m] ? ft*"* ^. 3<^ . t . . . v'J^ * V^^ A^^"^^ -i-^ V ^Ml 3^ o"^'*, V, '^^ ^<^. ..^^ **^sfe\ ^^^^^^ ,.;^^^„ v./ -^^^^^'^ ^ V-^^ 'Ix^^- ^ Front of Shiloh Monument Erected at southeast corner of Duncan Field, May, 1903. Back 3 50 5 42 2 35 5S 1 !) 4,S 4 r)5 1 •2 52 6 41 4 37 3 ;« 1 3(5 *o 44 479 1 4 43 3J 1 17 41!) 83 ' .S c- 1 1 1 3 3 4 3 1 - .2 a Q ^a a _ ^ .a o ^ S 1- =s 8 1 1 8 2 10 ;-! 9 1 'Sergeant Cotes says 7. The actual loss to the regiment was: Killed, known, 17, supposed, 4, total, 21; wounded, 76 (19 mortally); died of disease, 65. Total deaths as result of the battle, 107. As follows: KILLED -Co. A: Lieut. George W. Moir, Whitcomb Fairbanks. Barton '•'^H. Johnson, Reuben G. King and William Stotsen; Co. C: Corpl. NiThomas Henderson, Charles Larson and Charles Pendleton; Co. ix D: Lieut. J. D. Ferguson, James P. Ayers and Daniel Luther; Co. « E: Israel W. Fuller and William L. Pauley; Co. P: Corpl. A. D. ^ Campbell; Co. G: Ole G. Olesen; Co. I: Thomas H. Wilson; Co. K: Lewellyn Larebee. MISSING -Supposed to have been killed. Co. A: John Moran and Wil- liam Letler; Co C: George W. Grannis; Co. K: W. H. H. Fuller. WOUNDED— Left on the field. Those marked X died of wounds. Field and staff, Col. J. J. Woods; Co. A: Corpl. Ezekiel S. Swaih; Co B: Orison F. Adams, Cornelius Deeny, William F. Maynard and Stephen Wood; Co. C: Corpl. P. R. Ketchum, Frank W. Moine, Albert P. Munger, David W. Reed and Henry George +; Co. D: Sergt. John M. Clark; Edwin H. Bailey. Thomas Barr, Isaac G. Clarke; Robert C. Cowell and Frank Renchin; Co. E: Ben. E. Eber- hart, Anthony Biller, Jacob Howery +, Charles Johnson j and John P. Thompson t ; Co. F: Sergt. H. J. F. Small, Sergt. R. W. Terrill, Corpl. Thomas C. Nelson, Aborn Crippen +, George Kent, 66 TWELFTH REGIMEN! IOWA INFANTRY. Perry C. Kenney, Samuel Plattenburg, Joseph Pate + and Orry Wood J; Co. G: Ole Oleson and Alfred S. Puller; Co. H: Alexan- der Presho, Edgar A. Ward 1,, Albert T. Garner and Frank M. .hilus Kesler; Co. I: Joseph H. Cobb, '^*l^etii»Eaton; Co. K: Sergt. Ben- jamin Hayhurst, Sylvester Griffin %, Frank Keizer and John Moulton X WOUNDED AND CAPTURED— Those marked X died in prison of wounds. Field and staff, Adjt. N. E. Duncan; Co A: Kendrick S, Sprague; Co B: Charles KingJ, Robert Wampler, Henry Jones and August Leue; Co. C: Sergt George W. Cook and Wilson I. King; Co. D: Corpl. Joseph Stibbs, Corpl. H. C. Morehead, Corpl. Howard Pangborn, J. M. Tarpening and Louis SnellJ; Co. E: Thomas PorterJ, Samuel J. Lichtyt, Joseph JohnsonJ, John P. ■i\ KochI and Jeremiah Margretz; Co. P: David ClarkJ, John A. Mc- CullochJ, Allen Ware t and Joseph S. Gritton; Co. G: Lieut. L. D. Townsley, Carl B. Xittleson, Gilbert Anderson, Nels Peterson, Peter Larson and John Steen; Co. H: Corpl. .Joseph Evans, David Moreland and John G. Currie; Co. I: J. Warren Cotes and Samuel Gordon * DIED OF DISEASE IN PRISON— Co. A: Israel Hall, R. F. Quivey; Co B: Lieut. L. H. Merrill, Sergt. Daniel Harbaugh, Corpl. Prank E. Hancock, Madison J. Roe, John L. Bryant. .Jens Hanson, Ole Hanson, Leem Kleven, Henry Kuck, Charles H. Noyes, Edwin R. Perry, Ira E. Peck, Simeon Peck. Knudt Thorson and William M. White; Co. C: Corpl. Samuel F. Brush, Corpl. Daniel D Warner, James L. Ayres, Henry Beadle, John Quivey, Willard E. Simar, Charles Sigman and Samuel Stone; Co. D: Robert McLain; Co. E: Corpl. John T. Smith, John Ahrens, William O. Bird, Hiram Hos- ingtoni Elias Moon. Washington Richmond, Milton Rood, Stephen Story; Co. F: D. N. Lilibridge, William H. Mason. E. M. Over- ocker, Thomas Otis, George Parkes, Ira W. Roberts and Charles P. Toney; Co. G: Lieut. J. F. Nickerson Henry Johnson, No. 1; Co. H: Lieut. L. W. Jackson. John H. Byrns. William H. Collins, Thomas Clendenin, James E. Nichols. Royal F. Nutting, Henry L. Richardson, Charles E. Richardson, William J. Slack and Julius Ward; Co. I: Lieut. John J. Marks, Jesse W. Dean and Charles W. Sackett; Co. K: Corpl. Benjamin E. Nash, Corpl. John Turl- ton, Corpl. Merriam Lathrop, Daniel Downer, William T. Johnson, [• NOTE— Sergt. Cotes says that other members of Co. I were wounded and made prisoners as follows: Robert P. Brown, John T. Campbell. Oeorge Teskey, Alonzo Wells and A. W. Hatfteld; that Tesfeejf-tmd Hatfield and Cotes were wounded by the same bullet. NIGHT AFTER THE BATTLE— APRIL, 1862. 67 George F. Lande, Thomas Sover, Charles W. Smith and Philan- der Wilson That the casualites were no greater, we may thank the old sunken road and the protecting ridge that sheltered the regiment from the fire of Ruggles' batteries, as well as from the musketry fire of the infantry. Comrade R. P. Clarkson, Co. A, who visited the Shiloh battlefield April, 1884, wrote an account of his visit and among many other good things says: "Representatives of the Iowa brigade composed of the 2nd, 7th, 12th, and 14th Iowa, headed by Col. Shaw of the Uth Iowa —mounted- Gen. Tuttle and the rest of us on foot, easily found our first line of battle, followed the line of retreat to the last desperate btrug-gle of the 8th, 12th and 14th Iowa and part of Gen. Prentiss' division, where less than 4,030 men fought the three rebel divisions, of Polk, Hardee and Breck- inridge, for half an hour, when our ammunition, was exhausted and we made the last effort to escape in a deadly, pell mell rush across "Hell's Hollow" and were finally forced to surrender in the 3i^d Iowa s tents just at sunset, the last heavy fighting in the first day's contest This little band by their stubbornness in being the last to give way on the entire line, had saved the balance of the army from capture, but had sacrificed themselves. How well they fought, the thousands of '-unknown" graves in the National Cemetery on the bluff sadly and strongly tell. Their line of retreat, the crossing of "Hell's Hollow" and the point of capture were more thickly strewn with dead bodies than any other place in the fearful struggle. Not one half of the number of any of the three Iowa regiments named, who so grandly mai'ched forth to battle on that beau- tiful Sabbath morning, were ever reported for duty again. Their bodies rest in this beautiful cemetery and in the accursed soil around the rebel prison pens in nearly every Southern State east of the Mississippi river, and in home cemeteries, where they were laid by loving hands, from disease contracted in the rebel prison hells. But enough of sadness be- fore remembrance drives the pencil to bitterness. The saddest feature about the cemetery is the fact that nearly the entire number of dead comrades of the regiments that were captured, except those who were killed early in the day in the first day's fight, "sleep their last sleep" in "unknown" graves. The 8th, 12th and Uth Iowa Regiments, all of which were captured at the close of the first day's fight, are but slightly represented by known graves in the cem- etery, and this is also true as to other captured regiments. The dead of I 68 TWELFTH REGIMENT 10 WA INFANTR Y. these regiments wei'e scattered on the line of battle, along the line of retreat and. where they made the last desperate stand. Owing to the scattered condition of the dead, their comrades left in regimental camps could not find their bodies after the battle was over, and so they were buried in the long and shallow trenches, hundreds in a trench. Another important feature is brought out by this fact. In case of the captured regiments there was no one to report the casualities for these regiments after the battle was over, and so the number of killed in those regiments is given in all the printed reports only for the known dead found on the field. After the prisoners were released it was too late to correct the official reports, and the records still perpetuate the false reports, as first made, thus belittling the brave men, who were the only troops that held their original line of battle all day, and whose stubborn resistance was all that saved the entire army from destruction. '- '•We only know that they are sleepinii', our brave and gallant dead ; Unnamed their place of slumber, no Jitone at foot or head To tell the weary watcher whether this be friend or foe. Who sleeps the sleep that knows no waking, but God alone may know. It may be your blue-eyed darling, oh mother with snowy hair. Who marched at his country's calling, so young, so brave, so fair; In the flush of his glad young manhood, he left you long ago, If he be the lonely sleeper, there is none but God may know. Oh, wife, that mourned the lost one all these lonely years, Whose heart is weary waiting, whose eyes are dimmed with tears. It may be the one that left you to bravely meet the foe In the valley or on the hillside, there is none but God may know" The total number of pri.soners taken at the time of final surrender was 2.200. This included all the wounded cap- tured at that time. This little remnant of eight regiments — four of Wallace's division and four of Prentiss' division — sur- rendering after an all day's fight, is all there was to show for the boasted capture of a "whole division before they had left their bunks in the morning." . The total number of prisoners captured, including wounded, both days, from the army of the Tennessee, was 2,830; of this number the r2th Iowa lost in prisoners 419; Tattle's brigade, 676; Sweney's brigade, 619;- Wallace's division, 1,306; Prentiss' division, 1,008. The total losses reported by divisions were as follows: ountled. Prisoners. Total. 1,372 85 1.742 1,173 1,306 2,749 251 4 296 1,441 111 1,869 1,277 299 1901 928 l.OOS 2,172 159 17 215 6,601 2,830 10,944 1,X07 55 2,103 8.408 2,885 13,047 8,012 959 10,699 NIGHT AFTER THE BATTLE— APRIL, 1862. 69 Killed. 1st division, McClernand 285 2nd •• w. H. L. Wallace 270 3nl " Lew. Wallauf- 41 4tli " Hmlbut 317 5tli " Sherman 325 6th •• I'rentiss 236 Unassigned 39 Total, Army of the Tennessee 1,513 Army of the Ohio 241 Total Union forces 1,754 Confederate army 1,728 Aggregate 3,482 16,420 3,844 23,746 General Grant's "Present for duty " April 6 was 39,830. Deducting non-combatants, would leave about 36, 000 effective. The loss in the five divisions present on the 6th was 10,729, or 30 per cent, of his fighting force. " Rest, weary soldier, rest: No more by toil oppressed; No sourlding trumpet calls thee now — No care disturbs thy peaceful brow; The battle fought, the victoi'y won. Thy work in freedom's cause is doiie; Where fall our grateful tears, Rest, weary soldier, rest." CHAPTER VII. A Brief Review and Reports. "Was Shiloh a surprise?" The question has been asked and answered a thousand times, and each person thinking or writing upon the question answers it from his own individual standpoint. In our view the answer depends largely upon the exact definition given to the word " surprise," as used in this connection. Webster's definition is, "To come or fall upon suddenly and unexpectedly." The attack, as we have shown, was not sudden ; the enemy was met several miles out and his advance delayed for hours until all had notice of his coming. It was, perhaps, not expected that the Confederates would come out from Corinth and make an attack, but every one knew that such an attack, when in the enemy's country, was liable to be made, and surely all the division commanders knew that the enemy was feeling our outposts, which surely indicated a disposition to attack, should opportunity offer. But we will let the official report answer the question. General Grant had sent out warning of possible attack, April 4, as follows: " Headquarters Dist. West Tennessee, "i Pittsburg. April 4, 1862 j" Brig. Gen. W. H. L. Wallace, Commanding Second Division: * * * It is believed that the enemy are re-enforcing at Purdy, and it may be necessary to re-enforce Gen. Lew. Wallace, to avoid his being attacked by a superior force. Should you find danger of this sort, re-enforce him at once with your entire division. U. S. Grant, Maj. Gen. Commanding.' At the same time he advised General Sherman of the A BRIEF REVIEW AND REPORTS. 71 order given Gen. W. H. L. Wallace, and directed Sherman to keep a sharp lookout and co-operate. Genera] Halleck, as soon as he assumed the personal command of the army in the field, and had reviewed the official reports, wrote [Vol. X, p. 991]: "May 2, 1862.— The newspaper accounts that our divisions were surprised is e?itirely false ; every division had notice of the enemy's ap- proach hours before the battle commenced. W. H. Halleck, Maj. Gen. Commanding." Again on June 15 [see same re- IDort] he wrote: " The impression that our forces were sur- prised on the morning of the 6th is entirely erroneous. H. W. Halleck, Maj. Gen." General Beauregard said, when he found that their forces were not in position to attack on the 5th: " There is no longer hope of taking the enemy by surprise ; our presence is already known." General Bragg said: " The enemy gave us no time to discuss the question of attack. He was encountered in force at his advanced position. In a mile or more we encountered him in strong force along his entire line." Hardee says: "My forces were attacked at dawn, be- fore they had commenced the advance." Colonel Woods, in a letter written on this subject August 19, 1884, says: "The question turns largely on the exact definition we give to the word surprised. Professor Mahan, our highest autlaorit}', defines a surprise as ' an unexpected attack for which the assaulted are not prejDared.' Two questions are involved. First, Was the attack expected ? second, Were we prepared to meet it ? I think all will agree that we were poorly prepared to meet it, and why ? partly because the expected forces had not all arrived. But the most natural answer is because the attack was unexpected. And why unexpected "? The reconnaissance by the rebels and skirmishing Friday afternoon [which was certainly known to every general officer in the command], showed PLAINLY THAT THE R"EBELS INTENDED TO ATTACK in the 72 T WELFTH RE GIMENT lO WA IN FA N TR Y. near future. They could only be doubted on the ground that the rebels found us too strong or too well prepared to receive them to justify an attack. While I have no knowledge as to how the general officers interpreted the facts above alluded to, I was led to believe that the attack was unexpected by them, and that therefore, while there might be a partial sur- prise, it hardly came under that definition." General Tuttle, in answer to the question: "Were you surprised at Shiloh ? " says: " No, I was not surprised, and I do not consider that our army was. There had been heavy skirmishing in the front for several days, and all in camp knew it, and I think it reflects upon the intelligence of any man that insists that we were surprised that morning. I freely admit that we got the worst of the fight that day, but we were not surprised. To be sure, we were not so well pre- pared as we should have been to receive an attack, but it must be borne in mind that an officer would have been laughed out of camp then who would have taken the pre- cautions in such cases as were taken a few years later. He would have been accused of timidity, if not cow^ardice. At that time every officer and soldier in the army thought he knew all about how to handle troops, and how things ought to be done generally. Particularly was this the case with newspaper correspondents. A great many of the reports of the battle were made from the reports of fugitives from the front, who always had awful stories to tell of how ' ' our regiment was cut all to pieces." Generals Sherman and Prentiss show% by sending out extra pickets and scouting parties, that they knew of the activity of the enemy in their front ; and General Grant, in his report says he expected that the enemj'^, if he attacked, would make demonstration upon Pittsburg but attack the weaker place at Crump's Landing. The many fugitives from their regiments that sought the landing was referred to as an evidence of surprise and demoralization by General Buell and others. But when we I A BRIEF REVIEW AND REPORTS. 73 consider the number of new regiments that had just arrived upon the field and for the first time became engaged at Shiloh, some of these regiments not being supplied with arms until they were in line of battle, and many of the men never having seen a cartridge until they were ordered to load, we shall wonder less at the few who were demoralized and more that they fought as long as they did. General Buell undoubtedly found a large number of men at the river bank, but no one that has ever seen the rear of an army in time of battle has failed to note that there are a large number of "hangers on" to an army, who gather at the rear and present a demoralized condition. Buell' s army showed it the next day, and the Confederate reports indicate a like con- dition of affairs ; many of their officers admitting that after some of their desperate charges at the " Hornets' Nest" their commands went to pieces and were not again in the fight as an organization. No doubt they presented a demoral- ized condition at the rear. General Bragg, writing to his command just after the battle, says: " Our condition is hor- rible ; our troops utterly demoralized and disorganized. It is most lamentable to see the state of affairs ; the whole pre- sent the scene of a rout, and no mortal could restrain it. ' ' Beauregard says, afterwards, that he could not put 20,000' men in battle on the 7th. Since several of the official reports touch upon these questions, as well as upon others of interest, we present them herewith, together with some articles by eminent command- ers, written since the war: • REPORT OP COL. J. J. WOODS, TWELFTH IOWA. " Maquoketa, Iowa, April — , 1862. On the morning- of April 6th, the rebels having attacked our ad- vanced lines at Shiloh, Tenn., the 12th Iowa Infanti-y was rapidly formed and joined the other regiments of the 1st brigade, under General Tuttle. The brigade was marched to near a field beyond General Hurlbut s headquarters and formed in line of battle: the 2nd and 7th on our right, the 14th on our left ; the 8th Iowa on the left of the 14th, forming an \ 74 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY. angle to the rear with our line. An open field lay in front of our right. Dense timber covered our left. A small ravine was behind us. In this position we awaited the approach of the enemy. Soon he made a bold attack on us, but met with a warm reception and was repulsed. Again and again did he attack us, trying vainly to drive us from our position. He failed to move us one inch ; on the contrary, we re- pulsed every attack and drove him back in confusion. Thus matters stood in our front until about 4 o'clock P. M., at which time it became evident by the firing on our left that the enemy was get- ting in our rear. An aide-de-camp rode up and directed me to face to the rear and fall back, stating, in answer to my inquiry, that I would re- ceive orders as to the position I was to occupy. No such ordei's reached me, and, I suppose, could not. The 2nd and 7th Iowa had already gone to the rear, and on reaching the high ground between our position and General Hurlbut's head- quarters we discovered that we were already surrounded by the enemy, caused by no fault of ours but by the troops at a distance from us on our right and left giving way before the enemy. Seeing ourselves sur- rounded, we nevertheless opened a brisk fire on that portion of the enemy who blocked our passage to the landing, who, after briskly return- ing our fire for a short time, fell back. A brisk fire from the enemy on our left [previous right] was going on at the same time. Seeing the enemy in front falling back, we attempted by a rapid movement to cut our way through, but the enemy on our left advanced rapidly, coming in behind us, pouring into our ranks a most destructive fire. The enemy in front faced about and opened on us at short range, the enemy in our rear still closing in on us rapidly. I received two wounds, disabling me from further duty. The command then devolved on Captain Edgington, acting as field officer. The enemy had, however, already so closely surrounded us that their balls which missed our men took effect in their own ranks beyond us. To have held out longer would have been to suffer complete annihilation. The regiment was therefore compelled to surrender as prisoners of war. Lieut. Col. Coulter was much reduced by chronic diarrhoea, and Major Brodtbeck was suffering from rheumatism ; being myself the only field officer on duty, at ray request Captain Edgington acted as a field officer, the duties of which he performed in an able and efficient manner. Quartermaster Dorr, though his position did not require him to go into action, volunteered to do so, and throughout the day behaved in a gallant manner, daringly, if not recklessly, exposing himself to the enemy. He made himself very useful in carrying messages and spying out the position and movements of the enemy and firing on them as occasion oft'ered. Energetic and effleient in his own department, he A BRIEF REVIEW AND REPORTS. 75 would fill a higher one with credit to himself and honor to the service. Adjutant Duncan proved himself on this, as on all other occasions, a faithful and efficient officer Captains Earle, Warner, Stibbs, Haddock, Van Duzee and Townsley performed well their part, as did all the lieutenants in the action, in a prompt and willing manner. The non-commissioned officers and men stood bravely up to their work, and never did men behave better. In the death of Lieutenant Ferguson, Co. D, the regiment lost one of its best drilled officers and a gallant soldier. It also lost a good offi- cer in the death of Lieutenant Moir, Co A. J. J. Woods, Colonel 12th Iowa Infantry," To Asst. Adjt. Gen. 1st Brig. 2Qd Div. Colonel Woods afterwards, in response to a request, submitted the following supplemental support: " Montana, Labette County, ) Kansas, June 8, 1881. S In response to request I submit the following hastily prepai-ed sketch: * * * At about 8:30 or 9 o'clock our regiment was in the line of battle assigned to it; an open field lay in front of our right. Dense tim- ber covered our left. A small ravine was behind us. I ordered the men to lie down, not to fire until ordered, and to fire low. In this position we awaited the attack of the enemy. In a short time the enemy ap- peared, advancing in line of battle, and when about thirty paces distant the 12th and 14th Iowa almost instantaneously delivered a volley into his ranks; those who were not killed or wounded fled from the field. In a short time the enemy reformed his lines and made a second attack with similar result. These attacks were frequently renewed by the enemy during the day, but we successfully repulsed every assault and drove our assailants back in confusion. During the afternoon the firing revealed the fact that the left of the army was gradually being driven in and at 4 P. M it was evident the enemy was getting in our rear. It has been thought important to fix with some degree of accuracy the after events of that day. I did not consult my watch. Col. Parrott's report says he was ordered to fall back about 5 P. M. His order was re- ceived before ours. Col. Shaw says his oi'der to face to the rear was re- ceived about 15 minutes before 5. His order and ours were received at about the same time. Under the supposition that Col. Shaw is correct, about 15 minutes before 5 P. M. an aide-de-camp rode up and directed me to face to the rear and fall back. I asked to what point He replied, you will receive further orders. The 2nd and 7th Iowa had already gone 76 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY. to the rear. I immediately faced the reg'iment to the rear, and, seeing the necessity for a rapid movement, gave the order to double quiclf. The aide checked the movement and said we must retire slowly and in good oi'der. No further order reached me. Upon arriving upon the high ground in front of the 3rd Iowa tents, we discovered that we were already surrounded by the enemy, caused by no fault of our own. Hardee's corps of rebels had come in by the right flank of our army and blocked the passage to the rear; other rebel forces had comB in by the left flank. We immediately attacked Hardee's corps and a terrible con- flict, in which we lost heavily, was kept up foi- half an hour. At the same time we were receiving a brisk fii'e from the enemy upon our left, previous right, flank. Hardee's corps now made a slight movement to the rear and right and we made a desperate attempt, by a rapid move- ment, to cut our way to the rear. The regiment reached the camp of of the 3rd Iowa. The enemy on our left advanced rapidly, coming in by our left and rear, and pouring into our ranks a rapid fire; the enemy in front, at short range, delivering a still more destructive one. I had not quite I'eached the 3rd Iowa tents, and was looking to see if there was any possible chance of reaching the rear, when a ball went whizzing through my left leg. I took out my handkerchief to bind around my leg, when a second ball went through my hand, driving the handkerchief in with it. Being totally disabled, I sent word to Captain Edgington to take command, which he did. At this time we were com- pletely surrounded, and the destruction going on was so terrible that to have held out longer would have been to suffer complete annihilation. Captain Edgington therefore wisely surrendered himself and the regi- ment prisoners of war. The time of surrender must have been between 5:30 and 6 P. M. At least, I know the regiment had been marched off the ground but a short time when a rebel regiment camped for the night within a few yards of me, and it was then getting dusk. The commander of this regiment delivered to it a short and gr'andiloquent address, re- lating the brave deeds it had done, and predicting glorious results for the morrow. General Hardee and staff came to me and had quite a lengthy interview. He directed his surgeon to examine my wounds; told me I could retain my side-arms; said he supposed I had heard of his tactics; asl^ed about some of his old army friends; then questioned me in refei'ence to the number and disposition of our forces. I was very careful in my replies not to give him any information that, in a military sense, would be of any value. General Hardee had just left when a jiack of Texas roughs came up, demanded my sword and pistol, and the leader, pointing a pistol at my head, threatened to blow my brains out. During the night there was a heavy rain. The gunboats threw shells at inter- vals all night, some of which burst in close proximity to where I lay. A BRIEF RE VIE IV AND RE FOR TS. 11 Eai'ly in the morning- of the 7th I heard firing from the right of our line, by whicli I icnevv our forces were attacking the rebels. At leng-th the enemy was driven past where I lay. I heard some of their remarks, dis- tinctly among them, ' Buell has come !' ' The cavalry is getting on our flank I' I then got sight of our flag, and Crittenden's division of Buell's army marched by in fine order. The surgeon of the division ordered the driver of an ambulance to take me to the hospital. It was then about 9 A. M. I was taken to the rear and saw no more of the battle, but con- tinued to hear firing during the day. * * * The position at Shiloli was selected for offensive operations. On Friday afternoon, however, the enemy made a reconnoissance and lively skirmishing took place at the front. It then became evident that the enemy zuas contemplating an attack in the near future, from the mak- ing of which he would only be likely to be deterred by either finding our position too strong to be successfully assailed, or that he could not bring up his forces before the arrival of General Buell's army. J J. Woods. Colonel Commanding 12th Iowa.'' REPORT OF COL. TUTTLE, COMMANDING FIRST BRIGADE, SECOND DIVISION. [Vol. X, P. 148 ] " Headquarters First Brigade, Second Division, General: Pittsburg, Tenn., April 10, 1862. I have the honor to report the part taken by the First brigade in the action of the 6th and Tth inst. On the morning of the fith I proceeded, with my brigade, under the direction of Gen. W. H. L. Wallace, and formed line on left of his division. We had been in line but a few moments when the enemy made their appearance and attacked my left wing [12th and 14th Iowa], who gallantly stood their ground and com- pelled the enemy to retire in confusion. They again formed, under cover of a battery, and renewed the attack upon my whole line, but were repulsed as before. A third and fourth time they dashed upon us, but were each time baffled and completely routed. We held our position about six hours, when it became evident that our forces on each side of us had given way, and General Wallace gave oi'ders to fall back. The 2nd and Tth retired through a severe fire from both flanks, and re- formed, while the 12th and 14th, who were delayed by their endeavor to save a battery, were completely cut off and surrounded. * * * The officers deserving special mention are so numerous that I will conflne myself to field officers alone. * * * Col. Woods, 12th Iowa, particu- larly distinguished himself for bravery and ability on the field. He was twice wounded, and, when the enemy was driven back on Monday, was recaptured and is now here, unfit for duty. * * * J. M. Tuttle. Colonel 2nd Iowa, Commanding 1st Brig. 2nd Div. 78 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY. At a reunion October 12 and 13, 1887, of the "Hornets' Nest Brigade," General Tattle read the following carefully prepared report of the doings of that brigade on the first day at Shiloh: "On awakening about sunrise on the morning- of the 6th of April, 1862, my attention was attracted by severe firing at the front. I ordered my horse immediately and rode to General Wallace's tent to report my- self ready to take command of the brigade. He directed me to proceed to the front. I directed the march on the main road, for the reason that as the firing was heavy on both flanks, it occurred to me that our center was unprotected On crossing the ravine a short distance from the junction the main road led through low ground, so I took an old road that led to the left and over higher ground. After following this road for about a quarter of a mile or more without seeing any person or hear- ing a sound of any kind in our front, we came to the corner of Duncan's field, at 8:30 o'clock. On looking across the field with a glass I could see the bayonets of soldiers, marching in line, apparently towards us. We did not wait long until I could make out that they wore the gray I immediately ordered the brigade to deploy in the following order: Second Iowa on the right and extending to the main Corinth. road, which was about 300 yards from the one we had marched out on; the 7th Iowa on the left of the 2nd and in the rear of the field, and the 12tli Iowa on the left of the 7th: the 14th to the left of the 12th in the woods and form- ing the left flank of the brigade. All were in an old sunken road, run- ning across the other roads and close to the fence of the field. The artillery was placed on higher ground in the rear of the infantry. These dispositions were no sooner made than the enemy could be plainly seen bearing down upon us in two lines and in large force. While deploying, the importance of the position was forced upon me Sherman and Mc- Clernand were fighting hard far on the right, Prentiss and Hurlbut the same on the left, and but for what opposition we could present there was nothing to prevent the enemy from 'marching unobstructed to the camp of our division near the landing. 1 therefore determined to hold this position at all hazards until the rest of division came up. Cavender opened upon them at once with two of his batteries, which soon silenced the same number of the enemy's batteries that had gone into position on the opposite side of the field, but their infantry pushed on, when I or- dered Baker and Parrott of the 2nd and 7th to open fire on them, which they did with great vigor and terrific effect. They were driven back with great loss, after getting half way across the field. I could see many of them were going in an oblique direction across the corner of the field to the woods in front of the r2th and 14th, and in a very short time I A BRIEF REVIEW AND REPORTS. 79 their lines were attacked with great vigor and determination, but they nobly held their ground, and the enemy were compelled to i-etire with heavy loss. Soon after another strong force attacked Woods and Shaw with the same result. I could tell from the firing that Sherman and McClernand on the right and Prentiss and Hurlbut on the left were be- ing steadily driven back. I could see, therefore, that we were breaking the enemy's center by holding our position, and I expected a renewed and more vigorous attack, which soon came along my whole front. This was the most terrific assault of the whole day. That in front of the 2nd and 7th was soon repulsed, but in front of the 12th, 14th and 8th the fighting was stubborn and determined and lasted for over an hour. The rebels had got on their mettle on account of this 'Hornets' Nest,' and they performed prodigies of valor in trying to take the position. They charged up to within a few rods of our lines and would hold their ground until most of them fell. This charge was scarcely off until another was on, for three or four hours of almost continuous fighting. But they were repulsed on all of them with heavy loss. According to rebel re- ports, they were beaten away from this position seven times. I reported it five times. It was hard to tell when one charge ended and another began, for during four hours there was fighting on some part of my line all the time. The effect of the desperate fighting here could best be seen the next day. The ground was literally covered with the enemy's dead, the wounded having been carried away. About 4:30 P. M. General Wallace came to me and while I was explaining to him what I had been doing during the day, Lieut. Godfrey of the 2nd Iowa came and reported that the enemy was passing my right flank and that the woods on my right were full of rebels. We realized at once that we soon would be surrounded, and after a short consultation we determined to retire the brigade I gave the order in person to Lieut. Col. Baker of the 2nd and Lieut. Col. Parrott of the 7th, and sent order by staff officers to Col. Woods of the 12th and Col. Shaw of the 14th to fall back to the top of the hill and get further orders, intending to give the orders to them myself. I expected to come on with the 12th and 14th, but about the time the lat- ter regiments arrived the 2nd Iowa was in a lively fight, as it was break- ing through the lines. On looking that way I saw General Wallace fall from his horse, mortally wounded. I sent my staff officers to Colonels Woods and Shaw to tell them what to do to get out, and I then rode for- ward into the action. By some mistake, in the excitement of the moment, my orders were not delivered to Woods and Shaw, and they continued fighting until surrounded and compelled to surrender about the same time General Prentiss did, about 5:30 P. M. No troops on that field fought better than the 12th and 14th, and I was very much mortified that they were captured, but it was not their fault." 80 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY The following is the report of Col. William T. Shaw, commanding the 14th Iowa, in the form of a letter, written while he was on parole, to the Governor of Iowa, October 28, 1862: " Our line of battle was formed about half past eight o'clock A. M., about 500 yai'ds fi-om the enemy's artillery, which at once opened a severe fire upon us. The ground was rolling and wooded, but free from underbrush, interspersed here and there with cleared fields and cut up by several roads. In a short time the enemy's infantry made their ap- pearance, advancing in line of battle. I at once perceived that the line of our brigade was not pai-allel with theirs, but inclined to it at an angle of about forty-five degrees, the left in advance, thus exposing my left flank to the enemy some distance in advance of General Prentiss' line, upon which it should have rested, and about 200 yards from his extreme right. After consulting with Colonel Woods of the 12th, who was next to me on the right, I thi-ew back my regiment and the left wing of the 12th, so as to bring our part of the line parallel to the advancing enemy and in line with General Prentiss' division, but still failing to connect with it by an interval of about 200 yards. This also improved our posi-, tion, which had previously been directly upon the ridge, exposed to the enemy's artillery, and gave us that ridge as a partial shelter. The enemy advanced steadily in two lines, about 200 yards apart. I ordered niy men to lie down and hold their fire until they were within thirty paces. The effect of this was that when the order to fire was given, and the 12th and 14th opened directly in their faces, the enemy's first line was completely destroyed Our fire was only returned by a few, nearly all who were not killed or wounded by it fleeing in every dii^ection. I then immediately advanced my regiment, in which I was gallantly joined by the left wing of the 12th. Passing almost without opposition over the ground which had been occupied by the first lines, we attacked and drove back their second for some distance, until I was forced t corps the center. The armies now confronting each other near Vicksburg VICKSBURG CAMPAIGN 117 >\rere of very nearly equal strength. Pemberton's returns of March 31st show an effective force, in round numbers, of 50,000. Grant's returns of April 30th show within 100 men of the same number. Of the Union army, one division, Blair's, about 5,000, was on the west side of the river guard- ing trains, etc. This left Grant's force on the east side of the river not over 45,000 men. Pemberton had a part of his force, about equal to Blair's division, on duty at Haines' Bluff, Chickasaw Bayou, and Jackson, Miss. There is, per- haps, no campaign of the war over which there is such per- fect agreement as to movements, numbers engaged and results accomplished as that of Vicksburg. It is therefore unnecessary to enter into the details of the campaign, in which our regiment bore its full share of privations and hardships without complaint. On Monday, May 11, w^e bivouacked at Auburn ; May 12, at Fourteen-Mile Creek. At this crossing McPherson had an engagement, but forced the passage, capturing sev- eral prisoners, from whom it was learned that the enemy was concentrating at Jackson and that Gen. Joe. Johnson was expected to take command. General Grant at once deter- mined to disperse this force rather than have it hanging on his flank. He therefore ordered McPherson to turn his head of column towards Jackson by the way of Clinton; Mc- Clernand to come up to Raymond and Sherman to move to Mississippi Springs and thence by direct road to Jackson. These movements threw Sherman to McPherson's right and to the right of the army. The 15th corps reached Raymond about 9 P. M. on Wednesday the 13th, and soon after met a force of the enemy which the advance guard was unable to drive away. The corps deployed and advanc- ing in line of battle drove the enemy through Mississippi Springs. About 4 P. M. it commenced to rain and the army was ordered to bivouac in line of battle just east of the town. Thursday morning reveille was sounded at 3 o'clock, I 118 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY. the men very quickly disposed of breakfast — beef, cooked the night before — and as soon as it was light started for Jackson, driving the outposts of the enemy before them. The rain had continued to fall all night and was still pouring in a steady stream, tilling all the low grounds and ditches so that the men were often compelled to wade knee deep in water, yet they pressed on until within about one and one-half miles of Jackson when the enemy was found to be in force and strongly entrenched. During the march McPherson's guns had been frequently heard over to the left along the Clinton and Jackson road, and occasionally the long line of blue was seen sweeping over some cleared field, driving the gray before it. Then again the advance would be checked for a time as some strong po- sition gave the enemy a chance to make a stand. The ad- vance of McPherson and Sherman had thus been in conjunc- tion and both reached the defences of Jackson at about the same time, and prepared to attack immediately. Companies "B" and "C" of the Twelvth were deployed as skirmishers and advancing across a low meadow they drove the enemy inside his works and developed his position. An advance by Tuttle's division was ordered but before the line had arrived within musket shot the rebels fired a part- ing salute from a field battery; hastily left their guns and retreated across Pearl River closely followed by our skir- mishers. Sherman's corps from the south and McPherson's from the west entered the captured Capital of Mississippi at the same time. As the skirmishers of the Twelfth Iowa went over the works they found a camp complete, tents standing, camp equippage, knapsacks, etc., just as they were left when the troops that had occupied the camp were called into line. Even the untasted dinner was standing ready cooked, and was very unceremoniously disposed of by the men of the Twelfth as they came over the works in line of battle and rushed through the camp. Our troops occupied the city and VICKSBURG CAMPAIGN 119 were distributed so as to protect themselves against attack. Fires were kindled, clothes were dried and such rations as could be secured were cooked and biovuac was established for the night. A large number of cotton bales found near the part of the line occupied by the Twelfth were appropriated, opened up and used for beds. For the first time in the service many of the men slept on -'downey bed" their uniforms next morning bearing evidence that they had "been in the cotton." Friday, May 15, McPherson's corps was ordered toward Vicksburg and Sherman's corps was directed to hold Jack- son and await orders. The Third Brigade of Tuttle's divi- sion was sent out four miles on the Memphis Railroad, with orders to destroy the road from that point to Jackson. The method adopted was one which afterward became the prac- tice in all our raids: The regiment formed along the track, and, at a given signal, upset a section equal to the whole length of the regiment. The ties were then wrenched from the rails and piled up, and the rails laid across the pile. Fire was then applied to the pile, and when the rails were red-hot in the middle the ends were seized and the rail twisted in such manner that it could not be used again without being put through a rolling-mill. During the day Co. C was on picket. A record kept by one of the company says: " We were stationed near the splendid residence of the late Brig- adier General Griffith, C. S. A., and during the day captured nine grayback geese belonging to the forces of the said Gen- eral Griflith. Their uniforms proved them enemies, and they were condemned to be executed." The work assigned liaving been completed, the brigade returned to Jackson with twenty prisoners, captured while trying to pass through the lines. The men occupied the bivouac of the previous night, and feasted on such captured rations as had come to the share of each. Company C reported: "Full rations of goose and enough left over for tomorrow." Saturday the corps was engaged in collecting and de- 120 TWELFTH REGIMENT 10 WA INFANTR V. stroying Confederate army stores, including an arsenal, iron foundry, several establishments for the manufacture of army supplies, railroad depots, etc. The large hotel called "Confederate House'" shared the fate of the public buildings, though it was not included in the orders. It was reported at the time that the building was tired by some soldiers who were captured at Shiloh and were taken through Jackson as prisoners. They were permitted by the guard to go to this hotel for supper, but having only greenback to pay with were refused supjDer and insulted by the proprietor of the hotel. To revenge the insults they had fired the hotel. This report is confirmed by General Sherman in his memoirs. About 1 o'clock General Sherman received notice that a battle was being fought at Champion Hill, and he was di- rected to bring his corps to that point as quickly as possible. With his usual promptness Sherman had his corps on the road within half an hour and marched it to Clinton, ten miles, without a halt. Here he met a train of ammunition and a few supplies which had been brought forward by Blair's di- vision. Two crackers were issued to each man, the first that they had seen since leaving Rocky Springs, and for once the much despised "Hardtack'' received a hearty wel- come. One dollar apiece w^as freely oifered for crackers with few sellers. After a short halt at Clinton, with just time to make a cup of coffee, the march was continued to Bolton, ten miles farther. The last part of this march was very tedious on account of darkness, bad roads, broken bridges, etc. The ammunition train, or artillery, would block the road compell- ing frequent halts and delays when the men would drop dowm in their places and be sound asleep in a moment. It required close watching to prevent some from being left when the column moved on. Many of the men were so ex- hausted that they slept while marching along the road, and were only awakened when, at some halt, they ran VICKSBURG CAMPAIGN 121 against their file leader. The command reached Bolton at 2 A. M. of the 17th, where it was learned that the battle of Champion Hill had been fought and won by the 13th and 17th corps and that the enemy had retreated to Black River. Sherman halted his corps until daylight, then, under orders to gain the flank of the enemy, he took a road leading north- westerly towards Bridgeport. A few miles from Bolton the command passed the plantation of Jefferson Davis, Presi- dent of the Confederacy. It seemed to be in a dilapidated condition, no one but negroes about, and these evidently not unwilling to have the Yankee soldier take away the few head of cattle that remained on the premises. The command reached Bridgeport on Big Black River at sunset, having marched twenty-two miles. The day had been exceedingly warm; water very scarce, so that the men had suffered for enough to drink. This, added to the long march of the night before, used up a great many men, and compelled them to fall out of ranks, and take their time to get to camp, During the night the crossing of the river was forced a pontoon bridge laid and at sun rise on the morning of the 18th we crossed the river and continued the march on Wal- nut Hills road. This brought Sherman's corps to the north of Vicksburg, and between that city and Haines' Bluff. The cavalry was dispatched to Haines' Bluff to disperse any force that might be stationed there. The infantry pressed on until the head of column reached nearly to the Mississippi River north of Vicksbarg effectually shutting the ciiy in on the north side. In the meantime the Thirteenth and Seventeenth corps had fought the battle of Big Black on the 17th; forced the crossing at the railroad bridge, and were closing in on Vicksburg from the east. At about 4 o'clock P. M. Sher- man's corps was in position, his line of battle along Walnut Hills facing the city, just out of range of the enemy's heavy guns. Steel's division on the right, its right flank reaching to the river bluff, Blair's division on the left and Tuttles' in 122 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY. reserve, in which position the corps bivouacked for the night. Early on morning of 19th our brigade was ordered on a , reconnoisance and reached Chickasaw Bayou. A rebel bat- tery was abandoned on our approach, the guns and ten prisoners falling into our hands. From this point we suc- ceeded in opening communication with our gunboats in the Yazoo River, giving the first information, tothe people of the North, that Grant was in position in rear of Vicksburg. The brigade returned to its place in line about noon, and re- , ceived orders to be ready for an attack upon the f ortifica- ; tions in our front at 2 o'clock. Our division being in reserve the regiment was not actively engaged in the assault. One company, "C," was detached to carry ammunition to the front line and supply those in need. In this work the company lost one killed, Norton T. Smith. Of Company "A," Francis C. Cromwell, was wounded. The assault failed but the troops held the advance position gained and hastily prepared entrenchments were made and batteries established at various points within easy range of the enemy's works. ! Early on the morning of the 20th the regiment was moved forward to one of these advanced positions, under the i brow of a hill, where it bivouacked in battle line. Heavy details were made to entrench a battery in our immediate i front. On Thursday morning, May 21, communications were opened, by way of Chickesaw Bayou, and rations were again i received and issued in regular order, after an interruption of eighteen days. The failure to capture the city on the 19th had not con- vinced General Grant and his corps commanders that it was impossible to take the works by assault. Arrangements were therefore made, and orders issued, for a combined attack by the three corps at 10 A. M. May 22d. Promptly at the time appointed the troops designated for the purpose made a very determined assault along the whole line. A few VICKSBURG CAMPAIGN 123 men from each corps succeeded in passing the abatis; cross- ing the ditch; and planting their colors on the enemy's works, but nowhere was a lodgement made in sufficient force to drive the enemy out of the works. General McClernand> however, claimed that he had made such a lodgement and would be able to capture the works in his front if he could be properly supported by the other corps. General Grant at once ordered a renewed attack by all the corps at 3 o'clock. The Second and Third brigades of Tuttle's division were, during the forenoon, in reserve, massed in a ravine to the left of the Graveyard road. They were or- dered to make the renewed assault, and for that purpose were formed along the Graveyard road, the Second brigade (Mower's) in front, closely followed by the Third brigade, left in front, with orders to move by the flank down the Graveyard road against the Stockade Redan, and, if lodge- ment could be made, to deploy the Second brigade to the right and the Third brigade to the left, and hold the works until re-enforced. This formation placed the Twelfth Iowa at the head of its brigade, Company C, at the head of the regiment. In the assault General Mower and a few men at the head of his brigade reached the Redan and "planted the colors of the Eleventh Missouri on the slope of the works, but he was unable to bring enough of his men past the obstruction to deploy. The left of the Twelfth Iowa, in advance, reached a point 400 yards from the Redan, where it found further advance blocked by the other troops and was deployed on the right of the road, behind a ridge, in support of the Second Iowa battery, to cover the retreat of the other troops. In this position, its left on the Graveyard road, the regiment bivouacked for the night. Its loss during the day was one man — Corp. C. E. Merriam, Company K, wounded. This charge satisfied all that Vicksburg was not to be taken by direct assault and the army settled down to regu- lar seige operations, The Twelfth entrenched its bivouac 124 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY. and leveled the side hill to form sleeping places and built shades of canes from the brakes near by. It furnished its heavy detail each day and night for pickets, sharpshooters and working parties in trenches and approaches. Siege guns on land and mortars from gunboats in the river kept a rain of iron falling within the works. Among our forces, casualties, to those on picket or in trenches, were of frequent occurrence, for not a head could show itself above our en- trenchments but it became a target for the sharpshooters of the enemy. The water for the regiment was obtained from a spring at our left front between the lines. The approach to the water w^as within range and in plain view of the enemy's sharpshooters, and any one going for water in daylight had to run the gauntlet of their fire. Drinking water was there- fore at a premium, and was sold in camp at 25 cents a can- teen. Several casualties occurred in the regiment while on picket duty. June 5th Captain Warner, Company "C," was wounded in arm. June 8th, Edward H. Adams, Company "C," lost his leg by cannon shot and D. E. McCall, Company "C," was slightly wounded. On the 2nd day of June Governor Kirkwood and Adjutant General Baker and other prominent officials from Iowa visited us in camp. General Baker, anxious, no doubt, to have a good story to tell the folks at home, crawled along the trenches to a picket post where he borrowed a Springfield and poking it under the head log, the muzzle pointing out over Vicksburg, pulled the trigger. As usual a quick response came from the other side, and a rebel bullet struck a tree with the well- known ' 'spat, " ten feet above the General's head. This caused the gallant lowan to drop his gun, fall flat in the ditch, and with an : "I tell you, boys, that was close, wasn't it ?" Make a hasty retreat on all fours. No doubt the story of his " close call in trenches at Vieksburg '' was often told by the Adjutant General of Iowa to his admiring friends at home. VICKSBURG CAMPAIGN 125 Soon after Grant's investment of Vicksburg, General Joe. Johnson of the C. S. A. undertook to organize a force for the relief of the besieged city. After dark, June 11th, the Twelfth Iowa was ordered out, with its brigade, to resist a demon- stration made by some of Johnson's forces near IJaines' Bluff. The brigade was moved out along the Graveyard road, and its place in line was taken by Lightburn's brigade of Blair's division. After getting fairly out of position, the brigade was halted, and stood to arms in the road all night. In the morning it was bivouacked, on the exact ground it had occupied May ISth, with orders to be in readiness to march at a moment's warning. The regiment was held under these orders, but furnishing regular fatigue details until June 22d, when it was marched to Bear Creek, near Black River, as a part of the command of General Sherman sent to guard the rear. Here about one-half of the regiment, at a time, was constantly on picket or patrol duty, guarding the roads from Black River bridge to the Brownsville road. While this duty was heavy it was a relief from the work in trenches, and was accepted as a very desirable change. July 2d. tents and camp and garrison equipage left at Duckport two months before were brought forward and set up in a very pleasant grove. Bunks were arranged in all the tents in this way : Four stakes were driven into the ground to form the corners of the bunk, end pieces and side rails were fastened on and canebrakes woven in for the bottom of the bed. These bunks were found to be more comfortable sleeping places than the damp ground. Our time to enjoy this pleasant camp was very short, for two days later, July 4th, the glori- ous news of the surrender of Vicksburg reached us ; and with it came orders to march at once and attack Johnson at Black River. The men were inclined to think that the results accomplished by this army in two months, ending in the cap- ture of Vicksburg with 40,000 prisoners; opening up the Mississippi River from its source to the gulf; w^ith all tha 126 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY. Other happy results of a brilliant campaign, entitled them to a full holiday on the 4th of July, with the privilege of march- ing into Vicksburg and beholding -with their own eyes the fruits of the victory. But Grant and Sherman were never content to rest on victories won, while an enemy was in sight. Accordingly, at 3 o'clock P. M., we left our comfort- able camp and all our baggage in charge of those who were sick, or otherwise unable to march, and again took the road towards Jackson. Some delay was occasioned in securing the crossing and building a bridge over Black River, but at about 5 o'clock P. M. of the 6th, Tuttle's division crossed the river, and driving a force of the enemy before it, marched five miles to a point where the road debouched from the low ground and timber upon high ground and open fields, where the line was deployed. It was after 9 o'clock when this posi- tion was reached. As soon as the line was formed, guns were stacked, and the men lay down to wait for daylight. Here occurred a laughable incident afterwards referred to in the regiment as the " Mule Raid." When the army halted, some teamster hitched a mule to a rail fence near the line of gunstacks. About the time the men were sleeping their soundest, that mule, with a bray as startling as a bugle call, yanked the rail out of the fence, and swinging it clear of the ground, struck the gunstacks and knocked down a whole row of them at the first rush. The clatter of falling guns, the loud braying and the rushing mule, caused some half awakened soldier to cry "cavalry.'' This cry brought every man to his feet, and to his gun, and with the confused din still ringing in his ears, each man seemed possessed with the idea that the rebel cavalry had charged our lines. The writer and the Orderly Sergeant of his company were sleeping together near the head of the company line. Springing to his feet at the first alarm the said Orderly was observed with his musket at a "charge against cavalry " making the " right rear vaults" until the point of his bayonet had swept around JACKSON, MISS. 127 the entire circle. He then came to "order arms," and, as the true cause of the alarm dawned upon him, dropped into his place again, apparently as fast asleep as before. His example was followed by every soldier of the company, if not of the regiment, as though each would have his comrade think, "I was not awakened." The Thirty-fifth Iowa was making its first campaign in the field, having joined the brigade in April directly from guard duty at some station on the river. When ordered to active service in the field the men were furnished rubber blankets, and every man was the happy possessor of anew "gum, "bright and clean, while the Eighth and Twelfth were but poorly supplied with these comforts. In the bivouac, on the night of the mule raid, the Eighth and Twelfth were in the first line, the Thirty-fifth in second line a few yards in rear. Whether or not the older regiments recovered from the panic sooner than the newer troops, or not, we will not undertake to say, or how it came about that when the 35th boys were ready to lie down again large numbers of their rubber blankets had disappeared. They explained the matter by saying: "This whole scare was gotten up by you fellows of the 8th and 12th just to get a chance to steal our rubbers." Next day when the rain brought out all the rubber blankets for use they persisted in their charge by saying: "See! every last man of the 8th and 12lh has a new rubber, while the 35th is almost desti- tute." Ever after during the service it was a common chal- lenge from the 35th to members of the other regiment when- ever they met : " Where'd you get that rubber ? " " Draw'd it, to be sure," was the stereotyped reply. On the night of July 7th the command bivouacked in a cornfield near Bolton. During the night it rained very hard, the creek overflowed and the whole field was covered with water. The men lying asleep between the corn rows were suddenly awakened to find water run- ning in on their blankets; they shifted to the top of corn rows only to find these under water, then, as a final resort 128 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY. they made a raid upon the fence and each man securing a rail, roosted for the remainder of the night. On the 8th the Fifteenth corps arrived at Clinton. Here the Ninth corps, commanded by General Parke, passed to the left taking a road to north of main road. This corps was composed of Eastern regiments that had come to Haines' Bluff during the seige of Vicksburg. They had not yet fallen into Western ways of campaigning but wore complete dress uniforms; carried heavy knapsacks and looked so decidedly worn out and jaded by their march in the dust and mud under a July sun, that our boys felt inclined to guy them and advised them to "shed" their good clothes, throw away their packs and cease to make mules of themselves. On the march from Bolton to Jackson the troops suf- fered from heat and for water to drink. The country is dependent almost entirely upon cisterns and water-holes for the water supply. These cisterns had been exhausted by Johnson's retreating army. His men had attempted to make the supply in water -holes unfit for our use by driving used- up mules and broken-down' horses into these holes and shooting them there. It was not an uncommon sight to see a soldier step upon the carcass of a mule and dip up water to make his coifee with. For a supply of drinking w^ater the system of "company water mule" was established. One man from each company was selected, whose duty it was to obtain a mule as best he could. He then took one-half of the canteens of the company and rode far enough out on the flanks of the army to find a cistern that had not been ex- hausted. From this he filled the canteens and returned to the company. He then took the other canteens and repeated the operation. In this w^ay keeping his company supplied with drinking water during the day. July 9, there was con- stant skirmishing with the enemy. The troops moved slowly forward and finally bivouacked, after midnight, very near to the entrenchments around Jackson. Early next morning the JACKSON, MISS. 129 line was closed around the city. The 9th corps on the left, the 15th corps in the center, and the 13 th corps on the right, the line extending from Pearl River above the city to the river below the city. The 12th went into position with its right resting on the main Jackson and Vicksburg road, and within range of a big gun mounted in the enemy's works. This gun sent an occasional shot screaching over us and finally succeeded in landing one in a camp kettle in which rations were being cooked for dinner. The squad standing around that fire, watching the cook, did not wait for an invitation to "get out of this," and all were thankful that it was a solid shot and that they escaped with the loss of a dinner and camp kettle. This squad was about as much surprised by the sudden spoiling of their dinner as was an- other one later, when camped near Vicksburg. They picked up some old shells which they supposed had burned out, and setting them on end, made a fire between them and put a ' camp kettle of beans on top. While they waited and watched "the pot boil" one of the shells got red and there was an ex- plosion that sent that kettle of beans a hundred feet high. That squad did not eat beans for dinner. July 1 1, the quartermaster, George H. Morisey, was sent out early in the morning with a detail of about twenty men from the brigade to collect forage. After loading the wagons with corn, at a plantation a few miles from camp, the detail started to return. As the train was strung out in a narrow lane with guards on either side of the wagons, a body of cavalry, dressed in blue, was seen coming from the direction of Jackson. Supposing this cavalry to be from our army no objection was made to its approach. As it reached the head of the wagon train it opened to the right and left, and continued along upon either side of the train until the guard was entirely surrounded. Then the mounted men sud- denly turning, presented revolvers at the heads of each guard and demanded his surrender. Taken at such disad- 130 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY vantage and only then discerning that their assailants were rebels the guard surrendered. The captors cut the mules from the wagons, mounted their prisoners upon the mules and hurried them away as rapidly as possible. Of those captured the following were from the Twelfth Iowa: Quartermaster George H. Morisey, Sergt. Charles Cook, Jr. , Company E; Corp. I. B. S. Isted, Company B; Corp. G. E. Comstock, Company C; P. W. Coolidge, Company F; Henry Briggs and Thomas Smith, Company H,; J. W. Zeigler, Company A. N. H. Spears, Company C, was of the party and while his captors were busy cutting the mules loose, Spears climbed upon the fence as if to rest. When ordered down and fired upon, he fell off the fence backwards; rolled into the corn out of sight, then made his way through the fields to camp where he reported the capture. Next morning the regiment was ordered out as guard for a forage train and to reconnoiter. The abandoned wagons were found and brought in, but nothing was seen of Confederate force. July 15, General Tuttle reported sick, and Colonel Woods was assigned to the command of the 3d division. He re- mained in command of the division until October. During that time the brigade was commanded by Colonel Geddes of the 8th Iowa. After dark, July 15, the 3d division was moved to the right, where it relieved Osterhaus' division of the 13th corps. On the 16th the regiment was deployed as skir- mishers and pushed forward until it became actively engaged; Lt. H, C. Morehead, Company D, was wounded. There was at that time heavy firing further to the right where a charge was made by our forces under General Lauman, which was repulsed with severe loss. At daybreak on the 17th we dis- - covered that the works in our front were abandoned, and the City of Jackson was very soon in our possession. Tuttle's division was moved to the left and put into camp near the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, and was assured that it would remain BRANDON 131 several days for rest. Shelter tents were accordingly set up a little more in order than usual, and camp established with such little arrangements for comfort and enjoyment as could be procured in the vicinity. As a regiment, our hopes of rest were soon blighted by orders to report to General Steele in light marching order with three days' rations in haversacks. Steele had been ordered with a selected force of about 5,000 men to reconnoiter across Pearl River towards Meridian and break up any camps of the enemy disposed to linger too near Jackson. Of our brigade, the 8th and 12th were selected, and with the 72nd Ohio and 114th Illinois, orga- nized temporarily as a brigade, and commanded by Colonel Geddes of the 8th Iowa. This command moved out of Jack- son about 3 o'clock on the afternoon of the 18th; crossed Pearl River, and bivouacked for the night three miles out, where a large hospital had been established by the Confed- erates. Many of their sick and wounded, together with some of our men, wounded and captured when General Lauman had made his charge, were found in this hospital. Our men, who were able to be moved, were sent into Jackson, and the enemy's sick and wounded were provided with necessary sup. plies and left as we found them. Sunday morning, the 19th, the march was continued until about noon, when the enemy was developed in consid- erable force near Brandon, where he had planted a battery commanding the road so perfectly that the first shot fired, from a distance of over a mile, passed just over the heads of the marching column and killed a mounted orderly in the road. The troops were immediately deployed to right and left into cornfields, where standing corn was above the heads of the men, and were ordered forward in battle line. The position of the 12th was to the right of the road, in front line. The weather was very warm, not a breath stirring in the corn, and many men were overcome with heat. The line 132 TWELF TH REGIMENT 10 IVA INFANTR V. advanced under artillery fire until we were about to the point of musket range, when the enemy abandoned his guns and retired through the town. A sudden thunder shower came up just at that time and gave our army a thorough drench- ing, but had one good effect in reviving some of the men who had been exhausted by the heat. Our force advanced and bivouacked in the center of the town of Brandon, occupying the four sides of Seminary square. As we were the first Union soldiers to visit the town our coming created consid- erable excitement and no little curiosity among the ladies of the place. Some of them, after viewing the soldiers through closed blinds, came out on the porch and became interested in a section of artillery planted in the street. One of them was heard to remark : "I wish they would fire it, I'd like to hear it." The appearance of a squad of the enemy's cavalry in a distant field gave the commander of the battery a pre- text for satisfying that desire, and he quietly ordered the gunner to send a shell over there. The shock of the dis- charge shattered the window glass and sent the curious ones screaming into the house, their curiosity fully satisfied. The next day the command returned to Jackson, destroy- ing the railroad all the way. We remained in Jackson until July 23d, when the place was evacuated and Sherman's Army returned by easy marches to its former position on the west side of Black River. The 12th moved into its pleasant camp near Bear Creek, and entered upon, and enjoyed a rest which its constant and arduous duties during the hot summer had so justly earned. Furloughs were liberally granted, and many who had felt the severe strain of the campaign that had taxed their health severely, went home for thirty days, and returned at the end of that time recuperated and ready for further service. A letter written by one of Sherman's boys to his mother, August 9, 1863, gives a good idea of life in camp as it was then enjoyed : CAMP A T BE A R CREEK 1 33 "We are pleasantly located at Camp Sherman, on the main road from Vlcksburg to Bridgeport, on Black River, about twenty miles from Vicksburg and four miles from Black River. Would you like to visit the camp? Let me direct you. Riding out from Vicksburg, you will observe three clusters of tents, arranged in regular order, with parallel streets of equal length and width. The "village of tents " on the left of the road is the camp of the 12th Iowa; the one on the right, the camp of the 8th Iowa, and the one a little farther on is the camp of the 35th Iowa — the three regiments forming the iJd brigade of 3d division of 15th army corps of Army of the Tennessee. Turning to the left, where you see tents marked " Co. — ," you may pass down the bi'oad, shady street to its end, where a single tent stands under a large tree. Walk in, for here you will have a hearty welcome from "your boy." The tent is raised about two feet from the ground; open at both ends for free circulation of air. In the center is a writing desk, with books and papers; on either side are bunks made of woven cane-brake, set up on forked stakes. These are, indeed, the luxuries of camp which are greatly enjoyed after four months of almost constant sleeping on the ground; and that, too, without removing the clothing and much of the time without unfasten- ing belts. It is a fact that from May 2, when we left Duckport, to July 27, when we returned to this camp, we did not lie down at night without a prospect of being called into line by the " long roll " before morning. Very often has the command, "Fall in quickly! " roused the sleeping ones, and quick as thought almost the sleeping host was converted into a frowning battle line. But you were viewing our home. Just back of the tents, under a " fly," the dinner table is always " set " very perma- nently on stakes driven into the ground; poles on the stakes and barrel staves nailed to the poles completed the outfit. Our "cullud boy" is pre- paring dinner, and we see codfish and potatoes, hot biscuit, hard bread, butter (very strong; one pound has been enough for four of us two weeks), peach sauce, pickles, regulation coffee, concentrated milk, fresh honey, etc. You will observe that the camp is perfectly clean; trhe streefs are swept every morning, the dirt put into wagons and hauled away. We have had Sunday morning inspection, at which the men all turned out in full uniform, with guns polished, shoes blackened, and everything in order. The men have recovered from the severe strain of the summer campaign, and are looking and feeling splendid and enjoying this splen- did camp as well as a soldier could wish." While at Camp Sherman Lieutenant Colonel Edgington, who had been in command of the regiment most of the time since April, resigned August 6, and left for his home. Major J. H. Stibbs assumed command of the regiment and was, 134 TWELFTH REGIMEN! IOWA INFANTRY. soon after, commissioned Lieutenant Colonel, and Captain E. M. Van Duzee of Company I, was promoted Major of the regiment. The months of August and September were passed very pleasantly in camp with little of duty except the usual routine of picket and occasional scouting party to keep down a few guerillas that were prowling around and required watching. During this time the men who were prisoners from Shiloh obtained commutation of rations for the time they were prisoners of war. The settlement of these accounts was in the hands of Lieutenant Reed, who made numerous trips to division and corps headquarters and to the chief commissary in Vicksburg before money was finally paid. In this camp we inaugurated the plan of Regimental Bakery. Ovens were built, a baker detailed; flour substi- tuted for hard bread and the regiment well supplied with good light bread in place of mouldy hard tack or leathery slap jacks. This plan inaugurated at Camp Sherman was m kept up during service, and brick ovens were built imme- diately at every camp occupied by the regiment thereafter. September 16 the regimental camp was moved to Harris plantation, but when it was found that this scattering of the forces left all too much exposed, the regiment was, on the 18th, returned to Bear Creek. About September 27, the other divisions of the loth corps were ordered to Chatta- nooga, leaving the 3d division alone in charge of the line along Black River. This separatien virtually closed our service with the loth corps. A few weeks later we were ordered to Chattanooga and were on the way there, when General Sherman, in his haste, picked up a division of the 16th corps, guarding railroad from Memphis to Florence, and took it with him to Chattanooga and left our division to take the place of the railroad guards. Later we were regularly assigned to the 16th army corps. Tuesday, October 13, was election day in Iowa, and all BLACK RIVER 135 Iowa soldiers were allowed to participate. The 12th Iowa cast 236 votes for Governor, of which Stone received 213 votes, Tattle 23. In the 8th Iowa Stone received 252, Tuttle 11, in the 35th Iowa Stone 211, Tuttle 124. On Thursday morning, October 15, our summer camp was broken up and our division, under command of General Mower, and one division of the 17th corps, commanded by General Logan, and one brigade of cavalry, about 12,000 men in all, were ordered out to investigate a rebel force said to be massing near Canton. We marched to Brownsville, twenty-three miles, the first day without opposition. The -next day the march was continued towards Canton. The advance encountered cavalry and continued to akirmish with it all day, making a march of only six miles. Saturday the rebels were encountered in force with infantry and artillery, occupying a commanding position. The entire day was occupied in dislodging them, and we camped at night, during a hard rain storm, upon the ground the rebels had occupied. Sunday we turned south to Clinton, thence eastward, and at night camped upon the celebrated battlefield of Baker's Creek or Champion Hills. As soon as our force turned back the rebels followed, and continually an- noyed the rear guard and flankers, indeed during the march Monday from Baker's Creek to Black River they stirred us up right lively, and the 12th put in a very hard day as train guard, helping the wagons over bad places in the road, then marching double quick while the train was closing up. We arrived at Black River bridge on the 19th, and on the 20th went into camp at Clear Creek, nine miles from Vicksburg. The next day our tents were brought out, and we established "Camp Hebron,"' where we made things com- fortable, many building fireplaces in their tents, desiring to be comfortable while they stayed, and some expecting that possibly we might find this our winter camp. At least thQ Vicksburg campaign was at an end. 136 TWELFTH REGIMENT 10 WA INFANTR Y. The following are all of the official reports of said cam- paign, which are deemed to be of particular interest. General Halleck, referring to Vicksburg, says: When we consider the character of the country in which this army operated, the formidable obstacles to be overcome, the number of the enemy's forces, and the strength of his works, we cannot fail to admire the courage and endurance of the troops and the skill and daring of their commander. No more brilliant exploit can be found in military history. General Grant's official report of the Vicksburg cam- paign says the results of the campaign are: * * * The defeat of the enemy in five battles outside of Vicks- burg; the occupation of Jackson, the capital of the state of Mississippi; and the capture of Vicksburg and its garrison and munitions of war; a loss to the enemy of 37,000 prisoners, among them fifteen general officers; at least 10,000 killod and wounded — among the killed Generals Tracy, Tilghman and Green, and hundreds, and perhaps thousands, of strag- glers who can never be collected and reorganized. Arms and munitions of war for an army of 60,000 men have fallen into our hands, besides a large amount of other public property, consisting of railroads, locomo- tives cars, steamboats, cotton, etc., and much was destroyed to prevent our capturing it. Gen. C. L. Mathias, commanding brigade at Jackson, May 14th, says: * * * I take pleasure in commending Lieutenant Colonel Edg- ington of the 12th Iowa, Major Palmer of the 8th Iowa, and Major O'Conner of the 3oth Iowa, for the prompt and energetic manner with which they placed their skirmishers into the rifle pits before Jackson, and were the first officers from our corps who entered that city. The cheerfulness with which the officers and men of that noble bri- gade endured fatigue and marched under so many privations, and the eagerness with which they faced the enemy, cannot but command the highest praise from us. Report of Col. J. J. Woods, 12th Iowa, commanding 3d brigade : Camp Bear Creek, Miss., July 20, 1863. Sir: I have the honor herewith to submit the following report of operations and casualties in 3d brigade in campaign at Jackson, Miss.: We left our camp in vicinity of Trible's and Young's July 4; crossed the Big Black at Messenger's July 6. We continued to advance until REPORTS 137 July 10, when we halted near Jackton, in rear of our batteries. On the 11th Lieutenant Dugan, Acting Assistant Quartermaster of the brigade, while out with a foraging party, was attacked by the enemy's cavalry, and received two wounds, and most of his party were captured. We remained in the position taken on the 10th, without further casualties, although many of the enemy's shells fell among us, until the Ifjth, when we moved to the right and front, the division relieving General Oster- haus On the following day, in pursuance of orders, we advanced our skirmishers and met a warm reception from the enemy, and had several wounded — one mortallv. The following night we labored all night placing the 2d Iowa bat- teiy in position and improving the infantry defense. On the morning of the 17th we found the enemy had evacuated, and that afternoon moved north of the Clinton road, On the ISth, the Eighth and Twelfth, under Colonel Geddes of the Eighth, in conjunction with other forces, started on an expedition to Brandon. On the 19th they had a short en- gagement with the enemy, in which Sergeant Duncan of the Eighth was killed and a few men wounded. They destroyed several miles of railroad track and the railroad buildings at Branden, and returned on the 20th. On the 23d the brigade took up the line of march and arrived at presenf camp July 26. * * * Lieutenant Colonel Edginton, commanding the 12th Iowa, was prompt and efficient in the performance of his duties, showing he was worthy to command. * * * Lieutenant Reed was always on hand when required, and Lieutenant Duncan, Acting Assistant Adjutant Gen- eral, and Lieutenant Morse. Acting Aid de Camp, were always prompt in the discharge of the duties devolving upon them. Without further par- ticularizing, the officers and men performed their duties in a commend- able manner. Surgeon Huflf, chief surgeon of the brigade, was always attentive to the sick and wounded, as were all the other surgeons con- nected with the brigade. Yours very respectfully, J. J. Woods, Commanding 3d Brigade, 3d Division, 15th Army Corps. Report of Colonel Geddes : Jackson, Miss., July 21, 1863. Captain: I have the honor to report the part taken by the forces under my command in the expedition to Brandon, Miss., which left Jackson July 18, 1863, consisting of the 8th and 12th Iowa, 72d Ohio, 114th Illinois, with Captain Waterhouse's battery. Crossing Pearl river on the night of July 18 we bivouacked on the road to Brandon. On the morning of the 19th I resumed the march. 1 38 TWELF TH RE GIMENT 10 WA INFANTR Y forcing- the enemy's pickets to retire as we advanced. On arriv- ing within three miles of Brandon, and as the head of the col- umn was debouching from a wood, the enemy opened fire from a battery of three guns planted immediately in the road and distant about one mile, at the same time making cavalry demonstrations on my flank. Forming the 12th Iowa under Lt. Col. Edgington on the right, the 8th Iowa under Major Stubbs on the left, the others in support, I or- ordered the brigade moved forward for half a mile under severe and con- tinuous fire. Previous to the advance I ordered Capt. Waterhouse to take position in the road, but the distance was so great that their fire could barely reach the point where the enemy's battery was placed, while their rifled guns threw shot and shell into my position with great accuracy. The deep dykes running across the fields made the advance of artillery with the line impossible, consequently they continued their fire from first position, which had the eifect of dividing their fire as the infantry advanced. The advance was made through an open field in admirable order, not a man wavered, each regiment marching in line of battle with as much precision as if on review, and the coolness and eflBciency dis- played by regimental commanders on the occasion renders them much credit. After engaging the enemy two hours they were driven from their positions, retiring through Brandon, with a loss of 31 killed and wounded and 40 prisoners. On the morning of the 20tb, after destroying two miles of railroad, the brigade returned to this place. I am, sir, etc., J. L. Geddks, Colonel 8th Iowa, Commanding Brigade. Report of Lt. Col. Edgington : Headquarters 12th Iowa Infantry, July 27, 1863. . . . July 11: Sen "^ out foraging party. Had three teams and nine men captured about five miles from camp, one man escaped, two of the wagons with contents burned, one wagon recaptured. July 12: Twelfth Iowa ordered out as guard for foraging train con- sisting of 50 wagons, returned in the evening. July 18: Marched at 6 P. M. under orders for Brandon. July 19: Continued the march, 12th Iowa in advance, Company B as skirmishers. About five miles from Brandon, artillery fired upon us from the front. The regiment formed in line of battle on right of road and advanced slowly over very difficult ground, the field being intersected with ditches 8 or 10 feet deep, with briars and bushes on either side, REPORTS 139 Coming to open field the other regiments halted and the 12th advanced, to a wood where the rebel battery had been planted, and passed through a dense thicket going through a rebel camp and capturing an ambulance and some prisoners. After going through the woods, entered and took possession of Brandon. All of which is respectfully submitted. S. R. Edgington, Lt. Col. Commanding 12th Iowa. CHAPTER X. Chewalla, Tenn. — Re-enlistment— Veteran Fur- lough. November, 18G3, to May, 1864. Friday evening, November 6, 1863, an order was received for our division to break camp at Hebron and join the 15th corps on the road to Chattanooga. Early next morning the regiment marched into Viclcsburg and embarked on Steamer Thomas E. Tutt for "Up the river." On this trip, lor the first time in all our travels, there was but the one regiment on the boat and there was no crowding. We appreciated the luxury of having room to spread our blankets and thoroughly enjoyed the trip to Memphis, where we arrived at 11 A. M. Thursday the 12th and disembarked with orders to take cars for Chattanooga. While waiting the transportation we went into camp in the suburbs of the city where we supposed that we were entirely removed from "War's Alarms," but during the night an affair just outside the lines, between a foraging party and a guerrilla band caused an alarm ; the drums beat the long roll and we were out in line again at 3 o'clock in the morning and remained until daylight before the true cause of the alarm was ascertained. We waited for railroad transportation until the 18th, when an order was issued which recited the inability of the railroad to get cars, and directed the division to march to La Grange, 50 miles. With such camp equipage and bag- gage as could be carried upon two wagons the regiment left Memphis on the 19th, and on the third day, Saturday, bivouacked on College Hill, La Grange, Tenn. A division of the 16 th corps had been stationed along the CHE WALLA Ul railroad from Memphis to Corinth. The delay, in obtaining transportation for our division, compelled General Sherman, who was making heroic efforts to relieve the army besieged at Chattanooga, to take the division, from guard duty along the railroad with him, and leave our division to take its place as railroad guards. Under these orders division headquar- ters was established at La Grange ; brigade headquarters at Pocahontos, and the 12th Iowa was assigned to garrison the post at Chewalla, a few miles west of Corinth. On Monday, the 23rd, the regiment, with its baggage and horses in box cars and the men on top, proceeded to its new station, which was found to be a mere sidetrack without depot or other buildings, and having no importance except that there were several railroad bridges in the vicinity. The 3rd Michigan cavalry had built a strong stockade and rough log barracks on high ground near the station. We moved in and occupied these barracks at once and Lieut. Col. Stibbs assumed command of "Post at Chewalla." The duty assigned the regiment was the guarding of the several crossings of the Tuscumbia river, the most important being the railroad bridge 4^ miles west of the station. At this bridge, and some other important stations, the guard was usually composed of an entire company, sent out fully equipped, and with rations to serve three or four days. At the end of that time it was relieved by another company for a like tour of service. These guards were frequently attacked by guerrillas and bridge burners, and they had several interesting company engagements. On the night of November 30th Company P, was attacked but repelled the enemy, and captured a horse and saddle and three guns. The attacking party succeeded in burning a small culvert which delayed the trains a few hours. December 29th Companies G, and I, were sent out on scout beyond our pickets. They attacked a detachment of Confederates and killed one, wounded five and captured four- teen men with horses and equipments. The affairs is told by 142 TIVEL FTH REGIMENT 10 WA IN FA NTRY Captain Zediker as "Skirmish at Goose Creek, Miss.," as follows : On the 28th of December, 1863, our Tennessee scouts came in and reported that a rebel lieutenant on furlough was in the vicinity of Che- walla, Tenn. Accordingly at 4 o'clock P. M., Captain Sumbardo, in command of Companies I and G, marched through the stockade with a number of scouts to search out the lieutenant. About twenty of our number were mounted. We crossed the Tuscumbia river, and marched southward, crossing the Tennessee line into Mississippi. The night was dark, and the roads muddy, but we continued marching, searching houses, etc., occasionally capturing a suspicious character, until near morning, when we heard of a dance in the vicinity, and with increased speed pressed on eager to catch the prey. At 5 o'clock A. M., December 29th, we found ourselves within hearing of the music, and cautiously surrounding the premises we closed in upon the buildings, but the rebels, discovering our approach, broke out through doors and windows, some with and some without arms, and for several moments a sharp and lively fire was kept vip without, while the deafening screams of females were heard within. Finally they surrendered, and the excitement being partially quelled we learned the following results of our expedition: One rebel killed, five wounded, and fourteen captured. Avith several valuable cavalry horses, arms, etc. Among the captured were a captain and a lieutenant. We arrived at camp at 9 o'clock A. M., 29th, with nineteen prisoners in all, and were highly complimented upon our success. Our loss was none, much to the chagrin of the furloughed rebels. I remain general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, James F. Zediker, Captain Company I, 12th Iowa V. V. Infantry. A large force of the enemy attacked the brigade line at Pocahontas, December 3rd and 4th, and succeeded in making some serious breaks in the railroad. The attacking party was repulsed and driven off after several spirited engage- ments lasting two days. Like attacks made at Moscow and other points along the line, cut off our supplies for a few days and interrupted our communications. In June, 1863, a General Order was issued by the War Department, offering inducements of furlough, bounty, etc., to the two year men whose term of service was about to RE-ENLISTMENT 143 expire, if they would re-enlist for three years. Afterwards the same offers were made to all troops that had served over two years. It was further provided that if two thirds of a regiment re-enlisted it might retain its organization, and be mustered as a regiment of Veteran Volunteers. Several meetings were held by the members of the 12th to consider this matter, and on Christmas day the required two-thirds of the regiment agreed to re- enlist for three years or during the war. On the 5th day of January, 1864, they were duly mus- tered into the United States service as 12th Iowa Veteran Volunteer Infantry. On the Roster of the Regiment pub- lished herewith, the names of those re-enlisting are marked with a star. About the 25th of January orders were received to abandon all posts on M. & C. R. R. At 1 o'clock on morning of Tuesday the 26th the regiment, after setting lire to bar- racks, loaded the camp equipage upon freight train, and with men on top, as usual, started for Memphis, where it arrived about dark and passed the night upon the railroad platform or on freight cars about the yards. The next morn- ing we went on board Steamer Delaware under orders to join General Sherman at Vicksburg for an expedition to the interior. The lack of boats for the whole brigade delayed us at the wharf several days, and gave the paymaster an opportunity to distribute two months' pay to each member of the regiment. An event, in the army as elsewhere, of suf- ficient importance to be noted. On Monday, February 1st, we started down river, land- ing in Vicksburg at 10 o'clock on Wednesday the 3rd after a pleasant, quick trip. On the 4th we marched to Black River bridge, where we went into camp as reserve and guard to the communication, while Sherman made his march to Meridian and return. One regiment of our brigade — 33rd Mo. — which had been recently assigned to the brigade, went as far as Jackson, and returned with Pontoon bridge — prisoners — 144 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY. wounded, etc. We remained in camp just one month, in which time company, regimental and brigade drills were ordered and were kept up, twice a day, with great diligence, during our stay. This drill served to break in some new recruits and rub off the rust of one year constant campaign- ing with little drill. March 4th Sherman's army returned from Meridian and we marched to Vicksburg and went into camp on Walnut Hills, near the position we occupied during the siege. On the 6th the following order — the original in the possession of the writer — was received with much rejoicing in tlie camps of the veterans : Special Field Order. ) Headquarters 16th Army Corps, No. 14. s Vicksburg, Miss., March (i, 18(i4. V. Three-fourths of the 8th Iowa Vols., 12th Iowa Vols., and 11th Mo. Vols, having- re-enlisted as Veteran Volunteei's, they are hereby ordered to proceed to Memphis, Tenn., where the arms, ordnance stores and other pi^operty will be turned over, when the regi- ments will proceed, with their officers, to their respective states. The 8th and 12th Iowa to Davenport, Iowa. * * * there reporting through the Governor of the State, to the Supt. of recruiting service, for 30 days, furlough. The men who have not re-enlisted as Veterans will be assigned, temporarily to other regiments. By order of Maj. Gen. S. A. Hvirlbut. T. H. Harris, A. A. G. Under this order Colonel Woods assumed command of his regiment, transferred the non- veterans to the 35th Iowa, and with the veterans took passage March 7th on Steamer Min- nehaha for Memphis, where the regiment arrived March 12th. Here the following order, the original in Colonel Woods own writing, on file with writer, was isssued : Speciat. Order, \ Headquarters 12th Iowa Inft. V. V. No. 1. \ Memphis, Tenn., Mch. 12th, 18(54. In order to comply with special order No 57 — Head- quarters of 10th A. C. of this date, Adjt. N. E. Duncan, 12th Iowa Infan- try, is hereby detailed with men to remain in Memp lis, Tenn., until the ordnance and other stores, belonging to the Regiment, are turned over. After which they will immediately proceed to Iowa in pursuance of Special Field Order No. 14. Hd. Qrs. 16th A. C, dated March Gth, 1864. J. J. Woods, Col. Comdg. VETERAN FURLOUGH 1+5 Landing the stores referred to at Memphis, the regiment remained on the Minnehaha and proceeded up the river. The old boat had been in service so long that it was very near a vi^reck, and it soon became evident that the owners had deter- mined that it should be finished up while it was being used by the government. At least the old tub ran aground at every possible opportunity. The officers and crew in charge would make pretended efforts to shove her off by using spars, and the men, who were all anxious to get home, would get ashore, attach hausers and pull the boat off the bar. Several times they succeeded in getting the thing afloat, but at last she stuck fast and resisted all efforts to move her. Some of the officers of the regiment boarded a passing steamer, went to Cairo and secured another boat, the Island City, which took the regiment off the wreck. The old Minnehaha was left sticking in the mud. About a year afterwards the owners of the boat filed a claim against the 12th Iowa for the price of the boat, claiming that she had been injured and disabled by the men of the regiment. The claim was pending for some time. The regiment did not pay the bill, whether the Gov- ernment did or not we do not know. Without further inci- dent the regiment proceeded to St. Louis, where a committee of citizens came on board and gave the whole regiment an invitation to a banquet, specially prepared by the citizens at one of the halls in the city for the regiment in honor of its re enlistment. The invitation was accepted, with special thanks to the people of St. Louis. The passage up the river was continued on the Island City to Davenport, Iowa, where we arrived March 22nd. From there thirty day furloughs were granted to all the veteran members of the regiment. We will not attempt to follow the individual members to their respective homes, nor record the many pleasant greet- ings received as the veteran companies returned to the towns from which they were originally enlisted. We know that public receptions and banquets were the order of the day, 146 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY. and that the boys were so lionized that many young men caught the war fever and enlisted for the war and enrolled their names with the 12th Iowa Veterans, and when fur- loughs expired each company returned with new recruits added to the role, and all were filled with new vigor for the further activities of the service. CHAPTER XL Tupelo — Oxford — Price's Raid Through Arkansas AND Missouri — May to December, 1864. On the day the furloughs expired, April 25th, the men reported for duty, and on the 28th the regiment left Daven- port, by rail, for Cairo, where it arrived on the 29th, and next day embarked on Steamer Luminary for Memphis, where it reported for duty May 2nd and was at once armed and equipped for field service and ordered into camp just outside the city limits. The original requisition for arms, signed by Colonel Woods May 2nd, 1864, is in possession of the writer. It gives the number of men to be armed as follows: "Sergeants, 40; corporals and privates, 395; total, 435." And ask for "435 Springfield rifled muskets, cal. 58, model 1861." The requisition is approved by Brig. Gen. R. P. Buckland, Com- manding Post. And by Maj. Gen. C. C. Washburn, Com- manding Dist. of West Tennessee. On the 16th day of May, Companies A, B, C, D, F and H, under command of Lt. Col. Stibbs, were detailed for duty to garrison post at the mouth of White river, Ark. The other four companies remaining on duty at Memphis under com- mand of Major Van Duzee. The detachment, for mouth of White river, arrived at its destination May 17 th and went into camp on the bank of the Mississippi river. These com- panies of 12th Iowa were the only troops at the station, and as the camp was almost entirely surrounded by an impene- trable swamp it had little to do except to fight mosquitoes. 1 48 T IV EL FTH RE GIMEN T 10 WA IN FA N TR ) '. At the end of two weeks four companies returned to Mem- phis, leaving Companies A, and F, to garrison the post. June lltb all the forces in Memphis and vicinity were turned out to witness the public execution of three men of the 2nd N. J. cavalry. These men had been tried by court martial and sentenced to be shot. The order of the court was carried out, on open ground near Fort Pickering, where the army was drawn up, en masse, forming three sides of a square. The condemned persons were marched around the square and then blindfolded and seated on their coffins in center of open side of square. At a signal given, the shoot- ing detail fired, killing all the prisoners instantly. The army was then marched, in open order, past the corpses as they lay across their coffins, and the supposed lesson and warning, against future offences, had been fully given. During the time the veterans were on furlough the non- veterans of the regiment, serving with the 35th Iowa, par- ticipated in all the battles of that blundering campaign, known as the Red River expedition, in which General Banks and his part of the army was saved from destruction by the troops sent him by General Sherman, under the command of General A. J. Smith. These troops Banks had contempt- uously styled " Smith's Guerrillas," because, foresooth, they were not so elegantly dressed as his "Band Box Soldiers." The appellation, "Smith's Guerrillas,'" seemed to suit the rough and ready old grey beard and his equally rough and ready men, and he, and they, accepted the name; clung to it with pride to the end of the war, and made that nick-name one of honor in the army. The record of the Red River expedition as condensed from the reports of Col. Hill, com- manding the brigade is about as follows: The brigade, consisting of 35th Iowa, 33rd, Missouri, and detachments of the 8th and 12th Iowa, was with General Mower at the capture of FortDe Russy, March 14th; marched to Alexandria, La., where it arrived March 17th; left Alex- RED RIVER EXPEDITION 149 andria at 6:30 A. M., March 21st, and marched 22 miles to Bayou Rapides, where the enemy was entrenched; crossed the Bayou at right of enemy's position; marched 8 miles through swamps and dense pine forest, and at 10:30 P. M. captured eight picket posts in succession without firing a gun or causing an alarm, and at midnight surprised and cap- tured the enemy's camp at Henderson Hill, taking 222 pris- oners, 4 pieces of artillery with cassions, horses and equip- ments complete. The brigade returned to Alexandria with prisoners on the 23d. April 9th, 1864, the brigade was engaged in the battle of Pleasant Hill when it lost very heavily. The 12th Iowa had three men wounded: Robert L. Weeden, Co. F; Hans Hanson and George Kittleson, Co. G. It participated in the battles of Mansura, La., May 16; Yellow Bayou, May 17; Bayou De Glaize, May 18, and Old River Lake — or Lake Chicot — Ark. , June 6th. In this last engagement Frederick Hickathier, Co. K, was wounded. The reports of Adjt. Genls. Office, U. S. A., gives: "One man of 12th Iowa Mlled at Lake Chicot, but does not give the name. Smith's command returned to Memphis June 10th and the 12th Iowa was assigned to its old place in the 3d brigade, 1st division, 16th A. C. The 8th Iowa was assigned to provost duty in Memphis and its place in the brigade was taken by the 7th Minn. The writer has possession of the original order, No. 80, issued by General Mower, June 11th, 1864, assigning Col. J. J. Woods to the command of the 3d brigade, consisting of the 12th and 35th Iowa, 33d Mo., and 7th Minn. These regiments, brought together by this order, served in the same brigade continuously until the three non- veteran regiments were mustered out of service. In the early summer a Confederate force was being col- lected at Tupelo, Miss., for the purpose of raiding Sherman's communications in middle Tennessee. Sherman learned of this design upon the railroad in rear of his army and ordered 150 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY General Washburn to send out a force from Memphis to break up the Confederate camp, or at least to detain it west of the Tennessee river. Washburn organized a force consisting of Grierson's cavalry, three brigades of white infantry com- manded by Col. McMillan, two regiments of colored infantry and three batteries of artillery — about 8,000 men — and placed it under the command of Brig. Gen. Sturgis, with orders to break up the Confederate force or drive it away from the M. & O. railroad. Sturgis left Memphis about June 1st, and on the 10th, while marching his command along a narrow road, flanked by swamps, he was attacked near Guntown, Miss., by Forrest's cavalry and defeated in detail. The artil- lery and wagon train was stuck in the swamp and captured; the troops were demoralized and stampeded towards Mem- phis. To relieve these troops, and carry out Sherman's instructions, General A. J. Smith was ordered out with the 1st and 3d divisions of the 16th corps, organized as follows: 1st Division — Brig. Gen. J. A. Mower, Commanding. 1st Brigade, Col. McMillan, 114th 111., 93d Ind., 10th Minn., 72d and 93d Ohio, Cogswell's Bat. 2d Brigade, Col. Wilkins, 47th 111., 5th and 9th Minn., 11th Mo., 8th Wis., 2d Iowa Bat. 3d Brigade, Col. J. J. Woods, 12th and 35th Iowa, 7th Minn., 33d Mo. 4th Brigade (Detached portions of 17th Corps), 41st 111., 14th and 33d Wis., 6th Ind. Bat., 1st Mo. Bat. 3d Division — Colonel Moore, Commanding, 1st Brigade, Col. Murray, 58th, 119th and r22d 111., 89th Ind., 21st Mo., 9th Ind Bat. 2d Brigade, Col Gilbert, 14th, 27th and 32d Iowa, 24th Mo., 3d Ind. Bat 3d Brigade, Col. Wolf, 49th and 117th 111., 52d Ind., 178th N. Y., 2d III. Bat., 14th Ind. Bat. This force left Memphis June 18th on box cars, and arrived at Colliersville in the afternoon, where the track was found to be torn up, and the command was set to work build- ing railroad and repairing bridges. Eight companies of the 12th Iowa accompanied this expedition. Two companies — TUPELO 151 A and F — were on duty at White river. The road was com- pleted to La Grange on the 24th, and the command rested while supplies, etc., were brought forward and while the cavalry scouted to the south and afforded protection for Sturgis' men who were making their way back to Memphis. The negro regiments "had taken to the woods" and were hiding out rather than risk being captured. Many of them came into La Grange in a deplorable condition and told hard stories of the treatment received by some of their num- bers who were captured by Forrest's men. We celebrated the 4th by firing a national salute of 100 guns at 12 M., and next morning left the railroad and marched southeasterly via of Ripley and New Albany to Pontotoc, where we arrived on the 11th of July. This march of seven days under the hottest sun and in the deepest dust that we found in all our marching, was very trying to the men, and many suffered from sunstroke. Some new regiments found it impossible to keep up their organizations and their men were allowed to fall out of ranks and follow along as they could in the cooler part of the day. The 12th made a record of greatest endurance, by bringing more men to camp each night and in better order than any other regiment in the command. On the day we arrived at Pontotoc the enemy obstructed our advance and kept us skirmishing and marching in battle line most of the day. On the 12th most of the command rested all day in Pontotoc, the cavalry demonstrating towards Okolona. Early on the 13th the entire force was put in motion on the road, due south towards Okolona. When the cavalry was well out on the road, and the enemy concentrated in that direction, the infantry was suddenly turned east towards Tupelo, and the cavalry instructed to return and follow the infantry as rear guard. When Forrest discovered that Smith had turned towards Tupelo he ordered Buford's division to move on the right flank of the Union force and attack it wherever opportunities offered. The 12th Iow£ii 152 TWELFTH REGIMENT 10 WA INFANTR Y was assigned to position as train guard and was marched along the right flank of the train with flankers well out on that side. Fighting with rear guard commenced early in the day, but this did not delay the march until we reached Coonewar Creek at about 3 o'clock, when a force from the right made an attempt to capture the train. Bell's brigade of Buford's division, approached our line, through a dense thicket which entirely concealed them from sight, and suc- ceeded in capturing the flank guards — E. A. Butolph and Harmon Grass of Co. D — but not before the guards had given the alarm by firing their guns. At this alarm Lt. Col. Stibbs directed his Adjutant to ride out and investigate. The adjutant riding through the thick brush ran directly into the advancing line of the enemy. He took in the situation in time to turn his horse into a bridle path, leading diagonally back to the road, and, disregarding the orders to halt, spurred his horse down the path and out into the road, where he gave information of the com- ing attack. Lt. Col. Stibbs moved the regiment forward a few paces into a slight ravine, commanded the men to lie down, and then waited until the enemy was within a few paces, and had raised a yell at sight of the wagons, when Stibbs gave the order to fire. The deadly volley, poured so unexpectedly into the faces of the attacking forces stopped the advance, and a second volley sent them back into the brush. So completely was the enemy routed, that one of tne regiments left its flag lying on the ground where its bearer fell. Our regiment could not follow up its advantage — nor even gather up its trophies from the field — for at the moment of its complete victory an appeal came for help from a bat- tery which was likely to be captured, and the 12th went off double quick to its support and reached it just in time to save it from the hands of the enemy. The loss of the regiment was one killed, twelve wounded and one missing. One of the flankers. Grass — captured before the attack, escaped during TUPELO 153 the confusion of the fight and came rushing into our line, exposing himself to the fire from both sides. In the battle next day, Grass found, and recovered, from the hands of a dead Confederate, his gun that was taken from him when he was captured. Colonel Bell, commanding the Confederate brigade in this engagement, says in his official report: "The engagement continued but for a few minutes, dur- ing which we were under a hot fire. Our loss for the time we were engaged was very heavy."' The 2nd Tennessee, engaged immediately in front of the I2th Iowa, lost 46 killed and wounded, that were left on the field. The engagement is sometimes called "Battle of Coonewar Creek." After repelling the attack upon the train and relieving the battery, the regiment resumed the march in column, in center of the wagon train. Soon after starting forward, and while passing over a piece of corduroy road, with swamp on either side, a single gun of the enemy planted on rising ground to the right of the swamp, opened fire, and as rapidly as the gun could be loaded and discharged, sent a shot directly across the road. The battery was inaccessible because of the swamp, and was beyond the range of our Springfield muskets. To halt the train would be fatal; to move rapidly, impossible. The only thing to do was to move forward steadily, prevent a stampede of the train, and trust the head of the column to find a way around the swamp and drive the battery away. While the regiment was thus moving steadily forward, Chaplain Humphrey, who had joined the regiment a few days before, came riding to the front and looked squarely into the faces of the Colonel and Adjutant. When asked what was wanted, he replied: "I wanted to look into your faces to see if I could discover how veterans feel in bat- tle, and I want to know, Colonel, what my duties are in a case like this." He was told that he might report to the Surgeon and be ready to assist the wounded, Just then two 154 TWELFTH REGIMEN! IOWA INFANTRY. artillerymen were knocked, wounded, from their caisson. The Chaplain asked: "Would it be right for me to assist these men? " When told that it would be right, he got down from his horse and helped them into an ambulance. This was the Chaplain's initiation into the service. Colonel Stibbs says: "The Adjutant had noted the time between each discharge, and estimated the rate of march, and when the shot wounded the artillerymen, remarked: 'Colonel, at the pace we are marching, the next shot will take us.' Sure enough, the next shot was exactly over our heads, but, for- tunately, high enough to miss us." The next shot went through the ranks of Company D, killing John Nichols in- stantly. The head of the column reached Tupelo about 8 P. M., and took possession of the railroad depot and a small earthwork which had been thrown up by the Confederates. The Twelfth bivouacked, in line of battle, about two miles west of the town, near Harrisburg Post Office. Thursday morning, July 14, at 3 o'clock, we were called into line. As soon as it was light skirmishing commenced in our front, and the cavalry outposts were driven in. Our regimental line was formed in the woods, on the north of the Pontotoc road, with open fields in front. The right, Com- pany, B, was thrown back at right angles and connected with the 33d Missouri, which was to our right facing northwest. The 7th Minnesota and 35th Iowa were in reserve. A rail fence along our front was thrown down and the rails piled to form a slight protection for the men. In this position the attack of the enemy was received about 7 A. M., and was, from the first, desperate and deter- mined. Forrest's forces consisted of four divisions, com- manded by Chalmers, Buford, Roddy and Lyons. The point of attack selected by Forrest was along the north side of the Pontotoc road, directly upon the position occupied by the 12th Iowa. Buford's division had the advance. He says that he placad Mabry's brigade on the left of the Pontotoc TUPELO 155 road: the Kentucky brigade on the right of said road, and Bell's brigade in rear of Mabry's; and that Chalmers' divis- ion was in reserve. This arrangement brought Mabry's and Bell's brigade directly in front of the 12th Iowa, and the full force of the attack by these two brigades, and one bri- gade from Chalmers' division, sent to reinforce the others, fell upon the Twelfth. Standing behind the rail fence, our men could distinctly see the double lines of gray advancing BATTLE o^TUPELO July 14-. 15, i864. upon them across the open fields, and knew that they were to receive the full force of the attack, and that upon them was to depend the result of the battle. Holding their fire until the rebel line had advanced to a point within easy range, they opened fire with a coolness and accuracy which was only excelled by the rapidity with which they discharged ?ind reloaded their nauskets. Not a man wavered or fell 156 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY back; those killed or severely wounded lay where they fell, unheeded by comrades. Those less severely wounded, who were able to get to the rear unaided, left guns and cartridges with comrades; made their way as best they could to the hospital ; many of them returning to their place as soon as their wounds were dressed. The advancing rebels of Mabry's line were checked at about sixty yards distance, but instead of falling back, this front line sought shelter in ditches and behind a fenoe, and continued to pour in their fire, while Bell's brigade was brought up and urged forward to charge our line. Meeting with the same reception as the first. Bell's men were obliged to seek shelter with Mabry's or fly the field. By this time the ammunition of our men had been exhausted and many muskets were foul and unserviceable. The 7th Minnesota was ordered to relieve us while we went to the rear and replenished cartridge boxes and cleaned guns. After our guns were cleaned we returned to the front just in time to repel a charge from one of Chalmers' brigades. The repulse of that brigade was followed by an order for our brigade to charge. This order was obeyed, the 12th in advance. The charge swept the enemy from the field, our line following as far as Harrisburg. From that point one of our batteries continued to shell the retreating force until it was lost in the woods. This ended the fighting in our front that day. The regiment fell back to its original position where it cared for its wounded and buried its dead. This engagement, though scarcely mentioned or noticed in the accounts of battles, then being fought, by Sherman and elsewhere, was one of the most hotly contested, for the time it lasted, of any battle in which the 12th was engaged during the war. The total number of the regiment present, officers and men, was less than 300. The returns of June 30th show total present, including musicians and teamsters, to be 316. Against this handful of men, three brigades of Forrest's veterans had charged; been repulsed and retreated. TUPELO 157 leaving over 600 of their dead and severely wounded on the field. The kind of fighting that was done by the 12th is well shown by the Confederate reports. Col. H. P. Mabry commanding brigade, says: "On the 14th my command was placed on the left of Buford's divis- ion and formed a part of the first line to attack. The enemy's lines were extended across the road from Pontoac to Tupelo, near Harrisburg. In his front were large open fields with occasional small skirts of wood. The ground was gently undulating affording no protection to our troops. As soon as my troops advanced within range, the enemy opened on me a/ most terrific fire of small arms. I immediately orderd a charge, but the heat was great that many fell exhausted, while the fire of the enemy was so heavy and well directed that many were killed and wounded. At about 60 yards from the enemy's works, seeing that my line was too much weakened to drive the enemy, I halted and directed my men to protect themselves by lying down behind a low fence. I held this posi- tion until our second line came up to within about 100 yards of my rear, and was repulsed; when I gave orders to fall back. My loss was severe. All of my regimental, and nearly all my Company commanders of three regim,ents were killed or wounded.'''' Colonel Bell commanding 4th brigade says: "My brigade marched out before the enemy just in rear of Mabry's, which, after fighting for some time in front retired, leaving my brigade to take its place * * * . The officers and men maintained their position under a most galling fire until their ammunition was well nigh exhausted. And we were ordered to give way to another brigade, leav- ing many of our dead and wounded on the field. The place was truly a hot one, the loss of the brigade in officers and men was immense.^'' Mabry reports loss, killed, wounded and missing, 371. Bell reports his loss 400. Buford's division reports loss of 996. Loss in Chalmers' division is not given. The loss in 12th Iowa on the 14th: One officer and six men killed, thirty- nine wounded. The regimental dead were buried near where they fell, in a long deep grave, and the name of each deeply cut in a tree standing near the head of the grave. "Lying so silently, through night and through day; Moulding, and mingling their dust with the clay. They left home and kindred, at the call of the chief. And like reapers went into the harvest of death ! They shirked not stern duty, while shai'pnell and shell Crashed through their blue ranks like missiles of Hell !" 158 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY Lt. Burdick, acting Quartermaster, was killed in a very singular manner. He had ridden to the front with a case of cartridges to replenish the empty boxes of the men. After opening the case and distributing its contents, he stepped behind a tree, more than a foot in diameter, and was watching the fight from this apparently safe position, and holding his horse by the bridle. A solid shot, about three inches in diameter and five inches long, from a rebel gun, struck the tree, passed entirely through it, through Lt. Burdick and through his horse, and struck the ground a few feet beyond. No man in the field was, to all appearances, in as safe a position as Lt. Burdick, yet that chance shot found him and the life of a splendid young officer was quickly extinguished. The acting Adjutant, sitting on his horse near by, saw the casualty and was quickly at the spot but death had been instantaneous, and all that the Adjutant could do was to take charge of the Quartermaster's haversack, containing vouchers and important papers, and his sword, and leave his body to be buried when the battle was over. It may be of interest to some of the friends of the regiment to know that the solid shot which killed Lt. Burdick was picked up by the Adjutant and upon his return to Memphis, it was sent with the personal effects of the late Quartersmaster to Mrs. Burdick at Decorah, la. After the war Mrs. Burdick went to Tupelo with the intention of removing the body of her husband, but finding the grave carefully marked she decided to "let him rest in the grave where comrades had laid him." During the night preparations were made for the com- mand to return to Memphis — several of the men of our regi ment were so severely wounded that they could not be moved and arrangements were made to leave them in the hospital, with a detail of men to remain as nurses. Under this order H. R.. Andrews of Company B, and A:. H. C. Wintersteen of Company I, were detailed and ordered to remain in charge of the wounded. The original order mak- TUPELO 159 ing the detail, written with a pencil by moonlight upon a torn scrap of paper, is now in Andrews' possession, and is kept as a relic of a very unpleasant duty, performed for the wounded and dying comrades. When we remember that such a detail meant that these men should remain on the field when their regiment marched away ; that they would be taken prisoners by Forrest's men who had, by atrosities committed at Fort Pillow, and more recently at Guntown, made a repu- tation; that prisoners in their hands were liable to be very badly treated, if not murdered, we will understand better the courage and devotion to duty which constrained these men to accept such a detail without a murmur and quietly prepare to accept the fate that awaited them. It is a matter of record that the only protest made by them, when they reported for duty was: "Adjutant, we dislike to be detailed for such duty when we would have gladly volunteered, and we only ask you to take back the order and let the record show that we volunteered." When it was explained to them that the written order might be useful for their protection they quietly accepted the detail, remained with and cared for their wounded comrades; no doubt saving the lives of some of them. They reported afterwards that the written order caused them to be treated as nurses, and not as pris- oners of war, and that when their services were no longer needed they were released and came into our lines at Vicks- barg, where they received the approval of their comrades and were entitled to the medal of honor for services that were as valiant as the charging of batteries. The wounded left on the field at at Tupelo were: Sergeant Emery Clark, Co. C; Soren A. Sorenson, Co. G, died July 7; Sergeant V. V. Price, Co. H, died July 28; Phillip Henry, Co. H, arm amputated; Sergeant J. W. Cotes, Co. I; Corporal J. F. Wilson, Co. I, died July 22; Corporals William Kohler and John Devine, Co. I; and James Dilion, Co. K, died July 28th. On the morning of July 15th, General Smith, having accomplished his mission of breaking up the enemy's 160 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY camp at Tupelo; destroying the railroad communication which the rebels were seeking to re establish between Mobile and Chattanooga, commenced the return march to Memphis. Mower's division was deployed to cover the retreat, and while the other troops, the ambulance, and ammunition train were getting off constant skirmishing was going on between the rebels and skirmishers of our division. Forrest was evidently aware that a part of the force had moved away and was seeking an opportunity to strike a detached part of the Union forces. When the other troops were across Old Town Creek Mower commenced the with- drawal of his division, by first sending away all non-com- batants and all men not able to make long, rapid march. Then assigning the 3rd brigade as rear guard, he started the balance of his division towards Old Town Creek. The rebels immediately pressed their forces up to our lines. Then instead of falling back. Colonel Woods ordered a charge by his whole brigade. This charge put the rebel forces to rout. They were again followed to Harrisburg when Woods about faced his brigade and marched it, as rapidly as possible, ten miles to Old Town Creek. The rebels recovering from their rout commenced pursuit, and, attempting to attacd our rear as we crossed the creek, were met by the 1st and 2nd bri- gades of our division, and the 2nd brigade of the 3rd division, and after a short, sharp engagement were thoroughly worsted and put to flight. Their defeat was so complete that no further attempt was made to harrass us during our return march to Memphis. General Forrest was wounded while directing this fight at Old Town Creek. The loss in the 12th in this day's fighting was one killed and three wounded. The regiment bore a conspicuous part in all the engage- ments of the three days' fighting at Tupelo. Each day it had occupied the place in the line where the principal attack was made, and so gallantly withstood every charge that it TUPELO 161 received the especial commendation of General Smith and the whole army. Ingersoll in his "Iowa and the Rebellion," speaking of the 12th Iowa at Tupelo says: "On the 13th of July this regiment, being- at the time guard to the train, was attacked by a brigade of rebels, eager for victory and plunder, and thinking they could be easily gained from the inferior foi'ce opposed to them. But never were men more mistaken. The regiment stood like a wall from which the charge of the troopers rebounded, as though springing from a consuming conflagration. No small force repelled a large force more bravely, comj^letely and successfully during the war. In the subsequent fighting of this brilliant campaign, wherein the rebels were thoroughly defeated and I'outed, the regiment bore a prominent part, fighting all the time with marked gallantry and efficiency, loosing heavily in killed and wounded, and at the close of the extended conflict receiving the special commendation of the General commanding the army. It is unquestionably true, according to all trustworthy accounts, that the 12th infantry was here especially distinguished among all the troops which helped to gain the victory. The univei'sal expression is that it occupied the post of danger and honor, bearing the brunt of the battleand most gloriously and triumphantly sustaining the Union arms on this bloody field. It is not more certain that the 2nd Iowa was first at Donelson, the 4th at Chickesaw Bayon; the 5th at luka, than that the 12th won the brightest laurels at Tupelo, wherefore I regret exceedingly the want of sufficient material from which to complete a full account of the victory.'' REPORTS OF BATTLES ARE AS FOLLOWS : Headquarters, 12th Iowa Vet. Vot.. Infantry, / La Grange, Tenn., Julv 21, 1864. f Lieut. H. Hoover, A A. A. Gen. jrf Brigade, ist Division, i6th Army Corps: Lieutenant: I have the honor to make the following report of the l>art taken by the Twelfth Iowa Veteran Volunteer Infantry in the actions near Tupelo, Miss., on the 13th, 14th, and 15th inst. On the 13th inst., at about 2 o'clock, P. M., while marching as guard for the supply ti'ain and support of Muhler's, Sixth, Indiana battery, we were heavily attacked on our right flank, at a point on the road where the timber and underbrush were so dense, as to make it almost impos- sible to maneuver the men. Having leai'ned by my flankers the point at which the enemy were striking, I moved my command so as to meet their front fairly, and then as nearly as possible concealed my men in the 162 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY brush, and awaited the attack. We allowed the enemy to advance with- out firing a shot until within twenty paces, when we suddenly poured a sweeping volley full in their ranks. This threw them into confusion, and after a sharp fight of twenty minutes we drove them from^our fi'ont with heavy loss. Their colors were left on the ground, but we failed to secure them as we were compelled to mai'ch to su])port the battery. They were subsequently j^icked up by the Fourteenth Wisconsin. Our loss during this action was one man killed, one officer and eleven men wounded, and one man missing. On the morning of the 14th inst., at Tupelo, in accordance with instructions from your headquarters, I posted my command on the right of the Pontotoc road, forming the extreme left of the 1st division, and was supported by the Seventh Minnesota. In fi'ont of, and running parallel with our line was a heavy rail fence, which we threw down in such a manner as to form a good protection against small arms. My regiment was the first to receive the enemy's attack, and held its posi- tion under a heavy fire for about two hours, when, our ammunition being exhausted, we were ordered to the rear, and our places taken by the 7th Minnesota. Companies E and H having been furnished ammunition, were allowed to remain at the front, and were thus kept constantly engaged during the entire action. After a rest of about forty-five minutes, and receiving a fresh supply of ammunition, we again moved forward, and took position in front, where we remained until ordered to charge, when we moved forward on the double-quick, driving the enemy from our front, and capturing a number of prisoners. Our loss during the day was one officer and six men killed, and thirty-nine men wounded. We consumed during the engagement over one hundred rounds of am- munition per man. The men of my command behaved nobly, and as an evidence of the cool, deliberate, and accurate manner in which our fire was delivered, I would refer you to the great number of the enemy's dead that were strewn in front of the line occvipied by my regiment. Lieut. A. A. Burdick, A. R. Q. M., who was killed, had been ordered to the rear with his train; but, after seeing his wagons pi'operly parked, he came to the front and volunteered to assist in bringing forward ammuntion. While thus engaged he was struck by a shell, and instantly killed. On the morning of the loth inst, my regiment was assigned a posi. tion to the left of the Pontotoc road, and formed the left center of the brigade line. We had a substantial breastwork of cotton bales in our front, which served as an admirable jDrotection against the enemy's sharpshooters. We took full part in the fight and charge of the day, losing one man killed and three wounded. Our loss during the three TUPELO 163 days' fighting was one officer and eight men Itilled, one officer and flfty- four men wounded, and one man missing. My command numbered, on the first day's fight, two hundred and ninety-five muskets; on the second day, two hundred and fifty; and on the tnird day, about two hundred. I cannot consistently make particular mention of any members of the regiment, as every man was at his post, and all conducted themselves in a creditable manner. 1 inclose herewith a list of casualties for the three days as follows: July 13th. KILLED— Co. D, Private John Nichols. WOUNDED— Co. I, Capt. Charles L. Sumbai^do, leg, severely: Co. D, Corp'l. James L. Cowell, arm, severely: Dennis Conley, hand, amputated; Henry W. Bailey, breast, slight; Wencil Doleshall, breast, slight: Co. G, Soran A. Sernson, leg, dangerously: Co. H, Corpl's John W. Benedict, hand severely: George W. Horner, hand, slight; Edward Beck- ett, leg, severely: Philip Henry, arm, severely: Co. I, Corp'l John F. Wilson, thigh, severely: Private John Devine, side, dangerously. MISSING— Co. D, Private A. E. Butolph. July 14th. KILLED— Co. G, 1st Lieut. Augustus A. Burdick: Co. B, Francis A. Winter: Co. E, Corp'l George R Holden: Co. I. Philetus S. Butters: Co. K, Serg't Pvobert Fowler, Corp'l Jeremiah J. Myers, Philip H. Rutter. WOUNDED— Co. B, John Dowling, thigh, severely; James W. Patter- son, head, dangerously; Frank Klees, face slightly: Bryant Maguire, shoulder, slightly; Wesley B. Bort, head, slightly: Isaac Woodmansee, shoulder, slight: Marcellus Pi-att, head, slight: Hugh McCabe, side, slightly: Co. C, Serg't Emery Clark, neck, dangerously; Serg't Jas. Stewart, arm and hip, severely: John W. McCall, head, slightly: Co. D, 1st Serg't Judson L. Bough ton, face, slightly; William W. Whitenack, arm, severely; Samuel Bum- gardner, side, slightly; Daniel Sivets, face, slightly: Co. E, Serg't Harvey Smith, thigh, slightly; Corp. Allen E. Talbot, head, severely; Nat'n'l Surfus, thigh, severely; Henry W. Crowhurst, leg, severely: Co. H, 1st Serg't V. V. Price, legs, dangerously: Sei^g't Ralph M. Grimns, arm, severely: Corpl's John B. Flenniken, shoulder, slightly; John S. Mason, face, slightly; John G. Currie, foot, slightly, and Patrick Hannan, arm, slightly: Co. I, Serg't J. Wain^en Cotes, breast, severely; Corpl's William Kohler, leg, severely; Michael D. Nagle, hand, slightly; Napoleon E. 164 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY. Austin, shoulder, severely; Alex. F. Jenkins, head, shoulder and thigh, severely; Samuel S. Kennedy, hand severely; Van Meter Snyder, shoulder, severely; John F. Butters, hip, slightly: Co. K, Serg't W. H. H. Blanch- ard, arm, head and hip, severely; Corpl's Chas. E. Mer- rian, hip, severely; Alvin Mosher, thigh, slightly; James Dillon, head, dangerously; William B. Keith, thigh, severely; Stephen N. Bugby, shoulder, slightly. July 15. KILLED— Co. B, August Leue. WOUNDED— Co. B, Thomas Dowling, leg, slightly: Co. D, Jeri- miah Williams, hip, dangerous: Co. I, James C. Buchanan, shoulder, slightly. TOTALS— Killed, 9; wounded, 54: missing 1. Total loss, 64. John H. Stibbs, Lt. Col. Comdg. Headquarters 3d Brig., 1st Div., 16th Army Corps, i Memphis, Tenn., July 23d, 1864. f Capt. I. B. Sample, A. A. Gen. ist Division, i6th Army Corps: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the 3d brigade in the late expedition in Mississippi. This brigade moved from La Grange, Tenn., with the right wing of the 16th arm^y corps, on the morning of the 5th day of July, and entered Pontotoc, Miss., on the evening of the 11th, and again marched from that place on the morning of the 13th. Up to this time, had not been engaged with the enemy. On the morning of the 13th we were on the march from Pontotoc to Tupelo in the following order: The 35th Iowa in advance, and immediately behind the brigade train of the 2d brigade; the 33d Missouri in front Jof the supply train; the 7th Minnesota and the 12th Iowa on the flank of the train. After 3 P. M. a volley was fired into the brigade train of the 2d brigade. Soon after this first volley, the enemy opened in heavy force on the right flank of the 7th Minnesota, and 12th Iowa, who soon became hotly engaged with the enemy. After a sharp fight, we not only repulsed the enemy, butdi^ove him from the field. At 9 o'clock, July 14, the enemy in heavy force advanced upon our line, and attacked us warmly with artillery and musketry. Our men, without once wavering, returned the fire. A fierce engagement was kept up for three houi's, when our whole brigade chai'ged the enemy, driving him from the field, and getting possession of his killed and severely wounded, who lay thick upon the field. We also captured, at this time, several prisoners and one stand of colors, which fell into the hands of the 33d Missouri. We remained in our advanced position until it became evi- TUPELO 165 dent the enemy was not likely to attack soon again, when we retired to our original position. On the morning- of the 15th, the 33d Missouri and 7th Minnesota were in line on the right of the Pontotoc road, the 12th Iowa and 35th Iowa on the left of said road, all behind tempoi'ary breastworks. In this position the brigade was ordered to remain concealed, and to reserve their fire until the enemy arrived to within fifty yards of our line. The enemy, advancing, opened a warm fire upon us, but at length, it becom- ing evident that he would not charge our line, or advance to the pre- scribed distance, a chaa"ge was ordered by the General commanding the division. The men charged with a will, when the enemy fled precip- itately. During these various actions the regimental commanders — Colonel Hill, 35th Iowa, Colonel Marshal, 7th Minnesota, Lieutenant Colonel Heath, 33d Missouri, and Lieutenant Colonel Stibbs, 12th Iowa — dis- played the utmost coolness and bravery, and discharged all their duties with alacrity. In this they were well sustained by the field and line officers of their commands, whilst the men pi^oved themselves worthy of the highest praise for their heroic conduct. Acting brigade Sui^geon Huff was very faithful and efficient in his duties with the wounded. 1 return my thanks to the members of my staff, Lieuts. H. Hoover, Duncan, Read, and L. M. Crutz, for the aid they rendered me in the perform, ance of their duties. During these various actions the brigade lost: Officers killed, 3: officers wounded 3: enlisted men killed, 21; enlisted men wounded, 167: enlisted men missing, 3: total loss, 197. Respectfully submitted, J. J. Woods, Colonel commanding. CHAPLAIN HUMPHRF.Y'S, "12th IOWA AT TUPELO. * * After a day's rest at Pontotoc, the army marched for Tupelo. The rebels immediately commenced a harrassing attack upon o r train in the rear. It was defended by negro and other troops. About middle of the forenoon the 12th Iowa was ordered back to the defense of the train. This regiment had just taken the position assigned it when one of the flankers came in and informed the Adjutant, Lieutenant Reed, that the Rebels were about to attack the train. Lieutenant Colonel Stibbs and Major Van Duzee immediately formed the regiment in line of battle. The line had scarcely formed when the enemy, 1,000 strong, advanced through the dense thicket, to within a few yards of our front. A terrible volley checked the advancing line of the enemy — a second drove them back. The 12th Iowa was oi-dered to the support of the 6th Indiana battery, and another regiment advanced and picked up 166 TWELFTH REGIMENT lOlVA INFANTRY the colors left by the enemy in front of the 12th Iowa. In the afternoon another skirmish took place in which the 12th lost one man killed. Thursday morning: at 3 o'clock, July 14th, the army was under arms and formed in a commanding position. The army also had a strong position. He had defeated General Sturgis and pursued his broken battalions almost to Memphis. The prestig-e of this victory gave him confidence. The Rebel commander assurred his men that they had only negros and 100-days' men to fight. Little did they realize that our men were Veterans; that A. J.Smith was in command; that fighting Joe. Mower commanded the 1st division, and that the cool and brave Colonel Woods commanded the brigade destined to hold that day the post of danger and of honor. '1 he enemy formed and advanced to the charge in magnificient style. On they came until within twenty rods of the 12th Iowa when the terrible storm of musketry swept them back in wild confusion. They formed again and advanced, presenting a front of half a mile long. They meet again that wasting fire, and break and fly. Thus the tide of battle ebbs and flows beneath the hot rays of the July sun, until General Mower became impatient of delay and ordered Colonel Woods to charge with his brigade. The line moved forward, the 12th Iowa in advance; but the Rebels, swift of foot, escape the steel of our bayonets, and seek safety in the timber. On the morning of the 16th, Smith's army continued the return march via Elliston, New Albany and Ripley, reaching La Grange, Tenn., July 21st. The next day we were given another free ride on box cars into Memphis, where, on the night of the 22d, we again occupied our pleasant camp in the suburbs of the city. Several days were given to scrubbing up, repairing dam- ages, and refitting; bat scarcely had we rested from the campaign, when on Saturday evening at 11 o'clock, July 30th, orders were received to be ready to move again at 8 o'clock next morning, in light marching order. Leaving the camp in charge of a few sick, we marched to the depot. Sunday morning took our accustomed places on cars, and before night were landed at Davis Mills, six miles southeast of La Grange. The next day we marched to Coldwater River. August 2d, the regiment formed the advance guard of he army as it marched into Holly Springs, Miss. Entering HOLL Y SPRINGS 167 that town at 11 o'clock A. M., our regiment was at once de- tailed and distributed about the town as provost guards. This place had been called "The Garden City of Missis- sippi," and had doubtless been a very pretty place. In its suburbs it still retained some evidences of its former pros- perity; but had felt the effects of war very severely and showed these effects on every side. It was here that Gen- eral Grant established his depot of supplies in the fall of 1862, when he started south on his first movement upon Vicksburg. Colonel Murphy was left in command of the post and in charge of the supplies of ammnnition stored there. Van Dorn made a sudden dash into the city, and, without the least opposition, captured it and 1,500 men; set fire to the warehouses, depots, etc., and retreated as sud- denly as he came. The fire, and the explosion of ammunition, destroyed the entire business portion of the town, as well as many private residences. We found the people who were still living there — mostly women and children— very unlike the people of other towns we had visited. While these made no pretense that they were loyal to the old Union, they were too politic to offer insult to our men. Many of the ladies asked for special guards at their houses, saying that their only fear was of the negro troops with us; that among these troops were some of their old servants, and they felt uncer- tain in regard to what they might do. In every instance where guards were sent they were invited into the house and to eat at the family table. The officers and men were in fact over run with invitations to dinners and teas. In return for this very pleasant reception our men were glad to give the homes of the people the fullest pro- tection, but while affording such protection to citizens they arrested several abled- bodied men who were pointed out to them as rebel soldiers. Some of these when arrested admitted that they were members of Forrest's command, and one, that he was wounded in our front at Tupelo, The regi- 168 TWELF TH REGIMENT 10 WA INFANTR Y. ment remained here until the evening of the 9th when it was ordered to rejoin its brigade, which was then hotly engaged at the crossing of the Tallahatchie. The regiment reported to Colonel Woods at the Tallahatchie Wednesday morning; the 10th, at 9 o'clock, to find that the crossing had been secured by the 7th Minnesota and 35th Iowa after a sharp contest. Here we were joined by Companies A, and P, from White River Ark. These companies had not been with us to share the hardships and the honors of the Tupelo campaign, but they had not lost an opportunity to sustain the honor their regiment, the State and the flag. Captain Hunter of Company A was in command of the post at mouth of White River. His whole force consisted of two companies, fifty-five men all told. He received intima- tion that a force of the enemy was in his vicinity and com- menced the erection of a stockade, upon which the men worked late into the night of June 21st, but had not com- pleted the work. A gap of about twenty feet remaining open on one side. The weather was very warm and the boys, upon quitting work, divested themselves of all outward apparel, and went to sleep in their tents. Early in the morning of the 22nd, before reveille, they were suddenly attacked by a large force of rebels, who drove the picket in and followed close on their heels in a rush for the opening in the stockade. The boys in camp had no time to dress but catching their muskets and buckling on their cartridge boxes as they ran, they fell into line at the opening in the stock- ade just as the advance of the rebels reached that point. Here occurred a hand-to-hand conflict lasting only a few moments, but in that few moments the boys in a uniform consisting of nothing more than a shirt and cartridge box effectually repelled a force which consisted of a regiment. Captain Hunter and his command were highly complimented by General Burford, commanding the District of Helena. Captain Bremner, who participated in this splendid fight. MOUTH OF WHITE RIVER 169 tells the story in a report to Adjutant General of Iowa, as follows: Selma, Ala., July 8th, 18(i5. N. B. Baker, Adjutant General of Iowa: Sir: I have the honor to report the action engaged in by Companies A and F, 12th Iowa Veteran Vohuiteer Infantry, at the mouth of White river, June 22d, 1864. Eai'ly on the morning of the 22d, and before many of the men were up, a single shot in the direction of the pickets aroused the sleepers — there was no time to dress before the enemy were upon us. There force consisted of four hundred men, of the 10th Missouri (rebel) Mounted Infantry, under the command of Lieutenat Colonel Lawler. Our entire force was fifty-five men, part of whom, being on picket were not engaged. Forty-eight muskets were the total. number in the stockade with which to defend the place. After firing the first shot on the pickets, the enemy came on the double-quick, bearing to our right with the evi- dent intention of getting inside the stockade, which at this point had only been partly completed the night previous. While advancing across an open field in front, a sharp fire was poured upon them, creating some confusion, and causing them to halt and re-form, when a part was thrown rapidly forward and gained the cover of some log huts that were very near the stockade, from which point they continued to annoy us with a galling fire for several minutes. The action at this time was quite severe, and the stockade being in an unfinished state several of the men were wounded behind it. Finding the attempt to surprise up had proved a failure, and that they were needlessly losing many of their men, they hastily withdrew, leaving all their dead and several of their wounded in our possession. The gun-boat Lexington, which had been lying near the bank a little below us, now got clear of the drift wood which had to this time delayed her free action, and steaming up opposite the scene of action gave the retreating foe a few parting shots. Not deeming it prudent to follow with the small force at command, no pursuit was ordered. Eleven of the enemy were killed, including a Major and Lieutenant; and citi- zens living on the road over which they passed report that at least four- teen were taken back wounded. Killed— Corporal George E. Hunter, Co. F. Wounded and since died— Sergeant Isaac Cottle, Co. F; Private Sea- mons Clapp, Co. F; Gustavus A. Black, Co. A. Wounded— Private Charles L. Coolidge, Co. F. in right breast, slightly. Capt, Joseph R. C. Hunter, Co. A, and Capt. William A. Morse, Co no TWELFTH REGIMEN! IOWA INFANTRY. F, with the brave men under their command, performed their part with great credit. All of which is respectfully submitted. I have the honor to be your obedient servant, John Bremner, Capt. 12th Iowa Vet. Vol. Inf., com'd'g Co. F. On the 13th of August our brigade had a skirmish at Hurricane creek, driving the enemy back and holding the position until a bridge could be built, which was completed on the 21st and the whole force preceded to Oxford, Miss., where a small force of the enemy was driven off. The largest part of Forrest's force having made a detour around our army and, thinking, doubtless that Memphis had been left unprotected made a dash into that city at 4 o'clock on the morning of Aug. 21st, and succeed in penetrating to the very heart of the town, some of his men riding their horses to the second floor of the Gayoso house and taking some of our officers prisoners from their beds. The raiders were undoubtedly after General Washburn, but he received warn- ing in time to escape, by a back door, in his night shirt and sought shelter in Fort Pickering. The 8th Iowa, on duty in the city rallied and drove the raiders out with a loss of quite a number of their men, in killed, wounded and prisoners. The loss was small, however, and about equal on each side. As Forrest failed to secure any prominent prisoners, or to carry off any plunder his raid was not a great success. At Oxford General Smith received orders to return to Memphis, immediately and report with his two divisions to General Sherman near Atlanta. This order had been long looked for and was heartily welcomed by most of the men in the command. Our Mississippi campaigns had been very severe in long hot marches and severe fighting, with appar- ently very little in results to show for our summer's work, and all folt that campaigning with the main army would be much more agreeable. The great battles being fought by Sherman, while showing large aggregate losses, were usually OXFORD, MISS. 171 much less severe in individual regiments, and those engaged had the advantage of a position where the eyes of the whole country were upon them. General Smith, on behalf of his divisions, had made earnest efforts to be trasferred to Sherman's immediate com- mand, and had been only partially conciliated by a letter from General Sherman assuring him, that: His two divis- ions operating in Mississippi and keeping Forrest away from the railroads to Nashville had rendered much more effective service, for the main army, than they could have done if present with it in the field. It would seem, from reading the correspondence now published, that there had been quite a strife over these two divisions. Canby had made an effort to have them sent to his department and succeeded in ob- taining an order from the war department, assigning Smith and two divisions to Department of the Gulf. Washburn had the order countermanded when Sturgis was defeated by Forrest, and retained Smith in his department, Sherman then issued his orders as above, when Rosecrans succeeded better than either of the others by simply stealing both divisions as we shall see later. On 10th of April Sherman wrote to General Grant: "It will take all of April to get in our furloughed Veterans and bring up A. J. Smith's command * * * , McPherson will have nine divisions if A. J. Smith gets here, in which case he will have fully thirty thousand of the best men in America." In his Memories General Sherman says: "There was great danger always, in my mind that Forx'est would collect a heavy cavalry force in Mississippi, cross the Tennessee river and l>reak up our railroad below Nashville. In contemplation of this danger, I had sent General Sturgis to Memphis to take command of the cavalry in that quarter, to go out towards Pontotoc, engaged Forrest and defeat him; but on the l-4th of June I leai^ned that General Sturgis had himself been defeated on the 10th of .June and had been driven by Forrest back into Memphis in considerable confusion. I expected that this would soon be followed by a general raid on all our roads in Tennessee. General Smith, with the two divisions of the 16th corps which had been 172 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY up Red River, had returned from that illfated expedition, and had been ordered to General Can by at Neiu Orleans, but on hearing of General Sturgis' defeat I ordered General Smith to go out from Memphis and renew the offensive so as to keep Forrest oft' our roads. This he did, finally defeating Forrest at Tupelo on the 13th, 14th and 15th days of July, and he so stirred up matters in North Mississippi that Forrest could not leave for Tennessee. This for a time left me only the task of Governing the roads against such minor detachments of cavalry as John- son could spare from the main army." Had these explanations been made at the time the army of General Smith would have been saved many hours of speculation as to "what the old grey beard is trying to do with us, any way." Possibly it was just as well that we should learn "not to question why," but then we did, and always took the soldier's privilege of asking questions and wondering why we were marched out of Memphis, and then marched back again so often, even if our questions were not answered. However, we were now ordered to Sherman, where we desired to be, and started back to Memphis in good spirits. At the crossing of the Tallahatchie, August 24, the enemy, thinking to catch our rear guard after most of the army had crossed, made a sudden dash. They found a larger rear guard than they anticipated and were defeated, and left nine killed, five mortally wounded, and eleven others prison- ers in our hands. We camped at Waterford on the 25th, and the next day marched into Holly Springs. As the head of the column ap- proached that city, General Smith was met by a delegation of citizens, with a petition asking that thel2th Iowa be sent forward to act as -provost guards again. It is said that General Smith bit off the end of his cigar, chewed it up, and spit it out in the nervous way he had, and, with a superabundance of adjectives, said to the committee: "The 12th Iowa is one of my best fighting regiments; I think it is a doubtful compliment for you rebels to want it to guard your town, and an imposition on HOLL Y SPRINGS 173 the regiment to ask them to do it; but if those boys are will- ing to stand guard they may." He halted the column; sent back to where the 12th was marching; ordered it for- ward, with instructions to take entire charge of the private property in the town, and see to it that he heard a good re- port of their conduct. For however roughly he might talk about it, he was pleased with the order which had been main- tained while we were there before. The regiment marched into town in advance of all other troops ; guards were soon distributed as before and every- thing remained quiet and orderly. When the balance of the army had marched away next day, our regiment fell in as rear guard and evacuated the town about noon. The good understanding existing between the citizens and our boys was shown by the fact that in relieving guard, one man had been overlooked, and was still at his post when the rebels, follow- ing our rear, came into town. The citizens where the guard was stationed gave him warning and concealed him until dark and then piloted him safely to our camp at Davis Creek. Another instance is that of Mrs. Kaiser, whose husband was then a prisoner of war in our hands at Camp Douglass. She discovered three of the 14th Iowa prisoners in the hands of Chalmers' force. She went out, and ascertaining that they were Iowa men, invited them in, gave them a splendid dinner, furnished them writing material to write to their friends, and then took the letters personally and delivered them to officers of the regiment to be mailed. She said: " This was because they were Iowa men. If they had been 12th Iowa men I would have made Chalmers release them." This on account of considerate treatment she received from two of Co. B., boys that were on guard at the house. Aug. 29th the command was back at L»a Grange again, where we formed a garrison of 100 day men, commanded by Col. Henderson, holding the place and waiting our return. Next day we returned to Memphis and again occupied our 174 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTR Y. camp. Col. Woods' official report of the expedition is as follows : Headquarters 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 16th A. C. Memphis. Tenn., Aug. 31, 1864. Capt. J. B. Sample, A. A. G. Sir: * * "^ On the morning of July 31, the 12th Iowa, 7th Minn , 33d Mo. and 35 'h Iowa, of this brigfade, took the cars at this place and moved to Davis Mills, Miss. August 1 marched via. Lamar and Coldwater, and on the morning of August 2d reached Holly Springs, where the 12th Iowa was detailed as provost guards. On the morning of August 5th the remaining three regiments moved by railroad to Water- ford. August 7th the 7th Minn, and 35th Iowa moved to the Tallahatchie river to protect our pioneer corps, who were constructing a bridge. They found the enemy's pickets on the north side of the river whom they attacked and drove across the river, capturing the flat boat used as a ferry and establishing pickets on the south side of the river. Their position was shelled for a short time that night. Next morning the two regiments crossed over and work began on the bridge. On the 7th the 6th Indiana battery reported, and on the 8th the 33d Mo. and battery moved to the Tallahatchie. On the 9th the brigade moved into camp on the south side of the Tallahatchie. During the skirmishing on the 7th, 8th and 9th the 7th Minn, had three men wounded. On the 10th of August the 12th Iowa rejoined the brigade. On the 2l8t the brigade moved to Hurricane Creek. On the 25th marched to Waterford and 26th to Holly Springs. The 12th Iowa was again detailed as provost guards. Very respectfully, J. J. Woods, Col. Comd'g Brigade. Our stay in Memphis was very short indeed. We had expected to pack up all our belongings and start for Atlanta immediately, but those orders were very suddenly changed — so far as they referred to the 1st division — and we were ordered to another field of operations. The Confederate Generals, Price, Mannaduke and Shel- by had organized a force in Arkansas and were threatening Litte Rock, where General Steele was in command with a force thought to be unable to contend against this combined enemy. The order for 1st division to report to Sherman was suspended for the time being, and while the 3d division pro- ceeded by boats up the river, the 1st division was directed TO ARk^ANSAS 175 to leave camp and all baggage in care of convalescents, and report to General Steele at, or near, Little Rock, Ark. Under these orders the 12th Iowa embarked Sept. 2d on Steamer Mattie, the balance of the division on other boats. The next day we were off down the river, the whole fleet under command of General Mower, who had just received his promotion to Major General for services at Tupelo. Entering White River on the morning of the 4th, we reach St. Charles on evening of the 5th. On account of some movements of the enemy the whole force was disembarked at St. Charles, but on the 8th re-embarked and proceeded to Devall's Bluffs and again disembarked. On the 10th we started for Brownsville, marching 18 miles that ofternoon, across a perfectly level prairie, desti- tute of water of any kind except what we carried in canteens- We camped at night in a grove, near a slough which fur- nished water for camp. Next day we marched to Browns- ville where it was ascertained that the Confederate forces had avoided Little Rock and, crossing the river below, had already started north with their whole force, intending evi- dently to invade Missouri. Some one in authority conceived the brilliant idea of starting infantry after these mounted raiders, and, doubtless, concluding that men of General Mower's division had become so hardened to marching that they would enjoy the tramp, procured orders which resulted in organizing a force consisting of Mower's division of infan- try and a small force of cavalry under Col. Winslow, all to be under command of General Mower, and started this force in pursuit of the mounted forces of Price, already several days in advance. Mower's force was rendezvoued at Brownsville, and equipped with an abundant supply of ammunition and ten days" rations. Teams and wagons for the ammunition were furnished for the expedition and drivers detailed from the command, but teams for the rations were loaned from Steele's 176 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY command with orders to accompany the expedition a few days only, until the rations could be unloaded into haver- sacks, when the teams should return. These teams, escorted by 9th Iowa cavalry, accompanied us to Red river, where the rations were unloaded and wagons and escort returned. Among other preparations made for furnishing supplies, General Mower directed a detail of one man from each com- pany to collect beef cattle from the country. The men so detailed were placed under the command of an officer from the Q. M. Dept. and were directed to supply themselves with a mount at earliest possible moment after the march should begin, and be ready to help drive in the beef. Supplies and ammunition having been received, Mower's command left Brownsville Sept. 17th, marching directly north, passing on the 18th through Austin, where the 9th Iowa cavalry was encamped. As our command passed along the road the cavalry boys came out to see the troops and exchange greetings with acquaintances. Hugh McCabe of Co. B, one of the detail of foragers who had been directed to procure a mount, passed through the camp of the 9th, and seeing a horse saddled and bridled hitched to a stump, thought it a good opportunity to procure his desired outfit all at once. He quickly unfastened the said horse, mounted to his back and rode off, justifying the taking in his own way by saying: "Faith, and it's Uncle Sam's own horse, and it can be no difference to him whichever of his boys rides him." When he found that the whole 9th regiment was ordered out as train escort and were following the command, ho experi- enced some difficulty in keeping out of sight, but succeeded in doing so, until the 9th turned back, and then made excel- lent use of the cavalry horse in bringing in supplies of beef, etc. It was thought no less a good joke when it was after- wards found that the horse belonged to a company from the same town that Co. B was from, and that the captain who was responsible for the horse was one of McCabe's old neighbors. PRICE'S RAID 177 Since "the cruel war was over" the captain and the forager have seldom met at camp-fire or Post without passing jokes about captured cavalry horse, which the captain says he reported as "Stolen by 12th Iowa Jayhawkers." On the evening of the 19th the command crossed Little Red river at a ford where the water was about four feet deep, the current very swift and the bed of the stream rocky. Many of the boys, more particular than the rest, removed their clothes, and making them into a bundle held them above their heads as they waded into the stream. Every few moments some unlucky one of these careful fellows, would step upon a sharp or slippery stone, and in a sudden effort to regain his balance would bring his bundle down, slap, into the water and, being carried off his feet, go floundering down stream, greeted by the shouts of his comrades. As we camped upon the bank of the river that night the rations were all distributed and the borrowed wagons were sent back to Brownsville. The march was continued each succeeding day without incident worthy of note, our route following the trail of Shelby's rebel division, over verj'- rough roads — across the spurs of Ozark mountains, and then along the swampy mar- gins of streams. Crossing White river by ford on the 22d we reached Black river about 8 o'clock P. M. to find that the bridge had been burned, and that the water was too deep to be forded. The approach to the river was over a corduroy road through a swamp impassible on either side. Along this road the column was strung out when the head of it reached the river, and it was found that there was no pos- sible room to camp the troops or park the teams, the '* In place rest " was about the only order which could be executed, and the army bivouacked where it stood, each man securing for himself as comfortable a place as possible, and making his own arrangements for supper and bed as best he could. The pioneer corps, commanded by Capt. S. G. Knee of the 178 TWELFTH REGIMENT 10 WA INFANTR Y 12th, was sent forward to make a bridge. Crossing over to a small town, called Elgin, the pioneer corps found a small saw-mill in running order. With this they got out plank for bridge covering. They then tore down a cotton press for the timbers for stringers, and at 3 o'clock P. M. on the 23d had a bridge completed 320 feet long, upon which the army crossed in safety, and camped that night at Miller's church, occupying the exact ground upon which Shelby had camped three days before. The march was continued up the east bank of Black river, about 20 miles each day, pass- ing through Pocahontas, Ark., and Poplar Bluff, Mo., and reaching Greenville, Mo., October 2d. Here it was learned that Price's forces were at Ironton, 40 miles north of us, and that he had been met there by Union troops, and after a sharp engagement he had turned northwest. Prom Greenville we marched directly to Cape Girard- eau, Mo., reaching that place on the 5tb, after 19 days con- secutive marching, in which time we had marched 336 miles, forded seven rivers, and bridged one 320 feet wide; had waded and hauled our artillery and train through some of the worst swamps in the country; the rear guard often toil- ing all night to get the train into camp. This was the case on September 30, when the 12th was rear guard, and marched from Poplar Bluff to Chipman's ford, dragging the wagon train out of mud holes all day, and when night came, it was so dark that the men were compelled to light candles and torches to find the road, and finally succeeded in getting the last wagon across the stream and into camp, just as the troops that had been in advance of the train were beating reveille for morning of October Ist. Six days out of the nineteen the rain had fallen continuously all day and all night. All this continuous marching had been accomplished with only ten days' rations. Some of the way the roads were rough and full of flinty rock which cut away the shoes, so that upon our arrival at Cape Girardeau, five officers and PRICE'S RAID 179 102 men of the 12th Iowa— out of a total of 250 — were hare- footed. Others had old coffee sacks wound on their feet to protect them from the sharp rocks. As far as foot covering was concerned, the army was doubtless as destitute as the old army at Valley Forge, and could have been tracked as far, by the blood in the snow. I presume, a dirtier, raggeder set never marched into any town than Mower's men were when they reached Cape Girardeau, and it was not to be wondered at that the militia stationed there was alarmed at our approach, thinking that we were surely a part of the guerrilla force that they had been expecting to attack the town. During the march from Brownsville we had demonstrated the fact that men could march further in a given time than horses or mules, for there were very few cavalry horses in the command fit for further service, and nearly half of the mules had been left used up upon the road. Altogether, the march was a very severe one, and we were glad to get out of the wilderness, and be in communication with the world again. In crossing the state line, we had transferred ourselves from District of Arkansas to District of Missouri, and found that we were now subject to the orders of General Rosen- crans. The movements of Price into the state had so threatened St. Louis that the 3d division had been diverted from its route to Atlanta; had been called to St. Louis, and was now confronting Price in the vicinity of Ironlon. General Mower was directed to proceed to the same field via. St. Louis. Remaining at Cape Girardeau only one day— long enough to have boats sent down from St. Louis— the division embarked for that city. The 12th regiment left camp about 2 o'clock A. M., October 7th; marched to steamboat landing, where Companies B, E and G embarked on the steamer Argonaut, the balance of the regiment on the steamer Armenia. The 180 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY lower decks of both boats were occupied by cavalry and artillery. The fleet arrived at St. Louis the same evening, where two days were spent in receiving supplies, clothing, etc., which would fit the men for further service. On the 10th, the infantry of Mower's division was started up the Missouri river on boats, with orders to report at Jefferson City, against which Price was marching his forces. The Twelfth was on the steamer Empire with brigade headquarters. This boat proved to be too large for the shallow waters of the Missouri, and for eight days was for most of the time stuck on sandbars. Pour times during the trip the entire regiment was disembarked, and with hawsers to the shore pulled the boat off the bars. The men would march around the bar and re-embark above. On the night of the 13th, while the regi- ment was on land, the boat backed off a bar, and in attempt- ing to pass it near the other shore, became fast again in a position that the regiment could neither help it off or re-em- bark, and was compelled to pass the night on shore without blankets, shelter, or food, and found in the morning that the ground was covered with white frost. Finally, after these several delays, the regiment arrived at Jefferson City Octo- ber 18th, to find that Price had turned west before reaching the city, and that a portion of our cavalry force was in his front, and that the balance of our division had left Jefferson City in pursuit. General Sherman was still protesting in strong language against our diversion from his command. He says, in a letter to General Grant: "I think it will be found that the move- ments of Price and Shelby are mere diversions. They can- not hope to enter Missouri except as raiders, and General Rosencrans should be ashamed to ask my troops for such a purpose." In his memoirs, Sherman says: "General Smith, at that time, was in Missouri with two divisions of the 16th corps, which had been diverted to that quarter.''^ By constant effort, to get some part of the command, PRICES RAID 181 General Sherman succeeded in getting General Mower, per- sonally, detached and ordered to Atlanta. General Mower had served constantly with this division for over two years. First, as Colonel of the 11th Missouri, then as Commander of the 2nd brigade, and later as Commander of the division. Under his command the division had won distinction and its members had learned such confidence in themselves, in each other, and in their Commander, that they felt that they could not be beaten. In its turn the division had won for "Fighting Joe. Mower" the stars of a Major General. The regrets expressed by the General in his farewell order were reciprocated by the command. General Mower left the command at St. Charles, Mo., October 11th, 1864, and Col. J. J. Woods succeeded him in command of the division, and Colonel Hill, 35th Iowa, succeeded to the command of the brigade. From Jefferson City the 12th was transported to La Mine river by rail. Finding the bridge at that place destroyed the regiment left the cars and marched to Sedalia, overtak- ing the balance of the division on the 19th of October, From Sedalia we marched with our command via. Lexington, Inde- pendence, Blue River and Kansas City — nearly all the time within hearing of the skirmish and occasional artillery firing in front, but never quite near enough to take part in the affair ourselves. Our cavalry force was not strong enough to do more than harrass Price. He would engage the cav- alry until the head of the infantry force came in sight then brush them away and move on. His men all mounted, and able to secure remounts from the country whenever a horse gave out, led the infantry a long stern chase, without their being able to get a good sight of his retreating army. At the crossing, of Blue river, October 23rd, the fighting in front became quite lively, and, hoping to catch the enemy at the crossing, theinf antry was pushed rapidly to the front all day and into the night, until we had marched 37 miles, with- 182 TWELFIH REGIMEN! IOWA INFANTRY in the 24 hours, and reached the river to find the game had escaped. From that point some of our cavalry was able to get upon Prices' flank and as he turned south his force broke up and in a final engagement near Lone Tree our cavalry suc- ceeded in making a break and capturing General Marmaduke and about 1,000 of his men. This so broke up and scattered Price's army that pursuit by infantry was abandoned at Harrison ville. Mo., on the 26th. The prisoners were sent to St. Louis. Lieutenant Colonel Stibbs, being detailed as special guard for General Marmaduke, left the command of the regiment to Major Van Duzee. We remained three days at Harrisonville, taking a much needed rest after a march of 176 miles in eight consecutive days. Colonel Woods, in his monthly report for the 1st divis- ion, Oct. 31st, closes as follows: "During the month the division has been actively engaged as a portion of the army pursuing the rebel General Price through Missouri. Marching has been almost continu- ous and very hard, making as high as 33 miles per day." October 30th we started on return march for St. Louis, 300 miles away. It seemed to some of us that it was a little tough to )itareh entirely across the state when there was a railroad all the way, but it appeared that it was necessary to use the railroad facilities to transport prisoners, broken down cavalry horses and their riders; the artillery with all its horses and men; worn out mules, etc. These must be spared but "Smith's guerillas" had hQQu diverted to this district, were borrowed in fact, and must expect to march, and they did, through snow and mud; rain and shine; resting only one day in sixteen, reaching St. Louis November 16th. Only a few incidents worthy of note occurred during the march. November 3d, it snowed all day. A wet sticky snow that stuck where it fell and on the backs of the men melted PRICE'S RAID 183 and saturated the clothing like a sponge, yet they marched all day reaching Sedalia at night, and were then ordered into camp where it was impossible to obtain a stick of wood, rails, trees or anything that would make a fire. This could not be endured, and the officers of the regiment went into the city and found old stores, or sheds where the men could be sheltered and then obtained permission to take their men into the city where each company commander found quarters for his men until morning and most of the ofiicers took quarters at a hotel. Two days after, at California, we camped again in the snow ten inches deep, but here we had plenty of timber to cut, and soon had big fires which melted the snow away until we had dry places upon which to spread blankets, and we slept very comfortably, notwithstanding we had an extra blanket of four inches of snow over us when we awoke in the morning. Brig. Gen. J. McArthur, appointed as successor of General Mower, joined his division at Sedalia and assumed command. Colonel Woods returning to command of 3d brigade. November 8th, election day, we left Jefferson City, and about noon forded Osage river. This stream was wide, the water about waist deep, and running full of slush ice. It was a hard thing to ask men to wade through such a stream, and all along the line, as we approached the bank, the men could be heard declaring: "I will never go through there! Might as well be shot for disobeying orders as die in that river." Other like expressions were common but the command kept moving forward and as one after another of the objectors reached the stream they march in, like the rest, and with many a sigh and quickly drawn breath held their places till all were across. With all its cold and unpleasantness there was left some fun for the boys, as when a cannoneer, sitting astride the muzzle of his gun and guying the infantry, was 184 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY suddenly immersed, by being tipped backwards into the water. It was still more fun to see a couple of officers get ducked. One who was fortunate enough to have a horse to ride had kindly taken a brother officer up behind for a "lift" over the stream. This gave the lucky fellow a chance to laugh at his less fortunate comrades, until in the middle of the stream the horse suddenly refused to carry double and lying down rolled both the officers into the water. Then the laugh and shout was, emphatically, from the other side. Immediately after crossing the Osage the Iowa regiments were allowed to halt and vote for President. Officers and men, who had horses to ride, were appointed as judges of election. The votes w^ere polled and the regiment continued the march, leaving the judges to count the ballots and make returns. The result in 12th Iowa was: Total vote cast 210 — Lincoln, 190; McClellan, 20. We camped that night at Westphalia, Mo., going into camp after dark and in the midst of a furious rainstorm. There was no possibility of seeing where we were going, and the regiment just halted and every man found a place in which to rest and spread his blanket as best he could by feeling, until the rain ceased and fires could be started. November 15th, we marched into Benton Barracks at 2 o'clock, P. M., where; very comfortable quarters were secured at once and all our hardships were soon forgotten as we gathered around the old coal heaters in pleasant barracks, very much the same as they were when occupied by us three years before. Our march from Harrisonville to St. Louis, 303 miles, had been made in fifteen days of marching and only one day of rest. Three days of snow storm were included in the time. Reviewing the whole campaign from Memphis, where i our camp still stood. We had traveled in two and a half months — by steamboat, 772 miles; by rail, 50 miles, and had marched 950 miles. Since June 16th, we had added to this thQ PRICE'S RAID 185 two Mississippi campaigns serving altogether in five different States, Tennessee, Mississipi, Arli:ansas, Missouri and Kan- sas; had been constantly on the move, resting in our regular camp only ten days in five months. No wonder that the department commanders all around us were quarreling to see who should have the "travelers" next. Even now we were not to rest, for before reaching St. Louis orders had been received to hasten Smith's divisions to Nashville to assist Thomas in repelling Hood's invasion of Tennessee. At St. Louis, Colonel Woods; who had served more than his full term of three years, was mustered out and returned to his home. During his term of service Colonel Woods had been in command of a brigade a large part of the time, and several times in command of a division. His qualifications and service entitled him to promotion but he would not use political influence to secure such advancement. Modest, kind and unassuming in camp; he was an ideal commander on the battle field; brave without rashness, and too careful of his men to expose them unnecessarily. Several other officers of the regiment mustered out on expiration of service. Promotions to fill the vacancies were made, as may be seen in roster of regiment. Some of the oflBcial orders for the campaign in Arkan- sas and Missouri are as follow^s: COLONEL HILL'S MONTHLY REPORTS FOR OCT. AND NOV. * * October 4th; raining and roads bad; made a forced march; encamped at 8 P. M. on White Water creek, 30 miles. Oct. 5; marched to Cape Graideau, 19 miles; encamped one mile below town. This con- cludes a march of 317 miles in 19 days, from Brownsville, Ark. * * *■ Oct. 19; marched via Sedalia to Roletta; went into camp at 11:30 P. M., 33 miles; command nearly exhausted. Oct. 21: marched into Lexington, 25 miles. * * Nov. 8; marched from Jefferson City to Westphalia, 26 miles; forded Osage river. * * Nov. 15; marched 22 miles to St. Louis aud moved into Benton Barracks. 186 TWELFTH REGIMENT 10 WA INFANTR Y "Headquarters, DiST. West, Tenn., \ Memphis, Tenn., Sept. 1, 186-4. ^ Major Gen. A. J. Smith, Comcfg Right Wing, i6th A. C. General: — You will order Brig. Gen. J. A. Mower, commanding 1st division, to embark the effective force of his division upon transports with ten days' rations and a full supply of ammunition, and move with the least possible delay to Devall's Bluff's on White River, and re-enforce that post, reporting to Maj. Gen. Steele. As soon as the emergency is over, and the troops now assailing General Steele are drawn back, General Mower, with his command, will report back here. I am. General, your obt. servt, C. C. Washburn, Maj. General. "Headquarters 1st Div., 16th A. C., ) Special Order, ^ Memphis, Tenn., Sept. 1, 1864. \ No. 124. f The Brigade Commanders of this division will have their commands ready to embark on boats to-night. No men will be left behind except those who are sick a7id excused by Brigade Surgeon * * * . By order of Brig. Gen. J. A. Mower. Chas. Christensen, Lt. and A. A. A. Gen." "Headquarters Dist. West T enn. ) Memphis, Tenn., Sept. 2, 1864. S Maj. Gen, E. R. Canby, Comd^g Div. West Miss., New Orleans, La. General : — Advices from Devall's Bluff's represents that Shelby had cut the railroad between there and Little Rock and captured 450 men. Yesterday I received despatches that the enemy had captured Pine Bluff' and St. Charles and was about to attack Devall's Bluffs, I immediately ordered Maj. Gen. Mower, to proceed to White River with his division and relieve our forces. * * I am. General, very respectfully, etc., C. C. Washburn, Maj. Gen." "Headquarters 1st Div. 16th A. C, ] Saint Charles, Ark., Sept. 5, 1864. f Maj. Gen. C C. Washburn, Comd'g Dist. West Tenn. Sir: — I have the honor to report the arrival of the greater part of my command here at 5 o'clock this evening. * * * \ am hoping that PRICE'S RAID 187 it will not be necessary for my command to remain here long-, as I know that General Sherman is very much in need of us. I am, General, very respectfully, yours, Joseph A. Mower, Maj. Gen. Comd'y Div." " Headquarters 1st Div. 16th A. C, | Saint Charles, Ark., Sept. 186-t. \ Maj. Gen. F. Steele, ComcVg Dept. of Ark. General: — 1 have the honor to report the arrival of my command here, I have about ■4,000 infantry, 2 batteries, and 250 cavalry. I enclose herewith the extract from a letter of instructions from Maj. Gen. Wash- burn in which he directs me to return as soon as possible. An officer from General Sherman arrived at Memphis the day before I left, for the purpose of taking the right wing of 16th A. C. to Atlanta. This is, I presume, the reason of General Washburn's earnest desire that 1 return as soon as possible. I am awaiting your orders as to whether I shall remain here or proceed further. I am, General, very respectfully, your obt serv't. Joseph A. Mower, Maj. Gen. Comd'g Div." "Headquarters Dept. Ark., 1 Little Rock, Ark., Sept. 6, 1864. j Maj. Gen. Mower, Comd'g ist Div. i6th A. C: General:— Please bring your division to Devall's Bluff. It can be of no use to me at Saint Charles. I am anxious to put an end to the bold career of B^agan and Shelby and hope, with your assistance, to make quick work of it. Very respectfully, F. Steele, Maj. Gen. Comd'g. Telegram. "St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 8, 1864. General A. J. Smith, Cairo, 111. General Halleck telegraphs that you have General Grant's orders to operate against Price and will confer zvith me. Come up and bring all the information you can. W, S. RoSENCRANS, Maj. Gen." 188 TWELFTH REGIMEN! IOWA INFANTRY. "Cairo, Sept 8, 1864. Maj. Gkn. Halleck: I am here and will wait the order of Maj. Gen. Sherman. A.J Smith, Maj. Gen.' "Washington, Sept. 9, 1864. Lt. Gen. Grant, City Point, Va.: Sherman Consents to Smith going west. I have directed him to prepare his command for immediate operations. The question seems to be between his landing at Cape Girardeau, or returning to join Mower on the White River. Please signify your wishes on this point. H. W. Haixeck, Maj. Gen. and Chief of Staff." "CiTT Point, Va., Sept. 9, 1864. Maj. Gen. Halleck, Chief of Staff : I do not know enough of Price's strength and position to say what course A J. Smith should pursue. It probably will be best to give A. J. Smith the problem of catching Price and l«>t him work it out his own way. U. S. Grant, Lt. General." General Grant's advice was not followed. A. J. Smith did not get the problem to work out in his own way, but his command was trailed around over the state, following Price's cavalry and was finally left to march back to St. Louis under rush orders to join General Thomas at Nashville. Report of Major General Kosem-rans. "Department of Missouri, December 7, 1864. * * * On the 3d of September General Washburn gave informa- tion that a force under Shelby was about to join Price for the invasion of Missouri. On the 6th Maj. Gen. Smith was passing Cairo with a div- ision of infantry, on the way to General Sherman. I telegraphed Gen- eral Halleck and obtained orders to halt the division, to operate against Price & Co. * * * On the 5th of October General Mower reported at Cape Girardeau, out of supplies; his teams worn out, his cavalry dis- PRICE'S RAID 189 mounted and horses unshod. Transportation and supply boats were sent to him, and on the 8tli and 9th his command reached St. Louis, and was pushed forward to join General Smith. On the 17th Mower's infantry joined General Smith at La Mine river bridg-e. * » * Capturing at Little Osaere crossing-: 2 stands of colors, Maj. Gen. Marmaduke, Brig. Gen. Cabell, 5 Colonels, many other officers and 1,000 prisoners. * * * Meanwhile, at Sherman's urgent request, followed by orders from the General-in-Chief, I directed General Smith to move his command by the most expeditious route, to St. Louis, * then to embark and proceed to Nashville and report to Maj. Gen. Thomas. Maj. Gen. Smith deserves thanks for promtitude, enei'gy and perse- verence in all his movements. Nor must I omit a tribute of admiration to these brave and true soldiers who, under Mower, followed Price from Arkansas, marching 300 miles in 18 days, and then after going by boat to Jefferson City, again resuming the march of 162 miles, and then em- barked for Nashville to take part in the contest before that city, for the mastery of middle Tenness ee * * *. W. S. ROSENCRANS, Maj. Gen. Comd'g." * Note— The most cxpcditioxis route, according to Eoseucrans' idea, was to march the infantry 400 miles, while his railroad trains were occupied in transporting worn out horses and broken down mules and other plunder. CHAPTER XII. Battle of Nashville — December, 1864. After the capture of Atlanta, and while General Sherman was preparmg for the "March to the Sea," General Hood, C. S. A., in an attempt to draw Sherman away from Atlanta, concentrated an army at Tuscumbia, Ala., and made prepara- tion to cross the Tennessee river and invade the State of Tennessee. Instead of allowing this movement to interfere with his plans, Sherman sent General Thomas back to Nash- ville with orders to collect the scattered detachments of troops wherever stationed within the Department, and with them take care of Hood. Under these orders Thomas made urgent demands for the right wing of the 16fch corps, then in Missouri, to come to his assistance. General Smith, anxious to comply, marched his men with utmost speed to St. Louis, where they arrived destitute of clothing and equipments and were ordered to refit for another campaign as soon as possible. In reorganizing his army at Atlanta, General Sherman broke up the left wing of the 16th corps and transferred its two divisions to the 15th and 17th corps, and at the same time assigned some detached regiments of the 17th corps to the 16th. This gave General A. J. Smith command of entire 16th corps, which he organized as three divisions. The 1st division, commanded by Brig. Gen. J. McArthur, retained its old number and organization. The other troops were orga- nized as 2d division. Brig. Gen. Gerrard, commanding, and SA TTL E OF NASH VI L L E 191 3d division, Col. Moore, commanding. With his command thus reorganized and refitted for service General Smith hur- ried his troops toward Nashville as fast as transportation could be furnished. On Thanksgiving Day, Nov. 24, 1864, the 12th Iowa, Lt. Col. Stibbs commanding, left Benton Barracks, marched to the city and embarked on Steamer Silver Cloud. While the men were preparing to take their dinner of hard tack, the Christian Commission, in recognition of the day, sent on board the boat several barrels of apples, some canned fruits and jellies, and distributed these supplies freely among the men. These acceptable additions, to what would have been a dry dinner, w^ere appreciated by the boys and made them truly thankful to the good people, who had thus, a second time, proved that there were true and loyal hearts in St. Louis. The usual delay in moving large bodies of troops was experienced, and our boat did not leave the city until the 26th, but after getting started made a quick passage down the Mississippi, and up the Ohio to Smithland, Ky., where we arrived on the 28th. Here we were joined by the men who had been left in camp at Memphis. They had in charge all the camp and garrison equipage left by us when we were ordered to Arkansas months before. Receiving this stuff and the men in charge of it on board the boat, w^e proceeded up the Cumberland river, escorted by a gunboat. We arrived at Nashville on the moiming of December 1st, and learned of the fighting at Franklin the day before — Nov. 30 — that our forces had retired ; that Hood was then march- ing upon Nashville, and that our arrival was none too soon to assist in the impending battle. We disembarked at once and hurried to the front where the 16th corps formed line of battle across the Hardin pike about three miles from the city and awaited the coming of the enemy. General Hood had crossed the Tennessee at Tuscumbia, about November 10th, and moved out towards Nashville. General Sherman, seeing 192 r WELFTH REGIMEN T lO WA IN FA N TR Y. that Hood was well across the river, severed all communica- tion with the North, and, on the 12th, started on his "March to the Sea." General Thomas sent the 4th and 23d corps under General Schofield, to confront Hood and impede his march as much as possible without bringing on a general engagement. Schofield, following these instj'uctions, met Hood's advance but fell back before it until he reached Franklin on Harapeth river 18 miles from Nashville. While Schofield was preparing to cross this stream. Hood made a desperate attack — Nov. 30th — but was repulsed with heavy loss. Thomas, not desiring to risk another battle at Frank- lin, directed Schofield to fall back to Nashville. Schofield crossed the river during the night, and December 1st marched to Nashville closely followed by Hood and his army. When Gen. Thomas took command at Nashville he found under his command the 4th and 23d corps in Tennessee ; the 16th corps in Missouri ; a small force of Wilson's cavalry ; de- tachments of convalescent soldiers belonging to Sherman's army, and a large force of employes of the Quartermaster's Dept. The employes and dismounted cavalry were organized under the Quartermaster General and put to work building fortifications just outside the city limits. Railroad guards and detachments that could be spared were brought in and placed under the command of General Steedman, and called in some reports Steedman's corps. The total force December 1st, including the 16th corps, ofiicers and men, as shown by the reports, was 46,183. These were put in position upon the heights surrounding Nashville, about three miles from the city ; the 16th corps on the right ; the 4th corps in the center ; the 23d corps on the left — afterwards extended by part of Steedman's command to the river. The dismounted cavalry and employes, under command of Quartermaster General Donaldson, occupied the entrenchments nearer the city. The mounted cavalry, under General Wilson, was sent BATTLE OF NASH VI L L E 193 to the north side of the river to watch the cavalry of the enemy. NashviUe, on the south side of the Cumberland river, was built upon irregular ground which rises in places into knobs two or three hundred feet high. The country in the vicinity of the city is mostly in cultivated fields, and was in 1864 subdivided into small farms by heavy stone walls. Radiating from the center of the city like the spokes of a wheel are fine thoroughfares called pikes. The one running directly south is known as Granny White pike. East of this is Franklin pike, and then Nolensville pike. On the west is Hilsboro pike and farthest west Hardin pike. General Hood, following the retreating army ofSchofield, approached Nash- ville, Dec. 1st, by the Granny White and Franklin pikes with an army, organized into four corps, which were commanded by Generals S. D. Lee, A. P. Stewart, B. F. Cheatham and N. B. Forrest, and in numbers just about equal to that of Thomas in infantry, and superior to Thomas in cavalry. Discovering the Union army in line of battle, Hood deployed his force with Lee in the center across the Granny White pike ; Cheatham on the right across the Franklin pike ; Stewart on the left with one division, Loring's, in line with Lee facing north, the remainder of the corps facing nearly west and extending over a mile south behind the heavy double stone walls of Hillsboro pike. Forrest's cavalry and one brigade of infantry was deployed, across the Hardin pike, and to the river below the city. Artillery was dis- tributed along the line, and posted upon the prominent knobs, usually within the infantry line, but in some cases just outside. In positions thus taken, both armies proceeded to strengthen their front lines by barricades and such tempo- rary works as could be hastily constructed, and after slight skirmishing in getting the lines adjusted, settled down for a night's rest before commencing the engagement. The 12th Iowa went into line just to the right of the 194 TWELP TH REGIMENT 10 IV A INEANTR Y Hardin pike, the regimental line extending from the pike to the Nashville and Northwestern railroad, near the Joe. Elli- son place. The line was no sooner formed than the boys fell to work, and soon converted an old rail fence into a tem- porary breastwork. There was little demonstration in our front, and the boys soon prepared their bivouac for the night, fully expecting that a general engagement would be- gin at daylight next morning. Hood, evidently made cautious by experience at Frank- lin, delayed the attack day after day, while both armies were busily engaged planting batteries, building redoubts, and strengthening their positions. An occasional compliment of a solid shot or shell passed across the space between the armies; small affairs between scouting parties, or an attack upon some of our outposts served to keep both armies excited and on the alert. General Thomas, becoming tired of this by-play, issued orders for a general attack upon Hood to commence at day- light, December 10th. A heavy rain and sleet fell on the 9th, enveloping the whole country in a sheet of ice, which made it impossible for the army to move. Between the 1st and 10th of December, Thomas had been reinforced by detachments from railroad guards and other stations. Official returns of December 10th show his pres- ent for duty, officers and men, as follows: 4th corps, 15,101; 23d corps, 10,277; 16th corps, 11,926; cavalry, 8,239; Steedman's corps, district of Etawah, Veteran Reserves and unassigned, 15,053. Total, 60,596. The detachments, over 15,000, were stationed in inner works, and were not to be ordered out with attacking force. Consolidated returns of Hood's army, made the same day, December 10th, of all his forces except Forrest's cav- alry and four brigades of infantry that were operating with Forrest, show effective present, 36,434. The latest returns of Forrest's corps is 12,753, and the four brigades of infantry — BATTLE OF NASHVILLE 195 viz., Palmer's, French's, Sears' andCockrell's — is 4,400; mak- ing a total of Hood's army present. 53,591. Of this force there were reported sick and in arrest 2,108. This left the Con- federate army present for duty 51,483. On the 14th the weather moderated; a warm rain melted the ice and snow. Thomas at once renewed the order for attack to commence next morning. At a meeting of corps commanders it was arranged that the troops were to move out before daylight; that Smith's corps, after forming across the Hardin pike, should commence the attack by a left wheel of the whole corps, which, after dispersing the enemy's cav- alry, would attack the enemy's entrenched position along the Hillsboro pike. General Smith accepted with alacrity the assignment which would give his troops a position where they could press the fight, and before dawn on the 15th he had his corps in the position assigned. to it. In the camp of the 12th Iowa the men were awakened, without drum beat, before daylight. Breakfast was pre- pared and eaten, and as all were living in pup tents, with no baggage, except such as each man carried on his back, all were soon in line awaiting orders to march. As the compa- nies fell in that morning they found themselves in a very pecular situation. On the day we arrived at Nashville the mustering officer at the post informed the officers that a re- enlistment of a commissioned officer in veteran organizations was irregular, and that officers who had served three years might remuster or muster out. Under this ruling, all except five of the commissioned officers of the regiment mustered out. Those remaining were: Lieut. Col. J. H. Stibbs; Capt. S. G. Knee, Acting Major; Lieutenants O. T. Fuller, with Pioneer corps; D. W. Reed, Acting Adjutant; and H. C. Morehead, Quartermaster. This left the companies without a commissioned officer in the line. Notwithstanding this dis- advantage, the ranking sergeant of each company took com- 196 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY mand of his company, and brought it into place as promptly as ever. The regiment moved out along the Hardin pike, and took its place in the line. Company B, was sent out as skirmishers, and as soon as the fog, which had hidden the movement from the enemy, lifted, the line was ordered for- ward, and the grand left wheel of a corps in line of battle was commenced. BATTLEPf I1A5HVILLE-DEC. 15.1864. Smith's corps formed, with Gerrard's division on the left, connecting with the 4th corps; McArthur's division on the right and Moore's division in reserve. After the move- ment began, Wilson's cavalry formed on Smith's right flank and retained that position during the day. The 3d brigade, on the left of Mc Arthur's division, formed with 7th Minn, on the left; 12th Iowa on the right; the 33d Mo. and 35th Iowa in second line. In the forward movement McArthur's BATTLE OF NASHVILLE 197 division was first engaged with the enemy's cavalry, which was easily driven back. The movement continued, with skirmishing only, until after noon, when the division came into position parallel with, and within range of the enemy's line along the Hillsboro pike, where Walthall's and French's divisions were waiting behind double stone walls to receive it. The right of the division, assisted by Hatch's cavalry, captured two redoubts of the enemy — Nos. 4 and 5 — located on prominent knobs a little in advance of the main line. Hill's brigade arrived at a point abreast of another redoubt, mounting two guns and situated on the pike about 1,000 yards south of the angle in the Confederate line. The advance of the 12th Iowa was over rolling ground obstructed by ditches and fences and swe.pt by the artillery of the enemy. All mounted officers, finding it impossible to follow the line, on their horses, had dismounted and were serving on foot. At about 4 P. M. the regiment reached the foot of the knob in front of redoubt No. 3 and was ordered to lie down while skirmishers were called in and the line adjusted for a charge. Col. Hill moved the 35th Iowa to the right of the 12th and directed that when the charge was sounded the colors of the 12th should be carried directly to the center of the redoubt, the other regiments taking dis- tance to the right and left so as not to crowd. Col. Stibbs directed his Adjutant to conduct the colors, as soon as the charge sounded, and to see that they were carried Into the redoubt. The orders had no more than been delivered to the end of the line when the bugle sounded the charge. Every man of the regiment sprang to his feet and without firing a shot dashed up the hill and directly into the redoubt. Some of the men were able to jump the ditch and climb up the earthwork, while others were obliged to go down into the ditch and be helped up the other side. As our men went over the works the enemy left their guns and fell back across the stone walls and manning the battery in redoubt No. 2 198 TWELFTH REGIMEN! lOlVA INFANTRY poured vollies of grape into our ranks. The first discharge swept the top of the redoubt held by us, and killed Col. Hill who had just reached the works, and was directing further movements. Seeing the necessity of some action to take the men out of range of these guns, Adjutant Eeed commanded "forward,'" and retaining his position with the colors con- ducted them across the pike and over the two stone walls, driving the enemy away, then wheeling the left half of the regiment to the left charge into redoubt No. 2, capturing three guns and a number of prisoners. In this movement Col. Marshall, of 7th Minn., joined the left wing of the 12th with a part of his regiment, and the two detachments fol- lowed the retreating enemy about a quarter of a mile, cap- turing the caissons of the battery and some more prisoners. The right wing of the 12th went steadily forward from redoubt No. 3, over the stone walls, and pursued the enemy across the fields for some distance. By the death of Col. Hill, Col. W. R. Marshall of 7th Minn, succeeded to the com- mand of the 3d brigade. He was informed of Col. Hill's death, by Adjutant Reed, just as the parts of the 7th Minn, and 12th Iowa were storming the redoubt No. 2. The gallant Colonel's only reply, when told that he was brigade com- mander, was: " We can't stop to change commander's now. My orders are to be guided by movements of the 12th Iowa, and until that battery is silenced I will go where the 12th goes." Col. Marshall re-formed his brigade about midway be- tween the Hillsboro and Granny White pikes and bivouacked for the night. In the movements of the afternoon, which resulted in the capture of the redoubts and in breaking the Confederate line on Hillsboro pike. Hill's brigade crowded Gerrard's division out of the line and reached the angle of the Confederate line in advance of the 4th corps, which was approaching the angle at the same time from tlie north. After the detach- ments of 12th Iowa and 7th Minn, had captured redoubt No. BA TTL E OF NASH VILLE 199 2, and were following the fleeing enemy some distance be- yond, Some of the 4th corps entered the redoubt from the north and claimed that they were the captors of the battery. The division commander, Col. Elliott, says: "As we ap- proached the eiiemy's works the front of the division became contracted because of its connection on the right with troops of General Smith. * * * The division advanced rapidly and entered the works of the enemy covering Hillsboro pike, simultaneously with troops of General Smith, capturing artil- lery, prisoners and a flag." This claim was disputed by General McArthur, but was adjusted by dividing the guns between the two divisions — three to each — though General McArthur says: "In consequence of the death of Col. Hill the guns and prisoners were not cared for, but were taken possession of by other troops, and the brigade did not get the credit it was entitled too." The operations of Smith's corps, during the day, were perfectly successful in every particular, and resulted in the rout of Hood's left wing. The work had been done almost entirely by McArthur's division. Of the 16 guns captured on the field that day, McArthur's division has offtcial credit for 11, and there is no possible doubt but that he was entitled to three more. The 3d brigade, by its brilliant charge upon, and capture of redoubt No. 3, followed by an immediate attack upon the stone walls and defeat of Walthall's division, con- tributed largely to the success of the division. The 12th Iowa was conspicuous in all the movements, and by initiating and leading the charge upon redoubt No. 2, added to its record the most notable achievement of the day. The death of the gallant Col. Hill, who fell at the moment of victory, is the subject of a full page illustration in Harper's Weekly of January 14, 1865. The Confederate left, as it was driven from the Hillsboro pike, retreated southeast and took a strong position about two miles to the rear, Coleman's brigade of French's 200 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY division occupied Shy's Hill. Walthall's division, behind a heavy stone wall, extended the line directly east to the Granny White pike, where it was joined by Loring's division, continuing the line towards Franklin pike. The very strong position on Shy's Hill was attacked about 5 P. M. by a division of the 23d corps that had been sent to Smith's right from the reserve. The attack was repulsed, and night put an end to the conflict. Aia QONIdOl 9dy00 9.331 2 ■ « ^ >> ;2 "^ S ;iyvA\-3 19 Aia s;nvHiiv/v\ -Z -^ -§ -i y c> Qc 1- z: < r > r> < UJ Z -<£ S3±vg M5M]yj < ►- "J- -> r^y 5 5 . a. oe o o < 4r"C0RP6 y^ 7'MINW. I2"I0WA. LU > X < z o ^'"^BRIO ^ARTHUR' uu ■X. •< IK l^'BRIO. D 1 V. v« / Hood's left having been broken and driven from the field he made haste, during the night, to re-establish his line of battle at the position chosen by Stewart. Lee's corps was withdrawn and placed at Loring's right extending the line to Overton Hills. Cheatham's corps was transferred to the left and put in line running directly south from Shy's Hill, and at right angles with Walthall's division. This line was strongly entrenched behind stone walls, which were, in BATTLE OF NA SH VIL L E 201 Loring's line at least, re-enforced by rails set outside the wall, one end in the ground, the other end projecting above the wall at an angle of about 45 degrees. This re- enforce- ment protected the wall and its defenders from our artillery fire, and made it very difficult for assaulting column to scale the wall when it was reached. On the morning of December 16, 1864, the Union army was in line east of, and parallel to, the Hillsboro pike. The 23d corps on the right, its left opposite Shy's Hill. The 16th corps in the center. The 4th corps on the left. At daybreak the advance was ordered and the movement began by a right wheel of the 4th and 16th corps, until the line was brought parallel with Hood's new line. As then formed, the 23d corps faced east opposite Cheatham's corps. The 16th corps faced south opposite Stewart's corps. The 4th corps also facing south opposite Lee's corps. The 1st brigade of McArthur's division was on the right, in front of Shy's Hill, the 2d brigade on the right and the 3d brigade on the left of the Granny White pike. The 12th Iowa on the right of its brigade, between Mrs. Bradford's house and the pike, was partially sheltered by a half stone wall. These positions were gained with little opposition, except artillery fire, and at about noon the two armies were facing each other within easy range. Batteries were stationed on commanding knobs and kept up a continuous duel with the guns of the enemy. At about 3 o'clock the 4th corps made an attack upon the Confederate position on Overton Hills and was repulsed with heavy loss after an engagement of half an hour. McArthur then asked permission to make an attack with his division and proposed to move his first brigade to the right, in front of the left of the 23d corps, where the hillside gave most protection, and make an attack upon Shy's Hill, which was the strongest point in the enemy's line and the key to his position. McArthur accompnied his request with the state- ment: "Unless orders are received to the contrary, I shall 202 TWELFTH REG TMENT 10 IV A IN FA NTRY understand that I have the permission and shall act accord- ingly." General Smith referred the request to general Thomas for approval. Thomas doubted Mc Arthur's ability to carry the hill and went to consult with Schofield. Receiv- ing no reply to his request, McArthur took it for granted that his plan was approved and ordered McMillan to move his brigade to the right, into a slight ravine in front of Couch's division, and, when the charge was sounded, to move directly up the hill against the enemy. He sent orders to his 2d and 3d brigades to observe the movements of the 1st brigade and when that was half way up the hill to advance immediately and attack the enemy in their front. The attack was made with great spirit. McMillan's men swept up Shy's hill and drove the enemy out. Hubbard's brigade, moving across a level field, met a more stubborn resistance and suffered more severely, but was equally suc- cessfull in its chaage. The 3d brigade charged across an open field, straight upon a four gun battery. It captured the entire battery and many of its support, and pursued the broken ranks of the enemy to the hills in rear of his line, capturing many prisoners. McArthur's attack was en- tirely successful. It broke the enemy's line at the an- gle, and from left and right the Confederates fled from their positions in wild confusion and rout. Some regiments held on to the last and surrendered in form, but most of them broke their organizations, threw away their arms and fled. Among those captured by McArthur's division were Generals Johnson, Smith and Jackson, with about 3,000 oificers and men of their commands. The impartial histor- ian who reads the records carefully and studies the reports on both sides, cannot fail to discover that to Brig. Gen. Mc- Arthur should be given the credit of the final success of the battle of Nashville. His troops did the fighting both days. His plan on the second day, successfully carried out by his men, caused the rout of the enemy. The loss in the division BATTLE OF NASHVILLE 203 was: 1st brigade, 118; 2d brigade, 315; 3d brigade, 145. Total, 578. The loss in the 16th corps was 750. The action of ihe 12th Iowa during the entire battle was highly commended by brigade and division commanders. The men responded gallantly and with enthusiam to every order given, and seemed to be determined to show that a lack of officers should make no difference in the efficiency of companies. It was noted by officers present that the men never charged more heroically; never kept their ranks more per- fectly closed up and were never more elated over their splendid success. The only effort needed by the officers was to curb enthusiasm and keep the more fleet ones from getting too far ahead of the colors. This spirit of enthusiasm seemed to possess all the men of the 16th corps. They knew the gallant record of comrades of the 4th and 23d corps, and had been told by them: "You fellows think you have done some pretty good fighting, but wait until you meet Hood's veterans and you will think you never saw fighting before." The boys waited, and on the loth, under the eye of General Thomas, swept the left of Hood's veteran army off the field. And next day with one brigade, captured the enemy's strongest posi- tion from the very front of a division of the 28d corp, and with two brigades swept across an open field; drove the enemy from a strong position and captured a force equal to their own. This, too, after a failure of the 4th corp to cap- ture a like position. It is said that General Thomas, sitting on his horse and observing the charge of McArthur's division, said to General Smith in a nervous way as if fearing a repulse: "Your men go with too much of a rush. General, you should keep the column steadier." "You will see that they get there just the same," was "Greybeard's'' only reply. Night was falling when the victory was completely won. A drenching rain set in to add to the darkness and conf u- 204 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY sion, and to render pursuit of the enemy impossible. Under cover of the darkness Hood's routed army fled with scarcely a semblance of organization until it had crossed the Harpeth river. Here the bridge was burned and sufficient number of regiments re-organized for a rear guard and the army con- tinued its retreat. General Thomas ordered the 4th corps to pursue the enemy along the Franklin pike; the cavalry along Granny White pike, and directed Smith and Schofield to collect abandoned property and prisoners, and then follow in the pursuit, Saturday morning, December 17th, a detail of 200 men was made from the 12th Iowa to guard prisoners and con- duct them to Nashville. This detail, under the command of Adjutant Reed escorted about one thousand prisoners to the Provost Marshal's office in Nashville, received receipts for. the same and rejoined the regiment early on morning of 18th. The total number of prisoners receipted for to McArthur's division was 3,109. The official reports of the battle of Nashville are as follows : "Headquarters 12th Iowa Vet. Vol. Infantry, ) Near Pulaski, Tenn., Dec. 28, 1864. \ Henry Hoover, y?. ^. .^4. 6"., 3d Brigade, ist Division, Detachment Army of th^ Tennessee: Lieutenant : I have the honor to make the following reuort of the part taken by the 12th Iowa Veteran Infantry during the actions of the 15th and 16th of December, 1864, near Nashville, Tenn. In accordance with instructions from your headquarters, I had my men under arms at 6 o'clock on the morning of the 15th, and soon after moved outside our line of works, and formed line to the right of the Hard- ing pike. We threw forward a heavy line of skirmishers, and awaited the forming of the general line. At about 10 o'clock, the order to advance being given, our skirmishers pushed rapidly forward and found a considerable force of the enemy, who were easily driven back. Our main line advanced steadily and without opposition, constantly changing our point of direction towards the left, until we had advanced two miles. BATTLE OF NASHVILLE 205 when, cominff on to the crest of a hill, we were opened on by one of the enemy's batteries, posted directly in our front and distant about a thous- and yards. Our men were then ordered to lie down, and our brigade bat- tery brought forward and opened Are on the enemy. We were held in this position for about an hour and a half; the enemy keeping up a con- stant fire on our line, doing us but little damage. We were then moved forward, swinging our line to the left, and con- forming to the line on our right. After advancing about half a mile, we came upon a strong redoubt of the enemy, situated to the right of the Hillsboro pike, and just live miles from Nashville; our line was pushed well forward, and shortly before 4 o'clock, P. M., everything being ready, we were ordered to charge. Our men moved rapidly up the hill, but, before gaining the crest, the enemy moved their guns and most of their support to a fort about three hundred yards in the rear, from which they gave us a heavy raking fire as we moved upon and over the first work. On gaining the first work, our brigade commander. Col. S. G. Hill, .35th Iowa, was shot through the head, and instantly killed. Our brigade line being in considerable disorder, I ordered the command halted, and lines re-formed, which order was promptly complied with, our men in the meantime keeping up a heavy fire on the enemy in our front. On gaining the crest of the first hill. Col. Marshall, of the 7th Minnesota, and Lieut. Reed, acting Adjutant 12th Iowa, with about two hundred men of the two regiments, being in advance, pushed rapidly forward, obliquing to the left, and captured the second work, with a large number of prisoners, three or four guns, several ammunition wagons, and a large number of small arms. The balance of the brigade, as soon as formed, moved forward, but, night coming on, we were compelled to halt. Col. Marshall, 7th Min- nesota, assumed command of the brigade, and having properly re-formed our lines, ordered us to bivouac for the night. It is impossible to give an exact estimate of jjrisoners, and property captured in this charge, as all were so anxious to pursue the enemy that prisoners and captured prop • erty were given over to or taken possession of by other commands that came up in our rear. The loss of my regiment, in this day's fight, was seven men wounded. On the morning of the 16th, we were called up before daylight, and moved by the flank half a mile to the right, taking position on and join- ing the left of the 2d brigade of our division, my regiment forming the right of our brigade line. About 8 o'clock, our skirmishers having driven the enemy in front back to their works, we were ordered to move forward, and advanced on the double-quick for about half a mile, rapidly swinging our line and changing our direction to the right, until we had 206 TWELFTH REGIMENT 10 WA INEANTR Y arrived within short musket range of the enemy's works, when we were ordered to halt. During the advance, the enemy opened on us heavily with artillery, but owing to our rapid movement, and their inaccurate aim, we suffered but little. After a ten minutes' rest, we were order'ed to close to the right and double our lines. The brigade on our right having doubled and left an interval in the line, I moved by the flank and closed on them, forming my line with the ri^ht resting on the Granny White pike; the 7th Minnesota formed on my left, and the other I'egi- ments of the brigade, 33d Missouri and 35th Iowa, formed a second line in our rear. Our front was covered by a stone wall and a heavy rail fence, which we threw down and formed into a slight breastwork. We were kept in this position during the greater part of the day. The enemy, in the meantime, kept up a troublesome musketry fire on our line, but by keeping close to our work, we suffered but little damage. Co. C. of my regiment, detailed as sharpshooters, kept up a vigorous fire on the enemy, and during the day rendered excellent service. About 3 o'clock, P. M., I was ordered to throw up an earthwork in my front, and procured tools, and had my work half completed, when, at about 4 o'clock, a charge was commenced by the right of our division. I at once ordered my men to cease work and prepare for a charge, and a moment afterwards, being told that we were ordered to advance, I gave the command, Forward. The ground in our front was such that we passed one-third the distance bsfore we were fairly under fire, and after that our movement was so rapid that the enemy could give us but two or three volleys before we were at their works. The work was a heavy stone wall, with a ditch on the inner side, and the outer face strengthened with earth and rails, so that it was almost impossible to scale it Had the enemy made a deter- mined stand, they might have inflicted very serious injui-y on us before losing their works; but their line having been broken on the left, and our advance being so rapid and determined, they were thrown into a panic and fled from their works in confusion, leaving their colors guns, cais- sons, and hundreds of prisoners in our hands. After the works had been taken, I moved my regiment rapidly for- ward for about half a mile, when I was ordered to the rear to pick up prisoners and captured property. In this charge, as on the previous day, it was impossible to get a list of what we had captured. Larg-e numbers of prisoners were taken by our men, driven to the rear, and there taken charge of by officers of other commands. I collected about two hundred prisoners, and sent them, under charge of my own men, to Nashville. On going to the rear, I found, on the line of works charged by our brigade, four 12-pound Napoleon guns, with caissons complete, one army wagon, and about four or five hundred stand of small arms, all of which I col- BA TTL E OF NASH VI L L E 20*7 lected and turned ovei' to a pi-oper offlcer; after which I moved my regi- ment to the front and bivouacked for the night. My loss in this day's fight, was one man killed, and eleven wounded. During the charge on this day, there were four flags captured by men of my regiment, but two of them, captured by Privates Samuel H. Flint, Co. D, and Michael Wivinas, Co. I, were afterwai^ds thrown down by them in oi'der that they might continue th pursuit of the enemy. I still have in my possession two flags, one a large regimental flag captured by Corporal Luther P. Kaltenbach, Co. F, and a battery flag, captured by Private A. J. Sloan, Co. H. I take great pleasure in mentioning Capt. S. G. Knee, Co. H, Act'g Major, Lieut. D. W. Reed, Co. C, Acting Adjutant, and Lieut. H. C. Morehead, Co D, Acting Quartermaster, for their valuable services rendered on the field. Assistant Surgeon Underwood stood faithfully to his post, and dressed the wounds of our men, where the fire was the hot- test. Chaplain Humphrey rendered invaluable service, in caring for our wounded on the field and in the hospitals. Serg't Major Burch, and Color Sergeants Grannis and Clark, displayed skill and courage in the performance of their duties. I desire to call your esjiecial attention to the fact that, during the two days' fight, my regiment was almost entirely unofficered, all the line officers of my regiment, except four, having been mustered out of service on the 1st inst., and all my com- panies being commanded by Sergeants. All did their duty nobly, and are deserving of an especial mention, but to mention particularly deserving ones, I would have to name all, as every man of the regiment did his whole duty. 1 transmit herewith a list of the casualties in my regiment during the two days' fight as follows: December loth. WOUNDED— Edwin W. Wood and Stephen Wood, Co. B, severely: Isadore L. Jordan, Co. C, arm, severely; Benjamin Delezene, Co C, arm and side, severely; Jas. Lanagan, Co. D, leg, severely; W. Doleshal, Co. D, side, slightly; Corporal .Joseph Eldridge, Co. P, head, slightly; Peter Larson, Co. G, foot, slightly. December lOth. KILLED — James Loring, Co. F. WOUNDED-Curtis Tap, Co. A, foot, slightly; Knud Iverson, Co. B, hand, slightly; David Conner, Co. C, thigh, severely; George A. Burroughs, Co. C, shoulder, slightly; James D Fearner, Co. D, side, slightly: Russell H. Peasley, Co. F, head, slightly: Ole Tande Hanson, Co. G, abdomen. 208 7 WELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY slightly; Gustave Helgerson, Co. G, side, mortally; Wm. Cock, Co. H, thig-h, severely; Edward Wells, Co. 1, knee, severely, amputated; Michael McDermott, Co. I, hand, slightly. Very respectfully yours, Jno. H. Stibbs, Lieut. Col. Commanding 12th Iowa Infantry. Account by Chaplain Humphrey: * * * About 11 o'clock the long columns of Schofield's corps rapidly came from the left, and, moving down the Hardin pike, formed their lines of battle at the left of the pike, and moved up to the rear of Smith's corps, which was obliqued and mov.ed a little to the left, so that the whole of McArthur's division was now on the left of the Hardin pike. As I stood on the highest bluff in the line of our fortifications and saw the lines of battle formed by the 16th and 2,3d corps on the smooth, open plain below, and then saw them deploy with regimental banners, battle flags and national colors unfurled, and advance with measured step, I could see neither the pomp or pageantry of which we read in books. AH was simple, yet grand. There was no nodding plumes; no tawdry uniforms bespangled with stars of gold; no richly caprisoned chargers. But there were men, earnest men- men who knew their duty to God and country, and clothed in simple blue, soiled by fatigue, yet the symbol of fidelity, and armed with sword, musket and rifled artillery — were going into the field to do their duty, a sublime ex- hibition of the nation's power. For the past two hours the irregular rattling fire of skirmishers has crashed along the line just in front of our advancing columns. But now the heavy bass tones of artillery join the tenor of musketry. Smith's corps is gradually wheeling to the left and bending back the rebel left wing. They obstinately dispute the advance of our lines. As we api^roach their detached intrenchments, new batteries from powerful redoubts open upon our troops. Now along a line of two miles I can see the flashes from the guns and exploding shells of eight batteries; four rebel and four loyal. More than forty guns make the earth quake with their thunder, and hurl the shrieking shells, bursting beyond, above, and among hostile battalions. Our troops falter not; but press on, now lying down to let the missiles of death pass over them; now crouching, advancing; then upright and double-quicking across an exposed field: then lying quiet behind a wood, wall, or elevated ridge. Now the bat- teries concentrated a cross-fire upon a rebel redoubt, and Hubbard's and BA TTL E OF NASH VILLE 209 McMillan's brigades charge up the hill and enter the works. The reb- els fly to a second redoubt two hundred yards above. The captured guns are turned upon the upper redoubts, while the shells from that came down like hail upon our men in the first. Must our men retreat from or die in the hostile trenches? No; a line of musketry smoke sweeps up the hill, concealing the storming pai'ty from our sight, but telling us that our heroes are charging that redoubt, too. A few moments, and the stars and stripes float above the ramparts of the second redoubt. Meantime Hill's men, who had borne the brunt of the battle of Tupelo, and had witnessed the splendid charge of their comrades, were eager to emulate their heroism and storm the formidable redoubts far in their front. As the corps continues wheeling to the left, an opportunity is soon presented to gratify their demands. About six hundred yards in advance of the brigade, near the Hillsboro pike, on a high and bastion- like ridge, is another redoubt, whose i^ebel Napoleons redouble their fire and seem striving to make good the loss of the two first redoubts, and hurl back our advancing columns. Shot and the fragments of shell fill the air. The roar of artillery, like Niagara's, is incessant, and the flashes of exploding shells follow each other like the vivid flashes of lightning. An officer of another brigade said to me: "Those guns are more annoying to our line than any other rebel battery." The guns must be silenced and the redoubt captured without delay. Colonel Hill saw that it could only be carried by direct assault in front, and immedi- ately ordered a charge. The boys welcomed the order with a battle cheer, fixed bayonets, and under a terrific fire of shot, minnie balls and bursting shell, with uniform step and steady column, they descend a gentle slope, cross a ravine, and, on the double-quick move, up the hill and into the enemy's works. Sergeants Grannis and Clark, of the 12th Iowa, in advance of the charging line, first plant the regimental colors upon the rebel battlement. The brave Colonel Hill, mounted on hox'se- back and gallantly leading his brigade, fell from his horse, shot through the head, just as his troops were carrying the breastworks of the enemy. The enemy had hastily limbered up the guns of the fort, withdrawn to a redoubt about 300 yards, and again opened with grape, canister and musketry upon our men just as they entered the first redoubt. Contin- uing to advance, the brigade charged across Hillsboro pike, up to the second redoubt, captured its guns, caissons, horses, one headquarters and thirteen baggage wagons and 250 prisoners. Colonel Marshall, not stopping to look after captured property, nor even to receive the swords presented to him by rebel officers, and Adjutant Reed, of the 12th Iowa, with about 100 men, had not stopped in the second redoubt, but pressed on after the flying fugitives to the third redoubt in front of the 4th 210 TWEL Fl H REGIMENT 10 IV A INF ANTE Y coi'p?. Adjutant Reed entered it from the rear with a few men of the Twelfth just as those of the 4th corps came over the works from the front. * * * The morning of the 16th opened clear and bright. At 8 o'clock artillery gradually opened along the lines. Smith corps wheeled to the right, bringing McArthur's division, within easy range of the rebel center. • * * When McArthur's division moved against the advanced and power- ful lines of the enemy, the artillery volleyed its thunderbolts of death and the musketry poured an avalanche of leaden hail into our double line of battle. Amidst the thunder of batteries which shook the earth for miles around and the tremendous roar of musketry, such as veterans of our hottest battles had never heard before, these three devoted bri- gades moved into the "jaws of death, into the mouth of hell." It does seem that the division must recoil, retreat, or sink to the earth beneath the weight of metal shot through its ranks. No; their columns neither fall back, nor waver, nor go down; but on, on they go, a double row of iron hearts: McMillan's brigade up the steep hill, Hubbard and Mar- shall's over the soft, open, unobstructed field, enfiladed by two batteries from the right and swept by another a few rods in front, and by minnie balls from the enemy's double line of battle. Now our men almost touch the muzzles of hostile guns, when all up that long line one more sheet of lightning flashes death to the dauntless hearts of our heroes, and then they scale the fiery wall, and the death-dealing batteries and muskets and the veteran rebels of Stewart's corps are the prisoners of brave McArthur's brave men. The awful reverberations roll oft' and die away in the distance. Long columns of captives are disarmed and marched to the rear. A hundred thousand hearts beat easier as they realized that the charge was successful. On the field men who had been at Donelson, Shiloh and Vicksburg said: "It is the greatest charge of the war. " Different men, so stationed as to see only the operations of one brigade, awai'd the highest praise, each, to the brigade whose charge they had witnessed; one to Marshall's, another to Hubbard's, a third to McMillan's. I can make no distinction. They won the title of "bravest of the brave." History will place their charge beside that of Napoleon's Old Guard. Its fruits were a broken rebel center, nearly .3,000 prisoners with their arms, 16 pieces of artillery, two Brigadiers, Smith and Jackson, and one Major General, Johnson. BA TTL E OF NASH I 'ILL E 211 Colonel Marshall's report: Headquarters 3d Brig., IstDiv.. 16th A. C, \ Near Pulaski, TENN.,Dec. 28, 1864. S Capiain W. H. F. Randall, A. A. C, ist Div., i6th A. C: Captain: I have the honor to report the following as the part taken by this command in the battle before Nashville on the 15th and 16th instant: In obedience to orders from commander of division, the 3d brigade, composed of 12th Iowa, 7th Minnesota, 33d Missouri and 35th Iowa In- fantry, and Battery I, 2d Missouri Artillery, moved from behind in- trenchments before Nashville at 7 A. M., 15th inst., and formed line of battle with left of brigade resting on the Hardin pike. Two companies were ordered forward as skirmishers, and at 10 A. M. the line advanced towards the enemy's position, crossing the Hardin pike obliquely to the left, conforming to the movements of the general line on our right and left. Our skirmishers, pushing rapidly forward, were soon briskly engaged with those of the enemy. Driving the latter back, about 12 M., we arrived in front of formidable works on the enemy's left, and were exposed to a heavy artillery fire from the same. Captain Julian's bat- tery was ordered into position, and opened promptly a impid and effective fire on the enemy's works. The cannonading was kept up on both sides for more than an hour. The enemy's guns pouring a heavy fii'e into the exposed men of our battery, the infantry was ordered to lie down, to lessen their exposure. About 2 P. M. the right of our division (the 1st and 2d brigades, with Hatch's dismounted cavalry co-operating) assaulted and captured the fort at the enemy's left. During the time the enemy's extreme left was being turned, the 3d brigade was exposed to a partially enfilading fire from a fort immediately on the right of the Hillsboro pike, and nearly in front of our left. Tliis fort was on elevated ground, giving its guns great I'ange. Soon the 3d brigade moved to the left and advanced over open and exposed ground to a brook valley at the foot of the hill on which the fort was situated, and advanced to near three hundred yards distance from the fort, and lay down. The battery was advanced to the ridge in rear of the infantry, and at short range poured a terrific fire into the fort, that in due time almost silenced the enemy's artillery. Our skirmishers, from such cover as they could get, kept up a constant fii'e wherever the enemy were exposed. It was nearly 4 P. M., when the brigade was ordered to assault the fort. With a shout the men arose from the ground, ascended the hill in the face of a storm of missiles, and captured the fort, not, however, without paying dearly for it in the loss of the noble, good 212 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY and gallant Colonel Hill, who fell just as we gained the parapet of the fort, by a musket ball through the head. I now took command of the brigade. The enemy had withdrawn their artillery from the fort before we had reached it. We captured about fifty prisoners in the fort. When there we found ourselves exposed to a destructive fire from a second work of the enemy, about two hundred yards to the left of the Hillsboro pike, and a continuation of the detached works that constituted the main line of the enemy's fortifications. Scarcely halting in this first fort, that part of the brigade which was on the left, quickly advanced to the second fort, and, charging it, carried the work, capturing one gun, caisson battery wagon, horses, and other property, and pressing on after the retreating enemy, captured two more guns, and about one hundred prisoners. Just beyond the second fort, my line came in rear of the enemy's line of works just at the time the 4th corps was charging them in front. The withering fire that the 3d brigade poured into the enemy's rear con- tributed to the success of the 4th corps. Indeed, at this time our fire killed more of the enemy than at any other time during the day. I fol- lowed up the enemy until I found myself considerably in advance of the troops on my right and left, when I fell back even with the general line, and received orders to bivouac for the night. At 8 A. M., 16th, the brigade was ordered forward in line of battle toward the Granny White pike, conformably to a general movement on the right and left. Our skirmishers were soon engaged. We were wheeled rapidly to the right, bringing the line ^perpendicular to the Granny Whita pike. Captain .Julian's battery took position on the left of the pike, about three hundred yards in the rear of the Bradford man- sion. The enemy was found in force and strongly fortified. As we ad- vanced the enemy opened with musketry and artillery upon us. We halted in this jilace until 4 P. M., when I observed a movement on the right of the division, indicating that an assault on the enemy's works was intended. It was soon apparent that the 1st brigade was charging the high hill directly in its front. When the movement was fairly begun, I saw the 2d brigade move to the assault. Although I had no orders to charge, I saw that Colonel Hubbard ought to be supported, and I ordered the 3d brigade to rise and charge forward. A terrific fire of grape, canistry, shells and musketry greeted us; but with unsurpassed bravei\y and persistence our line carried the enemy's works. By the nature of the echelon movement, the brigades entered the works in the order of numbers from the right. Athough the 3d brigade was the last in gaining the enemy's works, it was not less exposed, having to meet BATTLE OF NASHVILLE 213 the fire from a four-gun battery. As the brigade passed over the works, the gallant 2d brigade was seen sweeping down on the right. It claimed a share in the capture of the battery, and. although there could be no doubt that the 3d brigade first entered the works on the left, I was not disposed to insist on our claim: and in view of the fact that the 2d bri- gade gained the right of the pike before I did on the left, and would have been able, by a flank movement, to carry the works I cap- tured, I conceded two of the guns to him. We captured five guns, two battle flags, and four hundred prisoners, and an equal numljer of small arms. We pursued nearly a mile to the foot of the mountains, capturing prisoners until dark, when we were ordered into line and bivouacked for the night. I desire to call attention to the unusual circumstance of the 12th Iowa going into and through the fight without line officers. The regi- ment, however, under command of Lt. Col. Stibbs and Captain Knee, Acting Major, and Adjutant D W. Reed, did its duty as gallantly as if its full complement of officers were present. To recapitulate, the following captures were made by the brigade: Five guns, 5 caissons, 2 battle flags, and 500 prisoners. Many more prisoners were actually captured by the 3d brigade, but were taken to the rear by, and credited to, other troops. Respectfully, W. R. MARSHAL!., Col. 7th Minn., Commdg. Brigade. Report of General McArthur, commanding 1st division, 16th A. C: * * * My division being on the flank, the whole swinging to our left as a pivot, our march was necessarily long and tiresome. After crosing the Hardin road the 1st brigade encountered the first redoubt of four guns on the enemy's extreme left. * * (Redoubts 4 and 5 were captured by 1st and 2d brigades. ) While this was going on the 3d brigade captured a redoubt commanding the Hillsboro pike and carried it in gallant style, but passing on, the guns, together with a number of prisoners were taken in possession by the 4th corps, which might have been properly credited had not Colonel Hill, commanding the brigade, been killed in the charge. For further evidence I refer to Brig. Gen. Garrard, commanding 2nd division. * * * On the morning of the 16th I moved the division forward by wheeling to the right, forming at right angles to the position held the night previous— with the Granny White pike running through between the 2nd and 3rd brigades— and moved up, at 9 A. M., to within charging V 214 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY distance of the enemy's main line of works, but finding- no disposition by the corps on my right to co-operate with me I ordered the command to construct rifle pits to protect themselves from the infantry fire of the enemy's main line. Continuing in this position until 3 o'clock, when again consulting with General Couch, commanding division on my right, and being informed that he had no orders to advance, and fearing that if delayed until next day the night would be emjjloyed bv the enemy to our disad- vantage, I determined to attack. Sending word to this effect to the Major General commanding the corps, and no contrary orders being received, I prepared for the assault. In order to do so successfully it was necessary that the hill on the enemy's extreme left, and immedi- ately in front of the 23d corps, should be taken first. I therefore ordered the 1st brig'ade to move by the right flank and take position in front of the hill, and then move forward and take the hill. The 2d and 3d brigades having orders to charge as soon as the 1st brigade had advanced half way up the hill, which was the salient point in the enemy's position. The 1st brigade with fixed bayonets, without a cheer or firing a shot, but with a firm resolve and without doubting their success, commenced the difficult ascent, and without a halt, although exposed to a murderous fire, which none but the bravest could withstand, planted their colors upon the very apex of the hill. At the appointed time the 2d and 3rd brigades moved forward on the enemy's works. Their path lay across a corn field traversed by stone walls and ditches which, together with the softness of the grovmd ; exposed as they were to a direct fire in front and enfiladed by batteries on the flanks, for a time held with intense interest the most experienced officers who beheld it ; but onward was their motto, and their banners were soon planted on the works that had been defended by the choicest troops of the rebel army, calling forth the remark of the rebel officers, that powder and lead were inadequate to resist such a charge. On the division pressed gathering in prisoners by the hundreds and guns by batteries, until the hills in rear of the enemy's line were secured, when the line was formed for the night and attention turned to the many brave officers and men who had so gloriously maintained their country's honor and sealed it with their blood. * * * I am greatly indebted to the following members of my stafl" for valu- able services througout. * * * Dr. S. W. Huft', surgeon in chief. * * * I wish particularly to mention the gallant conduct of Col. W. R. Marshall, 7th Minn., commanding 3d brigade. Called to take command during the first day's battle and continuing throughout. His admirable management and example stamp him as an officer of rare merit. J. McArthur, Brig. Gen. BA TTL E OF NASH VIL L E 215 Report of Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith, commanding 16th A. C: * * * A small earthwork on a hill in front of Colonel Hill's bri- gade of McArthur's division was carried by that brigade in gallant style, capturing the guns and many prisoners. On entering the work Col. S. G. Hill, commanding 3d brigade, 1st division, was struck in the forehead by a musket ball and died almost instantly. In consequence, the guns and prisoners were not properly cared for and turned over, but were taken possession of by other troops, and the brigade did not get the credit which it justly deserved. * * * On the morning of the 16th, advancing my lines in the same order as on the previous day. * * * About 3 o'clock General McArthur sent word that he coukl carry the hill on his right by assault. Major General Thomas being present, the matter was referred to him, and I was requested to delay the movement until he could hear from General Schotield, to whom he had sent. General McArthur, not receiving a reply, and fearing that if the attack should be longer delayed, the enemy would use the night to strengthen his works, directed the 1st brigade to storm the hill, on which was the left of the enemy's line, and the 2d and 3d brigades of that division to attack in front when the 1st brigade was half way up the hill. Accordingly Colonel McMillan formed his brigade in two lines, and gave his men orders not to cheer or fire a shot until the works should be gained, he commenced his. ascent. He had no sooner commenced his movement than the 2d brigade took up the attack, imme- diately followed by the 3d brigade. The enemy opened ^with a fierce storm of shell, canister and mus- ketry, sadly decimating the ranks of many regiments, but nothing save annihilation could stop the onward progress of that line. Sweeping for- ward the right of the line up the hill and the left through the mud and over walls,'' they gained the enemy's works, calling forth the remark from one of their general officers that "powder and lead were inadequate to resist such a charge." The enemy was whipped, broken and demoral- ized. Prisoners were taken by the regiment and artillery by batteries. In this one charge the two divisions (1st and 2d) captured 27 pieces of artillery complete, over 4,000 prisoners, among whom were Major General Johnson, Brigadier Generals Jackson and Smith, and 12 stands of colors. * * * A. J. Smith, Maj. Gen. General Thomas commanding the Army: * * * " Both armies were ice bound for a week previous to the 14th December, when the weather moderated. Being prepared to move. 216 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY I called a meeting of the corps commanders on theafternoon of that day, and having discussed the plan of attack until thoroughly understood, the following Special Field order, No. 342, was issued: Paragraph IV. As soon as the state of the weather will admit of offensive operations, the troops will move against the enemy's position in the following order: Major General A. .J. Smith commanding detachment of the Army of the Tennessee, after forming his troops on and near the Harding pike, Id front of his present position, will make a vigorous assault on the enemy's left. * * * On the morning of the 15th December, the weather being favorable, the army was formed and ready at an early hour to carry out the plan of battle promulgated in the Special Field Order of the 14th. The for- mation of the troops was partially concealed from the enemy by the broken nature of the ground, as also by a dense fog, which only lifted toward noon. The enemy was apparently totally unaware of any inten- tion on our part to attack his position, and more especially did he seem not to expect any movement against his left flank. To divert his atten- tion still further from our real intentions, Major Gen. Steedraan had, on the evening of the 14th, received orders to make a heavy demonstration with his command against the enemy's right, east of the Nolensville pike, which he accomplished with great success, and some loss, succeed- ing, however, in attracting the enemy's attention to that part of his line, and inducing him to draw re-inforcements from toward his centre and left. As soon as Gen. Steedman had completed his movement, the com- mands of Generals Smith and Wilson moved out along the Harding pike, and commenced the grand movement of the day by wheeling to the left and advancing against the enemy's position across the Harding and Hillsboro pikes. Gen. A. J. Smith's troops, first struck the enemy along Richland creek, near Harding's house, and drove him back rap- idly, capturing a number of prisoners, wagons, etc., and continuing to advance, while slightly swinging to the left, came upon a redoubt con- taining four guns, which was splendidly carried by assault at 1 P. M , and the captui-ed guns turned upon the enemy. A second redoubt, stronger than the first, wasne.x^t assailed and carried by the same troops that captui'ed the first position, taking four more guns and about three hundred prisoners. The infantry, McArthur's division of Gen. A. J. Smith's command, on the left of the cavalry, participated in both of the above assaults, and indeed the dismounted cavalry seemed to vie with the infantry who should first gain the works; as they reached the posi- tion nearly simultaneously, both lay claim to the artillery and prisoners captured. Finding General Smith ha4 not tak^a as much distance to the right BA TTL E OF NASH VI L LE 217 as I expected he would have done, I directed General Schofield to move his command (the 23d corps) from the position in reserve to which it had been assigned, over to the right of General Smith, enabling the cav- alry thereby to operate more freely in the eaemy's rear. This was rap- idly accomplished by General Schofield, and his troops participated in the closing operations of the day. The total I'esult of the day's operations was the capture of 16 pieces of artillery and 1,200 prisoners, besides several hundred stands of small arms, and about forty wagons. The enemy had been forced back at all points with heavy loss, and our casualties were unusually light. The behavior of the troops was unsurpassed for steadiness and alacrity in every movement, and the original plan of battle, with but few altera- tions, was strictly adhered to. The whole command bivouacked in line of battle during the night on the ground occupied at dark, while preparations were made to renew the battle at an early hour on the morrow. At 6 A. M., on the 16th, Wood's corps pressed back the enemy's skirmishers across the Franklin pike, to the eastward of it, and then swinging slightly to the right, advanced due south, driving the enemy before him until he came upon his new main line of works, constructed during the night, on what is called Overton's Hill, about five miles south of the city and east of the Franklin pike. General A. J. Smith's com- mand moved on the right of the 4th corps (Woods) and establishing con- nection with General Wood's right, completed the new line of battle. Gen. Schofield 's troops remained in the position taken up by them at dark on the day previous, facing eastward and toward the enemy's left flank, the line of the corps running perpendicular to General Smith's troops. Our entire line approached to within six hundred yards of the en- emy's at all points. About 3 P. M., Post's brigade of Wood's corps, supported by Streight's brigade, of the same command, was ordered by General Wood to assault Overton's Hill. The assault was made, and received by the enemy with a tremen- dous fire of grape, canister and musketry, our men moving steadily on- ward up the hill until near the crest, when the reserves of the enemy rose and poured into the assaulting column a most destructive fire, caus- ing the men first to waver and then to fall back, leaving their dead and wounded, white and black, indiscriminately mingled, lying amid the abatis, the gallant Col. Post among the wounded. General Wood read- ily reformed his command in the position it had previously occupied, preparatory to a renewal of the assault, 218 TWEL FTH REGIMENT lO WA INFANTR Y Immediately following the effort of the Fourth corps, Generals Smith and Schofiield's commands moved against the enemy's works in their respective fronts, carrying all before them, irreparably breaking his lines in a dozen places, and capturing all of his artillery and thou- sands of prisoners, among the latter four general officers. During the two days' operations there- were 4,462 prisoners cap- tured, including 287 officers of all gi-ades from that of Major General, 53 pieces of artillery and thousands of small arms. The enemy abandoned on the field all of his dead and wounded. " Report of Lieut. Gen. A. P. Stewart, C. S. A., com- manding corps: * * * On Friday, December 2, we moved to the vicinity of Nash- vile, finally taking a position on the left of the army extending across Granny White pike to a hill near the Hillsboro pike. This line was en- trenched, was just a mile in length, and occupied by Loring's division alone. To jjrotect our left flank, works were commenced on four other hills lying along near to and on either side of the Hillsboro pike, the one farthest in the rear being one mile and a half distant from the front line. This latter line, to the left of Hillsboro pike, was prolonged to- ward Cumberland river by the cavalry and Ector's brigade of infantry, placed on picket on Hardin pike. On the morning of December 15 information was received that the enemy was advancing west of Hillsboro pike. General Walthall was directed to place his men under arms and man the redoubts. General French having received leave of absence, his division was attached to General Walthall's. Finding that the enemy was advancing in force, and that Ector's brigade and the cavaly were forced to retire, all of Walthall's command was placed behind the stone fence along the Hills- boro pike between redoubts 3 and 4 of the accompanying map. (Plate 73, map 2 of Atlas.) Each redoubt contained a section or battery of artillery and from 100 to 150 infantry. The enemy appeared in force along the entire line, extending from rodoubt 1, 2 and 3 and as far as and beyond 4 and 5. My own line was stretched to its utmost tension, but could not reach far enough towards 4 and 5 without leaving an opening between Loring's left and Walthall's right. The commanding General sent me as reinforcements, first, Mani- ! gault's, and soon after Deas' brigade of Johnson's division, Lee's corps, and later the two remaining brigades of that division. As these bri- gades arrived they were placed in line op])osite redoubt 4. By the time they were in line the enemy had carried redoubts 4 and 5, capturing PURSUIT OF HOOD 219 many of the men and all of the artillery, the brigades of Manigault and Deas, making- but feeble resistance, fled. Loring'^s line not being yet pressed, a battery bad been ordered from it, which, arriving just at this moment, was placed on a commanding hill, and these same brigades ral- lied to its support. They again fled, however, at the approach of the enemy, abandoning the battery, which was captured. By this time the other brigade's of Johnson's division had come up, but were unable to check the progress of the enemy, who had passed the Hillsboro pike a full half mile, completely turning our flank and gaining the rear of both Walthall and Loring, whose situation had be- come perilous in the extreme. Deeming it absolutely necessary for them to fall back, orders were dispatched to that effect, when it was found that Walthall had already ordered his line to retire, not a moment t o soon. All the artillery in the redoubts, the battery above mentioned, and another on Loring 's line, were captured by the enemy. In the meantime one or two divisions of Chatham's corps had come up on the left, where the commanding general was in person. During the night of the loth the army was placed in position to re- ceive the attack expected at an early hour next morning. * * * * * * At about 2 or 3 o'clock in the afternoon the commanding General sent for me, and while in conversation with him an officer of his staff announced that the line had given away. Not being present at the moment this took place, I do not deem it proper to attempt to decide where the line first yielded. It would seem, however, that when once broken it very soon gave way everywhere and the whole army made for the Franklin pike. * * * Alex. P. Stewart, Lieutenant General. General Thomas, in his official report gives a detailed account of the pursuit of Hood's army. The parts of interest to the 12th Iowa are given in following extracts: "Leaving directions for the collection of the captured property and for the care of the wounded. At daylight on the 17th I pushed the 4th corps on towards Franklin by the direct pike, while the cavalry moved up the Granny White pike. The cavalry came up with the enemy's rear guard four miles from Franklin; the position was charged and handsomly carried. The enemy then fell back to Franklin. Our cavalry coming up from below forced the enemy to retire and our cavalry took possession of the town capturing the enemy's hospital con- taining over 2,000 wounded. The 4th corps followed immediately as far as Harpeth river where it found the bridges burned and too much water 220 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY on the foi'ds for the infanti^y to ci'oss. A bridj>'e was hastily constructed but could not be made available before nightfall. On the 18th pursuit was continued to Rutherford creek, three miles from Columbus, the stream was impassable. During the 19th several unsuccessful attempts were made to cross the creek but heavy rains had inundated the whole country and rendered the roads and streams impassable. About noon of the 21st a floating bridge was constructed from the debris of the railroad bridge and General Smith's ti^oops were enabled to cross. The weather had changed from rain to bitter cold very materially retarding the work in laying the bridge. Notwithstanding the many delays I determined to continue the pursuit of Hood's shattered forces. He had formed a rear guard, made up of detachments from all his organized forces, numbering about 4,000 infantry under Walthall, and all his available cavalry under Forrest. With the exception of this rear guard his army was a dis- organized rabble of half-armed, barefooted men who sought every oppor- tunity to fall out by the wayside and desert their cause. Christmas morning the enemy evacuated Pulaski. On the 2Sth, it having been definitely ascertained that the enemy had made good his escape across the Tennessee, I ordered further pursuit to cease and directed General Smith to March to Clifton. On the 30th of December I announced to the army the successful completion of the campaign and gave direction for the disposition of the command as follows: * * Smith's corps to take post at Eastjwrt, Miss., and to go into winter quarters. This order not meeting the approval of the General in Chief orders were issued for Smith and Wilson to concentrate their commands at Eastport preparatory to a revival of the campaign against the enemy in Mississippi and Alabama * *. To all my sub-commanders, their officers and men, I give expressions of thanks and gratitude. Too much praise cannot be bestowed upon an army which hastily made up from different commands successfully contended against a force numerically greater than itself and inflicted on it a crushing defeat. There were captured from the enemy during the campaign 13,189 prisoners, including 7 general otticers, and 72 pieces of servicable artillery. 2,000 deserters came into our lines and took the oath of allegiance. Very respectfully your obedient servant, George H. Thomas, Maj. Gen. U. S. A. Comd'g." The 12th participated in all the events of the pursuit via. of Franklin and Columbia to Pulaski. The rain which com- menced to fall on the 16th continued almost incesantly until the 30th. As our army followed Hood's southward the roads became quagmires through which the men waded, plastered EASTFOKT, MISS. 221 with mud from head to foot. The nights were usually cold enough to freeze the mud stiff on top, but not hard enough to bear a man, and every step was in the slush. At Pulaski Smith's corps turned west via. of Lawrenceburg and Waynes- boro, and reached Clifton, on the Tennessee, January 2d, 1865. From Clifton the command was conveyed on transports up the river to Eastport, Miss., a landing on the Tennessee near the boundary line between Alabama and Mississippi. Here the regiment went into camp under the order first issued, and which was still in force so far as the men had been informed, "To go into winter quarters." The bleak snow-covered ridge where the camp was established; the absence of tents or baggage, gave little promise of comfort in winter weather, but the men had been too long in service to wait for someone else to furnish the comforts of a camp. On the bluffs near by they found scrub pines and other small timber which they cut and carried to camp, and from this material constructed shelters which they were pleased to call shebangs. Each squad built according to its own plan, with the result that there grew up, as if by magic, a city of aristocratic residences as varied in style as it was possible for ten thousand architects to make them. They were, however, uniform in this, that every shanty had a fireplace for warmth and bunks for sleeping places. All camp and garrison equipage of the regiment had been stored at Nashville. This was sent for and came around by boats about the middle of January. With these supplies the men settled down to enjoy their winter quarters. The only obstacle to complete enjoyment came in the shape of short rations, which to a soldier is a serious drawback to his comfort. By some carelessness on the part of the officer in charge of steamboat transportation at Cairo, a boat loaded with rations for Eastport was sent to some other point, and a boat loaded with corn was sent to us in its stead. By this error the command suddenly found itself without rations of 222 7 WELFTH REGIMENT 10 WA INFANTR V any kind except " corn in the ear." This " mule feed " was reduced to a condition to be eaten by parching ; grinding in coffee mills ; pounding on stones, and any other process that would make it fit to eat. The boys lived upon it for over a week, until the missing boat could be brought back to its proper destination. In the meantime the irrepressible sol- dier must have his fun out of every vicissitude of camp life. Some of the boys declared that their ears were growing to be like mule's ears, and many of us in camp were willing to certify that their voices were very like the mule's, as the imitation of his bray made a constant din through the camp. One fellow, carrying the joke to its limit, harnessed six of his comrades with parts of the mule harness, drove them, with single rein and blacksnake whip, to General Smith's quarters, where the team, with loud braying, ran over the tent ropes, and created a general disturbance. The driver, meantime, using all the persuasive and emphatic language known to mule drivers. The row brought the "old man'' out of his tent with his very emphatic demand : " What in do you mean by this -row around my tent." The driver, still intent on his business, as all drivers should be, could only reply : "I have fed these mules full rations of corn, and tried to take them to water, but the fools took fright at that cracker box by your tent and ran in here and I can't do a damn thing with them." The General saw the point, and instead of having them arrested, as he doubt- less should have done, bade the driver hitch his mules to the old cracker box and see if they could haul it to camj), and, don't be caught around my tent again, or "I'll cut off your rations of corn and give you nothing but Tennessee water." The crackers went to camp all right and were disposed of as good crackers should be. While at Eastport, commissions were received as follows: Major, S. G. Knee; Captains, J, D. Conger, Co. A; W. R. Hanscom, Co. B; D. W. Reed, Co. C; J. L. Boughton, Co. EASTPORT, MIS^. 223 D; R. A. Gibson, Co. G; G. H. Maffitt, Co. H; J. F. Zediker, Co. I, and O. T. Puller, Co. K. Lieutenants, W. L. Hender- son, Co. C; J. M. Clark, Co. D, and J. B. Morgan, Co. K. Adjutant, S. R. Burch, and Quartermaster, H. C. Morehead. These deserved promotions, and the receipt of about one hundred drafted men, which filled up the companies so as to enable the officers to muster in, placed the companies in good shape again for further service. About the middle of January Lt. Col. Stibbs obtained leave of absence and went home. Before his leave expired he was detailed on court martial at Washington, D. C, and remained on that service until he was mustered out. While serving on this court martial he assisted at the trial of Lin- coln's assassins and of Captain Wirtz of Andersonville notoriety. By the absence of Col . Stibbs, Major Knee became commander of the regiment, and retained that command until mustered out, except for a short period when he served as Provost Marshal at Selma, and another short term on court martial at Mobile. Captain Reed was detailed as Act- ing Major and served as such until the following May. The regiment, thus newly officered, occupied its "winter quarters'" just one month, and was then suddenly ordered to a new field of operations. " Theirs not to make reply, Theirs not to reason why, Theirs but to do and die." CHAPTER XIII. To THE Gulf— Spanish Port— End of War, 1865. General Thomas says that his order, to go into winter quarters, was not approved by the General in Chief. We of the 16th corps found that out after we had worked like beavers nearly a month building quarters and were just ready to enjoy the fruits of our labors. Prom the time of the Vicksburg campaign, Smith's com- mand — especially the 1st division -had been constantly used, as an emergency corps. It was substituted for another division as railroad guard; was loaned to Banks for the Red River expedition; was seized by Washburn for the Tupelo and Oxford raids; was sent to the relief of Steele at Little Rock; dogged the heels of Price'scavalry through Arkansas; was held by Rosencrans for a trip to Kansas and return; reinforced Thomas at Nashville, and now it is ordered to the Department of the Gulf to assist General Canby in the clos- ing scenes of the war. On Peb. 5, 1865, we vacated our homes at Eastport, and marched to the steamboat landing, where the entire 3d bri- gade embarked on steamer Magenta, southward bound. We were at Cairo on the 10th, and arrived at Vicksburg on the 13th, and there disembarked and went into camp on Walnut hills. The 12th occuping for the third time ground near the position it occupied during the seige. The corps was landed at Vicksburg under orders to TO THE GULF 225 march south and attack Mobile. This plan was abandoned and the corps ordered to New Orleans by boat. On the 18th the entire brigade re-embarked on the Magenta and proceded down the river, arriving at New Orleans on the evening of the 21st. The next day the troops disembarked and went into camp south of the city upon the old Jackson battlefield. It was very fortunate for some of us, that we succeeded in pre-empting a few square feet of ground on the original earthwork erected by the defenders of New Orleans in 1814, for, during the first night in camp, rain fell in torrents accompanied by high wind, and before daylight next morn- ing the camp of the corps, save a strip a few feet wide along the earthwork, was covered with water, in many places over a foot deep. The wind blew down the shelter tents and the whole command was exposed to pouring rain from above, and rushing floods from below. Long before daylight, from every direction, could be heard the long-drawn cry, as of the sailor taking soundings: "N-o b-o-t-t-o-m." "M-ar-k T-w-a-i-n" mingled with the imitation croaking of frogs and bellowing of alligators, and other water animals. When day- light broke upon the scene it disclosed an army of men drenched with water crowded upon the high ground of the levee and earthwork while the late camp was marked by muskets reversed, bayonets sticking in the ground, their butts supporting blankets and haversacks of the men while the owners waded around like cranes, fishing in the wreck, for their other traps. As the rain ceased, the water soon ran off or soaked into the ground. The shelter tents were reset, and with brush, cut from the nearby sw^amp, floors were laid, to keep the blankets out of the mud, and the camp was soon in good shape again. The sudden change from ice and snow at Cairo to the warm sunshine and orange blossoms of New Orleans was very enjoyable. Our arrival in this southern city was very timely as it enabled us to witness the parades of Mardi Gras 226 TWEL FTH REGIMENT lO WA IN FA NTRY festival which waa revived this year with renewed splendor. On the 4th of March, the day of Lincoln's second inaugural, we witnessed another public celebration and civic-parade on the occasion of the inaugeration of the Governor of the State. The city was decorated; the police and fire depart- ments paraded in holiday attire and everything seemed to be peaceful and harmonious. Evidences of a good city govern- ment were apparent in clean streets, excellent police regula- tions and in good order prevailing everwhere and all on account of the energitic through military rule of General Butler. However much these people may have hated him, and however well pleased they may be to refer to him as "The Beast," etc., the fact remains that New Orleans was never better governed than when under the military govern- ment of Gen. B. F. Butler. Sunday, March 2th, the 12th Iowa left New Orleans, and marching through the oSX,^ and out on the celebrated shell road to Lake Pontchartrain embarked on steamer A. G. Brown, and by the very pleasant route of Lake Borgne and Mississippi sound, arrived at Dauphine Island, just outside Mobile Bay, at 4 o'clock, P. M. on the 6th and established camp on the clean sands of that little island. The balance of the corps was brought over from New Orleans, some regi- ments on ocean steamers by the way of mouth of the Missis- sippi river, and others by inner passage until all were assembled near the entrance to Mobile Bay. The oyster beds near the camp of the 12th furnished to all a change of rations, as well as delightful recreation while in camp on the island. So plentiful were the bivalves that six mule teams were driven upon the beds during low tide and wagons loaded with them. They were then shoveled out in heaps in camp, and every one allowed to help himself to oysters, raw, roasted, stewed, baked or fried as he liked best it only being stipulated that each customer should prepare his own order to suit his taste. General Canby had collected his army in this vicinity for SPANISH FORT 227 a campaign against Mobile and on Sunday, March 19th, the movement was commenced. The 12th left Dauphine Island on Gunboat No. 48, and crossing the mouth of the bay anchored in Navy cove above Fort Morgan. Not a horse, or transpor- tation of any kind, was allowed. Officers, as well as men, were required to carry all the baggage required and rations for five days. On the 20th our boat ascended Pish river as far as navigable and we landed at Danby's Mills, about 20 miles south of the head of Mobile bay, and camped upon a high ridge among the pine, under orders from General Canby as follows: "It must be constantly bourn in mind that the pick and spade are useful adjuncts to the musket and rifle and that every position taken must be at once for. tified." We built strong breastworks along our front by cutting the large pines and piling them about five feet high with dirt thrown up against the outside. With this kind of work and just enough skirmishing lo warn us that our move- ments were being watched, and to keep our pickets alert, we employed our time until the 25th when the 13th and 16th corps were in position and the advance commenced along the east side of Mobile Bay. The halt each night was the signal for building breastworks, and each bivouac marked a well fortified camp. The march was enlivened by slight skirmish- ing in front with but few casualties. The only one in our brigade happened to its commander, Colonel Marshall, who was slightly wounded in the neck by a musket ball, while riding at the head of his brigade. Monday, March 27th, we moved out of camp at 8 A. M., marching directly west towards a strongly fortified position on east side of the bay, opposite Mobile, called Spanish Fort. About 9:30 the advance arrived within range of the enemy's batteries, and our army went into position, with the 3d division of the 16th corps on the right, extending the line to the bay north of the fort. The 1st division next in line to the left. The 13th corps extending the line to the 228 TWELFTH REGIMENT lO IV A INF A N TR Y. bay below the fort. The 2d division of 16th corps in reserve. The 1:2th Iowa was on the extreme left of its division, and next to the 13th corps. Companies I and B, were sent out as skirmishers, and soon drove the enemy's skirmishers within their works, and developed a very strong earthwork, with deep ditch in front. Just outside the ditch was a cleared space of 100 yards, and outside of that, an abatis of trees felled tops outward and wire strung through the tree tops making a veritable wire fence in the abatis. These strong works were fully manned and supplied with heavy artillery. Following the advance of the skirmishers, McArthur's men got into position just out of musket range about noon. The 13th corps was some time later in getting up where its line conformed to McArthur's. In getting into position the 2d Vermont fired into the rear of one skirmish line, severely wounding Henry Pry of company B, in the foot, causing am- jDutation. The men lay in line all the afternoon, expecting to be ordered to charge the works. General Smith appears to have asked permission to attack with two divisions. Gen- eral Canby doubted Smith's ability to carry the works and asked McArthur's opinion. After a careful inspection of the works General McArthur is said to have replied: "My division will go in there if ordered, but if the rebels stay by their guns it will cost the lives of half of my men." Canby 's answer was: "It won't pay." The charge was deferred, and during the night breast- works were built and seige operations commenced in regular order. On the 28th the gunboats came up the bay and took posi- tion near the left flank of the 13th corps. One of the boats, in getting position, ran upon a torpedo that had been planted in the channel, and was blown up. Our land batteries got into position and commenced pounding away, while the in- fantry, by heavy details, went to work digging approaches, SPANISH FORT 229 saps and entrenchments and regular siege operations were fully inaugurated. On the 30th of March, the 3d brigade was moved out of its place and transferred to the center of the 18th corps line, where it took the place of a division that was sent from that corps to escort a supply train to General Steele. In order to fully occupy the extended line of a division, the brigade was almost constantly on duty. The 12th was obliged to keep three companies at a time on picket, and most of the balance of the command was required to fill the details for working parties. We held the place until April 4, when we returned to our former place in the line, and that evening advanced the whole line to a point within musket range and, before morning, built a strong earthwork to cover our entire front. Our trenches and approaches had by this time reached the abatis, and were so arranged that a column of men could be marched along the saps, entirely protected from, view of the enemy and could be placed in battle line at the abatis, which was being cut away so that passage through it could be easily made. Yankee ingenuity planned a new and effective weapon for use in the trenches. It consisied of a section of gum tree, about three feet long, bored out at one end so as to receive a charge of powder and a shell on top. This wooden mortar could be easily carried into the trenches by two men, and then with a small charge of powder they were able to throw a shell, with very short fuse, directly over into the rebel works.* From these advanced trenches it was possible to make an attack with very little exposure of the attacking party. All preparations were completed for such an attack, when, on the 8th of April, during a heavy bombardment along the whole line, the 8th Iowa, from its place on the extreme right of the line, made a dash just about dark and captured and held a portion of the Confederate works, and was in excel- *NoTE— One of these mortars, made by the liith Iowa, is now on exhibition at the Iowa State Arsenal in L)es Moines. 230 TWELFTH REGIMEN T 10 WA IN FA NTRY lent shape for a general attack next morning. About mid- night the pickets of our regiment discovered suspicious movements of the enemy in their front and advanced their line until they discovered the enemy's works were deserted. They immediately reported the fact to the brigade com- mander, and the brigade was at once ordered forward and took possession of the deserted works, and following the re- treating enemy, succeeded in capturing 800 prisoners before they could embark for the other side of the bay. Upon in- specting the works we found 35 pieces of heavy artillery still in place, and large stores of ammunition. At several places inside the works, as well as in the cleared space be- tween the forts and the abatis, torpedos were set. Fortun- ately this fact was discovered in time, so that with care they were avoided until daylight when they were removed. While our regiment made no record of brilliant charges or exciting attacks during the siege, and while the final re- sults did not create great enthusiasm through the country because of the momentuous events then transpiring at other points, such as the surrender of Lee occurring the same day, yet Mc Arthur's division did its full share of the work and was entitled to and received its full credit for tlie victory won. The loss in 12th Iowa during the seige was eight men wounded, as follows: Corporal Henry Fry, Co. B, leg amputated; Robert Wampler, Co. B; J. C. Davis, Co. C; Robert G. Boone, Co. E; Lewis L. Lowe, Co. G; Joseph Cameron, Marion Austin, and Michael McDermot, Co I. Extracts from official reports are as follows: Colonel W. R. Marshall Commanding Brigade. * * * "On the 25th, during the march, a small party of the en- emj' on our left fired a volley into the head of the brigade; only one shot took effect, giving me a severe flesh wound on the left side of the back of the neck. * * * On the 30th of March I was ordered to report the SPANISH FORT 231 brigade to General Granger commanding- tlie 13th corps. I did so, and was assigned position in line vacated by General Veatch's division. I found the trenches on this part of the line just begun. T completed the trenches and breastworks, and on the night of April 3d, opened a new parallel, 120 paces in advance of former one, and almost up to the rifle pits of the enemy. On the 4th I returned to former position in line and opened a trench to the left and dug saps from line to advanced trench, within a stone's throw of enemy's rifle pits. * * * On the 8th the enemy evacuated their works and my skirmishers advance over the parapet. From the 27th of March to 8th of April, inclusive, we were con- stantly under fire. * * * My acknowledgements are due tc regi- mental commanders. * * * Major Knee, 12th Iowa, * * * for energetic execution of all orders." Gen. J. McArthur commanding Division. "The brigades were in line according to their numbers from right to left. Each commenced a sap which was pushed forward to within 75 yards of the fort, when an attack by the right brigade of Gen- eral Carr's division on the night of April 8th, followed by troops of my division, captured the fort. The 3rd brigade. Col. Mai'shall, was de- tached a portion of the time to supply the place of a division of the 13th corps." General A. J. Smith, commanding Corps. * * * "The first parallel was made about 400 yards from the enemy's works. From this parallel saps were worked forward by each brigade. * * * The saps of the 1st division were the nearest to the enemy at the time of the capture of the fort. * * * Every man in my command was on duty once in every twenty-four hours, and at times the officers and non-commissioned officers held the line while the men slept. * * * April 8th, everything being prepared for an assault, the First and Third divisions were ordered into the trenches to be ready for any emergency. * * * Just before dark the skirmishers on the extreme right succeeded in gaining a foothold on the enemy's works. By mid- night the whole fort was in our possession The capture amounted to 540 prisoners, 46 pieces of artillery, and 4 stands of colors. Our loss was 26 killed; 319 wounded; and 3 missing. Total, 348," 232 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY Hftcfrat PTFTn Ortifr^ ^ Headquarters Army AND Division OF GENERAL blELD ORDERS, ^ ^^^^ MISSISSIPPI. No. 32. MOBILE, Ala., April 22d, 1865. The Major-Genei-al Commanding thinks it proper to announce as the general results of the operations around the city: The capture of the enemy's works at Spanish Fort and Blakely; the surrender of Mobile; the capture of more than five thousand prisoners, twelve flags, nearly three hundred pieces of artillery, several thousand stand of small arms, and large stores of amunition and other material of war. It is his province to report results : that of a higher authority to bestow appropriate commendations and rewards; but it is not improper to express his personal thanks to the officers and men of this Army for their zeal, energy and gallantry, and to the officers and men of the Navy, for their hearty and zealous co-operation in the work that has been ac- complished. He begs that the Sabbath next ensuing the receipt of this order, may be made the occasion of thanksgiving for the past, and prayer for the future; and that all will unite with him in the earnest petition, that God in His mercy will deal tenderly with the relatives and friends of our dead and wounded comrades. By ORDER OF Major General E. R. S. Canby : C. T. Christesen, Lt. Col., A. A. Gen. Daring the siege of Spanish Fort the 2d division was withdrawn from reserve and invested a strong work near the head of Mobile bay called Fort Blakely. Early in the morn- ing of the 9 h of April, Mc Arthur's division was ordered to re-enforce the 2d division. In pursuance of that order our division moved up to Fort Blakely where it arrived just in time to witness a brilliant and successful as?ault by the 2d division which resulted in the capture of the Fort with its entire garrison of 3,200 men with all arms, guns, and muni- tions of war. This gallant charge by the 2d division of the 16th corps was the last charge viade in the war, and the force captured by this division, was the last force of rebels to make a stand against our army. The war had virtually ended in the surrender of Lee, though we did not hear of that surrender until several days later. "With the capture of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, MONTGOMERY . 233 Mobile was open to our armies and a force was at once started around the head of the bay for that city. Without waiting for the arrival of this force the rebel authorities blew up Fort Eugene in the harbor and evacuated the city, April 12th, and Mobile was at once occupied by our forces and the United States resumed complete control of the gulf and all its forts and harbors. Thursday, April 13th, the 16th corps started for Mont- gomery; the first capital of the Confederacy. For several days our route lay through heavy pine forests where the only industry seemed to be "pitch, turpentine and tar." The roads were generally good ; our march was unobstructed and no incident of importance marked our progress until the 19th, when a great commotion was raised by the report that Lee had surrendered to Grant. This report was fully con- firmed at Greenville on the 22d, when the ofiicial notice of the surrender was received and was communicated to the army by a staff officer who rode the length of the line, as fast as his horse could carry him, shouting as he rode : "Official dispatch, Lee has surrendered." The shout was taken up by the regiments in succession along the line, and as men fully realized that such surrender meant an end of the war and that their fighting days were over, they gave themselves over to wildest demonstrations of joy. The dis- patch from the Secretary of War, announcing the surrender, directed that immediately upon the receipt of notice of sur- render, a salute of two hundred guns be fired at every station of troops in the United States. At 3 o'clock P. M. all the guns of all the batteries in the corps unlimbered and joined in that grand salute. The sound of the guns was answered by the mighty cheers from the whole army welcoming the dawn of peace. We reached Montgomery at 1 P. M., April 25th, and went into camp three miles east of the city. Paroled men from Lee's army began to arrive In a few days. They were 234 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY without money, food or clothing and came, in large numbers, into our camps, where the boys gladly shared rations with them and helped them on their way. They were apparently as glad that the end had 'come as we were, and were enthusi- astic in their praise of our soldiers who had, from the day of the surrender, been very kind in sharing rations with them. Merchants at Montgomery opened their stores and offered their small stocks of goods for sale, but professed to be entirely ignorant of values, and at sea as to prices which should be charged under the new order of things. They rejected the confederate money altogether, saying that it had long been nearly worthless, and that they were glad to be rid of it. Boots marked $250 per pair were freely offered for $10 " in your money," meaning greenbacks, or $7 in gold or silver. Flour had been selling at $500 per barrel, and very little to be had at any price. All other provisions had been selling at like prices. Many of the members of the 12th had been here as pris- oners of war in 1862. These soon found acquaintances among the citizens who had befriended them, and sought opportunity to return the favors. Among others of these friends still living here were Mr. Stowes, chief of fire department, and Mrs. Cowles. These were invited out to camp and received a hearty reception. Some of the men visited the cemetery and tried to find the graves where their comrades were buried. They succeeded in finding in a neg- lected corner of the grounds a long trench, and in the records just these words opposite the lot number : "Yankee Pris- oners." Nothing to designate the names or number of those buried there. April 29th official notice was received of the assassina- tion of President Lincoln. The regiment was called into line at once and the announcement read. No former catas- trophe of the war created such a profound sensation, A dead silence followed the reading for a fevv moments untii SELMA 235 the full import of the horrible crime was realized, and then there arose, as if by common impulse, deep muttered curs- ings and threats against all instigators and perpetrators of the cruel murder, and, under the impression that the act was authorized by the Confederacy, many soldiers expressed themselves as desirous of having one more opportunity to meet armed rebels in the field and avenge the death of the President. Had it not been that rebel soldiers and citizens alike at once denounced the assassin and expressed great- est sorrow that the inhuman act had been perpetrated in the name of the Confederacy, the city might have been in danger. Prom sunrise to sunset, May 1st, in obedience to orders, half -hour guns were fired — and from 12 to 1, minute guns — while every flag was draped and placed at half mast in sorrow for the dead President. May 4th we received official notice, brought by carriers across country, of Johnson's surrender and of General Am- nesty for all the country east of the Mississippi river, and the men began to say : " The war is over and our time of service has expired by the terms of the contract and we are ready to go home." Wednesday, May 10th, our brigade left camp under orders to march to Selma. After crossing the river on a pontoon bridge, and marching two miles, we were ordered to return and embark on boats. Under this order the 12th Iowa, 35th Iowa and 33d Missouri, were crowded upon the Tarscon, and at 1 o'clock next morning were at the landing at Selma. We disembarked at daylight and stood around all day waiting for some troops of the 13th corps to vacate a camp to which we had been assigned. Friday, May 12, the regiment went into camp on very pleasant grounds recently occupied by the 29th Indiana, in the suburbs of the city. Regimental headquarters was estab- 236 TWELFTH REGIMENT lOlVA INFANTRY lished in a vacant house near camp, and we were very soon "at home" to our friends in new quarters. Selma liad been a very pretty city, and had escaped the ravages of war until iust before its close when Wilson's cav- alry raid struck the town, and, meeting with sharp resistance, took it by assault and a cavalry charge which swept through the streets. The arsenal and extensive factories for manu- facturing guns and ammunition were fired; the explosions wrecked most of the business part of the city, but left the residence portion intact. We found it a very pleasant and healthful camp. Colonel Marshall was assigned to the com- mand of the post, and the 12th settled down to regular routine of camp duties, drill, guard mount, etc. Some of the men felt inclined to draw a line on drills, now that the war was over, but it was thought to be necessary in order to compel sufficient exercises for good health. The superior health of our regiment as compared with those that did not drill was soon so apparent that no further objections were made, and it was frequently remarked that muffled drums were beating quite often in an adjacent camp, but never in ours. The guard duty seemed to be of a very de- moralizing kind, usually guarding cotton while the teams hauled it to the steamboat landing. It soon became appa- rent that the title to the cotton was held only by that old rule, "Those may take who have the power, and those shall keep who can," and that the army was being used by specu- lators who had followed in its wake to make money out of its victories. The soldiers began to object to being used as tools for such purposes unless there was something in it for them, and were perhaps not as vigilant as they might have been when some rival speculator tried to get a share. There were complaints that soldiers stole cotton from the guards and rolled the bales into the river and floated it down to some convenient steamboat, which would pick it up and pay a good price for it. It seemed that the government should have SELMA 237 taken possession of all the cotton, for there was no doubt but that nearly all, if not all, had been purchased by the Confederate government, and that it was now the lawful property of the United States. The policy, however, seemed to be to recognize the -person in possession as the owner; hence the strife to get possession of as much as pos- sible and to sell as quickly as it could be delivered. With this kind of guard duty and frequent excursions into the country to escort agents of the Freed men's Bureau and help adjust some differences between planters and freed- men, the summer flitted away. About May 25th the regi- mental tents and other baggage that were left at New Or- leans, and which had been following us around for the last two years, and had been in use by us for only a few days at a time, were brought up and a regulation camp established with awnings in front of the tents covered with brush, which furnished pleasant shade. Altogether, we were quite well fixed, and would have been happy but for the fact that we wanted to go home. During the year of active duties in the field the men had taken a deep interest in building a home for the orphans of their comrades who had fallen. Ingersoll, in his "Iowa and the Rebellion," says of this: But the greatest achievement of charity, of Christian benevolence, of which any state can boast, is the Towa Soldiers' Orphan's Home. This is an institution of peculiar character and of wider compass than any similar work of which their is any account given in histoiy ; for it con- templates in its organization all that is embraced in the name " Home " and the system of common schools. In this Iowa has taken a bold step and has already given the demonstration of a grand success. * * * The magnanimity and benevolence of our soldiers offer a new sight to the world. Their approval and influence was sought, and by their own promptings contributed the astounding sum of $45,226.62. Of this sum the 12th Iowa contributed 12,975, paid as follows: June 27, 1864, $373,00; Dec. 15, $1,339.00; Aug. 12, 238 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY 1865, $413.00; Oct. 18, $100; Dec. 2, $725 00; Dec. 16, $25.00. Total, $2,975. Resolutions by the subscribers were as follows: "Headquarters 12th Iowa Vet. Vol. Infantry. \ Montgomery, Ala., May 6, 1865. f Rev. p. p. Ingalls, Agent of-- Asylum for Iowa Soldiers'' Orphans.^^ Dear Sir: — At a meeting of the 12th Iowa subscribers for "Asylum for Iowa Soldiers' Orphans," the following resolutions were unanimously adopted: Whereas: It seems proable that at the June meeting- of stockhold- ers, the character of the institution will be definitely settled; its name established, and location fixed, and, Whei'eas: The funds for the erection of such asylum have been contributed largely by Iowa Soldiers in the service, as a free gift for a specific and uoble object. Therefore, Resolved: That the institution should have for its specific and only object, the care and training of children of Iowa Union Soldiers who have fallen in battle or died of disease during the War of the Rebellion, and should be of higher order than these institutions established for the children of criminal or indigent parents, and should be so man- aged that occupants may in after years look back to it with pride as an evidence of the glorious service of their fathers. Resolved: That the name of the institution should be such as to express its purpose. We protest against the name "State Orphans Asylum." S. W. Huff, Surgeon, \ O. T. Fuller, Captain, VCom." J. W. BURCH, Sergt., ) True copy, D. W. Reed, Secretary. About the middle of July, 1865, a lai^ge number of regi- ments were mustered out of service, among them all the regiments of our brigade except the 12th Iowa. The 27th and 35th Iowa regiments had some men who had enlisted for one or two years, and had been but a short time in the serv- ice. These men were ordered to be transferred to the 12th Iowa to complete their term of service. In his haste to get home, the officer of the 27th, who had been appointed to make the transfer, failed to make descriptive and pay rolls, and SELMA 239 paymasters refused to pay these men. This trouble increased the feeling among the 27th's men that they had been unfairly treated by being compelled to complete their term of service in another regiment after their own had been mustered out. Among the old members of the 12th there was a feeling that they had been unfairly treated by being retained in service after the war was over, and after other regiments of shorter service were allowed to go home. Another reason of discon- tent was found in the fact of continued issue of poor rations. Some commissary officer, anxious, no doubt, to dispose of ration on hand so as to enable him to settle his accounts, was endeavoring to dispose of his stock on hand by issuing it to the troops. These evils, fancied or real, were by constant talk and agitation made to appear very serious, and resulted at length in an agreement by quite a number of the men of the regiment to refuse to do duty or answer to roll call until their wrongs were righted. This agreement was to be car- ried into effect on the morning of September 15. Accord- ingly a number of the men — in two or three companies the entire company — refused to obey any order. For a day or two great confusion existed. Captains of about half the companies succeeded in controlling the matter in their own companies; the others were unable to do so, and willing com- panies were obliged to furnish extra details to do the work. Finally a number of the leaders of the revolt were arrested and sent to Montgomery to be tried by court-martial. A few days in the guardhouse there satisfied the boys that nothing was to be gained by revolt, and they signified their willing- ness to return to duty, and asked the regimental officers to come to their relief. A request for their release was signed by all the officers of the regiment and presented at head- quarters by Major Knee, then a Provost Marshal at Mont- gomery. The request was granted, and the first and only revolt in the ranks of the 12th Iowa was ended. During the summer several changes were made in the 240 TWELFH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY commissioned officers of the regiment. The Adjutant Gen- eral's reports of 1865 shows the following commissions issued after leaving Eastport: Col. J. H. Stibbs; Lt. Col. S. G. Knee; Maj. D. W. Reed; Asst Surg. James Barr; Capts. W. L. Henderson, J. F. Hutchins, John Bremner; 1st Lieuts. C. W. Runkle, J. P. Jackson, H. J. Grannis, Eli King, C. R. Switzer, Abner Dun- hum, A. E. Anderson, David Moreland, J. L. Thompson. On the 8th of August, 1865, nearly all of the regiments of the 16th corps had mustered out, and the corps organiza- tion was discontinued by the following orders: Farewell Order. Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith to the 16th Corps: Headquarters 16th Army Corps, Montgomery. Ala., Ang-. 8, 1865 General Orders, No. .35. The 16th Army Corps having been discontinued as an organization, by orders fi'om the President, the Major General commanding deems it proper and just to express to the troops hitherto comprising it his ap- preciation of the long and arduous service, the unwearied patriotism, the cheerful obedience to orders — the dauntless courage and resistless morale which have won for you a high name in the records of your coun- try, of which you may well be proud. Fort de Russy, Pleasant Hill, Yellow Bayou, Lake Chicot, Tupelo, Nashville, Spanish Fort and Blakely attest your gallantry and success during the last year of the war You have never experienced defeat or repulse. Your military history is without blot or stain. With this record of your service you can return to your respective homes, as mus- tered out, with the consciousness that you have performed your full duty, won the respect and admirution of your commanders, and well deserved the confidence and trust of the country that in her hour of danger placed you in rahks and trusted to you her battles. Still continue to merit that confidence and trust by becoming as good citizens as you have been soldiers. Remember that for a I'epublican government the main requis- ite is enlightened, moral, and industrious citizens. Unless you become such, the results of your entire service are lost to you. Let the memory of what you have endured endear to you every foot of American soil. Having asserted the supremacy of the General Government in arms, assist, now, in creating for it a glorious future among nations. A. J. Smith, Major General. SELMA 241 The members of the old 16th corps held their venerable chief in great esteem, and, while pleased to know that there was no longer necessity for keeping up the organization, they parted with their comrades and with their loved com- mander with deep regret. With their comrades in arms be- cause of that deep and unaccountable sympathy which binds those who have endured trials and dangers together, and which has engendered such confidence, each in the other, that they believed themselves invincible, knowing that no regiment in the corps would fail to fully support every other regiment in whatever emergency it might be placed. With their commander because he had ever been a successful leader and a true soldier, under whose command they had never experienced defeat or repulse, and had come to feel that defeat was impossible. With the muster-out of so many regiments, those in the service were required to spread out and cover more terri- tory. On the 25th of September the 12th was sent to Talla- dega, Ala., where the regimental headquarters was estab- lished. A few days later Captain Reed, with Company C, was sent to Center, Ala.; Captain Bremner, with Company P, to Ashville, Ala.; and Captain Zediker, with Company I, to Wedowa, Ala. Soon after Company G, was mounted and the men distributed as dispatch carriers at the four posts occu- pied by the regiment. By this arrangement the regiment covered a large part of northeast Alabama. The duties seemed to be that of adjusting differences between planters and the freedmen; administering the oath of allegiance to such as desired to witness their return to their allegiance to the United States, and collecting government property which had recently belonged to the C. S. A. Company C, arrived at Center October 12th and remained until November 29th. when Captain Reed was directed to leave twenty men under the command of Lieutenant Hender- son: report in person, with balance of his company, at Jack- 242 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY. sonville; relieve the 2d ISlew Jersey Cavalry, on duty there, and assume command of the post of Blue Mountain. This post included the counties of Calhoun, Cherokee and Ran- dolph. Parts of Companies E and F, were directed to report to Captain Reed at Jacksonville. Provost duty in these three counties w^as continued until December 25, when orders were received by Captain Reed to abandon all outposts, call in all detachments, and report, with all men belonging to the 12th Iowa, at Tallr.dega, where the regiment was under orders to proceed to Memphis, Tenn., where a negro revolt was threat- ened, and the citizens had asked for troops and protection. After many delays on account of miserable railroad service, the regiment arrived at Memphis Jnuary 2, 1866, via. Selma, Meridian and Corinth. The first night at Memphis was passed upon the platfarm around the railroad depot. On the 3d, the companies were distributed about the city, with regimental headquarters and five companies at the arsenal. The presence of troops quieted the apprehension of an uprising. One of the local papers, in speaking of the regi- ment's arrival and of the security which its presence gave the city, says: " The 12th Iowa is one of the bravest, most orderly, best behaved regiments in the service. Its presence assures our people perfect security and protection." On the 20th of January the regiment was ordered mustered out of service. The rolls were made out, all government property turned over, and the members of the regiment directed to report at Davenport for final discharge and pay. " Never again in line to stand And watch the enemy advancing; To await the sharp word of command, To see from hostile bayonets glancing The bright new gleam of the early day. Never again in the morning gray To hear the bugles calling, calling To battle, where men '11 be falling." MUSTERED OUT 243 The regiment was mustered for final pay and discharge January 25, 186G, and for the last time answered to roll call as a regiment. No sooner did the men receive their final pay than they invested in a suit of citizens' clothes; doffed the suit of blue they had worn so long, and with nothing to distinguish them ■from those who had remained at home, save their own con- sciousness of duty to their country well and faithfully done, were soon speeding homeward to mingle at once in the hus- tling tide of private citizens endeavoring to earn an honest living by peaceful pursuits. We cannot follow them further; but we know that many found upon their return to the shop, the farm, or the store, that the places they had vacated to go into the service had been filled by others. That young men who staid at home, or emigrants, were occupying all the paying positions, and the only thing left for the veterans was to go West and seek new fields of labor. That many of them did so and built lor themselves comfortable homes and proved themselves good and useful citizens in the land of their choice is proved by the records of our reunions, which show them as occupying places of honor and trust, won for themselves even as they won the battles of old, by self-reliance, loyalty to country and its laws, and an earnest endeavor to perform every duty faithfully and well. " Some rest on distant battle-fields, Where first the battery's thunder pealed; Some far away 'mid arts of peace, Whose call they heard when strife did cease. But we remember every name — As comrades still each one we claim." CHAPTER XIV. Sketches of Military Services of Regimental, Officers. Colonel Joseph Jackson Woods was born in Brown County, Ohio, January 11, 1823; was appointed to West Point Military Academy in June 1843, to the place made vacant by the graduation of U. S. Grant, Woods graduated number three in his class and wascommissiond 2d Lieutenant in the 1st U. S. Artillery, in 1847. Immediately after his graduation he was detailed on recruitg service in New York city and in October was ordered, with his recruits, Com- panies L and M., to join his regiment in Mexico. The ship upon which he embarked was wrecked off the coast of South Carolina. His command escaped to an island and was taken to Fort Moultrie where it awaited another ship and finally reached Vera Cruz January 5, 1848, where the command was assigned to garrison duty. The following October Lieu- tenant Woods was promoted IsL Lieutenant and ordered back to New York. Soon after he was ordered with same com panics— L and M — to Oregon where he arrived May 9, 1849, after a sea voyage of six month from New York. In April, 1S51, he was sent in command of a detachment to "The Dalles," on the Columbia river east of the Cascade range, where he comanded the post for eighteen month. This was then the only post and he the only commissioned officer between the Cascade range and Fort Laramie. In Septem- SKETCHES OF OFFICERS 245 ber, 1852, he returned to Fort Vancouver, and the next Feb- ruary was ordered to New York as Superintendent of recruiting service. In June, 1853, he received leave of absence and visited Iowa, buying land in Jackson County. He married Miss Kezia Hight in September and soon after resigned his commission and removed to his lands in Iowa, where he made his home until the rebellion broke out when he tendered his service to the Governor and was commissioned Colonel of the 12th Iowa, October 23, 1861. From the organi- zation of the regiment to December, 1864, he was constantly with the regiment as its commander or the commander of the brigade or division with which the 12th was serving. At Shiloh he was twice wounded and taken prisoner, but was left on the field and recaptured the second day. Recovering from his wounds he was detailed on recruiting service until his regiment was exchanged when he assumed command. April 14, 1863, he was assigned to the command of 3d brigade, 3d division, 15th Army corps. From that time to the end of his term of his service he was almost constantly in command of a brigade or a division. He served during the Vicksburg campaign including the battle and siege of Jackson. On July 15, 1863, General Tuttle reported sick and Colonel Woods was assigned to command the 3d division and retained that command until October. He commanded the brigade at Tupelo and Oxford, and during the Price raid, until October 16, 1864, when he was again in command of the division until relieved by General McArthur. November 22, 1864, he mustered out of service on expiration of term and returned to Iowa where he engaged in business until 1869 when he removed to Kansas. He was a member of Kansas Legislature; Receiver of the General Land Office; Regent of State University and held several other important offices. He died at his home at Montana, Kas. , September 27, 1889. A more complete sketch may be found in proceedings of the reunion of 12th Iowa, held at Sioux City, Iowa in 1892. 246 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY Colonel John H. Stibbs, Brevet Brig. Gen, U. S. V. was born in Ohio March 1, 1840; was one of the first men in Iowa to sign a muster roll for the War of the Recellion. His name was second on the roll of Company K 1st Iowa Infantry in which company he served as 1st Sergeant at Wilson's creek and all the marches of the 1st Iowa. Within a week after his discharge from the three months' service, he was at work recruiting a company for three years service and sue ceeded in enlisting a full company of which he was elected Captain. The company was accepted and mustered iuto the United States service as D, 12th Iowa Infantry. Captain Stibbs was in command of his company at Fort Donelson and Shiloh, and with them was captured and shared the fate of the prisoners of war. Upon the reorganization of the regi- ment he was commissioned Major, and upon the resignation of Lieutenant Colonel Edgington was promoted Lieutenant Colonel September 25, 1863. From that time he was con- tinuously in command of the regiment until February, 1865. The history of the regiment during that time is his history. He received special mention and was brevorted Colonel for services at Nashville; was mustered Colonel of the regiment September 18, 1865; breveted Brig. General April 20, 1866, and mustered out April 30, 1866. From February 1865, he served as a member of Court martial that tried Captain Wirtz and some other military prisoners. After leaving the service he was employed as agent of the Quartermaster's Depart- ment and afterwards as Special Division Inspector of Pension office at Chicago where he is now employed. Lieutenant Colonel Samuel R. Edginton, was born near Mansfield, Ohio, May 12, 1827. At the age of 18 he enlisted in 9th Ohio and served with that regiment in the Mexican war; was married to Miss Lois Deal in 1849; removed to Iowa in 1852 and was among the first settlers of Eldora, where he engaged in mercantile business until 1861, SKETCHES OF OFFICERS 247 when he recruited Company A, of the 12th Iowa. At Shiloh he commanded the regiment after Colonel Woods was wounded and was taken prisoner with his regiment. Upon re organization of the regiment he was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel and almost immediately thereafter took command of the regiment retaining such command, most of the time, un- til August, 1863, when he resigned his commission and returned to his home at Eldora, Iowa, where he kept a hotel. He died May 20, 1888. See 12th Iowa Reunion pamphlet of 1888 for further par- ticulars. Lieutenant Colonel, Samuel G. Knee, Brevet Colonel U. S. v., was born in Martinsburg, Penn., March 11, 1834; removed to Deleware County, Iowa, in 1855, and worked at the carpenter's trade until the war broke out when he enlisted, September 19, 1861, in Company H, 12th Iowa, and was mustered in as 1st Sergeant of his company; was pro- moted 2nd Lieutenant November, 1862; Captain, September, 1863; Major in December, 1864; Lieutenant Colonel in 1865, and Breveted Colonel U. S. V., July, 1866. He participated in the battles of Port Henry, Port Donelson, Shiloh, Jack- son, Seige of Vicksburg, Tupelo, Nashville and Spanish Port; was taken prisoner at Shiloh; confined at Montgomery, Selma, and Libby prison; was paroled at Aiken's Landing Va., Oct. 18, 1862. In 1864 he commanded the Pioneer corps of the 1st Division, 16tli Army corps and was commended for bis energy and skill in building, in one night, out of raw material, a bridge 600 feet long, over which the army passed without accident. He commanded the regiment most of the time from Pebruary 1865, to muster-out, January 20, 1866. On muster-out of the regiment he returned to his home at Colesburg, Iowa, where he engaged in mercantile business. He married Miss Julia Moreland July 19, 1866, He died at his home, August 13, 1896, 248 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY Major Samuel D. Brodtbeck, was born in the city of Liestol, Switzerland, June 26, 1818. When only 12 years old he joined a company of sharpshooters, as trumpter, and served in a number of conflicts between his home district and Bale. In 1839 he entered the regular army of Switzer- land and in 1842 distinguished himself in several engage- ments and was commissioned Captain. He came to the United States in 1851 and two years later settled in Dubuque, Iowa, where he was for several years deputy County Recorder. In 185(3 he organized a Militia Company of which he was Captain. He was commissioned Major of Iowa Militia in summer of 1861, and placed in command of Camp Franklin, where the 9th Iowa was organized. When the 12th Iowa was being organized he was in command of Camp Union, and when the regiment was mustered in received his com- mission as Major of the regiment. He was present with his regiment at Benton Barracks, Fort Henry and Fort Donel- son. At Shiloh he was suffering from diarrhea and rheuma- tism contracted at Donelson and was unable for duty. He had tendered his resignation before the battle of Shiloh and it was accepted April 7, 1862. He returned to Dubuque and as soon as health was partially recovered, was commissioned Lieutenrnt Colonel on the Governor's Staff, and again placed in command of Camp Franklin, and organized and drilled the 21st, 27th, 23d, 3sth, and 43d Iowa regiments. Failing health compelled him to abandon active labor in the spring of 1863. In 1867 he made an extended visit to his mother in Switzerland in the hope of regaining his health. He re- turned to this country and attended regimental reunion in 1884, and soon after removed to California where he died January 21, 1997. Major Edward VanDuzee, was born in the town of FuUerville, St. Lawrence County, New York, April 19, 1835, Soon after his birth he removed with his parents to Scran- ton, Vt., and in 1851 to Buffalo, N. Y., and in 1852 to SKETCHES OF OFFICERS 249 Dubuque, Iowa. He studied law with Bissell and Mills in Dubuque and was admitted to the bar in 1858. May 12, 1859, he married Miss Caroline E. Jones, and in 1860 removed to Augusta, Ga., to engage in business with his father-in-law. The intense excitement over the Presidential election made it impossible for him to remain in the South and he left Augusta March 4, 1861, and returned to Dubuque. He enlisted Sep- tember 14, 1861, and November 16th was commissioned Cap- tain of Company I, 12th Iowa. He was present in command of his Company at Port Henry, Port Donelson and Shiloh; was taken prisoner, and with the other officers of the regiment was confined at various prisons in the South. Prom Mobile he was sent to Selma, thence to Talladega, and returned to Selma where he was held about three months then sent to Atlanta, Ga., next to Madison, Ga., where he remained until October 7 th; then was sent to Libby prison and was paroled October 13, 1862, at Aiken's Landing, Va., and exchanged in November. About the middle of Pebruary, 1863 he was detailed as Judge Advocate at Headquarters of Department of Missouri. In April he was relieved to join his company when it went South. He commanded his com- pany during all the marches and battles of the Vicksburg campaign. Near the close of this campaign he volunteered to defend Lieutenant Colonel Keeler of 35th Iowa, who had been arrested by General Sherman and charged with "allow- ing his men to set fire to a cotton gin." He secured the acquittal of Colonel Keeler and soon after was detailed as Judge Advocate of 3d Division 15th Army corps. August 5, 1863, he was promoted Major of the regiment and as such participated in all the campaigns and battles in which the regiment was engaged until December 1, 1864, when he mustered out by reason of expiration of time of service. Major VanDuzee, a member of the Baptist church, was known through the service as a sincere, earnest, Christian soldier. After his muster-out he lived in Dubuque, Iowa, four years and then removed to Minnesota. He resides in St, Paul and is business manager for an insurance company. 250 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY Major David W. Keed, was born in Cortland, N. Y., April 2, 1841; removed, with his parents, to Iowa and settled on a farm in Allamakee County in 1855; entered Upper Iowa University in 1860, and on the 15th day of September 1861 enlisted as a private in "University Recruits." This com- pany was mustered into the United States service October 24th, as "C," 12th Iowa Infantry. He was present with his company at Port Henry, Fort Donelson and Shiloh. After the regiment was surrounded at Shiloh he received gunshot wound, shattering the right thigh; was taken prisoner but was left on the field and was recaptured on Monday, and sent to the hospital at Mound City. In August he returned to duty with the Union Brigade and served with it in battle of Corinth and as Sergeant Major of that organization until January 1863. Upon the reorganization of the regiment he was elected 2nd Lieutenant of Company C, and was present with his company during the Vicksburg campaign and par- ticipated in all its engagements; was in command of his company August 1st to 10th; in command of Company P, August 10th to 31st, of Company C, September 7th to 24th, and of Company I, during the Brownsville expedition, October 6th to 31st; was commissioned 1st Lieutenant December 14, 1863, and in June 1864 was detailed as Acting Adjutant of the regiment and served as such in all the campaigns of the regiment until Pebruary 1865. At Tupelo his horse was killed under him, and at Nashville he led the left wing of the regiment in the capture of a battery of the enemy and received special mention by regimental and brigade com- manders. In Pebruary 1865 he was commissioned Captain of Company C, and was immediately detailed as Acting Pield Officer. In this capacity he served at Spanish Port and was breveted for gallantry in this engagement. Prom January to September 1865 he served as Inspector on the staff of General L. P. Hubbard. In October was detailed, with his company to garrison Center, Ala. ; was in command of that SKETCHES OF OFFICERS 251 Post until November -when he was directed to take command of the Post of Blue Mountain. He was commissioned Major 12th Iowa November 21, 1865, and was mustered out with his regiment January 20, 1866. On his return home he studied law and was admitted to the bar. in 1868, and the same year was elected County Recorder. He held that office ten years and in 1879 was appointed Postmaster at Waukon, Iowa, and held that office until 1887. He was Supervisor of Census, for 2d Iowa district, in 1890. He was married to Miss Ellen E. Manson in 1866; removed to Chicago January 1891. In 1895 was appointed Secretary and Historian of the Shiloh National Military Park Commission. He has three children — a son and two daughters — the son, Milton E. Reed, is Lieutenant — Senior Grade — in United States Navy. Surgeon Charles C. Parker was born on a farm near New Richmond, Ohio, September 12, 1823; was educated in common school and in Clermont Academy, which was estab- lished in 1839 on the Parker homestead by the Doctor's old- est brother. He studied medicine at Columbus, Ohio, where he afterward held a professor's chair for a number of years. September 12, 1855, he located in Fayette, Iowa, and com- menced the practice of medicine. He was a trustee and active worker in the interest of the Upper Iowa University from the time it was established; was commissioned Surgeon of the 12th Iowa October 25, 1861, and did excellent service for the regiment during the epidemic of measles at St. Louis and in care of the wounded at Fort Donelson and Shiloh. Disease, contracted during the exposure at Fort Donelson, compelled him to resign his commission April 19, 1862. He returned to Fayette and resumed the practice of his profession, and work in the interest of the university. He has held the office of Pension Examining Surgeon, and has always proved him- self to be a warm friend of deserving soldiers, 252 , TWELFTH REGII\fENT IOWA INFANTRY Surgeon Sanford W. Huff was born in Hamburg, Erie Co., N. Y., December 25, 1826. His ancestors on his mother's side were Quakers; on his father's side could be traced through the Knickerbocker line to the earliest settle ment of his native state. He received a common school and academic education, and graduated at the medical college at Buffalo, N. Y., in 1851; was married to Miss Harriet Borland in 1853; removed to Iowa in 1857, and engaged in the prac- tice of medicine at Iowa City; was commissioned Surgeon of the 12th Iowa August 19, 1862, and joined the regiment on its return from prison. He served with the regiment, or as Brigade or Division Surgeon, until January 20, 1866, when he was mustered out with the regiment and returned to Iowa, resuming the practice of his profession at Sigourney, Iowa. His wife died in 1862. He was again married, in 1H70, to Miss Laura S. Nickerson. He died at his home Friday, November 7, 1879. Assistant Surgeon Myron Underwood was born at Monticello, Ohio, August 7, 1833; graduated at Rush Med- ical College February 19, 1859, and soon after located at 5'teamboat Rock, Iowa; removed to Eldora, Iowa, in July, 1860; married Miss Sophia A. Ellis in 1861; was commis- sioned Assistant Surgeon of the 12th Iowa August 19, 1862, and joined the regiment on its return from prison. He was constantly with the regiment until the expiration of his term of service — September 15, 1865— when he returned to his home and resumed the practice of medicine. He was elected State Senator from the counties of Hardin and Grundy in 1885. He died at his home in Eldora, Iowa, August 12, 1894. See 12th Iowa Reunion, October, 1894, for particulars. Assistant Surgeon James Barr was born in Larnark- shire, Scotland, July 25, 1836. At nine years of age he was apprenticed to the weaver's trade. Eight years later he SKETCHES OF OFFICERS 253 came to the United States with his parents, and for a time worked in coal mines at Sharon, Pa. In 1856 he removed to Iowa, and in 1858 entered the Upper Iowa University; Sep- tember 15, 1861, he enlisted in the University Recruits, and in October was mustered in as Corporal of Company C, 12th Iowa Infantry. Soon after the organization of the regiment he was detailed for duty in regimental hospital, and served in that position, giving the sick and wounded of the regi- ment at St. Louis, Donelson and Shiloh excellent care. After the battle of Shiloh he was promoted Hospital Steward and served continuously with the regiment, re- enlisting as a veteran December, 1863. September 15, 1865 — just four years after his enlistment — he was commissioned Assistant Surgeon, in place of Underwood, mustered out. From that time to the muster-out Barr had entire charge of the sick of the regiment. Upon his return home he entered the office of Dr. C. C. Parker. He received his diploma from Rush Med- ical College in 1868, and soon after located at Algona, Iowa. He married Miss Salina M. Bradshaw in 1871. He and his wife were active members of the M. E. church and promi- nent in social affairs at Algona until 1894, when they removed to California, and are located at Los Angeles. Adjutant N. E. Duncan was born at Springhill, Pa , December 8, 1835; removed to Dubuque, Iowa, in 1854; en- listed in Company B, 1st Iowa, in 1861; was engaged in bat- tle of Wilson Creek; was mustered out at expiration of three months' term of enlistment, and returned to Dubuque Octo- ber 20th. He at once engaged in recruiting a company for three years' service, and on November 2, 1861, was commis- sioned Adjutant of the 12th Iowa. He served with the regi- ment at Fort Henry, Port Donelson and Shiloh; was wounded and taken prisoner at Shiloh, and remained a prisoner until October. During the Vicksburg campaign he was A. A, A. G. of 3d brigade, 1st division, 15th corps. In May, 1864, when 254 7 WELFTH REGIMENT lO WA INFANTR Y the 12th was assigned to the 16th corps, Lieutenant Duncan was detailed as A. A. A. G. of the 1st division, 16th corps, in which capacity he served until September, when he was taken sick and sent to the hospital at Little Rock. Prom hos- pital was granted sick leave, and mustered out at expiration of three years' service, Nov. 27, 1864. He engaged in business in Dubuque several years, and then removed to Kansas City, Mo. Adjutant Sylvester R Bukch, Brevet Captain U. S. v., was born near Dresden, Ohio, March 1. 1S42; removed to Iowa in 1H58; enlisted in Captain Stibbs' company, D, 12th Iowa, September 11, 1862. He served with his company con- tinuously at Benton Barracks and Fort Henry; was sick when regiment went to Donelson, but returned to duty, and was, with his company, captured at Shiloh. was promoted Corporal January 10, 1863; re enlisted December 25, 1863; promoted Sergeant Major of regiment June 1, 1864; Adju- tant February 10, 1865, and Brevet Captain June 25, 1866. He was mustered out with the regiment January 20, 1866, and returned to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where he farmed two years, and then removed to Olathe, Kas., and kept a hotel eighteen years; was twice elected Mayor; was appointed Postmaster in 1880, and in 1890 was Supervisor of Census; was afterward employed in Census office at Washington, and is now employed in Department of Agriculture, Wash- ington, D. C. Quartermaster Joseph B. Dorr, was born in Western New York August 25, 1825; removed to Buffalo in 1845 and to Jackson County, Iowa, in 1847; commenced the publica- tion of the Western Democrat at Andrew in 1849, and three years later removed to Dubuque and entered into partner- ship with D. A. Mahoney and published the Dubuque SKETCHES OF OFFICERS 255 Herald. In 1855 he bought out his partner's interest in the Herald and published the paper alone until 1861. When the war broke out, his loyalty caused him to sink party and financial interests and tendered his services to the Governor of the State. He was commissioned Quartermaster of the 12th Iowa November 5, 1861, and entered at once upon the discharge of his duties. He was with his regiment con- stantly until the battle of Shiloh when he was captured and confined at Macon, Ga. With Lieutenant Elwell of Company E, he escaped from prison and made his way to the Union lines. He then applied for and received authority to raise a regiment of cavalry in Iowa. He enlisted 1,700 men and on the 80th day of September 1863 "was mustered into United States service as Colonel of 8th Iowa Cavalry. During the summer of 1864 he was commanding his regiment in the Atlanta campaign. In one of the cavalry raids to the rear of Atlanta he was wounded, his regiment surrounded and nearly captured. Colonel Dorr refused to relinquish the command; ordered and led a charge which broke the enemy's lines and enabled a part of his regiment to escape. The wounded Colonel was captured and taken to Charleston, S. C, where he, with other officers, was placed under the fire of the Union guns, and remained there until October when he was exchanged and returned to his command. He was in active service in Tennessee and Georgia during the winter of 1864-5. In this service he contracted disease of which he died, in the service. May 28, 1865. Quartermaster George H, Morisey, entered the service as private of Company H, 12th Iowa. September 16, 1861; was mustered into the United States service Nov. 25, 1861; as Sergeant Major of the regiment. He served faith- fully and gallantry at Forts Henry and Donelson; was cap- tured with the regiment at Shiloh and remained in prison at Mobile, Montgomery and Macon until October 8, 1862, 256 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY when he was sent to Libby prison, Richmond, and from there paroled October 18, 1862. He was granted furlough and remained at his home untilJan. 3, 1863, when he rejoined his regiment at St. Louis. He was engaged with his regi- ment in the Vicksburg campaign, and on the 29th of May 1863 was commissioned Quartermaster. July 11, 1863, he was sent out from Jackson, Miss. , in charge of a forage train and was captured and sent to Richmond, Va., where he was confined eleven months; was then sent to Macon, Ga., where he remained three months, until July 28, when he was sent to Charleston, S. C. , and placed under fire of the Union bat- teries where he remained two months, and was then sent to Columbus He escaped from prison at Columbus Nov. 29, 1864, and made his way to Union lines, traveling only in the night and arrived at Knoxville, Tenn. — 400 miles from Columbus — January 7, 1865. His discription of the journey of forty nights is graphic and replete with adventures. He rejoined his regiment in the field in such feeble health that he was obliged to muster out February 12, 1865. He returned to his home at Manchester, Iowa, where he was for many years Recorder of Deeds. Recently he has been employed in Government services at Washington, D. C. Chaplain A, G. Eberhart was born at Greenboro, Pa., October 7, 1810; was ordained as a minister of the Baptist church in 1843; settled in Rock Island, 111., in 1850; removed to Waterloo, Iowa, in 1857; to Cedar Rapids in 1860; was commissioned Chaplain of the 12th Iowa November 5, 1861. He was taken sick at Benton Barracks, St. Louis, with a severe attack of lung fever, which compelled him to leave the service in April, 1862. He returned to Cedar Rapids, and afterwards served the church at Cedar Falls, Iowa; Plainfield, Joliet and Chicago, 111.; back to Waterloo, Iowa, and from there to Muscatine, Iowa, where he retired from the ministry in 1878, and died May 22, 1881. SKETCHES OF OFFICERS 257 Chapi^ain Frederick Humphrey was born in Couls- ville, N. Y,; graduated at Hamilton College, was professor of mathematics at Iowa State University; was commissioned Chaplain of the 12th Iowa April 24, 1864; joined the regi- ment while on March to Tupelo in July; served with the regiment continuously until mustered out with the regiment, January 20, 1866. On his return to Iowa, was rector of Trinity church, Muscatine, Iowa; professor of Divinity School, Faribault, Minn. 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O br-( ^ 'O _J"-'H rO G^ O X Oj cS ^ O S S ^ M . • QQ. ■^^ 3 be' t/3 rG Q^ o o ^ -^ G X' x; :c :c 0:c *i -U CL 00 03 O (1) -» " ^ ^' 3 ^ c 2rG - t?' s -< . 03 tj ■^ G PLh o3 (P'-s ^ o h- 1 "^ I CO rj 3 Q H,^ . ^^ z d ^ .2' ROSTER 283 X5 t^ i ^ O 3 , o 'O . ^ T3 ^ 0^ ryj I— I (B D-( l3q41Q4: .Q ^ =3 3 £3 +^ O r/! g 0} CC , *^ • *^ tZ • • .+i*3 j-j . . . OccOcozpOi-scccw MO 00 P5 o^ rfj 1 ao O 'El blD'SnO 'S- 1^1 1 S- tH CC t^^ ;. ' CS CS;=1 ■ ^ %^ u o O 03^ Ffe S S G P 03 HS^^ s o on ■^ -^ -6 r»<» r' s O ^5 wd5 284 TWELFTH REGIMENT IOWA INFANTRY VI : cc M f OJ : ^" <; S : -5 Its '^•^'^ •'^'^ 'T^^^^ q:)(D O O O C di+J 57o O 4) OJ J5 ® O S y)0Ql5 QQQp-^a: ^ fH . is * g§ ! H o o 6 c P f c ■c 1/ d ji *j +3 . : en : ^ £3 l-H M t. S fl C . G G 2S (B S n o • C3 • O 7^ 1-5 |j^ piH '^] : ^ '^ ^ \ ^fa ^^ G S ■^ t^'S'H a^- .i^ ^ n. Jos an, H ff, Au ft, Ed son. 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O ^ OI-5 P5. 03 -^ tn 0) o . a; • CO ;3C0 ^■-s a ., 0) cS fl o o o CQOOO ERRATA. Page 51— The last lines on the page are fully explained in the report of Colonel Woods on pages 74 and 75. Page 65— Ninth line from the bottom; for Swain read Sawin. Page 66— Fourth line; for Philetus read Theophilus Eaton. Page 66 — In the last line of note at bottom of the page; strike out "Teskey and" making the line read: "that Hatfield and Cotes were wounded by the same bullet." Page 66 — Add note at bottom of the page as follows: ' Capt. T. B. Edgington and R. P. Clarkson both say that they know from personal knowledge and from diary kept at the time of the battle that Morau and Leffler were killed on the field, and that the following na^med members of Company A, in addition to those named above, were wounded at Shiloh: Sergt. T. B. Edgington, Corp. B. F. Ibaeh, Francis C. Cromwell, Eugene C. Coombs, George H. Cobb, Nelson Collins, Thomas Dorman, Ryei'son Kellogg, John Whitson, Asa M. Wickham, Asel J. Wickham." T. J. Lewis says: "I know that Corp. Henry W. Ross of Co, D, was wounded at Shiloh." These corrections in Companies A, D, and I, will add 2 to the known killed making 19, and 17 to the reported wounded, making 93 wounded. Page 290-Transferred July 16 and 19, 1865. "University Recruits" Company C. I2th Iowa Infantry. D. W, REED, "UNIVERSITY RECRUITS." Company C, i2th Iowa Volunteer Infantry, Early in the summer of 1861. the students of Upper Iowa Uni- versitY at Fayette, Iowa, organized a company for drill, calling themselves "University Recruits," and resolved : "That when- ever the occasion demands it we will drop oiir books to fight our country's battles." Several members of this organization entered the service during the summer in the 3d and 9th Iowa, but at the opening of the fall term, Sept. 2, 1861, the company was still intact and daily drills on the campus were at once resumed. The call of President Lincoln for 300,000 men convinced the boys that the lime had come for them to carry out their resolu- tions, .and at a public meeting in University Chapel in the after- noon of September 15, 1861, twenty-three members enrolled their names and pledged themselves to answer the President's call for troops. One of those who signed the roll, after deliberation asked to be excused "because he had married a wife and could not go." Two joined other organizations, and one was rejected by the mustering officer. Nineteen became members of Company C, 1 2th Iowa. Immediately after enrollment all the members left school un- der an agreement that each should go to his own home on re- cruiting service and should return to Fayette in one week with recruits obtained. At the appointed time one hundred and one men, the full compliment allowed in a company, reported for duty and on the 28th, just thirteen days after the first name was signed to the roll, the service of the company was accepted by the Governor, and the company was ordered into quarters at the Fayette House, and commenced the regular routine of drill. The election of officers was had with result as follows : Captain, W. W. Warner; ist Lieutenant, D. B. Henderson; 2d Lieutenant, A. M. Smith ; Serg:eants. G. W. Cook, Gilbert Hazlet, Emery Clark, James Stewart; Corporals. David Conner, Thomas Henderson, P. R. Ketchum, S. F. Brush, J. F. Hutchins, D. D. Warner, G. L. Durno, James Barr. Twenty-two students leavinf^- the school in a bod\- made sail havoc with the classes and President Brush undertook to counter- act the patriotic tendencies of the students by writinp^ letters to parents urging them to use their parental authority and forbid the enlistment. His efforts were counteracted by the Preceptress, Miss E. A. Sorin. who gave the boys her sympathy; became their champion and remained their true friend during the war. A'r. better record of woman's devoted service to the Union can be shown than was shown by her in her interest for "her boys." Calling the young ladies of the University together she interested them in her ])lans and they purchased material and with their own hands made a beautiful flag for the company upon which they embroidered the name in full "l^niversity Recruits loi." This flag was presented to the company by Aliss Sorin in behalf of the ladies of the U. I. U. in a very patriotic and touching address as follows : TO THE UNIVERSITY RECRUITS. Address of IMiss Sokin on Presenting the Flag. In hchalf of the ladies of the Upper Iowa University, it has been made my pleasing duty to present to you, our brave Volunteers, the stand' ard of our Union. We feel that to you, who for its honor, have not counted your lives dear unto you. its Stars and Stripes, are a far more eloquent appeal for the right than mortal lips can address; yet, in part- ing from you we would fain add to its influence a word of sisterly cheer and encouragement. , It has been but a little while since some of you were attentively pursuing your studies, and others quietly attending to your daily voca- tions, little dreaming thus to change the current of your lives. Why have you gathered here? What has called you from the shop, the farm, the study? Our Government, the pride of every loyal American heart, is imperiled. You have listened to the coming storm, and as you have heard it breaking angrily iipon our borders, the blood of patriot sires has throbbed more quickly in your veins. Our Country has called as she alone can call and you have nobly responded. We honor you for it. We grieve to lose you, but we should be unworthy of you, did we bid you stay. No ! go like brave men, and may the Great Arbitrator of the fate of the Nation be your leader. As you go remember that not in your own right arm lies the strength that is to save you. Let our praying Washington be your model, and remember always that God only can re- ward your patriotism with success. Upon you, the officers, rests a high responsibility. By the voice of your company, you have been placed at their head. Let it be your effort to be to them in all things, leaders of their trust. Set them exam- ples of prompt obedience, prudent courage, and strict virtue. Let it never be said of you that you have, in any respect, been recreant to your duty. h'or you. Captain Warner, the only son of fond parents; the only brother of doting sisters, many a fervent prayer will ascend heaven- ward : and not from these only, from whom you could expect no less, but from the aching hearts of those whose sons, brothers and husbands are under your care, will daily be heard the ardent petition that wisdom and courage may be given you, for your post. Be a true friend to you men. Be true to yourself, your cause and your God ; and may heaven protect you in the discharge of your duty. But while we thus bid you all God's speed, our hearts tremble for you. We know that loneliness, weariness and pain are before you. In your hours of sadness you will miss the familiar tones of loved ones that have been to chase away your sorrow ; in sickness you will miss the loving care that alone can make suffering endurable. At times you may feel yourselves indeed desolate, and unhappy; but be of good courage, warm hearts are praying for you, and, when they are needed, willing hands will be found ready to minister to you wants. Death too, awaits you. We cannot hope to see you all again ; it would be strange indeed, if out lot could be so fortunate. Some must fall, let it be with your faces to the foe. And there is another fear that we cannot shake off. You cannot be exempt from the temptations in- cident to the camp. You are entering upon the life of peril ; will you make it also a life of prayer? There is one who can shield you from the power of temptation, and but one. Brothers with many of you we have trodden the steeps of science and pursued peacefully — happilv — the quiet ways of religion; may we not hope that in our now dividing paths, the remembrance of these pleasure seasons will be with you, as with sunny spots in life's picture. You leave us now ; wherever you go, remember there are hearts here that will yearn over you with an interest only less intense than that felt by the home circle you have so recently left. Our prayers and bles- sings shall follow you in all your wanderings; we shall rejoice in your prosperity and shall be afflicted in your sorrow. May the God of Nations strengthen your arms and encourage your hearts, and, above all, may He grant you that preparation for death which alone can support you in the hour of your extremity. God bless you all, friends, schoolmates, pupils. Take our Hag, and as it floats over you, sometimes give a thought to those by whom it has been presented. Proudly, confidently, we com- mit it to your keeping. We do not bid you guard it : we knoiv it is safe in your hands. As you have been proud to live under it, if death be your lot, may you die under its folds, and may God protect and pros- per you as you defend your colors. Captain Warner responded very appropriately as he received the flag-, btit we are unable to find that his response was pre- served. The position of 5th Serg-eant was*not filled at the time of election of other officers, but was by unanimous vote of the company left to the choice of the donors of the flag, with the understanding- that the one elected by them should be color bearer for the company. In a spirited contest, the secrets of which have never been fully revealed to the company, Henry J. Grannis was duly elected Color Bearer. It will not be inappro- priate to say here diat no election ever gave better satisfaction or proved more completely the wisdom of the electors. Upon the organization of the regiment this company was assigned as Color Company, Grannis was appointed as Color Sergeant and carried the colors of the regiment in every Ijattle in which the regiment was engaged during the war, and no one will sav that the flag of any regiment was ever more gallantly born, or that any Color Bearer in any war was more devoted to his trust than was the one elected by the ladies of the U. I. U. To finish the history of the flag : It was carried as Regi- mental Colors by the 12th Iowa and received its first baptism at Fort Donelson, February 13, 14 and 15, 1862, and was carried in 5 triumph into the fort February i6th. Its brigh\t folds waved over the stubborn line at the "Hornets' Nest" at Shiloh from morning- until late in the afternoon, inspiring its defenders with that heroic courage which enabled them to withstand the re- peated onsets of the enemy. The Army of the Tennessee was saved from defeat at Shiloh, but those who contributed most to prevent its defeat sacrificed themselves as prison,ers and were compelled to see their flag carried from the field a trophy of war. That those who gave the flag were satisfied with its defense is shown by their acts. One of the donors in an essay read at June Commencement says : Our Flag, by Miss Susie Sorin. * * * YYg ]Qyg ti^p Stripes and Stars, Freedom's red, white and blue. In peace we have hailed it with delight as the bond of our Union and the token of our prosperity and now when imperiled, yet triumphant, we turn our gaze upon it with the conscious pride and confidence that right inspires. * * * When we read the returns from the seat of war fraught with news both good and ill, we drop a tear for our lost friends, but we look aloft upon our banner of liberty and many and fervent are the prayers which arise to heaven for its protection. * * =1= ^g ^ school our pride in our Country's Flag is no idle boast, our roll has been diminished to augment the strength of our army. We grieve to part with our fellow students, but they loved our country and we bade them adieu, giving them God's blessing and the proudest gift we could bestow : Our Coun- try's Flag. We gave it to them knowing we were trusting it to the care of brave and true patriots. And have they failed to keep the charge? The flag that received its baptism of fire at Fort Donelson and at Pitts- burg Landing was waving in the advance for the lovers of freedom to follow, bears witness to the fidelity with which they have kept their trust. All honor to these who fought and fell around it. Nobly did they wrestle with the foe, but as the day wore away, kind heaven for one moment averted her face — the enemy rallied around the lessened numbers, and our school-mates were prisoners. Our Flag wrested from the grasp of those who prized it dearer than life. The sky looks dark, but away in the future the clouds seem breaking and through the rift we can descern the day of triumph for our country. We tender a heart-felt welcome to those who have returned and our Sympathies to those who, enduring the fate of war, tarry beneath a Southern sky, bidding them remember that "Captivity that comes with honor is true liberty." It is true that the flag that waved us adieu from yonder hill is ours no longer but the spirit whose utterance it was, is as free as the air of our prairies, and we but wait the word to fling forth again to the breeze : The Stars for our heroes The Stripes for our foes. Another of the U. I. U. at a later date says : SOLDIERS OF THE U. I. U. By L. Hattie S. Aldrich. I looked along its Southern slope. Grim shadows o'er the blue were cast Vast shadows with an ample scope Where peaceful and all so late We dwelt as sisters of one band. I heard a haughty voice of hate Come up from Carolina's strand, A rallying cry from State to State Re-echoed through the startled land. And then we saw our heroes go Our brave young heroes firm and blest With more of love than pride I know. For all their courage and their zeal They heard our blessing deep and low Who knew our yearnings for their weal. I heard the sound of fife and drum A faint, low prelude to the storm, A boast of chivalry ! "We come !" Struggled from brave hearts fresh and warm. The storm sweeps on and lips grow dumb. And stark and dead lay many a form. I hear the shriek of shot and shell With vengeful ire and pleading woe. The sullen guns, the rallying yell Now long and loud, then faint and low, The death orchestra of hell. And who shall win? But God can know. The growling cannon surging smoke The gapping ranks and eager fire, The serried plunge ; the brown walls break And proud eyes speak fulfilled desire, Long cheers the distant echoes woke As up our flag swept high and higher Fort Donelson is ours and then Fresh laurel crowns our heroes wore And braver boys and braver men Had never met to fight before Shall never meet to fight again On any land or any shore. When April came the Spring to greet. The battle spread her winding sheet On thy red sod, O ! Tennessee ; And laid our braves to their last rest. And then on Mississippi's shore I saw our armies brave and strong, I saw our gallant host once more Go out to meet and fight the wrong. A glorious conquering flag they bore. And well might ring the victor's song. And here on memory's fadeless page We trace with pride, each loyal deed, Each deed that in the coming age Shall win for them a soldier's meed And glorious things would we pressage For Lakin, Henderson and Reed. The battle done amid his dreams As on his weary couch he lay. The soldier clasped such blessed gleams. He saw the meadows far away His fond lips found gurgling streams In the cool silence of the day. And the old homestead just the .same. Swift happiness with no alloy ! For tender, loving sisters came With gentle words and smiles of joy. He heard his mother speak his name And blessed again her own dear boy. They bore the patriot hero home; Brave Warner! Idol of the brave! Where saddest hearts might make their moan Their prayers to Him who called, who gave. They laid him where the loved might come To weep above the grass-grown grave. But soldiers 'neath the Southern sod. That sod baptized with sacred gore Grim battle's iron hoof has trod, Above your rest forever more. The years shall come, the years shall go. Spread snowy wreaths where you have bled And watchful flowers shall bud and blow Above each lonely warrior's bed. But fallen martyr's, nations know, Your memories never can be dead, And they who fight as heroes fight. With hearts unflinching to the steel Against the wrong, firm in the right. With fearless courage. Spartan zeal, Tlicir names are set in lines of light United with our Country's weal. The maimed, the wounded and the true Who bear through life their honored scars Our patriot soldiers, boys in blue Who fight beneath our honored bars. Our grateful people give to you Its blessing, and a crown of stars. And when the morn of peace awakes And silenced is the battle roar, When light through all the darkness breaks. We'll welcome home the brave once more, We'll greet them for their own dear sakes When all this "Cruel War is O'er." History of "Our Flag" by Miss E. A. Sorin. My Dear Friend : I wish I could give you what you request, — what I would like for myself — a detailed account of the "inside history of that 'Dear Old Flag;'" but is it not generally true that the people who are making history are unconscious of it, and quiie too busy to note its phases? I know of no one who ever thought of preserving a record of the days and weeks immediately preceding and following the muster of the "University Recruits." Events followed each other in such rapid suc- cession ; events of such vast importance, that minor details soon grew comparatively faint in outline. For some of us this is truer than for others. Since I left the U. I. U.. I have had so much of care and respon- siliility, that many a picture that I would have been glad to preserve in the freshness of its coloring has been blurred and faded almost beyond recall. So you see it would be quite impossible for me to write the chapter you desire. I will however, give you such points as recur to me, only saying that I can give but few names of the girls .specially interested in the making of "Our Flag;" and it seems unfair to leave out one whose heart went in with her stitches in the red, white and blue. Names recalled are: Clara Warner, Susie Sorin, Maggie Kent (Paine), Lizzie Webster, Sue Quigley, Mary Cook, Miss Lovell, Lizzie Morgan (Davis), Lucy Updegraff, Celia Henderson (Drake), Katie Morley, Miss Knapp, /\da Smith, The Barber girls, The Preston girls, Clara Bell (Ellis). After the memorable meeting in the Chapel, when Warner reminded the young men of their pledge, given to each other, to respond in person to the next call for troops, the girls decided, whether in formal meeting of not, I cannot say, that they would be represented in the flag you should carry with you. I do not remember dates, but none of us can forget that when the girls sent word to the proper authorities that it was their intention to furnish the Flag, word was immediately returned in the form of a request that they would also nominate the Color Bearer. A meeting was at once called in the Ladies' Hall. The, Hall was full. After stating the ob- ject of the meeting nominations were called for. Whether these nomi- nations were first made by ballot or viva voce I am unable to say, but after canvassing the subject, its honors and its perils, and the candidates also, two names were selected for ballot : D. W. Reed and H. J. Grannis. Then the electioneering followed. The boys never knew the heart histories unfolded in that little room and I mustn't tell. I can almost feel even now the suspense that awaited the counting of the ballots. I guess I will not tell tales out of school by saying whose hearts were lighter and whose sadder by the announcement that Henry was elected, to what seemed to us the post of pre-eminent danger. I do not remem- ber in what way the action taken was communicated to the company, but I can never forget Henry's visit in person to thank the girls through me for the honor conferred. With swimming eyes he expressed his grati- 10 tude and pledged himself to stand by the colors. How well he redeemed his pledge you all know. I cannot remember whether the presentation was in forenoon or afternoon, but only a few hours before the presentation it was discovered that the flag was larger than regulation size. It was made at Maggie Kent's. The girls assembled there had done their best; the stripes had been carefully cut and precise directions given, but so many fingers were at work that some were at fault and now it must be reconstructed, correctly and quickly, — I think Clara Bell (Ellis) could give the history of that if she would. The work was completed in time, and the beau- tiful emblem with its embroidered stripe "University Recruits" was ready for the hour. What a stirring hour that was ; How bright the sun shone ! There are hours you know that are engraven on memory and that was one. I shut my eyes and see Captain Warner before me with the quiet dignity of manner that fell upon him like a mantle in the hour when he set his name to that enlistment roll in the Chapel, and that never left him from that hour. Glancing over his shoulder, I met the fixed gaze of Henderson's eye. I do not see another soul — not even Henry's. Oh ! we saw souls in those days, not people. How proud we all were at home when the news came back to us from Dubuque that the "University Recruits" was Company C, and was the Color Company of the regiment. We were sure there were no boys like you. How much prouder were we when we heard that "Our Flag" was first on the Ramparts of Donelson. But O ! what a dreadful chill came to our hearts with the news from Pittsburg Landing. Soon, however, gathering what comfort we could under the circumstances, we said : "Our boys are sure to be exchanged and we must have a flag ready for them when that time comes around. The second flag was prepared, and remembering that their had been some difficulty in arranging the stars upon the first field, Clara Warner and I made that part of the work our special business. For a guide we had before us a photograph of Jinimie Lakin's Company of 3d Iowa with its colors flying. This second flag, an exact duplicate of the first was presented to the company and carried to the end of the war. I was greatly surprised, and honored, when our Veteran Company C at its disbanding, voted "Our Flag" to me. In no way could they have shown their trust more warmly. I carried it about with me for years, never daring to leave it anywhere lest harm might befall it. It was, as you know, sent back and forth, between Grannis and myself, several times in order to be present at each gathering of the Company. When I left St. Louis, six years ago, I felt that I was going too 11 far away to be convenient to transfer the treasnre from time to time as we had been in the habit of doing. It was always my intention to leave the flag, by will, to Henry. And as it seemed to me that I was going to be bnried alive in the far West I thought it best to attend in person to the disposition of that piece of property, so I committed it to Henry's keeping. With him there could be no prouder treasure, and there is not a spot on earth where it would be safer. The return of the flag to Grannis, as mentioned above, was accompanied bv the following letter: San Francisco, Cal., May 4th, 1887. Soldier Friends of Company "C." In imagination I look into your faces today as you gaze again upon the worn flag that's dear alike to you and me. While I think of it and you. memory hastily turns the pages of the past. Here is the hushed gathering in the chapel of the University when the gallant Warner presented the muster-roll, with bated breath, we, who were to be left behind, watched one after another deliberately sign the paper that devoted his life to his county. Another leaf: Under a cloudless sky, whose blue was the emblem of your own truth, it was my signal honor, in behalf of the girls of the U. I. U. to commit to your keeping, your first flag, inwrought with many a fond wish and fervent prayer for your safety and speedy return. Another, a double page: Donelson: Up the ramparts we see you pressing, and now upon the summit waves "Our Flag" in Henry's hands. Shiloh : Stern fighting, a weary march, aching hearts, here and there outlined are enough to fill them up with pain. You met and endured the chances of war. To those who survived the terrible trials of Anderson- ville and Libby. in due time came the second trust of loving hearts and ready hands, the Flag before you. At the close of the war, when as veterans you disbanded at Daven- port you did me the honor to vote to me this most precious token of your friendship. With what gratitude I received it, and with what feelings I have preserved it I cannot express. It has been my proudest possession, often has it been exhibited to my friends, both West and East, and with it told the story of Co. "C" It has also been my pleasure repeatedly to send it by express to your standard bearer for use in your reunions. Notwithstanding this I have often thought I ought to trans- fer the flag, not my interest in it, that I never will, to its long time bearer, both because he deserves the possession and because when you need it it will be more readily available, 12 Since circumstances have determined mj^ removal to a distant part of the Union I transfer the flag the more willingly, assuring you that its change of base is influenced only by the motives I have mentioned. Cherishing warmly the memory of your trust, I replace the flag where it ought to be, in the hands of your honored standard bearer, Henry Grannis. No one loves it better, no one more deserves it. God Bless it and you, Sincerely your friend, E. A. SORIN. The "University Recruits" remained in quarters at Fayette House, drilling, until October i6th when, at 8 a. m., the company was paraded on the campus and many assembled friends passed along the line and bade each one good-bye, and the company marched away to the hill south of town where seventeen wagons were waiting to convey the boys to Independence. As the com- pany marched from the campus and until it disappeared from sight over the hill, the friends continued to wave their adieu.s while some one, more zealous than thoughtful, set the old uni- versity bell tolling as if it were a long farewell, as, indeed, it proved to be to many of those who marched so gallantly awa>' that bright October morning. The company arrived at Independence about 4 p. m. and was lodged at \\niite's Plotel until next morning at 9 o'clock when it was transported to Dubuque by railroad. And was escorted by Companies A and H to Camp Union, where it was assigned to quarters in rough-board barracks. On October 24, 1861, the Company was duly mustered into the United States service for three years or during the war as Company C, 12th Iowa Volunteer Infantry, total rank and file 100. From that day until late in the fall of 1865 the history of Com- pany C is identical with the history of the regiment. It served constantly with the regimental headquarters and participated in all the battles, skirmishes and marches of the regiment. Captain Warner was very sick while at St. Louis and was 13 granted leave of absence about Jannarv i. 1862. Lieutenant Henderson commanded tbe company until the battle of Fort Donelson, February 15, 1862. when he was severely wounded in chin and throat bv a musket ball and in shoulder by a piece of shell. He refused to leave the field until forcibly carried off by his brother. Others of the Company wounded at Fort Donelson were: W. B. Warner, severely, leg- amputated; W. W. Quivey, slig^htly. Lieutenant Smith commandicd the company, after Henderson was wounded, until Warner's return about March ist. Captain Warner commanded the company at Shiloh and was taken prisoner with 39 of his company. The casualties in the companv at vShiloh were, killed: Corporal Thomas Henderson, Charles Pendleton, and Charles Larson. Missinp^ never heard of, supposed to have been killed, Georq;e W. Grannis. Wounded, Serg-eant G. W. Cook, slip^htlv in shoulder. Corporal P. R. Ketchum, severely in thig'h ; Hcnrv Georj^e, severely in leg'; J. Wilson Kinf^', slij^htly ; Frank W. Afoine, severely in face : A. P. Munger, severely in thig-h ; D. W. Reed, severely in thigh. All these wounded were prisons over night but were abandoned or paroled within a few days, except Cook and King who were held as prisoners of war about eight months. Lieutenant Henderson, returning from hospital April 6, too late to participate in the battle of that day, commanded the remnant of the companv on A]')ril 7, and during the seige of Corinth. He served as Adjutant of the Union Brigade at the Battle of Corinth, October 3 and 4, 1862, and was severelv wounded, causing amputation of the foot. Others wounded at Corinth were : N. H. Spears severely in hand ; A. L. Kellev, severely in thigh : Daniel Stone, severely in groin. There was no commissioned officer of the company present with the command from October 4, 1862, to the reunion of the reginient at St. Louis in April, 1863. Lieutenant Henderson resigned in Febru- arv. 1863, and G. W. Cook and D. W. Reed were promoted lieutenants. 14 Henderson's farewell to the company and the response were as follows : Henderson Prairie, Iowa., March 8, 1863. Dear Comrades : To me, parting with you is painful ; but parting from you without a few words of farewell is impossible. About seventeen months ago, one hundred of the patriotic young men of Northern Iowa left the comforts of cheerful homes and became a sterling band of brothers, whose earnest wish was to dare, suffer, yes die in the defense of their beloved country. All of this they have en- dured ; privations, suffering, death, and now that gallant one hundred is cut down to half the original number, having lost here and there a noble heart, in prison, hospital, or bloody field. The track of the 12th Regi- ment is marked by the graves of our gallant band. Disease and wounds have also done their part to disable your comrades and decimate your lanks. Comrades, I can say that wherever duty called "Company C", there is was found. Your past precedent of heroic manliness bespeaks for your laurels in the future that can only deck the brow of the truly brave and upright soldier. And although I must now part with fellow soldiers, who will be ever dear to my heart, yet in spirit I can never be separated from those brave men with whom I have shared the toils of camp and march and the dangers of battle. Is there one of you who falters in meeting the dangers which beset you while supporting our dear old flag and beloved country? I know you, my comrades, and can see plainly in those flashing eyes the answer, "No !"' It is useless for me to say how much I am disappointed because I cannot longer remain with you. I have encountered disappointments before, but this is my great- est. To me you are a little band of heroes, brothers, with whom it was my proudest wish to live or die or to return again to a peaceful country and our welcome homes. Fear not for the future! The Government will be maintained and a happy day awaits you. God bless you all, brave hearts ; and grant this one request : remember kindly he who remembers you in love. D. B. Henderson. Lieutenant Henderson : Camp Benton, Mo., March 21, 1863. Our Very Dear Friend: With hearts full of sorrow we have received your words of cheer and farewell. How often have we reverted to those hours of hope when we banded together and offered ourselves for our Country's service. 15 Most severe has been many of the scenes through which we have passed. When first we were called upon to stem the tide of battle on the bloody field of Donelson, we remember it was you who led us in that fearful charge. With that undaunted courage which marks the true officer, you cheered us on, inspiring in us confidence and determination ; but you fell dangerously wounded, and we saw you covered with blood, borne from the field, your face still radiant with hope and courage ; then more fiercely we rushed on to the conflict to revenge yon, our leader. Victory was ours, but it gave us not back Lieutenant Henderson. Since then some of us have never seen you. When you had recovered from your wounds and come back to us, zve had bowed to the destiny of war. Another conflict had swept over us, and zvc were prisoners. A few of our brave boys who remained, you gathered together and led through the tedious marches succeeding. Then a dangerous disease seized upon you and carried you almost to the portals of death ; but with a deter- mined spirit you rallied your wasted energies and with renewed vigor rushed again into the dangers of battle. On that memorable day, the 4th of October, when leading on your band amidst the thickest of the conflict, again you fell with a fearful wound, from which you suffered so many days, weeks and months of most intense agony and finally the loss of your foot. Our hearts are all very, very sad over your great loss, and filled with deepest regrets when we are conscious that we must lose you from our band; that no more will your joyous face shed its benigned smile upon us. No more will your deeds of valor redound to our glory. No more will your words of cheer stimulate when sorrow and hardship surround us. Your disappointment is great, and ours is also great. We have lost a cheerful companion, a loved fellow soldier, and a brave, efficient ofiicer, one in whom we all felt the fullest confidence. Although you are no longer to mingle in our sports, our hardships and marches, still rest assured we shall ever think of you as when you were with us, and it is a source of great pleasure to know that zvc shall be remembered by you. We feel conscious that centered in you we each have a friend. You and your many kind ofiices will ever be remembered by us, and when these days of conflict are over and we return to our peaceful homes we shall know that you stand ready to welcome us with the full sincerity of your noble soul. May God bless you in your affliction with heaven's richest blessings. We shall all ever remember you in love. W. W. Warner, In behalf of Co. C, 12th Iowa, 16 Captain Warner commanded the company during all of the Vicksburo- campaign, and was wounded in wrist by piece of shell June 4, but did not relinquish the command. The other casualties in the company at Vicksburg were : Norton T. Smith, killed May 18; Edward H. Adams, wounded severely June 8, leg- amputated ; Daniel McCall, wounded slightly May 27. Captain Warner died at Memphis, Tenn., December 12, 1863, and Captain Cook was in command of the company from that time until he was mustered out, December i, 1864. During the time the company was engaged at battle of Tupelo where its loss was : Sergeant Emery Clark, wounded severely in neck, felt on field for dead, was taken prisoner and confined at Anderson- villc until the end of the war ; Sergeant James Stewart, wounded severely in arm; John W. McCall, wounded slightly. At the time of musterout of Captain Cook, Lieutenant Reed was acting as Adjutant, this left the company in command of 1st Sergeant W. L. Henderson during the battle of Nashville, Tenn., and never was the company more gallantly commanded than at that battle. The casualties were : Corporal David Con- nor, mortally wounded ; George A. Burroughs, slightly, and Benjamin Delezene and I. L. Jordan, severely wounded. Soon after the battle of Nashville, D. W. Reed was com- missioned Captain and W. L. Henderson was commissioned ist Lieutenant. Reed was at once detailed as Eield Officer of the regiment and acted in that capacity or on detached service, stafif duty or court martials, most of the time to the end of the war, leaving Lieutenant W. L. Henderson in command of the company at Spanish Fort and other stations occupied by the company in- cluding Montgomery, Selma and Talladega. On the 8th day of October, 1865, an order was received as fol- lows : "Captain D. W. Reed, Company C, 12th Iowa Inft. Vols., is hereby assigned to duty with his company to Garrison Center, the county seat of Cherokee County, Ala. He will report for instructions at these headquarters at 4 p. m. to-morrow. 17 The quartermaster's department will furnish the necessary transportation. By order of T. C. Moore, Lt. Col. Comd'g. District of Talladega." Under this order the company left Talladega Monday, Oc- tober Qth, by rail to Blue Mountain, and marching from there reached its destination on the nth. Captain Reed assuming command of the garrison. His general instructions were to col- lect Government property, which had been scattered through that country during Atlanta campaign ; assist planters and the freed- men in adjusting contracts for labor and maintain the peace gen- erally. As prn'ofe instructions he was directed to secure the arrest of one Daniels, Sheriff of the County, who was accused of having murdered a U. S. soldier and was in hiding in the vicinity of Center. Information was received one night that Daniels was at his home. A guard was stationed and at about 4 o'clock in the morn- ing Daniels was arrested as he was leaving the house and brought to the Captain's quarters. On his person was found a silver-mounted revolver, marked "Presented to Lt. Col. Chas. F. Manderson, 19th Reg. O. V. I., bv the officers of the regiment." The revolver was taken and inquiry made of Adjutant General of Ohio for the address of Col. Manderson. In answer Reed was informed that said Manderson had been mustered out of service ; had left the state for some place in the west, address unknown. Years afterwards Reed saw the statement, "Chas. F. Manderson has just been elected U. S. Senator from Nebraska." He at once wrote to inquire if this was the same Manderson who was Lieutenant Colonel of the 19th Ohio. Receiving answer that it was the same, the revolver was sent to the newly-elected senator, who acknowledged receipt and said, 'T am very glad to get the revolver and am now anxious to find its mate. There was a pair of them captured from a baggage train by Joe Wheeler's com- mand in rear of Atlanta." About a year later Senator Mander- 18 son wrote: "I have found tlie other revolver. Yestertlay I was called to reception room and was introduced to General Joe Wheeler and Rep. Reves from Alabama, after some inquiry as to my identity Mr. Reves handed me the mate to the revolver you sent me and said he received it from one of Wheeler's men who captured it. General Wheeler told of the raid and capture of the train, and I told them how I was returning- to the front from absent, wounded ; had left the train and my bag^'age to take a short cut across the mountains when the train was captured and my baggage with it." The incidents, altogether, are romantic and would make a chapter by itself. Daniels was taken to Montgomery ,under guard ; turned over to the authorities for trial ; what was the result is not known to this writer. While under guard he re- marked : "You men belong to the 12th Iowa; I belonged to the 1 8th Alabama and was one of the guard that marched you off the field at Shiloh ; now you have me under guard." The company enjoyed its stay at Center very much and formed many friendships with the people who were pleased to say that our boys were all gentlemen and treated the citizens much more civilly than some of their own soldiers had been in the habit of doing. During our stay at Center there was attached to the com]>any temporarily as couriers, five men of Company G under com- mand of that model soldier Corporal Henry Steen. These men by their tYue soldierly qualities, their prompt and ready execution of orders, their neatness in dress and appearance won the love and esteem of the men and officers of Company C and are always referred to as part of our command. On the 26th of November the following order was received : "All troops stationed at Center, Alabama, will be withdrawn, with the exception of twenty enlisted men, in charge of a Lieuten- ant, and two mounted men of Company G, 12th Iowa, to act as couriers. Captain Reed with the remainder of the troops will i 19 rc])ort at Jacksonville at once to command Post of Blue Moun- tain." Leavino- the twenty men under Lieutenant Henderson in cliarqe at Center. Captain Reed reported at Jacksonville on the 2gth and assumed command of the post which embraced the counties of Calhoun, Cherokee and Randolph, with headquarters at Jacksonville, and orarrisoned by three companies, C. E. and F. The company remained in service at the two points until December 24th, when orders were received to withdraw all the troops, abandon to civil authority all the country embraced within these counties and report to General Cheatlain at Talladcgj^a. The company rejoined the regiment and on Christmas day started for Memphis v.'here we arrived Januarv 2, 1866. Com- pany C went into quarters as Provost guard at the corner of Madison and 2nd Street where it remained until January 20th, when it was mustered out and ordered home. Skctclies of personal histories of Company Officers, as far as they can be obtained, are as follows : WiLi.iAM Wallace Warnkr, first Captain of Company C, was born in Wadsworth. Medina County, Ohio, February g, 1836, where he lived with his parents until he was twelve years old, when the possibilities of the great west attracted his parents to Iowa, then quite the limit of civilization. His boyhood presented the characteristics usual to the Amer- ican youth ; attending school during the winter and assisting with the farm work during his vacation. Not only did he per- form manual labor, but also became thoroughly acquainted with his father's business and shared all the responsibilities attendant upon life in a new country When he was about nineteen years old he began to appreciate the worth of a thorough education, and resolved to make the acquirement of an education the chief aim of his life. Iowa had not, at that time, developed her system of public schools and colleges, and he returned to his native state and entered the Methodist University at Berea, Ohio. Being the only son, and realizing that he was much needed at home he re- 20 turned a^fter an absence of one school year. The following winter the Upper Iowa University, at Fayette, was ready for stvi- dents and he became a member of that school, but his college course was interrupted by frecjuent vacations when extra farm work called him home, or when obliged to teach in order to provide funds necessary to continue his college course. He had just entered his senior year when his country demanded his services and to him the call of his country was the call of duty. He informed his family of his decision and although he was an only son and brother, his parents and sisters sympathized and aided him in all his plans, and when some one pitied the loyal mother because she was called to part thus with her only son, she replied with true Spartan courage, "I pity the mother whose sons are not willing to make the sacrifice and I would that I had a dozen such sons that I might give them all to their country." On the 15th of September, 1861, W. W. Warner's name, to- gether with a number of other students, was signed to the muster roll. He and his classmate, D. B. Henderson, at once com- menced holding meetings at Clermont, Elgin and other places, seeking recruits for the company. So successful were they that on the 25th the company was declared full. At the election of officers, Warner was unanimously elected Captain of the Company and received orders to place his com- pany in quarters and commence regular drills. The company was ordered to Dubuque and on the 24th of October was mustered into the United States service as Company C, 1 2th Iowa Infantry. While in camp at Benton Barracks, Missouri, January, 1862, Captain Warner was/ taken sick and grew rapidly worse until it was evident that a change of climate and diet must be had and he was sent home on sick leave and rejoined his company at Fort Donelson about March ist. He was in command of his company at Shiloh and was, with them taken prisoner. Extracts from an account of Warner's prison life written by his sister, Mrs. M. A. Loomis, are as fol- 21 lows : "The men had been fighting all day and had scacely tasted food. Their captors took them to a corn field not far away where they stood all night in a drenching rain. The next day they were marched to Corinth and loaded into box cars and sent to Memphis, where they were quartered in a warehouse and furnished the first food the enemy had provided. At Talladega the ofificers were confined in the college building and succeeded in picking the lock and gaining admission to the college library from which books were secured that furnished them with mental food, almost necessary to their existence, and served to divert their minds from their sufiferings and from the pangs of hunger. From one of their prisons Captains Earle and Warner attempted to escaoe. They procured citizen's clothing, passed through a scuttle to the roof; Icl themselves down to an adjoining building and made their way some distance along connecting roofs until they found a wav to the ground ; they walked thirteen miles, then took the cars, telling the conductor that they were Confederate soldiers returning to their regiments from sick leave. They had rode some distance, and had become confident that they were to suc- ceed when a Rebel officer, who had been connected with the I)rison guard, came into the car and recognized Captain Earle by his flowing beard and had them arrested at once and returned to prison. Soon after, with thirteen others, they planned another escape and worked incessantly day after day on a tunnel which passed under the guard line and to a fence surrounding the l)rison. The tunnel was at last completed and arrangements made for leaving the prison. Captain Warner was to go first and was to remove a board from the fence and pass out. He at- tempted to pull the board ofif when a nail squawked ; the guard heard it and the plot was discovered, an alarm raised, the old cellar searched and the whole party arrested and confined in a small, negro ])rison, twenty-one days with just enough food to sustain life. The air was so foul, the place so cramped that when they were finally removed from the dreadful den, some of them could not walk but were obliged to crawl out on their hands and knees. 22 On the 13th of October. 1862, the officers were paroled. Captain Warner had been home bnt a few days when he learned that his men were in St. Lonis withont money or clothing; many of them not able to procure writing^ material for letters to their home. He at once went to their relief and succeeded in procuring pay and clothing for them. While before Vicksburg he was wounded in the arm and was urged to procure leave of absence and endeavor to recruit his health which had not been good since his experience in prison. While in the field near Vicksburg he wrote: May 21st, "I have not undressed this month, and have not washed my face and hands but twice in a week. T have heard men ofifer 25 cents for a canteen of water, at that rate water is too expensive for face washing." Early in October he succeeded in obtaining a short furlough hoping to recover his health but there was little time for improvement. His parents and sisters saw that fearful inroads had been made on his constitution and urged him to resign or at least ask an extension of his leave but he put aside all personal considerations and returned to his regiment, but was soon obliged to go to hospital at Memphis, Tenn., where he died. December 12, 1863. After many weary delays his father reached Mem])his to learn that twenty-four hours before his arrival death had taken his onlv son. Lieutenant Reed accompanied the stricken father to the desolate home and Captain Warner wa!«. laid to rest at Clermont, awaiting the glad time when wars shall have ceased and the Prince of Peace shall have come to reign and shall give a truer crown than anv wreath that man can wear. Gkorge W. Cook, second Captain of Company C, was a native of Ohio, born in 1838. He was a member of the senior class in Upper Iowa University, a member of the University Re- cruits and as such entered the service September 15, 1861. Upon the organization of the company he was elected ist Sergeant; was present with his company at Ft. Donelson ; was wounded and taken prisoner at Shiloh ; exchanged November 10, 1862. While 23 in prison he was commissioned 2d Lieutenant, vice Smith resigned, and in February, 1863, was commissioned ist Lieutenant, vice Llenderson, chscharged for wounds. He was present with his company during the X^icksburg campaign, and upon the death of Captain Warner was commissioned Captain December 14, 1863. He commandedi his company from that time, inchuHng Battle of Tupelo, until December i, 1864, when he mustered out at Nash- ville, Tenn., on expiration of original term of enlistment. He returned to his home in Clayton County, Iowa, and was soon after elected County Superintendent of Schools and held that ofifice several years and then removed to Medicine Lodge, Kansas. David W. Reed, third Captain of Company C, was born in Cortland. N. Y., April 2, 1841, removed to Iowa in 1855, enlisted in University Recruits September 15, 1861, was wounded and left on the field at Shiloh. Elected 2d Lieutenant April i, 1863; 1st Lieutenant December 14, 1863; Captain January 25, 1865; Major by brevet April 9, 1865, and Major of Regiment Novem- ber 21, 1865. He served as Acting Adjutant of the Regiment during the year 1864 including the battles of Tupelo and Nash- ville, and as Acting Major at Spanish Fort. Served on Court Martial at Selma, Ala., from May 29, 1865, to July 6, 1865, when he was appointed on General L. F. Hubbard's staff as inspecter of 2d Brigade McArthur's Division, and served as such until the muster out of Hubbard's Brigade September 7, 1865. He com- manded Garrison at Center, Ala., and Post of Blue Mountain, until December 24, 1865, and was mustered out with his regi- ment January 20, 1866. William L. Henderson, fourth Captain of Company C, was born in Old Deer, Aberdeen Shire, Scotland, March 28, 1833 ; came to America in 1846 and located in Iowa in 1849. He mar- ried Clara J. Durno, March 2'j , 1856; enlisted in Company C, September 22, 1861 ; was present with his company at Fort Donelson ; a member of t'he Union Brigade during siege of 24 Corinth and Battle of Corinth October 3 and 4, 1862 ; was pro- moted I St Serg-eant April i, 1863. and as such served at Jack- son, Miss., Siege of Vicksbiirg, Siege of Jackson, Brandon, Tupelo, Miss., and at Nashville, Tenn., where he commanded the company and soon after received deserved promotion as ist Lieutenant, in which capacity he commanded the company most of the time until mustered out January 20, 1866. He was com- missioned Captain Company C, November 22, 1865, but owing to rediuced numbers was not allowed to muster in. Upon his discharge from the service he returned to his farm, but, finding his health impaired he removed to LeRoy, Minn., and engaged in business. In 1896 failing health compelled him to relinquish business and seek a change of climate ; first in Mich- igan then in California. Obtaining no relief he returned to Iowa where he died at the home of his son in Riceville, Iowa, June 19, 1897. He leaves a wife, two sons: T. Judson and Frank L. and two daughters, Mrs. C. J. Ramsey and Mrs. S. R. Johnson. His funeral and burial at Postville, Iowa, was attended by several members of Company C, who draped his casket with "Our Flag" and bore it to the grave. Resolutions published by the Loyal Legion of Iowa, of which he was a member, truly says: "No better soldier ever fought under his country's flag. Brave without rashness, he shrank from no danger or hardship, but obeyed the orders of his superiors without a question and was never known to complain at his lot, or seek to evade a distasteful duty. As an officer he was kind, faithful and true; greatly loved by his men, an(\ re- spected by his associates. Subordinate himself, he expected his men to be the same, and never found it necessary to argue the question of obedience. With him it was : 'Boys we arc detailed for duty ; fall in.' And with that discussion ended. No purer man as soldier and citizen has ever lived. His con- duct and conversation were always above reproach. No one ever heard him utter a profane or impure word or indulge in language 25 that might not have been used in the presence of his wife and dauohters. In all the vexations of over four years of hard campaigns these most closely associated with him have no re- membrance of impulsive or hasty words from him which could cause regret or which they would wish to have recalled. Judg- ing by these fruits we are persuaded that he has received the re- ward promised to the pure in heart, and we shall ever hold enshrined in our memories the record of his life, as that of one in every way worthy of imitation, and his example as one that mav be safelv followed." David Bremner Henderson, ist Lieutenant Company C, was born at Old Deer, Scotland, March 14, 1840; came with his parents to Illinois in 1846 and to Iowa in 1849; settled on a farm on "Henderson Prairie," Fayette County. On this farm he grew to manhood and having completed the common school course entered the Upper Iowa University where he helped to organize the "University Recruits" and with that company was mustered into the United States service October 24, 1861, as ist Lieutenant Company C, 12th Iowa. He commanded his company at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson until February 15. 1862, when he re- ceived severe wounds in chin and throat and shoulder and was carried from the field. On his return to duty he arrived on the field of Shiloh during the battle of the 6th but was unable to find his command. On the 7th he organized the remnant of 12th Iowa into a company and reported, with the company, for duty to Colonel Tuttle and with that command did good service. As commander of a company in the "Union Brigade" he served through the campaign of Siege of Corinth. As Adjutant of that organization he was engaged in Battle of Corinth October 3 and 4, 1862, receiving on the 4th a wound in the foot which com- pelled amputation. He resigned his commission as Lieutenant Company C, March 23, 1863. His farewell letter to the company is published in connection with company history. In May, 1863, he was appointed commissioner of the Board 26 of Enrollment of the Third District of Iowa, serving as such until June, 1864, when he re-entered the service as Colonel of the 46th Iowa Infantry and served as such until mustered out. He was Collector of Internal Revenue of the 3d District of Iowa from November, 1865, until June, 1869, when he resigned and became a member of the law firm of Shiras, VanDuzer & Hen- derson at Dubuque, Iowa ; was Asst. U. S. District Attorney for the Northern District of Iowa about two years, resigning in 187T ; was elected to the 48th Congress and served his constitu- ents so acceptably that he has been returned to each succeeding Congress and has never had an opponent in convention. He was permanent Chairman of Iowa Republican State Convention in 1886 and 1888, and delegate at large to the National Republican Conventions of 1888 and 1896, being on both occasions Chair- man of the Iowa Delegation. In 1880 he was Chairman of the lUaine Committee composed of one member from each State of the Union. He was elected Speaker of the 56th Congress ; re- elected in the 57th to this exalted position, second only in influence and importance to the President of the United States. Standing thus, in i)ublic life, among the foremost men of the Nation, he is in private life most genial and companionable ; strongly attached to his friends, and faithful to every obligation. He is an orator of remarkable power, possessing a strong sympathetic voice and great personal magnetism. In Congress he has always been the champion of the old soldier whenever they have needed a de- fender, and his comrades everywhere have long since learned that they have no truer friend than he. His unvarying success in public life has been phenomenal, but all his honors have been well earned and he wears them verv graccfullv. Henry J. Grannis, ist Lieutenant Company C, was a native of Indiana, born in 1841. He was one of the original members of the "University Recruits" and enlisted in U. S. service Sep- tember 15, 1861. He was elected 5th Sergeant and "Color Bearer" of the company by the ladies of the University upon 27 presentin^s: a flag to the company and upon the or^g^anization of the regiment when his company became Color Company. Grannis was designated as Regimental Color Bearer which posi- tion he held "throii^(^h the war." He carried the colors of the regiment at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson and Shiloh and was taken prisoner on that field, remaining prisoner until Octolier. On the reorganization of the regiment he resumed his old position and carried the flag on every march in every campaign and during every battle in which the regiment was engaged from enlistment to muster out ; a record we venture to say made by no other Color Bearer in the service. In several engagements the colors were riddled in his hands. On one occasion every guard was killed or wounded, yet strange to say Grannis never received a scratch nor suiTered the flag to go from his hands. That it was always at the front and carried with the greatest gallantry every ofiicial report from the regiment testifies for every one of them makes special mention of "Our Gallant Color Bearer." He received a merited promotion as ist Lieutenant Company C, November 22, 1865. vice Henderson promoted, but failed to muster in as a commissioned officer and retained the more con- spicious and honorable place as Color Bearer to the end. Some interesting items are published in "Company History of the Flag," in regard to his election, etc. He was finally discharged with the regiment January 20, '66; returned to Fayette County, settled down to private life which has been undisturbed except by one term in public office as Recorder of Deeds of Fayette 'County. It has been his good fortune to meet the boys of the 12th at each of their reunions until 1903, where he has always been received with the greatest enthusiasm and love. Aaron M. Smith, 2d Lieutenant Company C, was a native of Indiana and a member of Company B, ist Iowa Infantry. He was severely wounded at Wilson's Creek and before wound healed came home and enlisted, September 19, 1861, in Company 28 C. At the organization of said company he was elected 2d Lieutenant. He was in command of the company at Fort Donel- son after Lt. Henderson was wounded. At time of Battle of Shiloh he was sick in camp, and escaped the prison life. His health being poor he resigned his commis- sion Jnne 7, 1862, and went home. About the time of the re- organization of the regiment at St. Louis he re-enlisted as a private in Company C, and served as such until March, 1864, when he was appointed Captain in the 71st U. S. Colored In- fantry with which he served until the end of the war when he married and settled at South Bend, Indiana, where he died Jan- uary I, 1883. y P RD-94 ^. c°Vi;^.>. ./\-a;"' '^^ r ... .C.*P- ^\r ^/>V •^^^V 'v/^^' MAP OF SH11-0H BATTLEF1EL0 POSIT ON^ ON SECOND DAY APRIL7,I862 PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR BY THE SURVEYED AND DRAWN BY ATWELL THOMPSON BE. LNqiNEEB IN CHAPQE UNION ARMY EOERATE ARMY ^£AO(;uARTEflS-- .A. CAMPS _^ -i^g^^a, CONfEl ijr, ^ BATTLE. LINES LOCATED BY MAJOR D.W.REED SECRETARY ■"•><, H ISTORIAN t I LIBRARY OF CONGRESS