AMERICAN PRINTING HOUSE William Penn Born in London, October 14, 1(144. Laid the foundation of Universal Liberty, A. D. 1682, in the privileges he then accorded the Emigrants to Pennsylvania, and thus enabled their De- scendants to make this Colony the Key- stone State of the Federal Union in 1789. Tablet in Independence Hall. Any Government is Free, whatever lie the Form, when the Laws Rule and the People are a Party to those Laws, and more than this is Tyranny, Oligarchy ami Confusion. Penn's frame of Government. Tablet in Independence Hall. FROM THE STATUE TO BE PLACED ON THE DOME OF THE PUBLIC BUILDINGS c a and Popular Philadelphians Illustrated with many Views and Portraits -W^^ Copyrighted 1891 The North American Philadelphia, 1891 Col. Clayton McMichael and Proprietor of The North Ai PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA NS. PREFACE. THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA must alway-s be an object of particular and inexhaustible interest to the student of American institu- tions. Peculiar in its origin and initial institutions, a city which was made and did not spring spontane- pa*- ouslv from the concurrence of circumstances and sur- roundings, it yet took its place at a very early day as the focus of American tendencies and aspirations, and became the center and birthplace of the United States as an independent commonwealth. In the military and in the political history of this nation, Philadelphia occupies the foremost place. ...... It was founded as an asylum of peace and the home of pacific industry, but it became not only the sport and prey of contending armies, but the arsenal jf the war-making power of the continent during seven years of eager and uctuatiug contest. ........ he greatest of deliberations were carried forward to national conclusions within i venerated walls, and from it as a center were derived those impulses to sublime tion which attain even grander proportions as the}' recede in the vista of time. ;re, too, American industry was first fostered in a peculiar national and American way, until a continental policy grew out of local practice and the successes which attended local experiment. In many respects of constitution, institutions, municipal rule and law, construc- tion, manners and customs, it is dissimilar from other cities, and possesses a physiognomy all its own. {See History of Philadelphia, 1 609-1 88 4) .......... Important and interesting as the past history oi the city is, not less important and influential is its position to-day as one of the great financial, industrial, and commercial centers of the nation. .... Philadelphia, the greatest manufacturing center of the United States, in the past decade has maintained a steady growth in population, increase of wealth, extension of industrial pursuits, enlarged its railroad facilities and extended its commerce. ........... In Medical Schools and Colleges it stands preeminent; in general educational and charitable institutions, in science, art and literature, and in whatever contributes to the comfort of its people, it is not surpassed by any other city. ............. Its Public Buildings, Churches, Banking Houses, Business Establishments and Residences vie with those of any city on the continent, in extent, architectural design, elegance and comfort. .... \\ nile there have been no phenomenal developments, its progress has been healthful and m keeping will] the conservative habits of the people. .......... Many changes and developments have been made in all departments of manufacture and business life, due to the invention and application of improved machinery, and to the development of electricity as the most wonderful agent of the age. ........... To review in a concise way the general and individual interests of the city, to publish biographical sketches of the men who conduct the vast interests of the city so creditably and prosperously, and to illustrate the same in an artistic way, as well as to exhibit the achievements of our architects and builders with numerous engravings of their work, are some of the objects of this book. ....... In the biographical sketches of the business and professional men who lead in the aflaiis of the day, who, by their energy and force of character have attained success and contribute to the wealth and general prosperity of the community, it is intended to present a better knowledge of the methods and conditions of life under which they have achieved such results, not only as a matter of record due to them, but as a matter of example and study for those upon whom the future progress and welfare must depend. ..... In respect of letter-press, engraving of portraits and general illustrations, it lias been the intention of the publishers to make the mechanical execution of the work of the highest character obtainable in Philadelphia, and to this end they have spared no expense or effort. ........ PHILADELPHIA AMD, POPULAR PHILADKI.PIIIAMS. CITY GOVERNMENT AND DEPARTMENTS. T- HE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, by the Consolidation Act" of February 2d, 1854, incorporated under its title all of the various municipal corporations then existing in the county, which was continued as one of the counties of the commonwealth. ....... The executive, administrative and legislative powers of the city are vested in the Mayor, Executive Departments, and the Select and Common Councils. ..... The Select Council consists of one member from each ward, whose term of office is for three years. ....... The Common Council consists of one member for each two thousand of the taxable inhabitants from each ward of the city, who serve for two years. The Mayor nominates and by and with the advice and consent of the Select Council appoints the following officers, who hold office during the term for which the appointing Mayor was elected, and until their successors shall be respectively qualified :....... I. The Director of the Department of Public Safety. ..... II. The Director of the Department of Public Works. . III. The President and Directors of the Department of Charities and Correc- tion. Term of office five years. ......... The directors or chief officers of departments appoint all subordinate officers and clerks, subject to approval of Select Council. ...... Councils provide by ordinance for such bureaus, clerks or other subordinate officers as may be required for the transaction of the business of the departments. ........... For the purpose of supervising the operations of the different departments, and of assisting Councils in the consideration of subjects brought before them relating to the interests of the corporation, the following joint standing committees are appointed by the respective presidents annually on the organization of the Councils : Finance, Water, Highways, Surveys, Schools, Police and Prisons, City Property, Charities and Correction, Railroads, Fire and Health, Daw, Election Divisions, to Verify Cash Accounts City Treasurer, Gas, Electrical, Municipal Government, Boiler Inspection, to Compare Bills, Printing and Supplies, Commerce and Navigation, Fairmount Park ; to consist of twelve members from each body. ........ ;Vr£L. The Mayor Is elected in February. Term, four years. Expires first Monday in April. Department of Public Safety. Director. Appointed by the Mayor. Bureaus under charge of this Department—Police, Fire, Electrical, Health, Building Inspectors, Boiler Inspectors, City Property, Fire Escapes. Department of Public Works. Director. Appointed by the Mayor. In charge of Ice Boats, Bureaus of Gas, Highways, Lighting, Surveys, Street Cleaning and Water. Department of Receive > of Taxes. Department of City Treasurer. Treasurer elected in November. Term, three years. Expires first Monday in Jan. Department of City Controller. City Controller elected in November. Term, three years. Expires in January. Department of Law. City Solicitor elected in February. Term, three years. Expires first Monday in April. District Attorney. Elected in November. Term, three years. Expires first Monday in January. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS. Department of Education. The Board of Education has thirty-four members, one from each Ward, appointed for three years by the Court of Common Pleas. Department of Charities and Correction. Five Directors. Appointed by the Mayor. Bureau of Charities. Bureau of Correction. Department of Sinking Fund Commissioner r. Three members— The Mayor, the City Controller, and one elected by Councils. ( 'ity 1 bmmissioner r. Elected bv the people for three years. Two by the majority party and one by the minority. Recorder of Deeds. Elected in November for three years. Term expires January. Sheriff. Elected in November for three years. Term expires December 31. Register of Wills. Elected in November for three years. Term expires January. Coroner. Elected in November for three years. Term expires January. Clerk Quarter Sessions. Elected in November for three years. Term expires in January. Board of City Trusts. Board of Directors of City Trusts created by Act of Assembly, June 30, 1869. Twelve members appointed by Court of Common Pleas ; ex-officio members, the Mayor, and Presidents of Coun- ts. Port Warde The Board consists of nineteen members, sixteen of whom are chosen by Councils, one by Ches- ter, one by Bristol, and the Master Warden who is appointed by the Governor. Park Commission. In charge of Fairmount and Hunting I'arks. Twelve Commissioners appointed by the Court of Common Pleas ; ex officio members, the Mavor, Presidents of Councils, Chief of Water Bureau, Chief of Survey Bureau. Public Building Cotnn, The Board of Public Building Commissioners, thirteen in number, have charge of building the City Hall. Commission created by Act of Assembly, August 5, 1S70. Board fills vacancies Appointed jointlv bv AuditorGeueral of Pennsyl- vania and City'Treasurer, for three years from November. Five members. ■'! Inspectors. Nine Inspectors. Appointed by Court of Common PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHLAMS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. EDWIN SYDNEY STUART Now Mayor of the City of Philadelphia, was born in this city in the year before the consolidation, December 2Sth, 1853. He is of Scotch-Irish ancestry, which has produced many of our ablest and most enterprising men. His scholastic education was obtained in the public schools of the city, but after having passed through the various divisions of the Southwest Grammar School he left, and at the age of fourteen began the battle of life. Noticing an advertise- ment that a boy was wanted in Leary's old book store, then located at Fifth and Walnut streets, he made application for the place and obtained it, thereb}' getting hold of the bottom round of the busi- ness ladder on which he has climbed to fortune. Nine years after he entered this store as bov-of-all-work he was its owner by pur- chase from the Executor of the deceased proprietor. Shortly after- ward he removed the stock and business to the building on Ninth street, opposite the Post-office, now occupied by him, where, by assiduous attention to business, he built up a trade that rendered successive enlargement of the premises necessary, until now it is the largest establishment of the kind in the United States. Mr. Stuart's advent into the political arena dates from 1880, when he took a promi- nent part in the organization of the Young Republican Club, and was elected its Treasurer. Two years sub- sequently he was elected its President, and he has been annually re-elected to the Presidency ever since. Be- sides being President of the Young Republicans, he was elected President of the Penn- sylvania State League of Re- publican Clubs by an unani- mous vote of the Convention , and after serving one term in that capacity, during which his organizing ability and political tact aided the work of club labor materially, he was unanimously re-elected for another term at the Con- vention held in Pittsburgh. In 1884 he was an Elector on the Blaine ticket, and enjoys the distinction of having re- ceived the largest majority of votes cast for any Blaine Elector of any State of the Union. He has served as a delegate to many State and City conventions, and in 1888 was the delegate from the First Congressional district to the National Convention which nominated Gen. Har- rison for the Presidency, and served as Chief Marshal of the Pennsylvania Division at his in- auguration, carrying with him on that occasion a gold mounted ebon}- baton presented to him by the Young Republicans, and which lie now highly prizes as a souvenir. In the winter of 1886 he was nominated by the Republicans of the Twenty-sixth Ward as their candidate for representative in Select Council, and in the following February he was elected by the largest majority ever cast for a councilmanic candidate in the Ward. His course in Councils was so eminently wise and discreet, combining conservatism with progressiveuess, that he was not only re-elected in 18S9 without opposition from the Democrats, but his popularity was so wide-spread among all classes, irrespective of party, as to indicate that he was the choice of the people as their Chief Magistrate. In the fall of 1S90 when the subject of a choice of a candidate for the Mayoralty was being agitated, a widely circu- lated journal offered a handsome prize to the man receiving the most votes, and the result demonstrated that Mr. Stuart was so largely the popular favorite that little remained for the nominating convention to do but select him as their standard bearer, and in the following February he was elected by a larger majority than was ever before given a Mayoralty candidate in Philadelphia. On April 1st he was inaugurated with imposing ceremony, and now the errand boy of 1867 is the Mayor of the City of Philadelphia, and the youngest man ever elected to that office. His course in the short time he has occupied the chair of Chief Magistrate is such as to justify the prediction made for him by Col. Lambert in the nominating convention, when he said: "He has done much to honor the men, its founders, who yet live among us, and he reveres the memories of those who have gone — he has shown that the newer generation, of which he is so noble a type, is not un worth v the sacrifices the older made. In every position he has occupied he has shown himself capable, and his faithful discharge of all duties, public and private, is an earnest of his conduct in the higher station to which we purpose calling him." " On the sunny side of forty he has had wider experience of affairs than most men greatly his senior. Vigorous in health, broad-minded, clean-handed, clear-sighted, stout-hearted, he is well equipped for the grave responsibility of the Chief Executive of this great city. Alive to the wants of a municipality, whose people demand of their servants a policy in keeping with the enlightened spirit of the new decade, he will bring to the office of Mayor the aid of a progressive char- acter, and of unquestioned integrity and ability. * * * " Fully sympa- thizing with all rightful de- mands for progress, his ad- ministration will be just and liberal, and will rank with the ablest and best of his pre- decessors. He will be found responsible to the claims that the great corporation shall be administered in the interest of the whole people, determined that whatever executive ability, conscien- tious performance of duty can do, shall be done to keep this city of homes in line with the foremost municipal progress. ' ' GEORGE DEARDORFF McCREARY Edwin Sydney Stuart City and County Treas- urer-elect, was born at York Springs Village, Adams county, Pa., September 2S, 1846. Two years subse- quently his parents moved to Schuylkill county where his father became an extensive coal miner and accumulated a large fortune. His early education was obtained in the schools of Tremont, Tama- qua, and Mauch Chunk, but at the age of fifteen he was sent to Saunders' Military Institute, and in 1S64 he became a student in the University of Pennsylvania, where he remained until 1867. He then entered the employ of the Honeybrook Coal Company, of which his father was president, and in 1870 became a member of the firm of Whitney, McCreary & Kemuierer, coal miners and shippers. In 1S79 he dis- posed of his interest in the business and devoted himself to the administration of his father's estate. As its representative he be- came a director in the Upper Lehigh Coal Company, the Nescopec Coal Company, the Pioneer Mining and Manufacturing Company of Alabama, the Lochiel Furnace Company, and the Philadelphia Mortgage and Trust Company. In 1887 he organized the Market Street National Bank and became its first Vice-President. Mr. McCreary 's claims to distinction, however, do not rest alone upon the business ability he has manifested, but upon his prominence in social reforms and active sympathy with humani- tarian movements to benefit his fellow men. He is President of the Pennsylvania Humane Society, organized to encourage by suitable rewards, acts of heroism, courage and charity ; Vice-President of the Sanitarium Association of Philadelphia, and the Franklin Reformatory Home ; Director of the Sheltering Arms, Treasurer of the Philadelphia Sketch Club, and Trustee of the Sunday Morning Breakfast Association. PHILADELPHIA AMD POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. In politics he has been an Independent with Republican inclin- ations. He has persistently refused several places of honor and profit, and very reluctantly consented to accept the nomination of County Treasurer, to which he was recently elected by a hand- some majority over William Redwood Wright. WILLIAM G. SHIELDS When the office of Director of Public Safety became vacant by the resignation of its incumbent Mayor Stuart tendered the ap- pointment to Mr. Beitler, and he was confirmed by Select Council October I, 1891. He is now at the head of the Bureau of Police, of Fire, of Health, City Property and other important bureaus, and, notwithstanding his inexperience in official life, it is to be hoped he will be able to discharge its duties with advantage to the city and credit to himself. Register of Wills-elect, was born in Germautown, Philadel- phiajuue 12, 1846. After graduating from the Rittenhouse Grammar School he entered the employ of a florist, where he remained until December 1, 1870, when he was appointed to the position of Trans- cribing Clerk in the Register of Wills office by W. M. Bunn, and was retained by his successors until 1880, when W. Marshall Taylor, who had been elected Register, appointed him Deputy Register, a position that he has continued to hold through three administrations to the present time. During the twenty-one years that he has been con- nected with the office of Register he has been brought into contact with a very large number of citizens, and has impressed every one with the conviction that he is a man who knows his duty and faithfully and courteously performs it. On June 30, 18SS, the patrons of the office, including the leading attor- neys and officials of the finan- cial institutions of Philadel- phia, showed their apprecia- tion of him by presenting him with a valuable chrono- meter watch and chain ; and when his name was men- tioned as a suitable person to fill the office of Register three hundred lawyers and business men, without his solicitation and during his absence from the city, united in a strong testimonial recommending his nomination and certify- ing that : "In recommend- ing Mr. Shields for this posi- tion of honor and trust, we feel that, owing to his sturdy integrity and fidelity to duty, his courteous manners and obliging disposition, and his thorough knowledge of all the details connected with the office, he would make a most efficient Register of Wills, and be an especially available candidate, particu- larly at this time, and one whom every good citizen could consist- ently support." In accordance with the popular wish he was nominated by the Republican party, and at the election held in November, 1891, received a majority of 27,182 over his Democratic competitor, and 6,36s more than his associate on the same ticket for County Treasurer. ABRAHAM M. BEITLER Recently appointed Director of Public Safety, was born in Philadelphia July 8, 1S53. His education was obtained in the pub- lic schools of his native city, and after graduating from the Central High School he entered the office of C. Stuart Patterson, Esq., as a student of law, from which he was admitted to the bar in January, 1875. Three years subsequently he was appointed Third Assistant in the City Solicitor's office, from which he was promoted to be First Assistant, a position he held at the time of his appointment as Director. His principal professional triumph was his argument before the Supreme Court in regard to the right of the city to com- pel passenger railways to repave the streets on which their tracks are laid with improved pavements, securing a decision in its favor. JAMES HAMILTON W1NDRIM Now Director of Public Works, was born in Philadelphia, July 4, 1840, of Scotch-Irish parentage. He was admitted to Girard College when nearly ten years of age and remained in that institu- tion until 1856, when he was indentured to John W. Torrey to learn the profession of an architect. Mr. Torrev arranged for his admission into the office of John Notman, architect, but failing health necessitated a change to an out-door employment, and Mr. Windrim removed to West Chester, where he worked at the carpenter's trade with Thomas Bateman. After a protracted engage- ment he returned to the city and resumed his connection with Mr. Notman as carpen- ter and draughtsman, which continued until after the completion of the Holy Trin- ity Protestant Episcopal Church built by him. Mr. Windrim was then selected by the late Hon. John Welsh as superintend- ent of works during the erec- tion of the Hospital of the Pro- testant Episcopal Church, of which the late Samuel Sloan was architect. Shortly after opening an office in the city he was tendered an engage- ment by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company in connec- tion with the building of the Union Depot in Pittsburgh. Returning to Philadel- phia after four years he again opened an office and his first engagement was with the late John Rice, builder, as the architect of Jay Cooke's famous mansion, Ogontz, fol- lowed by the original build- ing of the Fidelity Trust Company, the Fourth street offices of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, the Ma- sonic Temple. Mr. Windrim's great masterpiece ; National Bank of Northern Liberties, Trades- men's National Bank, and many handsome residences of promi- nent citizens. He planned and' built the bank and office building of the National Safe Deposit Company and the Fleming office building at Washington, D. C, also the new building of the West- ern Saving Fund Society at Tenth and Walnut streets, this city. He was also architect for a 175,000 Masonic Temple in Al- toona. In 1S71, the Board of City Trusts, realizing the necessity of having an architect to continually look after the interests of the estate in its extensive real estate affairs, recognized in Mr. Windrim the proper man, and he was engaged by them as the architect for " The Girard Estate." For this Board he designed and superin- tended from time to time the erection of the new buildings for the Girard College, which gave the institution a capacity to accommo- date 1600 pupils. In 1889, upon the recommendation of Postmas- ter-General Wanamaker, Mr. Windrim was appointed by the late Secretary of the Treasury, Supervising Architect of the United States, a' position that he held when Mayor Stuart tendered him the appointment as Director of Public Works, and he now has charge of the Bureaus of Gas, Highways, Lighting, Surveys, Street Cleaning and Water of the City of Philadelphia. James Hamilton Windrim PHILADELPHIA AMD POPULAR PH1LADELPHIANS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. GEORGE SCOTT GRAHAM George S. Graham, the present efficient District Attorney of the countv of Philadelphia, was, at the time of his first election to that office, the youngest man ever chosen for that position. As Ins name implies, he is of Scotch-Irish descent. His father, James Graham, was a native of Ireland, but in early life came to this country and at one time was engaged in business as a carpet manu- facturer, and later was a prominent grocer. His mother was Sarah J. Scott, the daughter of a well-to-do farmer of county Derry, Ireland, and was a woman of superior character. Mr. Graham was born in Philadelphia September 13, 1850, and received his early education at the Jefferson Grammar School, on Fifth street above Poplar. Later he continued his studies under the care and direction of his brother Robert, then attending the University of Pennsylvania and now a pastor in the Presbyterian Church. Be- tween the ages of seventeen and eighteen he entered the office of George W. Dedricks, Esq., and began the study of law. He sub- sequently registered as a student under his present partner, John Roberts, Esq., and after having taken a course in the Law Depart- ment of the University of Penn- sylvania, he was admitted to the bar in 1S70. He soon gained an honorable recognition on the part of the public and won for himself a desirable clientage. The political field was his next step, and having a marked talent as a speaker his services were in demand upon the stump. He forged at once to the front, and uniting with the Independent Republican element in his ward, he was nominated for Select Council, an office he succeeded in reaching after a bitterly contested struggle, in which the old ring element was worsted. His accom- plishments as a speaker and de- bater soon made him a power in that branch of the city govern- ment. He rose rapidly into no- tice and was made Chairman of the Committee on Law and a member of the Finance Commit- tee. In 1877 the independent and younger element of his party urged him for the nomination of District Attorney, but so great was the factional feeling in the convention that a compromise candidate was selected. The com- promise did not heal the breach, and a Democrat was elected to the office. In 1S80 the factional spirit having in a great measure disappeared, he became the unan- imous choice of his party for the District Attorneyship, and was elected to that office by a large majority. From that time to this he has held the office without interruption, and by reason of his faithful discharge of the duties of the position he has been twice made the joint nominee of the Republican and Democratic parties for re-election. At the last contest he was opposed by a strong Democrat, whom he defeated by ail overwhelming majority. Mr. Graham was married Decem- ber 20, 1S70, to Miss Emma M. Ellis, a daughter of Chas. Ellis, and they have two children living. He is an elder in the Presbyterian Church at Broad and Oxford streets and is Superintendent of the Sunday School. He is a prominent member of the Masonic Fra- ternity, having been an officer in the Grand Lodge of the State for several years, as well as in Corinthian Royal Arch Chapter, No. 20, and is a Past Grand Commander of Knights Templar of Pennsyl- vania. He is a member of the Union League, the Five O'clock Club and other social and political organizations. Iu February of 1889 Lafayette College, at Easton, conferred on him the honorary degree of Doctor of Law. He is also Professor of Criminal Law and Procedure in the University of Pennsylvania. "Affectionate and generous as a husband and father, warm and loyal in his friendships, he is beloved by all those who know him well, and is in the fullest acceptation of the term aChristian gentleman." JOHN LIPP1NCOTT KINSEY Now First Assistant District Attorney, was born August 29, 1S46, in Philadelphia, where his father, William Kinsey, was a well- known leather merchant. Though not a college graduate he received a liberal education in select seminaries and attained considerable proficiency under private tutors in the acquisition of the Latin and Greek languages. Having determined to adopt the law as his profession, he was registered as a student in the office of Albert S. Letchworth, Esq., and admitted to the bar October, 1872. The inclination of his mind was towards equity law and the niceties of pleading, and during his earl}- career at the bar he seldom appeared in a criminal court except in a few noted homicide cases. When Mr. Graham became prosecutor of the pleas he invited Mr. Kinsey to be his third assistant, haying in charge especially the drawing of indictments, which in many instances demands great care, skill and accuracy. It is the favorite tactics of counsel for the defense in criminal cases to attack the bill of indictment and a flaw in the indictment has often resulted in the discharge of notori- ous offenders. Mr. Kinsey ac- cepted the invitation and dis- charged the duties of the office so faithfully and well that he has since been promoted to be First Assistant District Attorney-. Mr. Kinsey was a Republican before he was of age and has represented the party in many- city and county conventions. In 1SS2 he was its nominee for Reg- ister of Wills, but through politi- cal combinations and the action of the Committee of One Hun- dred, he failed of election, though the majority of his opponent was only 576. He has also taken great interest in the public schools and has been a member of the Board of Public Education for several years. He is a member of the Union League and the Historical Society. In private life he is essentially domestic and spends the greater portion of his leisure time in his elegant library which is said to contain 5000 volumes. He married Miss Bellas, daughter of Thomas Bellas, firm of Craig & Bellas. JOHN TAYLOR John Taylor Receiver of Taxes for the City, was born May 5, 1840, in the old district of Spring Garden. When three years of age his par- ents moved into the old city- proper, in that part now known He attended the Southwest Grammar School as the Seventh Ward, until thirteen years of age, when he found employment with Cum- miiigs & Co., at that time a well-known business house on South Third street. He entered the army on May 27, 1S61, as Sergeant of Company E, 2d Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, commanded by- Colonel William B. Mann, and was mustered out of service as Cap- tain, March 4, 1865, having been successively promoted to Orderly Sergeant and Lieutenant for gallant and meritorious services in the field. He participated in the following well-known battles of the Rebellion : Drainsville, Mechauicsville, Cold Harbor, Savage Sta- tion, Gaines' Mills (as Sergeant commanding Company ), White Oak Swamps, Malvern Hill, Second Bull Run, South Mountain, Antie- tam, Fredericksburg (where he was twice wounded), Gettysburg, Mine Run and the Wilderness. He was wounded and taken prisoner May 5, 1S64, and imprisoned at Lynchburg, Danville, Macon, Savannah, Charleston, Columbia, Raleigh and Wilmington. He was released at the latter place 011 March 1, 1S65. After being mustered out of active service he entered the Quarter Master General's Department of the Regular Army, and remained in that position until 1870, when he returned to Philadelphia. In 1S71 he em- barked in the insurance business. He is a prominent member of the Grand Army of the Republic and has served as Post Com- mander, State Department Commander, and has been Quarter PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILA DELPHI ANS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. Master Genera] of the National Department since 1SS1. He repre- sented the Thirty-first Ward in the lower branch of Councils in i.SNi and (882. In January, [889, Captain Taylor was unanimously nominated a as a candidate for a majority of 40,000 under William Henry Rawle, Esq. He passed his examination and was admitted to the Bar on May 25, ^72. He at once actively upon the practice of his profession, and in November. 1 S75, y nominated was offered the position of First Assistant United States Attorney by the Republican Convention in Philadelphia as a candidate for by John K. Valentine, Esq. Mr. Mi Michael declined, however Receiver of Taxes, and was elected, receivin votes CHARLES F. WARWICK City Solicitor for Philadelphia, was born in this city February 14. [850. He read law in the office of that distinguished lawyer, E. Spencer Miller, and later he entered the Law Department of the University of Pennsylvania, and was admitted to practice in 1873. He early displayed a natural aptitude for politics, and before he had attained his majority was well versed on all the threat questions of the day. In 1S75, when Gov. Hartranft was a candidate for the second term for Gubernatorial honors, he was requested by the Governor's political managers to take the " stump " in his be- half, which he did, his speeches being notably strong and in- fluencing. That was his intro- duction as a public political speaker ; and since then he has actively participated in every important canvass, showing rare powers in that line of oratory. During the Blaine campaign he was called to Ohio and Indiana, and his ad- dresses were considered among the strongest, most convincing heard in these States for many a day. One of the Western papers, commenting upon his work on the stump, said : ' ' His language was bright with metaphor ; his argument iron- clad with logic ; his voice in- spiring, and he entered into the spirit of his discussions with an enthusiasm and vigor that carries conviction." When George S. Graham was elected District Attorney he determined to surround him- self with young, active and able attorneys as his assistants, and called Mr. Warwick from his lesser sphere and made him one of his assistant prosecutors of the Common Pleas. Mr. Warwick displayed rare ability anil attained great success in his wider field and personally managed a number of import- ant cases. In 1S84 he was Charles Barnsley McMichael nominated for the office of City Solicitor, and after one of the hardest fought political battles ever waged in this city, was elected by a majority of about 14,000, running 5,000 ahead of his ticket, lie was re-elected to the same office in 1887 by a majority of 38,000. While in office he has argued some of the most important questions that have ever come before the Courts in relation to municipal law, and has successfully tried a number of very important cases, among which have been the five-cent street car fare, the gas trust inquiry suit, and many others. Other cases with which he was promi- nently connected were the engrossing bv him of the Bullitt Bill, the sewerage road law ; and he passed upon the bills authorizing the building of the Belt Line and Philadelphia & Reading Terminal Railroads. At present he is engaged with the city's law depart- ment in trying to unravel the tangled skein formed by the Key- stone Bank-City Treasurer John Bardsley combination. preferring civil to criminal practice. In 1NS1, he was appointed Solicitor of the Guardians of the Poor. This position he held for about two years,, and he was then promoted and given charge of the preparation and trial of all cases to which the City of Philadel- phia was a party brought in Court of Picas No. 2. By gradual promotion he has attained the position of Second Assistant City Solicitor, and has had under his supervision a large amount of litigation, including the preparation and trial of suits both at law and equity in the Courts of Common Pleas, and he has argued in the Supreme Court very many important causes involving the rights of the municipality. Mr. McMichael has published a Digest of the Statutes and adjudicated cases relating to the Municipal Law of the City of Philadelphia, and his literarv work has also included other critical articles upon legal subjects. Besides his pro- fessional duties with the Law- Department, Mr. McMichael has had a large mercantile and corporation practice. He is the counsel for several banks, trust companies and large business houses. He is a hard worker, a zealous advocate, and has had a large measure of success in the trial of cases. In politics he has always been a Republican, and al- though taking an active part in politics, he has never sought office. NORRIS S. BARRATT Son of the late Mary Irvine and James Barratt, jr., was born in the city of Philadel- phia, on the 23d day of August, 1S62. Educated at private and public schools. Studied law with Louis C. Massey, Esq., and was admitted to the Bar December 1, 18S3, and is now engaged in the practice of his profession. He was appointed Assistant City Solicitor by Charles F. Warwick, City So- licitor, April, 1S90, anil as- signed as Solicitor of the Bu- reau of Building Inspectors, which position he now holds. He is a Republican in politics and has for several years taken an active part in the Twenty- seventh Ward, in which he resides, as a member of the Republican Executive Committee. He is a prominent member of the "Young Republicans," and has been one of the Board of Directors of that organization since 1SS9. He is an Honorary member of the Iona Boat Club of the Schuylkill Navy and was its President in 1883. On July 15, 1SS9, he was elected an Honorary member of the Tippecanoe Veteran Club No. 1, of Philadelphia. He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Lodge No. 2, Philadelphia, and Oriental Royal Arch Chapter No. 1.N3, as well as a member of the "Law Association" and "The Historical Society of Pennsylvania." THOMAS GREEN CHARLES BARNSLEY M-MICHAEL Was born in Philadelphia, February 23, 1S50. He is the youngest son of Morton McMichael, who was Sheriff, and after- wards Mayor of the City of Philadelphia. He graduated at Harvard College in June, 1870, and immediately began the study of law Now Recorder of Deeds, was born in Frankford, October 20, 1832. He is of Scotch-English descent, his father having come from England and his mother being a Scotch lady whose maiden name was Christiana Anderson. After having obtained a fair education in the public schools of Frankford, especially the Marshall Gram- mar School, and at pay-schools, he learned the moulder's trade in the famous establishment of Alfred Jenks & Son and subsequently formed a partnership with James Sincham under the firm name of Green & Sineham, which still continues, they being the proprietors PHILADELPHIA AXD POPULAR PHILADELIHIAXS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. of the Union Iron Foundry in Frankford, where machine castings of every description are made to order, loam castings being a specialty. Mr. Green has always been a Republican in politics, and his first introduction into public life was as a member of Select Council, to which he was elected in February, 1880, defeating John R. Reading, a Democrat, by a vote of 2,620 to 1,056. His course in Council was so satisfactory to his constituents that they re-elected him again and again, until he voluntarily resigned to take his present position. He was placed on almost all the most important committees, and was one of the few members that were always present at the committee's meeting. He was an able and earnest advocate of better means for rapid transit, and, as the resolutions which the Select Council unanimously passed on his retirement expressed it, "zealous in all matters looking to the prosperity and greatest good of the entire municipality." In November, 1890, Mr. Green was elected Recorder of Deeds by a plurality vote of 35,040, being the largest plurality vote received by any candidate at the State election. H. P. CONNELL The high esteem in which Horatio P. Council, Sheriff of Phila- delphia county, is held by its citizens, is shown in the enormous vote by which he was elected to his responsible position. In round figures, he polled 113,000 votes, which was largely in excess of those received by any other candidate at that election. Mr. Council is a native of Allegheny county, this State, where he was born October 30, 1840. During his boyhood career he attended the public schools of his native place, and later, upon the removal of his parents to Philadelphia, pursued his studies in the public schools of this city. He afterwards took up the study of Civil Engineering and Surveying, and his professional career in this city was one of marked success. He ably filled for many years the position of surveyor and secretary of the Mount Moriah Cemetery Association, and continues in that important po- sition to-day. He was appointed Sergeant-at-Arms of the Senate of Pennsylvania, and served in that capacity in 18S1-S2. It was the first public recognition of the valuable services he had rendered the Republican party. In 1SS3, he was awarded another honor by be- ing elected a member of the House of Representatives. He was re- elected in 1885, and again in 1887. As a legislator, Mr. Council's record is without a single blot, and he served the interests of the State in an able, impartial manner, supporting the right and using his every endeavor to defeat the wrong. His steadfast attention to the duties of the office won for him the confidence of the public, not only of his own party, but of the Democratic, and when, in No- vember, 1890, he appeared as the Republican candidate for sheriff, he was elected by an overwhelming majority. He has filled the of- fice with ability since the first Monday of January, 1S91, and is held in high esteem as an able, honest and fearless official. ALFRED GRATZ Now Register of Wills for the City of Philadelphia, was born in this city, February 17, 1854. He is the son of Edward Grat/. who accumulated large wealth as a wholesale grocer, haying his principal store at Seventh and Market streets (where the Declaration of Inde- pendence is said to have been penned 1, and invested it in improved properly, founding what is well known to conveyancers as " the Gratz Estate." He received a fair education in private schools, but his father living while he was vet a lad he gave up school and directed his attention to business, being engaged for a time as a tea merchant. In 1SS0 he was appointed a Real Estate Assessor and served as such (or eight years. In the fall of iSSS he was nomin- ated by the Republicans for Register of Wills and elected by a handsome majority. Mr. Gratz is accredited with haying proved to be one of the best Registers of Wills Philadelphia has ever had. The office being partly a judicial one his decisions in disputed will cases have been fair and rarely, if ever, overruled by the Probate Court. When Mr. Gratz assumed charge of the department in January, 1SN9, he found a system in operation the same as when the first will was probated in 1683 and he has introduced so many improvements that we have not space to allude to any but a few of the more important. He has had the old records which by constant handling had become nearly valueless rearranged, rebound and rcindcxed, the indexes comprising 26 volumes; lie has had the old documents overhauled and discovered a large amount of delinquent collateral iuheritant tax, which is never outlawed, due to the State. He has directed that all documents shall be transcribed as far as possible on the day upon which they are deposited in the office, he has discouraged the filing of caveats to wills for trivial causes, he has adopted a new system of appraisement by which the State will be greatly benefited in in- creased revenues from decedents' estates; and being ex-offieio Clerk of the Orphan's Court he has taken measures to rearrange, protect and preserve the important papers on file in this court, and how vast their number may be gleaned from the fact that 2400 file boxes are required to contain them. Mr. Gratz is a young man but he has made his mark. SAMUEL H. ASHBR1DGE Now Coroner for the City and County of Philadelphia, was born in New Jersey, December 5, 1S49. He is of Quaker parentage and is descended from a family whose settlement in this country antedates, it is said, the arrival of Win. Penn. He was brought to Philadelphia at an early age and was educated in its public schools. When he was fifteen he left school and entered the office of a coal merchant, where he remained until he was of age, when he em- barked in the business for his own account, with varying sui cess for several years. When Mr. Powers was appointed Coroner by the Governor, to fill the unexpired term of Dr. Gilbert deceased, he appointed Mr. Ashbridge his Deputy, and when Dr. Januey became Coroner in 1882, he appointed him his chief clerk. In 1883 Mr. Powers was elected Coroner by the people and he again appointed Mr. Ashbridge his Deputy, a position that he held until he himself was elected Coroner in 1886. He discharged the duties of the office so acceptably that on the expiration of his first term in 1SS9 he was honored with a unanimous nomination and election for a second term. During his long connection with the duties of a Coroner in Philadelphia, Mr. Ashbridge has acquired an experience that few men possess. He has been particularly successful in investigating the causes of mysterious deaths, and has unearthed many hidden crimes. He holds in his keeping secrets affecting the honor of prominent families anil professional men, which if revealed would create astonishment and consternation throughout society. Possessing a broad intelligence and a high sense of honor, he has discharged the judicial duties pertaining to the office with excep- tional wisdom and discretion. At an early age he manifested a fondness for the excitement incidental to political life and allied himself with the Republi- can party. He has presided at many of its meetings and conventions and of late years has developed a talent for oratory that has made his services in great demand in election campaigns. He is a member of the Union Republican Club, Anti-Cobden Club and of twenty-three fraternal Orders and Associations. JAMES W. LATTA Clerk of Quarter Sessions, City of Philadelphia, was born April 19th, 1S39, in Philadelphia. His father was John E. Latta, who deceased in 1S68, a well-known lawyer, who had been Solicitor of the Tax Department and under Postmaster Taylor was Chief Clerk. His mother was a Bartlett, whose family were well known in commercial circles. General Latta was educated in the common schools and gradu- ated from the Central High School, B. A., in 1856. He studied law with his father and in the office of the Hon. Wm. A. Pierce, who was afterwards Judge of the Common Pleas, Philadelphia. He was admitted to the bar April 19th, i860, when twenty-one years of age. He began the practice of law in Philadelphia which he con tinned until 1862. On the 19th of April, 1S61, he enlisted as a private in Com- pany D, Gray Reserves, now the 5th Regiment, National Guards, Pa. On the 2d of August, 1S62, he was commissioned 2nd Lieuten- ant in Company C, 119th Pennsylvania Volunteers. September 19th, 1S62, he was commissioned 1st Lieutenant Company E. Was appointed Adjutant of the Regiment and Acting Judge Advocate of the 1st Division, 6th Army Corps. He was appointed Assistant Adjutant General of Volunteers in April, 1864. Previous to this appointment, in March, 1864.be had been promoted to the Cap- taincy of Company I!, 119th Penua. As Assistant Adjutant General lie was assigned to duty with the 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 6th Army Corps, with which he served until March, 1865, when he was ordered to the 4th Division of the Cavalry Corps of the Military Division of the Mississippi, General Emory Upton, commanding. He was with Wilson's Cavalry Corps on its celebrated raid from Chickasaw Bluffs to Macon, Ga. At the close of the war he was ordered from Macon to Fort Leavenworth and thence to Denver, headquarters Department of Colorado, where he remained on duty PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA NS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. until lanuarv, [866, when he was honorably mustered out of service. He was offered and declined a commission as First Lieutenant, 6th U.S. Infantry. In 1S64 he was successively brevetted Major and Lieutenant Colonel for gallant and meritorious services in battle. His services covered the whole extent of the United States, an incident unusual in the Volunteer service. After muster out he resumed the practice of law in Philadelphia and also his connection with the 1st Regiment Pennsylvania National Guards. In 1S6S he was commissioned Colonel of the Regiment and after four years of service was promoted by Governor Hart- ranft to Adjutant General of the State of Pennsylvania, which position he held under Governors Hartranft and Hoyt. He was appointed Commander of the G. A. R., State of Penn- sylvania, in the Centennial year, and Master of Philadelphia Lodge No. 72, A. F. and A. M. He is a member of Post No. 2, G. A. R., and member of the Pennsylvania Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion. He was the first Secretary of the Civic Service Board under the operation of the Bullitt Bill, which position he resigned to accept his present position as Clerk of Quarter Sessions, to which he was elected in November, 1SN9. He has been an active member of the Union League since 1866. He married Miss Susan Evre Withers, daughter of Hanson L. Withers, of the firm of Dale, Ross & Withers, a well-known Market street silk house. RICHARD PELTZ Who for more than ten years has beeu Deputy Clerk of the Quarter Sessions, was born in Philadelphia, July 11, 1832. After having been a pupil in the Central High School, which he left on the death of his lather, he entered the store of Henry A. Bower, at Sixth and Green streets, to learn the retail drug business, and remained with him until he attained his majority. His introduction into public life began by his capturing a clerk- ship in "the Tax Office in 1854, which he filled so acceptably for a number of years, that in 1866 he was elected Receiver of Taxes. In 186.8 he was a candidate for re-election, and though the certificate of elec- tion was given to his oppo- nent, Mr. Malloy, he established his claim to the office after a contest and held it until [871. Pour years later he was elected a member of the Common Council from the Twenty-fourth Ward and served for two terms. In 1880, Mr. William R. Leeds be- came Clerk of the Courts, by appointment of the Governor, to till the unexpired term of Geo. Truman deceased, and Mr. Peltz was selected as the Chief Deputy, a position for which he has displayed such superior qualifications that he has held it through all changes of administration until the present time. Since May, 1S72, he has also been a member of the Board of Public Building Commissioners having charge of the erection of the New City Hall. When the Confederate forces invaded the State of Pennsylvania in 1S63, Mr. Peltz enlisted for the emergency in the First Regiment Gray Reserves, and served in the campaign which succeeded the battle of Gettysburg, until General Lee's army was driven across the Potomac. moved to this city in 1821, and at an early age young Mann became his father's assistant. Rut having fixed upon the law as bis voca tion, he entered the office of the Hon. Charles Naylor, and in 1838, was admitted to the Bar at the age of twenty-two. He began practice in the Northern Liberties. Politics and law were con- temporaneous with him. His first support was given to the Whig party. In 1850 he received his first appointment to public offi 1 ant District Attorney to Wm. B. Reed, Esq., and from that time for- ward for twenty-one years, he gave his attention almost exclusively to the practice of criminal law in which he stands among the head's of the profession. He was connected while Assistant District Attorney with the celebrated habeas corpus case of Passmore William- son tried for assisting slaves. In 1856 he became the Whig candi- date for District Attorney, and after a tedious litigation of seven months was placed in the office from which for fifteen years his political opponents could not remove him. Upon the organization of the Republican party he espoused its doctrines. In 1S60, he was a delegate to the Chicago Convention and assisted materially in the nom- ination of Abraham Lincoln. When the war became inevita- ble he determined to lend his efforts to crush force by force. He was active in the encour- agement of enlistments and formation of regiments. In the outset he had determined to organize a regiment, though not with the intention of re- maining permanently in the field, believing that his best exertions for the country's welfare could be rendered at home. Elected Colonel of the companies of Philadelphia, for the reserve corps, ami organ- ized as a regiment at Camp Washington, he placed h i s regiment in the field, and when in the fall of 1S61 the army retired into winter quarters he resigned his command and re- turned to civic life. In 1S62 he was elected District Attorney and again in 1S65. In [868 he declined the nomination but in [87] was again nominated and elected to the office. For the period of twenty-one years his life had been one of unre- mitting care in that office. In 1S74 the Judges of the Com- mon 1 'leas appointed Mr. Mann Prothonotary, which office he has since held and managed with great ability. Col. Maun married the choice of his youth, and on April 15, [889, His son, Charles Naylor Mann, Samuel Lightfoot Smedley celebrated their golden wedding, is a member of the Bar, and his assistant. COL. WILLIAM B. MANN Prothonotary of the Court of Common Pleas, was born at Mt. Holly, N. J., Oct. 27, 1S16. His father, Rev. William Mann, was widely known and respected in Philadelphia, as a teacher. He re- CHARLES B. ROBERTS First Deputy Prothonotary of the Common Pleas Courts, was born in Philadelphia, February 16, 1839. After receiving a fair education in the schools of his native city, he was registered a student of law in the office of John Mclntyre, Esq., and admitted to the bar December 5, i860. For several years he devoted his attention to Conveyancing and mastering "the intricacies of Real Estate law, but when Tames McMamis became the Prothonotary of the District Court of Philadelphia, December 1, 1866, he appointed Mr. Roberts to a clerkship in the office. He remained first clerk of the Prothonotary 's office of the District Courts, until December [875, when, under "the new Constitution of 1.N74, the District Court expired and the whole court business of the county was concen- trated in four courts of Common Pleas with one Prothonotary for all. Col. Wm. B. Mann became the first Prothonotary and he appointed Mr. Roberts his First Deputy, a position he has held by successive appointments to the present time. Col. Maun, who has known him long and well, thus speaks of him. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILA DELPHI. IMS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. "During his. long service he has obtained a vast amount of studied law in the office of John Dolman, Esq., and was admitted knowledge of the practice of the law and of the minutest details of to the bar May nth, 1S71. He was appointed Court Clerk under the whole business of the office. His duties bring him into direct John Loughredge in 1872, and after the consolidation was appointed intercourse with the active members of the profession, who have to his present positiion. implicit confidence in his knowledge and iutegritv. His manners are polite and agreeable. He is good humored yet firm, and he is able to transact quickly an immense amount of business of such a varied character as to excite the admiration of those who throng around him to obtain the papers they require. Mr. Roberts is so intimately conversant by knowledge and experience with the practice of the Courts that the wisest of our Bar are glad to consult him in unusual cases and under his guidance prevent themselves from going astrav. His life has for many years been actively and and usefully employed and we can safely assert no man in public life has gained a better character for integrity, or endeared himself to a larger circle of friends and acquaintances." Mr. McCain is of a genial disposition, and accommodating, filling his position to the utmost satisfaction of both bench and bar. CHARLES NAYLOR MANN Eldest son of Hon. William B. Mann, and now Deputy Prothonotary of the Common Picas, was born in Philadel- phia, February 14, 1840. His primary education was ob- tained in the public schools of his native city, and finished by a classical course under the tuition of his grandfather, the Rev. William Maun, one of the foremost teachers of his day. He then entered upon the study of the law in the office of Charles E. Lex, Esq., and was admitted to the Bar June 3d, 1863. When Charles H. T. Collis became City So- licitor he appointed Mr. Mann as his Assistant, an office that he held until the end of that gentleman's term, when he resumed his private practice. In 1883 he was appointed Deputy Prothonotary of the Court of Common Pleas, a position that he has held to the present time with unvary- ing satisfaction to the Bench and the Bar. While Mr. Mann's profes- sional career has been devoted to the Law his personal tastes have inclined to dramatic lit- erature. In this field he en- jovs a distinctive reputation. As a dramatic critic his taste has been formed by a familiar acquaintance with the best range of standard drama and by noting appreciatively the best actors of the last thirty years. His leisure time has been employed in collecting a dramatic library which is one of the most notable in this country. No expense has been spared in securing the rarest plays, and the finest editions of the standard dramas are to be found upon his shelves. Besides the collection of rare and splendid dra- matic works he has been industrious in antiquarian researches in tins direction ami it is probable that at the present time no other dramatic library in the L'uited States contains as complete a record of the history of theatrical establishments and the engagements and personal histories of individual performers. His library, as may be expected, has been the principal resort ot dramatic his- torians throughout the laud, and every one of them would no doubt bear witness to Mr. Mann's courtesy and useful assistance. JAMES PENN McCAIN Clerk of Court of Common Pleas, No. 3, City of Philadelphia, was born in this city in 1844. Son of John McCain, a well-known manufacturer, who died in 1S61. Mr. McCain received his educa- tion in the public schools of the city, graduating at the High School, after which he taught for awhile at the House of Refuge. He SAMUEL LIGH1FOOT SMEDLEY Chief Engineer and ex-officio a Park Commissioner of the City of Philadelphia, was born at Edgmont, Delaware County, Pa., December 29, 1S32. He is descended in the seventh generation from George Smedley, a native of Derbyshire, England, who emi- grated to America in 16S2 with other followers of Wm. Perm, and settled at Middletown, Pa., buying land there lying just west of the present town of Media, which is still owned, occupied and cultivated by his descendants. The father of the subject of this sketch, Samuel L. Smedlej', Sr., was born and reared on this farm. Through his own natural tal- ents he acquired an excellent education, and although never having wholly abandoned agri- cultural pursuits, he carried on an extensive business as sur- ve\-or and conveyancer and in addition taught school for many seasons. He died at the early age of thirty-six years, leaving a wife, Hannah Pen- nell, a daughter of Joseph Pennell, of Middletown, and three sons, of whom the sub- ject of this sketch, who was but two years old at the time of his father's death, was the youngest. He inherited the intellectual tastes of his father, and so rapid was his progress that at the age of sixteen he was preparing for a collegiate course. But failing health compelled him to abandon further systematic study, and for four or five years he de- voted himself to farm work, which restored him to good health. In 1853, having de- cided to adopt the profession of surveying and engineering, he placed himself under the instruction of Joseph Fox, a noted city surveyor. His pro- gress was rapid and he soou became an expert draughts- man. In 1856 he was engaged by the Commissioners of Blockley to lav out the streets in that district ; and soon after this he published a complete Atlas of Philadelphia of great merit. In 1S58 he was elected a member of the Board of City Surveyors and was subsequently re-elected by the people of his district for three successive terms of five years each. His travels in Europe were of immense advantage to him in his agitation (upon his return home) of the public park question, and it was largely due to his efforts that the tract along the Schuylkill river known as "Lansdown," was purchased and couveited into a park. Its magnificence is also largely due to his personal work, and since 1S72 he has been an ex-officio member of the Park Commissioners. But for him the cheap and delightful conveyance through the park by the means ot an inclined plane anil gravity railway, which he conceived would never have been pro- jected. In 1S72 Mr. Smedley was chosen by City Councils to the responsible office of Chief Engineer and Surve}-or of the city, a position he has acceptably filled ever since. The improvements and constructions prosecuted by him comprise many of the notable engineering works of the present generation, including the building of the Penrose Ferry Bridge, the Iron Cauti-Lever Bridge at Market street, Fairmount Bridge, Girard avenue Bridge and the raising of the grade of Walnut street on the west side of the Schuylkill. Mr. Smedley is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Engineers' Club of Philadelphia, Charles Oscar Beasley PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. Historical Society of Pennsylvania since 1857 and was its recording secretary for fourteen years. He is also a member of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia, the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, Franklin Institute, West Philadelphia Institute, Delaware County Institute of Science, American Public Health Association, American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Union League and other social and political clubs of prominence. Mr. Smedley is a bachelor and resides in West Philadelphia. M. I,. Snyder, and Emily) are living. In religion Mr. Cassin is a Friend, being a birthright member of the Society of friends, and in politics he is a Democrat, and has twice represented his Con- gressional district in National Conventions. JOHN L. HILL A prominent member of the Board of Public Building Com- missioners, was born in Philadelphia, September 20th, 1840. His parents, who were natives of Scotland, came to this country when young and his father became a noted sculptor and carver in marble, the tomb of Washington, at Mount Vernon, being a specimen of his handiwork. Left an orphan at an early age young Hill, after passing through the public schools and spending a year at the Cen- tral High School, apprenticed himself to the well-known firm of John Struthers & Son to learn the trade of marble cutting, in which he became so proficient that while a journeyman lie was employed to complete the famous sarcophagus of Henry Clay. Early in life Mr. Hill took an interest in politics and identified himself with the Republican party while that party was yet in its infancy. His advent into official life took place when he became Chief Clerk of the Department of City Property, a position that he held for two years and until Hon. Charles O'Neill offered him a clerkship in the Tax Office. When Richard Peltz became Receiver of Taxes he made Mr. Hill his Chief Clerk and subsequently then appointed him Collector of Delinquent Taxes, a position that he hehl during the years 1S70, 1871 and 1S72. In 1875 the City Councils elected him Chief Commissioner of Highways, but he resigned the office after serving one year. His present official position on the Commissioners to erect the Public Buildings dates from January 1 8th, 1872, when he was appointed to succeed J. Price Wetherill, and he has served continuously in the Board to the present time. Mr. Hill has long been prominent in the councils of the Repub- lican party and for more than a quarter of a century has been a delegate to nearly every local and State Convention. In 1S76 he was a delegate to the National Convention which nominated Ruth- erford B. Hayes for the Presidency. He is also interested in many important industrial enterprises, notably the M. Taylor Paving Company of New York, and has been associated for several years with the Disstons in the Florida Land and Improvement Company. ISAAC SHARPLESS CASSIN Member of the Public Building Commission of Philadelphia, is one of the most eminent hydraulic engineers in America. Joseph Cassin, his father, emigrated from Queen's county, Ireland, and settled in Philadelphia in 1725. Among his sons were John and Luke. Luke Cassin married Ann Worrall of Delaware Co., Pa., who bore him a sou named Thomas, who married Rachel Sharpless, by whom he had nine children, including John Cassin, a distin- guished ornithologist, and Isaac S., the subject of this sketch. The latter was born July 29, 1826, near Media, Delaware county, Pa., and after receiving a liberal education at the friends' School at Westtown, Chester county, and from private tutors, he entered the machine shops of I. P. Morris & Co., as an apprentice, who at the time were manufacturing some of the largest Cornish pumping-en- gines ever built for mining and waterworks purposes. Mr. Cassin served for a term as chief-engineer of the United States Mint at Philadelphia, and in 1856 was appointed engineer for the Spring Garden waterworks of that city, and during his administration effected many improvements. Subsequently he served as engineer of the Philadelphia gas-works, and then engaged largely in the con- struction of water and gas works throughout the country, including California, and also the Canadas. Those of his construction in this vicinity include the Chester, Oxford, Media, West Chester, Wayne, Coatesville, Pottstown, Conshohocken, Ashland, Phcenixville, Holmesburg, Birdsborough and Doylcstowu water-works. His es- tablishment is known as the "Union Hydraulic Works," and is the oldest of the kind in the United States. Mr. Cassin is a mem- ber of the franklin Institute and the Engineers' Club, and is one of the commissioners for the erection of the New Public Buildings in this city. He was married to Emily, daughter of John M. Hunter, on October 10, 1850, by whom he had six children, of whom two sons (John and Isaac, jr.) and two daughters (Eliza H., married to JOHN ORD Architect of Public Buildings, is a native of Fifeshire, Scotland, where he was born May 14th, 1850. He received his elementary education in the schools of Edinburgh, in which city he also pur- sued a course of architectural study, supplementing both by special studies at the Watt Institution and at the Government Art School, completing his professional course by observation and study in France, Italy, Germany and Belgium. He came to Philadelphia in February, 1872, and for some time was assistant to Addison llutton, with whom he afterwards entered into partnership on June 1st, 1877. Among the works the firm had on hand at this time were the Packer Library of Lehigh University, at Bethlehem, and the Bucks County Court House, at Doylestown. The partnership was not long con- tinued, for in October, 1878, Mr. Ord opened an office in his own name, and almost immediately thereafter he accepted the offer of John McArthur to become the principal assistant on the work on the new City Hall. At the death of Mr. McArthur he was on Feb- ruary 15th, 1890, elected to his present position — that of Chief Architect — by the Public Buildings Commissioners. While engaged with Mr. McArthur, Mr. Ord acted in the capacity of assistant architect in the erection of the palatial country home of George W. Childs, at Wootton, and the Children's Ward of the Presby- terian Hospital. He was also one of the five architects selected to submit designs for the new Court House of Allegheny County, at Pittsburgh, Pa., and also for the Grant Monument in Riverside Park, New York. Among other buildings for which he was archi- tect were the Asbury M. E. Church, Columbia Club House, and the country house, conservatories, stables, etc., of E. Garrett, Jr., at Villa Nova, Pa., whose beauty are not excelled in this part of the State. Mr. Ord's reputation is national, and he has few, if any, superiors in his profession in the country. There is an originality about his designs which is not alone pleasing to the eye but denotes comfort and convenience so rarely found in modern buildings, the rule seemingly to be to " cut up " the departments so as to destroy their usefulness, as well as beauty, in a large measure. CHARLES OSCAR BEASLEY A prominent member of the Select Council of Philadelphia, and a well-known lawyer, was born in Salem, N. C, September 26, 1S60. He was brought to Philadelphia at an early age and entered as a student in the Department of Arts in the University of Pennsyl- vania, from which he graduated in 18S3. He then entered the office of George M. Dallas, Esq., as a student of law and for two years attended lectures in the Law School, graduating in 1885, and in the same year was admitted to the Bar. His professional success since his admission to the Bar has been remarkable. The ante rooms of his office are often overcrowded with clients awaiting an audience. His practice being largely in the Criminal Courts, those who have wrongs to redress or accusations to meet, seek his aid and counsel. His persistency in adhering to the fortunes of a client so long as there is a scintilla of hope is strikingly illustrated in the case of the negro Johnson convicted of the murder of farmer Sharpless in Del- aware county. Being strongly impressed with the probabilities of his innocence, Mr. Beasley took the case after conviction and by ap- plication for a new trial, appeals to the Governor for a reprieve ami arguments before the Board of Pardons, he succeeded in saving the man's life by haying the sentence of death commuted for a life imprisonment. At an early period in his professional career Mr. Beasley took an active interest in political affairs and soon became a favorite campaign speaker for the Democracy. His advent into official life took place in [888, when he was elected a member of the 10th Section School Board with the unanimous assent of the dominant party, and the interest he has taken in the public schools of his section has been greatly to their advantage. In 1889 he was elected as the representative to Select Council for the Tenth Ward, by a majority of several hundred votes, notwithstanding the Ward is' strongly Republican and had never before elected a Democrat to Councils. His course in Council has been bold, independent ami popular. He has been an earnest and effective champion of increased railway facilities for the city, and an avowed and a sive opponent of corporate monopoly. To him, probably more than to any other man, Philadelphia is indebted forwhatcver bene- PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA XS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. fits may result from the establishment of the Reading Terminal and the Belt Line. He originated the Meeting in the Academy of Music, which exerted such a powerful influence over the mind of Councilmen in regard to the Reading Terminal, and it was he who, by parliamentary tactics in the Select branch, broke the dead-lock of delay and obstruction and secured the large majority vote in its favor. Mr. Beasley is a member of Grace (Episcopalian) Church, and a Superintendent of one of its Sunday Schools. In 1S90 he was the nominee of the Democrats for the Recorder of Deeds, and though his election was not expected by any one his nomination is evidence of his popularity with his party. THOMAS J. HICKS A prominent member of the Common Council of Philadelphia, was born in the old district of Southwark, February 18, 1852. He is a son of Robert C. Hicks who was a Captain in Colonel Baker's California Regiment, and noted for his unflinching courage and soldierly deportment. His education was received in the public schools of the city, but after passing through the Mount Vernon Grammar School he decided to leave school and learn a trade, selecting that of plumbing, steam and gas fitting. For a short time he was a general contractor for the construction of water and gas works, but when the West Philadelphia Passenger Railway Com- pany became involved in trouble through the malfeasance of its President, he was appointed its Receiver and served as such from September, 1*77, until July, 1.NS1. His assiduous devotion to the duties this appointment imposed upon him impaired his eyesight, and in July, 1881, when the Superinteudency of the Fifth Street Market was tendered to him he accepted it and has continued to hold the position to the present time. Mr. Hicks is a gentleman of very positive qualities though courteous in manner. He early decided that he would be "nobody's man " and that he would not give anv pledges except that he would do right so far as he was given the power to see the right. In 1SS4 the Union Republicans of the 24th Ward, (which then included what is now the 34th Ward) nominated him for their Representative in Common Council and notwithstanding Ins plain declaration of absolute independence from party trammels in municipal legislation, elected him by a large majority. His course in Council has been so satisfactory to his constituents that they have re-elected him again and again and he is now serving his fourth term. Even his opposition to meas- ures popular with his party has not affected the confidence felt in his entire sincerity and integrity. He has served on many import- ant committees and was a prominent member of the Committee engaged in investigating the transactions of the late ( Sty Treasurer. When the Mayor elect invited suggestions to guide him in the selection of his Directors, Mr. Hicks was strongly recommended by many who knew his executive ability as a suitable person to be Director of Public Works. JOHN LAMON Superintendent of Police, City of Philadelphia, was born in the Old District of Kensington, October 17, 1829, and was educated in the Harrison Grammar School. At the age of 18 he entered the employment of Neafie & Levy, Machinists. Early in life Mr. Lamon took an active part in politics; Jan- uarv, 1853, he was appointed Police Officer on the Marshal's force by Marshal Johu H. Kej'ser, which force made itself famous in putting down riots, which at that time disgraced the city. Marshal Kevser being succeeded by Marshal Murphy, Mr. Lamon was dropped Dec. 31, 1853, after which he worked at his trade until September, 1S54, when under the Consolidation Act the new City Police Force was organized, and Mr. Lamon was appointed Sergeant, 18th District, by Mayor R. M. T. Conrad. Mayor Richard Vaux being elected two years later Mr. Lamon resigned his position September 21, 1855, and the next day entered the office of the Northern Liberties Gas Co., and remained there until March, i860, when he was tendered an appointment in the Detective Department by Mayor Alex. Henry, which was accepted and retained until appointed Chief of that Department by Mayor Morton MeMichael, succeeding Benjamin Franklin. In this position Mr. Lamon served until the election of Mayor Daniel Fox, when he again resigned, December, 1869. Under the administration of Mr. Lamon the Department was brought to a high state of efficiency. He was then appointed Deputy Revenue Collector for the Third District by Geo. Evans, Collector of Internal Revenue, resigning to become a can- didate for the Legislature, to which he was elected successively three terms, 1871, 1872 and 1873. He was elected State Senator in 1873, and re-elected in 1S76, under the new Constitution, for four years, serving seven years. In 1879 was elected President pro tern., of the Senate and served on several committees. Alter ten years of private life he was appointed State Mercan- tile Appraiser by State Treasurer Bfitler, for the term of two years, 18S3 and 1S84. ' In 1S87 Mayor E. H. Fitler tendered Mr. Lamon the responsible position he now fills, at the request of Wm. S. Stokley, Director of Public Safety. Under Chief Lamon's administration rowdies and rowdyism have been stamped out, and no serious crimes have been committed and few criminals have escaped. JOHN R. CANTLIN Chief Engineer of the Bureau of Fire, was born in Worcester, Mass., March 12, 1S36, but was brought by his parents to Phila- delphia while he was yet an infant. He passed through the South- east Grammar School and then spent two years in a machine shop, where a liking for running engines was developed, which manifested itself in his being one of the first to secure the position of engi- neer wdieu steam fire engines came into use. Mr. Cantlin was engineer of the Old Franklin Fire Company, No. 12, and while in charge of the steamer was regarded as one of the best in the volun- teer service. When the war broke out in 1861, he enlisted for three months in a company of Independent Rangers, which was selected by General Patterson as his body guard during his first campaign in the Shenandoah Valley. Being an expert telegrapher he was detached from the company to do duty in that capacity at head- quarters, and so satisfactorily did he fill the responsible position that on being mustered out of service he was personally compli- mented by General Patterson, who gave him a written certificate of efficiency and faithfulness. Finding on his return home that his two brothers had determined to enlist for the warhetelt it to be his duty to repress a strong inclination to return to the army, in order to care for his widowed mother. When the paid Fire Department was established in January, 1871, Mr. Cantlin was made the first Secretary of the Board of Fire Commissioners. This position he filled for eight years, and having displayed executive ability as well as mechanical skill he was, in February, 1879, promoted to be Chief of the Bureau. During his long administration he has brought the Department (which now consists of thirty-six engine companies, six hook-and-ladder trucks and two chemical engines, operated by over five hundred men) to a high state of efficiency. Having but one thought and one ambi- tion to secure the citizens protection from fires — his vigilance has been sleepless. When he assumed charge of the Department he found the water service in the older portion of the city wholly inadequate for the extinction of fires in high buildings, and having demonstrated this to the satisfaction of the Engineers of the Water Department, and by persistent appeals to Councils he succeeded in having new and larger pipes substituted. Improved engines and apparatus of various kinds have been introduced from time to time, and now, possessing the confidence of the executive officers and having cultivated harmonious relations with the other bureaus he is able to secure, upon request, whatever he may deem necessary to promote the efficieucv of his department. Mr. Cantlin is a Knight Templar, Past Grand of the Odd Fel- lows, Past Grand Chief of the Knights of the Golden Eagle, and is a member of other benevolent and fraternal associations. DANIEL R. WALKER Chief of the Electrical Department, was born January 3, 1S29, in Ashland, Ohio. He came to Philadelphia in 1849, under an engagement with Dunlap & Crossman, Silk Merchants, on Market street, and in December, 1856, was appointed telegraph operator by Mayor Vaux. In the spring of 1S3S he was appointed by Superintendent Phillips, Assistant Superintendent of the Police and Fire Alarm Telegraph. He remained in that position until December, 18S3, wdien he was elected Chief of the Department. He has continued for thirty-four years in the city's electrical service. When Chief Walker assumed the duties of his position he reorganized the whole force of his department. He has general supervision of all electrical matters of the city, fire, police, telephone and electric light service, as well as the con- struction and maintenance of all telegraph, telephone and electric light wires and poles, and the laying and construction of under- ground conduits and cables for electrical purposes. He is also a member of the Board of Highway Supervisors. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. The present patrol, telephone and signal service system was constructed under his supervision and direction. The present sys- tem of underground conduits and arc lighting is due to him. It was Erst introduced into Philadelphia in North Broad street, in May, 1885. He also solved the means of preventing cables from corrosion* underground. Suggested and originated the present system of highway supervision, by which departments are notified when the streets are to be torn up for new work or repairs, in order that all underground work may be done at one and the same time, saving much labor and expense to the city. Mr. Walker invented the method of insulating batteries so there is no loss of the current which is perceptible and the full force of the batterv is sent out on the lines in the direction required. These many improvements he has given to the city free from any rovalty from patents, which he could have secured. It was through Mr. Walker's exertions that a rental was obtained, which yielded the city many thousand dollars yearly, from the different companies who were using the telegraph poles belonging to the city without paying therefor. In the conduct of his department, Mr. Walker has displayed marked ability, scientific knowdedge and skill, and the interests of the city have been carefully studied and protected. He is a member of Montgomery Lodge, No. 19, A. F. & A. M. R. R. BR1NGHURST Member of Select Council from the Ninth Ward, was born in this city. His father was Robert R. Bringhurst, for many years sexton of Christ Church, and a favorably known undertaker for about forty years; he died in 1863. The business established by him in 1824, was continued by his sons, Robert Morris Bringhurst, named after the financier of the Government during the war of the Revolution, and William White Bringhurst, named after Bishop White, the first Episcopal Bishop ot America. The present R. R. Bringhurst took charge of the busi- ness July 1, 1S77, having assisted in its conduct since 1868. Mr. Bringhurst has conducted his business with tact and ability and stands high in the regard of his fellow citizens, professionally and socially. At the February election for City Councils, 1891, Mr. Bringhurst was elected from the Ninth Ward to Select Council. He has been President of the Internationa! Funeral Directors' Asso- ciation for four terms. The Association was organized in 1882, for the purpose of promoting information among its members con- cerning their duties and general business management. Meetings of the International Association have been held in Rochester, Cin- cinnati, Chicago, Philadelphia, Pittsburg, Baltimore and Toronto. WILLIAM K. PARK Chief of the Bureau of Gas, City of Philadelphia, was born in that city about sixty years ago. His father was born in Belfast, Ireland, of Scotch-Irish descent and a rigid Presbyterian. Young Park received his early education in the Philadelphia Academy, a Quaker school, which he attended up to the time of his father's death, which occurred when he was eleven years of age. He then obtained employment in order to assist in the support of his mother and six sisters, and worked first in a hat factory, and afterwards in wood turning and other ways, until he was twenty-one years of age, when he married and engaged in business for himself as a wopd turner. In the Fremont campaign he took an active part in politics, and has since continued an arduous supporter of the Repub- lican party. He was a member of the old volunteer fire department for fourteen years, during which time he was not known to be absent from a fire day or night. He was elected to the Common Councils in 1869. Was a member of the Centennial Committee during its existence of seven years. Was a member of Finance Committee. In 1863 he was appointed as Assistant Chief, Bureau of Gas, and in 1879 to his present position. For more than thirty- years he has been a member of the Masonic Order, and for thirty- five years of the I. O. O. F., and Howard Encampment, and Order of American Machinists. He is a member of the Board of High- way Supervisors. GEORGE A. BULLOCK Chief of Highway Department, was born in Philadelphia, in September, 1S41, anil was educated in the public and High schools of his native city, graduating from the latter in i860. He soon afterwards became assistant to Prof. Angelo, in the High school, which position he resigned in 1864, to join his father in the busi- ness of contracting and building, their work consisting mainly of street and steam railroad construction and bridge building. Among some of the lines built by the Messrs. Bullock, were street railways in Baltimore, Boston, New York, Brooklyn, Easton, Pa., Newark, N. J., and Norfolk, Va. They also contracted for and completed the Moshonig railroad, a branch of the Tyrone and Clearfield road. In 1881 the firm were engaged in building a low grade in West- moreland county, Pa. They returned to Philadelphia the latter part of 1 88 1, and took charge of the Union Street Railway Com- pany's construction, of which Mr. George A. Bullock was road- master until 1S83. He built over one hundred miles of road and various depots in Philadelphia, among which were the iotli and 1 1 tli Street, Ridge Avenue, Continental and Union Lines. In 1889 he was appointed Chief of the Highway Department, passing the Civil Service examination with a percentage of 100, demonstrating how thoroughly his twenty years' practical experience had qualified him for the duties of this important and responsible position. In 18S7 Mr. Bullock was engaged in the construction of electric conduits for the city. He was associated with William Wharton, Jr., in 1871 and 1S72. He is an active member of the Engineers' Club, and has designed a map for the use of the City Department, showing the character, condition and quality of paving at a glance, an almost indispensable chart to the officials. MALCOLM M. COPPOCK Chief Clerk Bureau of Highways, was born in Mount Holly, N. J., in 1833, and was brought with his family to this city two years later. He attended the Philadelphia public and High schools, graduating from the latter in 1848. Among his classmates were Wm. M. Singcrly, Dr. A. M. Gehan, of the U. S. Army, and John J. Mickelhan. He began business life in this city as a merchant in 1S49, an d was thus successfully engaged for many years. He was appointed to his present position in 1872, in which capacity he has had charge of appropriations aggregating from $ 1,250, 000 to $1,500,000 annually and such has been his fidelity to his important trust that Mr. John D. Estabrook, Chief Commissioner of Highways, in his last annual report, referred to Mr. Coppock in these words : " The duties of the Chief Clerk are very exacting and have been performed with remarkable fidelity." In September, 1862, Mr. Coppock enlisted as a private in the 7th Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served for three years in the campaigns of that historic regiment. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and of the Veteran Corps of the 1st Regi- ment, and his social qualities and worth have made him a welcome visitor in the sister organizations. Mr. Coppock is a man of con- siderable artistic skill and taste in landscape gardening, and has planned and executed some work which has had universal attention. He is an elocutionist of rare ability, and frequently adds to the iuterest of entertainments given by churches and other societies, by giving recitations and readings. Both in official and social life Mr. Coppock is a cultured and courteous gentleman. He is thoroughly devoted to the public interests and has unbounded faith in the future of Philadelphia. LOUIS R. F. FORTESCUE Chief Clerk City Controller's Office, was born in the district of Southwark, June 23, 183S, and was educated in the public schools. In 1854 he entered the book bindery of Joseph A. Spear, with whom he remained until his 21st year, after which he engaged for a time with a theatrical company. Tiring of this business he accepted a position tendered him by Mr. Walter Thomas, President of the Race and Vine and Arch Streets Railways. In 1861 he entered the army and was commissioned First Lieu- tenant Pennsylvania Volunteers. In the field, August 16, 1861, he was detailed as signal officer at the headquarters of Major General Banks. He was in the battles of Balls Bluff and Winchester, and afterwards was transferred as signal officer, July, 1862, to the head- quarters of Major General John Pope, and com missioned Captain. At the battle of Cedar Mountain he served as Aid-de-Camp to Gen- eral Banks, and was commended for his gallantry. At the battle of Gettysburg he was ordered to establish a Signal station at Jack's Mountain, when he was surrounded by Rebel cavalry, and Captain Fortescue with four flagmen were made pri- soners and carried at once to Libbv Prison, thence to other Southern prisons, and finally parolled March I, 1865. At the close of the war he was appointed to a position in the PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. office of the Second and Third Streets R. R. Co., and as receiver remained in the company's employ until October, [872, when he accepted a clerkship with the Union Insurance Company, of this city, with whom he remained until 1889, when he entered the Insur- ance Brokerage business. Gen. Robert P. Dechert, after assuming his duties of City Controller, tendered Major Fortescue the position of Chief Clerk, to which he- was assigned after a very successful examination before the Civil Service Board. He was commissioned on the Division Staff of General John F. Hartranft, N. G. Pa., Chief Signal Officer, with the rank of Major, during the Governorship of Henry M. Hovt. He is a member of the G. A. R., the Loyal Legion, the Masonic Order, Gothic Lodge, No. 519, Kensington Chapter, No. 233, and Corinthian Chasseur Commandery, No. 53. JOSEPH HOLCOMB PAIST Chief Clerk of Select Council of the City of Philadelphia, is a native of Bucks county, and was born of Quaker parentage, in Lower Makefield township, October 17, 1842. After re- ceiving a fair education in the public schools of his native county, he engaged in the drug business, which however he was obliged to relinquish on account of ill health. Sub- sequently he studied law and practiced conveyancing. He resided in West Virginia for a year, where he was engaged in journalism, surveying and draughting. On his return to Philadel- phia he connected himself with 'J'he Press as a reporter, and afterwards with the German Free Press, Evening Star, Sunday Transcript, and the Morning Post, which in its day was one of the brightest of the Philadelphia dailies. He was the Secretary of the Post Publishing Company and its City Editor. He was also for years the Philadelphia corres- pondent of the New York Tri- bune, and for some time was correspondent of the Washing- ton Evening star. Mr. l'aist has been one of the most prominent workers in the cause of building and Loan Associations, and for over a year was the Editor of the Building Association Journal of this city. When the Building Association League of Peunsvlvania was organized about ten years ago, he was elected its President and has been the President ever since. He is the Secretarv of several Associations, and has received and paid out during his" official connection v, itli them over ten millions of dollars, a vast sum when it is considered that the money is received mainlv in small sums. He eujovs the confidence ot the inanv hundreds of shareholders whom lie lias faithfully served for twenty-one vears. Mr. Paist waschosen Assistant Clerk of the Select Council in 1872, and after serving as such for one year was promoted to be Chief Clerk, a position that he has now held for nearly twentv vears with entire satisfaction to the Councils and the community. layer, under whom he labored assiduously for two years. His fath- er's business meanwhile being largely increased, the son's help was required and he became his father's assistant, in which position he developed excellent business qualifications both as an expert buver and salesman, and formed a large circle of influential friends. Becoming of age the Centennial year, heideutified himself with the Republican party, since which time he has been active and con- stant in promoting its welfare. The defeat of Select Councilman Nathan Spering brought Mr. Durham into prominence and changed the political condition of things in the Seventh Ward, when he became recognized as a party leader. In 1885 Mr. Durham became a can- didate for office. Was unanimously nominated bv the Republican Convention as Police Magistrate, to which position he was elected by the handsome vote of 68,652, running fourth in a total of 15 can- didates. Judge Durham's first office was on Fifth street above Chestnut, subsequently removing to Chestnut street above Fifth street. In 1S90 lie was again unanimously nominated and led his ticket in the election with a vote of 91,776. Judge Durham is a popular official and citizen, straightforward in his manner and speech, dealing with men and officers with great good sense. EDWARD A. DEVLIN Magistrate Devlin was born in the Second Ward of this city, in 1859, and received his schoolingin thepublic schools. At an early age he began life on his own account, in the printing office of W. F. Geddes' Sons, with whom he remained until 1877, when he accepted a clerkship in Conkling's stables. In 188 1 he was elected Constable, and having removed to the Eighth Ward some time previous, he was attached to the office of Robt. R. Smith, with whom he remained until the death of that able magis- trate in December, ]Ng->. Mr. Devlin was appointed Mr. Smith's successor by Governor Beaver, January 16, 1891, to fill the unexpired term of his predecessor, and was made the regular nominee of the Repub- lican party a few days after- wards. He was elected in Feb- ruary following, by a flattering majority, fur the full term, be- ginning first Monday in April. Magistrate Devlin is in the prime of life and is a courteous, able and fearless official and has already evinced his fitness for his present responsible position, his long career as constable with Mr. Smith having especiallv qualified him for the duties of his position. He is a genial and courteous official, prompt and obliging, and gives to his duties his undivided attention. He is a member of several political associations and social organizations, and is held in high esteem in a wide circle of friends, for his per- sonal worth and official integrity and ability. His office is at 713 Sausom street. ISRAEL WILSON DURHAM Was born in Philadelphia, October 24th, 1855. He is the son of Thomas Durham, a well known Hour dealer. Young Durham received his education in the public schools of the city, entering the senior class in his fifteenth vear. After leaving school he en- tered the well known cloth house of J. B. Ellison &Co., with whom he remained but a short time; the desire to learn a trade predomi- nating with him, he became apprenticed to Silas Emory, brick- RICHARD C LLOYD Magistrate Court No. 15, was born in Philadelphia in 1N34. His father, Richard L. Lloyd, was a Philadelphian and ex-Recorder of Deeds. The family are" of Welsh descent and were among the early settlers of the Peun colonv. Thomas Lloyd was Penn's I 'eputy Governor, Keeper of the Seals and Chief Justice. Richard C. attended the public schools of this city until he was fifteen years of age, when he entered the silk house of Dunlap & Crossnian, situated then on Market street, with whom he continued until 1857, when he entered the employment of the Philadelphia ec Reading Railroad Co., which continued until the commencement of the Civil War, when he enlisted in the United States Navy, July 24, PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. 1S61, ami served under Admirals Dalhgren, Dupont and Porter. He was in the engagements at Morris Island, Hilton Head and I'ci mm dina, Fla.. and in these and many other conflicts participated in the gallant achievements of the Navy. During his service, he was ordered to the " Powhatan," which was fitted out for a cruiser in the West Indies in search of the rebel privateer, " Florida." After a cruise of some eleven months, the " Powhatan " was ordered to Hampton Roads, to join the Fort Fisher expedition under Porter. He was in both engagements against Fort Fisher. In the last he was wounded in both thighs, anil was in the hospital at Brooklyn until his time of service expired, July 24, 1865, when he was honorably discharged. Mr. Lloyd has served in the Common Council for two years from the Twenty-ninth Ward. He was appointed Deputy Sheriff, under Sheriff Wright, in 1S77, and was elected Magistrate in 18S5, and re-elected in 1890. He is a member of the Veteran Legion, Camp 73, Naval Post, and of Post No. IS G. A. R. Mr. Lloyd has conducted the duties of his office with ability, and creditably maintains a high position in his professional and social life. LEWIS EUGENE BEITLER Who was Secretary to Mayor I'itler, and is now Secretary to Mayor Stuart, having been retained in the position, was born in Philadelphia, October 4, 1S63. He is a son of Daniel B. Beitler, a well known citizen and official in his day and a brother of Abraham M. Beitler, First Assistant City Solicitor. From a child he was conspicuous for his studious habits and a desire to acquire knowl- edge. He passed through all the grades in the Public Schools with credit and distinction, and was selected to deliver the Class Oration at the Grammar Schools Commencement at the Academy of Music of Philadelphia. He afterwards completed a private course in book- keeping, stenography and typewriting, and also graduated from the Franklin Institute, Department of Drawing, and is at present a student in the Law School of the University of Pennsylvania. This theoretical education he supplemented by practical experience in its several branches, being for a time with Messrs. Thackara Sons and Company, The Pennsylvania Railroad Company, in his broth- er's Law Office, and later with the Mortgage Trust Company of Pennsylvania. When Mr. Fitler took his seat as the first Mayor under the new City Charter and the invitation was extended Mr. Beitler to become his Secretary, he was young in years for such an important position, and inexperienced in public office, but was specially equipped for its many and yaried duties by reason of his thorough business training and experience and the possession of more than a fair knowledge of the law. The position of Mayor's Secretary is by no means a sinecure, and requires abilities of a high order, varied and peculiar. The duties, while at times clerical, are more often ministerial and executive. Enjoying as he does the en- tire confidence of his Chief, Mr. Beitler is at all times the possessor of much that is of the greatest importance, and, at many times, of that about which there must be the utmost secrecy maintained. Standing between the Municipality's Chief Executive and the pub- lic, by his demeanor, judgment and discretion a favorable or un- favorable impression is made upon the minds of those who seek his Chief, and the popularity of the administration is, in a degree, affected thereby. In the absence of the Mayor, the Secretary rep- resents him in all official actions, and during Mr. Beitler 's term of service, among the many other duties, that of extending the cour- tesies and hospitality of the City to distinguished visitors, has fre- quently devolved upon him, and in all such cases he has shown marked ability and acquitted himself most creditably. Mr. Beitler is equally popular in private and social circles, as he is in those of public and official life anil takes great interest in athletic sports of all sorts, and being a young bachelor, is quite a Club man. WM. STRUMBORG STOKLEY Ex-Mayor W. S. Stokley was born in Philadelphia, April 25, 1823; his parents, at the time of his birth, residing on Spruce street, above Tenth. His father, a merchant of excellent repute, died when William was a mere youth. Mr. Stokley entered into politics actively in 1S60, in which year he was elected to Common Council from the Ninth Ward, and successively re-elected to the position. In 1S65 was chosen presi- dent of that body. Two years later, in 1S67, he was elected to the Select Council, and the following year found him its president. While holding this office Mr. Stokley clearly demonstrated his great executive ability, one of his most noted steps in reform being the re-organization of the fire department. He had been an active member of the department from youth and knew its inside secrets as well as he knew himself, having held official positions in it, part of the time as treasurer of the Harmony Fire Engine Con and as a representative of its members in the Fire Association of Philadelphia. The history of the Volunteer Fire Department of Philadelphia is part of the city's history, with which tl lis sketch has nothing to do, excepting in so far as Mr. Stokley was concerned. Its glory and honor had become sullied by the admittance into its membership of a vcrv undesirable class of citizens ; and 011 Nov. 21, [867, while president of Select Council, Mr. Stokley had introduced an ordinance reforming the service. He delivered a strong appeal in support of his measure, and the ordinance was passed. I lis attitude towards the question was severe, and it was freely predicted that his political and public career was at an end. But events proved that it was his "making." On January 16, 186S, he caused to be introduced into Common Council an ordinance which he himself had had prepared, transferring the Philadelphia Gas Works to the city, to be in charge of the Department of Gas. It passed the Com- mon branch January 23rd, on the 30th the Select, and on February 1st, it was signed by the mayor and became a law. Mr. Stokley was first elected Mayor on October 10, 187 1, and succeeded himself the three following terms. Among other measures adopted during his regime was the organization of an effective police force ; war upon gambling, lotteries, illegal liquor traffic ; he secured a special revision of the statutes; restricted the sale of liquor; the employ- ment of waiter girls ; sale of illegal medical diplomas, and effected many other reforms. His services, during the Centennial year, in suppressing vice and maintaining order, cannot be over-estimated, and foreign representatives to that great event were loud in their praise over his able management. During the great railroad strike and attending riots of 1877 he again displayed rare generalship and saved millions of dollars worth of railroad property by his bold stand and able direction of the police force. Mr. Stokley was placed in nomination at the completion of his last term as mayor, but was defeated by Samuel G. King, a Democrat. When Mayor Fitler was elected to the chief magistracy of the city he appointed Mr. Stokley his Director of the Department of Public Safety, and he continued in office during the Fitler administration. He was also Commissioner of the Fairmouut Park Commission and one of the Public Building Commissioners. Mr. Stokley has long been iden- tified with the Presbyterian church, of which he was an active member. He was married July 7, 1845, to Miss Mary A. Miller, daughter of Robert Miller, by whom he had five children — four sons and one daughter — all of whom, but one son, are living. EDWIN H. FITLER The first Mayor of Philadelphia under the New City Charter, 1S87 to 1891, was born in that city December 2, 1S25. His father, William Fitler, was a prominent tanner and leather dealer. Mr. Fitler received an academic education, and, proposing to devote himself to the practice of law, entered the office of Charles E. Lex. His inclination, however, was for mechanical pursuits, and after four years of study he entered the cordage house of George P. Weaver. His progress was rapid, and in his twenty-third year he was admitted as partner, the firm becoming George P. Weaver & Co. Owing to his inventions and improvements, the business of the firm largely increased. In 1S59 he purchased his partner's interest.the firm becoming Edwin H. Fitler & Co., now of world wide reputation. His election as President of the American Cordage Manufacturer's Association indicates the esteem in which he is held by the trade. There has never been a strike in his works ; his relations with his employees have always been most cordial and friendly. As a citizen he threw the whole weight of his influence in favor of the National cause at the outbreak of the civil war. His money, time and counsel, were freely given the Government. Mr. Fitler is a Director of the" Bank of Northern Liberties, and of the North Pennsylvania Railroad Company. He has been Vice-President of the Union League for years, up to the date ot his election as President, December, 1890. As Mayor he was, ex- officio. a Director of the Park Commission, a member of the Board of City Trusts, the Public Buildings Commission, and a Manager of the Edwin Forrest Home. In 1875 and 1876 he was a member of the Centennial Board of Finance, contributing his full share of work which made the exhibition so creditable to Philadel- phia. He was elected Mavor of Philadelphia in 1SS7, under the new charter, by which the" whole system of city government was changed, the Mayor's duties and responsibilities becoming greater than "those resting upon the chief officer of any other city of the PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA NS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. country. His career as Mayor won for him the high esteem and approval of all the best citizens irrespective of party. Mr. Fitler's name was presented by the united vote of the Philadelphia delegates to the Republican Convention, held at Chicago, 18SS, as their choice for President of the United States. RICHARD GARDINER OELLERS For several years a member of the Board of Managers of the House of Correction, and recently Treasurer of the City of Philadelphia, was born in Philadelphia, August 5, 1S43. He is the sou of James S. Oellers, an extensive grain merchant of his day, carrying 011 business at Pine street and Delaware avenue, and of Susannah H. a daughter of Dr. Richard Gardiner, who was one of the most prominent Homeopathic physicians in the city. Mr. Oellers received a liberal education in private schools, and spent his early manhood in the wholesale dry goods business. In 1870 the Public Record was established, and a position in the business department was tendered him which he accepted. He remained with that journal after its change of title and ownership, holding for a time the dual position of Treasurer and Business Manager, and is now its Business Manager. In June, 1875, he was elected by Select Council a member of the Board of Managers of the House of Correction for the unexpired term of Samuel R. Leonard, and was subsequently re-electedfor two successive terms. When the Pennsyl- vania Nautical School for the education of young seamen was originated, he was appointed one of its Directors, by Mayor Fitler, and reappointed by Mayor Stuart. In 1891, when the office of City Treasurer became vacant by the resignation of the incumbent, Mr. Oellers was elected by the County Commissioners, also by City Councils, to fill it, and held the position until the Supreme Court decided that the power of appointment was vested in the Governor, and not in the City Council, and he appointed a Democrat. It is probable, however, that at the next election the people will restore Mr. Oellers to the office for which he is eminently qualified by education, experience and uprightness of character. Mr. Oellers in past years took an active interest in Free- Masonry, and is now Past Master of Crescent Lodge, No. 493, Past High Priest of Temple Chapter, 24S, and Past Eminent Commander of St. Albans Commandery, No. 47, Knights Templar. FRANK F. BELL The first Treasurer of Philadelphia under the new City Charter and the youngest man ever elected to this responsible office, was born in Philadelphia, May 26, 1S55. He was left an orphan, by the death of his father, before he was three years old, and upon attaining the qualified age was entered as a pupil of Girard College from which he graduated with high honors in 1870. The eight-year curriculum of that institution of learning embraces those branches which qualify a man especially for business pursuits. After his graduation, Mr. Bell entered upon the study of archi- tecture in the office of Prof. Richards of the University of Pennsyl- vania, but left this to accept a clerkship with the Allison Car Man- ufacturing Co., and having a special aptitude for accounts he was rapidly promoted. An opportunity presenting itself, he accepted a position of trust in the office of the Receiver of Taxes, where he made a reputation in conducting the investigation into the affairs of that department which led to his future advancement. He was afterwards tendered the position of Chief of the State Department in the office of the City Treasurer and accepted it. This brought him prominently into public favor and resulted eventually in mak- ing him the nominee of the Republican part}- for the office of City Treasurer, culminating in his election over one of the leading busi- ness men of the city, by a popular majority of 21,106. He filled the position for the years 1S86-S7 and 8.8, handling and faithfully accounting for over twenty millions of dollars annually, and as the new Constitution prohibits consecutive terms, he retired with an unblemished name and an established reputation. Mr. Bell now resides in a beautiful mansion on the Delaware River at Bristol, Penna., and is actively engaged in real estate and building operations and is also interested in the Board of Manage- ment of a number of corporations including Trust, Electric Light, Insurance and Land Companies. GEORGE G. PIERIE Ex-Recorder of Deeds, was born in Philadelphia, November 4, 1838. He is of French Huguenot descent, his ancestors were driven from France at the time of the Edict of Nantes, settled in Scotland, from which country their descendants emigrated to this country. His father, William S. Pierie was a native of Philadelphia. His mother was Elizabeth Gorgas, of a well known Quaker family of the city. Mr. Pierie was educated at the public schools, graduating from die Hancock School at the age of sixteen. After leaving school he entered the Dry Goods house of H. & J. A. Campbell, remaining there four years. When twenty years of age he became the Com- mercial Editor of the Press, then just started by Col. John.W. For- uev. He retained this position for about eighteen years, which he resigned to accept a position made vacant by his father's death, of Commercial Editor of the North American. He had in 1866 been elected Secretary of the Commercial Exchange, previously acting as Assistant Secretary. ■ He was annually re-elected Secretary of the Exchange until 18S5, when he resigned, and severed his con- nection with the North American and other papers for which he had to a considerable extent furnished matter for their money articles, to enter upon his duties as Recorder of Deeds. In politics Mr. Pierie has always been a staunch Republican. In i860 he was a Lieutenant in the Curtin Guards "Wide Awake" organization. At the outbreak of the war he enlisted as a private soldier on the morning President Lincoln's proclamation calling for seventy- five thousand men was issued. He was one of the first to sign the roll for service, in Company S, 17th Regiment Pennsylvania Vol- unteers, Col. Frank Patterson. He was in the campaign under General Patterson in Virginia. Upon the expiration of his term of service, he re-entered upon his duties in the Press Office and in the Commercial Exchange. In 18S4 Mr. Pierie received the nomination of Recorder of Deeds by the Republican Party and was elected by a majority of thirty thousand. In the fall of 18S7 he was re-elected to the same office, his term expiringjan. 1, 7S91. He is a member of the George G. Meade Post, No. 1, G. A. R., the Union League, the Union Re- publican, the Young Republicans, and other political clubs ; the Clover Club, St. Andrews Society, and the Stylus Club. Sept. 29, 1863, he married Miss Virginia J. Hist daughter of the late James Hist of Philadelphia. Mrs. Pierie died in 1S7S. He has resided at 1339 Thompson street for the last twenty years. WILLIAM F. McCULLY An ex-member of the Board of Fire Commissioners, and a prominent Democrat, was born in Philadelphia, December 8, 1839. His father, James McCully, was one of the Commissioners of South- wark and a member of the School Board of his Ward, noted for the interest he took in the public school system of education. After passing through the Locust Street Grammar School and entering the Central High School, young McCully was apprenticed, at the age of sixteen, to Elias J. Hincken, one of the proprietors of the Sunday Dispatch, to learn the trade of pressman. When he had mastered the business he was placed in charge of the press-room and remained until 1S59, when he accepted a similar position on the Evening Bulletin. With this journal he has continued until the present time, advancing from foreman of the press-room to be business manager, and for nearly twenty years has been part proprietor. While yet a lad Mr. McCully became a member of the Hibernia Fire Engine Company, and was subsequently its recorder and treasurer. Upon the formation of the honorary association, called the " Old Guard," he was made president, and he is also president of the Hibernia Fire Company, which still continues its organiza- tion. When the paid fire department was established in 1870 he was elected by the Councils a member of the Board of Fire Com missioners, and re-elected for a succeeding term. Mr. McCully was one of the organizers of the Americus Club and its secretary for many years. He has also been a prominent member of the Masonic Order, being a Past Master of his Lodge, No. 155, a Knight Temp- lar and a member of the Consistory. WILLIAM B. GILL A member of the State Board of Charities and an ex-member of the Board of Education, is a native and life- long resident of Phila- delphia, where he was born December 27, 1847. He is a self-made man, having had few advantages of early education, and began his business career as a messenger boy for the American Telegraph Company. In 1S63 he was promoted to be "dummy boy" and went steadily forward and upward through the various grades of the service until 1866 when he was placed in charge of the Commercial News Department of the Western Union, under Superintendent David Brooks. The quotations of the department were prepared PHILADELPHIA -1X1) /'(VTA A A' />////. .!/>/■:/. /'///, 1XS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. by him with great care and promptness ami sent out several times a day by a messenger, there being no Corn Exchange as now. When Mr. I >. H. Bates succeeded Mr. Brooks as Superintendent of the district, he appointed Mr. Gill Assistant I lelivery Clerk, and his promotion after that was rapid, from Assistant Ca-hier under Mr. William Carley to Chief Clerk of the Superintendent, James Merrihew, then Assistant Superintendent, and when Mr. Merrihew was transferred to be Assistant General Superintendent of the Western Union Company, at New York, Mr. Gill was appointed to fill the duties of Superintendent of the Sixth District ad inl, rim. Feeling aggrieved that he had been overlooked in the appointment of a Superintendent which followed the consolidation of the com- panies in 1881, he at once resigned his position and entered into a contract to construct the Bankers' and Merchants' Telegraph Line between Philadelphia and New York, which, in spite of many obstacles, he accomplished in four months. Upon the completion of this contract he entered into another to erect a line from Phila- delphia to Pittsburgh for the American Rapid Company, which was finished during the following winter. In April, 1882, Mr. Gill became Manager of the Mu- tual Union Telegraph Com- pany at Philadelphia, but this position he resigned in a few months to accept the superin- tendency of the Delaware and Atlantic Telegraph and Tele- phone Company. When the Superintendent of the Sixth District of the Western Union Telegraph Company, who had been appointed after the con- solidation referred to, resigned, Mr. Gill became his successor and now has charge of the Western Union's interests in all the territory between Jersey City and the Potomac river, and as far west as Altoona, Pa. , including the cities of Phila- delphia, Harrisburgh, Balti- more and Washington. Besides his connection with the cor- porations hefore mentioned he is a director in a large number of local telegraph companies in the outlying cities and towns of his district and is Vice- President of the Philadelphia Bell Telephone Company. In 1888 Mr. Gill was ap- pointed by the Board of Judges as a member of the Board of Public Education from the Thirty-second section and held it until his removal from the Ward. In 18S9 he was ap- pointed a Commissioner from the State of Pennsylvania to the Paris Exposition and re- centlv he was appointed by the Governor a member ot the State Board of Charities. Philadelphia in the autumn of 1871, and very soon thereafter he was conceded a standing as an attorney of considerable knowledge, admirable power, and ceaseless application. Among his earliest clients was the firm of Gould & Co., with whom he began his career, a charge he holds to this day. About the time he began the practice of law, he embarked in politics and quickly became a leading factor in the Republican party. In 1872 he was chosen president of the district organization of his neighborhood, an honor conferred for his active and suc- cessful participation in the memorable Greeley campaign. Two years later he was urged to accept a nomination for the Legis- lature, which in his district was equal to an election, but he declined. In 1876, however, he consented to the use of his name, and was elected State Senator from the Seventh District, under the new four-vear tenure provision of the New Constitution, and his majoritv was greater than his party's. He entered the Senate the youngest man in the body, but his ability soon placed him among the older members. He was re-nominated in 1S80 without oppo- sition and elected, of course. During his second term he signalized his fitness for leadership, by saving to his party, and the State, a United States Senator. It was a mas- terpiece of diplomacy, and gave to Mr. Grady command- ing influence thereafter. To show their confidence in him, the Republican leaders entrusted him with a mission to General Garfield, then Presi- dent-elect, and so favorable an impression did he make upon the General, that, after the in- auguration, he was offered the Surveyorship of the Port of Philadelphia, by the President, which, however, was refused, Mr. Grady preferring to con- tinue in the Senate. He was one of the delegates selected by the Legislature to represent Pennsylvania at the Yorktown Centennial Celebration. He was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee of the Senate for eight years. Among the most important services, while at the head of the Committee, was the adoption of a bill which pre- vented detectives from seizing citizens, and dragging them to another State, without process of law, or accountability to the laws of the State, of the in- jured citizen. He was re- B. Gill elected to a third term, and later was chosen President pro t,ui. of the Senate in 18S7, and re-elected to the same office in 1S89. At the expiration of his present term as Senator, he will have served sixteen years in that office. JOHN C. GRADY The career of John C. Grady is doubly interesting, in that, through ordinary chances and unadvantageous surroundings, he has carved a way to high position. His life has been a busy one from its beginning. He was born in Eastport, Maine, October S, 1847, an d was the eldest son of an industrious, hard-working father I who was possessed of very limited means, I and an intelligent Puritan mother, who in early life was a school-teacher. Under her careful training, Mr. Grady received a good education, which he improved by close application to all English branches and general observation. Practically his career began in Philadelphia as a bookkeeper in the employ of Gould & Co. But the young man had another profession in view, even before engaging with the above firm, and at nights, after he had balanced the day's accounts, instead of seeking pleasures and amusements, he would return to his room and devote long hours to the acquirement of the rudi- ments of law. He was admitted to practice in the courts of HENRY K. BOYER Mr. Boyer was born at Evausburg, Montgomery county, Pa., Februarv 1*9, 1850, and received his education in the common schools of his native town and in Freelaud Seminary (now Ursinus College). Upon leaving that institution Mr. Boyer entered upon the duties of a school teacher, which profession he followed for six vears, during the last three of which he was principal of the Kaighn's Point Grammar School, Camden, N. J. This position he resigned, having decided to adopt law as his permanent profession, and entered the office of the late ex-Attorney-General Benjamin Harris Brewster, with whom he read law. He was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in November, 1873, and since then has followed the practice of his profession, his practice being a general civil practice, the occasions upon which he has consented to appear in the criminal courts being exceedingly rare. His practice includes considerable office business, transactions of a mercantile character and relating to real estate, and while they have been frequently of PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. POPULAR OFFICIALS. great importance they possessed no element of public interest. Mr. Boyer is an able and warm exponent of the doctrines of the Republican part}-, but did not enter active politics until the spring of 1882. In the fall of 18S2 he was elected upon the Republican ticket a member of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania to represent the Seventh District of Philadelphia, by a handsome majority. His work in the House was so satisfactory that his con- stituents re-elected him, by an increased majority, in 1S84, and again in 1886 was he sent as the representative of the Seventh Dis- trict. At the nominating convention in 1S8S he was unanimously endorsed for another term, to which he was elected without trouble. In 1887 he was elected Speaker of the House by the Republicans, and has filled that trying and responsible position with great ability and impartiality. Mr. Boyer's political career has been as clean and prominent as his work at the Bar has been brilliant and successful. In 1889 he was re-elected Speaker. On both occasions he received the unani- mous vote of his party, both in caucus and in the House. In 18S9 his election was made unanimous, the first instance of the kind ill this State. In 1889 ne was unanimously nominated for the office of State Treasurer, and received a majority at the polls of 60,926, though an " off year," and that the only State office to be filled. He is the author of the New Revenue Act of 1 89 1, which passed by a handsome majority in each House without the necessity of a conference committee. By training and inheritance, Mr. Penrose is devoted to his pro- fession, the law, and is engaged in active practice in partnership with S. Davis Page and Edward P. Allinson, the firm being Page, Allinson and Penrose. Their offices are in the Drexel Building. BOIES PENROSE The father of Boies Penrose is Dr. R. A. F. Penrose, LL.D., who was for thirty years Pro- fessor of Obstetrics and the Diseases of Women and Chil- dren in the University of Penn- sylvania. He was educated at the Episcopal Academy in Philadelphia, and by private tutors; and, at the early age of sixteen years, entered Har- vard College. He graduated in 1881 with honors, and was selected as one of the orators at Commencement. After leaving college he studied law in the office of Waj-ne Mac- Veagh and George Tucker Bispham, and was admitted to the Bar of Philadelphia in 18S3. He was elected in 1884 to represent the Eighth Ward of Philadelphia in the Penn- sylvania House of Representa- tives, as a Republican. In the session of 1885 he was active in securing the passage of the Act, providing a new government for Philadelphia, commonly known as the Bullitt Bill. In 1SS6 Mr. Penrose was elected to represent the Sixth Dis- trict in the State Senate. Among the many subjects that Mr. Pen- rose took an active part in, were those relating to the questions of railroad discrimination, revenue, and taxation. He served as a delegate to the convention that nominated Edwin H. Fitler for the first Mayor of Philadelphia under the Bullitt charter. In con- junction with his law partner, Edward P. Allinson, wrote a historv of the government of the City of Philadelphia, entitled, " Philadel- phia — A History of Municipal Development. " Senator Boies Penrose was actively identified with the celebration of the Constitutional Centennial in Philadelphia, in September, 1S87. He introduced in the State Senate the resolution providing for the participation of the State of Pennsylvania in the ceremonies, and offered the amendment increasing the appropriation for the com- memoration. Mr. Penrose takes an active interest in the Repub- lican party. He is frequently a delegate to the State and County Conventions, and is a member of many of the organizations of the party. He is a member of the Union League, Union Republican Club, Young Republican Club, First Regiment N. G. P., Clover Club and other political and social clubs and associations. Boies Penrose THOMAS V. COOPER Collector of Customs of the Port of Philadelphia, was born at Cadiz, Jefferson county, Ohio, January 16, 1S35. His father, Dr. J. W. Cooper, formerl}' of West Chester, Pa., in the same year remov- ed from Ohio to Chester. Mr. Cooper was educated in the public schools of West Chester and Philadelphia. At sixteen he was ap- prenticed to Evans & Vernon of the Wilmington Republican, and with whom he soon mastered the printer's art. Before he was twenty he entered into partnership with Dr. D. A. Vernon in the publication of the Delaware American. This he continued until the beginning of the Civil War, when he aided in raising Company F, 4th Pennsylvania Regiment, Col. John F. Hartranft. He was elected and served as First Lieutenant for the term of en- listment. In 1862 he again enlisted in Company C, 26th Pennsylvania Volunteers, as private, and served until the close of the war. He was in many of the battles of the Peninsula, Virginia and Penn sylvania until after Gettvsburg, when he was detailed by order of Secretarv Stanton to take charge of the Government printing office at Camp Distri- bution. He was offered by Mr. Stanton the position of Super- intendent of the Bureau of Military Printing but declined. On his discharge and return home, he entered the office of the American as partner of Dr. Vernon. At an early age he took an interest in politics. In i860 he went to the Chicago Con- vention as an alternate. In 1869 he was elected to the As- sembly. In 1S70 he was again a candidate, but through the opposition of State Senator H. Jones Brooke he was defeated. In 1S71 he again took the stump and overcoming all op- position was again sent to the Assembly. In 1S72 he declined the nomination. In 1S73 he contested the nomination for the State Senate with his an- tagonist Mr. Brooke, and obtained it, and was subsequently elected. In 1S76 he was elected State Senator from Delaware county almost without a contest. Ill 1880, after an animated contest, he received the nomination agaiu and was re-elected. After his second term in the Assembly he took an active part in the proceedings and was engaged in many memorable legislative contests. In both House and Senate Mr. Cooper has been connected with a great many important legislative measures. In 1S76 he was the leader of the Republican side. In 1S78 he was elected Speaker of the Senate and re-elected in 1879. He was chosen Chairman of the State Committee in 1881. Mr. Cooper possesses great energy of character, complete con- trol of himself in facing any difficulties. He is kind-hearted and charitable, making friends readily, who learn to regard him highly. He is the author of a work entitled "American Politics," which has had a large sale and is valuable in many respects. Since 18S2 he has served as State Senator and Chairman of the Republican State Committee. In 1889 he was appointed Collector of Customs for Philadelphia by President Harrison. Since 1864 his name and his life have been crowded with political events and his name is a household word throughout Peunsylvania. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. HENRY F. WALTON Representative from the Twenty-ninth District. Although only thirty-three years old, Mr. Walton has already clearly demon- strated that -when he chose to adopt law as his profession he made no mistake. He is without doubt one of our ablest lawyers and most promising legislators. He was born in Stroudsburg, Monroe county, Pa., October 2. [858, and came to this city with his parents in the following year. After having been educated in the public- schools and by private tutors he entered the law office of Hon. Wayne MacVeagh and George Tucker Bispham, Esq., and was shortly after- wards appointed assistant librarian of the Law Library by Mr. Bispham. In 1876 he was registered as a student of law under that gentleman, and in the meantime was a prominent member and offi- cer of the Law Academy. Two days after his twenty-first birthday, 1 lctober4, 1879, he was admitted to the Bar, and immediately entered the office of Francis Rawle, Esq. In April, 18S4, when Charles F. Warwick became City Solicitor, that gentleman, in recognition of Mr. Walton's abilities, appointed him as one of his assistants and has retained his service ever since. In November, 1890, Mr. Walton was elected to the Legislature from the Twenty- seventh District, which com- prises the Twenty-eighth and Thirty-second Wards of Phila- delphia. This is the way the Record, that staunch Demo- cratic daily, speaks of Mr. Walton, who, of course, is a Republican : " Eloquence is not the only characteristic of ability which Walton possesses. He is a born parliamentarian and can hold the House in bet- ter command than any other member whom Speaker Thom- son has called to the chair. He has a dignified manner that befits a presiding officer. Dur- ing the session he has given his attention to general legis- lation with marked industry and ability." For twelve years Mr. Wal- ton has been a popular resident of the Twenty-eighth and Thirty-second Wards, an ac- tive worker in the Republican ranks, and has performed yeo- man's service therein. Before he had attained his majority he made a brilliant address in favor of James A. Garfield's candidacy, and since that time he has been a prominent and pleasing stump orator. Mr. Walton is a prominent and influential member of many fraternal [organizations. He is a charter member of the Young Republicans, and his name is upon the rolls of several political organizations. He was married in 1882 to Ella G. Norman, of Baltimore. His family consists of his wife and two daughters. iness and for several years he was an efficient and successful com- mercial traveller. His entrance into political Lifi ;i 1.S77 when he was appointed Clerk in the City Treasurer's office, a posi- tion that he resigned the following year to accept thai of Chief Clerk in the Recorder's office from which he was promoted to be Deputy Recorder. In 1880, Gov. Hoyt appointed him 1 Philadelphia County to fill the unexpired term of Dr. W. Kent Gilbert deceased, and upon the election of Dr. Jannev in the suc- ceeding year he was appointed Deputy Coroner. In 188} the people elected him Coroner by an exceptional majority, and lor three years he filled the office with credit to himself and satisfac- tion to the community. Declining a re-election for personal reasons, he afterwards accepted the position of Deputy Coroner under Coroner Ashbridge, which he held until November 22, 1889, when President Harrison appointed him Naval Officer of the Cus- toms. During his incumbency he has introduced several reforms, especially in the keeping of the records, and the Naval office in Philadelphia, as a controller of the Custom House, now ranks with that of New York. Politically Mr. Powers is a staunch Republican, and has represented the party in nu- merous local and State con- ventions. Twice he has been elected a delegate to National Conventions, and he is one of the famous " 306 " who in the Convention held in Chicago in 1SS0, persistently and tena- ciously voted for Gen. Grant for a third term. -—**,. Henry F. Walton THOMAS J. POWERS Naval Officer of the Customs, was born in Ireland, January 10, 1S45, but came to Philadelphia with his parents when he was live years of age. He was educated in the public schools, and while a lad obtained employment in the book publishing house of Hayes & Zell, then at Fifth and Market streets. He had not attained his seventeenth year when the civil war broke out, but he enlisted in the Forty-ninth Regiment, Pennsylvania Yolunteers, and served in that and other regiments throughout the war, in fact beyond its close, for he was not finally discharged until September, 1S65. His army record is a highly honorable one. He participated in four- teen battles, including the Second Bull Run, Sudley Spring Road and Chantilly. At Bolivar, Tennessee, while in a cavalry charge, he had his horse shot from under him and he himself was wounded. After his retirement from the army he engaged in mercantile bus- PETER LANE, Jr. Now Deputy Naval Officer for the Port of Philadelphia, was born in this city, July 27, 1837. He passed through all the grades in the public schools in the vicinity of his birth- place, commencing with the old Walnut street school, until he entered the Central High School. His clerical career began with Hurst & Brobdon, Notaries Public, and after leav- ing them, served for three years in the Girard Bank, the latter part of the time as indi- vidual book-keeper. When the Rebellion broke out he entered the Union Army as First Lieutenant in the Third Pennsylvania Cav- alry, which he left, to accept the Adjutancy of the Fifth Pennsylvania Cavalry, then known as the "Cameron Dra- goons." In the latter part of the year 1S62, he was appointed Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue, under J. Fletcher Budd, and served in that capacity and as special officer, until 1870, when he was appointed State Clerk, under Peter A. B. Widener, City Treasurer elect, who entered upon the duties of this office at once, to fill out the unexpired term of his predecessor. Mr. Lane held the office of State Clerk for five years, and when Delos P. South- worth succeeded to the office, he became Chief Clerk. Meanwhile in 1874. he was elected l>v City Councils, iu joint session, a mem- ber of the Board of Guardians of the Poor, anil served as such for eight years, six of that time as their Treasurer. Two years of his life, before receiving this appointment as Deputy Naval Officer, were spent iu Idaho Territory in mining enterprises. Mr. I„aue is a man of fine presence, courteous manners, and of large experience in public aifairs. ELLERY P. INGHAM Special Deputy Collector of Customs, was born iu Bradford County, Pennsylvania, on December 22, 1856. He is the Judge Thomas J. Ingham, of La Porte, Pa. Mr. Ingham received his earlv education in the public schools of the district in which he PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PH f LA DELPHI ANS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. resided, which was followed by a course in the Susquehanna Collegiate Institution, at Towanda, Pa., and in the University of Pennsylvania. From the latter institution he was graduated, in June, 1877, with the degree of LL. B. He read law with Joseph A. and Henry G. Clay, of this city, and ou his admission to the Bar, in September. 1S77, at once began the practice of his profess- ion in the courts of Sullivan County. Mr. Ingham took an active part in the politics of his country, his convictions leading him to the Republican party, and when quite a young man acquired considerable distinction as a public speaker. He represented his district at several of the State Con- ventions, and in 1888 was unanimously chosen as a delegate to the National Convention, from the counties of Northumberland, Columbia, Montour and Sullivan. In July, 1SS9, when President Harrison selected Hon. Thomas V. Cooper, for the position of Collector of Customs of Philadelphia, that official tendered Mr. Ingham the important position of Special Deputy Collector. Since entering upon the duties of his office, he has had charge, under the direction of the Collector, of the varied interests repre- senting the commerce of the port. Mr. Ingham is a striking example of that sturdy race of Penusylvanians who have made their mark in the learned professions, and who have fig- ured extensively in the politics of the State. He has written a number of comprehensive and forcible articles on a pro- tective tariff, in its application to the interests of the laboring classes, and has brought out, in this respect, the most striking principles of the Republican party. At the close of his term of office, it is very likely he will remain in the city, and engage in the active practice of his profession. HAMILTON DISSTON One of the Park Commis- sioners, an ex-Fire Commis- sioner and an extensive manu- facturer and land owner, was born in Philadelphia, August 23, 1844. He is the eldest son of Henry Disston, deceased, who came to this country from England in 1S33, a poor boy, and died ill 1878 the proprietor of an establishment employing 2000 men, and acknowledged to be the largest saw manu- facturing works in the United States and probably in the Hamiltc world. The history of this remarkable man, who achieved his great success by his own in- dustry and genius, is recorded in many biographical works. Hamilton received no other scholastic education than that afforded by the public schools, and at the proper age entered his father's establishment to learn the business of making saws and files, and worked there regular hours as the other apprentices did, receiving no special favor or encouragement. His progress in acquir- ing the art was slightly interrupted by the breaking out of the Civil War, for the sounds of martial music were irresistible, and twice he ran away and enlisted, but was taken out of the army by his father who, though he contributed large sums to the Union cause and equipped at his own expense a company for the field, did not believe that boys were proper material for Union soldiers. At the expira- tion of his apprenticeship he took an active interest in the manage- ment of the business for several years, and in 1S7S was taken into partnership by his father. After' his father's decease the concern was incorporated and he was made its President, a position he has held ever since. In 1S77, while on a pleasure tour to Florida, he was impressed with the natural advantages of that State for raising the staples of commerce, and a few years afterward was induced to engage in an enterprise that has made him the largest land owner in the United States. Having organized the Florida Laud and Improvement Company, he purchased from the State in June, 1SS1, four million acres of land selected from the twelve million acres belonging to the State, and paid for it the sum of one million dollars in cash, which relieved the State from its indebtedness. This purchase of a realm larger than some of the principalities of Europe attracted the atten- tion of English capitalists who also made large investments, led to the formation of other land and railway companies, gave a great impulse to immigration, and set in motion undertakings that have vastly increased the population and wealth of Florida. Shortly after having made this purchase he engaged in another and still more important enterprise by contracting with the State Board of Internal Improvement to drain, by means of navigable canals and ditches, "the swamp and overflowed " land belonging to the State, on conditions of receiving a transfer deed of even- alternate section of all the land reclaimed. This led to the formation of the "Atlantic and Gulf Coast Canal and Okeechobee Land Company," which has not only drained millions of acres of land of inexhaustible fertilitv, peculiarly adapted to the raising of sugar, rice, sea island cotton, and tropical fruits, but has afforded the settlers in the dryer lands of Southern Florida an oppor- tunity they have heretofore lacked of sending their prod- ucts to markets. Vast tracts of land that for ages were worthless and miasmatic are now healthy and extraordin- arily productive. Hamilton Disston may be called the Father of Florida. Politically Mr. Disston is an ardent Republican, and though he has never held any official position, excepting that of Park Commissioner, and Fire Commissioner, to which he was elected because of the active interest he has taken in the old Volunteer Fire Depart- ment, he is, nevertheless, a power in the politics of his native city. How many per- sons he has aided to place in positions of trust and profit, and how many others he has befriended in various ways perhaps he himself does not know. Unostentatious in his deportment, genial in manner, sincere in his friendships, lib- eral and charitable, Mr. Diss- ton may worthily be called a " Popular Philadelphia!!." ALONZO SHOTWELL Ex-member of Select Council, and for many years prominently identified with the transportation interests of Philadelphia, was born in Mon- mouth county, New Jersey, March 17, 1844. He is a descendant from well-known Quaker and Knickerbocker stock. After receiving a preliminary education in the schools and academics of his native county, he became a student at Fort Edward Institute, in the State of New Vork, where he remained for several years. On attaining his majority he came to Philadelphia, and entered the freight office of the Camden & Ainboy Railroad, as a clerk. At that time and for several years afterward no arrange- ments had been effected between connecting transportation com- panies for giving shippers through rates and bills of lading, and there was no organized system of transferring freight from one rail- road to another, or from railroads to steamboats and steamships on a through rate basis. Mr. Shotwell, though at that time only an employee of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, resigned his position and sat himself to work to remedy this great disadvantage, and was the prime mover in organizing the present system which has saved to the merchants of Philadelphia millions of dollars. During his connection with the transportation interests and whilst originating, formulating and inaugurating the system that placed Philadelphia merchants on an equal footing with their competitors in New Vork for the Soutn, Southwest and Pacific Slope business, making rates the same from both cities and forcing competing lines PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. to establish Philadelphia agencies and adopt his new method of securing patronage for their respective companies, viz: through rates and bills of lading, covering connecting lines and all transfers from points of shipment to points of destination, he had Morgan's Philadelphia & New York Outside Line put on between the two cities as a leverage to help bring about the present results. He also established the transfer firm of L. D. Crosmoud & Co., and at one time was Agent for the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, Union Pacific Railroad Company, Houston & Texas Railway Company, General Trans-Atlantic Steamship Company (French Line), Mor- gan's Louisiana & Texas Railroad and Steamship Company and its connecting railroads in Texas and Louisiana, also the Southern Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad Companies. At present he only retains his interest in the transfer business of L. D. Crosmoud & Co. When the Great Centennial Exhibition was projected. Mr. Shotwell was elected Chairman of the Committee on Transportation, to secure funds for the Exhibition, and was one of the most earnest and indefatigable workers to promote the success of the enterprise. When Machinery Hall was finished he suggested and with others organized a preliminary dem- onstration, which took place on July 4, 1875, and was at- tended by more than a hundred thousand people. Over three thousand school children were transported to the Park and a collation provided for them in the Hall, free of cost. Great tanks and puncheons were procured from the brewers, filled with ice and placed at convenient points in the Park, for the refreshment of the vis- itors. This was a monster demonstration ably managed, and foreshadowed the success of the Exhibition in the fol- lowing year. Mr. Shotwell was one of the principal factors in abol- ishing the Harbor Master fee system in Philadelphia, and having the position salaried. He obtained a decision from the United States Treasury Department in 1877, that the employees of the Life Saving Service of our Coast, who were claiming salvage on merchan- dise recovered from a jetti- soned cargo off Cape May, were not entitled to additional remuneration, as they were paid by the Government to save both life and property, virtually revolutionizing the Life Saving rules as previously understood and applied. In 1878 Mr. Shotwell, as Master of Transportation, had charge of the shipping of the Ameri- can exhibits to the Paris Exposition, and in 1S82 he was one of the Bi-Centennial Committee that labored indefatigably to promote the celebration which took place to commemorate the city's two hundredth birthday. In politics, Mr. Shotwell has always been a Republican. In February, 1NS1, he was elected as a member of the Select Council from the Fifth Ward, running as an Independent against two oppo- nents, one a Democrat, the other a Republican, and during his term of office pursued an entirely independent course. Mr. Shot- well has a splendid physique, great alertness of mind and direct- ness of action, and is well qualified to serve in almost any position where executive ability is demanded. He is acknowledged to be an authority in his business, as well as a man of practical ideas, and a man of affairs. received a common school and academic education, and was bis father's assistant in business. In 1862 he enlisted as a private sol- dier in Company E, One Hundred and Thirtieth Regiment, Penn- sylvania Volunteers, and on the organization of the cornpan elected and commissioned Second Lieutenant. The regiment was assigned to the Second Army Corps. Before the battle of Antie- tam Lieutenant Marshall was appointed Regimental Adjutant, and acted as such at that engagement. During the campaign he con- tracted disabilities which disabled him for further active duty, Ik was ordered to the hospital, from which he w : as discharged and returned to private life. He soon entered into the business of tan- ner in Huntingdon county, which he continued until 18S0 when he was elected Representative to the State Legislature. In 1882 he was appointed Deputy Surveyor of the Port of Philadelphia, serving four years under Surveyors Nevin and Le- land. In Angus! , 1889, he was appointed Deputy Collector of the Port, which position he now holds. He is a member of G. A. R. Post 149, Media, Pa. In 1 S66 he was married to Miss Elizabeth Gratz, daughter of Simon Gratz, Esq., of Hunt- ingdon county, by whom he has one son. AtONZO Shotwell H. CLAY MARSHALL Deputy Collector United States Customs, was born in Bloom- field, Perry county, Pa., December iS, 1S38. His father, James Marshall, was a well-known and successful tanner. He retired from business in 1S60 and removed to Carlisle in 1863. Mr. Marshall JOSIAH GRANVILLE LEACH The United States A] - praiser at the Port of Phila- delphia, is descended from several of the oldest American families and has in his veins some of the best blood of New England. His ancestor, Law- rence Leach, a descendant of John Leche, surgeon to King Edward the III, arrived in Massachusetts with Rev. Fran- cis Higginson in 1629, became a planter, and, according to a historian, he held many im- portant offices, and the useful- ness of his life gained respect for his metni iry. His ancestor, William Manning, the son of a Boston merchant, in 1676, by appointment of the Colo- nial Government, directed the erection of the first Harvard Hall, and collected and dis- bursed the money raised for its construction, and, John Wash- burne, another ancestor, was the Secretary of the Massa- chusetts Bay Company before Governor Winthrop brought over the charter of the Com- pany. Three of his great- grandfathers, Ensign Lemuel Leach. Captain Israel Manning and Rev. Joseph Smallidgc served in the Revolutionary army, and the fourth Jotham Ball, as a boy witnessed the engagement at Concord, April 19, 1775. Colonel Leach was born July 27, 1842, in Cape May Court House, New Jersey, where his father, Rev. J. S. Leach, had already settled. After a classical education he entered journalism, and continued a prolific writer until the summer of 1862, when he enlisted in the army, remaining there until the ensuing summer, serving as sergeant, sergeant-major, and lieutenant in the Twenty- fifth New Jersey Volunteers, and receiving his first promotion for gallant conduct' in the battle of Fredericksburg. For some months previous to his military service he devoted his entire leisure time in organizing soldier's aid societies, by which means be was instru- mental in providing a large amount of clothing and hospital stores for the relief of the sick and wounded. On leaving the army he began the study of the law, was graduated LL-B. by the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, and in March, 1S66, was admitted to the Bar in this citv, where be has since continued the practice of his pro- fession. During the summer of 1S65 he organized and edited the Cape May Daily Wave. He has taken an active part in every political campaign since his nineteenth year, when lie took the stump in support of the election of Lincoln and Hamlin. He is said to have been the PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA**. POPULAR OFFICIALS. first to formally present Mr. Blaine's name for the Presidency. In the fall of 1875 he was chosen to the Legislature from the Seventh District of Philadelphia, and became a prominent member of the House of Representatives. Although urged to return to the House with assurances that he would be chosen Speaker, he de- clined a re-nomination and became a candidate for the Senate, but failed of a nomination. Owing to the warm interest manifested in the laboring classes while member of the Legislature, he was nominated for that body in 1S7S by the Greenback Labor Party, which honor he declined. Colonel Leach was one of the leaders in the Independent Re- publican movement of 1881-2 in this State. By appointment of Governor Beaver, April, 1887, he became a member of his staff, and Commissary General of the National Guards of Pennsylvania. When President Harrison came into office a movement was on foot, with strong political and social backing, to secure the appoint- ment of Colonel Leach as Minister to Switzerland, but before his claims had been presented to the President, the mission was filled by the appointment of his kinsman Colonel Washburue of Massachusetts. Afterwards, on the iSth of March, 1S89, he was appointed by the President Appraiser at this Port, and his management of the office has been such as to warrant a prominent Treas- ury official to declare him " the best Appraiser in the Govern- ment service." Colonel Leach has long devoted much of his time to literary pursuits, chiefly of a genealogical, biographical and historical character, and is said to possess a larger knowledge of the origin of American fami- lies than any one in the coun- try. While historiographer of the Historical Society of Penn- sylvania, he contributed sev- eral hundred sketches of Pennsylvania to " Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biog- raphy," which contributions were more numerous than those of any other writer out- side of the editorial staff, and he is now giving his leisure hours to the preparation of a Cyclopedia of Pennsylvania Biography. He is historian of the Pennsylvania Society of the Sons of Revolution, as well as one of its founders, and Treasurer of the Philadelphia Chapter of the American Folk Lore Society. He is also a member of the American Academy of Social and Political Science, the Civil Service Reform Association, the Athenaeum and several other bodies. 1880. In 18S2 Judge F. Dver, then Secretary of the United States Treasury, appointed him Examiner of Customs, which position he held and filled with ability and in a manner satisfactory to the mer- chants of the city and the department, and which was well attested by the immense petition of the merchants of Philadelphia, in their recommendation to President Harrison for his appointment as Appraiser of this Port. Mr. Clarke had become the Chief Examiner of the Customs at the time of his appointment as Assistant Appraiser, and is regarded as one of the best posted men in the service, both in his general knowledge and in his familiarity with the law and the decisions of the department. He was one of the early Republicans of Philadel- phia, and has been a steadfast supporter of his party. His residence is in the Thirteenth Ward. DANIEL CLARKE Assistant Appraiser United States Customs, at Philadelphia, was born in Aunville, Lebanon county, Pa., in 1S35. He is of Scotch- Irish descent and his ancestors were among the first settlers of the Paxtong and Derry colony. His father, Walter Clarke, was twice Commissioner of Lebanon county, and was Captain of the Aunville Guards, a company celebrated in the military annals of the State. Mr. Clarke received his education in the public schools of Lebanon and in the Lebanon Valley Academy, after which he became the book-keeper for the Cornwall Iron Works, one of the largest iron establishments in the State. After two years of service he resigned that position and coming to this city enlisted in the old house of Brooks & Fuller, dealers in fancy dry goods and notions, on Third street, and on the retirement of this firm became their successor and owner of the business, which he successfully conducted for twelve years. He represented the Thirteenth I listrict in the Legislature of Pennsylvania during the session of 1S79 and JOHN J. R1DGWAY This able official and popular citizen, Surveyor of Customs for the Port of Philadelphia, was born in that city, October 22, 1843, of one of Pennsylvania's oldest and most honored fami- lies, and his father was the late Thomas Ridgway, who is re- membered as the estimable President of the Girard Life Insurance, Annuity and Trust Company, and his mother was Sarah Pancoast, the sister of the eminent Philadelphia sur- geon, Dr. Joseph Pancoast, of the Jefferson Medical College. After receiving an elementary and classical education, Mr. Ridgway entered the law office of Morton P. Henry as a stu- dent, and made rapid progress in his studies. He was ad- mitted to the Bar May 29, 1865, and after a tour in Europe, he entered upon the practice of his profession in his native city, in which he attained de- cided and deserved success. In 1871 he gained the confi- dence of the people of Phila- delphia and achieved a repu- tation in the prosecution of the Row officials for collecting and retaining illegal fees ; Mr. Ridgway being selected by the Bar Association for that pur- pose. As a result of his excel- lent work the new Constitu- tion, soon afterwards adopted, abolished the fee system and placed the officials on salaries. He entered the Union Army in 1862 and took part in the pursuit of Lee's army after the battle of Gettysburg. He wrote an able article on the subject of establishing the Zoological, which was published in LippincoW s Magazine of May, 1873, which really was the initiating point in the establish- ment of the attractive gardens, of which he was Director until 1S75, when he resigned. In 1S83 he was the Republican nominee for Common Council from the Eighth Ward, and was elected by a handsome majority. His course \vas marked by unyielding integrity and untiring devo- tion to the interest of his constituents. He was the Republican nominee for City Comptroller in 1NS4, but w-as defeated by Colonel R. P. Dechert, owing to local disturbances in party lines and defection on account of questionable acts of party workers with which Mr. Ridgway was not concerned. In 1886 W. Ellwood Rowan was elected Sheriff, and Mr. Ridgway was placed in charge of the real estate department of the office, and wdien Sheriff Rowan became incapacitated to attend his duties by reason of insauitv, Mr. Ridgway performed the duties of the office with marked ability from January 4, 18S6, to February 24, 1S87. When the office was declared vacant by the Senate of Pennsylvania, Governor Beaver appointed Mr. Ridgway Sheriff, and served as such for the remainder of the term, expiring January 1, 1S88. 26 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. In December, 1889, the President of the United States appointed Mr. Ridgwav Surveyor of Customs for the Port of Philadelphia. He is Vice-President of the West End Trust and Safe Deposit Com- pany, 2020 Chestnut street ; President of the Real Estate Invest- ment Company, 721 Walnut street, and is a prominent and popular member of the G. A. R., Penn Club, Union Republican Club, His- torical Society, and other organizations. OLIVER C. BOSBYSHELL Col. O. C. Bosbyshell, Superintendent of the United States Mint, at Philadelphia, was born in Vicksburg, Miss., January 3, 1S39. His father, Oliver C. Bosbyshell, and wife, Mary A. Whitney, were both natives of this city. Col. Bosbyshell's father died before the subject of this sketch was born. Young Bosbyshell received a fair education, in the schools of Schuylkill county, the home of his mother. At the age of fifteen, he entered the employ of the Philadelphia & Reading R. R. Company. He afterward entered the law office of Hon. F. W. Hughes, then in the law office of his uncle, William S. Whitney, where he was when the war broke out. On the 16th of April, 1S61, he enlisted in the Washington Artillerists. On the 17th of April, the company was mustered into the U. S. service, at Harrisburg. On the 18th of April, the comp- any was en route to Washington, via Baltimore, where were the first soldiers of the Union Army killed by the enemy. On the 20th of July, the company was mustered out at Harrisburgh, and Mr. Bosbyshell immediately re-enlisted, for three years, in Company G 48th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was commissioned Second Lieutenant, August 20, 1861. He served as Regimental Recruiting officer, and November II, 1S61, embarked for Hatteras, N. C. He was Judge Advocate, and Acting Adjutant of his Regi- ment. He was in the attack on Newbern. He was Regimental Quartermaster, Acting Adjutant of his regiment, promoted First Lieutenant, and then Captain Company G. He was in the battles ofBull Run, Chantilly, South Mountain, Antietam, and Fredericks- burg, after which he was detailed Judge Advocate of his division. In the spring of 1863, the Ninth Corps was ordered West, and Captain Bosbyshell was made Provost Marshall, at Lexington, Ky. He took part in the fights of East Tennessee, was in the battles of Blue Springs, Campbell's Station, and Knoxville. In February, 1864, General Hartranft appointed Captain Bosbyshell Assistant Adjutant General, Department, Ninth Army Corps, at rendezvous Annapolis, Md. He afterward served through Grant's campaign, ending at Petersburg. He was commissioned Major of his Regi- ment, from July 10, 1S64. He was in the Mine fights of July 30, 1S64, and led his regiment into the Weldon Rail Road, and Poplar Grove Church fights. Was mustered out October 1, 1864. Returning to Pottsville, he engaged in the banking business. In 1867 he entered the G. A. R., and organized Post 23 of Pottsville, and was its first Commander. In 1869 he was elected Department Commander G. A. R. In the same year he was appointed Register Deposits, U. S. Mint, at Philadelphia, and has since resided in this city. He was afterwards appointed Assistant Coiner, and by President Grant, Coiner. In 1885 he accepted the position of Chief Clerk under Colonel Dechert, City Controller. In 1S79 he was elected Major, Second Regiment National Guards, Pennsylvania, a year later promoted Lieutenant Colonel, and in August, 1S90, he became Colonel of the Regiment. He was appointed Superinten- dent of the Mint, Philadelphia, by President Harrison, October 17, 1889, entering upon his duties November 1, 18S9. He is also Vice-President of the Fidelity Mutual Life Association of Philadel- phia. June 24th, 1863, he was married to Miss Martha E. Stern, daughter of Rev. Nathan Stern, D. D. DR. DAVID K. TUTTLE Dr. David K. Tuttle was commissioned Melter and Refiner of the United States Mint, Philadelphia, on March 22, 1SS8. He was born in Morris County, N. J., September 19, 1S35. His ancestors came from England and settled in New Haven in 1639. Their de- scendants were energetic, public-spirited citizens, and many of the families prominent in New England history, whether for theology, literature, or art, mav trace their lineage back to these earlv settlers, William and Elizabeth Tuttle. The Edwards, Dwights, Stoddards, Kensetts, find this family name among their immediate ancestors. The subject of this sketch went, at the age of fifteen, to Brooklyn, N. Y. , where older brothers were engaged in business. Within two years he had charge of a small electrotyping plant. This provided an income, and left some hours each day for study and experiment. In [852 he attended the lectures on chemistry in the Medical De- partment of the University of New York, which fixed the purpose of the young student to devote himself to the study of natural science. He entered the Lawrence Scientific School of Harvard L'niversity in 1833, and received the degree of Bachelor of Science in 1855. In the summer of the same year he went to Germany and matriculated at the Georgia Augusta University at Gottingen, « here, after two years of close application, he was graduated as Master of Arts and I 'odor of Philosophy in 1857. In the autumn of that year Dr. Tuttle was appointed Adjunct Professor in the University of Virginia, and placed in charge of the laboratory then opened for the practical instruction of students in analytical chemistry. After live vears devoted to such teaching, he became interested in metal- lurgical enterprises more to his taste, which he followed with success, acquiring valuable experience in the mining and treatment of lead, iron, gold, and silver ores. Dr. Tuttle was appointed Melter and Refiner of the Carson Citv Mint on the reopening of that institution in 1886, and held that position until his appointment to succeed Dr. Booth in the Mint at Philadelphia. W. H. SHELM1RE United States Pension Agent, Philadelphia, was born in Mont- gomery County, Maj' 15, 1841. His father, John H. Shelmire, was a well-known miller in that county as were his grandfather and great-grandfather. In 1S61, at the outbreak of the war, Mr. John II. Shelmire enlisted and was commissioned Captain of Company A, First New Jersey Cavalry, which had previously been a wide-awake organization in the Lincoln campaign. He served in the field with his company till June, 1862, when he was taken prisoner and confined in the Salisbury Prison. While in prison he was com- missioned Major of his regiment. In November, 1862, he was ex- changed, rejoined his command, and was killed June 9, 1S63, at Brandy Station. W. H. Shelmire was educated in the common schools of his county, and was in his father's employment until the war. He accompanied his father to the field, as clerk, and remained with him until his death, when he enlisted in Hunt's Independent Cavalry. In 1S65 he received an appointment as Clerk in the Treasury Department, Washington, where he served until March 1869, when he was appointed Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue, Fourth District, Pa. He held this position until Novem- ber 14, 1871, when he was appointed Chief Clerk of the Pension Office, Philadelphia, and served as such under General H. G. Sickel, Major A. W. Norris. and General Davis. November 22. 1S89, President Harrison commissioned him Pension Agent. A petition to the President signed by some 7000 veterans was accom- panied by the following letter from General Sickel : — T,i the Pi, ■drill : Philadklpiiia, Pa., March iSth, 1SS9. Referring to the application of William H. Shelmire, Esq., for the position of United States Pension Agent, at Philadelphia, I desire to state : That I was appointed to that office in the year 1S71, and took Mr. Shelmire from an import- ant position to be my Chief Clerk, especially on account of his known integ- rity, honesty and administrative ability. He served in that position through my thirteen' years incumbency, and helped to disburse millions of dollars each year. I required no security whatever from him, although I myself was under the heaviest bonds given by any Government official. His accounts were al- ways scrupulously correct. He has held the same position with each succeed- ing Pension Agent, and has the confidence of all the old Pensioners. His promotion would give entire satisfaction, and would be merited by reason of his long continued service I have the honor to be vour obedient Servant, H. r, SICKEL. Mr. Shelmire is a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion ; Member of Post 19, G. A. R., of which he is Post Com- mander ; Member of A. O. U. W ; Member of the Senate of Sparta, a beneficial organization. In 1869 he was married to Miss Frances L. Lemon of Wash- ington, D. C. DAVID MARTIN Late Collector of Internal Revenues, was born on August 20, 1S45, on tne old Ridgwav Farm, at Nicetown and Harrowgate Lanes, in the Twenty-fifth" Ward. His father, George Martin, who was the tenant of the farm, was of Scotch-Irish stock, as was also his mother. Mr. Martin knew only hard work during the early years of his life, which applies to the political as well as the indus- trial side of his career. He removed to the Nineteenth Ward, PHILADELPHIA AXD POPULAR PHILADELPHLANS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. where he now lives, in 1863, and in June, 1S66, two months before he was of age, he was elected a member of the Republican Ward Committee. This was the real beginning of his political career, and ever since his influence has been felt not only in his own Ward, but as well in the politics of the Thirty-first Ward. He has been a member of the Nineteenth Ward Republican Committee ever since and continuous^- ; also a member of the Republican City Committee for sixteen years, and of the Republican State Committee thirteen years. He was a delegate to the National Convention which nominated President Harrison. His official career was as follows : Appointed Sergeant at Arms of the House of Representatives at Harrisburg in 1873 ; appointed the following year by Mayor Stokley, Lieutenant of the Delaware River Harbor Police; resigned in 1S75, and was elected County Commissioner by a majority of 14,000 ; re-elected for three years in 1S7S bv 21,000 majority ; re-appointed Sergeant at Anns in [881-82 ; appointed a Mercantile Appraiser for three years in 1883 ; re-appointed in 1SS6, and held that office when, on Mav 24, 1S89, President Harrison ap- pointed him Collector of Internal Revenue. His resignation from this office was placed before President Harrison on Mav 8, 1S91, Mr. Martin having de- cided to engage in other busi- ness. as assistant for two years and then passed a year in travel abroad and in attendance upon the law schools in Paris. Subsequently upon his return to tins city he resumed practice of his profession and is the author of several pamphlets upon legal subjects, and also of a law book upon the " Trial of Lunatics." Mr. Carr has been active in Democratic politics and a member of several nominating conventions, both local and State, and in 1S8S was appointed Assistant United States Attorney for this district. JOHN B. COMBER Superintendent Money Order Department, Philadel- phia Post Office, was born in Philadelphia, in 1S55. His father, John Comber, deceased in 1*79, was a well-known con- tractor. Among his larger contracts in this city were those for the granite of the first story of the Public Build- ings, and the stone for the Presbyterian Board of Publica- tion, Chestnut street. Mr. Comber received his education at a private school in this city and finished at the La Salle College, after which ho entered the office of Isaac H. Hobbs & Son, architects, with whom he remained for two years; his health requir- ing more active employment, he resigned his place and en- tered into service with his father, with whom he remained until his decease, when he conducted the business until [885. The latter year Post- master Harrity gave him the appointment of Assistant Su- perintendent of the Money Department, and in 1SS9 he was promoted to his present position. The transactions of his department extend to almost all countries of the earth and amount to nearly #5,000,000 annually. Mr. Comber is systematic and exact in his methods and conducts his office with ability, and to the satisfaction of his superiors. He is a member of the Hibernian Society of Philadelphia, one of the oldest of the charitable organizations of the city, and bears on its roll of membership the names of General George Washing- ton, General U. S. Grant, General Robert Pattersoii, and many other distinguished men. Mr. Comber was married to Miss Agnes McKeone, daughter of Charles McKeone, firm of Charles McKeone, Son & Co., in 1SS9. WM. WILKINS CARR Assistant United States Attorney, was born in Washington, D. C, in 1854, and was educated in the public schools in that'eitv, and after remaining for three years in the Central High School, continued his studies at the University of Pennsylvania, from which he graduated in 1873. He began the study of law in this city in the office of George M. Dallas, Esq., and was admitted to practice in May, 1876. He remained in the office of his preceptor CHARLES A. PORTER Was born 011 the 15th day of May, 1839, in that section of the city, known a half centurj- ago as the North Mulberrv Ward, on Cherry street below Fifth. His parents were people of moderate circumstances, and as a boy he received his education principally in the Zane street Grammar School. After leaving school, he carried on the business of his father — that of contractor. He was always of a studious disposi- tion, and in early life evinced an interest in politics, giving much of his spare time to the study of this subject. He cast his first vote in i860, for Abra- ham Lincoln. In 1862, when but twenty-three years of age, he received his first political appointment, that of Super- visor of Streets of the City of Philadelphia, serving with credit for four years, under Mayors Henry and McMichael. In 1869, he w : as elected a mem- ber of the City Republican Campaign Committee, from the Eighth Ward, and has served almost continuously for twenty-two years, having won the esteem and confidence of his party in his district. They rewarded him by sending him to the Legislature, in 1.N72, '73, and '74, the Eighth and Ninth Wards constituting the district. On May 15, 1S75, Mr. Porter removed to the Twenty-eighth Ward, and since that time has been the recognized leader of the Republican forces of that section. Mr. Porter was a dele- gate of the National Conven- tion that nominated Harrison in 1S8S. The year following, he was unanimously chosen Chairman of the Republican City Campaign Committee. While holding this responsible position, he has alwavs man- aged to obtain harmony in the party ranks, and has won for himself a brilliant career that has been unprecedented. In the fall of 1S90, Mr. Porter was nominated as a candidate for State Senator, to fill the unexpired term of Senator Reyburn, in the fifth district, and his popularity was attested by his receiving the largest majority ever given any candidate in his district. As a State Senator, he has always been found at his post of duty, look- ing after the interests of his constituents. He introduced several of the most important bills affecting the government of the city, which were offered during the session. The two most important, were those known as the Porter School Bill, and the Councilmanic Bill. The former was intended to vest the authority of all the schools in the city, in one body, known as the Board of Public Education, which abolished the Sectional Boards. This bill, after passing the Senate, was defeated in the House. The Councilmanic Bill was one which equalized the representation of the different wards in the city, in Common Council. This bill passed both houses of the Legislature, but was vetoed by the Governor. As has been truthfully said of Mr. Porter, while he cannot be called an orator he is shrewd, calculating, and possessed of the ability to hold with effect the forces placed at his disposal. While he is a strong believer, in a concilatory policy, where a point is to be gained he has no hesitation in taking forcible measures to Porter PHILADELPHIA ASP POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. POPULAR OFFICIALS. secure a desired result. But lie has sufficient tact to keep himself from being regarded as being dictatorial, he has assisted many men to secure political positions, and he has always insisted upon giv- ing the young element of the Republican party an opportunity of showing what could be done. He is a liberal contributor to cam- paign funds, and does not hesitate to assist financially those who appeal to him. Unassuming in his methods, and unostentatious with his dealings with men, he manages to make himself as popular with the division workers, as with those who take part in political contests only when it suits their pleasure and convenience. Mr. Porter has followed the business of general contractor, for the past thirty years. He has been successful in his business, and enjoys a comfortable fortune. LOUIS R. WALTERS Was born February 13, 1855, near Phcenixville, Pa. He at- tended the public schools there under the teaching of Prof. Swartz, and entered Lafayette College in 1S73, from which he graduated as a Civil Engineer in 1877, and a year later received the degree of M. S. He has been for a number of years a very active member of the Hoard of Education and takes special interest in educational matters. After graduating, he entered the employ of the Phoenix Iron and Bridge Company, and by assiduous and close application to the Company's affairs won for him the greatest respect and esteem. He faithfully filled this position up to the time of being honored with the appointment as Assistant United States Treasurer at the City of Philadelphia, which he now holds. He was elected Captain in the Militia in 1S72, and in 1877 was appointed Adjutant of the Eleventh Regiment, N. G. P., and acted in that position during the Pittsburg riots. When the National Guards of Pennsylvania were re-organized in 1879, he rejoined his old Com- pany, and was unanimously elected Captain and has constantly labored in the interest of the National Guards of this State. He has always been in the front ranks of the Republican party and has represented his party both at State and County conventions and it is a fact worthy of note that he always carried his friends through. At the National Convention, it is a well known fact that he was in the front rank amongst the members of the Pennsylvania delegation and was the original Harrison man from the State of Pennsylvania. With his determination he continued the Harrison light, and it was unanimously conceded that he was the standard bearer in the struggle of 18S8. Mrs. Walters is the daughter of the late David and Andora Lutshair, old citizens of Chester county, and their family connec- tions extend over a period of nearly two hundred years. His name was prominently mentioned for the position of Naval Officer at the Port of Philadelphia. General Walters was solicited by the citizens of Chester county to stand for the Legislature in 1S90, and had to reluctantly refuse a nomination on account of accepting the position as Assistant United States Treasurer. Cap- tain Walters became a member of the Knights of the Golden Eagle in 1S86, by joining Washington Castle, No. 45, and he has worked hard for the interests of the Order ever since. He entered Wash- ington Comuianderv, No. 15, as a private, in 1SS7, and has been promoted through that channel from Ensign to Sergeant, to Lieu- tenant and Captain, and in 1888, was elected Major of the Third Battalion, Third Regiment, and in April, when the State organiza- tion was divided into two Brigades, he was elected Brigadier Gen- eral of the Second Brigade, which includes all the Cotnmanderies in the State outside of Philadelphia, comprising three full Regi- ments of twelve Companies each. CHARLES D. GREENE Lieutenant-Colonel Charles D. Greene, Prothonotary of the Supreme Court, State of Pennsylvania, is a native of this State. Since his youth he has been identified with military matters and has a record for services in the army during the late War, and in the militia of the State, hardly ever equalled and of which he may well look back upon with a feeling of pride and satisfaction. He is yet in service ami will so continue as long as his health will war- rant. In 1852 Mr. Greene began his military career as a soldier in the Eighth Regiment, New York Stale Militia, and in [S56 became a member of the Independence Grays, First Regiment, Pennsyl- vania Militia, from which he was honorably discharged October, [858, by reason of removal to Baltimore. When the memorable (.all to arms was sounded in 1S61, he was among the first to re- spond, and was commissioned First Lieutenant in the Twenty-third Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. March 1, 1862, he was trans- ferred to Company II, Sixty-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volun- teers, and on October 7, of that year, he was promoted to a Cap- taincy. He served during the war and was mustered out June 28, 1865, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. But his military career did not cud with the close of the War, for on November I, 1S73, he was commissioned an aid-de-camp in the State Guards ; became Division Quarter-master at the same time, and was re-com- missioned to the latter office on July 2, 1879, arJ d again on Novem- ber 21, 1883, and October 26, 18S8. At the present time he is Div- ision Ordnance Officer on Major-General George R. Snowden's staff, having received the appointment August 12, 1890. The Colonel has always been of a literary turn of mind, and after the war he began the publishing business in this city, continuing until 1872. During that time, he published a number of his own writ- ings, among which was a volume entitled " Thrilling Stories of the Rebellion. " which had a very large sale. Since 1872 he has been connected with the Supreme Court of the Eastern District, and since 1881 he has been Prothonotary. Some years ago he took advantage of the admirable facilities with which he was surrounded and began the study of law, and about four years ago he was ad- mitted to practice. Those who know Colonel Greene have only words of praise for him. He is an intelligent and eloquent speaker and of a cheerv, kindly disposition. CHARLES M. CRESSON, M. D. Formerly Manager and Chemist of the Philadelphia Gas Works, and for fifteen years Chemist to the Board of Health, is the only son of the late John C. and Letitia L. Cresson. He was born in Cheltenham township, Montgomery county, February 3, 1828, and when a mere boy was sent to Professor Gummere's famous school in Burlington, New Jersey. At the age of ten he was admitted to the Philadelphia Central High School at its opening, October, 1838, then transferred to the University of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated, and afterwards studied medicine in the Jefferson Medical College. lhs scientific and technical studies were largely directed by Doctors Robert Hare, J. K. Mitchell, A. Dallas Bache and Professors Patterson and Frazer. His practical education in topography and civil engineering was obtained from S. W. Roberts and J. C. Trautwine. He early made a special study of chemistry, and a considerable part of his time even during youth was devoted to mechanical and architectural drawings forthe Phila- delphia Gas Works and in its chemical laboratory. He was then elected First Assistant Engineer of these works, his duties being the construction of new work, and from 1855 to 1864 the whole of the management of the mechanical department and the manufac- turing of gas devolved upon him. Dr. Cresson has been a prominent member of the American Philosophical Society since 1857, and has published from time to time important articles upon " The Manufacture of Gas," " Explo- sion of Steam Boilers," "The Effects of FMectricity and Heat upon the Tensile Strength of Iron," "Wood Preservation," "Paper Manufacture," " Water Supplies of Cities," etc. He established the Scientific Department of the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1S6S, of the Philadelphia and Reading in 1869, and of the Baltimore and Ohio in 1SS3. Photography early attracted his attention and from the exhibition of tne first daguerreotype up to the present time his familiarity with the current improvements in that art has been maintained. He has devoted much time to the study and examina- tion of water chemically and microscopically; and successful determinations of the causes of disease carried by the water supply of cities and towns have been and are now actively engaging his attention. 29 Independence Hall PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BENCH AND BAR. THE SUPREME BENCH. In the Colonial period, a Supreme Court for the Province of , f Pennsylvania was established by order of the Provincial Council, L February I, l6S.i; the authority of the Council having been derived £■ from the Royal Charter to William Penn, bearing date March 4, jf 16S1. In pursuance of that order the Act of [684, cli. 15S, was passed, commissioning five justices for a term of two years from g^^ June 4, 16S4. In 1693 the Court was made to consist of a Chief Justice and four Associate Justices. The tribunal modified only as to the number of its members, which, under different Acts varied from three and four to five, continued until the Revolution. The Judges commissioned in 1684 were Dr. Nicholas Morse, William Welsh, William "■ Wood, Robert Turner and John Eckley. Those who were in commission 111 1776 were Benjamin Chew, C. J., John Lawrence, Thomas Willing and John Morton. In the intermediate list of justices appear such well-known names as Benjamin Chew, Anthony Morris, Edward Shippeu and Jasper Yeates. The first Chief Justice of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, who sat upon the Bench — the preceding appointee having declined — was Thomas McKeau. He was commissioned July 28, 1777, served two years, and died June 24, 1S17, aged eighty-three years. He was at one time Governor of the Commonwealth, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Following him the Chief Justices have been, successively : Edward Shippeu, commissioned December 18, 1799; William Tilghman, February 26, 1S06 ; John Bannister Gibson, May 18, 1S27 ; Jeremiah S. Black, elected December 1, 185 1 ; bv rota- tion — Ellis Lewis, December 4, 1854; Alfred H. Lowrie, December 7, 1857 ; George W. Wood- ward, December 7, 1863 ; James Thompson, December 2, 1867 ; John Meredith Read, December 2, 1S72 ; Daniel Agnew, December 1, 1873; George Sharswood, December 4, 1878; Ulysses Mercer, January I, 1S83 ; Isaac G. Gordon, June 6, 1887 ; Edward M. Paxson, January 7, iSNy. The historv of any system of jurisprudence is, in a large measure, history of the tribunals inaugurated under that system ; and the action and influence of these are in turn illustrated by the character and achievements of the men who mould the decisions of those tribunals. In England Lord Mansfield created out of the principles of the Roman Law what was practically a new science, fitted to deal with the problems of modern commerce, which in his day suddenly sprang into life. The task allotted to the Judges in the infancy of the Com- monwealth of Pennsylvania, was almost as great. The common law in all its integrity had been brought over by Penn 's settlers and its forms were as rigidly adhered to as in England ; but the Court of Chancery, whose powers of equitable relief came in play, where unbending legal rules would work hardship, was wanting. One attempt, indeed, to establish such a tribunal was made by Governor Sir William Keith, but it failed because the Governor and the Legislature disagreed to the person who should exercise the function of Chan- cellor. It was reserved to Chief Justice Tilghman to supply this defect in the machinery of justice, by introducing the principles of equity into the common law proceedings ; and to work out this innovation so skilfully that while the forms of action remained the same they were made pliable enough to embrace parties and redress injuries which a court of law had been unable to reach. It is no hyperbole to say of this great jurist that the very qualities which contributed to his greatness somewhat obscured his fame. His style was trans- parent in its simplicity ; and so lucid was his manner of solving a legal problem that the problem itself lost the abstruseness and failed to suggest the skill which had so easily unravelled it. Perhaps no Judge ever cited fewer authorities or leaned less upon precedent ; yet no Judge, perhaps, was better fortified with learning, or more religiously loyal to established legal principles. His private character was in keeping with his exalted reputation ; he was modest, humane and generous ; and these qualities inciting him, as they did, to seek for the justice of every cause, strengthened the hold upon the profession which the force of his intellect had already secured for his decisions. He was followed by a successor who achieved a reputation as splendid as his own. This sketch will not permit of even the rudest outline of the character and achievements of John Bannister Gibson. He has been ranked with Lord Mansfield, and perhaps the massiveness of intellect and aggressiveness of will, which distinguished both, may have led to the comparison. But the style of Gibson stands unique and unapproachable among judicial writings; nervous and sententious, yet sparkling with epigram ; concise as the language of Coke in its statement of a legal proposition, and vet embellished with the highest graces of rhetoric. His fame has widened with every year since his death, and along with Marshall and Story and Kent, he has earned for the Bench of America the respect and admiration of foreign jurists. Of those who were successively called to fill his scat — of Black, who left the Bench to become the best paid advocate at the National Capitol ; of Sharswood, the coiisuminatt /i/i/-/>/;«5 and common law judge ; and of the present Chief Justice whose brief but terse opinions are the embodiments of legal acumen and hard common sense, enlivened by an occasional sally of humor, the highest praise which they need covet, is that they have labored, and not in vain, to keep untarnished the traditional lustre of the Supreme Bench of Pennsylvania. Some ideas of the labors which are cast upon the incumbents who now hold office, may be obtained by a comparison between the number of reports of adjudged cases in the Supreme Court within two given periods. From the year 1791, when the first report in regular form appeared, to the year 1S51, when the Judiciary became elective, covering sixty years, 71 volumes of regular reports were issued; and in the ensuing term of forty years, 132 volumes were added to the list. In January, 1891, the Judges of the Inferior Courts, from whose judgment an appeal lies to this tribunal, numbered SS ; in 1851 they numbered only 33. These figures suggest witli some vividness the increase in the quantity of labor demanded; but its quality arising from the complex questions incident to the changes wrought in the organic law by the new Constitution, and to the enormous growth of corporations and their tendency to consolidate, is an element which, more than quantity, enhances the responsibility and consequent arduousness of the work. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHIL A DELPHI A. VS. BENCH AND BAR. THE BAR OF PHILADELPHIA From the days of William Pcnn to the present time the Bar of Philadelphia has been justly famous for its learning, probity and good fellowship. No wiser or more earnest body of men existed in any of the colonies than the Provincial bar of this city, and the early legislation of the Province attests the independent and pro- gressive spirit of Pennsylvania lawmakers, who were main- of them lawyers. It should be a matter of just pride to the bar of the City of Philadelphia that it is lineally descended from such an illustrious stock. The customs and traditions of the early bar should never lie for- gotten, and in these days, when the whirl of business and the busy, bustling, practical spirit of modern times are turning all professions into money-making pursuits, the Philadelphia lawyer of to-day should pause and reflect how much honor is due to the lawyers of Philadelphia who practiced their profession in the courts of Pennsylvania for the period of nearly a century before the Declaration of Independence. No better or simpler form of munici- pal government has been adopted by any American city than that set forth in William Penn's charter, and to his able and directing mind is due a simple system of courts to which, after many changes, we have since returned. For several years after the Dec- laration of Independence all men's energies were devoted to the struggle for freedom, but when the yoke of Great Britain was thrown off and peace was restored then the lawyer's work secured the liberty which the soldier's sword had won. Rules of law were to be adapted to the changed conditions and new ques- tions constantly arose, and the law of England was modified to suit different wants and needs and order was forced to rise out chaos. In 1 7.S9, as the charter of the Proprietary had been abrogated by the Revolution, a new charter was granted to the City of Philadelphia. This was tinkered and amended until the Consolidation act of 1854, and since then it has been pruned and grafted by all sorts of legislation until the act of 1885, known as the " Bullitt Bill," has simplified somewhat our cumbrous system of municipal government, though much has been left that is uncertain and complicated. And as the faults of our system, both financial and political, are made manifest by the cor- ruption and rottenness which its complexity and division of re- sponsibility permits, the lawyers of to-day should endeavor to effect a return to the simpler form of government prescribed by the city's founder. The early legal history of the Province shows an advanced spirit in regard to procedure and a tendency towards simplicity and directness which is in strong contrast to the strict adherence to tech- nical forms which characterized the English Common lawyer of that era. The system of County Courts, the Common Pleas, the Quar- ter Sessions of the Peace and the Orphans' Court, with a Supreme Provincial Court to hear appeals from the County Courts, was in the earliest days of the Province like the system in vogue to-day, but the Governor and Council sat as a Court of Equity. Besides William Tilghman these courts there was that peculiar body known as the " Peace Makers," who, as we read in the records of the Proprietary, William Penn, were "to prevent law suits, to act in the matter of arbitra- tions and to hear and end differences between man and man." Among the judges of these courts were many who have handed down illustrious names to their descendants, and in a list of some lawyers of the Province of Pennsylvania are such names as Hutch- inson, Hamilton, Graeme, Atherton, Peters, Reed, Dickinson, Wil- ling, McKean, Tilghman, Wain, Chew, Master, Morris. Biddle, In- gersoll and many others which are still extant as family names in Philadelphia. The mention of their names is enough to recall the fact that there were giants in those days in the practice of the law. Nor did the quality of the bench or bar deteriorate after the Revo- lution. The early reports are full of important cases, argued be- fore wise and painstaking judges by lawyers profound in their learning and skillful in their advocacy. The people had cast off the bonds of tyrannical power, and bench and bar had a great problem before them, how to adapt the rides of common law which had grown up in mon- archial England and to modify the feudal rules of real estate so as to conform to the new ideas of a free Commonwealth and the sovereignty of the people. In the last year of the eighteenth century Thomas McKean, who had presided as Chief Justice in the ar- gument of the first case reported in the first volume of Binney 's reports, had retired from the bench, having been chosen Governor of the Com- monwealth, and he was succeeded as Chief Justice by Edward Shippen. Yeates, Smith and Breckenridge were the Associate Judges. Jared Ingersoll was Attorney General. Tilghman, Dallas, Dickerson, Rawle and Lewis were among the leading counsel who appeared before them, and the care and skill with which they argued many great questions may be gathered from the pages of Binney, Dallas and other early reporters. When William Tilghman succeeded Edward Shippen as Chief Justice, as he did February 2, 1S06, one of the greatest Judges among the many who have added to the renown of Pennsylvania jurists took his seat on the Supreme Bench. The cases argued be- fore him included matters of great interest to the bar of Pennsyl. vania, and were of vast importance to the citizens of Pennsylvania. A new ami hitherto untried system was inaugurated, and it required wise Judges and able lawyers to adapt the rules and principles of law to the new order of things. Fortunately for the cause of lib- erty and of popular government, both the Federal and State Judi- ciary and bar were found equal to the task imposed on them, and the elastic system of the common law made to fit our new free insti- tutious. Later came John Bannister Gibson, than whom no clearer or greater Judge has sat and administered justice in English-speak- ing lands. What need to speak of the great men who have passed away within the memory of many of us, of George Sharswood, William Meredith, St. George Tucker Campbell and William Rawle. There would be a long list if all were mentioned who have won re- nown in their profession. But the Philadelphia bar depends not 32 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA/IS. BENCH AND BAR. alone on reminiscences and recollections. It is not alone by adher- ence to the customs and traditions of the past that it is to-daj a living force and influence in the community. It is not alone lie- cause of the great names which appear upon its muster roll that it has the confidence and respect of its fellow-citizens. It is because it is a body of men, earnest, zealous and devoted to theirprolession. Because, although here and there a man may falter in his allegi- ance or be untrue to his trust, as a body the Philadelphia bar acts been given and taken, the contestants exchange baud grasps and are friends. Like the warrior hosts at the end of the day's battle in the heaven of Odin and Thor, they rest and dream of future ci in- flicts. After the arguments before the courts of last resort, the leaders chat as pleasantly as though a few minutes before they bad nut been striving with all their mental force to destroy each other's clients. There is much good feeling at the Philadelphia bar, very little jealousy and littleness. The hardest fighters in court are often with all due fidelity to court and client, Because in its ranks are men equal in strength, equal in learning, equal in devotion to the cause which they represent, to any of the leaders of the older bar. Because in its midst are men unselfishly devoted to the progress of the science of the law, and glad, at the cost of money, time and labor, to aid in the enlightenment of those in quest of legal learn- ing. Anil despite the hurry of modern life and the demand for quick analysis and instant decision, notwithstanding the need to bend every energy, to strain every nerve, to call on every resource of brain and body in the struggle for professional existence, the bar has its pleasant social side as of yore. After the smoke and dust of the day's fight have passed away, although hard blows may have the iolliest, pleasantest fellows in social intercourse, aud the man who has given one the hardest fight is perhaps one of the dearest friends, the most ready to assist with good counsel, or to share his purse in time of need. It is well for the community that the bar has preserved its posi- tion. As we look at the political and financial world and mark the baseness of men, we can point with pride to the record of our Phil- adelphia bar. How seldom has a lawyer betrayed his trust. The instances of professional wrong doing of this character are few in- deed. In the future the bar of Philadelphia has a great work to accomplish. The influence which its high position gives should be more felt in all movements for reform. It can and should aidin all 33 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BENCH AND BAR. efforts to get better government, and it should act with strenuous effort also in ever)- movement to obtain for litigants aspeedierdetermina- tion of their cases. Not only should no man's cause bedelayed "for lucre or malice," but no man's causeshould be delayed at all against his will unless for weighty reasons. The barshould be progressive as well as conservative. It should hold fast to that which is good, and strive for continual advance- ment. Thus and thus only will it maintain its ancient supremacy. JAMES W. PAUL Was born in Philadelphia, on November 4, 1S16, both of his parents being members of old and well known families of that city, and was the youngest child of a large family of children, most of whom have since occupied prominent positions iu Philadelphia's business, professional and social circles. After the usual prepara- tory course of studies at the schools of that day, both in Philadel- phia and Lawrcnceville, N. J., Mr. Paul in 1829 entered the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, he being then only thirteen years of age, and successfully passed through the full course of four years, graduating with high honors in 1S33, In a class among the members of which were the late Henry J. Biildle, Hon. J. I. Clarke Hare, Horace B. Wallace and others equally well known. Shortly after his graduation, Mr. Paul com- menced the study of the law as a student in the office of James S. Smith, one of the leading practitioners of those days, where he remained until ad- mitted to the Bar in [837, being then in his twenty-first year, and he at once assumed a lead- ing position in active practice and has now continued in the same for a period of over fifty- three years. Of late years, however, he has devoted him- self more exclusively to Office and Chamber practice, Or- phans' Court business, settle- ment of Estates and filling the position of advisory Counsel and Solicitor for several banks, corporations and other institu- tions of a similar character. During the late Civil War Mr. Paul took a firm position in support of the Government, and with the late Benjamin Gerhard, George H. Boker and a few other equally patri- otic citizens, in the early dark the systematic stud}- of the principles of the Constitution of the Uflited States as a branch of instruction in schools he proposed the Constitutional Text Book, and the First Book of the Constitution which was published in 1855, and since largely used as text books in schools and colleges. In 1S68 he was nominated as the Demo- cratic candidate for the office of District Attorney for the City of Philadelphia and elected for the term of three years. In 1S74 he was elected to the same office by a vote nearly 1,000 above the average received by the Democratic State ticket. He declined a re-nomination for a third term and resumed his private practice. In 1877 and the succeeding year he was a candidate for an existing vacancy on the Supreme Bench, but was defeated for nomination by the Democratic Convention through a defection in the Philadel- phia delegation, losing the nomination however in the former year by only one vote. By appointment of the Judges of the Supreme Court and subsequently of the Governor, he has been an Inspector of the Eastern Penitentiary for many years. During his long professional career he has been engaged in many important cases and has always manifested a thorough mas- tery of the law and the facts. while his speeches have been distinguished for a high order ot eloquence and elegance of diction. Notwithstanding the claims of a busy professional life, Mr. Sheppard has found time to devote to the study of languages and his interest in the sciences and literature has led to his election as a Trustee of the Jefferson Medical Col- lege and to membership in the American Philosophical Soci- ety. It has been said of him that the Greek and Latin clas- sics and the standard authori- ties in the European languages on these subjects are as famil- iar to him as the English, and that his learning is recognized as prominent among scholars. James days organized the Union Club, which was the germ and nucleus from which grew the Union League of Philadelphia, which assumed later on such a prominent position in aid of the Government. Mr. Paul has a family of five children living, namely: Frank W. Paul, also a member of the Bar who is associated with him in practice ; Allen G.Paul, an officer in the Navy; James W. Paul, jr., a member of the firm of Drexel & Co.; Lawrence T. Paul, an engi- neer well known in electrical circles, and a daughter who is mar- ried to Hon. W. Waldorf Astor, of New York. FURMAN SHEPPARD Now and for many years one of the acknowledged leaders of the Philadelphia Bar and one of our ripest philosophical scholars and thinkers, is a native of New Jersey, and was born at Bridgeton, November 21, 1823. After graduating with distinction at Princeton in 1S45, be devoted himself for a time to the teaching of the classics and mathematics, and then commenced the study of Law in the office of Judge Garrick Mallcrv, with whom he was subsequently associated in business for several years. He was admitted to the Bar September 7, 1848. Early in his professional career he became interested in Constitutional Law, and for the purpose of introducing LEONARD MYERS Was born near Attlebor- ough (now called Langhorne), Bucks county, Pa., on Novem- ber 13, 1S27, removing with his parents to Philadelphia in 1837. He received an academic and collegiate education, and in early life contributed to a number of magazines, transla- ting also several works from the French. He was admitted to the Bar upon coining of age, and soon obtained a good practice. A few years later he was chosen Solicitor of Spring Garden and also of Belmont, two of the Municipal Districts into which the county was then divided, and in 1854 upon consolidation, the City Councils selected him, together with the late William Duane, to make a digest of the several ordinances and laws applicable to the new city. In Octo- ber, 1862, Mr. Myers was elected to Congress from the Third Philadelphia District, and he was re-elected to the five succeeding Congresses by largely increased majorities. In this arena he won a National reputation. The period of his service was one of intense interest, including the war, reconstruction, and, among many others, the grave questions, constitutional, financial and industrial, to which the times gave rise. In the debates attending these, Mr. Myers took an active part, and 25,000 copies of his speech on re- construction, made in 1S66, were subscribed to by the National Republican Committee for circulation. He served eight years on the Committee on Foreign Affairs. His experience in patent causes led to his appointment upon the Committee on Patents, where he served ten years and of which he became Chairman. He was also a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs and several special committees. He warmly favored the purchase of Alaska, claiming not only that its possession by the United States was one of power, which England would gladly obtain if we rejected it, but that its seal and other fisheries and its mineral wealth would far more than 34 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BENCH AND BAR. compensate us for the outlay. Mr. Blaine has quoted from this speech in his "Twenty Years in Congress." From the Foreign Affairs Committee Mr. Myers also aided to report the no,v cele- brated Act of July 27, 1868, which asserts the rights of American citizens in foreign countries and which was followed by the Motley- Clarendon Naturalization Treaty of 1.S70, wherein Great Britain for the first time yielded her contention, which not even the war of 1S12 had settled, against the right of expatriation. In the case of I»r. llouard, of Philadelphia, who, while residing in the island of Cuba, was sentenced to death by a military court martial, he de- fended the rights of American citizenship with good effect. The resolution passed by the House of Representatives induced Spain to release Houard. Mr. Myers took great interest in the inventors of the country, incorporated some valuable amendments in the patent laws, and was the author of the policy by which photo-lithographic or like copies of the drawings of patents are given weekly to the public. From the Naval Committee he reported and obtained the passage of his bill to allow the sailors a free outfit of clothing, such as is received by the soldiers and marines, which would have ma- terially bettered the morale of the Navy, but subsequent Congresses failed to continue the needed appropriations. He did excellent ser- vice in relation to the bill creating the Centennial Board of Finance, without which, it was conceded, the Exposition would not have been a success. This measure was introduced by Mr. Myers, reported and placed on its passage by him, and was a fitting sequel to his efforts toward securing the City of Independence as a site for celebrating its one hundredth anniversary. The pages of the Con- gressional Record attest his zeal on all proper occasions. Mr. M vers, however, did not encumber the proceedings with too frequeut remarks. A faithful representative had much else to occupy him, whether in Committee, by correspondence, or labor outside of the halls of Congress, especially in the busy days during and following the Civil War. His fidelity was testified in many ways ; nor was he idle at home. He spoke in many canvasses other than his own, and and on other subjects of interest to the people. The most memo- rable was an address in Philadelphia, in May, 1865, upon the d^ath of President Lincoln, which received much commendation. Another of his best efforts was at Frankford, on Decoration Day, in 1S74. On leaving Congress in March, 1875, Mr. Myers returned to the active practice of the law. His experience caused him to be re- tained in a number of cases involving national and inter-national law, as well as in local affairs. The most celebrated of these have been the French Spoliation Claims. He was largely instrumental in having them sent to the Court of Claims for adjudication, and devoted much time to the trials. Mr. Myers married Miss Hettie dc Bcnneville Keim, an estimable and cultured lady, now deceased. L. R. FLETCHER This successful lawyer and popular ex-official was born in Sus- sex, N. J., and his ancestry dates back to 1625, when they settled in Massachusetts. His father was a minister, and was for years pastor of the Great Valley Baptist Church. Mr. Fletcher's educa- tion was obtained at the Madison University, Hamilton, New York, and he subsequently entered the law office of Col. Wm. B. Mann, under whose instruction he pursued a course of law studies for three years, and on Febuary 14, 1851, he was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar. He was successfully engaged in civil and criminal practice and soon took a prominent place among the younger attorneys. In 1S61 he engaged in political work, and from 1S62 to 1864 was President of the Board of Control. He was an earnest worker in behalf of improvements in the management of school affairs, and by his un- remitting efforts he brought about many important reforms. Among these were the establishment of a board for the examination of teachers, which was made compulsory, and the ownership of school buildings by the city. In 1S63 on his recommendation the terms of city officials were made to begin and end January 1st, instead of July 1st. Mr. Fletcher was Chairman of the Republican City Com mittee when Alex. Henry was elected Mayor of Philadelphia. Mr. Fletcher is one of the oldest and ablest members of the bar of this city, and his practice in all the courts of the State and in the United States courts has attained large proportions. He is an honorable member of the Masonic and Odd Fellow fraternities. LEWIS STOVER He was prepared for college at Easton, Pa., and pursued a full classical course of study at Princeton College, N. J., from which he was graduated with honors with the Class of [850. He short wards entered the law office of the Hon. Peter McCall, of Philadel- phia, and entered himself as a student in the Law Department of the University of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated, and at mice was admitted to practice law in the courts of Philadi county. Mr. Stover was always a studious, hard-working attorney, and has pursued the practice of his profession uninterruptedly in this city with marked success, and is recognized by Bench and Bar alike as a sagacious, safe counsellor and an able advocate. His practice has been largely confined to civil and equity cases, and the preparation of his cases has always been marked by thor- ough preparation and careful study. He enjoys an extensive practice in the Orphans' Court in the settlement of estates, and is recognized as an authority in intestacy and the practice in settlement of decedents' estates, as well as in equity cases. He is a genial, courteous and cultured gentleman, and is held in high esteem as a lawyer and citizen. One of the ablest counsellors of Philadelphia's notably able Bar, was born October 13, 1N24, on a farm on the banks of the Delaware River, in the northern part of Bucks County, Pa., and his early life was alternately passed in the arduous work afield and in attend- ance on the district schools of his native scctiou. F. CARROLL BREWSTER A lineal descendent of William, known among the Pilgrim fathers as " Elder Brewster," one of the noble spirits who, in the early years of the seventeenth century, signed " a solemn volun- tary compact," drawn up in the cabin of the Mayflower, which agreement history records as " the birth, in thiscountry, of popular constitutional liberty," was born in Philadelphia, May 15, 1825. The descendants of "Deacon Brewster" were numerous and scat- tered throughout the Eastern aud Middle States, and among these there were many prominent lawyers, physicians and divines. One of these, a very popular and successful physician, settled in Deer- field, Cumberland County, N. J., where there was born to him a son, Francis Enoch Brewster, the father of Judge Brewster, the subject of this sketch. Young Francis was sent to Philadelphia where he was educated, and after pursuing a course of law studies, he was admitted to the Bar, and enjoyed a large practice for many years. He was distinguished as an advocate for his close reasoning and ready wit, and in the use of sarcasm he was without his equal in his day. He sent his son, Frederick C, to the Old Friends' Select School, at Fourth and Arch streets, where he was carefully instructed and soon prepared for college by "Teacher" Longstreth. He en- tered the University of Pennsylvania while Rev. Dr. Ludlow, the father of Judge Ludlow, was provost, and such was his application and aptitude for study that he was graduated from the institution with all honors at the age of sixteen years. Hon. Horatio Gates Jones and William Henry Rawlc were classmates of Judge Brewster. Leaving the University he began his law studies in his father's office, and was admitted to the Bar September 20, 1844. In his profession he achieved marked success. One of the causes celebre in which he was engaged was the case of Common- wealth vs. Samuel Cunningham, for the murder of a policeman. In this case Judge Brewster obtained for his client an acquittal, and secured the settlement affirmatively by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania of the then mooted question, whether a well founded apprehension of the intention of an assailant to inflict bodily harm, is sufficient cause for the exercise of self defense, even to the ex- tremity of taking life. The trial of Lcnairs for murder, in which the same principle was affirmed, was another of his great victories in the criminal courts. The Kirkpatrick poisoning case he man- aged with consummate ability and almost single-handed; he was suc- cessful against Judge Kelly and George A. Coffey, who conducted the prosecution. In 1856 as counsel for William B. Mann in the celebrated con- tested election case between his client and Lewis C. Cassidy, he was again successful, and many other peaceful victories are recorded, among which one of the most noted was his advocacy of the right of Congress to pas a law which could change a contract executed before the date of the law, the question being whether the tender of United States legal tender notes was sufficient where the contract required the payment in silver coin. In 1862 lie was nominated by the Republicans as their candi- date for City Solicitor, and defeated William L. Hirst by a large majority, in which capacity he found occasion for the exercise ot his great learning and legal talent in sustaining the validity of the Girard bequests, one of which, known as the " Girard College Trust," involved the block of ground between Chestnut and Market aud Eleventh and Twelfth streets. H. D. Foster, Ex-Judge Parry, Frank Hughes, Ex-Judge Knox, and Messrs. Coates and Dewees were retained as counsel for the heirs and had obtained a decision PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BENCH AND BAR. adverse to the city. The new City Solicitor appealed the case, and with David W. Sellers, Esq., argued the appeal before the Supreme Court, where the decision in the court below was reversed. In the Chestnut Street Bridge case additional laurels were added to Mr. Brewster's civic crown. The most eventful, although not the most celebrated, case was that of the Mintzer contested will case, in which Mr. Brewster's eloquence was so powerful as to move Judge, jury and spectators to tears, and a new trial was granted by Judge Ludlow on the ground that the " eloquence of Mr. Brewster had been so irresistible that no twelve sane men could have failed to be controlled bv it." The case, however, was never re-tried. At the close of his first term as City Solicitor Mr. Brewster was re-elected, but before his second term was fairly begun he was elected one of the Judges of the Courts of Philadelphia. After serving with ability on the Bench for three years, he was appointed Attorney-General by Governor Geary, which position he tilled with great credit for three years, 1869-70-71. He was famous as a law preceptor, and over fifty gentlemen have studied law under his direction and been admitted to the Bar. For many years Judge Brews- ter has been recognized uni- versally as the leader among his contemporaries in Penn- sylvania, saving the eminent Judge Jerry S. Black, of whom he was an acknowledged peer. Brewster's Digest of Penn- sylvania Decisions. Brewster's Reports, 4 vols. Brewster's Blacktoue.with rule in Shelly 's case. Brewster's Practice, 2 vols. Brewster's Moliere, Life and Plays. Brewster's DisrEeli. editorial writing. In 1S63 he entered the office of John C. Bullitt, Esq. Mr. Dickson has been concerned in the foreclosure and reor- ganization of many railroads, and was one of the counsel for the receivers of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company during both the receiverships, and was a member of the Board of Reorganization and the Chairman of the Executive Committee which restored the road to its stockholders. In 1S67 Mr. Dickson married a daughter of the late Erskiue Hazard. JAMES H. LITTLE Was born December 1, 1835, in the City of Baltimore, Md., parentage Henry and Margaret Little, was brought in early life to Philadelphia, where he was educated in pri- vate and public schools, gradu- ating meritoriously from the Central High School of that city in February, 1863, and securing therefrom, successive- ly, the degrees of A. B. and A. M., subsequently entered the office of the late Charles E. Lex, Esq., as a law student. Was admitted to the Bar of Philadelphia, December 13, 1856, and afterwards to that of the Supreme Court of Penn - svlvania and of the Supreme Court of the United States. Since attaining his majority, Mr. Little has been engaged in the practice of his profession, representing at times important private and corporate interests. WILLIAM C. HANNIS Was born in Philadelphia, March 4, 1835, educated at Free- niont Seminary, Norristown, Pa., graduated from the Law Depart- ment of the University of Pennsvlvania and admitted to the Bar of Philadelphia on March 4, 1858. Since his admission he has been continually engaged in the practice of his profession, and has held no other office. He has declined all practice in the criminal courts and never appears there, except in rare and ex- ceptional cases. On all other subjects his practice has been large and varied, and he has been retained in many im- portant cases, among others, by the Reconstruction Trus- tees, for the reorganization of the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad Company, and it was under his advice and guidance that the late plan of reorgani- zation of said company was formulated and carried into execution. He is a Republi- can in politics, but non-partisan in local matters. LEWIS D. VAIL F. Carroll Brewster SAMUEL DICKSON Who for more than a quarter of a century has been associated with John C. Bullitt, Esq., in the practice of the law, was born near Newburgh, N. Y., February 2, 1837. He came to Philadelphia in 1850, and after having completed his preparation for college was entered as a student in the Department of Arts in the University of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in the class of 1855. He was then registered as a student of law in the office of Constant Guillou, Esq., and after attending lectures at the Law School of the University for two years was admitted to the Bar, October, 185S. About two years after his admission to the Bar the place of Librar- ian of the Law Library became vacant by the resignation of John William Wallace, and Mr. Dickson was appointed to fill it, a posi- tion that he held four years, when he resigned and was succeeded by James T. Mitchell, now one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the State. During his occupancy of this position he did some Was born at Stroudsburg, Monroe county, Pennsylvania, March 17, 1832. His father, Dr. Charles Vail, was from Morris county, N. J., and practiced medicine many years at Stroudsburg, where he died in 1836. His mother was Ra- chel DePui Stroud, a descend- ant of the first settlers of this State. Mr. Vail was a fresh- man and sophomore at Lafay- ette College, Easton, Pennsyl- vania, and then went to Prince- ton College, where he gradu- ated in 1851. That winter he taught the district school at Shawnee, Pa., and in the spring of 1S52 he took charge of the Stroudsburg Academy. The fall of 1S54 he re-organized and graded the public schools of that place. Early in 1856 he removed to Philadelphia, and studied law under the direction of Richard C. McMurtrie, Esq., one of the ablest lawvers of that city. In 1S58 he was admitted to practice, aud his standing before the court can be judged from the testimon- ials given bv the Philadelphia Judges in the year iSSS, when Mr. Vail had been named as a candidate for the position of Associate Law- Judge of Lackawanna county, from which the following extract is taken, viz : " Mr. Vail has for many years been an active and prominent member of the legal profession of this city, whose ability and learning as well as his fidelity to the Bench and to his clients, has commended him to the confidence of every one, and has gained for him the fullest confidence of the Bench of this city." He has acted in many notable cases. From the foundation of the Law and Order Society, he has been their attorney, and by his skill aud firmness has won the respect and the gratitude of good citizens. In i860 he married a daughter of Hon. George M. Stroud, and has seven sons and two living daughters. Two of his sons are farmers, one is a minister, two are in college, aud two at school. He is a member of the Protestant Episcopal church, for many years PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR I'll I I.ADP.LPII1 A.XS. BENCH AND BAR. Warden and a delegate to the Diocesan Convention. lie- is a manager of the Germantown Young Men's Christian Association, and also of tlic Philadelphia Sabbath Society. Several years he was Secretary of the Pennsylvania Sabbath School Association. RICHARD LEWIS ASHHURST Was born February 5, 1838, at Naples, Italy, where his parents were then temporarily sojourning. I le is the son of John Ashhurst and Harriet, daughter of .Manuel Eyre, both of Philadelphia. He graduated from the Department of Arts of the University of Penn- sylvania, July, 1856, and received degree of Master of Art, July, 1S59. He delivered the Greek Salutatory ( (ration at the commence- ment in 1856. He studied law with Hon. Win. M. Meredith, and was admitted to the Philadelphia liar June, 1859. In the same year he reeeived the degree of Bachelor of Laws from the University of Pennsylvania. In August, 1862, he entered into the service of the United States as First Lieutenant and Adjutant of the One Hundred and Fiftieth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, commanded by Colonel I.aughamWistcr. This regiment was attached to the Army of the Potomac, constituting part of the Third Division of the First Army Corps. R. L. Ashhurst received two brevets, the first as Captain for meritorious service, at Chancellorsville, and the second as Major for distinguished gallantry at Gettysburg. He was severely wounded at Gettysburg and resigned from the service September, 1863. Since that time he has been continuously engaged in the practice of his profession. He has always been a Republican in politics, but has never held or been a candidate for any public office. THOMAS R. ELCOCK Judge Elcock, as he is familiarly known in legal circles, is one of the most prominent and successful lawyers of Philadelphia, a dis- tinction won wholly upon his merits. He continues as hard stu- dent now as when he first began the study of law, and to his close application to his profession is largely due his prominence among our great attorneys. He is one of the ablest speakers at the Phila- delphia Bar, and an address from him never fails to interest and instruct those who hear it, as it is replete with sound logic, is care- fully worded and delivered in a most pleasing manner, forcible at times, but never inelegant, and only harmful to those deserving of harsh words. Mr. Elcock was born in this city in the year 1840, and was admitted to the Bar of Philadelphia in 1861, after a careful preparation under some of the most noted attorneys of the day. His ability soon commanded public attention, and it was not long after he was entitled to the Esquire after his name that he had succeeded in establishing a large general practice, which continued until 1874, when he was elected one of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, which office he held for the full term of ten years. He was as efficient on the Bench as he had been before it, and his rulings and decisions were as impartial as they were sound and logical. After retiring from the Judgeship he resumed general legal prac- tice, and to-day has as large a clientage as any lawyer in the city. He has taken part, both while on the Bench and at the Bar, in many of the most important cases, both civil and criminal, tried in the city, as well as before the Supreme tribunals. He is a member of many social organizations, including the famous Clover Club, a director of the Beneficial Saving Fund and a trustee of a number of charitable institutions. Socially, Mr. Elcock is without a peer, humorous in the extreme, and can tell and enjov a good storv with the best of his fellow professionals. Intellectually, lie is far above the average ; in short, he is one who commands respect and esteem from those with whom he comes in contact. JAMES R. BOOTH James R. Booth was born at Forfar, Scotland, April 8, 1839. He was educated in the public schools of Philadelphia, and gradu- ated from the Central High School in February, 1S58. He received the degree of Master of Arts from that institution in February', 1862. He studied law with Wardale & McAllister, and was admitted to the Bar on March 12, 1S61. He was Clerk of the old Court of Common Pleas under Prothon- otaries Charles D. Knight and Frederick G. Wolbert. He was city editor of The Press for several years, and was afterward on the edi- torial staff of the Democratic newspaper called The Age. Subse- quently he devoted his entire time to the practice of his profession, which was large and remunerative. He married Mary E., daughter of the late John Cassidy, on January 29, [866, and lias two children. Ih- was one of the founders of the Commonwealth Title Company, and during the fust year of its existence was one of its Board of Directors, resigning therefrom by reason of a pressure of other busi- ness. He is an active member of the St. Andrew's Society and other charitable organizations, and is one of the Board of Directors of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. ROBERT H. HINCKLEY A lineal descendant of Governor Thomas Hinckley who was Governor of the Plymouth Colony, Mass., from [68] to 1692. Mr. Hinckley was born within the limits of the old district of Northern liberties of Philadelphia. He was educated in the public schools and graduated at the Central High School in 1859. He studied law in the office of George Junkin, Esq., and re- mained with that gentleman for sixteen years. Mr. Hinckley has been engaged in active practice since his admission, in 1864. He defended the election officers who were sued by Miss Carrie Burnham (afterward Mrs. Kilgore) who claimed that she was entitled to vote under the State Constitution. In the case of Hatchett vs. Little, reported in 116 LTnited States Reports, Mr. Hinckley argued before the Supreme Court of the 1'nited States the question whether a passenger who had no control over the vehicle could have the negligence of the driver imputed to him. The English case of Thorogood vs. Bryan had been followed in Pennsylvania, but the Supreme Court of the 1'nited States accorded with Mr. Hinckley's line of argument and refused to follow that precedent. Mr. Hinckley attends the Chambers Presbyterian Church and is active in its Sunday School. He represents several corporations and societies, and has acted in the settlement of several large estates in some of which he has been executor. JOHN CHRISTIAN BULLITT There is no lawyer at the Philadelphia Bar more distinguished or successful than John C. Bullitt, who was born in Jefferson County, Kentucky, February to, 1824. Mr. Bullitt's ancestry is as old as it was prominent and respectable. The first of the family to locate in America was a French Huguenot, Benjamin Bullitt, who left the pro- vince of Languedoc to escape the persecution that followed the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and upon hisarrival in this coun- try settled near Port Tobacco, Maryland. He had one son, Benja- min, who purchased lands in Fauquier County, Virginia, in 1727, and there married Elizabeth Harrison, the result of the union being five children, one of whom, Captain Thomas Bullitt, visited the Falls of Ohio in 1773, and there laid out the City of Louisville. Cuthbert Bullitt, another son, married Helen Scott, of Prince Wil- liam County, Virginia, and was one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of that state. Their son, Alexander Scott Bullitt, settled in Kentucky in 1783, and purchased near Louisville a tract of 1000 acres, which was called Oxmoor, and is now owned by John C. Bul- litt. He married a niece of Patrick Henry, a Miss Christian, and ranked among the most prominent Kenluckians of his day. He was a memberof the convention that framed the Constitution of the State, President of the second Constitutional Convention, served in both branches of the Legislature, and one term as Lieutenant-Gov- ernor. His son, William C. Bullitt, father of the subject of this sketch, was a member of the third Constitutional Convention of Kentuckv. Another son, Joshua Fry Bullitt, held the office of Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals of Kentucky, and assisted in revising the code of practice and the civil code of the State. A third son, Theodore W. Bullitt, is at the present time one of the leaders of the Kentucky Bar. John C. Bullitt's mother was Mildred Ann Fry, whose great-grandfather, Joshua Fry, came from England to America before the Revolution, and held a prominent place in the history of the colony of Virginia, commanding a regiment of colon- ial troops in Braddock's campaign, and at his death he was suc- ceeded in command by George Washington. Mr. Bullitt graduated at eighteen with honor from Centre Col- lege, Danville, Ky., studied law at the L T niversity of Lexington, and at the age of twenty-one was admitted to the Louisvill He located at Clarksvilfe, Teun., in September, 1S45, but resided there only a brief period. Later, he returned to Louisville, where he remained three years, and in 1S49 he came to Philadelphia. He has since resided here. Mr. Bullitt was educated in the faith of the Whig party, and his first Philadelphia appearance in matters polit- ical was at a meeting held July 8, 1850, in the Chinese Museum building, at Ninth and Sansoui Streets, where the Continental PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. BENCH AND BAR. Hotel now stands. He delivered an able and vigorous address, and at its conclusion three hearty cheers were given him. Upon the dissolution of the Whig party Mr. Bullitt identified himself with the Democrats, a change that was very unpopular at that time in Philadelphia. Although a Democrat, he neither approved of seces- sion nor of the extreme views held by the Republican party, and he was among the leading spirits of his party in the State to restrain the dominant party within legitimate and conservative bounds. He found that the war was inevitable, however, and con- sidering his first obligation was to Pennsylvania, he did his whole duty as a citizen of the State. As a lawyer Mr. Bullitt has been most conspicuous in the set- tlement of the tangled affairs of railroad and banking corporations. While it has been the province of others to fit them only for the hands of the receivers, it has been his part to refit them for the hands of their stockholders. He was the leading counsel for the syndicate of capitalists who proposed to rescue the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad Company from the shoals and rocks on which it had been cast, and to restore it to its security holders. How well he succeeded is shown by the present exist- ence of the company. In the case of the failure in 1873 of the great banking house of Jay Cooke and Co. , Mr. Bullitt w-as wholly successful in protecting all of those who accepted his counsel, and his was the direct- ing mind in the settlement of that great estate, and that it was so well settled will always redound to his honor. He was counsel for the bankers, and through his assiduous efforts those creditors who were pa- tient realized their claims in full. Without doubt the most valuable service Mr. Bullitt ever rendered his fellow-citi- zens as a public man was that of formulating and securing the adoption of the new charter of Philadelphia, which by com- mon consent received the name of the "Bullitt Bill." This instrument is his, wrought out by him as a labor of love, without fee or reward of any kind, and will be a monument to his memory. It is useless for us to attempt in our limited space to do justice to the many great cases, both legal and pub- lic, with which Mr. Bullitt has been identified. Suffice then to say, his success at the Bar has been commensurate with his great personal worth, his professional integrity and his public spirit. His practice has not been equalled in importance and extent by any lawyer in Pennsylvania, and to-day he lias probably the largest of any at the Philadelphia Bar. He was married to Miss Therese Langhorne, who died April 30, 1881. The living children from the union are, Therese L., wife of Dr. Coles, of the United States navy; William C, president of the Pocahontas Coal Com- pany ; Logan McKnight, vice-president of the Northern Pacific Coal Company; Julia, wife of Frank M. Dick, of Philadelphia; Helen, wife of Walter Rogers Furness, of Philadelphia ; James F. Bullitt, a member of the Philadelphia Bar, and John C. Bullitt, Jr. In concluding this sketch a reference must be made to Mr. Bul- litt as a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1S73, who, during his brief membership, succeeded in having adopted that amendment which provided that the owner of property should be compensated for injuries to property as we'll as for property taken in the construction of public works. Philadelphia. Dr. E. S. Ely was its pastor. He was born in Fayette, Howard county, Missouri, in 1843, and returned with his parents to Philadelphia in 1844. Graduated at the Philadelphia Central High School in 1S61. Served in the Twentieth Pennsyl- vania Militia in 1862 during the first raid or invasion of Pennsyl- vania by the Confederates. Admitted to the Bar in 1S65 and became at once engaged in active practice in all branches of law. Is con- nected with numerous charitable organizations. "Is Solicitor for the Pennsylvania Seaman's Friend Society. Trustee of the Third Presbyterian Church. Of the legal firm of Lister, Barlow & Chase. JOSEPH J. DORAN Who has been associated with John C. Bullitt and Samuel Dickson since his admission to the Bar, is a native of Philadelphia, where he was born January 17, 1844. He is a son of Hon. Joseph M. Doran, who was an active member of the Convention in 1837 to revise the Constitution of Pennsylvania, and who, in 1S40, was appointed to the Bench of the Court of General Sessions of Philadelphia. Mr. Dorau received his preliminary education in pri- vate schools, principally that of John W. Faires, by whom he was prepared to enter the University of Pennsylvania. He remained, however, at the University but a very short time, when in the fall of 1S60 he entered the office of John C. Bullitt, first as a clerk, then as a student of law, and from whose office he was admitted to the Bar in April, 1865. Two years subsequently he was ad- mitted to practice in the Su- preme Court of Pennsylvania. Mr. Doran has made the study of the law governing railroads a specialty, and has been Gen- eral Solicitor of the Norfolk and Western Railroad since the organization of that compi 11 v. John Christian Bullitt CHARLES L. LISTER Is a son of the late Dr. James S. Lister, who settled in Mis- souri in 1,842 with tile colony from the " Old Pine Street Church," WILLIAM G. FOULKE Was born in Rucks county, Pa., on the 5th of January, 1837. He is a descendant of the well-known good old Quaker family of that name, who came from Wales and settled near Peullyu, Montgomery county, in the year 1698. Owing to his limited means he was de- prived of a collegiate course, which he always regretted, and his early education was acquired in private country schools. He was of a studious turn of mind, and early in life entered the profession of teaching in the country, in connection with which he devoted his spare time to study. Desiring the advantages of citv life, in 1859 he took a position as teacher in the "Friends' Central School," of Philadelphia, where he taught successfully for a number of years, after which he registered as a law student in the office of Hon. F. Carroll Brewster, taking at the same time a course in the legal department of the University of Pennsylvania. He was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in June, 1S65. In 1863, at the time when the greatest excitement and anxiety pre- vailed, as the Rebel army had invaded the State of Pennsylvania, he entered the Union army to serve during the war, and the autumn following its termination he was discharged and at once com- menced the practice of law in this city, since which time he has closely and successfully applied himself to active practice. Being of a retiring disposition, and having no taste for jury trials, he devoted himself to Orphan's Court and office practice, being counsel in the settlement of numerous estates and having charge of a number of Trusts. Mr. Foulkc is a resident of Germantown, where he and his PHILADELPHIA AND POPVLAk PHILADELPHIA^. BENCH AND BAR. family are well and popularly known in social circles, and where he is connected with several benevolent and public institutions in which he takes great interest. J. HOWARD GENDELL Born in the City of Philadelphia September 24, 1S44, and edu- cated in the private school of Prof. E- D. Saunders, D. C. Received the degree of LL. B., from the University of Pennsylvania in 1865. Admitted to the Bar October, 1865, since which he has been in con- tinuous practice, chiefly in Philadelphia. Since March, 1S79, Mr. S. W. Reeves and he have been associated under the firm name of Gendell & Reeves. S. W. REEVES Was born in Cape May county, N.J. Educated at the West Jersev Academy, Bridgeton, N. J., and at Princeton College, where he graduated in 1865. Studied law with E. Spencer Miller, Esq., and was assistant to him until his death in 1S79. Graduated from the law department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1867 and was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in September of that year, and has since practiced law in Philadelphia. Since March, 1879, Mr. J. Howard Gendell and he have been associated under the firm name of Gendell & Reeves. JOSEPH PARRISH Joseph Parrish was born in this city, July 6, 1843. His father, Dillwyn Parrish, was a son of a well known and distinguished phy- sician, who died in 1840, and his mother was Susanna Maxfield. Mr. Parrish 's ancestors on the paternal side were among the ear- liest settlers of this country, one of whom came over with Lord Cal- vert's emigration to Maryland. The partv consisted principally of Catholics, but Mr. Parrish's progenitor was a Quaker. Isaac Parrish was the first of his Penn- sylvania ancestors. He was a well known hatter, and numbered among his patrons General Washington. The subject of this sketch received his early schooling in private Quaker schools, but later matriculated at Haverford College, from which, while never having graduated from that institution, he had the degree of Master of Arts conferred upon him. From 1S60 to 1864 he was with the firm of J. B. Lippincott 6c Co. in various capacities, but preferring the legal profession, he resigned his posi- tion and became a lawstudent in the officeof Edward Hopper, Esq., and was matriculated at the Law School of the University of Penn- sylvania, from which he graduated in 1S66, and was admitted to the Bar in the same year, and has since practiced his profession. Two years later, September 3, 1868, he was united in marriage to Isabel P. Mott, daughter of Thomas Mott, and has three children. Associated with him in practice are William C. Harris, Ellis D. Williams, Joseph T. Bunting and Albert B. Williams. Mr. Parrish has also found time to lend valuable assistance to many of the re- form movements which have from time to time occupied public attention. He was a member and secretary of the Committee of One Hundred and the chairman of its Sub-Committee on frauds for a number of vears, a member of the Civil Service Reform Asso- ciation, Ballot Reform Association, New York Reform Club and the Independent Republican Convention, and one of the corporators of the Women's Medical College. SILAS W. PETTIT Silas Wright Pettit was born on October 20, 1844, at Philadel- phia. Son of William V. Pettit and Heloise Guillou, his wife. Silas W. Pettit was educated at Philadelphia, and was a student in the University of Pennsylvania at the breaking out of the Rebel- lion in 1861, and immediatelv enlisted in the regiment organized by Col. Small. He afterwards enlisted in the fifteenth Regiment Regular United States Infantry and was promoted to Second Lieu- tenant, but owingto illness contracted in the first operations against Corinth, Miss., in 1S62, was compelled to resign. After serving with the emergency men raised to defend the State from Lee's invasion in 1.S63, he entered the volunteer service and served until mustered out in 1N65 with the rank of Captain. Mr. Pettit has always taken a warm interest in the National Guard of the State, and after serving as captain of a company was appointed by the late Gen. Hartranft Judge Advocate of the division, and after serving the full time required bj ced upon the retired list, with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. Alter his resignation from the army in [862 Mr. Pettit was reg- istered as a student of law in the office of the late Samuel H. Pick- ing, and was admitted to the Bar in [866, one year after he was finally mustered out of the service. Since that time he has been actively engaged in the practice of his profession, at first, as is usual with young men, appearing in the criminal courts as well as in the civil, but for twenty years past his practice has been exclusively in Equity and Common Pleas law courts, both of the State ami the United States, in which he has by industry, ability and integrity secured a large clientage, especially in cases involving the law of corporations, and is the regular counsel for the Western Union Tel- egraph Company, the Commercial Exchange of Philadelphia, sev- eral national banks and other large interests, \\v has been for the last five years elected one of the Board of Censors of the Philadel- phia Bar Association. In politics Mr. Pettit has always been a staunch Republican, and although unwilling to give up his profession to assume any public office, has taken an active front in the support anil vindica- tion of his party principles and policy. He has been a Director of the Union League of Philadelphia for several years, and was recently elected one of its Vice-Presidents, receiving the largest vote of any of the candidates voted for. WILLIAM W. PORTER To-day one of the most prominent members of the Philadelphia Bar, is the son of the late Judge William A. Porter, who was during his distinguished life, Sheriff, District Attorney, City Solicitor, Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, Judge of the Court of Alabama Claims, at Washington, and at the time of his death one of the leaders of the Philadelphia Bar. Judge Porter was the sou of David R. Porter, who was a member of the House of Represen- tatives, and subsequently of the State Senate. He was elected Governor of Pennsylvania and served two terms with distinction. Governor Porter was the son of General Andrew Porter, who was upon the staff of General Washington during the war of the Revolution. (See Penn'a. Mag- Vol. IV, No. 3) William W. Porter, the subject of this sketch, and his uncle, Gen. Horace Porter, of New York, are the two prominent living representatives of this distinguished family. William W. Porter was born at 623 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, and curiously enough in the very room which he now uses as his private office. He en- tered the Department of Arts in the University of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1875 with the degree of A. P.., taking the degree of M. A., three years later. While at college he gave indication of that forensic ability which has since earned him reputation. He was admitted to the Bar in May, 1877, and immediately took part in the active practice of the profession. He was soon acknowledged to be an accomplished special pleader, and for a period covering nearly ten vears he was closely associated with his father not only in court but in the advisory relations with clients. It was during these years that Mr. Porter originally became identified as counsel with some of the largest estates ever settled in Philadelphia, among them the Macallester estate and estates of J. Edgar Thomson and Thomas A. Scott, the two successive presidents of the Pennsylvania Railroad. In the Common Pleas before juries Mr. Porter's oratorical powers had full sway, and early in his professional experience in a divorce case, occasioning considerable popular interest, his address to the jury was believed to have alone secured the verdict for his client. After these came the great Megargee Insurance case, four separate times in the Supreme Court, then the case of Goldsmith vs. Walker, in which a verdict was obtained for a physician who had wrongly committed a person with the measles to the small-pox hospital. Then the well known N'eill will case, the Meurer case. twice in the Supreme Court, and Arnold vs. the Pennsylvania Rail- road company. Recently he argued the ease of Riegel i'S. Insur- ance company, in which the Supreme Court were equally divided and subsequently on a re-argument reversed the court below in favor of Mr. Porter's client. The most recent case of prominence tried by him was, strange to say, in the criminal division of the United States Court. In this suit, 'which was heard before Judge Butler in May, 1891, a departure was made from the infrangible rule of the office " never to ] in the criminal courts." Mr. Porter, convinced that his client had a good case, although under grave suspicion, allowed himself to be prevailed upon to advocate the cause. The trial lasted several days and resulted in the honorable acquittal of the accused after a short 39 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA'S. BENCH AND BAR. deliberation by the jury. Mr. Porter's address, consuming several hours, was regarded as a magnificent effort. Not only as an advocate is his reputation high. His opinions as a counsellor and adviser are held in esteem, and his clientage to- day represents a long list of important corporations and prominent individuals. During the intervals in his active practice, Mr. Porter has found time to enter the literary field. His pamphlet on the Marriage laws of Pennsylvania created wide-spread attention and did much to modify the then notoriously evil legislation on that subject in Pennsylvania. The law publishers, Messrs. Kay & Bro., have now in press a volume of some 500 pages prepared by Mr. Porter, on the law relating to bills of lading. This will be the first publication on this important subject in the United states. Mr. Porter is a member of the Second Presbyterian Church, and is identified as counselor director with a number of charitable institutions. Among them the Union Benevolent Society, the So- ciety to Protect Children from Cruelty, the Pennsylvania Bible So- ciety, the Midnight Mission, and the Philadelphia Tract and Mis- sion Society. In politics he is a staunch Republican, but has identified himself at times with the Re- form element i n municipal elections. He is a member of the Union League Club, the Art Club, the Society of the Cincinnati, the Scotch-Irish Society, and, until his recent resignation, was secretary of the Law Association of Phila- delphia. pany, of Pittsburgh, and of the Fidelity Title and Deposit Com- pany, Newark, N. J. He is a member of the German Society, of the German Hospital, of the Board of Governors of the Maternity Hospital, of the Fairmount Park Art Association, the Law Associa- tion, Pennsylvania Historical Society, the Penn Club, the Art Club, the Philadelphia Rifle Club, and the Athletic Club of the Schuyl- kill Navy, American Academy of Political and Social Science, Uni- versity Archaeological Association, University Athletic Association. He is also a member of the Board of Managers of the Associated Alumni of the Central High School and one of that coterie of gen- tlemen wdio compose the famous dining organization, the Five O'clock Club. He is married and has two children. ALFRED MOORE WILLIAM H. STAAKE Among the comparatively young members of the Bar who have attained prominence in the profession is William H. Staake. He was born in Brook- lyn, December 5, 1847, but at an early age was brought to Philadelphia, where he has since resided. His early edu- cation was acquired in private and public schoo's and in the Central High School, from which he graduated in Febru- ary, [865. The class of which he was a member has since be- come distinguished as the War Class of the High School. He graduated from the Law De- partment of the University of Pennsylvania in 1S68, studied law in the office of Gustavus Remak, and was admitted to the Bar March 14, 1S6S. Since that time he has practiced con- tinuously and successfully his profession, being popular at the Bar and respected by the Judges. When a young man Mr. Staake took an interest in politics, becoming well known as a speaker for the Democratic party. He abandoned politics, however, for the sake of his profession, and is now independent. In religious circles Mr. Staake is well known. He holds many offices in the Lutheran Church organ- ization and is perhaps the most prominent layman of that denom- ination in the United States. He was one of the corporators and is the youngest of the seven deacons of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Holy Communion, Broad and Arch Streets, and since 1S75 has been delegate to the different Conferences and to the Evangelical Lutheran Ministerium of Pennsylvania and adjacent States. Since 1875 he has also been elected a delegate from the Ministerium to the General Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in North America, the national body of that church. He is now and has been for many years the treasurer of this great de- nominational body and of its Board of Foreign Missions. He has also been conspicuous in promoting church building, the study of theology and the strengthening generally of Lutheran Church inter- ests. Mr. Staake is solicitor for the German American Title and Trust Company and a director of the Fidelity Title and Trust Com- WiLtiAM W. Porter Alfred Moore, Esq., a prominent member of the Philadelphia Bar, upon the expiration of the present year will have been a prac- titioner in the courts of this city for a period of twenty-three years. Mr. Moore was born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania. He is of Quaker lineage, and is en- dowed with many of the noble traits characteristic of that sect. The days of his child- hood and youth were spent in the neighborhood of his birth- place. After finishing his edu- cation in the public schools and higher institutions of learning, he followed his strongest in- clinations in taking up the study of law for his chosen profession. He came to Phil- adelphia in 1865 and entered the law office of Nathan H. Sharpless, Esq., under whose able tutorship he rapidly ac- quired a clear knowledge of Blackstone and Coke. He was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in 1S6S, and has since been engaged in active practice in the courts of the city. In 1S74 he became associ- ated in practice with Hon. D. Newlin Fell, one of the bril- liant legal lights of the Phila- delphia Bar at that time, who has since been made a Judge in the Courts of Common Pleas. This law partnership continued until 1.S77, when the appointment of Mr. Fell to the Bench made its dissolution necessary. Upon the retire- ment of Judge Fell from the firm the large practice built up by these two members was re- tained by Mr. Moore. His thorough knowledge of the law and ripe judgment, combined with his honesty and high integrity as a citizen and a lawyer, have won for him the esteem, respect and confidence of men engaged in the commercial world, wherever he is known. His clientage consists principally of those numbered among the prominent and repre- sentative business men of Philadelphia. In the public affairs of the city he has always manifested a deep interest. In 18S2 he was elected by Councils one of the trustees of the Philadelphia Gas Works, of which body he continued to be a member until the time of its expiration. GEORGE PE1RCE Lawyer Peirce is a native Philadelphian, having been born here October 6, 1.S47. His father was the late Judge William S. Feirce, and his mother, Miss Elizabeth Irwin Baldwin, both of whom were descended from old and honorable families. Mr. Pdrce received his early education in the Quaker schools of Philadelphia, and later at the United States Naval Academy, at Annapolis, to which he gained admission by passing a most creditable examination. Shortly after the breaking out of the great Civil War, although a 40 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BENCH AND BAR. mere lad, Mr. Peirce was a midshipman in Uncle Sam's navy, per- formin.tr service at sea on the United States sloop of war Marion, United States steamer Winnipeg, and the United States frigate Macedonian. After spending four years in this service, and the war having ended, he resigned his commission in 1866. He at once began the study of law, for which he hail a great fondness, in the office of Edward Hopper, Esq., and on November 14, 1S69, he was admitted to the Bar. He was then just twenty-one years old, and feeling that a further course of study would prove bene- ficial, he entered the law department of Harvard College, in which he took a partial course. He then began the practice of law in earnest and soon rose to prominence through his display of ability. His business is principally advisory, although he has hail and con- tinues enjoying a large practice in the Orphans' Court, and the care of estates and administration of trusts. Mr. Peirce is a member of the Welsh Society, the Numismatic anil Antiquarian Society, and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. While not brilliant in oratory, Mr. Peirce is, nevertheless, an impressive speaker, and creates a favorable impression upon his hearers by his plain con- cisely worded remarks, which are replete with logic and force. He has been singularly successful with his cases, and ranks to-day one of the brightest ami most popular members of the Philadelphia Bar. WILLIAM GREW Was born in the Northern Liberties of Philadelphia on January 2S, 1843. His father's death, while he was yet a boy, interrupted his school studies and his subsequent education was derived from private teachers, with whom lie studied at night, the day being de- voted to labor in aiding his mother to raise a young family, of whom the subject of our sketch was the eldest son. In 1862 he en- listed as a private soldier in Collis' Zouaves, One Hundred and Fourteenth Pennsylvania Regiment, and was with that command in several general engagements, coming out of the war with a cred- itable record. He has since been an active member of the Regi- mental Association and was chairman of the committee for raising and placing the monument of that organization on the Gettysburg battle field. His health was much impaired by his services in the field, but subsequently recovering, he studied law and was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar on January 9, 1S69, and immediately entered upon the practice of his chosen profession, in which he has attained a large measure of success. He was, on January 1, 1872, appointed an Assistant City Solictor, in which office he served six years suc- cessively as third, second, and first assistant, having for his col- leagues in that department the late Hon. William H. Yerkes, Asso- ciate Judge of Common Pleas No. 3, Hon. Robert N. Wilson, now Associate Judge of Court of Common Pleas No. 4, and Hon. Wil- liam N. Ashman, now Associate Judge of Orphan's Court. In 1878, his health being quite broken down by application to business, he went, by medical advice, to Northwestern Kansas where he re- mained until 18S0, wdien he returned much benefited and resumed the practice of the law. He has since that time been actively at work and in addition to his own practice has served as legal adviser to several of the high sheriffs of the County of Philadelphia, in which special line of practice he is regarded as an authority. Although a man of quiet homelike tastes and of studious habits combined with a great love of the higher branches of literature and music, he is a member of several clubs and social organizations and frequently seeks recreation from labor in the pleasures of society. DALLAS SANDERS A prominent attorney and President of the Wayne Title and Trust Co., of Wayne, Pa., and of the Dime Savings Bank of Philadelphia, was born in this city Januarv 13, 1848. He studied law in the office of his cousin George M. Dallas, Esq., and was ad- mitted to the Bar January, 1869. While a student of law, and after his admission to the Bar, he took an active interest in the Law Academy and was its Secretary, Prothonotary and President at different times. In January, 187S, he was appointed Assistant to District Attorney Hagert, and served three years in that position with credit to himself and satisfaction to the community. In February, 1882, he was elected a member of Common Council from the Seventh, a strong Republican Ward, notwithstanding he was a Democrat in politics, and served for two years, participating actively in the work of that body especially in legislation relating to sanitary matters, and improved methods of drainage and sewerage. He was chairman of the Committee on Surveys during the last year of his term. Mr. Sanders has for years been actively identified with Hie Democratic party, often representing it in its County and State conventions, and once in 1S80, in its National Convention, at Cin- cinnati, where he voted for Samuel J. Tilden for President, and on Mr. Til. leu's withdrawal for Samuel J. Randall, whom In admired devotedly. In 1885, he was the nominee: of the party for Sheriff, leading his ticket, and in 1S87 he was elected chairman of the State Committee where he displayed great ability as an organizer, and, as has since been conceded, was "one of the most efficient chairmen the Democrats ever had." In 1890, several philanthropic gentlemen appreciating the im- portance of encouraging especially in the youngthe habit of saving, secured a charter for a Dime Savings Bank and elected Mr. Sanders its President. This bank has been in existence little over a year, has now over five thousand accounts and promises to become a very useful financial institution, inculcating thrifty economical views among those who should save some of their earnings. He was also about the same time elected President of the Wayne Title and Trust Company, which is located at Wayne, on the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Its specialty is country conveyancing and country title insurance in Bucks, Ches- ter, Delaware and Montgomery Counties. Mr. Sanders is a member of the Civil Service Reform Asssocia- tion, of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, of the Public Education Association, and of the Philadelphia, Rittenhousc and Art Clubs, being a director in the former. JOHN B. COLAHAN, Jr. Among those who have acquired a high reputation in the prac- tice of the legal profession in this city is Mr. John B. Colahan, Jr., whose offices are located at Nos. 507 and 509 Drexel Building. He was born in the City of Philadelphia, in 1848, and is the son of John B. Colahan, Sr., the well-known lawyer who has practiced at the Bar of this State since the year 1843. Mr. Colahan, Jr., received his education in early life at Saunders Institute, St. Joseph's Col- lege, and graduated at the High School in the early part of 1S66. After finishing his education, he studied law in his father's office for three years, and attended the law department at the Pennsyl- vania University, and was admitted to the Bar in May, 1S69, when he started in the practice of his profession at 524 Walnut Street, re- maining there for some twenty years ; his practice became large and lucrative ; having made a close study of real estate law, his opinion was often sought by property owners in the examination 01 titles, this practice being chiefly confined to the Oqffians' Court, Common Pleas and Supreme Court. He was also Solicitor for several large mining and manufacturing corporations, in addition to which he represented as counsel, several of the heirs of the late Joseph Dugau, in the prolonged litigation growing out of that estate. He was also counsel in the proceedings on the part of the heirs of General Robert Patterson and numbers of other large estates. He was a member of the Board of Direction of the Land Title and Trust Company, and counsel for them in some very im- portant cases ; and one of the originators in forming the Real Estate Title and Insurance Company. Mr. John B. Colahan, Jr., is a member of the Union League Club, and several other local organizations ; in politics, is a staunch Republican and is a member of the Committee of Fifty which were appointed amongst our leading citizens. As a lawyer, he is held in the highest respect and esteem both by the Bench and Bar. ELIAS P. SMITHERS Elias P. Smithers was born July 21, 1843, in Sussex County, State of Delaware. He graduated at the Law I lepartment of the University of Penn- sylvania with the degree of LL- B. in 1S69, and was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar the same }-ear, and two years later was admit- ted to practice before the Supreme Court of the State. In 1S72 he was appointed Assistant City Solicitor, and remained in that office until 1SS1, and then resigned. He was elected to Common Council from the Twenty-ninth Ward, Philadelphia, in 1SS3, and has served continually since. He has been Chairman of Common Council Committee on Law, Chair- man ot Joint Committees 011 Highways, and at present Chairman of Joint Committee on Finance. Office, 219 South Sixth Street. He makes a specialty of cases involving real estate and municipal law, in which he enjoys a large practice, as well as in other branches of his profession. Is a member of the Masonic order. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA NS. BENCH AND BAR. HENRY M. DECHERT Was born in Reading, Pa., on March n, 1S32, and is the son of Elijah Decliert, a prominent member of that Bar, and the grand- son of the Hon. Robert Porter, formerly President Judge of the Berks and Northampton Judicial District, who was also Lieutenant in the Pennsylvania line during the War of the Revolution ; the latter was the son of General Andrew Porter, of the Continental Army. Mr. Dechert graduated at Vale College in 1850, and after teaching for two years studied law with Hon. Charles B. Penrose, of this city, and was admitted to the Bar in 1854. He has been re- markably successful. His special lines have been in the trial of cases before juries, in real estate and in orphan's court practice. He is a ready and effective speaker. He served in the Union army as a lieutenant in the Fortieth Pennsylvania Regiment in 1862 and 1S63, and is an active member in George G. Meade Post, No. 1, G. A. R., and also of the Sons of the Revolution. He is a prominent and devoted Mason, and treasurer of the Grand Lodge sinking fund. He is president of the Commonwealth Title and Trust C0111- pany of this city, the stock of which is held entirely by law- yers and conveyancers. This company has obtained a strong position and is notably suc- cessful in its several branches of business. Mr. Dechert is a busy man in looking after the interests of his company, and also with his son, Henry T. Dechert, in conducting his pro- fessional practice. The latter is a prominent young lawyer who, although a hard student, is also active in military life, as Major of the Second Regi- ment, N. G- of Penna. Mr. Dechert is Vice-President of the Pennsylvania Training School for Feeble Minded Children, at Elwyn, Pa., and of the West Philadelphia Insti- tute ; treasurer of the Young Men's Institute, and a mana- ger in various other charitable institutions. His office is in the Drcxel building. WM. BROOKE RAWLE The subject of this sketch was born in Philadelphia on August 29, 1843. He is a son of Charles Wallace Brooke, de- ceased, by his wife Elizabeth Tilghinan, daughter of William Rawle (the younger) and has taken the surname of Brooke Rawle. His father was a mem- ber of the Philadelphia Bar, who attained a high place thereat for his ability and brilliancy, but who died in [849 at the early age of thirty-six years. His maternal great-grandfather was the celebrated jurist, Edward Tilghinan, who is remembered as one of the " leaders of the old Bar of Philadelphia." William Brooke Rawle was graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in the class of 1863. While yet a member of the Senior Class he entered the army during the Warof the Rebellion, asa Lieu- tenant in the Third Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry, and served con- tinuously with the Army of the Potomac from early in 1863 until some time after the close of the war, attaining the lineal rank of Captain and being brevetted Major and Lieutenant-Colonel for gallant ser- vice at the battle of Hatcher's Run, and in the campaign terminat- ing with Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House, respectively. Upon his discharge from the army he began the study of law wiili his uncle, the late William Henry Rawle, and was admitted to prac- tice at the Bar in May, 1867. He was associated in practice with the latter until his death in 18S9, when he succeeded him at the head of the family office. Inheriting the professional turn of mind of his ancestors, Mr. Brooke Rawlc's career as a lawyer has been most successful. Devoting himself necessarilv to the large and numerous estates in his charge his professional work has been chiefly confined to chamber practice. His management of the many and extensive trusts which have been confided him has gained for him an enviable reputation for integrity, ability and zeal. Among many others he has had in his fiduciary charge several of the old colonial estates, one of them being that of the Peun family. For many years he has been the Secretary of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and for a long period held the arduous anil respon- sible office of Treasurer of the Law Association, of Philadelphia, which he has recently resigned. JOHN STEWART McKINLAY Lawyer John S. McKinlay is pre-eminently a self-made man in the general acceptance of that comprehensive term. He is a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, where he was born April 17, 1850. His parents were of that class of Scots noted for their industry, thrift and economy. Two years after the birth of the subject of this sketch his parents removed with their family to America, settling in Ohio, which was considered the "far West" in those days. Their home was on a farm in Brown county, and in its public schools Mr. McKinlay began his education. At the age of fourteen he entered the High School at Ripley, Ohio, from which he graduated in 1865. He became a country school teacher, not as a permanent occupation, but as a stepping stone to the profession he had dreamed of, studied for and determined to enter many a day before. He taught school mostly in his own county, and within boarding distance of his own home, until he was nine- teen years of age, by which time he had earned and saved enough money to venture in beginning to study for his chosen profession, and in the fall of 1869 he came to Phila- delphia and began the study of law under Hon. John P. O'Neil, at the same time enter- ing the Law Department of the University of Pennsylvania, from which he graduated the same year, and was at once ad- mitted to the Philadelphia Bar. No time was lost in idleness by the young Scotchman, but his every moment was devoted to building up a clientage. He had decided to refuse no cause on account of the smallness of the fee, if it only had justice in it, and he has sacredly kept that pledge, so that to-day, when his waiting-rooms are thronged with clients, the five-dollar and ten-dollar fee cases take their turn at an audience with those which net him $500 or fiooo each, and get their fair share of attention, too. Mr. McKinlay's practice is both civil and criminal, anil while equally at home in either, his most marked successes have been in the lat- ter line, and not a few men indicted for murder were saved from the gallows by his shrewdness and natural tact. He succeeded the Hon. Lewis C. Cassidy as criminal lawyer for the Reading Railroad Company, and is counsel for banks, insurance companies, chartered corporations, private firms, individuals and estates. He has an extensive and lucrative practice in the Orphans' Court and in real estate settlements and litigation cases. Mr. McKinlay has never held any public office, but has been for some years past a consider- able factor in political affairs, especially in the Eighteenth Ward, where he resides. He is and has always been a staunch Republi- can, and his greatest political contest occurred in 1SS5, when he locked horns with the Gas Trust in his personal fight for the Sena- torial delegate to the State convention that nominated M. S. Quay for State Treasurer. His opponent was George Roney, and the fight a bitter one, Mr. McKinlay finally winning by a substantial majority. In 1S8S he was nominated by the Republicans of the fourth Congressional District for Prcsidcutal elector. Mr. McKin- Dechert 42 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PH1LADELPHIANS. BENCH AND BAR. lay is as popular among his fellow legal light circle of friends among the general public, honest, upright, generous and a man whose v bond. MOSES VEALE ; as he is with a large who know him to lie ord is as good as his Lawyer, Orator and Soldier, was born in Bridgeton, N. J., November 9, 1832. The son of Moses Vcale and Elizabeth Sharpe. His father's grandfather, Nchemiah Yeale settled near Bridgeton, in the year 1700, and Walter Vealc was rector of Idysligh, North Devon, England, 1691. His mother's family, the Sharpes, settled at Salem, New Jersey, 1675, then called the District of Fairfax, and a great uncle of his mother was appointed Judge of the District by George the First. His mother's father was in the charge at Lundy's Lane, under Gem Scott, as a non-commissioned officer, and died at Sackett's Harbor. He married the daughter of William McDonald and Elizabeth Wynne. Her great-grandfather McDonald was one of the Free Quakers of the Revolution, and her mother's great-grandfather was Thomas Wynne, who came with Wil- liam Pcnn, as surgeon. Major Veale received an education in the Quaker Semi- nary at Philadelphia, Pa., and was for three years instructor in the same, after which he read law and was admitted to the Courts of Philadelphia, and the Supreme Courts of Pennsylvania. Soon after the breaking out of the war, he was mustered into the service of the United States, as Second Lieutenant Co. F., One Hundred and Ninth, Pennsylvania, Novem- bers, [861. During the spring and summer of 1862, he served upon the staff of Gen. C. C. Augur, as Assistant Provost Marshal, and later upon the staff of Gen. John W. Geary, as Assistant Commissary of Musters and Aid-de-camp, with the several ranks of Lieuten- ant, Captain and Major. He was commissioned Captain April 4, 1863, and Major, Ma}' 4, 1864, and has the record of having mustered the first veteran volunteer reg- iment ever sworn into the service of the United States, the Twenty-ninth Pennsyl- vania. Major M. Veale was dis- charged from the service by special order of the War Department, June 8, 1865, and has a com- mission dated January 16, 1865, as Brevet Colonel for gallant and meritorious services at the Battles of Cedar Mountain, Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wauhatchie, Lookout Mountain, Mis- sionary Ridge, Ringgold, Resaca, New Hope Church, Pine Knob, Siege of Savannah, and Gen. Sherman's campaign throughout the Carolinas. In an extract written by Gen. John W. Geary, he speaks of him in the following terms. " Major Veale was the bravest of the brave." Gen. John H. Kane says, " He showed much gallantry in action," and the following letter written by that splendid soldier, fighting Joe Hooker : "It gives me great pleasure to state for the informa- tion of all concerned that I knew Major Veale well during the late war, and that I regard his services on the staff of Gen. Geary, as being the most able and distinguished of all his officers, among whom were many of brilliant reputations and prominent standing. I am conscious of no political excitement that will justify the impeachment of his military record or private character." Major Veale was slightly wounded in the arm and groin at the Battle of Cedar Mountain August 9, 1862, and was taken prisoner and held as a hostage in Libby Prison, under retaliatory orders of Jefferson Davis, until the last of September, 1862, when he was ex- Mt changed and immediately returned to his command. He was wounded in the action at Wauhatchie by a ball passing through his right shoulder. At Kenesaw Mountain he was shot through the right lung, the ball passing entirely through the body, and bis horse was shot from under him and mortally wounded at the same time. After the war Major Veale was commissioned United States Attorney for the Territory of Montana, served as clerk of Indian Affairs and on the 8th of January 1868, was appointed Adjutant General with the rank of Brigadier for the same territory. After returning to Philadelphia in the fall of 1876, he was nominated by the Democratic party for State Senator in the Fifth Senatorial District, was nominated for Recorder of Deeds for the City of Philadelphia in 1881, and ran eight thousand ahead of the candidate on the ticket with him for State Treasurer. On the 15th of April, 1884, he was appointed Health Officer of the City of Philadelphia by Governor Pattison. During his adminis- tration of the office, a little less than three years, on a gross receipt of $ 130,000, the increase over the same period during anv previous administration was #55,000. After Governor Beaver's election he was promptly re- moved from office on account of his democracy, though a strong petition to retain him in office was forwarded by the President, Secretary, and other members of the Board. Since that lime he has resumed the practice of law. He has been for several years Vestryman in the Protestant Episcopal Church, and Superintendent of Sunday-school. He has taken an active part in the Grand Army of the Republic, and contributed largely to the passage of an Act of Assembly to re-organize the Soldier's Orphans' Schools. Is a promi- nent member of the military order of the Loyal Legion. He has been identified with the reform movements in the Citv of Philadelphia. Has been a Director in the Spring Garden Institute and other organiza- tions for the moral and intel- lectual advancement of the city. PETER FREDERICK ROTHERMEL, Jr. One of the successful members of the junior Bar of Philadelphia, was born in that VEALE city, September 27, 1S50. The Rothermclscame to this coun- try in 1703 from Holland. The grandfather of Mr. Rothermel was a native of Northwestern Pennsylvania, and one of the sturdy citizens of Luzerne county early in this century. He removed to Philadelphia about 1S20, and became the proprietor of the Eagle Hotel, which stood on Third street, between Market and Mul- berry, now Arch, and was a popular resort for marketmen, merchants and teamsters, and under his care it flourished. Peter Frederick Rothermel, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Luzerne. He was a born artist, and under the instruction of Bass Otis, a famous portrait painter, he himself became a por- trait and historical landscape painter of no small renown. He mar- ried Miss Caroline Goodhart, of Philadelphia, the mother of P. F. Rothermel, Jr. P. Frederick Rothermel, Jr., was educated by pri- vate tutors and in the select schools of this city, and continued in the schools of France, Italy and Germany, where his father was sojourning for several years. The works of P. F. Rothermel, Sr., have a wide reputation. Among the most famous are, "Discovery of the Mississippi by De Soto," "The Christian Martyrs in the Coliseum," "The Battle of Gettysburg." Upon his return to Philadelphia young Rothermel entered the Central High School and graduated in 1S67. He then entered the 43 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BENCH AND BAR. law office of James T. Mitchell, now on the Supreme Bench of the State. He was duly admitted to practice. His career at the Bar has been patient and aggressive, and has resulted in a popular line of civil practice, largely corporation cases, numbering among his clients some of the largest concerns and mercantile houses in the city and State. Always a consistent Republican, Mr. Rothermel has eschewed office as incompatible with his professional duties, but has given his time, means and talents to the Republican cause generouslv. He was put in nomination for the office of City Solic- itorship in 18S4, but yielded to Charles F. Warwick, and fought for that gentleman's election. He has frequently been named for Judgeship, an honor that will probably come to him in due time as a matter of fitness. In 1S81 he was married to Miss Bryant. to the duties required of him in his profession, devotes his time to the Commercial Mutual Accident Company, of which he is pres- ident, he having been elected to the office on the death of the founder and organizer of the company, the late General J. F. Hartranft, who was its first president and held the office at the time of his decease. ROBERT PORTER DECHERT General Dechert was born in Reading, Pa., August 16, 1842. His father was a prominent lawyer of Reading, and after his son had spent several years in the schools of that city, he sent him to the Classical Academy of Prof. E. D. Saunders, in West Philadelphia. In Febru- ary, 1S61, he graduated from the Central High School, and was about to begin the study of law, when the call for troops was issued. He enlisted in June, 1861, in the Twenty- ninth Pennsylvania Volun- teers. His career during the war was brilliant. Promotion followed promotion, and when the struggle had ended it found Mr. Dechert a brevetted Lieutenant Colonel. His military career did not end with the war, how- ever, and he has continued in active service in the National Guard of the State ever since, advancing to Brigadier Gene- ral in 1890. During the inter- val he held the positions of Captain of Company F, of the Gray Reserves, Cornet in the City Troop and Colonel of the Second Regiment from 1S78 to July 25, 1890, when Governor Beaver promoted him to the command of the First Brigade National Guard of Pennsyl- vania. _ His civil life has been as successful and distinguished as his military career. He was admitted to the Bar in Novem- ber, 1866, about which time he also became identified with politics, as the Democratic candidate for Select Council from the Twenty-seventh Ward. He was not succccssful in that campaign, nor in the memorable one of 1SS0, when he was the candidate of his partv for Auditor General ; but he was elected to the State Senate in 1S70, became City Controller in 18S4, and was re-elected to that office in 1S87. He also served two terms as assistant under District Attorney Furman Sheppard. General Dechert is unmarried. He is a Past Master of Hamil- ton Lodge, No. 274, F. & A. M., Past High Priest of Corinthian Chapter, No. 250, and a member of Corinthian (Chasseur) Coin- mandery, No. 53, Knights Templar; is also an active member of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania. In addition he is a member of the Association of the Survivors of the Twenty-ninth Regiment Penn- sylvania Volunteers, of which he has been President, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Post 2, Grand Armv of the Republic, Sons of the Revolution, United Service Club, Ainericns Club, Young Men's Democratic Association, Young Democratic Battalion, Continental Club, Penn Club, Art Club, Maen- nerchor, Young Maennerchor, the Canstatter, Bachelors' Barge Club of the Schuylkill Navy, the Saginaw Club, of which he is president, and the Hibernian Society. General Dechert has resumed the practice of law, and in addition Robert Porter Dechert WILLIAM H. O'BRIEN Mr. O'Brien was born in Ireland in the year 1846, where he re- ceived his earlv education and entered upon the study of law, in- tending to practice at the Irish Bar. Having friends in Philadel- phia he was induced to come to this city in 1S67, here renewed his legal studies and was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar before Judge Briggs in 1873. His practice is largely confined to the Orphan's court, and he also has a considerable clientage among heirs of the Irish estates, in different sections of the United States. Mr. O'Brien is thorough in his profession, and his con- nections abroad are of the highest repute, affording every facility in the prosecution of such claims. FRANCIS RAWLE Who comes from a family distinguished as lawyers since the adoption of the Constitu- tion, was born at the Freedom Iron Works, Mifflin county, Pennsylvania, August 7, 1846. His father, Francis W. Rawle, was one of the first civil en- gineers on the Pennsylvania Railroad, and his grandfather was William Rawle, the elder, distinguished as a leader of the Philadelphia Bar at the close of the last and the begin- ning of the present century. His maternal grandfather was Charles Hall, Esq., a well- known lawyer of Suubur}-, Pa. Mr. Rawle's early years were passed in Philadelphia, where he was fitted to enter Exeter Academy, New Hamp- shire, which he left to enter Harvard University, at Cam- bridge, Mass., from which he was graduated in 1869. He then entered the law school of the same university and re- mained until 1S71, when he received the degree of LL. B. Returning to Philadelphia, he became a student of law in the office of William Henry Rawle, and was admitted to the Bar November 4, 1S71. Since then he has been engaged in the practice of the law, his practice being of a diversified charac- ter, extending to corporation and railroad business and patent cases, and a large part of it is in the Federal Courts. For some years he was associated in practice with the late Samuel Robb, and was also in partnership with Walter George Smith. Since 1S76 Mr. Rawle has acted as librarian of the Law Associ- ation, and has brought that valuable collection of legal works up to a high rank among the law libraries of the country. It is probably now the third in the value of its collection. His literary work in the profession has consisted chiefly in his preparation of the last edition of Judge Bouvier's famous law dictionary, a standard work in the profession, on which as editor he spent nearly five years. He has written much for the legal periodicals, and in 1S85 he prepared a paper on " Car Trust Securities," a novel legal topic, for the American Bar Associa- tion. He has been the treasurer of that association since its formation in 1878. In 1S90 Mr. Rawle was elected one of the overseers of Harvard University for the term of six years. PHILADELPHIA ASH POPULAR PHlLADELPHIANS. BENCH AND BAR. WILLIAM HENRY LEX A member of the Philadelphia Bar and ex-President of its Com- mon Council, was horn in that city, September 16, 1S4S. His father, Charles E. Lex, represented for many years the Tenth Ward in Common Council, ami in 1S60 was elected City Solicitor. He was also President of the Board of Directors of Girard College at the date of his decease, May 16, 1S72. The family are of German descent. W. H. Lex received a classical education, and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with honors in 1S67. He then en- tered the commission house of William A. Smctherst, on Bank street, where he became fully conversant with the details of the business. He then engaged in the manufacture of woolen yarns. After two years he was prompted to wind up his business (which had been a successful one), and to adopt the profession of his father. He then began the study of law, and was admitted to practice by the Board of Examiners in Februarv of 1873. Under the supervision of Mr. George W. Thorn, who was his pre- ceptor, his father's law busi- ness was continued, and brought to Mr. Lex a large clientage. He was employed by the Managers of the House of Correction as their counsel. His successful prosecution of several cases led to his ap- pointment as solicitor of the board, which position he held until 1.S7S. He was induced to run for Common Council from the Eighth Ward, and was elected. Entering the Council, he was placed at the head of the Committee of Law, mem- ber of the Committees on Schools and City Property. In 1880 he was re-elected with- out opposition, to serve until April, 1882. During the first year of his second term Mr. Lex stood second on the Finance Com- mittee, was Chairman of the Committee on Surveys, and a member of the Committee on Law, and on the first Monday of April, 1 88 1, was elected President of the Common Council. In February, 1882, he was unanimously re-elected for a third term, being nomi- nated by the Republicans, en- dorsed by the Democrats and Committee of One Hundred. On the first Monday of April, 1SS2, he was re-elected Presi- dent of the Council, and again in April, 1SN3, for a third term, each election being unanimous. After his fourth term he retired from public life. His associ- ates in the Council passed complimentary resolutions, bearing tes- timony to his uniform courtesy and fairness, and it was ordered that his portrait (painted \>y Waugh), should be hung in the Coun- cil chamber. His practice is general. He appears frequently in the Orphans' Court in settlement of large estates. He enjoys the clientage of many large corporations, such as the National Bank of Northern Liberties, the City National Bank, the United Security Life Insurance and Trust Company. He is also attorney for the Fifth and Sixth Streets Railroad Company and the Lehigh Avenue Railroad Company. He was prominent in the suits brought by the stockholders of the Insurance Company of North America. He has a valuable clientage in New York City, and was admitted to the Supreme Court of the United States on January 19, 1880, and during Attorney General Brewster's incumbency he frequently ap- peared in the United States courts. He is a director of the City National Bank, Past Master of Lodge No. 51, A. P. & A. M., a member of Signet Royal Arch Chapter, No. 251, and Philadelphia Commandery, No. 2, K. T. He also enjoys membership in the University of Pennsylvania and ■■&, 1 A ^L. Samuel Baird Huey the Clover Club, and was the founder of the Orpheus Club, being an enthusiastic musician. He is prominent in social life and en- joys the regard of a large circle of friends. Mr. Lex was married in [878 to Miss Pattie Barclay, the daughter of a well known Phila- delphian. SAMUEL BAIRD HUEY One of the leading corporation lawyers of Philadelphia, is the son of Samuel C. Huey, who was for many years President of the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company. His mother was Miss Mary A. Baird, of Charleston, S. C. He was born in Pittsburg, Pa., on January 7, 1843, received his preliminary education in pri- vate schools and in the Central High School of Philadelphia, where he was the valedictorian of his class. He then entered Princeton College, graduating with honor in the class of 1863 and carrying off prize s for oratory and debate. From college he went into the United States Navy and was attached to the United States Steamer San Jacinto and the Vantic, with an interval of service on the staff of Rear Ad- miral Bailey. He was in the attack on Fort Fisher and Wil- mington, and then served on blockade duty until December, 1S65, when he resigned his commission, returned home, and commenced the study <>t law in the office of John C. Bullitt, Esq. About the same time he joined the First Regi- ment X. G. P., and was after- wards successively appointed Captain, Major, and Assistant Adjutant General on the staff of the commanding General of the Philadelphia troops. In 1878 he resigned from the Guard on account of increasing professional duties. Mean- while he had received the de- gree of A. M. from Princeton and LI,. B. from the University of Pennsylvania. During the first four years of his profes- sional life he was associated with Mr. Bullitt, but on Janu- ary 1, 1872, he opened an office of his own, and has since been continuously 111 active prac- tice. It is unnecessary to refer at length to Mr. Huev's suc- cess in his profession, nor to the many important cases which he has handled with skill and ability. It is suffi- cient to say that he has secured an enviable anil lucrative posi- tion in the front ranks of the Bar, possessing as he does every one of the qualities so requisite to success. It is cur- rent report that his professional income is among the largest in the city, and from the number of corporations which he advises this can readih- be believed. Socially he is as prominent and popular as he is in his profes- sion. He has been director and Secretary of the L T nion League (1S78-18SS), and its Vice-President from 1S8S, a governor of the University Club, a director of the Art Club, and a member and counsel of the Loyal Legion. He is a member of the National Bar Association, a trustee of the Williamson Free School, a trustee of the Presbyterian Hospital, an elder in the Presbyterian Church, and a member of the Presbyterian Board of Education. His counsel is much sought after in business affairs, and he serves as director of the City Trust ami Safe Deposit Company, the Security Com pany, the Edison Light Company, and the Spring Garden Insur- ance Company. He has always declined political office, but serves in the Board of Public Education at the request and on the appointment of the Board of Judges. In 1S68 he married Miss Mary E. Abrams. They have had a family of seven children, five of whom are now living. 45 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHI LA DELPHI 'ANS. BENCH AND BAR. DUNCAN L. BUZBY Duncan L. Buzby, a member of the Philadelphia Bar, well known and of good standing, is a son of the late John L. Buzby, of the old firm of Buzby & Co., which a century ago carried on a large grain, produce and shipping business, and a great-grandson of Gen. William M. Duncan, a Brigadier General during the War of 1S12 and Collector of the Port under President Andrew Jackson. Mr. Buzby has a classical education, and held the position of president of his class in the Law Department of the University of Pennsylvania. He was admitted to the Bar in 1873, and has a good practice, confined chiefly to real estate and corporation busi- ness. He also holds the position of attorney for the collection agencies of Williamson, of New York, and the Keystone, of Phila- delphia. His office practice is large, and he has been particularly successful in obtaining satisfactory settlements in the interest of his clients before the cases were tried in court. Mr. Buzby has represented as counsel some important corpora- tions, among which were the Fidelity and Casualty Company, of New York, the Continental Trust Company and the Citi- zens' Trust and .Surety Com- pany, of Philadelphia. He has also held the position of Vice- President of the Common- wealth National Bank and of the Citizens' Trust and Surety Company, but was compelled to resign from both on account of increasing practice. He is a member of the Union League, the Art Club and the Penn Club and several other promi- nent social organizations, and also holds the position of President of the School Board of the Seventh Section of Phil- adelphia. Mr. Buzby has offices in New York as well as in Phila- delphia. JONES, CARSON & PHILLIPS These gentlemen form one of the brightest group of at- torneys in the City of Phila- delphia. J. Levering Jones is the senior partner, and was born July 26, 1S51. He at- tended school near Boston, Mass. , and later became a clerk with J. Walraven & Co., in Philadelphia. He studied law with Borger & Gross, and was graduated from the Law De- partment of the University of Pennsylvania. He was ad- mitted to the Bar in September, 1X74, and in 1S79 formed a copartnership with William A. Redding and Hampton L. Carson, under the firm name of Redding, Jones & Carson. In 18S7 Mr. Redding removed to New York to attend exclusively to patent bus- iness, and the title was then changed to the present by the admit- tance of Alfred J. Phillips, Esq. Mr. Carson was born February 21, 1852, and received his early education in the schools of this city, graduating from the Department of Arts in the University of Penn- sylvania in 1S71, and from the Law Department in 1S74. He stud- ied law with William A. Tilghman, Esq., and was admitted to the Bar in April, 1S74. Some time ago Mr. Carson was chosen by the Judiciary Committee of the New York State Bar Association to pre- pare a history of the Supreme Court of the United States, which is shortly to be published. Alfred J. Phillips, Esq., was born May 23, 1852, and his early school days were spent in the Kpiscopal Acad- emy, and later entered the University of Pennsylvania, where he took a three years' course in the Department of Arts. He was in business with Lawrence, Johnson & Co. for a year, and then read law with E. Coppee Mitchell, Esq. After graduating from the Law Department of the University he was admitted to the Bar in May, 1875. For some time thereafter he was title examiner of the Land Title and Trust Company, and in 1887 entered the present firm. William Wallace Weigley WILLIAM WALLACE WEIGLEY Was born in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, at Shaferstown, founded by Alexander Shafer, one of his forefathers, in 1740. As early as 1798 one of his paternal ancestors, Joseph Weigley, was admitted to practice at the Philadelphia Bar. Mr. Weigley, the subject of this sketch, graduated at Franklin and Marshall College in 1862. After residing for sometime in New York City he entered upon the study of law in Philadelphia, in the office of Samuel H. Perkins, Esq. He was admitted to the Bar in May, 1867, and soon acquired a remunerative practice in the courts of that city, his at- tention being largely occupied with practice in the Orphans' Court. He was frequently appointed by the courts to audit ac- counts of trustees, and also participated as counsel in the settle- ment of many important estates. In 1872 he was appointed cashier of the United States Custom House at Philadelphia, which position he held during the incum- bency of Hon. John W. Forney as Collector of the Port. He vis- ited Europe in 1875, and gave material aid to Col. Forney in the performance of his duties as Foreign Centennial Commis- sioner. Subsequently he became exteusivelv engaged in the control and direction of min- ing suits in Colorado, which he conducted with marked success on behalf of eastern stockholders. His familiarity with legislation relating to coinage and legal tender led to his selection as a member of the National Bi-metallic Coin- age Association. He presided over its convention held at Washington, D. C, in January, 1886, and was Chairman of the committee that memorialized Congress on the subject of bi- metalism. In 18S8 Mr. Weigley was appointed special counsel for the State of Pennsylvania to institute suits against the Credit Mobilicr of America and the Union Pacific Railroad Company for collection of taxes. Notwithstanding stren- uous opposition in the courts, the proceedings were success- fully conducted, resulting in the recovery of a large sum for the Commonwealth. In addition to his offices in the Drexel Building, where he is assisted in his Philadel- phia practice by John H. Col- ton, Esq., Mr. Weigley has an office in New York City, hav- ing a large clientage there, whose interests, and his engagements as counsel for several railroad and other corporations, require his frequent personal attention. This, however, does not interfere with his general practice in Philadelphia, where his energies of late have been particularly devoted to questions incident to corporation law. Mr. Weiglev is connected with several social and scientific clubs, and has been a member of the L T nion League since 1869. WALTER EDWIN REX Was born at Chestnut Hill in the City of Philadelphia, on April 10, 1847. His parents were George V. Rex and Mary C. Rex, both of whom were of German ancestors who came over with Wil- liam Penn and settled at Chestnut Hill, where they and their des- cendants have always held large landed interests. Mr. Rex was educated in the public and private schools and graduated from the Central High School and subsequently from the Law Department of the University of Pennsylvania. He studied law with Frank Wolfe, Esq., of the Philadelphia Bar, and was admitted to practice on October 3, 1S74, and received the degree of Bachelor of Laws from the University of Pennsylvania, iu June, 1S75. 46 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BENCH AND BAR. In February, 1S79, he was elected to Common Council from the Twenty-second Ward on the Republican ticket. In February, inni, he was re-elected on the Independent Republican ticket. In November, (882, lie was elected Register of Wills and Clerk of Orphan's Court for the County of Philadelphia, on the ticket nom- inated by the Committee of One Hundred. While Register he introduced the system of Petitions now in use in making application for Letter of Administration and Testa- mentary. The Marriage License Law went into effect during Ins term as Clerk of the Orphan's Court, and he originated and intro- duced the present forms which have been generally copied through- out the State. Since term of office expired, has been in successful practice of his profession. ALFRED FRANK CUST1S knowledge of business methods made his advice uniformly effective in attaining the ends desired i>, his clients. To Mr. Simpson's social status is mainly due the prominence he has attained in thisfield of professional work. He is a member of many clubs in this and other cities, and promin Masonic councils, a circumstance which gave him the opportunity for the exercise of his talents in this direction ; and 111 the adjust- ment of complicated affairs of competing lines of telegraph and railroad companies, he is recognized as an expert of acknow I ability. In society, as in professional circles here and elsewhere, Mi. Simpson is held in high esteem and confidence, ami although one of the junior members of the Philadelphia liar, the great success already attained gives promise of still greater results. Alfred Frank Custis was born in Washington, 1). C, [851, and received his early education in the very excellent private schools of that city, then entering Colum- bia College, from which, alter taking a full course, he gradu- ated with honor. He read law for a period, and then turned his attention to journalism, securing employment first with the New York Herald and later with the Philadelphia Record. He re- turned to the study and practice of law, the latter being largely confined to counseling in cor- poration business, firms and pri- vate estates. He is possessed of keen intelligence, quick to per- ceive a technical error and quick to grasp it and use it for the benefit of his client. He is cool, collected and calculating in speaking, his delivery being both concise and pleasing. He knows the benefit to be derived from favorablv impressing a jury with his side of the case, and from the moment he begins addressing the twelve " true and tried men " he wins their re- spect and generally their verdict. But he is not alone popular with juries, but with the judges and his fellow lawyers, as also a large circle of friends outside of his profession. His consulting offices are at No. 733 Walnut street. Mr. Custis is a member of the Ma- sonic Order, and served several terms as General Master of the A. O. U.W. , in whose success and progress he took an active part. LOUIS MACLANE SIMPSON Descended from some of the oldest settlers of the country, Louis MacLane Simpson was born in Philadelphia in 1S52, and his early education was received in the University of Pennsylvania, Depart- ment of Arts. Afterwards he studied law, and was admitted to the Bar of Philadelphia in 1.S75. He inherited from his maternal an- cestors, some of whom were noted jurists in the early days of the Republic, legal talents of a high order, and soon after entering on his professional career in his native city, he attained a foremost place among the junior members of the Bar. Having made a special study of corporation law, and from the beginning almost constantly and altogether successfully, he has been concerned as counsel for many large corporate bodies in mat- ters of great importance. As counsel in the adjustment of affairs of great moment in the litigation between telegraph and railroad companies, he has been notably prominent and successful, and largely through his efforts was the consolidation of the various telegraph lincsieffected. As counsel, his services have been sought in the litigation between many Western railroad companies, and his experience and thorough JOSEPH MELLORS Was born in Philadelphia, in 1.S52, and was educated in several of the private schools of the city, and subsequently pursued a classical course of study under the direction of Rev. Dr. Thomp- son, now Pastor of the Select Presbyterian Church, on Central Avenue; he also attended Mcig's Academy preparatory to en- tering upon a college course. He entered upon a full clas- sical course of study at Lii.o ette College from which institu- tion he was graduated in [ S 7 1 , and then became a student of law in the office of McGregor J. Mitchener. He was admitted to the Bar of Philadelphia coun- ty in 1876, and has since stcadil v pursued the practice of his pro- fession and built up a large prac- tice in the several courts. Mr. Mcllors is a careful, stu- dious lawyer and an able advo- cate. He is an active and honor- ed member of the Unitarian Club and of the Unitarian Church, and also of the American Asso- ciation for the advancement of Science, and takes prominent part in the discussion of Natural Science and Social questions. He is also prominent in the American Association of Politi- cal and Social Science and has contributed to the same from time to time. Mr. Mellors is a student of his profession and a man of wide . Terry reading and general informa- tion, and in social life as well as among his professional brethren he is held in general esteem and high regard. His success as a lawyer has been marked and decided. His practice is general, he being engaged from time to time in the several courts of Philadel- phia and adjoining counties, and in the Supreme Court of Penn- sylvania, and the I'uited States Court of this District. His office in Philadelphia is situated at 52S Walnut street. HENRY C. TERRY Henry C. Terry, one of the brighest members of the Philadel- phia Mar, was born in this city. March 17, [846, and was the sec- ond son of Asaph Terry, a well known wholesale dry goods mer- chant, who, prior to the Rebellion, was engaged in business in Philadelphia, Chicago and Louisville. Through the failure of the Southern house Mr. Terry's fortune was so impaired that he was compelled to retire from business, and with his family removed to a farm near Woodbury, N. J., where Henry pursued and completed those studies which fitted him for entrance into his chosen profes- sion. In 1S63 he became a law student under Hon. Carroll Brew- ster, and passed a highly creditable examination before attaining his majority. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BENCH AND BAR. Owing to the fact that he could not legally be admitted to practice until twenty-one years old, he was nut sworn in until March 16, 1867. He has a lucrative practice in all the higher as well as the lower courts, and is noted for strict attention to his cli- ents' business, and for the unlimited energy which he brings to bear in their behalf, while his uniform courtesy to everyone, wit- ness as well as client, opposing counsel in the case as well as the Judge upon the Bench, supplemented by the strongest points of his case in terms terse and vigorous, but brief, rarely fails in secur- ing victory. He has long been a member of the Union League, Law Asso- ciation and similar institutions ; of the Pennsylvania Historical Society, Sons of the Revolution, Grand Lodge of Masons, having been Master of his own lodge (No. 51), in 1S76. He has persist- ently declined to be a candidate for office, though well to the front in many political movements. Mr. Terry was married in 1S71 to Miss Emma Willis, of New Jersey. Mr. Terry is descended from an old and honorable name. The founder of the family is sup- posed to have been Thierry (the oldest son of Cloris, the first Christian monarch of France), anglicized into Terry by members of the family who settled in England. In 1650 one of them emigrated and settled at Springfield, Mass. Mr. Terry is lineally descended from this source, and is also in direct line (female) a descend- ant in the tenth generation of Gov. William Bradford, of Ply- mouth colony, who came over in the "Mayflower." Kielv of Virginia, who was appointed by President Cleveland a Judge of the International Court now sitting in Cairo, Egypt. WILLIAM GORMAN TIMOTHY M. DAILY Is a native of Ireland where he was born in 1854, and his early life was spent on his father's farm and in the attendance on the schools of his district. Both parents died when he was quite young, and his aunt assisted him to immi- grate to the United States. He attended the public schools of Philadelphia, and subsequently received private instruction from Prof. A. E. Rodgerson, one of the members of the faculty of La Salle College. In 1S73 he entered the office of Major M. J. Bryne as a law- student, and in 1874 he began a law course in the Law De- partment of the University of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in 1876 with Messrs. Otto Wolff, Wm. Gorman, I (wight W. Lowry, Jos. P. Gross, and others, now prominent attorneys of the city. On February 26, 1876, he was admitted to the Bar. His prac- tice is largely confined to real estate law, in which he has been eminently successful, as also in his Orphans' Court practice. He represents several large real estate companies and Building Asso- ciations in this city, and was engaged in many important cases in that line of practice among which were Association z>s. Bryne, and same VS. Callahan. In Johnson's estate Mr. Daly was also counsel and succeeded in maintaining a verbal alteration of a will, and in effecting a dis- tribution among all testatrix's children equally, although she had made a will two years before by which she devised all her personal property to one of her children. Mr. Daly is largely interested in the success of the Irish Catho- lic Benevolent Union — a benevolent organization which has some six hundred lodges in the United States and Canada with a mem- bership of over thirty thousand. He is the Supreme President of the organization having been unanimously elected to that position at a general convention held in the City of St. Louis in September, 1890. Among his predecessors in that "position being Hon. A. M. Robert Alexander Of a famous old Irish family, and one of the leaders of the younger Bar, was born in Queens County, Ireland, April 9, 1848. Thirtv-eight years of his life has he spent in Philadelphia. Edu- cated in the public schools of this city, he claims to be more of a Philadelphian than if he had been born here, and is always ready to do battle with all comers for this city of his residence. Immedi- ately upon the completion of his education he took up the study of law, and for a number of years, under the direction of G. Washing- ton Powell, Esq., confined himself exclusively to that most intri- cate branch of law learning, conveyancing and real estate. Having built up a large and extensive practice in those branches, he was advised by his clients that it would be mutually advantageous that he should qualify himself to attend to their legal business as well as that out of court. He there- upon entered upon the study of the law proper, entered the Law School of the University of Pennsylvania, and in 1S76 graduated Bachelor of Laws, and having passed the Board of Examiners, was admitted to practice. His career as a practitioner in the courts from that date was assured, an ex- tensive civil practice flowed in upon him. His practice calls him but seldom into the crimi- nal courts, and then only to help a client for whom he has been engaged in the civil side of the court. Mainly through his exertions and to help the members of the legal profes- sion the Commonwealth Title Insurance and Trust Company was formed. He was one of its directors from the begin- ning. He is counsel for the Hibernian Society for the re- lief of immigrants from Ireland and of the Board of Presidents of the United Charitable Soci- eties for the relief of the sub- jects of all nations landing at this port. He is noted for his care and tact in keeping his clients out of court and litiga- tions, alwavs willing to advise a settlement or a small per- sonal sacrifice rather than rush them into the turmoil of a lawsuit ; a safe counsellor, but when he has exhausted all honest efforts for settlement he becomes aggressive to the last degree, as a great number of the most bitterly contested cases in our books bearing his name will show. In few of these cases will you find his name on the losing side. He is connected with many institutions of a charitable, politi- cal and social nature, and is a public spirited and progressive citi- zen. He resides in the Twenty-ninth Ward. ROBERT ALEXANDER Bucks County has sent to the Philadelphia Bar some of the brightest legal minds of the day, and among them none are more successful or deservedly successful than Robert Alexander. "Old Bucks " is his native county, and there amidst its beauties he first mw the light of day on July 3, 1846. It was there also in the public schools he laid the foundation of his education, passing thence into the Carversville Normal School, from which he graduated with high honors. After teaching school for four years, Mr. Alex- ander entered the office of Hon. D. Newliu Fell, now an associate Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, No. 2, of this City, under whom he studied law. He was admitted to the Bar in 1871, and at once engaged in active practice. His career in the civil courts has PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BENCH AND BAR. been :is constant and extensive as it has been varied and successful, appearing in many important cases and taking part in some of the most important legal discussions which have come before the courts in recent years. When Charles F. Warwick was named as Assistant District Attorney, Mr. Alexander became associated with him as law partner, and when the same gentleman was elected City Solicitor, he appointed Mr. Alexander his first assistant, which position he filled for six years. It was during this period while Mr. Alexander was first as- sistant that the many difficult legal questions arose relative to the organization and management of the City departments under the Bullitt Bill. With the settlement of all these questions, Mr. Alexander had much to do. He also took part in all the important litigation in which the City was a party. For the effort made by him in the suit of the City to prevent the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad from building its road without consent of the City, he has always been highly complimented. At the end of Mr. Warwick's second term. Mr. Alexander left the City Solicitor's office and re- sumed his private practice, which has increased rapidly, especially in the line of corporation and municipal law. Mr. Alexander is a thoroughly trained lawyer, well read, and a careful, painstaking worker. His briefs always show care and thorough preparation. He is sound in judgment, clear in arrange- ment, logical and concise in argument. He is convincing alike to judge and jury, and in the management of his nisi prius cases he at- tends to every detail, while in the examination of witnesses he is keen anil searching, yet never unduly aggressive or personal. Prob- ably no case with which he was ever connected gave him more prominence than the Keystone Bank-Bardsley transactions. He was City Treasurer Bardsley's counsel, and although his case was beyond winning, he nevertheless handled it in a manner to win the admiration of his opposing attorneys and the public which follow-ed the contest with eager interest. His law offices are in the Girard Building ami his partner is Edward W. Magill. WILLIAM RIGHTER FISHER This successful lawyer and scientist was born at Bryn Mawr, Montgomery County, Pa., in 1849, and is of Welsh and Scotch- Irish descent. His father was Wm. A. Fisher, a successful farmer of Montgomery County, Pa., and his mother was Sarah P. Anderson, whose great-grandfather was a Captain in the Continental Army in the War of the Revolution. Mr. Fisher was educated in a select school and was prepared for college at Prof. Hastings' School in West Philadelphia. He then became a student at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., from which time honored institution he was graduated with high honors in 1870. He accepted the position of Professor of Natural Science in Dickinson Seminary, at Williamsport, where he remained for one year, when he visited Europe and pursued his scientific studies in the University of Heidelberg and Munich, remaining abroad about two ami a half years. His scholarly ability attracted the attention of the Trustees of his Alma Mater, and he was elected a member of the Facultv of Dickinson College, where he remained to the end of the Academic year 1876. During his career as an instructor Mr. Fisher took up the study of law and was admitted to the Bar of Philadelphia in 1S76. He at once opened a law office here, and his ability has been such as to rank him among the foremost of the junior members of the Bar as an advocate and counsellor. He has built up a large practice, in the civil and Orphans' courts, and is recognized as a thorough student who gives to his cases that preparation and study which deserves and secures suc- cess. Mr. Fisher is a member of the Union League, Scotch-Irish and Welsh Societies of the city and of the Historical Societv and Franklin Institute. Mr. Fisher's office is in the Drexel Building. DIMNER BEEBER The subject of this notice, one of the most prominent of the younger members of the Bar of Philadelphia, was born March 8, 1854, in Muncv, Lvcoming County, Pa., and for the past fifteen years has resided in this city, where he enjoys a large and lucrative law" practice. He was sent to the public schools of his native town in boyhood, and having completed his preliminary education he entered Pennsylvania College Gettysburg, Pa., graduated in 1874, read law at Williamsport, Pa., and was admitted :•• the bar of Lycoming County in 1876. The same year lie v. tice law in the several courts of Philadelphia Count} since been successfully engaged in his professionol career. Mr. Bccber is a lawyer of marked ahiliu , prominence in this city among his fellow lawyers. II' her of the Pennsylvania Club and of the Union League, and in social as well as professional circles he is held in highi his worth. JAMES C. SELLERS Is a descendant of one of the old, honorable Quaker sell! Delaware County, Pennsylvania, of the same name. Was born in South Grange, N. J., May 4, 1S54, his father, the late Dr. James Sellers, being .111 able and distinguished young physician of that State. The son was educated and prepared for college at the West Chester Academy, at West Chester. Pa. He subsequently pursued his studies at Vale College, from which he was graduated with the degree of A. B. with the class of 1874, with both scholastic and lit- erary honors. He began his law studies in the office of the late Henry Wharton, Esq., of this city, and was admitted to the Bar of Philadelphia in December, 1876, since which time he has without interruption been engaged in successful practice of his profession in the courts of Philadelphia and Chester Counties, Pa. His prac- tice is largely confined to commercial and corporation cases. Since 1888 Mr. Sellers has been one of the associate editors < if the American Law Register. He has always taken an active part in political affairs but has never sought or held any public office. He is president of the Young Men's Republican Club of West Chester, where he resides, and is also an active and esteemed mem- ber of the Pennsylvania Club. He is an influential member of the Protestant Episcopal Church and has for some years been the Assistant Seeretarv of the Diocesan Convention. He is a member also of the Executive Hoard of the Sunday School Association of the Diocese, a trustee of the Societv for the Advancement of Christianity in Pennsylvania and a vestry- man of the Church of the Holy Trinity of West Chester, Pa., and superintendent of the Sunday-school of that church. While active and successful in the pursuit of his profession, Mr. Sellers has always been able to find sufficient time to devote to his manifold church duties, and is recognized as a potent factor in all that tends to promote public morality and the interests of the church in whose service he is earnest and indefatigable. LEONI MEL1CK Leoni Melick, senior member of Melick & Potter, attorneys at law, was born in the village of Light Street, Columbia County, Pennsylvania, May 5, 1851. His childhood days were spent in the usual way, but he was a bright and intelligent lad, and made rapid progress in the schools of his native village, so that when a mere youth he began preparing for a collegiate course at the Bloomsburg Literarv Institute, in Columbia County. By close application to his studies he early became fitted for and was admitted to Vale Col- lege, graduating from that famous old institution of learning in the Class of '74, and in October of the same year he was matriculated at the University of Heidelberg, in Germany, one of the most justly cel- ebrated universities in the world. Several months were then spent in travel, and being a close and intelligent observer Mr. Melick added to his store of knowledge by an experience he could not obtain in the class room. Some time in December, [875, he became a student of law in the office of Samuel C. Perkins, Esq., than whom no better preceptor could have been selected. After two years hard studj-, in December, 1877, Mr. Melick was admitted to the Philadel- phia Bar. He did not sever his connection with Mr. Perkins ihc 11 and there but continued in his office until [888, when he became a member of the law firm of Melick & Potter, locating in the Drexel Building on Chestnut street, in which they have several large, com- fortablv furnished rooms, Nos. 620-625. The law practice of the firm is varied, including as it does the several courts of Philadel- phia County, the federal courts for the Eastern District of Penn- sylvania and the Supreme Court of the United States. The a large clientage which was won through hard and faithful labor in the past, and the success they have attained is wholly mer- ited individually. They rank among the leading members of the Bar and as a firm they form one of the strongest "teams'' in the city. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHlLADELPHIANS. BENCH AND BAR. CHARLES WATSON McKEEHAN Mr. McKcehan was born February 19, 1S42, in Juniata County, Pennsylvania, of Scotch-Irish parentage. His great- grandfather, John McKeehan, a Scotch-Irish Presbyterian, came to America in the latter part of the eighteenth century and settled near Carlisle, Pa. His father, Rev. Joseph G. McKeehan, seceded from the church of his fathers and become one of the pioneer min- isters of the Methodist Church of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Vir- ginia. He died at the age of 76 years. Mr. McKeehan received his primary education in the common schools and academies of Pennsylvania in the various towns in which his father was stationed as a minister. In i860 he went to Milton, Northumberland County, Pa., as Vice-Principal of the Milton Academy, one of the noted corporation cases that few lawyers in ordinary pratice attain m a preparatory schools of that day, then under the management of the much longer period. He also made a special study of the Patent Rev. W. T. Wiley, D. D. While teaching here he prepared for col- Laws and at one time thought of making patent cases a specialty, lege, and in 1864 entered the Sophomore class of Dickinson Col- For several years he has been one of the counsel for the Baltimore lege! at Carlisle. While attending Dickinson College Mr. McKee- and Ohio Railroad, han was also a tutor in the Grammar School of the College, and Mr. Addicks is popular in social circles as well as m his pro- made to reform the City government. One of the cases in which Mr. Addicks represented the City resulted in establishing the doc- trine that Municipal Ice Boats were entitled to salvage in Admir- alty Courts for meritorious service on the sea in saving a derelict. The case is known as " The Barque Arundel." Another case led to the establishment of a statute of limitation for land damages in the opening of streets and changing their grades. He also took an ac- tive part in drafting the Act of 1887 regulating the condemnation of turnpike roads throughout the State. During this period he fur- nished to a leading journal reviews of the important decisions of the Supreme Court that were notable for conciseness and accuracy. Mr. Addick's long connection with the City Solicitor's office has given him advantages of experience especially on municipal and taught various branches in the Dickinson Commercial Col- lege, which occupation fur- nished him with all the means necessary to prosecute his studies, and he was graduated in 1867. He taught a classical school in Chambersburg, Pa., from 1869 to 1872, studying law in the meantime as a pupil of Gen. Theodore McGowan, of Chambersburg. He was ad- mitted to the Bar at Chambers- burg in 1871. In July, 1872, he removed to Philadelphia to enter upon the practice of his profession as an attorney-at- law. He soon acquired a lu- crative practice, and the con- fidence of a wealthy and influ- ential clientage. He is coun- sel for several large corpora- tions, and represents large monied interests, and is coun- sel for several of the leading charities of this city as their legal adviser. He has been active and efficient in organ- izing the Pennsylvania Scotch- Irish Society, and has been its Secretary and Treasurer ever since its organization. For many years he has been a Trustee of Dickinson College, his Alma Mater. He is a Re- publican in politics, and a member of the Union League, and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and has his of- fice in the Drexel Building. fession and is a member of the Philadelphia Art Club and the Young Republican Club. He also takes considerable interest in athletic sports and holds membership in the Philadel- phia Yacht Club, Bachelor's Barge Club and the Merion and Germantown Cricket Club. Charles Watson McKeehan WILLIAM H. ADDICKS A prominent member of the junior Bar, was born in Philadel- phia, March 4, 1854. He is the son of John E. Addicks, deceased, who was a well-known merchant in his day, for sixteen years the Health Officer of this port, one of the original members of the Union League and especially noted for his earnest and patriotic zeal in behalf of the Union cause during the late Civil War. William H. Addicks received a liberal education and after be- ing fitted for college at the Episcopal Academy entered the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania where he remained three years and then entered Princeton College, where he finished his studies in 1S74. Determining upon the law as his profession he entered the office of George L. Crawford, Esq., as a student and there remained until he was admitted to the Bar in January, 1878. .Shortly after his admis- sion he was appointed Assistant to the City Solicitor and held that position for more than ten years. During this decade, especially during the administration of Mayor King, many important cases came up for adjudication, notably the Blockley Almshouse cases and others originating in the determined efforts that were being FRED. A. SOBERNHEIMER Was born on March 1 1 , 1857, in Roxborough, now a part of the Twentv-first Ward of the City of Philadelphia, and he has always resided in that part of the city. He attended the public schools, and graduated from the High School in February, 1S75, and immediately entered the law offices of Rand & Pat- ton, and in 1876 entered the Law Department of the 1'ni- versitv of Pennsylvania, from which he graduated in June, 1878, and was admitted to the Bar on June 11, 1878, and sub- sequently to the Supreme Court, and the Bar of Mont- gomery County. He has a large and valua- ble clientage among the resi- dents of that part of the city- known as Manayunk, Rox- borough and Germantown, and this in addition to other parts of the city, and he has been concerned in many important suits and large estates. He has the respect of his fellow members of the Bar, and is considered by them, as well as by his clients, an honest, industrious and successful lawyer. JAMES W. M. CARDEZA Now probably the wealthiest member of the Philadelphia Bar, was born in this city September 7, 1S54. His father, James M. Cardeza, was a well known officer in the United States Navy, but at the time of his decease was fitting himself for the legal profession and was registered as a student of law in the office of the elder Wharton. His mother was of the Warburton family, well known in journalistic circles. Mr. Cardeza received a liberal education and after being fitted for college at the Germantown Academy, entered the University of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in due course. He then entered the office of John C. Bullitt, Esq., as a student of law, finishing his studies under E. .Spencer Miller, Esq., and was ad- mitted to the Bar, October 5, 1S7S. After his admission he became counsel in many of the cases growing out of the financial difficulties of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad ; but probably the most PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHII.ADLI.PI 1 1 AXS. BENCH AND BAR. important case from a legal standpoint in which he was concerned was that of Birehall vs. The Third National Bank which was the first reported American case in which the English doctrine in re- gard to the liability of banks for dishonoring checks of depositors having funds in the bank sufficient to pay them was adopted. In that case (15 W. N. C.) the refusal to pay was based on the error of a clerk in adding up the depositor's account and therefore not wil- ful or malicious but nevertheless the Court held that the plaintiff was entitled to substantial damages, as nominal damages would be no vindication of his credit. Brigadier-General, United States Volunteers, March 31, 1S65, and Brevet-Lieutenant-Colonel United States Army, Julv 31, for gallantry at Petersburg. He was afterward Aid-de-Camp on the staff of Brigadier-General Robert C.Buchanan, commanding the department of Louisiana and Texas in [868 and 1S69, and Assistant Adjutant-General during the reconstruction period. He resigned from the army December 15, 1S71, and began his professional career, which is as creditable to his worth as his military record. He was successfully engaged in a large civil practice in Massa- chusetts, and was counsel in the settlement of the large estate of Mr Cardeza is now a director in the First National Bank of William P. Weld, the value of which was J2o,ooo,ooo, the largest in Philadelphia by virtue of his being a large holder of its stock both in his own right and as representative of the estate of Thomas Drake, deceased, the millionaire manufacturer of Germantown, whose only child and heir he married. He is a pleasant and court- eous gentleman and will no doubt wisely administer the great trust that has been committed to his care. LUCIUS H. WARREN General L. H. Warren, dis- tinguished alike in the forum and in the field, of the Phil- adelphia Bar, was born in Charlestown, Mass., on Octo- ber 6, 1838. He traces his de- scent in the seventh genera- tion from John Warren, a descendant of the Earl of Warren, who came to America with Sir Richard Salstonstall, in Winthrop's fleet and settled in Watertown, Mass. He is the son of the late George Washington Warren, a distinguished Judge in Massa- chusetts, President of the Bun- ker Hill Monument Associa- tion, and always prominent in all public movements for the advancement of the interests of Boston. His mother, nee Lucy Rogers Newell, was lineally descended from the martyr John Rogers. General Warren after com- pleting his preliminary studies in the public schools of his native town, in 1856 matricu- lated at Princeton College, and was graduated from that time honored institution in i860, with the degree of A. B., re- ceiving his Master's degree in course, from his Alma Mater in 1863. After finishing his classical course he began his law studies in the Harvard Law School, gradu- ating therefrom and receiving the degree of LL. B. in 1S62. In Julv of the vear last named he was admitted to practice in the Courts of Massachusetts, at Boston, and to the Philadelphia Bar in May, 1879. He enlisted in the Thirty-ninth Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers, July 30, 1862, and August nth of the same year he was commissioned Second Lieutenant, and on the 13th of the December following he was promoted to a First Lieu- tenancy. He participated in the battles of the Army of the Potomac, and was distinguished for his gallantry in the engagement atsecond Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsvillc, and while connected with the Army of the James, took a gallant part in the siege of Petersburg and Richmond. He was commis- sioned Major of the Thirty-eighth United States Colored Troops, April 9, 1S64, and was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel, April 12, 1866, for gallant and meritorious services in the field. He commanded the first colored troops that entered Richmond after the evacuation, and was twice wounded while commanding a Brigade. In 1866 and 1S67 he was in command of a military district in Texas, and was mustered out of the volunteer service in March, 1867. He was commissioned First Lieutenant of Thirty- ninth United States Infantry, July 28, 1866, and was made a Captain in the United Suites Army, July 31, 1S67. He was brevctted that State ; removing to Philadelphia in 1879, he began the practice of his profession here, and his success has been great and com- mensurate with his ability. He is a ripe scholar, an able advocate and a safe counsellor, and in social as well as professional life, he is honored with the highest confidence and esteem of his wide circle of acquaintances. General Warren is a popular and influential Mason and Knight Templar, and is a citizen of the State in Schuylkill. He married October 1, 1868, the daughter of Amos Hollings- worth, of Milton, Mass. T,VtiVdlows"rVoto Co Henry James Scott HENRY JAMES SCOTT Henry James Scott was born in Philadelphia, May 21, 1S57. He received a careful education and studied law at the University of Pennsyl- vania. He was admitted to the Bar on June 15, 1878. He at once engaged actively in the practice of his profession, and since then he has appeared in a number of cases involving large sums of money, and the consideration of constitutional and other intricate law ques- tions. He is counsel for a number of corporations and large mercantile houses and estates. Mr. Scott has devoted himself exclusively to the practice of law in the civil and Orphans' courts. He is an earnest worker, a forcible speaker, and has met with de- served success in the trial of causes before juries. He has been a Republican in politics, but has been zealously in favor of all proper reforms in the party, and as a member of the Committee of One Hundred, worked hard and well in the cause of good government. HENRY S. CATTELL Henry S. Cattell was born in the City of Philadelphia, October 3, 1852. He received an education at the Academy of the Protest- ant Episcopal Church, corner Juniper and Locust streets in this city, where he was prepared for college, and from which he graduated in 1S68. At his father's solicitation he did not go to college, but con- nected himself with the firm of which his father was then a mem- ber, and entered upon a commercial career, and he remained in business eight years, receiving a thorough business training, and pursued his studies at home in the evenings. Registered as a stu- dent at law in the office of J. Cooke Longstreth, Esq., and was ad- mitted to the Bar, May 24, 1879. His practice has been largely in commercial cases, and settle- ment of estates, in which his previous business training proved to be of great value to himself and to his clients. He is a Presbvterian in faith and one of the members of the Board of Trustees of the Second Presbyterian Church, of which his ancestors were among the founders in 1743, and with which his family have ever since been connected. In politics he has always been a staunch Republican. His office is at 723 Walnut street. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BENCH AND BAR. FRANCIS SHUNK BROWN Francis Shunk Brown is a native Philadelphian, having been born in this city June 9, 1858. His father was Charles Brown, who represented Philadelphia in Congress for several years, and who was Collector of the Port of this city under President Pierce. His grandfather was Francis R. Shunk, one of Pennsylvania's gov- ernors. Mr. Brown was afforded every educational advantage, and after a thorough training in our public schools, began the study of law under Hon. Furman Sheppard, and was admitted to the Phila- delphia Bar, June 7, 1S79, two days before he had attained his ma- jority. He is also a graduate of the Law Department of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, and also passed the County Board for ad- mission to the Bar. Mr. Brown's practice includes all branches of the 1 tw. He is counsel for Snow, Church S: Co., which has specially qualified him in mercantile law. But Mr. Brown is thoroughly adapted to all the branches of his profession, and it is no exagger- ation to say that he has as large and lucrative practice as any of the the young members of the Bar. He has plead a number of import- ant cases and has been singu- larly fortunate in winning most of them. He is an able expo- nent of Blackstone, a fluent speaker, having an easy, grace- ful delivery, which is alike impressive to judge, jury and witnesses. He is epiick to perceive a point and as quick to grasp it and use it to the advantage of his case. In poli- tics Mr. Brown is a Democrat, but his love for his profession has more than overcome any desire for political honors. He served for a short time as School Directorfrom the Ninth Ward, from which he resigned, and has since refused on sev- eral occasions nominations for the same office. He was of- fered the nomination for Dis- trict Attorney at the last elec- tion, but declined, as he did also the nomination for Clerk of Quarter Sessious, which was offered immediately after- wards. He was nominated without his consent for Select Council, but declined to be the candidate. It was not the fear of defeat that caused him to refuse these several offers, but he felt that by accepting them he could not, if elected, give the attention the posi- tions deserved and at the same time do justice to his large and constantly increasing practice. advancement in his profession. He has appeared in a number of most important cases with great credit to himself, but it is as a confiden- tial adviser in matters involving large property interest in which his judgment has been appealed to, that he has achieved the most marked success. He has not had to wait for years to obtain a pav- ing practice, for almost from the beginning he has been favored with a fair share of fees and he is now enjoying a most lucrative practice and is one of the young lawyers who are always busy and profitably so. Mr. Kcator was admitted to the United States Su- preme Court in 1S90. In whatever capacity he has appeared the same reliable and thorough qualities have brought Mr. Keator into prominence. It was while he was Master of Harmony Lodge No. 52, F. & A. M. in 1890, that he made his address presenting the portrait of Past Grand Master Conrad B. Day to the Masonic Temple — an effort that was complimented in the highest terms by all who heard it. A Republican in politics he has been active in shaping events though steadfastly refusing political preferment. He was one of the original members of the Young Republican Club and a Charter member of the Pennsylvania Club. In all the Yale re-unions and many similar social affairs he has taken an active part and was oue of the originators of the University Club. Mr. Keator is a Methodist and was chiefly instrumental in building the beautiful church of St. Matthews at Fifty-third and Chestnut sts., of which he is one of the trustees. HARRY SHELMIRE HOPPER John Frisbee Keator JOHN FRISBEE KEATOR Of the members of the Philadelphia junior Bar few are more widely known or held in higher esteem than John Frisbee Keator, 241 South Fifth Street, who was born in Roxbury, Delaware County, New York, a beautiful village in the Catskills, in 1850. It is also the birth-place of Jav Gould, his cousin, (the relation- . ship being on their mother's side) and at the rc-uniou of the More family when a thousand descendants of John More, the Scotch pi- oneer and patriot, unveiled a handsome monument to his niemorv at Roxbury. Mr. Keator was selected as one of the orators of the oc- casion. He was fitted for college at Williston Seminary, Easthampton, Mass.. and entered Yale where he graduated in the Class of 1S77 with the degree of B. A. His future course appeared to be mapped out for him, for he took the first prize in oratory in Williston Sem- inary in 1872 and in Yale in 1N74. As a writer Mr. Keator showed ability also, and from 1S74 until 1 S77 he was Editor of the Yale Courant and 111 1N79 received the degree of LL B., from the Universitv of Pennsylvania. Prom the time Mr. Keator was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in 1N79 until the present his career has been oue of continuous Was born in Philadelphia on June 13, 1S58. His parents and grand-parents were all residents of the city, and his early ancestors, some of whom were Quakers, can be traced for several generations and originally came from England. He is a sou of Prof. Zephaniah Hopper, who has long been connected with the public school system of Philadelphia, and Ann Elizabeth Hopper, his wife. The subject of this sketch was educated mainly in the public schools of Philadel- phia, having attended the Wy- oming Grammar School and the Central High School. Prom the latter institution he gradu- ated in June, 1875, and re- ceived the degree of Bachelor of Arts and in June, 1SS0, he received the degree of Master of Arts. In November, 1S75, he commenced the study of law in the office of Joseph R. Rhoads, Esq., and in October, 1876, entered the Law School of the Universitv of Pennsylvania, from which he grad- uated in June, 1878, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Laws. In June, 1.S79, he was admitted to practice at the Bar of the Courts of Common Pleas and Orphans' Court of Philadelphia County. Sub- sequently he was admitted to the Bar of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania and of the United States courts of the district. Since his admission to the Bar he has been in continuous active practice, principally in the civil courts and in the management of real estate. Mr. Hopper takes a deep interest in all educational matters. He is a member of the Board of Managers of the Associated Alumni of the Central High School and was a member of the committee (and acted as its Secretary! in charge of the celebration of the semi- centennial of the school in iSSS. He has recently edited a cata- logue of all the students of the same institution, extending over a period of fifty years and containirg over 12,000 names. Mr. Hop- per is a Republican in politics, but while taking an earnest interest in public affairs has always declined active participation in political PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BENCH AND BAR. work. In 1881 he became a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In December, iNSS, Mr. Hopper married Laura A. Fetter, a granddaughter of Tillinghast King Collins, who was the founder of the famous Collins Printing House on Jayne Street, above Seventh, a man of prominence among the citizens of Philadelphia and the records of whose ancestry extend back to Colonial times and to Wales and Ireland. HENRY LAUSSAT GEYEL1N An ex-President of the Law Academy, was born in Philadel- phia, July 15, iS.57. He is a son of Emilie C. Geyelin, an engineer and constructor of the Philadelphia water works at Fairmount, and a grandson of Antony Laussat, who achieved the remarkable dis- tinction of having written, while a student of law and not of age, an "Essay on Equity in Pennsylvania," which received the com- mendation of such able lawyers as Chief Justice Marshall, ex-Chan- cellor Kent and Judge Shars- wood. It is said that Lord Brougham in discussing equity reform in this country asked an American lawyer if it were really true that the essav had been written by a law student, and being assured that it was, remarked, " If your law stu- dents produce such masterly treatises, your lawyers must lie men of unusual learning." Mr. Geyelin after receiv- ing a liberal education at the Episcopal Academy in Phila- delphia, entered the Univer- sitv of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in 1S77 with the decree of B. A. During his collegiate career he won several inter-collegiate prizes in athletics, and was one of the founders and President of the Athletic Association. Since his graduation he has maintained a lively interest in the affairs of the University, is active in all the Alumni Associations and has been a member since its formation of the Central Committee of the Alumni. After his graduation he entered the office of R. Coppee Mitchell, Esq., as a student of law and attended the lectures of the Law De- partment of the University, receiving the degree of I,L. B. He was admitted to the Bar 011 June 14, 1879, and for seven years was associated with Mr. Mitchell in the practice of the law. He at an early period took an active interest in the Law Academy, was its Treasurer in 1X79, its Vice-President in 1881, and its President in 1S83. He is now a member of the Junior Legal Club and Secretarv of the Society of the Alumni of the Law Department of the University. He is also Treasurer of the "Lincoln Institution" and Educational Home, as well as counsel for the Lincoln Institution. He is allied by mar- riage with the Rawles, having married a daughter of Hon. Henry Rawle, ex-State Treasurer of Pennsylvania. versity. He married the daughter of George Park Fisher, Esq., historian of the University of Pennsylvania. His office is at 208 South Fifth street. JAMES BAYARD HENRY Is a son of T. C. Henry, Esq., who for many years was a well known citizen of Germantown, and was born there in 1857. He received his education at Rugby Academy and graduated at Prince- ton College. He studied law in the office of Geo. Larkius, Esq., and was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in 1879. As a member of the junior Bar Mr. Henry is highly esteemed and commands a line clientage, his practice being generally in the Orphans' Court and in corporation matters. He is largely interested in trust anil rail- road company's matters, and in connection with his brother, Mr. Chas. W. Henry is largely interested in real estate transactions in various parts of the city. He is a Directoi of the Philadelphia & Erie R. R. Co., the Nesquehoning Valley R. R. Co., and Presi- dent of the Johnsonburg R. R. Co. , and member of the I'cnn and Rittenhouse Clubs. His office is in the Drcxel Building. Theodore M. Etting GEORGE WHARTON PEPPER Was born in Philadelphia in 1867. He is the sou of Dr. Geo. Pepper, and a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, both in the College and Law School. He studied law in the office of Geo. W. Biildle and H. G. Ward. Hsqs., and was admitted to the Bar in 1 889, and now practices in the various courts of the city. He holds a fellowship in the Law Department of the University of Pennsyl- vania, and annually delivers a course of lectures to the students, on pleadings in branches of Common Law, and takes an active interest in all matters pertaining to the social advancement of the Uni- THEODORE M. ETTING A prominent admiralty lawyer and member of Select Council, was born in Philadel- phia, May 25, 184(1. He is the son of Edward J. Kiting, a well-known merchant of Phil- adelphia, who secured for him an excellent education in pri- vate schools, and at the proper age placed him in the United States Naval Academy at An- napolis, where he was a student during the Civil War. After graduating he entered the navy as Lieutenant and served as such until July, 1 N 7 7 , when he resigned. Previous to his resignation he commenced the study of the law in the office of Henry R. Edmunds, Esq., a noted admiralty lawyer, ami attended lectures in the Law School of the University of Pennsylvania. In June, [S78, he was admitted to the Bar, and having secured at an early « period an opportunity to dem- onstrate his ability and knowl- edge, especially of shipping, admiralty ami corporation law. he has h id many important cases entrusted to his care and has been very successful in guarding the interests of his clients. He has also contrib- uted to magazines numerous articles on shipping and admiralty, and is the author of a valuable work on "Admiralty Jurisdiction." In February, 1885, Mr. Etting was elected the representative in Select Council of the Eighth Ward, and that his course in Coun- cil has met the approval of his constituents is demonstrated by the fact that they have successively re-elected him, and he is now serv- ing his third term. He has served as Chairman of the Committee on Law and has taken an active interest in securing to the city facilities for rapid transit. He favored the entrance into the city of the Baltimore 6c Ohio Railroad, the construction of the Reading Terminal, the Belt Line ami Market Street Elevated, and was Chairman of some of the committees that reported bills in their favor. Mr. Etting is a member of the Rittenhouse Club, G. A. R., Meade Post, Loyal Legion, and the Sons of the Revolution. MATTHEW DITTMAN Mr. Dittman is the son of the late Frederick Dittman, an emi- nent attorney of this city, who died in [876. Was In. 111 herein is,; and was educated in the public schools of Philadelphia. Philadelphia and popular Philadelphia's. BENCH AND BAR. IK- pursued a course of law studies undo the direction oi Charles Davis, Esq., and was admitted to the Bai oi Philadelphia ( ount} in i88o. since his admission to practice Mr. Dittmau has been actively and successfull} engaged in professional work, prin- cipally in the line o) commercial law and Orphans' Court practice, and he is accounted one ol the most successful oi the members oi the junioi Bai He is a Democrat oi the old school and an active worker in political struggles, doing effective work on the stump and in the councils of his party, He represented his ward in Select Council but has steadily refused political positions which have been fre quentij tendered him, and even when the nomination was the i qnh ili ni i" in election to an important office be persistentl} re fused to become the nomiuee of his party, residing as he does in one of the strongest Democratic wards in Philadelphia. Mr. Dittman is also prominent and influential in social lift IK- is an active and honored membei ol the I. O. O. F. and of almost ever} German American society bei >'i the I. aw Committee for the reliei gives liis time and his talents to charitable work, in which he is thoroughly interested and energetic. M i 1 tittman is eminently a man of the people and has drawn to himself a host of warm personal friends, and his earnestness and ability in the championship of w hat he be lieves to be i ight, in the com ts and on the stump, is recog nizcd bj all w ho have an} knowledge oi tlie man. liis professional success is due to his personal worth and energj and he has built up a large and lucrative practice, and is held in general esteem and high regard in profi ssiou al, political and private life. D. STUART ROBINSON Among the members ol the juniorBai of Philadelphia who have attained prominence in their profession, D. Stuart Robinson ma} well be named. Hi u is boi n in ihis cit ) . Feb nun 26, 1859, and inherited from his father, John Robin- son, Esq., an able attoi ne} in this cit} who had long enjoyed a large and lucrative practice, that legal talent and studious habits which in almost an} field of laboi bring deserved success. Mr, Robinson was educated in the oi (his cit} and began a course of la> of the cit v . Hi' is a mem- ol destitute < r( 1 man-, and THOMAS A. FAHY Was born January 17, 1837, in Eastport, Maine. He came to Philadelphia with his parents when he was four years of age, and was sent to the public schools of this city by them until the} died, when he was between ten and eleven years of age. He was then obliged to earn his own living among strangers. He served an apprenticeship at a mechanical trade, worked at it, and carried it on for a number of years ; was a School 1 lirector in the Eleventh Ward of the City of Philadelphia for about sixteen years, during foui of which he was a member of the Board of Education. In 1S7.S he was elected one of the City Commissioners of Philadelphia and tlun resigned his seat as a membei oi the Board of Education, he still having two years to serve. When qualified as a Cit} Com missioner he commenced to stud} law ; took a full course at the Law School of the University of Pennsylvania, graduated there from and was admitted as a member of the Bar on June [6, [880. He immediatel} began an active practice, having tried some very important and notable eases, civil and criminal, as well as in equity, in the courts of Philadelphia, and frequently argued eases in the Supreme Court. He is constantly engaged in civil and criminal practice, having hi-, office at present at [30 South Sixth street, in close proximity to all the courts- While Mr. l'ahy was learn- ing his trade and subsequently working at it he was engaged day and night, whenever the opportunity offered, in haul and constant study in the ac- quiring of an education that would tit him for the profes sion that was always upper- most in his mind the legal profession. The result is that he possess) s a good education, both as relates to his profes- sion and to the world at large. llr 1-. thoroughly a self-made Ji 'SI 1 Gazzam Public and High Schools ■ studies in the offici oi that eminent lawyer and jurist, Hon. 1'. Carroll Brewster, He was admitted to practice law in the several courts of Phila- delphia county, March 6, 1880, and soon gave promise ol a career ol usefulness and success. Mr. Robinson's practice extends to all the courts of this city and State, but he is specially concerned as counsel in the settlement and distribution oi estates in the Orphans' Court. In the weighty matters in which he is constantly engaged he has always e\ idenced that careful stud} and thorough understanding .a th< intricacies involved in the interpretations of wills and the disposition oi decedents' estates, which mark him a safe counsellor and in the argument of disputed questions he is universally recog- Ivocate oi unquestioned ability. He is a valued membei ol several social organizations, and in society, as in professional circles, he is held in high esteem I01 his worth. His offices iii the l hex el Building are desirabl} lot ited and his elose application to business and his legal attainments give promise ol a successful e.ueei of uselulness iu his profession. JOSEPH M. GAZZAM Joseph M. Gazzam, son of Dr. Edward D. Gazzam and Elizabeth Antoinette de ]>ee- len, was born iu Pittsburgh, December ?, [84a. He is a lawyer and business man ol marked ability and an ex Sen ator oi Pennsylvania with a most honorable record. Win. Gazzam, his grand- father, was an English jour- nalist oi the liberal school, who through frequent public cx- uisc of the American colonies offended ompelled to seek refuge He settled iu pressions favoring the King George ill, and in consequence w. among the people whose rights he had espoused Philadelphia, engaging in mercantile pursuits. Through the loss oi several ships seized b} French privateers the firm of Gazzam, Jones \- Taylor abandoned business in Philadelphia and transferred all theii interest to a branch store previously established at Carlisle. l'a. In [802 the partnership was dissolved and William Gazzam moved to Pittsburgh, having been appointed the first Collector of the Port by President Madison. He was also appointed a Magis trate, an office at that time of importance and dignity. He was twiee married and died iu Pittsburgh in 1 S 1 1 . leaving several children. liis fourth sou. Edward D. Gazzam, became eminent as a physician, lawyer, and subsequent!} as an important factor in Pennsylvania polities. In [848, with Salmon P. Chase and others, lu- assisted in founding the free Soil party in the memorable con- vention at Buffalo, and was then candidate foi Govemoroi Penn sylvania. He was defeated b} William F. Johnson, Whig. In 1855 he was the Free Soil candidate for the State Senate, hut was again defeated. The next year, however, as the candidate of the Union Republican part} he was elected i>\ about u 00 majority. Until his PHILADELPHIA A.xn POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BENCH AND BAR. death iii 1878 Dr. Gazzam wielded considerable influence, being ;i 111,111 (if rare intellectual attainments. Mr. Gazzam's maternal ancestry is also distinguished. Imme- diately alter peace between the United States and Great Britain Emperor Joseph II of Austria scut to tlie new republic as the Rcsi- denl Minister, Baron Antoine de Hcclen >lt Bcrtholf, who was a< 1-0111 panied by his wife ami their only son, Constantine Antoine. The Baron was Minister from [783 to 1787. Prevented from returning home by political troubles and the seizure of his estates I,., the Government, he settled in Lancaster County. The son settled in Pittsburgh and married Elizabeth Antoinette Murphy, whose mother was the daughter of an Irish nobleman. Several children were horn. Of them, Mary became the wife of I >r. Simpson, of Pittsburgh, and was the mother of the wife of the late Benjamin Rush, Esq., of Philadelphia. The other daughter, Elizabeth Antoi- nette, married Dr. E. D. Gazzam. Joseph M. Gazzam as a child was delicate and not until his fourteenth year did his father deem it advisable that he should at- tend school, lie then entered the Western University, remaining for three and a half years, when ill health again retarded his studies. An extended trip through the Western Slates, however, greatly benefited him and he returned to Pittsburgh to begin the study of law in the office of David Reed, Esq. At the age of twenty-one he was admitted to practice at the Allegheny County Bar; in [867 he was admitted to the Su- preme Court of Pennsylvania ; in 1869 to the Circuit and Dis- trict Courts of the United States, and iii [870 he was ac- corded the distinction of being among the youngest attorneys ever admitted to practice 111 the Supreme Court of the Uni- ted States. At this time he was also a director for Pennsyl- vania in the United States Law Association. In 1S72 he entered into a law partnership with Hon. Alexander G. Cochran. The firm continued until 1879, when it was dissolved, owing to Mr. Cochran's removal to St. Louis. Surrounded as he ever was by traditions of state-craft, Mr. Gazzam early developed a fondness for the political are- na. In 1S69 he was elected to represent the First Ward in the Common Council of Pitts- burgh. In 1S76 he became by acclamation of the nominating convention the Republican candidate for the Forty-third Senatorial District and was elected by a large majority. As a member of the Senate Mr. Gazzam quickly took rank as a man of ability and character. Owing to his courtesy and frank- ness he had many of the warmest friends among his political adver- saries. Fair minded, vet tenacious; pacific, yet thoroughly equipped for debate, he formed his opinions on public measures with deliberation and candor and defended them with courage and skill. He was a zealous worker for Republican principles but quite independent of "machine control." At the expiration of his term he was a recognized leader of his party and a gentleman of conceded manhood in the true sense of the term. In [878 he married Miss Mary Anna, only daughter of the late John G. Reading, who was a great-grandson of Hon. John Read- ing, a distinguished colonial Governor of New Jersey. In Novem- ber, 1879, Mr. Gazzam removed to Philadelphia and opened a law office, but he has been compelled to relinquish much 'if his practice, owing to the many duties entailed by the numerous enterprises he is connected with. He was one of the projectors lin 1882) of the Beech Creek, Clearfield & Southwestern Railroad, now known as the Beech Creek Railroad. This railroad begins at Jersey Shore and has its terminus in the thriving borough of Gazzam. Besides being a director in this company he is the President of the Cale- donia Coal Company and ol the Williamspor) Ga Presi- dent of the Wilkesbarre & Western Railway, President Kenil- worth Land Company, Vice President Quaker City National Bank, of the Bloomington Coil and Coke Company, Etowah Iron Com- pany , and of I he Dent's Run Coal Com pain ; also a dun 1, ,, I nited Security Life Insurance and Trust Company, Sprini den Insurance Company, the Poplar Creek and New River Mining Companies, People's Passenger Railw.i-, Company, besides hi similar positions in eight othei companies. Despite great business interests Mr. Gazzam's methodical hab- its have cnal ile. I him to devote considerable attention to literatun and like pursuits. He is President of the Pennsylvania Club, a life member of the Pennsylvania Historical Society, the f.ntmount Park Art Association and the Horticultural Society; also a mem her of the I'n ion League, the Medical Jurisprudence Societj , Amer- ican Academj ol Political and Social Science, University Archaeo logical Association, Manhattan Athletic Club, New York, and at present a member at large of the Republican Slate Central Com- mittee. JOSEP JOSEPH P. McCULLEN Was born in the City of Philadelphia Febi uai j 7, cm. He was educated in tile public schools, read law in 1 1, of George H. Rarle and Rich- ard P. White, and was ad- mitted to the Bar in [882. For two years after his admission to the Bar he re- mained with his preceptors as their chief assistant , and aided largely in the successful con- duct of the important litiga- tion entrusted to thai offici and particularly in es pi 1 ;ing the frauds in the Almshouse management, and in the prose cution of the violators of the election laws. In July, 1884, he became the law partner of the late Senator Joseph I'. Kennedy, which relation continued until the latter's death in June, 1886. When leaving his pre- ceptors both Mr. Earle and Mr. White wrote of him in high terms of praise for his energy, honesty and ability, and of the esteem in which they held him. The good opinion entertained of Mr. McCullen by his pre- ceptors is shared by his fellow- members of the Bar. and there are few young men who stand higher in their esteem. In Ward's Estate, argued shortly alter his admission to the Bar, ireported in 16 Philadelphia Reports of Cases, page 258, and [3 Weekly Notes of Cases, page 2N2) Judge Clement B. Penrose ol 1I1, Orphans' Court, in referring to Mr. McCullen, ithe opposing counsel being the late Hon. Win. Henry Rawle) thus expi himself in speaking for the Court: "The unusually able argument urged in support of the exceptants, and the learning and skill with which the case has been conducted by their counsel, 1 Mr. McCullen) by whom we have been most favorably impressed." Mr. McCullen has surrounded himself with a very large and influential clientage, and his success ranks him among the fore- most members of the junior Bar. At the great banquet given on Jackson's Day, 1S91. at the Academy of Music by the Young Men's Democratic Association, Mr. McCullen was the only local speaker, he being chosen by common consent as the most fitting young man of his party to respond to the toast oi "Young Democracy," in the presence of its great leaders. The other orators were ex-President Cleveland, 1 1 Secretary Bayard, Governor Pattison, and Congressmen Russell and Breckenridge. Mr. McCullen 's address was received with en- thusiasm, and the press of the city was unanimous in his praise. It might be said that it typified his character — it was able and modest. McCULLtN 55 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADLLI'UIAXS. BENCH AND BAR. Mr. McCullen is a member of the Catholic Club, of the Philo- patrian Literary Institute, of the Young Men's Democratic Associa- tion, of the Law Academy, of which he was for several years an officer, of the University Extension Association, of the Law Asso- ciation, and he is the Solicitor for the American Catholic Historical Society. GUSTAVE R. SCHAEFER Was born in this city, and is a son of the well-known Real Es- tate ami Insurance Broker, John Schaefer. The latter is a native of Germany, and during the Revolution of [848 in that country he was one of the prominent leaders of the revolutionists; by reason of his active participation in that demonstration was forced to emi- grate to America, and located in this city. On December 30, 1S58, the subject of this sketch was born. He was educated in the public schools of Philadelphia, and stepped from the school-room into the office of John A. Bickel, Esq., under whom he read law. His ex- amination was passed with flying colors, and on November 6, 18S0, although not yet twenty-two years old, he was admitted to the Phil- adelphia Bar. By close application to his profession he has at- tained a reputation of which he can well feel proud, and his prac- tice in the civil courts has been especially bright and successful. He has a large clientage among Building Associations, being so- licitor for no less than tea of those institutions. He is a member of the Supreme Court and the United States District and Circuit Courts of Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware. In educational affairs he has been prominent as the Representative of the Twenty- fourth Ward in the School Board for two terms, and for four he was Secretary of the Board. During his connection with the schools, he was always at the front when measures that would be advantage- ous to furthering their interests were introduced, and advocated their passage with a firmness and persistency that generally won the day. Mr. Schaefer is a Thirty-second Degree Mason, an Odd Fellow, and holds membership in the Young Republican Club and Philadelphia Turngemeinde, among which societies and associa- tions he has many warm friends, as he has also among his fellow- members of the Bar. JOHN A. WARD Was born in the City of Philadelphia, on August 15, 1S60, his parents being Michael L. and Mary K. Ward. His earlier educa- tion was obtained at St. Paul's Parochial School, from which insti- tution he was entered at LaSalle College, both of the city of Phila- delphia. He graduated from the latter institution in June, 187S, after having conferred upon him the degree of Bachelor of Arts ; and in June, 1SS1, his Alma Mater conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts. He was an only son, and conscious of the re- sponsibilities with which he would soon have to battle, and anxious that no time should be lost, he immediately entered the law office of General William (Buck) McCandlcss as a student. He was ad- mitted to practice as an attorney of the Philadelphia courts in October, 1SS1, — two months after attaining his majority, — and at once became the law partner of his preceptor, which relation con- tinued until the death of General McCandlcss in 1885. Since attaining his majority he has been actively connected with local politics — being an uncompromising Democrat. Mr. Ward has never held political office, but has been an active and prominent factor in almost every Democratic County Convention during the past ten years. He was nominated by the Democrats of the Twelfth Ward as their candidate for Select Council in 18S9, but, in one of the bitterest political fights in its history, was defeated by but 165 votes. Mr. Ward is a well known and successful member of the Bar ;a member of a number of political, social, and scientific organiza- tions, including the Young Men's Democratic Association of Phila- delphia, the Hibernian Society, the Carrollton Club, and the Cath- olic Historical Society ; and is a vigorous example of that type of successful young men peculiar to the Quaker City. EDWARD W. MAG1LL One o( Philadelphia's younger lawyers, who has obtained a flat- tering recognition and success at the Bar, is the sou of Watson P. Magill, a well known and highly respected Bucks County Quaker farmer, who was the first to respond to the call to arms when the State was subject to invasions in 1863. He mustered a company of his neighbors, was elected its Captain and went at once to the front. In 1S68 he was a Grant elector, and during Grant's administration was offered the position of Assessor of Internal Revenues for the upper part of Bucks county. Since his majority the Republican party has had a staunch adherent. E. W. Magill was born on the old farm January 27, 185S, pass- ing his younger days at the neighboring public schools. But his educational advantages were not confined to these, for he later be- came a student at the private academy at Lambertville, N. J., and in 1N74-75 was undergoing a course at Swarthmore College. At the end of his school days he entered the law office of Orlander Harvey , of Chester, who was then City Solicitor, and began the study of law, and in September, 1880, he was admitted to the Delaware county Bar. But his search for knowledge did not end here, as he became a student in the Law Department of the University of Pennsylvania, graduating with honor from that institution in [881. From January, 18S2, to September, 1886, he was an assistant to Robert Alexander, Esq., and Chas. F. Warwick, Esq., and after- wards associated himself with Carroll R. Williams, who was Coun- cilman for two terms from the Twenty-Fourth Ward. On January 1, 1 Sg 1 , he again became associated with Robert Alexander as a partner, and continues with him at the present time. He is a quiet, but impressive speaker, concise and careful in his delivery; thoroughly acquainted with the technical points of law, and an honor to the profession he has adopted and in which he has already attained marked success. His pleasant humor, and genial smile and disposition have won for him a host of friends, not only among his fellow members of the Bar, but the public which know him so well. He is a member of the Young Republican Club of this city, and a faithful worker for its interests and advancement. THOMAS DIEHL Among the younger members of the Philadelphia Bar, Mr. Thomas Diehl is universally recognized as a successful leader. He was born in this city, October 22, 1S61, and was educated in some of the principal private schools of this city. His father, Thomas J. Diehl, was an eminent lawyer and coun- sellor in Philadelphia, who for many years conducted a large prac- tice in both civil and criminal courts with marked success, as a glance at Deacon's Prominent Pennsylvanians will show. The subject of this brief notice pursued his law studies under the direction of his father, and was admitted to practice in the Courts of Philadelphia County, November 4, 1S82. Inheriting the legal talent of his father he soon became well known as an able advocate, and his practice in the courts attained large proportions. His offices are situated at No. 530 Walnut street, where he has one of the largest and most complete private law libraries in the city. In his professional career Mr. Diehl, like his father, has met with success. He is thorough in the preparation of his cases. In Roop's Appeal, 132 Pennsylvania State Reports, involving the question of a married woman's liability as security for her hus- band's debt, a question then new and of great practical importance, Mr. Diehl was counsel for appellant and managed the case with masterly ability. He is a member of the Union League and of the Philadelphia Art Club, and is counsel for St. Clement's Church, of this city, ami other organizations. Among the legal fraternity, as by the judges of the courts, Mr. Diehl is held in high esteem for his scholarly attainments and pro- fessional worth. SYDNEY G. FISHER Was born in Philadelphia, September it, 1S56. He was the son of Sydney G. Fisher, who was a lawyer, and the author of sev- eral books and pamphlets which attracted considerable attention during the Civil War. Among them, "The Trial of the Constitu- tion," "Kansas and the Constitution," and "The Law of the Ter- ritories." Mr. Fisher graduated at Trinity College, Hartford, Conn., in the class of 1S79, studied law with Francis Rawle, Esq., and while registered in that office spent two years at the Harvard Law School. He now assists Mr. Rawle in his practice at 402 Walnut street, and is the author of several legal articles, viz: "Are the Departments of Government Independent of Each Other." — American Law- Review, Vol. 21, p. 210. "Suspension of Habeas Corpus during the War of the Rebellion." — Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 3, p. 454. "Survival of Actions." — American Law Review, Vol. 20, p. 48. "Limited Partnership." — American Law Review, Vol. 20, p. 56 PHILADELPHIA A. YD POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BENCH AND BAR. 848. "Administration of Equity through Common Law Forms." — Law Quarterly Review (London), Vol. 1, p. 455. Mr. Fisher lias also written a pamphlet entitled "The Causes of the Increase of Divorce," published in March, 1890, in which he has attempted to account for the increase of divorce in modern limes by a historical view of the whole snhject and an analysis of our con- ception of marriage as it was developed in the middle ages. This pamphlet, rewritten and amplified by further investigations, was published in the Philadelphia Sunday Press of July 13, 1S90, and copied the following week by the St. Louis Globe Democrat. Mr. Fisher's most important public case was Commonwealth v.i. Webber, in which he appeared with \V. W. Carr, Esq., in defence of the defendant who was indicted for a very extraordinary murder. The case raised some curious legal questions which had not been settled in Pennsylvania, and is fully reported in 119 Pennsylvania State Reports, 223. Mr. Fisher's practice is a general one in connection with Mr. Rawlc in the Common Pleas, the V. S. Circuit and District Courts, and the Orphans' Court. He is a member of the Library Commit- tee of the Law Association and of the Board of Examiners for admission to the Bar. He be- longs to the University Club. On July 30, 1880, Mr. Fisher wrote for the New York Nations letter signed "F.G.S." which was the beginning of the movement which estab- lished the various Civil Service Reform societies throughout the country. This letter was followed by other letters from Mr. Fisher and Mr. F. W. Hobbs, a well-known lawver of New York, " F. W. H.,"' in the Xation, and resulting in the distribution of literature throughout the country, had its effect in bringing about the adoption of our Civil Reform Service. name. Since then he has been suggested for several positions of public honor and trust but has declined to accept any position out- side of his profession. JAMES M. BECK Was born in this city on July 9, 1861. He was educated in the public schools. In 1876 he entered college at Bethle- hem, Pa., from which he grad- uated in 1880; he then com- menced the study of law with Mr. Outerbridge. In April, 1S.S4, he was admitted to the Bar, and in 1S85 became asso- ciated with William F. Har- ritv, Ksq., which relation con- tinued until February, 1891, when they formed a law part- nership under the firm name of Harritv & Beck. In March, iSSS, the Attorney General appointed Mr. Beck an Assistant Attorncvfor the United States. In Mr. Beck's brief career at the Bar he has tried a large num- ber of cases in both the civil and criminal courts, some of them of more than ordinary importance. He prepared and assisted in the trial of Wanamaker vs. Cadwalader, Collector, which excited widespread interest and involved in its bearing upon similar cases over seven millions of dollars. He also argued the case of Mullen vs. Traction Company, which decided that this Company was com- pelled to rcpavc the streets occupied by its leased lines. Mr. Beck has also, in an unusually short time, gained a reputation as a public speaker. On March 17, 1SN6, he responded at the annual dinner of the Hibernian Society to the toast " Civil and Religious Liberty." In 1888, on an invitation of the Democratic National Commit- tee, he spoke at various points in New York, New Jersey, Connecti- cut and Pennsylvania. He has delivered lectures on various literary and social subjects, and was one of the editors of Shakesperiaua. In April, 1890, he responded to a toast at a notable public dinner in the City of Bos- ton, in commemoration of Thomas Jefferson. He was prominently suggested for the succession to ex-Speaker Randall's Congressional seat, but declined to allow the use of his James M. Beck WILLIAM H. R. LUKENS Was born in Philadelphia, May 17, 1857. He is the son of Andrew and Catharine Lukens, his father died in April, 1S59. Was educated in the public schools, and attended the Northern Liberties grammar school. He also attended Bryant & Stratton's Business College, after which he went into the stationery business at the northwest corner of Second and Brown Streets, but he gave up the business to enter the law offices of Lewis D. Yail, Esq., in October, 1879. June, 1883, he graduated from the Law Department of the University of Pennsylvania and was admitted to the Bar the same month. In 18S1 he was nominated by the Republicans for Select Council but not being twenty-five years of age he was compelled to decline. In 1884 he was a member of the Republican State Committee from t he- Third District. In 1SS6 was a member of the Republican City Committee from the Eleventh Ward. After his term expired he gave up politics to attend to his growing law practice. While in politics was a member of the Young Republicans of Phila- delphia; was Director for sev- eral years, and in 1S84 was :i member of the Campaign Committee, and took an active part in the campaign. He is a member of Integ- rity I.. idge No. 187, F. & A . M . , now Senior Warden. A mem- ber of T. B. Freeman Chapter No. 243, Kensington Com- mandery No. 54, K. T., also Lu Lu Temple A. A. O. N. M. S., also member of Fidclitv Lodge No. 138, I. O. O. F., and has represented that lodge in the Board of Trustees of the Odd Fellows Cemetery Company for the past ten years, ami been chairman of Finance Commit- tee for the past four years. He is a member of Fourth Baptist Church and was a number of years secretary of the Sunday School. Mr. Lukens' business has been confined to the civil and Orphans' courts having settled a large number of estates in the neighborhood in which he resides. He still has offices with Mr. Vail ; has also been solicitor for a number of Loan Associations. He is an active member of • the Philadelphia Bicycle Club and Philadelphia Cycle and Field Club. Office rooms 504 and 505 Girard Building. He was married December 2S, [885, to Mattie Hayhurst, daugh- ter of .Samuel Hayhurst. He has had two children, one living. FRANCIS E. BUCHER Was born in Suuburv, Northumberland County, Pa., Septem- ber 25, 1S59. In 1S77 he entered Franklin and Marshall College and graduated therefrom in 1881 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. At his graduation he was given the second honor or Marshall Oration. In" 1881 he entered the University of Pennsylvania, Law Department, and graduated therefrom a Bachelor of Laws in 1883. In the same vcar, 1883, he was admitted to practice law at the Bar of Philadelphia County. Mr. Bucher has resided in'Philadelphia since his admission to the Bar and has there steadily and successfully pursued the practice of the law. Offices, 550 Drexel Building. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHLLADELPHIANS. BENCH AND BAR. JOHN HAMPTON BARNES John Hampton Barnes is one of the most prominent members of that brilliant group of young attorneys who have through their marked successes in the profession reflected so much credit upon the Philadelphia Bar. He comes from old New England stock, who were among the earliest settlers of the colonies, locating at Marl- borough, Mass. Mr. Barnes was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., in i860, is a son of William H. Barnes, a Philadelphian and a prominent railroad man, being one of the directors of the Pennsylvania Rail- road Company. His mother was a Miss Hampton, daughter of the Hon. W. Hampton, one of the Judges of the District Court at Pittsburgh. Mr. Barnes received the earlier portion of his education at a private school in Pittsburgh, and later, in 1877, entered Vale Col- lege, from which he graduated in 1881, and at once began the study of law in the office of his uncle, John H. Hampton, of Pittsburgh. His legal studies were completed by a course in the Columbia Law School, of New York, and in December, 1883, he was admitted to the Bar in Philadelphia. A few months later he was ap- pointed Examiner of Claims in the Legal Department of the Pennsylvania Railroad. In 1S86 he entered the office of Wayne MacVeagh and later became a member of his firm. Mr. Barnes has a thorough conception of the studies of his profession, is quick to grasp a technical error, and keen as to the best methods to use in the trial of a case and an address to a jury, over which he possesses great influ- ence, due to his familiarity with human nature. He is a forcible speaker and couches his language in clear, plain sentences which enable the jurymen to understand exactly what is being said. Mr. Barnes has a general and constantly growing practice, both in court and as a counsellor, and has been singularly successful with the cases entrusted to him, especially those of corpora- tions, which form a large per- centage of his clientage. Like all Yale men, he is interested in athletics. At the present time he is a member of various clubs, both athletic and social, and is Secretary of the Philadelphia County Club. He is also a member of the New England Society and takes great interest in its suc- cess and advancement, and also various organizations of a similar character. the nomination of Hon. Robert E. Pattison for Governor, which he did in an elocpient speech. In September, 1S90, he was chosen Chairman to preside over the Judicial Convention which nomi- nated Hon. Thomas K. Finletter for his third term. In 1S86 he was nominated by the Democrats of the First District as a candi- date for Congress against General Henry H. Bingham and obtained the largest percentage of Democratic votes cast for any Democratic candidate. The district was overwhelmingly Republican. Mr. Rvau has been active in the efforts to advance the interests of the Irish race, and at the request of the Irish National League of Amer- ica visited over thirty States in the Union, lecturing in the princi- pal cities. Since 1886 he has been State Delegate in the Irish National League. In conjunction with Dr. Thomas Addis Emmet, Eugene Kelly, Judge Morgan, William R. Grace and others, he assisted in organizing the Iris.ta Confederation, and was selected as Vice-President, representing the State of Pennsylvania. He was for three vears President of the Philomathean Literary Institute and for two years President of the Catholic Young Men's Union ; for three years President of the Irish American Club. Is at present a member of the Hibernian Society, the Tariff Reform Club, the Young Men's Demo- cratic Association, the Catholic Historical Society, the Fair- mount Park Association and the Law Association of Phila- delphia. In 1 886 Mr. Ryan married Miss Eleanor Kemper, a daughter of the late Andrew Kemper, a prominent and re- spected citizen of this city. Michael J. Ryan MICHAEL J. RYAN E. CLINTON RHOADS Was born in Philadelphia in 1863 and is a graduate of the High School. He studied law with G. W. McKeehan, Esq., and graduated from the Law Department of the Uni- versity of Penns3 - lvauia, taking both the ordinary and post- graduate courses in law. He was admitted to the Bar in 1S84 and has now an active practice. He has been engaged in several important criminal cases in addition to his civil practice. In politics Mr. Rhoads has been rather independent. He took part in the fight against the Traction bills in 1887, and in the campaign against Mr. Leeds for Sheriff; he was a member of the Independent Republican State Committee in 1890 which opposed Mr. Delamater for Governor. He has always taken an interest in various movements having in view the commercial interests of the city. Was born in Philadelphia, June 13, 1862, and was educated at St. Augustine School and La Salle College. He studied law under the direction of George H. Earle and Richard P. White, and was admitted to the Bar in 18S4. In the practice of law he has been successful and has secured as clients many influential and promi- nent citizens. He has recently been appointed by the Court of Common Pleas, No. 3, to the receivership of the Annual Benefit Society — a mark of favor and confidence seldom bestowed on so young a man. Mr. Ryan has interested himself in public affairs and has estab- lished a reputation as an eloquent public speaker, and his services have been in request in various campaigns. During the contest which resulted in the election of Mayor King, of Philadelphia, and in the memorable Presidential cam- paign of 1884, Mr. Ryan was called upon to address meetings in New Jersey and New York, and in 1890 he was selected to second THOMAS LEAMING Comes of a family who have been Philadelphians for some gen- erations. He was educated at the Episcopal Academy and the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania. Leaving college before graduating, he took a position in a mercantile house where he acquired practical business experience. Subsequently he read law with Hon. Wayne MacVeagh and George Tucker Bispham, Esq. After admission to the Bar he be- gan practice for himself and rapidly acquired a considerable and growing general practice which soon placed him in the front rank of the rising lawyers and which keeps him constantly in court, both at home and in the West, where he frequently appears in the courts of Chicago and other cities representing Eastern in- terests. In politics he is a Republican, although independent in local questions. In 18S1 he was elected a member of the old Committee 58 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BENCH AND BAR. of One Hundred and took a prominent part in its triumphs, until its frequent support of Democrats somewhat chilled the more con- servative clement to which he belonged. He was one of the orig- inators of the new city charter — known as the Bullitt Bill — and was one of the conference committees of the rival town meetings which finally reconciled the opposition to the measure. His name has been, at times, mentioned for various local offices, but when offered the position of Director of Charities and Corrections in the first ad- ministration under the new city charter, and again that of assistant solicitor for the sheriff, he declined to accept. EDWARD DE VEAUX MORRELL Edward De Veaux Morrell was born in Newport, Rhode Island, while his parents were temporarily sojourning there, on August 7, 1862. His father belonged to an old and leading Philadelphia family and his mother was the youngest daughter of John Hare Powcl, a vcrv prominent Philadeiphian, belonging to the old Powel family in Philadelphia. His father died when the subject of this sketch was about ten years of age. At an early age he was brought to Philadelphia and has resided here ever since. He entered the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania and grad- uated with an honor in 1SS5, when he entered the office of his stepfather, John G. John- son, a prominent member of the Philadelphia Bar, and com- menced the study of the law. He was always at the head ot his class and passed a rather brilliant college career, and also examinations for the Bar. He passed the necessary exam- inations and was admitted to the Bar in January, 188S. He graduated from the Law De- partment of the University of Pennsylvania in June, 188S, and was selected to deliver the Law oration at the general commencement. At that same commencement there were conferred upon him the de- grees of Bachelor of Laws and Bachelor of Arts. In January, 1889, he mar- ried Louise Bouvier.the young- est daughter of the late Fran- cis A. Drexel, formerly a mem- ber of the firm of Drexel and Company, and since that time has taken an active part in the management of the business affairs of his estate. In February, 1S91, he was elected to Select Council from the Thirty-fifth Ward, in which body he attained a prominent position and has advocated many promi- nent measures ; for instance, the North-eastern Elevated Railroad, the changing of the city's deposits and many local matters. It is needless to say that he occupies a very prominent position in social circles. his confidence in the opportunities the United States offers to the industrious and energetic citizen. He has since had the satisfac- tion of bringing to the United States, his parents who are still liv- ing, ami a brother and sister. After remaining in New York City a short time, Mr. O'Callaghan came to Philadelphia, which city he has made his permanent home, and from 1875 to 1S82 was engaged in commercial pursuits. Always a student he early took a deep interest in the study of our government and institutions, and of public questions, and was led by his investigations on attaining his majority and becoming a citizen to identify himself with the Republican party. He pos- sesses many of the gifts of the born orator to which he adds the cul- ture of the student. He is very much in demand as a political speaker and he does his share of the political work willingly, while at the same time he is entirely free from political ambition, and is entirely devoted to the profession of the law. In the summer of 1S82, he became a student in the law office of ex-Senator B. F. Hughes, and after graduating from the Law I 'epattment of the University of Pennsylvania, he was admitted to the Bar in June, 1885. As his preceptor was then a member of the State Senate, a co-part- nership was entered into be- tween the young attorney and Mr. Hughes, which continued for two years, after which Mr. O'Callaghan opened an office of his own. He is a careful, painstak- ing and aggressive lawyer, and has met with marked success in the trial of cases in the civil courts ; although his success has by no means been confined to the civil courts. Edward De Veaux Morrell MICHAEL J. O'CALLAGHAN Is a successful member of the Philadelphia Bar. He was born at Cork, Ireland, October 24, 1857. In 1S66 his parents removed to Lancashire, England. Mr. O'Callaghan was educated in the public schools of England, and under the guidance of private teachers. At an early age he sought employment in the cotton mills of Lanca- shire, England, and became at the age of sixteen years, the foreman of the spinning department of the mill where he was employed. In 1874, leaving his parents in England, he emigrated to the United States, believing this country afforded the best opportunity for individual effort and advancement. This was a bold move for a youth of seventeen years without means and without friends or favoring influeuce in the new country, but the result has justified FRANK R. SHATTUCK Was born in Middlesex county, Connecticut, February 19, 1864. His father, Francis E. Shattuck, was one of the leading fire insurance men of this city for many years, com- ing here in 1866. The subject of this notice was educated in the public schools of Philadel- phia, and was graduated from the High School in June, 1SS1. He began his course of law- studies in the office of Alex- ander P. Colesberry, and sub- sequently, in 1883, entered the Law Department of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in 18S5 with honor, and the same year he was admitted to prac- tice in the several courts of Philadelphia county. Three years later he entered into partner- ship with his former law preceptor, and is now actively engaged in a lucrative general practice as attorney and counsellor. Mr. Shattuck is an able speaker, and both on the rostrum and in political contests has been noted for his eloquence. He is a valued member of the Young Men's Democratic Association, of the Young Democratic Battalion, of the Jefferson Club and the Iroquois Club of the Fifteenth Ward, in which he resides. In 18S8 he was nominated bv his party as candidate for the City Councils but declined, believing that the " post of honor is the private station." He is also interested in athletic sports and in art, and is an active and influential member of the Athletic Club of the Schuyl- kill Navy and of the West Philadelphia Boat Club and the Art Club, and devotes his leisure hours to healthful recreation and the pursuit of art. Mr. Shattuck was married November 18, 1886, to Miss Ella A. Woodward, who was a niece of the well-known Jos. J. Martin, Esq. By reason of his studious methods, careful preparation of his cases, and his marked ability as an advocate, Mr. Shattuck has enjoyed a measure of success which gives promise of increased prosperity and continued usefulness. 59 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIAXS. BENCH AND BAR. HENRY JAMES HANCOCK A rising member of the junior Bar, was born in West Philadel- phia, August 18, 1864. He is the son of George W. Hancock, the eminent surveyor and engineer whose record is given in another portion of this work, and is a descendant of the Richard Hancock who came over from England in 1680 as a deputy under William Penu for the Fenwick Grant in New Jersey. After receiving a good education in private schools he entered Swarthmore College, from which he was graduated in 1S84, and then began the study of law, attending the lectures of the Law School of the University of Pennsylvania for two years. He was admitted to the Bar a short time after he had attained his majority. After spending some time in foreign travel he began the practice of the law with the advantage of having a large circle of acquaint- ances who had confidence in his ability and integrity and knew of his studious habits. He early took an active interest in the Law Academy, one of the oldest organizations in the country, and when J. Houston Merrill, Esq., undertook the preparation of his great encyclopedia of American and English law Mr. Hancock con- tributed several articles that now constitute part of a work that has been commended for its accurate learning by the judges of the highest courts in all the States. When the West Philadelphia Title and Trust Company was organized, Mr. Hancock was elected a director and served for a time as such. O. PERCY BRIGHT Of the junior members of the Philadelphia Bar there are none whose future gives brighter promise of distinction than O. Percy Bright, who for three years past has been en- gaged in successful practice, with his office at 524 Walnut street. Mr. Bright was born at Wilmington, Del., February 22, 1863, and was educated at private academies and under the direction of a private tutor was prepared for college. He entered the Freshman class of Vale University in the fall of 1NS1 anil was graduated from this time-honored institution with the Class Day honors in 1885, after completing the full classical course of study. He began the study of law at Har- vard University in October of the same year, but after a time abandoned his purpose and accepted a journalistic position in Chicago, which was found incongenial and was in turn given up, and for nearly a year Mr. Bright devoted himself to travel and study. Resuming his law studies at the University of Pennsylvania, he was graduated from the Law De- partment in 1888, and was at once admitted to practice in the courts of Philadelphia county. In October of the same vear he opened an office at 524 Walnut street, where he is still located and is suc- cessfully engaged in professional life. He has also a law office in Wilmington, Del., at 717^2 Market street. Able as an advocate and thoughtful and considerate in his coun- sel, the future bespeaks for him that prominence and distinction which awaits earnest endeavor and patient and persistent effort. Mr. Bright is a member of the Young Men's Democratic Club, of Wilmington, and of several social societies of that city. WILLIAM W. SMITHERS Was born in Philadelphia May 5, 1864. His father was Wil- liam H. Smithers who died in 1865 while Captain of a steamer which had been engaged during the war in the transportation of troops from the north to Fortress Monroe. His mother, Mary J. Reed, was a grand-daughter of Captain Anthony Ingraham, who com- manded the militia at Lewes, Delaware, during the war of 1S12. Both the Smithers and Ingraham families are among the oldest in Delaware. In 1865 after the death of her husband Mrs. Smithers re- moved to Milton, Delaware, where William W. — the only son among four children — received his education at the public school. In 1876 the family returned to Philadelphia, and in 1877 our subject entered the law office of his uncle, Elias P. Smithers, Esq., where he remained as office boy, clerk and student successively until 1889 when he matriculated at the Law School of the University of Penn- sylvania. In 1SS7 he received his degree of Bachelor of Laws — also two honors — the first essav prize, and class oratorship — this being the first instance in the history of the Law School where one student had received more than one honor. He was admitted to the Bar of the County courts, June 18, 1S87, and of the Supreme Court January 6, 1890. He remained associated with his uncle until September 1, 1S89, when he took offices at No. 723 Walnut Street, where he has since remained in active gene- ral practice — devoting himself specially, however, to criminal law and the law of private cor- porations and municipal im- provements. His particular hobby is the folk-lore of the Delaware Peninsula, and he is much interested in penal dis- cipline, educational matters and general literature. He is a Republican ami takes an ac- tive part in all campaigns. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, Odd Fellows, Ju- nior Order American Mechan- ics, Young Republicans, Al- umni Association of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania — having been on the Board of Managers since shortly after his graduation, Law Academy, Law Association and the Penn- sylvania Historical Society. 0. Percy Brig LUTHER S. KAUFFMAN Though a recent acquisi- tion to the Philadelphia Bar, has been a rnember of the pro- fession for several years anil is widely known throughout the country as an original thinker and forcible speaker. He was born in Minersville, Schuylkill County, Novembers, 1846, and after being fitted for college at the Orwigsburg Academy was entered as a student in the Pennsylvania College at Get- tysburg, Pa., though only fourteen years of age. The breaking out of the civil war interrupted his studies and when Pennsylvania was threatened with invasion, in 1S63, he hurried to his native town to induce his young friends to join him in repelling the invaders, and succeeded in enlisting almost a company, with whom he marched to the front as a private soldier, remaining in the United States service until after the battle of Gettysburg and the emergency had passed. The next fourteen years of his life were spent in various com- mercial pursuits — as a banker in Minersville, General Agent of a Life Insurance Company in Pittsburgh and a broker in New York. In 187S he went to Colorado where he studied law and was admitted to the Bar of the Supreme Court of that State. He remained there in the practice of the law until Julv, 1884, when he accepted a position with a Life Insurance Company which required him to travel through the Northern States and Canada. Retiring from this in 1SS7 he established himself as a lawyer at Lancaster, Pa., where he remained until September 1S90, when he removed to Philadelphia. Mr. Kauffman has given special attention to corpo- ration business and has devised a series of improved books for cor- porations which are now in use by over 400 incorporated com- panies throughout the United States. He has in preparation a PHILADELPHIA AND POPl 'LAP PHILADELPHIA .VS. BENCH AND BAR. manual for companies incorporated under the laws of Pennsyl- vania and another so arranged as to be of value to corporations in any of the United States. In association with Wayne MacVeagh, Esq., he is attorney for the Dairymen's National Protective Associ- ation and has been very active and successful in prosecuting those accused of illegally selling oleomargarine. Mr. Kaulfman is interested in Reform movements and was a delegate to the first convention held in Chicago, September, 1S69, which organized the National Prohibition party. JOHN CROMWELL BELL John Cromwell Bell was born at Elder's Ridge, Indiana County, Pa., on October 3, 1S61. He removed to Philadelphia in 1876, and a few months later entered the Central High School. He led his class during the four years' course at that institution, graduating in 1SS0 and receiving his degree of A. M. in [885. A vear after his graduation he entered the office of John Moy- land Thomas, Esq., and in 1S82 matriculated in the Law School of the University of Pennsyl- vania. His ability and apt fit- ness for his chosen profession soon became manifest to both his professors and his class- mates. The latter chose him Class President ; the former upon his graduation awarded him the Meridetli Essay Prize, selecting him also to deliver the law oration at commence- ment. Referring to these dis- tinctions, the late E. Coppee Mitchell, Esq., in a letter writ- ten him at the time, said : " It does not often happen that out of the few honors which it is in the power of the faculty to bestow upon one about to graduate, two of tlicm should fall to the same person, as has happened in your case. But your uniform attention to your studies, united to your agree- able manners, have won for vou the respect and good will, not only of the faculty, but of your fellow students, and I am sure that no one will think that the honors have been ill be- stowed." The distinguished lawyer, P. Pemberton Morris, Esq., re- tiring from the faculty at this time, after a professorship of more than twenty-five years, Mr. Bell was chosen by the Law School to present his por- trait to the University, as a perpetual memorial of his long and valuable service, which had added so much to the renown of the Law Department of the Llni- versitv of Pennsylvania. This he did in an effective address delivered at the close of his oration. For his oration, "A Sketch of Our Government," he received much praise. He is an eloquent, earnest and convincing speaker. His practice, which is a general one, is large and increasing. He is well known among the builders throughout the city, many of the largest of whom are represented by him. In '83-'S4 and a post graduate year '85, he was half back on the University Eleven. He is now Chairman of the Foot Ball Association and Secretarv of the Athletic Association of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania. He was recently married to Miss Fleur- ette de Benneville Myers, daughter of Hon. Leonard Myers and granddaughter of Mrs. Harriet de Benneville Keim. Henry HOWSON & HOWSON The day is long past when the lucky inventor was compelled to exhaust both money and time in his efforts to secure a patent, and then after all to retire defeated and sell the work of his brain to some capitalist with plenty of money to push it through. The securing of patents is to-day a specialty of the law business, because the prompt and economical performance of such work requires particular material and office organization which the lawyerwho devotes himself to this special branch only can afford. Few gen- eral practitioners care to take up patent cases, willingly consenting that this particular branch should be left to the specialists. The Patent Office at Washington prints and distributes gratuitously the "Rules of Practice" for the instruction and guidance of inventors, and its pages show most clearly the necessity in the care of the se- lection of a "patent solicitor." for a number of years the firm of Howson & Howson, coun- sellors at law and solicitors ot patents, have made a special! 5 of the soliciting of patents, American and foreign registering of trade marks and labels, the conducting of suits in the courts on patents, trade marks and copyrights. Their Philadelphia house was estab- lished by the late Mr. Henry Howson in 1853, since which time thousands of patents have been applied for through their agency and they have been counsels in patent suits in the United States courts and litigated cases in the Patent Office. The Wash- ington branch office, now in the Atlantic Building, 92N ]■' Street, was opened in 1868, and in 1SS7 still another branch was established iu New York, it being in ehargc of one of the partners, in the Poller Building, 38 Park Row. The Philadelphia offices are in the Forrest Building, 119 South Fourth Street. All of the offices are open from 9 A. M. to 5.30 P. M. for general busi- ness, closing on Saturdays, however, at 4 P. M. The com- pany does not carry on a spec- ulative business, does not re- ceive contingencies, and does not make its fees conditional on the securing of a patent, or undertake to return fees or parts thereof if a patent is not obtained. These competent solicitors will not give a posi- tive opinion as to the inven- tion of a novelty without a special examination, such as would necessarily cost the client considerably more than to have the question deter- mined at once by the Patent Office. The prosecution or defense of patent suits is an important branch of the business of Messrs. Howson & Howson. Thev have managed many pat- HowSON en (- litigations in the courts and in the Patent Office. The successful patent solicitor is a patent lawyer to the extent at least of being thoroughly conversant with the rulings of the United States court in patent cases, and this the Howson & Howson Company claim to be, for by these rulings the practice of the Patent Office is or should be governed. Messrs. Howson & Howson have coupled the practice of patent soliciting and of patent law, and thereby have secured special advantages for the prosecu- tion of both branches. The late Henry Howson, who gained such prominence in this countrv as a patent lawver and solicitor, was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1823. His father was the Rev. John Howson, for a number of years a master of the grammar school at Giggleswick, in that county. He was the brother of the latcRev. J. S. Howson, D.D., well known as the Dean of Chester. Henry Howson received a fair classical education at his father's school. He was apprenticed to the London engineering firm of William Fairbairn & Co., and there he went through a complete mechanical and engineering training. He served his time with Fairbairn & Co., and then went into the es- tablishment of James Nasmyth, the famous inventor of the steam hammer, as chief draughtsman and designer. After that for a while he was with his brother, Richard Howson, as a patent agent 111 Manchester. Mr. Richard Howson is now of Middleborough-ou- 61 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. DETECTIVE AGENCY. Tecs, England, and a well known metallurgical engineer. Henry Howson came to the United States earl}- in 1851 and settled in Philadelphia. He was employed as designer in various mechanical and engineering establishments, but made his chief successes in the house of Sutton & Co. Among his many designs of engineer- ing and mechanical works during this period were several pumping engines for the Philadelphia Water Works and the West Philadel- phia stand-pipe recently removed to the Spring Garden Pumping Station. He died on February 12, 1885. He had been in this country but a few years when he commenced practice as a solicitor of patents, and he pursued that business up to the time of his death. For over thirty years he commanded a large clientage, and in due course of time he associated with aim in the patent cause business his two sons, Charles and Henry. Early in life he wrote considerably for me- chanical papers, but later on he devoted his abilities to works appertaining to patents, among which may be men- tioned, "Our Country's Debt to Patents," " Patents and the Useful Arts," "The American Patent System," "A Brief Treatise on Patents." The last two mentioned works were written in collaboration with his son Charles. He had great interest in everything pertain- ing to patents, and at the time of his death there were over 6000 volumes on this subject alone in his library. Mr. How- son was always active in the interest of inventors, pleading for needed reforms in Patent Office law- and rules of prac- tice. He was chiefly instru- mental in bringing about the order of the Commissioner of Patents dispensing with the requirements of models with application of patents. This order, he showed, was an un- necessary and grievous burden upon inventors. One of the aims of Mr. Howson 's life was to show by comparison the availability for decorative uses of many varieties of American wood ignored by wood work- ers- He died before he could fully carry out his purpose, although the collection at the time ot his death included nearly 2000 handsomely finished specimens. Mr. Howson was twice married. His first wife died before he came to America, and his second wife, a daughter of Captain Daniel Braw- ton, of Philadelphia, survived him but a year. The firm as at present consists of Charles and Henry Howson, sons of the founder, and Herbert Howson, a nephew. Benjamin Fr BENJAMIN FRANKLIN Benjamin Franklin is the principal of the well known Franklin Detective Agency. He is one of the oldest an J most honored citi- zens of Philadelphia, and as he is the bearer of a historic and re- vered name in American history, so he has kept it untarnished, ami by his strong personality and unswerving integrity has doubly inter- woven the name of Benjamin Franklin into the history of the coun- try, and more especially in the records of the city of Philadelphia. The Benjamin Franklin who is the subject of this sketch was born at Tamaqua, Schuylkill County, in 1S30, and he was educated for a civil engineer at Pottsville. He came to Philadelphia in 184S and so identified himself with the officials of the city that in 1S54, when the city was consolidated and Robert T. Conrad was elected the first Mayor under the new charter, young Benjamin Franklin was ap- pointed as High Constable, which was then the highest office in the gift of the Mayor. Before that time the police department had been governed by the Marshal of Police, but after the consolidation the High Constable held supreme power. Mr. Franklin was re-ap- pointed by Mayor Henry in 1858. He was subsequently made Chief of the Detective Service, and occupied that position during the term of office of Mayor Morton McMichael. In 1865 young Franklin was ac- tive in raising soldiers for Han- cock's Corps and he collected the last draft that was made from Philadelphia. Mr. Frank- lin continued his official duties until :8~o, when he started upon a new and successful career as a private detective. During his long term of office, Mr. Franklin was con- nected and engaged actively in the following celebrated cases : The investigation of the Molly Maguires in Schuylkill Coun- ty, which lasted four years and which was under the sole charge of Mr. Franklin. The notorious Whitaker will case, which was considered the greatest conspiracy ever un- earthed after the Molly Ma- guire affair, and which resulted in the imprisonment of Lawyer Dickinson for ten years. John C. Bullitt was the counsel for the legitimate heirs. The ar- rest of Anton}' Probst for the murder of the Deering family ; the case of Gottlieb Williams, who murdered Mr. Miller, on Buttonwood, above Ninth street; also the murder case of Aunt Polly Watts, in German- town, by a man named Berger. The Franklin Detective Agency, under such experi- enced guidance, prospered from the start, and in 1887 the business was located in its present well-known quarters, at the southeast cor- ner of Broail and Chestnut streets. Mr. Franklin has been agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad for over twenty years, and in 1S87 he was appointed special agent for the Vanderbilt system of lines all over the country, and a number of important lines in the New England States. The business has developed to such an extent that $ 200,000 a year is turned over, and the agency does not operate for reward, but merely charges a moderate daily fee. From thirty to forty detectives are continually employed ; and the New York offices are at 280 Broadway, with branches all over the United States and Canada. Of this important and prosperous organization Benjamin Franklin is the head and front, and he has passed through his long ami useful career without a reflection on his character or a blemish on his reputation. On the contrary, he is one of the Quaker City's most honored and trusted citizens. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADEU'HfANS. THE BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY. Philadelphia may be called the home of the telephone. It was at the Centennial Exposition, held in this city in C876, that Prof. Alexander Graham Hell exhibited the first completed instrument and transmitted over wires the words, "To be, or not to be," which were distinctly heard by the then Emperor of Brazil, Dom Pedro, 1 ieneral Grant and others. It was at the Franklin Institute, in this The Bell Telephone Company Building city, that a gentleman now prominently connected with telephone management explained to eager crowds the philosophy of the in- vention, and predicted the manifold uses to which it was adapted in the home, office, counting house and manufactory ; and here in Philadelphia the Bell Telephone Company was organized in 1S79, including among its executive officers some of the ablest pioneers in the study of electric science, whose foresight anticipated results which to the more conservative seemed chimerical, and whose en- terprise made provision for utilizing every discovery that might be made. Starting with the line system, involving the use of hundreds of wires, where one suffices now with the metallic circuit, and with the primitive hand telephone, which seems a toy when compared with the perfected instrument now in use, every advance in the science, many of which were made by its own officers, has been speedily adapted to the use of its 6000 subscribers, who now enjoy every possible advantage, almost contemporary with its dis- covery. Appreciating the great advantage to be gained thereby, this company has erected what is believed to be the only large building in the world entirely devoted to telephone purposes, com- plete in every detail of construction and arrangement to meet every requirement of the present, and all the possibilities of the future for many years to come. This building, an engraving of which is published in this connection, has just been erected on the site of what are Nos. 406 and 40S Market street, and is a model of completeness and architectural skill in adapting it to the purposes intended. It is four stories in height, each of which is twenty feet in the clear from floor to ceiling. The basement is furnished with engines aud machinery of the most approved designs for heating and elevating purposes, and the ventilation of the building is the nearest approach to perfection yet attained. The temperature is kept at a fixed point by means of electrical apparatus in the base- ment, which automatically admits cold air when the thermometer registers above the point desired, aud when the temperature is thus lowered to the required point the apparatus shuts off the draft in the same manner. Into this part of the building the underground cables, 250 in all, are admitted, each containing 1 10 wires, which after passing through the floor above are separated, aud passed through "protec- tors," an ingenious device for protection against dangerous electric currents. These protectors give warning, by ringing a bell in the office, of the coutact of any wire with electric light or other wires, or of interference from light or other wires, or of other cause with the proper working of any line, a lever dropping into a numbered plate designating the number of the wire. The ringing is contin- ued until the lever is replaced, thus enabling the linemen to remove the obstruction immediately. On the ground floors the wires are so arranged on a "cross-board" as to be grouped in respect to the locality, the "board" enabling this to be done without interference, and the groups there formed are again returned to tubes, each cable containing 204 wires, aud passing through to the first floor. The second and third floors are devoted to the executive depart- ments. On the fourth floor is placed the switchboard for the oper- ators, the most wonderful of all of the many wonderful appliances for securing prompt and efficient service. The cables pass between the double floors on this story to points underneath the switch- board, and the wires are again separated, each being carried through a numbered square on a metal plate imbedded in vulcanized rubber, so as to secure perfect insulation. On the "board," which is eighty- feet long, are thus arranged 20,000 wires, or 10,000 circuits, to enable each one of the eighty or ninety operators to make any desired connection instantly; and in the seemingly complex woven web on this board there are over 2,500 miles of wire. This board is known as the Taw Switchboard, and is the most perfect one ever constructed. Thus, where under the former system of private lines subscrib- ers were obliged to have an expert at each end of the line, the oper- ations of the telephone have been brought within the management of a child, and such a degree of perfection has been attained, that the printing by telegraph, such as was in use in brokers' offices, has been superseded by the effectual and swift transmission of real sounds. The telephone system in Philadelphia is connected with the office of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, through which connection may be had by direct metallic circuit with the principal cities and towns of New- York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Xew Jersey and the District of Columbia, in call for "long distance." The officers of the company are as follows: President, James Merrihew ; Vice-President, William B. Gill ; General Manager, Dr. Samuel M. Plush. 63 Born in Liverpool. England, January 31, 1734 Signer of the Declaration of Independence Financier of the Revolution First U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania Died May 7, 1806 PHILADELPHIA AXD POPULAR PHILADELPHIA'S. BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. <*- - rx ANKINI x is alwi * ,;.,,-, 1 . S-V A ANKING is a business which when properly conducted vays successful, but to attain this end a strict and rigid adherence to its fundamental principles must be observed. It is a science of the most intricate, yet «.H ^^"" simple kind, and the banker must be a man of more than •^£=r ordinary scope to meet its requirements. There must needs be a total abnegation of self, a complete suppression of all sentiment that would tempt one to help one's friend merely because he is a friend. As well there are. needed the cool and assured judgment to discriminate without prejudice ; the patient attention and the power to weigh facts without regard to wrong surrounding conditions ; the clear insight into affairs which sets aside k. ~" < ' ^*-^ the veneer and enables an intelligent appreciation of results instead of theory, or of events rather than causes. And with these in the first place, the banker must possess the ability to refuse without offense or prejudice, and the calculating power which is cautious chiefly because enthusiasm is well governed. Never too doubtful, nor too hopeful ; bold and confident in times of crisis ; timid when all others are courageous. Credit and its development must be the prime objects ; speculation discouraged and legitimate enterprise aided. At the same time that conservatism involving a general disbelief must be tempered with the liberality insuring progress. Armed with these prerequisites in the individual or the individuals to whose control the conduct of the institution is to be left, the door to success is open and waits to be entered. In Philadelphia among the \ , banking institutions these points are appreciated to their fullest extent and are made prominent. But even \k It then it is not entirely on them that the strong position of our financial concerns rests : There is as well an \C- Jix-<\ induction of faith among the community in general, due to a careful selection of officials, whose names are as \V granite, whose reputations are unblemished, whose records are unstained. With such sponsors the banking \ ^ interests of Philadelphia have flourished, and their solidity is unexcelled by that of an}- other city in the United \\ States. In the matter of history they stand as co-ordinate with the Republic itself. It was here that the thirteen struggling colonies found the financial talent which supplied them with the credit and the money needed to make the new nation a sturdy stripling. Here that with the country's growth from year to year the financial importance kept pace with the general improvement and promoted the general welfare. It was to Philadelphia that all new enterprises looked for encouragement and practical assistance, and its coffers were always ready and willing in response. And nearly thirty years ago when the United States was in its darkest hours of finance and necessity demanded that reconstruction of the banking system which produced the national banks, it was to this city that the first of the new charters was issued. That step assured the complete success of Chase's plan, for where a Philadelphia institution led the way, that way was safe. Nor was this all. It was only a further step to assure the turn of the then financial crisis in a land hardly yet recovered from the panic of 1S57, that the government should find in Philadelphia the financial enterprise and the financial talent to furnish it the funds so absolutely needed, through the prompt and heavy purchases of bonds which when Philadelphia took them were no longer discredited. New York has laid claim to having been the first to come forward at that critical period and to have saved the government then, but no fair-minded man will venture to cavil the fact that it was Philadelphia and a Philadelphia banker to whom the real credit is due. While there was the doubt, the terrible uncertainty, the maximum of chance of loss, this city saved the day by quiet and effective work. Afterwards when that work had had effect others joined in, and no matter how much argument may be wasted on the subject, or how much talk indulged in as to it, the fact remains that at the proper time the Philadelphia financiers were awake and doing, while others slumbered and despaired. And so down to the present day the high position of the banking interests of Philadelphia has always been maintained. There have been times of trouble and cloud, but the dangers have been averted and the storms ridden out safely. The spirit of competition, always friendly, turns to give place to a strong brotherhood in periods of need, when, banded firmly together as a single interest, the energy and ability predominate over the caution which even then never recedes entirely, and the community rests assured in the belief that in its banks and bankers and banking institutions, Philadelphia has something to be justly proud of. The proportionate amount of capital invested in banking in this city is unusually great, and divided as it is among a large number of subscribers it is fair to assume that we are quite as much of a financial as a manufacturing people. And these are all legitimate enterprises ; any speculative or uncertain blot is quickly detected and promptly eradicated ; and it is only by a close adherence to the correct rules of the profession that banking in Philadelphia has reached its present height and firm position. The following statement of the condition of the National Banks, Trust Companies and Savings Banks for the years 1880 and 1890, is compiled from the returns for these years, as far as made : NATIONAI Banks Date Banks Capital Surplus I II p. l.lt. ■ Sqo 1880 45 29 $23,8oS,ooo 17,588,000 $12,982,858 8,362.300 $91 ,999,000 52,606,550 Increase 16 $6,550,000 $4,620,558 i (9, 592,250 State Banks and Trist Companies j25,i9V Surplus Deposits Savings Banks Beneficial Savings Society Fund . Philadelphia " Western " " Savings Society Kund, Germantown $ 4.568,000 31,260,000 2,297,000 $45,46o,c $ 631,0. 2,532.01 Total Capital . Total Deposits returned . . $178,820,000 65 Deposits estimated about . . $190,000,000 Philadelphia and popular philadelphianS. BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. BANK OF NORTH AMERICA The reader of the history of the financial institutions of Phila- delphia, will find many interesting reminiscences and associations clustering around the Bank of North America, which impart to it a degree of importance among the banking houses of the city, by whose able management and guiding power, the great industries of the city have been fostered and promoted. Tliere are many reasons why the Bank of North America car- ries about itself an air of importance. Its age is one point. It is coeval with the Republic itself. It is the first banking institution founded in the United States. Organized during the throes of the Revolution, when "public credit had gone to wreck," the bank afforded an assistance to the Govern- ment without which the "business of the Department of Finance could not have been performed." On May 17, 17N1 , Robert Morris, assisted by Alexander Hamilton and Governeur Morris, presented to Congress his plan for the establish- ment of the Bank of North America. By resolution of Congress, May 26, 1 781, the subscribers were incorpor- ated under the name of " The Presi- dent, Directors and Company of the Bank of North America." The original capital was to be f |00,oooin shares of $400 each ; subscriptions came in at first so slowly that great uneasiness was felt as to the success of the Bank. It was not until the fall of 1 781, that the subscriptions presented a respectable appearance, and the stockholders resolved upon organization. For this purpose they met at the City Tavern, November I, 1781, and selected the following Board of Directors : Thomas Will- ing, James Wilson, Cadwalader Mor- ris, Samuel Meredith, Thomas Fitz- simmons, Henry Hill, Andrew Cald- well, William Bingham, John Max- well Nesbit, Samuel Osgood, Samuel Ingles and Timothy Matlack. Thomas Willing was elected President, and Tench Francis, Cash- ier. The final Act of Incorporation was passed by Congress, December 31, 1781, and operations commenced January 7, 1782, in the store of the Cashier, Tench Francis, on the north side of Chestnut street, west of Third. It was not until the fall of 17S2 that the Bank succeeded in estab- lishing itself in the confidence of the community. Money was scarce — subscriptions were not paid as agreed and the circulating notes of the Bank were returned very speedily for redemption. By November, how- ever, the public had experienced the good effect of the Bank upon busi- ness of all kinds, confidence came and the Bank secured the recog- nition of several of the States. March 26, 1782, the Bank obtained a Charter from the State of Pennsylvania in order to free it from the doubts as to the validity of the charter granted by Congress. In the year following, the transactions of the Bank with the Government became very large. It advanced money to the Government, State and the City — "The instances of its services were innumerable." June 13, 1784, the capital was increased to $830,000 in shares of $400. March 25, 17S5, under great pressure, owing to the scarcity of money, the curtailment of accommodations, owing to the general prostration of business caused by war, a bill was reported in the Legislature of the State annulling the Charter, which became a law September 13. Deprived of its State Charter, the Bank turned to Congress for relief — obtaining none, it sought and obtained a Char- ter from the State of Delaware. In 1787 an effort was again made to obtain a State Charter, which was granted though accompanied with very unsatisfactory restrictions. From this time on the busi- ness of the Bank increased rapidly and dividends were declared at twelve per cent. President Willing resigned January g, 1792, and John Nixon was elected President. March 20, 1799, the Legislature extended the! Charter for a period of fourteen years from 1801. During the war of 18 1 2, the Government again received great assistance from the Bank. March 14, 1814, the Legislature renewed the Bank Charter for ten years, keeping the old and adding new re- strictions — capital restricted to $1,000,000. March 21, 1825, the Charter was again renewed and the title changed to "The Bank of North America." In the panic of 1S37, the Philadelphia banks sus- pended specie payment, and in 1842, the assets of the Bank had become so much depreciated that application was made to the Leg- islature for a reduction of capital, which was reduced March 24, 1S43, to 1750,000, and the par value of shares to $300. The Charter was renewed April S, 1S46, and the par value of shares made $ 100. March II, 184s, the Bank removed to its new building, now occupied, on Chestnut street west of Third. April 26, 1S55, the Charter was renewed for twenty years. September 26, 1S57, during the panic of that year, the Bank suspended. Resumption of specie payments after 1857 was gradual and steady progress, until the alarming condition produced by approaching war, caused in 1861 a general suspension of specie pay- ments which were not resumed until 1879. It was made a National Bank in December, 1864, and to-day is the oldest Bank in the State, and one of the strongest financial institutions of the country. Its capital is f 1,000,000. Surplus and undivided profits January 1, 1891,11,573,871.80. The solidity 'of the Bank of North America is assured by a glance at the names of its officers and ad- visers, all men of tried experience and undoubted financial ability, caution and integrity. Jno. H. Michener, president; Charles S. Lewis, Israel Morris. Win. G. Audenried, Lemuel Coffin, Geo. W. Fiss, Clement A. Griscom, Wni. Simpson, Jr., Theo. C. Search, Rich- ard H. Downing, Samuel B. Brown, Wm. 1). Winsor, directors; John H. Watt, cashier; Jas. C. Pinkertou, assistant cashier. Its correspondents are the Bank of New York ; Atlantic National, Boston; Merchants' National, Balti- more ; National Bank of Illinois, Chicago. By the report, July 9, 1891, the Bank's condition is as follows, viz : nk of North America LIABILITIES. Capital Stock . Surplus Undivided Profits Dividends Unpaid Circulation Due to Banks and Bankers Individual Deposits . RESOURCES. Loans and Discounts United States Bonds Banking House Cash . Due from Banks and Banker Treasurer United States $1,000,000.00 1,200,000 00 298,254-15 43,024.00 45.000.00 92 1. 690. 2S 5,261,437.21 $8,769,405.64 $3,809,308.30 50,000.00 65,000.00 2,187,541.43 655'3°8.9i 2,250.00 $8,769,405.64 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. FIRST NATIONAL BANK The First National Bank is one of Philadelphia's most solid and substantial institutions. It is as firm in its financial position as the massive building in which it carries on its business, and it is proud of the honor of being the first National Bank ever chartered in the United States under the National Banking Laws of 1863. The First National was incorporated on January 10. 1863, and was chartered at the same time, as No. I, of all the National Banks of mttttf***!* H i mi i tM ■» »*.„„„„„ First National Bank the United States. A meeting of prominent merchants had been previously called at the residence of O. W. Davis, No. 1208 Walnut street, and then the necessity of a new bank was discussed and the preliminaries formulated. Among the originators of the Bank then present were Jos. F. Tobias, Clarence H. Clark, Stephen Caldwell, Winfield Scott Russell, Jas. A. Wright and Morton McMichael, Jr. The first offices of the Bank were at the S. E. cor. Third and Chest- nut streets. The capital stock was 1250,000 divided into 2500 shares at $100 each. Managed as it was by men of integrity anil sound business character, the Bank prospered from the start, and a fine con- servative and lasting business was gradually but surely built up. In a year the capital stock was increased to $500,000, the shares be- ing rapidly bought up, and two years' subsequently the capital was again increased to Ji, 000,000. After three years' prosperity at the corner of Third and Chestnut streets more spacious and convenient offices were needed by the management. A splendid site was ac- cordingly purchased at Nos. 313-15-X7 Chestnut street, and there the present substantial building was erected by John Rice. It is a plain and massive structure of gray granite with heavy columns and imposing entrance. It fronts on Chestnut street 58;^ feet and has a depth of 150 feet. The main offices of the Bank are sixty feet high and are as business-like in their solidity as they are im- posing from their simplicity. The business of the Bank is carried on under the most con- servative principles. The first president was Oliver W. Davis, whose term of office, how- ever, was less than a year, then Clarence H. Clark was called to the helm and no change took place again until 1S73, when the present popular president, George I'hiller, was called to the office, and he has success- fully and faithfully steered the financial ship ever since. No bank in Philadelphia has changed its officers less than the First Na- tional. With the exception of the president and a few changes in the directors, all the original officers are still at work. Morton McMichael, Jr., the cashier, was the first officer appointed, and he has proved one of the strongest pillars of the corporation, from his sure business instinct and sound common sense. Mr. McMichael was born in 1836, and he has been prominent in financial circles all his life. He is president of the American Bankers Association. The other executive officers are : Assistant cashier, Ken- ton Warne ; directors, George Philler, James A. Wright, H. C. Gibson, John F. Betz and J. Tatnall Lea, Amos L. Little and J. W. M. Cardeza. The discount days are Tuesdays and Fridays. The First National Bank is a sterling monument to the advantage of sound busiuess management allied to honor and integrity, and its present reputation, after a quarter of a century's good work, is so solid 011 its foundation that it will last as long as the good city of Philadelphia exists, and that means forever. The volume of business has steadily increased until it has a clientele second to no other institution of its kind in the city. Its resources have mounted up until they aggregate nearly nine millions and its surplus fund is half a million. The following is a report of the condi- tion of the First National Bank at the close of business on May 4, 1891 : RESOURCES. Loans, Discounts and Investments . Due from Banks .... Cash and Reserve .... LIABILITIES. Capital Stock Surplus and Profits Deposits Circulation 56,159,927.29 679.950. 1 7 3.434,774-94 $10,274,652.40 $1 ,000,000.00 7 6 °. 775-59 8,468,876.81 45,coo.oo 510,274,652.40 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA NS. BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. THE PHILADELPHIA NATIONAL BANK The history of this bank carries the reader back to the early days of the republic, when after the Revolution, commerce, in- dustry and finance had found their way back to natural channels, from which they had been diverted by the long war, and had begun to participate in the advantages of peace. Specie had begun to re- turn to the country, but the amount available for banking capital was very limited and operations were conducted on the basis of paper money which yielded large profits and the practice grew in the State Legislature of demand- ing large bonus for charters to banking companies. Under these circumstances, the Philadelphia Bank was formed in 1S03 with a capital of $1,000,000, and incorporated in 1.S04, upon conditions of paying $135,000 cash, permitting the Governor to subscribe for 3000 shares and to pay therefor $300,000, in six per cent, stock of the United States, which was at that time ten per cent, below par ; to loan the State when required, the sum of $100,000, at five per cent, for ten years and the privilege of subscribing $200,000 at the end of four years, and at the end of eight years to subscribe another $200,000, on the part of the State, both sums to be at par. The enormous bonus paid by the bank, and other priv- ileges granted to the State, were necessary in con- sequence of the violent opposition to the institu- tion which was manifested by the Bank of Penn- sylvania (which was incorporated in 1793 for twenty years, with a capital of $2,000,000), and the offer 011 the part of that bank to pay $200,000 to the State, provided no new bank should be incorpor- ated. Under these strange conditions the Phila- delphia Bank began operations. The bank was at first located 011 the southwest corner of Fourth and Chestnut streets, now occupied by the Wood building. The bank was a rough cast, queer-looking Gothic building, with a great, wide and high arch of entrance on Fourth street. It oc- cupied the southern half of the lot. The northern half was vacant ground, inclosed with a wall and railing on Fourth and on Chestnut streets. The building was removed in 1836, to give place to a marble structure which was occupied by the Phila- delphia Bank until its removal to the granite build- ing nearly opposite. The first president of the bank was George Clvmer, the first cashier, James Todd. With one exception it is the oldest bank in the city and in its history can lie traced the course of financial fluctuations which have shaken the foun- dations and wrecked many solid institutions among its cotemporaries : during the suspension of specie payments in 1814; through the decade of 1S20 to 1830 which was one of bankruptcy and fraud on the part of " Freebooter Banks ;" during the panic of 1837 and the suspension of specie payments following; the suspension of specie payments again in 1S57, fol- lowed closely by a general suspension caused by the civil war from 1S61 to 1879. In 1864 it was made a National Bank. The present capital is $1,500,000. Surplus and undivided profits $1,117,802.33. Total re- sources $9,261,220.08. The Officers and Directors are : Benjamin B. Comegys, Presi- dent ; Edward S. Clarke, gentleman; Augustus Heaton, gentle- man ; J. Livingston Erringer, President of The Philadelphia Trust, Safe Deposit and Insurance Company ; N. Parker Shortridge, gent- leman ; Edward Y. Townsend, President of The Cambria Iron Com- pany ; Richard Ashhurst, William Wharton, Jr., & Company, Inc., Railroad Supplies ; Charles C. Harrison, The Franklin Sugar Re- filling Company ; Alfred M. Collins, A. M. Collins Manufacturing Company, Card Board ; Eugene Delano, Brown Brothers & Com- pany, Bankers ; Lincoln Godfrey, William Simpson, Sons & Com- pany, Dry Goods ; John H. Converse, Burnhani, Williams S: Com- pauv, Baldwin Locomotive Works ; George Wood, R. I). Wood & Sous, Dry Goods. James W. Torrey, Cashier. Philadelphia Nation Loans and discounts . Banking house and lot Due from banks Cash and reserve Capital stock . Surplus and profits Circulation Deposits RESOURCES. LIABILITIES. $5,852,060.44 250,000.00 429,216.72 2,729,942.92 $9,261,220.08 $1,500,000.00 1,117,802.33 43, .840.00 6,599.577-75 $9,261,220.08 68 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. CONSOLIDATION NATIONAL BANK This old anil substantial institution which for thirty-six years has been one of the representative monetary concerns of the city, was organized in 1855, as a State Hank, by Act of Legislature with a capital of #300,000, and through all the great financial criscsof the intervening eventful periods it has passed with credit unimpaired. The business was at first conducted in the historic building ^=^ cccccvcccfccrccrrccrfccrfrfrcr ^ ^ ,.-...... Consolidation National Bank known as "Old Commissioners' Hall, "on Third street below Green, and in 1857 the corporation erected their substantial and imposing building on Third street above Vine street, which they have since occupied without interruption. This building as to its exterior is handsome in design and is of brown stone, and the internal arrange- ments and appointments are admirably adapted to banking pur- poses. The first president was James V. Watson, the present executive head of the institution, who has filled the responsible position with that prudence and ability which stamps him a financier of judg- ment and exceptional worth. The first cashier was Joseph N. Pier- sol, a man of decided financial ability, who discharged the duties of his responsible office until he was elected City Treasurer in 1S67. He was succeeded by William H. Webb who occupied the po- sition until his death in 1.S90, when his brother, Edwin H. Webb, the present able cashier, was elected to fill his place, The Rank was incorporated under the National banking laws as the Consolidation National Bank, in 1863, from wliich lime for- ward it has taken prominent place among the National Banks of the Union. The Bank is provided with all the modern devices for security of moneys and other valuables, and with every facility for expediting business and for conve- nience and comfort of depositors, etc. The management of affairs from the beginning has been characterized by the most watchful care and prudence which insures success, and from its inception the stockholders have realized twelve per cent, per annum on their invest- ments in the bank stock, except for the year when the new bank building was erected, for which purpose the dividends were absorbed. That the management of affairs has been masterful, is evinced from the fact that the surplus and undivided profits now largely exceed the capital, the latter amounting to #300,000, and the former aggregating over #350,000, a showing which re- flects the greatest credit on the officers and' official board, past and present, and maintains the confidence of depositors and correspondents in this solid representa- tive Bank. The deposits average from #900,000 to #1,100.000, and the loans and discounts aggregate #1,200,000, and it goes without saying that the Bank has been a potent factor in the building up of the trade and industry of Philadelphia, which has made her the commercial metropolis of the country. Mr. James V. Watson, the president of this time- honored institution, is one of Philadelphia's most valued citizens, filling many important positions of trust and honor. He is the oldest active bank president in the city. He is the Nestor in financial circles of the city, and in all movements for the general good he has been prominent. He is a director of Swarthmore College, director of the Western Savings Bank, president of the Philadelphia Clearing House, and is largely interested in the House of Refuge, of whose Board of Officers he is the vice-president. The vice-president of the Bank is Mr. Edward H. Ogden, a gentleman held in high esteem by his friends and the customers of the Bank. The Board of Directors is composed of the following gentlemen; James V. Watson, president; Edward H. Ogden, vice president ; Robert Shoemaker, George Watson, John S. Stevens, S. Robinson Coale, John H. Bringhurst, Benjamin H. Shoemaker, Adam H. Warth- man, Joseph C. Hauce, Joseph B. Vanduseu, William I.. Elkins, and Samuel Pox, directors. RESOURCES, and His United States Ilonds Due from Hanks and Uankers Cash and reserve . Real Estate . Treasurer United States Capital Stock Surplus Undivided Profits Dividends Unpaid Circulation Due to Iianks and Banker Deposits Report July 9, 1S91. LIABILITIES. $1,094,480.65 118,91 2.25"-Q° $I,808,77I-34 $ 300,000.00 325,000.00 31,497.00 1,76580 45.000.00 977.91534 . : i>\7;i 34 6y PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PH1LADELPHIANS. BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. Girard National Bank Perhaps one of the most interesting financial institutions and cmc more immediately connected with the history of the City of Philadelphia, is the Girard National Bank, on Third street below Chestnut. Standing as it does in the centre of the business section of one of the greatest commercial cities in the world, the stately white marble building, with its massive fluted Doric columns and imposing array of steps, rears itself proudly as a lasting monument of commercial nobility and integrity, and as a noble memory of the Quaker City's greatest benefactor, Stephen Girard. The construction of the building was begun in 1795, and fin- ished in 1798, and was the first building in the country having a marble front. The Bank was originally established by Act of Congress in 1791, as the first Bank of the United States, and it had a prosperous existence until 181 1, when the charter having expired and the busi- ness having been successfully closed up, the building was purchased by Stephen Girard, who started in the banking business after his successful career as a merchant, and accumulated the great fortune with which he has done so much good for the city and its poorer inhabitants. Stephen Girard's Bank became the centre of financial transactions and business prosperity. The Bank was very successfully managed until December, 1831, when Mr. Girard ended his long and useful life. Then a directorate of financiers determined to continue the Bank, which was the soundest in the city, and to perpetuate the memory of the great merchant and philanthropist. Accordingly a charter was applied for, and in April, 1832, the Girard Bank was incorpor- ated, with James Schott as first President, and William D. Lewis as first Cashier. The original capital was #1,500,000, which was con- sidered a very large sum in those days, but then the business was exceptional. After the disaster of 1857, the capital was reduced to Si, 000, 000. By the incoming and present administration the Bank became a National Bank in 1864, since which time it has paid a dividend of twelve per cent, and more than doubled its capital, and under the presidency of President D. B. Cummins, it now stands in the foremost rank of the National Banks of the United States. The present Board of Directors and Executive Officers are as follows: President, D. B. Cummins ; Vice President, Seth Caldwell, Jr.; Cashier, J. G. Whitemau ; Assistant Cashier, John Reeves ; Di- rectors, D. B. Cummins, Seth Caldwell, Jr., Francis B. Reeves, John H. Catherwood, William Gillespie, Thomas G. Hood, Harry E- West, Malcolm Floyd, George H. McFadden, Daniel Baugh, George E. Bartol, W. Beaumont Whitney, and Harry A. Berwind. Discount days are Tuesdays and Fridays. The par value of the stock is %\o. Nearly every one of Philadelphia's noted financiers and commercial men, have at various times been connected with the Girard National Bank. It has never been moved by monetary cyclones or dullness of business, but it has passed along the corridors of time calmly, peacefully and substantially. It is as solid commercially as it is massive architecturally, and it is an institution to which all good citizens can point with pride and reverence. The capital stock paid in is $1,000,000. The surplus and un- divided profits, July 9, 1891, 11,315,109.82. Philadelphia and PoPVlaP Philadelphia ns. BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. MECHANICS' NATIONAL BANK This is one of the oldest banks in the city, and sonic account of its earlier history may not prove uninteresting reading. It was started as a banking association in 1804, and did a small busi- ness up to 1S09, when an effort was made to obtain acharterasa State bank. In those days this was not so easy a matter, and the charter was not obtained until 1ST4, and the State exacted a liberal bonus for the privilege. For the obtaining of this charter and two subsequent renewals no less than $250,000 was paid the State as - mmmmmmRm Mechanics' National Bank bonus and purchasing exemption from State taxes. The payment for the last renewal exempted it for eight years longer, but when the conversion, in 1S64, into a National bank took place, then the State authorities claimed State taxes, on the ground that the con- version into a National banking association cancelled the State's exemption. The taxes were paid under protest, as it was claimed by the bank that the taxation was very unjust and duplicated. The original capital was #200,000, which was increased in 183 1 to $440,- 000, in 1833 to $700,000, in 1835 to $1,034,740, in iS36to $1,042,000, and in 1839 to $1,325,000. It was reduced in 1850 to the present capital, $800,000. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company opened its first bank account in this bank. Among its many correspondents in its earliest infancy were the Farmers' and Planters' Bank, of Baltimore, the Farmers' Bank, of Lancaster, the Bank of Wilming- ton and Brandywine, of Wilmington, Del., the State Hank, of Cam- den, and the Montgomery County Hank, of Norristown, ami all of these have continued in uninterrupted correspondence ever since and to this day. During its existence as a State bank, from 1814 to 1864, it paid its stockholders in dividends the large sum of $3,298,- 448, having paid various semi-annual dividends of from one cent per share in 1842 to twenty-five cents per share in 1820 and [821, to the maximum dividend of 20 per cent, in 1839, and during this time it only passed four dividend periods, to wit: twice in 1819 once in 1820, and once in 1821. In 1N64 it was among _ the first to adopt the National banking system. Since 41 that time it has paid uninterrupted dividends to its A stockholders, aggregating $1,988, 000, making a grand / total of dividends paid its stockholders since its organ- / ization of $5,286,448, a record of which any mstitu- / tion may well be proud. During the darkest days of the Civil War this bank was one of the patriotic band which furnished " the sinews of war," and loaned the Federal Government (July and August, 1S61), $745,000, within $55,000 of its entire capital. The original idea of the founders of the banklwas to encourage mechanics to deposit their savings, and the list of stockholders was naturally very large, as it is at the present day, there being many small holders of its stock, repre- senting the early savings of its patrons. Very many of the shares have been held and transmitted from generation to generation, so that at the present day there are nearly 700 stockholders. The location of the bank has always been in the immediate vicinity of the imposing edifice now occupied by it, which was built in 1837, and of which a good copy is presented on this page. It is located on the west side of South Third street, midway between Chestnut and Market streets. To attain such results as shown by the dividends, pre- supposes an intelligent and conservative management, which it has always enjoyed, and at no time to a greater degree than at the present. Its present officers and Board of Directors are composed of some of the ablest and most successful business men of Philadelphia, and most of its patrons and depositors are the active and prominent mer- chants, mechanics, manufacturers and traders of the citv. The President, John Rommel, Jr., has been connected with the bank nearl}- a score of years. He was first a director, but in 1S73 was elected Vice- President and Cashier, which offices he held until 1SS0, when he was unanimously chosen President, a position his intelligence and conservativeness admirably adapt him to. The Vice-President is Daniel Donovan, while the cashicrship is vested in William I'nderdown. The Board of Directors is composed of the following well- known gentlemen: John Rommel, Jr., Daniel Dono- van, John Field, Postmaster of Philadelphia, Morris Newburger, Thomas Roberts, Seth B. Stitt, Henry Z. Ziegler, Rudolph Blank- enburg, Arnold Kohn, James Conaway. RESOURCES. Loans and Discounts $1,880,577.83 United States Bonds to secure Circulation .... Due from Banks and Bankers ...... Real Estate and Fixtures ...... Specie Legal Tender Notes, Bonds, other Cash Items and Reserve 132.933.63 446,564.20 United States Treasury Dividends unpaid Due Banks and Banker: Deposits LIABILITIES, ided Profits . $2,646,385.94 203,995-82 1,299,518.22 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. CORN EXCHANGE NATIONAL BANK The Corn Exchange National Bank is well situated at the northeast corner of Second and Chestnut streets. It is in the center of the grain, provision, grocer}- and wool trade, and commands the business of a large number of the leading houses identified with those lines of business. The Bank is one of Philadelphia's most successful financial institutions. Its business is steadily on the increase and its resources and surplus are constantly enlarging. The Board of Directors is made up chiefly of prominent men connected with the differ- ent Commercial Exchanges and actively engaged in the asso- ciated branches of trade represented in that body. Many of the most important houses engaged in the cotton and woolen interests are also among its depositors. The Corn Exchange Bank was incorporated as a State Bank in October, 1858, and was organized as a National Bank in 1864. The first president was Alex. G. Cattell, then a U. S. Senator, and dividends have been paid from the first with com- mendable regularity and punctuality, and from the first have never been omitted. The amount paid in dividends since the incorporation is $1,262,000. They are paid semi-annually, in May and November. The resources of the Bank now aggregate $3,500,000, and it has a surplus fund and undivided profits amounting to over $350,000. The deposits in the Bank, subject to check at sight, maintain an average of over $2,600,000. When full consideration is given to the exten- sive competition that has sprung up in the last few years in banking circles, it must be recognized that some of the older institutions have had to display an unusual and unremitting energy to keep up with the financial progress. With a sur- plus fund equal to one-half of the capital stock of the Bank and a steadily enlarging general business, the Corn Exchange is certainly entitled to be considered one of the strongest and best managed of the local banks. The Corn Exchange has not only kept abreast of the times in the face of the most vigorous competitive endeavor, but by very able manage- ment has greatly increased its importance, added to its finan- cial strength, and enlarged its business generally. This most satisfactory consummation of a commercial career of over thirty years has been largely brought about by the energy and application of the officers and directors, who have every reason to feel highly gratified at the result of their labors. The Bank has been most fortunate in having the benefit of the advice of such men, whose busi- ness training has been both extensive and successful. Mr. J. Wesley Supplee, the present president, has for many years occupied a conspicuous position in the flour and grain trade, with which he has been prominently identified, and he possessed in an eminent degree the executive capacity necessary to contribute to the success of a leading financial institution. The vice-president is H. Wilson Catherwood, also well esteemed in general business circles, and the Board of Directors is composed of the following well known merchants : J. Wesley Supplee, H. Wilson Catherwood, John H. Graham, Benjamin Githens, James McCandless, Solomon Smucker, John Hay, Richard H. Chapman, Albert E. Bailey, George W. Hill, and William N. Moland. John B. Stewart is cashier, and W. D. Schetky, assistant cashier. It was one of the first Banks solicited as a United States depositor}', which has been continued to this time. The management has been characterized as one of the most conservative in the city of Philadelphia, and the devel- opment of the Bank's business has been as steady and rapid as proper caution and safe financiering will admit of. The Corn Exchange National Bank can thus be classed as one of Philadelphia's most solid and satisfactory corporations. In a city noted for its sound commercial institutions, this Bank stands well to the fore, and it is a striking monument of the advantage of the combination of sound business principles and strong commercial integrity. It has thus become the depository of the United States, the State, and the City, and a large number of prominent corporations, firms and individuals, and flows along steadily and securely on the flood tide of commercial prosperity and business success. In the great financial crises that at various times have shaken the business world to its foundations, the Corn Exchange National Bank has invariably stood as firm as a rock. It has weathered main- a storm and it remained a sound and worthy corporation, an honor and delight to its organizers and managers, and a safe depository for the wealth of prosperous merchants and all those whose business necessitates the keeping of a banking account. The latest report of the condition of the Bank shows it to be in a highly prosperous condition, with ever}- prospect of increased success and greater development. The following is a condensed report at the close of business on Jul}- 9, 1S91. RESOURCES. Loans and Discounts United States Bonds Banking House and other real estate Due from Banks Cash and Reserve LIABILITIES. Capital Surplus and profits Circulation Deposits $1,886,412.34 150,000.00 156, 966. S9 34i,37o.7i 962,799.79 $3,497,549-73 $ 500,000.00 325,242.90 45,000.00 2.497,306.73 $3,497,549-73 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. NATIONAL BANK OF THE REPUBLIC The attractive building of the National Bank of the Republic, 313 Chestnut street, commands attention by its unique architecture and prevailing red tone, presenting to the street a striking facade of English redstone, terra cotta and Philadelphia pressed brick, with steep roof of red slate, the half-arched doorway and round tower with its conical roof being prominent features. It was completed in December, 1SS4, and covers a lot of thirty feet front and one hun- dred and eighty feet in depth — with the exception of a small back area for light and ventilation. The conventional centre doorway being discarded, the entrance is at the side, through a large vestibule, to the right of which is a room for the use of those having business with the bank, in making up deposits, writing checks and counting money. The main banking room is twenty-nine feet wide, one hundred and twenty feet deep and thirty-four feet high, and is profusely lighted through sky and ceiling lights its entire length. The interior finish is of cherry, with exposed beams and corbels supporting ceiling ; the counters, desks and partitions are of mahogany and beveled plate glass ; the walls, where not of tile and richly carved Caen stone, are painted in warm colors, a rich dark red predominating, the effect of which is novel and pleasing ; the main floor throughout is covered with red and small black tiles laid upon brick arches. The main room is divided by the mahogany partitions into large and convenient apartments for officers, tellers and clerks, back of which is a commodious directors' room. The vaults are of massive granite work with the most approved steel lining, within which are steel safes. The bank owns and occupies the entire building, the interior of which is much larger than its exterior indicates, affording ample room in all the apartments and an unusually large space outside of the counters for customers and the public. It is heated by steam and from open stone fire-places, which form prominent features in the interior architecture, and is admirably ventilated and lighted and most convenient^* and comfortabh- arranged. The building has served as a model in the construction of a number of banking houses throughout the country. The National Bank of the Republic was organized Decem- ber 5, 1865, and began business Ma}- 22, 1866, at 809 and 811 Chestnut street, where the National Exchange Bank was merged into it in January, 1S70. It removed to the building of the Guarantee Trust and Safe Deposit Company in Decem- ber, 1874, and to its present location in December, 1SS4. Its policy has always dictated the selection of active business men for its directors, and some of Philadelphia's foremost merchants and manufacturers have been members of its board. Among the more prominent directors now deceased, were William B. Thomas, John Bower, William Ervien, Alfred Day, Edward B. Orne, Samuel A. Bispham, Frederick A. Hoyt, John Pearce, J. Barlow Moorhead, Charles L. Sharpless, John Welsh, Jr. , Nathan Brooke, Charles T. Parry, Charles S. Pancoast and John F. Smith. The present direc- tors are William H. Rhawn, president ; William Hacker, William B. Bement, James M. Earle, Howard Hinchman, Henry W. Sharpless, Edwin J. Howlett, Edward K. Bispham, Henry T. Mason, Charles J. Field, Edward H. Wilson, Wil- liam H. Scott, and Joseph P. Mumford, cashier. The president and cashier have been engaged in banking for more than a third of a centun-, having been associated in the Philadelphia Bank as early as 1857, and have been together in their present respective positions for over twenty-five years, the former having been first elected August 29th, and the latter September 1st, 1S66. Since then, under the conservative management of officers and directors and the faithful services of subordinates, the net earnings of the bank to May, 1S91, have amounted to $1,318,696, of which $967,500 have been divided to the stockholders and $351,196 remain as surplus and undivided profits, 73 National Bank of TnTVit PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. CHESTNUT STREET NATIONAL BANK The Chestnut Street National Bank is one of the youngest of Philadelphia's banking institutions, as it is also one of the most popular and promising. Its success was assured from the moment it came into existence, for the gentlemen composing its directory- were among the responsible business men in the city — gentlemen whose words were as good as their bonds — a group of able, progressive, intelligent financiers, in whom the public had the most implicit confidence, knowing their management would be safe, conservative and to the best interests of their depositors. But a glance at the list of original officers and di- rectors will be sufficient endorsement : Presi- dent, Hon. Robert E. Pattison (now Governor of Pennsylvania) ; Vice-President, William M. Singerly, proprietor of The Philadelphia Record; Cashier, William Steele ; Directors, Hon. Robert E. Pattison, William M. Singerly. Horace Geiger, Thomas Bradley, Isaac Cooper, M. W. Lipper, Benjamin P. Obdyke, John L. Lawson, Edward A. Greene, Benjamin A. Van Schaick, George J. Ziegler, Jr., John Simmons, James M. Jeitles, Mahlon Arttnan and James H. Windrim. The public, as we have stated, reposed the greatest confidence in the management ; nor has there ever been occasion to doubt that that confidence was not fully deserved, as the bank has successfully met and overcome every ob- stacle, and during the troubles in the fall of 1890, when the financial circles of this country were shaken, the "Chestnut Street" braved the storm and promptly met every call upon it, displaying a stability which did much towards allaying the feeling of uneasiness and doubt which then existed. To-day it ranks with the best in point of soundness, and in placing the first and last reports of the condition of the bank side by side, the showing discloses its condition and progress. The first report was issued August 1, 1887. By comparing that report with the one issued May 4, 1891, we find that the loans and dis- counts increased between the periods from $426,805.72 to $1,946,469.17 ; dealings increased with other banks from $86,742.50 to $199,699.70; cash on hand increased from $262,076.88 to $448,225.05 ; surplus fund and undivided profits increased from $6,484.17 to $158,890.65; indi- vidual deposits, subject to check, and demand certificates of deposit increased from $681,313.44 to $1,704,562.57. _ This is certainly a most wonderful showing, and we doubt if it has ever been surpassed, all things considered, by any banking house in the country. The more the figures are examined the more remarkable do they seem, especially when the fact is considered that the "Chestnut Street" is not yet four years old. It was originally established June 15, 1887, but was not incorporated until July 5th, of the same year. While its capital stock was $500,000, yet it began business on only $250,000, the balance not being paid until November 15, 1S87. Its first transac- tions were made in the basement of the old Mutual Life Insurance Building, at Tenth and Chestnut streets, and it continued there until June I, 1889, when it removed to its present magnificent quarters in the Singerly Building, on Chestnut street, below Eighth. It is a model of architectural beauty, and is unquestionably one of the finest buildings in this city, where handsome buildings are the rule instead of a raritv. The interior of the bank is gorgeous with its exquisite trimmings and fittings ; they must be seen to be appreciated and admired. A few changes only have been made in the management of the bank since its in- ception. President Pattison continued in charge until he was called to preside over the destinies of the Commonwealth, as its Chief Executive officer, and Mr. Singerly was chosen president of the bank, a position to which he is admirably adapted by a long and successful business career. He is at his desk dailv, and although having many other enterprises to look after, the interests of the " Chestnut Street" are his first consideration. He has an able and experienced assistant in Mr. William Steele, the efficient cashier, one of the most popular bank officials in the city. When Mr. Sing- erly became president of the bank, Mr. Isaac Cooper was elected vice-president, and he, too, is one of our ablest financiers. The mm -l\ -a Chestnut Street National directory is the same, with the exception of Messrs. Allen B. Rorke and Charles A. "Porter, who succeeded Messrs. Mahlon Artman and James H. Windrim. The following is a condensed report of the condition of the Bank July 9, 1891 : Resources — Loans and Discounts, $1,768,604.84; U. S. Bonds, $150,000; Due from Banks and Bankers, $1,87,598.67 ; Cash and Reserve, $675,924.96 ; total, $2,782,128.47. Liabilities — Capital Stock, $500,000; Surplus and Net Profits, $134,446.27 ; Cir- culation, $45,000; Deposits, $2,io2,6S2.2o ; total, $2,782,128.47. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA NS. BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. MARKET STREET NATIONAL BANK The financial facilities of Philadelphia are admirably rcpre sented by the Market Street National Hank, which was organized under the National Banking Laws in May, 1NS7, with a paid up capital stock of $600,000, and its last quarterly statement, which shows a surplus and undivided profits aggregating $136,252.27 speaks elo- quently of the ability of the manage- ment and the prudent methods which have obtained. This showing, when it is remem- bered that the Bank has not yet closed the fourth year of its existence, is evi- dence of prosperity almost unequalled in the history of banking in this city, but such a one as might have been ex- pected in view of the known standing and financial ability of its executive officers and its board of directors, com- prising as they do, some of the most successful business men and masters of finance in this great trade and finan- cial centre. The bank is located at 1 107 Mar- ket street, an ideal site from a business standpoint, where it owns and occupies a handsome building erected especially for the bank's purposes and furnished with every modern convenience for transacting a large banking business. The fire and burglar-proof vaults are constructed on the best system known to the builder's art and are provided with all the latest and most approved appliances, having time locks and every known device to insure perfect security. The bank began business May 23, 18S7, and has steadily gained in busi- ness reputation, taking its place among the most reliable, ably managed and conservative financial institutions of this city, noted for the number and substantial character of its banks and banking-houses. The total resources of the Market Street National Bank, at the date of its report July 9, 1891, footed up the aggregate of $3,324,474.72 made up in part as follows : Loans and discounts . . $2,106,780.00 United States Bonds . . 50,000.00 Due from reserve agents 301,085. 45 Due from National Banks 243,613.00 5.205-43 112,450.00 132, 8S6. 15 252,015.50 74,527.00 minor items aggregating the Due from State Banks . Real estate, fixtures, etc. Exchanges for clear'g house Specie .... Legal tender notes with amount above stated. The deposits, subject to check, amounted to $2,260,404.17, showing the confidence of the business community in the methods and management of affairs. The officers and board of directors are well-known business men of this city, who have long been identified with its trade and in- dustries. The president, Colonel Charles H. Bancs, who lias been the executive head since the bank was organized, was formerly of the firm of Piss. Banes, Erbeu & Company, one of the leading worsted spinning concerns of Philadelphia, and has for oyer thirty years been honorably and prominently identified with the commercial growth of this city. The vice-president, Mr. George D. McCreary, was formerly engaged in the coal business here, and is recog- nized as one of the representative, suc- jS^ A cessful business men of this trade me- tropolis. Mr. B. F. Dennisson, the efficient cashier, was elected to' his responsible position at the organization of the bank. He has been honorably connected with the banking business in this city for the past thirty-eight years and is accounted high authority upon all questions of finance. The board of directors is composed of Messrs. Charles H. Banes, Samuel Y. Hecbner, Thomas F. Jones, George B. Woodman, George D. McCreary, Chas. W.Henry. Isaac Blum. John G.Croxton, Stuart Wood, Walter H. Geissinger, A. Maxwell Sheppard and Henry D.Welsh. They are all well-known business men of high standing in this commu- nity, and the prosperous condition of the affairs of the Bank is but the logical sequence of their honorable methods and financial business ability. The officers and directors are all pleased to refer to this as essentially the business men's Bank, and concern- ing this there can be no question in the minds of the most casual observer. Besides being a bank of issue, a regular banking and collecting business is here transacted in every detail, and the Bank has also a Safe Deposit department with well-lighted handsomely furnished and convenient apartments for the use of box renters and depositors. The boxes in the burglar-proof vaults are rented at moderate prices, affording the maxi- mum security at minimum rates. The banking-house is a model of taste as regards exterior and interior arrangements and appointments. Light is admitted to all parts of the spacious offices through sky-lights above, and every convenience for customers and facility for the dispatch of business, is proyided. Among the Bank's leading cor- respondents, we find the National Bank of the Republic and the Importers' and Traders' National Bank of New York City, the First National Bank of Chicago and the National Bank of Commerce of Boston, Massachusetts. National Bank PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA'S. BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. DREXEL & COMPANY The Drcxel Banking House, which occupies the front rank among the great financial institutions of the United States, was founded in 1837, by Francis M. Drexel, father of the present head of the house, Anthony J. Drexel. In his lifetime it was large and prosperous, and the foundations firmly built upon which it has progressed, grown and extended its operationsandinfluence all over the commercial world. The principal transactions of the house being to supply capital for individuals, corporations, municipal, State and marble structure entirely devoted to the business of the firm, and said to be the handsomest private bank in the world. Two years later Mr. Drexel had acquired all the property extending south from Chestnut on Fifth street to Library street, 220 feet and 10 inches, and east to the Custom House lot on Chestnut street, 142 feet front, with the exception of the lot occupied by the Independence National Bank, 27 feet 10 inches on Chestnut street, and 105 feet deep, around which the Drexel Building now stands. The " Drexel Building " was commenced in 18S7, and is built on the above described premises, the banking house built in 1885 1 }; a a ■ I V * ' 3 ft *8 .r% %~:; m ■ : - - ., r - ^: *<;-.- TfjK "* J i \« IE ■ y 'Ifi The Drexel Building Government use or needs. The house has supplied and placed hundreds of millions of dollars in railroad, corporation, govern- ment, and other loans and securities, which they have placed for investment. They ileal not in speculative bonds or stocks. They issue letters of credit on the commercial centres of the world. The New York house, Drexel, Morgan & Co., dates from 1850. The Paris house, Drexel Harjes & Co., from 1867. The London connection is J. S. Morgan Co. The members of the firm are Anthony J. Drexel, Geo. C. Thomas, Jas. W. Paul, Jr., and Edward T. Stotesbnry. THE DREXEL, BUILDING. The banking house of the firm of Drexel & Co., was built in 18S5, at the southeast corner of Fifth and Chestnut streets, a white on the corner of Fifth and Chestnut, forming the lower part of the northern half of the west wing, including in its height the lower stories up to the fifth floor, the remaining six stories and attic being built over it. The bank remains unaltered and is not interfered with in any way by the new building, which was set on top of it, the business of the firm having been conducted as usual during the progress of the work. The plan of the building is in the shape of the letter H, consisting of two parallel wings, facing on Fifth street and Custom House Place respectively, running north and south from Chestnut to Library street and connected in the middle by a cross corridor. Each wing measures 220 feet by 56 feet, and rises 135 feet above the sidewalk, containing a cellar, a basement story, and ten other stories and an attic. The building contains 398 rooms, Philadelphia and popular philadelpiiiaxs. BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. Including the Board room of the Stock Exchange, and 22 toilet rooms, but excluding all rooms in the Drexel Bank. In addition there is the attic over the entire building ; the boiler rooms and cellars are under the rear half of both wings and court. The illustration and this brief account may give the reader a general idea of the magnitude of the building, to appreciate it it is necessary to take a ramble through the corridors — nearly three quarters of a mile long, visit the Board Room of the Stock Exchange and other principal rooms, and climb the great staircase through the eleven stories. In regard to size, it compares favorably with the largest of the new buildings in New York and Chicago. The floors are connected by six swift running elevators, two of which are express to the sixth floor. In regard to heating, light- ing, every improvement and useful appliance has been adopted. In the city of Philadelphia its only rival is the great Public Buildings. E. W. CLARKE & CO. Ili&CSome of the most noted financiers of Philadelphia have in days gone by been connected with this old and well-known banking house. It was originally estab- lished in January, 1837, by E. W. Clarke, father of the present head of the firm, and his brother-in-law, Edward Dodge. In 1843 Jay Cooke was admitted to the firm, and con- tinued with it until 1857, when he withdrew. Edward W. Clarke, present senior member, was admitted on January I, 1849, and his brother, Clarence H. Clarke, in 1854. The firm has undergone many other changes previous to its present organization. Other partners beside those noticed became part- ners, and a number of withdrawals were made. E. W. Clarke, Sr., died in August, [854, after a connection with the firm of over seventeen years, and at his death Jay Cooke became the head of the house, with- drawing, as has already been stated, in 1S57. E. W. Clarke then succeeded to the leader- ship, and in January, 18S2, after the with- drawal of Clarence H. Clarke and F. S. Kimball, the firm as at present constituted, consisting of E. W. Clarke and S. W. Coltou, Jr., under the firm name of E. W. Clarke & Co., was organized. The business of the house was originallv domestic exchange, and it did extensive transactions in the pur- chase and sale of uncurrent money and drafts on all points, making collections for our merchants ; also dealing in gold aud silver during the period of suspension. During the war they dealt largely in Government bonds and all the classes of United States obligations. After the extension of the National bank system throughout the coun- try the exchange and collection business was transacted almost exclusively by them, but the house still has a considerable amount of trade with cus- tomers of that time. The present business of the house is dealing in railroad and car trust bonds and negotiating loans, together with a general bank- ing business, and are members of the New York and Philadelphia Stock Exchanges. The head of the firm. Mr. Clarke, was from 1867 to 1SS1 President of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company, and is still a director, as he is also a director of the Fidelity Insurance, Trust and Safe Deposit Company, a position he has held since its organization. Mr. Clarke has in addition been a director of several railroads from time to time. Security Trust Company of Phiiadelph on deposits subject to check, and special rates are given on time deposits. I). P. Pancoast, M. D., President of the compan member of a family which has been prominent form the history of Pennsylvania, many of them reai . fame. The name, however, has been clncth known in medical circles, but I). P. Pancoast, although himself an M. D., has achieved great distinction as a financier. Mr. J. Henry Haves, the treasurer of the company, -was connected with the Seventh' Natio Exchange National Banks for a number of years. He has a acquaintance in the financial and business world throughout the country. The other officers of the company have been selei ti competency in their knowledge of banking and all that appertains thereto. Since the inauguration of the companj it has transacted a large business in its line, and this volume of trade steadily in- creases. Its quarters, 1317 Arch Street, are entirely adapted to its purposes, and arc fitted up in excellent taste, with ample accommodations for all who favor them with their patronage. SECURITY TRUST COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA Organized for the placing and guarantee- ing of insurance and executing trusts, with a full paid capital of #500,000 and a perpet- ual charter. This company introduced the principle of a guarantee in the insurance business, and such guarantee is not offered by any other company in the United States or in Europe. The company will, without charge, guar- antee the payment of all legal claims for losses under policies and bonds placed for its clients in other established insurance and surety companies. Under this guarantee clients will be insured against losses arising from the failure of the companies in which their risks have been placed, and against mistakes and omissions in their policies that tend to the vexatious delay in the settlement of their claims. This company 51 'flRl-i' BpRs "'" rc P rcscu t its clients in the adjustment fllnO' fiflffSfl 'it their losses and will procure settlement and payment for all just aud valid claims. It will also act as agent and broker in placing under liberal policies insurance of every description, such as fire, marine, acci- dent, lightning, tornado, plate glass, steam boiler and elevator risks, also bonds of sure- tyship and fidelity, etc., and will also pro- cure policies against risks arising under the liability of emplo^-ers for damages on ac- count of the death of or injuries to any person, whether employee or stranger, caused by accidents happening on their premises or elsewhere. The trust and real estate department executes trusts of every description, and will act solely or in connection with indi- viduals, if desired, as trustee, executor, administrator, guardian, assignee, committee, receiver, attorney, etc. Transacts a general real estate business ; will act as agent or attorney for buying, hold- ing, leasing and selling property ; it also negotiates mortgages and places ground rents. Officers: Samuel B. Huey, President; Henry Darrach, First Vice-President; D. C. F. Rivinus, Second Vice-President; John Welsh Dulles, Secretary and Treasurer. Directors : Samuel B. Huey, Henry M. Lewis. M. E. McDowell, John S. Jenks, Henry Darrach, Sidney F. Tyler, Austin M. Purees, Allen B. Rorke, Dan- iel Baugh, John Casscls. D. C. F. Rivinus, Spencer M. Janney, William Burnham, John F. Lewis, Edward B. Smith. THE MUTUAL BANKING. SURETY, TRUST AND SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY Was organized in January, 1890. The institution has an au- thorized capital of $1, 000, 000, of which $155,000 has been paid in. It transacts a general banking, trust and surety business. It acts as surety on bonds of the officers of fraternal and co-operative associations. It offers the most liberal terms and guarantees the absolute safety of the funds. Two per cent, interest is allowed THE GUARANTEE COMPANY OF NORTH AMERICA This company is the onlv one in America solely devoted to the granting of bonds of suretyship for employees in positions of trust, whereby the necessity for private suretyship is abolished. To employers it ensures the en lorsement by a resp msible company of those in wdiose hands they may trust their affairs, and the ready recovery of loss by their defalcation should such arise. It saves PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA NS. BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. them the trouble and delicacy of inquiring into the antecedents of an applicant for employment, as well as the periodical supervision necessary to ascertain the continued solvency of private sureties, and it is a safeguard against the appointment or retention of an unworthy person in their service, by reason of the primary investigation and subsequent supervision of the employee by this company. To the employee, besides relieving him of the onerous obligation of ask- ing his friends to " go on his bond," it is a valuable certificate to receive and retain the endorsement of such an institution, as it at once establishes his title to his employer's confidence without other testimony. The system was first introduced into this country by The Guarantee Company of North America, and was looked upon as a great noveltv.but its principles and the advantages it offered at once gained it the approval of business men and employers. The company, although organized in 1872, dates its career as far back as 1S63, having absorbed two companies dating back to that time, one of which, aud the first to transact the business on this continent, was the European of England, a branch of which was established in Montreal, Canada, in 1863, under the man- agement of Edward Rawlings, who came from England to take charge of its affairs. The other was the "Citizens'" Company, whose capital was $1, 000, 000. The company was ab- sorbed by the Guarantee in 18S1, which together with the " European " and " Citizens," has paid no less than 58750,000 in recouping employers for the defaults of dishonest employees. Its man- agement is the same that first introduced the svstem to the New World, and possesses, there- fore, the element of a practical knowledge of the business extending over a period of thirty- one years. In 1873 the company made its first contract with corporations of the United States, which, having satisfied themselves as to the company's sound position and standing in Canada, applied direct for the protection of its bonds. It was received with such favor that the directors de- cided to formally enter the field here, by making the required deposit with the Insurance Depart- ment at Albany, N. Y., and extend its business generally throughout the country ; a deposit of $200,000 was made for the special security of the United States policy holders, and the com- pany was legally constituted and licensed to transact business throughout the several States. A. F. Sabine, the Resident- Secretary of the company, established the Philadelphia branch in 1881, and it has always been a success, last year alone the office issuing $ 7,000,000 worth of suretyship bonds. Mr. Sabine has his office at 506 Walnut street, and his territory includes the States of Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland. In Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Baltimore, there are strong local Boards of Directors, the Boards of Pittsburgh anil Baltimore reporting to that of Philadelphia. The latter is made up as follows : Benjamin B. Comegys, President of the Philadelphia National Bank; J. Livingston Erringer, President Philadelphia Trust Co.; Amos R. Little, Director Pennsylvania Railroad Company ; Alfred M. Collins, A. M. Collins, Sons & Co.; John C. Sims, Jr., Secretary Pennsylvania Railroad Company; C. Hartshorne, Vice-President Lehigh Valley Railroad ; G. R. W. Amies, Assistant Treasurer Norfolk and Western Railroad; Geo. M. Troutman, President Cen- tral National Bank; Counsel, Thos. DeWitt Cuyler. The company transacts the largest guarantee business in America. It has the records of all the employees accepted or rejected during the past twenty-eight years, in both the United States and Canada, and has some 15,000 confidential correspondents scattered all over the world. The thirty-seventh annual statement of the company, June 30, 1891, shows: Capital subscribed, $668,600; capital paid up. $304,- 600. Assets in United States, f532.173.12 ; in Canada, >2i 2.22m. 72 ; total assets, $744, 402. S4. Liabilities, 5169,899.31. Surplus to policy- holders, §574,503. 53. The resources are, the total assets above, 8744,402.84 and reserve capital subject to call, $364,000. Total resources for security of insured, $1,108,402.81. Number of bonds issued to date, 134,316; applications rejected, 11,126; total applications to date, 145,442 (of which full records are retained in office for reference). Total claims paid and provided for to date, $839,875.73. Commonwealth Title Insurance and Trust Company THE COMMONWEALTH TITLE INSURANCE AND TRUST COMPANY This Company is located at No. 813 Chestnut street, in its handsome fire proof marble building. The first floor is laid in mo- saic and furnished in mahogany, and contains a series of rooms well adapted for the purposes of the several branches of business. It is occupied by the banking, executive, trust and title depart- ments, and it is covered by a lofty 7 and ornamental ceiling. In the rear upon the same floor are complete burglar and fire proof vaults, for the use of depositors and the Company's officers. The rooms upon the four upper floors are occupied by the clerks and em- ployees, and for the storage of the "plant." This consists of copies of the public records, briefs, etc., which have been procured at a large expense. As an interesting fact it is well to sav that this Company employs twelve ladies in the different departments, and that their work is entirely satisfactory, and in some departments superior to that of men. It was incorporated July 2S, 1SS6, for the purpose of transacting a Title, Trust and Security Business. The peculiar character of the organi- zation caused it at once to spring into general favor, and it now stands in the front rank among the Trust and Title Companies. The capital stock ($1,000,0001 is held by prominent lawyers, conveyancers and real estate brokers, each of whom can hold only a limited number of shares. No others than members of these professions can hold the stock. The Ex- ecutive Officers and Beard of Directors are repre- sentative men of these professions, familiar with the questions arising in the course of the Com- pany's business. The Company elects no so- licitor, but each lawyer bringing any matter of business is retained as the counsel in that par- ticular case. The last annual statement shows deposits amounting to $1,910,412.75, but the Title, Trust anil Security departments constitute its distinc- tive feature. The old mode of securing title to real estate or mortgages is passing away. Then the pur- chaser employed his counsel or conveyancer to examine the title, obtain the searches for mort- gages, judgments, etc., and these were delivered to the client as an assurance that he was getting a good title with his deed or mortgage. Now this Title Company upon the payment of a moderate premium gives to the purchaser of real estate or of a mortgage its Policy of Insurance whereby his title is absolutely secured. The Company has assumed all risks and liability as to the title, searches, judgments, etc. Their policies are only issued after careful examina- tions and searches made by the Company, and are accepted by all of the financial institutions and other investors. They are always issued within a few days after application, and this promptitude has largely stimulated all transactions in real estate. The whole capital and surplus are pledged as security for the perfoimance of the obligations arising from these policies. In the Trust department, the Company acts as executor, ad- ministrator, trustee, assignee, committee in lunacy or guardian of mini irs' estates, and likewise becomes security for persous acting in a fiduciary capacity. This feature of the Company's business relieves those who need security for such purposes from the annov- ance of applying to their friends, and from a coincident duty of aid- ing them in like cases. All men of experieuce appreciate the relief afforded by this opportunity. The Company has prospered to such an extent that in addition to regular yearly dividends of ten per cent, it has accumulated a surplus of $105,500. The officers are : Henry M. Dechert, president ; Win. Nelson West, vice-president; Adam A. Stull, secretary aud treasurer ; Edw. H. Bonsall, title and trust officer ; Andrew T. Kay, assistant title officer; A. M. Beitler, Francis E. Brewster, Charles Carver, Henry M. Dechert, Samuel T. Fox, William Gorman, George W. Han- cock, John F. Lewis, A. J. Maloney, Wm. S. Ringgold, John H. Sloau, Fred. Sydvester, Frederick B. Vogel, Wm. Nelson West, and Isaac D. Yocum, directors. 73 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILA DELPHI A. \'S. BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. THE UNION TRUST COMPANY The City of Philadelphia possesses more trust companies than any other in the United States. Perhaps the reason of this is because the citizens are as a rule more careful and conservative investors, preferring to take a small profit on their investment than run the chances of losing their all m some wildcat scheme. The bulk of business transacted by companies of this nature consists in the placing on the market good securities, whose value is assured. The Union Trust Company was first organized in the summer of 1882, and on October 17th the charter was granted ; shortly after the institution was opened for business with 10 per cent, of the capital paid in, or in other words #100,000. Quarters were obtained at 611 and 613 Chestnut street. The officers of the new corporation were among the most prominent men in financial circles at that time. Col. \V. C. Patterson was first President; Hon. Heister Clymer was Vice-President, and among the directors were: Hon. Thomas F. Bayard, the well known Delawarean ; ex-Governor Randolph, of Newjersey ; and many others more or less prominent. Mr. Mahlon S. Stokes, the present Treasurer, is the only one of the original officers who still holds his position. The others have either retired or died in office. The business of the company was even more of a success than prophesied by the most sanguine, and it was found that the old build- ing would 110 longer accommodate the steadih increasing business. Then came the difficulty in obtain- ing a suitable location on which to erect a building that would in every way fill the requirements. A num- ber of offers were received and con- sidered by the directors, but noth- ing entirely satisfactory was pre- sented. Among the properties ex- amined, however, was that of Mr. William M. Singerly, known as the old Masonic Hall, or Masonic Tem- ple property, and as the result of negotiations, an agreement was en- tered by him to erect the magnifi- cent building that now covers the entire lot, the central portion as it now stands being conveyed by him to the company. This was on the 8th of March, 18S8, and for a con- sideration of #240,000, Mr Singerly agreed to erect on the central por- tion of the lot, fronting 41 feet 5 '/ 2 inches on Chestnut street, extend- ing back 178 feet to Jayne street, a banking house adapted to the needs of the company and on the 26th of July, 1889, a deed was delivered conveying the title in fee, clear of all incumbrances to The Union Trust Company. The front of the building, of which Willis G. Hale was the architect, presents the idea of a triple arch, with two projecting pillars relegated into flying buttresses and ending above the triangular roof in minaret effects. These pillars with the rough ashler keystones forming the frieze between the central elevated arch and the roof, and the circular window with its geometrical designs and other features while serving useful purposes, and in the highest degree ornate, need no effort in imagination to suggest the time-honored symbolism of the Masonic fraternity, by whom the site was so long occupied. As one enters they are wonderfully struck with its lofty and im- pressive character, the vestibuled doorway domed with opalescent glass, the spacious rotunda eighty feet high, the wainscoting ot tiles with the massive cornice covering about twenty of the fifty feet in height in the walls, and the office wood-work of solid mahogany in the centre considerably above the head of the tallest man, all con- tribute to produce an effect of the utmost stateliness and dignity. The walls are ivory and light buff, and the ceiling light blue. The pilasters of the inside arches are black marble, and the s- an of the arches is thirty nine feet in the clear. The main banking depart- ment is over 12S feet long. The arrangement of the offices, all the fixtures and furniture being of mahogany, is admirable ; and here Union Trust Comp too, the carved fluted columns and acacia fric/.es and shields are in keeping with the other emblematic designs that carry out the historic suggestions of the edifice; all the open fretwork is filled with real bronze, of which the gates at the tellers' windows are also constructed. The dealing plates at the tellers' des', Mexican onyx. The frames are filled with beveled glass of the finest quality. On the Jayne street side, reached by stairways, is the directors' room in blue and oak, with the officers' dining room adjoining it on the second floor, and two rooms above on the third floor intended as dining rooms for the clerks and other employ ees. The massive vaults constructed in accordance with the latest scientific achievements iu that direction, arc a feature of the estab- lishment. They are nine in number, the great central double vault standing in full sight in the centre of the banking room, three at the back and five underground. They are unusually large, and the one on the main floor is finished to correspond with the fnrnishings of the rest of the interior. The three large vaults at the back, two for safe deposit business and one for the trust department, are perfect constructions of the kind, adjacent to them are two suits of little private coupon rooms, one set for men and another for ladies. The first of the vaults down-stairs is steel lined, and the highest achieve- ment in burglarand fire-proof vault, it is intended for jewelry, plate, and similar valuables. The vaults are built out with passages between them and the walls, so that the watchman can walk around them, and there is no chance of commu- nication from the outside. Every- thing iu connection with the build- ing has been carefully thought out, and is complete in every particular. The business transacted by The Union Trust Company is of such a responsible and extensive charac- ter, that it is fast taking a promi- nent place among similar financial institutions. It acts as executor and admin- istrator for estates, becomes receiv- er, guardian, agent or trustee, and takes charge of the property of ab- sentees and non-residents, collect- ing rents, remitting incomes ami discharging all such intimate and responsible duties. It receives money on deposit, allowing interest on sight accounts; also makes in- vestments for such as desire it to do so. It is the trustee of an immense number of corporations and large concerns. When it became necessary for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company to furnish an indemnity bond in connection with its en- trance into Philadelphia, The Union Trust Company took the matter iu hand. By its charter the Company is authorized to insure owners of real estate, mortgagers and others interested in real estate from loss by defective title, liens and encumbrances; it also holds on deposit and in trust as security real and personal estate, including notes. bonds and obligations of States and individuals, and is empow- ered to purchase, collect, adjust, settle and sue such securities on such terms as may be agreed upon by the contracting parties. The care of valuables is of course an important part of its business, the facilities being most perfect. The business of the Company has constantly increased from the date of its organization. It has not yet availed itself of the authority contained iu the charter to insure titles to real estate, but found it necessary to meet the wants of many of its patrons by opening a savings fund department, the deposits and assets of which are kept separate from the other business of the cor] .oration. The officers are well known to the people of the commonwealth and city, and among its directors are many prominent and influen- tial professional and business men. J. Simpson Africa. President; Thomas R. Patton, Vice-President; Mahlon S. Stokes. Treasurer and Secretary ; and William Henry Price, Trust Officer. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. THE LAND TITLE AND TRUST COMPANY During the summer of 1SS5 some of the most influential busi- ness men of the city called a meeting and through their efforts the above organization was incorporated. The charter being granted in August of the same year, and by November 2nd they were ready to commence business with ten per cent, of their capital paid up or in other words, $100,000. Temporary quarters were obtained at 621 Chestnut street. The success of the institution became as- sured and it was found necessary to erect a building suitable to the demands of a steadily growing institution. The plat of ground known as Ash Estate was purchased and the new building was The Land Title and Trust Company started. It is without doubt one ot the best of the kind in the city, being fitted throughout with the newest appliances for furthering the work in hand. The first floor is devoted to the Banking, the Title Search, Real Estate and Trust Departments besides the Safe Deposit Vaults, while the seventh floor is used for the keeping of what is known as " The Plant." The remainder of the building is rented for office purposes. The transfer of land has always been a complicated matter compared to the transfer of personal property ; in the latter the poss- essor may transfer title by delivery, in the former mere possession is not sufficient evidence of title, and as the seller can only convey such title as he may have every intelligent buyer demands proof of a good title in the seller. This involves proof of the title of each prior owner back to the original source of title. During the course of passing years the number of transfers by deed, descent, judicial sales and the many other causes, increased. Searching the title became more and more difficult and compli- cated. Recorded deeds could only be found by means of public in- dexes of the names of the parties and as might be expected numerous errors crept into these indexes. Other sources of errors were numerous under this system and at the best, assuming no error in the indexes or records, the validity of a title depended largely upon the skill and accuracy of the conveyancer and the correctness of the legal opinion based upon the brief of title or abstract ; the conveyancer or the lawyer not being liable for loss except incase of negligence clearly proven. The great reform instituted for the safe transfer of title in Philadelphia was the adoption of the " Locality Indexes." These were first perfected by The Land Title and Trust Company, at an enormous outlay of several hundred thousand dol- lars and an immense amount of labor. Every page of every book of public records from the earliest settlement of the province of Pennsylvania to the present date affecting the lauds within the County of Philadelphia has been examined and abstracted and the abstracts have been sorted, classified, indexed, and verified, and these arc kept from day to day, so that now in searching a title, in- stead of depending solely upon the indexes of names of the former owners, they refer to the abstract of all deeds referring to that par- ticular lot. The names are thus disclosed by the deeds and the deeds by the names, each index operating as a check upon the other. The accuracy of the abstracts has been verified in various ways, chiefly by surveys or drafts of the lots conveyed, and by fit- ting these drafts together on connected plans. By this means lo- cality indexes and a scientific plant have finally been constructed, which together covers every foot of ground within the above ter- ritory ; all that is now really necessary in order to search the title of any piece of ground is to have its accurate description. The company's plant includes not only deeds but mortgages and other recorded instruments affecting lands. The immense value of such a plant can be appreciated only by those who have had experience in searching the records. Having thus eliminated the principal sources of error in the examination of titles, the company backs up the accuracy of its examination and takes all the chances of defect in title from known or unknown causes by insuring the title against such defects. An owner of land who holds the company's policy insuring the title in himself, is in a position to rest tranquil in his possession and to mortgage, lease or sell his property without delay. The value of this method of business can be readily seen and at present all purchasers of property refer to this or similar in- stitutions before completing the purchase. Under the head of trusts is included every class of business in which the company acts in a fiduciary capacity. By the act of legislature under which it is chart- ered it is authorized among other things to execute trusts of descrip- tion not inconsistent with the laws of this State or the United States. This includes not only technical trusts but the right to act as ad- ministrator, executor, assignee for creditors, receiver, attorney-in- fact, guardian, mortgage, trustee for corporations, and in fact many other duties of the same class. The advantages of a strong well- managed trust company arc patent, and the advantages of the system are being taken advantage of more and more from time to time. The Banking department is similar in management to all in- stitutions of the same order. Interest at the rate of two per cent, being paid on deposits subject to check. The deposits of the com- pany are steadily increasing, amounting to more than $1, 500, 000. Money is loaned on collateral only, thus securing the institution from bad paper. The Safe Deposit vaults combine every approved method of modern construction. The massive double doors are supplied with time locks, which can only be opened during business hours, and the vaults as well as the building are properly guarded day and night by special officers. One vault is reserved for the use of the company, another is fitted up for the use of renters, the renter alone holding the key. Other vaults are used for the storage of boxes of silverware and other bulky articles. Since the inception of the organization it has been successful ; the success is entirely due to the careful aud conservative form of management adopted by the board of directors. The first president was Mr. Charles Richardson, who took office with the understand- ing that he was to be relieved as soon as the institution was in work- ing order. The officers and directors are as follows : President, Nathaniel E. Janney ; Vice-President, J. Sergeant Price ; Secretary and Treasurer, James P. P. Brown ; Trust Officer, Albert A. Outer- bridge ; Title Officer, D. Russell Nuttall ; Chairman Finance Com- mittee, George M. Troutman. Directors: J. Sergeant Price, Harry G. Clav, Ellis G. Williams, Win. R. Nicholson, Chas. Richardson, Geo. M. Troutman, Harry F. West, Chas. F. Perot, Nathaniel E. Janney, Henry R. Gummey, G. Colesberry Purves, Samuel S. Sharp", Wiuthrop Smith, Waiter D. Allen, Richard M. Hartley. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILA DELPHI A NS. BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. THE GUARANTEE TRUST AND SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY The Company was duly chartered by special act of the Legisla- ture of Pennsylvania on May 24, 1S71 , with a capital of .Si ,000,000, " for the safe-keeping of valuables, renting of safes in its burglar- proof vaults; receiving of deposits of money at interest ; the col- lection of interest and income; the execution of all manner of trust-. ; the management and settling of estates as executor, administrator, assignee, receiver, guardian, 'trustee, agent or attorney, etc., etc." The above extract from the official announcement as to the Com- pany's sphere of operations, indicates how valuable its facilities are to everv business man and owner of valuables both in Philadelphia and elsewhere, and the public appreciation of the advantages offered is abundantly demonstrated by the magnitude of the business devel- oped during the twenty years of the Company's exist- ence. The par value of its stock is Sioo, and its value ha so advanced that it was recently sold at $2 10 per share The original officers of the Company were William H Rhawn, president; John S. Brown, vice-president am treasurer; and Johu M. Hazel, secretary. They were al noted as shrewd, conservative financiers, as was also the Board of Directors, composed then as now of representative business men. The first question of im- portance that confronted the management was the construc- tion of a suitable building in which to carry on their business, and weighty and lengthy delib- eration attended their prelimin- ary movements. The tangible results of this commendable pol- icy are seen in the magnificent edifice at Nos. 316, 318 and 320 Chestnut street, a structure un- surpassed in character and com- pleteness by any building for a similar purpose in the United States, if not in the world. From an architectural point of view, it is one of the handsomest buildings in Philadelphia, and possesses advantages of great merit such as can be found in no other structure in the city. The site was chosen with due dis- crimination to surroundings, and the building is entirely isolated, being surrounded either by streets or wide areas of space. It has a frontage on Chestnut street of 57 feet, and extends to a depth of 19S feet on both Hudson street and Carpenter's court. The stone foun- dations are from S to 12 feet deep, and 4 feet thick, while the base- ment walls are 3 feet thick, of hard brick laid in cement. Above the main floor the walls are 2 feet, 3 inches thick ; the interior and par- tition walls are also of hard brick. Iron beams supported by mas- sive brick arches form the foundations of the floors, which are laid with concrete and encaustic tile, thus rendering the building abso- lutely fire proof. The treasury room is situated in the rear of the structure, and contains the massive fire and burglar proof vaults, six in number, constructed of the most superior hardened iron and steel plates, securely welded together and impenetrable to the finest tempered steel drills. As an additional safeguard this metal shell is enclosed on all sides with massive walls of dressed granite blocks, weighing several tons each, all laid in cemeut, and securely clamped The Guarantee Trust and Safe". Deposit Company and dowelled together. Six immen granite, each weigh- ing about twenty tons, form the vault cover. The vaults arc thus made as impregnable to the assaults of evil-disposed persons as they arc to an attack by the fire-fiend. The vaults arc perfectly drv, and rest upon solid granite foundations of enormous si/.c and ., laid by machinery in cement, and extendin water level, thus making it impossible for an entrance to be effected by under- mining. Their construction required about 1700 tons of granite and 400,000 pounds of iron and steel. Extending ten feet above the vaults are solid brick walls, with a ceiling of iron beams anil brick arches, and over that a roof of in .11 and slate. Bach vault is provided with two doors of solid welded iron and hardened steel plates, each door being fastened by two combination locks of the finest character and the latest improved time lock attachment, ar- ranged by separate combinations, so that two or more persons must be present to open both doors of any one vault. The interior dimensions of the vaults are of great magnitude, each one being 10x18 feet and 7 to 8 feet high. Their capacity and convenience is probably unequalled by any similar institution in the United States, the iron safes and boxes of various sizes numbering 6000. to the renter, who carries the only key that will unlock it. Beneath the treasury is a great plate vault, 39x4s feet in size. The rules governing access to the vaults are of the most methodical and stringent character, thus af- fording the utmost guarantee of security. Every safeguard is thrown around the patrons of the Com- pany, the innate security of its vaults being supplemented by electric burglar alarms on doors and windows throughout the building ; electric commu- nication with the Central Police Station and Bell Telephone of- fice ; an electric recording clock for testing the vigilance of trai ned and armed pri vate watch- men employed to guard the building day and night; and by an ingenious arrangement of signals and telephone, commu- nication is made throughout the entire building, thus affording perfect safety to persons bring- ing valuables, [etc., for deposit. But the greatest security of the concern is not in its iron, steel, brick and granite material used, but in the management and the thorough system of organization which pervades the banking and safe deposit departments. The officers and Board of Directors are composed as follows : President, Richard G. Cook 1 elected 1888) ; Vice-president, George H. Earle.Jr. (elected 18S9) ; Treasurer, Harry J. Delany (assistant treasurer for a long period, and elected treasurer in 18S5) ; Secretary, Johu Jay ( ,il- roy(elected 1877); Trust officer, Richard C. Winship (elected 1882). Board of Directors : Edw. C. Knight, Thomas MacKellar, Johu J. Stadiger, W. Rotch Wister, Alfred Fitler, J. Dickinson Sergeant, Aaron Fries. Chas. A. Sparks, Joseph Moore, Jr., Richard Y. Cook, Geo. H. Earle, Jr., Jay Cooke, Jr., and Conyers Button. No better endorsement can be given the Company than the publication of the officers and directors, who rank among the city's ablest and most conservative financiers, their policy being alike entirely satisfac- tory to their patrons and the stockholders. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. THE PHILADELPHIA WAREHOUSE COMPANY Was incorporated in May, 1S71. The company's banking house is located at No. 235 Dock street, the accompanying engrav- ing showing the front and western side of the building. The officers and directors at present are as follows: President, Harry F. West ; Vice-President, Beauveau Boric ; Secretary and Treas- urer, F. M. Potts ; Superintend- ent, Robert H. Pile. Direc- tors: Harry F. West, Henry C. Gibson, John Lowber Welsh, John H. Michener, Beauveau Borie, William C. Houston, Lawrence Johnson, Thomas McKean, Christian C. Febiger. Among the many privil- eges granted the Philadelphia Warehouse Company in its charter, were those of con- ducting a general warehousing and storage business and of advancing its credit or money upon any property in its cus- tody, or upon bills of lading or warehouse receipts represent- ing goods on storage elsewhere or in transit. This company owed its origin to a number of the lead- ing business men of Philadel- phia, among whom may be named, A. J. Drexel, George F.Tyler, H. P. McKean, Henry C. Gibson, John S. Newbold, Clarence H. Clark, Adolph E. Borie, Charles L. Borie, John H. Michener, Christian J. Hoffman, John Lowber Welsh and T. Charlton Henry. These gentlemen recognized the great need of Philadelphia's mer- chants and manufacturers es- pecially, for better facilities for obtaining the necessary money to conduct their business en- terprises without friction or embarrassment. To some ex- tent the banks supplied this need, but loaning on merchan- dise not being the legitimate prerogative of the National banks, it was felt that a wide field was presented for a new company, whose chief business would be to extend its credit to those requiring assistance, receiving for its security satisfactory merchandise collateral. The business thus established has continued to grow in volume as the company's name and methods have become more widely known, and now, after a career of twenty years, its transactions amount to many millions of dollars per annum, chiefly in loans on staple merchandise. With such substantial and marketable collaterals to secure all its loans, the Philadelphia Warehouse Company has from the first enjoyed the confidence of the financial community, and now stands with the highest credit among the institutions of Philadelphia. Having a full paid capital of f 1,000, 000, and such high credit, the facilities of the company for transacting the business for which it is especially equipped are without an equal. The rates charged for loan of its credit or for cash advances are quite moderate in view of the advantages which are offered the borrower. Recognizing the staple and indestructible character of iron and its products, the company has for many years given es- pecial attention to advances on this collateral, offering to bor- rowers most favorable facilities for effecting loans. To this end the business of the com- pany has been extended be- yond the confines of both city and State, and its advantages have been offered alike to local and remote furnaces. To ac- complish the greatest good in this direction storage yards are established convenient to the borrower, by lease of suitable ground at nominal expense. A custodian is appointed to take charge of the iron for the com- pany, and advances are then made to a reasonable extent on the product of the mills as it is deposited in the com- pany's care. This system has worked admirably for all con- cerned, enabling the manufac- turer to continue operating his furnace, and to retain control of his market, where either blowing out the furnace or selling at current prices would entail great loss. With the facilities thus of- fered, the merchant, manufac- turer, importer or commission man can store and carry his goods through periods of busi- ness depression when the cost of production cannot be real- izeel, or a fair return had from the capital invested. Goods sold for future delivery or made in anticipation of their market can be temporarily used, pend- ing sale or shipment, to supply the capital requisite to keep the plant active and the operatives employed. The manufacturer can thus control his own sales and prices, placing the product of the mill direct without the serious items of expense which are often incurred. Through this liberal policy of the company, the disadvantages resulting from the employment of special capital can in many cases be avoided. The interest on such capital is necessarily a fixed charge, whether the business shrinks in volume or not. By the ar- rangement above indicated, however, advances will be made, practically supplying this necessary capital, and at a rate very much less than that usually paid for it. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. THE MERCHANTS' TRUST COMPANY This Company was organized in 18S9 with a capital stock of Five hundred thousand dollars 1 $500,000), and although still in its infancy, the energetic, safe and conservative character of its man- agement has already placed it in rank with the most solid and reliable of Philadelphia's financial institutions. The Company is centrally located at Nos. 611 and 615 Chestnut street. Mindful of the peculiar nature of the business of a trust com- pany, the investments arc made in the most carefully selected securities and no moneys arc loaned except upon the most approved collaterals. Good security is deemed more important than the promise of large profit. An important branch of their business is done in the entering of security for executors, administrators and other trustees of estates, the moneys and securities being deposited with the Com- pany and distributed under the decree of the proper court. This has proved a great accommodation and convenience to many of its patrons. Constant offers of business have to be refused by the Company by reason of their speculative character, but enough remains to keep the resources of the institution actively engaged at all times. The Title Insurance business, which is carried on under proper and satisfactory traffic arrangements with other companies, is devel- oping rapidly anil the necessity for an expensive and constantly depreciating " plant " is avoided. The interests and convenience of its patrons are studied in the minutest details, and those doing business with the Merchants' Trust Company are invariably waited upon with courtesv and promptness. Appreciating the fact that the supply of Safe Deposit boxes offered by the various banks and trust companies is somewhat in excess of the demand at prices heretofore charged, and believing many would avail themselves of the protection thus afforded if the rent of boxes was made sufficiently moderate, the Company has placed their charge at a figure within the reach of all. The Safe Deposit vaults, which have been constructed at a heavy outlay, are guarded day and night by watchmen under the supervision of the American District Telegraph Company, and are both lire and burglar proof. They have all modern appliances of safety, such as time and combination locks, electric lights, etc., and every means that human ingenuity can invent to make them abso- lutely safe from without and within. The Company offers every facility and convenience to its patrons for doing business. It receives deposits payable by check on demand and allows interest thereon. It collects rents, interest, dividends, etc., issues policies of title insurance to real estate and does all kindsof conveyancing, insures against decedents' debts, mechanics' liens, etc., acts as trustee, guardian, executor, administrator, etc., and becomes surety for the same. It furnishes surety in cases of replevin of attachments and appeals. It also acts as registrar of stocks and bonds of corporations. In the Savings Fund department deposits are received from one dollar upwards without limit to amount, payable upon ten days' notice with interest at the rate of three per cent, per annum. The following is a list of its officers and directors : President, Joseph R. Rhoads; Vice-President, John F. Lewis; Secretary and Treasurer, Robert Morris Early ; Title and Trust Officer, William B. Lane. Directors, Nicholas Brice, L. D. Brown, Howard Butcher, A. Graham Klliot, Thomas R. Gill, Alfred Gratz, Chas. S. Ilinch- man, Thomas S. Harrison, Spencer M.Janney, John F. Lewis, John B. Love, John Lucas, S. Davis Page, Joseph R. Rhoads, Edward S. Sayres. R. G. DUN AND COMPANY An existence of half a centurv has enabled the above named mercantile agency to acquire an experience and accumulate a capi- tal, which give it the ability to fulfil in the highest degree the du- ties devolving upon it. The entire business community has been familiarized to a greater or lesser extent with its general aim, pur- pose and system ; and it possesses distinctive features and superior advantages and facilities for serving its patrons, which are worthy of special attention to those whose business renders it necessary to extend confidence or credit. A fact of primary importance is that the extent of the business of the agency and the number of its sub- scribers are probably greater than all other competitive concerns combined. It is but fair and reasonable to infer that this extensive support has grown out of a gradual but certain conviction in the minds of the wholesale jobbingand manufacturing tradeof the coun- try, after a test of both it and other agencies, that it is the best, and therefore worthy of the bulk of the patronage. This great pre- ponderance of business imparts one of its main powers of useful- ness as it brings within its scope the most widespread use of its infor- mation; suggestions and friendly criticisms of its reports and rat- ings from its army of subscribers, ader it more c< in its conclusions as to the standing and safety oi traders, than if its information was not so universally tested and confirmed. This is a most important and obvious clement in its capacity lor service, and should not be overlooked by those seeking for the best obtaina- ble assistance of this character. Aside from this view, however, its possession of a large annual revenue for procuring and rendering accessible such a vast volume of information, increases its claim upon the confidence of the patrons, who benefit by their limited contribution to the general fund, procuring in return the advantages flowing from so large an expenditure for their use. The large num- ber of branch offices in every section of the country, now one hun- dred and fifty, each with its local clientage, gives its perfected facil- ities, and a store of carefully gathered information to draw upon at all these points, much superior to other agencies not represented by local offices. To each of these offices is attached a small compact district with which the local manager and his staff are perfectly fa- miliar, who in their turn develop the best sources of information available in each locality, and reflect as nearly as can be the local impression which every business man makes upon his own com- munity. In fact this agency possesses all the advantages of age, experience and ample capital over younger and weaker concerns. Not the least of which is the trained and matured judgment of its managers, many of whom have been a quarter of a centurv and more in charge of their branches. Mr. E. I. Scranton, the manager of the Philadelphia district, has been in charge of this office for three years past, he has however been connected with the branch in other capacities for some time past; through careful attention to business he has gradually raised himself to the top notch of the ladder of position. Some idea of the immense amount of work transacted may be taken from the fact that it records reports of the character and capacity of more than a million traders in the United States and Canada. These reports are revised periodically, maintaining upon the records for the use of subscribers a compilation of information of the greatest possible value, the revision and posting of which involves a constant outlay, and the services of many thousands of correspondents, as well as several hundred traveling and local reporters in the direct employ of the agency. Every subscriber has the privilege of having Ins subscription number placed opposite each of those names in which he is interested, so that in event of an occurrence of an unfavorable nature, he may be promptly advised of the fact. This principle, originating in this Company, has been of the greatest value to those subscribers whose use of the agency is largest ; but it is equally advantageous to those whose inquiries are comparatively few, provided a list of customers is furnished and the number placed opposite each name for advice and protection of the subscriber interested. Aside from the stores of detailed information on record in the various branch offices in the shape of reports, the agency furnishes to its subscribers the most complete reference book ever issued, it contains the location, names and trades of over 1,200,000 mer- chants, traders, manufacturers and business men generally; oppo- site each name are figures indicating the estimated capital of each concern, together with an indication of its credit. The purpose of the book is that of a ready reference for the immediate use ofpatrons in the prompt decisions frequently required in matters of credit. For the convenience of subscribers desirous of reaching any partic- ular line of business, a plan for the classification of various trades bv distinctive signs has been adopted, which has proved very use- ful for any purpose of addressing circulars, catalogues, etc. The reference is also thoroughly equipped with reliable maps of each state, specially engraved, showing every post-office and railroad sta- tion; by a simple system of reference the location of any place on the map can readily be determined. A valuable shipping and post- al guide is furnished to each subscriber with the reference book. In important railroad centres it embodies local instruction, showing the railroad companies taking freight from these points to any place in the country. No organization in the country colli much money due in the shape of past due debts as this agency. Thev have throughout the country attorneys whose bonds to them aggregate an immense sum, so that they are enabled to offer to their patrons the ample guarantee that any money collected by their attorneys will be forthcoming. The charges for collecting past due debts are reasonable. The service is excellent ai I if the money be collected the security is beyond question. In conclusion we may say that the help of such a widespread organization to the mercantile community is almost incalculable. 83 PHILADELPHIA AXD POPULAR PHI LA DELPHI A XS. INSURANCE. ■■c T ^HE first demand for insurance companies in America ap- pears to have been made in Philadelphia, it being created by the enterprise of the merchants of this city in sending out vessels, not only along the American coast, but to for- eign ports, upon which they desired policies of indemnity- Up to 1 72 1 there were no insurers in the colonies, and the ship own- ers had to place their risks under not very satisfactory conditions with the private underwriters of London. In that year John Copson es- tablished an agency here, but it was for a long while unsuccessful. In 173S, when the first fire company was organized in Philadelphia, not a single building in the city or province was insured. The first fire insurance company in America was called "The Philadelphia Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire," and w-as organized in 1752. Benjamin Franklin was a subscriber and a member of the Board of Directors. No other fira insurance company appeared in the United States until 1783. In this first company policies were issued for a term of seven years upon the payment of a deposit, the interest on which during the continuance of the policy belonged to the company. In England, it was not until after the great fire in London of 1666 that a gen- eral system of fire insurance was established. The year following the fire mutual fire insurance clubs, granting insurance not exceeding 500 pounds sterling on a single risk, were formed. In May, 16S0, the London merchants established the first fire insurance company. The rates were 5 per cent, for brick and 10 per cent, for timber houses. In 1686 the whole scheme of insurance became systemized. In that year the " Hand in Hand " was established as a mutual office, the " Sun Fire " in 1710 ; and these were quickly followed by other companies. A slight examination of the amount of money expended in life insurance in Pennsylvania well illustrates the enormous capital invested in this way each year. The population of Pennsylvania maybe set down in round numbers at five million individuals of all ages, embracing about a million of families or heads of fam- ilies. A late report of the State Insurance Commissioner shows that there was paid out by the people of Pennsylvania for life insurance in the last fiscal year up to June 30, 1S91, the extraordinary amount of $ 15,630,984.1s. This is an average of $15 for every family in the State. At the close of the year 1890 the life insurance policies then in force upon the lives of residents of this State amounted to $448,888,715, provided for in 877,430 policies. As we have shown, Philadelphia was the first to lead off in fire and marine insurance, and it was ilso the first city in the colonies to establish a scheme of life insurance. This was done in 1759. In that year a char- ter was granted to "The Corporation for the Relief of Poor and Distressed Presbyterian Ministers and to the Poor and Distressed Widows and Children of Presbyterian Ministers." This company is still in existence, and is known as the oldest life insurance organ- ization in the United States, though its name has been changed to that of "The Presbyterian Annuity and Life Insurance Company." In this year, 1891, there are in Philadelphia, of local companies alone, nineteen fire and marine insxirance organizations, with a capital of fS, 210, 000 and assets of over $30,000,000. There are six mutual companies, with assets of nearly $4,500,000, making a grand aggre- gate of some $34,500,000 of assets held in trust by the Philadelphia fire and marine companies alone, not counting the almost innumera- ble agencies of other companies in the United States. There are besides, seven life companies holding assets footing up some $34,000,000, and in addition to all the home companies there are twenty-six European and two Canadian companies doing business in Philadelphia. Their capital is $32,556,000, and their assets nearly $192,000,000. Again, there are twenty-three Pennsylvania fire and marine companies other than those chartered here, established in Philadelphia, and they show a capital of $3,545,000, with $5,600,000 of assets. The offices of fire and fire and marine companies of other States located in Philadelphia number ninety-nine, representing a capital of $45,744,000 and assets of $100,500,000. Thirty-five life and accident companies of other States have agents here who trade in assets of nearly $450,000,000. The manner of formation of the "Philadelphia Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire," which, as we have stated, was the first fire insurance company in Philadelphia, is interesting in comparison with which such things are managed nowadays. At the centennial meeting of the company, April 12, 1S52, Horace Binney, speaking of the manner of formation, said it was very simple and direct. "Two or three persons of activity and esteem caused to be prepared the articles of association and agreement creating the company and declaring the terms and conditions upon which they would insure the houses and buildings of each other in and near the city of Philadelphia, and against loss by fire, and the extent and limitation of the liability of the association for the loss. These articles of agreement they called a deed of settlement, and it was to be signed at first by all who were willing to insure with the company, and after the first election of directors and treasurer, who were to be chosen annually for the government of the company by all who should in fact insure with them." The " Mutual Assurance Company," for the insurance of houses from loss by fire, was the second company to appear after the Contributionship, for in 1783 it was organized by a number of members of the original company who seceded. The point in dispute was that an additional premium should be demanded on all buildings in contiguity to inflammable trees. The next company to follow was the "Insurance Company of North America," and it had its origin in a meeting held at the State House, Novem- ber 3, 1793. This was the first joint stock company created in America. It was chartered to do all sorts of insurance business, but has confined itself to fire and marine. The "Insurance Company of the State of Pennsylvania" obtained its charter April 18, 1794. The " Mutual Marine Insurance " was inaugurated with the incorporation of the " Union Mutual Insurance Companv," in 1S04. In 1S10 the colored people of Philadelphia opened an office, under the title of the "African Insurance Company of Philadelphia," at 159 Lombard street. This was the first attempt of colored people to establish an insurance company in the United States. The company was, how- ever, never incorporated. It is scarcely necessary at this day to speak of the advantages of fire insurance. Philadelphia is called the City of Homes because so great a proportiou of the inhabitants own the places in which they dwell. After having secured his home the first and most sensible act of the possessor is to insure it, so that if swept away by fire all his savings would not be lost. But the rich man as well as the compar- atively poor man is equally as careful. The business tact which has made him rich teaches him the folly of running any unnecessary risk. It would be impossible to point to any great property owner anywhere throughout the civilized world who leaves his property uninsured. 84 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. INSURANCE. AMERICAN FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY Beginning in 1S10 and rapidly acquiring a business that was limited only by the commercial area anil demands of the country, the American Fire Insurance Company has progressed steadily in popular favor and appreciation, expanding with the country. Year after vear it has gone on piling up its surplus and adding to its reserve. In their last statement the assets of the Company are set American Fire Insurance Compan-i forth as follows: cash, I89.S19.55 ; real estate, #244,473.62 ; bonds and mortgages, $1,236,950.00: stocks and bonds, #[,132,682.07; loans and collateral, #211,700.00 ; ground rents, #7,253.34 ; premiums in course of collection. #62,521.46 ; interests and rents due and accrued, #22,921.54; assets, March 1, 1S91, #3,008,321.58. This statement tells the history of long-continued, careful management ami wise administration, which has made the name of the American Fire Insurance Company the synonym of stability and liberality, not onlv in Philadelphia, but throughout the country. Through the more than eighty years of its history the Company has not only preserved and upheld the high plane of honorable and conscientious dealing, upon which it was established, but it has allowed no deter- ioration of integrity or intelligent direction in the officers who have conducted and administered its affairs. Both in presidents and sec- retaries, as well as its directors, have been men who . 1 re qualified for the position (often serving long apprenticeship in the Company 1. but they have generally been men who have attained prominence and distinction in connection with other imp interests in the community. A good share of the history of Phila- delphia during the past eighty years could be written merely through the continued biographies of the men who have been associated with the American Fire Insurance Com pauy during a period so eventful in the progress, both of the city and nation. This is especially the case with the ten presidents of the Company, who, in many instances, have been closely identified with much relating to the steady onward march of commercial and industrial enter- prise, and the material well-being of the City of Brotherly Love. The officers of the Company since its organization, together with the dates of their terms of office, are as fol- lows : President, William Jones, March 3, 1S10, to Feb. 9, 1813; Guy Bryan, Feb. 9, 18 13, to May 2, 1S15 ; James Van- uxem, May 2, 1815, to May 6, 1817 ; Chandler Price, May 6, 1817, to Dec. 20, 1824 ; Joseph Reed, Dec. 20, 1824, to June 17, 1829; William Davidson, June 17, 1829, to Oct. 27, 1847; Samuel C. Morton, Oct. 27, 1847, to May 13, 1857 ; George Abbott, May [3, [857, to Jan. 3, 1.N60; Thos. R. Maris, Jan. 11, iS6o,to April 25, 1882 ; Thos. H. Mont- gomery, April 25, 1882. Vice-Presidents, Thos. H. Mont- gomery, Nov. 24, 18S0, to April 25, 18S2 ; Chas. P. Perot, Feb. 14, 1S89. Secretaries, Edward Fox, March 3. 1N10, to April 11, 1822; Wm. Jones, April 15, 1S22, to Dec. 7, 1824; Job Bacon, Dec. 23, 1824, to Nov. 16, 1840; Fred- erick F'raley, Nov. 19, 1840, to Oct. 27, 1847 \ Frans D. Tanvier, Oct. 27, 1847, to Oct. 1, 1849; Jos. G. Mitchell, Oct. 1, 1849, to A P ril 2 . l8 5.^ i Thos. R. Maris, April 5, 1855, to Jan. 11, 1S60; A. C. L. Crawford, Jan. 11, 1S60, to July 8, 1S86; Richard Maris, Aug. 2, 1886. Actuary, Jas. B. Young, Nov. 8, 1883. The first Board of Directors con- sisted of Wm. Jones, Jas. Yauuxem. Richard Bache, Jr., John Savage, Thos. McCuen, Jos. Reed, Guy Bryan, John Sergeant, Chandler Price. The present officers and Board of Directors arc : President, Thos. H. Montgomery ; Yice- President, Chas. P. Perot; Secretary, Richard Maris; Ac- tuary, Jas. B. Young. Board of Directors, T. H. Mont- gomery, John T. Lewis, Israel Morris, P. S. Hutchinson, Alexander Biddle, Chas. P. Perot, Jos. E. Gillingham, Samuel Welsh, Chas. S. Whclen and Edward F. Beale.Jr. The first meeting of the gentlemen interested in the Company was held at the Mansion House Hotel, on Third street near Spruce, on January 15, 1S10, and the first meeting of the corporators was held in March following, at the City Hotel, on Second street above Walnut, when the first Board of Directors was elected. The regular busi- ness of the Company was commenced on March 17, 1810, in the office of the first secretary, Edward Fox, who then resided at No. 73 Chestnut street (now No. 2291. A few weeks lacer the office was removed to No. 101 Chestnut street (now Nos 31131111313), which property was pur- chased for the use of the Company, and which is now oc- cupied by the building of the Bank of the Republic. After remaining on Chestnut street for thirty years, in Novem- ber, 1840, the office of the Company was removed to Nos. 70 and 72 Walnut street (now Nos. 308 and 310). The property was bought in 183S, and under the direction of Job Bacon, the secretary, the modern building was erected at a large expense. But many changes have been made to it since then ; additions constructed and all modern improvements and conveniences adde i. The interior, we might say , has been wholly remodeled. The office on the second floor, before the improvements were made, was the first office of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. In 1885 the whole of the first floor was converted into one office, which the American Fire Insurance Company now occupies. It is impossible in our limited space to sketch this Company with the justice it deserves, and will close by quoting a paragraph from the London Review, which, coming from a leading foreign authority, shows the standing of the Company abroad. It says : "The po of the American Fire Insurance Company, of Philadelphia exceptionally powerful one, and one that commends itself to the approval of "all impartial critics. The Company is one as to the presence of which in this country no exception, as far as we are aware, has ever been taken by any fire underwriter in the United Kingdom." PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. INSURANCE. PENNSYLVANIA FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY One of the oldest and most successful fire insurance companies in this city is the "Pennsylvania," which was incorporated in March, 1825, and commenced active operations in the following month. There was at that time only one company in Philadelphia engaged exclusively in a general fire insurance business, and the projectors of the Pennsylvania, realizing the opportunity for increased facilities in that direction, issued a formal public prospectus, showing that an ad- ditional company was needed and stating their determination to organize such an association, with a capital of f 200,000, di- vided into shares of $100 each, and to apply to the Legislature for an Act of Incorporation. The project found immediate favor, and one hundred gen- tlemen subscribed for twenty shares of stock each. Robert A. Caldcleugh was elected the first President, February 4, 1825, and declining a reuomi- nation, was succeeded, Sep- tember 8, 1835, by Jonathan Smith, who filled the office un- til his death. Quintin Camp- bell was elected December 10, 1839 ; resigned the position after several years of official service, and was succeeded by Jonathan Patterson June 6, 1S53. He held the place until July, 1S65, when Daniel Smith, Jr., was chosen his successor. Mr. Smith resigned in Febru- ary, 1873, and was immediately succeeded by the late John Dev- ereux, whose death occurred in 1890. Col. R. Dale Benson, for several years Vice-President of the Company, was elected to vacancy August 19, 1S90, and has since discharged the duties of the responsible office with great abilitv. The management of the company is now vested in the following able corps of officers : President. R. Dale Ben- sou ; Vice-President, John L. Thomson ; Secretarv, W. Gard- ner Crowell ; Assistant Secre- tary, Charles W. Merrill ; Gen- eral Agent, John H. Davis; Solicitor, Geo. Tucker Bispham. Col. Benson is a native Phila- dclphian, born December 6, 1841. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in the class of i860, before he was nineteen years of age ; and was among the earliest to respond to President Lincoln's first call for troops, entering the service as a private and emerging therefrom as Brevet Major. After having served for a con- siderable period as a director, first of the Insurance Company of the State of Pennsylvania and afterwards of the Franklin Fire Insurance Company, he was elected Vice-President of the Pennsyl- vania Fire in February, 18S1, continuing in that position until elected President. Vice-President Thomson has been connected with the company since March 7, 1S64, having in the meantime served as clerk, assistant secretarv and secretary, his promotions being entirely due to his ability and the careful and faithful discharge of his many duties. Secretary Crowell entered the service of the company in October, 1S73 ! was elected assistant secretarv January 10, 1881, and secretary, September 1, 1890. Assistant Secretary Merrill was elected to the office at the same time. He has been surveyor of the company for many years. Under conservative and careful management the business has prospered, and the company early secured the confidence of the community. Its charter was made perpetual and the capital stock was placed at |200,ooo, with shares of {100 each, at which figure it remained stationary for a consider- able period, but at length it was increased to $400, 000, paid up, where it has since remained. One hundred shares of the stock was all that could be owned by any one person and it was stipulated that in all such cases the par- ties should be citizens or resi- dents of the United States. So great was the popularity of the movement that when the first installment of $10 per shaie was paid in, February 16, 1S25, the stock commanded a pre- mium of ten per cent, on the cash payment made. The area of operations was mostly con- fined to Philadelphia and vicin- ity for several years, but not- withstanding this, the growth was steady and substantial, and by the close of the year 1845 the assets stood at #58 r ,436. In the great conflagration in Bos- ton in 1872, the Pennsylvania Fire was a heavy sufferer, its losses thereby having been about $550,000, the result of which was to impair the capital stock {133,141. In January following an assessment on the stock was ordered by the directors to make good the deficit. It was promptly re- sponded to and the company went forward with renewed energy and increased prosper- ity, so that at the end of the half century of its existence (1875) the assets stood at {1,559,104, and the net surplus at $375,665- The growth of the company from the latter period to the present has been most marked. The official report, issued in January, 1891, shows: Gross assets, {3,485,310.45 ; net sur- plus over capital and all liabili- ties, $1,440,307.72 ; net amount of risks in force, {169,194,491 ; net cash received for premiums (all fire) during 1S90, {1,189,- 561.13; total income received (luring the year, including in- terest, {1,351,982.71; net amount paid for losses in same period, {667,687.66 ; total ex- penditures, {1,148,161.40. An item in this connection deserv- ing of attention is the ratio of surplus to the total assets. It suggests at once a high order of managerial skill in both the underwriting and financial de- partments. From the organi- zation of the company to De- cember 31, 1890, it received in premiums the grand total of 3,988 ; and paid in cash divi- urance Company {19,019,140; paid for losses, $11,3! deuds, {2,469,000. All over the country the name of the Pennsylvania Fire, whose handsome offices are at No. 510 Walnut street, is the synonym for integrity and solidity in the underwriting work, and this is the largest encomium which can be passed upon the company's official direction. Its present location is that where the Corporation was organ- ized and commenced business in 1825. The building, though altered, in the Egyptian style, the only example of the kind in the city, is partially of original construction. S6 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. INSURANCE. FRANKLIN FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY The charter of the Franklin Fire Insurance Company of Philadelphia, was obtained from the Legislature in 1829, and was approved by Governor J. Andrew Shulze, April 22, of that year. The Commissioners for receiving subscriptions BS SB ■ as ft SS 5 I IBI II I Frankl Company for the stock were Charles Graff, Benjamin W. Richards, John K. Kane, Robert Toland, Levi Ellmaker, Robert Taylor, James Schott, Peter Hertzog, Thomas Cave, Charles N. Bancker, Samuel Patton and Robert O'Neill. All those Com- missioners are now dead. The books were opened May 13, 1829, at the house of Daniel Rubicam, No. 20 South Sixth street, and the stock was so quickly taken up that they were closed the following day. A meeting of the stockholders to elect directors, at which Richard Willing was made president and Charles Dutilh, secretary, was held on June S. The Company began business June 25, 1S29, at No. 163 ,'j Chest- nut street, under a lease from Stephen Girard signed by him- self. In 1844 the increasing business demanded the renting of the adjoining property, No. 163. The numbering was soon changed by City Councils, and those buildings became 435 and 437. May 1, 1S73, the Franklin moved to its present locality No. 421 Walnut street. They had purchased the prop- erty and adapted the building to the wants of the Company. The first perpetual policy issued by this Company is still in existence, and was made to Alexander Henry, July 20, 1829. It has been transferred to various parties but has never been allowed to lapse. Since the year 1S31, the Frank- lin, without a single exception, has made an an- nual dividend, the yearly average being 20 per cent. It is doubtful if a corporation exists any- where that can make as great a showing. The stock of this Company is always in demand. There have been heavy losses on account of fires, but its assets have nevertheless steadily increased, until they are now largely in excess of $3,000,000. The first agency planted by the Franklin was at Lexington, Kentucky, in 1831. This method of extending business was at that time crude, and the Franklin must be given the credit of being the pioneer in a system that has grown to one of vast proportions. John Tilford, a merchant of Lexington, was appointed the first Agent. The Lexington agency was followed up with the opening of offices at Trenton and Newark, New Jersey ; York and Pittsburg, Pennsylvania ; Richmond, Virginia ; Nashville, Tennessee ; Bal- timore, Maryland ; and in numerous other cities and towns in the L T nited States. The progress of the Company in its more KB than sixty years' existence has been onward and upward, and remarkably successful. The names Bof many former Philadelphians of note grace the records of the Company. Among them appear Hon. Henry C. Carey, Charles N. Bancker. Eli K. Price, Clement C. Biddle, Judge Cadwalader, Dr. Chapman, George Fales, Samuel Grant, Judge Kane, John McAllister, Jr., Thomas I. Wharton and Richard Willing. The present officers and directors of the Com- pany are : President, James W. McAllister ; Vice- President, Francis P. Steel ; 2d Vice-President, George F. Reger ; Secretary, Ezra T. Cresson ; Assistant Secretary, Samuel W. Kay. Directors : Jas. W. McAllister, Alfred G. Baker, Alfred Fitler, Francis P. Steel, Geo. A. Heyl, Geo. Fales Baker, M. D., John Wright, Chas. M. Swain, Chas. W. Potts and John Sailer. The assets of the Company on January 1, 1891, were: Mortgages Real Estate . Loans on Collaterals Honds and Stock Cash . Total Capital Insurance Reserve Unpaid Losses, Di Net Surplus . Total Assets, January 1, iS 308,150.00 J3,2"3,-304 S 400,000 00 985,210.95 s 3. 2I 3i 2 3°-4° S7 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. INSURANCE. GIRARD FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY The history of this Company and that of its honored President, Alfred S. Gillett, is as inseparable almost as the bark and the tree. He was its originator and has continued with it through its success- ful career without once severing his connection. Not only did he organize the Company but wrote and obtained its charter. He was the first Secretary and Treasurer, and the great success it has attained is largeh- due to his untiring efforts and energetic, yet conseryative management. Mr. Gillett was among the earliest, if not the actual pioneer in the starting of a " general insurance agency system," among the companies he represented being the Connecticut Mutual Life. His business assumed such large pro- portions that he conceiyed the idea of establishing a journal on his own account, to be devoted to the interests of the insurance busi- ness. Accordingly he issued, on March 6, 1S50, the initial number of " The Insurance Advocate and Journal," the first insurance publication ever issued, either in the United States or elsewhere. The paper was readable and instructive, useful and prosperous, soon achieving a large circulation. Owing to a desire to enlarge the field of his activity he disposed of his journal and came to Philadelphia in the same year, where he began the business of underwriting, for which he was so well fitted by his previous experience. He drew around him such strong Philadelphians as Hon. Joel Jones, first President of the Girard College ; Chief Justice George W. Woodward, Judges Loring and Strong, Hon. Judge Cunningham, Hon. Furman Sheppard, Messrs. Swain, Abel and Simmons, of the Public Ledger, and many others of similar worth and reputation ; with their assistance he organized the Girard Fire and Marine Insurance Company, with a capital stock of £200,000, divided into 2000 shares of a par value of f 100. Hon. Joel Jones was chosen President ; Hon. George W. Woodward, Vice-President, and Mr. Gillett, Secretary and Treasurer. The stockholders included several other men of the same high standard, among them being Thomas Craven, Hon. Chambers McKibben, Hon. Furman Sheppard, Geueral Reuben G. Hale. Hon. Sylvester Dana, Hon. S. D. Shoemaker, Hon. John M. Cummings, of Wilkes-Barre, and Messrs. M. C. and C. I. DuPont, the well-known powder manufac- turers, whose works are located upon the Braudvwine, near Wil- mington, Delaware. The capital, as we said above, was originally $200,000, but later it was increased to $300,000. The stock recently sold at between $580 and $390. With such an able set of men at its head the success of the new Company could not be doubted and its business grew rapidly. It would be useless to follow its movements in detail, as year after year brought to it additional prominence and ever-increasing business. It was held in the highest esteem and never once did it fail to meet its obligations promptly and to the entire satisfaction of the insured. We will glance for a minute at its condition in 1875. Many changes have been made in its man- agement ; some of those who were instrumental in its formation had passed to the world beyond ; others had severed their connec- tions by resigning, but the old pioneer, Mr. Gillett, still remained in harness, and we find him one step higher in the ladder which is said to lead to fame and fortune. He was the Company's Vice- President. Hon. Robert R. Deardon, in an issue (November 15, 1875) of his United States Review, under the heading "The Old Girard," after saying that "the fine sense of honor and the methodical, conservative and intelligent manner in which the old time companies of this city have transacted their business in the past, have given them endurable prestige all over the country and made them the synonyms for strength, good faith and general excellence everywhere," pays this just tribute to the Company. "Among these corporations stands conspicuously the Girard Fire Insurance Company. Its history dates from the year 1853, and furnishes a record of uniform growth, success and honor. It is justly regarded as one of the staunch and progressive companies of the country, and as embodying in its management some of the ablest talent in the profession. It has, as a Company, stood out boldly upon a basis of independent thought and action, ignoring all alliances or combinations, and depending entirely upon its resources, inherent ability and the well-known repute of its officers and direc- tors for its progress, and the results have been to secure for it a very large and extensively scattered business, which, notwithstanding its proportions, has enabled it for years past to show a ratio of gross losses to gross earnings since organization that is hardly equalled on the score of lightness by any company in the land whose career extends over a series of years. That ratio. to-day is only about 47 per cent., and we know of nothing on record which can equal the exhibit. "The assets of upward of $1,000,000 are invested in superior securities, and in the acceptance of risks the greatest caution and ample remunerative rates of premium are rigidly insisted upon. No company in the country battles more strenuously than the Girard for the maintenance intact of all those wise and conservative fundamental principles which have made the underwriting pro- fession important and honorable as a factor in the business world." This complimentary, yet wholly deserved, article was published sixteen years ago, and what was true then of the Company is true to-day, only, however, to a greater extent. The upward course of its progress has never once for a moment been checked, and it con- tinues to hold the position in that line of business it assumed at its inception — the lead. Consider for a moment its last annual state- ment, issued January 1, 1S91, and the truth of our assertion is readily apparent. Under the head of "Investments and Securities," we find these items : Real estate (unincumbered), $298,800 ; bonds and mortgages, first liens, $715,800; United States bonds, $87,840 ; State, city and county bonds, $56,650 ; railroad and other securities, $326,979.75 ; interest and rents accrued, $16,947.90 ; cash on deposit and in office, $82,586.87 ; total assets, $1,586,604.52 ; re-insurance reserve, $656,022.05 ; all other liabilities, $60,712.07 ; total liabilities, ?7'°. 735-02. Thus the Company has a surplus of $868,869.50. If more evidence was needed to demonstrate the financial success of the Company it could be found in the simple statement that the dividends of the Company aggregate 24 per cent, annually. The Girard has two offices in this city, the principal one being at the northeast corner of Seventh and Chestnut streets, and a branch office at 138 South Fourth street. The management has undergone many changes since 1875, and Vice-President Gillett, of that year, is now President Gillett. The remaining officers and Board of Directors are : Vice-President and Treasurer, James B. Alvord ; Secretary, Edwin F. Merrill ; Assistant Secretary, Julius B. Allen ; Directors, Alfred S. Gillett, Furman Sheppard, Thomas MacKellar, Henry F. Kenncy, John Supplee, Silas Verkes.Jr., James B. Alvord, Chas. P. Turner, M.D., Chas. M. Sloan, John C. I.owry, Simon Gratz. They are all gentlemen of extensive business experience, conservative in management, yet energetic and pro- gressive, and to the hearty aid thev lent their old and honored president is due largely the prosperous condition of the Company, whose future cannot but be as bright and successful as has its past. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA'S. INSURANCE. ALFRED S.GIl.LETT This article would be incomplete were we not to glance at the history of President Gillett previous to the inception of the com- pany. Although for fortv years a resident of Philadelphia, he is not a native of this city, but of New England. He was born in the parish of Gilead, town of Hebron, Connecticut, March 17, 1S1S, and was the sou of Rev. Nathan Gillett, who was a pastor there for about twenty-five years. His ancestors, both on the paternal and maternal side, were among the earliest colonists of New Eng- land. He is a descendant of the seventh generation of Nathan Gillett, who, with his brother Jonathan had emigrated from near Dorchester, England [whence the family had long before fled from France to avoid religious persecution], and settled at Dorchester, Massachusetts, not many years after the landing of the Pilgrims. From here the family scattered in the course of time to various parts of the country, the ancestors of our subject locating, prior to 1700, in Windsor, Conn. On his mother's side Mr. Gillett is descended from the Jones family, famous in the colonial and Rev- olutionary annals as well as in the late important events in the country's history. Among them was Anson Jones, second Presi- dent of the Republic of Texas, who graduated as a physician in Philadelphia. President Gillett's grandfather was an officer [commissioned by George II.] in the colonial war, and also served under General Israel Putnam in the Revolutionary War. Colonel John Jones, the common ancestor of the American family, sat in 164S, as one of the judges of Charles I. of England, and was married in 1623 to a sister of Oliver Cromwell. On the restoration of Charles II, he was put to death on the 17th of October, 1670. His son, William Jones, who married Miss Hannah Baton, daughter of the Hon. Theophilus Eaton, first Governor of the Colony of New Haven. Connecticut, came to America with his father-in-law some years after the execution of his father. He and his wife are both buried in New Haven, under the same stone with Governor Eaton. His son Isaac, who died in New Haven in 1741, left ten sons and five daughters, one of the former being the father of Captain Samuel Jones, an heroic officer in the French and Indian and Revolutionary Wars. The Captain had ten children, and from this branch of the family was descended Hon. Joel Jones and Hon. Anson Jones, both of whom have been herein before referred to. Lydia Jones, daughter of Captain Samuel Jones, an old colonial officer, married the Rev. Nathan Gillett, father of our subject ; she was a noble Christian woman, highly esteemed for her many virtues and sterling character. Rev. Nathan Gillett presided over the church at Gilead from 1799 to 1824, removing to Western New York about 1826, where he continued in the ministry many years. He returned to the land of his fathers subsequently, where he died in 1S45 ; his wife followed him exactly a score of years later. Two sons of this union are all that arc left of the family, viz : Ralph, residing in Hartford, Connecticut, and Alfred S., the subject of this sketch. The latter went to New York with his parents, but later returned to Connecticut to finish his education, and subse- quently entered the counting house of an elder brother, remaining there until 1837. He then went to Georgia, becoming book- keeper for a large mercantile firm, who, some time later, desired to locate a branch house in Texas. They offered young Gillett an interest, but he declined and returned to New England, where he invested his savings in such merchandise as he deemed salable in the Republic of Texas. This was in 1840, four years after the State had revolted from Mexico, and the war with that country was still in progress. The tenure of property was uncertain ami business of all kinds hazardous, but Mr. Gillett with his characteristic energy, was successful in his ventures and realized handsomely from his enterprise. During this time he made the acquaintance of Samuel Houston, then President of the Republic, and to this da)- he delights in relating what he saw in Texas in these early days, and of its chief official, of whom he relates many pleasing and interesting iucidents. Upon Mr. Gillett's return to Georgia, where he continued the mercantile business, he was appointed post- master of the district in which he dwelt. Later he returned to Connecticut and engaged in the same pursuit in the region of his nativity, and which was near the birthplace of the wife of his youth, who was the eldest daughter of General Asa Fuller, of Somers, Connecticut. A son and daughter were the result of this union, who, with their dearly beloved mother, are long since deceased. He afterwards located in Chicopee, then a part of what is now the city of Springfield, Mass., and after spending some time in the law office of Hon. Chas. R. Ladd, ex-auditor of the Com- monwealth of Massachusetts, he entered, in 1S47, upon the vocation to which the greater part of his life has been devoted — that of in- surance. He was among the earliest, if not the actual pioneer in the starting of a " General Insurance Agency System." We have shown in the beginning of this article his early connection with insurance and how he was instrumental in organizing the Girard Fire and Marine Insurance Company, with which he has been continuously connected since, and but little remains to be added. Mr. Gillett is a Republican in principle, but in no sense a politician. He has been a keen and intelligent student of the country's governmental principles, its history, social condition, resources and natural characteristics, its financial and industrial institutions, its scenery and famous places. As a traveller he has covered every portion of the United States, and a large portion of Europe. This love of travel, so thoroughly indulged, has doubt- less done much to counteract the wear and tear of business re- sponsibilities ancMias preserved for him a constitution and physi- cal vigor and the appearance of almost youthful force. Domestic in his tastes and habits notwithstanding his love for travel. He married his second wife a number of years ago, shortly after re- turning from a trip to the Pacific coast, in 1SS1 . She was a Miss Ella Gratz, daughter of the late Edward Gratz, of this city. En- joying the highest social relations, she now presides over her beautiful and hospitable home at Wallingford, made attractive by her Christian character and the happiness and esteem of her hus- band. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PH1LADELPHIANS. INSURANCE. THE DELAWARE INSURANCE COMPANY Wttiti The " Old Delaware Mutual" is a household word in Philadelphia. Founded in 1835, it at once took its place of prominence among the Fire and Marine Companies of the country. It has never dealt in technicalities — its claims have always been promptly met, and its large assets, and the prominence of its direction, have always given that certainty which is so important in an Insurance Company ; therefore its motto of "Just, Prompt, Certain," which surrounds the head of the Delaware Chief (the Company's trade mark) has been fully earned. The assets of the Company on January 1, of the present year, amounted to $1,504,386, all invested in the most careful manner. The Directors of the Delaware are all gentlemen who have been prominent and successful as merchants, bankers and manufacturers, and an examination of the list shows a strength which at once inspires confidence. The Company has its principal office in its own building a handsome brownstone structure at the southeast corner of Walnut and Third streets. It also owns a valuable building where its business is conducted in Pittsburg, and its agencies are in all the principal towns from Maine to Texas, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. BOARD OF DIRECTORS. TATTNAI.I, PAULDING, President. WILLIAM C. HOUSTON, Of late firm of Houston & Robinson, Wool Merchants ; late President Union League, Philadelphia. H. FRANK ROBINSON, Of late firm of Preaut & Robinson ; Acting Vice-Con- sul of Russia. HENRY P. SLOAN, Of W. W. Sloan & Co., Cot- ton Commission. JOHN H. MICHENER, Firm of J. H. Michener & Co Provision Packers ; Pres. of Bank of North America, Philadelphia JOHN H. CATHERWOOD, Late of John H. Catherwood & Co., Tea Merchants. N. PARKER SHORTRIDGE, Late of Shortridge, Borden ,S; Co., Dry Goods; Director Pennsylvania R. R. ANDREW WHEELER, Firm of Morris, Wheeler ,^i Co.. Iron Merchants. JOEL J. BAII.Y, Firm of Joel J. Baily & Co., Wholesale Notions. JAMES BATEMAN, Late of Justice, Bateman & Co., Wool Merchants. RICHARD A. LEWIS, Late of J. E. Caldwell & Co., Jewelers. DANIEL DON! IVAN, 1 ,1111 ofC. II 1 iarden & Co., Hats. JAMES S. MOORE, Secretary and Treasurer of Gloucester M'fg Co. fUSTUS C. STRAWBRIDGE, Firm of Strawbridge & Clo- thier, Dry Goods. FRANCIS B. REEVES, Firm of Reeves, Parvin & Co., Grocers. ROBERT SHOEMAKER, Firm of Robert Shoemaker & Co., Drugs. MALCOLM LLOYD, Vice-President Atlantic Re- fining Co. B. FRANK CLYDE, Firm of Win. P. Clyde & Co., Shippers. EUGENE DELANO, linn of Brown Brothers & Co., Bankers. EDWARD LONGSTRF.TH, SAMUEL CASTNER, JR. Firm of Castner & Cur WILLIAM F. READ, Firm of Win. F. Read & Co., Dry Goods. FRANCIS M. BROOKE, Firm of F. M. & H. Brooke, Grain Merchants; President Chamber of Commerce. RICHARD II. DOWNING, Of late firm of Morris, Jones & Co., Iron Merchants. DANIEL BAUGH, President Haugh X Sous Co., WILLIAM H. CASTLE, Firm of Edwards & Castle. WILLIAM P. HENSZEY, Firm of Burnham, Parry, Williams & Co. HENRY M. DECHERT, Attorney-at-Law ; President Commonwealth Title Insu- rance and Trust Co. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. INSURANCE. THE SPRING GARDEN INSURANCE COMPANY This Company was incorporated by a special Act of the Assem- bly, April 28, 1S35. The first meeting of the Board of Directors was held at the house of Daniel Holz, when Miles N. Carpenter was elected Presi- dent and Samuel Hart, Secre- tary. The Company com- menced business August 29, 1835, in offices at the south- west corner of Sixth and Wood streets, afterwards removing to the northwest corner of Sixth and Wood streets. The original capital of the Com- pany was $120,000, which has been increased from time to time, until now it amounts to #400, 000. In 1SS1 the Com- pany again removed their offi- ces to the handsome building now occupied, No. 431 Walnut street, which they had pur- chased and rebuilt as shown in the engraving. The progress of the Com- pany has been continuous and creditable to the management. It has promptly met every obligation and shows a hand- some surplus over all liabili- ties. To Mr. John H. Dohnert, recently deceased, for thirty years President of the Com- pany, is largely due the suc- cess and prosperity the Com- pany has attained. Morton McMichael also filled the office of President. The company did no agen- cy business until 1883, but since that year a large number of agencies have been estab- lished, employing from three hundred to four hundred agents, who are scattered throughout Maine, Massachu- setts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Mary- land, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Tennessee, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minne- sota, Missouri, Arkansas, Ne- braska, Kansas, Indian Terri- tory, Texas, Wyoming, Colo- rado, New Mexico, Utah Terri- tory, and the District of Columbia. If further proof was required to show the success and prosperity of the company, the fact that it has paid annual dividends of sixteen per cent, since 1876, would be ample testimony. The company does not depend alone upon its income from insurance to pay its dividends or increase its surplus. Its ability to add to its account is due as well to the management of its interest account. The company, while possessing a very broad charter, transacts only a fire insurance business. At no time in the history of the company has its management Spring Garden Fire Insurance Company been more capable than it is now. The officers and directors are among the ablest business men of the city. A glance at the list will tell the story, iPresident, William G. Warden ; Vice-President, Charles Roberts; Secretary, G. B. Armitage ; Assistant Secretary, Clarence R. Porter; Board of Directors, W. G. Warden, John E. Gracff, Samuel B. Huey, Charles Roberts, W. W. Gibbs, John B. Stetson, Joseph M. Gaz- zam, W. W. Kurt/., Samuel T. Fox, Harry A. Berwind, J. Wesley Supplee, Josiah F. Bailey, John M. Shrigley, Henry L. Davis. Mr. Warden is a director and largely inter- ested in the Standard Oil Com- pany ; Mr. Roberts is a retired manufacturer, and represents the Ninth Ward of the city in Common Council. The widely- known and popular secretary of the company, Mr. Armitage, is an efficient officer. His able assistant, Mr. Porter, is one of the most widely and favorably known insurance men in the city, and has been in " har- ness " for thirteen years. Mr. Graeff is a member of the firm of Graeff, Wilcox & Co., miners and coal shippers; Mr. Huey, one of the prominent lawyers of Philadelphia, is also soli- citor for the company ; Mr. Gibbs, of the United Gas and Improvement Company ; Mr. Stetson, President of the John B. Stetson Company ; Mr. Gazzam, a lawyer, and ex-State Senator ; Mr. Kurtz, banker ; Mr. Fox, real estate agent; Mr. Berwind, of the Berwind- White Coal Company ; Mr. Supplee, President of the Corn Exchange National Bank, and wholesale flour merchant ; Mr. Bailey, iron broker and con- tractor; Mr. Shrigley, retired manufacturer, and President of the Williamson Industrial School ; Mr. Davis, of the Atlantic Refining Company. The assets and liabilities of the company, December 31, 1890, were as follows : Assets, real estate, $201,000; mort- gages, $490,265.44 ; stocks and bonds, $355 ,050 ; collateral loans, $208,150; premiums in course of collection, $34,396.92 ; interest due and accrued, $11,863.19; rent- due and accrued, $349; ca sh > $60,201.23; total assets, $1,361,275.78; liabilities, re-insurance reserve iterm), $196,054.51; re-insurance reserve (perpetual), $381,069.23; losses unpaid (not duel, $34,256.16; all other claims, $823.05 ; total, $612,- 202.95; capital, $400,000 ; surplus over all liabilities, $349>°7 2 - 8 3; total liabilities, $1,361,275.78. The losses paid amount to upwards of $2,600,000, and dividends to stockholders, $1,673,215. The Pennsylvania Company for Insurances on Lives and Granting Annuities 92 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADFJ.PIIIANS. INSURANCE. THE PENNSYLVANIA COMPANY FOR INSURANCES ON LIVES AND GRANTING ANNUITIES The oldest institution of the kind in the United States, begin- ning c;irlv in the present century. ( in t lie mil of December, 1809, .it the Merchant's Coffee House, then located on the west side ofSccond street, below Chestnut, at the corner of Gold street, a meeting of citizens was held, called by a number of Philadelphia gentlemen for the formation of such a company. Among the points agreed upon at this meeting-were : 1st. The Company is to he named or styled. The Pennsylvania Company for Insurances on Lives and Granting Annuities, etc. 2d. The stock to consist of $500,000 to be divided into shares of $100 each. 3d. The following persons, namely: William Jones. Patrick Gernon, John Warder, John Welsh, Augustin Bousquet, William New bold and Jacob Shoemaker, shall be a Committee or temporary Board of Directors for drafting the articles of Association, organiz- ing the Company, and reporting thereon with all convenient dis- patch to a meeting of the subscribers to be held for that purpose. At subsequent meetings more than the amount of the capita] stock was subscribed for, a Board of Directors chosen and a com- mittee appointed to obtain from the Legislature a charter of incor- poration. It was provided that if the committee failed to get the charter from the Legislature, subscribers to the stock could with- draw their subscriptions if they so desired. The House of Repre- sentatives in January, 1 S 10, refused the application for the charter and a number of subscribers thereupon withdrew. The remaining, however, under the name of the Pennsylvania Company for Assur- ances on Lives, Granting Annuities and Reversions, persisted in their efforts and obtained a charter which was approved by the Governor March 10, 1812. By this charter the Company was styled The Pennsylvania Company for Insurances on Lives and Granting Annuities, and this name it still retains. March 17, 1812, thestock- holders electedjoseph Ball the first President of the Company, and on the 27th of the same month Jacob Shoemaker was chosen Ac- tuary. On June 17, 1812, James Paul was elected President, retiring January 20, 1S13. January [3, 1 S 13, the stockholders at the Merchant's Coffee House, named the following as the Board of Directors: James Paul, Patrick Gernon, Joseph Peace, Israel Whelan, John Boylen, Samuel D. Vorke, Lewis D. Carpenter, John Clayton, Joshua I.ongstreth, Jeremiah Warden, Jr., Samuel Hodg- den, Cadwalader Evans and Joseph Huddell. On the 20th of Janu- ary the same year, the Board elected Samuel Hodgden, as the third President of the Company. It -was resolved by the Board 011 the 1st of April 1813, that the business should be carried on at the house of Jacob Shoemaker, the Actuary, and the President was in- structed to obtain a strong box to contain the papers and that this box should be kept in the Philadelphia Bank. The Company sold the first securities and effected the first insurance on the 10th of June, 1S13. In September of the same year they leased the house No. 72 South Second street. The front and back parlors on the first floor only were used for the business of the Company, the re- mainder of the house being rented out to the Actuary who resided therein. The first divide, being four per cent. 011 the amount of capital paid in, was declared July 3, 1815. The property on the north side of Chestnut street, between Fifth and Sixth streets, then No. 173, now 509, was purchased in 1817, and therein the Company built a fire proof vault for their books and papers, and the following year they removed there all their business from the old office on Second street. At the close of the year 1S25, they removed from Chestnut street to the northwest corner of Walnut and Third. Up to 1830, the business was confined to the Insurance on Lives and granting Annuities, and in investing the money, all transactions being conducted under the original charter. The only supplement to this charter at this time was that approved April 8, 1829, which merely enlarged the number and character of securities in which they were permitted to invest their funds. February 4, 1830, the Board of Directors appointed a committee to consider the subject of receiving deposits in trust, that is, receiving money from persons and carrying out and executing such trusts as those depositing the money should designate. The committee declared it was expedient for the Company to enter into this business. The report was adopted and the President and Solicitor were instructed to take the opinion of Messrs. Horace Biuncy and John Sergeant, as to the power of the Company to so act under its charter and the supple- ment. The increase in business now demanded greater office accom- modations. They were first inclined to obtain No. 70 South Third street, owned by Stephen Girard, but they decided that the rent asked was too high and chose the house immediately adjoining on the south, beingNo. 72, now 138. In May, 1830, they removed thereto all their effects. Messrs. Binn clared the right ol the Companj to enter upon the trust nd the stockholders. indorsed the recommendatio 1 il their meeting January 11. 1831. But at an adjourned meeting held November 3, [832, it was resolved thai il Company to go into the Trust business and that the matte- definitely postponed. Although the subject was frequently brought before the Board nothing -was actually done until Novembers, 1835. when a committee was appointed to apply to the Legislatun supplement to the charter authorizing a Trust business. The fol- lowing year such a supplement was approved by the Governor. Under it the Company is allowed to receive property, real and personal, in trust and to accept trusts of any description. The courts can appoint the Company to the office of trustee, assignee, guardian and committee of lunatics. The trust business grew so rapidly that it was not long before it was the chief business of the Company. In 1840 the offices were again removed, the Company renting from the Philadelphia Saving Fund Society the building they had therefore occupied 011 the south side of Walnut above Third street, No. 66. The lease was for ten years at a rental of $ I, 200 per year. At the expiration of the ten years the lease was re- newed for a similar term, the Company to pay an additional rent interest on the amount expended for certain improvements to the front of the building guaranteed by the Saying Trust Society. ( In the 26th of March, 1853, an act giving the Company the right to act as executor and administrator of decedents' estates was approved by the Governor. Up to 1S66 the highest semi-annual dividend had been four per cent., but during the last half of that \ ear they declared a dividend of five per cent, and an extra dividend of three per cent, on the capital stock. In 1857 they purchased the build- ing in which they were located, No. 66 now 304 Walnut street, and two years later tore it down and erected upon its site a new struc- ture to be used by it alone. The Board of Directors held their first meeting in the new building November 8, 1S59. February 27, 1863, they were empowered by the Legislature to increase the capital stock to $l,ooo,ooo and each stockholder was given as many shares of the new stock as he then held of the old. In 1869 the Board of Directors, under the advice of a committee appointed by them, introduced a new plan of administration by which the affairs of each department, the Trust department, that of Insurances on Lives and Granting Annuities, anil that of individual depositors were kept separate. This system is still practiced. In 1873 the Company removed into still more spacious quarters, No. 431 Chest- nut street, having constructed a building adjoining the Farmer's and Mechanic's Bank. The business continued to grow with such rapidity that even in this supposedly large house the room became cramped. In [888 the Company obtained the property. Nos. 315. '17, '10, '21 Chestnut street, the site being then occupied by the American Hotel. They pulled down the old hotel building and erected their present commodious and magnificent structure into which they removed on the 7th day of July, [890. The Company's Burglar-proof Vaults have been constructed at great expense after the designs ami under the supervision of the highest engineering talent, and are believed in compactness of workmanship ami im penetrability to afford entire security against loss by burglary, robbery, fire, or accident, unsurpassed if not unequalled by any- work which now exists. Standing apart from any other structure, they are daily and nightly inspected on all sides, above and below, during every hour. The safes in these vaults are constructed in the most perfect manner, and furnished with Vale Locks of the most improved character. The outside doors of the vaults have the Holmes Time-Lock, which after once closing, are proof against re-opening till next morning, when the clock performs its duty. The office of the Company is guarded day and night by a large f< >rce of watchmen, and the most effective system established to secure the faithful performance of their duties. Every convenience is furnished safe renters in the way of desks, writing materials, etc., in adjoining rooms, where they may safely and privately cut cou- pons, examine papers, etc. To lady customers they (■Iter a room with desks especially for their convenience. There is no more imposing structure among the many handsome buildings erected within recent years than that at present occupied by this company. It is fitted with all modern appliances and conveniences. It is erected in the most substantial manner of gray stone, with polished granite pillars. The whole effect is exceedingly handsome. The following is the list of Presidents since the inception of the Company : Joseph Ball. James Paul. Samuel Hodgden. Samuel Vorke. Condy Raguet, Jacob Sperry, Robert M. Patterson, William Boyd, Thomas Astlcy. Hyman ('.rat/., Charles Dutilh, Lindlcv Smyth. Present Capital, S2.000.000: Surplus, $1,200,000; Assets Jan., 1891, 511,044,953.39: Par Value Shares, $100; Market Value PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHLLADELPHIANS. INSURANCE. THE NEW HOME OF THE PENN MUTUAL The Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company has moved into its new building on Chestnut street, and there certainly is not a financial institution in the city that has a more elegant or commodious home. In fact among the many imposing edifices with which various insurance and financial companies have in recent years been beautifying the business streets of Philadelphia, there is none more striking or better adapted to the purposes for which it is intended than this magnificent new structure of Philadelphia's favorite life insurance company. The building has a frontage of 77.4/4 feet, and a depth of 216 feet to Chant street. The front is eight stories in height, and used for office purposes. The rear portion, on Chant and Kelly streets, which is occupied exclusively by the Penn Mutual Life, is four stories in height only, and constructed of brick, with brown stone trimmings. The general style of the front is classical. The material used in the facade is white marble, rock faced and tooled. The front is broken at the western entrance, over which rises an imposing tower, projecting 10 ' 4 feet from the rest of the building, the line of which is the same as that of the Record building to the east. The line of the tower entrance is a continuation of that of the City Trust building to the west. The recessed portion of the front rises in three square piers 32 feet high and 5 'i feet wide. The piers are spanned b3 - arches, and the spaces filled with heav}' plate glass, supported by very light iron bars. Door- ways through the arches give entrance to an apartment 35 feet high, 55 feet wide and 100 deep, admirably adapted either for one, or, by the use of a partition, for two stores. The upper floors are divided for offices, there being two suits of six offices each, divided by a light well on each floor. A marble gable rises 32 feet over the recessed portion of the front, and graceful ornamentations relieve the otherwise classic outline of the facade. The tower, as already stated, projects from the rest of the building 10 V feet, to bring its face on a line with that of the City Trust building, and is ig;4 feet wide. It rests on two massive marble columns, of five feet in diameter and 32 feet in height. The columns are spanned by an archway, in the shadow of which, resting on a highly orna- mental lintel, will stand a statue of William Penn. Carvings, touches in window sills, conceits in balustrades and other indications of an artist's skill lend grace to the dignity of the tower, which is surmounted by a marble dome. The tower entrance leads into a marble wainscoted corridor, 15 feet wide, and an iron stairway and two fast elevators carry the visitors to any of the upper floors. The corridor runs to the quarters of the Penn Mutual Life in the rear, the main office of which, on the first floor, is 60 by 75 feet and 25 feet high. The kitchen is on the fourth floor, and the offices of the directors and others on the second and third, as also the dining-room. The Penn Mutual Life was established in 1847, upon Quaker principles, and has ever since been conducted in. keeping therewith. Its object has been to furnish reliable Life Insurance to its members at the lowest possible cost. It has been 94 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA'S. INSURANCE. enabled to do this by strict attention to the three vital factors, viz : the death-rate, the average interest earnings, and the expenses of management. Care has been taken to select sound lives, and the result has been a mortality much below the tabular rate. " Low mortality makes cheap insurance," if the insured receive the benefit thereof, as they do in the " Penn," and other purely mutual companies. Investments have been made, first, with regard to security, and second, to interest production ; and having both in view, the interest earnings of the company have been very large. Expenses have been limited to figures much below those provided for in the premium charged, and none have been incurred not fully justified by results. All three factors — mortality, inter- est, and expenses — have each year contributed surplus which has been returned to members, the average dividends having been equalled by few, if any, competitors. It is forty-three years since this widely known corporation was organized, and in that time its business has grown until its assets are nearly $17,000,000 and its net reserve, at 4 per cent., over $15,000,000, while its surplus, in addition to the reserve required by the laws of Pennsylvania and New York, is nearly $2,000,000. There must be reasons for such a growth and such a healthy status. They lie in the fact that the managers understand the insurance business, and have the good sense to present a plain, intelligible contract, which is non-forfeitable for reserve value, with justly liberal provisions as to residence and travel. This wins public confidence. The company offers security that is unsurpassed, and a record which is absolutely unassailable in that it has never acted in bad faith, and not made a false move. The business of 1890, like that of all other years which have preceded it, is a matter of congratulation to both the trustees and the policy holders. Among new liberal features in the policies of the Penn Mutual are the payment of death claims at once upon receipt of satisfactory proofs and sufficient release ; payment in case of self-destruction after the policy-holder has been insured for two years, and no restrictions as to residence and travel. The following figures show the progress of the institu- tion, rendering a new office building necessary : TOTAL INCOME. INSURANCE IN FORCE. 1880, $1,459,762 1880, $31,608,564 1881, 1,602,523 1SS1, 34.637.444 I.SS2, 1,811,978 1882, 38,194,522 r88 3 , 1,969,368 1883, 41. 521. "75 [884, 2,140,272 1884, 43. 979.86o [885, 2,365.205 18S5, 47,989,223 I8S6, 2,726,434 1886, 53,911.873 1887, 3,009,764 1887, 61,018,805 1S88, 3.353.755 1888, 6S, 372, 882 1889, 3,908,443 1889, 79.069.58° 1890, 4,546,867 1890, 90,278,701 Board of Trustees: William H. Kern, James O. Pease, Joseph M. P. Price, Charles Watson, Ell wood Johnson, Wil- liam C. Houston, Joseph B. Hodgson, Howard Hinchman, William H. Rhawn, Atwood Smith, John H. Watt, N. Parker Shortridge, Richard S. Brock, Benjamin Allen, John Scott, Charles J. Field. Robert Dornan, William M. Runk, R. Alli- son Miller, Henry S. Kckert, Noah A. Plympton, Joseph Bosler, Frank Markoe, Harry F. West, Lincoln K. Passmore, Geo. K. Johnson, Jr., F. K. Hippie. Edward M. Needles, Pres. Henry C. Brown, Sec'y and Treas. Horatio S. Stephens, Vice-Pres. Jesse J. Barker, Actuary. FIDELITY MUTUAL L1FH ASSOCIATION This company was incorporated under the laws of Pennsyl- vania in the year 1S7S, and has for its object the furnishing of life insurance on the mutual principle. The first year it placed upon its books a million and a quarter of insurance, written on the lives of intelligent and reputable citizens of Philadelphia and surround- ing counties. In 1SS1 it entered in other States, and from that time constantly extended its operations, until now it is doing busi- ness in nearly every State in the Union, and its business has in- creased in thirteen years from a million and a quarter a year to over a million* and a half a month. The Fidelity had a larger business in its thirteenth year than the largest Pennsylvania life insurance company had in its seventeenth year. It closes its thirteenth year with a cash surplus of about $500,000 and $35,000,000 insurance in force. The Fidelity does business on what is known as the "Fouse System " of life iusurance. The President of the company, Mr. L. G. Fouse, who organized it, is also the author of the system, lie is a remarkably clever observer of cause and effect in life insur- ance, an indefatigable worker, a cogent reasoncr, and a voluminous writer. Tables and articles from his pen frequently appear in the insurance journals and publications of this country, and many of them have been reproduced in the Journal of the Institute of Actu- aries, of London, the leading insurance publication in Great Britain. The distinctive feature of the " I'ouse System" is, that in comput- ing the rates and determining the liability of the company, the insurance age or duration of policies is used as a factor as well as the age and death liability of the insured, and Mr. Fouse is the first actuary to recognize and put into practical operation this im- portant principle, and thus give the insured the benefit thereof. It is certainly remarkable that a factor so important and far-reach- ing should not have earlier attracted the attention and received the consideration of actuaries. Recently Mr. T. B. Sprague, of the British Institute of Actuaries, called attention to the necessity of constructing tables which shall have regard to the age of the policy as well as to the age in years of the lives exposed. The time will soon come, however, when the equity of this principle will be universally recognized and applied, and the tables of rates of all companies not in harmony with it correspondingly changed. The Fidelity Mutual has already established beyond doubt, that under the "Fouse System," the cost of insurance, as com- pared with that of the old legal reserve system, can be reduced with safety fully one-third. The saving is effected through the accumu- lation and expense element, the resources for the payment of death claims being even larger under the "Fouse System " than it is under the old style plan of iusurance. The Fidelity is in no sense hedged with technicalities or legal circumscriptions. It has been exceedingly fortunate, not only in having Mr. F'ousc for its president and actuary, who as an insurance expert has no peer, but also in having associated with it as counsellor, and nominally as its secretary, W. S. Campbell, Esq. His time is mostly devoted to the practice of life insurance law. He has a finished classical education, having received a thorough collegiate training. He is a facile, polished writer and a fluent public speaker, and is reputed among insurance men to have a thorough and accurate knowledge of life insurance law. He has demonstrated his ability as a lawyer by winning his cases and piloting the association in such a manner as to avoid the contention and litigation experienced by so many life companies, the lawsuits against the association being reduced to the minimum. Mr. Campbell, was associated with Mr. Fouse in the organization of the company. Since then many other able and respected citizens of Philadelphia have become identified with it in one capacity or another. Mr. Arthur Thacher, who is treasurer, was for years connected with banking and financial institutions, was receiving teller in the office of the United States Treasurer, Chief Clerk in the United States Mint under Directors Milward and Linderman, was a member of Select and Common Councils, Chairman of Democratic City Committee, and is prominent in Masonic circles. The vice-president is Col. O. C. Bosbyshell, who at this time, under Harrison's administration, is Superintendent of the United States Mint at Philadelphia. The Board of Directors, including the president and vice-president, arc John E. Frymier, of the firm of Frymier S: Edwards, importers and wholesale dealers in glass and queens ware; A. P. Flint, holding a responsible posi- tion with the American Book Company, of New York ; Conrad P.. Day, President of the Commonwealth National Bank; George W. Kendrick, Jr., broker and member of P. D. Calvert & Co.; William G. Fischer, extensive dealer in pianos and organs; William W. Allen, a prominent fire underwriter; Levi B. Kaler, merchant at Phcenixville, Pa., and J. P. Hale Jenkins, aprominent member of the bar at Norristown, Pa. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. INSURANCE. PROVIDENT LIFE AND TRUST COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA This Company which in many respects is similar to the Friends' Provident of Bradford, England, was organized in 1865 by Friends (or Quakers) in this city, for the purpose of promoting life insur- ance among Friends in the United States. Following the example of several of the oldest companies in Philadelphia, a charter was se- cured, which conferred authority not only to insure lives, but also to act as executor, administrator, trustee, guardian, etc., etc., that is, to transact what is known as a Trust business. The Company has not been confined in its operations to Friends, and has at- tained an equal popularity among all classes. The period following the Civil War was prolific in life insurance ventures. The Provident Life and Trust Company of Philadelphia is almost the only Company organized at that time which has achieved permanent success. Before these Companies had had time to become fairly developed, the storm v financial troubles, which preceded and accompanied the return to specie payments, overtook them, and, with but few exceptions, those which were not forced into bankruptcy have continued to lead a sickly and uncertain existence. The fact that this Company sur- vived and has attained its present magnitude was no accident, but was due to the sagacity and compre- hensive judgment of its founders and man- agers. Early seeing that natural and not forced growth was to be aimed at, they avoided the mistake so common at that time, of attempting to secure in a few years the volume of business which could only be attained in a long period, or attained by Companies which had passed safely through the first stages of development. It was evident that to attempt to embrace the whole » country in the opera- tions of the Company would be a dangerous and fruitless experi- g ment. It is a note- | worthy circumstance, which may be perti- nently mentioned in this connection, that while the history of perhaps every other Company is a record of ebb and flow, there has been only one year in the history of this Company in which the volume of its business has receded, and in that case the amount was nominal. Its steady progress is best illustrated by the fol- lowing figures : Vol- ume in force, 1S65, $3 2 4, 000 ; in 1 870, i J £9,388,001); in I 875, L '. 1 $19,479,000 ; in 18S0, $25,755,000; in 1885, $45,678,000; in 1890, $79,000,000. At this scale of progress the Company will soon have on its books the large aggregate of $100,000,000. The Company is recognized to-day as one of the best exponents of intelligent and high-minded fidelity to the true standard of life insurance. It is not alone in its steady growth, and in escaping the fate of almost every other Company organized since the war, that the Provident Life and Trust Company occupies a distinguished posi- tion. The general practice of the business at the time it com- menced its career, had become punctilious and heartless ; especially was this shown toward the retiring members ; men who had become unfortunate suffered severely by the discriminations against them. The Provident I.ife and Trust Company almost from its origin adopted a course of wise liberality, fairness and accommodation in its methods of dealing with surrendered or retiring policies, which has given it an enviable reputation throughout the land. The Company has done, perhaps, more thau any other to redeem NORTHWEST CORNER FOURTH & CHESTNUT 5T5 the methods employed to obtain business (through personal solici- tation by agents) from the odium which for many years attached to it. Recognizing the occupation as legitimate, and as intrinsically dignified and honorable, a high standard of qualification for agents was adopted. As the result of this, men of character and intelli- gence have sought its employment, and they have been carefully trained and instructed for their particular duties ; the fruit has been seen in the better service the Company has itself secured, and in the moral effect upon the agents themselves. The business of the Provident is two-fold : Life Insurance upon the mutual plan, and what is known as the Trust busiuess. Both call for the maintenance of a high standard of security. In the lat- ter case, no Company without the highest reputation for skillful and conservative management, can hope to have confided to it the important and sacred duties which relate to the care of the estates of deceased persons and those involved in the manage- ment of trusts. Such a union of the two kinds of business existed nominally in this city in the case of an old-established Com- pany of the highest standing. It was re- served to the Provident Life and Trust Company to demonstrate the practicability of the full develop- ment of both. Enough has been said of the success and reputation which have been achieved by this Company in its life insurance de- partment. The success of the Com- pany- as a whole is sufficiently shown by the successive enlargement of its capital and the constant advance in the price of its shares. This success has been achieved in a, field in which there were many important and prosperous competi- tors, some of which have been intrenched in the public confi- dence for nearly half a century. The duties and responsibilities of two kinds ot business equalh' important, but varied in character, were thus devolved upon the Company. To have succeeded in either would have been to gain an honor- able reputation. To have signally succeed- ed in both was to achieve a result never before successfully at- tempted. The capital stock was originally $150,- 000. This was in- creased successively to i 5500,000 and $1,000,000 , ; : fully paid ill. There is a surplus fund be- longing to the stockholders, derived exclusively from the Trust business, which amounts to $1,717,168.91. The charter expressly excludes the stockholders from any participation in the benefit of the Life Insurance business. The assets of the life insurance department are 118,558,124.44, with a surplus of $2,457,450.83. The total assets are $25,377,693.97. There arc companies which have attained to much greater pro- portions, but it is a serious question whether such enormous si/e as has been reached by several has in ail}' degree contributed to the advantage of their members. It is believed that with a business reaching the proportions above, with a natural unstimulated growth, the security and cheapness of insurance are more certain to be accomplished than under a forced and unnatural increase. The officers of the Company are : Samuel R. Shipley, president ; T. Wistar Brown, vice-president ; Asa S. Wing, vice-president and actuary ; David G. Alsop, assistant actuary ; Joseph Ashbrook, man- ager of insurance department; J. Robert Foulke, trust officer. 96 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. INSURANCE. MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY The extensive branch offices in this city of the Manhattan the company's handsome building, Fourth and Walnut streets • r:r iH--«III ■■■ x Manhattan Life Insurance Company Life Insurance Company of New York, were recently removed to For two months past a large number of mechanics have been employed making radical alterations and improvements in the building, and as a result, it is now one of the best equipped and most convenient of the big office structures of the city. Nearly all the large i the country owe much to the wealthy insurance cor- porations for architectural features and real estate im- provements. The handsome piles which these institu- tions have put up, mainly as investments, have contribu- ted very largely to the beauty and character of the build- ings of American cities. Experience has proved that they are a very attractive form of investment, and some of the larger structures, like that of the Manhattan Building, yield handsome returns. The apartments which the Manhattan has reserved on the fourth floor for its local headquarters have been fitted up in a style commensurate with the position and rapidly expanding business ot the company. Exquisite taste has been shown in the arrangement and furnishing of the rooms. The art of the upholsterer has been employed with most felicitous effect in setting off the highly pol- ished oak wood work, which forms a chief feature of the offices. Of late the big companies have found handsome head- quarters essential factors in the promotion of their busi- ness interests, and inasmuch as their buildings are remun- erative investments, this is not an incident of extrava- gance ; it is simply a stroke of business policv. The Manhattan Life, which is giving to Philadelphia an exam- ple of enterprise in this direction, is one of the most pro- gressive and liberal of the strong and wealthy insurance corporations. It issues the shortest and simplest form of policy, a policy free from technicalities and evasive condi- tions and constructive reservations. In fact, it is regarded as a model life insurance contract, whose only condition is the payment of the principal at maturity .or death. The company's affairs are controlled by leading men of New York, its directory comprising some of the wealthiest cap- italists. Many, of its policies are held by leading men of known sagacity and business acumen, from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast, including President Harrison, ex- President Cleveland, Postmaster General Wanamakcr, U. S. Attorney General Miller, Secretary of the Navy Tracy, General Alger of Michigan, Cornelius Yanderbilt, Senator Jones of Nevada, ex-Postmaster General Keys, Rev. T. DeWitt Talmage, and others of national renown. Henry B. Stokes, the president of the Manhattan Life Insurance Company, manages the affairs of the company, and is recognized as an able and progressive life insurance man, having been trained from youth in the insurance business. He is the son of the late Henry Stokes, who was for twenty-five years the president of the company. : L-"' Tin' otliM oMui-iN, |. I,. Il.iKcy, vice-president; H. Y. Wimple, second vice-president ; William C. Frazce, sec- retary; J. H. Giffin, Jr., assistant secretary, and E. L. Stabler, actuary, are all recognized as men of ability, standing and experience. They all entered the Manhat- tan office as young men and have been trained from youth in the intricate problems of life insurance. In this city, the company's branch office is under the management of James B. Carr & Sons, who are recognized as leading insurance men. J. B. Carr, the senior member of the firm, has been the company's representative here since 1861. He is one of the best versed and oldest insur- ance authorities of the country, and in the large clientage which he has built up in Pennsylvania are still many per- sons who took out policies early in the sixties. His sons, Frank W. and Thaddeus S. Carr, who are associated with him, are also widely known in the insurance world as well posted, alert and enterprising business men. At the Phil- adelphia agency there has been paid out 53.000,000 in claims, without scaling a single policy, or requiring a beneficiary to resort to legal process. ' run evenly. PHILADELPHIA unquestionably ranks as the leading manu- facturing city of the- United States as to diversity of indus- tries, number of establishments and value of finished products. The manufacturing census just completed accepted the phrase *^^^ "manufacturing interests" in its broadest and most complete sense, as meaning productive interests of all sorts whereby any material turned out by skilled labor was a manufactured product and its production a manufacturing industry. This insured the collection of tin- statistics embracing establishments of all sizes, from the gigantic refineries, each of which tabulated a yearly output of forty millions, to the modest weaver of rag carpet, who put his annual gross income at less than a hundred dollars ; of all ages, from the ^V \ ^^^—^ malster who commenced operations (or at least whose ancestors did) in 16S7 to him whose existence was hardly longer than a year ; of all power, from the large mill owner who reported a force of a thousand hands to the beginner in industrial growth, whose only employee was him self; of all grades of prominence, from the factory which itself occupies an entire block of ground the humble artisan whose workshop is the attic of his house. The chain of enumeration was complete not alone in these respects, but as well in the searching inquiry which followed the product of one concern into its turn as the raw material of another, and then again, to where both would combine to form the basis of a new production, through all by-ways and varieties, until a something was reached which could be traced no further because it went then directly to consumption. Therefore, no matter what quibbles may be raised as to the industrial census of 1890, it is thorough and exhaustive. Something like twenty-five thousand establishments, with a gross production of over seven hundred millions: an army of workmen, masters and toilers ; a torrent of vital energy so infused into all branches of trade ; a pros- perity spreading so as to benefit a million of people of all sorts and conditions. As a rule the manufac- turers of the citj- are money-makers, if the returns made to the Census Department are correct, the largest proportion of money result, however, being found among the smaller operators. All of them, great or small, earn reasonable returns on the capital invested ; all of them pay fair rates of wages, and wages in all classes And there does not appear to be a low degree of condition which might be called a tendency to expansion in working on borrowed capital. The most interesting feature of the manufacturing statistics, however, is to be found in the facts relating to the minor branches. The large factories and works, made familiar by their size, are veritable landmarks of the town. The ship-builders, the sugar and oil refineries, the iron foundries, the great cotton and woolen mills, the meat- packing establishments, the car and locomotive builders, the breweries and that ilk are well known to all and need no particular comment. But when accepting the term productive industry in its broadest gauge, as it has been in the enumeration, and embracing within its scope the mechanical trades, the variet}' and number of producers makes a fertile subject of reflection as to the existence of a social economy which cannot but be of the utmost advantage to the prosperity and welfare of Philadelphia and which guarantees its future advancement. It is in these many thousands of smaller enterprises that the foundation naturally lies for coming improvement. The great majority of these producers are in what can be called a high grade of financial condition in that they are each and all of them owners of their places of business ; hard workers, as can be judged from the fact that they invariably labor from twelve to fourteen hours a day ; economical and saving, as they have their help in the members of their own families ; accumulative, inasmuch as they are readily able to show a neat profit after all expenses of living are deducted. They are of all nationalities, but evidently, with few exceptions, are here to stay. The}- are to be found in all sorts of out-of-the-way places, in cellars and garrets, in handsome old dwelling houses and in gloomy alleys, in a single room in a massive specimen of modern architecture and in dilapidated relics of the time of Penn. They toil and they spin, and each day add a fraction to the money value, a step to the growth, an inch to the advancement of the city, so that when another decade shall roll around these mites will be among the greater lords of industry and their places then be supplied by others, who in turn will climb. And this is the soundest foundation of wealth and importance, the masonry of production, the rock of industrial improvement. Philadelphia, with a population of a million and producing each year nearly eight hundred millions of dollars of new material, stands upon a plane of advancement which is unequalled in this country because no other city can show a like ratio, and which, unaffected as it is by speculation or undue excitement, should be a matter of urban pride. A growth which comes from advancement of industrial enterprise is permanent. We may not excel in commerce, but we can furnish commerce with her ships. We may not rank high as a railroad centre, but we can supply the traffic centres with their motive power, with iron and steel for structural purposes, with equipment of all grades. The flash and dash of speculative whirls may not be here, but there is the flash of the forge, the dash of the loom and the whirl of the spindle ; a sure and steady accretion which is best appreciated by ourselves because it is to us the benefit returns ; shown in the stability of our credit, the constant addition to our importance in national affairs and the exceptional relations which we occupy towards our neighbors. They buy, we sell. They consume, we manufacture. They are the seekers, we the finders — and all because of our grand productive industries. PHILADELPHIA AXD POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. BALDWIN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS The Baldwin Locomotive Works dates its origin from the in- ception of steam railroads in America. Called into existence by the early requirements of the railroad interests of the country, it has grown with their growth and kept pace with their progress. It has reflected in its career the successive stages of American rail- road practice, and has itself contributed largely to the development of the locomotive as it exists to-day. A history of the Baldwin Locomotive Works, therefore, is, in a great measure, a record of the progress of locomotive engineering in this country, andassuch, can- not fail to be of interest to all who are concerned in this important ele- ment of our material progress. To do full justice to the subject would require a full volume, and it is with regret we cannot trace the prog- ress of the Works year by year. The founder of the establishment was Matthias W. Baldwin, who learned the trade of jeweler, and entered the service of Fletcher & Gardiner, jewelers and silver- smiths, of Philadelphia, in 1S17. Two years later he opened a small shop in the same line of business on his own account. The demand for articles of this character falling off, however, he formed a partnership in 1S25, with David Mason, a machinist, in the man- ufacture of bookbinders' tools and cylinders for calico printing. The business was so successful that steam power became necessary in carrying on their business, and an engine was built for the pur- pose ; but proving unsatisfactory, Mr. Baldwin designed and con- structed one specially adapted to the requirements of his shop. The design of the machine was not only unique, but its workmanship was so excellent and its efficiency so great, as to readily procure for Mr. Baldwin orders for additional stationary engines. Thus was his attention turned to steam engineering, and the way was pre- pared for his grappling with the problem of the locomotive when the time should arrive. Mr. Mason retired from the firm shortly prior to 1830. In 1S29-30 the use of steam as a motive power on railroads had begun to engage the attention of American engineers; and sometime during the latter year Mr. Baldwin constructed a miniature locomotive for exhibition in the Philadelphia Museum of Franklin Peale. It was put in motion on April 25, 1S31, and so successful was it that in the same vcar Mr. Baldwin received an order for a locomotive from the Philadelphia, Germantown and Norristown Railroad Company, completing it and giving it a trial on the road November 23, 1832. It was christened "Old Ironsides," and a model of it can be seen in a glass case in the office of the Works. From that day the business of Mr. Baldwiu began to increase, and in 1S34, finding the capacity of his works in Lodge Alley inadequate, he had erected a large three story brick building, L shaped, at the corner of Broad and Hamilton streets, the site being, in part, of the present mam- moth establishment. It was occupied some time in 1S35, and is still in use, but greatly improved and enlarged. On April 8, 1S39, Mr. Baldwin associated with himself Messrs. Vail and Hufty, and the business was conducted under the firm name Baldwin, Vail & Hufty until 1841, when Mr. Hufty withdrew, and Baldwin & Vail continued the co-partnership. It was dissolved the following year, however, by the withdraw- al of Mr. Vail. Asa Whitney, who had been superintendent of the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad, then became Mr. Baldwin's part- ner, and until [846 the firm was continued as Baldwin & Whitney. Mr. Whitney withdrew in that year to engage in the manufacture of car wheels, establishing the firm of A. Whitney S: Sons, Phila- delphia. Mr. Baldwin then continued the business in his own name until 1854, when Matthew Baird, who had been connected with the Works since 1836, as one of the foremen, entered into partnership, the firm becoming known as M. W. Baldwin & Co. It so continued until the death of Mr. Baldwiu, which occurred Sep- tember 7, 1866. A reorganization was effected the following yen under the title of "The Baldwin Locomotive Works," M. Baird & Co., Proprietors. George Buruham and Charles T. Parry, who had been con- nected with the establishment from an early period, the former in charge of the finances, and the latter as general superinl were associated with Mr. Baird in the co-partnership, later, Edward H. Williams, William P. Henszej and i streth became members of the firm. Mr. Williams had be< nccted with the railway management of various lines sinci Mr. Hcnszey had been mechanical engineer, and Mr. Longstreth the general superintendent of the Works for several years previously. Early in [873 Mr. Baird sold his interest in the Works to his five partners, and a new firm was formed under the style of Burnham, Parry, Williams & Co., dating from January t, of that year. John H.Converse, who had been connected with the works since 1870, became a member of the new firm. The firm was again reorgan- ized in Mr. Parry having withdrawn, and it is now known as "The Baldwin Locomotive Works," Burnham, Williams & Co., Proprie- tors, the members being George Burnham, Edward H. Williams, William P. Hcnszey, John H. Converse. William C. Stroud, and William I.. Austin. Such, in brief, is the history of these famous, worldwide known works. Nearly 12,000 locomotives have been constructed since the "Old Ironsides" of 1S31. To show their rapid progress we will make a few comparisons, which, in this instance at least, will not prove odious. The one-thousandth locomotive was only completed in 1S61, making an average of only thirty-three for the first thirty years ; the two thousandth in 1N69 ; three thou- sandth, 1872; four thousandth, [N76; five thousandth, 1880 ; six thousandth, 1882 ; seven thousand, 1SS3 ; eight thousandth, 1886; nine thousandth, 1S8S ; ten thousandth, 1889; eleven thousandth, 1S90 ; the eleven thousandth four hundred and ninety-sixth loco- motive was completed December 31, 1890. The product from 1S81 to 1890 inclusive, was equal to 52.7 per cent, of the entire product from the establishment of the works in 1S31 to December 31, 1S90. It included 1141 locomotives for export. In 1835 Mr. Baldwin oc- cupied a three-story brick L shaped building at Broad and Hamilton streets, and employed about three hundred hands. The Works now cover 14 acres of ground, fronting on Broad street from Spring Garden street to Pennsylvania avenue, and extending back to Six- teenth street, while in addition two blocks bounded by Button wood street, Pennsylvania avenue, Seventeenth and Eighteenth streets, are also occupied. The location of the departments is as follows: Office, drawing room and erecting shops in building between Spring Garden and Buttonwood streets, and Broad and Fifteenth streets ; boiler shop, machine shop and blacksmith shop in building between Buttonwood and Hamilton streets and Broad .and Si xteeuth streets ; machine shop, blacksmith and hammer shop, pattern shop and paint shop in building between Hamilton street and Pennsylvania avenue and Broad and Fifteenth streets ; iron and brass foundry and shop and blacksmith shop in building between Buttonwood and Hamilton streets and Fifteenth and Sixteenth streets ; machine shop, tank and sheet iron shop ami wood shop in building between Buttonwood and Hamilton streets and Seventeenth and Eighteenth streets ; spring shop in building between Hamilton street and Penn- sylvania avenue and Seventeenth and Eighteenth streets. From this description an idea can be formed of the magnitude of the Works, as it can also from the following statistics completed Janu- ary 1, 1891. Number of engines built per day, 3' ; ; capacity per year, 1,000 ; number of men employed, 4,900 ; hours of labor per man per day, 10; principal departments run continuously, hours per dav, 24; horse-power employed. 4400; number of buildings comprised in works, 23; consumption of coal per day in tons, ap- proximately, N40 ; consumption of iron in tons per day, approxi- mately, 200; consumption of other material in tous per day, ap- proximately, 30 ; number of dynamos for furnishing power todrill- presses, punching machines, shears, cranes, and for lighting, 22; number of electric lights in service, 2S00; capacity of erecting shop, with 19 tracks, capable of accommodating lour engines per track, 76. The lightest engine built weighed 5100 pounds, and the heaviest 195,000 pounds. The plant comprises 734 machine and drawings and patterns for over 500 different sizes or patterns of locomotives, for all existing gauges and every description of ser- vice, are included in the working lists. In short, all parts of loco- motives and tenders, except the boiler and tank plates, the steel tires and steel forgings, chilled wheels, boiler tubes, and some of the furniture, are made in the works from the raw materials. i°3 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. THOMAS POTTER, SONS & COMPANY The extensive manufacturing corporation of Thomas Potter, Sons & Co., manufacturers of oil-cloth and linoleum, was founded in the year i S38 by Thomas Potter, when nineteen years of age. He was born in county Tyrone, Ireland, and with his father came to this country in 1828. The family had formerly been large landed proprietors in Ireland ; George Pot- ter, an officer under Cromwell, having received large grants for his services in reducing Ireland to the will of the Common- wealth, and the same was confirmed by the act of settlement, 1 660 (time of Charles II). George Potter, the father of Thomas Potter, died shortly after his arrival here, leaving his family, wife, three daughters and a son, but a small estate. His son had been desirous of entering the ministry, but his father's death caused him to forego this hope, and forced him to main- tain himself as well as to contribute to the support of the family. He learned the art of oil-cloth manufacturing with Isaac Macauley, proprietor of Bush Hill Oil Cloth establishment, Philadelphia, the main building being the original Manor House of James Hamilton, twice Colonial Governor of the province of Pennsylvania. Appreciating however, the importance of a thorough education, he devoted himself to diligent study at night under the tuition of his mother, and acquired a broad and liberal framework of knowledge, the completeness of which was shown in after life to good pur- pose. While devoting his leisure to self-improvement and study, he gave such earnest and valuable attention to busi- ness, that in a few years he was made manager by Mr. Macauley. In 183S he established himself in business, and shortly afterwards purchased from his former employer, the Bush Hill Oil Cloth establishment. He was married October 2, 1S45, to Miss Adaline Coleman Bower, a grand-daughter of General Jacob Bower, of Reading, Pa. , who served as an offi. cer in the Pennsylvania Tine, Continental Army, from June, 1775, to the end of the struggle for Independence in 17S3, and was one of the founders of the Pennsylvania Society (or Order) of Cincinnati. Mr. Pottet's enterprise and sound judgment made him very successful in his business, and he soon realized a large competency. He held many positions of trust and responsi- bility in municipal and financial corporations. In 1853 he was elected Commissioner of the District in which he resided; he was School Director, School Controller, and shortly after the consolidation of the Cit}', was elected to Councils, and at once appointed chairman of the School Committee. Such was his interest in the matter of education, that in the year 1890 (twelve years after his death), the Board of Public Education named the largest public school in the City (Fourth and Clear- field streets), The Thomas Potter School. Later on, as chairman of the Finance Committee, he took an active and leading part in municipal legislation. In 1S61 he originated and carried through the ordinance for the appointment of a Commissioner, to assist in supporting the families of volunteers in the Union arm)', who had enlisted from Philadelphia ; he not only gave this project his untiring attention, but tendered the use of his private office (which was accepted) for carrying on the work. Mr. Potter carried through Common Council, a bill, which, had it not been defeated, would have proved one of the most important ordinances ever passed in the City of Philadelphia. It was to provide for the passage of an Act of Assembly, authorizing the public squares at Broad and Market streets to be used for the erection of an Academy of Natural Science, and an Academy of Fine Arts, and other educational institu- tions. He was chiefly instrumental in carrying out three great reforms for the benefit of the City of Philadelphia : Organizing the paid fire department, the securing to the city the eastern portion of Fairmount Park, and the passing of the bill which required the City Treasurer to pay city warrants according to date and number, which brought them to par, and at once strengthened the credit of the city. He was one of the original members of the Union League, and appointed on the first committee of that body, whose object was to collect money and distribute the same towards assisting the widows and orphans of I'nion soldiers from Phil- adelphia. In 1S68, his health shattered by his devotion to public duties and the demands of private interests, he resigned his seat in Councils and visited Europe, seeking to recover his health. In 1871, after his return, he was made President of the City National Bank of Philadelphia, and held that posi- tion until his death, which took place at his residence, the "Evergreens," Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Sept. 29, 1878. In 1S70 Mr. Potter sold the property at Bush Hill, and purchased the ground and erected the extensive establishment at Second and Venango streets, on the New York Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, which has since been greatly enlarged, and where the business now carried on by his sons, under the name of Thomas Potter, Sons & Co., Incor- porated, has so increased, that it is the most extensive of its kind in the United States. The members of the firm are Col. Thomas Potter, Jr., William Potter, Henry A. Potter and James F. Hope. Col. Thomas Potter, Jr., was Assistant Quarter Master General of Pennsylvania, and as a member of Governor Beaver's staff, gave valuable assistance to General Hastings at Johnstown, in providing for the wants of the suffering in- habitants of that cit}', whose property was swept away by the flood of 1SS9. He is also one of the incorporators of the famous Clover Club. William Potter was one of the Executive Committee of the Committee of One Hundred; accredited by the State and Post-Office departments, as special representative to London, Paris and Berlin, and brought about the adoption of Sea Post Offices (now in operation) on the steamers of the North Ger- man Lloyd, and Hamburg American lines. He is Secretary of the Union League, and has recently been appointed dele- gate to represent the United States at the International Postal Congress to convene in Vienna, May 20, 1891. Henry A. Potter was a member of the New Jersey Legis- lature, was a delegate from the same State to the Republican National Convention at Chicago, that nominated Benjamin Harrison for President of the United States; was tendered, but owing to business engagements, was obliged to refuse, the post of Secretary of Legation at Berlin. Mr. Chas. A. Potter and Mr. James F. Hope are both well known Philadelphians, and members of many organizations in their native city. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. J. G. BRILL COMPANY The works of the J. G. Brill Company, a view of which is pre- sented below, are located at Mt. Moriah, a station of both the Penn- sylvania Railroad and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, a few miles from Philadelphia. The site embraces eighteen acres enclosed bv a high board fence — the tracks of the aforesaid railroads enter the grounds, affording the best shipping facilities to all points. The shop buildings with one exception are one story or a story and a half structures of corrugated iron. The office building on the left is of brick, four stories high and 172 feet by 40 feet. It contains the offices of the company, draughting rooms, storage vaults, store rooms for material, brass trimmings, upholstering material and numerous small parts that enter into the construction of a car, the pattern rooms and time-keeper's room. The machine shop is a building 155x60 feet, fully equipped with iron working tools, drill presses, lathes, key seating machines, a 100-ton wheel press, and emery wheels for polishing and grinding. The truck shop in rear of the machine shop is 125 feet by 35 feet. Three tracks run the entire length of the building, which is equipped with an overhead trolley crane for handling heavy parts. The lumber sheds are located in the rear of the place and cover a large space. The pump- arc two lines of transfer tables, one in the foreground and the other between the line of buildings, which provide for readily trans- porting cars to the shipping station. An eatin ?i> feet has recently been erected tor the accommodation of the officers and employ ees of the works. To ensure thi safe delivery of cars, the Company own twenty flat steam cars, fifty to sixty feel on which two cars can be shipped, some of these cars are CO being 16 feet in height. These works were originally established by John G. Brill and Ins son G. M. Brill, at Thirty-first and Chestnut streets in The establishment was at first designed exclusively for the manu- facture on a small scale of street car materials, but bv degrees the present line of business was entered upon. After a few mouths experience, thirty-four cars were built for the People's Railway, Baltimore, and fifty-two for a St. Louis Company. The work being of a high character, other orders quickly followed from Cincinnati, from Oil City (for inclined cars), from Salt Lake City and Mexico. They received an order for cars to run on a railway terminating in the exposition building at Vienna, Austria. These and many other orders were successfully filled and are among the early triumphs of the J. G. Brill Company. The works at Thirty -first street covered an area of about 4^2 acres, and soon the ground and facilities were 1^-'— -f industry, " machine tool " making is of recent date. The first man to attempt the construction of "machine tools" was Mr. Joseph Whitworth, of England. Not long after this Bancroft & Sellers, now William Sellers & Co. (In- corporated), started a similar establishment in this country. They began in 184S with the making of "machine tools" shafting and mill gearing, their shops being located in Kensington. In [853 thev erected new buildings at Sixteenth and Seventeenth streets, Pennsylvania avenue and Hamilton street, the works taking in the entire block. In 1855, not two years after the occupation of the new works, Mr. Bancroft, the senior partner, died, and the business passed into the hands of William Sellers and John Sellers, Jr., the firm name being William Sellers & Company. The two brothers constituted the firm until 1873, when Coleman Sellers, John Sellers Bancroft and James C. Brooks, who had long been associated in the business were admitted to partnership. In 1S70 they removed to new build- ings covering more than half the square of ground north of them, all that pertained to the foundry, namely : the pattern shop, pat- tern storage rooms, and the foundry proper. In addition to the regular business of the house of "machine tool " making, they have for several years been engaged in the manufacture of other necessi- ties of railroads, as turn tables for locomotives, turn tables for pivot bridges, sliding or transfer tables. Their cast iron turn tabic has been adopted by many of the railroads in the United States, South America and Australia, and is in use in Europe. Among the most important of their recent productions are two high speed power travelling cranes just placed in the new erecting shops of the Baldwin Locomotive Works. Each of these cranes has two 50-ton trolleys, making the total capacity of each crane 100 tons. The machinery is driven by electric motors and the speed of the cranes is as follows : L'pon the runway 100 and 200 feet per minute ; transversely in the crane bridge 50 and 100 feet per minute ; hoist- ing and lowering 5, 10, 20, and 40 feet per minute ; all variable at the will of the operator to any speed between maximum and zero and may be made without shock or jar. This house introduced the Gifford boiler injectors into the United States, and improved it greatlv, and is now sending the improved instruments in large quantities to the French railways. The first display of the work of this house in Europe was in Paris in 1867. This they followed bv a larger exhibit in Vienna in 1873. I' 1 Paris they received the Gold Medal, and in Vienna what is called the Great Diploma of Honor, the highest possible mark of appreciation. The award was to "Sellers for pre-eminent achievements in the invention and construction of 'machine tools,' many of which have been adopted as patterns by the constructors of tools in all countries." With the advent of "machine tools," wooden cog wheels, wooden shafts, ami the cumbersome wooden drums gave way to iron pulleys on iron shafts, running in metal boxes. But all those were of clumsy and heavy designs, altogether too heavy, and as they were sold at so much per pound, there was small inducement for the manufacturer to attempt a reducement in weight. The need of a more perfect system of transmission had long occupied the mind of Mr. Edward Bancroft, and at last he designed a form ot hanger for shafts which is known as the "ball and socket hanger," and is now in general use throughout the country. It involves a self-adjusting principle in the alignment of the box in relation to the shaft turning in it and ready means of lining up the entire series of shafts, making one continuous line. Oddly enough after this invention was completed, Mr. Bancroft could not induce a single one of the leading manufacturers to take hold of it. On tliis account the house of Bancroft & Sellers pushed forward to further perfect the manufacture of shafting, and soon became as celebrated for the excellence of their shafting as for their other machines. In fact they turned their attention very particularly to the shafting business and they contrived many ingenious machines in this con- nection. They introduced a new form of coupling for uniting the separate pieces of round iron going to make up a line of shafts. This coupling was easily attached and detached, did away with much expensive fitting requiring skilled workmen and allowed the use of a form of hanger with less metal than was ever before possible. It took some time to show the users of hangers that it would be true economy to pay more per pound for a good article, that was honestly strong and would cost less money to keep run- ning and in repair than to buy, at say ten per cent, le triple the number of pounds costing more coal to run. Buteventu- ally this lighter and more efficient shafting was placed upon the market at no greater cost in the aggregate than the other articles. This change was due entirely to the introduction of improved "machine tools." Many hundreds of miles of this improved shaft- ing now drive the cotton and woolen mills of this country, and there are numerous examples of it to be found abroad. In their exhibit in Paris in 1867, and afterwards in Vienna, this new system of shafting was first displayed in Europe. A number of the technical schools of Europe have purchased samples of hang- ers, couplings, etc., which they have placed in their museums. The foreign journals, while enthusiastic over the merits of the hang- ers and couplings of this firm, declare that in their introduction to Europe, much is due to the establishment of a scale of fixed prices in contradiction of the custom of some other manufacturers, who, selling their goods by weight, w'ould make them inconsistently heavy. For instance, the London Standard says, "The advantages thus arising to the purchasers of the Messrs. Sellers' improved shafting consist not only in a direct saving of first cost by greatly diminished weight, but in the acquisition of a well constructed and smooth running shafting of very neat appearance and as light as is consistent with the required strength. The journal boxes are unusually long and so held in their supports as to always insure a uniform distribution of pressure over the entire length of bearing. In their construction iron is used instead of brass or other soft metal composition." Appended to the report made by the British Commissioners to Parliament on the subject of the Vienna Exhibition, there were a series of technical papers on special sections of the Exhibition con- tributed by W. W. Maw and James Dredge. Speaking of machine tools they say of the exhibit from the United States, "For the num- ber of machines it included there was in fact no collection of tools in Machinery Hall which could compete for real originality of con- struction with that found in the American department. Messrs. W. Sellers & Company, of Philadelphia, are well known as the Whit worths of America, and their exhibits well sustained their rep- utation both for design and excellence of -workmanship." One of their machines which attracted perhaps the largest share of atten- tion at the European exhibitions was a peculiar kind of planing machine for metal. It was the invention of Mr. William Sellers and involved an entirely new principle in the method of operating the table. A shaft crossing the bed diagonally has on ita spiral pinion, this pinion engages the teeth of a straight rack and imparts an exceedingly uniform motion to the table with less friction than is common to other methods of driving. This machine has been greatly improved of late years and is now as far in advance of the ordinary constructions of planing machines as the original inven- tion was of the machines then in use. Another of the English journals speaking of the planing machine for metal, said, "The American inventor had in view the construction of a better machine than any now in use and that could be more economically placed in the workshop. The Eng- lish builder of what purported to be the same character of tool, adapted devices which had been found to work well but ignored all the deviations from existing customs that looked towards a rational change in the placing of tools in the work shop. American mechanics have been obliged to bestir themselves in the world's race. They have had to contend with high wages and a lack of good workmen, they have therefore been forced to exercise their inventive faculties to make machinery that will cheaply and effec- tively perform the work required to be done, and this house held to be a model in its line, has done its share in thisgreat work by its per- fection of the tools required to make these machines." William Sellers & Company (Incorporated) are now engaged among other works in building the large gun lathes for the United States Navy Yard, Washington, for 16 and 14 inch rifled guns. These are not only of the largest that have ever been designed for such uses, but embody features which in the judgment of engineers make them superior to any lathes before produced for modern guns. Many of the machines above mentioned have been recently greatly improved, and there have been addeel several important tools, among them the tool grinding and shaping machine, and the drill grinding machine with drill pointing attachment. This great industrial works was incorporated in 1S86, and is now presided over as follows : William Sellers, president and en- gineer ; John Sellers, Jr., vice-president and treasurer; Justus H. Schwacke, secretary ; J. Sellers Bancroft, manager ; D. L. Lukens, purchasing agent. 107 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHlLADELPHlANS. MANUFACTURERS. THE FLETCHER WORKS— SCHAUM & UHLINGER Since the invention of the fly shuttle by John Kay, in 1733, numerous and important improvements in the art of weaving were discovered and utilized until 1804, when Joseph Marie Jacquard, of Lyons, France, invented and perfected the machine which bears his name, and which has revolutionized the manufacture of textile fabrics in every part of the world, save, perhaps, some of the native tribes of India, where the primitive hand loom is still in vogue. Supplementing the power loom, invented in the latter part of the eighteenth century by Dr. Edmund Cartwright, an eminent Eng- lish divine of the Established Church, the Jacquard loom was of such paramount importance, that the distinguished inventor, before his death in 1834, saw his loom in almost universal use. The grand- father of Mr. William W. Uhlinger, a native of Switzerland, was for years employed in Jacquard's factory at Lyons, afterward estab- lished a factory in Switzerland, with his son, W. P. Uhlinger, who subsequently emigrating to Philadelphia, began the manufacture of looms, and founded the present business in 1S50. To give such of our readers as may not be familiar with the art of weaving, an intelligent idea of the immense value of the Jacquard machine, it is but proper to state here that every piece of figured goods, no matter where and how made, is wov- en by the aid of a Jacquard machine, without which all fabrics would have to be confined to plain weaves, such as plaids, checks, stripes, etc., etc. Previous to the in- vention of this ma- chine the work was done by a number of boys, who each pulled a series of cords according to a set pattern. This of course was so laborious and costly, that it is very easy to perceive at once what an indispensable thing a Jacquard machine is at the present day, enabling us to enjoy the finest de- signed goods and elegant color effects at a cost which would not have been dreamed of one hundred years ago. In July, 18S9, Messrs. Schaum X: Uhlinger purchased the entire plant, goodwill and fixtures of W. P. Uhlinger, and in the same year the new Fletcher Works were built, named so in honor of Mr. George A. Fletcher, the special partner of the firm. These exten- sive works are now fully occupied by them, and in it they are suc- cessfully conducting the leading industry of the kind in the United States. The operations of the old concern were at first confined to the manufacture of Jacquard machines, and the business was com- paratively limited, these looms at that time being in use onlv in limited quantities; but recent improvements made in silk, woolen and cotton looms have made the use of Jacquard's invention almost universal in fancy weaving, and thereby extended the operations of the firm to such an extent as to make them practically without competition in the l T tiited States. For their important work Messrs. Schaum & LIhlinger occupy their immense building at North Peun Junction, on the New York Division of the Pennsyl- M vauia Railroad, with a frontage of 300 feet on Gleuwood avenue, and a depth of 90 feet on Second street, and have just completed a large new foundry adjoining the main building, with an area of 80 by 100 feet ; also extensive lumber sheds, in which is stored an immense quantity of seasoned lumber for manufacturing purposes. These, with the engine and boiler houses, blacksmith shops and stables adjoining, constitute the largest and most valuable plant for the manufacture of this machinery in the country. This complete plant represents an outlay of #275,000, and makes this concern one of the leading contributors to the large aggregate of the home and export trade of the United States. The power is transmitted to all parts of this vast establishment by a series of ropes, a system recently perfected and put in by Mr. George V. Cressou, of this city. The output of these works comprise plain and fancy looms for silk, cotton and woolen goods, ribbon, tape and webbing looms, Jacquards, dobbies, witches, centrifugal-hydro-extractors, card stamping ami repeating machines, &c. The firm are the pioneers in the art of swivel weaving, having perfected and brought out the first power swivel loom for broad goods in the world, and are at present sending these looms to foreign countries in large quantities in addition to their immense home trade. Among their shipments may be mentioned some to Germany, France, Italy, Eng- land, .also Egypt, Japan and other foreign countries, with an increasing South American trade. A special feat- ure of the firm is their looms for the weaving o f silks and ribbons. In the success of this comparatively new, but already important industry of the L T nited States, this firm have been important factors. This successful representative firm is composed of Messrs. Otto W. Schaum, William H. Rometsch, and William W. Uhlinger, gen- eral partners, and Mr. George A. Fletcher, special partner. Mr. Schaum is a practical expert machinist, and has been engaged in and about the manufacture of looms since he was sixteen years of age. Mr. William H. Rometsch commenced the manufacture of looms under the instruction of his father, who began the business in New York in 1S65, and after years of practical ex- perience, came to Philadelphia, and subsequently became a mem- ber of this firm. Combining thus familiarity with every detail of their difficult and important work, with executive ability of a high order, it is not to be wondered at that the success of Messrs. Schaum & Uhlinger should be co-extcusive with the wonderful growth of the manufacture of textile fabrics in the United States, and that in this house the operators of the cotton, woolen and silk mills of the country should find such an auxiliary as enables them to compete in all branches of the weaving art with those of every nation on the globe ; the improvement in machinery and devices offsetting cheap labor. iif^imviitmi"|ERii l m S^S 10S Philadelphia and popular phii.adi:li>iiians. MANUFACTURERS. HE PHOENIX IRON COMPANY The Phoenix Iron Company was established in 1790, and therefore celebrated its " Centennial " year in 1890. In 1790, the works consisted simply of a rolling mill amd nail factory. The power for driving was derived from the damming of French Creek just above the present foundry, the old site of the rolling mill. In 1S09, the property was known as the French Creek Works, and it was not until 18 13 that the name of "The Phoenix Works" was substituted. Lewis Wernwag, the builder of the Fairmount wooden bridge over the Schuylkill at Philadelphia, became interested in the enterprise and added a number of improvements. In 1821, the rolling mill had but one pair of rolls and one pair of rotary slitters. In 1832, new works were erected including fifty-four nail machines and a merchant mill. In 1S24, the works are descriDed as " the first and largest nail factory of its kind in the United States. " In 1S25, the first successful attempt to generate steam with anthracite coal was made with a one hundred horse power Stackhouse engine. Puddling was introduced in 1827, and a new rolling mill was built. In 1837, a new blast furnace was built for using anthracite for smelting iron. In this year the Phila- delphia & Reading Railroad was opened, and the use of anthracite increased. In 1S41, six puddling furnaces, a Burden rotary squeezer and a train of rolls were added to the mill. In 1845-46, three blast furnaces were built and in the latter year other extensive improvements were made — a new rolling mill, puddling and reheating mill, smithshops, pattern shops, foundry, machine shops, offices, warehouses, etc. In this mill were rolled a large portion of the rails used in the construction of the first railroads in the countrv. In 1847, the large nail factory was destroyed by fire. In 1S53, the "East Mill" was built. The Pheenix Iron Company was incorporated in 1855, and merged into a stock company, the capacity of all the departments was increased and the manufacture of beams, channels and tees begun, and the construction of bridges and other varieties of structural iron work undertaken. In 1S61, the manufacture of wrought iron rifled cannon was commenced and upwards of 1300 guns were made for the United States, which were highly commended by the military authorities. One of the principal specialties of the company is the Phcenix column which was introduced in 1S62. It is made of rolled segments having flanges united by rivets, forming a tubular column. The manufacture of eye bars by hydrau- lic pressure for bridge links, was begun in 1866, and these with the Phoenix column largely led to the development of the American type of bridges. In 1S70, the works occupied an area of thirty acres ; in 1871, forty acres were added and a new mill building covering six and a quarter acres under a single roof was erected with so man}- improvements that it served as a model for the Centennial Exhibition Buildings in Philadelphia in 1876. The valuable patterns belonging to the works are stored in a fire-proof building. The additions and improvements from 1S71 to 1S91 are too numerous to mention in detail. Open hearth steel furnaces, blooming mills, boilers, pumps and other auxiliaries have been erected, in fact everything necessary has been done for the formation of a complete establishment for manufacturing iron and steel from the ore into a large variety of finished structures of the most modern and improved t3*pes. The works of the Phienix Iron Company are located at Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, and are most conveniently situ- ated with respect to the ore beds and coal fields of the eastern part of the State. They are within quirk reach of the markets of the country by the Philadelphia oc Reading and the Pennsylvania Rail- roads. Among the additional products manufactured, are I- beams, deck-beams, channels, angles, zee-liars, bulbs and other shapes, and round, flat and square bars of all sizes, especially adapted for bridge and ship buildi proof buildings. Phoenix columns and upset eye-bars, of all sizes, roof trusses, girders, joists and built up shapes of every description, are made to order upon their own or the designs of architects and engineers. The officers are, David Reeves, President ; Geo. Gerry White, Secretary ; James O. Pease, Treasurer; and Wm. H. Reeves, General Superintendent. The main office of the Company is located at No. |i" Walnut street, Philadelphia, and there are agencies in New York, Boston and Chicago. THE PHCENIX BRIDGE COMPANY Recently known as The Phcenixville Bridge Works, and formerly conducted by Clark, Reeves & Co., have perfected arrangements with the Phcenix Iron Company, which gives them new facilities for concentrating the productive plants of that Company upon the construction of bridges, roofs, viaducts, etc. The present capacity of the Company thus reaches an annual amount of thirty thousand to thirty-five thousand tons of finished material. They have facilities for increase if required. No material is admitted in the construction of the Company except that of the very best quality and which by its nature is best adapted to the resist- ing of the stress acting upon it. There is a careful study in each case of all the circumstances applying thereto and all parts to the smallest detail, are designed to enable them to exert the resisting capacity of the metal in the simplest and most advantageous manner. The quality of the material of the Phcenix Bridge Company is completely under its own control, as essentially it is all produced by the Phoenix Iron Company ; thus every part of the process of production is so adjusted to the others, that any quality of material best adapted to any particular construction may be secured with certainty. On the first of May, 1S91, there were on hand orders amounting in weight to 16,000 tons. Among these, were the bridge spanning the Ohio River at Louisville, Kentucky, and one crossing the Missouri River at Sioux City, Iowa. Each of these bridges will have a great length of span, from 550 to 553 feet. They have also under construction a viaduct over 2000 feet in length which will be 350 feet in height. Among other important constructions of this firm are the Manhattan and Suburban Elevated Railways of New York City, The King's County Elevated and The Fulton Elevated Railways of Brooklyn, New York, the Merchant's Terminal of St. Louis, the Short Line Elevated at Louisville, Kin/.ua Viaduct, Bridge over the Mississippi River at Keiths- burg, 111., Rondout Bridge on West Shore Railroad and the Cincinnati and Ohio Bridge at Cincinnati, Ohio. The latter bridge has the longest and heaviest pin span known — 550 feet, being for double track railway and double line of roadway, and street car as well as sidewalks. Also the bridge over the Colorado River at Needles, West Cali- fornia, which is the longest cantilever span in the United States. The officers are. David Reeves, President ; Adolphus Bonzano, Vice-President and Chief Engineer ; W. H. Reeves, C.eneral Superintendent ; and Frank T. Davis, Treasurer. The offices are located at No. 410 Walnut street, Phila- delphia, No. 49 William street, New Y'ork, and there are agencies in Kansas City, Mo., London, England, and Syd- ney, Australia. 109 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. PENNSYLVANIA IRON WORKS COMPANY The Pennsylvania Iron Works Company is one of the latest additions to Philadelphia's rapidly and constantly increasing list of industries, having been incorporated under the laws of Pennsyl- vania in [886, and although young in years, they have attained a prominence which places them among the leading manufacturing establishments of the city and of the State. Besides being builders of cable railroads, gas works machinery, the latest improved Greene engine, Rankin refrigerating and ice machinery, foundry, pattern and machine work of all kinds and descriptions, they arc also successful contracting engineers. The company have offices at Nos. 9 and 11 Wall street, New York. The general offices aud works are located at fiftieth street and Merion avenue, and form an immense and com- plete plant, which grouped together form a building containing 324,000 square feet, three stories high, divided into five depart- ments, the dimensions of which are as follows : machine shop, No. 1, 7.1x150 feet ; machine shop, No. 2, 75x125 feet ; erecting shop, 75x200 feet; foundry, 100x200 feet; ice machine department, 80x125 f° c t- Machine shop, No. 1, on the first floor, is equipped with lathes, planers, boring mills and drill presses for heavy work, and a twenty-ton capacity Sellers' travelling crane ; on the second floor there are twenty-five lathes, drill presses and machinery for turning out lighter work, while the third floor is divided into draughting room and pattern shop. Machine shop, No. 2, is fitted up with boring mills, lathes, etc., for finishing wheels or other machinery for the cable system. It also contains a large travelling crane of Sellers manufacture, which has a lifting capacity of thirty tons, with three simultaneous movements, and travels at a speed of 200 feet per minute. The erecting shop also has a fine equipment, consisting of bor- ing mills, pits, etc., for turning out still heavier wheels of largest diameter, and has floor space tor the completion and erection of machinery from the different shops in order to test and determine the perfection of the same. Its equipment also includes another monster travelling crane (Morgan's make 1, which travels the entire length of the shop at the rate of 200 feet per minute. The foundry contains 20,000 square feet of floor space, and has two of the largest diameter " Colliau " cupolas with a melting capacity of sixty tons per day. It is unquestionably one of the most complete foundries in the city, and it contains every known appliance by which work can be greatly accelerated, easily and readily handled, including cranes similar to that in Machine shop, No. 1, by which castings are carried directly to the various shops. The most important branch of the company's business is their cable railroad work, in which they have already won a national reputation with the indications that they will soon distance all competitors. Thev contract for erecting complete cable railroads, making all necessary surveys of the streets, furnishing all the designs and plans aud manufacturing all the street work material, wheels, gearing, boilers, engines, winding, driving and rope drive machinery required, in fact, turning over when finished a complete cable railroad, erected and ready for traffic. They also re-design and construct the machinery necessary to increase the power aud improve a plant alreadv erected and found inadequate for the purposes intended. A lining the plants constructed by this company arc two power sta- tions for the Philadelphia Traction Company, those erected for the West Chicago Railroad Company, corner West Madison and Roch- well streets, Chicago, and two power stations for the Baltimore Trac- tion Company, Baltimore, Md., and are now building a second sta- tion for the West Chicago Street Railway Co., at corner of Washing- ton aud Desplaines sts. They are now shipping to New York for the Broadway and Seventh Avenue Railroad Company all the material for the new cable road which is in process of construction on Broad- way, in that city, and have recently been awarded the contract from the Third Avenue Railroad Company, of New York, for two power stations, one at Sixty-fifth street and Third avenue, and the other at Bayard street and the Bowery. It will require eight months to build the road, and the com- pany is now turning out the machinery as rapidly as possible. There was a spirited contesl in the endeavoi to receive this mon- ster contract, and firms from all over the Unit bid for it. A special committee was appointed by tin- railroad company to investigate the claims put forward by the contestants and they spent three months in careful inquiry and examinatio ciding it in favor of the Pennsylvania Iron Works Company, whom the\ found better equipped for the work than any of their compet- itors. It is by far the largest contract for cable power stations ever awarded to any company in the world, and its magnitude can be easily understood when we state that the two stations will contain forty-eight 150 horse-power boilers, and the engines will develop 9,000 horse power. There will be seven rope driving wheels, }2 feet in diameter and 7 feet face, and other machinery in like pro- portions. The ice machine department has a full complement of the best adapted machinery for the purpose intended, aud here are built the justly celebrated Rankin Patent Absorption Ice Machines, their capacity ranging from 5 to 100 tons per day. These machines, in theirgeneral construction, are different from all otherdevices for ice making or refrigeration, all parts being simple in construction, interchangeable and easy of access, and all objectionable features removed by late improvements. They have no superior in durability and are unexcelled in continuous and reliable working. They are guaranteed not to be exceeded in the number of consecutive hours of successful operation during a season and to produce as clear, pure ice or as low a temperature as the best power machines of same capacity, at lower cost, because no engine or motive power is used excepta small feed pump, which is required to return the strong ammonia water to the still, performing the same duty as the feed pump to a boiler. The machines are now being used largely for the manufacture of ice, aud refrigeration for family use and all other purposes, and have proved highly successful in refrigerating brewer- ies, cold storage houses, oil and chemical factories. The company have built forty-five of these machines in the last eighteen months, and are building up a wonderfully prosperous trade in this line of their product, not only in this city, but throughout the United States, while several of the machines have been exported to Cuba and other South American countries, where the refrigeration is used in hospit- als for reducing the temperature in wards in which yellow fever cases are confined. Among the local firms which have been sup- plied with these machines are: J. H. Michener & Co., ham curers ; Edson Brothers, produce commission merchants ; Gladstone Apart- ment Company, Rieger & Gretz Brewing Company, Joseph Reiger, brewer, ami many others. We have dwelt largely upon these branches of the busi- ness, cable railroad machinery and ice machines; because they rank among our most modern inventions, but the company does not confine itself to this work alone, as they have other specialties in additiou, one of which is the furnishing complete of gas works, aud in this they have been as successful as in the branches noted above, as can be testified to by the general excellence and high standard of tlic gas works they recently built in the Twenty-fifth Ward of this city, the capacity of its production being over 10.000,- 000 feet per clay, which is said to be the largest water gas works constructed by any company in the United States. As to the steam engines manufactured by this company, sufficient will have been said of them when the claims, so often proven reliable, of the com- pany are repeated. They are built for service, are especially adapted for severe service, are fully tested under steam before leaving works, are fully guaranteed, none but the best materials are used, the workmanship is superior; economy the company's stronghold, superiority their primary consideration ; cheapness secondary and prices low when the quality is considered. These claims apply with equal truth and force to all the products of the company, and by living up to their representations to the most minute d. 1 one reason the firm has attained its wonderful success. Thi ploy from 300 to 350 skilled mechanics, beside keeping continu- ously employed directly under their control foundries and machine shops engaging the services of at least 1500 men. The officers of the company are: William I., Blkins, Jr., president; C. F. Kohl, vice-president; Howland Coit, secretary and treasurer; B. W. Grist, general manager and engineer; ]■',. A. Moore, assistant engineer. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHLLADFJ.PHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. THE RUE MANUFACTURING COMPANY Every steam-boiler must have means to supply it with water. Locomotives have " injectors " for the same purpose. The special " injectors " made by this Company are as follows, viz: The "Little Uiant," lifting Locomotive "Injector," Fixed Nozzle," non-lifting Locomotive " Injector," " Little Giant, 1S89," lifting Locomotive "Injector," combining all the latest improve- ments. "Little Giant Injector," non-lifting and lifting, for stationary, marine and portable boilers. The " Unique " single tube " Injector " " Boiler Washing and Testing Apparatus." This apparatus has a capacity of 4,000 gallons per hour, which enables one to blow out, wash and fill with hot water, and have engine ready for service in oue hour. The Rue Manufacturing Company was incorporated in 1872. The officers of the company are Henry Cramer, President; Ellwood Bonsall, Treasurer ; Henry F. Colvin, Secretary and General Manager. The works are at No. 215 Race street, spacious and ad- mirably supplied with every improved mechanical contrivance for rapid and economical methods of manufacture. The company's salesroom and office are at No. 116 North Ninth street. No firm in the country has been more painstaking in perfecting and in maintaining the highest standard for their products, it lias been their constant aim to improve and to perfect their inventions, and engineers realize the fact that for safety and economy, the "Rue Manufacturing Company's Injectors" lead all the rest. Other articles are made by the company, all of the highest practical worth and utility, viz: " Ejectors " and other jet apparatus, steam valves and boiler checks. From Mr. Samuel Rue, the former Superintendent, the company derives its name, and from his well attested inventive genius, the Little Giant Injectors made by this company became possible. Mr. Henry Cramer, the President of the company, is a German by birth, a resident here about forty years. Mr. Ellwood Bonsall, the Treasurer, is a native of this city, he formerly identified with real estate business. Mr. H. F. Colvin, the manager and mechani- cal superintendent of the business, was born in Plainfield, Conn. About the year 1878, he came to this city in the interest of the Rue Manufacturing Company, with which he continued till 1SS3, when he was tendered and accepted the responsible position he has since so satisfactorily filled. Among the many inventions Mr. Colvin has made are the "Fixed Nozzle " non-lifting injector, the "Unique" single tube injector, and the "Paradox" automatic self-regulating injector. The officers of the company are all enterprising and progress- ive business men, seeking not only their own interests, but always mindful of those which tend to the advantage of Philadelphia. THE HORN, BRANNEN, & FORSYTH MANUFACTURING COMPANY (Incorporated) The largest manufactory of Gas fixtures, Electroliers and Art Brass work in Philadelphia, was originally established by Herman Horn the present Superintendent. Mr. Horn was born in Ger- many and came to this country with his mother when he was only two years of age. He resided in New York city for some time and was first em- ployed there by Messrs. Archer & Pancoast, where he acquired a thorough knowledge of all appertaining to the Gas Fixture busi- ness. He then served in the war in the northern army for three years, passing through many battles and engagements ; he came to Philadelphia and engaged with the firm of Miskev, Merrill & Thackara at Fourth and Race streets, and in 1879 commenced business himself with a Mr. Pfefferon Sansom street above Eighth. In 1S81 he joined James Branneu and Henrv Donahue, making the firm of Horn, Pfelfer & Branneu, at the corner of old York road and Fifth street, and in [883 they were incorporated and moved to 1218 South Eighth street, when" Mr. Pfctfer left the business and the name of the firm was altered to the Horn & Branneu Manufac- turing Company. In January, 1S85, Mr. Charles S. Forsyth joined the Company which then became the Horn, Braunen & Forsvth Manufacturing Company. In April, 1SS7, they purchased the property on North Broad street, and after altering and reconstructing same, removed their business there in August of the same year. Mr. Brannen is a Philadelphian by birth and served his time as a machinist at 18th below Market. He enlisted in the 140th Penn- sylvania Regiment, three mouths men, and served in the navy as assistant engineer ; after which he was employed by the firm of Miskey, Merrill & Thackara, leaving them to become a member of the present firm of which he is treasurer, Mr. Charles S. Forsyth is also a Philadelphian and served his time as machinist with William Sellers & Co. , afterwards he became connected with Messrs. Baker, Arnold & Co., then Cornelius & Co., which house he left to join the present Company of which he is now secretary. Mr. Henry Donahue was born in Ireland, and came to this country as a boy. He was engaged for many years in the liquor business at 40th and Market streets, and was special partner of the firm of Horn, Pfeifer & Brannen, becoming President of the Com- pany immediately on their incorporation. The business premises are composed of a large building having a frontage of 90 feet on Broad street and 140 on Noble street and consists of four floors. On the first floor are the offices and show rooms. On the second floor is the designing department, modeling, store room and polishing room. On the third floor the stock room, the finishing room, and in this room all goods are thoroughly over- hauled and examined before shipment. On the fourth floor'all the fixtures are manufactured and the shells are spun and everything appertaining to the production of the articles in their various details are carried out. In the rear, on the ground floor is the engine and boiler room. The engine is 60 horse-power and the two boilers are 50 horse-power each. In the large open yard here, the foundry is located, where all the brass castings are made. Here also is the iron shop where all the gas and electric fixtures in wrought iron are made. The shipping department is situated at the rear of the third floor and is connected with the yard by an elevator, which enables them to load all their goods in the yard, thus doing away with any blocking up of the road or side-walk in front of the business premises. The firm manufactures all kinds of gas fixtures, chandeliers, electro- liers, candelabras, bronze figures, and art brass work of every description. They are wholesale and retail dealers and employ about 200 hands. They export considerable to all parts of South America, Brazil and Mexico. They have fitted up many of the largest houses in Philadelphia and lately completed their contract for all the combination fixtures in the apartment house situated at nth and Pine streets. They have also just finished for the United States, the Court House and Post-office at Rochester, New York ; Carson City, Nevada ; San Antonio, Texas, and also many of the largest hotels in the country. The works are considerably the largest of their kind in Phila- delphia, and are well worth a visit. A. J. MEDLAR COMPANY The city of Philadelphia has been able to supply home demands in almost every line of trade, especially is this the case in the man- ufacture of all kinds of cakes, biscuits, and everything of that nature. The firm of A. J. Medlar Company occupv a prominent position among the bakers of the city. The business had its incep- tion in 1879, the capital at first being only $15,000 ; since that time it has been gradually increased, until at present the capital and accrued profits amount to nearly $65,000. With what success the business has been attended can be judged from the preceding fig- ures. The premises occupied as a factory are situateil on Fair- mount avenue below Fifteenth street. The building has a frontage of about 100 feet, and extends back 80 feet. It is built of brick, three stories in height and arranged in the most approved manner, every precaution being taken to guard against fire from any source. The third floor is used as the packing room, here all the freshly baked product is put into cans in the most careful manner, so that there will be none broken. On second floor are situated the three large reel ovens, these are the latest appliances for baking crackers, and consist of an immense wheel slowly revolving within an oven, thus giving every pan an equal amount of heat. The mixing and cutting machines are also cm this floor. Some of these are of the most intricate workmanship, and with the limited space at our dis- posal it would be impossible to give an adequate description of them. The product consists of the finest class of sweet cakes and crackers, besides all kinds of biscuits and hard crackers. Some idea of the variety made may be taken from the fact that at present they are making 160 different kinds, from hard tack to the choicest pound cake. The trade of the house is almost entirely local. The suc- cess of the venture has been entirely due to the careful and conser- vative management adopted by the directors. Mr. Medlar is really the practical man of the firm. He was formerly associated with Mr. Godfrey Keebler for many years. Francis H. Savior, president ; William C. Kleinert, secretary and treasurer ; John Seitz and A. J. Medlar, comprise the Board of Directors and managers, and all the success of the past and the out- look for the future rest upon their shoulders. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA'S. MANUFACTURERS. PHILADELPHIA SHAFTING WORKS The Philadelphia Shafting Works of Mr. CtCO. V. Cresson is undoubtedly one of the best known and probably the most exten- sive and complete establishment for the manufacture of machinery and appliances for the transmission of power in the United Slates. This great enterprise was inaugurated by the present proprietor in [859, and from a small beginning has attained almost gigantic pro- portions with connections and trade in every important manu- facturing town or city in the United States and even beyond the limits of the American continent. From its inception the trade of Mr. Cresson increased so rapidly as to necessitate frequent exten- sions and removals, until in 18S.S, when he erected his costly and extensive plant at Eighteenth street and Allegheny avenue. The buildings cover at this point two and one half acres of ground, and are equipped with every requisite in the way of labor saving machinery of the most improved patterns and appliances of latest designs for his vast business operations. The location on the line of the railroad is a most desirable one for Mr. Cresson 's purposes, and sidings from the main line extend to all parts of the building, hangers and pulleys of every size and description, parting 01 split pulleys, clamp hub, mule and girdle pulleys, patent adjustal pulley arrangements, parting hangers, etc., of which a large and varied supply are kept in stock. The shafting manufactured hero, after being polished is coupled together as ordered, and tested, so that no imperfections may be found when erected. Spur, bevel and mitre gearing cast or cut to order and angle plates and bearings of all sizes are made to run in pairs or sets of three or four wheels as may be desired. Among the patented specialties made at these works, some of the most important are the patent internal clamp coupling for shafting, conceded by all who have used it to be UK- simplest, lighter and with a more powerful hold on the shaft than any other in use ; patent ball and socket adjustable hangers, new self-oil- ing hangers, positive and reliable in their action, guaranteed to oil the bearing its entire length ; patent improved double braced part- ing post hangers, patent mule pulley and patent adjustable guide pullev stands; patent adjustable loose pulley arrangement, anil many others of greater or less importance. The system of upright shafting to carry power into high buildings now so often coming into use was first introduced by Mr. Cresson in 1870, and this sys- 8«|V!U^ The Philadelphia Shafting Works affording every facility for receipt of coal, coke, metal, etc., and for shipment of the finished product of the works. The buildings are so constructed with reference to the railroad sidings, that the ponderous machinery, shafting, etc., can be loaded upon the cars at the works simply by the force of gravity. The main building devoted to machinery is 50 x 500 feet in dimensions, all in one floor and so arranged that an unobstructed view can be had over the whole machine department. The found- eries, engine and pattern rooms, are conveniently located and the equipment of the works throughout make this plant a model of completeness. The office buildings arc handsome and imposing. The main pulley in the machine shop is a marvel of ingenuity. It is so arranged as to drive three shafts from it, one for the machine shop, one for the foundry and one for the electric light plant. The output of the concern is enormous, and a force of 250 men are required in the several departments of the works. Among the numerous appliances manufactured here, there are many special- ties, some of which are in use in almost every manufactory in the countrv, and in many foreign manufacturing centres. The output comprises shafting and its appurtenances of every description, including every requisite for the transmission of power, and many novelties of recent invention of utmost importance to manufacturers. The list of these appliances amongst numerous others comprises tern has been perfected from time to time, until now it can be said to be one of the most useful modes of driving machinery. It has been extensively introduced into many of the finest buildings in Philadelphia, New York and other cities and gives perfect satisfac- tion wherever erected. The idea was first suggested by Dr. Jayne and was first erected in the building of that gentleman, after the disaster fell which ruined his great establishment. The usefulness of this mode of driving is shown by the fact that insurance com- panies are now recognizing its use in preventing the spread of fires and will make concessions in rates where buildings are shafted in this manner. Bach room by this method of shafting is entirely independent of the other rooms, when in the old way everj belt hole was a means of spreading tires. It is a perfect piece of mech- anism and well worthy of attention. From the beginning Mr. Cresson has maintained the highest standard of work. He has never competed with any cheap work and such is his reputation throughout the country, that he has long since distanced competition in many lines of manufacture, and has won golden opinions from all with whom he has established business relations at home and abroad in England, Scotland, Ger- many, and in fact continental Europe generally. He is recognized as a leader in his line and one of the large factors in giving Phila- delphia its supremacy as a manufacturing centre. "3 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. MANUFACTURERS. THE DELAWARE RIVER CHEMICAL WORKS This Company represents several important branches of manu- facture, two of which at least have very direct bearing upon the industrial prosperity of the country : The production of animal charcoal for refining sugar from, a once neglected article — animal bones ; and the scientific preparation of concentrated fertilizers for the country's varied agriculture. These may be singled out from the multiform productions of the above named chemical works as being thus representative. From year to year since the founding of this enterprise, their importance has been more and more manifest. Early in 1S55 the manufacture of fertilizers was begun in con- nection with their other business in Chester county, Pennsylvania, by the elders of the present Company. They had made a close study of the subject and were convinced that a fertilizer made from raw bones would be in many ways superior and that its manufacture would be a success. Such it has proved. The early firm was the pioneer in the manufacture of fertilizers from the raw bones and now conducts the largest manufactory in that line in the country. The bones come from South America, the Mediterranean and India ports and all parts of the United States. The native phos- phates used are from the Southern States. The combination of these materials affords all the necessary ingredients for plant food. The long experience of the firm, its reputation all over the United States and the great extent of the business, increasing from a specially constructed brick building, containing every modern appliance for testing, by analytical and other scientific research, not only crude material but also the guaranteed standards upon which the products of the works are sold. The officers of the Company are : Daniel Baugh, president ; Edwin P. Baugh, Jr., vice-president; Chauucey R. Baugh, second vice-president and secretary ; John Barnard, treasurer. The main office is at No. 20 South Delaware avenue, Philadelphia. Branch houses, Baltimore, Md.; Norfolk, Va.; and Galveston, Texas. The Company's export trade extends to England, France, Ger- many and other foreign countries. WASHINGTON BUTCHER'S SONS Washington Butcher's Sous, established 1760, pork packers, wholesale provision dealers, lard refiners, dealers in cotton seed oil, and sole agents for pure sugar loaf syrup. This eminent house was established while vet the American Colonies owed allegiance to the British Crown ; sixteen vears before the Revolutionary War. It is by far the oldest house of its kind in the United States, having been founded by the great-great- grandfather of the present Messrs. Butcher, Mr. John Butcher, who was succeeded by Mr. Job Butcher who built up the leading pro- The Delaware River Chemical Works year to year, bear witness to the value of these chemicals and fer- tilizers, and to the importance of the house to the commercial inter- ests of Philadelphia. The new business was first conducted at the tannery in Chester county in 1S55 as stated, by John P. Baugh and his sous Edwin P. and Daniel. About the year 1S60 they removed to the present location at the foot of Morris to Moore streets. The "Baugh & Sons Company" was subsequently incorporated and owns and manages the Delaware River Chemical Works at the above location. The Works are a marvel of completeness in their adaptability to the interests represented in the several departments. All the processes of manufacturing in this establishment areas com- plete as long experience and chemical skill combined with the most complete apparatus for the purpose, can suggest. The original scope of the business has been largely extended. Among the prod- ucts of the Company are animal charcoal for sugar refining, sal ammoniac, carbonate of ammonia, sulphate of ammonia and other salts, bone fertilizers, acid phosphate, glue, oils, etc. The produc- tion of special brands of ammoniated fertilizers and private formulae for a vast and increasing demand throughout the country calls for the ample facilities which here exist. The area covered by build- ings — which are mainly of brick and iron — and the surrounding shedding, wharves and railroad sidings, is over twenty acres. The property has a river frontage of five hundred feet. Steamships drawing thirty feet of water can lay at the wharves; while every desired facility for interior shipments is found by railroad siding's (of which there are over three miles upon the property) extending into every department of the works and connecting with the B. & O., P. R. R., and P. & R. R. R. Prompt shipment to all points is therefore assured. The wharves and sidings of the Delaware River Chemical Works are always the scene of systematic activity. A completely appointed laboratory is located on the premises. It is vision trade of the city of Philadelphia, numbering among his customers many of the most prominent merchants of that time. The present firm have in their possession among the inheritance handed down, papers and receipts of historic interest, displaying business transactions with Stephen Girard, Robert Morris, and others. Mr. Job Butcher was succeeded by Mr. Amos Butcher, and he was followed by the firm of T. T. & W. Butcher, and they were succeeded by Butcher Brothers, and they again by the well-known firm of Washington Butcher & Son, and in 1873, upon the decease of Mr. Washington Butcher, after a long, honorable, and eminently useful career, the present firm under the title of Washington Butcher's Sous was organized and continues the same character of business that has been carried on by this house for one hundred and thirty-one years. The principal office and warehouse being located at 146 and 14S North Front street. A branch house is also situated in Chicago, and the}* are in every way admirably equipped for doing a large wholesale trade in provisions, lard oils, cotton seed oils, and curing materials for packers. They also have a large cold storage warehouse, refrigerated by artificial refrigeration, having been one of the first houses to introduce this method, and a large cold storage business is done. They also have several large, well established, and well conducted retail markets in different sections of the city, where a general business is done in provisions, produce, and groceries. An appreciative, enterprising, progressive spirit has always characterized this firm and they have been leaders rather than followers in the march of modern methods and means in the conduct of business. Their well deserved reputation for honorable, upright business principles is well known all over the United States and in many foreign ports, where the}' have done busiuess. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. LOCKWOOD MANUFACTURING COMPANY Manufacture exclusively, envelopes, tags, patent folding boxes, &c. This business was instituted thirty-three years ago, by Mr. William E. Lockwoorl. In 1884 he became associated with his brother, Mr. E. Dunbar Lockwood, and ultimately the firm became known as W. E. & E. D. Lockwood. Mr. YV. E. Lockwood began life in a wholesale dry goods house. After many years' hard work he launched himself in business in 1S56, in the dry goods package commission business. In 1S58 he became the first successful man- ufacturer of paper collars and ultimately invented a means by which he could make tags, direction labels, &c, from the waste accumulating from the manufacture of collars. These improve- ments lie patented from time to time, and those patents which ap- plied exclusively to collars he sold in 1S66 for a handsome sum to the Union Paper Company of New York. The factory was first located at Fairmouut, Philadelphia. In December, i860, it was moved to their present spacious establish- ment. In 1 S66 they added to the establishment the manufacture of envelopes. The envelopes the}- now produced left hand work in the distance and having the finest machinery in the world at their command, they could easily manufacture envelopes at the rate of 120 a minute. Still pushing onward they developed a new and last- ing improvement in the manufacture of folding paper boxes, and the machinery for producing the same. To supply the market, they perfected and issued paper boxes which were known as ' ' collaps- ing" or folding boxes. Then they manufactured a paper box for shipping goods, and this box is now recognized by all the large houses as the only box that exactly meets their requirements for shipping purposes. Messrs. Lockwood have designed and construct- ed special machinery for this work, and are now in a position to produce and manufacture these boxes from 150 to 200 a minute. The manufacturing premises are situated at 251 and 253 South Third street, and the firm have been established here for over 30 years. The building is seven stories high, with a frontage of 27 feet and a depth of 187. There are two forty-five horse-power boil- ers, one forty horse-power engine, aud within the building are elevators and the whole manufactory is heated by steam. The firm employ regularly 200 hands, and, when very busy, often more, aud they manufacture on an average from 2,000,000 to 2,500,000 enve- lopes per day, and 750,000 paper boxes per day. The trade is solely with the large manufacturers and stationers and dry goods houses, confectioners, icecream saloons, oyster saloons, cracker manufac- turers, medicine firms, and in fact nearly every firm that requires a natty box for the packing of their goods for the customers. The firm, with the order, print the name and location of the firm, if required, on the box. The Messrs. Lockwood have made their house noted not only in the United States, but throughout the civ- ilized world, their exports being very considerable. The firm have twenty-two printing presses in operation ; each floor has its own machine shop, and its own foreman, and the whole establishment is conducted and guided as if regulated by clock work. Mr. W. E. Lockwood is a native of Ashtabula, Ashtabula coun- ty, Ohio, aud has resided in Philadelphia for oyer forty years, and is in himself a born mechanic. He is also the managing director of the Shaw Locomotive Co. Mr. E. Dunbar Lockwood was also born in Ashtabula, but has resided here since boyhood, and since 1864, jointly with his brother, he has been entirely identified with him in the manufacture of envelopes, tags, and paper boxes. Mr. Lockwood was actively engaged on the Centennial Committee of 1876. He is a Director of the Order of the Sons of the Revolution ; he was one of the Committee of Labor who raised One Million for the soldier victims of the war, and formed the famous Committee of One Hundred. He also jointly compiled with Mr. Frederick A. Holden, the " Colonial Revolutionary History of their Family in America from 1630." SAMUEL H. FRENCH & CO. This well known linn, manufacturers of paints ami builders' supplies, was established in [844. The senior member, Mr. Samuel H. French, now in his seventy-fifth year, is of Quaker ancestry, having descended from Thomas French, who came to this country in 1677. When Mr. Samuel H. French was sixteen years old his father died, after which event he resided at Salem, Ohio, for a limited time, but shortly afterwards returned to Philadelphia, and asso- ciated himself with his brother, the late Clayton French, and W. H. Richards, in the drug and paint business, as French ..V Richards. In 1S52 Samuel H. French purchased from Edward and Paschall Coggins the Plaster Mills located at York avenue, Crown and Callowhill streets. On October 1, 1854, the entire factory portion of their building was destroyed by fire. A large and substantial four-story building was erected upon the site of the fire, with all the most modern appliances for the production of plaster and manufacture of paints, and the factory was in full oper- ation on the 15th day of February, 1855. In 1857 they erected a five-story building extending from York avenue to Fourth street, and running south from Callowhill street. This they connected with their factory building on the west side of the street, by a tunnel under York avenue. About this time Mr. Richards died and shortly afterwards Mr. John E. Morey was admitted to the firm. He, however, did not long survive his predecessor, and the two brothers were again left alone in the business. In 1864, they erected a large storehouse, about 50 x 140 feet on Noble street, between Fourth and York avenue, aud the following year purchased a lot running east from York avenue, between Noble and Buttonwood, upon which they erected a commodious stable capable of accom- modating twenty-two horses and the wagons necessary for the proper conduct of their business. On October 3, 1865, their drug Store at the northwest corner of Tenth and Market streets, was destroyed by fire. The building took fire at ten o'clock at night, and the following morning at nine o'clock found them located at 630 Market street, where they remained for a few mouths until they had leased the Franklin Market House, located on Tenth street above Chestnut. Here they remained for about two years until they had re-built their stores at the northwest corner of Tenth and Mar- ket streets, into which they moved late in the year 1S67, after which the Franklin Building was remodelled for the Mercantile Library Company, who still occupy it. Mr. Edwin Morey, a brother of their former partner, was admitted to the firm about the year 1861, withdrawing just previous to the fire in 1865, and on January 1, 1866, Mr. C. W. Funk and William Hazleton, Jr., were admitted to a partnership. It was deemed desirable to separate the business, which was done by Mr. Samuel H. French, continuing the manufacturing department and Clayton French, C. W. Funk and William Hazleton, Jr., the drug department. Upon the separation Mr. Samuel H. French connected with him his sous William A. and Howard B. French, and also John L. Longstreth, who had been connected with their manufacturing department since 1S52. ShortPj after this change they established a factory at Third ami Vine streets, Camden, N. J., where they manufacture their architectural ornaments, etc. On April 10, 1S86, the firm sustainsd a severe loss in the death from pneumonia of Mr. William A. French. Their principal business is the manufacture of paints, including white lead and colors, among which their brand of " Buck Lead " is well and favorably known throughout the United States. They are also large importers of Portland Cement and Plaster. They have as a branch of their businessa Builder's Supplies I >i partment, which includes wooden and slate mantels, fire-place goods, tile, architectural ornaments, plain aud ornamental glass. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIAXS. MANUFACTURERS. THE S. S. WHITE DENTAL MANUFACTURING CO. Iu at least one department of industrial enterprise Philadelphia confessedly leads the world. The manufacture of supplies for dentists has for many years had its recognized headquarters here, at the home of the most extensive house engaged in the business in either hemisphere. The foundations of this house, The S. S. White Dental Manufacturing Co., were laid in 1S44, when the late Dr. Samuel S. White established himself at the corner of Seventh and Race streets for the manufacture of " mineral teeth," now known as porcelain teeth. The beginning was humble, but Dr. White set out to win success by deserving it. His modest venture gradually expanded into a vast establishment which, like Ben Adhem's name, " led all the rest." After the death of the founder in 1879, the present company was formed with a paid-up capital of $1,000,000, the articles of incorporation bearing date 1.SS1. Its prosperity has been almost unexampled, but it would be strange if a business which builded conscientiously and consistently upon the principle that " the best is the cheapest," as a corner-stone, was not prosperous ; especially if, as in this case, it was coupled with far-reaching enter- prise, careful, conservative management, keen business insight and foresight, and practical manufacturing judgment. S. S. White Dental Company Originating almost contemporaneously with modern dentistry this house has kept pace with this youngest and most vigorous of the professions, the advancement of the one reflecting the growth of the other. Scarcely an important improvement has been made iu dental appliances but has had its inception or reached its perfec- tion through this great establishment. The S. S. White Dental Manufacturing Co. makes every article used by dentists in their business, from the most delicate broach to the costliest chair. There is perhaps no other business under the sun involving so vast an amount of manufacturing detail, vet throughout the almost endless variety of the products of this house, there is no one thing in which its trade-mark S'S does not carry- to the discerning dentist the feeling that it is the standard of qualitv and fitness. The main house, the home office, is at the southeast corner of Chestnut and Twelfth streets, the building having been specially erected for its uses some twenty-two years ago. The entire manu- facturing business was carried on within its walls at first, though even then it led the van in its field of effort. To-day the company has three large factories, in which hundreds of people find steady, profitable employment. Branch houses in New York, Boston, Chicago, Brooklyn and Atlanta help to distribute the goods made in these factories, which also are handled by every reputable dealer in dentists' supplies from Philadelphia to far-off Australia. HAINES, JONES & CADBURY CO. The firm, manufacturers of plumbing and sanitary goods, was incorporated under the laws of Pennsylvania, November I ith, iNSS, with a capital of $250,000, but the business was originally estab- lished in 1858 by W. S. Cooper, who, after running it for awhile, admitted Thomas J. Jones as a partner, and the firm name became Cooper & Jones. Other gentlemen were admitted to membership later, and the firm name was changed successively to Cooper, Jones & Cadbury, Haines, Jones & Cadbury, and finally became the Haines, Jones & Cadbury Company, as it is now known, with the following Board of Directors : William H. Haines, president ; William G. Warner, secretary ; S. T. Hoopes, treasurer; John W. Cadbury, Joel Cadbury, Joseph W. Sharp, Jr. The business is now located at No. 1 136 Ridge avenue, having removed from Seventh and Filbert streets in 1877. The building, which is four stories high, is about 150 feet square, and is conveniently equipped with appliances and machinery- of the latest patterns. Besides this have an immense plant at Allegheny, Pa., for the manufacture of porcelain-lined iron bath tubs, for which they have a great demand, owing to their superiority. The popular firm has every facility for supplying all kinds of plumbers' and steam fitters' supplies in the newest and most convenient designs. It is one of the largest in their line iu Philadelphia, doing a purely wholesale business, and under its present efficient management they have established a trade that extends from Maine to Texas, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, including an enormous demand from the local consumers, and besides, many of their goods are exported to England. They handle only 1 he finer grades of brass work and earthenware, and it was through their efforts that a better grade of goods is now becoming more generally used. Among the many specialties thev are partic- ularly interested in are the " Electric " and " The Perfecter " wash- out water-closets, both of which are of their own patents, and which have a reputation second to none in the country. It would be useless to describe their working, as their merits can only be appreciated after having seen them in actual use. A visit to the works on Ridge avenue isadvisable to those contemplating building, and there, from a large and varied stock, can be selected just what is needed, and that, too, without having to pay exorbitant prices. HEROY & CO. Among the commercial houses of Philadelphia which contribute largely to the enterprise of the city, the above firm, importers of plate and French sheet glass, and manufacturers of French looking- glass plates, is of very considerable importance, as their trade extends all over the continent, with customers in all of the principal cities. The firm of Heroy & Co. is a branch of the well known house of Heroy & Marrenner, and is located at No. 927 Arch street, under the management of Mr. Henry E. Sealey, a gentleman of long experience and great familiarity with the productions of the leading manufacturers of plate glass here and abroad. The house was established bv Mr. Sealey in Philadelphia in 1879 to meet the local trade of the New York house, and its growing trade from its southern anil western connection, as well as to obtain additional facilities for handling its importations. In Mr. Sealey's keeping the interest of the house here has in everv way been promoted and extended. The spacious warerooms at No. 927 Arch street are heavily stocked with the best qualities of imported and domestic plate and sheet glass, enabling him to fill all orders directly from stock. His facilities for supplying architects, builders and the general trade promptly, and on reasonable terms and prices as are obtain- able any^where, are not surpassed. Under Mr. Sealey's efficient management the trade of the firm has met with a yearly increase, and is now in its plate glass depart- ment the largest iu this market. Mr. Sealey is a native of this city, and is well and favorably- known in social as well as in business circles, he is recognized as a gentleman of ability, push and integrity, qualities which have brought success and ensure continuance in any field of commercial activity. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. E. C. KNIGHT & COMPANY E. C. Knight, the senior member of the firm of E. C. Knight & Co. , importers and sugar refiners, is without doubt one of the . ihlc-t persons in that business in the United States. The present establishment is the outgrowth of a business he started May ytli, 1S36. In 1S5 1 the firm name was changed from H. C. Knight to E. C. Knight & Co., several partners being admitted. The firm as at present constituted was formed in 1886, with Edward C. Knight, Sr., Edward C. Knight, Jr., Richard E. Clay, F. D. Laugenheim and Edward Browning as members. Thesenior member, a wonderfully preserved gentleman, retains much of that energy for which he was noted when a young man. He can be found daily at the office of the firm at Chestnut and Water streets when not occupied iu railroad or other important business. Their plant is an immense one, and was built in 1SS1 on Mr. Knight's property on Delaware avenue be- tween Bainbridge and South sts. It is considered one of the most complete and convenient refiner- ies in the country. The buildings have a frontage on Delaware ave- nue of 215 feet, running through to Swauson street, while the large storage houses extend from Swan- son to Penn street. Five of the buildings fronting on Delaware avenue are used for refining pur- poses, Nos. 1 and 2 being, when originally built, molasses houses. No. 3 contains the vacuum pans, granulators and packing ma- chinery, etc., ami is six stories in height. No. 4, which is eleven stories high, is the bone-black and filtering house, and is perfect- ly fire-proof for the first six stor- ies, and above that having an ar- rangement by which each floor cau be flooded with water in a very short space of time. No. 5 is the boiler house, and is equipped with four boilers of 500 horse- power each. The machinery is all of the most modern and ap- proved patterns, being self-acting or automatic, thereby reducing the number of hands and cost of pro- duction. The firm employ from 300 to 400 persons about their works. In the building fronting on Delaware avenue there are two copper pans of enormous size ; in fact they are among the largest and finest in the city, if not in the country, and have an estimated capacitv of 180 barrels of sugar each. The filters are 011 the fifth floor of the 11 story building, ami are twenty-four in number, ten feet in diameter and twenty-two feet high, with a capacity of 70, 000 lbs. each. Bone-black is an important factor in sugar refining and is used over and over again, being purified, burnt and cooled after each process. The quantity in use is about i,Soo,ooo pounds. The refinery is not dependent upon the city for its supply of water, having, besides two artesian wells on the premises and which throw two hundred and fifty gallons a minute, one twenty inch and one ten inch maiu running into the Delaware from which a large supply can be taken. The capacity of the refinery is about 1500 barrels per day, in- cluding granulated and soft sugars. The buildings were erected under the personal supervision of the late Robert J. Barr, then the chief engineer and superintendent for the firm, and are considered by experts as near perfection as it is pos ibl to make them. The shipping facilities of E. C. Knight ,\: Co. compare favora- bly in size with the immense refinery. They have a river in of two hundred and fifty feet, including two piers, at the 1 which is erected a large shed forstorage purposes. This, together with their warehouses, affords ample accommodation for 5 and 2,000 bogheads of sugar. The entire product of this great establishment is warranted per- fectly pure, no beet sugar, glucose or chemicals being allowed in the manufacture of sugar ; and the granulated and powdered sugars manufactured by them are by a patent process doubly dried. When we say that the refinery is continually run on full time, the reader will understand from the description of the works what an extensive business is done. Their trade is entirely wholesale, and is dis- tributed among the larger cities of the United States. Edward C. Knight was born in Gloucester county, N. J., on Decembers, [813. Giles Knight, his ancestor, came from Glouces- tershire, England, in the ship "Welcome" with William Penn and located in Byberry, where he died in 1726. The parents of E. C. Knight, Jonathan and Rebecca Collins Knight, were members of the Society of Friends. In 1S32 the son came to Philadelphia and engaged as clerk in the grocery store of Atkinson & Cuthbert. In 1836 he established himself in the grocery business on Chestnut street. Later he became an im- porter of coffee and ship owner. In 1S46 he removed to the south- east corner Chestnut and Water streets, where for nearly half a century he has continued. In 1S49 he became largely interested in the California trade. To Mr. Knight belongs the credit of de- signing and patenting the sleep- ing car, now known as the ' ' Pull- man Car." In the fifties the sleepers were fitted with rude " bunks," and on a journey from New Orleans Mr. Knight experi- encing all the discomfort in trav- eling in them, while on the road conceived the plans which have brought about such great comfort to the traveler by rail. On his return in 1859 he contracted with Murphy & Allison (now the Alli- son Manufacturing Co.) for building his first car. It was first used oil the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. He secured patents from the U.S. and soon the demand became enormous. About 1S6S the company organized by Mr. Knight sold their patents to Mr. Pull- man for something like 52,200,000. Mr. Knight is not only one of Philadelphia's most honored merchants, but is recognized as one of the leading railroad men of the city. He has been concerned in the following railroad companies as Director : Lackawaua S: Bloomsburgh, West Jersey. Pennsylvania. North Pennsylvania, Philadelphia S: Reading ; and President of the Jersey Central and Bound Brook. President of the American Steamship Company and director in many financial institutions. In i860 he was an elector 011 the Republican Presidential ticket. In 1873 he was a member of the Constitutional Convention. In 1S83 he was appointed a member of the Park Commission. He has for years been a director in the Union League. He was President and an active promoter of the Bi-Centennial Association of 18S2, PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA NS. MANUFACTURERS. BAEDER, ADAMSON & CO. Hail a directory of the manufacturing concerns in the City of Philadelphia been published in the year 1828, the firm of Baeder, Adamson & Co. would have appeared as makers of glue only. More than sixtv years after the firm appears as makers not ouly of glue, but also of curled hair, sand paper, and kindred articles. At the time the firm was founded the city population was less than 70,000. Now it is over 1,000,000. During this time the business of this house has increased and enlarged in even greater proportion. What was then a little factory on the old Cohocksink Creek is now an immense establishment covering forty acres on the River Dela- ware. Their entire annual product of glue then would not now begin to supplv their own consumption in the manufacture of sand paper. In addition to this they now have factories in Woburn, Mass., and Newark, N. J., either of which is larger than the origi- nal plant. Then the)' had no warehouse outside the works for the distribution of goods. Now they have stores in Philadelphia, New York, Chicago and Boston. Then their wares were all sold within one hundred miles of Philadelphia. Now they not only go into all parts of this country, but also as far east in Europe as Russia, as far south in the southern half of the Western Hemisphere as Chili, and even far-off Australia receives a share. Such is the partial record of an old Philadelphia house, Baeder, Adamson & Co., manufacturers of glue, curled hair and sand papers. Jewelers' League and of the Jewelers' Protection Association, public spirited and energetic business men, whose operations are not only a credit to them but of value to all that concerns the interests and progress of Philadelphia. SiftS DAVID F. CONOVER &CO. The business of this firm of manufacturing jewelry and watch cases was estab- lished thirty years ago by Mr. Edward A.Warne, who was succeeded by William B. Warne & Co. The co- partners being Mr. William B. Warne, a brother of the founder, and Mr. David F. Conover. This co-partner- ship continued until 1873, when Mr. Conover organ- ized the present firm, Mr. B. Frank Williams and Mr. ]•'.. Edgar Righter being ad- mitted into partnership. Mr. Righter retired 111 1SS4. This firm affords an ex- cellent illustration of the possibilities of well directed enterprise, in the great ex- tent of trade they have established throughout the United States. Both partners bringing to bear special qualifications for the conduct of their business, including large practical experience, perfected facilities, influential connections, ample resources and the skill and taste to produce original and beautiful designs in jewelry and watch cases of the highest standard. The firm manufactures full lines of jewelry sets, half and quarter sets and single pieces, and all jewelry celebrated for their artistic beauty and delicacy of workmanship. The firm has been especially celebrated as manufacturers of watch cases, adapted to casing all the principal American and foreign movements. Their rank in this line has received the highest encomiums from dealers and purchasers of artistic goods from all over the country. The firm are wholesale dealers in all the different makes of reliable American watches. They make a specialty of the American Watch Company's movements, and we learn that this company have just turned out the 500,000th movement of this popular movement manufactured at Waltham, Mass. We have just learned that at present writing this Company have just turned out 16 size j + -plate watch, being the 5,000,000th movement of that grade. The stock carried is large and complete, and several salesmen represent the house on the road in the Southern and Western States. The proprietors are universally popular and respected. Few business men enjoy a larger circle of friends and acquaintances than Mr. Conover or are more popularly esteemed. He was born in Danville, but has resided in Philadelphia since his boyhood. He is a member of the Union League, Manufacturers' Club and Art Club. Mr. Williams is a native of the city. They are members of the W. G. PENNYPACKER A representative and the most extensive cooperage house in Pennsylvania actively engaged in this steadily increasing industry, is that of W. G. Pennypacker, manufacturer of slack barrels, whose Quaker City Cooperage is eligibly located at Twenty-third street and Washington avenue. Mr. Pennypacker established the busi- ness about thirty -seven years ago. He supplies sugar refineries, millers, lime merchants, etc.. throughout all sections of Pennsyl- vania and New Jersey, with all descriptions of barrels, except those for liquids. The factory at Twenty-third street and Washing- ton avenue is a spacious two-story brick building, 130x320 feet in dimensions, with railroad siding alongside. The various depart- ments are full}- equipped with the latest improved appliances and machinery, and give employment to about 350 operatives, all of whom are skilled workmen. In December, 18S9, after finding his old quarters too small for his constantly increasing trade, Mr. Pennypacker started a second factory at the foot of Reed street, in connection with Spreckels' sugar refinery. It is three "— t^ _ stories high and 135 x 245 ■ " /-, _ feet in dimensions, its total l=J|§? capacity being 16,000 barrels ;i|g_ of all sizes per day. The „ . " ''". average capacity is 10,000 _ _ . __ barrels daily. Mr. Penny- packer is a native and resi- dent of Wilmington, Del. He is an honorable and progressive business man, universally popular and re- spected, and a worthy repre- sentative of this great staple industry. He has been prompt to meet the require- ments of his many patrons, whose ordei s are promptly and carefully filled, and to their entire satisfaction. KEYSTONE MARBLE COMPANY The Keystone Marble Company was organized in 1S53. Its firm name at that time was S. F. Jacoby & Co., and the business was conducted under that title until i860, when it was changed to G. W. Jacoby & Sou. No other change was made until 1SS9, when the Keystone Marble Company was organized and incorporated under the laws of Pennsylvania. Its officers are: C. S. Jacob)-, president ; G. W. Jacoby, secretary ; J. F. Jacoby, treasurer and general manager. The business consists principally of marble and onyx work of every description, including mantels, turning col- umns for statues and statuettes, etc. Their work is without excep- tion the finest in the country, their designs being as exquisitely attractive as they are original and novel. A visit to their large establishment, No. 2025 Market street, will be amply repaid, if one admires artistic and beautiful work of this kind. Their display is really magnificent and so extensive that one imagines he is exam- ining the exhibit at some prominent exposition. It could not well lie otherwise, however, with a management so able and experienced as that of the Messrs. Jacoby, each and every one of whom is as familiar with the work as the most skilled mechanic in their em- ploy. They seem to anticipate the requirements of the trade and never fail to meet them ; in fact instead of keeping apace with the times, they are generally in advance of it, and are the first in the market with some new design or improved feature. In evidence of these statements it is only necessary to mention a few of the many handsome buildings in which the result of the firm's handiwork is to be sccu. Among the number are the Drexel Building; Brown Bros. Building, Fourth and Chestnut streets ; Manhattan Building, Fourth and Walnut streets ; Commercial Union, No. 410 Walnut street; Presbyterian Hospital, Thirty-ninth street and Powelton avenue ; Hotel Gladstone, Eleventh and Pine streets. PHILADELPHIA AM) POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. McCALLUM & SL( )\\ This establishment is the oldest carpet manufacturing firm in the State of Pennsylvania, and the oldest, excepting one, in the United States. In 1X30 William McCallum, Scotchman and prac- tical dyer, who emigrated from Scotland to America a few years before, commenced the manufacture of ingrain carpets on Carpen- ter street, formerly Trullington's Lane, Germautown. In this building were built and erected the first Jacquard machines made in this country. These machines were made by two Scotchmen, practical ingrain carpet weavers, and were the first two men em- ployed by William McCallum. Previous to their engagement the men had been manufacturing fringe, rugs and mats in a small way on their own account, which business was continued with the man- ufacture of carpets by William McCallum ; having decided to make the manufacture of carpets his business Mr. McCallum sent for his brother Andrew, who was at that time engaged in the Mississippi trade, and with whom he had arranged to become a partner under the name of Andrew McCallum S: Co. In iS^i the brothers bought the mill and 20 acres of land from the spinning mill, with a large portion of the machinery, including the power looms, the substantial character of the building prevent- ing a much greater loss. The damage to the building was soon re- paired, and the destroyed machinery replaced by new. In a few months the business of the mills went on as before. In [855 Andrew McCallum died in the forty-ninth year of his age. H\ his death the firm was dissolved, and Mr. Hendrickson retired from the business and William McCallum became sole proprietor. In 1859 Hugh McCallum, Orlando Crease and A. J. Sloan became members of the firm under the style of McCallum & Co. The breaking out of the war caused great depression in the carpet trade. The firm concluded to erect a number of blanket looms and the necessary machinery for the manufacture of blankets for the government. At the close of the war the firm gave their entire attention to the carpet business. To William McCallum, more than to any one, is due the credit of originating the business, and to his perseverance and good judg- ment the long continued and successful growth and conduct of the same. In 1866 he retired from active participation and became a special partner, and so continued until his death in 1875, aged 72 Hugh McCallum James Burk, the then owner. For some time the mill was driven by a water-wheel. A steam engine and boiler were erected in 1835. In the same year additional weaving room was built and fifty looms added to the former number. Up to 1841 the firm had been manu- facturers only. In that year they succeeded to the jobbing business of Hendrickson & Clarkson, at 87 Chestnut street. Mr. Hendrick- son becoming a member of the firm. In 1842 a lot of English worsted machiucrv was imported, a mill in the neighborhood was rented. In 1845 a stone mill for spinning purposes, 50x100 feet, and four stories high, was erected. In 1846 six three-ply ingrain power looms, built by Alfred Jenks of Bridesburg, were started, being the first pow 7 er looms put in motion in Pennsylvania. An engine and boilers of 36 horse-power was erected to drive the ma- chinery in this mill. The mills becoming the largest mills in the State, 250 hands being employed. They were situated in a pleasant valley in which there is a well defined echo. This circumstance suggested to the brothers the name of Glen Echo for their mills, by which they are now known throughout the United States and Europe. The word Glen being used in remembrance of their native Scotland, where the term is common. At first the business of the brothers was necessarily small, employing but 25 to 30 hands. The number increasing with the increasing business. In 1853 the mills were visited by a fire which destroyed the roof and upper floors of A. J. Sloan years. In 1S67 a further increase was made by the erection of a stone mill 1S5X40 feet, and three stories high, in which 56 additional ingrain power looms were placed, and the worsted machinery doubled, also a steam engine and boilers were erected of 250 horse- power to drive the machinery, the number of hands employed being 350. Up to 1S75 the chief product of the mills was ingrain carpets, worsted and worsted yarns. In this year they commenced the manufacture of Wilton and Brussels carpets by power looms. In 1S85 four and a half acres of land were purchased at Wayne Junction Station, adjoining the Reading Railroad, on which they built the new Glen Echo Mills, with an entire new plant of im- proved construction, and one of the best appointed carpet mills in this country. The firm are enabled to manufacture Brussels and Wilton carpets, Bvzautine rugs of a quality not surpassed in design and finish by the best makers either in America or England. In the first part of the year 1SS7 Mr. Crease retired, and the firm became McCallum & Sloan. The premises first occupied in Phila- delphia were at 87 Chestnut street, thence to 509 Chestnut street, and a few years later No. 519 was taken as a retail store. In 1S70 the present premises, Nos. 1012 and 1014 Chestnut street were pur- chased, and where the retail and jobbing business are now con- tinued. The structure is an extensive and handsome marble build- ing, and one of the noted business features of the city. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA XS. MANUFACTURERS. MORSE, WILLIAMS & COMPANY The excellent supply of coal, iron and lumber at reason- able prices, together with the favorable conditions enabling mechanics to live comfortably on a moderate income, has made Philadelphia the leading manufacturing city in certain lines of business, among which may be mentioned the manu- facture of passenger and freight elevators. The establish- ment of Messrs. Morse, Williams & Co., known as the Morse Elevator Works, is one of the largest in that line of business in the world. The}' build and erect all kinds of passenger elevators and their annual output of freight elevators is larger than that of any other house in the business — their special- in supplying their Albro-Hindley screw gearing to manufac- turers of steamship steering engines, ship windlasses and for purposes where great strength, accuracy, economy in power and smoothness in running are desirable. The entire estab- lishment is thoroughly furnished with tools especially adapted to their line of business, so the greatest economy in produc- tion is coupled with the highest degree of excellence. The members of the firm give the several departments of the busi- ness their close personal supervision and have the advantages of many years of practical experience. Mr. Stephen A. Morse, the senior member of the firm, looks after the manu- facturing. His name is well known to mechanics all over the world through his invention of the twist drill. nnMjj!!!!!.! si pi gMfc£^*MT#* t if The MuRsE, Williams & Company's Elevator Won ties in the way of automatic hatch doors, excellent safety de- vices and the Albro-Hindley screw having made an unusually large demand for their freight elevators in all classes of build- ings. The Morse Elevator Works face on three streets, Erankford avenue, Wildej' and Shackamaxon streets, run- ning the entire length of the block lying between the former and latter named thoroughfares. The location is known as the Kensington District and is readil}' accessible from the heart of the city, W T ildey street being one block south of Girard avenue, on which the cars run both east and west ; and the red cars running north on Third street to Brown, thence via Beach street to Frankford avenue, pass the door on their uptown trip, and run within a square on their down trip. Morse, Williams & Co. confine themselves to the manu- facture of elevators almost exclusively, making one exception Mr. Carlton M. Williams supervises the finances and ac- counts, while Mr. Edwin F. Morse dictates the correspondence and makes up the bids to be submitted to their customers. The}' have branch offices in New York, New Haven, Conn., Boston, Scranton, Pa., and Richmond, Ya., and local agents at many points throughout the L T nited States. Being favorably situ- ated for shipping by both rail and water routes together with their unsurpassed facilities for turning out work, added to the general advantages of Philadelphia as a manufacturing city, has enabled them to build up their widely extended trade notwithstanding the strong competition met from local man- facturers throughout the country. America takes the lead in the use of elevators, but Morse, Williams & Co. find a growing demand from foreign countries for their elevators as their advantages become better known. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. FORD, KENDIG & CO. Manufacturers, plumbers', gas :l, "I steam litters' supplies. Cue of the youngest firms in Philadelphia in this line was in- corporated in March, 188S, first located at 712 Filbert street, remov- ing to their present location at 27 North Seventh street. May, [888, where the new firm continued the business, only on a more exteu sive scale. They are manufacturers and dealers in wrought iron pipe, boiler tubes, brass and iron valves fittings, radiators, etc., besides which they carry a complete line of plumbers', gas and steam fitters' supplies. Their factory is situated at Nos. 142S, 1430 and 1432 Callowhill street, and consists of a three-story building which faces Callowhill street. They do a large retail as well as a wholesale business, employing among their large number of hands, many skilled mechanics, whose earnest and faithful co-operation with the firm has been one source from which considerable of the company's success was attained. The firm consists of Alfred E. Ford, John Kendig, C. J. Rainear and C. B. Souder, each of whom is thoroughly posted in the details of their business, and individu- ally could have won a reputation and standing among the trade second to none, but by joining forces and interests their success and prosperity have been all the more pronounced. Thev combine great energy, business ability and enterprise to such a marked extent that the reputation of the house is not confined to the local trade, but is known and respected on the Pacific slope, Cuba and Mexico, where they have built for themselves an extensive trade, a trade which is constantly increasing and which promises ulti- mately to become so large that their present quarters will be entire- ly inadaquate in capacity-. The progress of the firm is due largely to their honest dealings with the trade in general, giving preference to none, but treating all alike ; the superiority of their workmanship, excellence of quality of materials used, and reasonable prices charged. Thev have the exclusive agency for this city of the American Tube and Iron Company of Middletown, Pa., and Youngstown, Ohio, whose products are classed among the best manufactured in the United States. THE WILSON BISCUIT COMPANY Is the oldest and best known Company not only in the city of Philadelphia but in the leading cities of the United States. Mr. J. Y. Huber, its president, is a gentleman of large practical business ex- perience and influential connections. Their manufactory- is located on Front street. Augusta Place and Craven street, and known as Nos. 210, 212 and 214 North Front street, and is a substantial struct- ure, five stories high, equipped with improved machinery and ap- pliances, affording employment to upwards of 250 skilled hands. The most thorough system of organization is enforced and the works are the model of their kind ; fitted with electric light and steam, and the best methods and most improved processes, known to modern science for baking purposes. Quality has ever been the first consideration with this old firm. It uses only the best flour brought to the Philadelphia market and the brands of their pro- ducts are justly celebrated all over the United States, and both as to price and quality the firm offers substantial inducements. The company has exteuded its branches to Boston, Mass.; Providence, R. I.; Fall River, Mass.; 'Worcester, Mass.; Washington, D. C; Trenton, N. J.; Chester, Pa., and Wilmington, Del. The old firm of Scott & Mason was first established in 1844, and was conducted with but very indifferent success. Theodore Wilson, then a clerk in the employ of the firm, took charge of the office. At that time, the amount of flour consumed in the manufacture of biscuits and similar articles, was only a few barrels daily, but by judicious management, untiring zeal and business ability, he so revived the trade that in 1859 he purchased it from the then pro- prietors. The breaking out of the Civil War gave an immense im- petus to the business. He entered into large contracts with the Government for supplying the Union Army with, what is known by every soldier and sailor as " Hard Tack, " to fulfill which he had to make large alterations in the premises and purchase imported machinery of the very latest pattern and design. Mr. Walter G. Wilson enlisted in the Union Army, and after the War he entered into partnership with his father, which largely contributed to develop the trade of the house. Theodore Wilson died in 1S70, leaving the business to his son, who soon after took into partnership Joseph L- Amer, a former clerk, the business continuing under the firm name of Theodore Wilson & Co. The firm estab- lished agencies in several States and kept their force of travelling salesmen, making large sales in most every city of note in the Union. They likewise extended their city trade and built up a large export trade through New York shipping houses, making large shipments of their goods direct to the West Indies, and adjacent ports, and during the Franco-Prussian War, made- largo contracts for sup]. lying the French Government with " Hani Tack the army. Mr. John Y. lluber, the President of this Company , is an old and highly respected resident of Philadelphia, and star-! high in business circles ; he is able, energetic and popular, liberal as well as honorable in all his transactions and well merits the substantial success he is achieving in his many undertakings. A. M. COLLINS MANUFACTURING COMPANY This business was organized in 1857, when Mr. A. M. Collins commenced the making of cards from "Bristol Board" paper in two small rooms, corner of Callowhill and Twenty-fifth streets. There he laid the foundation of his future success, and by great energy and ability advanced the business to considerable promi- nence and importance. Demands so increased that larger premises and more powerful machinery were required, so in 1863 he erected a building corner of Canal and Third streets of four stories, 75x30 feet. Here the best and most costly machinery was supplied, the cost of apparatus alone reaching over $50,000. A few figures will give some idea of the magnitude of the business : Over 1S00 barrels of flour are used annually. Many tons of paper worked up daily. Number of operatives is 280. An important feature of the business is the designing of photographic cards. This branch received a great impetus during the war, a soldier would leave his portrait with friends receiving theirs in return. The average sale of cards at that time reached over one million a month. In 1S66, Mr. H. H. Collins, son of the senior member, and Mr. E. Cope were admitted as partners and the present style of firm was adopted. In 1 SS2 the office and warerooms were removed to Arch street. The business of the house extends not only throughout the United States, Canada, and South America, but to the West Indies and Japan. The United States Government was also a considerable customer for cards, for mounting views on exploring and surveying expeditions. The house unquestionably stands at the head of their line of business both for quality of manufacture and promptness in lilling large orders, and is one of those of whom Philadelphia can justly feel proud. Mr. Collins is a director ill the Philadelphia National Bank, and is generally esteemed for all those qualities that make a good and valuable citizen. THE BELMONT IRON WORKS The Belmont Iron Works are situated at No. 2426 Washington avenue, and were established and incorporated in 1873, of which Wm. C. L- Huston is president, Mr. Walter T. Pharo secretary and treasurer, and Mr. H. B. Hursh is general manager, all of whom are thoroughly experienced and practical men. The Company also has offices at No. 132 Park avenue, New York. This Company manufacture in wrought iron all kinds of architectural, ornamental, structural iron, and artistic iron work. Their specialties are hand rails, guard rails, iron fences, balustrades, stairs, frillers, and also guards for banks, jails, roofs, insurance companies and other offi- ces of a public nature. Engineers of the different cities in the United States are patrons of this Company, and the Company pos- sesses every appliance and facility for carrying out and manufactur- ing everything in this line according to pattern and specification in connection with public bridges, iron railroad bridges, etc., etc. The railings are all capped with the rolled and drawn steel hand rail and is the best finish that has yet been found for bridge rail- ings ; a special feature is that the hand rail is sold with the railings or by itself and can be applied to any railing now in use, it is true to Hue, is stronger than any other wrought or cast iron rail, and is verv light in weight ; rails of this kind and which have been in con- stant use for over fifteen years show no deterioration. The railings are supplied and set in place by their own men without extra charge in Philadelphia and its immediate vicinity, and this also applies to all orders exceeding 500 feet, and includes the cost of erection in any other part of the United States. The whole of the plant is entirely new and has only recently been erected by the Company. It is" all of the newest design and latest improvements, and the Company has spared no expense in obtaining the same, thus placing them in a position to supply any demand f< .r their ] .reductions equal to any house of a similar char- acter in the United States. The business premises consist of a two- si. iry building facing Washington avenue, having a frontage of So feet by a depth of no feet, together also with a blacksmith shop and forge building adjoining, 40 feet by 60 feet. The Company has continually employed a force of 30 men. and their trade extends all over the United States, from Maine to California. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. PITTSBURGH TESTING LABORATORY The engineering specialty which the Pittsburgh Testing Labora- tory represents, as "Metallurgical and Inspecting Engineers," and in which, for ten years past, it has been pre-eminent, is entirely- based upon the great supremacy of Pennsylvania in the manufac- ture of iron. The new census reports of 1890 show that 49 per cent, of the pig iron product and 52 per cent, of the steel product of the United States is made in the Keystone State. These figures relate to the raw material, the product of the furnaces. But when we come to consider the finished products in iron and steel, Pennsyl- vania's supremacy is even more notable. The census reports do not clearly show that 80 per cent, of the structural iron and steel and an equal percentage of the railroad bridges are the product of Pennsylvania's industries ; yet these figures are estimated to closely represent the truth. More than that, if we were to include in these percentages the manufactures in the adjacent States of New Jersey and Ohio, within 100 miles of Pennsylvania's state line, these fig- ures would probably rise to 90 per cent, or over. Pennsylvania's structural iron and steel, and Pennsyl- vania's bridges go to all parts of this great country, and, in- deed to all the countries of the Western Hemisphere. Now there is no work which civil engineers take more pains with or execute with more scrupulous care than they devote to bridge work. Not only must plans be calculated with mathematical accuracy and the designs elaborated most carefully to the last detail, but all the materials used in con- struction must be tested and inspected to see that quality and finish are right, and the completed bridge members must also be examined with unusual care to see that workman- ship and proportion are precisely as planned. These two facts : Pennsylvania's supremacy in iron, and the civil engineer's conscientous care in his bridge work, constituted the major and the minor premises on which the proprietors of the Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory concluded to start business, ten years ago. They considered that it was clearly impossible for engineers, all over this broad land, to give up home duties and come to Penn- sylvania's workshops whenever there was a bridge to build. Hence it was likelv that many engineers would be glad to do this by dep- uty, if they could only find reliable and competent deputies for their purpose . That this reasoning was correct is abundantly proven by the fact that from three to four men at the outset conducted the busi- ness of the Laboratory which now requires from thirty to forty skilled men, all actively engaged as inspectors of the bridge product of Pennsylvania and near by States. Many thousand tons of iron and steel pass under their watchful eyes every year, and many not- able bridges are the better for the care they bestow on them. Such structures as the Bismarck Bridge, the Niagara Cantilever Bridge, the notable Poughkeepsie Bridge, the Merchants' Bridge at St. Louis, the great bridge over the Ohio at Cincinnati, the hand- some new structure over the same river at Ceredo, West Va. , now building for the Norfolk & Western R. R., etc., etc., are indebted to the Laboratory's care for no inconsiderable part of their worth and efficiency. The home of the Laboratory and of its proprietors, Messrs. Hunt & Clapp, is of course in Pittsburgh. The Philadelphia office, under the management of Mr. Frederick H. Lewis, C. E., does a business which rivals that of the parent establishment. The Laboratory is a well known feature of the eastern iron bus- iness, and its many inspectors are known at all the great mills and bridge shops. JOHN T. LEWIS, BROS. & CO. This firm was established as manufacturers of White Lead in the year 1819, when Mordecai Lewis and Samuel N. Lewis purchased of Joseph Richardson a white lead factory established by him on Pine street in the year 1813. The output of the firm the first year was 100 tons, which was gradually increased till in the v'ear 1840 it amounted to 1000 tons. About the year 1S27 they began the manufacture of Arctic Acid and in 1S30 that of Linseed Oil. In 1S49 they purchased a lot in the Nineteenth Ward of the city, having a front of 630 feet on Duke street and 360 feet on Huntington street, on which there was a white lead factory in operation. The works were much enlarged and in addition to the manu- facture of white lead, linseed oil and arctic acid, they began the manufacture of red seal, orange mineral, acetate of lead, and at a later day many other paints. In August, 1S56, the firm of M. & S. N. Lewis, which had continued for fifty years was succeeded by that of John T. Lewis & Brothers. The firm was composed of John T. Saunders and George T. Lewis, brothers and then nephews of the senior partners, Samuel LL.John T., Jr. , and William F. Lewis, Edward F. Beale, Jr., and Saunders Lewis, Jr. The firm was incorporated in 1S89 as John T. Lewis, Bros. & Co. John T. Lewis, Bros. & Company's Works The present officers are, E. F. Beale, Jr. , President, and Woodruff Jones, Secretary and Treasurer. The premises on East Thompson and East Huntington streets cover an area of seven acres. They are to-day the largest manufacturers and dealers in linseed oil in Phila- delphia as well as the largest exporters of oil cake. They have ac- quired a national reputation and their trade in paint and colors ex- tends over all the United States. Messrs. E. N. Beale, Jr. and Mr. Jones have long been connected with the business. The high reputation established by the old firm for the purity and general excellence of their products has been fully maintained by their successors and the goods having their trade mark are everywhere regarded as among the best in the country, and endorsed by the United States Government as a standard article. The counting house of the Company is still continued at 231 South Front street, being the original location of the old firm of M. 6c S. N. Lewis in 1807, a period of eighty-two years, a circumstance rarelv if ever met with in the census annals of the United States. Telegraph communication, now supplanted by the telephone, was in the early days established between the office and railway, and in all their undertakings the house has ever been in the advance in all that pertains to the improvement of their manufacture and in the interest of their patrons. The Company are direct importers of linseed oil from Calcutta, charteringand loading vessels on their own account. In the vear 1787 Mordecai Lewis who prior to 1S07 had been engaged in business sold to the Pennsylvania Hospital 1200 pounds of English white lead for ^"54 Sterling. Mordecai Lewis was Treasurer of the Pennsylvania Hospital from 1780101799, in this position he was succeeded by his brother Joseph N. Lewis, who served from 1799 to 1826, then succeeded by S. N. Lewis who held the position until 1841, when he in turn was succeeded by John T. Lewis. This position of trust and honor has been held by the Lewis family for more than one hundred years, without compensa- tion and with faithful and conscientious discharge of the trust com- mitted to them. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPIIIANS. MANUFACTURERS. THE ALLISON MANUFACTURING COMPANY W. C. Allison, president <>r the Allison Manufacturing Com- pany, was born of Quaker parents in Chester county, l'enna., in 1S17. His education was obtained in the village school during the winter months, supplemented by study in the night school. He was early apprenticed to a wheelwright, and after his apprenticeship expired continued his trade as a journeyman. Acquiring a small amount of money he came to Philadelphia where he soon secured employment. In his nineteenth year he commenced the making of wagons on his own account on Broad near Vine street. A few years later he formed a partnership with a relative and thev enlarged their business. In 1840-41, when steam railways were in their infancy, a demand for rolling stock was created. Mr. Allison saw his oppor- tunity and without a moment's delay, eagerly availed himself of it. He turned his attention to car building — a pursuit he still suc- cessfully follows — but on an en- larged scale. In 1S51 he formed a part- nership with John Murphy, un- der the firm name of Murphy & Allison, and the manufacture of cars was pushed forward with great energy. They were for many years the only car builders in Pennsylvania, and did most of the work for the large trans- portation companies between Philadelphia and Pittsburg ; as well as for the West Chester & Philadelphia and the German- town &: Norristown Railroads. When the Pennsylvania Rail- road was completed, and the al- teration of the State road made, by which the terminus was re- moved to Market street, the firm erected their shops on Market street west of Nineteenth ; se- cured the best machinery attain- able, and did an enormous and constantly increasing business, which necessitated from time to time additions and improve- ments to their already large plant. Here were built the first reallv comfortable cars run over any road, and they had the honor of " turning out " the first sleep- W. C. Allison ing car built in the United States ; in addition to steam cars they built cars for city railroads — their export business in this line alone being very extensive. About this time they became the proprietors of the "Girard Tube Works," on the Schuylkill river, at the Filbert street wharf, and added to their ventures the manufacture of butt-welded gas and steam pipes. It proved a brilliant success, as the works were the third of their kind in the country. The first trial came to the firm in May, 1863, when their car works were destroyed by fire, entail- ing a heavy loss, as they had on hand at the time an immense stock of material, and large contracts with the Government and principal roads. Among the property destroyed was a palace car, the first ever built, which had been constructed for the use of the President of the United States (Abraham Lincoln). Nothing daunted, the firm leased the large building of the Architectural Iron Works Company, Thirty-first and Locust streets, and within two months were again building cars. About this time they purchased the property, and located the present works, which they occupied in 1S64, and which were conceded to be the largest and finest in the country, having a capacity for producing two large passenger coaches, six city passenger cars and thirty-live freight 'ii 5 :i week. The firm ceased building passenger cars in [866, adopting in its place a new branch of the trade, making lap welded iron tubing, boiler flues, gas, oil and artesian tubing and casing, the demand for which had become enormous. In the meantime, however, Mr. Murphy died, and Mr. Allison's two sons, J. W. & T. E. Allison, who had been for many years connected with the business in vari- ous capacities, were taken into partnership, and forming the firm of W. C. Allison & Sons. They at once proceeded to enlarge their capacity by erecting new buildings, but on July 25, 1872, the fire fiend again visited them, destroying nearly the whole establishment. But the firm knew no such word as "fail," and while their new buildings were in the course of construction, they occupied their old quarters, at Thirty-first and Locust streets. May 1, 1873, they took possession of their new plant, which they have since occupied. The Allison Manufacturing Company was incorporated Sep- tember, 1883. The officers of the Company are: W. C. Alli- son, president ; James O'Neill, treasurer ; L. J. Piers, secretary ; F. R. Tobcy, purchasing agent. The Company now employ some 1500 men (many of whom have been employed by the pres- ent Company and their prede- cessors, terms varying from 25 to 40 years) who, with the ex- cellent facilities, are enabled to turn out a train of twenty to twenty-five cars per day. The works cover over 14 acres of ground, 8 acres of which are covered with buildings, ranging in height from one to three stories. They front on Chest- nut street, between Thirty-first and Thirty-second streets, (offi- ces at Thirty-second and Wal- nut streets) extending south to Spruce street, and east to the Schuylkill river, where they have large wharf frontage with piers and cranes for heavy shipping. The works are traversed by over nine miles of railroad tracks, broad and narrow gauge, and, equipped with nearly three hundred cars and several loco- motives, thev have facilities for manufacturing from $2,000,000 to #3, 000, 000 worth of cars annually, as well as $ 1,500,000 to $2, 000, 000 annually of iron tubing. The quality and finish of these goods have been maintained of such unvarying standard that the "Alli- son" is recognized as the best tube made in the United States. In addition to the work already outlined, the Company is pre- pared to contract for working of all kinds of lumber, by carload or cargo, also iron work for cars, bridges and building. The business is divided into eighteen separate and distinct departments, each in charge of an efficient head, wdio has his own office and clerks. The many different buildings and wharves are connected by railways, and the works are so situated as to permit goods to be received from and shipped to all parts of the country without reloading. Such is the result of one of our self-made citizens, conscientious application to business, to which he thoroughly devoted himself and which he has built up and maintained as one of the first cuter- prises of this great manufacturing center, by his energy, honor and integrity. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA'S. MANUFACTURERS. AMERICAN PIPE MANUFACTURING COMPANY The American Pipe Manufacturing Co. was originally estab- lished in Philadelphia in 1SS6, but it was not until January 31st, 1S89, that it was incorporated under the laws of the State of New Jersey, with an authorized capital of f 1,000,000, of which $425,000 was paid in. It is one of the largest and most enterprising companies of its kind in the country, and by able and efficient management the success attained has been very satisfactory. Properly speaking, the business of the company is two distinct and separate branches, one being the manufacture of pipe for water, gas, and other underground uses — the other, building and erecting complete systems of water-works for cities, towns and villages. The latter is by no means the lesser of the two, in fact it is probably the greater, as the construction of works is attended oftentimes with considerable trouble, and engineering difficulties which must be overcome to meet with success. In addition to the manufacture of pipe, and the construction of water and other works, the com- pany will build works upon the franchise being duly awarded to them by ordinances, and either operate them, or lease, or sell them on such terms as may be convenient to the towns or cities in which they have been built. The company's specialty in the manufactur- ing line is the " Phipps Hydraulic Pipe;" no better pipe for all underground conduits has ever been offered to the public. To obtain a clear conception of its great superiority over all others it will be necessary to describe it in detail and show the advantages it possesses. The pipe is manufactured of pure cement, and the best quality of wrought iron or steel, and is made to withstand any pressure required of it. It has the advantage of delivering the water pure to the consumers, and the merit of being placed in the trench in a finished state. It is laid similarly to cast-iron pipe, and is more durable, its diameter never decreasing. The sizes range from four inches in diameter upwards. The construction of the pipe is so arranged as to offer the advantages referred to. The inner wrought iron which gives the pipe the great strength being em- bedded in pure cement, is absolutely preserved from rust or decay, which answers the question of durability ; being non-corrosive, its diameter remains unimpaired by use or age. The pipe is joined by male and female rings, and ends thoroughly cemented and covered by wrought iron sleeves, and again covered by cement, making the joint complete. The simplicity and light cost of making the joints is a feature in its use that cannot be overlooked. The pipe being covered with a wrought iron jacket and iron ends, has the advantage over all other composite pipes of beiug handled without damage, and can be transported by rail or water, as occasion may require. As the diameter of the pipe is increased the gauge of the inner cylinder of wrought iron is increased, so that any strength may be obtained. In short, this pipe is a riveted wrought iron pipe pre- served from oxidation by cement instead of the inferior coatings of galvanizing, asphalt or coal tar. To conclude and point out the advantages referred to it becomes necessary to state the great objec- tion to the use of cast-iron. : The oxidation to which they are sub- ject and which produces the following results, diminishing the size and capacity of the pipe, increases frictioual resistance, diminish the discharge, and so impregnate the water with hydrous oxide of iron, as often to color it. Every engineer is conversant with these facts. It may be possible, however, that many persons interested in building water-works are not aware to what extent this oxida- tion takes place and therefore do not realize the importance of selecting the proper kind of pipe for their mains. As people advance in intelligence the question of clear, pure water is more and more thought of, and a pipe that can easily and quickly be clear of deposits by flushing is much more desirable than one which must become more and more foul by the accumulation of sediment and deposits which the incrustations accumulate and prevent from being carried out when the pipes are being washed. Cement con- duits date back to the beginning of the Christian era, and the same ones are in use to-day, showing the durability of cement. Before the organization of the American Pipe Manufacturing Company the use of wrought iron and cement pipe was confined mostly to the towns and cities of the New England States, and very little was known of it outside of that locality. Of course many such places like New Haven, Conn. , Laconia and Lake Village, N. H., Danbury, Conn., Manchester, N. H., Wakefield, Mass., had been enjoying the advantages for years, but as it was a local manufacture, it was mostly confined to such localities. Since the American Pipe Manufacturing Company have been engaged in manufacturing this pipe they have constructed man} - water-works, the piping system being exclusively laid with their pipe varying in quantity from 5 to 40 miles in each works, and either own stock in or control the majority of them, among which are the works located at Derry, Pa.; Moorestown, Riverton audPalmyra, N. J.; Greensburg, Irwin, Ridley Park and Swarthmore, Pa.; Skaneateles and Jordan, N. Y.; Tallahassee, Florida; Greenwich, Alabama; Greenville, S. C; Dawson, Georgia, and many others scattered about the country. The works at Greensburg, Pa., was a very large and expensive system, consisting of two stone drains, two storage reservoirs of a capacity of 184,000,000 gallons of water, and two distributing reser- voirs of 1,000,000 and 2,000,000 gallons respectively, and over 40 miles of pipe varying ill size from 4 inches to 18 inches in diameter, with expensive tunnels and deep cuts embracing many difficult features. Next perhaps in size is the works just completed at Greenville, S. C. This water is stored in the Paris Mouutain by means of a masonary dam 45 feet high, and the water carried 7 miles to the city through a 12-inch pipe, with heads varying from 40 to 130 pounds pressure. JOSEPH OAT & SONS Prominent among the industries in the city of Philadelphia, is the firm of Joseph Oat & Sons, manufacturers of copper, brass and sheet iron goods. General machinists and designers. The factory is a five story brick building, Nos. 228, 230, 232 and 234 Quarry street, fitted up and designed with the latest improved machinery, in which about one hundred and twenty-five hands are employed. The firm was established in 17S8 by Joseph Oat & Sons and carried on by them up to March 1, 18S4. Mr. Joseph Oat died about the vear 1889 at the age of ninety-three years, and on March 1, 18S4, Mr. Chas. Oat Beaumont succeeded to the business. The firm enters into large contracts and supplies goods for sugar refineries, plantations, distilleries, chemical works, etc., and has business con- nections all over the States and Territories, and also has fitted out the cruisers, Baltimore, Philadelphia and other war vessels for the United States Government. The business under the able manage- ment of Mr. Beaumont is conducted on sound business principles and with ability, capacity and foresight with a thorough knowledge of the requirements of their patrons. The success attending the operations of this enterprising firm has been steady and continuous and to-day they occupy a prominent position in the trade. The supplies furnished by them comprise everything in copper, brass, sheet iron, steel, etc., and are of a character that recommend their own superior merits to the confidence of close and critical buyers. Their prices to the trade are in every respect reasonable and the workmanshp is guaranteed to be of the finest. The working stock carried by the firm is about 540,000. Mr. Beaumont is well known as a thorough practical mechanic, gives all his time and attention to the business and is well known ami highly respected in business circles. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA'S. MANUFACTURERS. J. E. CALDWELL & CO. Among the great emporiums scattered along Philadelphia's chief thoroughfare like so many monuments to mark the city's wealth and commercial importance, the house of Messrs. J. E. Caldwell & Co. is pre-eminent in all that pertains to every branch of the jewelry and silversmith's business. The firm, one of the oldest iu this line in the United States, and perhaps the oldest in its continuous firm name, was founded in 1838 by James E. Cald- well. From the beginning the house acquired a reputation for enterprise and honorable dealing and firmly established itself in popular favor. Mr. Caldwell first associated with himself Mr. Bennett, under the firm name of Bennett & Caldwell. On May I, 1848, the firm of J. E. Caldwell & Co. was organized, consisting of J. E. Caldwell and John C. Farr. In May, 1S56, Mr. Farr retired, and Messrs. Edwin Langton and Richard A. Lew-is became Mr. Caldwell's partners. In 1866 Mr. Langton retired, Mr. Cald- well and Sir. Lewis continuing the business until the following year, when Messrs. J. Albert Caldwell, Joseph H. Brazier and George W. Banks were admitted members of the firm. A few- years later Mr. Hugh B. Houston was admitted and the firm was continued until 1875, when Sir. Lewis retired from active par- ticipation in the business. Two years later Mr. Banks retired, and Mr. Frederic Shaw and Mr. Richard N. Caldwell, a younger son of Mr. James E. Caldwell, became partners in the house. Mr. James E. Caldwell, the founder of the house, died in 1SS1, after a long and useful career, leaving a highly hon- ored and respected name in the commercial annals of the city. The firm was then con- tinued by Messrs. J. Albert Caldwell, Joseph M. Brazier, H. B. Houston, Frederic Shaw, Richard N. Caldwell and James Riley. January 1, 1891, Mr. Rich- ard N. Caldwell, who was held in the highest esteem, died. Messrs. Caldwell & Co.'s es- tablishment at 902 Chestnut street, constructed of white mar- ble, is a very handsome build- ing, thirty-three feet front on Chestnut street by two hundred and thirty-five feet in depth, four stories in height and basement, five floors in all, in which the different departments of the business are conducted. The interior fittings and furnishings are inharmonious keeping with the magnificent display and valuable stock. Messrs. J. E. Caldwell & Co. was the first house in Philadelphia among jewelers to introduce and establish the one price system which has become so popular as the only fair and just method of dealing. It was also one of the first firms to introduce and perfect the system of shorter and regular hours in business, resulting finally in the early closing movement, now so general, especially iu the summer season. The firm have acquired a national reputation for their elegant designs in silverware, which have been presented on many occasions as testimonials for distinguished services and kindly remembrance. In this as well as in the manufacture of jewelry and ornaments generally to meet the requirements of the most refined taste, designers and artisans of the highest order of merit are engaged, and it is safe to say their productions are not excelled in An The stock of the firm is carried on different floors of the spacious building, and comprises every article for personal and home adorn- ment and use, in every form of beauty and device that has been conceived. It is not our intention to describe the magnificent col- lection of elegant goods to be found in every department. The salesrooms of the firm are always open to the visitor, and courteous salesmen show and describe with pleasure the merits and value of any article required. Diamonds and precious stones, fine watches, objects of art, such as marble statuary, bronzes, fine porcelain, modern and antique cabinet furniture in choice and rare woods, decorated lamps, fancy goods, and an almost endless variety of miscellaneous articles are to be found in the stock. The firm have lately added a department for the exhibition of paintings in oil and water colors, upon the second floor of the build- ing, in which the works of the leading artists are a source of public attraction. The members of the firm devote personal attention and direction to every detail of the business, which is continually growing and extending to all sections of the United States, and is to-day the leading repre- sentative jewelry house in Penn- sylvania. With long experience, sound judgment, refined taste, ' they always keep in advance, seeking in every way to pro- mote any enterprise which has for its object the advancement of Philadelphia. CHARLES PERKES Manufacturer of plumber supplies, etc., has the distinc- tion of being one of the oldest, if not the oldest manufacturer of engineers' and plumbers' sup- plies, gas and steam fittings, steamship and brewers' brass work, patent soil pumps, testing pumps, patent air pumps, as well as a dealer in all sanitary specialties. Mr. Perkes established his business in this city in the year 1856 on Sansom street, J. E. Caldwell finally seeking more commodi- ous quarters at 627 Arch street, his present place of business. His premises are 32 by 166 feet, four stories iu height, devoted to manufacturing, store and salesrooms. He employs forty-five hands, under his own personal supervision, turning out the highest class of work, for which his reputation is not surpassed in city or country. For nearlv fifty years Mr. Perkes has given his undivided atten- tion and energy to the development of his business, experimenting with and adopting every improvement that seems likely to be of benefit to conducting the various branches of his trade. Beginning in a small way his business has extended on the merits of his work. He has added from time to time improved machinery and appli- ances, and holds himself in the front rank with his contemporaries iu the tradeiu prices and quality. His long experience and thorough knowledge of all details enables him to give the closest estimates on contracts. He confines his business to wholesale dealers, gas and water companies, etc., and is highly regarded in the business community as an honorable, high-minded gentleman. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHlANS. MANUFACTURERS. THE WILMINGTON DENTAL MANUFACTURING COMPANY Philadelphia is recognized the world over as the home of den- tistry. Not only are the largest schools of this young but rapidly growing profession located here, sending their graduates annually to every portion of the world, but here also are located all the lead- ing manufacturers of porcelain teeth and dental supplies. Among the largest concerns in this branch of industry is that of the Wilmington Dental Manufacturing Company, whose principal offices are located at Nos. 141 1 and 1413 Filbert street. This Com- pany has had a wonderful and phenomenal growth. Their business of manufacturing porcelain teeth, their most extensive product, was started in this city by Dr. Shelp in the early sixties, he was suc- ceeded by Dr. J. R. Tantum, who transferred the factory to Wil- mington, Delaware. In 18S2 the business was incorporated under the name of the Wilmington Dental Manufacturing Company, and from that date commenced the rapid growth of the house which to-day is rapidly approaching the $ 1,000,000 mark. The officers of the Company are: J. F. Frantz, M. D., presi- dent ; S. J. Willey, vice-president ; J. R. Moore, secretary ; and H. C. Robinson, treasurer. This Company also has an extensive factory in New York City, where they manufacture tools and dental instruments of every description. Owing to the immense growth of their business and in order to facilitate business, they have branch houses for dis- tributing their products at No. 1300 Broadway, New York, and No. 7S State street, Chicago. All of the officers and members of this Company are practical men and understand the business in every detail, they having vir- tually grown up in this line so to speak. This practical knowledge of their business, square dealing and manufacturing the highest grade of goods possible, make their phenomenal success nothing to wonder at. This Company are also publishers of the largest journal in the world devoted to dental science, art and literature, known as /Inns of Interest. This journal is recognized in Philadelphia as the lead- ing exponent in everything pertaining to dentistry, and circulates wherever English speaking dentists are found. STEPHENS, ARMSTRONG & CONKLING The City of Philadelphia has erected within its limits during the last quarter of a century, some of the finest public buildings, stores and residences that can be found anywhere in the United States, and is rapidly going ahead in improvements in architectural terra cotta used in the display of its better class of edifices. We introduce to our readers the firm of Stephens, Armstrongs: Conkling, manufacturers of Architectural Terra Cotta. The firm is composed of George F. Stephens, Henry G. Stephens, Thomas F Armstrong and Ira L. Conkling. Their trade is local, suburban and all over the United States, ever enlarging, popular with the general public and deservedly increasing in volume and importance, the manufacture of which is truly an art, requiring originality of conception, technical training, patient endeavor, assiduous and intelligent application, and the very acme of expert workmanship to secure an artistic totality of admirable and enduring qualities — there not being more than about six successful manufacturers of Architectural Terra Cotta in the United States. The factory of the firm is located at Forty-sixth street and Girard avenue, fronting on the Pennsylvania Railroad track, a large brick building 100x150 feet at which place about 100 hands are employed. They also have a branch office at No. 176 Broadway, New York. The goods man- ufactured by this firm are exclusively from architectural designs, specimens of which can be seen in the following buildings : Drexel Institute, Thirty-second and Chestnut streets ; University of Penn- sylvania, Thirty-fourth and Locust streets ; Hotel Waldorf, Thirty- third street and Fifth avenue, New York, for W. W. Astor ; Forrest Hotel, Lakewood, N. J.; Department house belonging to Levi P. Morton, Fourteenth and H streets, Washington, D. C; Granville B. Haines building, Ninth and Market streets ; Provident Life Insurance Company building. Fourth and Walnut streets; Col. A. K. McClurc, Nineteenth and Spruce streets; Polyclinic Hospital, Nineteenth and Lombard streets ; Baldwin Locomotive Works, Italian Chapel, Bingham House, Warner Building, Camden National Bank, and many others too numerous to mention. Messrs. Geo. F. Stephens and Henry G. Stephens are members of the Art Club, the former also belongs to the Society of American Artists in this city. All the members of the firm are well known to the leading architects of the city, and stand very high in the esti- mation of those with whom thev have business relations. S. S. STEWART Philadelphia has the proud distinction of owning the largest and best establishment for the manufacturing of banjos in the world. Stewart's banjos have a world-wide reputation, and the name is all the endorsement these excellent instruments need. The maker of these famed banjos is S. Swaini Stewart, the oldest living son of Dr. Franklin Stewart, and grandson of Thomas J. Stewart, who was appraiser of the Port of Philadelphia under President James Mon- roe. Mr. Stewart was born in this city January S, 1855, and at the age of twelve began the study of music, first taking up the violin and piano, Prof. Carl Gaertucr being among his tutors. His intro- duction to the banjo took place at the Eleventh Street Opera House, where Lew Simmons was nightly delighting crowds of charmed listeners. He took a great liking to the instrument, and, purchas- ing a tack head banjo, attempted to play upon it. His parents did not look with favor upon the instrument and gave the ambitious musician no encouragement, and as the banjo on which he prac- ticed was so poor in quality, he became discouraged, gave it up and returned to his music and violin studies. About 1S72 he renewed his interest in the banjo, having heard Lew Brimmer play the "Bell Chimes," and believing there was something more in the instru- ment thau had yet been brought out. To follow Mr. Stewart's desire to "learn to play" would be useless. He possessed a natural aptitude for playing upon instruments, and after a few lessons under George C. Dobson of Boston and Joseph Rickett of Phila- delphia, he displayed rare ability, and after having become an expert performer, set to work to improve the sphere of its music, and adopting and arranging a better grade of music for it. He made many discoveries in his study of and experiments upon musical instruments, enabling him to greatly improve the toneof the banjo. To his forethought and enterprise the public are indebted for some special varieties and sizes of banjos, which make possible the fine orchestral effects to be heard in the music rendered by banjo clubs. Mr. Stewart's banjos are now in common use, and are highly endorsed by such professional players as C. M. Hall, of Carncross' minstrels ; George L. Launing, director of Boston Ideal Club ; Billy McAllister, of Baird's minstrels ; Geo. W. Powers, of Primrose & West's minstrels ; Chas. H. Partee, Wallace M. Goldie, William A. Huntlev, Wash. Norton, late lessee and proprietor of the Opera Comique, Loudon, England, and scores of other noted soloists and instructors. We have not the space to present the superiority of the Stewart banjos, but the simple fact that the\- are used and endorsed by the above is ample proof of their value. Mr. Stewart's factory is located at Nos. 221 and 223 Church street, and employ- ment is given to a score of men who turn out from 250 to 300 instruments every month. Mr. Stewart has written several books of instruction for the instrument, and is the composer of many popular selections ; in fact, he gives his entire attention to the manufacture of banjos and the editing and publishing of suitable books and music for the use of players and students. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHLANS. MANUFACTURERS. LIBERTY STOVE WORKS— CHARLES NOBLE & CO. There is no line of business in this country to-day in which there has been, and is, greater competition than in the manufacture of stoves, and here in the East, where the industry lias attained such vast prominence, the Liberty Stove Works rank among the leading establishments of the kind in the country. There are larger, more extensive plants, but none can surpass them in the perfection of their work, beauty of style, and finish and durability' They are the second oldest and by far the largest in the State, and were founded by Abbott & Lawrence in [851, who were succeeded in 1858 by the firm of Abbott & Noble, who continued in manage- ment until 1870, when the firm of Messrs. Charles Noble & Co. was formed. It was composed of Dr. Charles Noble, his son, Mr. Charles Noble, and Mr. Francis P. Nicholson, and through their and the area of floor space is enormous, the establishment includ- ing foundry proper, with large cupolas, vast moulding floor, large finishing shops, cleaning rooms, etc., pattern simps, warehouse, salesroom and office. The work is admirably systematized, so that no friction is caused by the stoves in their various stages toward completion, passing from department to department. An average force of 150 skilled hands arc given employment, and among the designers, moulders and finishers arc men who have grown old in the firm's employ. The works have ever been noted for the excel- lence of their designs of stoves, heaters, ranges, hollow ware, etc., as they include many special, advantageous and convenient feat- ures found in no other make. The castings are models for their smoothness and strength, being made from the best foundry pig iron, while the fittings are as accurate as the finish is elaborate or the ornamentation artistic. A prominent new feature of the works Charles Noble & Company's Stove Works careful attention to the details of the business the house became justly famous, winning a national reputation, and increasing an ever-widening circle of trade, until, by the successive decease of Dr. Noble and his son and the retirement of Mr. Nicholson, the business of the estate passed under the management of Mr. Wil- liam W. Noble in 1S88. But its progress or prominence did not lessen with the change of management, as Mr. Noble infused fresh vigor and new ideas into the concern, continued the high standard of its products, and added fresh laurels to those won by his predecessors. He is as popular as he is able, and has ever re- tained the confidence of leading commercial circles, sustaining the national reputation of the Liberty Stove Works, which received a valuable medal for its magnificent display at the International Exhibition in 1876. The works are located on Brown street, above Fourth, are of immense size, and constructed in a systematic man- ner. They front on Brown street 400 feet, and have a depth of 150 feet, extending through to Maria street, on which they have a front- age of 400 feet. The principal buildings are four stories in height, is its magnificent line of " Liberty " stoves and ranges, perfect in conception and execution, the highest embodiment of the stove founder's art. Its numerous special features are duly protected by patents. In cook stoves the choice for selection is wide — from the big "Noble Cook," " Iron King," and "Cotton King" to the new "Liberty Cook," the most attractive and cheapest stove of its class in the market. In portable ranges the firm's popular " Sam " has had a wonderful run, and in its numerous modified styles is adapted to all ordinary family kitchens, city or country. This range is han- dled only by the popular and well-known Mr. Samuel S. L'tter, in New York, for whose especial requirements the range was designed, and who has sold over fifty thousand of them. In parlor base- burner stoves the firm manufacture the " Liberty," " Liberty Frank- lin," "Flora," and "Delta," the latter a very powerful diffusive double-heater. Their wood stoves are the best in the market, as are also their improved laundry stoves, camp stoves, hollow-ware, etc. In short, the line they present to the trade is unsurpassed, and they offer substantial inducements both as to price and quality. -#■• i\~ it i~i li- ft l j ; f f f t WILMINGTON, 1849 PHILADELPHIA, 1853 HOOPES & TOWNSEND I 'hi'; ■ ^^' "«-i. ! - '■""'■•- "'■'.■;■' r\^ ■ill.'"''!.;!'''.,. t^Wta WILMINGTON, 1891 PHILADELPHIA, 1891 128 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. MANUFACTURERS. HOOPES & TOWNSEND No industry has made such rapid and sturdy strides to success, and no firm has deserved prosperity more than Messrs. Hoopes & Townsend, manufacturers of bolts, rivets, cold-punched nuts, bridge rods, wood screws and kindred articles. This business was founded at Wilmington, Delaware, by Barton Hoopes in 1849. Early in the year 1.S50, S. Sharpless Townsend was admitted a partner, and the firm took its present title of Hoopes & Townsend. In 1852, the business had so increased that it was found necessary to procure a larger and wider field of operation. In 1S53, a lot on Button wood street below Broad, Philadelphia, was purchased, since which date the factory has been enlarged until it now covers an area of more than twelve times the original site. It occupies nearly two blocks, and is located on Broad street, and on Button- wood, Hamilton and Whitehall streets, between Broad and Thirteenth streets. Edward Hoopes was admitted as a partner in 1S52, and retired in 1875. The original partners continued the business until January, 1879, when the death of Mr. Townsend caused a dissolution of the partnership. Barton Hoopes purchased the interest of his late partner and admitted his sons, Clement R. Hoopes and Barton Hoopes, Jr., as members of the firm under the old style of Hoopes S: Townsend. James M. Hibbs was assigned to the position of business manager. Subsequently, Dawson Hoopes, a younger son of Barton Hoopes, was admitted to the firm. Hoopes & Townsend had persistently advocated the advantages anil the superiority of cold-punched nuts, and in 1S76, during a competitive test of the merits of cold-punched and hot-pressed nuts, they proved the correctness of their arguments, and established the superiority of this class of nut, and fixed their prominence as the leading makers of cold-punched nuts. The conflicting claims of rival houses made at the Centennial Exposition in 1876, drew out the argument of cold-punched and hot-pressed nuts. An article was published in the Polytechnic Review, which stated that the leading objections to the use of cold-punched nuts were that the holes were ragged, unless re-punched or drilled ; that in punch- ing iron cold the fibres were disintegrated ; that in cutting the threads in a cold-punched nut the taps frequently loosened the broken fibres, leaving a weak and imperfect thread ; and finally, that cold-punched nuts were generally unreliable. To this article Messrs. Hoopes & Townsend replied, and in strong but temperate language endeavored to prove the superiority of the cold-punched nut. To this reply, a maker of hot-pressed nuts, strong in the conviction of the greater strength and fitness of hot-pressed nuts, proposed a competitive test. Messrs. Hoopes & Townsend promptly agreed, and Professor R. H. Thurston, of the Stevens Institute of Technology, was chosen to make the tests. This gentleman, who was famed as an expert in all test cases of the relative merits of iron and steel, was eminently fitted for the task assigned to him, and his decision was to silence all dispute. The conditions were agreed upon by the contending parties. Early in 1877, a series of tests were made at the Mechanical Institute at Hoboken, N. J. A most thorough and elaborate trial of the rival nuts was made, and as a whole conclusively proved: 1st. That the cold-punched nuts possessed a greater average of strength, combined with greater rigidity and slightly greater uniformity than were exhibited by the hot-pressed nuts, and that the superiority was most strongly manifested in the trials bv strip- ping stress. 2d. That the cold-punched nuts exhibited a strength never attained by the hot-pressed nuts, but that such variations in the strength of both styles occurred as to have caused the hot-pressed nuts to equal and occasionally excel in strength to the weakest specimens of cold-punched nuts. This practically decided the controversy in favor of Messrs. Hoopes & Townsend, and the cold-punched nut took its place as the stronger and the best article for all work of good class and superior finish, or for any purpose for which nuts are required. Messrs. Hoopes & Townsend owe their success to no outside influ- ences, but to their indefatigable labor, to their persistent efforts to overcome every obstacle that obstructed the introduction <>f goods of first quality, and to their upright dealings with their patrons. It has always been the aim of the firm to produce goods of excellent quality and finish, and to sell them at a moderate advance of their cost by the use of improved machinery, and to give their customers the benefit of the saying. But they have not reduced the cost at the expense of the quality. The larger portion of the iron used in their manufactures is made expressly for them, while the remainder is carefully and judiciously selected from the stocks of first-class makers. They personally supervise the manufacture of tin ducts, and nothing defective is permitted to go from the factory. Notwithstanding the number of labor-saving machines used in the manufacture of the various products of the firm, over seven hun- dred hands find constant employment in the shops, and the demand for their goods i-. constantly increasing. The manufacturing departments are under the management of the junior partners, the financial departmentbeingcontrolled by the elder son, Clement R. Hoopes. The senior partner has a general oversight of the manufacturing department, but is not actively engaged in the business. The business department is managed by James M. Hibbs, who has been promoted at various stages of his service to his present position. As is well known, the nuts made at this establishment are cold- punched. The holes are smooth, accurate anil uniform in size, and correctly centered. They are free from scale or crust, and present an easy cutting surface for the tap. The bolts have solid, uniform heads, finished points, that the nuts may be easily started, and are fitted with chamfered and trimmed nuts, thoroughly interchangeable and threaded to United States standard gauges. The products em- brace bridge, truck, car, machine, plow, and every variety of bolts in use. They produce wood or lag screws, rivets of all required dimensions, and a variety of articles for kindred uses. If the term "specialty " as applied to products means that special care is taken in their production, then all the products of this firm are "special- ties." A distinctive product of the factory is a chamfered and trim- med nut, used by locomotive and stationary engine builders, which is adapted to the finest work, and which is largely used with no other finish than that produced by the machines on which they are made. They are serviceable for lathe and tool work, and in the construction of the highest class of machinery. The " Keystone " boiler rivets, of which this firm is sole maker, are in high repute among leading boiler makers. These have been subjected to the most severe tests, both experimentally and in absolute use, and have proved equal to the requirements. These are made in solid dies, and the body has no fin or uneven surface. Made of the best quality of iron, they may be relied upon as a standard article of excellent quality and finish. The trade-mark, a "Keystone," is stamped on the head of each rivet. The business of the firm is not confined to local or domestic trade. Their manufactures are shipped to the West India Islands, to the Hawaiian Islands, to South America and to Australia. Wherever the products of the firm have been exhibited Messrs. Hoopes & Townsend have carried off the highest honors. They hold diplomas of honor and medals of excellence for almost every industrial exhibition in the world, and at the Paris Exposi- tion of 1S7S they were awarded a gold medal, the highest premium and the only gold medal awarded tor their class of goods. But it is not to these honors that the firm looks for an appreciation of their goods ; it is to the more convincing proof of superiority in the demand for their manufactures, which is increasing, and which has enlarged their establishment to its present proportions from an humble inception. The engravings mi the opposite side are illustrations of the rapid advance of this industry. The original factory at Wilmington, Delaware, was abandoned when the firm removed to Philadelphia, but the increase of business after 1.N76 prompted the firm to establish an additional plant at Wilmington. A site was selected at Second and Lombard streets, and the works enlarged and new buildings erected. Here are employed one hundred and fifty hands, and the business is carried on under the corporate title of The Hoopes & Townsend Co., which is a distinct firm, though the "personnel" is the same as at the Philadelphia works. The Wilmington works are under the management of Dawson Hoopes. No industry in the Quaker City has been more successful. It is due to persistent pushing of superior goods, honesty and integrity in the conduct of the business, and untiring energy in the produc- tion of the best articles in their line of manufacture. Messrs. Hoopes & Townsend have achieved success in their business, aud deserve it. 129 PHILADELPHIA AXD POPULAR PHILADELPHIAKS. MANUFACTURERS. THE UNITED GAS IMPROVEMENT COMPANY Has done much to spread the reputation of Philadelphia enter- prise throughout the country. This company was organized June i, 1SS2, under the Pennsylvania Corporation Act of 1874, under the United Gas Improvement Company with a capital of $1,000,000. It was primarily organized to introduce the Lowe Water Gas S\ stem ; a tvpe of apparatus constructed under this system by the United Gas Improvement Company we illustrate on this page. The operations of the company, however, rapidly extended from the manufacture and introduction of apparatus to the control of gas works through lease or purchase, and the capital was in- creased from time to time until the limit (55.000,0001 allowed to manufacturing companies organized under the Act of 1S74 was reached. In iSSS, the capital stock of the Union Company, opera- ting under a special charter granted by the State of Pennsylvania, on December 31, 1S70, was purchased. The name was changed to The United Gas Improvement Company , and this company issued its management, and immediately below each such item, his results oi the year before, and below that the best results obtained (on each item I by the works of the same class. If the general superinten- dent thinks that this best result is not worthy to be accepted as a standard, that fact is noted, so that a still higher standard may be aimed at. In addition to all this, the managers, superintendents, and engineers are all brought together once a year for a discussion of all debatable points, and to properly prepare for this, the general superintendent, months in advance, assigns certain subjects to be reported upon by certain men, and appoints others to follow in the discussion of these reports. All are encouraged to express their opinions from the youngest cadet engineer up. The general super- intendent in selecting the men both for the writing of the formal report and for the after discussion, selects them on account of their ability to handle the special subject assigned and also for the ability to " thrash out " and so if possible arrive at the whole truth. The personnel of the United Gas Improvement Company's management is as follows : — The United Gas Improvement Company — Lowe Apparatus own stock dollar for dollar in exchange for the stock of United Gas Improvement Company and took over all the business of the old concern. Under the new organization the capital was increased to £10, 000, 000 divided into 200,000 shares of the par value of #50 each, and the business largely increased by the acquisition of new- properties, so that to-dav The United Gas Improvement Company is the largest concern of the kind in the United States, and gas and electric light companies from Maine to Florida and from the Atlantic seaboard to the Rockies are operated under its management. The theory of the United Gas Improvement Company is that gas companies are the servants of the public, and that the im- provement of methods looking to raising the quality of gas manu- factured ami cheapening the cost and selling price of the same, and the education of consumers how to obtain the fullest possible return for their money, can best be accomplished by united management giving to each sub-company the benefit of comparing, through the central organization, its results with those of other companies doing the same business. The results obtained at everyone of the works controlled by the United Gas Improvement Company are compared regularly through monthly reports, which cover all important features of the business. Each local manager receives yearly a comparison slip on which appear the results of each feature of his Directors: W. G. Warden, President; George Philler, Vice- President; W. W. Gibbs, Thomas Dolau, Henry C. Gibson, William I,. Elkins, and P. A. B. Widener. Samuel T. Bodine, General Manager ; Randal Morgan, General Counsel; Alexander C.Humphreys, General Superintendent; Walter Clark, Assistant General Superintendent ; Edward C. Lee, Secretary and Treasurer. Subject to the Board of Directors, which meets every month, are the following Committees: Managing Committee. — This Committee meets every week to receive the report of the Committee on Works, and to consider any new business which may be presented. The members of the com uiittee arc: W. W. Gibbs, Chairman; W. G. Warden, George Philler, Thomas Dolan, William L. Elkins, Samuel T. Bodine, and Randal Morgan. Committee on Works. — This Committee meets daily ami con- siders and acts upon all the routine business connected with the management of the various companies under the parent company's control, and is composed of the following members: Samuel T. Bodine, Chairman; W. W. Gibbs, Alexander C. Humphreys. The above sketch shows how thorough is the system of manage- ment which has been developed to meet the requirements of the rapidly increasing business of this great company. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. H. MUHR'S SONS WATCH AND JEWELRY FACTORY Philadelphia has long been noted as a leading centre for the manufacture of fine jewelry, and in the establishment of II. Muhr's Sons it has one of the most extensive and impor- tant concerns of its class in the United States. This manufactory is located at the southwest corner of Broad and Race streets, having a frontage on Broad street of ioo feet, and on Race street of 140 feet, and is seven stories in height. Architecturally, it is an ornament to the splendid avenue of Philadelphia on which it is located, while the interior is fitted up with all the modern mechanical devices for saving labor, known to the trade. In the room where the watch cases are engraved, there are presses which give, in a few minutes, designs that would formerly have taken the most skillful workman an entire day to accomplish, and engine lathes are employed to pro- duce the peculiar roughen- ed honeycombed surfaces that are desired. Some of the dies used cost $500 a set. Probably the most curious of the many novel appliances is an electrical engraving apparatus, worked by one man. A plate on which there is an enlarged design to be produced is placed in the machine, which is then started, the watch case being in position below. In a short time the design on the large plate, whether a bird, a flower, a scroll, or whatever it may be, is reproduced beautifully on a smaller scale on the watch case. No artist's hand could do it more cunning- ly, yet no hand has ever touched it. Notwithstanding the multiplicity of labor-sav- ing devices in this manu- factory, nearly 700 persons — 6S0 at the present time — are furnished constant and profitable employment in it. Watch cases, which are a leading specialty, are turned out at the rate of about 1500 a week ; these are both of solid gold and gold filled. The firm claim to have been the first to engage in the manufacture of gold filled cases, and that these are finished and engraved by the same workmen who make the 18-karat solid gold work. Their best filled cases, known to the mar- ket as "Crown Xo. 1 " are of 14-karat gold and guaranteed to wear for 25 years, whilst the least expensive case they make is guaranteed for 20 years. All their filled cases are made in special designs, such as raised ornamentation, monograms raised or engraved, inlaid with diamonds or other precious stones the same as solid gold, and so extraordinary are the facilities of this firm for manufacturing elegant watches cheaply, that they are now exporting watches, not only to South America, Japan and China, but to various parts of Europe, even to the home of the watch, Switzerland itself. Besides watch cases, Messrs. Muhr's Sons produce an immense quantity of rings of all sorts, from the silver finger ring for the colored plantation laborer to the finest, and gold and silver thimbles, which they send to all parts of the country. Thimbles costing $50 each are not at all uncommon, and they have made thimbles to order, studded with precious stones, as presents, which have cost as high as $150 each. The manufactory, of which an extensive view is given on this page, reas built by Simon Muhr in 1885 and is owned by him. He is the eldest son of Mr. II. Muhr, a skillful watch- maker, who came to this country from Bavaria in 1853, and settled in Philadelphia, where he is still living. Mr. Simon Muhr, whose connection with the business dates from 1866, when he was taken into partnership with his father on obtain- ing his majority, is in many respects a remarkable man. His friend, Mayer Sulzberger, Esq., says of him in abiographical sketch, written for "Deacon's Biographical Album of Promi- nent Pennsylvanians," "Mr. Muhr is small in stature, but of such pleasing presence and affable manners, that his geniality has become proverbial, while his personal popu- larity is of the strongest character. He is patern- ally solicitous for the wel- fare of his employees, tak- ing great interest in their affairs and never, when in trouble, do any of them hesitate to confide in him, or to depend upon his ad- vice and assistance. Mr. Muhr is likewise deeply interested in charities and much of his time is taken up in hearing appeals for aid from individuals and societies. He is an active member of numerous be- nevolent and charitable as- sociations, to all of which he is a liberal contributor ; but, if satisfied of the wor- thiness of the case or cause, " no appeal is made to him in vain ; yet he does not confine his benefactions to any sect, society or creed, but is most catholic in his giving. He is an ardent Democrat, but with so man}' demands upon his time he has naturally lit- tle leisure for politics, al- though his fellow-citizens have nevertheless called upon him to represent them in conventions of his partv and to serve as a school director ; other offices tendered him he has declined." We may add that he is credited with being one of the best authorities in the United States on gems, and his good taste is so generally conceded and recognized, that it is an ordinary occurrence for purchasers of gems to leave their setting entirely to his individual judgment. Besides their manufactory, Messrs. H. Muhr's Sons have salesrooms at 629 Chestnut street, 20 John street, New York, 39 State street, Chicago, and a branch establishment at Ant werp, where most of the purchases of rough diamonds are made and the cutting is done. They are large importers of precious stones and some of the largest and finest diamonds, sapphires, opals and pearls worn by the fashionable people of Philadelphia, have been supplied by them. We do not know the amount of capital they employ in this business, but we notice one of the mercantile agencies places it at S~50,ooo, and this is probably under-estimated. Their annual sales have been for some years about a million of dollars. Muhr-s Sons Watch and Jewelry Factory, cor. Broad and Race Sts. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. GEORGE MILLER & SON This old establishment, which for more than half a century has been a large contributor to the great aggregate of the manufactured products of Philadelphia, which has given to this city the first place among the great industrial centres of the United States, was founded by Mr. George Miller, a pioneer in this line of industry, here in 1833. Beginning on a scale of limited proportions. Mr. Miller has steadily kept abreast of the times, and from a small beginning soon established a trade extending to all parts of the United States, and increasing rapidly from year to year. In 1S61 the founder of this important enterprise admitted his son, Mr. Chas. B. Miller, to an interest in the business, which has ever been conducted with great success under the firm name of George Miller & Son. Mr. George Miller retiring from business in 1.S76, left Mr. Charles B. Miller the sole proprietor of what has become one of the most important industries of the city, and it remained under his management until 1877, when he admitted his son. Mr. W. I). Mil- ler, into co-partnership under the old and honored firm name of George Miller \: Son. From the original site on Market street above Sixth, after frequent enlargements and ex- tensions to meet the require- ments of their large trade, the business was removed in 1S8S to the present location, Nos. 255 and 257 South Third street. In their large and imposing build- ing at this place, which is six stories in height and 65x184 feet in dimensions, Messrs. Miller S: Sons employ one hundred and fifty hands in the various depart- ments in the manufacture of fine candies and chocolates for the wholesale trade. The establish- ment is equipped throughout with the latest improvements in machinery operated by steam, and in every particular the works are as complete as those of any similar house in America. The Messrs. Miller's fixed purpose has always been to sup- ply the trade with goods of the purest quality and finest flavor, and this being made the first consideration has earned for them a reputation which has in- creased their trade to its present vast proportions. They use in their works the best qualities of sugar obtainable and no other, and only the finest essential oils and purest extracts, and none but chemically pure and health- ful vegetable coloring are used in George Miller any part of their business. They import direct the choicest Caraccas Cocoas, and are justly celebrated for the superior excellence of their chocolates, which are made by the most improved process by experts in this branch of the business. The output comprises chocolate creams, caramels, bon-bons, fig paste, glace fruits, lozenges and all staple and fancy candies which are turned out daily in large quantities, and are sup- plied fresh to the city trade and to jobbers in all parts of the United States and the large cities of England and Continental Europe. They carry at all times a large stock and complete assortment of candies and confections, and in their extensive salesrooms is seen a display of their goods, which is unequalled as to purity, flavor and general excellence, and the demand for their goods enables them to furnish anything in their line in any amount, fresh from the hands of their workmen. The senior member of this well-known and suc- cessful firm is one of Philadelphia's representative business men, and is held in high esteem in commercial circles. He is a member of the Manufacturer's Club and Treasurer of the National Confec- tioners' Association of the United States, and is closely identified with the welfare and growth of the city as a trade metropolis. Mr. William D. Miller is also popular and possesses that energy and business ability which, coupled with the life-long experience of his father, have steadily maintained the reputation of this old house and developed a trade of magnitude at home and abroad. Mr. George Miller, the founder of this house, was born in New Jersey in 1S03, and now in his eighty-ninth year, is in the enjoy- ment of good health and active both physically and mentally. The ancestors of Mr. Miller came to this country from England in the days of William Penn. Since the above was written Mr. George Miller died at his resi- dence, 1004 Race street, June 29, 1891. E. CLINTON &: COMPANY After an interesting interview with Mr. E. Clinton a few weeks ago we realized more than ever before the importance of the brush industry, and in that connection the value of that much maligned animal, the hog, and the num- ber of uses to which bristles are adapted. Mr. Clinton remarked that most of us used five kinds of brushes before going to break- fast, the tooth, the nail, the hair, the shoe and the clothes brush. Then come the dusting and sweeping brush, the paint, the varnish and numerous kinds of artists' brushes, etc. Clinton & Co. make more kinds of brushes than any other house in the world, and are the largest firm in their line in the United States. They are ever on the watch for novelties and usu- ally the first to invent or bring out new styles. They spent over ten thou- sand dollars in their Centennial exhibit to show what America could do in the brush industry and received certificate for un- equalled excellence. Some forty years ago they received a medal from the World's Fair in London. To show the high grade of their manufactures it is worth stating that the representative of Kent & Co. , one of the most famous English brush manufacturers, who date back over three hun- dred years, requested some sam- ples of Clinton & Co. 's paint and varnish brushes to show his firm, who acknowledged that they were the best in the world. Mr. Clinton said he always studied as to what a brush had to do and how to do it best, and any brush bearing their stamp is not only unsurpassed but unequalled. He is an expert judge of bristles and acknowledged to be the best buyer of the article in the United States. The firm was established in 1S40, but Mr. Clinton himself has been brush making fifty-nine years this March, 1891. When mak- ing for others he took pains to give the best work possible, and to this owes his success, his business being constantly on the increase and at any time hardly able to fill his orders. Though Hearing seventy years of age he still takes an active interest and superintendence, and in every respect is one of those merchants of whom Philadelphia is justly proud. Forty-nine years ago, May 20, 1842, Mr. Clinton was married to Miss Xagle, of Philadelphia, and has a family of three sons, Edwin (t., Leon S. and Winfield Clinton. The stores and offices of the firm are No. 100S Market street and No. S South Tenth street. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. HENRY DISSTON & SONS The Henry Disston & Sons, Keystone Saw, Tool, Steel and File Works which now cover an area of twenty-four acres to which new buildings are constantly being added at Tacony, Philadelphia, were started in 1840, as the Disston Keystone Saw Works, in a cellar on Bread street, near Second and Arch streets, Philadelphia. The Disston family consisting of father, son and daughter, arrived in Philadelphia from England in [833. In three days the father was dead ; when young Henry Disston, a boj of fourteen and with- out money, in looking around for employment apprenticed himself with a saw making firm. The employers of the young man could not pay him in money a small amount of back wages when he derided to leave them, so he was compelled to accept a lot of brick trowels which he managed to turn into cash. He realized about $350, and with this sum the Disston Keystone Saw Works on Bread street were started. Mr. Disston would tell with pride the humble manner in which he began, how- he built his own furnace, trun- dled his first wheel-barrow of coal from Willow street wharf to the " works, " made his own tools, and in fact ran the whole business without help. Having made his saws, he himself took them out on sale, but it was a long while before he could make the people believe that an Amer- ican saw was any tiling but a poor imitation of the English article. He was discouraged many times, but never lost heart. He often sold a saw at an advance of one per cent, profit. He took a room in a factory at Front and Meri- den streets, and though he owed nothing he was merely a sub- tenant and his effects were levied upou for the rent of the build- ing. Money was advanced by an old friend who appeared at the most opportune moment, and a new landlord taking the building Mr. Disston resumed operations. He had borrowed 5200. It enabled him to branch out a little and now he was more determined than ever to succeed. Just about this time the boiler in the building exploded and the structure was destroyed by fire, and young Disston was very severely injured. Within ten days he moved into a new building adjoining the old shop. In 1864 the business had grown to $35,000 a mouth. Fire again destroyed everything but in fifteen days saws were being manufactured on the old site under a roof of canvas. Substantial buildings were quickly erected until the establishment at Front and Laurel streets covered a number of acres extending in the rear to both sides of Haydock street. He decided to no longer import English steel and turned his scraps into steel in his own establish- ment. For this purpose rolling mills directly adjoining the works on Laurel street were built together with a melting department, and in this new adjunct all the iron and steel used in the several factories was produced. The tariff of 1861 gave the Henry Disston saws their first great start and he created a new industry, founded au industrial university where a dozen useful trades are taught, and finally established at Tacony, on the Delaware river, and in the City of Philadelphia, the greatest saw works in the world. Mr. Disston put his own sons in the shop. Hamilton, now the active head of the firm served seven years before he was taken into the counting room. Albert H., now deceased, Horace C, William and Tacob S., the other partners, also served their time before they were admitted to partnership. Henry Dissfc m dying in the year (878, left his sons fully competent to carry on the enormous business, and these young men have pushed the capacity of the works far what it was in their father's time. The average number of men employed is 1900. In 1S00 the ground enclosed by the factory was 38 acres, the number of buildings 19, horse power utilized 2,250, cord consumed 24,7X0 tons yearly; lumber consumed for saw ha 1,000,000 feet yearly ; lumber used for shipping goods, 900,000 feet yearly ; grindstones consumed, 900 tons yearly ; steel consumed in file factory, 12 tons weekly ; sheet steel produced, 4,300 tons yearly ; bar steel produced, 7,000 tons yearly ; hand saws manufactured, 25,000 dozen weekly ; circular saws manufactured all sizes, 50,000 yearly; cross-cut, mill, mulay and drag saws, 200,000 yearly; hact and butcher saws, 6,000 dozen yearly ; compass, keyhole and webb saws, 43,000 dozen yearly ; brick trowels, 4,200 dozen yearly ; files, 1,000 dozen daily. In the melting department there are all Siemen's gas furnaces. The in- gots are pressed by hydraulic pressure. The steel is made from English and American iron and selected steel scraps. 28 tons of steel are produced per day. In the upper mill 4 tons of haud-saw steel and 5 tons of merchant steel are made per day. In the large plate mill 5 tons of circular steel, and roll plates 84 in diameter arc made each day. In the lower mill 6 tons saw steel for cross-cuts ami long saws per day. In the Rod mill used for rolling bar and band saw steel, the output is 10 tons per day. In the Train mill for rolling file steel and all small sizes and shapes of merchant bar steel, the output is 3^ tons per day. The furnace for hard- ening and tampering saws has a capacity for 70 large circular- saws and 1,000 cross-cuts. A hand saw furnace for hardening has au output of 425 dozen per day. In the long saw cutting out department 1,000 saws is the daily output ; hand saws and small work cutting out depart- ment output 425 dozen daily ; band saw, cutting out, and fin- ishing department, 25 saws 8 by 50 feet, and 400 band saws week- ly ; circular saw department output per day 25 large and 200 small size ; Inserted tooth depart- ment, capacity for inserted tooth circular-saws 10 per day ; smith- ing and finishing circular department, 20 large and 200 small per day ; cross-cut and long saw department, grind, glaze and block 800 cuts per day ; smith and hammer department, 275 dozen hand saws per day; finishing department, 150 dozen best saws and 285 dozen assorted saws are completed daily ; grinding department. 263 dozen per day; grinding and drawing department, 260 dozen per day; glacing department, 341 dozen per day; handle department, 350 dozen hand saws, 75 dozen cut handles, and 60 dozen frames per day ; file department, 1,000 dozen of every size and description daily; tooth department, daily output 100 gross saw sere dozen try screws, 20 dozen bevels, 50 dozen screw drivers, 50 dozen plumb and level, 20 dozen gauges, 20 sets butt hinges. In the box and circular-saw case department, 750,000 feet of pine luml consumed each year. The present officers of the firm are Hamilton Disston, Presi- dent ; Horace Disston, Vice-President; William Disston, Second Vice-President; Jacob Disston, Treasurer ; Samuel Disston, Agent. The capital invested in the plant is 55,000,000. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. THOMAS DOLAN & COMPANY WILLIAM J. BUCK, SONS & CO. One of Philadelphia's most important ami prosperous indus- tries is the great factory of Thomas Dolan & Co., known as the Keystone Knitting Wills, at the corner of Hancock and Oxford streets and Columbia avenue. These works cover six squares and have an area of several acres. They give employment to many hundred men, women and children, and they form a considerable factor in helping to add to the importance and wealth of the Quaker Citv. Thomas Dolan, the founder of this industry, is a self- made man, he began manufacturing men's wear, fancy knit goods, and hosiery in May, 1S61. In 1866 the firm inaugurated a new industry by the introduction of fine worsted yarns in the manufac- ture of their goods, especially of Berlin shawls. In five years the business of this particular branch of the trade ran up to over one million dollars output, but in 1S71 it declined very rapidly, and in 1872 worsted materials and men's wear formed another depart- ment of industry. Every now and then the alteration of fashion and custom necessitated changes in the business and, to keep up with the times, in 1875 the manufacture of men's fancy cassimeres and ladies' cloakings was added to the already numerous branches and departments of the factory. In 1878 the hosiery part of the business was abandoned, and in the year 18.82 the manufac- ture of knit goods was given up and the factory was devoted entirely to the production of men's wear of the best quality. Thomas Dolan, who was the pioneer and originator of this industry, was born in Montgomery county, Pa., on October 27, 1834, and for many years carried on the business alone. The great strides made however, and the wonderful increase of trade, rendered it impossible for one man, however energetic and industrious, to grapple with the various ramifications and complications of such a varied industry. As time went on and business continued to in- crease, the firm was formed into a company. The personnel of the company of Thomas Dolan & Co., as it at present stands is as fol- lows, Thomas Dolan, Rynear J. Williams, Jr., Charles H. Salmon, and Joseph G. Truitt. Mr. Williams manages the financial part of the great industry. Mr. Salmon superintends the weaving and fin- ishing departments, and Mr. Truitt ably directs the details of the spinning branch of the business. Mr. Dolan himself as the head of the firm has the general supervision of the whole factory, and is vhe consultant in all cases of emergency or any change in the methods of carrying on the business. But to a man of such activity and energy as Mr. Dolan, the superintendence of a concern even of such magnitude as the Key- stone Knitting Mills, is not sufficient to occupy all his time, and he has therefore from time to time connected himself with other insti- tutions of the city, commercial, financial and political. He is pres- ident of the Quaker City Dye Works Company at no Oxford street, he also presides over the Philadelphia Association of Manufacturers of Textile Fabrics and the Textile Dyers' Association. He is vice- president of the National Association of Wool Manufacturers, one of the vice-presidents of the Union League Club, and a trustee of the Pennsylvania Museum of Industrial Art. He is also a director in the following important corporations, in many of which he takes an active part : the Merchants' National Bank, the Delaware Mutual Insurance Company, the United Gas Improvement Company, the Brush Electric Light Company, the Philadelphia Traction Com- pany, the School of Design for Women, and the University Hos- pital. The Keystone Knitting Mills are built on the most approved principles of modern manufacturing premises, and while the com- fort of the working people is carefully provided for, there is noth- ing wanting in the way of machinery for the better and quicker production of the goods and for the safety and benefit of the opera- tives. The great factory is indeed a small town of itself, and the surrounding neighborhood is mainly peopled by the families of the employees. The Keystone Works are a lasting monument to Phil- adelphia's commercial prosperity and capability as a manufacturing city. With characteristic modesty the members of the firm object to advertise their business in these pages by enumerating the num- ber of looms in daily work, or the output which is the result of the labor of the many pairs of hands. But it cannot be gainsaid, and there is no fear of contradiction in asserting, that the Keystone Knitting Mills are the largest in the United .States for the particu- lar class of goods that is turned out, and there are very few on the face of the earth so extensively engaged. The firm' has a down town office at No. 32 South Third street, where salesmen from all parts congregate to make purchases and to arrange for the distribu- tion of the goods of Thomas Dolan oc Co. Very few firms in the United States have acquired in a quiet un- obtrusive way, a demand for their manufactures, solely on account of their artistic merit and excellence, as the firm of W.J. Buck, Sons& Co. The business of this house was founded some ten years ago, by Mr. W. J. Buck and Byron H. Buck, and since the death in March, 1884, of W. J. Buck, has been continued by his sons, Byron H. and Dr. W. Penn Buck. This office and manufactory are located at Nos. 407-9-1 1-13-15 North Eighth street, being a large five-story building, supplied with all the necessary machinery and methods for manufacturing and finishing in brass, plated silver and bronze, gas and electrical fixtures. The sales and show rooms on the first floor of the building contain a very large and unique display of their manufactures, elegant in design, elaborate in ornamentation and perfect in construction. The firm employ no travelling salesmen, neither do they ad- vertise except through a handsomely illustrated catalogue which contains the most complete illustration of gas and electric light fix- tures, of rare artistic merit, yet published by any firm in the United States. Their trade has extended all oyer the country, with an export demand from the West Indies, Central America, South America, Australia, Canada, and other countries, solely by the re- putation they have acquired, by the work they have done, which is to be seen in many of the larger churches, public buildings, club- houses, banking and other institutions of the country. They employ two hundred skilled artisans and several designers thoroughly experienced in artistic and technical art. The plant at North Eighth street, is complete in every respect and every article manufactured is made and finished on the premises under the immediate superintendence of the firm by using the latest improved machinery and methods in manufacture and in the art of gilding, oxydizing and bronzing. Special designs are prepared on application for the most exten- sive as well as the most elaborate fixtures required, and estimates furnished. A visit to the establishment will satisfy the most critical observer, and their works as viewed in Cookman M. E. Church, Jacob Reed's Sons store, German Society, Columbia Avenue M. E. Church, and numerous other large buildings in various parts of this country, will convince anyone of the extent of their operations. R. H. RAMSEY Foremost among the inventors of the present generation may well be named Mr. R. H. Ramsey, whose car transfer apparatus, now in use on 40 lines of railroad in the United States, is one of the most wonderful as well as useful inventions of the age. Mr. Ramsey was born in Cobourg, Out., in 1844, and was edu- cated in the public schools of his native town. At the age ofscven- teen he became engaged in the freight business, and from his obser- vations while thus engaged he wrought out this wonderful appa- ratus by means of which, without skilled labor, and by force of gravity alone, car bodies are raised and replaced upon the trucks with greatest possible dispatch and without straining of joints, and without cracking the varnish on passenger and sleeping coaches, both of which are incident to the use of jacks. Mr. Ramsey first took out his patent in 1S76, and two others in May, 187S, and the year last named he introduced his system to general notice. The price and terms of a patent license granting the right to construct and operate the apparatus, are placed at a figure that enables any company to use it with profit, and will be made known on appli- cation to Mr. Ramsey at his office No. 743 Drexel Building, Phila- delphia. His system is now in use on the Union Pacific, W. N. Y. & P., Pittsburg & Western, Savannah, Florida & Western, Utah & Pacific, and many other railroads, and he received numerous med- als from Franklin Institute, World's Industrial Exposition, New Orleans, 1SS5, National Exposition of Railway Appliances, Chi- cago, 1S83, and other expositions. His invention is also extensively used in Russia, Australia, Brazil, Norway, India and elsewhere on the Eastern Continent. He has also copyrighted an engineer's device or chart for locating any section or part of section in any township and range where that system obtains, which is of great utility. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. ALEXANDER M'LEESTER GEORGE W. PLUMLY Now proprietor of one of the leading type foundries in the United States, known as the Collins ..V M'Leestei Type Foundry, w:is born October, [819, in the county of Deny, north of Ireland, of Scotch-Irish ancestry. His father, who had been in prosperous cir- cumstances, but had met with reverses, came to this country with his family while Alexander was yet a lad, and placed him as a " breaker boy " in the type foundry of Elihu White of New York, where he remained until he had passed through many grades of the business and acquired remarkable dexterity in the casting of type with the old hand mould. In fact he is accredited with having been the most rapid type caster in the country. On one occasion, in response to a challenge from a rival foundry, lie entered into a con- test with one who was supposed to be the champion caster and gained such advantage that his opponent surrendered when the task was only half completed. Realizing, however, that he was not perfect in the higher branches of the art, he came to Philadel- phia and apprenticed himself to Messrs. Johnson &: Smith, after he became of age, for a term of three years, and served until he became a thorough master of type found- ing, when he sought an oppor- tunity to engage in business for his own account. This happened in the spring of 1S53, when, through the intervention of friends, a meeting was arranged between him and Samuel C. Col- lins, a son of T. K. Collins, then and for many years previously a leading printer in Philadelphia, and a partnership under the firm name of Collins 6c M'Leester was established. Mr. Collins had learned the trade of printing in his father's establishment, and being a man of fine presence, affable, and popular in manner, he made friends with the pub- lishers and printers, and notwith- standing the bitter opposition of the old and rich concerns, the young firm soon obtained a foot- hold. The Evening Telegraph purchased its first "dress" from this establishment, and probably has never bought type from any other. The Evening Star and Fitzgerald's Hem were among the early patrons, and the business grew until now probably three- fourths of the leading journals in the citv and the State are printed with the Collins & M'Leester type. The North American has been furnished with type from this foundry for more than twenty years to its entire satisfaction. Wonderful stories are told among old printers of the amount of wear this type will endure and few who have once used it can be induced to take any other. Mr. M'Leester gave his personal atten- tion to the manufacture, and for many years worked at night, as well as by day, to insure prompt execution of orders. The partner- ship continued in harmonious relations for a period of thirty years when it was terminated by the death of Mr. Collins, which occurred suddenly July 13, 1S83. Two years later Mr. M'Leester purchased his farmer partner's interest and is now the sole proprietor, but retaining the old firm name. In 1863 a young printer named Eugene II. Munday entered the establishment and has remained ever since until he is now its business manager. Possessing talents as a writer, he edited formally years a trade publication of the firm called '/'/;< /'/ oof Sheet, to which he contributed a series of interesting articles on "The Press of Phila- delphia in 1N70," and has written poems which have been published by J. B. Lippiucott & Co. in a volume remarkable for the beauty of its typography. Mr. M'Leester was for many years a vestry man and warden in the ( )ld Swedes' church, and in all the relations of life has been a useful, respected and excellent citizen. Alexander M'Leester This well-known and old-established ck to the year [846, and no article manufactured en lirectly into general use of all branches of business, than s, anil in no other country has such improvement ami perfection thoroughly attained as iu the United States. The premises occu- pied for manufacturing and trade purposes comprise a five-story building with solid stone foundations, Nos. 213, 215 and 217 N. Fourth street and No. 326 Branch street. In the basement is the engine room and cellarfor storing raw material. The first floor being used for the shipping department and the second floor is occupied with large spacious office, elegantly fitted up, the rear part of which is used as a store room. On the third floor goods are packed ready lor shipment, and the fourth, fifth and sixth floors are occupied by the employees of the firm for manufacturing purposes, there being some 2S0 hands employed the year round. The business extends to all parts of the United States and Canada, the firm making a spe- cialty in druggists' supplies for the wholesale trade, such as round and plain pill boxes, round and plain magnesia and charcoal boxes, oblong plain powder boxes, slid- ing boxes lor powders and loz- enges, round-shouldered insect powder boxes, etc., etc., too nu- merous to here mention. Mr. Plumly is a thorough ex- pert in all the details of the busi- ness to which he has devoted for so 111 any years his close and per- sonal attention, and is noted in the trade for his enterprise in adopt- ing every improvement that will combine quick production and economy without iu any way les- sening the good qualities of the product ; as a consequence, the reputation of this house for origi- nality of design and first class workmanship is unequalled in the trade, and the goods are in heavy and influential demand, not only in the city of Philadelphia, but all through the United States and Canada ; wholesale druggists keeping a general supply of their goods always in stock. Mr. Plumlv is the sole propri- etor and to him the credit is given for doing as large, if not a larger business than any other house in the city; the capital invested in the enterprise is about $150, 000. ( Irders by mail, telegraph or tele- phone arc promptly filled at the lowest market rates. Mr. Plumly exercises strict supervision over the business; he is an old resi- dent, well known and highly respected in business circles as an enterprising, progressive and successful business man. AMERICAN METER COMPANY The above company manufacture wet and dry gas meters, sta- tion meters with patent shaft, etc., photometers, pressure registers, and the various apparatus used in gas distribution. Also gas stoves for cooking and heating, etc. The business was first established in N. Milsted, Esq., secretary and treasurer, of New York City. The manufactory is 1.1 immense brick bull lin,, five stories high en the northwest corner of Twenty-second and Arch streets, in the City of Philadelphia, also one at 50S to 514 West Twenty-second street, New York, and 244 and 246 North Wells street. Chicago, with agenciesat 47 Water street, Cincinnati, 810 North Second street, St. Louis, Mo., and 122 and 124 Sutler street, San Francisco. The com- pany employ about 250 hands, all told. Descriptive catalogues are mailed ou application. PHILADELPHIA AXD POPULAR PHILADELPHIA MS. MANUFACTURERS. ROBT. J. TAYLOR & SON The artisans of the present day are very far ahead of the ancients in almost every trade. There are indeed but few methods now in vogue that were used by the ancients. The smelter has made perhaps fewer improvements than any other line. The same methods that were in use centuries ago are still used in some particular branches. The Cru- cible now in use is almost identically the same as that used by the smelter who plied his trade before the Christian era. Looking further into the modern history of Crucibles, we find that one of the best known and largest factories devoting their entire energies to this line is that of Messrs. Robert J. Taylor & Son. The plant is situated at the southwest corner of Nineteenth and Callow- hill streets, and consists of large three-story brick buildings, covering a large space, which are fitted up with two fifty horse power engines, and the latest improved machinery, with a capacity of about 6000 Crucibles per week. The de- mand is chiefly for two kinds of Crucibles containing black- lead, viz : Steel and Brass Crucibles. The Steel Crucibles are usually made in three sizes, No. 40, in which about 75 lbs., No. 50, in which about 90 lbs., and No. 60, in which about 105 lbs. of steel are melted. The Brass Crucibles are used to melt all other metals except steel, and vary in sizes from one that will hold but a few ounces, for jewelers' work, up to those that hold 2000 lbs. Besides the above ordinary manufacture, the firm make retorts, (used for distilling zinc from silver, etc.,) covers, stools, dipping cups, stirrers, etc., etc, and thej- make to order any size or shape, all of which will resist the highest white heat known in the arts, without injury or destruction. The materials used consist of black-lead and clay. The black-lead is all imported from the Island of Ceylon, and comes in sizes known as dust, lump and chip — securely packed in barrels, weighing from 600 to 800 lbs. — This has all to be ground, screened, sifted and bolted until it is brought to the best condition. The clay is all imported from Germany ; although this is not per- fect in quality it is the best to be had and is perhaps the most plastic and sticky clay known. As in all branches of the potter's art the first operation is forming the vessel. The Crucibles are made in plaster of Paris moulds. These moulds are placed on a revolving wheel operated by steam power. A ball of properly worked material is then placed in the mould, a machine called a jigger is then pushed into the wheeling mass, the mould forming the out- side lines and the jigger the inside. The freshly made Cruci- ble is then placed on a rack where it is allowed to remain un- til it has become sufficiently hardened so as to bear its own weight, it is then taken from the mould and carefully looked over and all irregularities in shape rectified ; from there they are taken to the warm air drying room, after which process they are placed in large kilns, and burned to the proper heat, and are then ready for shipment. In looking over the man}- Crucibles in the different stages of manufacturing, at Messrs. Robert J. Taylor & Sons' factory, one is reminded of the Giant's Causeway with the towering black column, but upon closer examination they appear in their true shape — finished product. Here are to be found all styles and varieties of Brass Crucibles, Steel Crucibles, Dip- ping Cups, Stirrers, etc., — in fact everything in this line. The quality of the product as a whole is perhaps better than any other in this country. The firm have been serving the United States Mints for many years, and have several strong and valuable letters from them referring to the quality of their goods. In addition to supplying the Government the firm are constantly receiving orders from the largest consu- mers of Crucibles throughout the country, and they also ex- port quite a number to Europe. The high reputation that Mr. Taylor and his son have attained for quality is due to the fact, that they are thoroughly practical men, having spent their entire business career in this line, and give their per- sonal attention to all the details. THE THEODORE C. KNAUFF COMPANY . The Theodore C. Knauff Company, whose offices are located at 23S Dean street in this city, is the oldest firm of church organ builders in the L'nited States. The business was first established in the city of Philadelphia in the vear 1S2H by Mr. Henry Knauff, then a professional musician, who had planned and built several small organs. He visited Boston to engage a builder for what was at that time considered a large organ. He had planned it for the noted Dr. Bethune's church, then 011 Crown street, above Race, Philadelphia. The building is still standing and is used as a school- house. Mr. Knauff being unable to get anv organ builder in Boston to undertake building so large an instrument returned to Philadelphia, secured workmen and built the organ for Dr. Bethune's church himself, though then without the facilities of a factorv. In 1S34, Henry Knauff's first regular workshop was opened in Phila- delphia, in a building which had been erected for other purposes, on a small street running north of Cherry, west of Eighth, where a large three manual organ was built that vear. The principal manufactory of the Company is at Newark, Dela- ware, which consists of large brick buildings standing on six acres of land, the property of the Company, on the main line of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, with a private siding running directlv through the main building, by which means supplies and finished work can be unloaded and loaded directlv at the spot desired, with- out unnecessary handling or cartage. When the several buildings called for by the general plans are all completed, the six acres of land will be nearly all covered with the various shops, storehouses, lumber sheds, dryhouses, offices, etc., of the Company. The "erecting" room is in the middle of the main building and is spacious enough to hold, entirely put together, the largest organ. The interior of this erecting room is fifty-four feet long, seventy-five feet deep, has a floor surface of over 3000 square feet, with a cubic capacity of over 207,000 cubic feet. The exterior of this portion of the building is so finished as to suggest, though not to imitate, a large organ. A portion of the organ pipes which form the exterior finish and decoration are for display only. The por- tion in the cupola, however, are speaking flue pipes on high pres- sure wind, suitable for out of door effect. These are played at the hours by the clock mechanism in place of striking a bell, and is quite a curiosity. The metal shop for pipe making is 100 feet in length by 40 in width, in which the soldering furnace and melting pots are heated by a separate fuel gas system from the Company's own works on the ground. In this wing is also located the fire proof store-room for the thousands of patterns, scales, etc., which have been accumulating for many years. Two steam engines of seventy horse power each, one being a beautiful " Armington and Sims," with ample boiler capacity, are located in an addition in the rear, and furnish the power for the wood working and machine shops, for the elevators, for other special purposes, and for the heating and electric lighting plants, the building being heated by steam and lighted as well as the town by electricity from the Com- pany's electric plant. A system of exhaust air dust collectors, worked by steam suction fans, collects the shavings and refuse directlv from the wood working machines and benches, and carries them to the shaving vault for consumption under the boilers. There are two steam elevators, one in each wing, of size sufficient to contain the largest pieces used in an organ. Automatic fire sprinklers and fire hydrants extend through the entire building. The machinery includes every modern tool made which would be of any use in the business. A line of special machinery, made to order, has been added for the manufacture of the delicate action, reed and other work. The building is so constructed that the work in the several departments makes a certain progression or circuit, avoiding all unnecessary hauling to and fro with conse- quent loss of time and money. After the crude material enters the building it follows its regular course until it reaches the erecting room finished, from whence it is packed and shipped direct, upon the cars in waiting. There are hundreds of men employed in this factory alone. It is the largest, finest ami most complete factorv and plant for the manufacture of organs in the world. Their organs can be seen in the leading Cathedrals, Churches and private resi- dences in every part of the United States. The directors and officers of the Company are: Theo. C. Knauff, President; M. Price, Treasurer; Geo. H. Carpenter, Sec- retary ; S. M. Curtis (Vice-President National Bank, Newark, Del.), D. McK. Hobart. 136 PHILADELPHIA ASH POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. POWERS & WEIGHTMAN'S LABORATORY ■ 9 The War of 1812, with Great Britain, created a great scarcity of chemicals in this country and resulted in such high prices as stimulated their manufacture in the United States. Consequently in 1S1S, a building on the north side Powers & Weightman-s Laboratory Ninth and Parrish Streets of Arch street , west of Twelfth, was se- cured by Messrs. Farr & Kunzi, the original members of the pres- ent firm of Powers & Weightman, and used by them as a Laboratory, being among the first buildings used for that purpose in this country. Constantly increasing business made it necessary to change the location of their works to Fairmount avenue above Fourth street, and finally, in 1839, to their present site which was then upon the outskirts of the city. In the more than seventy years of its existence the firm name has undergone but three changes. In 1838 to John Farr & Co. ; in 1 841, to Farr, Powers & Weightman, and in 1S48, to Powers & Weightman. The Laboratory at the Falls of Schuylkill, where some seventy acres are owned by this firm, was erected in 184S, and its capacity has been increased by the erection of other buildings as the necessities of the business demanded. Here are made sulphuric, nitric, muriatic, tartaric, citric and other acids, as well as alum, blue vitriol, epsom salt, sul- phate of iron, magnesia, etc., etc., the output of which is enormous. The annexed engraving represents their City Labora- tories at Ninth and Parrish streets, which are also very extensive and include four large buildings, the largest of which contains their offices occupying half a square, the buildings being 190x360 feet and most of them five stories high ; another, a warehouse of same height, is 80 x 100 feet which, with two other large storage buildings are in constant use. At the City Laboratories are made sul- E phate of quinine (of which Powers & Weightman originated the manufacture in this country and which has for many years been one of its staple products), morphine and its salts, the various iodides and bromides and a full line of mercurials, as well as a large quantity of medicinal and photographic chemicals, carrying, in fact, a general assortment of the officinal prepa- rations of British and United States Pharmacopoeias, vary- ing as the Pharmacopoeias and business changes demand. The firm enjoys a world-wide reputation not alone for the purity and beauty of its chemicals but also for the fairness and liberality underlying all its dealings. It deservedly occupies a position in the front rank of the largest chemical manufacturers of the world and furnishes a rare instance, in business circles, of a firm presenting to the community an untarnished reputation during an active existence cov- ering more than three generations. ;i,(, n illllllMllllllllll^^llllllllllllllllinilllll^^- 137 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. WILLIAM AMER & CO. JAMES E. DINGEE This is the oldest Morocco Manufacturing house in the l T nited States. It was organized in 1832 by William Anier, the father of Edward C. Amer, now the senior member of this firm. The firm style at the commencement of the business was Amer & Bveland, succeeded by Amer & Bird, then by Amer & Fritz, which was filially dissolved and James I). Wood was admitted under the firm style of William Amer & Co. During the partnership Mr. Wood deceased. After an apprenticeship of seven years, and thereby gaining a thorough knowledge of the business, the senior member as above stated, was admitted as partner in 1867, and Mr. Augustus Amer two years later ; he died while a member of the firm. In 1875 the founder of the business died. Charles D. Kenworthev, having been in the employ of the house for a decade of years, be. came partner in 1876, and John G. Taylor who had been with the house seventeen years was admitted in 1886. Hence the present members of the firm respectively are : Edward C. Amer, Charles D. Kenworthey and John G. Taylor, but the firm style of William Amer X: Co. is retained. The business was first located at the corner of Dillwyn and Willow streets ; in 1.X44 a new factory was built at Third and Willow streets, and the business moved to its present location. In 18S1 property adjoining was purchased, because of increased demand, which doubled the capacity of the factory. Only the finest grades of morocco are manufactured from goat skins for ladies' shoes. Until four years ago these skins w-ere tanned iu sumac, a leaf of a bush grown in Virginia, and the imported article, Sicily sumac, grown on the island of Sicily. The skins were finished into boot skins or oil dressed leather ; French Morocco, a high glazed leather ; Brush Kid, a smooth fine leather for ladies' slippers — and Brush Grain. But the demand has changed and the famous French Kid is required. These skins are tanned in alum and called Alum Straight Kid. Some by the combination tannage, a mixture of alum, salt and gambia, and various other tannages. After a year of experimenting by this firm, they suc- ceeded in perfecting an article not onh- as good as the imported French Kid, but superior in many respects, being a better color, stronger, softer and consequently more pliable to the feet, and being able to produce it at much less cost it has superseded the demand for the imported article and has almost driven it out of the market. The present capacity of the factory is seventy-five thousand dozen skins per annum, or two hundred and fifty dozen per day. In 1832 when the business was begun the output was but eight to ten dozen per day. Branch houses have been established in Boston and Cincinnati where a thriving business is being carried on. Mr. Edward C. Amer, the senior member, has a general superintendency of all the affairs of the house, hence the whole business is under a straight- forward and careful supervision. Mr. Charles D. Kenworthey has charge of the financial part of the business and has proven his competency long ago. Mr. John G. Taylor was thoroughly instructed by the senior member in the manufactory of morocco and he has full charge of that department. The goods manufactured by this firm are popular all over the country and have become celebrated. We have in this sketch an example of what strict attention to business will do towards reaching the pinnacle of success, and it is a remarkable fact that this house in the fifty-nine years of its exis- tence has not " shut down " one hour. They have passed through all the financial panics, and stand to-day second to none, for sterl- ing integrity and highest commercial rating. Few firms, if any, in this city can claim a larger percentage of increase in "output" than the firm of William Amer 6c Co., and another commendable feature is that they have in their employ several who have been with them from youth to man and woman- hood and to a ripe and honorable old age. Why cannot this In- more generally the case where such a large force is demanded. Edmund Dingee, founder of above firm and father of James E. Dingee, began the business of brick making in the year 1832, at Eleventh and Chestnut streets, where the Girard Row now stands. The natural course of improvements com- — peHecfthe removal of the plant to the outlying districts of the city. He then located his works at Fifth and Green streets, from which site he removed to Eighth and Poplar streets, and later to Seventh and Master streets, and then to Sixteenth and Green streets, and then to Twentieth and Master streets. In 1 S58 the plant was removed to Twenty- fourth and Columbia avenue. Mr. James E. Dingee, having been in his father's employ for some years, learning the business, was taken in as member of the firm in the above year. Mr. Edmund Dingee's death occurring in the year 1S62, Mr. James E. Dingee con- tinued the business at the above place until the 3'ear 1S82, whenhe built 140 dwelling houses on theground, and removed the works to the present locations, viz., Twenty-fifth and Dia- mond, Twenty-second and York, Twenty-fourth and Cum- berland, and Twenty-sixth and York streets, with main of- fice at the latter place. There are eighteen acres of ground enclosed, and the yearly output has increased from 700,000 bricks in 1S32 to 32,000,000 in 1891. Until the year 1 88 1 bricks were made entirely by hand, but in that year brick making machinery was introduced. There is, however, still a limited amount made by hand, notably the front press brick, for which this firm has established a reputation. The firm employ about 400 hands and 35 teams. It is estimated that during the past twenty years they have furnished the brick for 700 dwellings per year. They have also shipped brick to all the principal points in the United States. Among some of the larger contracts filled can be mentioned Bergner & Engel, J. F. Betz & Sons, Louis Bergdoll, and J. & P. Baltz, brewers ; Park Theatre, Girard Avenue Theatre, Pub- lic Buildings for three years, three buildings at Girard Col- lege grounds, Diamond Electric Eight Company Building, and a number of churches and school houses, and some of the largest sewers built in this city. In the year 1890 Mr. Dingee made extensive improvements in his machine yard, having purchased and removed to his grounds the large build- ings comprising Machinery Hall and Poultry House at the State Fair grounds, Fifteenth and Lehigh avenue. He had improved machinery and new brick machines placed in these buildings, also a patent steam dryer, making one of the most complete plants for the manufacture of bricks in this coun- try. This plant was destroyed by fire on the second day of May, 1891, and within two months it was rebuilt and in com- plete running order. It is estimated that this firm have man- ufactured and sold 700,000,000 bricks since it was established in the year 1S32. They are receiving and handling orders for any quantity of brick required for building operations, the daily average delivery being about 100,000 per working day. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. H. D. JUSTI About the year 1S19, porcelain teetli were first manufactured in this country and a number of persons experimented in this line with more or less success. Mr. H. D. Justi of Philadelphia, in 1852, first had his attention called to artificial teeth, and in his experiments succeeded in making a number of very marked improvements. Up to about the year 1S55, only one kind of teeth had been manu- factured, teeth for gold and silver plate, and but very little attention had been paid to their construction of form to approach nature. Then a rubber base was introduced, and from that time the entire dental business has been revolutionized. Mr. H. D. Justi seeing that there was room for improvement, succeeded in constructing moulds suitable to the various formations of the jaws, adopting curved lines in which he could sink any depth around the neck of the teeth to receive the gum color, and temporizing the materials so that in one very easy operation he had the tooth ready- to finish. This mode of manufacturing artificial teeth has been copied by all other manufacturers. The cut herewith represents Mr. H. D. Justi 's new factory at Thirty-second and Spring Garden streets, which was built and fitted up expressly for the purpose of manufacturing artificial teeth and all other implements used by the dental profession. A large stock of artificial teeth, dental instruments, filling materials, etc., always kept on hand at H. D. Justi's Dental Depots, 66 Madison street, Chi- cago, 1301 and 1303 Arch street, Philadelphia. lions of chemical bricks, ami will willingly give many references as well as any desired information conn i u:n fchei i bility and economy. Mr. Remmey was born in Philadelphia in (835, and received his education in the Master street school which wa father, Henry Remmey. He was brought up in business w father until he was twenty-one yens oi age, when he brancii for himself in a small way at Marshall' and Poplar streei there to Frankford road, occupying a whole block. He has been not only remarkable for the energy with which he has cond his business, but for the genius he has displayed in perfecting and improving the quality of his chemical bricks and other articles. His business has greatly increased, requiring additional room and facilities. In 1873 he removed to his present location on Cum- berland street and is now building a branch establishment on Rich- mond street, running to the Delaware river, covering some thirteen acres and convenient to the Pennsylvania Railroad and Belt Line Railroad. Mr. Henry Remmey, father of R. C. Remmey, was a Philadel- phiau, an enterprising gentleman much respected in his day. He represented his district [Kensington] in Select Councils from [836 to 1S44, was an old line Whig and a strong friend of Henry Clay. RICHARD C. REMMEY The manufacturing chemists of this country and Europe as well as a great portion of manu- facturers and builders of the city of Philadelphia will recognize the name of Remmey as connected with the improvements made in the manufacture of chemical acid- proof fire bricks, blocks, tiles, chemical stoneware and similar articles used by chemists, rolling mills, lime kilns, glass works, etc., who has brought all these articles to their present state of utilitv and perfection. The object of this work is not only to describe the great industries of the citv but as well to call attention to many things in use concerning the manufacture of which but little is generally known. Mr. Remmey is the proprietor of an establishment that dates its existence back to the year 17S3 and has enjoyed the confidence and respect of those who have had business intercourse with him. The productions of Mr. Remmey 's have always sustained a good reputation and the house has since it began business ever been alert to adopt any methods suggested by scientific research to improve the character of its products, and to-day there is probably no brand so favorably known as the " Remmey. " Chemical Stone- ware in capacities from 12 gallons to 250 gallons is made by the firm and larger sizes when specially ordered. His Chemical bricks are now known throughout the United States and Europe for great strength, sustaining heavy weight, resist- ing great heat, acid and all kinds of gas. They will not corrode in use and will last hundreds of years in chimneys and in all kinds of gas flues, and in chemical manufacture and dye works. In all cases where coal is burned in quantities the chimney should be con- structed of chemical brick, not only to assist distribution by the coal gas, but as a prevcuter of destructive fires in consequence of flues becoming defective. Ordinary fire bricks are unsafe — they will not withstand gases. Experience proves that coal gas corrodes them in a short time. Mr. Rcmmey's chemical bricks are hard as steel, made from a peculiar kind of clay to stand all tests and for many years have been in use by the largest acid manufacturers in the country. During his many years of business he has made several mil- PARTRICK, CARTER & CO. One of the oldest and largest houses in the city of Philadelphia and United States, extensiveh engaged in the manufacture of electrical supplies for the tele- graph, telephone, electric light, etc., is that of Messrs. Partrick, Carter & Co., whose offices and factory are located at 125 S. Sec- ond street. The progress made in the last twenty years in the vari- ous branches of electrical science is something marvellous. In every department there has been uniform and constant progress and more than six hundred millions of capital is invested to-day in this branch of the business in the United States. In twelve years good positions have been provided for more than 250,000 persons, not to mention the large number of laboring people who have found employment in the various de- partments of electrical work. The business was originally established in 1867, by the late James Partrick. The present part- ners who trade under the above firm name are, Franklin S. Car- ter, Charles M. Wilkins and E. Ward Wilkins, all of whom have been connected with the house from its early days. For a number of years the firm was located at 114 S. Second street, but on account of the constant growth of their business the}' became cramped for room, and it became necessary for them to secure more extensive premises. Hence they decided to remove to 225 S. Second street and 131 Gothic street, the removal occurred on January 1, 1S91. By this removal the house has secured better facilities of every kind. They now have over 20,000 square feet of floor space as against 6,000 feet at the old address. The main build- ing is a handsome and substantial iron front structure, of five lofty floors and basement, each 120 feet deep, the Gothic street building forming an "L " which is 20 x 50 feet aud five stories high. The firm have put in a great deal of new machinery, anil in other waj s increased their manufacturing facilities aud they have also more room than heretofore for the display of stock. They are now- better prepared than ever before, to meet all the demands for elec- trical apparatus and supplies that may be made upon them. The firm make aud sell about everything that can be called for under the above classification, and we have no hesitation in saying that there is no concern in the country that manufactures or handles more reliable goods than they do. They sell to the trade exclu- sively and ship to all parts of the United States and also to various foreign countries. D. Justi-s Works ■39 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. MANUFACTURER'; FAYETTE R. PLUMB Fayette R. Plumb, the subject of our present sketch, was born in Gowanda, Erie County, New York, Ma}' 2, [848, His father, Col. Joseph H. Plumb, is one of the most promi- nent citizens of Western New York, having retired from ac- tive business life some years ago, with ample wealth to devote his attention to unremunerative work. His grandfather, Ralph Plumb, was one of the pioneers of Erie count} - , and was prominently connected with the mercantile interests of Buffalo during the War of [812. Mr. Plumb's early childhood was spent at Gowanda, his native village, but upon his attaining the age of fourteen his parents thought it advisable to give him greater educa- tional advantages than those available near home, and he was forthwith sent to the FYedonia Academy, Chautauqua county, Xew York. Here he remained but one year, when the Model vSchool, of Trenton, N. J., attracted his attention, and he continued his studies there. Two years were spent at this place, when he again changed his course and became a student at Williston Seminary, East Hampton, Mass. Here he graduated in the class of 1S67, as a full student of the English Department. Upon leaving school he became anx- ious to enter business immediately, and coming to this city in the following summer, he entered the employ of the well known firm of Lloyd, Supplee & Walton (now Supplee Hard- ware Company), for the purpose of learning the hardware business. After remaining with this firm for two years he formed a partnership with Jonathan Yerkes, who since 1856 had been engaged in building up a business for the manufacture of hammers. This partnership was formed in the spring of 1869, and the new business, under the name of Yerkes & Plumb, started in a complete new works erected at the corner of Church street and the Pennsylvania Railroad. These works were considered of ample capacity, and being provided with all the facilities for conducting an increased business, it was thought sufficient for t;he demand for years to come. The business continued to grow rapidly, however, and in 1881 another removal took place, the present site of the works being selected from its easy railroad connections. Although the business was, at its founding, devoted exclusively to ham- mer making, it gradually broadened its field, and now in- cludes an extensive output of hammers and sledges, also edge tools, picks, mattocks and grub hoes, and quite a line of railroad, blacksmiths' and miners' tools. The raw mate- rials are chiefly iron, steel and hickory, the latter being de- livered in rough pieces, split out to length, as all the handles are turned and finished at the works. Mr. Jonathan Yerkes retired trom the business in April, 1886, but the same firm name was continued until July 1, 1887, when it became that of the proprietor, Fayette R. Plumb. The present works occupy four acres of ground on the east side of the Xew York Division of the Pennsylvania Rail- road, between Frankford and Bridesburg stations, and are connected with the railroad by a siding 400 feet long, run- ning directly through the warehouse, which is 180 by 60 feet, and is used for storing raw material. There are three build- ings in the main works, viz., forge shop, grinding and pol- ishing shop, and storehouse. The grinding and polishing shop, 30 by 175 feet, two stories, is connected with the store rooms and offices, a building of the same size and appear- ance, by a building 50 by 68 feet, two stories, containing the engine and boilers, and a portion of the finishing department. The forge shop, 50 by 200 feet, is connected with the grind- ing shop by a storage room, 40 by 60 feet. The new machine shop, 30 by 72 feet, and new tempering room, 24 by 72 feet, were added during 18S8, while in 1S89 the forge shop, 50 by 60 feet, for the manufacture of picks, mattocks and grub hoes, was erected parallel to the main forge shop. Early in the year 1890, finding that the quarters for the wood working and finishing departments were becoming crowded, a new building, 75 by 28 feet, two stories, was also added, while during the present year additions to the grind- ing and tempering departments have just been completed. All buildings are constructed with the best material, con- sisting of hard brick walls, finished with slate roofs, which gives a pleasing uniformity of appearance. Since the retirement of Mr. Yerkes the annual output of the works has been increased nearly 100 per cent., and now constitutes the largest business in the L'nited States in this particular line. The trade is not confined to any special locality, but ex- tends to all parts of the L'nited States ; in fact, there is not a market of any prominence in the country where these goods are not well and favorably known, while the export trade in- cludes Canada, South America, Australia, Germany and the west coast of Africa. Although these works already take the lead among oth- ers of the same class, Mr. Plumb lately made the statement that during the next ten years he hopes to double their present production. He never received what could be called a special education to prepare him for the manufacturing business, but has grown up and developed with the establishment he now controls. Much of his time for the first fifteen years was given to building up the business by traveling, while Mr. Yerkes looked after the manufacturing department. All of his spare time, however, was devoted to making himself thoroughly familiar with the methods and practical details of the work, so that when it become necessary to assume entire charge of all the departments of the business, he found himself fully prepared to do so. Mr. Plumb has an agent at Sydney, who looks after the Australian trade, and during the past five years has been employed in a thorough canvass of that trade, as Mr. Plumb considered it one of the best of all foreign markets for American tools. His action had been justified, owing to the fact that nearly all of the tools now used in that country are American made, our patterns being very superior to the English. Mr. Plumb has issued a very completely illustrated catalogue of the goods he manufactures, which is con- sidered the finest work of the kind ever issued to the hard- ware trade. Medals have been awarded him for his displays made at the Centennial Exhibition in 1876, International p;.xhibition at Sydney. X. S. W., in 1879, a ' so at tne World's International Cotton Flxhibition held at Xew Orleans in 1883. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. CHARLES ENEU JOHNSON This widely known printing ink manufacturer was born in Philadelphia, March 2, 1S29. He is the descendant of a line of pioneer ink manufacturers, and has built up on the foundation which they laid one of the most -extensive and complete printing ink manufactories in the United States. His grandfather, Charles Johnson, founded the business January 7, 1S04, on the site, Tenth and Lombard streets, where the offices arid chemical departments of the company are still located. When he commenced business there were 110 manufactories of this class in this country (though the Sowers, of Germantown, had made printers' ink for their own use in the last century), and the general demand was supplied by importations from England and Germany, the products being shipped here packed in skins. Mr. Johnson commenced with a very small capital, and had the misfortune to have his establish- ment almost totally destroyed by fire within a year after he com- menced business, a fact noted in the North American of that date, which mentions him as "our enterprising fellow townsman," but he persevered, and succeeded in forcing the foreign product out of the American market. He continued the business un- til March 2, 1S27, when he re- tired in favor of his son, Charles Johnson , Jr. , and died April 1 5 , 1S40, at the age of sixty-eight. The son made improvements in the processes of production and greatly extended the man- ufacture, but after an active business life of seventeen years he withdrew, being in turn succeeded by his son, Charles Eneu Johnson, under whose administration the concern has grown vastly in extent, reputa- tion and importance. While retaining the original build- ings on Tenth street for offices and the testing of inks, new and very extensive works cov- ering several acres have been erected in the southwestern part of the city, where the grinding, mixing and various other manipulations required in the manufacture are carried on. Here are the huge tanks for the oils, and an immense quantity of material is stored to meet any demand. The operation of stilling and retort are separated from the carbon works, the latter being abso- lutely fire-proof buildings. Many of the artisans in these works have been in the em- ploy of the company during their whole lives, and it is one of Mr. Johnson's distinguishing characteristics that he will not part with a competent and faithful employee for slight cause, and those who remain until disabled by old age are kindly cared for. One old and faithful colored man who had worked in the grinding department for fifty-eight years was recently retired on a pension of f 20 a week and house rent free. The firm manufacture not only newspaper and book inks, but the most brilliant of colored lithographic and typographic inks, and an inspection of the expensive sample cards they issue will give a better idea of the resources of this establishment than any written description can do. But while they may lie said to make all kinds of printing inks, they never have made and probably never will make any of the rosin or inferior inks with which the market is too abundantly supplied, or resort to the trick of giving under weight to compensate for low prices. Mr. Johnson has now two sous, Harry Eneu and William W. Johnson, who have been carefully educated as chemists and for practical service, and it is probable that in the fourth generation the firm will have extensive works on the Pacific coast to supply the markets of Australia, South America, Mexico and Japan, besides the branch offices thev now have in the leading cities of the United States. Charles Eneu Johnson EAVENSON & SONS Jones Eavenson and his eldest son, Allen E., came to Philadel- phia in 1857, from Chester, Pennsylvania, where they had been born and reared. Haying settled in Philadelphia, they embarked in the business of manufacturing soaps, but having a very small capital and but one kettle, the capacity of which was only 800 pounds, the}- could do but very little at first. They began business on Melon street below Eleventh, in a small building, but they pros- pered and soon rented a larger building on Hubbell street above Catharine. Business here also prospered beyond their fondest ex- pectations, and they were quickly enabled to obtain all the neces- sir\ appliances needed to meet the demands of their increasing trade. Business continued to improve until 1S66, when they pur- chased a property at the southeast corner of Twentieth and Carlton streets. Here they obtained a building 45 x 90 feet, aud three stories high in which there were kettles capable of boiling about 9,000 pounds of soap per week. Erom this time forward additional kettles were added and machinery of the most improved kind in- troduced. In 1S70, the front of the building 011 Twentieth street had four stories placed upon it, making an addition of 45 by 60 feet. In 1887, they purchased three dwelling houses adjoining their factory in the rear, fronting on New- bold street. Immediately the houses were razed together with the old factory and they covered the entire lot with a new building five stories high with basement. It has a capa- city to turn out 25,000 pounds of soap per week. January 1 , 1S6S, M. M. Eavenson was ad- mitted to an interest in the business, aud the firm so con- tinued until March, 1SS3, when the senior member passed away in the seventy-ninth year of his age. On January i, 1S84, E. V. and W. J. Eavenson were admitted to partnership, and since that time the firm has remained unchanged. The out- put of this house is the largest in the State and goes all over the country, and their many shipments abroad. The spe- cialties are high grade laun- .dry and fine toilet soaps, and as now situated the offices are at 313-315 N. Twentieth street. The factory is at 1920-22-24-26- 28-30 Carlton street. On No- vember 6, 187 1, the entire fac- tory was destroyed by fire. It was rebuilt so quickly that it had soap boiling in seven weeks. Everybody must use soap of some kind, and Eavenson & Sons manufacture the very highest grades of both laundry and toilet soaps. THE PHILADELPHIA TRUSS COMPANY The Philadelphia Truss Company (Herman Becker) was estab- lished in 1850, and is now located at 610 Locust street, on Washing- ton Square, in a building specially arranged for its uses, and, com- plete with all modern appliances, sends its products throughout the world, and supplies a large number of goods to the L^nited States Government. The firm while being extensive manufacturers are also heavy exporters, make specialties of the Champion truss, elas- tic stockings, braces and supporters. Its most important work is in surgical hosiery, hard rubber trusses, and crutches. Its exten- sive operations outside of the country have necessitated the estab- lishment of a number of foreign brauches, as in Montreal, Ontario, Toronto, and London, England. It was awarded a gold medal at the New Orleans Exposition, and special medals at the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition. It guarantees every piece of work turned out. A glance through the establishment, aud even a quick inspec- PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA \S. MANUFACTURERS. tion of the various work required, and the number of workmen and workwomen employed in this manufacture, shows how great must he the demand for the goods produced by this house. It is in com- paratively recent years that capitalists thought it worth while to invest their money in these specialties. Before that time there were innumerable crude appliances which seemed to answer their purpose fairly well, until the men who had made a study of the sub- ject saw that vast improvement was possible and determined upon making it. While almost perfection has been reached in the mak- ing of trusses, etc., and all the varieties of surgical hosiery, the advance in price over the awkward appliances of so little while ago is almost infinitesimal, and when it is remembered how much longer these modern articles last, and with how much greater comfort and satisfaction they are worn, they are by far cheaper than the things they have superseded. In all manufactories which appeal for sup- port from the afflicted and cater to their relief, there must assuredly be greater care than in the ordinary work-shop. For this reason, among other reasons, only the very best material is used by the Philadelphia Truss Company, and they employ only the most skilled labor. The building of the company is pleasantly lo- cated directly opposite Wash- ington Square on the south side. It is three stories in height, and all the space is devoted to its own uses. The business offices are on the first floor, the work rooms above. Its machinery is operated by steam. All who patronize this house are assured of satisfac- tion as their goods are first- class and A i. JAMES MOORE There is probably no one better known in the iron and steel industries in the City of Philadelphia than Mr. James Moore, proprietor of the fa- mous Bush Hill Iron Works, one of the most extensive man- ufactories in this city, which covers one square and two- thirds, with a frontage of 670 feet on Buttonwood street and 208 feet on Spring Garden street, where they employ about 350 men when running on full time. Mr. Moore's successful career in business furnishes another illustration of what can be done by indus- try and perseverance. He was born in County Down, Ireland, August 7, 181S, on a farm upon which his ancestors for generations had been born and raised, and he came to this country with his father in 1827, locating in the City of Philadelphia. He received his education in the public schools, and ever since has been closely identified with the growth and interests of the city. At the age of sixteeu he left school and selected the machinery business by entering as an apprentice with the well known firm of Coleman Sellers & Co., the works of whom were located in Upper Darby, Delaware county. The firm did a large business in paper mill work and stationary engines, and were the pioneers in build- ing locomotives. Mr. Moore manifested great aptitude for his trade. Showing marked mechanical ability, he was given every oppor- tunity to gain a thorough knowledge in the machine business. On August 7, 1S39, he found the iron industries of the couutry com- pletely prostrated, owing to the low tariff of 1833 then iu force. Shortly thereafter he was given the position as master mechanic of the new railroad opening up from Chambersburg to Hagerstowu. A better pecuniary position was offered to him by the proprietors of the Bush Hill Oil Cloth Factory in Philadelphia, operated by Isaac Macaulcv, which he accepted, and remained until 1843 in charge of the works. Mr. Moore was not satisfied with the business and ac- cepted a position with I. P. Morris & Co., one of the leading con- cerns at that time in the City of Philadelphia, and in a lew months later was placed in full charge of the machine shops, where he re- mained until the spring of 1 846 .when the nucleus of the present Bush Hill Iron Works was formed. Four gentlemen, each having charge of four different departments, entered into partnership and operated under the title of Neall, Matthews & Moor tion on which the present works stand was formerly occupied by Oliver Evans, Rush cc Mulenberg, who had been doing quite an extensive business in engines and millwrighting. The firm al took quite a prominent position in the engine and rolling mill trade, which steadily increased. In 1850 Mr. Moore visited Cuba, and laid the foundation of a business in sugar machinery which grew to largo proportions, and further progress in the business was stopped in consequence of the civil war in that country. The part- ners one by one withdrew, and the works finally passeel into the control and ownership of Mr. Moore in 1870. He had very exten- sive dealings with nearly all the large iron and steel workers in the United States, particularly the steel rail mills, and most of them are largely indebted to his skill and knowledge of the business for the plants they have up to the present day. Mr. Moore was married in 1852, and has two living daughters and one son, the latter taking quite an extensive interest in the business. The large tract of land on which the buildings are erected is the property of Mr. Moore, as the result of years of industry and close ap- plication to business. The house is noted throughout our leading commercial and finan- cial circles for its honorable methods of doing business and sterling integrity, and stands as a tower of strength and one of the best representative con- cerns of its kind in the City of Philadelphia. Mr. Moore is a member of the Manufacturers' Club and is one of our public spirited and influential citi- zens. James Moore PENN LUMBER COMPANY The business was origin- ally established by J. P.. Givin & Sons, in 1877, and continued under their management until March I, 1SS7, when the Penn Lumber Company was organ- ized and the business of the Messrs. Givin was merged into the company. The company was chartered under the laws of Pennsylvania, with a capi- tal of $ 200,000. They own and operate eleven saw-mills and two shingle-mills, besides S.ooo acres of timber land. The out- put of the mills is estimated at 80,000,000 feet of white pine, hemlock and hard wood lumber, and their trade is largely con- fined to the Middle and Eastern States, but very large shipments .of hard wood are made to points in the interior, as far west as Chicago. The present officers of the company are : Andrew Kane, Presi- dent ; J. K. P. Hall, Secretary and Treasurer; John B. Givin, Man- ager. They are all men of recognized ability among the trade, their experience covering a long period of years, and the success the company has attained is due largely to their untiring efforts iu promoting its interests. To the excellence of the work turned out is also due a part of their prosperity, as the trade in general place their orders with implicit confidence, knowing full well they will receive their goods promptly and entirely as represented. The principal office of the- company is located in rooms 712, 71 ;, 71 5 and 716 Girard Building, at Broad and Chestnut streets, but they have in a Idition a branch office at Pittsburgh, and while the latter is necessary to carry on the extensive business, yet all the actual business is transacted through the Philadelphia office. The several mills of the company are among the largest in the State, and arc equipped with the very best and latest machinery the markets offer. They arc all under careful, capable heads, and manned by large forces of skilled mechanics. 143 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. EDWIN H. FITLER & CO. One of the oldest, most prominent and reliable firms in the City of Philadelphia, especially engaged in the manufacture of rope, cables and binder twine is that of Edwin H. Fitler & Co., 23 North Water street. Their factory is located at Bridesburg, in the City of Philadelphia, on the New York. Division of the Penn- sylvania Railroad. The factory and buildings cover about twenty acres, and 600 hands are employed. The company have sidings which connect with railroad tracks, so that they have every facility for shipping direct to any part of the United States; no hauling is necessary under any circumstances, which gives them greater facil- ity and advantages in supplying their numerous patrons. It is indeed quite a curiosity to know the original start of this concern, which dates back to September 13, 1817, and in those days everything in the manufacture of rope, etc., was done by hand, no machinery being used at all, and fifty tons of rope manufactured in a year was considered a marvel of industry. Here is a copy of the bill of sale, the origin and start of this immense concern, which will be read with more than ordinary interest, as the won- derful development of to-day as compared with the limited facilities of that date. BILL OF SALE. This doth ccrteffy that I, Win. W. Blackburn of Phila- delphia, doth bargain, sell and release to Michael Weaver, rope-maker of the Northern Liberties, to his heirs, admin- istrators or assigns forever, all my stock in trade, such as flax, tow, twines, fishing lines, with different sorts of white cordage, also all the fixtures, such as counter, shelves, scales and weights, tools, etc., and all therein contained. In store No. 20 North Water street, Phila- delphia, belonging to Stephen Girard, Esc[., for the sum of three hundred and fifty dollars lawful money of Pennsylvania. Wm. W. Blackburn. Philadelphia, Sept. 13, 1817. ,,., ( Chas. Clement, " "'"" (John Sailer. From fifty tons per annum in olden times to 10,000 tons is the increase in the material sold by this firm last year. They ship goods all over the United States and Territories anil even extend as far as Russia and other foreign countries. The firm of Edwin H. Fitler & Co., so long established, now consists of Edwin H. Fitler, Edwin H. Fitler, Jr., and William W. Fitler. As manufacturers of cordage, etc., they are known all over the world, and the magnitude of the business can be better imagined than described when we state that the capital invested in the enter- prise is not less than two anel a half millions of dollars. The}- man- ufacture ropes of all kinds and descriptions, manilla cordage, sisal rope, Russian hemp, American and New Zealand ; the latter a new fibre becoming a very important factor in the trade. They are also sole agents for Rhode Island Tool Company Ship Hardware, the John A. Roebling's Sons & Co. Wire Rope and sole agents likewise for the Penfield Block Co. All the members of this establishment arc natives of the City of Philadelphia. The growth and prosperity of this firm are only com- mensurate with the energy, ability and enterprise of its proprietors, who sedulously maintain the character of their productions, thereby meeting the exacting demands of the trade. From the inception Edwin H. Fitler the business has been under the able management of thorough prac- tical men of capacity and integrity, and has acquired a world wide reputation, superior to which no other house in the trade can boast. The senior member of the firm, whose portrait appears, Hon. E. H. Fitler, was in 1S86 proposed and nominated by the citizens of Philadelphia, on the Republican ticket for Chief Magistrate of this City, and he was elected by over 30,000 majority, the largest given to any Mayor of this City. He served four years, occupying the mayoralty chair with great distinction and to the entire satis- faction of the community, and at the expiration of his term of office it was freely expressed and admitted that he was one of the best Mayors Philadelphia ever had. The framing of a new charter for the City of Philadelphia and the ends and aims desired to be attained thereby, are matters of public history. The " Act to pro- vide for better government of cities of the first class in this Com- monwealth," was passed by the Legislature June I, 1885, and gave to the Mayor of the City responsibilities and duties greater than those resting upon the Chief Executive of any other muni- cipality in the Union. The position was one of grave re- sponsibility, and was further complicated by the fact that there was no precedent to fol- low, and the new incumbent would have to formulate and lay out a course of action to be followed by his successor. It was therefore evident that the Mayor of this City must not only be a man of business sagacity and executive ability, but have courage to stand by his own opinion and convic- tions against political and social pressure. In this respect Mr. Fitler was eminently suc- cessful, anel his high political principles and prominent so- cial and business standing aroused widespread enthusiasm all over the city. The esteem in which Mr. Fitler is held by his colleagues in the trade was evidenced by his election as President of the American Cordage Manufacturers' Asso- ciation. He is also a Director of the National Bank of the Northern Liberties and the North Pennsylvania Railroad Company ; President of the Union League, and, during his term as Mayor, ex-officio a Director of the Park Commission, the Board of City Trusts, the Public Buildings Commission, and the Edwin Forrest Home. As a business man Mr. Fitler is prompt and energetic, noted for his keen perceptions, his ready grasp and apprehension of the real points at issue, and the rapidity and correctness of his elecisions. His counsel anel opinion are continually sought by others, and cheer- fully given. He has always been at the front of all public charities and enterprises, and has never considered his personal interests or convenience at any time when national or local emestions were involved. Mr. Fitler's integrity and financial standing is of the highest order. With him, "his word is his bond." He holds a high social position, and is as charitable as he is unostentatious in his benefactions, and his gentlemanly deportment in private and business life has gained for him the highest respect of our leading citizens, in addition to the hearty endorsement of the best elements of all political parties, and he is one of the most active and suc- cessful business men in the City of Philadelphia, 144 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. JOHN T. BAILEY & CO. A greater quantity of twine and burlap bags are made by the Corn Exchange Bag, Rope and Twine Manufactory, John T. Bailey & Co., proprietors, than by any other firm in the United .States. The factories at Front and Tasker streets have all the improved machinery and appliances, and they give employment to 800 hands, and at their factory in Baltimore there are also a large number of employees. The Philadelphia factory being close to the river front, and on the line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, gives great facilities for the receipt of raw material, and for transporta- tion to any part of the world for the manufactured goods. Mr. John T. Bailey, the senior member of the present firm, began in 1S57 to manufacture bags in a small way in an establishment on Arch street above Front. He was the founder of the business and was born in Ireland in 1S30. He arrived in the United States in June 1851 and established the existing house as before stated in 1857. Mr. John T. Bailey is a prominent member of the Commercial Ex- change and has been its president. He was a member of the original Committee of One Hundred and for two years sat in Coun- cils. At the commencement of his business all cloth bags used for commercial purposes were sewed by hand, and the output was then about forty bags each, daily, twenty seamstresses beiug employed. Six months after the starting of the factory- Mr. James Cascaden was ad- mitted into partnership. The machinery for preparing the bags for the market at that day ■was so crude that instead of printing the labels on the bags they were done by hand with stencils. In 1S62, owing to the civil war, the high price of cotton made it necessary to secure some substitute for the manufacture of bags. The burlaps then made solely at the Dundee Mills, Scotland, were selected and this enabled them to compete successfully with the other cheap bags. The price of labor advancing, power machines of various qualities were introduced, and this change increased the business almost at once, improvements were introduced everv year. The sewing machine greatly augmented the output of the establishment and another long step in advance was taken when the antiquated stenciling was replaced by clear cut print- ing. The junior partner, Mr. Cascaden, died in 1S6S, and the $60,000 which he had invested in the firm was withdrawn in 1869. Mr. Christopher Bailey, a twine manufacturer of Dublin, Ireland, was invited by his brother Mr. John T. Bailey to associate himself with him in twine making in Phila- delphia. Mr. Christopher Bailey was an expert in this business and the new department entered upon a prosperous career from the start. It was not a very large building near the Delaware river at Otsego and Morris streets in which the manufacture of twine was begun. At this time much of the twine used in the United States was imported from England, but after the firm of John T. Bailey ci Co. introduced power machinery they shipped twine to all parts of the United States and to Canada. There was a large opposition at the beginning to machine made twine but at last the public became familiarized with its use. Many of the improvements in the machinery are the inventions of Mr. Christopher Bailey, and the best foreign machines have been imported. No twine is to-day imported to this country. John T. Bailey & Co. make more than any other four mills in the United States. Enormous quantities are sent to the grain binding machines in the far west. Every quality of twine is produced and thousands of pounds arc turned John out for tying cards, fin w 1, ] L all the other innumerable purposes for which twine is used. The raw hemp is of various kinds, the American or what is called the Ki hemp, Russian, Italian and India hemps, and the sisal grass of Mexico. In r88l, the mill at otscgo and Morris strei enlarged. In 18S2 it turned out 75,000 pounds a week, to-day the same mill produces over 100,000 pounds per week, the yearly value being $725,000. There are employed 300 persons and the work they accomplish could not have been done by 3,000 work people when twine making was done by hand. In 1861, the bag factory of the firm was removed, because of the necessity of more room, from Arch street above Front, to Front street above Arch. The increasing demand for greater accommodations required another removal to Water and Market streets and again in 1873 to 1 iS Chest- nut street. The adjoining building No. 120 was soon secured and in 1880, Nos. 232 and 234 Market street were added for the sewing department. All the hands in the sewing department are now transferred to the new mill at Otsego and Morris streets. The sales of the Philadelphia house in bags alone amount to $800,000 per year, while the volume of the entire business exceeds $2,000,000 per vear. The twine and rope of this house were awarded a medal and diploma for the highest merit at the Centennial Exhi- bition in 1876. Mr. Frank Cascaden, a half brother of the former partner, James Cascaden, en- tered the employ of the house when eighteen years of age, and since 1865 has been con- nected with the bag depart- ment. He came into the firm in 1870, his special duties being the sale of the phosphate and fertilizer bags and to the at- tention of the trade of the flour mills of St. Louis, Milwaukee and Minneapolis. Mr. William G. Bailey, son of John T. Bailcv, was ad- mitted into the firm in 1883. He completed his scholastic education under the tuition of his uncle Christopher Bailcv anil then made a thorough study of twine and bag man- ufacture, and so gained a knowledge that would enable him to manage the business of the entire firm or any one of its branches. There are, besides, two other sons, Albert B. and Walter A., each having charge of a separate department, are members of the firm and thoroughly acquainted with all the details of the business. Mr. Bailey congratulates himself upon nothing so much as the valuable assistance rendered him by his sons. Mr. Samuel C. Miller, the cashier and chief bookkeeper, was formerly with the Corn Exchange Bank and brought with him the highest recommendations, which have been fully justified throughout his connection with the house. At the branch house established in Baltimore in 1881, two hun- dred hands are employed in the bag factory the product going south. The head of this branch is John C. Maurice, and much of its success is acknowledged to be due to his energy. The sales here in iSSS were $600,000. The sales since that year have steadily increased. The sales departments of the firm are now located at the new building erected by the Girard Estate at 1238 Market street, where the products of the mills are displayed. These build- ings arc among the most impressive of the many magnificent structures in this city now noted for its massive specimens of archi- tecture. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. TRACY WORSTED MILLS COMPANY Among the more important industries of the city of Philadel- phia is the fine Tracy Worsted Mill, which with magnificent sub- stantiality and solidity, is situated on the banks of the Schuylkill, and covers one whole block, bounded by Spruce and Pine and Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth streets. The mills are models of all that is required to carrv on a great industry, and they form a show place for all those who admire and study a perfect industrial estab- lishment. The mills were established by Griswold Tracy & Co. in 1867, and they were the outgrowth of the original Yewdall Mills of Hestonville. Mr. Yewdall being the founder of the worsted indus- tries of the United States. The present mills were built in 1S70, and were at first operated by Tracy & Co., but as the business increased so rapidly, it was found necessary to form a stock com- pany. Accordingly in 1890 the firm was incorporated under the name of the Tracy Worsted Mills Co. J. V. McCollum is presi- dent, R. C. Binder secretary and general manager, and Charles P. Roberts treasurer. THOS. CARRICK & CO. Proprietors of the Philadelphia Steam Biscuit Bakery. During the past twenty-five years such a great amount of knowledge in relation to adulteration has been gained, that all per- sons should lie particularly careful to purchase nothing but goods from thoroughly reliable and honest dealers, or else the product is nearly sure to be adulterated, and many ingredients are deleterious to health. Perhaps no firm in its particular line enjoys a better rep- utation than Messrs. Thos. Carrick & Co. This house is the out- come of the firm of Carrick & Co., whose place of business was sit- uated on Market street. Mr. Carrick retired from the above mentioned firm in 1873, and the year following he entered into an equal partnership with Mr. Frank Burns; the firm continued thus until March, T891, when Mr. Carrick died and Mr. Burns became sole proprietor. The prem- ises are advantageously located on Twenty-second street above Arch. The building has a frontage of 40 feet, and extends back about 100 feet, it is a brick structure, three stories in height and arranged " The Tracy Worsted Mills DO Dating from 1S67 the Tracy's are the oldest and largest manu- facturers of worsted yarns in the country. Mr. Kinder has been connected with the mills since 1867, and before that time he was with Mr. Yewdall, where he succeeded in acquiring a thorough knowledge of all the branches of manufacturing connected with the industry. It is to the untiring efforts and perfect knowledge of this gentleman that the Tracy mills have beeu enabled to establish their reputation and their great trade. The exclusive product of the mills is worsted yarns for the manufacture of coatings, cloakings, and also for the hand knitting of fancy articles. The firm employs many hun- dred workmen and women, and the manufactures Bnd ready sales all over the country, but are largely consumed by local manufacturers. Adjoining the main building of the factory is a large warehouse for the storage of raw material and sorting, as can lie seen in the accom- panying illustration. The present personnel of the Company is John V. McCollum president, R. C. Binder secretary, and Charles P. Roberts treasurer, with a Board of Directors to control the man- agement. The Tracy Worsted Mills Company stands among the great manufactories of this city, both from their solid financial standing and the large output that is annually sent out. They are now at the flood tide of success, and are likely to continue to prosper as long as the present conservative and sound management continues. throughouMn the newest and most improved manner, every device that would tend to increase the value of the product being brought to bear upon the work in hand. The third floor is used as the packing room, and the tinning department for the repairing ami manufac- ture of cans. On the second floor are situated the ovens, the dry- ing kiln, the sponge room, and the mixing rooms; each one of these departments forms a separate branch of the work, and is presided over by an experienced foreman, thus securing the best work from all employees. The first floor is devoted to shipping purposes, and the offices are located here. Some idea of the capacity of the plant can be taken from the figures below. There are .more than 150 bar- rels baked weekly. There are more than 150 varieties of cakes made, including all kinds, from ship biscuit to the finest kinds of pound cake. There are more than 30,000 cans ill use. The trade of the house is principally local, but during the past five years a large patronage has been built up among the surround- ing counties and the near by States. Mr. Burns, the sole owner, has been in this line for many years past and is entirely conversant with the business. He was for many years a director of the Third National Bank, but resigned some three years ago. In addition to his business here, he is Vice-President and a director of the Crown Smelting Co. of Chester, and a director of the Centennial Market Co. 14b PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PLHI.ADPLPLIIANS. MANUFACTURERS. SAUQUOIT SILK COMPANY Thirtv years ago the manufacture of silk goods had barely be- gun to exist in the United States. Before that time nearly all silk goods used on this side of the ocean were imported, but latterly all descriptions of silk fabrics and specialties are produced here fully equal to the best imported. Standing at the head of the silk man- ufacturers of the United States is the Sauquoit Silk Manufacturing Company, of Philadelphia, whose office and salesrooms are at the corner of Randolph street and Columbia avenue. They have also mills in Scranton, Pa., Sauquoit, Oneida county, N. Y., and in the town of Union, N. J. The company was incorporated into a close corporation in 1S73, and in that year came to this city from Pater- son, N. J., where since 1845 it l las been operated with L. R. Stelle's Sons at its head. The officers of the company are : Lewis R. Stelle, president, and Richard Rossmassler, treasurer. In 1S75 the com- pany bought out the Williams Silk Manufactory, which was located at the old Franklin Building, 52 and 54 North Sixth street, and in 18N0 thev removed to their present quarters at Columbia avenue and Randolph street. They started there on a small scale broad silk wcavingin connection with throwing silk yarns, having bought in 1H79 the Scranton Silk Mills. From time to time they enlarged and improved their Philadelphia mill, as well as their Scranton mill, and have just added to the latter a wing 500 feet long and four stories high, this addition making it the largest silk mill in the country under one roof. Before the completion of this addition but 1200 hands were employed. This number has now been in- creased to 1800. The company has offices and stores in New York, Chicago and Boston. The output of the factories in silk yarns and broad silks is upwards of $2, 500, 000 worth of finished goods annu- ally. Particular care is taken in the selection of the raw silk, the material being invariably of the best obtainable, regardless of cost. The inspection before being sorted and manufactured into yarn is very strict and thorough. All ladies know the disastrous effects of weighting silk by the dyeing process. This is something always avoided iu the Sauquoit Mills. Their silks have no superior either in the markets at home or abroad. They are unsurpassed for qual- ity and finish. The silks are not of one quality one week and of another the next, but are of uniform excellence, never varying, so that their character and enduring qualities can be fully depended upon by purchasers at all times. Ladies, who of course wear the largest quantities of all silk goods manufactured, know very well the great dissatisfaction, dis- comfort, and inconvenience they have to tolerate, when, after hav- ing purchased a heavily weighted silk so stiff that the made up dress will "stand alone," at what they suppose a wonderfully cheap price, they find after a short wearing that it all goes away to noth- ing. It cracks and seams, and in a word, becomes utterly worth- less. It goes without saying, that this is the very worst kind of economy in dress. The Sauquoit Silk Manufacturing Company promptly fills orders at the lowest ruling market prices justified by quality, and fully guarantees all its goods exactly as represented. The Women's Silk Culture Association of America, while it has not accomplished all that it hoped, certainly has instructed the women of the United States as to the quality and character of silks, so that the average American woman of to-day is not so easily hoodwinked when making her purchases. Mr. Lewis R. Stelle, the president, and Mr. Richard Rossmass- ler, the treasurer of the Sauquoit Silk Manufacturing Company, are prominent members of the Silk Association of America. Be- fore Mr. Rossmassler became treasurer of the Sauquoit Company he was president of the Williams Silk Manufacturing Cob whose factory was united withthe Sauquoit Company in 1.S74, when he joined the latter. All the factories of the Company are equipped with the latest improved machinery and appliances, and every invention which promises anything at all, is experimented with ami promptly secured if decided it will be of value. Counting the factories in Philadel- phia, Sauquoit, Oneida county, New York, and Scranton, Pennsyl- vania, there are over one thousand eight hundred skilled operators employed, many of them coming from Europe. The Company takes almost a fatherly interest in the conifi.it and well being of its employees and uses every endeavor to .issist them in establishing happy homes. American women have only within recent years been satisfied that an American silk is equal to the imported. Before that the silk must have come from Lyons, or to have been said to come from that foreign city, or the American woman would scarcely deign to look at it. Quite often no doubt these women wore American silks but were loth to say so. Now they take pride in the fact that the silk they wear is American, and that it is equally as good as any they can obtain from abroad, and thev can now secure it right here at home with a great deal less trouble and expense than by sending across the ocean. Of course the convenience of being in direct and immediate communication with your silk merchants, counts for a very great deal and must do away with all mistakes and misunderstandings when goods are pur- chased from abroad through friends or by letter. Your friend who goes to Europe may be willing to oblige you, but he or she can not give the personal attention that you would to your own purchases. The American Silk Culture Association was officered by such prominent women that it undoubtedly had its beneficial effect upon the silk trade iu this country, and if ever a similar effort is made, it is certain there will be important results. If nothing else was gained there was a great deal of experience and a more thorough, because practical, knowledge than could have been otherwise secured. It had another effect too, by the drawing closer together the women of the various States in business correspondence which soon grew into pleasant acquaintanceship for the furtherance of American silk being worn by American women. From the date of the incorporation of this Company in 1872, under the laws of New York, it has always commanded a liberal and influential patronage in consequence of the unexcelled quality, fin- ish, and reliability of its goods. The capital at the date of inaugu- ration was large, but since has been greatly increased. The officers are well and favorably known in trade circles, and hold a high social position. Their enterprise, ability, and fair deal- ing have earned them a world-wide reputation, and the great suc- cess they have achieved is a credit alike to Philadelphia and other cities in which their interests are located, as well as to the fact that the domestic silks turned out by this house are fully equal in text- ure, finish and stability to those of any European manufacture. It must assuredly be a matter of pride to the people of Philadel- phia that this great establishment is located here in the city where so much encouragement has been and is still given to the advance of American silk culture. Among the many manufactories in this great manufacturing city, there is none in which our people can take greater pride than that of the Sauquoit Silk Company. It is a business which deals in the most refined class of goods and there- fore inculcates among its work people careful and refined habits, and that is an influence which must be of great benefit. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA NS. MANUFACTURERS. THE NIXON PAPER COMPANY To give the detailed history of the establishment of the great Flat Rock Paper Mills at Manayunk, now carried on by the Martin and W. H. Nixon Paper Company, would be to give the history of the United States, and the limited space of these pages would be entirely insufficient. The facts are. however, that the mills are two hundred years old, and they were one of the first industries that helped to establish the great industrial reputation of the home of William Penu . The Flat Rock Paper mill was founded by Wilhehn Rittenhouse in the year 1691. It was situated on a small rivulet running into the Wissahickon Creek, and now called Paper Mill Run. It is close to the southwestern line of Germantown township, and in the Twenty-second Ward of the City of Philadelphia. The first owners of this budding industry were Wilhelm Rittenhouse and his son Claus, or Nicholas. Only five men were employed, and then work was only done when the flow of water was sufficient to turn the mill wheel. Wilhelm Rittenhouse was also a Bishop of the Men- nouite Churches of German- town, of Traps in Montgomery county, of Lititz and one other township in Lancaster county. The Rittenhouses emigrat- ed from Holland, where their ancestors were engaged in pa- per making. They came to New York in 1674, and moved soon after to Philadelphia. William Nixon, who with George F. Feinour, founded the paper manufacturingestab- lishment of Feinour & Nixon, was a descendant of the origi- nal Rittenhouses. Nicholas Rittenhouse had a son named Martin, whose daughter Su- sanna married Daniel A. Nix- on, who was the father of Wil- liam and Martin Nixon, and W. H. Nixon was a son of Wil- liam Nixon. Martin Nixon came into the business in 1855, and was connected with it until his death in 1S8S. He was a thorough man of business, fully conversant with all the details of paper manufacturing, quick to adopt new methods and improve- ments, and it is largely owing to his foresight and energy that the present company has arrived at such prominence and achieved such marked success. The firm of Martin & W. H. Xixou was established in 1S79, and incorporated in 188S. Previous to that, however, in 1844, the little business started by the worthy Meunonite Bishop had grown to such proportions that a new and larger site was necessary. A tract of laud was taken between the canal and the Schuylkill river at Manayunk, in the Twenty-first Ward, and the first building was erected which now forms the great Flat Rock works, covering an area of nearh" three acres, and comprising fifteen distinct buildings, with marvellous machinery and appliances. The little business established by the Rittenhouses in 1691 has thus blossomed forth into a great and important industry, and it has for two centuries been conducted and developed by the old Bishop's family and descendants. These mills were the first to manufacture paper from straw, and the Nixons have always been the pioneers in any im- provement in the manufacture of paper, both in the machinery in- vented to save labor and the material used to manufacture the pro- duct. At one time the firm supplied a majority of the newspapers in Philadelphia, but of late years the manufacture of news papers has been abandoned, and book paper alone is the output of the mills. The personnel of the Martin & W. H. Nixon Paper Company- is as follows: President, William H. Nixon; Secretary and Treasurer, Samuel Bayle ; Directors, William H. Nixon, George F. Nixon and Edward P. Nixon. The industry gives employment and sustenance to one hundred and sixty-five men and eight\*-six women, and in the many buildings which cover the great area there are five large paper machines, twenty-two pulp engines, twelve steam boilers and six steam engines, which are driven by fifteen hundred horse-power. The machinery has a capacity of turning out twenty tons of paper per day, and the paper is manufactured from wood pulp, which is made on the premises, and rags ; only the best quality of book paper is sent out of the mills, and the whole output is con- signed to three dealers. In 1S66 the growth of the business again necessitated a search for more room, and the Vine street mill was establish- ed at Vine street wharf on the Schuylkill river. This factory is devoted exclusively to the manufacture of manilla paper for making bags, and the ma- chinery has the power of pro- ducing five tons of manilla pa- per per day. There is also a bag factory on the premises which gives employment to a large number of women and girls. Thus, from the modest little mill of two centuries ago, which could only be worked when the water allowed the wheel to move, and which merely occupied the spare time of the Right Reverend Bishop, has sprung a large and important industry which gives food and clothing to many hundreds of working men and women, which has accumulated a snug fortune for the hard working and deserving proprietors, and which can be pointed to with pride as one of those institutions which were the inception and foundation of Philadel- phia as a great commercial centre, and which have done so much to make the Quaker City the first in the Union, both for its antiquity and its industrial institutions. All honor is due to the energy and push exhibited by the Nixon family, which has proved so worthy of descent from the fine old persevering Dutch stock of Bishop Rittenhouse, w-hose name will be revered so long as Philadelphia is a city and a power in the country. rtin Nixon PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. JARDIN BRICK COMPANY For many years Philadelphia has been famed the world over for the superior quality and general excellence of the brick manu- factured within her borders, and largely to the immense aggregate of pressed bricks made in this city is due her supremacy as the great industrial metropolis of America. There is probably no part of the world in which pressed brick are used for building purposes to which the fame of this product of her manufactories has not spread, and as the years come and go the demand for "Philadelphia pressed brick" is steadily and largely increased. Of those concerns en- gaged in this field of industrial enterprise there are few that rival and none that surpass the Jardin Brick Company of Philadelphia, either as regards the general excellence and finish or the aggregate of output. This company is the outgrowth of the business established by Jacob Jardin in 1S37, ami the history of the enterprise is that of the city in all that has made her great during the last half century. Keeping abreast of the times in all the improvements made in the art of brick manufacture, and in the devices and appli- ances for improving the quality of the product, Mr. Jardin rapidly increased his facilities with the demand for his bricks, until he had built up a trade of vast proportions, and made a reputation for the products of his works as wide-spread as the boundaries of the world . In 1SS6 the firm of L,. E. Jardin & Co. was organized, and three years later the business had attained such proportions as to require additional capital and resources to meet the demands, and the Jardin Brick Company was organized and incorporated for this purpose in August, 1SS9, with a paid up capital stock of $1, 000, 000, with financial backing and credit practically unlimited. The works were largely increased and extended, and as now equipped the plant is probably the most complete if not the largest in the United States, the works having a capacity of 50,000,000 bricks per annum, with an actual output of 35,000,000. The wonderful growth of this industry may be learned from the fact that the product of the es- tablishment when it was owned and operated by Jacob Jardin aggre- gated from 5,000,000 to 7,000,000, and under the style of U. E. Jar- din & Co. this amount was increased to 12,000,000, showing an in- crease in two years, since the organization of the company, of over 400 per cent. This wonderful growth is the result of the great bus- iness ability, tact and energy brought to the management of affairs, which from the incorporation of the company has been in the hands of men eminently qualified by experience for the important work, masters of finance and experts in this line of industry. To the plant of this company is constantly added every improvement in brick making machinery of value, and by reason of the enter- prise and push of the officers, the purpose of the management to maintain the high standard of excellence their brick had attained, they have gone far beyond their aim and have greatly improved both quality and finish of their product, and as a logical sequence have immensely increased and extended the field of their opera- tions. The company manufactures pressed bricks of all shapes and designs, as of all shades as well in mottled work and buff, and all kinds of work are done to order from designs or from patterns fur- nished, and the facilities of the company for shipping everything in their line required by the builder's art at short notice, and of the most satisfactory workmanship, arc unsurpassed if equalled by any competing house in the city. The brick are made of the best tempered clay, of which the company own an inexhaustible supply. It is located in the south- ern part of the city and is unequalled in fineness and every other regard for brick making purposes in the country. Mr. Henrv C. Webster is the president of this great and successful company. He is a practical expert of many years' experience in the manu- facture of brick, and has worked at and mastered every detail of the business at every stage of the work. He is a connois- seur of clays, and gives personal, uninterrupted attention to the practical work of the company. He is considered among builders in Philadelphia one of the best practical brick makers in the coun- try. He began at the first step in a brick yard, and has forged his way to the very front rank of brick men in the city by his per- sistent effort, energy and grit, and the position he now occupies gives him a commanding place among the master brick makers at home and abroad. Mr. William L. Elkins, the vice-president of the company, is one of Philadelphia's largest capitalists and most successful finan- ciers. He is well remembered as a pioneer in the oil refining in- dustry in this city and controlled the business here for years. His enterprise, coupled with that of two other public spirited citi- zens, gave to Philadelphia her admirable car service, and a large and beautiful section of the southwestern and central portion of the city was built up and improved by Mr. Elkins and Mr. Widener. He is president and director in numerous railroad and street car companies and banking institutions here and elsewhere, and is rec- ognized universally as one of the men who in making himself great has added to the attractiveness and business growth of this city. Mr. C. E. Yerkes is the efficient secretary and treasurer of the company. He was formerly engaged in business here as a stock broker, as a member of the well known firm of C. T. Yerkes, Jr., & Co., and still retains his seat on the board. He has held his present position in the company since its or- ganization, and has managed the financial concerns of the com- pany with rare tact and skill, and by his ability and liberal busi- ness methods has largely added to the trade and reputation of the concern. He is a son of Mr. C. T. Yerkes, of Chicago. Messrs. W. L. Elkins and P. A. B. Widener are the largest stockholders in the company. As supplying a large proportion of the material used in the many important building operations in this city, this company iias been closely identified with the improvements which from year to year have added to the attractiveness of Philadelphia, and as a large producer and shipper the corporation has played an important part in placing this city- to the very front as the great manufacturing cen- tre of the Union, thereby making those who organized and man- aged the concern public benefactors in the modest signification of the term. The standing of those concerned in the enterprise has built this structure upon an enduring foundation, and great as has been the work it has accomplished, it bids fair to still further in- crease and extend the volume and field of its usefulness. 149 ISO PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. BEMENT, MILES & CO. The establishment of Bement, Miles & Co., which covers a large area of valuable ground in the city of Phila- delphia, consists of two properties, the larger located on Callowhill street between Twentieth and Twenty-first streets, and bounded on the north \>y the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, and the smaller situated at the corner of Twenty- fourth and Wood streets, running 240 feet east by 170 feet north. The space is compactly covered by buildings two and three stories in height, which afford occupation in busy times to not less than one thousand men. As early as 1848 a small three-story stone building, more or less surrounded with dwellings, stood near the centre of the Callowhill street property, and was then more than suffi- cient for the small business of the firm of Marshall & Teal, William B. Bernent & Son. In 1S74 Mr. John M. Shriglev was made a partner, and in 1S79 Mr. William P. Bernent was also admitted, the firm still remaining William B. Bernent & Son. About the beginning of 1885 Mr. Shriglej during that year a consolidation of the works of William B. Bement & Son, and the machine tool works owned !.■ James Dougherty and Mr. Frederick B. Miles was effected. Mr. Dougherty's interest was purchased, and the new firm conducted business under the title of Messrs. Bement, Miles & Co. In 1887 the original founder, Mr. William B. Bement, retired from active business and his son, Frank Bement, entered the firm. Since that time no change has been made, and the firm as it stands to-daj- consists of Clarence S. Bement, Frederick B. Miles, William P. Bement, and Frank Bement. The manufacture of machine tools at this establishment which commenced so humbly in 1 S5 r , increased so rapidly who owned the business. In 1S51 Mr. E. D. Marshall invited William Barnes Bement to join him, with a view of introdu- cing the manufacture of machine tools. Mr. Bement was then employed in the Lowell Machine Shop, at Lowell, Mass., principally in designing machine tools. He accepted the invi- tation of Mr. Marshall, with the understanding that he should bring with him his nephew, Mr. G. A. Colby, and a co- partnership under the firm name of Marshall, Bement & Colby was the result. After three years of experience, it was decided that the machine shop should be supplemented by a foundry, and Mr. James Dougherty, whose experience in this line was very valuable, and who in after \'ears added much to the standing of the concern, was admitted into the firm, its name being then Bement. Colby & Dougherty. Subsequently Mr. Colby retired, and Mr. George C. Thomas was admitted, the name being changed to Bement, Dougherty & Thomas. In a few years Mr. Thomas' interest was pur- chased by the remaining partners, and the firm name of Bement & Dougherty continued until 1870, when Mr. Dougherty re- retired, and Mr. Clarence S. Bement, son of the senior partner, was admitted. The firm name then became Messrs. that, some years before the Civil War, the establishment had attained a national reputation, as the determination of the firm from the start was to produce the best designs and work- manship with a view of supplying the wants of those custo- mers only who required machines of the most perfect con- struction. As time went on, new and improved patterns were added to the list, and now the standard machines con- structed by the firm number not less than three hundred. About two years ago the demand for larger tools than could be properly produced in the old establishment led to an ex- tensive addition, which was to be filled with heavy machinery, and supplied with large traveling cranes for erecting. This extension has added so largely to the capacity of the estab- lishment that if the various machine shops proper could be assembled into one, they would constitute a room 100 feet wide by about 1250 feet long. At the present time the larger works are engaged in building miscellaneous tools for locomotive and railroad shops, forges and ship building establishments, while the Twenty-fourth street shop is mainly occupied with steam hammers, hydraulic machinery, and boiler makers' tools. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. ISAAC A. SHEPPARD & CO. The Excelsior Stove and Hollow-ware Foundry was established under the firm name of Isaac A. Sheppard & Co. The co-partner- ship was entered into by Isaac A. Sheppard, Jonathan A. Biddle, James C. Harn, William B. Walton and John Sheeler. Subsequently Thomas Walbrook and Daniel Weaver were admitted into the firm. The business commenced in 1859 at Seventh street and Girard avenue. In 1866 the same firm established the Excelsior Stove and Hollow-ware Foundrv in Baltimore, Maryland. This establishment and the present house in Philadelphia give employment to from five to six hundred hands, and the product is to the value of from $600,000 to $700,000 annually. The capital employed in the firm was ob- tained by the contributions of its different members, the partners relying on their intelligence and labor to supply the place of capital in the rivalry they had commenced with the wealthier and long- established houses* who, in order to drive them out of the market, sold their own goods below cost. They won the confidence of the public, and 1861 at the outbreak of the war found them in the most prosperous condition. The firm felt satisfied that the change in the domestic rela- tions of the slaves would large- ly increase the demand for cooking stoves South, and by the creation of their Baltimore foundrv they put their faith to the test. The Baltimore plant turned out from fifteen to tweutv tons of castings per day. The Philadelphia foun- drv entirely outgrew its capa- city, and in 187 1 the firm pur- chased of the Frankford and Southwark Passenger Railway Company their present site. It includes more than two and a half acres and occupies the entire square 500 feet by 235 feet included between Third and fourth streets and Berks street and Montgomery avenue. The buildings have several times been enlarged until they now cover an aggreate area of 76,000 feet. This establish- ment produces from thirty to forty tons of castings per diem, and with that in Baltimore turns 0111 about 18,000 tons per annum, in which are included 45,000 to 50,000 stoves, heaters, ranges, hoi low-ware, plumber's goods, and miscellaneous cast- ings. There are 127 varieties of cooking stoves and ranges, no varieties of heaters and heating apparatus. The motive power is obtained from an im- proved engine, and the transmission is over a steel wire rope five- eighths of an inch thick running over a sheave eight feet in diameter at the rate of two-fifths of a mile per minute, the power being conveyed to a great distance with much less loss from friction than by ordinary belting. Though largely used in Switzerland, where it originated, this is the first extended application of the contrivance in this section of the United States. All the business of the firm is under the immediate supervision of the members, who are themselves skilled mechanics with practical experience in all the departments of their business. They take merited pride in the fact that their early struggles, their signal triumph over all difficulties, have landed them in the proud place they hold in the estimation of the public to-day. To these facts and their strict in- tegritv and punctuality can be attributed much of the success which has marked their business operations. The improvements in the manufacture of stoves within a few- years, specially by such firms as that of Isaac A. Sheppard & Co. , have been so remarkable as to be almost incredible to the casual looker-on. Many of the stoves manufactured by this firm are of an ornamental character, used in parlors and sitting-rooms of the occupants of small houses. This stove serves not only to heat the apartment, but to set it off and make it attractive. The stove certainly gives to the room a more home-like appearance than the furnace. Isaac A. Sheppard Isaac A. Sheppard, the senior member of the house, was born in Cumberland County, New Jersey, July 11, 1827. His ancestors were among the first settlers in that county. His only schooling was at a country school-house, which held, or "kept," as they say in the country, but three months a year. His schooling of this sort ceased when he was eleven years of age, when he was compelled to earn his own living and began his experience in the great school of life. He came to Philadelphia in 1S40, and for three years worked at odd jobs whenever he had an opportunity, meanwhile looking about him to learn some mechanical trade. Finally he obtained an opening and in July, 1S43, entered a brass and iron foundry. He soon became a skillful moulder and won the confi- dence and appreciation of his employers. He kept closely to work for six years, saving up his money with the intention to com- mence business on his own account. When the stove foundry had been established for a number of years Mr. Sheppard became one of its originators and a Director in the National Security Bank of Philadelphia ; later he was elected its President, which position he still holds. He is a Director in the Northern Safe Deposit and Trust Company of Philadel- phia. He is prominent in re- ligious circles, is an active member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and Super- intendent of the Sunday School of the church to which he be- longs. He was a delegate to the Diocesan Convention and took part in the election of three bishops of the church in Pennsylvania. He is also prom- inent in several fraternal or- ganizations- He was elected Grand Master of the Independ- ent Order of Odd Fellows of Pennsylvania in 1874. In 1877 he was elected to represent the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania in the Sovereign Grand Lodge of the Order. He is President of one the societies of organ- ized charity and is connected with numerous other benevo- lent organizations. He served three terms as a member of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania, and that part of his service in Harrisburg in which he has the greatest pride is that he was one of the origi- nators and had charge of the bill which became the law- regulating Building Associa- tions. It is to this bill that is due that so many thousands of the workingmen of Philadel- phia own their own homes. He was the Chairman of the Com- mittee of Ways and Means in 1S61, and he had charge of the legislation to sustain the National Government during the Rebellion. Under his leadership during the same year were passed the bills to "strengthen the public credit." Mr. Sheppard during the sickness and absence of the Speaker of the House was elected Speaker pro tern., and for more than one-third of that memorable session (1S61) discharged the duties of the Chair to the satisfaction of the members and with credit to himself. In 1S67 he was elected by the Councils of Philadelphia as Trus- tee of the Northern Liberties Gas Company and he still retains this position. He was appointed a member of the Board of Public Education of Philadelphia by the Court of Common Pleas in 1879. He has always taken an active part in all the works of the Board, and has been especially prominent as Chairman of the Committee on Night Schools. Itis largely due to Mr. Sheppard's efforts and to the proficiencv to which he aided in bringing these schools that City Councils doubled the appropriation for their maintenance. He was one of the committee charged with the establishment of the Public School of Industrial Art, and also one of the committee to whom was committed the plan and organization of the Public Manual Training School. In January, 1SS9, he was elected Presi- dent of the Board of Education and was re-elected in 1S90, '91. This highly honorable position Mr. Sheppard still holds. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADF.LPIIIANS. MANUFACTURERS. COFRODE & SAYLOR INCORPORATED This reliable establishment, renowned throughout the United States and elsewhere for its stability and progression, was founded by Joseph H. Cofrode, Francis H. Saylor andjno. H. Schaeffer, all of Philadelphia, in the year 1S69, under the firm name of Joseph H. Cofrode & Co. Dissolution of above partnership was made in 1876, and the business carried on by their successors, styled Cofrode ,S: Savior, comprised of Jos. H. Cofrode and Francis H. Saylor. The business of the firm became widely extended — beginning with the construction of wooden bridges, in 1S69, it developed until it embraced the construction of piers, docks, warehouses, and all classes of iron structures. The first bridge erected by the firm was the structure crossing the Susquehanna River at Celin Grove, Penna. Among the important contracts executed by this Company were the highway bridge crossing the James River at Richmond, Va., the bridges crossing the Neshaminy Creek and Delaware River on the line of the Bound Brook Division of the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad Co., the bridge crossing the Ohio River at Beaver, Pa., on the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad, the bridge over the Monongahela River near Pittsburgh, Pa., on the Pittsburgh, Mc- Keesport & Voughiogheny Railroad ; nearly all of the bridges on the line of the Texas & Pacific Railway and its branches ; the grain elevators at Girard Point and Port Richmond, Philadelphia, Pa.; also the docks and warehouses at Harsimus Cove, Jersey City, X. J. In 1S89 the firm was incorporated under the title of Cofrode & Saylor Incorporated, and all of its contracts and business turned over to the Company. The officers of the Company are as follows : President, Francis H. Saylor; Vice-President, Joseph H. Cof- rode; Secretarv and Treasurer, P. R. Foley; Auditor, Geo. M. Evans ; Directors — Francis H. Savior, Joseph H. Cofrode, Henry R. Leonard. Many extensive contracts have been taken by the corporation, among which are : The railroad bridge crossing the Susquehanna River at Harris- burg, Pa., on the line of the Philadelphia, Harrisburg & Pitts- burgh Railroad (Philadelphia & Reading Railroad) consisting of twenty-three spans of truss bridges, each 175 feet in length. The "Central Stores" building; owned by the Terminal Warehouse Co., and occupies an entire block, located at Twenty -seventh and Twenty-eighth streets and Eleventh and Thirteenth avenues, Xew York City. THE READING ROLLING MILL COMPANY The Reading Rolling Mill Company whose works are located in the northern part of the City of Reading, were established in 1S89, by Joseph H. Cofrode and Francis H. Saylor. To-day they constitute the largest firm engaged in the manufacture and erection of bridges in the State. Their reputation extends throughout the country and the supe- rior quality of their works has acknowledgment everywhere. The works are under the immediate control of its officers who are all practically conversant with every detail of the business. Francis H. Saylor is the President, Joseph H. Cofrode Vice- President, P. R. Foley Secretary and Treasurer, George M. Evans Auditor. These men are not only of experience but full of enter- prise and have the best business capacity. It has been their aim to have the mill under their immediate control, which would lie especially adapted for rolling of high grade steel or iron required in their particular works and where the best quality and prompt delivery could be depended upon. They therefore secured a prop- erty of forty acres in the City of Reading upon which buildings have been erected in every way adapted to their purposes and equipped with the most improved machinery. There are now nearly Soo employed in the works; there have been constant changes and improvements so that at this date the company looks back almost with astonishment at the processes it used on March 12, 1890, when it succeeded in making a finished bar of iron. All the modern machinery, appliances and labor saving devices are so sys- tematically arranged that unusual facilities are afforded for hand- ling heavy products from one department to the other through the mill, and for weighing, inspecting and marking the finished articles and loading them on cars for shipment. Every completed piece of work is as perfect as skilled labor and improved mechanical con- trivance can make it. When the Reading Rolling Mill first took possession of its present property it was used as a Rail Mill for the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad Company ; while the machinery was in perfect condition, it was totally unfitted for the manufacture of structural shapes which are made a specialty by the Reading Rolling Mill Company. Great and expensive changes were at once necessary. The single puddling furnaces were changed to doubles, draught was put in instead of blast and a new puddling mill was added, increasing the total capacity of the puddling department from 24 to 75 gross tons per day. The daily output of the works is upward of 100 tons of fin- ished material so that the company is in a position to furnish promptly shapes of almost any size in either steel or iron suitable for bridges as structural work and of a quality unexcelled. There are distinct buildings for the machine and blacksmith shops 90 by 60 in dimensions. Work goes on in all departments day and night. Iu the main building there are revolving saws for cutting, etc. The company makes shipments of structural shapes for iron buildings and bridges in different parts of the country. They fur- nished the iron for the terminal of the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad at Harrisburg, the iron work for the Court House and Post Office at Chattanooga, Tenn., and for various other large structures. Without the aid of the great machinery employed by this company, its work would be wholl}- impossible and whenever a new device for the manufacture of iron is invented the firm are quick to adopt it if at all feasible to their plant. Iu the various operations of the mill 150 tons of hard and soft coal are consumed per day. Its full capacity is about 1200 tons of finished iron per week and if a great railroad bridge was wanted in a hurry the company would take the order and fill it within so few days that the time would be almost incredible. In the matter of sizes and styles the mill turns out structural iron angles and beams both of iron and steel, 15-inch beams up to 275 pounds per yard, 5-inch channels up to 225 pounds per yard, all sizes of round and square bars and all sizes of angles in length up to 125 feet. The company not only shape the iron but they make the tools that make it. The Directors of the Company are Joseph H. Cofrode, Francis H. Saylor, and Win. X T elsou West. The selling of all finished materials has been placed in the hands of Messrs. J. F. Bailey & Sons of this city. Capt. Bailey, the senior member of the firm has been identified with the iron business for the past twenty-five years — and is well known to every prominent user of iron iu the country. Having had in earlier years a long and practical experience in the working of iron and the treatment required to attain certain results, which was supple- mented later by an intimate knowledge of the uses. He is recog- nized as an important factor of the trade and consulted for advice, when knotty questions relative to iron or steel manufacturing arise. These qualities will be readily appreciated by buyers of iron, so much depending on the receipt of material suitable to their branch of the business. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. PENNSYLVANIA STEEL COMPANY The Pennsylvania Steel Company, Steelton, Pa., and Sparrow's Point, Md., was the first company organized in this country for the manufacture of steel by tlie pneumatic process. On Mav 5, 1867, the first blow was made in the works at Steelton, Pa. The ingots were sent to Johnstown, rolled in the iron rail mills of the Cambria Iron Company, and the rails delivered to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. Before this date, one or two iron works had experi- mented with the new process and some metal had been produced, but these were the first steel rails ever manufactured in this coun- try, on an order in regular course of business. A rail mill was finished in May, 1868, and rolled rails directly from 7-inch ingots. In 1869 a 15-ton hammer was built which at the time was the largest in the country. All ingots were then made 1885 : Universal Mill. 1886: No. 2 Blooming Mill, two high. 1888 : Billet Mill. No. 2 Open Hearth, one 5-ton rotary furnace. 1890 : Steel Foundry. Bridge and Construction Department. No. 3 Open Hearth, two 15-ton basic tilting furnaces. In addition to the above, a forge department of three hammers, a foundry, machine shop, boiler shop and other auxiliary repair shops have been gradually supplied. The works now have a capac- ity of about 30,000 tons of steel ingots per month, which is rolled into rails (heavy, light and street), Open Hearth and Bessemer slabs and ingots for plates of all kinds, miscellaneous merchant steel, special steel billets and forgings. The Bridge and General Construction Department is ready to enter actively into business, while the production of the Frog, Switch and Signal Department stands second to none in the country. Pennsylvania s>tell oom twelve inches square and hammered into blooms for the rail mill. Since that time the works have progressed in equipment, capacity and specialization by the improvement of the old plant and the building of the following new departments : 1872 : Frog Shop. 1873 : No. 1 Blast Furnace, 16x65 feet. No. 2 Blast Furnace, 20x80 feet, and an Open Hearth Depart- ment of two 5-ton furnaces, which have since been demol- ished. No. 1 Blooming Mill, three high. No. 2 Bessemer, three 7 ton converters. New Frog, Switch and Signal Department. Merchant Mill with 20" and 13" trains. During this year a school-house costing about 170,000 was built by the Company and presented to the borough of Steelton. 1883 : The No. 1 Bessemer was run for six months with basic lin- ings, this being the first regular basic Bessemer practice ever carried on in this country. 1S84 : No. 1 Open Hearth, two 25-ton furnaces. Nos. 3 & No. 4 Blast Furnaces, 18x70 feet. 1S75 : 1876: 1881 : 1882: In 1S83 the Company, in partnership with the Bethlehem Iron Company, purchased extensive ore lands in southeastern Cuba. About 30,000 tons of ore per mouth are imported from this source. To bring the manufacture into more direct connection with the raw material, the Company is building a new and extensive works on tide water, at Sparrow's Point, near Baltimore, Md. Four blast furnaces, 85x22 feet, are already built, two of themhavingbeen put in operation in 1889. A ship yard is already engaged in building ves- sels, and a Bessemer plant and rail mill will start in the summer of 1891. The works at Steeltou cover an area of 180 acres and employ about 4,200 men, the monthly pay roll amounting to $175,000. The lands of the Company at Sparrow's Point cover about 1,000 acres. The number of workmen at present is 1,400, and the monthly pay roll 165,000. Philadelphia office, 208 South Fourth street. Officers : — Luther S. Bent, president ; Eben F. Barker, vice-president ; Edmund N. Smith, secretary and treasurer; F. W. Wood, general manager ; E. C. Felton, superintendent. 154 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHLLADKLPHL I. VS. MANUFACTURERS. ALAN WOOD COMPANY A typical Philadelphia manufacturing concern, is the Alan Wood Company, proprietors of the Schuylkill Iron Works. The business was established in 1S26, and incorporated under its present style in 1886, with Howard Wood, as president, and J. R. Jones, as secretary and treasurer. From the modest beginning of over half a century ago, the business has expanded to such pro- portions that this company are now among the largest producers in their line in the country. Originally the product of the house was 300 tons per annum, and increased to 15,000 tons, and on com- pletion of extension to present mills, will have a capacity of 20,000 tons per year of sheet iron, and steel. The imitation Russia iron, now known as patent planished iron, was first manufactured by this company, and are now the sole and exclusive manufacturers of this sheet iron, which has become in general demand. The mills of the company are located on the Schuylkill river, at Consho- hocken, twelve miles from the city of Philadelphia. The products embrace, sheet iron, and sheet steel, black and galvanized patent planished sheet iron and common and charcoal bloom sheets, and plate iron and steel. The works are among the largest of their kind in the country, covering an area of several acres. The buildings, including sheet aud plate mills, galvanizing works, etc. These are equipped with all the latest improved machinery known to modern science and apparatus necessary for the systematic con- duct of the business, and employment is given to about 600 skilled workmen. The machinery which has gained an enviable re- putation for the model establishment is peculiarly adapted for the purpose for which it is employed. The black and galvanized sheet iron, charcoal and common sheet and plate iron, also the best quality of steel sheets and plates manufactured by this well-known compauy , are unsurpassed by the finest productions of domestic and foreign manufacturers. The company makes a specialty of corrugated sheet iron, both black and galvanized, used for roofings and sidings, which is in use all over the States, aud in many instances for the complete erection of storage warehouses, rolling mills, foundries, elevators and other buildings in which fire- proof construction is most essential. The Company have long made a specialty of gas-holder, pan and elbow, shovel, tack, water pipe, smoke stack, last, stamping, locomotive headlight and Jack iron, aud the largest consumers of these materials in the country are numbered among the permanent customers. The growth and prosperity of this reliable concern are only commensurate with the energy, ability and enterprise of its propri- etors, who are sedulously engaged in maintaining the character of their productions and thereby meeting the most exacting demands of the trade. From the inception of the business it has been under a management which has identified the concern with the introduc- tion of a new and valuable process of manufacture, notably the "patent planishing process," through which has resulted the prod- uct sold as "Patent Planishing Sheet Iron," and conceded to be superior to the best imported Russia Iron. The principal railroads in the United States and Canada have adopted the patent planished sheet iron for covering the boilers of their locomotives. The plan- ishing process imparts to it that beautiful gloss aud dappled appear- ance peculiar only to Russia Iron, closing the pores so effectually that it will resist the action of the atmosphere superior to an}' other iron in existence. The main offices and warerooms of the Company are at No. 519 Arch street, in this city, and here they carry in stock complete lines of all the leading specialties, enabling them to fill the largest orders at the shortest possible notice. The concern is undoubtedly, whether considered by the quality of its productions or the extent of its operations, one of the first in its line in the country and has a history which is in full accord with the spirit of the age. The Alan Wood Company will be well represented at the World's Columbian Exposition to be held at Chicago, Illinois, in 1893. THE CAMBRIA IRON COMPANY This Company was chartered under the general laws of the State in the year 1S52. The purpose was to operate four old fashioned charcoal furnaces, located in and about Johnstown, at which period the early manufacturer of iron saw a great future for the industry. Coal, iron and limestone were abundant, and the extension of the Pennsylvania Railroad would enable them to find a ready market for their products. In 1853 the constructions of four coke furnaces were com- menced. England was then shipping rails into this country under a low duty, and the iron industry, then in its infancy, was strug- gling for existence. The furuaces at Johnstown labored under great difficulties in the years between 1S52 and 1S61, and the Cam- bria Iron Company after many reverses aud failures had finally succeeded in establishing itself. When the war came and with ft the Morrill tariff of 1S61 a greater field was opened up. A new era in the manufacture of iron and steel was about to dawn upon the American people. From an infant industry in the United States, struggling for existence, as it had been for a century past, suddenly became the greatest of our industries, and astonished the world by its magnitude. The first experiment in this country in the manu- facture of pneumatic steel was made in 1857 at the Cambria Iron Works by Mr. William Kelly, and in a large sense the steel indus- try must be regarded as of American origin, though to Mr. Rcsse mer is due the invention of the ingenious machinery by wdiich the discovery is now so wonderfully applied. The Cambria Iron Com- pauy commenced the erection of Bessemer Works in 1869, and sold its first steel rails in 1871, at one hundred and five dollars per ton. The immense plant has been gradually expanded from the original rolling mill and four old style blast furuaces, into its present wonderful proportions. The Philadelphia offices of the Company are at 218 South Fourth street. Mr. E. T. Townsend the President, was one of the original organizers of the Company in 1855. Mr. Powell Stackhouse, Vice- President; Mr. J. Y. Townsend, Second Vice-President. THE GLOUCESTER IRON WORKS Among the many prominent industrial establishments repre- sented in Philadelphia the Gloucester Iron Works hold an import- ant place. The business was established in 1864 by Michellon & Sexton, and incorporated in 1871, with a paid up capital of $ 154,- 000. David S. Brown was the first President. The works on the Delaware River extend over twenty acres of ground, covered with founderies, machine shops, boiler and smith shops, tar pits, prov- ing shops, etc. The company employs about 400 hands and melts on an average 100 tons of iron per day, used in the manufacture of east iron gas and water pipe, heating and steam pipe, etc. The plant is very complete in every respect and facilities for receiving aud shipping by river and rail are not surpassed. The present officers of the company are: Mr. Sam'l R. Ship- ley, President; Mr. D. S. B. Chew, Treasurer; Mr. Jas. P. Michel- Ion, Secretary; Mr. William Sexton, Superintendent; all gentle- men well known in the business circles of the city. HUGHES & PATTERSON While only two peisous are mentioned in the firm name, yet there are three members of the firm — John O. Hughes, Robert Pat- terson and Walter Hatfield. Their experience has covered a period of man}' years, and it can be said of them that they are as ably fitted for the successful management of the iron business as any group of gentlemen known to the trade. Mr. Hughes is a native of Wales, but emigrated to the " States " when quite young. He has long been identified with iron industries, and was at one time with the firm of Morgan & Caskey. Mr. Patterson hails from Mont- gomery county, Pa., and previous to casting his fortunes with the present firm was connected with the Fairhill Forge and Rolling Mills, with which he continued thirteen years. These two gentle- men organized the business in 1870, and erected their first mill, known as the "Delaware Rolling Mill," at Richmond and Otis streets, Kensington, Philadelphia, in that year. Its equipment in- cludes ten single puddling furnaces, six heating furnaces and five train rolls; its capacity is 18,000 tons per year. In 1S77 Walter Hatfield was admitted to the firm, entering it immediately upon having completed a collegiate course of studies. In 18S9 the Philadelphia Rolling Mill at Beach and Vienna streets was pur- chased and added to the plant. It was built in 1S58, and has eight double puddling furnaces, one busheling furnace, five heat- ing furuaces and four train rolls. The total capacity of both mills is 27,000 tons net per annum. The product includes mer- chant bars, scrolls, ovals, half-ovals, half-round, and horse-shoe iron, etc., and in quality is unsurpassed. The firm give their personal attention to every detail, and as they know the require- ments of the trade they use their every endeavor to meet them. That they have been successful in sodoiug their prosperity and con- stantly increasing business bears ample testimony. Their manage- ment is conservative, and yet energetic and progressive, and by their promptness in filling all orders and superiority of their irons they have obtained prominent distinction in the iron trade of the country, among whom they have many warm friends and patrons. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. GRISWOLD WORSTED COMPANY [Limited] Griswold Worsted Company [Limited], manufacturers of all grades of worsted and silk yarns. Among the many distinguished enterprises in the development of Philadelphia's resources as a great centre of trade there are few if any more fitting or successful representatives than the Griswold Worsted Co. The extensive manufacturing business was established in 1870 by Mr. W. A. Griswold, and has for twenty-one years been con- tinued without interruption, never losing a day or shutting down from strikes or other causes. In August, 188 1, Mr. Griswold died, and February, 1S82, the important interests were incorporated under the existing title. The officers of the Company are as follows: Chairman, W. L. Strong, head of the New York, Boston and Philadelphia dry goods commission house of " W. L. Strong & Co.," and which is selling agent for many of the leading mills of the country. Secretary, Mr. F. S. Schroder, who is the leading cotton manufacturer of Lancaster, Pa., controlling the four Conestoga Mills. Mr. H. Whiteley, superintendent, has been connected with the mill from the organization and the success of the corporation is largely due to his efficiency and skill as a manufacturer in all branches of pro- duction. Griswold Worsted Mills Mr. F. Wistar Brown of Philadelphia is the treasurer, widely known in financial circles and connected with many prominent institutions either as an officer or director. The paid up capital of the Company is 1300,000. The mills are among the finest of the kind in the United States. Spacious and well arranged, and fitted up with all the latest improved ma- chinery, spindles and appliances. Since the above illustration was made, the Silk Mill has been largely extended on the right. Upwards of 600 hands find steady employment in the manufacture of all grades of silk and worsted yarns and silk yarns for cassimere purposes. The choicest of raw material is used under the supervision of skilled experts and the greatest care is taken to maintain the highest standard of excellence for all yarns produced. The Philadelphia office and salesrooms are located at 3-22 Chestnut street. The yarns arc made in white, mixed and fancy colors, war- ranted fast, and have continued to grow into popular favor with manufacturers, who find them specially adapted in their various grades to every description of fabric for which they are required. The annual product has attained large proportions, the company's customers being found all through the New England, Middle and Western States, and the officers of the company are to be con- gratulated upon the success of their efforts. CHARLES CH1PMAN & SON The firm whose name heads this short article started in business originally in 1871. Through their careiul and considerate manage- ment the trade has steadily increased until it became necessary to erect a larger building that would be suitable to the demand of a fast growing business. The building now occupied was furnished and occupied by the firm during the year 1889. In purchasing the machinery for the new mill all advantage was taken of every late improvement thus giving them facilities fully equal to those pos- sessed by any American firm. Nothing but the finest class of materials are used, which in conjunction with the highly skilled labor and the best machinery unite in producing a grade of hosiery that cannot be surpassed by any manufacturer in this country. In addition to this large plant in Gcrmantown, the firm also have a branch factory at Mahanoy City, which is operated under the name of the Eagle Hosiery Mills. These works are under the supervis- ion of Mr. W. E. Chipman, a son of the senior member of the linn. This young man has spent his entire business career in this line, and is fully familiar with all the many details of the business. In addition to the plant just mentioned the firm also own a controlling interest in two other mills of the same character in the SxiiiiiiiHIIIII J"IiI iKziminifiiiEi ;ISmi|i!ip|I Charles Chipman & Son Schuylkill Valley. Some idea of the immense size may be gath- ered from the fact that employment is given to nearly 600 work- people, and the value of product amounts to more than $400,000 per annum. The members of the firm are Messrs. Chas. Chipman and Frank L. Chipman. Both of these gentlemen are natives of this city, and have always taken an active interest in its welfare. Mr. Chas. Chipman is Past Master of Stephen Girard Lodge, R. A. M., a member of the Royal Arch Chapter, No. 183, and Captain General of Kadosh Commander}', No. 29, K. T., the Manufacturer's Club, Cavalry Post, No. 35, G. A. R., and president of the Fifth Pennsylvania Cavalry Association, having served three years in the late war in the Fifth Pennsylvania Cavalry. Mr. Frank L. Chipman is the travelling man of the firm, making trips through- out the South, West and Southwest. Formerly the firm were also manufacturers of underwear, but about a year ago they sold all their machinery and appliances to Mr. B. W. Elder of The Enter- prise Hosiery Mills of New Orleans. THE PHILADELPHIA BLACK LEAD CRUCIBLE WORKS R. B. Seidel, the president of the Philadelphia Black Lead Crucible Works, and its founder, is a native of Pennsylvania and was born in Reading in 1S20. In his youth he was employed in the iron business and in 1866 began the manufacture of black lead cruc- ibles, and so founded the business now known as the Philadelphia Black Lead Crucible Works. Mr. Seidel had numerous partners after the beginning of his business, but is now the sole proprietor. In 1N77 the general management of the establishment he gave to his son, E. B. Seidel, who was born in Reading in 1S55, and who after his school education served an apprenticeship of five years in the manufacture of crucibles. The crucibles of this establishment are used for melting gold, silver, brass, steel, and other metals, and also for chemicals, assaying and refining purposes. The firm also manufactures an article in which it takes special pride, known as the black lead stopper, for Bessemer steel makers. They guarantee that all their manufactures can be exposed to the highest tempera- ture without alteration ; that they will resist the action of all sub- stances brought in contact with them. They must be refractor}' in the strongest heat, not porous to liquids, and capable of bearing great alteration of temperature, on which account it is necessary they should be made of a well gauged thickness. So well adapted are the crucibles manufactured by this house for the purpose of melting steel that the firm of Henry Disston's Sons, saw works, at Tacony, used over $50,000 worth of them last year. The present output of the house is 100,000 steel and 30,000 brass crucibles per annum. The number of workmen employed is sixty. In addition to other outputs they prepare fine plumbago for lubricating and stove polish, and hammered charcoal iron of various sizes and forms. The firm have large orders from abroad, particularly from France and Belgium, and from the latter country the orders are chiefly from Brussels. Mr. Seidel is always glad to welcome any- one interested in this branch of the industries of Philadelphia who will visit his establishment, and all who accept this invitation are assured of a cordial welcome aud full opportunity to inspect the workings of the various departments. One of the officials will always be on hand to explain and guide about the establishment. 156 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. G. VOLLMER & SON The establishment of G. Vollmer & Son, manufacturers of an- tique furniture- and decoration for interior anil exterior, was first located at the southeast corner of Eleventh and Chestnut streets, Philadelphia. The founder of this highly artistic firm, G. Vollmer, was born in Ludwigsburg, Kingdom of Bavaria, September 10, 1S16. He came to this country when eighteen years of age and worked as journeyman at his trade for seven years. It was immediately after this service, in 1S41, that he started into business as above stated, and there continued until his death on May 17, 1881. Being pos- sessed of a large measure of artistic skill, executive ability and enterprise, his productions quickly acquired a reputation which gave them wide-spread fame, and this reputation he maintained for the forty years of his business life. The present member of the firm is Charles F. Vollmer, son of G. Vollmer. When Charles was but sixteen years of age he was sent to Europe to study the art of decorative furnishing. He remained abroad for a number of years — in Paris five years and in London two years. Charles F. Vollmer has retained the firm name of G. Vollmer & Son. In his establishment only skilled labor is employed. At the present time the artisans are of many different nationalities, but Americans are being educated in all the intricate and difficult processes of manu- facture. This education is derived from practice and attendance upon the art and design school five nights in each week, where designing and modeling is taught. When exceptional talent and ambition is shown the proprietor sends the pupil at his expense to complete his education in Paris. Three are there now. It is found that this method produces the best possible results and work is turned out which would be impossible otherwise to produce. All the work is done by hand. The firm is prepared to undertake all kinds of in- terior work, ornamental wood-work, frescoing, papering, painting, etc., in the highest style of art, as exhibited in our finest class of modern houses. A specialty of the firm is the application of classic features in design. The best of materials are used and durability and stability are guaranteed in all their work. The firm supply any article of furniture and finishings, from the smallest in use to the heavy carved sets, mantels, etc. The upholstery and curtain department of the firm is equally well provided. In the decoration of libraries they are equally happy. In their original as well as in the reproduction of antique designs they use only the efforts of the best artists, as Verchere, Brunet, Pignot, Henry Havard and others of like reputation. All the goods offered for sale are of their own manufacture. Estimates are made for the ornamentation of churches, club houses, theaters, or any required work in their line. They have facilities for filling the largest contracts, at the same time they take great care in satisfying the smallest orders. Charles F. Vollmer has general supervision of the business and is an accomplished de- signer. The motto of the firm is, they do not desire so much to excel in the volume of their work as in quality. Therefore they aim more for a selection of patrons than in their number. They are proud to claim that the steady increase in their busi- ness is the result of strict attention, energy, enterprise, and the determination to excel. Harmony, good taste and artistic skill are noticeable in all their productions, and orders left to their discre- tion to fill are never disappointing. Repairs and refurnishings are undertaken by accomplished workmen with but little inconvenience to the occupants of the house, everything is done quietly and skillfully with but little fuss. New designs and effects are being constantly brought out, which they show with pleasure, making estimates for anvthing required. The factory is one hundred feet square, located at 1110-14-16 Sansom street, immediately in the rear of the Chestnut street store. The business of the firm w'as begun with ten men ; it now em- ploys one hundred and forty workmen. The output in the start was about §25,000, now it exceeds $225,000 yearly. Very extensive contracts have been taken in the way of furnishing Philadelphia houses, one amounting to $75,000 for decorations alone during the past year. An important, as well as a generous feature in the management, is the sending abroad young men to be educated in the schools of Europe where the)- have the advantages of instruction under the most skillful artists, to return fully equipped with all the require- ments to produce and in time instruct others at home. By such means G. Vollmer & Son have attained a high posi- tion in the trade and largely improved the quality of American productions. McKAY & KAHLER Mr. George McKay and Mr. Oscar A. Kahler, trading under the firm name of McKay & Kahler, are located at the southwest corner of Broad and Glen wood avenue iGermantown Junction l'eim. R. R.). They are largely engaged in the sale of terra cotta salt glazed sewer pipe, fire brick, vitrified paving and building brick ; also imported and domestic cements. The firm are the general agents for the Pittsburgh Clay Manu- facturing Co., factory at New Brighton, Pa., and thev make a spe- cialty of handling their goods. In the manufacture of their sewer pipe, terra cotta goods and stoneware, nothing is used but pure fire clay. Their sewer pipe is heavily glazed with salt when intensely hot, and thus rendered impervious to the action of the atmosphere or acids. In strength, durability, shape and finish, their goods are inferior to none in the world and equalled by very few. The firm also represent the Pittsburgh Clay Manufacturing Co. in the sale of the celebrated New Brighton vitrified paving brick. Comparatively little is known of vitrified brick, and yet hun- dreds of miles of streets have been laid with them, especially in the Western cities and towns. Quite a number of streets in Philadel- phia are paved with them, and it is undoubtedly the best material tor paving purposes. They are made of the best fire clay, and thor- oughly vitrified, each brick is put under a pressure of two hundred tons, thus becoming intensely hard. They are very regular in size, and can be laid very close to each other, consequently the dirt can- not accumulate. When the foundation is properly prepared and rolled both before and after paving, the surface will be all that can be desired. It will not rot or decay. They will not absorb any moisture, being impervious to water. Wc would also call attention to a re-pressed vitrified brick for building purposes, which are excellent in finish and destined to come into prominence ; also fire brick, and some beautiful designs in flower vases. Messrs. McKay & Kahler also make a specialty in selling the best brands of imported and domestic cements, selling largely to contractors, builders and plumbers. KEEBLER-WEYL BAKING COMPANY The business of this enterprise was established in 1S62 by the late John T. Rickets, by whom Godfrey Keeblcr was employed as foreman. At the death of Mr. Rickets, Mr. Keeblcr purchased the property and began business with three small ovens, to which he soon added a fourth and other improved machinery for the manufacture of assorted cakes, crackers, etc. The factory is located on lots Nos. 258 to 268 N. Twenty-second street ; the building is three stories high, 7oxSo feet, supplied with machinery of the most recent make driven by steam power, having all the appliances for kneading, mixing and rolling the dough. Some one hundred hands are employed, with a capacity of 300 barrels of flour per week. Mr. Keebler was born in Wurtcmburg in 1S22, and came with his father to this country in 1832. At the age of 19 he began his career as a baker and at the age of 22 he established himself in business, having derived his capital from his earnings. He has been largely connected with the German social and business organi- zations of Philadelphia. He is a member of the Masonic order in which he takes an active interest. Mr. Augustus Weyl formed a partnership with Godfrey Keebler in the spring of 1890. In the fall of 1890 they were incorporated as the Keebler- Weyl Baking Company. Mr. A. Weyl is the oldest of five brothers, he was named for his father, a native of Steilizt . and a baker by trade, who emigrated from that place with his bride, Mary Hafhcr, and settled in Columbia, Pa., where the subject of this sketch was born February 2, 1835. He first learned the trade of morocco dressing, at which he earned a livelihood when quite a boy and a resi- dent of Mt. Holly. He left Mt. Holly and went to Wilmington. Del., and engaged in the baking business with his father and brothers. At the age of 19 he went West, settling at St. Louis in 1S64, where he accepted the position of letter carrier. Finally he formed a partnership with Captain John T. Dozier, at which tunc they bought the Garneau Co.'s factory which they consolidated with their old place, establishing what was said to be the largest cracker factory in the world, and doing business under the firm name of Dozier-Weyl Cracker Company. In the fall of 1SS9, Captain Dozier died, and Mr. Weyl having amassed a snug little fortune sold his interest and also his name to L. D. Dozier and then returned to the Quaker City. Mr. Aug. Weyl is a brother to the late Henry Weyl, and is the only surviving male member of his family, and when he dies the family name will pass into oblivion. 157 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHLANS. MANUFACTURERS. POTTSVILLE IRON AND STEEL WORKS On the iSth of January, 1890, the Pottsville Iron and Steel Works were fifty years old, and on that date it celebrated its bi-ceu- tennial of perpetual existence. On the establishment of these works it was for the first time authoritatively declared that iron could be smelted with Pennsylvania anthracite coal exclusively by the use of the hot blast. The exper- iment was made at the Pioneer furnace, the site foundation of which is now the property of the company. The Pennsylvania Legislature was several times urged to offer a premium for the successful smelting of iron with anthracite coal. Without waiting for the action of the Legislature, Kurd Patterson, of Pottsville, Pa., announced that he would give a thousand dollars per ton for ten tons of good iron smelted with anthracite coal. In 1S3S Mr. Patterson laid the foundation for a furnace for the smelting of iron. On July 13, 1839, the furnace was in blast, and on October 12 of the same vear a successful result was attained. William Lyman, then at the head of the works, was using iron ore from the mines of Morris, Mann & Co., at Iron Hall. Not a scrap of old metal, wood or charcoal was used, except for the mere purpose of first ignition. The undoubted success of the Pottsville Iron and Steel Works attracted attention throughout the country, and its importance was commented upon by all the leading journals. January iS, J840, a banquet was given to celebrate the successful establishment of these works. A bonus of $10,000 had been offered as a reward if there could be an entirely successful three months' run, and Mr. Lyman carried off the prize. The success of this experiment marked the beginning of a new era. The flattering verdict of a Philadelphia committee, composed as the}' were of men of wide reputation, settled the question which had for several years been a mooted one, as to whether by the Penn- sylvania anthracite coal alone and the hot blast, iron ore could be smelted. The furnace was then named the Pioneer. Mr. Lyman and others disposed of it to the Atkins Brothers in 1S53. When Hanson E., Charles M. and William Way Atkins purchased the Pioneer Furnace thev employed about twenty-five men and the works covered an area of perhaps an acre. There was but one stack and it and the machinery were of the most primitive order. Improve- ments were at once begun, and although the expense was great the immediate returns showed the wisdom of the new proprietors. In 1S54, Mr. C. M. Atkins purchased an interest in the Fishbach Roll- ing Mill, built by John Buruis in 1852. The mill then employed about fifty people, had one heating and three puddling furnaces. The facilities of the mill were enlarged and the demand for iron increasing, it was necessary to keep the furnaces up to the require- ments of the works. In 1870 a new mill was erected and several times enlarged, and machinery put in for the manufacture of bridge iron. This has grown to be a most important feature of the plant, and orders are filled for contractors from all parts of the country. In 18S4 a steel plant addition was erected. These shops constitute the backbone of the business of Pottsville. The Pioneer Furnace has grown until it now covers an area of seven acres, and comprises three large furnaces turning out 50,000 tons of pig iron annually. The furnaces are under the personal management of H. B. Milli- ken, with H. C. Cooper as superintendent. QQ All the pig iron turned out is used at the rolling mills at Fish- bach. These nulls cover an area of fourteen acres. Their capacity is about 125,000 tons of finished iron and steel per annum. When the Atkins Brothers took hold of the property it produced about one-third of that quantity. The mills now employ 850 men and both plants together secure employment to over 1000 hands, and steady work is given all the year around. The works of the com- pany are situated at Pottsville, ninety-three miles from Philadelphia, but as a very large proportion of its production is sold in this mar- ket, it may properlv be called a Philadelphia concern. The offices of the company are at No. 226 South Fourth street, Philadelphia. The two companies which are controlled by the same interest arc manufacturers of all classes of iron and steel for buildings, bridges, and structural work generally, and also manufacture all classes of bridges, and in connection with the Pottsville Bridge Company are contractors for the erection of this work. Among the many prominent buildings in Philadelphia for which it has furnished the material are : The Girard Life Insurance and Trust Company, corner of Broad ami Chestnut streets ; the large apartment house of Henry Warden, and part of the iron work required in the floors of the new City Hall. They are at pres- ent engaged in building and erecting the west approach to the new Walnut street bridge, which contract covers about $200,000 worth of work. The present president of the Pottsville Iron and Steel Com- pany is William Atkins, son of the late Charles M. Atkins. LUKENS & WHITT1NGTON Of 626 Race street, are extensive manufacturers ot dental instru- ments and dealers in dental supplies, and carry on a business that was originally established twenty-three years ago. They employ a force of the most experienced workmen to be found in the business, and as both partners are thoroughly versed in the trade, they work side by side with their employees in the shops, and the great success they have attained is in a large measure due to this personal in- terest and supervision. The facilities are ample, the machinery, tools, etc., used being of the very finest and most modern patterns, which enables them to turn out work unexcelled in the markets of the United States. They keep apace with the times, both in im- provements and in price, and have established for themselves a trade with very many of the leading dental firms in the country. STAMBACH & LOVE The firm of Stambach & Love, manufacturers of plumbers' sup- plies and all materials of the laundry such as wash tubs, hearth sinks, etc., now composed of Servestus Stambach and Robert Love, was organized on September 1, 1877, at 56 North Seventh street, Philadelphia, Pa. In 1882 the firm made additions to their build- ings as they did again in 1887. Their present premises are 50 and 52 North Seventh street, with a frontage of 76 feet and a depth of 100 feet. Work-shops are also located at 132 Nicholson street. Their trade is exclusively wholesale to the plumbing trade. Thev have furnished all the materials in their line for the Provident Life and Trust building at Fourth and Chestnut streets, Philadelphia, Pa., and the Hahneman, and the Presbyterian Hos- pitals of Philadelphia. They have just completed a contract with the Medical and Chirurgical Hospital of Philadelphia, and they did all the plumbing work at the new hospital at Devon, Pennsylvania, and at the Manufacturers' Club, 1409 Walnut street, Philadelphia. More and more attention is being constantly paid in the erecting of buildings to perfect plumbing and to all the accessories of plumb- ing. In these days of the erection of enormously high buildings scarcely any other matter is of equal importance. In fact so im- portant is the perfect arrangement of all the pipes etc., throughout private dwellings, apartment houses, hotels, etc., that it has attracted the serious attention of physicians and yon can scarcely pick up a medical journal without seeing the matter earnestly discussed. It is even suggested that the derelict or careless plumber should be brought under the law. Over twenty men are constantly employed by this firm. They manufacture and carry all the specialties needed by plumbers, giving particular attention to the proper sanitary equipments of modern buildings. They are perfectly willing to have themselves judged by their completed work and that which they have under way. There are constant improvements in plumbers' specialties and the firm spares neither time nor expense in securing novelties which it supposes will be of worth. It is adding at all times to its facilities and is capable of filling any contract no matter how large or seemingly intricate. It proceeds upon the theory that the public should understand that in no case is it truer than in that of plumb- ing, that the best work is always the cheapest in the end. 15S PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR I 'HI LA DELPHI A. VS. MANUFACTURERS. THE JOHN B. STETSON CO. This business was originated by Mr. John B. Stetson, January 17, 1865, and has been conducted with such signal success as to carry it into the very front ranks of the manufacturing interests of the city. From a small production of six dozen hats a day the increase has been to over 200 dozen a day at the present time. Additions to plant and the latest improved machinery have been made from time to time, and the business has been built up out of the profits of the concern. The plant is located at the corner of Fourth street and Montgomery avenue and consists of a five story and basement building. In the rear of this, the Compauy has just completed an addition by the erection of a seven story brick building. This building is now occupied and the machinery in operation. Notwithstanding the fire proof con- struction of the factory, automatic sprinklers, extending along the ceilings of each story, and Babcock extinguishers, roof tanks and other safety apparatus, give an additional security to life and prop- erty. The machinery is ruu by an engine of 125 horse power, and six boilers (one of a capacity of sixty, one of eighty and four of one hundred horse power each). The elevators, two in number, are operated by machinery located in the basement. All of the manu- facturing departments are lighted by electricity. Mr. Stetson's benevolence and the keen interest he takes in the welfare of the operatives is well illustrated from the fact that he maintains a num. ber of institutions which are as unique as they arc useful. There are large rooms devoted to various Associations — religious, social and beneficial, which Mr. Stetson has founded. There is a hand- some hall, two stories high, capable of seating about two thousand persons, in which Sunday School is held and is patronized not only by the employees but many persons in the neighborhood. There are also side galleries, and the hall is furnished with a fine piano and organ. Underneath there is a spacious librar}' and reading room. Here is also an armory where are kept guns and equip- ments belonging to a military company, composed entirely of young men employed in the factory. One of the most useful institutions connected with the establishment is the Medical Department, and through which a vast amount of good has been accomplished. A great many hands employed in the factory have been enabled to secure houses of their own through the workings of the John B, Stetson Building Association. Mr. John B. Stetson, the founder, is the president, Mr. Win. P. Frey vice-president, Mr. J. N. Mont- gomerv secretary, and Mr. Robert M. Smith treasurer. There is also a beneficial association, contributed to by all, and the funds of which are often augmented 1>\ donations from Mr. Stetson. The steady progress of the concern will be appreciated when we state that fully one thousand hands are regularly employed. The "Stet- son" hats are known as representing the best efforts of American manufacture. At all of the International Industrial Exhibits, they have taken the highest honors. One of their latest triumphs being at the Paris Exposition of 1S89, where they carried away the grand prize. They make a specialty of soft and stiff felts, the quality of which has been described by the term "Ineffable." They are always ahead of the trade as regards styles, and every person may be sure of purchasing the "correct thing," when he buys a "Stet- son" hat. The Company was incorporated in 1891, still retaining the time honored name of John B. Stetson. The act of incorporation brought with it renewed strength and additional importance. The original policv as laid down by Mr. Stetson will lie faithfully adhered to, and under the present management the future prospects of the con- cern are favorable to a continued enlargement of business, and the enhancement of their reputation as one of the great industrial insti- tutions of Philadelphia. The John B. Stetson Co. will be represented at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, in 1S93. THE PORTLAND PAVING COMPANY The paving of streets of great cities has within the last few years attracted more attention and caused more studj and experi- ment than it did for hundred of years before. It is within the memory of even the youngest when the cobble stum was thought to be the perfection of city road-ways ami it was not until after it was demonstrated that the roadways could be better paved, that the attention of inventors and capitalists was turned to the side walks themselves. The first pavement of the sidewalks if it can be so called was a wood platform and when that was superseded by- brick it was thought that perfection had been reached. When natural stone was after a while substituted for brick pavements for sidewalks, it was declared impossible to go any farther. But the expense, the trouble and the delay in placing the natural stone, with very often not very satisfactory results put the wits of the in- ventors to work, and artificial stone appeared. There are numerous compositions and many possess excellent qualities but the expense attendant upon their use is too great to allow the general adoption of some of them. Mr. W. II. Jenkins, head of the Portland Paving Company, has invented an artificial stone which combines durability with the advantage that it can be placed at comparatively small outlay. It is called "Metalithic" and derives its name from the use of an iron chain introduced into the blocks of granite and cement com- pound as a binder. It is extensively used not only for paving but for varying building purposes, curbings, etc. Any design or color can lie obtained. Its tensile strength which is very great is largely in favor for such uses, it being guaranteed at 150 tons per cubic foot. Science coupled with indefatigable energy has brought this material to such perfection that it is now very largclv used in the construction of buildings, especially those designed to be fire-proof. It is here used in a manner which once would been deemed impos- sible, as for sills, lintels, steps, floors, for which it used to be sup- posed there was 110 other Proper material than wood. The busi- ness of the firm in Philadelphia is very extensive and in the matter of paving alone they are doing as much as any other house in the city. It is now fulfilling contracts for a number of the new build- ings being erected throughout the city. WARNER H. JENKINS Warner Haddou Jenkins was born in Philadelphia, February 27, 1S64. He is of English descent, his ancestors beiug of good old Ouaker stock and remarkable for their longevity. His paternal grandmother was Patience Jenkins, a well-known Ouaker preacher of her time. His father, Colonel Samuel Howell Jenkins, was among the first to offer his services to the Government at the begin- ning of the war of the rebellion. Mr. Jenkins was educated at the Friends' Select School at Fifteenth and Race streets, where he studied for three years and afterwards acquired business methods and stenography at L-auderback's Academy. He subsequently en- tered the senior class of the Newton Grammar School, and then was admitted to the preparatory class of the University of Pcnn- sylvania, and he finished his education by a private course of mathematics and the sciences under the tuition of Professor Yerger. While still a young man, Mr. Jenkins became a clerk in the office of the Cambria Iron Company and he retired a year later on account of sickness. He then studied practical surveying and was appointed a solicitor of contracts for the Columbia Paving Company. Eventually he entered into a partnership with Mr. George W. Bush for the manufacture of artificial stone, under the name of the Portland Paving Company. The partnership con- tinued until 1SS6, when a stock company was formed under the same title, both partners taking a large interest in the concern, and Mr. Jenkins acting as Superintending Engineer and general manager. The business of the Portland Paving Company has now become verv extensive, and its only rival in this city is the Vulcanite Pav- ing Companv. Mr. Jenkins is a competent hydraulic engineer and he is considered an authority in all matters relating to patent paving, cements, etc. But it is to the invention of "Metalithic" that Mr. Jenkins owes his fame and a good part of his fortune. To push this great and useful discovery Mr. Jenkins has entered into partnership with H. Victor Gause', with offices in the Drcxel Building. " Metalithic" is now being introduced throughout the United States, and it is certainly one of the most important discoveries in the building trade. Mr. Jenkins is also Consulting Engineer of the Empire Paving Companv of New York. He married on May 2S, 1883, Mi>s Mary Lewis Rowland, and he has two sons and a daughter. 159 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. VULCANITE PAVING COMPANY WILLIAM & HARVEY ROWLAND The business of this company was established in the City of Philadelphia in 1871. The very general use of vulcanite and patent granolithic pavement in place of brick and stone has not only been a matter of great economy, but a feature of comfort and beauty wherever used, rendering any special description of the article unnecessary-. It is cheaper than stone, quite as durable, and laid to fit any form or space. For sidewalks and roadways many miles are in use in Philadelphia, and it is to be hoped that the uneven, un- sightly brick walks will continue to give way to this material. As a flooring for cellars, hotel and office buildings it has no equal. Besides the miles of streets and sidewalks laid by this company, the company refer to the following buildings in which their granolithic flooring and sidewalks are laid : The Public Buildings, the Drexel Building, Post Office, Giraid Life Insurance Building, Broad Street Station of the Pennsylvania Railroad, Baltimore and Ohio Depot, County Prison, Baldwin Locomotive Works, and many others. The extent of the business is very largely increasing, and amounts now to about fSco, 000 yearly, giving employment to about five hundred men. It can be laid in any design or color. The paving of wet and damp cellars and side yards is a spe- cialty. The company are the sole agents for the P. & P.. patent ideal roofing, P. & B. paints and sheathing paper, and other kinds of roofing, and sole manufacturers of iron slag blocks. The company was incorporated in 1871. Dr. L- S. Filbert is President, and D. S. Fisher, Treasurer. Offices, 1902 Green street. FRED. AUG. GENTH, Jr. Late Assistant Professor of Chemistry in the University of Pennsylvania, was born in Philadelphia February 12, 1855. He is descended from a family of considerable renown in Europe, related in its collateral branches with such distin- guished chemists as Profs. Leibig, Bunsen, and others, and is the son of Frederick A. Genth, who was assistant to Prof. Bunsen in the University at Marburg, Germany, and for many years Professor of Chem- istry and Mineralogy in the University of Pennsylvania. Prof. Genth received his preliminary education in pri- vate schools, principally at the West Penn Square Academy, and at the age of seventeen entered the University of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in 1S76 with the degree of B.' S. He then took a post graduate course of two years in chemistry, receiving the degree of Master of Sciences. While he was yet a student, and for some time afterward, he assisted in the chemical department of the Second Geological Survey of the State of Pennsylvania, and some of the valuable work he did is recorded in its reports, especially in C. 6, of Hall and Genth's reports. In 1881 he became connected with the University of Pennsylvania as instructor in Analytical Chemistry, and two years later was appointed Assistant Professor of Chemistry in that institution, a position that he held until 1S89. He then withdrew to devote his attention more especially to busi- ness pursuits. In 1S90, in association with George W. Hancock, ex-City Treasurer Bell, Henry Z. Ziegler, and others, he established the West Philadelphia Title and Trust Company, of which he is now a director. Professor Genth has made important contributions to scientific literature, and is a member of several learned societies, including the American Philosophical Societv of Philadelphia, and the Chemical Societies of Berlin and Paris, in which mem- bership cannot be obtained without giving satisfactory evidence of possessing scientific attainments. Manufacturers of carriage and wagon springs, steel, Norway shapes, etc. This firm commenced business in the year 1835, and was composed of four brothers, Thomas, Benjamin, William and Harvey, descendants of John Rowland a sturdy yeoman who in the year 1682, came from Sussex County, England, to this country with a number of his friends and neighbors to find a home in the new colony established by William Penn. After carrying on the manu- facture of saws exclusively for several years, they added in 1842 the manufacture of carriage and wagon springs to their business. After experiencing great difficulty in obtaining from either abroad or at home steel suitable for their requirements they decided in 1S45 t° make it themselves, and thus have under their own control and supervision all the materials that entered into the manufacture of their goods. This addition to their business required a large out- lay of money for buildings, machinery, furnaces, etc., but the wis- dom of this move was demonstrated by their ability with their im- proved facilities to produce better goods than had heretofore been made in this country, and they gained a reputation which they have ever since carefully guarded and maintained. The business was continued by the founders until 1861, when the senior partners, Thomas and Benjamin, retired, and William and Harvey continued until December 18, 1872, when Wil- liam died after a short illness ; the business was then carried on by Harvey, his sons Wil- liam, Frank S., and Edward and Charles, sons of William, the late senior partner, until January 28, 188S, when Harvey died, since which time the business has been conducted by Edward and Charles Row- land uuder the original firm name of William & Harvey Rowland. From a small estab- lishment with a local trade it has grown to be one of the largest of its kind, with trade in every State in the Union, Canada, South and Central America. Filbert FRANCIS PEROT'S SONS MALTING COMPANY The above-named com- pany is the oldest business house in the United States. It was established in 16S7 and in- corporated in 1SS7. Mr. T. Morris Perot is President, Ed- ward H. Ogden, Vice-President, Elliston Perot, Secretarv, and Mr. Theodore F. Miller, Treasurer. Mr. T. Morris Perot, is the first Vice-President of the Board of Trade, President of the Women's Medical College, President of the Mercantile Library Company, Chairman of the Board of Trustees College of Pharmacy, Director of the United Security Trust Company and other financial organiza- tions. Anthonv Morris came to this country in 1682 in the ship " Welcome" with William Penn, and was present at the signing of the treaty with the Indians. He first went to Burlington, N. J., 14 miles up the Delaware River from Philadelphia. He remained there until 16S6, when he returned, and in 1687 he purchased a lot on the east side of Front street below Walnut facing the river and erected thereon a brewery. Mr. T. Morris Perot, of the present firm, represents tire seventh generation in direct line of descent, and Mr. Elliston Perot represents the eighth generation. We do not believe there is another house in existence in the United States that can present a continuous unbroken line of descent of over two hundred years. It is a record that the surviving members of the family can feel justly proud of. The malt offices are located at 310 to 322 Vine street, 319 New street in this city, and at Oswego, N. Y. The firm has always maintained the highest standard of business probity and commercial honor and ranks as one of the leading firms in its line in the United States. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. THOMAS, ROBERTS, STEVENSON COMPANY Was established in 1S65, and incorporated in 1S87. Walter S. Stevenson, president; Lewis E. Roberts, vice-president ; David H. Thomas, secretary ; Jonas Snyder, treasurer; Levi H. Clviner, sup- erintendent. The foundries are located in the southern part of the city, cov- ering an entire block bounded by Second, Mifflin and McKean streets, and Moyamensing avenue, and covering a plot of ground 400 feet by 490 feet, about six acres. The number of employees is something over two hundred, distributed in the various departments of the works, which comprise the moulding, cleaning, finishing, patterns, shipping and storage, and the clerical departments. The annual output consists of about thirty thousand ranges, stoves and furnaces, which are distributed throughout all parts of the United States, and a number are exported ; have had recent orders from different parts of South America and Japan, also from Norway, Sweden, and other parts of Europe. In addition to the foundry plant, the Company occupies the fine five-story store and warehouse at 250 Water street, New York Its operations being automatic, there is uo machinery, no labor, no experience required. The wonderful results arc obtained sim- ply by an act of nature, that is, by admitting in a proper form into the oven a constant supply of fresh air. The same advantage is derived in baking bread and pastry as in roasting meats. The "Gauze Door Ranges" embody in all their parts the latest manner of constructing a range — improved fire-box, improved grate, improved water-back — everything that science and genius have sug- gested, has been adopted in the construction of these appliances, and they are guaranteed in every respect to be first-class. The great feature, and one that has been greeted by the building trade as a welcome innovation, is that these ranges can, if desired, be set in place in the house without brickwork, saving expense and econ- omizing room in the kitchen, and also allowing repairs or renewals without disturbing any of the brickwork of the house. The "Active Fortune Ranges" with "Hayes' Patent Hori- zontal Circulating Boiler" are manufactured only by this Com- pany. They were placed upon the market about four years ago, and sprang at once into popularity ; thev seemed to meet the demand exactly, especially in large building operations. In Phil- Thomas, Roberts, Stevenson Company's Stove Works City, which is equipped with a thoroughly efficient corps for the transaction of their business in all its departments. The goods manufactured by this company are of many hundred different patterns, necessitating the use of 300 pages of descriptive catalogue. Their manufactures are suitable for use in all parts of the world, being arranged to burn the different kinds of fuel that are found in the different sections. In speaking of the manufactures our attention was specially- attracted bv the "Active Fortune" series of ranges with "Hayes Patent Horizontal Circulating Boiler," and then by the "Gauze Door" stoves and ranges made under the "Giles F. Fillev Patent." In referring to these two specialties made in large quantities by this Company, which have revolutionized the stove manufacturing industry of the present time, we think it our duty to give to the public a few of the points claimed by the manufacturers. They claim that in manufacturing the "Gauze Door" stoves and ranges, thev have removed a great oversight of other manufactur- ers bv heating the oven in such mannerastopreserveall the juices or- iginally contained in the articles to be cooked. The false theory that the oven must be air-tight to roast or bake, has at last been thor- oughlv exploded. The loss of weight in meats in the "Gauze Door Range" is about seven per cent., whereas, in an old fashioned or closed oven door range, it is forty per cent. It is the greatest dis- covery of the age in the culinary art. adelphia and New York there are many thousands in daily use. The building community has recognized the "Active Fortune Range" as filling a want, owing to their simplicity, durability and superiority. The great feature of the "Active Fortune Range" is the "Haves' Patent Horizontal Circulating Boiler." which secures a quick sup- ply of boiling water and will furnish a much larger quantity of water at a temperature suitable for bathing than can be obtained from the ordinary upright circulating boiler. The convenient manner of locating these boilers, and the lack of expensive plumbing, and the ease with which they can be repaired, has caused their almost universal use by Imildersand archi- tects. One other great and important feature is that the "Active Fortune Ranges" require no brickwork to set them. The economy of fuel is remarkable. The conveniences embraced are recognized and appreciated by all observers. Those who buy and invest in houses have been especially attracted by the absence of expensive repairs. The manufacturers in addition state that the sales are increasing daily. These ranges are to be seen 011 exhibition at the Builders' Exchange, t8 to 24 South Seventh street, Philadelphia ; The Build- ing Materials Halls, 276 to 2S2 Washington street, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Institute of Building Arts, 63 and 65 Washington street, Chicago, 111.; and are for sale by dealers everywhere. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA NS. MANUFACTURERS. GEO. CAMPBELL & CO. The largest mills in Pennsylvania devoted to worsted yarn manufacture are those of George Campbell & Co. They are known as The Continental Worsted Mills and are situated on Washington avenue and Twenty-first street, Alter and Ellsworth streets. The house was established in i860, by Messrs. Campbell & Pollock. In 1SS0, this firm was succeeded by George Campbell & Co., and that is the title of the business to-day. The personnel of the present firm being George Campbell, J. D. Blackwood, A. R. Elsasser, and J. W. Albizitti. The members of the firm have been identified with the business since its conception, and they feel justly proud of the success that they have attained, believing it to be largely the result of their personal and individual energies, aided of course by skilled workmen and the most advanced inventions in machinery. put of the mills goes to all parts of the United States, for the yarns produced are recognized everywhere of superior standing, goods unsurpassed for quality, finish, and general excellence. Philadel- phia is justly proud of its numerous and extensive manufactories, among which the Continental Mills are among the foremost. It is a thoroughly Philadelphia concern, all those interested being citizens of Philadelphia. Mr. George Campbell, the head of the house, is Chairman of the Pennsylvania Woolen Company. He with his partners has always shown deep interest in whatever ap- pertains to our local and national prosperity. In business circles Mr. Campbell has a most enviable reputation. Much of the output of the house goes to Europe where there are large sales and the cablegrams from European customers are addressed "Campbell, Philadelphia, U. S." The quality of the yarns of this firm has proved during the George Campbell & Company's Works With close application and diligent study as to the best methods ot manufacturing worsted yarns, experience has taught them that in the diversified classes of goods into which worsted yarns enter they require the employment of both the French and Bradford sys- tems. Consequently the fitting up of the establishment with the very finest and latest improved machinery has been expensive to a large degree, but it was immediately evident that the money was well expended, the instant increase in business proving that fact beyond a doubt. The plant contains five sets of Bradford ma- chinery and the same number of French machinery as well as numerous other machines of American manufacture. All the firm are members of the Manufacturers' Club which clearly indicates their devotion to American interests. The mills as they now stand have a frontage on Washington avenue of 140 feet, a depth of 430 feet ex- tending back to Ellsworth street. The extensive machinery is driven by two Corliss engines of 500 horse power each, with a battery of eight boilers. Over 700 operators are employed, the work people being drawn from the most skilled in their trade. Three to four million pounds of wool are used annually. The out- last "quarter of a century the energy land resources of their manu- factory, and that goods produced by this house are produced equal to any imported. This is a fact which the trade has not been slow- to recognize finding that purchasers fully agree with them that it is foolish, expensive, and a waste of time to send abroad for worsteds. There is the largest possible variety in these yarns, every new shade is quickly introduced and dealers will find that at these mills they can satisfy the most delicate and peculiar tastes of their customers. Ladies now-a-days are using more and more of these domestic worsted yarns in the preparation of the various beautiful articles of which they are so fond, and with yarns for this purpose The Continental Worsted Mills are always supplied. By the applica- tion of all most improved systems in this manufacture it is impos- sible that the firm can fail to meet any demand as to quality, shade, or quantity. The operations of the mills are so carefully and systematically conducted that with its large quantity of im- proved machinery and its large force of operators, there is no delay in the filling of orders. It has only to point to its past record to give full assurance of what they can do in the future. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. MANUFACTURERS. JOHN WYETH & BROTHER The laboratories of Messrs. John Wyeth & Brother, Eleventh street and Washington avenue, are among the most noteworthv of our manufacturing interests in the southeastern section of the cit\ . Their name and the products of their establishment are as well known in the principal cities and towns of Europe, South America, Australia, East and West Indies, China and Japan, as to every medical man and drug house in the United States. In the spring of 1SS9 their entire plant mi Walnut street above Broad was destroyed by fire, involving the loss of over half a million of dollars. They at once leased extensive quarters, and almost immediately were able to supply a number of their most important preparations. Fortunately, all the prominent wholesale druggists most potent and nauseous remedies. With this house is identi- fied more closely than with any other the inauguration of what is aptly termed "Elegant Pharmacy;" and the bringing to the notice of the profession the new remedies which have recently nearly revolutionized the practice of medicine, they origi many important combinations, which are now being largclv used 1I11 oughout the world. The products of this house are exclusively <>f legitimate and standard medicinal preparations, their several departments, all separate and distinct, comprise the manufacture of fluid extracts, medicinal elixirs, wines, syrups, etc.; pepsin, pancreatin and food products, extract of malt. One of the most important branches of their business is the manufacture of compressed tablets, pills, lozenges, etc., and the it 2 fSilUfl 1 !!!! ■• ',-,1 ***JM'*;B§if sift « j n sT.^fr John Wveth & Brother-s Works throughout the country had large supplies 01 their products from which they could draw to meet pressing demands, so that their business was thus carried on with but slight interruption and little intermission. As soon as practicable they purchased their present site, and, after extensive alterations, in the following December occupied one of the most complete, substantial and perfectly appointed establish- ments in the world, replete with every convenience and mechanical appliances to facilitate their operations. Our representation of the buildings hardly conveys an accurate idea of the magnitude of this plant, having 350,000 feet of floor space in actual use. The firm employs over four hundred hands, about three hundred females and one hundred males. Their preparations are recognized and endorsed by the medical profession in all civilized countries, as well as by almost all State and National Pharmaceutical Associations, and to them is largely due the introduction of the present mode of administering our phenomenal favor with which they have been received is the best evidence of their value, the output of these averaging over 1,000,000 tablets per day. The machinery employed in this industry is of their own in- vention and construction. It rivals, if not surpasses, in delicacy, finish and minute accuracy, that designed and used in the United States Mint. Much prominence has lately been given to these tablets through Henry M. Stanley, the African explorer, whose entire medical outfit was composed of them. They are also very largely employed by the United States Army and Navy Medical Department; in fact, they have almost superseded every other form of manufactured pills. It is rarely a house makes such rapid strides in popular favor and wins the reputation that has attended their efforts ; established in 1S61, in 1891— just thirty years of a business career — it stands in the lead of our manufacturing chemists, its growth and magnitude one of the marvels of our city. 163 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA NS. MANUFACTURERS. A. G. ELLIOT & CO. The vast productive facilities of Philadelphia in the paper indus- ti \ , have been frequently presented. Reviews, statistics and accu- rate data in this branch of manufacture have been carefully com piled, and given from time to time, and the extent and vast variety of output fully covered. It is to her great capacities as a most important centre for receipt and distribution, that we would now- direct the attention of our readers. The strength of her position has always been acknowledged, though her claims have been gen- erally made in so unpretentious a manner as to incite rival cities to deny the immensity of her paper interests. Standing pre-eminent among our largest, oldest and most enterprising dealers, the house of A. G. Elliot & Co. will afford the reader one of the best arguments that we can offer. Mr. Elliot, head of the present firm, and whose portrait we pre- sent, made his first start in the paper industry in 1S63. Previous & Co. Upon the notification of J. G. Ditmau to the trade of his intention to sell, A. G. Elliot & Co. promptly became the pur- chasers, and thus added largely to their leading position among the dealers of this city. The energy and capacity evinced by the heads of this house is broad and manifest in every department of their large establishment. In the recent destructive fire in their ware- house, they, inside of an hour, secured another building and open- ing their mail were ready for business. Bv the prompt addition to their stock of every possible grade and line of products from the best manufacturers in the country, they have become recognized as a central point of supplies for printers, publishers, lithographers and manufacturing stationers in America. They are manufacturers, importers and jobbers, and are agents for cver\ leading mill throughout the country. In the man- ufacture and sale of vegetable parchment paper they fill a leading position in the trade. In the bills for United States, state and city government con- J. B. Mitchell to the war, Mr. Elliot had engaged in the banking business, leaving it to enter the army. On leaving the army he entered the paper house of Theo. Megargee & Co. , and before the end of the first year, by a diligent application to the business, he had so far mas- tered its details as to be admitted to a partnership in the then reor- ganizing firm. In 1S69, a dissolution took place, Mr. Elliot immed- iatelv establishing himself at 525 Minor street, and 512 and 514 North Front street. His commencement was modest, but by con- stant accessions of new facilities to supply a demand then rapidly increasing, and with vigorous enterprise, his trade rapidly assumed such proportions, that three years after, in 1872, he was compelled to remove to 26 South Seventh street, where he continued until 1S79. Another enlargement now became necessary, and the large building, 200 feet deep, at 727 Chestnut street, was the site selected. A remarkable fact with reference to the history of this house is the steady manner of its growth and uninterrupted expansion from its foundation until the present. In 1883, Joseph B. Mitchell, a pop- ular and able salesman who had been associated with the business since 1869, and brother-in-law of A. G. Elliot, was admitted to partnership, and the firm assumed the style of today, A. G. Elliot tracts for supplies, no inconsiderable quantity is awarded them. Their large five-story andbasement building, previously mentioned, 50x100 feet, with annex 3ox5ofeet, is stored from cellar to roof with paper of the greatest variety, warehouses on the wharf containing the chemicals and paper stock. Their export trade is also a large factor. As all transactions are under the direct control or personal supervision of Mr. Elliot, or Mr. Mitchell, advance is made with but little perceptible strain. Integrity, the making of haste slowly, the thoughtful plodding in the sure path of mercantile honor, the readiness to keep pace will] every fresh demand and facility, the enterprise in pushing forth to fresh fields of trade — these are the factors in the successful career of A. G. Elliot & Co. This house has undoubtedly assumed the position of enduring permanencv, and with its present and con- stantly increasing business of over $i. 000, 000 per annum, its widelj extended list of regular customers, and its financial solidity, bids fair to continue its growth and influence for many years in the field of supplies, occupying the position in the paper industry of one of the largest receiving and distributing points in these United States, and perhaps in the world. '6.1 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHTLADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. ELI KEEN'S SONS Philadelphia is celebrated for its hat factories and the excellent hats they turn out, and foremost in rank in this great industry stands the old and firmly established house of Eli Keen'-. Sons, No. 62 North Second street. The founder of this solid and profitable busi- ness was Mr. Eli Keen, who was born in Philadelphia in Decem- ber, 1824, his parents also being natives of the Quaker City. Young Keen began his experience in the retail hat store of Robert Maull. and he afterwards served his full apprenticeship to the late James Nickerson, who was at Ihe time one of the leading hat manufac- turers in the country. Having served his time, Eli Keen entered the employ of the late Charles Oakford, in whose establishment he was initiated into the highest class of hat making, and he became an expert salesman as well as a most proficient manufacturer of the best class of goods. Mr. Keen was industrious and of frugal habits. worn in the war of the Rebellion were supplied by the firm, as the majority of the contracts was awarded them by the government. The local trade grew very rapidly, and the business also extended to the South and West, in fact to all parts of the United States. The standard quality and reliability of their manufacture being the principal factor in causing their rapid and continued success. In [872 Mr. Adolph retired from active business, but he continued to be one of Philadelphia's best known and most esteemed citizens. The large business was continued bv Mr. Eli Keen, who ass< - eiated with him in the business his three sous, Alfred, who died in 1882, Edwin F. and Frank A. In [884 Mr. Eli Keen, having seen with pride the rapid growth of his great business, which he had himself founded upon such a modest and humble foundation, also retired from business and left the manufactory in the hands of his two surviving sons under the title of Eli Keen's Sons. The found- er of the industry went into retirement with a handsome fortune, Edwin F. Keen and he managed in a few vears to accumulate a small amount of capital. In 1S46 he joined forces with Alfred W. Adolph, also an experienced hat manufacturer. The two young merchants began business on North Second street, opposite Christ Church, and underneath the old Madison Hotel. The new firm prospered from the start, and the nucleus of a fine business was soon arrived at. After a few years the demands of business required larger premises, and Adolph & Keen went across the road and took a larger store a1 No. 62 North Second street. Fortune continued to smile on the young business men and in 1S61 they built the present large and handsome premises with factories in the rear extending over half a block. The new factory was considered the finest in the country, and it became a show place for business men visiting Philadelphia. In 1S66 it was illustrated in Frank Leslie's New York illustrated paper as a model establishment and a fine specimen of a great in- dustry. The business of the firm of Adolph & Keen now increased with marvelous rapidity and large contracts were taken. Nearly all the hats Frank A. Keen lint his active mind could not remain completely idle and he con- nected himself with several of the most solid financial establish- ments of the city, He was unobstrusive in manners, noted for his kindly temper and strictly honorable in all his transactions. At the time of his death he was a director of the Commonwealth Na- tional Bank and he was interested in many other public institutions both financial, literary and educational. In the meantime the two sons Edwin F. Keen and Frank A. Keen continued to conduct the great business which their father and Mr. Adolph had raised up by their petseverance, industry and integrity. By following in the footsteps of the founders, the young men have retained most of the old trade, and they arc con- tinually extending their territory and increasing the output. They arc worthy sons of a worthy father, and they are consolidate enlarging the great monument of trade which has been erected by- Mr. Eli Keen. Are members of various public organizations and have shown an active interest in all that appertains to the general welfare of the city. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHLLADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. WILLIAM WARREN GIBBS William Warren Gibbs, who is now one of the most prosperous business men in Philadelphia is a striking example of a self- made man. Commencing his business career as a helper in a feed store, he has by push and perseverance arrived at a position of great affluence, and has made for himself a name in the commercial world which will be handed down the corridors of time as an example to the rising generation of the rewards and benefits that are the sure accompaniments of hard work and honest methods. Mr. Gibbs was born in the village of Hope, Warren county, X. J., March 8, 1S46. His ancestors were among the earliest settlers of Rhode Island, and his mother, Ellen Vanatta was a sister of the late Hon. Jacob Vanatta, one of the leading lawyers of New Jersey, and once Attorney General of that State. Young Gibbs got as much learning as he could in the public schools, and at the age of fourteen he began life as a "boy helper" in a grain, flour and feed store, at Newark, N. J. A year after he secured a clerkship in a general country store in his native village. At the expiration of two years he went to Hackettstown, N. J., and for two vears he was with W. L. & G.'W. Johnson, and then with Jacob Welsh, Jr. He went to Hackettstown at the age of seventeen and at twenty-three he became Mr. Welsh's partner. Two years later his partner died and the business was wound up, young Gibbs going out into the world with a few thousand dollars, the reward of hard and honest work. In 1S71, Mr. Gibbs with three others started a retail drv-goods business, at Eighth avenue and 37th street, New York, under thename of Miles, Gillman & Co. He finally bought his partners out and conducted the business alone, but it was too slow and plod- ding fur his temperament and he sold out in two years with- out gaining or losing anything. He then tried the wholesale grocery business at No. 146 Reade street, New York, with the firm of Bauer, Gibbs & Co., but the venture was a failure, and in 1S75 Mr. Gibbs had to begin all over again without capital. Subsequently he became acquainted with Mr. Ferdinand King, an inventor, who had a patent for making gas from petroleum. A corporation wa< formed called the National Petroleum Gas Company, of New York. Mr. Gibbs was made president of the new company, and he was the controlling spirit, all the business passing through his hands. By ability, tenacity, shrewdness and un- tiring energy he gradually forced the company forward ami in seven years over one hundred works had been built in all parts of the country. In conjunction with Mr. W. G. Warden of the Standard Oil Company, Mr. Gibbs, in 1S82 succeeded in organizing the United Gas Improvement Company, of Philadelphia. Mr. Gibbs was Gen- eral Manager. Mr. Gibbs is largely interested in other enterprises. He superintended the building of the Pennsylvania, Poughkeepsie and Boston Railroad from Slatington, Pa., on the Lehigh River to Campbell Hall, N. Y., where connection is made with the Pough- keepsie Bridge system. Mr. Gibbs is also a director of the Pough- keepsie Bridge. In 18S6 he undertook the construction of the great Poughkeepsie Bridge. Mr. Gibbs married in October, 1S72, Miss Frances A. Johnson, daughter of George W. Johnson, one of his earlier employers. He has a family of six children, four daughters and two sous, and he resides in a haudsome residence at No. 1216 North Broad street. Wi 1AM W. TRYMBY, HUNT & COMPANY Trymby, Hunt & Company, Manufacturers, Importers, and Decorators, have one of the most attractive establishments devoted to these purposes in the city. The firm consists of E. D. Trymby, W. E. Hunt, and L. D. Williamson. The ware-rooms, offices and sales-rooms, i2ioand 1221 Market street, make up altogether one of the handsomest establishments of the kind in Philadelphia. The building is seven stories in height, constructed of iron to the second floor, and the five additional stories are of pressed brick with brown- stone trimmings. The rooms from the basement up are extraordi- narily large, and each floor is adapted to the display of special makes of furniture, etc. Their chief business as manufacturers, importers, designers, and in- terior decorators, is in furni- ture and curtains, upholstery, wood mantels, art novelties, and interior wood-work. One of the most important features are the beautiful side-tables, lamps, stands for artistic tea- kettles, etc. The firm deals heavih in all kinds of covered furniture, and in this particular they carry the largest made-up stock to be found in the city. Every article is fully guaran- teed to be as represented, and in proof of their endeavors the sales have constantly grown until those of the present year are greatly in excess of any previous length of time since the firm began business. The firm have their own designers, and sketches for ordered goods may be examined before the contract is concluded. rren Gibbs Xhe business was estab- lished in 1S64 by E. D. Trymby. In 1S82 Mr. W. E. Hunt became a partner. Employment is regularly given to 150 skilled hands. The large factory of the firm is located at Twelfth and Hamilton streets, Philadelphia, and in addition to their original designs there worked upon they have special agents throughout Europe to send them sketches of the latest novelties of Paris, Berlin, etc. Nothing, indeed, in the way of art furniture can be developed in Europe of which this firm is not quickly in- formed. Whenever they find it required, workmen skilled in any particular branch of their business who cannot be obtained in this country are at once sent for to Europe. The increasing business of this house shows the steadily increasing taste in all that goes to make home beautiful among the people of the United States. A haudsome carved wood mantel, a beautiful lamp, cannot be bought very cheaply, but nevertheless the sales of these articles and articles of the same character by this firm are enormous. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. MANUFACTURERS. JOHN BOWER & COMPANY This firm was established in 1865, consisting of John Bower, Frank Bower and Win. Entermann, and so continued until [875, when it was dissolved by the death of Mr. John Bower, and the business continued by his executors and the remaining partners until 1SS8, when Mr. Win. Entermann retired, leaving the estate of John Bower (represented by Mrs. John Bower and Chas. H. Bower i, and Frank Bower composing the present firm. This establishment is one of the largest and most complete of the kind in Philadel- phia, it covers an area of over 200 square feet and bounded by Twenty-fourth, Brown and Ringgold streets. Their retail market is one of the finest in Philadelphia, and they handle only fresh meats of their own killing and are at present slaughtering six to eight fine cattle weekly in addition to about 400 hogs per week the whole year through. During the winter of 1890 and 1891 they have made very extensive improvements by doing away with the old fashioned ice houses and putting in two large Ice Machines, built by the Buffalo Refrigerating Co., having a capacity of twenty- tons each per day. With this complete machinery they can cool the sixteen cellars in addition to three rooms above ground, having a temperature of 34 degrees to 36 degrees. In addition to the ice machines they have a 75 horse power Fitchburg Engine which runs the elevators, saws wood for smoke-houses and runs the chopping machines. The sausage department is located entirely separate, having a cement floor and kettles for cooking and smoke-houses, and is one of the most complete in Phil- adelphia. The principal business is the curing and smoking of hams, which is verv extensive and the rep- utation of the Bower Hams being second to none in the country. The establish- ment contains seven large smoke-houses which in summer time are taxed to their utmost in turning out the smoked hams. The lard made by this firm is strictly pure and kettle- rendered and like their hams is always standard and can be relied on. ness that in the year 1890 its sales surpassed in amount those of its more ancient competitors, French, Richards & Co. Since the consolidation this corporation justly claims to be the largest distributer to the retail drug trade in the United They are investing capital and giving attention to the importation of crude drugs in quantity, and are endeavoring to obtain for Phila- delphia its just share in the distribution of drugs in original pack- ages throughout the country. The enterprise of the corporation is evidenced by the fact that they have established large mills, com- plete with all modern requirements for grinding and powdering crude drugs and spices, and they are, therefore, enabled to offer ground and powdered goods of guaranteed purity at the lowest mar- ket prices. They have further started the manufacture of perfumes of a high grade that already hold a recognized position in the market. Eskay's handkerchief extracts are becoming a familiar name throughout the country. Their laboratory has been greatly increased to meet the demand made upon it for their products, and is in charge of competent pharmacists assisted by chemists of repute. The history of the corporation, before and since the consolida- tion, is identified with the history of Philadelphia, and the increase of the two establishments from small beginnings, and their con- tinual growth, is well-known to most of the older inhabitants of this citv. SMITH, KLINE & FRENCH COMPANY For many years past the manufacturing chemists of this city have been recognized as the largest in the country and they coufessedlv hold this advanced position to-day. Philadelphia has not, however, had a fair share in the distribution of their prod- ucts. For many years the well-known firm of French, Richards Co. , so long established at the corner of Tenth and Market streets, was the only house that had more than a local reputation. Their busi- ness extended to the Pacific coast and the Gulf. During their last years, however, they had a strong, enterprising, and aggressive rival in The Smith & Kline Company. Although the business of this latter house was more confined to local territory than that of French, Richards & Co., vet during the last year or two the aggre- gate of their sales was larger. In 1891 the business of French, Richards & Co. was wound up, owing to the death of its chief and founder, Clayton French, and the two houses (French, Richards & Co. and The Smith & Kline Company I were consolidated by the election of Harry B. French — the former managing partner of French, Richards & Co. — to the vice-presidency of The Smith & Kline Company. The latter changed its title to "Smith, Kline & French Company." The growth of The Smith & Kline Company has been almost entirelv due to the devotion to business of Mahlou N. Kline, the general manager of that company and the present general manager of The Smith. Kline & French Company. Entering into the con- cern as one of the chief officers when its outlet was extremely cir- cumscribed, he was enabled, by persistent attention to the business, progressive methods, and the determination to give satisfaction to its customers, to gain for the corporation such an increase of busi- John Bower & Company's Packing House PHILIPS, TOWNSEND & CO. The large and growing firm of Philips, Townsend & Co., manufacturers of wire nails, brads, tacks, es- cutcheon pins, staples and household nail boxes, at North Penn Junction, has the credit of being among the first in the countrv to manufacture wire nails on a large scale. The original members of the firm, Mr. Ferdinand Philips and Mr. David Townsend, were the pioneers. They began by designing all the special machinery fir the manu- facture, and they started in [883 uith a capacity of only seven machines. These were soon increased to twenty . and business increased so rapidlv that larger quarters were absolutely needed. Messrs. Philips&Townsend then took into partnership Messrs. Edward and Charles Rowland, both members of the old anil well-established firm of William and Harvey Rowland of Frankford. The new firm launched out into much greater devel- opments, a large and spacious factory was erected at North Penn Junction, adjoining the two lines of railroad leading to Philadelphia, and the capacity of the works was more than doubled. In a few years the capacity of the works has grown from one ton to forty tons a day, and now over one hundred of the original and specially designed wire nail machines are in constant work. The increase in the output again necessitated an addition to the plant, and a wire drawing department was built. In connec- tion with the main business there is also a department for making rivets, which has developed into a most important branch of the enterprise. The firm manufactures wire for their own use and for the market. Philips. Townsend & Co.'s rivets are known all over the country for their excellent quality, which is entirely due to the merits of the special machinery used in their manufacture. All these machines are the products of the ingenuity of Messrs. Philips & Townsend, and they are manufactured in the works. The firm has been successful in all its enterprises from a mechanical as well as a financial standpoint, and the members deserve the success they have attained. Thev are continually working out new designs for fur- ther manufacturing developments as necessity requires and times raav warrant. It is intended to still further increase the industry by the erection of a new rod mill and larye bolt and nut works. The North Penn works have increased with marvelous rapidity, and are likelv to become one of the most important industries in the great manufacturing city of Philadelphia. 167 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. TIDE-WATER OIL COMPANY This company enjoys the unique distinction of owning and operating the largest complete oil refinery in the world. At its vast plant may be seen the almost countless processes whereby the crude oil, after a subterranean pipe-line journey of more than three hun- dred miles, is converted into every known petroleum product. The company as it no"- exists is the oucgrowth of the Tide-Water Pipe Company, founded in 1879 by Byron D. Benson, David McKelvy, R. E. Hopkins, A. A. Sumner, Samuel Q. Brown, and others, men whose names in connection with the petroleum interests of Penn- sylvania are the synonyms of integrity, brains and indomitable pluck. Those conversant with the history of petroleum production and refining during the past two decades will understand the almost superhuman difficulties in the way of organizing an independent pipe-line for the gathering, transporting and refining of millions of barrels of crude oil, in the face of a determined and thor- oughly organized opposition with unlimited capital. The task was accomplished, — the Chester Oil Co., near Philadelphia, and the Ocean Oil Co., Polar Oil Co., and Lombard, ,\yres& Co., near New York, representing the refining interests of the organization. In [889 it was deemed advisable to consolidate these four refineries into one, with largelv increased capital, known as the Tide-Water ( )il Company, having offices in all the principal seaboard cities of the Atlantic coast, and foreign agents abroad. Millions of dollars have been spent on the re-organized refinery, which, covering nearly one hundred acres, embraces within its limits everything that science can suggest towards attaining the end kept foremost in view, namely, absolute perfection in its products. The superin- tendents, engineers, chemists, foremen, are all picked men, ac- knowledged facile princeps in their respective departments. Many special devices and processes are in use at this refinery, unknown elsewhere, the result of the inventive genius of its skilled em- ployees, and of the generous rivalry existing between the various departments. The result of this liberal and enlightened policy 011 the part of the management has been to place the " Tide-Water " brands in the lead in the markets of the world. Tide-Water Illuminating Oil is as well known in the interior of India, in Egypt, Java, China, Japan, and South America, as it is in the United States, Canada, Great Britain and Europe generally. It is called for wherever there is a demand for a perfect burning oil. The machinery, engine and cylinder oils of the Tide-Water Oil Company are in great demand among mechanical engineers, who have learned to appreciate their uniformity in quality and high degree of efficiency and economy in use. There is no problem in mechanics of greater interest, in its every aspect, than that of the reduction of friction to a mini- mum. Not only does the attainment of the greatest amount of efficient power from the fuel consumed largelv depend on proper lubrication, but in many cases, as on railway trainsand steamships, human lives are at stake. This department of refining has been brought to the highest perfection by the Tide-Water Oil Co. with the most gratifying results, especially in this country and in Europe. The Philadelphia offices and warehouses of the company are located at No. 38 North Delaware avenue, where a complete line of its products is kept in stock, to meet the demands of a large and constantly increasing local trade. B. H. CRAMP & CO. The great Brass and Bronze Foundry of Messrs. B. H. Cramp & Co., is not only the largest establishment of the kind in the United States, but the only one in America manufacturing what is known as manganese bronze, an alloy almost as strong as steel. The foundry is located at York and Thompson streets, Philadelphia, and the work includes brass and bronze castings of all kinds. The business was begun in 1885, exactly where the present buildings are now located. At the beginning the foundry was 30 by 60 feet, to day it is 65 by 125 feet with a lot 165 by 155 feet. At present there are 50 crucible furnaces with a capacity of 23,000 pounds, equaling at three melts per day 69,000 pounds of metal. One of the largest dimension pieces of brass ever undertaken by this or any other firm, was the main condensers for the United States Cruiser " Baltimore," and also for Cruiser No. 12, commonly known as the " Pirate." There are six castings for Cruiser " Balti- more," the combined weight of which is 12,604 pounds. A single brass casting weighing 4,317 pounds constitutes the main air pump for the "Baltimore." Up to the time that Messrs. Cramp & Co., commenced the manufacture of manganese bronze, all such work was imported. Now, the firm are turning out the very highest grade of this composition metal, and they call it the American. From it they have manufactured castings for screw propellers for two wheels each, for a number of United States vessels, among them the Vesuvius, Yorktown, Bennington, Concord, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Newark. Besides they have just added six spare blades for the above-named ships. Among other vessels may be mentioned the Mariposa and Torpedo Boat " Cushing." Throughout Europe this bronze is acknowledged as the most efficient non-corrosive alloy for screw propellers. By practical demonstration the physical strength of the alloy made by this firm is shown to be more than equal to that of the English production. The tensile strength for castings averages over 50,000 pounds per square inch with an elastic limit of 35,000 pounds, thus enabling them to make propeller blades fully 20 per cent, lighter than iron or steel ones. It is of course impossible to say what difference this reduction in the weight of propeller blades makes in the speed of the ship, but the ocean greyhounds of to-day came in with the use of manganese blades. For instance, the steamship "Caracas" of the Red D. Line supplied with the man- ganese blades made her first trip in 24 hours less than any previous record. So gratified were her owners that they equipped her sister steamer " Venezuela ' then building, with the manganese wheel. It is almost incredible, but Messrs. Cramp & Co. are prepared to show that the manganese wheels are even cheaper than the commonest grades of cast iron. It must certainly be a source of great gratification to ah Americans to recognize that the Messrs. B. H. Cramp & Co. have distanced all European manufacturers in the quality of their manganese bronze. The proprietors are practi- cal brass founders, and to that fact they are proud to claim they owe their great success. They understand the most advanced require- ments of modern furnace plants, and have the capital and energy to meet them. Thev invite an inspection of their foundry In- all those interested in the progress of American metallurgical interests. Tne firm have now orders to supply a number of other mer- chant vessels, among them the Westerulaud and Noordland. The William Cramp & Sons, Ship and Engine Building Com- pany, have made very severe tests of castings of manganese bronze, and the tables show the most satisfactory results. In a comparison of tests of castings of manganese bronze the subjoined figures are self-explanatory: At Zurich 41,250, English about 40,000, B. H. Cramp & Co.'s " Vesuvius " averaged 48,000. This firm have already received the order from the Cramp Ship Building Co., to supply manganese propeller wheels for all the steam vessels now building at the yards of that firm including the men-of-war under construction for the Government. They have received from the William Cramp & Sons, Ship and Engine Building Co., reports upon seven tests made from castings furnished by them as follows : — \rea in Broke at Strain Limit of Elas Limit of El; Diameter. sq. in. in lbs. in lbs. ticity in lbs. ticity per sq. hi in 11 .625 .3068 M.Sso 4.S.403 8,300 27.053 .631 •3127 tS.Sio 60,154 10,500 33.579 •6325 .3142 13.050 41.534 8,400 26,735 .625 .3068 14,725 47.995 94or- 30,659 .62 s .3048 14,230 46.686 8 200 26,903 .625 . v 168 13.810 45.013 9.500 30.965 .625 .3068 M.350 46.773 S,75o 28,520 Average... 48,079 28,199 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. Elongation in Elongation, percent. Area of Reduced Reduction percent. 2 inches of Original Length. Section in sq. in. of Original Section. 17 8-5 ■2734 10.9 25 12.5 .2827 9.6 16 8. .2922 7- 13 6.5 .2809 8.4 2 10. •2 734 10.3 12 6. .2762 10. 21 10.5 86-7 •2734 10.9 Q4- The following testimonial is only one of the many received, and as it represents a prominent firm of sugar refiners of Philadel- phia it is given entire: — Philadelphia, December 12, 1SS9. Messrs. B. H. Cramp & Co. Dear Sirs: — In reply to your inquiry as to the results obtained with the propeller furnished us in Cuba, our correspondents write us as follows : ' ' The Manganese Bronze Propeller Wheel which you sent us is giving us very satisfactory results. Our steam lighter ' Trills ' can make with it three miles more per hour than the old propeller when new." We are glad we can send you such a satis- factory report. You may make any use of it you may deem proper. Very truly, George M. Newhall Engineering Co. [Limited]. GILLINGHAM, GARRISON & CO. [Limited] The saw-mill and lumber business was established by Jonathan Wainwright and Samuel H. Gillingham at Beach and Hanover streets, Kensington, in 1830, under the name of Wainwright & Gillingham. The}' continued in the business of sawing white pine, oak and hemlock timber from the head- waters of the Delaware river, and when it was exhausted, from the Susquehanna river, and sawed it into ship building timber, girders, etc., until 1S52. Samuel H. Gillingham then bought the property on Richmond street, near Norris, and built a mill, Mr. Wainwright continuing the business at the old place with his sons. In February, 1854, Samuel H. Gil- lingham died, and his son, Joseph E., conducted the business for the estate for one year. In 1855 the firm of Gillingham & Garrison was formed, consisting of Joseph E. Gillingham and David R. Garrison. In addition to the saw-mill business they purchased tracts of timber in Clearfield and Cambria counties, Pa., from which the} - cut and rafted large quantities of timber. They also purchased from others many rafts of white pine and oak, all of which, and many others belonging to other saw-mill men, they rafted down the Susquehanna to Port Deposit, thence across Chesapeake Bay and through the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal to the Delaware river, and up it to Philadelphia, stopping enough there to supply their own mills, and taking the balance to points in New Jersey, New York and New England, to sell and deliver. The pur- chase and transportation of this timber required large capital and the employment of many men. In 1876 they gave Richard Torpin, Jr., George Warner and Courtland Y. White an interest under the firm name of Gillingham, Garrison & Company, Limited, who still con- tinue the business. The Susquehanna timber becoming scarce the new firm bought and sold yellow pine timber and lumber from Georgia and others points in the South, and did a large wholesale and retail business in lumber from all accessible points, including spruce from Maine, fir and red wood from Oregon, white pine from Pennsylvania aud Michigan, and oak from Delaware and West Yirginia. The saw-mills, lumber yard and planing mills of the firm are situated at 943 Richmond street, Philadelphia, where the business is continued on a large scale with every facility for filling orders or contracts for manufactured lumber. R. D. WOOD & CO. The history of the rise and progress of the iron trade in this country is so closely associated with the interests of this extensive manufacturing plant that any reference to the iron trade must needs make mention of Messrs. R. D. Wood & Co. The inception was at Millville, N. J., in 1S03, when David C. Wood first started his charcoal iron furnace, making a fine grade of pig iron. After some success here the business became unprofitable, and he devoted his energies to the manufacture of iron pipe. This plant has been in active operation almost continuously since that time. In 1847 the capacity was greatly enlarged, and Mr. R. D. Wood became a mem- ber of the firm, under the style of R. D. Wood & Co. They manu- facture all kinds of iron castings, stoves, pipe, lamp posts, railings, and in fact everything in this line, much of the iron work in the older portions of the city being the product of this house. In 1867 the capacity was again increased through the purchase of a foundry at Florence, N. J., which was the outgrowth of the charcoal furnace operated by Mr. Richard Jones at Hanover, N. Y. In 1S67 Mr. Richard D. Wood died, and he was succeeded by his sons, Messrs. Richard, George, Walter and Stuart Wood. Since that time it has been entirely under their management, and the success has been largely due to their careful and conservative business methods. In 1SS3 the plant was agaiu increased by the purchase of the works formerly operated by Jesse W. Starr, at Camden, N. J. These latter are one of the largest of the kind in the country, and are in every way fitted with the newest and best machinery. Their manu- factories are now located at three different places, Camden, Florence and Millville. During the past quarter of a century the business has largely increased, and has indeed built up a national reputation, and every effort is made to keep the product fully eqinl, both in quality and quantity, to the demands of this progressive country. Their patent fire-plug is now in use in more than two hundred cities in the United States. It is a most important invention, and is of great help to firemen in extinguishing fires. Notable among their productions is their patent "gas holder," built for any required capacity, which they have supplied to gas companies in nearly every large city. The features of the holder are that it stands unrivalled for security, dur- ability aud economy. Another department of manufacturing to which much attention has been paid is the erection of water worts for the supply of cities. In the Fairmount Water Works of this city they have placed seven turbines, three of which are the largest in existence. In addition to the lines already mentioned, the manu- facture of iron pipe is carried on to a large extent. At the present time, thev have on hand a large contract to supply all the pipe necessary in the citv of Seattle, Wash. Their trade has no boundary limits, extending all over the country, besides a large export busi- ness to Central and Sonth America, Mexico and Canada. 169 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. WILLIAM LUKENS ELKINS In the building up of the material growth and commercial interests of Philadelphia, few men have been more active and en- terprising, and none more eminently successful than William Lukens Elkins, and he is universally acknowledged to be one of the most sagacious and enterprising capitalists of the city. He was born in West Virginia, May 2, 1832, of Quaker parentage and Welsh-English descent. His father was George W. Elkins, one of the earliest paper manufacturers of the country. William L. Elkins came with his parents to Philadelphia in 1840 where he received his education in the public schools, supplemented by hard study during leisure hours. In 1853 he formed a partnership with Peter Saybolt, under the name of Saybolt & Elkins, at Second and Callowhill streets, and in coujuctiou with their New York branch, they successfullv conducted what was then, doubtless, the largest produce business in the country. In 1S60 he became sole proprietor and carried on the business until the "Oil Fever" broke out in 1S61, when he sold out the busi- ness. Believing that a certain source of profit lay in the re- fining of crude oil, he became one of the pioneers in that branch of industry. He pur- chased several small refiner- ies, known as the " Park," the "Monument" and " Heston- ville" and subsequently he bought another plant which had been established at Lan- caster avenue and 50th streets, and soon afterwards he leased the refining establishment known as the "Belmont" Oil Works, thus securing the en- tire control of this business in Philadelphia. At this time his product aggregated about 600 barrels per week, but his tact and energy soon increased the output to over 20,000 barrels per month. The first gasoline ever pro- duced was made at his works and soon afterwards it became an important factor of his out- put. Notwithstanding the great precautions taken, the works were several times de- stroyed by fire, but after each disaster he rebuilt at once on a more extensive scale than before. In May, 1875, Mr. Elkins formed a co-partnership with the Standard Oil Company for ten vears, the Company buying a half interest in the business and receiving half the profits, but in 1S80 he disposed of his entire interest to the Standard Com- pany, receiving stock of the Company for the same, but giving up all active participation in the business. Important, however, as this enterprise became, Mr. Elkins is best known for his extensive oper- ations and enterprises in connection with the late W. H. Kemble and Peter A. B. Widener, in the extension of street car facilities in this city. He and his associates, with full confidence in Philadelphia's future, invested largely in street railway stock, and conceived the idea of forming a controlling company which would operate a num- ber of the most profitable lines in the city, and by pooling the in- terests of various companies, be enabled to economize in the oper- ating expenses, and thus act as feeders to each other. The result of their deliberations was the formation of the Philadelphia Traction Company, which now controls by lease and owns the lines of the Union Passenger Railway Company ; the Continental line ; the Philadelphia City Passenger Railway Com- pany, known as the Chestnut and Walnut Street line; the West Philadelphia Passenger Railway Company or Market Street line; and the Twelfth and Sixteenth "Streets line, and their cars run to everv part of the city except to the extreme northwestern limits. With Mr. Widener, Mr. Elkins has also been extensively engaged in building operations. They purchased large tracts of ground in the northwestern central part of the city and erected thereon a great many handsome and imposing residences, thereby largely adding to the attractiveness of the city and to the taxable value of property in that localitv. He has been an active worker for the Republican party, but has never sought or held public office, with the exception of the position of Colonel on the staff of General Hartranft and as Commissioner to represent Philadelphia at the Vienna Exposition of 1873 D y appointment of Mayor Stokely. He is a member of the F. & A. M. and of the Union League, and President and Director in many Railway, Gas Light and Rail- road companies and Banks in this and other parts of the country. He is genial and courteous in his manner and is of a decided social temperament, but devotes most of his leisure moments to his home, a model husband and a devoted father. THE PERSEVERANCE WOOD-WORKING MILL These works are among the most prominent and successful in their line in the city, and have won a national reputation by the excellence of their product, both in design and workman- ship. The business w-as origin- ally started 111 March, 18S0, by Mahlon Fulton, but it after- wards became the firm of Mahlon Fulton & Co. , by the admittance of Geo. W. Greene, Charles Gillingham and Mah- lon Fulton, Jr. The works are located at 16 15 North Ninth street, as are also the offices, and to the trade they are fa- miliarlv known as "The Per- severance W o o d -W o r k i n g Mill." They were completely destroyed by fire on January 26, 18S4. A larger and one of the most complete establish- ments of its kind in the coun- try was erected and in opera- tion on April 26, 18S4, just three months from the day the fire fiend visited and destroyed the old plant. The new mill has a costly and complete equipment of the most modern machinery for turning out all kinds of wood-work used in the construction of buildings, including mantels, wardrobes, artistic decorations, and bank and office fixtures and furni- tures. The equipment of the building also includes automatic sprinklers and other devices for extinguishing fires. Among the many prominent buildings fur- nished with the products of the company are the Gladstone Apart- ment House, House of Refuge buildings at Glen Mills, Delaware county ; Deaf and Dumb Asylum at Chestnut Hill, Bullitt Building, Art Club, Provident Life and Trust Company, Independence Na- tional Bank, Market Street National Bank, Penn National Bank, Ninth National Bank, Insurance Company of North America, Swarthmore College, Park Theatre, Marks Bros'. Stores, Union League Annex, and buildings Nos. S and 10 Girard College. The artistic work of the company can also be found in these, among many others, private dwellings: Geo. W. Elkins and Geo. D. Wid- ener, Broad above Girard avenue ; John C. Bullitt, Twenty-second above Walnut ; Isaac Clothier, Wynnwood ; James Mott, Radnor ; Robert Glendenniug, Twentieth and Spruce streets ; Mrs. Bories, Twelfth and Sausom streets; M. Ehret, Jr., Sixteenth and Alle- gheny avenue; John Osgard, Newport, R. I.; Chas. Dawson, Charl'estown, W. Va., and Brooklyn Riding and Driving Club, Brooklyn, N. Y. William Lukens Elkins PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. P. A. B. WIDENER Philadelphia presents but few instances of greater success in business than that of Peter A. Brown Widener, one of the city's most prominent, active and far-seeing capitalists, who, with his business associates has done much not only to improve their own city, but, by their ventures in the way of developing the street car traffic of other cities have established for Philadelphia an enviable reputation for enterprise and business acumen. While their under- takings arc entered into primarily with a view to theirown personal profit and advantage their projects invariably inure to the benefit of the community by enhancing the value of property and adding to the convenience of the public. Mr. Widener was born in Philadelphia, November 13, 1S34. He is of German extraction and his parents were in but moderate circumstances. He received his earlier education at the Coates Street Grammar School and then attended the Central High School for two years. After leaving that in- stitution he learned the busi- ness of a butcher, and suc- cessfully conducted it for a number of years. He early- evinced an interest in and de- veloped an aptitude for poli- tics and took an active part in the contests, particularly in local affairs, and soon became prominent in the councils of the Republican party, witli which organization he has al- ways acted. In 1872 he was appointed to fill the unexpired term of City Treasurer Joseph F. Mar- cer, and in [873 he was elected to succeed himself in that of- fice. After the expiration of his term as City Treasurer he turned his attention to the de- velopment of street railroads. In 1S75 Mr. Widener, Mr. Wm. L. Elkins and Mr. Win. H. Kemble had obtained a controlling interest in one of the most important street railways in Philadelphia and they soon demon- strated that with intelligent and judicious management the busi- ness could be made exceedingly profitable. The road under their control proved very successful, and the spirit of enterprise aud bus- iness ambition prompted them in conjunction with Mr. Wm. H. Kemble to secure control of other lines not only in Philadelphia, but in other large cities until to-day the management of the various roads in which he and his immediate associates hold an interest embraces a greater mileage and equipment than is controlled by a similar syndicate probably in the world. Much of the success of these business arrangements is due to the keen foresight, careful supervision of details and excellent judg- ment of Mr. Widener. As a cardinal feature of assuring continued prosperity in these particular lines of investment he has always aimed to place in positions of trust and responsibility those who have proved themselves capable and worthy, and by virtue of cour- teous, just and generous treatment he has secured the sendees of a staff of employees for the companies who are as true as steel, loyal and competent, and whose fitness and capacity for their posts have been amply demonstrated. The syndicate of which Mr. Widener is one of the most active members controls over 527 miles of street railway in the different cities.of this country. Of this 200 miles are in Philadelphia, 229 miles in Chicago, over 49 miles in New York, 35 miles in Balti- more, and 14 miles in Pittsburgh. Mr. Widener was married on August iS, 1858, to Miss H. Jos- ephine Dunton, and the union has been a very happy one, for Mrs. Widener is indeed a helpmeet to her husband, presiding over his household with grace and dig- nity and as almoner of his wealth, dispensing judiciously yet with a liberal hand a bountiful charity. Three chil- dren have been born to them, all boys, two of whom are liv- ing. George D. Widener, the second son, is married to a daughter of his father's friend and business associate, Wm. L. Elkins, and is associated with his father in many of the ex- tensive enterprises in which he is interested. The youngest son is just entering manhood and both do credit to their bringing up and opportunities. Mr. Wiilener has traveled extensively both in this coun- try and abroad. He has a large and well selected library with the contents of which he is familiar aud through his trav- els and wide reading is unusu- ally well-informed on a wide range of topics. He is a most interesting conversationalist anil is also a ready, forcible and convincing speaker. The late venerable Joseph Sailer, who was for many years the financial editor of the Public Ledger, frequently referred to Mr. Widener and Mr. William H. Kemble as being better informed than any other two men in Pennsylvania as to the finances of both State and City, and remarkably able and shrewd judges of the financial value of any proposed enterprise. Mr. Widener is a firm friend and one who does not forget a favor. He is not spoiled by his wealth and success in life and is as accessible now as when a comparatively poor man. Many an old friend has been the recipient of a timely hint or frequently a still more substantial evidence of the fact that Mr. Widener's friendship was more than a mere sentiment. He is a genial, kindly man with a large circle of warm personal friends, and withal is one of the keenest, most industrious and far-sighted of the enterprising capi- talists who have re-established the reputation of Philadelphia for enterprise, solidity and push. Peter A. Brown Widener PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. ATLANTIC REFINING COMPANY J. C. McNAUGHTON & COMPANY When the Atlantic Refining Company, of Philadelphia, was or- ganized a little more than twenty years ago, the largest refineries were in the interior of the State and the Petroleum industry in the city was in its infancy. At the time of the organization of the Atlantic Refining Company, the finished product was brought from the Western refineries and exported from the docks of the Atlantic Pe- troleum Storage Company, situated at Point Breeze, on the Schuyl- kill river. It was then thought wise to bring the Petroleum forward in its crude state to be refined at the seaboard. For several years the oil was brought in barrels, then tank cars were introduced, only to be in a great measure superseded by Pipe lines, by means of which the oil is transported in the most convenient and expeditious manner, with less trouble than by either of the other methods. To-day there are pipe lines starting in the oil regions which bring the crude Petroleum direct to Philadelphia. The score of years that have elapsed since the organization of the Atlantic Refining Company have witnessed great changes in the character and volume of the business. Their accommodations and conveniences have naturally increased and they now handle and refine the crude Petroleum with the utmost ease and dispatch. At the outset 25 acres of land lying adjacent to Point Breeze were considered sufficiently large as a field of operation. At this writing the Company's plant occupies something like 150 acres of grouud with 1500 to 1800 men constant- ly employed. The Company's works includes every modern im- provement. The works proper comprise its distilling and refining plant with a completely equipped Paraffine works devoted exclusive- ly to the manufacture of Paraffine products, and a Gasoline plant. They have their own barrel and can factory where the packages used in carrying oil are manufactured. In fact every detail of the business in all its branches is under the immediate control and oversight of the Company. For a number of years the manufactur- ed products were all exported by wooden ships, the oil being pack- ed either in barrels or tin cases. Now, however, there is a decided change in the method of carrying, and the largest part of the busi- ness is done by Bulk Steamers. The system is preferable in every sense. These steamers are safer and more economical to the trade, both to the shipper and to the receiver. Steamers are especially constructed for carrying oil in bulk, being made up of a number of tank compartments. The business of the Atlantic Refining Com- pany has of course its most important connections in Pennsylvania, and it is one of the most important industries in the State. It sends its oil all over the country, and to England, Germany, Italy, the East Indies, Japan, etc. Indeed its foreign trade is one of the Company's most important features. The headquarters for its local business in and around Philadelphia is at 125 Arch street. This department is in charge of a special manager, and all of what is termed local business is there handled. Naturally the sending of oil in bulk has added largely to the shipping business of the city, and the number of vessels engaged in this trade is steadily increasing. The general offices of the Com- pany are located at 32S Chestnut street, in the Brown Building. The officers are, President, Mr. William G. Warden, Vice-President, Mr. Malcolm Eloyd, General Manager, Mr. Norris W. Harkness, Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. Charles E. Bushncll. This Company are large dealers in lumber and railroad ties which is a specialty in their business. Last year the demand for their standard oak ties was very large. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company handling over a half million. The}' are also largely in- terested in the manufacturing of North Carolina pine lumber, which is now taking the place to a very large extent of white pine for building purposes. They have two very large mills in North Caro- lina, that are now manufacturing lumber for this special trade. It is only a few years ago that this lumber had only a value for box purposes, but since the drying kilns have been introduced the lum- ber is now extensively used for flooring and finishing work. This class of lumber is now being extensively used throughout the eastern market and much of it is being shipped to the western country. The Company also handle pine ties which are received from further Southern States, viz : Georgia and Florida. Some of our railroad companies are using them instead of the oak ties. They are selling a little less in price than the standard oak ties. They also handle considerable pine wood which is purchased by dealers for kindling purposes ; this is received in the City of Philadelphia from vessels that come from the State of Virginia. The mills of the Company are located, one at Rosebay and the other on the Atlantic Coast Line, Martin County, N. C. Mr. McNaughton was born at Juniata, Perry County, Pa. He is the President and Treasurer of the Company, and is also an honored member of the Masonic order, Crescent Lodge 493. His nephew, Mr. Moss, is Vice-President, and Mr. W. F. Bane, Secretary. The business has been established since 1868 in the City of Philadelphia, and their sales last year amounted to between $500,000 to $600,000. The Office of the Com- pany is located at 216 South Third street. VIRGINIA LUMBER COMPANY The Company is one of recent establishment, having been organized under the State laws of Virginia, with a capital of $150,- 000, on October 11, 1S89, and yet so successful has been its man- agement that it is rapidly forging to the front as one of the leading establishments of its kind in the country. Its offices were formerly located in the Bullitt Building, on South Fourth street, but owing to their desire to carry a stock of certain lines of their manufacture, they recently removed to 228 Dock street. A. B. Nichols is presi- dent of the company, and Charles Barrington its secretary- and treasurer. The mills — saw and planing mills — are located at Gra- ham, Tazewell county, Va., and at the present time the Company is having constructed a large furniture factory, having decided some time ago to add that industry to its others. That this venture will be as successful as the original one does not admit of a doubt, their present facilities being such as to enable them to run the furniture department with only a slight additional outlay. Another advan- tage lies in the fact that the Company owns or controls the timber on 27,000 acres of land tributary to their mills, which includes many varieties of trees from which nearly all kinds of wood-work can be manufactured. Among them are the famous Virginia oak and poplar, the latter being of the fine, soft canary variety, while the oak in quality and texture is specially adapted for the manufac- ture of furniture and all kinds of house-furnishing work. But in addition they have a liberal supply of ash, walnut, chestnut and maple of a very fine and durable quality. Possessing as they do these facilities (the saw and planing mills must not be overlooked), it is readily seen that the Company can become formidable compet- itors in the manufacture of furniture and kindred articles. The mills now in operation have a capacity of sawing and planing 9,000,000 feet of lumber per year ; and the output includes rough and dressed mouldings, sidings, floorings, casings, wood turnings of every description, etc. The machinery in use is of the latest and best m^ke, and the hands employed are skilled mechanics. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PIIILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. EMERALD COTTON MILLS CREW, LEVICK COMPANY The Emerald Cotton Mills, located now in Frankford, Phila- delphia, were established by their present owner, Joseph Greer, at Twenty-third and Filbert streets. They remained at the orig- inal location for about four years, removing to the southern part of the city, where they continued for nine years. At that time they changed to Kensington, where thc\- continued op- erations for about eight years, when the establishment was de- stroyed by fire. Possessed, however, of great confidence in the final results of the business, and full of energy, and understanding the work, the owner purchased the Weltshire Mills, owned by Messrs. Greenwood & Ball. This is the site upon which they are now located, at Frankford, and where they have erected factories and shops for the various departments, complete in every detail and fully capable for every demand which might be made upon them. Their principal output is every variety of cotton goods and worsted goods. Suitings of various grades are also manufactured in large quantities. The house sells its own goods directly to the trade. It employs 1 75 people of both sexes. The capacity of the establishment is from 5600,000 to §700,000 per year. Mr. Greer is also a member of the Berkshire Manufacturing Company (limited), operating the Berkshire Mills, employing over 400 hands and manufacturing cot- ton goods entirely. Mr. Greer in his two establishments alone now employs 575 hands. Iu 1870 there were six manufactories of these goods in Philadelphia, with a steam power of 541 horse power, worked by 658 men and 12 women. It is undoubted that the works of Mr. Greer to-day exceed iu every respect the combined manufactures as shown by the census of 1870. Machinery for the manufacture of textile fabrics is produced to six times the extent it was ten years ago and in far higher and more costly forms. Much of the machin- ery used iu such manufactories as that of Mr. Greer is made in Phil- adelphia. The costly jacquard loom, as well as innumerable other machines for spinning, knitting, sewing and folding, are in use at the Emerald and Berkshire Mills. In this manufacture there are constant improvements in the machinery, etc., and to keep up in this respect is the heaviest cost of expense. Not only is it neces- sary to be continually purchasing new machines, but the buildings themselves must be altered and enlarged to meet the additional re- quirements. In this respect, as in all others, Mr. Greer is fully equal to the demands made upon him, and hesitates at no expense to adapt and utilize the latest improvements. The first record we have of the manufacture of cotton and woolen goods in Philadel- phia is in 183S. Since that time the improvements in what may lie called the implements of the trade are remarkable. The old method for the printing of cotton from blocks was superseded iu 1809 by machinery imported from England. The improvements after that, though gradual, were important, so that when the Emer- ald Mills were established they had little difficulty in obtaining the best mechanical implements, of both home and foreign make. Of course a considerable outlay of money was required from time to time, but the result fully justified the expense. Immediately after the introduction of machinery one man and two boys were able to print 10,000 yards of cloth or 50,000 children's handkerchiefs in a single day. This was considered remarkable, and so it was as over the old fashioned method, but it is a ridiculously small result as compared with the output of the Emerald and Berkshire Mills of to-day. Another wonderful result, so considered in these early times, was when cotton and linen goods were stained and dyed iu one color. This now-a-days is one of the most simple of all the processes in such mills as those owned and presided over by Mr. Greer. The first looms built for weaving cotton lace were started in 1S10. About this time also power looms for weaving satinets, and these were the first ever used in Pennsylvania for that purpose. It is exceedingly interesting to consider these early efforts in the manufacture of cotton goods and compare them with the wonder- ful machines now in operation in the Emerald and Berkshire Mills. There is scarcely a month in which there is not a notable advance in the construction of some of the intricate machinery used. The main office of the Emerald Mills is located at Oxford and Worth streets, Frankford, Philadelphia. Mr. Greer is one of the prominent members of the Manufac- turers' Club. Though a thorough plain spoken man of business he is socially very popular. At the Manufacturers' Club he is closely attentive at the business meetings whenever matters affecting the interests of American trade are considered. He is thoroughly American in all his feelings, and being so well informed in the par- ticular business in which he is most interested, his views arc always heard with the utmost respect and consideration. In the year 1862, J. Lewis Crew, of Philadelphia, first be- came interested in the refining of petroleum. In the year 1870, he was succeeded by Crew, Moore & Levick, on the admission of John W. Moore and Lewis J. Levick ; they continued for a number of years when the firm of Crew, Levick & Company was organized on their purchasing the Seaboard Oil Works, located at South Chester, Pa. In 18S9, J. Lewis Crew retired and Lewis J. Levick purchased his partners' interest and, in conjunction with F. W. Hammett and George W. Elkins, the Crew, Levick Company was incorporated iu 1890, with a capital of $200,000. The following interests were then consolidated : Crew, Levick Company ; Sea- board Oil Works, of South Chester ; Aetna Oil Company, and the Pennsylvania Oil Company, Limited. In 1891, the capital stock of the Company was increased to $750,000, and, at the same time, the following interests were purchased and became the property of the Company : Muir Oil Company, Limited, and the Glade Filtering Works, both located at Warren, Pa. In addition to this they purchased a large producing property situated iu what is known as the " Tioua " field, which yields an oil that is worth nearly double that of any other Pennsylvania crude. It commands the highest premium paid on crude oil. This high value is due to the superior products which may be manufactured from it, and also because of its limited supply. This Company has also its own gas territory connected by pipe with its works, which furnishes the fuel they require. A large amount of capital is also invested iu many miles of pipe lines which connect their oil wells with the refineries. They have a number of tank cars which enables them to ship their products in bulk to all parts of the country at the minimum rates of freight. This firm was among the first to introduce American petroleum products in Europe, which was done nearly twenty years ago, and their business has been steadily increasing since that time. They now have branch houses in Liverpool, London, Paris, Antwerp, and Fraukfort-on-Main, Germany, and are represented by agents in other cities of Europe. Their trade extends also throughout the United States and various parts of South America. Their offices are located in Philadelphia and New York. They have a number of distributing stations from which a great many thousand barrels of their illuminating oils are distributed by their tank wagons. The principal office in Philadelphia has been located at No. 113 Arch street, for nearly twenty-five years. Their refineries at Warren, Pa., were recently built and con- taiu the latest mechanical improvements for refining and manu- facturing nearly all grades of petroleum products. Their refinery at South Chester has also recently been much enlarged. Its shipping facilities are excellent as it is situated on the Delaware river, and both the Philadelphia & Reading and Pennsylvania Railroads run alongside the property. The company also controls the sale of the products of the Warren Linoline and Gasoline Works. The output of all their works meets with a constant and ever increasing demand. The Philadelphia Directors of the company are connected with the Board of Trade ; they are also individually identified with the " Manufacturers' Club " and the " LT n ion League," and have shown a warm interest in the " Bourse " and a number of other organiza- tions looking to the development of Philadelphia interests. The directors residing at Warren, Pa., are prominent citizens of that place, and are also among the largest owners of oil pro- ducing territory in that section of the State, and have been identi- fied with the refining of petroleum for nearly twenty years. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHIL A DELPHI A NS. MANUFACTURERS. D. JAYNE & SON ing years the others comprised in the well-known list ; that year, 1831 —sixty years ago— marking the commencement of the business of Of the many large manufacturing and mercantile houses in the present house. Desiring a wider field, one presenting greater Philadelphia, of which, owing to the interest taken by them in all opportunities for expansion, Dr. Jayne removed, in the year 1836, to that pertains to the growth, prosperity and adornment of the city, Philadelphia, purchasing a drug store located at No. 20 South Third and the increase and permanence of her every material, business and street, and there, combining its conduct with a General practice in other interests, her citizens have just reason to be proud, few the line of his profession, he completed the foundation, sure and houses can exhibit a continuity of business life as great, a range of deep, of the proprietary medicine business, which, as the vears operations extending so closely over our own and foreign lands, or rolled on, attained such magnitude. The increase in this latter methods that so thoroughly bring to the very homes of the millions soon caused him to relinquish all general practice, and to devote of people the name and fair fame of our goodly city of Philadelphia as the old firm of Dr. D. Jayne & Son, in the full activities of business life at No. 242 Chestnut street. Of the life of the foun- der of this house, David Jayne, M.D. , a short sketch will be given. Born in the year 1798, in Monroe coun- ty, Penna., near the village of Bushkill, the son of a respected and well-known Baptist clergyman, the Rev. Jibeuezer Jayne, the boy had little opportunitv for obtaining an education other than that afforded by the common schools of the day, which was poor in- deed. But not satisfied therewith, and nerved by the indomitable ambition within him, which mani- fested itself so forcibly throughout his after life, he entered upon a severe course of self-culture which fitted him for a higher David sphere than that of a me- chanic, which his father had intended for him, and enabled him, after pursuing a course of study in medicine under the guidance of a proper preceptor, and in the lecture courses of the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, to enter into the practice of medicine in the year 1825, in Cumberland, and after- wards in Salem county, N. J. , fields that promised little of pecuniary reward, but plenty of opportunity to acquire a practical knowledge of disease in its various forms, and the methods and remedies best adapted to its treatment and removal. The school was a severe one, but the success that attended his after life attested the value of the knowledge thus gained, and the excellent use he made of it. In the year 1831 he introduced the first one of the proprietarv medicines with which his name is associated, and in the near follow- what time he had to spare for patients to such as could come to his office ; but such was his love for his profession that he con- tinued it, in that form, till the close of his life, gra- tuitously, of course, and simply as a "labor of love." The continued growth of his business caused him in 1845 to remove to a much larger building than the one he had been oc- cupying, located at No. 8, on the same street and a few doors only north of his old business place ; and this in turn in less than two years also becoming insufficient, he determined to have erected a building which would not only be large euough for his exist- ing and future business, but also one that in size, elegance and solidity, would be far superior to an)- theretofore attempted Jayne in the business architect- ure of Philadelphia, or, in fact, in that of any other city of the United States. Selecting a site on the south side of Chestnut street, east of Third, securing the services of one of the best architects of the day, the plans for the structure were soon matured, and in the year 1848 its construction was commenced, but such was the nature of the ground upon which it was located, and the unusuallv massive character and height of the building, that two years were required for its completion, and it was not until the fall of 1S50 that it was ready for occupancy. The structure as finished, eight stories above and two below ground, rising to a height of one hundred feet and surmounted by a tower rising thirty-two feet higher, a frontage on Chestnut street of forty-two feet, and extending in depth one hundred and forty feet to Carter street, its front of Quincy granite and gothic in architec- PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. ture, with cluster columns rising to and terminating in pointed win- dows on the seventh floor and trefoil-shaped windows on the eighth above, made it the most conspicuous building of the time, while its cost was such as to cause many persons to question the sound sense of the owner. As a separate operation Dr. Jayne had formed a partner- ship in January, 1850, for the conduct of a wholesale drug business with his son, David W. Jayne, and his nephew, Eben C. Jayne, under the title of David Jayne & Son, which, together with his own business proper, was removed to the new building in October, 1850, and there continued until 1S54, when, although having attained large dimensions, the drug business not proving as remunerative as desired, it was discontinued. Actively engaged in building and other operations, ample means for which his business was supply- ing, and finding it impossible to give to the latter the personal at- tention that it required, Dr. Jayne, in 1S55, to ensure its proper and more vigorous prosecution, entered into another partnership, choos- ing as his partners the same persons as before, David W. and Eben C. Jayne, and adding his brother-in-law, John K. Walker, the title of the new firm being Dr. D. Jayne & Son ; and while remaining ever ready with advice and counsel in matters needing his more mature and experienced judgment, Dr. Javne, after the formation of this firm, entrusted the management of the business, mainly, to the junior partners, having the satisfaction ere he died, of seeing it nearly doubled in volume, to be proportionately even more largely increased in the succeeding years. Continuing his real estate in- vestments Dr. Jayne caused to be successively erected the " Post Office Building," on Dock street, the fine granite building, "Jayne's Hall," the handsome marble buildings on the old " Phila- delphia Arcade lot, "and the Commonwealth Building," of brick and stcne, on the " Bolivar House " lot, all on the north side of Chest- nut street, between Sixth and Seventh streets ; and lastly, his mar- ble dwelling, corner of Nineteenth and Chestnut streets, which latter he did not live to occupy, for, taking cold by a slightly imprudent exposure, pneumonia set in, and at the end of five davs terminated his life, March 5, iS66, he being in the sixtv-eighth year of his age. As a physician Dr. Jayne was very able in diagnosis of diseases, and equally so in the selection and combination of medicines with which to combat them. To these qualities the great success that attended the use of his " Family Medicines " when spread broadcast over almost the whole world must be attributed, for notwithstand- ing an admirable system of advertising and an equallv admirable system of distribution which he formulated and adopted, their sale would at best have been ephemeral, had it not been for the intrinsic merit of the medicines, which, once tried, ensured their continued use in almost every case, and which use continues to a far greater extent than at any time during Dr. Jayne's life-time. As a citizen he was always alive to the obligations incident thereto, and ever ready with means and influence to aid in everything which he con- sidered calculated to advance the well being and prosperity of the city, while his pride in it was such as to make him the pioneer in the erection of handsome, costly structures to adorn its streets, well knowing that their expensive character would ever preclude but a very moderate interest return upon the investments. As a man of business, after formulating his plans, he was impatient in the execu- tion of the details and usually delegated their conduct to others, whom, with excellent judgment, he selected for the purpose; but, in the broad principles which must necessarily underlie any and all great business enterprises, hisjudgment and foresight was singularly clear, his plans bold, comprehensive and sure, and once entered upon were followed up, regardless of obstacles, with an energy and persistence that rendered success certain. A poor boy in the start of life, unaided, he amassed during its course a large fortune, leav- ing at its close an estate valued at several millions of dollars. In religious belief Dr. Jayne was a Baptist, active in his church relations and ever contributing liberally to its cause. In politics an old-line Whig at the first, then a " Native American," and lastly a liberal Republican, yet always regarding the interest of the country as a whole, paramount to that of party or section. In the use of his %vealth he was ever liberal, and more particularly so in direct personal contributions to the poor, for whom his purse was ever open. In the domestic relations of life he was a good son, a good husband, father, brother and relative. He was thrice married, his last wife surviving him and is yet living. Of his children eight lived to reach their majority, and five still survive, three daughters and two sons, the eldest of the latter, Henry Le Barre Jayne, a ris- ing member of the Philadelphia Bar, and one of the eminent firm of Biddle & Ward ; and the younger, Horace Jayne, M. D., Professor of vertebrate morphology in the biological department of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, and Dean of the collegiate department of the same great institution. Neither of the sons have any connec- tion with the business of Dr. D. Jayne & Sou. It may be well to mention in this connection that the guardian- ship of the ably-managed "estate of David Jayne, deceased," re- mains under the direction of Rev. J. Wheaton Smith, D. D., and Chief Justice, the Hon. Edward M. Paxson, only surviving mem- bers of a board of five trustees appointed by Dr. Jayne under his will ; while the management of the extensive business of Dr. D. Jayne & Son, in the interest of "the estate " and his own as well, continues with Mr. Eben C. Jayne, sole surviving member of the firm; David W. Jayne having died in 1863, Dr. David Jayne, as before stated, in 1S66, and Mr. John K. Walker in 1S81. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. ALFRED C. REX & CO. Manufacturers of Hardware Specialties and Novelties, was established by Alfred C. Rex, in 1879, at Frankford, Philadelphia. In 1SS1 the present extensive structures were erected. The main building is 100 by 150 feet, three stories in height. The foundry is 75 by 150 feet. The business is the manufacture of patented hardware, specialties and novelties of all kinds in this line, in iron, brass and bronze. It is the only establishment of the kind in Pennsylvania, there are only two or three others in the United States, and only one other beside in the world. It further gives special attention to electro-plating in all its branches. Beside the main office of the firm at Frankford thev have branches at 413 Com- merce street, Philadelphia, 104 Chambers street, New York, No. 60 Lake street, Chicago, No. 100 California street, San Francisco. They employ regularly about 125 hands, and at times many more. The output approximates from f 100,000 to {150,000 a year. New ma- chinery is being added as additional facilities are required to meet the demands upon them. Their trade extends over the United States with an increasing export demand for many of their novelties. intend to protect this reputation, and have already arranged for space at the Columbian Exhibition at Chicago in 1893. The capacitv of their factory is 4,000,000 pounds per year. Licorice was used by the ancients as well as in our modern times as an article of materia medica. It was always considered emollient, demulcent, and useful against catarrh and irritations of the raucous membranes. In England the cultivation of the licorice plant is at least as old as the times of Elizabeth. The licorice roots have been extensively imported by brewers. The black inspissated extract of those roots is known as black sugar, and is the stick licorice so common through- out the world. THE MELLOR & RITTENHOUSE COMPANY Whose office and laboratory occupy the buildings from 214 to 220 North Twenty- second street, Phila- delphia, was estab- lished in 1863 and in- corporated in 1S66. Its officers are, Alfred Mel lor, president; William B. Ridgely, secretary and treasu- rer, and Robert Cole- man, Jr., manager. The firm as first or- ganized was known as Parrish & Mellor, and under that name it was continued for a year. The firm name was then changed to Mellor & Rittenhouse, and under that title it operated until 1S87, when it was re- organized with the Mellor & Rittenhouse Company. The business while including the manufacture of various chemicals was princi- pally concerned with the manufacture of licorice in its various forms : as Spanish and Turkish licorice paste, powdered extract licorice, powdered licorice root, selected licorice root, peeled licorice root (powdered), M. & R. stick licorice, licorice lozenges. In fact, licorice is here made in every form and for every purpose. In 1876 the Mellor & Rittenhouse Company received the Centennial Medal awarded for "purity, general excellence and cheapness." At Paris at the exhibition of 187S it had the highest reward for excellence. The trade of this firm extends all over this continent, and throughout Europe to Australia, in fact it has a business all over the world, and it is conducted strictly by jobbers. Oue of the most important and most expensive departments connected with the Mellor & Rittenhouse Company is that which involves the col- lection of the raw materials. This is brought direct by ships to the Philadelphia factory from Syria, Turkey in Asia, Spain and Sicily. This company have competed with all the manufacturers of licorice in the world and have in every case carried off the first prize. They Alfred C. Rex & Company's Works GOSSLER & CO. The establishment of the immense lumber interests concen- trated in Philadelphia is largely due to the city's splendid geo- graphical position, excellent railroad facilities, and great advan- tages as a centre of trade. Among the old established and represen- tative firms in the city in the lumber trade is that of Gossler & Co., whose office is located at 1404 South Penu Square. This firm is well and favorably known throughout the city and State by the straightforward and honorable manner which has character- ized all its business transactions from its inception. The foun- dation of its business was laid in 1S67 by R. S. Brown, J. Y. Gossler, and Thomas B. Loveland, consti- tuting the firm of Brown, Gossler & Co. In 1S73 Mr. Brown retired from the firm, after which the busi- ness was conducted under the name of Gossler & Co. Dur- ing the thirteen years following Mr. Brown's retirement, the partnership of the house remained intact ; then it was broken in 1S86 by the with- drawal of Mr. Loveland, leaving Mr. Gossler in entire control of the large and extensive business that had been built up by an active, energetic, and honest career of nineteen years. Mr. Gossler has retained the firm name ever since. From the time the firm was organized up to 1886, the house was engaged in the manufacture of lumber and mill work of almost every description. At the present time the business is confined to the handling of lumber, exclusively. The house is largelv inter- ested in five mills in the mill company connected with M. McClain Co. This firm is composed of McClain, Gossler & Brown. They own several large mills in Yirginia, and are also extensivelv en- gaged in the manufacture of yellow pine lumber in North Carolina. Through these prolific resources Gossler & Co. are enabled to sup- ply their trade with the choicest material of the market at prices that defy competition. Mr. Gossler, whose experience in the lum- ber trade of Philadelphia covers a quarter of a century, is a native of Northumberland county- His ancestors located there before the Revolution, and among the heirlooms that have been passed down through several generations, is a fine collection of Indian relics. 176 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. BELKNAP, JOHNSON & POWELL start (the result of the first year's sales being over a quarter of a million dollars') that they were compelled to enlarge their quarters The extensive umbrella and parasol manufactory of Belknap, by adding an additional floor space to the factory andagain in three Johnson & Powell, composed of Wills H. Belknap of New York, years were forced to add another room, cutting through the wall to George K. Johnson of Philadelphia, and Webster C. Powell of the top floor of No. 619 Chestnut street. With their constantly in- creasing business this was found insufficient and iu iSSS they added the two remaining floors of No. 619, which then gave them all the upper rooms of Nos. 617 and 619 Chestnut street, which has so far met the wants of the business, and has accommodation for four hun- dred employees. The business has had a continuous and uninter- rupted growth, the firm having from the beginning devoted es- pecial attention to making good umbrellas and parasols only, and claim to sell the best goods that can be made for the price. The bulk of the business is in fine goods which take first rank in stvle and quality. This house has grown to be one of the leading and largest umbrella and parasol manufactories in America. Mr. Johnson lives in Philadelphia, and manages the factory and Philadelphia business while Messrs. Belknap and Powell attend to the New York business which is now very large. They organized the New York business in 18S0, at the same time they commenced in Philadelphia, loca- ting at Xos. 64 and 66 Lispenard street, which soon proving too small, they added rooms for stor- age; iu the year 1SS9, they were compelled to seek larger quarters, moving to the handsome rooms Nos. 42S. 430 and 432 Belknap, Johnson & Powell's Umbrella and Parasol Manufactory Brooklyn, N. Y., began business on October 1, 1SS0, they having from boyhood been connected with the well known house of Wil- liam A. Drown & Co. Mr. Belknap and Mr. Powell for many Broadway, with a large " L " on Howard street, which they years as partners and Mr. Johnson as buyer and general manager of now occupy. the manufactory. Shortly after the death of Mr. W. A. Drown, Sr.. The firm's business extends to every State in the Union, they withdrew from the old house and organized this business with Mr. Johnson was born in Bucks county, Pa., he is a member of ample capital, locating in one of the buildings they still occupy, the Board of Trade and Trustee of the Penu Mutual Life Insurance No. 617 Chestnut street. The business was so successful from the Company. 177 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. BARR PUMPING ENGINE CO. Although only established four years the Barr Pumping Engine Company, which has extensive works on the Pennsylvania Rail- road, near Germantown Junction, is one of the most prosperous and rapidly developing concerns in the city of Philadelphia. The company was organized in 1887, with a capital stock of $200,000, which is preliminary to a larger capital as the business develops. The officers are : Samuel R. Marshall, President ; William M. Barr, Vice-President and Manager; George Buruham, Jr., Treasurer; Samuel R. Marshall, Jr., Secretary; and Directors: John Pitcairn, George E. Fletcher, George Buruham, Howard W. Middleton, Frank R. Tobey and John Fullertou. The company is engaged in the manufacture of hydraulic eugiues and machines, aud pumping machinery of all kinds. If hydraulic engineering had accomplished no other achieve- ment than to facilitate the introduction of pure water into the houses of this city, it would be fairly entitled to a first place in the catalogue of useful sciences. But it has done much more than this ; it has aided in a thousand ways in the develop- pump will fit any other pump of the same size made by them. The parts which are subject to wear, such as piston rods, plungers, plunger rings, valves and valve seats, are the parts most frequently needing renewal. By a system of manufacture in which all these several parts are made exactly alike, duplicates can be forwarded in advance of shutting down for repairs which need only the renewal of worn-out parts, so that what would require several days can be accomplished in a few minutes. More attention is given to the manufacture of duplex pumping machinery than that of any other type. Pumping machinery from small boiler feed pumps to water works pumping engines of three millions of gallons daily capacity are constantly in the course of manufacture, so that any ordinary size of pump can be shipped by them within a few days after the receipt of an order. This company pays especial attention to the designing and manufacture of pumping machinery tor steel works, furnaces and rolling mills. Many pumping engines of their manufacture are now working continuously on pressures of two thousand pounds per square inch and upward. For mines the duplex pump is admirably suited, and the designs produced by this company ment of the material resources of all civilized peoples. The hand- ling of water in large quantities, or under high pressures, is one of the most difficult problems with which the engineer has to deal, hence the design and construction of hydraulic engines and ma- chines should be entrusted only to specialists and such manufactur- ing establishments as are competent to deal with such problems. The enviable position which Pennsylvania has long enjoyed as a manufacturing State, aud Philadelphia as a manufacturing citv, would naturally result in the development of an establishment de- voted exclusively to hydraulic engineering. The Barr Pumping Engine Company was organized and capitalized for the purpose of manufacturing pumping machinery for water works, sewerage sys- tems, mines, furnaces, rolling mills, steel works, sugar refineries, hydraulic elevators, hydraulic forging, and other industries covering the whole range of the industrial arts. The works are located on the Pennsylvania Railroad, at Nineteenth street and Eehigh avenue ; that portion of the works next the railroad is shown in the accom- panying engraving. The works are thoroughly equipped with the latest and best special machinery and appliances for the exact dupli- cation of parts, so that all pumping machinery made by this com- pany is constructed on a strictly interchangeable system, and so far has this method of manufacture been developed that any part of a have not been surpassed by those of any other builders. The drilling of artesian wells at great depths, in order to obtain a supply of pure water, has made a demand for a special pump which can lie operated at great depths. This company has been very successful in the introduction of pumping machinery of this class, aud it furnishes artesian well pumps suited for depths from 100 to 2,000 feet. The industry employs 200 specially skilled workmen, and this does not include the foundry and brass work, which is done by con- tract. Pumps are shipped to the Pacific Coast, Mexico, and all parts of the country, and agencies have been established in New York, New England, Chicago, New Orleans, Kansas City and San Francisco. Only the best class of customers are sought for, aud large engineering operations are done by special orders. The de- velopment of this important business has been very rapid, and it is the only one of its particular class in the city. The success at- tained is almost entirely due to the energy and business tact of Mr. William M. Barr, who has the sole management. Mr. Barr has gained his experience in the scientific engineering works of New York, aud the knowledge he has thus obtained has contributed greatly to the development and increase of the business of the Barr Pumping Engine Company. 178 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. MANUFACTURERS. QUAKER CITY OIL COMPANY One of the representative business houses of the Quaker City is the Quaker City Oil Company, the well known refiners of petro- leum under the new process, manufacturers of lubricating oils, and machinery and signal oils of the higher grades. The company has several establishments to carry on its business. The main office is situated at No. 9 North Front street, the refinery at Second street and Erie avenue, and the lubricating oil works at Third and Venan- go streets. The enterprise was established in 1S79, and incorporated in 18S6, and it is the outcome of the energy and push of Mr. John Gill, Jr., the present Secretary and Treasurer of the Company, to whose industry its success is mainly due. Mr. John Gill, Jr., was born in New Jersey, and he is a grand- sou of the late venerable bank president whose name he bears. Mr. Gill has had a thorough practical experience in the oil business and possesses an intimate knowl- edge of the requirements of the market. He is held in much esteem and confidence in the trade and is one of Phila- delphia's most honored citi- zens. He was one of the orig- inators of the Petroleum Ex- change, and a member of the first board of directors. He is also among the prominent merchants who so strongly advocate the scheme of a Phil- adelphia Bourse. The Company is the best known in the business and it maintains a reputation for keeping a splendid stock of lubricating, kerosene, wool, tanners' machinery, cylinder, journal, spindle, sewing ma- chine, signal and other oils. The lubricating oils work splendidly on machinery; they contain no acid or alkali to corrode, or grit to wear out the metal, but they are lasting and cleanlv, promoting smooth running in the highest degree. The Company is determined to maintain its high reputation by dealing only in the very best oils at the lowest possible prices, and it never trades in low grade or inferior oils. The result has been that a large and increasing trade has gradually but surely been built up, and the business connections ex- tend not only all over the United States', but it exports oils to Europe, South America and the West Indies, regular correspondence being carried on with all these countries. In addition to this the Company is in continual correspondence with refineries in the oil regions of Pennsylvania from which it an- nually draws large supplies of goods specially prepared for the class of trade done. Mr. Gill has personally travelled at frequent intervals abroad, visiting all the great oil centres and making himself familiar with the wants of foreign buyers, so that the Company is always pre- pared to furnish the special products that may be required for each locality. They furthermore take a special pride in maintaining a uniformity in the quality of their shipments as well as a studied liberality in their dealings with their customers. The company has consequently rendered itself particularly necessary to distant buyers, who have to depend to a considerable extent upon the shipper to protect their interests, to keep them at all times posted in the market changes, and to supply them with the very best qualities of the American production. By this manner of conduct- ing its business the Quaker City Oil Company has acquired a con- nection that few other oil companies can boast of, and it has gained a high reputation wherever the finest class of oils are bought and sold. All this success has been achieved through the industry and business tact of John Gill, Jr., who manages each of the separate establishments of the Company with marked ability and the most gratifying results. The Quaker City Oil Company is a good repre- sentative of one of Pennsylvania's most important products, which has made the fortune of thousands and has rendered the name of the State familiar to every reader on the face of the globe. So long as the Company remains under its present management, so long will it continue to thrive and to extend its business transactions to all parts of the world. EDWARD DARBY & SONS The firm of Edward Darby & Sons, manufacturers of wire goods and wire cloth, on Arch street, was established by Mr. Edward Darby, senior, who was born in Birmingham, England, in 1823. He came to this country in 1847, when only 25 years old, and at once began an active business career. In 1854 Mr. Darby entered into partnership with Mr. Jo- seph Bayliss, under the firm name of Bayliss & Darby, for the manufacture of wire goods, wire cloth and wire work in general. The business was started on a small scale on Arch street above Front, but it soon increased, and in 1857 a move was made to more spacious quarters at No. 226 Arch street, where the firm branched out into the manufacture of wire work and iron railings, and a large variety of household goods and garden furniture. Business continued to increase and again a larger building be- came necessary. This time a large building was rented at No. 231 Arch street, where the business still further developed and consolidated. In 1875 the firm dissolved partnership, Mr. Joseph Bay- liss retiring and Mr. Darby taking his eldest son, Mr. Ed- ward J. Darby, into partner- ship, the name of the firm being changed to Edward Darby & Son. Prosperity still favored the firm, and in a short time a large and commodious factory was erected at Nos. 113 and 115 Bread street, where over fifty men were constantly kept employed. In 1887 an- other change was made, when Mr. Edward Darby, senior, took his two other sons into the business, Messrs. Henry F. Darby and George B. Darby, under the name of Edward Darby & Sons. Then in 188S the present handsome store and offices were erected, "which, in connection with the factories, rendered it the largest and most important establishment for the manufacture of wire goods in Philadelphia. The firm employ one hundred and twenty-five men, and their trade has extended to every State in the "Union, to Canada, and to many parts of South America. Various branches of iron and wire work have been added at various times ; they manufacture ornamental and cast iron work, fire escapes, entrance gates, etc., grille work, crestings, iron and wire window guards, brass, copper, steel and iron wire cloth, sieves, riddles and serenes, extra heavy locomotive wire netting, wrought iron bedsteads, poultry netting, coal and sand screen's, bank and office railings, wire stall partitions and hotel fittings, art metal work in brass, bronze and iron. The firm of Messrs. Darby & Sons are large importers of miners' supplies and fancy iron work generally. The success of this thriving firm is to be attributed to Mr. Edward Darby, senior, who came here without means, and who has now established a great firm by his natural ability and integrity combined with industry and economy. The Messrs. Darby are members of the Trade League and Operative Builders' Association. Edward Darby & Sons' Manufactory PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. HANCE BROTHERS & WHITE Hance Brothers S: White, manufacturing pharmaceutists and chemists, covering the block bounded by Callowhill, Marshall, Seventh and Willow streets. The business of this firm was estab- lished by the senior member, Edward H. Hance, in 1S55. He com- menced at the corner of Callowhill street and old York road, and remained there for about three years when he moved his business to Arch street west of Sixth. Soon after that removal he was joined in business by his brother, Joseph C. Hance, and J. Clarkson Griffith ; the firm name then being changed to Hance, Griffith & Co. They remained in this location until about 1S60, when they re- moved to North street west of Fifth. At that place they continued enlarging their business until its growth demanded more ample quarters which were found at the property now occupied ; to this they removed in 1S69. In 1870 the firm was reorganized by J. attained a degree of prominence equalled by few others in this line of industry ; and have reached a degree of excellence unsurpassed by those of any country in the world. In all of the international exhibitions that this firm have participated, they have been awarded the highest medals. One of the prizes which is esteemed of the greatest value is the gold prize awarded this firm for the best general exhibit before the American Pharmaceutical Association. This was the only prize ever awarded at any of the exhibitions connected with the annual meetings of that Association. The value of an award depends so entirely upon the qualifica- tions of the judges, that it carries little or much significance to those who appreciate this fact. The American Pharmaceutical As- sociation is made up of practical chemists and apothecaries; includ- ing eminent writers, teachers and investigators. The judgment of a committee constituted by such a body is fairly entitled to a respect uot accorded to the awards of the average Hance Brothers & White's Manufactory Clarkson Griffith retiring from it and Dr. James W. White join- ing the Hance Brothers, when the firm name was changed to Hance Brothers & White. That firm continued under the same stvle, with the addition, in 1882, to its membership of Anthony M. Hance, a son of the senior member, until its termination by the death of Dr. James W. White in May, 1891. While the firm name remains the same it now consists of Edward H. Hance, Joseph C. Hance and Anthony M. Hance. Since the removal to the present locality the business has grown gradually, demanding more extended accommodations, until now the premises consist of twelve commodious, substantial build- ings, arranged especially for the various classes of manufacture embraced in the business of pharmaceutical chemistry. The block is taken up with powerful engines, electric light plant, fire-proof vaults, artesian well, trackage and various conveniences for a busi- ness of this nature, yet affords room for the further growth of this pushing and enterprising firm. The products of this house enjoy an enviable reputation ; have committee of State, National and International exhibitions. These, however fairly inclined, have not the special fitness (for in- telligent comparison of the products submitted to their inspection) possessed by so qualified a committee as that of the American Phar- maceutical Association. Therefore Hance Brothers & White may be pardoned the expression of special gratification in having been es- teemed deserving of so notable an indorsement of their products. The laboratories and mill house of this firm are models of completeness both in general plan and peifection of apparatus and machinery. The buildings are remarkably well constructed, com- modious and convenient ; each department of the business — while being under the general supervision of the members of the firm — is conducted under the management of skilled chemists and pharma- ceutists, graduates in pharmacy. With these special advantages for manufacturing, and the generous recognition by the trade of supe- riority of the products, the large and increasing business of this house is not to be wondered at. E. H. Hance is one of the incor- porators and directors in the Philadelphia Bourse, an ex-president and one of the most active officers of the Drug Exchange. j So PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. C. A. BLESSING In the manufacture of sanitary specialties and plumbers' goods there is no house in this city more prominent than that of Mr. C. A. Blessing's, whose factory is located on Montgomery avenue, from Sixth to Randolph streets. The buildings are five stories, built of brick, 112 feet on Randolph street, 221 feet on Montgomery avenue, and 136 feet on Sixth street, with a floor space of about 66,600 square feet, and in connection with these extensive premises there is also a lumber yard on the east side of Randolph street. In addition to the above premises Mr. Blessing owns the five-story brick building No. 625 Arch street, which is used as a show-room and salesroom, which is a great convenience to both the local and out-of-town trade. It is by far the largest and finest place of the kind in the city, and contains an unequalled stock of everything The iron foundry of the establishment, which is located at Salem, N. J., turns out the different kinds of pipe, fittings, sink and special castings required in the plumbing business, and it has direct communication by water and the Wist Jersey Railroad for shipping goods to any part of the United States. Mr. Blessing claims for his soil pipe and fittings very smooth surface both in and outside. In the closet department a full line of brass work and fixtures for water closets, tanks, and specialties of all kinds arc made. New styles of water closets are continually added to the already long list of different styles turned out by this establishment. Among the many novelties introduced by this enterprising manufacturer one of general interest to architects, plumbers and builders is the " Conqueror Trap," for bath tubs, basins, etc. It is claimed by the inventor that it is an absolute safeguard against sewer gas entering through the fixture attached, C. A. Bles coining under the heading of plumbers' goods and sanitary earthen- ware and improved fixtures in brass, iron, copper, nickel, silver and wood-work. One of the features of this factory is the cabinet wood-work de- partment, where all kind of interior work is made for bath-rooms, store, saloon and bar fixtures, etc., in all kinds of wood and different styles, designs and finish. The metal work for these fixtures is applied to same by skilful mechanics of the metal work department. We learn that the excellence of the " Blessing " make of goods, such as patent copper and nickel bath-tubs, foot and sitz baths, and fixtures for same, copper and galvanized iron boilers, oval and square bottom sinks, shower baths, copper lined and cast iron tanks for water-closets and other purposes, handsome in pattern and design, is recognized not only all over the United States but also in Canada, South America and other foreign countries, and is continually becoming more widely known and appreciated, as evidenced by the large number of orders continually coming in from all sections of the country. as it has a double seal formed by the cup valve, and also by the four inches of water contained therein, which is especially designed for bath tubs and basins. When nickel-plated all the attachments are verv ornamental in appearance, as well as absolutely essential to the sanitary condition of the dwelling. Another exccedinglv useful and sanitary invention is the pat- ent combination of overflow plug, trap vent and waste coupling attachment to bath tubs, which is a great saving of labor to the plumber in setting the tub, thus lessening the cost to the builder and owner. Copper-lined bath tubs, fitted with Blessing's patent trap vent waste and overflow are provided with removable plug. The overflow opening of this tub combination is oval, and stamped direct through the metal, thus avoiding the soldering of a strainer over the old-style, round overflow opening. This overflow will carry off water in less than half the time of the old style. The trap is provided with a screw and the overflow with a removable cap for the purpose of cleaning. Another valuable improvement is Blessing's patent improved gas and back-water trap or safety valve PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. and clean-out, to prevent the entry of sewer gas into the house pipes or back-water where the situation is low. It is easily cleaned, has an indestructible passage, and as it is very simple in construc- tion, is not liable to get out of order. Its value as a handy clean- out alone is worth more than the price charged for the whole article. Among other improvements to the modern bath tub is Blessing's patent recess waste, which, as a sanitary invention, is exceedingly popular, doing away with the old stand-pipe and the nearly always fouled overflow pipe. With a slight turn of the waste pipe the tub empties rapidly, and the waste pipe can easily be removed and cleaned. The above are only a few of the very many novelties found in this well-known manufactory that will be of general interest. Mr. Blessing has been the sole proprietor of this extensive busi- ness ever since 1S73. He is a man of splendid business qualifica- tions, and personally one of the most popular men in the plumbing supply trade. The first catalogue of plumbers' copper goods, bath tubs, etc., ever sent out to the trade was issued by him ; he invented and made the first bath tub with rounded bottoms and without the long objectionable bottom seams, which invention he had patented, and his tubs are used all over the country. All other manufacturers have adopted the patterns, sizes and styles established by him in the line of copper and wood-work. Mr. Blessing is the only man in the trade who has issued a catalogue with a full line of cabinet wood-work for plumbers, and has invented and patented numerous improvements of the greatest merit and value. He was born in Germany, where he was apprenticed to learn the general metal business, and after serving out his time came to the United States and worked at different places at his trade until he started in the tinware business in New York City, after which he came to Philadelphia in 1866, and commenced manufacturing a varietv of plumbers' goods of his own design and invention, which have been patented by him and are in general use at the present day. In business circles Mr. Blessing is highly respected. He is a man of untiring energy and practical skill, and is thoroughly conversant with every feature and detail of his business. JESSUP & MOORE PAPER COMPANY Nearly half a century has passed since the well known corpo- ration known as the Jessup & Moore Paper Company was establish- ed. It was in 1843 that Augustus E. Jessup and Bloomfield H. Moore formed a partnership for the purpose of manufacturing and selling all sorts of paper and paper stock. Philadelphia was then a comparatively undeveloped city to what it is now, and as the Quaker city increased in size and importance so did the business of Jessup & Moore thrive and extend. As the business flourished new blood was infused into the firm, and Alfred D. Jessup and Ed- ward A. Jessup were taken into partnership. The firm remained unchanged until 1S59 when Alfred D. Tessup and Bloomfield H. Moore became the sole proprietors. The business continued to in- crease and flourish, under the careful management of these two gentlemen, until 1S70, when it was considered one of the most solid and important mercantile houses in the city. Then Mr. Jessup retired from the cares of business to enjoy his well earned riches, and Mr. Moore remained as the sole surviv- or of the original firm. After eight years of hard work, during which he still further added to the importance and prosperity of the house, Mr. Moore died on July 5, 187S. In December of the same vear the business was formed into a corporation under the title of the Jessup & Moore Paper Co., the officers being, President, C. B. Moore; Vice President, D. W. Evans; Secretary, F. W. McDowell, and Treasurer, J. R. Moore. No changes have been made in the personnel of the Company for the last thirteen years, and the business has been still further extended and enlarged. Mr. McDowell is the most active worker of the Company and he has closely followed in the footsteps of the original members of the firm, with the same proportion of success. The Company now has a large and handsome store at No. 28 South Sixth street, another in the Bennett Building in New York, and it owns four large manufacturing establishments : the Augus- tine Mill, at Wilmington, Delaware; the Delaware Mill, also at Wilmington ; the Rockland Mill, at Rockland, Delaware ; and the Chester mill, at Modena, Pa. From these establishments paper of all kinds is turned out daily in large quantities, and the demand is so great that the mills are kept on, with a double staff of workmen, night and day. It is estimated that 125,000 pounds of paper is produced by the Company every twenty-four hours. This vast pro- duct is sent all over the country and is a sure testimony of the size and importance of the Jessup & Moore Company. J. C. GRAHAM & CO. The house of J. C. Graham & Co., manufacturers of drapery and dress trimmings, upholstery goods and plushes, has its factory at Nineteenth and Hamilton streets, Philadelphia, where are also situated its sales rooms. It has branches at No. 330 Church street, New York, and Nos. 106 and 108 Wabash avenue, Chicago. The business was started in a modest way. John C. Graham, the founder, was born at Paisley, Scotland, onjune 23, 1S26. He was about eight years of age when he was brought to America by his parents, John and Margaret Graham. They landed in New York, and there remained until 1843, when they came to Philadelphia. In New York the boy attended the public school, and upon reaching Philadelphia he had the foundation for a good education. Remain- ing at school in Philadelphia for some time he then obtained em- ployment as a carpet and rug weaver. During his nineteenth year while he was out of employment he used the knowledge and infor- mation he had gained at school in improvising a hand loom at his home. His mechanical and inventive talent was clearly evident, he used a clothes-horse for a frame and a stick for a shuttle, almost every household utensil was brought into play in the most ingenious and original manner. The rolling pin and the lid of a flour barrel were brought into service and the treadles were made from the clothes props. Before actually completing his hand loom, he returned to work at carpet weaving and remained with his then employer until 1S47. In that year his father started a comparatively small business at Fourth and Oxford streets. There were but two looms for the manufacture of tidy cotton fringe. The business succeeded, but young Mr. Graham preferred to withdraw partially from the partnership with his father, having secured work at saw making. His thorough devotion to his business, his energy and industry, is shown that for four years, while he remained at saw-making as a workman, after returning home at night he assisted his father in running the looms. His intercourse with his father through all this time was very close and after leaving the saw factory he re- entered the old business and was his father's partner until the latter's death in 1857. There were many changes and improve- ments in the business during these various years. In 1850 J. C. Graham & Co. were located on Cherry street above Sixth. After the death of his father, Mr. Graham while carrying on the business in his own name was materially assisted by his sister. Her knowl- edge of the wants and wishes and peculiarities of women was of the utmost importance as they were then principally engaged in the manufacture of dress trimmings, fringes, tassels, cords and upholstery trimmings. Business continued to increase and the factory was removed to Nos. 525 and 527 Cherry street, where al- though they occupied greater facilities were soon imperative, and in 1879 they addeil the five-story buildings Nos. 507 to 513 Cherry street. When this addition was made there was introduced con- siderable new machinery for the purpose of the manufacture of undertakers' trimmings. The increase in the demand for upholstery goods also required additional new and improved machinery. The business being now permanently established and constantly growing, in 1S85 Mr. Graham began the erection of the present extensive factory at Nineteenth and Hamilton streets. It is designed expressly tor the business, was so built, and the architect following the sugges- tion of the practical experience of Mr. Graham, the buildings are therefore most completely and thoroughly equipped. The struc- ture is of an attractive appearance and five stories high. It is built of brick with granite trimmings and covers 54 x 196 feet of ground. The construction is such that there is plenty of light on all sides and the ventilation is perfect. The average height between floor and ceilings of the different stories is thirteen and a half feet. There are two business offices fitted up in artistic style being finished in natural wood and front on both thoroughfares. There is constant employment given to over 300 hands. The recent addi- tions of departments include facilities for the manufacture of every line of upholsteries including fringes, trimmings, cords, loops, fancy fringes, table covers, tapestry borders, Jersey flannel, carriage trimmings, etc. Mr. Graham was prominent in Masonic circles. He was a manager of the Masonic Home, was connected with every interest in which the fraternity are concerned. He was Grand Commander of the Order of the American Legion of Honor of Pennsylvania in 1883. He was one of the first to urge the impor- tance of the establishment of the Manufacturers' Club in Philadel- phia. He died at Atlantic City, N. J., in the sixty-second year of his age, on May 17, 1888. Mr. Graham was married on May 26, 1864, to Miss Fanny Carnes, His widow and oldest son J. Wallace Graham now carry on the business, Mr. J. W. Graham assuming the personal manage- ment and giving all his time to conducting its affairs. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. MANUFACTURERS. GERMANTOWN SPINNING CO. The handsome new mill of the Germantown Spinning Com- pany, at Walnut Lane Station, is a general source of wonder and admiration to all passengers on the Philadelphia & Reading Rail- road, and is a splendid illustration of the great progress made in cotton spinning in this country within the last decade. The mills were erected by Frank E. Patterson and Oscar W. Wood, and the Company was incorporated in January, 1890, for the purpose of spinning cotton hosiery yarns for sale to manufacturers. Over 100 hands are employed and the 17,000 spindles produce on the average 40,000 pounds per week. The mill, which is situated on High street, Germantown, is along the side of the railroad and is very ornamental in design. It is Imilt of Germantown blue-stone with red brick finishings, and covers an area of 227 feet by 127 feet, being two stories high with large cellars and an L addition 70 feet by 40 feet. The buildings were designed and erected under the superintendence and special supervision of C. R. Makepiece & Co., of Providence, Rhode Is- land, and it is complete in every detail. Particular attention has H. K. WAMPOLE & CO. The well known firm of Henry K. Wampole& Co., manufactur- ing chemists and wholesale importers of druggists' sundries, glass- ware, etc., was established in 1S72. The firm lias large offices and a store at No. 135 Arch street, and a laboratory at No. 44] ( Vreen street, thoroughly equipped with all the latest modern appliances. The members of the firm are Henry K. Wanipolc, Albert J. Koch and Samuel Ross Campbell. Mr. Wampole is a native of Philadelphia, and has been in the drug business all his life. Mr. Campbell is an expert chemist, and was one of the originators of the College of Pharmacy, one of the best institutions of its kind in the city. For the past five years the firm have devoted special attention to the preparation of and manufacture of pharmaceutical specialties. This branch of the business being under the personal supervision of Mr. Samuel Campbell, and it has grown with marvellous rapidity. The business now occupies the attention of a large number of salesmen on the road, covering the whole of the United States. The firm has also a branch in Toronto, Canada, and exten- sive business relations in South America. n Spinning Company's Mill been paid to the comfort and health of the operative, and the sani- tary arrangements are as near perfection as possible. The machin- ery is worked by a 450 horse power Corlis engine, built lay C. &: G. Cooper, of Mount Vernon, Ohio; it combines the maximum of strength with economy of fuel and regularity of motion. The driving wheel is 24 feet in diameter, and transmits the power to a line of shafting by a leather belt 199 feet long and 42 inches in width, which required 500 hides for its construction. The machinery is all new and of the best construction possible. The cards number fifty- four and the combs are for the production of the finest yarns. The draw frames are fitted up with electric stop motion, which stops the machine on the breaking of a sliver or the least irregular- ity in the supply, insuring a regular and even output. The mules are made by Asa L,ees & Co., of Oldham, and contain 17,000 spindles. The mill is without question one of the best equipped in the country, and its construction is mainly due to the enterprise and energy of Frank E. Patterson, the President of the Company. Mr. Patterson is a grandson of old General Patterson, who owned the Ripka Mills at Manayunk, he is thoroughly experienced in the spinning business and graduated from Swarthmore College. He is associated in the business with Oscar W. Wood, who is the Treasurer of the Company. They also make a full line of fluid extracts, elixirs and pharma- ceutical preparations. Among the most noted and valuable of the latter are a tasteless preparation of cod liver oil, compound syrup of hypophosphites, hvpnobromic compound, granular effervescent bromo-pyrine, and, more especially, Wampole's Glycerine Sup- positories, which are 98 per cent, of chemically pure glycerine placed in glass tubes, assuring cleanliness and absolute protection from heat and moisture, and guaranteed non-irritating. These, however, are but a few of the specialties which are furnished by this enterprising young firm, and they are being continually added to by the research and activity of Mr. Campbell and his associates. The business has grown to such an extent that it has exceeded all the most sanguine expectations of its originators, and it is now one of the most sterling and highly esteemed concerns of its kind in the city of Philadelphia. The three partners have worked hard to achieve the great success they have so quickly attained, and they are now on the high road to wealth as a just reward of their industry, energy, and general business competency. The business is a peculiar one, and absolutely requires that personal supervision and constant attention which Messrs. Wampole & Co. have given to it. 183 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHI LA DELPHI 'ANS. MANUFACTURERS. WILLIAM WHARTON, Jr., & CO., Incorporated The origin of the business of this corporation was in 1S62, when William Wharton, Jr., entered into the construction of street railroads, for which he was the earliest and largest contractor, building many of the principal roads in New York, Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore. The construction of street railroads in this country being about that time an entire novelty, no plants existed where the different articles used in building the permanent way could be obtained, and the necessities arising for a high quality of material eventually compelled Mr. Wharton to start works of his own ; these were of course on a limited scale, suited to the small wants at that time. He continued the business in his indi- vidual capacity until the year 1SS1, when a limited partnership cor- poration, under the name of William Wharton, Jr., & Co., Limited, was formed, his associates in this partnership being Mr. Edward Samuel, a mechanical engineer and iron manufacturer and mer- chant, and Mr. Richard Ashhurst, well known in banking circles, who undertook the financial part of the business. This corpora- tion largely extended the business, increasing the works and de- veloping the trade not only in the United States, but also in South America, Cuba and Mexico. In the evolution of street railroad build- ing incident to the changes caused by cable and electrical railroads, it was found necessary that a rolling mill suitable for the manufacture of tram rails, slot rails, T-rails, and other shapes in steel be se- cured, and to this end the corporation became large and controlling stockholders in the North Branch Steel Company, located at Dan- ville, Pennsylvania. In the meantime, the entire block on Wash- ington avenue, Philadelphia, from Twenty-fourth street to Twenty- fifth street, had been secured, new foundry erected and machine shop built and a thorough system inaugurated, whereby the capa- city of output was enormously augmented. In 1SS7 the street rail- road developments of the United States had become so large and the business of the corporation had become so extensive, that a new (the present) corporation, Win, Wharton, Jr., &Co., Incorpor- ated, was formed, and succeeded to the business of Wm. Wharton, Jr., & Co., Limited. The capital of the corporation was augmented from lime to time, until it now reaches over $900,000, and the out- put of the works in Philadelphia and Danville can under present conditions be run up to a value of $20,000 per diem. Everything used in street railroad tracks, depots, car-houses, mechanism of cable railroads, and permanent way for electrical railroads is man- ufactured by this Company, within their own works, commencing with the iron ore to their furnaces, the pig iron from their furnaces to their steel works, the blooms from their steel works to their roll- ing mills, and the rails from their rolling mills to the track, together with all the appendages made in their foundries and workshops, such as switches, frogs, turnouts, crossovers, crossings, turntables and machinery incident to this work of every description ; and their work is in use on nearly if not all of the principal railroads in the country. The railroads furnished or constructed by this Company or its predecessors are so numerous that it is impossible to, in so short an article, give a list of them, nor indeed would it be of in- terest to the reader. Among the notable works which created great public interest may be mentioned the building of the original Broadway Railroad, by this corporation, in twenty-one working days, from the Batter}- to Fourteenth street ; this included not only the building of the railroad proper, but the repaying of Broad- way in the greatest part of its width for that entire distance. In 1S90 they furnished to the West End Street Railway Company, of Boston, Massachusetts, who have the largest electrical railway- plant in the world, all of their rails and a very large amount in value i>f special work such as curves, turnouts, switches, etc., inci- dent to the change of the tracks of this company from horse to electrical service. These rails were at that time the heaviest used in the country by any street railroad, being six inches in height and weighing 72', pounds to the yard. Over 7,500 tons of ma- terial has been consumed in this West End construction, all of which has been furnished by William Wharton, Jr., & Co., Incorpor- ated. Amongst other numerous and large contracts which thev have on hand at this present writing is the furnishing of the ma- terial and the building of the Third avenue Cable Road in New York, the length of which is sixteen miles of single track measure- ment, extending along Third Avenue from the Harlem River to the Bowery, and along the Bowery to the Post Office. The amount of metal consumed in this will exceed 16,000 tons, the structure being the heaviest of its kind yet used in cable railroads, the rails being seven inches high and weighing Si pounds to the yard. The en- gineering and physical dfficulties of this work may be well appre- ciated when one knows that every water pipe, every gas pipe, everv steam pipe, every electrical conduit, and a very large number of sewers have to be removed and replaced at other points not inter- fering with the conduits of the cable railroad, and in addition to this, that this has to be done in streets in the very heart of the larg- est city in the country, with a street traffic perhaps not exceeded at any other point in the world. This contract involves an expenditure of over $3,000,000 by the railroad company. The Traction's Co.'s tracks, on Market street, Philadelphia, were relaid this year with the rails, patent chairs and crossings of this Company. The Gir- ard Avenue Line of the People's Road was relaid last spring with the patent materials. At the present writing the main office of Wm. Wharton, Jr., & Co., Incorporated, is at its works, Twenty-fifth street and Washington avenue, Philadelphia, its down-town or city office at No. 330 Walnut street, Philadelphia, its mill office at Dan- ville, Pa., its Western office at the American Central Building, St. Louis, Mo., and its New York office at the N. W. corner of Nine- teenth street and Third avenue, New York City. Its present officers are, William Whartou, Jr. , President ; Edward Samuel, First Vice President ; F. P. Howe, Second Vice President; Pichard Ashhurst, Secretary and Treasurer, and Y. Angcrcr, Superintendent. Direct- ors, Wm. Wharton Jr. , Josiah M. Bacon, Richard W. Bacon, Wm. Rotch Wister and William Selfridge. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS. BERRY & ORTON COMPANY A prominent manufacturing establishment is the Atlantic Works of the Berry & Orton Company, on Twenty-third street above Arch, from whence machinery is sent to every part of the world. The special business of the manufacture of machinery for wood- working and other mechanical work was originally established in 1S60 by Richards, Thorn & Co., under the name of the Atlantic Works. This firm continued until July, 1S70, when it was suc- ceeded bv Richards, Kelly & Co. In July, 1S71, another change was made when the Company was registered under the title of Richards, Loudon & Kelly. Again in July, 1S77, the name of the firm was altered to Loudon, Berry & Orton, and this partnership remained unaltered until March, 1888, when the business became the largest and best arranged plants for the manufacture of special machinery in the country. The main building fronts on Twenty- third, Arch and I-'ilson streets, and is a massive structure of five floors, 123 feet by 80 feet, with an L annex 6S feet by 45 feet. The whole building is a most substantial erection of brick, stone and iron. In this great space the machinery used in the manufac- ture of the special appliances sent out by the firm, is placed, and the whole works are run by a 150 horse-power engine and boiler. These new works have even' modern appliance and machine for the saving of labor, and they are among the finest in the State. The facilities for the reception and the shipping of goods are per- fect. The tracks of the Baltimore & Ohio and Philadelphia & Reading run into the yards, and there is also a wide wagon way as an approach to the main building. The lighting is by elec- it'ife i : :S:ii^fc^^ ilfl niiBffli iiiiS § m* ':■ $m Berry &'Orton Company's Works under the control of L. H. Berry and L. O. Orton with the style of the Berry & Orton Company. Both these gentlemen are thoroughly practical men in their particular class of business and they give close personal attention to everything that is manufac- tured in and turned out of their works. The best testimony to the rapid growth of this large industry is in the frequent necessity there has arisen for enlargements of the manufactory. In 1869 the plant occupied a large building which had been specially erected on Twenty-second street above Arch. But these works, although spacious and well equipped, speedily became too small for the fast growing business although the work was continued night and day with a double staff of work- men. Orders however came in faster and faster and in order to keep pace with the demands of their customers the firm realized that they must further extend their capabilities for manufacture. A large plot of ground was therefore purchased at the northeast corner of Twenty-third and Arch streets. The measurement of his laud is 148 feet by 123 feet and on it has been erected one of tricitv, and the ventilating and heating apparatus are on the most approved principles, rendering the whole building one of the most admired and convenient in the country. The machines which the Berry & Orton Company produce are peculiar in their manufacture and are mostly specially originated and patented by the firm. A special feature is the band saw mill which has now- become in almost general use all over the world, and which is entirely due to the ingenuity and mechanical know- ledge of the present members of the firm. A specialty is also made of the manufacture of wood working machinery for car builders and railroad companies. The company also takes the lead in the manufacture of machines and appliances for ship builders. In fact the history of the Atlantic works is unique for the example it gives of a great industry arising up within twenty-one years which not only gives a living to hundreds of work-people, but for its substan- tialitv and perfect mechanical arrangements is a source of pride to the citizens of a citv which is world renowned for its great works and industrial establishments. 185 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHIL A DELPHI A NS. MANUFACTURERS. HARRISON BROS. & CO. The founder of this house was John Harrison and the present firm are his grandsons. John Harrison studied chemistry under the celebrated Dr. Friestly, and became deeply impressed with the belief that many articles were imported into this country which could be produced here and thereby render the citizens of this country inde- pendent of foreign producers, as well as aiding the industrial development of the youthful Republic. In 1793 he began the on Green street, west of Third, in Philadelphia. In 1S07 he built what was for that day quite a large leaden chamber, it was 50 feet long, 18 feet wide, and 18 feet high, capable of making nearly a half million pounds of sulphuric acid annually, and the price of the article then was about 15 cents per pound. The acid prepared in leaden chambers, as is well known, is not the oil of vitriol of commerce, and the only means employed at that time to concentrate it to the required density was by boiling it in glass retorts, a very precarious and dangerous process. The loss occasioned by the IfflCgfl -i-,*''*- 4 : i <^\";Vl- Harrison Brothers & Company's Works manufacture of sulphuric acid, but owing to the crushing competi- tion of the foreign makers his enterprise was confined to manufac- turing for his own use and filling orders on a small hut remunerative scale for a few of his patrons. His investment at the start did not exceed $5000. From a letter addressed to President Jefferson dated November 1, i8oS, and now in the archives of the State Department at Washington, we learn that in 1804 he had extended the line of products of his laboratory by adding the various preparations of mercury, antimony, copper, etc., used in the arts and medicine, and that then he had invested $40,000. At this time he was manu- fa-turing sulphuric acid with marked success at his establishment incessant breakage of the glass largely increased the cost of the concentrated acid. About this period there resided in Philadelphia Dr. Eric Bollman, a Dane by birth, and of scientific training. Dr. Bollmau brought from France the method just discovered by Dr. Wollaston for converting the crude grains of platinum into bars and sheets. One of the first uses to which he applied the sheets was the making of a still for Mr. Harrison for the concentration of sulphuric acid. It weighed 700 ounces, would contain 25 gallons, and was in continuous use for fifteen years. This early application of platinum to this purpose was highly characteristic of the sagacity and ingenuity of the American manufacturer, for the use of the PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. MANUFACTURERS. rare metal was at that time a novelty in Europe and known only to a few persons. It is believed that John Harrison was the first manu- facturer of sulphuric acid in America, certainly the first to make it successfully, and he was not only the first in America to concentrate it in platinum as a manufacturer, but probably the first of all. In 1S06 he added to his manufactures the production of white lead, subsequently apparatus for the manufacture of pyroligneous and acetic acid and their dependent products, white and brown sugar of lead, on an extended scale ; also the oxides of lead, colors, alum, copperas, iron liquors, etc. The Green street laboratory long had been too circumscribed for such large operations, and an eligible location was secured in the then district of Kensington — now the Eighteenth Ward of the city — where extensive buildings were erected and large manufacturing facilities afforded. In 1S31 he admitted his sons to partnership under the title of John Harrison & marketable quantites until about 1808, so that John Harrison would then be really the pioneer in this branch of manufacture, he and his successors having marketed their product since 1806. Messrs. Harrison Bros. & Co. within a recent period have brought about what may be justly termed a revolution in the manu- facture of paints and colors in this country. These articles arc so readily sophisticated that the practice of the trade had become quite general of selling sophisticated goods as pure goods. This house recognizing the umnercantile nature of such methods decided to devote all their energies to the production of perfectly pure goods, or goods of plainly stated formulas only. In time other manufac- turers followed in their wake, and strictly pure paints and colors may now be obtained without difficulty by an}- one with discrimi- nation. The position taken by Harrison Bros. & Co. has made their products the standard for quality amongst consumers. Their Harrison Brothers & Company's Offices Sons. John Harrison died in 1833, and subsequently the firm changed to Harrison Bros., and then to its present title. Later on the facili- ties at Kensington proving inadequate to meet the demands of the business, a large establishment was projected in the southwestern part of the city, on the river Schuylkill, near the historic Gray's Ferry. Their factories and office in Philadelphia were early connected by wire with their office in New York, this being the first private wire of any length placed in operation. The Gray's Ferry establishment has grown to immense proportious, continuing most of the manufactures originated by the founder, and on a very extensive scale. The white lead plant can produce over 5000 tons annually, and for this and other paint products the plant is the largest and best arranged extant. The products include house painters' colors, colors for coach and car painters, ready mixed paints, colors for paper manufacturers, etc. While another house claims precedence in the manufacture of white lead in this country, it is now said that it did not produce " Town and Country" ready mixed paints are in innumerable shades and extensively used throughout the country. The area of the Gray's Ferry works exceeds thirty acres, over half of which is covered by buildings of the best construction. In addition to the plant for the production of chemicals and paints there is an extensive laboratory, a complete machine shop and a large printing office, the latter to supply the great quantity of advertising matter needed in the large business. From this print- ing office has been issued a number of publications giving real information to the public, among them is the "Chemistry of Paints," which describes the works and much of the chemistry of the products. This is supplied gratuitously to any one re- questing it. The works are being constantly added to, a large three-story and basement brick mill-house, and extensive stable and a very handsome office in the Italian style of architecture being the most recent additions. 187 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. MANUFACTURERS. THE FRANKLIN SUGAR REFINING COMPANY The business to which this company has succeeded was estab- lished in 1863 by the late George L. Harrison. Mr. Harrison was born in 1S11, and was the son of John Harrison, the founder of the chemical works now conducted by his grandsons under the style of Harrison Brothers Company. Mr. George L. Harrison finished his education at Harvard College, and having read law in the office of Joseph R. Ingersoll was admitted to the Bar. But just then his father died, and this bereavement changed his plan of life. He abandoned the profession of his choice to aid his brothers in the management of his father's chemical works, then located in the old district of Kensington. In 1849 he entered into partnership with Powers & Weightnian in the new chemi- cal enterprise commenced by them at the Falls of Schuyl- kill. A few years afterwards he embarked in the business of sugar refining, and in 1S63 bought the old sugar refinery on Vine street, below Third street, in which the "Frank- lin" then took its origin. The business, small in its be- ginning, under his able man- agement and with his energy and enterprise prospered and expanded into the large estab- lishment now on the banks of the Delaware, known every- where for the completeness of its plant and the excellence of its product. He was identified with the "Franklin" until his death. Notwithstanding the ab- sorbing nature of his busi- ness, Mr. Harrison devoted much time to literary and philosophical pursuits. In the church of which he was a member he was held in high esteem for the wisdom of his counsel, the zeal and generosity with which he furthered its educational and charita- ble work. For twenty years he was treasurer of the Episcopal Hos- pital. For some time he was an active manager of the House of Refuge, an inspector of the penitentiary, and a member of the Board of City Trusts. He was a leading member of the Board of Public Charities from its creation until 1S75, when failing health obliged him to resign. His admirable reports while president of that board attracted much attention among those engaged in the management of penal and reformatory- institutions, and his keen and intelligent inspection of the poorhouses and prisons of the State caused the reform of many abuses in their management. George L. Har Mr. Harrison was the author of the legislation which led to the creation of the Committee on Lunacy, which has accomplished so much for the amelioration of the condition of the insane. His energy and means were generously devoted to the accomplishment of this object, which had always been a cherished purpose with him, but the condition of his health prevented his acceptance of the first appointment on that committeelwhich was tendered nim. The Franklin Sugar Refinery, as has been said, was established in 1S63 in a building on Vine street, below Third street, where once stood the first sugar refinery in the L T nited States. The style of the firm was then Harrison, Newhall & Welsh, but very shortly there was a reorganization and the firm became Harrison & Havemever. The capacity of the refinery was then about 40,000 pounds of sugar per day. In 1S66 it became evident that the building was too small for the increasing business and the location undesirable for enlargement. The site now oc- cupied by the Franklin Sugar Refinery, at Delaware avenue and Shippen street, was se- cured, and on it was erected a building fitted with the most approved machinery, capable of an output of 200,000 pounds of sugar daily. From that time the business has steadily grown under the successive firms of Harrison, Havemever & Co. and Harrison, Frazier & Co. , until in 1889 the present company was organized by the members of the latter firm. The refinery buildings, of such substantial structure and enormous height, now cover the three blocks between Bain- bridge and Almond streets and from Front street to the river, besides ground to the north and south of those streets. The floor space is equal to an area of 15.6 acres and it is filled with the newest and most approved machinery and apparatus for sugar refining. The capacity has increased to the amount of 3,000,000 pounds of sugar per day. The docks of the company are daily occupied by vessels discharging cargoes of sugar from all parts of the world, and train after trains of cars are hourly drawn from its sidings destined for all parts of the United States, in which the excellence and purity of the Franklin brand has created a demand which taxes the capa- city of the refinery to supply. As they matured, the sons of Mr. George L. Harrison were associated in the management of the business, and under their skilful and enterprising direction it has continued to prosper. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MANUFACTURERS.— Electric Light Company. THE ELECTRO DYNAMIC COMPANY The Electro Dynamic Company of Philadelphia was organized December 9, 1SS0, by well known Philadelphia capitalists and is the oldest incorporated company for building electric motors in the world. It commenced business with the manufacture of Griscom Double Induction Motor, the invention of W. W. Griscom , the Pres- ident of the Company. It put out a large number of these for use with primary batteries for running sewing machines, fans, dental lathes and mallets, watch-makers' machinery and for all other pur- poses requiring small power. These motors were largely used in all parts of the civilized world. Soon after the organization of the Company the question of electric lighting began to assume importance, and the manufacture of dynamos both for arc and incandescent lighting was undertaken. These dynamos are now in use in all portions of the United States, in Government service, in mines and on shipboard. The machin- ery put out by the Company has been characterized by good work- manship and high efficiency, and the many improvements which have been introduced from year to year have kept it in the front rank of electrical progress. Storage Battery Lighting. The Company is especially known for its connection with the development of storage battery lighting. It was the first in this country to take up this subject and it alone has brought this ideal system to the successful position it now occupies. It has accomplished this against the most bitter opposition of competing systems. Storage battery lighting is now recognized as the only practical method of lighting country houses by electricity which can supplant a private gas plant, and it is by far the most economical method for lighting office buildings and hotels. Some of the finest residences in the country and many of the largest office buildings in the leading cities are now lighted by storage batteries. The advantages are apparent to any one and the economy, both in running expenses and maintenance, has been so thoroughly demonstrated that no one who has given much atten- tion to the subject now disputes it. Much attention has been given to the subject of Central Station Lighting by storage batteries, and this branch of the business gives promise of rapid development in the near future. Suburban towns with residences scattered singly, or in clusters of two or three, over a district three or four miles in diameter can be as effectively and almost as economically lighted by this method as a compactly built town. The storage batteries are located at the houses where they light a single house or several in a cluster, and are charged by a wire connecting them to the dynamos at the station which is located at a central point. Each battery becomes a sub-station, which lights the houses within an area of from twelve hundred to fifteen hundred feet diameter. The power station which supplies all the batteries can be kept running throughout the entire day and night, the dynamos charging one set of batteries for a given period and then another, so that the highest economy of the steam and dynamo plant is secured. The batteries are ready at all hours of the da}- or night to supply current to the lamps, whether they are receiving charge or not, and during the two or three hours of the evening when the heaviest demand is made for current the dynamos and the batteries together feed the lamps. It is possible, therefore, for a power plant capable of lighting directly onlv one thousand lamps, to supply at least three thousand lamps in conjunction with the batteries during the hours of heavy load. The Electro Dynamic Company in the development of this system has devised many appliances for controlling the voltage at the lamps, for regulating the distribution to the batteries, for auto- matically connecting the batteries to the charging circuit and dis- connecting them when fully charged. The results in actual prac- tice have been most satisfactory, and as the field for such installa- tion is a large one, the system must make rapid progress. V oo,ooo. The sales aggregate $750, 000 a year, and the yarn used is about one million pounds every year. A walk over the present great factory of Pilling & Madeley is in itself an education. Nearly everything is done by machinery and the human hands simply act as feeders to the mechanical auto- matons. Wherever labor can be saved and time gained it is done, and the order and regularity is like that of a great army in which the most perfect discipline is required to maintain system and obedience. In one room alone 250 girls and women are employed in working the machines for the manufacture of seamless stockings and the goods seem to materialize from the clicking needles of the machines and the busy hands of the operatives as if by magic. Even the great elevators in the factory work automatically, just a touch of a rope and the machine goes up or down at will and the gates at each floor rise or fall without being touched by a living hand and as if moved by an unseen spirit. All this has been achieved by the industry of three poor English cotton spinners. James Pollock is now the leading manufacturer of Venetian or stair carpet in Philadelphia. Though born in the north of Ireland, he has been in this country since he was five years of age, and though the business is carried on under the old firm name of James Pollock & Son, he has been sole proprietor since the death of his father which occurred in 1S71. When they began the manufacture in 1867, the firm, then composed of his father who was a practical weaver ami himself who had just attained majority, employed only four looms, and from this small beginning has grown the factory at the southwest corner of Tulip and Dauphin streets and a business that, it is believed, is now the largest of its kind for this especial grade of goods in the United States. Mr. Pollock is not only prominent as a manufacturer but for several years has been an important factor in civic affairs. For nine years he was a member of the Board of Public Education and during five of them was Chairman of the Committee on Superin- tendence which effected the greatest reforms in the methods of education that have been made since the establishment of the pub- lic school system in Philadelphia. He was an active member of the famous Committee of One Hundred organized to reform the politics of the city. When the Bi-Centeunial celebration was projected in 18S2 Mr. Pollock, who suggested the idea, was appointed to organize the trades' display which was the most note- worthy exhibition of industries ever witnessed on the streets of a city in this country. The establishment of the Manufacturers' Club was an outgrowth of this splendid demonstration and of this he was one of the organizers and has been from the first a director. He is also a director in the Ninth National Bank of which he was one of the founders, and in the Industrial Trust, Title and Savings Company. In 1S89 an association of iron and textile manufacturers secured a controlling interest in the Florence Cotton and Iron Company of Alabama and elected him their secretary and treasurer. This Company is building an immense furnace at Florence on the Tennessee river. He is a member of the Union League and several other social organizations, including the Five O'clock Club of which he was recently president, and is also president of the Beacon ( church) Dispensary — a noteworthy and practical charity — which provides free medical treatment to more than ten thousand persons annually. THE HARRISON SAFETY BOILER WORKS The Harrison Safety Boiler Works at Germautown Junction owe their origin to an invention made more than thirty years ago by Joseph Harrison, Jr., of Philadelphia, who achieved a wide- spread reputation and great wealth from the construction of rail- ways and engineering work for the Russian Government. Believ- ing it possible to construct a steam generator that would be abso- lutely secure from destructive explosions, even when carelesslv used, and at the same time economical of fuel, he held that the true theory of boiler construction was founded upon a system or series of uniform parts, simple in form and so made and put together that in case of rupture in any portion no general break-up of the struc- ture could occur, the release of the pressure by such rupture merely causing a discharge of the contents without explosion or serious disturbance of any kind. Carrying this idea into practical exe- cution he invented a steam generator that differed radically in form from any that had ever heretofore been constructed This novel form of boiler he submitted to the judgment of mechanical experts, and after subjecting it to many experimental tests he be- gan its manufacture, which he continued with signal success until his death in 1S74. For several years after his decease the business remained dormant, but in 1SS0 it was revived by the present pro- prietors of the works, Messrs. Joseph S. Lowring, Wharton, and Wil- liam L. Hallowell, who, in course of time have made many im- portant improvements upon the original construction in design, form of setting and material employed, resulting in " a product un- surpassed for uniformity, reliability, durability and economical working." No serious explosion has ever occurred where the "Wharton-Harrison boiler" has been in use, and the proprietors present in their circular an array of testimonials from manufactur- ers and others in all parts of the United States. Messrs. Cheney Brothers, the extensive silk manufacturers of South Manchester, Conn., have 32S5 horse power in use, and consider them superior to any other boiler for their purposes. The main office and works of the firm are at Germautown Junction, in the city of Philadelphia, but they have branch offices in New York, Chicago, Minneapolis and Atlanta, Georgia. '93 Stephen Girard Born in Bordeaux, France, May 20, 1750. Came to Philadelphia, May, 1777. Died December 26, 1831. Mariner, Merchant, Banker The richest man of his period. He became a public benefactor in founding Girard College, for the benefit ot poor white male orphans. FROM THE STATUE AT GIRARD COLLEGE PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. COMMERCE. / r N a commercial sense Philadelphia has never maintained the prominence to which it is entitled by its develop- ment of industrial and manufacturing enterprises. But the reason for this defection, a defection more theoretical than actual, is not because of lack of energy or a want of spirit, but is to be found entirely in geographical causes. We are a little too near the Eastern seaboard to derive the full advantages for internal commerce accruing from an accumulation of railroad competition, and we are just a trifle too far from salt water to become the prominent factor in foreign commerce. Nevertheless it must not be assumed that we are of no weight in either or both. That eminence as the leading commercial city which Philadelphia possessed a hundred years ago has been lost by the ravages of time and the more fortunate situations of the newer communities of the country. Yet there still remains with us a sufficiency of business to make us a history well up with the best of them, and to support a mercantile traffic which is none the less secure because not ' of daily reference in public prints, nor any the less profitable because it is conducted conservatively instead of boastfully. The reputation built up by such landmarks as Girard, and the other great merchants of the olden time, is well sustained by those of the present day ; not so national in character, perhaps, since there are a hundred where once there was only one or two ; nor so remarkable now since the exceptional wealth of their day con- centrated in the few, is matched in these days by the many. We lose in multiplication the salient features once possessed in their singularity, and in the combination there is not the opportunity for special distinction of former years. Likely in that new Philadelphia to which all interested in the municipal welfare are looking forward and to whose development the mer- cantile element is bending its energies, the old prestige may be restored tenfold and be all the more brilliant by reason of its present latent condition. For, who can contemplate the grand aggregate of wealth, the unbounded credit, the high standing of the commercial men of the city, and doubt the fact that with an increase of facility more in accord with the needs of business, there will be a regeneration and a renewal of the fame which once made Philadelphia the head and front of American commerce, both internal and foreign. We have the productive industries which are the basis of all commercial operations turning out the goods for sale ; the great an- thracite mines of Pennsylvania find their natural distributive point here ; the grain and cotton intended for export can be as readily shipped and as quickly from here as from any other point, and in return the foreign products can be brought in without difficulty. But these advantages we have been deprived of by reason of inadequate means of transportation and a want of competition in traffic arrangements which have combined to operate against us. And it is to remove these defects in our domestic economy that a successful termination of the endeavors now on foot is needed. The point is, that Philadelphia must become a railroad terminus instead of existing as a station on the line between the seaboard and the West ; that in rates of transportation, in motive power and equipment, it must be made a full equal of any other city in the East. Already great steps have been taken to this end. Competition has fairly begun between three great trunk lines to divide the traffic until lately centered in one, and already the effect of this partition is seen in the revival of our trade and the impetus given to new undertakings of all kinds . The commercial sentiment has been broadened, the volume of transactions distinctly increased, the local pride perceptibly exalted. There is room for further improvement and it ought to be made. We can never get to be too great. It is peremptory that our progress should be continuous. We have within our limits all the requirements of a great commercial city, and they should be encouraged to show themselves. It will need only a reasonable leader to set the ball rolling, and many willing hands can be found to aid it. In the natural course of events it will be found that the commercial status of Philadelphia is the chief theatre open to new comers, and there will always be found room sufficient. Financial cataclysms such as are occasional in other mercantile centres are unknown here. Credit is unimpeached and unassailable. It is to be noted that the peculiar conservatism invariably attaching to Philadelphia's methods is the safest and surest means of attaining perma- nent success. The growth may perhaps be slow, but it is clean, and with that attribute retrogression is impossible. With increasing facilities and the encouragement of the broadened sentiment lately beginning to show itself the future ought to be magnificent in its outcome. The cultivation of local records, known only locally, and made as a matter of local prejudice, will be found replaced by a cosmopolitan development which will bring Philadelphia into the position before the world at large which our own people know by experience it is entitled to and which when reached will be held worthily. South America, the West Indies, the coasting trade, are all open to us if we merely express the desire to grasp them ; the traffic overland into the West, North and South, is waiting our coming. It will be criminal indeed if these opportunities shall be neglected or allowed to become the prey of any other city. We must have them ; we have the ability and the energy equal to them ; we have the capacity to handle them and still ask addition. The commercial greatness once attaching to Philadelphia can be regained, and we venture to say the next decade will prove this statement. 195 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MERCANTILE HOUSES. HOOD, FOULKROD & CO. As a manufacturing city Philadelphia deservedly takes the lead, for the number, size, and importance of its industries. But the Quaker City is also unexcelled for its great mercantile establish- ments, whose branches reach out to every State in the Union, and whose records for honesty and financial stability date back almost to the time when William Penn made his first trade with the Indians. Philadelphia is the nursery of American history, and it is also the pioneer city for great enterprises in trade, and for large commercial corporations. In reviewing the immense business enterprises that have been built up in this city within the last century, and those which con- tribute to the greatest extent in supplying the actual necessities of the people, the firm of Hood, Foulkrod & Co., importers and jobbers of dry goods, notions, etc. , at the southwest corner of Elev- enth and Market streets, should have the first consideration. This great firm holds the leading posi- tion in its particular line in the city, and it is one of the largest in the country. The history of this house dates back as far as 1823, when the late Samuel Hood, father of the present senior member of the firm, commenced the dry goods business in a small way under the name of Hood & Co. The busi- ness prospered, and, from a small beginning, continued to increase until i860, when the firm became Hood, Boubright & Co., James Bonbright being admitted as a member. The business steadily increased until 1864, when they were compelled to take larger quarters, and moved to 529 Mar- ket street. In 1S72 it was again found that more room was neces- sary to meet the demands of their growing business, in consequence of which the late Thomas Powers built for their use the stores at 811, 813 and 815 Market street, which was at that time considered one of the finest mercantile buildings in the country. But "the business still continued to grow, and in 1886 even larger quarters being required, the firm made arrangements with the Board of City Trusts for the erection by the Girard Estate of the handsome structure they now occupy at the corner of Eleventh and Market streets. It was then, in 18S6, that Mr. John Wanamaker came into the concern, and he still further enlarged the trade by his energy and experience. The house continued without anv very important change in its management until July I, 1S90, when a considerable reorganization took place. Mr. Wanamaker found that his other great store demanded his attention, and he was also occupied with the cares of State. He therefore determined to retire, but to infuse new blood into the business by introducing some of his old and trusted employees. He also agreed to show his faith in the stability of the house by leaving one million dollars capital in the business. Messrs. John Wanamaker, Thomas B. Wanamaker, Robert Ogden, and William Bonbright accordingly retired, and the personnel of the new firm was made up as follows : Thomas G. Hood, who for the past forty years has been at the head of the jobbing dry goods business of Philadelphia ; William W. Foulkrod, who was formerly a member of the wholesale notion firm of Thomas J. Mustin & Co. and a manager in John Wanamaker's store ; Uriah G. Fox who has been connected with the wholesale dry goods business since a boy, and who was also a member of the old firm of Hood, Bonbright & Co., having started with the old Reigel firm on Third street ; and Barton F. Blake, who for man}- years held a responsible position with the Bradstreet Mercantile Agency, and later as the financial manager of John Wanamaker's business. With this immense organization of business strength and mercantile ability and experi- ence, the great firm started upon another career of commercial prosperity and success. The invested capital aggregated $2,000,000, besides the $ 1,000, 000 left in the business by Mr. Wanamaker, and the business done at this time amounted to over $12,000,000 annually. Up to the retirement of Mr. Wanamaker the firm had made carpets a considerable part of their dealings, but the new part- ners determined to drop that por- tion of the business, and it is now devoted to wholesale dealings in dry goods, notions, and the lighter class of goods imported from Paris, Switzerland, Ger- many and all parts of Europe. The splendid building in which this immense business is transacted is considered one of the show places of the city, and it is without doubt one of the handsomest and largest in use in the wholesale dry goods business in the country. It is entirely of iron, six stories high, being one hundred and forty feet from the pavement to the top of the tower. The dimensions of the building are 160 feet front on Market street, ]So feet on Eleventh street, 160 feet on Girard street, and 1S0 feet on West street — the latter being a private street from which the house does all its shipping. The basement'is used for domestic dry goods ; the first floor is devoted exclusively to dress goods, in which can be found all the different fabrics of foreign and domestic manufacture, from the lowest price cotton goods up to the finest silks made ; the second floor isdevoted to hosiery, underwear, gloves, and notions; the third floor to linens, white goods, and upholstery goods ; the fourth floor to hosiery and underwear exclusively ; the fifth floor to sample room, together with storage room ; the sixth floor is the packing and shipping room. Every convenience that can possibly be thought of for trans- acting a large business with dispatch can be found in this building. Here can be seen daily a great army of clerks and salesmen who are busy carrying out the details of the various departments, and helping along the wheels in the machinery of a great business which is the pride and glory of the City of Philadelphia. In addi- tion to the large staff in the main establishment the firm has buyers in every large city and emporium in the world, and it has agencies at No. 337 Broadway, New York ; at Market and Monroe streets, Chicago, and No. 23 Theater Strasse, Chemnitz, Switzerland. Thomas G. Hood 196 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MERCANTILE HOUSES. YOUNG, SMYTH, FIELD & CO. Importers of Hosiery, Gloves, White Goods, Notions, etc. Manufacturers of Hosiery, Gloves, Shirts, etc. This firm has been established and in successful operation for nearly half a century, and necessarily attracts more than ordinary attention among the larger commercial operations of the city. The firm are extensive importers of Hosiery, White Goods, Notions, etc. Their trade is of large proportions, stimulated by an active demand from all parts of the United States for the finer pro- ducts of foreign skill and ingenuity, in articles pertaining to the line of ladies' and gentlemen's furnishing goods, etc. The business was first established in 1842, by Mr. Armar Young, and in 184S the name of the firm was changed to Armar Young, Bro. & Co.; in 1S55 Young, Moore & Co. succeeded ; in 1S6S David Young & Co., and in 1869 the present firm was organized, consist- ing of Mr. David Young, Mr. Isaac S. Smyth, Mr. John Field, and Mr. Theo. R. Graham. In the fall of 1S90 Mr. Young deceased, the surviving partners continuing the firm under the same style of Young, Smyth, Field & Co. The premises occupied are at Nos. 816, 818 and S20 Mar- ket street, on which is erected a massive brick structure, eight stories in height, 47 feet in width by 2S0 feet in depth, with every convenience for handling, displaying and ship- ping goods. The stock carried is not surpassed in quality and excellence by any house in the country. Their buyers are men of good judgment regarding the requirements of the Amer- ican trade, and of equally good taste in making their selec- tions in the priucipal manu- facturing centres of Europe, in Germany, England, France, anil Switzerland, from houses noted for their productions of leading styles and novelties. Their European branch house is in Chemnitz, No. 23 Theater strasse, in the centre of the hosiery district of Germany. It is the aim of Messrs. Young, Smyth, Field & Co., also to be at the front with the leading houses of the country, in opening to purchasers the latest and choicest styles and novelties simultaneously with their appearance in London and Paris. The firm have a large fac- tory at No. 54 N. Fourth street in this city, for manufacturing shirts, overalls, etc., and em- ploy a force of about 400 hands. Also hosiery mills at Bristol, Pa., where are produced their justly celebrated " Y. S. F." brand of fast color hosiery, and a glove factory at Germantown, Pa. The trade of the house is very large not only in the city and State, but covers the country from ocean to ocean. The character- istics which have regulated the policy of this house, have entitled it to general respect and consideration, and in every respect they are known as one of the most enterprising and successful houses, contributing largely to the facilities and reputation of Philadelphia as a commercial centre. city. In after years his two sons, William P. and Rodman B., were admitted into partnership with him and the firm became John B. Ellison & Sons. Under this name the business is still carried on, although the founder has been dead oyer a quarter of a century. Members of the firm now comprise, in addition to those men, Henry II., William R., and John B. Ellison, grandsons of the founder, and William II. Lewis. The business of the house, established through the inflexible industry and unblemished integrity of John p.. Elli- son, has attained extended proportions, witli branch offices in New York, Boston, Chicago, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Baltimore, Loudon and Montreal. The handsome and commodious quarters at Nos. 22, 24 and 26 S. Sixth street, extending through to Decatur street, was erected by the linn in 1881. It is the oldest, and there is no wholesale woollen importing house in America more extensive in its operations. In addition to the great mercantile enterprise which he founded Mr. Ellison was identified with several other institutions of high standing of a financial as well as of a public character. Emphatic in the interest which he took in the affairs of government as well as of party development, he ardently espoused the princi- ples of the Republican party when it came into power in 1861, and was its earnest sup- porter and believer in the suc- cess of the Government in the war of the Rebellion. Mr. Ellison was a member of the Society of Friends, as were his ancestors for over a century. He was retiring in his disposition and in an indi- vidual and quiet way largely given to charitable deeds. In early life he took an active in- terest in the Philadelphia So- ciety for the establishment and support of Charity Schools, in- corporated in 1801. He was treasurer of the society from January 5, 1S41, to January 3, 1S60, and at the time of his death, March 7, 1865, had been Chairman of the Board of Managers from January 11, i860, and a member since Jan- uary 6, 1S29. He was married February 5, 1824, to Hannah Moore, daughter of John and Hannah Moore. They had four chil- dren. William P., Rodman B., Elizabeth M. and Margaret Ellison. JOHN B. ELLISON & SONS John B. Ellison, the founder of this widely-known firm, was born in this city in 1794. His parents were James and Margaret Ellison. Mr. Ellison received an excellent academic education at the well-known Westown school. His taste developing in the direction of mercantile pursuits he became in early years a confidential clerk with Benjamin Warner, a prominent publisher and bookseller of this city. In 1823 he established himself in the woollen business at the southeast corner of Second and Market streets, thus inaugu- rating a mercantile house which eventually developed into one of the most extensive of the numerous commercial features of this JOSEPH H.COATES& CO. Ellison The business of this firm was originally established in 1S65, in the city of Philadelphia, and carried on under the name of Claghorn & Herring at No. 120 Chestnut street and continued up to January, 1878; after that time the business was re-organized under the firm name of Edward H. Coates&Co., with Mr. Charles E. Claghorn and Mr. Herring as special partners. The business con- tinued under that name till January 1 , 1889, when the old firm was dissolved and the present one formed, as Joseph H. Coates &; Co., Joseph II. Coates, Harrison B. Schell and John Walter Gummey being general partners and Charles E. Claghorn and Edward H. Coates special partners. Mr. Herring has since died. The busi- ness of the firm is confined to the selling of cotton and cotton yarns, woollen and worsted yarns on commission. The members of the firm bring to bear the widest range of practical experience in this particular line of business. They do a large export trade in cotton to England and the continent, and represent several large cotton mills in North and South Carolina and State of Georgia. Mr. Harrison B. Sehell has been connected with the yarn business for over twenty years, and Mr. John Walter Gummey has likewise been in the cotton business for about the same length of time. The firm have branch offices at Norfolk, Ya., and Galveston, Tex., for shipping cotton to foreign ports. Mr. Joseph H. Coates is a member of the Manufacturers' Club, Union League Club, and also one of the direc- tors of the Farmers' and Mechanics' National Bank of this city. 197 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MERCANTILE HOUSES. STRAWBRIDGE & CLOTHIER In 1862 Justus C. Strawbridge and Isaac H. Clothier opened a dry goods store in an old fashioned three story brick building, which occupied a portion of the site on which the immense struc- ture of the firm is located. The nucleus of the present great house of Strawbridge & Clothier was started with a force of but fifteen employees, and as the business aggregated only about $40,000 a year they were all-sufficient. In a few years Messrs. Strawbridge & Clothier found themselves cramped for room, and in 1868 moved temporarily to the opposite side of the street, while the five story building and other extensions which marked the firm's next step in advance were being made. A still further increase of business demanded the possession of adjacent properties, and so gradually building after build- ing was secured, on Eighth street as well as Market street. About six years ago eleven three-story brick houses on Filbert street were purchased and added to the main build- ing. Additions after additions were made, until now, as com- bined in one vast structure, the buildings stand 155 feet on Market street and 236 feet on Filbert street. The entire depth is 305 feet. On Filbert street, opposite their buildings, the firm have erected commo- dious stables, arranged after the fashion of those of the Bon Marche, Paris. The first floor is for the accommodation of delivery wagons and harness, the second for stabling the horses, and the third for feed and rooms for the engineers, stablemen, etc. The establishment of Strawbridge & Clothier is the largest strictly dry goods store in the world. There is nothing in New York or London of equal size, and in Paris the nearest approach is the Bon Marche. That, however, is not exclusively given over to dry goods, and Strawbridge & Clothier therefore justly claim that their establishment is without an equal. Each department has its own special place, all being arranged as experience has shown for the quickest transaction of business. On the first floor the main stock, comprising cloths, silks, dress goods, and linens, and French and American cottons, flannels, blankets, and domestics are dis- played. There is here a bureau of information with telegraph and telephone accommodations, where postage stamps can be secured and railroad time tables can be consulted. On this floor there are retail goods entirely- The cashier and package wrappers are in balconies hung on the wall, and to them are sent the wire baskets Justus C. Strawbridge constantly running to and fro with their packages of innumerable sizes and values. On the second floor millinery, carpets, uphol- stery, ladies' suits, wraps, shawls, and boys' clothing are displayed. The third floor is also used for the display of goods much of the same character as those shown on the second floor. The fourth floor is the mail order department, with all conveniences for receiv- ing and answering correspondence, and employing the services of between fifty and sixty people. The fifth and sixth floors are used for storage and a large space in the rear of the building is for such work as can be done in the open air. The firm has frequently been ssked to add other departments, but even with their numerous an- nexes they find it impossible to comply. Among the other goods handled in large quantities are worsted novelties and novelties in cot- ton goods, designs in French wool, velvet and plush bro- cades, fancy robes for ladies' dresses, heavily embroidered, great fine silk, brocaded, and embroidered dress fronts, many of them imported. All the latest ideas in bead em- broidery are shown on the fronts of garments. The silk counter is 200 feet long and the largest in the United States. Beginning with heavy black silks, the stock runs to all the milliners' shades and tones. There are printed challies, mohairs, cashmeres, checks, plaids, mournings, and half mourning goods. There are low priced materials, as cali- coes, ginghams, and the vari- ous articles shownlin the linen department. There are coun- ters devoted to lawns and seer- suckers, table and piano cov- ers, ladies' wraps and jackets, and misses' coats, velvets of all varieties, calico and silk wrappers and imported evening costumes. There is a dark room on the first floor where ladies' toilets are displayed by either gas or electric light. The room is hung with mirrors and surrounded by curtains, which can be drawn back at pleasure, thus giving a purchaser the opportunity of seeing a dress by daylight, gas, or electric light. In the millinery department there are bonnets of every size and shape conceivable. The shades of their materials are innumerable. The buyers of the firm are sent to the most distant parts of the earth. The trade is classified under various heads, and each depart- ment has its own force to make purchases. Under the system perfected by Strawbridge & Clothier, shop- ping by mail is almost as satisfactory as a personal visit. Experi- enced artists make exact copies of the articles on view in the vari- ous departments and send out the illustrations with descriptions 198 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MERCANTILE HOUSES. and prices accompanying. Care must be taken by the persons or- dering to insure satisfaction. The following simple directions will be found useful : " When writing be sure to have your name, post- office, county and state written plainly. Full and legible addresses besides greatly facilitating business insure prompt attention. Illeg- ible orders and imperfect addresses are necessarily attended to last. Always sign the same name, as much annoyance is often caused by the receiver of the order not knowing that Mrs. Mary Smith and Mrs. John Smith mean the same. Articles may be returned which do not please after being received, provided they are returned in perfect condition. In returning them by mail they must be so wrapped that the contents of the package may be examined at the postoffice without having to cut the wrapper or the cord with which it may be tied. If tied with string, a slip-knot, and not a hard knot, should be made. The package must not be pasted or sealed. An en- velope notched at the corners is not a proper wrapper. Writing of any kind must not be inclosed in the package, but the name and address of the sender may be written upon the outside. Any viola- tion of these regulations sub- jects the package to letter postage, which in many cases exceeds the value of the goods. When you return goods always write to Strawbridge & Cloth- ier on the same day." Cus- tomers are urged to have valu- able articles sent by express, as the companies are responsi- ble and will pay for the goods if lost. Over forty men and women are constantly em- ployed in the mailing and ex- press department alone, and the sales amount to hundreds of thousands of dollars annually. The wholesale department was established in 1880, and its chief business is in silk and dress goods, and within recent years it has dealt largely with imported fabrics. It has now from forty to fifty men on the road, and their buyers are all over the world. In this great establishment there are dressing rooms and lunch rooms for the employees. The lunch rooms are comfortably furnished, and here the clerks can eat their own meals which they have brought with them, and where, if desired, tea, milk and coffee and a good lunch is served at a nominal price. The employees of Strawbridge & Clothier participate in the profits of the firm, while liberal salaries are paid to all. The firm further contribute to the beneficial association of their employees. It urges and encourages its employees to form associations for the saving of money, and "The Strawbridge & Clothier Saving Fund " Isaac H. Clothier has been for several years a marked success. One of the most pleasant features of the management is the free entertainments given frequently at the Academy of Music. Every employee who wishes a seat is supplied, and can invite a friend. There is positively no favoritism in the distribution of tickets, as the pasteboards are thoroughly mixed up before being given out. The entire seating capacity of the Academy is always filled and in addition as many admission tickets as the regulations allow are distributed. Justus C. Strawbridge was born near Reading, Pa., in 1838. He is a son of Dr. George F. Strawbridge, a graduate of the medi- cal department of the University of Pennsylvania. When young Strawbridge was ten years of age his father died, when his mother removed to Philadelphia, bringing the child with her, Mrs. Strawbridge having been born in this city. When but sixteen years of age young Justus entered a wholesale silk house at a salary of $50 a year. As has been shown, in 1862 he entered the commercial field with Isaac H. Clothier as part- ner, and the two gentlemen have been associated together ever since. Mr. Strawbridge is a di- rector in the Provident Life and Trust Company, the Dela- ware Insurance Company, the Haverford College, the Ger- mantown Saving Fund, Presi- dent of the City Bridge Corn- pan}', and a member of nu- merous charitable and educa- tional institutions. 1 1 was mainly through the efforts of Mr. Strawbridge that the bridge across the Schuylkill River was built. Mr. Straw- bridge was always prominent in politics, was a member of the Committee of One Hundred, and afterwards of the Committee of Fifty. Mr. Isaac H. Clothier was born November 5, 1837, and began his mercantile career in the establishment of Messrs. George D. Parrish & Co., importers, Chestnut street, above Third. He as- sisted in organizing the firm of Morris, Clothier & Lewis, and was a member until he withdrew and joined Mr. J. C. Strawbridge in establishing the firm of Strawbridge & Clothier. Mr. Clothier has been actively identified with the educational interests of the city generally, and witli Swarthmore College in particular, having served as a manager many years. He also donated {40,000 to said college, with which "The Isaac H. Clothier Chair " of Latin lan- guage and literature was endowed. He is a director of the Phila- delphia National Bank and a member of the Union League. 199 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. MERCANTILE HOUSES. LIPPINCOTT, JOHNSON & COMPANY The business of this house was established in the year 1S2S, by Lippincott & Perry, who continued it until 1S65, when the firm be- came as at present organized, consisting of Mr. Joshua W. Lippin- cott, Mr. Ellwood Johnson and Mr. David T. Burr, thus, during the loug period of over sixty years admitting of but one change in the firm name ; which, together with the uninterrupted, successful career of the house, through all the great financial crises of the country that have tried the stability, skill and credit of financial and com- mercial firms to the utmost, is a point deserving of comment. The house is everywhere known as the oldest in Philadelphia, engaged in the wholesale trade in woolens, and early in its career attained a prominent position and became noted for the extent of their importations, and the great variety of domestic manufactures carried. Their connections with many of the leading manufactu- rers of Europe have been in continuous existence, for more than half of a century. The experience acquired in such a time, the acquaintances made with business men, the history of commercial houses rising and falling through all these years, known to them, would make an interesting record of mercantile life. It is, however, the knowledge and practical experience so acquired that lend to the house its supremacy and importance, and bring to Philadelphia customers from every section of the I'nilcd States to find in their stock of cloths the finest fabrics known to the merchant tailoring trade of America whether of foreign or domestic make. The premises occupied at 629 Market street are 22 x 130 feet in dimensions and comprise the entire four stories and basement of the building. The stock collected here aud the perfect facilities for the prompt fulfilment of orders, have been duly appreciated by the trade and from year to year the firm have held their customers to the extent of their accommodations. Their salesmen visit the principal cities and, in all, a staff of thirty employees are engaged in their operations. Sir. Lippincott was born near Riverton, New Jersey, and is a nephew of the founder of the house, aud for thirty years has been active in the mercantile and financial interests of Philadelphia. He is a Director in the National State Bank of Camden. Mr. Johnson was born in Germantown ; for more than twenty- five years he has been a Trustee in the Penu Mutual Life Insurance Co., and active in the interests of the firm anil the city. Mr. Burr is a native of Burlington, New Jersey, and also for more than fifty years has been identified with the business interests of Philadelphia. ALFRED H. LOVE Alfred Henry Love, of the firm of Alfred H. Love & Co., Com- mission merchants for the sale of cotton aud woolen goods, was born in Philadelphia, September 7, 1830. His parents were William H. Love and Rachel Love, formerly Evans, highly esteemed aud in- terested in good works. William H. Love was one of the earliest merchants in Philadelphia to establish a distinctive cloth business ami imported some of the finest goods for men's wear that came to thi> country. Alfred H. Love graduated in the Central High School and when seventeen vears old entered his father's store at fifty dollars a year, and when of age was admitted a member of the firm, making visits to the South and West, and also to Europe in 1854. In the fifteenth year of his age he aided in organizing the American Literary Union which was chartered in 1.N49, and he has been its President for over thirty years. While at school he assisted in editing a magazine in manuscript, and at different periods has been on the Board of Management of the Mercantile Library aud Spring Garden Institute. In 1859 he was elected a member of the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons, now the Pennsylvania Prison Society ami of which he is a Vice- President, and continues his visits to prisons, and succeeded Joseph R. Chandler as the Editor of the Journal of Prison Discipline and Philanthropy. He has several times been a delegate to the National Prison Congresses and once commissioned by Governor Beaver to rep- resent the State of Pennsylvania. He was early interested in the cause- of Peace and Arbitration as a substitute for war. and his peace principles were severely tested in 1S63 at the time of the late civil war, when he was drafted. He firmly maintained his conscientious convictions, refusing to become a soldier or to comply with any of the active provisions of the commutation law ; he would neither pay the exemption fee nor accept a substitute though both were offered him. He stood by the Bill of Rights of the State of Penn- sylvania, viz : "No human authority can in any case whatsoever con- trol or interfere with the rights of conscience. " He refused to sell goods for the army or navy. He had always been a strong anti- slavery man and willingly aided the freedmen and sick and wounded soldiers wherever found. In 1S66 he was one of the founders of the Universal Peace Union, a society organized to re- move the causes aud abolish the customs of war ; to establish the principles and live the conditions of peace. This society was after- wards chartered, and he was made its President and still holds that office. He has assisted in a number of important arbitrations, notably the strike of the shoemakers in 18S4 and 18S5, when he aided in formulating the eleven cardinal rules for the settlement of difficulties between capital and labor and which have proven effi- cient in preventing a number of strikes and lockouts. With Lucre- tia Mott, Dr. Childs and others he early suggested the Treaty of Washington and the Geneva Arbitration for the settlement of the difficulties between this country and Great Britain, and has always been prompt to propose an amicable adjustment of disputes between nations or individuals. For nearly a quarter of a century he has edited the Peacemaker and Court of Arbitration, a monthly magazine, the organ of the Peace Union, and he has aided in estab- lishing some thirty branch Peace societies in different parts of the world. He has vigorously labored for disarmament and the estab- lishment of an International Tribunal of Arbitration. He has al- ways taken an active part in behalf of equal rights, temperance, the abolition of the death penalty, true religion, the Indians and the oppressed of all nations, the relief of the poor, aud reformatory work in politics and commerce, being a member of the Board of Trade and various benevolent societies. While firm aud radical in his position, he is liberal and charitable to all irrespective of political or religious differences. The business of the firm is largely in felt goods, being the most extensive in this line in Philadelphia, aud materially extending the demand for this important industry of our country. The offices of the firm of A. H. Love & Co., are at 219 Chest- nut street. PHILIP S. JUSTICE & COMPANY The firm of Philip S. Justice & Company are dealers in heavy railw-ay supplies, such as rails, tyres, wheels, and axles, forging machines, hydraulic machinery, etc. Previous to 1812, and long afterwards, the firm of George M. & G. R. Justice conducted a job- bing hardware business on Market street, the senior partner of that firm being the father of Philip S., with whom he acquired his business education. In 183S he organized the firm of Steinmetz & Justice, which later on admitted Alfred B. Justice to partnership, and continued for many years thereafter as Justice, Steinmetz & Justice. About 1856 Mr. Philip S. Justice withdrew from the firm and organ- ized the firm of Philip S. Justice & Co., associating with him Mr. Beam, Mr. Cobb, Mr. Crout, Mr. Wilsou, and Mr. J. Howard Mitch- ell, the last of all Mr. Justice's partners, being the only one living. Iu 1859 the hardware business was abandoned and the energies of the firm concentrated on the railway supply business, which began to be the leading feature. A large order for imported wrought iron wheels and axles from the Canadian and Northwestern Railroads, and a little later the first steel rails ever laid in this country were imported for Mr. Thomson, President of the Pennsylvania Railroad ; these rails were of crucible steel and broke all to pieces the first winter. Other orders, however, followed from the same road for rails of a milder — less brittle — quality, aud proved a great success and the introduction of steel rails into this country. The Old Beaver Meadow (now Lehigh Valley) also gave an order for 100 tons of steel rails at $125 per ton in gold ; gold then being at a premium of about 100 per cent., the rails cost $250 per ton currency. To-day rails of a superior quality of American manufacture can be bought for $30 per ton currency ! ! Mr. Justice was the pioneer of the enormous steel rail interests of the country. In 1.X66 Mr. Justice organized and built the Butcher Steel Works (now the Midyale Steel Works I on the line of the Reading Railroad at Nicetown, and then made the first steel tyres manufactured iu America, besides axles, frogs, and forgiugs, and from a small plant costing some 5150,000 to #200,000, the present large and extensive establishment has grown with its million to two millions of investment. For many years Mr. Justice has resided in London in charge of interests there, while Mr. Mitchell attends to the business in Philadelphia. Their connections cover the Ameri- can continent. Many new devices have been introduced by this firm in the way of American machinery in England, France, aud Ger- many. Mr. George M. Justice devoted much time to scientific attainments, and imported and presented the large telescope to the High School. While in business in Market street he commanded the confidence of a large circle of business friends for whom he acted as banker in 181 2 and afterwards. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. MERCANTILE HOUSES. PHIL. J. WALSH Phil. J. Walsh the proprietor of America's largest instalment house has, undoubtedly, been the most successful of all those in his special Hue. It is the boon for honest housekeepers to be blessed with such a gentleman to deal, where they can secure what thev desire for their personal or household needs on the easiest of weekly payments at prices that compare favorably with those exacted at the largest cash houses. The difference between the credit and cash houses is looked at by many in different phases. It is a blessing for those who have not the ready cash wherewith to make their purchases if they fall into the hands of a gentleman like Mr. Walsh, whose business methods and integrity are beyond question. But it is a curse to fall into the meshes of the nets of many of the unscrupulous dealers who believe that the road to success tends to fleece the person who buvs on credit. Of one thing those desiring to buy on Mr. Walsh's plan can feel assured, that they will get honest goods at honest prices, and his liberal offer to those who deal with him, that " if the goods arc not satisfactory and as represented, I will allow all reasonable claims," protects them in their purchases. This motto has been the key note of success of the vast busi- ness founded by this prosperous merchant, and the immense building, of which we give the illustration on this page, rises as a memento above all others as the result of tiie mammoth pro- portions to which his trade has grown. Let us wander back a few years and meet Mr. Walsh as the enterprising young busi- ness man starting out with nothing but a small amount of stock in trade and a large store of perseverance, and follow him up through the struggles of early business life. Starting in a modest way at Fourth and Washington ave., he forged his way ahead until, in a short time, he found his facilities were inadequate to the demand of his steadily increasing trade, and consequently was forced to look up some location more central. With an apparently grc d stride he moved to Monroe street near Second, to a private house where his home comforts and business were provided un- der the one roof; but the restless spirit of progress was still on the move and, ever on the alert to push further ahead, he estab- lished a branch in Camden, N. J., where he found an ex- cellent field ; but the Monroe street house became too small for the growing Philadelphia trade, and an opportunity of two stores on Second street below Bainbridge street, offered itself, and then began the growing process which finally lauded him among the largest business houses of the city, where he incorporated his entire business under one roof at No. 28 South Second street. It seemed as though this store was too much. It covered a consider- able area of floor space, and the stock from the combined stores could be nicely hidden in a small part of this large four-story building. However, Mr. Walsh was not disconcerted at this and he filled it up with desirable merchandise, the newest and best things the market offered, and business still kept increasing until in a very few years he found that he would be compelled to procure more room ; and again the opportunity presented itself in the ground, where now stands the largest credit house in the world. The properties 32 and 34 South Second street, were for sale, and with his growing business demands Mr. Walsh concluded to purchase the properties and erect a model business house with all the modern facilities of present-day methods, and hence sprung the White Palace so well known to the people of Philadelphia and the surrounding counties. Of the most modern style of architecture, with a solid iron front and seven floors devoted to every class of merchandise, this grand building rears its head far above those of the neighborhood, and has given a new life to old Second street, the most important Phil. J. Walsh's Stores business street in days gone by. The entire first floor of Xo. 28 store is devoted to the display of watches, diamonds, jewelry, silver- ware, china, lamps, bric-a-brac fancy ornaments, hardware, cutlery, soaps, perfumery, garden hose, screens, pictun econd', to the offices of the collectors and the dressmaking department; the third and fourth, to the manufacture of mattresses, .Mr. Walsh feels more confidence in selling those produced on his premises, as he knows that above all else they should be m ide well and that after a day's toil nothing is more essential to the welfare of the workingman than to have an easy bed where the slet :p will not have "to be courted," but will come when the weary worker seeks his couch. The building No. 30 is devoted to the business offices, the dining-room of the employees, the department for the bushcling of the clothing, and his complete printing establishment. The next building occupies 32 and 34 South Second street, where the bustle during busy season, and, in fact all the vear round, is a strong evidence of the popularity of the business as carried on under Mr. Walsh's admirable system. In this building the entire first floor, with the exception of Mr. Walsh's private offices, is devoted to ladies' wear ; everything imaginable for the general use and personal use as well is to be found here in profusion, dress goods, and underwear and hosi- ery, silks and satins, wrap-jack- ets, blazers, boots, shoes, and slippers, millinery, umbrellas, and every little detail necessary for the complete outfit of the fair sex, as well as a department for household requisites, such as table and bed linens, napkins, spreads, blankets, bureau scarfs, table covers, lace and chenille curtains. The second floor is devoted entirely to wearing ap- parel for men, boys and children, embracing a handsome line of ready - made clothing of Mr. Walsh's own manufacture, as well as the best that can be had from the most reliable wholesale clothing houses in the country. Everything in this department mii\/ be as represented and if the goods turn out otherwise, it is always a pleasure for Mr. Walsh to make the customer such an allowance as he thinks will recompense him. This floor also contains the gent's furnish- ing, shoe and hat departments, where all the latest novelties can lie had during the season. The third floor is devoted to the dis- play of carpets, rugs, mats, oil- cloth, art squares, matting, and everything imaginable for the covering of floors of houses of all degrees. The line embraces the finest grades of body brussels, moquettes, wiltons, ingrains and tapestry. One would be hard to please if they could not find in this beautiful array some pattern to strike their taste, as the variety shown covers almost every color, everv pattern and every cover produced. The fourth is the be- ginning of the furniture exhibit. Here, in endless assortment are shown brocatelle, rug, tapestry, mohair, silk and embossed plush parlor suites, mirrors, ladies' and gents' desks, fancy rockers, book- cases, library tables, cabinets, and china closets, making a most complete arrav. The fifth floor is devoted to bed-room suites, sideboards, hall stands, chiffoniers, and are shown in every style and every class of wood. Lounges, couches, sofa, mantel and folding beds, wardrobes, baby carriages, cribs, refrigerators and ice chests are on the sixth floor. The basement is used for kitchen and common chairs, the shipping department, the dynamos, which furnish the large arc-lights used throughout the stores, and the toilet rooms. In the sub-cellar are the immense engines which furnish the power fir the elevators and the dynamos. Mr. Walsh justly feels proud at the progress he has made in the establishment and reconstruction of the instalment business, and his advice to many who badlv used those who bought on credit, is that, as the illustrious Lincoln said: " You can fool some of the people all the time, and all of the people some of the time, but you can't fool all the people all the time," if you would prosper in trade. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. MERCANTILE HOUSES. HALL & CARPENTER Hall & Carpenter, importers of tin and terne plates, metals, tinsmiths' and stove makers' supplies, sheet copper, iron, tinners' tools, machines, &c. Aptly, indeed, has it been said that " knowl- edge is power," and perhaps in no country is the thirst for informa- tion more marked than in our own, nor indeed anywhere has that information when acquired been utilized to more definite purpose and advantage, as is amply evidenced by the gigantic commercial enterprises so marked among our commercial business and manu- facturing firms of this city, which cannot be better exemplified than in the firm of Messrs. Hall & Carpenter, importers of tin and terne plates, sheet metals, tinsmiths' and stove- makers' supplies, &c. No house in the city of Philadelphia stands in a better condi- tion to minister to the wants of the trade or carries a more complete line of goods that does the firm of Messrs. Hall & Carpenter, occu- pying central and extensive premises, comprising five stories and basement, 22 x 255 feet in dimensions, at No. 709 Market street, running cleai back to Filbert street. Mr. Augustus R. Hall is the founder and now sole partner in this house. He was born in Paterson, N. J., and came to this city with his parents when quite young, and at the age of twenty-one years became con- nected with the old firm of W. N. & G. Ta^dor, importers of tin and terne plates, sheet-iron aud other metals. In 1S62 he became a co- partner with George E. Taylor and William Y. Taylor, under the firm name of N. & G. Taylor Co. , and had the control aud full charge in the sales de- partment. On February I, 1867, Mr. Hall withdrew from the firm and founded the house of Hall & Carpenter. When Mr. Car- penter died in June, 18S3, Mr. Hall then became proprietor and carries on the business under the firm name of Hall 6t Carpenter. Mr. Hall is a gen- tleman highly esteemed in trade circles for his deport- ment, sound business princi- ples, energy and integrity. He is moreover an active and honored member of the Ma- sonic fraternity, and a gener- ous, public-spirited citizen. In early days he became very much interested in shipping interests between this country and England, and by his untir- ing zeal in that direction has received the credit justly due him of having tin and terne plates aud other merchandise in their line of business imported by steamship direct from England to Philadelphia. Mr. Hall is a member of the Historical Society of Pennsylva- nia, honorary member of the First Regiment, Veteran Corps, the Board of Trade, Maritime Exchange, Commercial Exchange, Frank- lin Institute, Union League, Art Club, Manufacturers' Club, &c. The firm are noted for keeping on hand one of the largest stocks of goods in their particular line, and are highly esteemed in trade circles, while its trade is influential throughout the United States. The trade is naturally attracted by the honorable methods and straightforward dealings of the firm and the eminently satisfactory manner in which their orders are filled, and maintaining for this house the supremacy of this important branch of trade. The estab- lishment is a famous laud-mark in Philadelphia aud a lasting monu- ment to the industry aud developed enterprise of its founder aud his successors. devoted to the wholesale and retail china and glassware trade, is that of Messrs. R. J. Allen, Son & Co., which has been established over a quarter of a century ago by Messrs. R. J. and R. D. Allen ; both gentlemen are thoroughly expert and enterprising importers of art goods and are now doing a very large and steadily increasing trade. The premises occupied by the firm, are very spacious and commodious, consisting of a massive six story and basement build- ing 35 feet front by 200 feet in dimensions, elegant in all its appoint- ments and perfect in convenience and arrangement for the display- ing, inspection and sale of the choicest class of goods. The stock carried is not only elaborate but very large and attractive in the highest degree and one of the most comprehensive of its kind to be found in the City of Philadelphia. It embraces artistic pottery, queenswarc aud glassware brought from nearly every factory in the world. Among the richly decorated goods are dinner, breakfast, tea and toilet sets in great profusion and of the latest patterns and designs, fine cut glassware, lamps, vases and ornamental pieces in Bohemian glass ; aud the latest novelties from European manufac- turers in special sets for oysters, soup, fish, game, fruit, entree, etc. ; also artistic pottery for wedding aud other presents, in great variety. Here are also heavy china, stone, earthen- ware and glass for hotel, res- taurant aud steamboat use, in addition to a fine assortment of goods and ornamental ware for family use, and pariau, majol- ica and fancy articles of every description aud too numerous to mention. The firm has its source of supply from the vari- ous potteries of Limoges, Staf- fordshire, South Germany, France and Carlsbad, and the glass factories of Bohemia and Belgium ; and their facilities for procuring goods in vast quantities and at advantageous rates enable them to readily meet the tastes and require- ments of all classes of buyers, and to offer inducements to the trade, as regards both re- liability of goods and liberality of terms, at prices which can- not be duplicated elsewhere in the c i t v . The business is wholesale and retail and all goods are warranted exactly as represented. All the members of the firm stand exceedingly high in business circles and have large connections and also branch houses at 2S Barclay street, New York City, aud Baltimore, Md. Augustus R. Hall SHARPLESS & WATTS R. J. ALLEN, SON & CO. R.J. Allen, Son & Co., importers of earthenware, china, glass- ware and lamps, etc., 1124 aud 1126 Market street. One of the largest and finest establishments in the City of Philadelphia, Sharpless & Watts, importers and dealers in decorative tiles, Roman marble mosaic, &c. The firm of Sharpless & Watts has won a national reputation in the several lines of goods they handle, and in no establishment of its kind in the city of Philadelphia is there a more attractive or interesting display. The firm consists of W. C. Sharpless and I). H. Watts, both gentlemen of energy, enter- prise aud true American grit. Knowing the wants of the trade thev have faithfully supplied them. Their one great aim was to please, aud in this thev have succeeded beyond the most sanguine expectations, building up themselves a trade which ranks among the most prominent in the city. It was established in 1S50 at No. 1325 Market street, but the business so steadily increased that the quarters were entirely too small, and they removed to their present location in the Baker Building, No. 1522 Chestnut street. Later they erected a large building in the rear for the manufacture of brass and wrought iron goods and Roman mosaic mantel work, heaters, ranges, etc. The firm are importers and dealers in every description of decorative tiles for floors, walls, etc., designers and artificers in ceramic work for the permanent enrichment of hearths aud facings, vestibules, bath rooms, conservatories, kitchens, creameries, etc., PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. MERCANTILE HOUSES. ami for banks, trust and saying institutions, churches, stores, club houses, and public buildings generally. They make a specialty of Roman marble mosaic, and are workers in brass, bronze and wrought iron from original designs for grilles, screens, partitions, etc., in which they possess une- qualled facilities for execution. The firm do not simply confine themselves to importing and manufacturing their goods, but have gained well-earned reputation as inventors and patentees, as their " Ideal tile-lined bath tub," which is the perfection of excellence, furnishes ample proof. Besides the goods named above the firm handle low-down and basket grates in japan- ned, oxydized, brass, bronze, copper, etc., for burning wood or coal ; wood mantels, andirons, fenders, fire-sets, coal and wood hods, screens, easels, etc. Among some of the more noted build- ings in which the goods of the firm form a por- tion of the trimmings and decorations are the State, War and Navy Departments, at Wash- ington ; Pratt Library and Kcnncrt House, Bal- timore; New Citv Hall, Drexel Building, Bullitt Building. Chestnut Street National Bank, and a host of others in Phila- delphia. JAMES E.MITCHELL & CO. This representative house was established ill the city of Philadelphia in [870 by Mr. James E. Mitchell, trading under the firm name of James E. Mitchell & Co., for the purpose of conduct- ing a commission busi- ness in hosiery and weaving yarns at No. 36 South Front street. Mr. Mitchell possesses an intimate and accurate knowledge of every de- tail of the commission business which enables him to advance to the highest degree the inter- est of both shipper and buyer. In 1883, owing to the steady increasing trade, the firm was obliged to move into their large and commo- dious premises at Nos. 122 and 124 Chestnut street. The business of the firm is confined exclusively to the sale of cotton, woolen, and worsted varus of all kinds, and they represent between fifty and sixty of the largest and best known cotton mills throughout the East and South. The products of these mills are sold throughout all parts of the United States and Canada, being used in the manu- facture of hosiery, underwear, carpets, and dry goods of every description. Their Boston office is located at 51 and 53 Summer street, and was established in 1890 for the accommodation of their Eastern customers, adding a large increase to their already success- ful business. Mr. Mitchell is a member of the Manufacturers' Club, the Union League Club, and Vice-President of the Ninth National Bank. The firm of James E. Mitchell & Co. is highlv regarded in trade circles for their integrity and sound business principles, and fully merit the large amount of success attained by their energy and enterprise. GILLESPIE, ZELLER & CO. The wholesale grocery business conducted by the above named firm at the northwest corner of Sixth ami Market street was estab- lished in [837, by Messrs. \V. & J. Gillespie, and is now one of the oldest houses in this line in Philadelphia. The head of the present firm, Mr. Thomas L. Gillespie, became a member of the firm of \V. &J. Gillespie in 1841, the business being then conducted at Eleventh and Market streets. In 1.S46 he became sole pro- prietor. He soon after- wards associated with himself in the business Mr. Jacob Zc-ller, the firm becoming Gillespie, Zeller & Co. In iNjMhe firm removed to their present eligible location at corner of Sixth and Market streets, where for almost forty vears it has been and is now carried on. Mr. Zeller dying in [857, Mr. Gil- lespie again became sole proprietor, conducting the business under the old firm name of Gilles- pie, Zeller & Co., until 1.SS5, when he admitted his son, George Cuthbert Gillespie. The firm transact a heavy business in gen- eral groceries, and sup- ply the trade throughout Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, I Jelaw arc, Maryland, and other States, east and south. The head of this house is a Philadelphia!! by birth having been born in this city Febru- ary 23, 1824. He was educated at the Bordeu- towu Institute, N. J., from which he was grad- uated with honor and in lined lately afterwards he entered the dry goods store of Isaac Barton ec L & CARPENTER'S BUiLDiNG Cq> ^^ ^ ch£st . nutjstreets, where he remained until he entered the firm of W. & J. Gillespie in 1841, as before stated. He is the Second Vice-President of the Board of Trade, with which he has been actively connected for twenty-five years. He is also the President of the Philadelphia Lying-in-Charity and Nurses' School, and of the Home Missionary Society. He is a Manager of the House of Refuge and Chairman of the Stand- ing Committees of the Board. He is also one of the Managers of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, and takes a lively interest in all charitable and benevolent enterprises and enjoys the full confidence of a wide range of business and personal acquaintance. fWrf ■ ■*/ | "-"^^'j\-iif-iim j_ »■<■ PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MERCANTILE HOUSES. REEVES, PARVIN & CO. This old-established firm has long been known as one of the leading houses in the city of Philadelphia engaged in the business of importing, exporting and jobbing of groceries, canned goods, etc. The firm consists of Francis B. Reeves, who resides atMcKean avenue and Clapier street, Germantown ; Mr. Thomas F. Jones, whose residence is on Wissahickon avenue, near Clapier street, and Mr. Walter M. Pattou, whose house is in Camden, N. J. Mr. Reeves is connected with a number of financial and business insti- tutions as director, among them being the Girard National Bank, Philadelphia Mortgage and Trust Company, Delaware Insurance Company of Philadelphia, the Germantown Real Estate, Trust and Deposit Company, the Grocers' and Importers' Exchange. Mr. Reeves is also a member of the Board of Managers of the Mer- chants' Fund and the Mercantile Beneficial Association, and is the President of the Philadelphia Belt Line Railroad Company and Vice-President of the projected Philadelphia Bourse. Mr. Jones is a director of the Market Street National Bank. The house dates its establishment as far back as the }^ear 182S, at which time the firm name was Scull & Thompson, changing successively to Scull, Thompson & Co., Archer & Reeves, Reeves & Parvin, and, as at present, Reeves, Parvin & Co. Mr. Reeves was admitted to the firm in 1859, Mr. Patton in 1872, Mr. Jones in 1873. Mr. Reeves and Mr. Patton have been connected with the house since 1S5S, Mr. Jones since 1S62. Mr. Wm. Parvin 's interest commenced in 1S65 and terminated after his death, which occurred in March, 18S9. The business was first established at 45 and 47 North Water street, being there conducted until 1S78, when removal was made to the firm's present location at 20 and 22 South Front street, extending through to 21 and 23 Letitia street, where ample facilities are afforded for their very large and constantly increasing business. Their trade is largely in general groceries, throughout the Middle States, but extends also to the West. Besides their trade in staple Groceries the firm is interested in the canning of tomatoes and as dealers in all kind of canned goods. For the well-known brands of their tomatoes, etc., a large export trade has been established. CHARLES P. PEROT & CO. Flour merchants, are the successors of L. Knowles & Co., who previous to 1878 were located on Market street above Twelfth, for over forty years. Levi Knowles, the originator of the firm, com- menced business in 1S35 and continued an honorable and successful business career until December, 18S7, nearly 53 years, when he retired and now devotes himself to various charitable and church enterprises with which he has long been connected. Charles P. Perot his partner and present head of the firm continues the busi- ness, and it is now one of the leading houses in that branch of trade, being the agents in this city of the Pillsbury-Washburn Flour Mills Co., at Minneapolis, the largest flour mills in the world. The firm of Charles P. Perot & Co. handles flour of all grades and enjoys the confidence of a large trade among the grocers, flour dealers, bakers and others of Philadelphia and the vicinity. Clarence E. Steel, who has now an interest in the business, commenced as clerk in the employ of L. Knowles & Co., and is well known for his energy and activity. L. Knowles Perot is one of the members of the firm, though not now an active one in that capacity, preferring the pursuit of scientific and mechanical work, mainly in the branch of electricity. Charles P. Perot is one of the old Quaker stock of Philadelphia, and elates his ancestry from the time of the Norman Conquest (1066) to the present, through the original settlers of the country. He has various other business connections, being Vice-President of the American Fire Insurance Co., a member of the Board of Directors of the Land Title and Trust Co., the Westmoreland Coal Co., the Western National Bank, and other institutions, including Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Academy of Natural Sciences; also Treasurer of the "Southern Home for Destitute Children" and the " Fuel Saving Society of the City and Liberties of Philadelphia," two of our leading charitable institutions. The offices of the firm are at 250 and 252 North Broad street. DAVID LANDRETH & SONS The Landreth Nursery and Seed business was established in Philadelphia in 17S4. Its founder was David Landreth, born 1752 near Berwick-on-Tweed. He emigrated to Canada in 1781, shortly after removing to Philadelphia. About 17S6 he associated his brother Cuthbert in the business, which was on High street, the exact position now being covered by the buildings 1210 and 1212 Market street. The Landreth Nursery and Seed Garden in the " Neck, " along narrow tongue of land lying between the Dela- ware and Schuylkill rivers on the south of Philadelphia, was estab- lished in 17S9. In 1799 the firm title was David & Cuthbert Lan- dreth, the first partner resided at Twelfth and Market streets. The old mansion house was in 1847 sold to the School Board of Phila- delphia, and altered to meet the requirements of public education. It was designated as the Landreth School. Subsequently it was burned and a new building erected, which in turn has been demol- ished, and a modern structure erected, one of the finest in Philadel- phia, and still designated as the Landreth School, its location being at the intersection of Twenty-third and Federal streets. From the Landreth Nurseries were drawn many of the matured specimens of fine trees which now embellish the old country scats around Phila- delphia. Fine examples ofthese trees are to be seen in the oldest ashes, elms, birches, oaks and buttonwoods of Washington and In- dependence squares — these being planted about the beginning of the century. Shortly subsequent to 1820, the premises then numbered 85 Chestnut street were rented as a seed store, which store was after- wards removed to number S3 and again to number 65, which latter location was successively rented till purchased in 1852, when an iron and brick warehouse, quite large for that day, was erected and occupied, its present number being 221. In 1S28 David Landreth, Jr., and Thomas Landreth, son of Cuthbert, took the business from their respective fathers, David, Jr., taking the seed department, and Thomas the nursery. In 1S36 the firm title was David Lan- dreth & Co., the members being: David Landreth, Jr., Thomas Landreth, J. W. Burrows. David Landreth, first, died in 1836. In 1837 Thomas Landreth passed the Nursery section of the business over to David Landreth, Jr., the seed and nursery branches being again united. In 1S43 the title of the firm was David Landreth, and David Landreth Mtiuns. In 1S45 the firm title was David Landreth, Seeds- man, and David Landreth and Fulton, Nurserymen. In 1847 Bloomsdale Farm, Bristol, Pennsylvania, was pur chased and devoted to the growing of seed crops. This tract now consists of 500 acres. In 1853 the premises Nos. 21 and 23 South Sixth street were purchased and a warehouse then built has since been occupied as a seed store. In 1S60 the firm title was changed to D. Landreth & Son, by the entry of Oliver Landreth. In 1S76 the title was changed to David Landreth & Sons. In 1S80 David Landreth, second, died. He was an agriculturist of rare experience and ability, a rapid pleasing writer on rural topics. In 1S27 he was one of the founders and in 1828 and for seven years continu- ously, the Corresponding Secretary of the Pennsylvania Horticul- tural Society, the mother of all other horticultural societies in the United States. In 1856 he filled the office of President of the Philadelphia Agricultural Society, founded in 17S5, the germ from which sprung every other Agricultural Societ\- in the natiou. He was Vice-President of the United States Agricultural Society, and an active member of a number of similar organizations. His firm was among the first manufacturers in the United States of Mowing and Reaping machines. The firm in 1871 and 1S72, made exhaus- tive experiments in the system of steam plowing by direct traction, and again, in 1SS5, extended trials in steam digging and subse- quently in steam chopping. The business is yet carried on under the title adopted in 1876, the partners being : Oliver Landreth, Burnet Landreth, Leopold Landreth. Many of the employees of the firm have been with it for a life time, among its customers are hundreds of fifty years' standing, many a longer period, while one firm — that of Leadbeatcr & Co. of Alexandria, Va., have been annual wholesale purchasers since the year 1792. 204 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA NS. MERCANTILE HOUSES. GEORGE E. BARTOL George E. Bartol, the head of the George E. Bartol Company, Limited, was bornin'the Fourth Ward of the City of Philadelphia oil January 29, 185S, and is therefore at this time in his thirty-fourth year. He is the second son of Barnabas H. Bartol. who was born at Free- port, Maine, October 31, 1816, and moved to Philadelphia in 1847, where he died on February 10, 188S. The subject of this sketch was educated in private schools in his native city, ami also enjoyed two years of travel and study in Europe, completing his studies at the age of sixteen when a passion for the sea was gratified and satisfied by a nine months' cruise on a sailing vessel before the mast, as boy. Returning to Philadelphia in 1875 ready for work he started in his father's sugar refinery as an apprentice to the machinist and engineer of the establishment, pass- ing in time to be assistant to the superintendent, and finally into the office where the purchases and sales were made. In 1881 at the age of twenty-three the business of the refinery known as the Grocers' Sugar House, was placed entirely in his hands, without restriction, together with the purchasing and selling of the raw material and products, which was car- ried on as a separate commis- sion business in the same office now occupied by the present company. In 1887 Mr. Bartol made a visit to Cuba and became con- vinced that the branch of the sugar business in which he was engaged had but a short future before it, in consequence he determined to gradually with- draw from it, and to engage in the foreign commission trade, selecting as a field the United Kingdom and the Northern Seaboard of Continental Eu- rope. In the four years which have elapsed since the forma- tion of his present company he has succeeded, with the able assistance of his associ- ates, Mr. Geo. H. Rogers and Mr. Chas. E- Culpeper, in building up an extensive and rapidly growing business, es- pecially in the field of receiv- ing and exporting grain , which trade in Philadelphia was at a very low ebb when his com- pany decided to go into it. While the shipping of grain is the principal business of the house, it does not confine itself to this trade, which amounts probably to about one-half its total business, but is very largelv engaged also in the ex- port of several other American staplesjand the importation of many of the products of Europe and Great Britain. Mr. Bartol is widely and favorably known at present as the pro- jector of the proposed great General Exchange Building, in which the many trade interests of Philadelphia are to be concentrated. He is the president of the company known as the Philadelphia Bom-se, which pioposes to erect a building suitable for the purpose. Upon the retirement of Messrs. John and Ward Hazletiue the firm name again changed to that of Haddock, Reed & Co., so con- tinuing until 1S69, when it was succeeded by Monroe, Smaltz & Co., with Mr. Charles D. Reed as special partner. < >■ ill health of Mr. James Monroe the linn again changed in 187s to Smaltz, Monroe & Co., and in [884, Mr. Joseph V.. Smaltz retiring from active business, the firm assumed its present stvle of Monroe Bros. & Co. The present firm is composed of John T. and W. 1 1 tiie company being nominal. These gentlemen report continued accessions to their business, their shipments extending not only into the local territory naturally concentrating in Philadelphia, but also into the south and southwest, with which the present linn, as well as their predecessors, have always been identified. An important feature in the management of the business has been the honest endeavor to give their customers their money's worth. They have always tried to sell honest goods and have avoided the temptation, which is perhaps more peculiar to the shoe business than any other, to sacrifice wearing qualities for the sake of larger profits. For this reason they have suc- ceeded in holding on to their old customers to a greater de- gree than is usual in these days of close competition. Both of these gentlemen are connected with a number of charitable, financial and so- cial organizations of this city, and are always ready to use their best efforts for the ad- vancement of the interests of Philadelphia. Among these organizations may be men- tioned the Union League, Trades League, Union Trust Company, social and business bodies. Mr. John F. Monroe was a member of the Commit- tee of One Hundred and has an honored record in his efforts for the welfare of the munici- pality. Messrs. Monroe Bro- thers also pride themselves upon seldom losing a regular customer, some of their client- age having continued with them over fifty years. George E. Bartol MONROE BROS. & CO. The firm of Monroe Brothers & Co., 438 Market street, Phila- delphia, probably the oldest in the shoe business in the United States, was originally started in the year 1817, under the name of Moody, Wvman & Co., who brought a lot of shoes in the rough from Haverhill, Mass., and sent in return such produce as would find ready sale in the New England market, — a regular commission and barter business. Some of the original books are now in the possession of the present firm. These gentlemen located on Water street below Market, where they remained many years, being suc- ceeded by Hazletiue, Haddock S; Co., and Haddock, Hazletine & Reed. About fifty vears ago the latter firm removed to the build- ing now occupied by the present firm at No. 438 Market street. JAMES B. CANBY Of the firm of Ware & Canby, dealers in flour and grain, now president of the Commercial Exchange, was born Sept. 14, 1848, in Kent county, Md., but his early as- sociations were in Delaware, where theiiCanby family had been settled for over two centuries. In 1722 the Canbys established the Brandy wine Flour and Cornmeal Mills, which for' over a hundred years were the largest merchant mills in the United States. Young Canby entered these mills when a lad of seventeen, and spent several years in acquiring a practical knowledge of the manufacture of flour. In 1S73 he came t<. Phila- delphia and accepted a position with the firm of A. G. Cattell & Co., then a leading house, whom four years later he succeeded in busi- ness, having formed a co-partnership with J. P. Ware, under the firm name of Ware & Canby, now, as then, located at 27 X. Water street. This firm having been made the Philadelphia agents of the old Bran- dy wine Mills, soon became one of the leading flour and grain houses of the city, possessing ample resources and unexcelled credit. Mr. Canby's popularitv with his fellow merchants is attested by the fact that he has twice been elected President of the Commercial Ex- change, the largest trade organization of Philadelphia. In his in- augural address at his last election he advocated a ceaseless agitation of rapid transit, permitting especially all railroads now here, or that may come hereafter, easy access to the wharves and shipping of the port, and gave utterance to this memorable sentiment: "Phila- delphia stands at a parting of the ways, leaving behind her the slowness of the past, and looking forward to the activity and ex- pansion of the future." PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MERCANTILE HOUSES. FRANCIS M. BROOKE A prominent grain merchant and an ex-Prcsideut of the Com- mercial Exchange, was born in Radnor Township, Delaware county, July 4, 1S36. His ancestors were of the sturdy yeomanry that com- posed the early emigration from England and Wales. His great- grandfather was a Revolutionary officer who possessed a large lauded estate in what is now Montgomery county, and was also extensively engaged in industrial enterprises. His grandfather was a well-to-do farmer, whose estate comprised the Valley of Gulf Creek in Radnor adjoining Montgomery county. His father was the Hon. Hugh Jones Brooke, to whom Media, now the county seat of Delaware county, is indebted for much of her present develop- ment, he having erected with his own means the Chestnut Grove House, Brooke Hall Female Seminary, and many private residences and aided largely in the construction of the Philadelphia, Media and West Chester Railroad. The Pennsylvania School for Feeble Minded Children, near Media, was located by him, and he was instrumental in securing appropriations from the State for its build- ing and maintenance. For nearly a half century, he served his fellow citizens in various capacities, and for many years was Slate Senator, exercising a commanding influence in the administration of public affairs. To him Philadelphia is largely indebted for its pres- ent system of market houses, lie being the originator and for a long time President of the Farmers' Market Company. Francis M. Brooke's boy- hood was passed in Radnor at- tending the local schools until 1852, when he entered the Haverford College, remaining, however, only two years on account of impaired health. When his health had been re- stored he entered the office of Edward Hopper, Esq., in Phil- adelphia, as a student of law, and at the same time attended the lectures in Law Depart- ment of the University. In 1859 he was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar, and soon afterwards opened an office in Media, where he speedily se- cured a remunerative practice. In 1S63 he was elected District Attorney of Delaware county, but his health again failing he was reluctantly obliged to give up the practice of his profession the following year, and believ- ing that a mercantile life would afford greater opportunity for physical activity, he established himself in Philadelphia in the grain trade in association with his youngest brother, Hunter, under the linn name of F. M. & H. Brooke. With the advantage of ample capital this firm prospered and is now one of the leading houses in that branch of the city's trade. He allied himself at an early period with the Commercial Exchange, and the members recognizing his ability placed him on important committees, especially those involving matters of legislation affecting the commerce of Phila- delphia, and in 187S elected him to the Presidency. In the Cen- tennial Exposition of 1876, the Bi-Ceutennial of 1881, and the National Constitutional Celebration of 1887, he acted in a repre- sentative capacity for the Exchange and contributed largely to the success of those affairs. Mr. Brooke is a director in the Commercial Bank and represents other important corporate interests. ^gjT'fe^ J^- - ■»•»• >> t£v > #5r-v w rWeT«Uowsr'Wnto Co I yVv.U.CMAo. Francis M. Brooke THOMAS BRADLEY Metropolitan in every regard, the immense Meat Market of Mr. Thomas Bradley, at Twenty-first and Market streets, is one of the notably busy marts of this great trade centre, and the volume of business, retail, wholesale and export, makes it a large factor in the immense aggregate of Philadelphia's commerce. The business was inaugurated over thirty years ago aud has been steadily augmented from )-ear to year until it has attained pro- portions almost colossal. He erected the extensive market he now occupies in 1878, for retail purposes, which from time to time he was obliged to enlarge to meet the rapidly increasing demands of his home and foreign trade. His wholesale trade was started in 1S83, since which date he has handled immense quantities of Swill's famous Chicago dressed beef, mutton, &c. The retail market, a large room lighted from above by skylights, making every corner bright as the outside, is a model of cleanliness and convenience, making a visit to this market a pleasing experience instead of a disagreeable duty, as a marketing trip too frequentlv proves. In one corner of this market a storage room of great capaci- ty is seen, the atmosphere of which is kept below 32 degrees Fahr- enheit, by a system of cold air pipes upon which the ice is crystal- ized to the depth of several inches. Opening out from the retail department is another immense room, also artificially chilled, where the curing of beef and pork is carried on, on a scale of large proportions. Adjoining the main building is the packing room where the meats are prepared for export, hundreds of tierces of Bradley 's Beef being shipped to Glasgow and Liverpool, as well as to man)' points in con- tinental Europe, his brands abroad, as at home, being a guarantee of superior excel- lence, the foreign agents' cor- respondence on file showing " Bradley's beef quoted 2 shil- lings above other brands," and similar indices of the repute in which his output is held. Another department is de- voted to refining lard, aud on the second floor of this build- ing the manufacture of lubri- cating oils is conducted. The smoke-houses, six in number are of large capacity and are in constant operation. Here the dried beef, hams, and bacon are prepared for market, and the output in this branch of the business is as large as that of any establishment in the city exclusively devoted to this line. The reputation of Mr. Bradley's smoked meats, and especially of his " picnic " hams, of which he makes a specialty, has been such that the increase in the output has of late been very great. So great, indeed, has been the in- crease in the volume of his business that Mr. Bradley's facilities at Twenty-first and Market were unequal to the requirements of the trade, and to meet the demand he secured a large warehouse on Filbert street, where he carries a large stock of pickled hams in tierces, these beiug brought to the smoke-houses as occasion requires, thus insuring the purchasers at all times fresh stock. Mr. Bradley has a branch establishment for sale of Chicago meats to the trade at Ninth and Girard avenue. A large proportion of Mr. Bradley's home trade is the supply- ing of meats to hotels and large institutions, among which are the Continental aud Aldine hotels. The White Sulphur Springs, Vir- ginia, Bedford Springs Hotel, Pennsylvania, and other City and out-of-town establishments. From twelve to fourteen wagons are employed to deliver family orders, and an idea may be formed of the immense business conducted by him, when it is considered that it required 20,000 head of cattle to supply this trade from the up-town market alone in one year, and this in addition to 30,000 head of sheep. Mr. Bradley is a Philadelphian by birth and is recognized in trade circles as a man of great business capacity and enterprise, and of uncompromising integrity. He is one of the largest stockholders of the Chestnut Street National Bank, of which he is a director ; he is also a director of the Norristown Insane Asylum, and finds time to devote to this great charity. He is a genial, courteous business man and valued citizen, and in social circles, as in business life, is recognized as a man of excellent judgment and sterling qualities. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA'S. MERCANTILE HOUSES. WRIGHT, TYNDALE & VAN RODEN The business of this firm was established by Jos. Steele, Jr., at the present location, in 1S40, and conducted by him until [858, when James Steele, his son, succeeded him ; after that date the business increased rapidly. In 1S64 the building was enlarged ; in 1S69 a further extension being necessary, the entire building was re-modeled and enlarged. On July 1, 1S74, James Steele retired and was succeeded by his three brothers, Joseph, Jr., Henry and Daniel Steele, under the firm name of Steele Bros. Their display of Philadelphia designs and decorations at the Centennial Exhibi- tion, and the many orders resulting from the exhibit, placed them in the front rank of the enterprising retail dealers of the country. The furore for oriental porcelains about this time gave china dealers an opportunity which the firm promptly took advantage of, as the many fine collections in and about Philadelphia bear evidence of. They were among the first to recognize the merits of American cut glass and the art pottery of Trenton, both of which doubtless ■ me si imething of their subsequent success to their early encourage- ment. After a very successful career the firm retired March 1, [884, the business haying remained in the Steele family for forty-four years. They were succeeded by Wright, Tyndale & Van Rodcn, the members of the firm being Herman L. Wright, Robinson Tyndale and Frank Van Roden. On the death of Mr. Wright, eight months later, the firm was re-organized, William M. Wright and Joseph H. Thomas being admitted as members, the style of the firm remain- ing the same. In 1S89 the building, 217 South Eleventh street, was se- cured, which, after being com- pletely rebuilt, was connected with the old store, thus doub- ling their space. Mr. Tyndale, the only one of his name now in the business, makes annual visits to Europe in the interest of the firm. They take a lively interest in American manu- facture, and their own business of selecting from and distribu- ting the best products of the world in china and glass agree- ing with a well-known English collector that china is not a mere fancy, it is a complete education. BLAKEY & McLELLAN Joseph STEEtE Prominent among the many leading brokerage and commis- sion houses worthy of special note in Philadelphia to-day is the active, enterprising, and accommodating firm of Blakev & McLel- lan. The business of this firm is general iron brokerage. Their transactions are confined to dealings in imported and domestic iron and steel rails, steel of any desired quality, general railroad sup- plies, iron ores and pig iron. The business conducted so ably and upon such an extensive scale by this firm was established in 1SS9 by W. H. Blakev and George I). McLellan, who have energetically carried it on upon the most approved basis to secure and advance the best interests of their customers. Although not surrounded with the air of antiquity which has a tendency to place many of the commercial firms of this city preeminently before the public, this firm is constituted of gen- tlemen who are no strangers in the paths of commercial life in Philadelphia. Prior to forming the firm of Blakev & McLellan, W. H. Blakev was associated with the house of Blake}- & Wal- bauni, iron brokers. This latter firm was largely engaged in trade with foreign countries, and to-day its principal European agencies are retained by the newly organized house. Among those worthy of mention is the agency of James Watson & Co., of Glasgow, Scotland, one of the largest and most influential concerns of its kind in the world. Mr. McLellan is a relative of a member of this linn. Blakev & McLellan conduct a very 1 busi- ness with many of the leading manufacturers and in the United States, and also with a number of 1 panies, among which is numbered the prominent firm, Balling & Lowe, of London, England. The establishment of this great trade, extending over - States and reaching out in foreign climes, is a strikinj tion of the fact that energy and a thorough knowledge of the busi- ness undertaken, combined with an honest ami conservative man- agement, always eventuates in success. The members of this firm are recognized authorities and experts in the iron trade. In commercial circles none rank higher for promptness, enterprise and integrity. P. J. CUNNINGHAM & CO. Mr. P. J. Cunningham, of the firm of P.J. Cunningham & Co., general agents and dealers in pianos, was born in Ireland. On his arrival in this country, several years ago, he engaged as sales- man with the widely known dry goods house of Straw- bridge & Clothier, afterwards with Geo. Kelly & Co. Nearly seven years ago he left the latter firm and engaged as manager of a branch house for 1". A. North & Co., piano dealers, whom he left with the highest testimonials for char- acter and ability. Establishing himself in business he has associated with him men of abundant capital, and is making a brilliant suc- cess of his enterprise. His wareroom is located at 17 17 Chestnut street (is twenty-two feet wide by one hundred and twenty-four feet in depth, ami is one of the best constituted and most comfortable business houses on Chestnut street), and a refreshing place to visit on a warm July day. The lo- cation is favorable to the in- crease of business as the city extends westward, and the tendency of down-town stores is to move that way, while one-third the amount that holds rents are more reasonable, beiu in many localities further down. Mr. Cunningham's prospects are very bright, and he claims by reason of his location, his facilities for procuring and hand- ling pianos and organs, he can offer peculiar inducements to pur- chasers. The stock carried is large and comprises seven varieties of pianos and organs. The leading piano is the Couovcr Bros., of New York, and for which Mr. Cunningham claims " there is none better and very few equal." His other three makes of pianos are known to the public as the Pease Co., Harrington Co., also of New York, and the Prcscott Co., of New Hampshire. The firm makes a specialty of three makes of organs, all of which have their good qualities and rank as high in the estimation of organists as any to be found in the market. Mr. Cunningham buys for cash and offers inducements to purchasers not surpassed by any house in the trade. Personally, Mr. Cunningham is an agreeable, energetic and bril- liant young business man, possessing the natural wit of his country- men, and gives every indication of a successful business career. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MERCANTILE HOUSES. THE BERWIND-WHITE COAL MINING COMPANY R. B. WIGTON & SONS The Berwind-White Coal Mining Co. was incorporated January 22, 1886, being the successors of Berwind, White & Company, an old coal producing firm established in 1874, which firm was organized from the still older firms of Berwind & Bradley and White & Tingle. The capital stock of the company is #2, 000, 000, and its officers, Edward J. Berwind, President; John E. Berwind, Vice-President, New York City ; H. A. Berwind, Secretary, and F. McOwen, Treasurer, both of Philadelphia, Pa. The company own and operate extensive coal mines in the Clearfield Region of Pennsylvania, mining what is known in the market as the Celebrated Eureka Bituminous Coals. They operate at present twenty-nine (29) collieries, twenty-two being located at and around Houtzdale, two at Karthaus, all in Clearfield county, and five at Horatio, Jefferson county, Pa. The twenty-nine collieries have a capacity of upwards of 12,000 tons per day. The tonnage of the company for the year 1S90 aggregated 3,000,000 tons. The works of the company are among the best equipped in the bituminous coal region of Pennsylvania, supplied with modern machinery and improved appliances, calculated to expedite and economize the production of coal as well as to insure its reaching the market in first-class condition. In connection with coal mines the company own and operate one hundred and fifty (150) coke ovens, turning out a very superior grade of coke, which finds a ready market among the manufacturers and workers of steel. As regards shipping facilities the company are in excellent shape, owning a transportation equipment of 1,250 coal cars of thirty tons capacity each, a fleet of fifty coal barges, used exclu- sively for the delivery of coal to the ocean steamships in New York Harbor and vicinity. The coal is a first-class steam coal, and the greater portion is supplied to nearly all the Trans-Atlantic steamship lines and rail- road companies, and as a fuel for this purpose has no superior. Among its users may be mentioned : The Iuman, North German Lloyds, Cunard, Hamburg and French Lines, whose ocean grey- hounds have a world-wide reputation. It is likewise largely used for rolling mills, iron works, forges, glass works, lime kilns, and the burning of brick and fire brick, and for kindred purposes. The company's mines are located on the Pennsylvania Rail- road, over which they ship to tide-water for shipments coast-wise and foreign, and likewise over same road and connections for shipment to New York and New England States and Canada. Its shipping piers are located at Greenwich Piers, Philadelphia ; Harsimus Coal Pier, Jersey City, New York Harbor, and Canton Piers, Baltimore, Md. Its offices are located at the Bullitt Building, Philadelphia; 55 Broadway, New York City; 19 Congress street, Boston, Mass., and Rialto Building, Baltimore, Md. The largest strictly coal firm in the country. Philadelphia is unquestionably one of the most convenient dis- tributing points for coal in the Eastern or Middle States, which is due, of course, to its proximity to the leading collieries of Pennsyl- vania, and its unsurpassed position as regards economical transpor- tation facilities, the principal coal railroad companies entering here either by direct or branch lines, among which are the Reading, Lehigh Valley, Lackawanna, New Jersey Central and Pennsylvania R. R. As a result of this, Philadelphia contains representatives of the largest and most important mines and collieries in the State. Among the representative houses actively engaged in this trade is that of R. B. Wigton & Sons, the business having been originally founded by the senior member in 1857. He conducted it with great success until 1SS0, when he admitted his sons, William H. and Frank H. Wigton, into partnership, under the firm name of R. B. Wigton & Sons. The sons are thoroughly conversant with the details of the business ; active, enterprising and persevering, and their future success will by far eclipse that attained in past years, because of the fresh, vigorous spirit they have inspired in their management. Like their father, they are highly esteemed by the community as practical business men and upright citizens, andjustlv merit the success secured by their ability and faithful devotion to business. The offices of the firm are located at No. 228 South Fourth street, Philadelphia; No. 50 Broadway, New York, and Hamilton Building, Pittsburgh ; while their coal wharves are situated at Greenwich Point, Port Richmond, South Amboy and Port Liberty, and in Baltimore, at Canton Piers. They are miners and shippers of the justly celebrated bituminous coals from the Morrisdale and Cunard mines, which are located in the Clearfield and Broad Top regions, which brands are rich in the elements of intense combus- tion, and are generally recognized as of a superior quality for steam raising and smelting purposes, and are one of the best fuels mined. From the Morrisdale coal is manufactured a coke for furnace use which ranks in the market as fully equal to Connesville, being the only coke made from the celebrated Moshannon vein of coal. Their facilities for the prompt delivery of its coals in cargo lots to steamship and railroad companies are of the very best, possessing as they do several accessible and convenient shipping wharves at the cities named above, and being the only people in the bitumin- ous business who have both the P. R. R. Co. and the Philadelphia & Reading R. R. systems connecting with their collieries. In addition to the coal business the firm of R. B. Wigton & Sons are also largely interested in the manufacture of fire-brick, and own a large factory at Phillipsburg, Centre county, Pa. Its equipment is unsurpassed by any establishment of its kind in the State, the machinery and appliances being of the most modern and improved patterns,, and iucludes everything for the systematic prosecution of the business; employment is given to about one hundred workmen, selected from the most skilled operatives in the trade. The facilities of the concern are unequalled, and the various processes of clay crushing, burning, moulding, etc., are all carried out with the greatest economy of time and labor, with the natural result that the products of their establishment arc unexcelled for quality, durability and general ex- cellence by those of any other first-class house in the trade, and in consequence of this superiority the firm does an enormous business, handling upwards of 500,000 annually, which are shipped to all points North, South, East and West. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. MERCANTILE HOUSES. GEORGE E. DEARBORN The career of George E. Dearborn, piano and organ dealer, is as remarkable as it is illustrative of what a man can do who has the requisite amount of courage to bravely face the trials and tribula- tions so often thrown before him in his struggle for fame and fortune. There is an old saying that if a fortune is not won before a man attains the age of forty years he can never win it, but in the case of Mr. Dearborn its falsity is clearly proven. He was born April 16, 1S25, at Kensington, Rockingham county, New Hampshire. His father, James Dearborn, was a farmer, one of those rugged sons of toil so often read about but so seldom met. He died in 183 1. The subject of this sketch, then only six years old, remained on the old homestead until 1.S37, when he was bound out to a farmer, re- ceiving for the work imposed upon him the very munificent (?) sum of eighteen dollars a year, with the privilege of attending school three of the twelve months. He was an apt scholar, how- ever, and made the best of the limited advantages offered, which included a day in the old log school building when the weather was too inclement for out-door work. He remained with the farmer a year and a half, when, having an opportunity of securing a position with the school -master, at thirty dollars a year and three months' schooling, he left the farm and entered upon his new duties. Thus he roughed it until seventeen years of age, when he returned to his old home and assumed its management, remaining in charge until 1852. Meantime an important event had occurred. He took unto himself a wifein 1S45, when just twenty years of age. The result of this union was four children —two boys and two girls. The latter are still living, but both sons died after having attained the ages of twenty-six and twenty-eight years respectively. The younger sou was drowned in the Indian Ocean within a day's sail of Australia, while the other died from consumption in Michigan. But to return to Mr. Dearborn ; after having passed the twenty-seventh anniver- sary of his birth, he became dissatisfied with the monotonv of farm life and engaged in general trading, a business which called for ex- tensive traveling. There were but few lines of railroad in the New England States at that time, and he was compelled to cover his routes with horse and wagon. On one occasion during the summer months he drove a single team a distance of 5,000 miles. He followed this business for a period of ten years, then abandoned it to become a traveling salesman for a New York varnish house. It was while thus employed that he came into contact with piano dealers and manufacturers, whose business he ultimately adopted. His route was from Washington, D. C, to Boston, and he fre- quently visited Philadelphia. On November 17, 1867, he landed at the old Kensington Depot, at Kensington, dead broke — "strapped," as he puts it — and since that time has been one of our citizens. He continued with the New York house until the close of the Centen- nial, when he thought he saw an opportunity to better himself. To think was to act with this shrewd, energetic Yankee, and with Henry F. Roebliug, of Roebling Bros., of Wilmington, Del., as a partner, he purchased a dozen or more pianos which had been on exhibition at the Centennial, and on December 1, 1876, they opened a piano store in the Y. M. C. A. building. This was the nucleus of the large business he now carries on. In October, 1879, Mr. Dear- born bought his partner's interest. The year previous they had moved into their present handsome building, No. 150.S Chestnut street. It was originally intended for an upholsterer, and was erected during the Centennial year, but for some reason or other it was not occupied until Mr. Dearborn and his partner took | sion of it. About that time Mr. Dearborn became inten another enterprise, and established his son-in-law, Geo. W. Smith, in business at No. 12 16 Chestnut street, under the firm name of Geo. W. Smith & Co. They carried a magnificent line of bric-a- brac, fancy furniture, and were large importers of French clocks, bronze figures, etc. From that time to the present Mr. Dearborn has steadily climbed the ladder to fame and fortune, and is now classed among the city's most prominent business men, and his success and wealth, estimated at about $250,000, were both won since he passed the fortieth anniversary of his birth, thus proving the falsity of the old " saying " alluded to above. In addition to a large retail trade he has applied with great success the instalment plan of disposing of his instruments, and upwards of 2,000 are now scattered throughout the city and adjacent territory on that plan, representing an investment of |2oo,ooo. His large store-room on Chestnut street is stocked with an elegant line of the finest instruments manufactured in this country, in- cluding the justly celebrated Chase, Fischer, Schubert, Ludwig & Co., Jacob Bros., Mathusek, and many other favorite makes. In addition, he displays a large and fine assortment of organs, among which the Chase is not the least prominent, as well as the Storv & Clark Organ Company. He also has a fine store at No. 515 Shipley street, in Wil- mington, Delaware, which, while being under capable manage- ment, is directed by its proprietor personally. Mr. Dearborn is a man of magnificent physique. He is fully six feet two inches tall, with a form admirably proportioned, and although having recently passed his sixty-sixth birthday is stronger, more wirey than most men twenty years younger. He can "lift" with the stoutest employee under him, and time and again he has been seen carrying one end of a heavy piano, while at the other end two strong, hearty men were tugging, straining to keep their end level with that of the old gentleman. Mr. Dearborn is no politician nor religionist, but believes in the old axiom, " Do unto others as you would be done by," feeling that honest and upright dealings are the only true principles by which success can be attained in any business calling whatsoever. Ashe once said : " During my life I have neither drank, smoked or chewed, belong to no secret organi- zations, pay my debts as they come due, and am as independent as any man living." To these qualities he must owe his success, for he, musically speaking, does not know one note from another, except a bank-note, which, in his opinion, is worth more than all the notes in the staff combined. Although his educational advantages were limited, he has ever beeu possessed of a rare intelligence which made the studies of life easily understood, and to-day we find him a thoroughly-cultured gentleman, bright, witty and entertaining in conversation, easy and polite in manners, and a companion of interest for either young or old. Such a man as he would succeed where others would fail, and although he is within a few years of the proverbial three-score years and ten, he possesses every require- ment for the attainment of a good old age. May such prove to be the case. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. MERCANTILE HOUSES. OSTHEIMER BROTHERS Importers and exporters. The present firm of Ostheimer Bros, was founded in 1835, in Philadelphia, by Alfred Hanline, Maurice Ostheimer and David Ostheimer, the two former residing in Phila- delphia, the latter being the European partner. They were among the first to do a large business in the importation of looking-glass plates. Shortly afterwards the firm of Hanline & Ostheimer, as it was then styled, began the importation of continental fancy goods, such as articles de Paris, bric-a-brac, bronzes, etc., and they are among the oldest, if not the oldest, importers of this class of goods in this country. Philadelphia, in 1835, was the most populous American city, and dealers came there from New York and all other portions of the United States to purchase their goods. In 1854 Alfred Hanline retired, and Maurice Ostheimer asso- ciated with him John P. Woodward as partner, under the firm name of Ostheimer & Woodward. The business was started on Bank street, a small street between Chestnut and Market, and Second and Third streets, and no change was made for forty-seven years, ex- cept to increase the size of the store. "Conservatism" was al- ways the watchword of Maurice Ostheimer, who believed that a good name and an honorable reputation were far more valu- able than riches. He often said that honor, both personal and mercantile, was very much like a diamond, in that the slight- est flaw made it absolutely worthless. The firm passed through the various commer- cial crises without any diffi- culty, as they never allowed any transactions to take place which were in any way specu- lative, and, by economy and good judgment, each member accumulated a moderate for- tune. Maurice Ostheimer died in 1872, and in his will made ample provision for the con- tinuation of this business by the present members of the firm, Mr. John P. Woodward retiring immediately after the death of his partner. Many changes have taken place in the nature of the busi- ness since that time. The firm now consists of the three sons of Maurice Ostheimer, Alfred J., William J., and George R., who are all active in attending t o the various departments under their charge. In 1876 the firm of Ost- Maurice heimer Brothers took charge of a very large number of exhibits for foreigners at the Cen- tennial Exhibition, and, at the close of the Centennial, the various heads of the foreign commissions joined in a circular respecting their respective governments to make purchases for industrial art museums through Ostheimer Brothers. This was the begin- ning of an export business which has since assumed very large proportions. They established their own offices in Paris, under the manage- ment of George R. Ostheimer, who still resides there — in Vienna, Berlin and Loudon, and also started branch offices in New York, Boston and Chicago. All kinds of American goods, principally agricultural implements, are now shipped by them all over the world, and foreign goods of all descriptions sold by them in this country. The export department is under the direction of Alfred J. Ostheimer, and can be called a general commerce business for the exchange of merchandise to and from every portion of the globe. A department has been established for the purchase and sale of European and American patents, which is growing rapidly. The financial portion of the business is managed by William J. ( Istheimer. The main places of business at present are 917 and 919 Filbert street, Philadelphia, and 40 Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, France. IRVONA COAL COMPANY Among the firms contributing most largely in the commercial activity in the coal business in this city is W. J. Nicolls & Co., whose offices are located at No. 216 South Third street. The Com- pany was incorporated in 1886, W. J. Nicolls, President ; J. O. Nicolls, Treasurer; and Jos. M. Cooper, Secretary. Thev are operating a coke plant of eighty ovens and two collieries, at Coal- port, Clearfield county, Pa., employing 150 men. The capacity is 30,000 tons of coke and 80,000 tons of coal annually. The " Ir- vona " coke is particularly adapted for the manufacture of low phosphorus or Bessemer pig iron, on account of the unusual low percentage of suphur and phosphorus, frequently showing not over .003 of .01 per cent. In addition to the above the firm handle the product of the Bear Ridge Coal & Coke Co., the Hostetter Coke Co. of Connellsville ; The Souman Shaft Coal Co. of Al- toona ; The Cambridge Coal Co. of Shenandoah, and W. J. Nicolls & Co. Westmoreland County Gas Coal. The firm ship to the eastern market 500,000 tons of fuel yearly. E. H. BAILEY & CO. Among the old established firms of Custom House brok- ers, forwarders, and notaries public in the city of Philadel- phia is that of Messrs. E. H. Bailey & Co. The business was established in 1S49 by Mr. E. H. Bailey, who conducted it till 1S80, when he admitted into the partnership Messrs. W. H. Thornley and George McKeown. The present firm has had a very prosperous career and has established and maintained a very high repu- tation in commercial circles. Mr. Bailey is a native Phila- delphian, and is a highly re- spected member of the Ma- sonic fraternity. The firm transacts the Custom House business for the leading firms of this city, both exporters and importers, amongst which are Harrison, Frazer & Co., E. C. Knight & Co., Wood, Brown & Co., and others in this city and vicinity. Mr. Thornley has had about twenty-one years' experience in the business, and is well known in business circles. Mr. McKeown is an old resident at Wissahickou, a mem- ber of the Masonic order, and like the other members of the firm , has a large circle of friends and business acquaintances. The firm do a very large business also as forwarding agents, and have a number of trained aud efficient clerks, who are well disciplined in the routine of office work. They ship goods not only throughout the entire United States, but also abroad. They are represented in New York by Perry & Ryer, No. 65 Beaver street, and in Boston by Stone & Downer, No. 2S State street. All members of the firm stand very high in business circles, are affable, courteous, and ever attentive to the wants of their patrons, and enjoy the fullest confi- dence with the leading merchants, with whom they have for so many years done business. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MERCANTILE HOUSES. SUTTER & MILLER The head of the firm of Sutter & Miller, dealers in rubber boots and shoes, Nos. 407 and 409 Commerce street, Philadelphia, Mr. Daniel Sutter, was born in 1830 at Mount Holly, New Jersey. The firm is almost the pioneer in the rubber boot and shoe trade in Philadelphia, and at the time of their establishment they were doing the largest business in that line in the State, and their sales ex- tended throughout the west. They had also many customers in New Jerscv, Maryland and further south. They are the agents for the New Brunswick Rubber Company and the Woonsoeket Rubber Company of Providence, Rhode Island. The family of Mr. Sutter have a record of which he may well be proud. His grandfather was Provost Marshal, Deputy Marshal and keeper of the City prison. He was a soldier in the War of 1S12, and died from the effects of Daniel Sutter is a descendant of the sister of the mother of William Penn. Rowlett's Table of Interest published in [802, a standard work at that time, has name of Daniel S. Sutter & Son as subscribers, the firm being the forefathers to the present Daniel Sutter. Arthur Miller of Sutter & Miller, was born in Alexandria in the District of Columbia (now Virginia), July 4, 1838. His parents were descended from members of the Society of Friends who came to Pennsylvania about the time of William Penn's arrival in 1782. Both his grandfathers went from Pennsylvania to Virginia towards the close of the last century, and his paternal great-grandfather, Wil- liam Hartshorne was treasurer of the first improvement company formed in Virginia, of which General Washington was president, and Mr. Hartshorne's wife was a daughter of Joseph Saunders, a merchant of this city who signed the non-importation resolutions of Daniel Sutter wounds received in battle. His father was a^tanner and currier and was one of the most prominent citizens of Frankford. Daniel Sutter was sent to school at Mount Holly, New Jersey, and caure to Philadelphia when twenty-one years of age, in 1S52. In 1855 he went as bookkeeper to the firm of J. M. Sanders, No. 34 North Fourth street, wholesale dealers in boots and shoes. Mr. Miller, his present partner, was also a bookkeeper for the same firm and the friendship there contracted has aided greatly in cementing their after business association. These two gentlemen have been connected in business from the time of their establishment in 1865. They have been all their lives identified with the rubber interest, selling to the largest jobbers and wholesale dealers in the United States. They are members of the Shoe Exchange, Trades League, and other similar organiza- tions. They have always shown active interest in every movement tending to development and advancement of the city's interest. They have been active not only in words but have never hesitated to open their purse when they felt occasion demanded their pecun- iary help. Arthur. Miller 1765, and from whom are descended severaliot the most prominent families of Philadelphia. Mr. Miller attended schools in Virginia and Maryland, and completed his education at the Friends' Board- ing-school, at Westtown, near West Chester, Pa. The variety of foot gear made of rubber is almost unlimited ; from the great heavy boots used by lumbermen and watermen the list goes all the way down to the dainty shoe of the lady, which is so slight in appearance as to seem almost a house slipper yet it is a perfect safeguard against dampness ; in fact from this house it is possible to buy a rubber shoe which makes scarcely any appearance on the foot. The day of the heavy cumbersome shoe has passed. Of course galoshes and the heavier makes of gum boots and shoes are to be obtained of Messrs. Sutter & Miller. It is nut generally known what a great amount of capital is interested in the rubber business in this country. It is a trade wholly by itself but its ramifications extend through almost every industry. But by far the greater part of the rubber is used in the manufacture of boots and shoes, and Messrs. Sutter & Miller are among the very heaviest purchasers. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MERCANTILE HOUSES. E. R. MANN & CO. E. R. Mann & Co., general agents for iron, steel, and iron ores, have won a national as well as local reputation as representatives of a number of the most prominent iron, steel, and iron ore firms in the country, including Isaac McHose & Sons, of Norristown, Pa., manufacturers of Acme pig iron ; the Riverside Iron Works, of Wheeling, West Virginia ; Syracuse Tube Works, of Syracuse, N. Y. ; New River Mineral Company, of Virginia; and several others. They are also sales agents for numerous celebrated manu- facturers of English and Swedish iron, and exporters of foreign ores ; in short, they are prepared to furnish iron and steel m all shapes and iron ores in any quantity. Their London correspon- dents are Schultz, Tozer & Co. Edwin R. Mann, the senior mem- ber of the firm, has been connected with the business for the last thirteen years, and established the present agency in Philadelphia in 1S87. Frank Samuel, the "Co. " of the firm, was admitted to partnership recently, and previous to that was Vice-President of the North Branch Steel Company, of Danville, Pa. They have become deservedly prominent and popular in trade circles as manufac- turers ' agents, commission merchants and wholesale dealers in the above-named goods, as well as in low phosphorous pig, and the products of the Linden Steel Company and Arnold Ore Company. The superiority of the goods handled, and the rare business capa- city, ability and enterprise that characterize the management, to- gether with a keen fore-sight and thorough knowledge of every feature of the trade, have combined to give this agency a prestige and popularity in the trade rarely equalled — never surpassed — in this line, and a large and influential business has been developed throughout Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware and the West generally, while their foreign trade is steadily increasing in import- ance. Their office is situated at No. 147 South Fourth street. E. M. W1LL1ARD E. M. Williard, proprietor of the Philadelphia storage yard for lumber and building material, at Twenty-third and Race streets, was born in Philadelphia in 1S42. He is the son of J. F. R. and Ellen Williard, who are also natives of Philadelphia. The young man was educated in the Latta Academy, and after graduation he went to North Carolina and established himself in the manufacture of furniture. He was well located, being in the very midst of a great lumber district, his manufactory being located on the Pamlico River, twenty miles below the city of Little Wash- ington. He had ready communication with all points north and south, and his business steadily extended. Remaining in North Carolina for five years, the offers to return to Philadelphia were so advantageous that he came back. His experience South gave him such a thorough knowledge of the lumber trade, that after he had remained for a short time with E. T. Burton as salesman in the wholesale lumber department he established the firm of Williard & Kochsperger, at Fortieth and Lancaster ave. Mr. Burton had become thoroughly familiar with the ability of Mr. Williard and aided him considerably in his new departure. The new firm pros- pered, but after a while Mr. Williard began business on his own account at his present place of business, 2419 Hamilton street. He has been established there for eleven years. The storage yard for the reception of lumber and building material opened on the 1st of July, 1S91, at Twenty-third and Race streets, is one of the most important departments. The yard joins the tracks of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, and has every facility for its work. Cars are unloaded and lumber stored at reasonable rates per car, and delivered to consignees when charges are paid. The storage yard, as well as the main establishment, are entirely under the management of E. M. Williard. Mr. Williard is an active member of the Lumbermen's Exchange since its organization, and in May, 1S91, was elected President of that body. He is a di- rector in the West Philadelphia Bank. He has always been promi- nent in all that appertains to the best interests to the city's good, in political as well as in business interests. The vast lumber regions of North Carolina from which Mr. Williard drew his train- ing are inexhaustible, thousands and millions of feet are brought weekly to Philadelphia at an expense which would astonish the uninitiated. The lumber is transported chiefly by barges. There is no yard in the city better adapted for the reception of these great consignments of lumber than that of Mr. Williard, where every modern appliance for handling the cargoes is in vogue. WILLIAM DALLIBA DUTTON Of William D. Dutton & Co. The oldest piano house in the United States is located at No. 11 15 Chestnut street, and is familiar to musical people throughout the country as that of William D. Dutton & Co. It was established in Utica, New York, by George Dutton, a grandfather of the senior member of the present firm, iu 1S21, since which time, with the exception of four years the business has been continued by his descendants. William H. Dut- ton succeeding his father, he transferred the business to Philadelphia in 1S65. In 1S73, Mr. Dutton admitted his son, William Dalliba Dutton into partnership, and from that time until 1SS3, the firm name was Dutton & Son. The father then retired from business and the son became the senior partner, changing the name to William D. Dut- ton & Co. Under his able management the house has achieved a brilliant success and stands to-day not only the oldest in its line in the country, but one of the most responsible and trustworthy. Mr. Dutton was born at Utica, in December, 1S47, and comes from old English stock of great prominence ; his ancestor, Thomas Dutton, came to Massachusetts in 1630, and another ancestor was Chaplain Brewster of the "Mayflower." His great-grandfather, Captain Amasa Dutton, was an officer in the Revolutionary Army, and among other military dutie::. during the War for Independence commanded Fort Trumbull, at New London, Connecticut. His great-great-grandfather, on his mother's side was Benjamin Hunt- ingdon of Connecticut, a member of the Continental Congress. Mr. Dutton attended the Utica Academy, and continued his studies under excellent instructors after his removal to Philadel- phia. He early displayed a love for music and art and possessing a natural talent was afforded every opportunity of study. When a youth, he ranked as an accomplished amateur musician and art critic. Carl Wolfsohn, one of the most thorough musicians, devoted much attention to the young man, and together they went to Ger- many in 1S67, where they met many German masters. Upon re- turning to America Mr. Dutton exhibited a marked ability for writ- ing criticisms and sketches ; which were published in several lead- ing periodicals. Mr. Dutton devoted also much time and attention to general studies, he was a lover of art in any form, and it was largely through his personal efforts that the Philadelphia Art Club was or- ganized and made to occupy its present prominent position among the clubs of this county, it was with Mr. Dutton's aid that Carl Wolfsohn succeeded in founding Beethoven Society in 1869, and Mr. Dutton was its secretary for seven years. He was also one of the members of the Reform Club, whose existence is so well remembered. In addition to these he held membership in the Union League, Historical Society of Pennsyl- vania and Sons of the Revolution and was one of the original members of the Penn Club. He has made many trips abroad. For many years the firm's leading piano was the Chickering, but in 1883, having become favorably impressed with the excellence of the Hardman Piano, it was made the leading instrument of the firm. Its distinguishing characteristics were and are extraordinary durability and fullness of tone — two points that obtained for it immediate recognition. It is probably the only piano which im- proves in tone and retains its durability under any and all climatic changes. That it is iu popular favor is attested by the fact that Queen Victoria, the Princess of Wales, Duchess of Fife, Duke of Richmond, and many others of the royalty and nobility of Great Britain have recently purchased it for personal use, and their en- dorsement of it is as enthusiastic as is that of Mr. M. H. Cross, Mr. Million Pyne, Mr. W. W. Gilchrist, Mr. David D. Wood, and other musical lights in Philadelphia. The firm has also made a local reputation for the Bluthuer piano, the leading " Grand " manufactured in German}-, iu the construc- tion of which American woods are largely used. It is the artistic favorite of the majority of foreign cities and is faultless in points of delicacy of tone and action. Messrs. Dutton & Co., are also representatives of other less known manufacturers. In concluding this sketch, justice to the instruments sold by this firm compels us to refer to one other of their specialties — the Vocalion Organ, an instrument which embodies a new principle of tone production. It was invented bv James Baillie Hamilton, son- in-law of the Duke of Argyle. and is intended for small churches, lodges, and music rooms ; it gives as beautiful a quality of tone as the pipe organ and costs about one-third as much. Its artistic char- acter places it by the side of the most beautiful grand piano, and it is a fit companion to that beautiful instrument. Hon. William E. Gladstone gave it its name, "The Vocalion, " and endorses it thoroughly, and since its inception by Mr. Hamilton has taken a great interest in it. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MERCANTILE HOUSES. HENRY A. DREER No business firm is better known in the city of Philadelphia than the great seed firm of Henry A. Dreer at No. 714 Chestnut street. Philadelphia is a city of homes, and consequently of gar- dens, and all good citizens who have the luxury of a grass plot and a flower bed, have a tender spot in their hearts for Dreer, who has the power of beautifying their surroundings and giving color and fragrance to their existence. The firm of Henry A. Dreer was founded in 183S under the name of Hirst & Dreer with offices at No. 97 Chestnut street and extensive nurseries at Woodlands, on the Darby road. At the end of a year Mr. Hirst retired from the firm and Henry A. Dreer alone began to lay the foundation of a great and increasing business. From a very small beginning the trade has grown until it now requires over 100 acres of land to produce their seeds, and a large office to transact the business that has gradually culminated. In 1S55 the firm was removed to No. 117 Chestnut street, and in 1863 still more spacious quarters were necessary for the business portion of the concern, and the present handsome offices were occupied at No. 714 Chestnut street. Since that time the business of the firm has increased until it has no rival in the city, and the result of its work in cultivating seeds speaks for itself. The extent of the business done by Henry A. Dreer can be esti- mated by a glance at the wonderful growth of their nurseries or seed farms. From a small beginning at Woodlands in 183S, the plant had to be removed to Mantua and Belmont avenues in 1849, and then the necessity for greater space and the improvements of a great city necessitated another change to a more elastic locality. Riverton, a pretty spot in New Jersey, was the place selected, and now over 100 acres are devoted to seed growing and testing, and the scientific cultivation of plants of every variety. Thirty large green- houses, heated by a 100-horse-power boiler, are necessary for the supply of seeds demanded by the great business developed. Each house is devoted to the cultivation of a special class of plants, and the stock is considered the best arranged and regulated of its kind in the country. At all times the grounds are open for the inspec- tion of the public, and they are a grand object lesson to all students of plant and shrub culture. The seed growers employed by the firm are the most experi- enced that can be procured. They are experts in specialties and nothing is offered for sale except after the most thorough com- parative tests and a full assurance of its germinating strength. The motto of the firm is " the best or nothing," and the record proves that it has an endless variety of seeds which are absolutelv reliable. The house has also educated the public in the growth of plants and vegetables by issuing a series of catalogues, which are artistic as well as instructive. The first combined list of seeds was issued as early as 1840, and each year has seen a more extended document sent forth to the public, which has been rational in its tone, edu- cational in its matter, and clearly descriptive of the articles offered for sale. As books of reference these catalogues are simply invalu- able. In December, 1873, the founder of the firm, Henry A. Dreer, died, and he left the business in the hands of his son Mr. William F. Dreer, under whose able management the business has extended and prospered in a marvelous degree. Mr. William F. Dreer was born in Philadelphia in 1849 ; he was educated in the public schools and at the Hastings Academy. He is a worthy successor of his father and has fully realized the great promise of his youth, having brought the business of seed cultivation up to a positive science. As an instance of the work done by the firm in the improve- ment and development of the cultivation of seedlings the following actual results may be quoted. In 1868, through the medium of Hon. Bayard Taylor, Minister to Turkey, the seeds of the Casaba, or Persian melon, and Latakia tobacco were imported and brought to perfection in this country. In the next year the splendid Musa Ensete, or Abyssinian banana, was introduced to America, after it had been shown for the first time in Paris. Since then it has been largelv cultivated, and has proved a most effective plant for sub- tropical gardening. In 1870 the beautiful Ampelopsis Veiichii was introduced. This lovely plant was sent from Japan to Messrs. Veitch & Sons of London, and at once imported here. It has proved one of the most valuable climbing plants in America. Then there are vegetables, such as the Hanson lettuce, Bastian's turnip beet, and Dreer's improved lima bean, which is considered a most valuable contribution to horticulture, as is also Dreer's Eclipse asparagus, and many others which have amply proved the reliabil- itv and deserved prosperity of a firm which has had 50 yearssuccess- ful career in the seed trade. COLEMAN & BROTHER The firm of Coleman S: Brother, worsted and woolen yarns, of No. 212 Chestnut street, was established in 1873. It was the Erst to disseminate the French system of yarns in this countrv, andaltl for many years it was thought an unwise move, at the present time the Messrs. Coleman have so fostered and increased the demand for the commodity that they have orders for all they can possibly make. This firm was the first and is the largest house to place on the market worsted yarns on commission, and their sales have amounted to 2,500,000 pounds annually. The business which was infinitesimal at its commencement was established by George F. Coleman and James T. Coleman, sons of Nicholas Coleman, the oldest manufacturer of wagons and carts in the city. Both the young men were born and reared in Philadelphia. James T. thoroughly understands the prac- tical spinning business, and George F. is an expert judge of varus. Before the change in the tariff the brothers were large importers of yarns. They are largely interested in the woolen interests of this country, and transact business in New England and the Western States. They handle the products of nine mills, from the coarsest to the finest samples, and they have by energv and good judgment established a solid and lucrative business. The first year's business of the Coleman Brothers aggregated one hundred and fiftv to two hundred thousand dollars, the second year reached five hundred thousand, and now the record has risen to between two and three millions. The business of the firm has thus been fostered and increased until the demand on the resources of the firm has been embarrassing, and the idea that when started was thought by those who knew it all to be foolish has so prospered that Coleman Brothers have as much business as they can attend to. In addition to the interests of the firm George F. Coleman is President of the Norristown Woolen Company, a Director of the Conshohocken Woolen Company and a member of the Manufac- turers' Club. Although not yet twenty years old this voung firm has made for itself a reputation for pluck and integrity second to none in the city of Philadelphia. T. BENNETT PHILLIPS T. Bennett Phillips is one of the leading and most prominent coal dealers in Philadelphia, a position he has won by enterprise and strict attention to business. In 1S70 he entered the emplov of Campbell Tucker. Later the firm of Campbell Tucker & Co. was formed of which Mr. Phillips became a member, remaining so until Mr. Campbell Tucker's death in 18S4. On January 1, 1885, a new firm was formed with the old name and Mr. Phillips became a member of it. This latter firm of Campbell Tucker & Co. expired by limitation December 31, 1888, and on January 1, 1S89, Mr. Phil- lips engaged in business in his own name at 329 Walnut street where he still continues. He is an extensive dealer in anthracite and bituminous coals ; among those he handles being, anthracite from the Lehigh and Schuylkill regions — bituminous from the Cumberland, Clearfield, Broad Top and Gallitzin regions — gas coal from the Pennsylvania and West Virginia regions as well as Con- nellsville and other cokes. In 1890 the amount handled by Mr. Phillips was more than 200,000 tons, and for the first six months of the present year (1S91) the tonnage and shipments were largely in excess of the business during the corresponding period in 1890. He partially supplies several railroads in the New England States, where he has also a large wholesale trade in addition. His busi- ness, however, is not confined to the Middle and Eastern States, but extends to other points on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. He is known, too, in the West Indies, and his business is increasing in this direction. From these few points the energy of Mr. Phillips can plainly be discerned, and show that he is eminently qualified to carry on a business where the exactions are so many and so diffi- cult to be met and overcome. That he has succeeded does not admit of a doubt, and that further success awaits him seems assured. His knowledge of the business is extensive and thorough, made so by his careful study of the many requirements and details of the trade. His entire attention is devoted to his patrons' interests, and his promptness in attending to even the most minute detail is one cause of his success. He is honest in his representations, and those who deal with him know that his word is equal to his bond, and he is esteemed and respected by a large circle of friends and patrons. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MERCANTILE HOUSES. C. HULBURT & CO. The well-known firm of C. Hulburt & Co., oil manufacturers, at No. 131 Arch street, was founded by Chauncey Hulburt, who was born in Warsaw, Wyoming county, New York State, in 1813. His ancestors claim to have been among the first settlers of New Eng- land, dating back 265 years. He was a pioneer in the oil business, and was consigned the first shipment of refined oils that came from Erie. Mr. Hulburt was also the first to discover the lubricating properties of petroleum soon after the discovery of that particular class of oil in 1S60. In the winter of 1S62 the government placed a revenue tax on refined petroleum, and without any solicitation on the part of Mr. Hulburt, he received a commission from Secretary of the Treasury Fessenden appointing him Inspector of Petroleum for the city of Philadelphia, and he served the government in that capacity until the tax was removed. In the meantime he had con- tinued his investigations on the lubricating properties of petroleum and he achieved great success in his experiments. He finally determined to devote his whole business to furnish- ing manufacturers with oils specially adapted either for heavy or light machinery. The firm carries a large and com- plete stock embracing all kinds of animal, vegetable, natural and compounded oils of all grades. Mr. Hulburt came to Pennsylvania when a j-oung man and settled in Bellefonte, Centre county, where for many years he carried on a large and successiul manufacturing busi- ness. He subsequently came to Philadelphia and started in the wholesale dry goods business in which he continued to pros- per for twelve years. It was not until 1S61, at the time of the war of the rebellion, soon after the discovery of petro- leum, that he turned his sole attention to the business in which he has achieved such remarkable success. Advancing 3'ears have com- pelled Mr. Hulburt to partially retire from any very active part in the business, but he has an excellent partner in his eldest son, Mr. D. W. Hulburt, who has worthily followed in the footsteps of his father, and who continues to develop and in- crease the business which has prospered so well under the fostering care of both father and son. Gas Coal Co. aud Indiana Coal and Coke Co. The firm is also in- terested in the Hecla Coke Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. The yearly output of these mines is between Soo.ooo and 1,000,000 tons. The business of Mr. Williams and his associates is distributed throughout the Middle and New England States, in which they supply many railroad companies, steamship lines, roll- ing mills anil manufacturers generally. Nothing further need be said in endorsement of the Company than to refer the reader to the names of the different mines which they control, which are well and favorably known to the trade in general. Besides the branch offices at the different mines, David E. Williams & Co. have their principal office in Philadelphia, at 333 Walnut street. HARRINGTON & GOODMAN The firm of Harrington & Goodman, importers and wholesale dealers in tailors' trimmings and woolens, are too well known to need any praise. The business Chauncey Hulburt DAVID E. WILLIAMS & CO. .'as established over half a cen- tury ago by Thomas N. Dale, who was the pioneer dealer in tailors' trimmings in the city, as a distinctive trade. Mr. Samuel Goodman bought out the business of Thomas N. Dale & Co. in 1S67, when the ware- houses were at No. 610 Chest- nut street, now the site of the Land Title and Trust Company. Mr. Goodman associated him- self in the business with Henry L- Harrington, and the title of the firm was Harrington & Goodman. In 1873 the busi- ness had grown to such pro- portions that larger premises became necessary and the firm leased the large building at No. 6t9 Chestnut street. In the same year Mr. William E. Goodman was admitted to the firm and Mr. Harrington died. Subsequently, in 1876, the original co-partnership lapsed, and in 1S80 Mr. Joseph E. Goodman was made a member of the firm and a further addi- tion was made to the business premises by the renting of the adjoining store, No. 621 Chest- nut street. The business done is exclusively in tailors' trim- mings and woolen cloths, and they are the largest importers of that class of goods in the country- They sell in every big city in the United States. The present members of the firm are, Samuel Goodman , Miners and shippers of bituminous coal and coke. The con- sumption of coal and coke has naturally assumed proportions which eclipse those of any other material, and as a result many large coal establishments have sprung into existence. A friendly rivalry exists between the many firms aud companies. The firm of D. E. Williams & Co. have won a reputation of which they may justly feel proud. The Company was established in t882, and although, they en- tered a business in which competition was yearly driving the weaker houses from existence, they not only successfully met competition, but built up for themselves one of the largest busi- nesses in the city of Philadelphia. They are owners, miners and shippers of coal and coke, their favorite being the Glen wood bitu- minous coals, the superiority of which is generally recognized for rolling mills and steam purposes and which has aided not a little in placing the Company among the foremost coal firms of Philadel- phia. Their mines are located at Phillipsburg, Pa., and Glen Campbell, Pa. The mines in which this concern is interested are the Glen wood Coal Co., Carbon Coal Co., Madison Gas Coal Co., and Indiana Coal aud Coke Co. David E. Williams, senior member of the Company, is Presi- dent of the Glen wood Coal Co., Carbon Coal Co., and the Madison William E. Goodman and Joseph E. Goodman, all brothers, and all of them have fought side by side for their country, having served honorably all through the war of the rebellion. Samuel Goodman was gazetted Second Lieutenant of the Twenty- eighth Pennsylvania Infantry in 1861, and was honorably mustered out in 1S64, with the brevet rank of Colonel. He fought gallantly at the battles of Cedar Mountain, Antietam, Chancellorsyille, Get- tysburg, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Ringgold, Mill Creek Gap and Resaca. He was wounded at Chancellorsyille and Ringgold. William Earnest Goodman enlisted in the Nineteenth Pennsyl- vania Infantry in i86t, and subsequently exchanged tothe Twenty- eighth, aud then to the Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment. He was honorably mustered out in 1865 with the brevet rank of Major. He served all through the campaign in Georgia and the Carolinas, and was wounded at Chancellorsyille. Joseph Earnest Goodman was a private in the Twenty-eighth Regiment and was honorably discharged in fS66, with the rank of Second Lieutenant. He fought gallantly by the side of his brothers and at the battle of Ringgold he was shot in the leg. His brother. Dr. Henry Goodman, of the same regiment, amputating the limb on the battle-field. Brothers in war, brothers in peace, this gallant family enjoy as high a reputation in the mercantile world as they did in the war, and they are deservedly prosperous. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MERCANTILE HOUSES. SITES, WHEELER & CO. This house is one of the most prominent in Philadelphia, and was established in 1S79 by H. Fred. Sites, who continued it until 1883, when Mifflin Wheeler was admitted as a partner. The firm then became known as Sites, Wheeler & Co., and although other changes have been made in the partnership, the old name has con- tinued. In 1887 G. W. Nicolls became a member of the firm, and two years later, some time in 1S89, the founder and senior partner, Mr. Sites, died. His death, however, did not cause any change in the name, as the trade is still conducted as Sites, Wheeler & Co. The business is that of purchasing and selling pig, plate and bar iron, new and old rails, charcoal blooms and steel and iron plates. They are agents for the Spring City Bloom Works, and have an enormous trade in this line. Both partners are practical business men, and have a thorough knowledge of the business they are engaged in. Mr. Wheeler gained his experience in the office of Morris, Wheeler & Co., and later was in charge of several depart- ments of the Pottstown Iron Company, a position he retained until joining the firm of which he is now the head. Mr. Nicolls was formerly in the employ of the Pottstown Iron Company, in which he held a number of responsible positions. He con- tinued with the company be- tween the years 1867 and 1876, when he resigned to accept the secretaryship of the Glascow Iron Company. He remained with this company until 1SS6, when he ascended another rung in the ladder by becoming President of the Christiana Rolling Mill Company at Wil- mington, Delaware. The mill was totally destroyed by a cy- clone in 18S7, and the com- pany was dissolved. The op- portunity being offered, Mr. Nicolls then became a member of the firm of Sites, Wheeler & Co. They have established for themselves an enviable reputation by their energetic yet conservative management, and their list of patrons is ever increasing. Their principal business office is at No. 216 South Third street. which produces the celebrated Frugality low phosphorus coke; agents for the William Penn and Oak Hill Anthracite coals, and sell A. Pardee & Company's and Penn Gas Coal Company's coals. Their shipments are made by rail, canal and coastwise vessels, their business being principally with steamship and railroad .0111: steel works, iron furnaces, rolling mills, and manufacturing lishments generally, as the coals they handle are especially adapted for these purposes. Their business has attained enormous propor- tions, the yearly shipments averaging 500,000 tons, distributed among the New England States, New York and Pennsylvania. Mr. Tucker possesses every requisite to make his business a greater suc- cess even than it has already attained, being progressive, enterpris- ing and quick to perceive and meet the requirements of the trade. William W ALFRED TUCKER & CO. The name of Tucker has long been identified with the business interests of Phila- delphia, and although the above firm has only been in existence since 1888, its success and progress has been such as to indicate that the past achievements of its predecessors are to be re- peated, on even a more extensive scale. The firm occupies a handsome suite of three rooms in the Insurance Company of the State of Pennsylvania building, at No. 136 South Fourth street, where Mr. Alfred Tucker personally manages the large and con- stantly increasing business of the Company. He is a native of this city, a son of Hon. John Tucker, deceased, and was born in 1841. His father was among our most prominent citizens, and was con- nected with many local enterprises, having been at one time Presi- dent of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company. He also held the high office of Assistant Secretary of War under Stanton, during President Lincoln's first term. The sou — the subject of this sketch — was given every educational advantage, and graduated from the Polytechnic College in 1S70. He entered upon a business career immediately thereafter, as a member of the firm of Camp- bell, Tucker & Co., coal agents and shippers. The firm expired by reason of limitation on the thirty-first day of December, 188S, Mr. Tucker immediately forming the present firm. It has an interest in six mines in the Clearfield regions, the product of which is of the very best quality. They are also sales and shipping agents for the American Coal Company, George's Creek, Cumberland coal ; representatives of the Cresson Clearfield Coke and Coal Company, TRADES LEAGUE AND WILLIAM W- FOULKROD The Trades League of Philadelphia is an established fact. On March 24, 1891, in answer to a call signed by a number of promi- nent merchants, a public meet- ing was held in the Common Council Chamber and the Trades League was then and there organized with William W. Foulkrod, of the firm of Hood, Foulkrod & Co., as president, Edward D. Eyre vice-president, Samuel H. Creger treasurer, and J. N. Fitzgerald secretary. The objects of the Trades League are to bring together the different mercantile inter- ests of the city into one large organization for the improve- ment of the general business of Philadelphia. The necessity for such an organization has long been felt in this city, and from the number of prominent citizens of ever3 - trade that have enrolled themselves as mem- bers the success of the Trades League is assured. William W. Foulkrod, the first president of the Trades League, is a member of the great wholesale dry goods firm of Hood, Foulkrod & Co. He was born November 22, 1846, in the old district of Frankford, within the city of Philadelphia, and where the Foulkrod family has resided for six generations. This family is one of the oldest in the city and its members have always been prominent in public affairs and mercantile pursuits. Mr. Foulkrod's father, Levi Foulkrod, was a member of the State Senate for the Philadelphia district. His grandfather, John Foulkrod, besides being a State Senator was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1837 and 1S38. Mr. Foulkrod began his business career when a boy in the wholesale notion house of Mustin & Bennett 011 January 1, 1863, one of the oldest and most prominent houses in the city. He remained there through various changes until the firm was re-or- ganized as Thomas F. Mustin & Co., when Mr. Foulkrod was ad- mitted as an active partner. In 1887, when John Wanamaker went into the wholesale busi- ness, he bought out the firm of Mustin S; Co., and Mr. Foulkrod was specially retained to take charge of Mr. Wauamaker's whole- sale notion business. He retained this position until 1890, when he again entered into business on his own account by becoming the active partner and moving spirit in the firm of Hood, Foulkrod & Co., which is to-day one of the largest mercantile establishments in the country. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MERCANTILE HOUSES. HUGHES & MULLER The large ami fashionable custom tailoring business of Hughes & Miiller, at Nos. 1035 and 1037 Chestnut street, was founded by George Hughes and George Miiller in 1S48, and it is alone in its importance as the most prominent and high classed firm of its kind in the Citvof Philadelphia. Mr. George Miiller, the surviving member of the original firm, was born at Waldorf (the same little village where the founder of the Astor family came from), near Heidelberg, in the year 1822. He learned his trade in his native place, and after procuring his freedom papers he went on the usual trade journey from 1839 to 1S42. Then the laws of Germany compelled him to return to his native place in order to comply with the conscription regulations. Fortunately for the voung tailor he drew a lucky number and was relieved from his military duties to his country for the remainder of his natural life. Having thus gained experience and profi- ciency in his trade by long practice and close application, young Miiller settled in Paris in 1842, and he continued to perfect himself in his business in that great city for a period of five years. George Miiller having ex- perienced the unpleasant re- strictions to liberty in Europe, and having luckily escaped a good part of them, determined to try the freedom of the Western Hemisphere. In 1847, he accordingly sailed from Havre and lauded in New- York . He at once came on to Philadelphia, where he has lived and prospered ever since. After working for one year with the firm of Kelly & Brother, the then fashionable house, Mr. Miiller determined to launch out for himself. He joined Mr. George Hughes, who was also in the employ of Messrs. Kelly, and the two young men entered into partnership and started in business in a modest way on Market street, below Tenth. Thus was originated the now great business establishment of Hughes & Miiller. The two young tradesmen were both hard-working, conscientious business men, and their concern prospered. From the first their aim was to build up a fashionable trade and it was on the advice of some of the leading club men of the day that they were induced, with increasing business, to see the necessity for larger quarters, and the firm removed to Chestnut street, at the northeast corner of Eighth street, where the business was carried on with unvarying success for fourteen years. In 1862, still more spacious premises became imperative, to comply with the demands of increasing trade, and another move George Muller was made to No. S41 Chestnut street, under the Girard House, where they remained until 1871. Then still larger premises became necessary, and the final location of the firm was made in the present handsome premises at No. 1035 Chestnut street, which were purchased, and the business still further developed and increased in size and importance. Soon after the removal to No. 1035 Chestnut street, Mr. George Hughes died, and Mr. George Muller took his two sons into part- nership. The firm, however, still holding the original title of Hughes & Miiller. The adjoining premises, No. 1037 Chestnut street, were now added, forming a very handsome double front establishment on the finest business street in Philadelphia, and adding largely to the capacity and capabilities of what is probably the largest business of its kind in the United States. The personnel of the firm, as it at present stands, is, Geo. Muller, the founder, Geo. K. Muller, and John H. Muller. Mr. Miiller, senior, is of medi- um height and a fine-looking man, who carries his years easily, and his sturdy form and genial face are among the best known features of Chest- nut street. Having amassed an ample fortune Mr. Muller spends it liberally in good works and charities. He is a member of many societies, and he was the first President of the Merchant Tailors' Exchange of Philadelphia, which is the pa- rent exchange of those now- existing in this country, as well as the largest and most important. The handsome establish- ment on Chestnut street is the resort of a large number of the fashionable young society men of the city. It is a favorite lounging place, and there the latest styles of clothes are discussed and admired, and the most recent London fashions are imported for their delectation and selection. Thus from a very humble inception a large and important business has been established, and the industry, integrity and perseverance of George Muller, have been properly rewarded by the establishment of a great and prosperous emporium for the manufacture of fine clothing, which ranks among the highest in the world. Mr. Miiller's two sons follow in the footsteps of their father, and by their attention to business and unvarying courtesy to their many customers, the}- are consolidating the business which has been laid on such firm foundations, and which is likely to remain a perpetual monument to the energy of its founders, and a credit to the city in which it was established and has so marvelously extended and prospered. 216 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MERCANTILE HOUSES. McFADDEN COMPANY Naturally conservative iu the matter of purchasing goods, most business men of Philadelphia ilesire to ileal with an old established house, one that has built its reputation upon years of success, both in point of low figures and fair dealing. Certainly the oldest and one of the largest supply houses in the city is the McFadden Com- pany. This enterprise had its inception as long ago as 1829. After passing through a number of changes in management it eventually fell under the direction of Messrs. Howard, Tallman & Co., and until 1S76 the style of the firm continued the same. In that year John W. and Charles McFadden purchased the interest of Mr. How- ard. Upon this he retired, and the style of the firm was changed to Tallman & McFadden, the firm continuing under this title until the death of the senior member of the firm, Mr. Tallman, when the present style was adopted. The premises occupied by the firm were originally located at 1025 Market street, but during the past few years the trade has so largely increased that it was found necessary to remove to more commo- dious quarters at 735 Market street. The present build- ing was taken and refitted in the most approved manner, every convenience being brought to bear upon the work in hand. The stock carried is very heavy and comprises one of the most widely assorted that can well be imagined ; all kinds of tools for machinists', carpenters' and mechanics' uses, all kinds of supplies, separate parts for almost every variety of machine ; in fact, the catalogue published by the firm is a volume of great size and the work of years to com- pile, showing cuts and prices of almost everything carried in stock. The trade covers this and the surrounding States, in addition to which a large ex- port business has been built up, principally with points in South and Central America. The management of affairs is devolved upon Messrs. Charles McFadden, Sr. , John W. McFadden, and Charles McFadden, Jr. These gentle- men have spent their entire business career in this line and are familiar with all the many intricate details that are naturally connected with it. He is an eloquent speaker and is in greal demand during the cam- paign fights. He went on the stump for President Harrison and Mr. Delamater, and he is now advocatin Greggand Morrison on the State ticket. Ho is always in great demand by tin- Republican City Committee at eli In fact Mr. Hon is as great a success as a politician as he is as a business man, and whatever he undertakes he carries 01 the utmost energy and to the full extent of hi , In his business lie has developed several specialties, notably in tht Auction of Clarkfield's sawed flag pavements. He also deals largely in F.lyria Sandstone, Gatelawbridge Scotch red stone and Hoosier Indiana limestone. Mr. Horr has several times been mentioned as a probable appointee of some important city offices, but he is more inclined to look after the profits of his stone business than to grapple with the problems of official life. R. C. HORR & CO. R. C. Horr The prosperous stone business of R. C. Horr & Co. was started in 1S82 by R. A. Horr and his son R. C. Horr. The father was in partnership with W. R. Sautley, at Wellington, Ohio, in the lumber business, but he retired from that business and went into handling stone from his own quarries in Ohio. The offices and yard are at No. 2728 North Broad street, and the increasing business is ably managed by Mr. R. C. Horr. R. Cortland Horr was born in Ohio, in 1859, and was educated in the public schools, he afterward went to Oberlin College and finally graduated at Cornell University in 1S82. The same vear he went into the stone business with his father. Although a busy man and rapidly increasing his trade, Mr. Horr finds time to go into politics. He first became prominent in political circles by the activity he displayed in advocating the election of President Har- rison. In February 1SS9 he was elected to Common Councils to represent the 33rd Ward and he worked so well for his constitu- ents that he was reelected at the expiration of his first term. He is now chairman of the Fire and Health committees, and he strongly advocated and championed better legislation for the prohibition of the sale of adulterated milk. He is also an active member of the Law and Water committees. Ill Republican circles Mr. Horr has gained great popularity, and he is a member of many clubs, including the Young Republicans, Anti-Cobden, Columbia and Tom Reed clubs. MITCHELL & MEIGS A well known and pros- perous coal, iron and coke firm is that of Mitchell & Meigs, whose principal offices are located at I36and 13S South Fourth street, Philadelphia. Robert Mitchell, senior mem- ber of the firm, established the business in 18S5, at Lebanon, Pa. , but his trade assumed such proportions that he found it not only necessary to remove his principal office to this city, but to admit a partner, and on January 1, 1889, H. V. L. Meigs became associated with Mr. Mitchell, under the firm name of Mitchell & Meigs. That both gentleman understood the business and the require- ments of the trade is attested by the great success tliev have attained, and to-day their busi- ness is in a most flourishing condition and constantlv in- creasing. While Philadelphia was made their headquarters, they have a branch office at Lebanon also, so that they are in position to keep pace with the latest developments in their line. Mr. Mitchell personally manages the branch office, and resides in Lebanon. The firm controls or owns the output of several collieries, one of which is the famous Columbia col- liery situated in the Clear- field region ; in addition to this they handle the Phila- delphia & Reading Coal and Iron Company's anthracite coals, and are agents for several leading bituminous and gas coals. McClure Coke Company's Conncllsville coke. They are also man- ufacturers of coke, are interested in the manufacture of pig iron, and control the entire output of the Rohrerstown rolling mill, in Lancaster county, which produces muck bars of a very superior quality. Mitchell & Meigs also handle the product of the Blakeslee Manufacturing Company of Cleveland, Ohio, which includes bolt, nut, rivet and forging machines. Besides having a large American trade, the firm exports a large quantity of coals, coke, etc. JOSIAH M. BACON Josiah M. Bacon, the well-known coal miner and shipper, comes of an old Quaker family. His father was Joshua Bacon, one of Phila- delphia's most respected merchants and a shining light in the Society of Friends. Mr. Bacon isa Philadelphian, ami a scion of one of the oldest city families. He is largely engaged in coal mining and shipping, and for many years his offices were at No. 329 Walnut street ; lately, however, he has moved to more spacious quarters in the building of the Insurance Company of the State of Pennsyl- vania, 136 and 138 South Fourth street. 217 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MERCANTILE HOUSES. J. STEWART KNIGHT & CO. The firm of J. Stewart Knight & Co., wholesale lumber dealers, was formed in 1S89. The members are J. Stewart Knight, of Phila- delphia, and Martin T. Greene, of Chicago, Illinois, both of them experienced lumber dealers and highly esteemed by those high in the trade. The offices are located at No. 18 South Broad street, Philadelphia. Mr. J. Stewart Knight was born in this city in 1S57, and has resided here all his life. After passing through the public schools he finished his education at Lauderbach's Academy, at Ninth and Chestnut streets. He then went through a thorough course of training ior the lumber business. Commencing at the bottom rung of the ladder he passed through all the grades from counter book- keeper to inspector, purchaser, salesman, until he became the head of a solid firm. It would be very difficult to find a man more thor- oughly equipped for his business than Mr. Knight. His father, Franklin Knight, has been connected in different capacities with the saw mill and lumber business iu this city since 1 85 1. The family is of the old New England stock. Mr. Knight's great-great-grandfather was oneof the earliest settlers of the town of Portland, Maine, and his great-grandfather served honorably and valiantly for three years iu the Continental Army. Both father and son have taken a lively interest in the formation of the North Caro- lina Worked Lumber Association, and it was largely through their personal efforts that the organization was formed and is now a suc- cessful and established fact. Mr. Martin T. Greene, the other partner of the firm, hails from Chicago. He is President of the Chicago Lumber Company, and he enjoys a national reputation in connection wrth the lumber in- terests of the country. The immense business of the Chicago establishment absorbing the attention of Mr. Greene, he has not as yet taken any active part in the management of the Philadelphia concern, and he has been obliged to leave it to the able supervision of his partner, Mr. Knight. The primary object in establishing the Philadelphia house was to have an agency in the East for the sale of a portion of the immense output of white pine and poplar lum- ber from the mills of the Chicago Lumber Company. This object has now been fully attained, and in addition thereto the firm has engaged to a large extent in the manufacture and sale of North Carolina pine lumber. A large proportion of this lumber is pro- cured in the rough from the saw mills, and from thence taken to the drying kilns of Mr. John H. Branning, of Edeuton, North Caro- lina, at which place it is manufactured into flooring, fencing, ceil- ing boards, siding, mouldings, and the various other articles for which this particular kind of lumber is so well adapted. The pro- duct is then shipped via the Norfolk and Southern Railroad to Nor- folk, Virginia, from whence it is distributed by vessel and rail to various points in Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and all the Eastern States. The output from the North Carolina mills alone averages the large total of 15,000,000 feet of lumber per annum. The principal objects of the North Carolina Worked Lumber Association, of which mention has previously been made, is to pro- mote the personal acquaintance of the men engaged in that particu- lar class of business, to make rules which shall regulate the grading- gauge of manufacturer, prices at which sales may be made, and, if necessary, to purchase the stock of any member of the associa- tion who may find himself overstocked with lumber, and experieuce a difficulty to market the product. The offices of the association are located at Norfolk, Virginia. The Chicago Lumber Company has turned its particular atten- tion more largely to the manufacture of poplar lumber, and the Philadelphia house has always large stocks of various kinds of lumber from which to fill the numerous orders with which it is favored. In this way the comparatively small establishment in Pcnn Square conducts the business of a large company in Chi- cago, and an important factory in Virginia, and from small begin- ning the nucleus of a thriving business has been established. The firm of J. Stewart Knight & Co. is one of steady and healthy growth, and it is conducted by men who are the most experienced in the business. Although, as yet, only of recent date, the capacity of the business has extended in such proportions that the output has already reached from twenty-five to thirty millions of feet of lumber of all kinds annually. These figures speak for themselves, and no statement can be more forcible, and so sure a testimony to the standing and exper- ience of the firm of J. Stewart Knight & Co. JESSE LEE Of Jesse Lee & Sons, dealers in saddlery hardware, 34 South Fourth street, was born in Hunterdon county, N. J., and attended the public school at Milford, living on his father's farm until he had attained his eighteenth year. He was born October, 1817 ; in 1S35 he was employed as clerk in a general store in Easton, Pa., in 1838 he went to Florida, and served as shipping clerk in a cotton house, spending his summers north, and speculating in flour and produce and sending the same by schooner to Havana. In 1841, a building, in which all his stock on hand was stored, was burned, and he was left penniless. Undaunted by his misfortune, he returned to this city and served a clerkship until 185 1, when with Thomas Feuton he began the carriage and saddlery hardware business. Mr. Feuton died in 1854, and Mr. Lee assumed full control. In 18S3 and 1SS7, his sons, Louis and Walter, were respectively admitted as partners. Saddlery hardware and horse goods are the exclusive lines in stock. It is the oldest house in this business in the city. Thev sell the celebrated Birmingham horse clippers, sheets and blankets, and the "Keystone Standard " horse-boots of their own manufacture, which have become immensely popular. By untiring industry, the business has increased oyer 400 per cent. The sales amounted to $175,000 last year. THE WOMEN'S SILK CULTURE ASSOCIATION The Women's Silk Culture Association of the United States, whose office is at No. 1224 Arch street, was organized in April, 18S0, as a movement of a few charitable and patriotic women to introduce a new industry among the women and children of the agricultural districts. Their object being to find another source of employment for the vast number whom we have leaving the agricultural dis- tricts to throng the cities and thereby creating crowded and un- healthy districts. The correspondence of this Association has extended all over the States and to many parts of the continent and to foreign countries. 60,000 American families have through this Association received instruction in the art of silk culture and many are ex- perimenting and progressing in the new industry. The results have been very good, the product being equal in quality to the best foreign raw silk and lacking only the experience of the old silk culturists to give it perfection of quality. The silk thus raised bv American families has been turned into all the known silk fabrics manufactured iu our country and has produced satisfactory material. This industry needs only time and continued perse- verance, together with the S5-stematic planting and cultivation of mulberry trees, to keep in our own country the millions of dollars which now go abroad for foreign material. There is no doubt but silk culture will be one of the great agricultural industries of the United States, and in the future we shall not only supply ourselves but possibly other markets with American raw silk. Many objec- tions are urged by the manufacturers in consequence of the low- wage system which produces this silk abroad, but they as manu- facturers had the same conditions to contend with when they in- troduced the manufacture of silk into our country, and we have only to look at the flourishing condition of the manufacturers' silk interests of our country to recognize how readily these things are overcome in the progress of time. Referring to the work done by this one station in Philadelphia : we have purchased from those cultivating silk 12,000 pounds of cocoons ; have sold 1700 pounds of reeled or commercial raw silk ; have manufactured 2000 yards of silk goods ; have made 40 silk 1'nited States flags ; have made large quantities of silk fringe and ribbons; have sent cabinet exhibits of the various products of the silk industry to every State Agricultural Society in the Union ; have sent exhibits of our work with reel and reeler to nearly every large exposition held within the last decade ; have exhibited our work and reeling in England and Scot- land. We have numerous demands from Industrial and High Schools from all parts of the country for cabinet exhibits of the work as object lessons for their pupils ; have sent out thousands of circulars and instruction books ; and within the last three years have distributed 40,000 mulberry trees throughout the country, thereby laying the foundation for the coming silk culture ; we have instructed American girls in the art of reeling, and have thus be- come a school of instruction in silk culture. This covers only the work done by the Philadelphia Branch. This Association is pre- paring for an exhaustive exhibit at the World's Columbian Exposi- tion, at Chicago. The officers of the Association are: Mrs. John Lucas, President ; Mrs. H. P. Taylor, Treasurer ; Mrs. John Yard, Secretary. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MERCANTILE HOUSES. CHARLES M. BETTS & CO. The firm of Charles M. Betts & Co., wholesale dealers in lum- ber, earn' on a large and profitable business at Pier 48, North Wharves, foot of Shackamaxon street, with a distributing yard and dock at the Ohio Basin Slip, Buffalo, and a branch office at 2S7 Elk street, Buffalo. The firm as at present constituted is composed of Charles M. Betts, his son, Benjamin Franklin Betts, and his nephew, C. Walter Betts. The business is a very extensive one, and the principal lumber dealt in is white pine, lumber flooring, spruce, cvprcss lumber and shingles. Messrs. Betts have large dealings with builders all over Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware. They also have considerable business in New York State, which is worked from the office in Buffalo. Mr. Charles M. Betts, who is the head and front of the busi- ness, was born in Bucks county, Pa., in 183S. He received a com- mon school education and came to Philadelphia when quite young to fill the position of clerk to Malone & Taylor, lumber merchants. When the war broke out young Betts, fired with the spirit of patri- otism, determined to join the army and fight for his country. He entered the service as a private in the Pennsylvania Cavalry, and after fighting gallantly and distinguishing himself all through that terrible struggle, he was honorably discharged with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. The war being over, Mr. Betts returned to the peaceful avocation of selling lumber. He rejoiued his old firm and in a few years he joined his master, Mr. William H. Taylor, and started the firm of Taylor & Betts. Business continued to increase and prosper until 1S90, when Mr. Taylor retired and the firm of Charles M. Betts & Co. was formed by Mr. Betts taking in his son and nephew. Mr. Betts was married in 1S66 by Morton McMichael, 1st, who was then Mayor. He is one of Philadelphia's most re- spected citizens, and he is foremost in any undertaking that will benefit and improve the city. For many years he has been identi- fied with the Lumber Exchange, having been a member since its organization and the president for the years 1S90-91. He is also one of the most active promoters and advocates for a Philadel- phia Bourse. Mr. Betts has never sought any political fame, but he has often been proposed for various offices in the city govern- ment of trust and importance, which he has always refused, pre- ferring to give his sole attention to the business which he created and has built up, and of which he has reason to be justly proud. HENRY C. PATTERSON & CO. The wholesale lumber firm of Henry C. Patterson & Co., at Poplar street wharves, was established in 1S62 under the firm name of Patterson & Lippincott, at the same location where they now carry on the business. In 1S72 Mr. Andrew Miller and Mr. Edwin H. Coane entered the firm, the former having been connected with the business since 1S64, and the latter since 1S67. In 1S74 the firm of Patterson & Lippincott was dissolved and the business continued by Messrs. Patterson, Miller and Coane, under the style of Henry C. Patterson & Co., and successfully conducted by those gentlemen ever since. In 1885 Mr. Henry C. Patterson retired from active interest in the business and left it to the remaining partners. The firm does an extensive business in yel- low pine, white pine, cypress lumber, shingles, &c, drawing their supplies from all sections of the country and selling both as whole- sale dealers and commission merchants, in all parts of Pennsyl- vania, New Jersey and Delaware. The offices are well situated, right on the Delaware river front, and the facilities for shipment are therefore very great. The offices are also in close proximity to the Pennsylvania. Baltimore & Ohio, and Philadelphia & Reading tracks, thereby insuring an easy receipt and speedy delivery of all the goods handled by the firm. Mr. Henry C. Patterson was born in New Jersey in 1825, and came to Philadelphia to reside in 1861. He started in the lumber business the following year and by his integrity, industi business tact has earned for himself a snug fortune and a good name as a business man and a citizen. He was one of the original incor- porators of the Lumbermen's Insurance Company of Philadelphia and is at present one of the directorsof that association. Mr. Andrew Miller is also a native of New Jersey, having been born in that State in 1S43. He came to Philadelphia in 1862, and in 1S64 he become a clerk in above mentioned lumber firm, and by his own individual exertions and devotion to business was pro- moted to be a partner, and the present high standing of Henrv C. Patterson & Co. is in a measure due to his energy and ability. Mr. Edwin H. Coane was born in Philadelphia in 1842. He is a graduate of the Central High School of this city, and with the exception of a few years, has been associated with the lumber inter- ests all his business life. To his management of the finances and carefully looking after the outside business as his special depart- ment, the good reputation the firm enjoy is largely due. Mr. Coane was one of the original incorporators of the Lumbermen's Exchange and has been treasurer and one of the directors of that institution since 1886. All the members of the firm are strongly in favor of the establishment of the new Philadelphia Bourse, and they are foremost in all movements for the advancement of the interests of the city in which they have lived and prospered for a quarter of a centurv. BALTIMORE & PHILADELPHIA STEAMBOAT COMPANY The line was started about 1836, the first steamer being the " Ericsson, " owned by Peck and Lore ; the steamer " Baltimore " was subsequently added to the line by Anthonv Groves, Jr., and William L. Ashmead, Anthony Groves, Jr., assuming charge in Philadelphia in 1S40, as agent and part owner. Samuel M. Shoe- maker, late Vice-President Adams Express Co., being the first agent in Baltimore, he was succeeded by E. G. Harris, who was followed by John S. Shriver, as President. The line took the name "Ericsson" from Captain John Ericsson, inventor of the Screw Propeller, this line being the first to practically adopt the wheel. The Companj- was chartered in 1S44 by the State of Maryland. General George Cadwalader, of Philadelphia, succeeded to Presi- dency at the death of Mr. Shriver. At the death of General Cadwalader, J. Alexander Shriver was elected President ; he died March, 1891, and was succeeded by Hon. John Cadwalader who is now President (nephew of the late General George Cadwalader). From this line sprung the New York and Baltimore Transportation Company, which has the same officers and owners ; the Ericsson Line owns now five iron steamers, for freight and passengers, plying daily between Philadelphia and Baltimore via Chesapeake and Delaware Canal ; the New York and Baltimore Company owns eight iron steamers, plying daily between Baltimore and New York, via Chesapeake and Delaware Canal and Delaware and Rari- tan Canal. These lines have played a very important part in developing the commerce, in ports of Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York ; they established the utility of the Screw Propeller Wheel which has become a great factor in the world's commerce. These companies had thirteen steamers employed by the United States Government in the late Civil War, and rendered valuable service transporting troops, provisions, stores, etc. Anthony Groves, Jr., who is still agent at Philadelphia, and part owner and director in both companies, had entire charge and chartered all these steamers to the L T nited States Government during the war. rendering to the Government as well as his own companies valuable service. For many years this line was the only outlet south of Philadelphia, for commerce, and still does a large and profitable business in freight and passengers, all due to the able and economical management of the Company by its officers and consequent popularity with its patrons. The regularity- of time of its steamers is proverbial, and during its long existence has never caused a dollar's loss to its customers, being noted for the great care exercised in handling the large and varied traffic, coming into its possession. The majority of its stock is owned by Philadelphians, and like most all Philadelphia institutions of long standing is conservative in its management and sound in its finances. The officers and Board of Directorsare as follows : President, Hon. John Cadwalader ; Vice-President. Robert M. Lewis ; Secretary and Treasurer, Henry L. Gaw; Directors, A. Groves, Jr., Philadelphia; Jas. S. Bringle, Philadelphia; Walter Shriver, New York. A. Groves, Jr., agent, Philadelphia ; Fred Shriver, agent, Baltimore. 219 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA NS. REAL ESTATE, ARCHITECTS, Etc. 4 'i a t 4t M? . ' ■■)' %■:). 11 3-J i ,^'#P Site $ John F. Betz Office Builoinq JOHN F. BETZ OFFICE BUILDING The John F. Betz Office Building, now in course of erection at the south- east corner of Penn Square and Broad street, is to be thirteen stories in height — one hundred and ninety-four feet from basement to top of cornice. It is to be built of Eastern granite and Green River limestone. It will be fire-proof throughout, no woodwork being used in the construction of any part of the structure. The style of architecture is modern ronianesque, elaborately ornamented. At the corner above the first story will be placed a cast bronze group of figures signaliz- ing Columbia encouraging the Arts and Trades. Above the second story and ex- tending around on both street fronts, cast bronze heads of all the Presidents of the United States, beginning with George Washington and ending with Benjamin Harrison. On a line with the eighth floor is to be placed a cast bronze statue of William Penn, mounted on the corner column. In appropriate location are to be carved heads representing different nationalities. There will be three hundred and four offices in the building. Five high speed elevators will be located in the centre of the building adjoining the main corridor. The entire build- ing will be heated by steam and lighted by electricity and gas. One million five hundred thousand dollars (fi, 500,- 000) is the estimated cost of the build- ing, without the ground. Mr. Allen B. Rorke is the'contractor — Mr. W, H. Deckcnis the architect. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. REAL ESTATE, ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS. > W: THE develop liar becav pment of real estate in Philadelphia i because it is horizontal instead of perpendicular as in other cities, where space is not to be had in the same profusion as here. A tourist may come from New York or Boston or Chicago with the dizziness caused by contemplation of altitude in its grandest exposition and he will say Philadelphia is flat and behind the times. lie arrives at this conclusion because here he can see only a few specimens of the fifteen or twelve-story monuments which decorate the places he has just left; and he will possibly continue in possession of his belief until he has had time to gauge the extent of Philadelphia, and then he will admit that he has been wrong. We have so much space here that we spread and expand instead of climbing and contract- is:, ^"o doubt many of the readers of this volume can remember when the public squares at Broad and Market streets were a Sunday afternoon's promenade from the city proper ; others can readily recall when that portion of old Fairmount at the Water- works was sufficiently out of town to be in the suburbs ; others, again, that time when Broad street, south of the Baltimore Depot (as it was then known), was a stretch of open fields, and in the opposite direction, when Columbia avenue marked the limit of extreme civilization. It is also within easy memory when the district west of the Schuylkill was a plain, everj-day piece of farm land, and the Darb\- horse railway was looked on as a wild venture of wild men ; when to go to Germantown was to go abroad almost as far as cit}' connections went, and when Gray's Ferry was a dangerous because lonely place after dark ; when convivial indi- viduals drove out of town to meet at the Punch Bowl or took an afternoon off to make a length}- trip to Suffolk Park. Kensington was known to exist b}' those who lived there ; once in a while a hayseed would drift into the city from Frankford or Manayunk ; or a stray inhabitant of Chest- nut Hill would save a week's wages to go into town on a tour, which would furnish gossip for for him for a year to come. But all this is of the past. The marble pile at Broad street is hardly in the centre of the southwestern part of the city ; old Fairmount is chiefly notable because of the number of good building lots it covers in the heart of the town ; for miles down and up Broad street there are row after row of massive or ornate buildings ; over the Schuylkill it is difficult to find a good vacant place to build. The Punch Bowl is swallowed up ; Suffolk is obliterated under blocks of well-built houses ; Kensington is in the city as much as Southwark ; you can go to Germantown, Frankford or Chestnut Hill over well-paved streets solidly built up, and then hardly have more than a faint idea of Philadelphia's advance in real estate improvement. Thousands of houses erected every year, thousands of new property-owners added to ihe records, thousands of new citizens given a positivelv personal interest in the city's welfare, is the historj- of landed interests here. In the future, when some archaeologist seeks a distinctive feature of Philadelphia, he will write it as the cit}- of homes, and in so doing will designate by the grandest title possible. A city of homes, a city where each is interested in his fellow's welfare, because that welfare is his own ; a city bare of tenements and their disgraces, and full of the independence and enterprise accruing to individual advancement, an only American city, because within it there is the liberty of ownership and the franchise of vested rights. It is in the great distribution of this ownership among what are technically known as people of moderate or limited means that one of the most marked of Philadelphia's peculiar features is to be found. It was here the building association in its perfect form was developed, and with it a gigantic stride in local advancement was made. The chief reason why this cit} - is so comparativelv free from labor agitation, anarchism and riotous demagogues is to be found in the fact that the great majority of working people are owners of real estate. They have no time for agitation, no inclination to destroy, no ear for fallacies. They may not be well read in political economy, but they are familiar with the reading of the parchment which describes all that certain lot of ground, containing a specified number of feet, situate so and so, together with the messuage or tenement thereon erected, to have and to hold. The}- may pay little attention to the panics in Europe or the dissolution of the Reichstag, but they are well up on the merits of sewerage, taxes and public expenditures. So by force of circumstance they are steady and observant ; by hold of title papers they are compelled to hold themselves well placed in the ranks. The house ownership feature is so prominent and so general in our people now that it is to this class of trade the builders principally cater, and season after season there are rows and rows of new dwellings erected, and yet the demand never seems to be fullv met. The city grows and grows in this way, and yet the general improvement in other real estate specialties is not neglected nor hindered. In the business sections the massive specimens of the builders' art are well in accord with the progress of the times ; utility combines with beauty of outline, and grandeur maiks itself where mere solidity might be best expected. Thus we have the variety which maintains the municipality at a standard equal to other modern cities as a whole ; but for whatever distinction we seek in the real estate world we must find in our wealth of homes a position in which we stand incomparable. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILA DELPHI ANS. REAL ESTATE, ARCHITECTS, Etc. GEORGE W. HANCOCK Formerly City Surveyor, and first president of the Real Estate Exchange, was born in Philadelphia, March, 1837. Having taken a course of engineering in the University of Pennsylvania, he was given a position while still a lad in the office of the City Surveyor, which he held for seventeen years and until Mr. Samuel L- Stnedley was promoted to be Chief Engineer and Surveyor, when Mr. Han- cock was unanimously elected to take the place vacated by him. His official incumbency covered the period of the Centennial Expo- sition and he had charge of all the grading and paving of the streets and the engineering of the passenger railway lines leading to the Centennial grounds. His professional labors during this period were so arduous and exhausting that his health became im- paired and in 1S79 he retired from all active duty as engineer and surveyor and devoted himself to real estate operations, in which his judgment is remarkably accurate. When the real estate operators formed an exchange they selec- ted Mr. Hancock as their first president. As an evidence of the confidence reposed in him, we may state that he has had charge of as many as 1300 houses at a time, including the real estate of the Girard Trust, and among the positions of trust and honor held by him we may mention that he has been treasurer of the West Phila- delphia Institute and of the Mautua Market Company, secretary and manager of the Swarthmore College, president of the Home Purchasing Company, president for many years of the Mantua Building Association, president of the Rutledge Mutual Improve- ment Company, president of the Twenty-fourth Ward Republican Executive Committee, manager of the Home for Aged and Infirm Colored Persons, and an active member of the Commonwealth Title and Trust Company, which he aided to establish. Mr. Han- cock has a splendid physique and in manner he is pleasant, affable and agreeable. CHARLES B. TRUITT, Jr. No form of investment has become so popular with the con- servative public as judiciously selected real estate, for not only is a permanent source of income assured, but there is reasonable cer- tainty of prospective increase in value. Much depends on the choice of eligibly situated and strictly first-class improved property, and there is no better safeguard than to secure the services of the sound judgment and practical experience of one of our most responsible real estate agents. Mr. Truitt, Jr. , has attained a degree of pros- perity and secured a hold on public favor and confidence that ampl v proves him to be a gentleman possessing more than ordinary ability in the real estate business aud conducts a general real estate and brokerage business, buying and leasing city and suburban prop- erty of every description, both improved and unimproved, and gives personal attention to the collection of rents. Mortgages are negotiated also, and loans procured at lowest rates of interest; investments likewise being admirably placed, and all persons having business relations with him, will find it both pleasant and profitable. Charles B. Truitt, Jr., is a true born Philadelphian, he has a thorough academical education and has been actively engaged in the real estate business since Feb- ruary, 1881, which he has not only successfully conducted, but has also engaged in building operations on his own account, and is now building sixty-four two-story houses, at Twenty-eighth and Clearfield streets. His offices are centrally located at No. 502 Walnut street, con- sisting of two rooms, well furnished and well provided with maps and charts of city and suburban properties. F. H. McCANN The immense growth of the city towards the west, both in point of population and number of residences during the past decade, has greatly boomed the real estate business, and the success- ful men in this line are those, who are fully familiar with all the many details of the work on hand. F. H. McCann having spent most of his career in this line and in West Philadelphia, is thoroughly conversant with the good points of real estate in this section both as regards purchase for dwelling or investment. Mr. McCann first entered conveyancing in i860. In 1864 he opened an office at No. 609 North Thirty-ninth street, business prospered, aud through careful and conservative investments, a large and lucra- tive following was acquired. Three years ago it became necessarv to find an office more centrally located, and after due consideration the building where he is now situated was chosen, 3S11 Lancaster avenue, this being almost in the centre of a fast growing district. The business conducted is the same as that being doue by all firms in the line — purchasing and selling houses, lands, negotiating mortgages, rents and other collecting, conveyancing, fire insurance, and in fact everything that pertains to this line. Mr. McCann is what well may be called a popular Philadel- phian; he was born in the old district of Southwark, in December, 1835. He is the son of Francis McCann, a builder and con- tractor of prominence. His early education was received at the best schools and academies, and his business career has been one of success since he first entered the world of push and hustle for num- ber one. Through all his transactions he has maintained a reputa- tion for integrity, honesty, sound common sense, and all the attri- butes that go to make a man prominent in financial circles. COPE & STEWARDSON This firm has been in existence since July, 1S85. Mr. John Stewardson is a native of Philadelphia, and was educated at Har- vard University. He began the study of architecture in the Atalier Pascall, in Paris, being admitted to the Ecole des Beaux Arts in the autumn of 1S80. At the end of 1SS2 he entered the office of Mr. T. P. Chandler, Jr., of this city. He was afterwards with Messrs. Furness & Evans for more than a year, and eight months with three well known Chicago architects. Mr. Cope is a native of Philadelphia and was educated in this city, commencing the study of architecture in 1880. He was a draughtsman with Mr. Huttou and afterwards with Mr. Chandler, and attended the school of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. He afterwards spent about two years abroad in travel and study, returning in 1S85, when he associated himself with Mr. Stewardson. Mr. Emlyn L. Stewardson, a brother of the first named part- ner, graduated at the University of Pennsylvania as a civil engi- neer. He was for some time with a well known concern in the manufacture of structural iron work. He has general charge of contracts and superintendence and is the consulting engineer of the firm. Mr. Cope and Mr. John Stewardson are members of the Sketch Club, the T-Square Club, the American Institute of Architects, and a number of other organizations. Among the buildings which have been designed by this firm may lie mentioned the Y. M. C. A. Building, Richmond, Va., Nos. 1305 and 1307 Arch street, No. 1305 Walnut street, warehouse cor- ner Fifth and Adelphia streets, Penn Charter School, First National Bank, Huntingdon, Pa., hall for U. S. Grant Post, No. 5, &c. 1 hey have also erected one or more buildings for the following institu- tions : Bryn Mawr College, Haverford College, Children's Hospital, Germantown Hospital, Gynecean Hospital and the House of Ref- uge. This last comprises a number of buildings at Glen Mills, Delaware count)', and when completed will be the largest reform school in the world. Before starting this work Mr. Cope made a personal study of the most important institutions of the kind in Europe and this country. In addition to the above, the firm has done a number of houses and other buildings in the neighborhood of Philadelphia, as well as in New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Massachusetts and Vir- ginia. BAKER & DALLETT Among the architects who have acquired a wide reputation for their great skill and artistic conception are Messrs. Baker & Dallett. Both gentlemen in 1S.S0 were draughtsmen in the office of the well known architects, Furness & Evans, whose offices were then located at 209 South Third street, in this city. After serving the firm for some time, their marked ability as draughtsmen won for them the highest esteem from their employers, who offered them an interest in the business, which they accepted, and the new firm of Furness, Evans & Co. was then established, aud for about three years there- after did a very prosperous business. In December, 1888, the firm of Baker & Dallett came into ex- istence, and their well known professional abilities brought them into great prominence amongst the leading capitalists aud business men of the city, as will be seen from the following buildings, the plans, specifications and general supervision of which were doue by the firm : Residence of F. L. Gilpin, Esq., Wilmington, Del.; the Home for Friendless and Destitute Children, Wilmington, Del.; the Cen- tral Natioual Bank, Wilmington, Del.; the Philadelphia Polyclinic PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA'S. REAL ESTATE, ARCHITECTS, Etc. College for Graduates in Medicine, the Manayunk Trust Company, Philadelphia; large factory of the Wilmington Dental Company, cold storage warehouse for A. A. Jarrett & Co., Philadelphia; par- sonage of Grace Episcopal Church, Wilmington ; large machine shop for Thomas H. Dallett & Co., Philadelphia; bank building, American Trust, Loan and Guarantee Investment Company, corner Broad and Ridge avenue, Philadelphia ; residence of C. P. With- erow, Altoona; residence and stables of George D. Powlk, Brad- ford Hills, Chester county ; St. Andrew's Church, Wilmington, Del.; large stables for R Morton Fox, C. T. Pox and Edwin N. Benson, Philadelphia; the Delaware State Hospital for the Insane, country resilience for Samuel N. Trump, Silver Side station. Mr. Baker graduated from Princeton University and Mr. Dal- lett at Polytechnic School, Worcester, Mass. Both gentlemen are highly respected amongst our best citizens and enjoy the full con- fidence of those with whom they have business transactions. WILL. H. DECKER Prominent among the leading architects of this city is Mr. Will. H. Decker, whose office is located at No. 1407 Jj Chestnut street. Mr. Decker was born at Covington, Ky., of German parentage and was educated at the public schools at Evansville, Ind. After finish- ing his education and while at school he developed an aptitude for drawing, designing and constructing and desired to study architec- ture. He became acquainted with Mr. Joseph Curzon, a well known architect of Indianapolis, who gave him a position in his office, with whom he stayed until 1S76, when Mr. Decker visited the city of Phil- adelphia and was so delighted with the surroundings that he resolved to make it his home. Full of ambition, push and energy, he accepted a position as draughtsman with Messrs. Hass & Parsons, millwrights and machinists of this city, making plans for machinery for brew- eries, malt-houses, etc., and after completing his services with that firm in 1S79 he opened an office, desiring to follow his profession as an architect, since which he has shown great skill andability in designing and constructing many prominent buildings in the city. Mr. Decker makes it a rule to give his personal attention to all the details in his profession, by which he attributes his success in build- ing up a lucrative and increasing business of which he feels justly proud. He has already in course of construction, office building, fourteen stories, for John Betz, to cost $1, 500, 000; residence and stable for Mr. Chas. E. Ellis, to cost $55,000 ; warehouse, four stories, for Chas. Shaw & Son, to cost $ 12, 000; West End Electric Light Building, to cost $30,000; conservatory at Betzwood, Pa., for John F. Betz, to cost $20,000 ; factory building, six stories, for Messrs. Schutt & Co., to cost $76,000 ; school building for the Hebrew Education Society, to cost $34,000 ; Factor}' Building, six stories, forjosiah R. Jones, to cost $60,000 ; alterations to residence, 1807 Arch street, for A. E. Ford, to cost $7,500 ; addition to res- taurant of Messrs. Boothby & Kugler, to cost $10,000 ; and stores and dwellings for John C. Schmidt, to cost $8,500. EDWIN F. DURANG Among those who have made a successful study of architecture is Mr. Edwiu F. Durang, whose offices and drawing rooms are lo- cated at No. 1200 Chestnut street. Mr. Durang has zealously devoted himself to the practice of his profession in Philadelphia for the last twenty-two years, and brings a wide range of experi- ence to bear, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the wants of the public. He has executed some of the most important archi- tectural commissions in the city and its vicinity, designing and superintending the construction of many prominent buildings. Mr. Durang has made a specialty of ecclesiastical architecture and has built some of the finest churches in the country, and de- voted himself to his profession with a conscientious regard for the excellence and perfection of every detail, however minute. He is full}- prepared with all necessary facilities to execute or carry out any architectural undertaking, not only promptly, but with that intelligent apprehension of design which makes his efforts so highly appreciated by his patrons. Mr. Durang is a native of New- York and is greatly respected by the community, and justly merits the success achieved by his ability and energy. Partial list of city buildings: German Hospital, Girard avenue and Corinthian street ; St. Agnes Hospital, Broad and Mifflin streets ; Maternity Hospital, Woodland avenue and Seventieth street; St. Joseph's Hospital, additions, Girard avenue; St. Mary's Hospital, additions. Palmer street ; Little Sisters of the Poor, Eighteenth and Jefferson streets ; Girls' Orphan Home, Race and Eighteenth streets ; the grand Church of St. James, Thirty-eighth and Chestnut streets ; St. Charles Borromeo, Twentieth and Christian streets. HAZLEHURST & HUCKEL The modern practical school of architecture, as directly adapted with numerous modifications to suit the wants of the American public, is well exemplified in the professional career of Messrs. Hazlehurst & Huckel, No. 410 Walnut street. Their business was first established at 917 Walnut street in the vear 1879. Both gentle- men are highly connected and belong to old Pennsylvania families. Mr. Hazlehurst received his education at the Pennsylvania Uni- versity, and was a student under the able and well-known architects Theophilus P. Chandler and Frank Furness. Mr. Samuel Huckel, Jr., was born in Philadelphia in 1858, and graduated at the Philadelphia. High School ; he entered the office of Professor Kearn , and in 1876 placed himself under the preceptorship of Benjamin D. Price, architect, who at that time was a well-known figure in the profession. After a three years' course of thorough study tinder the latter gentleman, he associated himself with Edward Hazlehurst, forming the present firm. The firm has acquired a high reputation for the beauty and reliability of its plans, and has successfully executed some of the most important undertakings in this city and vicinity. The following are among the numerous buildings erected from the designs and under the supervision of this firm, viz: The Church of the Atonement, Philadelphia ; Gloucester County Court House, Woodbury, N. J. [$100,000]; "Battery Park" Hotel, Asheville, North Carolina, for Western North Carolina Railroad [$100,000] ; Bristol Hotel, Bristol, Tennessee [$70,000] ; Montford Park Hotel [$150,000] ; Church of the Messiah, Broad and Montgomery ave., Philadelphia [$150,000]; Manufacturers' Club, 1409 Walnut street, Philadelphia [$150,000] ; "The Times" Annex Building, on Sansom street, Philadelphia [$100,000] ; the Fire Asso- ciation Building, 407 and 409 Walnut street, Philadelphia. Resi- dences of Samuel H. Gilbert, Bennett Station, Pa. [$50,000] ; Messrs. Van Kleck, McCorklc and Howlaud, Wilmington, Delaware. Residence of G. Ralston Ay res, Gcrmautown. The town residence of J. Warren Coulston, on Walnut street; J. A. McDowell's, on Walnut street; Prof. Houston's, on Spring Garden street; Mr. Gottschalk's, on Green street ; John Loughran's, on North Broad street; Cyrus Chambers', Overbrook ; J. F. Sinnott's residence at Rosemont, Pa., erected at a cost of $150,000. G. W. & W. D. HEWITT George W. Hewitt was born in Philadelphia, and entered the office of J. C. Hoxie as student, in 1857. He afterwards studied with Mr. John Artman until the latter's decease. In 1865 he became a member of the firm of I'razc-r, Furness & Hewitt. After the dis- solution of this partnership he formed one with Mr. Frank Furness under the title of Furness & Hewitt. This partnership was dis- solved by mutual consent in 1875. Mr. George W. Hewitt after- wards associated his brother, Mr. William D. Hewitt, with him under the firm name of G. W. & W. D. Hewitt. His firm is known from one end of the State to the other. William D. Hewitt was born in 1847, at Burlington, N. J. After a long course of study and practice, he, in 1872, made an extended trip abroad, during which time he devoted himself to the studies of foreign architecture. From their designs the following buildings have been erected by them : Hahnemann Medical College Hospital and Dispensary, South Broad street ; incurable Ward Hospital, University of Penn- sylvania; the well known Wissahickon Inn, Wissahickon ; the Devon Inn, Devon ; Girard Trust Company's Bank, original build- ing Nineteenth and Chestnut streets ; the Real Estate Trust Com- pany building, 1314 Chestnut street ; Lebanon Saving Fund Trust Company, Lebanon, Pa. ; the Bullitt Building, South Fourth street ; the Market Street Bank, 1 107 Market street; principal station of Cornwall and Lebanon Railroad; the Lying in Charity Hospital ; St. Paul's Church, Steubeuville, Ohio ; St. Martin 's-in-the-Fields, Wissahickon ; St. Peter's, Germautown ; Church of the Holy Com- forter, Nineteenth and Titan streets ; the tower of the Holy Trinity Church ; Miners' Bank, Pottsville ; Pennsylvania Trust Company and National Union Bank, Reading; new Building for the Episcopal Hospital; Milton Trust and Safe Deposit Company ; St. Paul's church and Presbvterian church, Columbia, Pa., Rittcnhousc Square. Alabama, Florida and California also claim to have speci- mens of Messrs. G. W. & W. D. Hewitt's construction and designing abilities. Among the well known private residences erected by them are the town and country residence of Henry C. Gibson ; N. N. Houston, at Chestnut Hill ; Travis Cochrance, Twenty-second and Walnut streets ; John C. Bullitt, Twenty-second and Chestnut streets; Robert A. Coleman, Cornwall, Penna. ; Dr. R. S.Sims, Sixteenth and Walnut streets ; Dr. Geo. T. Strawbridge, Fifteenth PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. REAL ESTATE, ARCHITECTS, ETC. and Walnut streets ; George Kletnm, Thirty-ninth and Chestnut streets; George Philler, Harvey Townsend, Edwin C. Coxe, Henry Welsh, Germautown, and Mr. Dupuy, Pittsburg. They have mag- nificent offices in the Bullitt Building, No. 131 South Fourth street. ADDISON HUTTON Was born in 1834 in Westmoreland Count}', Pennsylvania, and may therefore be justly considered as one of the senior represen- tatives of this city. At the age of twenty-two years he entered the office of Samuel Sloan, where he continued until 1S62. In 1S63 he took up the T-square solely on his own account, and started at Fourth and Chestnut streets, where his present offices now are. Among the many buildings which bear testimony to his skill and work are the Philadelphia Savings Fund Building, Seventh and Walnut streets, erected in 1S68. In 1S72 he designed and superin- tended the erection of the Ridgway Library, at Broad and Christian streets; the same taking over four years to build. Ill 1875. the Young Men's Christian Association Building, at Fifteenth ami Chestnut streets. In 1S76, from his design, Barclay Hall, Haverford College, on the P. R. R., was erected. In 1877, the Packer Library of the Lehigh University ; the Bucks County Court House in 1878, and in 1S81, Bryu Mawr College, followed by the William Forrest Buildings, South Fourth street, in 1S84. In 1886, under his watch- ful eye and care, the Westtown School, Chester county, was erected, and in 1S8S, the enormous structure of the Girard Life, Trust and Annuity Company, on the Northeast corner of Broad and Chestnut streets, was commenced, and finished in 18S9. In the same year he was the successful competitor for the new building for the Pennsylvania Trust, Safe Deposit and Insurance Company, 5 1 7 Chest- nut street. More recently he engaged in and finished the erection of the new dry goods store of Granville B. Haines, Ninth and Market streets. Among the private houses designed by him may lie mentioned those of Frederick Morris, at Upton, Pa. ; A. J. Dull, Harrisburg, I'a. ; Isaac Clothier, Wynnewood, Pa. ; James Elverson, Washington, D. C. ; Justus Strawbridge, Germantowu, Philadel- phia, and Mr. Charles Hartshorn, Merion, Pa. LINDLEY JOHNSON Lindley Johnson, architect, was born in Germantowu, in 1S54. He obtained his early education in the schools of this city, gradu- ating from the University of Pennsylvania with the degree of A.B. After his graduation he passed many months in Europe, and made a tour of the world, visiting China, India and Australia. Pursuing the study of his profession he attended the school of Beaux Arts for four years. He is regarded as one of the able architects of the city, noted for originality in his designs and for the faithful compliance with his undertakings and obligations. He received the appoint- ment of architect for Fairmount Park; that position he now holds. The music pavilion, one of the noted features of the park, was designed by him as well as many other artistic adornments of the gardens. He superintended the alterations of the Rittenhouse Club, designed the residence of Alfred C. Rav, Chestnut Hill ; H. M. SilLT. Harry Dougherty, Mrs. Reigel, Germautown; Mrs. Bonbright, Wynuwood, Edward D. Smith, St. Davids; W. F. Freis, Devon ; Samuel W. Feris and Dr. Wilson, Locust street, Philadelphia; John Borland, Genesee, N. Y. ; Brighton Hotel and Second National Bank, Atlantic City. Ivanhoe Hotel, and Grcsham Hotel, and many other residences and buildings attest his artistic skill. He is a member of Cappa Sigma Societv, Vice President Architect's Chapter, member of Rittenhouse Club, Art Club. W. BLEDDYCE POWELL A leading member of the architectural fraternity is Mr. W. Bled- dyce Powell, whose office is located at 423 Walnut street. Mr. Powell is a fellow of the American Institute of Architects, and enjoys membership in several other societies of a cognate character both in this country and England, besides being closely connected with antiquarian and historical associations in this city and in Europe. Mr. Powell derives his descent from families settled in Pennsylvania and adjoining States long anterior to the Revolution. Developing a strong liking for the mechanic art, Mr. Powell, though self taught, has mastered the details of his profession, rounding off his studies by an extended European tour. From 1872 to 1879 he was second assistant to the late John McArthur, Jr., on the new City Hall. From rS79to 18S1 he was stationed at Lebanon, Pa., in charge of the extensive improvements contemplated by Robert H. Coleman, at Cornwall, Lebanon county, which through the death of Mr. Cole- man's wife were discontinued. In 1881 he became architect for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, designing and supervising many important structures for that powerful corporation. Since 1S87 he has pursued his profession in his own interest at the above address with every prospect of a prosperous career. Amoug the many buildings designed by Mr. Powell and executed under his direction are the following: Union Station, Baltimore, Md., for the Northern Central Railway ; Passenger Station, Harrisburg, Pa., and Pier No. 1, New York City, for the Pennsylvania Railroad; piers 1, 2, and 3, Canton, Md., for the Northern Central Railway ; Union Station and Freight Warehouse, at Richmond, Ya. , for the Atlantic Coast Line; Railroad offices, Wilmington, N. C, for the Wilmington and Weldou Railroad ; passenger station, Raleigh, N. C. for the Seaboard Air Line; terminal facilities, Cape Charles, Va., for the New York, Philadelphia and Norfolk Railroad; storage warehouse for the Merchants' Warehousing Company, Eighteenth and Market streets, Philadelphia ; residence for Charles F. Vollmer, Sixteenth and Jefferson streets, Philadelphia; Charles E. Pugh, Overbrook, Pa. ; Mr. Derr, Chambersburg, Pa. ; George L. Cutter, Mont Clair, N. J. At present he is engaged upon the palatial residence for William L. Elkins, at Broad and Girard avenue, this city, also upon the terminal improvements at Jersey City for the Pennsylvania Railroad, and has lately been commissioned to design and supervise the new building for the Department of the Insane, Philadelphia Hospital. YARNELL & GOFORTH Are successors to the well known firm of Yarnell & Cooper, architects, established in 1S52. Their reputation as skilful archi- tects is not confined to this city or State, their field of operations extending far beyond State limits. The senior member of the firm was born in Delaware county, Pa. He entered the office of Yarnell & Cooper as office boy and became successively bookkeeper, superintendent, and chief designer. Upon the death of Mr. Cooper Mr. A. E. Yarnell succeeded to the business. Later, in 1S90, formed a partnership with Mr. William Davenport Yarnell. Mr. Goforth, son of the late John Goforth, of this city, was graduated from the Architecture Department of the University of Pennsvl- vania in 1886, and is well known among the profession as the au- thor of a work entitled, " Old Colonial Architectural Details in and Around Philadelphia." As a firm, Yarnell & Goforth have been verv successful in their career, among the most important buildings designed by them being, the Palace Hotel, Goshen, Ya., and Hotel Altemontc, Staunton, Va., which when completed will doubtless be the finest hotels in the State ; Hotel Brunswick, Waynesboro, Ya.; Cedartown Inn, Cedartown, Ga.; Hotel Calhoun and Blue Mountain Springs Hotel, Piedmont, Alabama. Thev have designed many buildings in New Jersey, Georgia, Delaware, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Alabama, and other parts of the United States, many of which are wonders of architectural skill and taste. Of the other buildings designed by this firm are the Car Works, Goshen, Va., the Diamond Electric Company's building at Seventeenth and Clearfield streets, this city, the first named covering ten acres of ground. R. C. BALLINGER & CO. Is a firm of builders and contractors, composed of exper- ienced and competent men. Richard C. Ballinger, the seniorpart- ner, learned the trade of bricklaying and masonry in his native place, Salem, N. J., came to Philadelphia in 1868, and after serving as foreman for two years embarked in business for himself and exe- cuted satisfactorily several large jobs, among them the machine works of Bemeut, Miles & Co., at Twenty-second and Callowhill streets ; the store of Marks Brothers, at Eighth and Arch streets, and the Westtown College building, near West Chester, belongingto the Society of Orthodox Friends. F. Douglass Hickman, the financial partner, is a practical plumber and gas-fitter, and for many years was connected with the Gloucester Ferry Company, having been a member of the board of directors for fifteen years and for several years its general superintendent. The first contract received by the firm of R. C. Ballinger & Co. after its organization in January, 1S89, was a large eighteen division school-house for the Frankford District, and so satisfactorily was the contract executed that the firm subsequently has done a large amount of work for the city of Philadelphia, including a large patrol and mounted police stable at Frankford ; the largest and first combination patrol, fire and police station ever erected by the city, at Twentieth and Federal streets ; PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. REAL ESTATE, ARCHITECTS, ETC. a patrol and mounted police stable at Thirty-ninth and Warren streets; a large fifteen division school building at Twenty-eighth and Columbia avenue, and a large police and patrol station at Fourth and York streets. The famous machine tool company of William Sellers 6c Co., Limited, early recognized the ability of the members of this firm and employed them to erect a large brick ex- tension to their works and later their office building and large brick boiler house. This firm also erected the residence for A. J. Drexel, Jr. , at Lansdowue, Delaware county; a large brick building and green-house for the United States Naval Asylum at Graj 's Ferry ; anew building for the Producers' Marble Company at Thir- tieth and Walnut streets, and made alterations and additions to the residence of M. S. Dixey and Rev. Dr. Palmer, at Thirty-seventh and Locust streets, and to 1714 Columbia avenue for Jacob Wimer, Esq. The firm have also executed some important contracts in Brooklyn, New York, and especially in Yirginia, where thev erected a large brick plant at Richland, a very large brick and cut stone hotel for the Goshen Laud and Improvement Company at Goshen, and a large car works for the Goshen Car and Railway Equipment Company. They are now- building a large and handsome theatre in Pittsburgh for Alvin Joslin (Charles S. Davis), and making numerous small alter- ations in different parts of the county. Mr. Ballinger is vice- president of the Bricklayers' Association, the second oldest trade association in Philadel- phia, and both members of the firm are officers in the Yeteran Corps of First Regi- ment N. G. P. ALLEN B. RORKE Allen B. Rorke, one of the most prominent and widely known building contractors of Philadelphia, was born in this city March 21, 1846. His rise from comparative obscurity by the sheer force of talent with- out the aid of adventitious circumstances is almost with- out a parallel. Little more than a decade has passed since he began business for his own account, yet his name is now known to every householder in Philadelphia, and to many in all the cities of the Union. It is true his father and ma- ternal grandfather were master builders and his talent for con- struction may be said to be hereditary, but within the same period thousands of sons of carpenters have learned their father's trade and have ' ' shoved the plane," but no one of them has achieved fame and fortune. There is something in the man more than ordinary, and without attempting to analyze his mental characteristics and while conced- ing that he possesses the ordinary qualities that contribute to mechanical success — sagacity, courage and energy — it is probable that one secret of his great success lies in the fact that like Barnum and Wanamaker and a few others, he has discovered the magic power there is concealed in the judicious use of printers' ink, and though modest and unassuming in his deportment he has not been guilty of the folly of lighting a candle and hiding it under a bushel. Courteous to all he is especially courteous to the members of the press. Mr. Rorke's immediate ancestors, his father and grandfather, were natives of Reading, in this State. His father, James Rorke, though a native of Reading, came to Philadelphia when a lad of eighteen and apprenticed himself to Robert Reeves, then a well known builder in the Spring Garden district. He became a skilled mechanic, but was not successful in accumulating property. The son, Allen B., began his apprenticeship at the early age of fourteen, and after spending seven years in acquiring a knowledge of his trade served twelve years as journeyman. During this period he was intrusted with the execution of some important work, and supervised the erection of the Pardee Scientific School, at Easton, the Stock Exchange in the rear of the Girard Bank, on Third street, and the Horticultural Hall in Fairmount Park. In 1879 he began business for his own account, and having secured a few contracts he executed them with promptness and fidelity to the interest of his patrons. It was noted that he did not shirk his work but was disposed to do more than the agreement called for rather than less. Those contemplating the erection of large and costly structures heard of him and sought his services. To enumerate all the important buildings that he has contributed to the New Philadelphia within the last ten years would require more space than we can afford, but we may mention Dolan's handsome residence, on Walnut street above Eighteenth ; Fitler's extensive cordage works, Bridesburg ; the carpet mills of McCallum & Co., at Wayne Junction; the Armory of the State Fencibles on Broad stree't ; John T. Bailey & Co.'s Cordage works; the stables of John Michener & Co.; Hensel, Coliday & Co.'s large building on Seventh street ; John T. Bailey's residence on Master street near Fifteenth ; Justice, Bate- man S: Co.'s warehouse on Gothic street; the building of the Brush Electric Light Com- pany, on Johnson street above Twentieth ; the office of the Traction Company at 423 Wal- nut street ; the spice ware- house of O. S. Janney & Co., on Letitia street ; Sichel & Meyer's store on Arch street below Eighth ; the granite an- nex of the Bank of Northern Liberties ; Frank Thompson 's mill at Lehigh avenue ; the Lennox Mills at Bridesburg ; Dornan Brothers & Co. 's Moni- tor Mills; Leedom's Mill, at Bristol ; the Fidelity Storage Warehouse on Market street ; Jacob Reed's Sons' new store at Second and Spruce streets ; Merchant & Co.'s new ware- house ; the attractive building of the Manufacturers' Club on Walnut street, west of Broad, and the massive edifice of the Western Saving Fund, at Tenth and Walnut streets ; and now he has the contract for the erection of the Betz Building, illustrated on page 220. The Board of City Trusts having charge of the Girard estate employed him to erect the row of large stores on the south side of Market street, between Eleventh and Twelfth streets, and several of the new build- ings on the Girard College grounds, one of them having a dining room that will seat a thousand boys. A late im- portant undertaking was the erection of Spreckle's sugar refinery, which is probably the largest structure for business purposes in the city, and which he finished within twelve months, a shorter period than any building approaching it in size was ever erected. Mr. Rorke has never held public office, but in 1888 when the Republicans of Philadelphia became dissatisfied with the manage- ment of the city committee he was chosen chairman, and for two years held the position to the satisfaction of the party, voluntarily retiring with respect and confidence of his associates. He has been spoken of as a suitable man to be Director of Public Works or City Treasurer, and as he is yet in the flower of manhood it is probable he will be called upon to fill some important public station, where unusual executive ability is a requisite. Rorke GEORGE WATSON Now president of the Builders' Exchange, was born in Buck- ingham, Bucks county, October 21, 1826. He was brought by his parents to the city when four years of age, and educated in the Friends' schools. He then served a five years' apprenticeship as a carpenter with his brother, James V. Watson, now president of the Consolidation Bank and the Clearing House. On attaining his ma- PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILA DELPHI ANS. REAL ESTATE, ARCHITECTS, Etc. jority he was taken into partnership, the firm name becoming James V. Watson & Brother, which continued until 1S57, when the senior member withdrew, leaving the business with the younger brother, in whose name it was continued until 18S6, when his son, George J. Watson, was admitted, establishing the firm of George Watson & Son. Some of the most notable buildings in Philadelphia have been erected by Mr. Watson and the firms with which he has been con- nected, and the list includes the Manufacturers', the Consolidation, Tradesmen's, and Market Street National Banks, the Bank of the Northern Liberties, the Philadelphia Warehousing Company, the University buildings in West Philadelphia, the Swarthmore College, the First Regiment Armory, the Adams Express Company's build- ing, the Drexel banking house, and the MaryJ. Drexel Home. It is not unusual for this firm to have contracts on hand amounting to a million of dollars. Mr. Watson was elected president of the Builders' Exchange April 3, 1S91, and is also president of the Mechanical Trade School connected with that institution. EDWARD BROWN Among the prominent and successful mechanical engineers and inventors of Philadelphia, none have attained greater or more de- served recognition than Edward Brown, who commenced busiuess at No. 311 Walnut street thirty-two years ago. Brought up to loco- motive building and steam engineering, Mr. Brown's first work of prominence was as consulting mechanical engineer. He was an expert at indicating the horse power of steam engines and boilers, and he gave testimony in many disputed civil law cases. Twenty years ago boilers were sold by the horse power, a somewhat vague system, and on one occasion the law court and a committee from the Franklin Institute, of which Mr. Brown was a member, failed to establish a horse power, either as the evaporation of one cubic foot of water or half a cubic foot, and it was determined that there- after to leave each case to be decided by the individual contract. It is, however, as an inventor of special appliances for blast furnaces and engines that Mr. Brown is most widely known, having taken out eleven patents on pyrometers and three on speed indicators and mercury gauges. For all of these except two there is a constant demand and sale. Few inventors can show such a record of practi- cal business judgment, nine-tenths of all inventions for which pat- ents were applied for remaining as dead letters in the Patent Office. Twenty years ago pyrometers were almost unknown, and are still unknown to the general public. At that time no instrument could be used for temperatures over 600 degrees ; now there is not an iron furnace in the United States where Mr. Brown's specialties are not in use, and instruments indicating up to 2,500 degrees above the melting point of cast iron are in the hands of ordinary workmen. Mr. Brown is an authority on pyrometers, being the only manufac- turer in the Uuited States to make them a specialty. His speed indicators are knowu in England as well as in America, and several medals testify to the appreciation by scientific bodies of these ap- pliances, but the appreciation of the iron trade, shown by a gen- eral demand for these instruments, and the successful business career of their patentee, are more prized and so well deserved by our townsman. BROWN BROTHERS & SIMS No one can read of such a trip that the President recently made over a large portion of the South and West without marveling at the entire freedom from accident. Such a trip as that is of daily occurrence, but it is not noted in the newspapers simply because it is a matter of course. Certainly very much of this freedom from accident is due to the care and watchfulness of the railroad managers and the excellence of modern roads and the general equipment, but a large share of it must be placed to the account of the great bridges over so many of which these splendid trains pass. Among the most important of American Bridge Contractors is that of Brown Brothers & Sims. The members of this firm are J. Benton Brown, George W. Brown and Charles A. Sims. The bridge over the Little Couemaugh river, five miles east of Johnstown, Penn- sylvania, which the firm erected in 18S9 is universally acknow- ledged as one of the most difficult pieces of successful masonry accom- plished in Pennsylvania. The work was done shortly after the flood. The greatest trouble was in the securing of a rock foundation because of the immense amount of boulders and debris deposited by the over- flowing waters. In evidence of the many obstacles to be overcome it is only necessary to state that four months were required to get the last pier up. The bridge is three sixty feet spans for three tracks, ribbed arches, piers and abuts parallel angle west abutment with centre line, fifty degrees. Angle east abutment with centre line, fifty-seven degrees fifty-four minutes. Alignment, five degrees thirty-five minutes curve. Total length 2S2 feet. Water to base of rail, forty-six feet. The work of the company has the highest endorsement of the Pennsylvania Railroad and of all corporations for whom they have had business. J. Bentley Brown, the senior member of the firm, is a civil engineer of twenty years' standing. Charles A. Sims, the junior member, had charge for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company for the construction of the bridge on the line at Johnstown. This was the only bridge along the road which withstood the onslaught of the flood. The members of the firm are still young men in the very prime of life and are thoroughly equipped for all kind of rail- road work, and orders for bridge and other scientific construction entrusted to this firm will receive prompt and intelligent attention. FRANK C. ROBERTS Mr. Frank C. Roberts is a representative gentleman engaged in the profession of engineering. He is thirty years old and grad- uated at Princeton College, and the first year after graduating had the honor of being appointed instructor in civil engineering at that institution. In the fall of 1S84 he entered the employ of the well known firm of Cooper, Hewitt & Co. at their Trenton Iron Works, and subsequently became the civil engineer for the company. In the fall of 18S6 he removed to Philadelphia to accept the position as civil engineer with the firm of Gordon, Strobel & Laureau. In March, 188S, he opened his own office as civil engineer, conducting a general engineering busiuess and making a specialty of design and construction of iron and steel works. Mr. Roberts is chief engineer and designer of the celebrated pair of blast furnaces built in 1S90 and owned by the Monongahela Furnace Company, at Mc- Keesport, Pa., and is also engineer for the Crane Iron Works and for the Dunbar Furnace Company, of this city. Mr. Roberts is largely interested in the development of Southwest Virginia aud East Tennessee, being professionally engaged on the following ex- tensive works: Blast furnace of the Radford Crane Iron Company, Radford, Va.; cast iron pipe foundry for the Radford Pipe aud Foundry Com- pany, at Radford, Va.; rolling mill for the Shenandoah Furnace Company, at Shenandoah, Va.; blast furnace for the Twin City Iron Company, Riverton, Va.; blast furnace for the Bristol Iron and Steel Company, Bristol, Tcun.; inclined railway up to Lookout Mountain, Chattanooga, Tenn. Mr. Roberts has proven himself to be an able expert and civil engineer of no mean pretensions. He has written several pam- phlets on scientific and engineering subjects, amongst which are : "Ancient Roman Bridges," "The Figure of the Earth," "Trans- mission of Power by Wire Rope," "Wire Rope Tramways," "Wire Rope Haulage in Its Application to Miuing," "Calculations of Available Heat, &c, Contained in Blast Furnace Gases." Mr. Roberts is a gentleman of refinement and culture, aud is proud of being a thorough representative Welshman, and is highly esteemed by the communitv for his ability and integrity, and a more reliable and thoroughly practical civil engineer cannot be fouud in the city of Philadelphia. His offices are located at the southeast corner of Fourth and Chestnut streets and are elegantly fitted up, where he has an efficient corps of assistants, and also a branch office at No. Si 1 Lewis Block, Pittsburgh. LEVERING & GARRIGUES The great improvement in all classes of buildings in recent years has opened up a new field for the architect and the building trade in general, and there is no more important branch than the furnishing and putting in position of the structural iron-work. Doubtless one of the most capable and experienced firms in this line of work is that of Messrs. Levering & Garrigues, who have made a specialty of all kinds of architectural aud structural iron-work, such as iron and steel beams, building fronts, stairs, railings, fire escapes, grilles, and other plain and ornamental iron- work for building purposes. Their experience in connection with the furnishing of the iron- work entering into the construction of the Pennsylvania Building, the Girard Life Insurance Building, and other large buildings of a similar character which have added so much to the appearance of the busiuess streets of Philadelphia during the past few years, has PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. REAL ESTATE, ARCHITECTS, ETC. achieved for them a specially representative and significant position in the facilities they enjoy, and the ability manifested in executing this class of work ; and evidence of this fact can be seen in the number and character of the contracts they have completed during the past year, among which may be mentioned the iron-work for the new building for the Bell Telephone Company, Market street above Fourth; the immense Market House for the Philadelphia Market Company, at Thirty-first and Market streets ; the ten-story Fireproof Apartment House, at Eleventh and Pine streets ; the new iron bridge for the city over Cresheim Creek, Germautown, and the new erecting shop, machine shop and extension of office for the Baldwin Locomotive Works, at Broad and Spring Garden streets. C. HENRY RONEY C. Henrv Roney, Consulting Engineer and Architect, No. no South Fourth street, Philadelphia, a descendant of some of the old Philadelphia and Baltimore families, although still a young man, has had an extensive profes- sional experience. He was educated at Mount Holly and Lawrenceville, New Jersey, and in 1867 at the Polytechnic College of the State of Penn- sylvania ; afterwards was an Assistant Engineer of Fair- mount Park ; and in the office of James H. Windrim, archi- tect, on detail drawings for the House of Correction , &c. ; at South wark Foundry, Philadel- phia, designs for pumping en- gines and machinery ; in the City Engineer's office, Pitts- burgh, Pa., drainage, grades and new avenues ; in 1S72 he became the Assistant Engineer of the Pennsylvania Company, in charge of the Eastern Divi- sion of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway Company, where he made the surveys for improving the alignment and grades of that road, and had charge of the changes, construction of new bridges, buildings, &c. ; in 1875 became the senior mem- ber of the firm of Roney & Du Pont, Engineers and Archi- tects, Philadelphia, Victor Du Pout, Jr. , of Wilmington, Dela- ware, being the junior member until he withdrew to move west several years later. Mr. Roney, also, as En- gineer and Architect of the Chesapeake Bay Steam Navi C. Henry Roney ALBERT BLANC Horticultural engraver and electrotyper, was born at Antwerp, Belgium, in 1S50. When eighteen years of age he came to America, locating in Philadelphia, and secured employment in one of the leading engraving establishments. In 1870 he began business for himself. His proficiency quickly brought him to the front, and success greeted his venture. In 1885 he began the study of horti- cultural engraving and electrotvping, and since then he has had practically a monopoly of this business. His engravings are used on all parts of the globe, from the Russian capital to the Cape of Good Hope, and from the American continent to Australia. He has practically revolutionized the seed and floral trade, enabling any seedsman to illustrate his catalogue at comparatively little ex- pense. Catalogues of new engravings are issued yearly, of which he furnishes duplicates at a very moderate charge. Some four years ago Mr. Blanc began the cultivation of cactus plants for pleasure, and appreciating their beauty, as well as their ease of cultivation in apartments and gardens, he concluded to make them popular, and went into the business on an exten- sive scale. He engaged col- lectors in all parts of the world, and under the firm name of A. Blanc & Co. this is now the largest establishment known for the cultivation and propa- gation of these interesting plants. They supply most of the wholesale houses here as well as in Europe. Their yearly exhibitions in Horticultural Hall usually attract the greatest attention, plants being shown there that cannot be dupli- cated anywhere. A. Blanc & Co.'s catalogue and "Hints on Cacti" are most beautiful works, well cal- culated to give the craze to every lover of the curious and interesting. Their extensive greenhouses at Forty-eighth a n d Walnut streets have proved to be very attractive to connoisseurs. From there they supply not only the humble artisan who wants a few plants for his window, but also the Royal Gardens at Kew, Eng- land, where can be seen some giant cacti in all their glory, and which excite the wonder and admiration of all who visit these well known gar- dens. A. Blanc & Co. have also agencies near Tucson, Arizona, and Monterey, Mex. gation and Hotel Company, laid out their grounds and designed their hotel and buildings' at Bay Ridge, Maryland, the popular Baltimore and Washington summer resort ; he designed some of the buildings for Baugh & Sons' extensive fertilizer works at Philadelphia, and private residences and buildings for other clients in various parts of the country, and has been in charge of a number of other important engineering and architectural enter- prises ; was Chief Engineer of the Easton and Bangor Railroad Company ; of the Philadelphia Midland Railroad Company, &c. As Chief Engineer of the Philadelphia Sectional Electric Under- ground he laid their conduit for underground electric wires under Chestnut street, Philadelphia, and has been a strong advocate of the necessity of placing electric wires underground. Mr. Roney is a member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, Engineers' Club of Philadelphia, &c, and has found time during a busy life to deliver several series of lectures on engineering, mining and sanitary subjects before the Franklin Institute of Pennsylvania, the Wagner Free Institute and the Spring Garden Institute, as well as to contribute papers to some of our journals and scientific societies, and in 1875 and 1S76 was Assistant Chief of one of the Bureaus of the Centennial Exhibition at Phila- delphia. He is now busily engaged on some designs for new buildings aud engineering works and in his consulting practice. CHARLES H. WEISGERBER Charles H. Weisgerber was born in New York City, June 15th, 1S56, and when a young man removed to Philadelphia where he soon evinced the talent which justly places him among the fore- most of Philadelphia's Pastel Artists.' He was educated in the public schools, received private as well as academic training in the Fine Arts, aud has been substantially rewarded by rapid recognition for the excellence of his productions. His work combines the rare quality of originality. Mr. Weisgerber though versatile in the various departments of Art, has made a specialty in the advance- ment of Pastel Portraits. For this purpose he has traveled exten- Mvch abroad and studied under the best masters in Europe. His portraits decorate many of the handsomest mansions in the United States. One of his master pieces " The Modern Gladiator," owned by Richard K. Fox, of New York, has been critically judged a rare example of what can be produced in Pastel. It is the largest Pastel painting ever undertaken in this country. Personally Mr. Weisgerber is unassuming, serious and tenacious of purpose. He inherits from his parents the most refined impulses, which good qualities place him among those who offer much for the promotion of Art in this country. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. DECORATIVE ARTIST— BUILDING MATERIALS. GEORGE HERZOG George Herzog, Decorative Artist, established in Philadelphia since 1871, in which year he entered into a partnership with the late Constantine Kaiser, whose works at that time were well known and appreciated among art loving people. On the death of his partner Mr. Herzog opened a studio at 1334 Chestnut street. His exhibits at the Centennial Exposition gained two medals, one from the judges of group seven, and the other from group twenty-seven, plastic and graphic art. Mr. Herzog enjoys the reputation of carrying out his work with care, and of fulfilling in ever)' particular the ideas suggested in his sketches or elaborated in the accepted designs, the more difficult and important details, such as flowers and figures, being executed with his own brush. When entering a competition this fact stands greatly in his favor and gene- rally carries away the prize. Well informed upon the tradi- tions of his branch of art, he possesses not only the skill to illustrate his ideas rapidly by pencil, but also to elaborate them with more carefully exe- cuted drawings, which enable him to present fac-similes of the work proposed. His figure sketches oftentimes rival in delicacy of handling the work of miniature painting. Among the many build- ings, public and private, which he has decorated and beauti- fied since he commenced busi- ness on his own account, are the following : Residences of Charles J. Harrah, Thomas Dolan, ex-Mayor Edwin H. Fitler, Dr. E. H. Williams, John H. Converse, James S. Elverson, and W. G. Warden, of Philadelphia ; Jacob H. Shift", of New York, and Chas. Pratt, of Brooklyn ; also the S t . James Church, Walnut Street Presbyterian Church, Academy of Music, and the Union League Club House. The Liederkranz Societv, of New York City, selected the designs of Mr. George Herzog, which were offered in competition with several of the most cele- brated artists of his line, and some of his best work is to be seen on the stairs and in the concert halls in the building of that organi- zation. In these rooms he has demonstrated his knowledge of historical and allegorical subjects, and shown his skill in the repre- sentation, the purely decorative features so harmonizing with the pictorial as to justify the position accorded them as being among the finest decorated apartments in New York City. As a direct result of his achievements in the decorations of the Liederkranz Hall, the Harmonic Club of the same city obtained his services in the decoration of their entire building. In all of his work he is most particular to have his motifs in exact accord with the period and character of the building, as is exemplified in the now famous Egyptian, Ionic and Norman Halls in the Masonic Temple of Phila- delphia, and the Supreme Court rooms and Mayor's offices in our new City Hall, all representing in remarkable degree his know- ledge of ancient, classic and medieval styles. A rare opportunity for the exercise of his skill was offered by Peter A. B. Widener, William L. Elkinsiand the late William H.'Kemble in the interior decoration of their stately residences, buildings which by com- petent authorities are adjudged to be the best exemplars of domestic architecture in Philadelphia. George Herzog WARREN-EHRET COMPANY The Warren-Ehret Company is the natural outgrowth of the consolidation of several old and well-known firms. The business of roofing and paving having been originated in this city as early as the year 1S52, by the Messrs. Herbert M. Warren and E. Burgess Warren. This business was continued through various changes until the year 1S83, when the present incorporated company was formed by a consolidation of the interests of M. Ehret, Jr., The Warren Roofing Company and Warren, Foster & Co. All of these firms had been for many years successfullv engaged in this line of business, and the consolidation was made with a view of reducing expenses. Since the incorporation of this company, the business has been rapidly extended ; the com- pany does not now confine itself to the business of com- position roofing, as was form- erly the case. For the past few years they have been engaged in applying all kinds of roof- ing and the construction of artificial stone and asphalt pavements. They are to-day the largest contractors for roof- ing and paving in the country. They have also within the past few years entered into the manufacture of roofing mate- rials, building papers, carpet linings, etc. They have now a well-equipped mill located 011 the historic Cresheim Creek, Wissahickon Heights, where they are producing some of the finest building paper and carpet linings offered in the market. In their paving business, they require large quantities of crushed stone and furnace slag ; to produce this cheaply and in such quantities as they require it, they were obliged to erect a crusher plant at Spring Mill, Montgomery couutv, Pa., where they are now producing crushed slag which is used for paving, road making, roofing, etc. Having about exhausted the supply at this point they have recently entered into a lease of one of the largest and finest banks of furnace slag in the Schuylkill Valley, located near Reading, to which point the}* are to remove their entire plant. This will be completed by the first of March, 1892. Thev will then be in a position to furnish this material not only for their own use, but to supplv the market with all sizes and for all purposes for which this material can be used. The Ehret slag roof which they apply is knowu all over the country as the only roof adapted to buildings used for manufactur- ing purposes. This is due to the fact that it is not affected by gases, acids, steam and other vapors, nor by contraction or expansion. The slag-stone pavements constructed by this company are rapidlv displacing the old-fashioned brick pavements of Philadel- phia, and during the past four or five years the company has put down thousands of square yards of this exceedingly durable and handsome pavement. The companv has gradually added to its force and working plants, so that they are at the present time in a posi- tion to accept and promply execute the largest orders, and as they are enterprising, they will no doubt keep abreast of the times in regard to all improvements. The business officers of the company are, John B. Lober, Presi- de-in ; M. Ehret, Jr., Vice President, and H. S. Ehret, Secretary and Treasurer. Their office is 432 Market street. Their works are located at Cumberland anil Thirteenth streets, Philadelphia; Lees- porL. Pa., and Wissahickon Heights, Philadelphia. 228 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHIL A DELPHI A NS. ENGRAVERS AND PHOTOGRAPHERS. JOHN SARTAIN (Chevalier) John Sartain is regarded as the founder in America of that style of engraving on steel known as Mezzotinto, because what had been previously done in that line by C. W. Peale and other ama- teurs was only in an experimental sort of way. Sartain began his professional career in Philadelphia in 1830, and for ten years there- after stood alone in that branch of engraving in the whole country. In 1843 he became sole proprietor and editor of Campbell's Foreign Semi-Monthly Magazine, in which he was the first in America to print the " Song of the Shirt, " " The Bridge of Sighs," " The Pauper's Funeral," "The Drop of Gin, " and other pieces of a kindred nature that afterwards became so widely popular. Agassiz's " A Period iu the History of our Planet " he printed as early as October, 1843, when the name of that eminent scientist had hardly been heard on this side the Atlantic. In the same year he had an interest iu the Eclectic Museum along with E. Littell and the Rev. John H. Agnew. In 1S4S he pur- chased a one-half interest in another New York monthly periodical, the Union Maga- zine, and it became known as Sartain' s Magazine, of which he was also sole editor during the latter part of its career. Besides the literary labor in- separable from these enter- prises his pen was frequently in demand for various subjects, but more particularly those re- lating to art. While in the midst of a great accumulation of engagements Mr. Sartain projected The American Gal- lery of Art and produced the first quarto volume of what was intended to be a series of annual volumes, but the pe- cuniary loss on this prevented its further continuance. From numerous notices we quote but one. " The work before us — the first volume, it ought to , ., , . , JOHN be called — is 111 quarto, very elegantly bound, no pages of letter press and eleven engrav- ings, all executed with the editor's unsurpassed skill. Mr. Sartain, to the genius and industry of eminent art, adds its richest enthu- siasm and most generous spirit ; and the heart of the man liberal- izes the work of the artist. In his personal character the public has the best assurance of the worthiest work which his high and broad range of talent qualifies him to achieve. " His industry is untiring and his capacity for continued labor equal to all drafts upon it. When the annuals were in fashion there was hardly a volume of the kind published on this side of the Atlantic tbat had not all its plates from his prolific burin. Graham's Magazine, during its first and best years, had a plate from him every month, so too the New York Eclectic, and his own Semi-monthly one every two weeks ; all this in addition to his other engraving and literary work. These plates just referred to were for books, but his large framing prints were also numerous, and in several instances the work itself was as much us three feet iu length. To attempt a mere catalogue would occupy too much space. Prominent among them are: "Christ Rejected," after West; " The Iron Worker and King Solomon," after Schusscle ; "The Battle of Gettysburg," after Rothermel ; "The County Election in Missouri," after Bingham; "The Civil War in Mis- souri," after the same ; "The Homestead of Henry Clay," after Hamilton ; "John Knox and Mary Queen of Scots, " after Leutze ; "American Inventors or Men of Progress," after Schussele ; " Zeisberger Preaching to the Indians at Gosgoshunk, " after Schussele, and many others ; all by his own unassisted hand. Much of his time has been given to the numerous associations in which he held membership. As controller of the Artist's Fund Society from 1835 on, he was uniformly an active member of its exhibition and other committees, and filled successively all the offices in its gift from President down, for twenty-three years as Director of the Pennsylvania Academy of the F'ine Arts lie was its most active laborer ; first un- der the Presidency of Henry I). Gilpin, then of Caleb Cope, and lastly under that of James L. Claghorn. During his travels in Europe, undertaken for his own pleasure and study, he visited the honorary members of the institution and delivered to them their diplomas, in Spain, Italy, Germany, France, Belgium, Holland, England and Scotland. Served for manv years as Vice-President of the School of Design for Women, declining the Presidency of it which was tendered him. At the request of the Directors of the Academy of the Fine Arts he prepared the plans of the galleries and rooms of both floors as erected in their new building on North Broad street, after they had rejected all the plans of the four architects who competed. He designed and superintended the con- struction of the lofty granite monument to Washington and Lafayette in Monument Ceme- tery, modelled the two colossal profiles from which the bronzes were cast, and wrote the two inscriptions cast on the great bronze plates of the pedestal. He has been the recipient of many honors and decorations from time to time, spontaneous testimonials of his deserving. After the great Centennial Exbibition of Philadelphia, in which he received the appointment of Chief of the Art Bureau, the King of Italy- created him an officer of the Equestrian Order of the Crown of Italy, with the decoration and title of " Cavalier e. " More than thirty vears ago the artists of Amsterdam made him an honorary member of their " Arti et AmiciUe " Association. Mr. Sartain is prominent in the Order of Freemasons, and has been initiated into forty-seven degrees of its mysteries, is a Past Master of his Lodge, Past High Priest of his Chapter, is a member of the Supreme Council of the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States, is Grand Treasurer for twenty-nine degrees of the Ancient Accepted Rite, is Trustee in other bodies and is a Rosicrucian. His last work of importance was the filling the post of Chief of the Art Department of the American Exhibition in London. 229 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. ENGRAVERS AND PHOTOGRAPHERS. SAMUEL SARTAIN The eldest son of Mr. John Sartain, just noticed, is the leading portrait engraver in Philadelphia, both in mezzotinto and line en- graving on steel. It is probable that he has engraved more por- traits on steel than all the other engravers combined. During the last quarter of a century there has been an immense number of bio- graphical encyclopedias issued for cities, counties and States, illus- trated with steel plate portraits, and most of them contain speci- mens of his handiwork. He has been the favorite artist of the biographical publishers, and has the rare faculty of catching and bringing out the lineaments that determine the likeness to the original, even where the copy furnished is imperfect. But Mr. Sar- tain has also executed a number of large steel engravings that have been very popular and now adorn the walls of many mansions. In 1854 he was commissioned by the Art Union of Philadelphia to engrave for their annual distribution a large plate, 1SX23, a winter coasting scene after a painting by C. Schuessele, entitled, "Clear the Track." This engraving secured for him a silver medal at an exhibition of the Franklin In- stitute, and at the World's Fair in New York "an honorable mention with special approv- al." Prominent among his large engravings are: "One of the Chosen," after Guv; " Christ Stilling the Tempest," after Hamilton ; "The Song of the Angels," after Thomas Moran; "Christ Blessing Little Children," after Eastlake ; "Evangeline," and more re- cently " The Pompeian Water Carrier." Of all these many thousands of impressions have been printed and sold. Samuel Sartain was born in Philadelphia, October 8, 1S30, and studied under the direction of his father and at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. He early evinced a talent for the art in which he has won distinction, and be- fore he was seventeen years of age he engraved a three-quarter length portrait of Benjamin West, leu by thirteen inches, after a painting by Harlow. Socially he is very popular, and in artistic and scientific circles he is highly appreci- ated. For more than thirty vears by successive re-election he has been treasurer of the Artists' Fund Society and for nearly a quarter of a century has been a member of the board of managers of the Franklin Institute, of which for the past ten years he has been also the treasurer. Recently he purchased an elegant residence on Nineteenth street, opposite Logan Square, in which he has fitted up a room for engraving purposes and a suite of rooms with abundant light for his son, Dr. Paul J. Sartain, who has ac- quired great skill and proficiency, by long study in the schools and hospitals of Europe, in treatment of diseases of the eye, ear, and nose. ERNEST A. WRIGHT Ernest A. Wright is now the leading engraver and printer in Philadelphia, of society, college and commercial work. Born in England, in 1851, his youth was spent in Toronto, Canada, and at the age of fifteen he went to New York and apprenticed himself to learn steel and copper plate engraving. Three weeks after his apprenticeship had expired he came to Philadelphia where he had not a single acquaintance, and after a few months spent in a build- ing now occupied by the Postoffice site, selected a small room in the building he now occupies, at the southeast corner of Eleventh and Chestnut streets, and began business with one apprentice, who after serving about a year resigned his position in disgust at the lack of patronage; alleging he did not believe the place would support Ernest a. Wright more than one skilled engraver. For three years Mr. Wright had great difficulty in securing sufficient work to keep himself and one or two apprentices employed, but during the Centennial year his prospects began to brighten. Early in that year he made a small steel plate engraving of Memorial Hall, which accidentally came to the notice of Mr. John Sartain, then general manager of the art department of the Centennial Exposition, and he was so pleased with it that he sought out the engraver and solicited per- mission to use it on his personal cards. Since the Centennial the business has constantly increased, press after press has been pur- chased until now the whole of the five-story building above the ground floor, at the location mentioned, is filled with improved machinery, and a force of 150 hands (often more) is furnished con- stant employment throughout the year. No similar hive of indus- try outside of the Bank Note companies can be seen in this country. Society, with its peculiar customs and "fads" has furnished a large share of work to this establishment. The use of handsomely engraved visiting cards has become so general that, during the holiday season especially, Mr. Wright with his force of engravers has often been obliged to work night after night and to call into requisition the resources of other plate printers, so as to avoid disappointing delays. The thousands of persons who use engraved visiting cards also require engraved recep- tion and marriage invitations, dance programmes, dinner menus, and for producing all of these he has special facilities and many beautiful and orig- inal designs. In recent years it has become the fashion for colleges and seminaries of learning to send out elaborately engraved invitations, and Mr. Wright, by his original classi- cal designs and novel methods of display has so pleased the savants that during the pres- ent year he has executed or- ders from more than one-half of all the colleges and high schools in the United States. As many of these institutions and societies required en- graved diplomas, certificates of membership and charters, it became necessary to secure extra heavy and large presses, and recently Mr. Wright pur- chased what is believed to be the largest steel plate printing press in the country capable of turning out steel plate illustra- tions such as adorn the walls of old mansions, and the largest etchings of the modern school. Commerce has followed in the footsteps of society in its demand upon the engraver. Merchants of the higher class and large manu- facturers now use engraved business cards, letter, note and bill heads ; and jewelers, merchant tailors and art furniture dealers have found advantage in using beautifully engraved trade announce- ments. Mr. Wright has now travelling salesmen and resident agents in nearly every city of the LTnited States, Canada, Mexico and South America, and his daily mail averages over two hundred letters during the busy season. Recently* he has embarked largely in the manufacture of the finer grades of envelopes and now sup- plies business houses with stationery of the best quality. His ambition has also led him to expend many thousands of dollars in the machinery required in bank note engraving, transferring and printing, and he has now a plant sufficient to execute Government contracts, and also railroad, bank and other corporation work. The latest addition to his business is the introduction of "Wright's Steel Plate Calendars," in which he has shown his skill and good judgment by introducing only his highest grade of Art Engravings made up from reproductions of celebrated paintings. He is a tireless worker, and in the course of years he has gathered around him a force of skillful designers, who aid him in giving originality and highest artistic effect to the subjects engraved under his supervision. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PIIILADELPHIANS. ENGRAVERS AND PHOTOGRAPHERS. FREDERICK GUTEKUNST Is the oldest established photographer in Philadelphia, and for many years has been a leader in the practice of the art. Having a natural inclination for the study of chemistry and physics, he had originally intended to become a druggist, and with that view, attended lectures at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, of which he is one of the early graduates. But when Dagucrre had announced his discovery in the art of portraiture, Mr. Gutekunst became inter- ested in the idea, and after many successful experiments with the camera as an amateur, he determined to embark in the business. He opened his first gallery in 1856, at 706 Arch street, a few doors below his present location, and as the " ambrotype" was at that In 1S7S, having heard of the invention of a process that promised brilliant results in portraiture and book illustration, known as the "phototype," Mr. Gutekunst went to German not only purchased the right to use it, but brought back with him the inventor and his sou who are now in his employ. This pi combining as it does accuracy of likeness with cheapness and a peculiar softness and delicacy of expression, became so po] that, though originally intended as an adjunct to the photographic department, it became necessary to establish for it a separate depart- ment which is now located at 813 Girard ave., where they have ample facilities for the speedy execution of orders, and where a large force of experienced operatives, under the management of Mr. James P. Harbeson, a skilful engraver, is constantly employed. time coming into notice as an improvement on the Daguerreotype he devoted all his attention to the production of this, ami with marked success. He was also among the first to introduce the pho- tograph, and as nothing was allowed to go out without his personal attention, his reputation for executing the best work was early established, and his galleries were always crowded. The rooms at 706 Arch street soon became too small for the increasing trade, and he secured the two buildings, 712 and 714 Arch street, now occupied by him, and which are replete with every appliance for executing every stvle of photographic work. He has always aimed to do the best, not the cheapest work, and has geuerally received the highest premiums both in this and in foreign countries. His Centennial picture was a wonder at the time, being a photograph on a single sheet of paper over ten feet long. This was printed from seven negatives, and so skilfully that it was impossible to detect where the negatives joined. For this he received medals from England, Austria, K ranee and Italy, and a handsome pair of vases from Japan. Beautiful specimens of the capabilities of the " phototype" for book illustration may be seen in the " Biographical Album of Prominent Pennsylvanians," and especially in the "Artistic Houses" and "Artistic Country Seats," published by D. Appleton ec Co. of New- York, and sold "for £300 a copy. Recently Mr. Gutekunst has introduced other forms of photo-mechanical printing, notably what is known as the " halftone," which is now a very popular form of illustration, and is produced by him with the excellence that dis- tinguishes all his work. His "latest advance achievement is the introduction of the revolving camera, which takes a picture at an angle of 1S0 , 36 inches long, of which a specimen representing the Delaware River and the islands opposite Philadelphia that are being removed by the U. S. Government, is now on exhi This photograph has been specially commended by V. S. Govern- ment officials, for whom a number have been printed. It will thus be seen that this veteran in photography, though still in the prime of life, maintains the leading position he has occupied from the first. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. BREWING AND DISTILLING. JOHN F. BETZ & SON, Limited The business known as John F. Bctz & Son, the brewery of which is at Crown, Willow and Fifth streets, Philadelphia, was started in 1853 on Forty-fourth street, New York, was called the Eagle Brewery, and was conducted under the firm name of Clausen & Betz. Mr. Betz in 1S67 came to Philadelphia and located at Gaul's Brewery, New Market and Callow-hill streets, and removed to the present site in 1880. The great brewery of this firm is bounded by Callowhill, Crown, Willow and Fifth streets. The build- ings are of iron, stone and brick, they are arched throughout, and as there are no wooden floorings they are fire-proof. The Philadel- phia and Reading Railroad has a track through the premises, giv- ing every facility for the receiving and shipment of goods. In 1869 Mr. Betz had obtained possession of the entire business. Up to 1880, and the removal to the present site, only porter and ale were manufactured, but then the important departure of brewing of beer was made. As showing the increase in the business in 1867, 27,000 barrels of malt liquor were turned out; in 1SS0, 75,000 bar- rels; in 1SS6, 175,000 barrels, and there has been a stead\- growth site of the old Tabernacle Church. It is to be thirteen stories high, but with a cellar and basement and a roof floor it will become prac- tically sixteen stories. Its estimated cost will be $1 ,500,000. Mr. Betz owns one of the largest malt houses in the city on St. John street, and has controlling interests in the Germania Brewing Company and in the Fairmount Steamboat Company. He owns the Riverside Mansion, the Lvceum Theatre, and the new Grand Opera House, at Broad and Montgomery avenue. In the Grand Opera House he takes particular pride, and with all reason, for it is one of the most beautiful and largest theatres in the country. It seats comfortably 3,000. Mr. Betz, although most largely interested in Philadelphia affairs, by no means confines his investments to this city. The handsomest mausoleum in Philadelphia was built by Mr. Betz in West Laurel Hill Cemetery. There is scarcely a ward in the city in which he does not own property, and he is the proprietor of many of the brewery sites in New York City. At Betzwood, on the Penn- sylvania Railroad, he has a farm of over 500 acres, where he has some of the finest herds of Jersey cattle in the country. He has been called upon to fill many positions of trust, as a Director of the ET2 & Son-s Brewery annually ever since. Various new buildings and departments have been added to the establishment from time to time at a cost of over |750,ooo. The brewing of ale, porter and brown stout remains a leading feature of the business, and their bottled and draft ales and porters are shipped to all parts of the United States, to the West Indies, Mexico and South America. Of luger beer the firm has various makes, as Bohemian, Pale Export, Salvator and Munich. Improvements and alterations now going on at the brewery will give still greater capacity. Mr. John F. Betz, Sr., is one of the most prominent and enterprising citizens of Philadelphia. He was born in Stuttgart, Wurtemburg, Germany, but was brought to this country when but a year old. When twelve years of age he was taken into the employ of his brother-in-law, D. G. Yeundling, a brewer in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. He remained there until of age, when he returned to Germany for the purpose of getting greater knowledge of the brewery business than he could obtain here. Coming back fully equipped he began as above stated in New York. A man of immense wealth and unblemished integrity, owning millions of dollars worth of property not only in Philadel- phia but elsewhere, his credit is practically unlimited. He is just erecting what will stand among the greatest buildings in the city at the southeast corner of Broad and South Penn Square, ou the First National Bank, and of the Real Estate Trust Company. He has several times re-visited Europe, in 1852, 1867, 1S68, 1S78, 18S6, and in 1890. John F. Betz, Jr., familiarly known as " Fred," who began to assist his father when scarcely twenty years of age, was admitted to full partnership when the present brewery was built. He w-as born in Pottsville, Pa. He early manifested a marked apti- tude for business, and as he grew to manhood he assumed the entire charge of the great establishment during the frequent visits of his father abroad. He is thoroughly educated and has gained practical experience by his visits to all the principal cities of the world. While in Europe he became convinced of the moral influence beer had exerted in Germany. He believes that this country is now ahead in facilities for the manufacture of beer, and also in the average quality of beer. While abroad young Mr. Betz made very valuable purchases, among them two Arabian stallions, which are believed to be the finest ever brought to this country, and are used for breeding purposes. He is exceedingly popular among his many thousands of friends. One of his chief sources of pleasure is to entertain, especially on board his steam yacht Sy- billa, constantly taking parties on trips to the resorts not only- near the city but even oil quite long voyages. The yacht is affec- tionately named in honor of his mother, whose memory he holds PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHIL A DELPHI A NS. BREWING AND DISTILLING. in deep respect, and to whom the mausoleum in West Laurel Hill was erected. The brewery firm ot John F. Betz & Son, Limited, ranks among the largest representative houses in the United States ; of the output, beer constitutes 65 per cent., ale 20 per cent., and porter 15 per cent. For its Fast India Pale Ale and Double Stout the firm received a gold medal at the New Orleans Exhibition in 1S84-S5. The principal brands are X, XX and XXX, and East India Pale and Burton Ales, Porter and Double Brown Stout. As in all other departments there is a stead3 - increase in the bottling business. This branch has become so popular that it has a special department on Callowhill street above Crown, aud occupies the entire first floor of what was once known as Concordia Hall. The demand for this brewing is so great that over one hundred hands are con- stantly employed. Among the latest added departments recently constructed are new brew-house and engine room, ice machines of 100 tons capa- city, refrigerator plant, extension of stables, new offices at the corner of Crown and Callowhill streets, and a tunnel under Crown street. It is conceded that the Betz ale and porter fairly rival the most celebrated English ales and Dublin porters. The same su- periority is noted in the lager beer, aud it is evident that the climate, water and other con- ditions, such as the latest im- proved machinery and the most skilled workmen, are ex- ceptionally favorable to the brewing of high grade malt beverages. John F. Betz & Sou was succeeded by John F. Betz & Son, Limited, in January, 18S9, the officers of the company being John F. Betz, Chairman ; John F. Betz, Jr., Treasurer; William Hay, Secretary. GERMANIA BREWERY The Germauia Brewery is another lasting monument of the energy aud enterprise of Mr. John F. Betz, Sr. The Germania Brewing Company was incorporated in Decem- ber, 18S6, and the first brewing was in March, 1S87. A new and handsome brewery was erected for the company on Broad street, above Columbia avenue, and it is considered the most compact, the handsomest and most complete brewery of its size in the country. It John F. Betz, Sr. has a capacity of 100,000 barrels a year. The beer is of very high quality, and the two kinds turned out — the Vienna, light beer, and the Munich, dark beer — are considered very high by judges. Drs. Henry Leffman and L. Wolf, of Jefferson Medical College, made an analysis in I SSS and reported as follows : "The Vienna beer is the best of all beers now offered for sale, aud approaches more closely to the stand- ard of an ideal beer than any other in the market." The brewery buildings, comprising the brewery, refrigerated storehouse, bottling house, stables, boiler house and offices, cover the greater part of a city block, bounded by Broad and Carlisle streets and Columbia and Montgomery avenues. The architecture is of the Romanesque composite order, and the materials are brick, stone and iron, with red pressed brick front, terra cotta trimmings and browustone base. The brewery building is surmounted by a dome of glass and iron, 35 feet in diameter and 80 feet above the street, and is absolutely fire-proof. The rotary process is adopted from top to bottom, avoiding unnecessary pumping, everything being done automatically, and with as little handling as possible. At the rear of the brewery proper is the stock house, 70 feet by 150 feet. It is six stories high and has a capacity of 100,000 barrels. Adjoining is the boiler and engine house and the coal sheds, holding 100 tons. The office building is in front of the brewery, on Broad street. It is 70 feet by 30 feet, and is divided into president's and secretary's rooms and offices and general bus- iness department on the first floor, and private rooms aud directors' meeting room on the second floor. In the basement are located wash and toilet rooms and wardrobes. On Montgomery avenue and Carlisle street, in the rear, are the stables and bottling depart- ment, with an ornamental frontage on Montgomery avenue of 34 feet, and a depth on Carlisle street of 146 feet. The basement is devoted to general storage purposes, the first floor for bottling, the second floor for stables, with stalls for sixty horses. On the third floor is the hay loft, and on the fourth floor general stores. A com- pact and perfect electric light plant is in the yard at the rear. The machinery for brewing purposes is termed a 300 barrel plant, and includes a 300 gallon hot water tank, a 600 bushel meal bin, a 16 foot mash tub, a 16 foot filtering tub, a 16 foot hop jack, a 12 foot iron conversion tub, an iron surface cooler with a capacity of 300 barrels, a 250 barrel copper kettle with steam jackets, a 24 foot long " Baudelot " cooler, a spent grain tank and a spent hop tank, large malt storage bins, two large double rolling screens, com- bined with two malt scouring machines and automatic scales ; an elevator of 600 bushels capa- city, which carries 21 receiving bins, and a large malt mill of 400 bushels capacity per hour ; a 700 bushel iron meal bin and a 100 horse power "Buckeye" automatic engine for driving the wheels ; a mashing ma- chine, so arranged as to be raised and lowered automatic- ally, and a filtering tub. The mash tub is provided with mashing machines of the " Fiederlein " pattern. There are also spent grain conveyers, malt conveyers, and elevators of all kinds, as well as two 50 ton Consolidated refrigerating machines, each equal to the manufacture of 50 tons of ice every twenty-four hours. The process of manufac- turing the beer by this plant is very simple, and only requires four skilled workmen to run the whole machinery. The malt is first elevated to the store under the roof, and then discharged to the rolling floor, where it is cleansed and scour- ed ; then it is weighed auto- matically and discharged into an elevator, which re-elevates it, and discharges it into the bin over the malt mill. It is then passed by another eleva- tor to the meal bin above the mash tub. The meal is mixed with hot water and more malt added. From the mash tub the mash is sent to the filtering tub, where it is re-mashed and the wort drawn off into the kettle by its own gravity, the remaining grain at the same time being discharged into the spent grain tank. The wort is boiled in the kettle and hops added ; then the beer is discharged into the hop jacket, and after cooling it is pumped to the surface cooler on the fourth floor, the hops being automatically discharged, by means of a false bottom, to the spent hop tank. From the surface cooler the beer is run off over the " Baudelot " cooler, and it is there reduced to its proper temperature of 40 degrees Fahrenheit, thence to the starting tubs and fermenting tubs. It is finally run to the storage casks, where it for the first time is in contact with the hand of man. By this simple and ingenious process the finest beer is pro- duced, and Soo barrels a day can be turned out with the aid of only four men. The trade of the Germauia Brewery has increased only in pro- portion as it deserves, and at the present time 40,000 barrels a year are turned out, principally for bottling. The management of the brewery is in the able hands of the following gentlemen : E. I r . Poulterer, president ; John F. Betz, Sr., treasurer, and Joseph M. Ritter, secretary. The bottling department, which is a most im- portant branch of the concern, is under the personal superintend- ence of E. F. Poulterer and I. W. Stewart. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. BREWING AND DISTILLING. F. A. POTH BREWING COMPANY One of the largest breweries in the country is that of the F. A. Poth Brewing Company, at Thirty-first and Jefferson streets, Phila- delphia. It was established in 1865 and incorporated in 1877. F. A. Poth is the president of the company and F. J. Poth the secretary and treasurer. The business was established by Mr. F. A. Poth at the northeast corner of Third and Green streets in 1865. The first year the sales amounted to only Soo barrels and the whole capital employed was but $800. The business steadily increased, and in 1871 he moved to the present location. From January 1, 1890, to January 1, 1891, the sales amounted to 100,836 barrels. The firm are to-day the second largest house in Philadelphia in point of pro- There are, besides, the packing room, the wash house, the pitching house, pitching yard, shipping department, and, of course, the great malt house. The firm has its own refrigerating cars marked with the firm's name for the shipment of beer throughout the country. Nat- urally in the conduct of so great a business many horses and wagons are required, and the stables of the firm are as handsome and well arranged as can be imagined. There are nearly two dozen distinct departments attached to the brewery. The ice machine has a capac- ity of 200 tons daily, and this immense output iusures the proper keeping of the product. Their special brand is the Tivoli Export, and it is guaranteed to retain its quality in all climates. An exten- sive branch house is located at Trenton, N. J., and the firm control a very large trade throughout that State. There are thirty-five bot- mil 1 ii i ii £ £ 1 1 f i BREW HOUSE 11 III i l £ 1 i KUJ 'stok* i »'■ . 1 ' i 1 1 1 * * * Pi nil F. A. Poth Brewing Company's Building duction and carry the largest city trade. Last year while the English syndicate was endeavoring to buy up so many American breweries the F. A. Poth Company refused $2, 500,000 for their plant. Mr. F. A. Poth learned the business of beer brewing in this county. F. J. Poth has grown up with the business, and to his valuable assistance much of the success is due. The numerous office build- ings are spacious and handsome and very conveniently arranged for all departments. They were erected and furnished at a cost of over $25,000. A general view of the plant could not fail to give the visitor a pretty fair idea of the immense business done. Nearly every department has its own separate home. The private offices are handsomely and even luxuriously furnished, and the main busi- ness office is supplied with every convenience for its purposes. Perhaps to the visitor the most interesting of all the departments would be the refrigerating machines and engine rooms, where every modern appliance has been introduced. Other peculiar inter- esting features are the fermenting rooms and the beer storage cellars. tiers of this beer in Philadelphia and numerous others scattered throughout this State and in New Jersey. Through various causes the consumption of bottled beer has increased within recent years, especially by families. Very fre- quently the beer brewed by this company is ordered by physicians for their patients. Lager beer in all its varieties has grown steadily in favor with the American people. Within a comparatively recent period the sales have increased from almost nothing to the enor- mous quantity now disposed of. Before the War there was nothing like the quantity of beer consumed as there is to-day. Poth's beer has gained a large share of popular favor at all the seaside re- sorts on the New Jersey coast for its elegance and malty flavor, and the demand during the present summer has grown to such proportions as to tax the limit of the immense plant of the firm. In Philadelphia the number of retailers who dispense Poth's beer far outnumber the customers of any other establishment, and to this fact the firm boast with merited pride for the genuineness of their production. 234 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELLHIANS. BREWING AND DISTILLING. WHITE. HENTZ & CO. The business of this house was established in 1793, by Philip Wager at the location now occupied by the firm, Nos. 222 and 224 North Second street. White, Hentz & Co. is the oldest, and one of the most prominent and reliable linns in the city, and its record of continuous existence of nearly one hundred years, is a record almost unparalleled in any business house in the country, and equalled by few houses in Europe, where the custom prevails to a much greater extent of perpetuating business firms In [810 the house became known as Van Sykel & Garrison. After Mr. Garrison's retirement the firm took the title of Van Sykel & Sons. In 1S49, William R. White and J. Henry Hcntz formed a co-partnership under the title of White & Hentz. In 1S65 the pres- ent style was adopted. The present partners are J. Henry Hentz, J. P. Robinett and J. Henry Hentz, Jr. The history of this house, its *• rise and progress, is truly, in one r , ^ '*" >w \ fl! sense, identical with the history of , v V ^_. N \ II the city. At the establishment of this business, Philadelphia was com- paratively a small town, with just such enterprise as might be expected from those who had come here from the oppressions of Europe. The site of the present premises of this firm was then the society resort of the city, where now there is little but the crush of drays and the discordant shouts of drivers. Mr. J. Henry Hentz, the senior partner of this great firm, was born in Philadelphia and connected himself with the house when a young man, and was, after establishing his position by display- ing his ability and proving his per- sonal worth, admitted to partnership in 1S49. He is a representative busi- ness man of Philadelphia, and a per- fect master of all the details of the business, from manufacturing to finance, and it may be stated here that this house is different from many in Philadelphia, not having found it necessary to go outside for expert assistance, the partners by long ex- perience and practical knowledge, in addition to the jealousy with which they guarded the reputation of their goods, being possessed of every ne- cessary requirement. Mr. Hcntz vis- ited Europe in 1S79, returning in November, 1SS1. During his trip he visited Rheims, in France ; Cognac, so celebrated for its brandies ; Rotter- dam, no less noted for its gins and schnapps ; Cadiz, Spain's great sea- port, Oporto, Portugal, and other cities. In every respect the financial and social standing of Mr. Hentz is fully conceded. Mr. J. P. Robinett is a Phila- delphiau by birth and education, and here it may be said that all the members of the firm were born in the Quaker city. He became connected with the house when very young, and by reason of his untiring efforts, always working for the best interest of the firm, he was admitted to partnership in 1865. His ability as an expert, sound judgment and marked apti- tude and general supervision have been of great value to the house. He is a first class business man in every sense of the terni. Mr. J. Henry Hentz, Jr., sou of the senior partner, graduated from the Pennsylvania University, after which he began to assist his father. He has proved very active and energetic with good business qualifi- cations, and was admitted to partnership in 1885. This house has always been one of the most persistent advocates of selling the best goods, and has aimed always to carry a general line suited to the wants of the trade. Indeed there is no house in the country which carries a line more suited to the demands of the market to which it caters than this. Buying 011 the most extensive scale. everything is secured at the very lowest figure, they thus being enabled to dis- pose of their goods to the distributing and retail trade at a lower price than those whose transactions orabilities are not so extensive, White, Hentz & Company's Warehouse their known financial stability giving them many advantages in the purchase of goods. Their facilities are such that they are able to thoroughly stock without leaving their premises any store in the country. This firm makes a specialty of fine high-grade whiskies, and imports direct, gins, rums, ports, sherries, etc., cater- ing to the best trade, and enormous stock being carried. The firm are the sole proprietors of the celebrated Trimble Whiskey, intro- duced over sixty years ago, and which has enjoyed such an ex- tended reputation, and had so many imitators. This whiskey has continued to be the first in demand for the finest bar and drug store trade. Old George Trimble brought this brand over the Allegheny Mountains on a Concstoga wagon, and those who to-day obtain their best qualities of whiskies can little realize the anxieties and perils which attended the introduction to this part of the country of the first transportation. The quality of the Trimble Whiskies has been maintained up to this day, and there is no brand superior to them in the United States. As in all other makes of liquors, prices differ with regard to age. Knowing the value of the goods, the firm have pushed the sale with commendable energy, and now the demand is not only its own advertiser, but a perfect proof of the superiority of their quality and the call for Trimble Whiskey has in- creased to such an extent that the facilities for the manufacture are being taxed to the utmost. Fine imported wines is a prominent de- partment of the business of the house. The steady growth of the firm's trade in sherries, ports, Madeiras and other wines of all vintages and brands is proof of their superior excellence. The house has never competed with cheap goods, too often adulterated, but has made the motto of the firm "The Purest and Best." During the present year, as in past years, there has been a steady and decided in- crease in the volume of trade, and the prospects for a continuance were never more encouraging. The op- erations of the firm extend over the entire United States, with shipments to consumers in Europe, with branches in New York City and Washington, D. C. The same variety and high class of goods are to be obtained at these branch establishments, with the same honest principles as characterize the home establishment. Travelers are constantly employed visiting the various sections of the country. The Philadelphia trade receives special attention. In fact, in all respects, the house ranks as one of the leading representative liquor houses in the country. The premises of the firm extend back to Bread street, a distance of 200 feet, the receiving and shipping being done in the rear. The location is the best that could be desired for this firm's business. As it is, the site is one of the most interesting land-marks of Philadelphia, and should not be overlooked by the seekers after local antiquities. The front on Second street, erected in i860, No. 222, presents an imposing appearance, the design — executed in iron — being both artistic and substantial. That of No. 224 was erected in 1793. The rear premises of No. 224 were built in 1850, and those in the rear of No. 222 are upwards of ninety years old. All are four story buildings, except the old rear one. All these additions and rebuildings show in an emphatic manner the growth of this business, and the utility which has been secured leaves absolutely nothing to be desired. 235 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHIL A DELPHI A NS. BREWING AND DISTILLING. ALEXANDER YOUNG COMPANY, Limited The business of this well known company was founded in 1S23 by Alexander Young, a native of Ireland, who came to the United States in 1821. Having some knowledge of malt distilling and de- siring to perfect himself in the business, he entered the distillery belonging to J. W. Dover, on the Schuylkill river, paying a bonus and rendering his services for main- months without compensation. To-day in the city of Philadelphia and throughout the United States the name of Alexander Young is known among all classes of dealers and consumers as synonvmous with all that indicates the highest quality, purity, and the finest possible selection of materi- als and scientific process in manufacturing whiskey for medicinal and ordinary use. After acquiring a thorough knowledge of the process of distil- lation as then carried on, Mr. Young went into business at the cor- ner of Fifth and Alaska streets. In 1835 he removed to the prem- ises now occupied, Nos. 700 and 702 Passyunk avenue, which he rebuilt. About this time he associated with himself Mr. John Maitland, who had bought the property known as the "Old South Street Theatre, " formerly "Apollo," which was fitted up with all the necessary appliances for distillation, and under the firm name of Maitland & Young the business was conducted for two years, when Mr. Maitland withdrew from the firm. Mr. Young contin- ued the business until 1S37, when Mr. William J. Maitland, son of John Maitland, was taken in as a partner under the firm style of Maitland & Young. This firm existed until 1847, when it was ter- minated by the death of the senior partner. The firm of Maitland & Young made important discoveries in the process of distil- lation, largely increasing the quality and quantity of spirits ob- tained from grain. Upon the death of Mr. W. J. Maitland the business came under the sole control of Mr. Young. He at once commenced to enlarge and improve the plant, adding to it everything that could augment its value in the way of working to increase his facilities, and con- tinued the business until 1SS4, when he deceased. The business was then conducted by the sons of Mr. Young until 1S87, when the present company was organized, with Mr. Lewis T. Young, presi- dent ; Richard Young, vice-president ; Mr. Wilson Young, secre- tary and treasurer ; Mr. James P. Young and L. T. Davison, direc- tors. The capital stock of the company is $ 291, 000, exclusive of the plant, which is owned by the heirs of Alexander Young. The premises on South street comprise two four story warehouses, one four story malt house, and one three story distillery fronting on South street 145 feet, with a depth of about 200 feet. There are also a boiler and engine house and still room and the company's offices on the premises. The materials used in the production of their whiskies are the best rye, corn, and wheat to be had in the market. An artesian well on the premises supplies the purest water. The capacity of the distillery is about 7,500 barrels per annum, requiring the daily consumption of some 300 bushels of grain. Every im- provement in machinery and in the process of distillation that has been suggested has been adopted, and it is safe to say that in every respect this company is possessed of the best means and methods for distillation of pure spirits known to the trade. At the present time two new steam boilers are being erected with a 70 horse power ca- pacity each. The premises on Passyunk avenue are used for stor- age, rectifying, bottling, and salesrooms. The great specialty of the firm is in their " Y. P. M." brand (Young's Pure Malt), which was made and first produced on the market in iS54by Alexander Young, and has obtained a reputation for excellence and purity which has been carefully maintained by his successors, until throughout the length and breadth of the United States it is held in the highest estimation by physicians and all others who appreciate the purest as well as the finest flavored goods in the market. It is perfectly pure, free from any chemical adulteration, made from the best of grain. Their whiskies are allowed a long time to ripen before offering them to the trade, and now the company is having a fine demaud for a seven year old whiskey which they have recently offered to their customers. All of the grain used is malted on the premises. Their trade extends from Maine to California and everywhere among the best class of dealers their " Y.P.M." whis- key is found. Mr. Alexander Young, who laid the foundations on which this extensive establishment has risen, knew full well that his success depended upon maintaining among his competitors a reputation for the highest standard of purity and excellence, and it is with just pride the house now, as ever before, can challenge comparison with any other brands in the market. Mr. Frederick R. West, 7S Wall street, New York, well known in the trade, has supervision of the business of the house ia New York. j3S£j fate£\.- ^j*fmia& ■■■ill. MOORE & SINNOTT Pennsylvania industries include several of a diversified char- acter and of national importance as regards their product coming into successful competition with foreign importations. Such, for example, is the case with Messrs. Moore & Sinnott, proprietors of the Gibsouton Mills Distillery, with headquarters at No. 232 and 234 South Front street, in this city. This firm has achieved a national reputation for the superiority, purity and excellent quality of its whiskies, which from a small beginning early developed into a large and growing industry. The superiority and purity of their whiskies, recommended them to the best classes of the trade and consumers all over the United States. The vast progress made by the American distillery interests has in this connection an excellent illustration in the operations of this celebrated firm. This great establishment was founded in the year 1S37, it has had half a century and over of honorable success vouchsafed to but few commercial undertakings. The late John Gibson, the founder, was a thorough master of the business in all its branches. The firm was for a lengthy period known as that of John Gibson's Son & Co. , and its record is one of honorable effort and continuous enlargement of its facilities to meet the ever growing demand, until in 1884, the junior partners, Mr. Andrew M. Moore and Mr. Joseph F. Sinnott, became sole proprietors of the various important interests and as successors to the old firm have energetically continued the business, ever maintaining their product at the original high stand- ard of excellence and annually increasing their sales. A fact which speaks volumes as to the purity of these liquors, is that they are generally used in the hospitals of this city and State, and are pre- scribed by the medical profession. The distilleries are favorably located at Gibsouton on the Monon- gahela River, in Westmoreland county, and constitute a series of the largest size and most substantially constructed buildings, fitted up in the most elaborate manner, with all the modern appliances, and in every way the most perfectly equipped establishment of the kind in the country. Extensive kilns and malt-houses adjoin the distillery, only the finest grain that can be procured is used, and after being carefully kiln-dried, in conjunction with pure barley- malt, form the ingredients of the distillation of their celebrated pure Monongahela rye, wheat and malt whiskies. The operations are conducted in the most skillful manner, and the Gibsouton whis- kies have been the popular favorites both as to quality and flavor. The distilleries afford steady employment for upwards of 125 men, and have the capacity of one hundred barrels per day. The firm's mercantile facilities are equally perfect. The principal offices and warehouses are situated at Nos. 232 and 234 South Front street, comprising a four story and basement building, 60 x 200 feet in dimensions, and where a large and choice stock of their whiskey is always carried. In addition to their Philadelphia house, the firm have agencies in the principal trade centres elsewhere, as follows : New York, No. 60 Broad street; Boston, No. 160 State street; New Orleans, 102 Poydras street; San Francisco, No. 314 Sacramento street; and in Charleston, South Carolina, aud Savannah and Augusta, Georgia. An expert trade is also done, which is annually increasing. The firm has on hand the largest and best stock of choice old whiskies in the United States. This is an important consideration to buyers ; recognizing this fact, Messrs Moore & Sinnott have at command a storage capacity in heated bonded warehouses of the enormous total of sixty-five thousand barrels. Their customers realize their merits in comparison with other aspirants for public favor, and it need hardly be added that the Gibsonton Monongahela brands permanently maintain the lead both for fine bar trade, family use and medicinal purposes. Mr. Andrew M. Moore has been iden- tified with American distillery interests for upwards of forty-five years past, and Mr. Joseph V. Sinnott for upwards of thirty years. 236 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. SHIP BUILDING AND ENGINE WORKS. WILLIAM CRAMP & SONS SHIP AND ENGINE BUILDING COMPANY William Cramp & Sons Ship and Engine Building Company have the most complete, extensive and famous establishment of its kind in the United States. Its plant comprises not only the Main Works at Beach and Ball streets, having a front on the Dela- ware river of 1,000 feet with a depth of 700 feet, and the adjacent Port Richmond Iron Works, recently purchased from I. P. Morris & Co., but a marine railway and one of the largest dry docks in the country, located at the foot of Palmer street, having a basin that permits the entrance of vessels 450 feet long with a draft of 20 feet, and centrifugal pumps capable of discharging 120,000 gallons a minute and emptving the basin in forty-five minutes. To these may be added fifty-seven acres of land recently acquired near the confluence of the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, where in the near future it is proba- ble ship-building and engine works with immense docks will be erected that will be the peer in extent of any in the world. The present works, it is needless to add, are fitted up with all the tools and ma- chines that are needed for the speedy execution of work, many of them being the in- vention of various members of the company, or modifications made by them, and as a con- sequence are unique with this establishment. Over 3,000 hands are employed by the company, including 300 ship- wrights, 500 riveters, 300 join- ers, 80 riggers, 450 machinists, 700 blacksmiths and iron work- ers, 65 draughtsmen, 33 clerks, and the weekly pay roll aggre- gates over $30,000. These works, to which no adequate justice can be done within our circumscribed space, are the outgrowth of a small establishment founded in 1830 by William Cramp, with a capital saved from his earnings as a jouruevman ship car- penter. For thirty years they were devoted to the construction and repair of wooden vessels ; but about 1S60 the construction of wooden craft was discontinued, and the attention of the firm was given entirely to iron vessels, in which it has made a reputation familiar to every maritime country in the world. Until recently they were employed almost exclusively in the construction of merchant vessels. The list of well-known craft of this class built at these works is entirely too long for insertion here, but we may mention the side wheel steamers, " Cetus," " Persus," "Pegasus" and "Taurus," running between New York and Coney Island ; the steamers " Mariposa" and "Alameda," at present run- ning between San Francisco and Sydney, Australia ; the " Korean" for the Wilder Steamship Company of Honolulu; the "San Pedro" and " San Pablo," for the Pacific trade between Panama and the Golden date ; the twin screw vertical triple expansion transport "Monmouth," for the Central Railroad of New Jersey, which has a speed of iSN knots; the vertical triple expansion steamers " Iro- quois" and "Algonquin," for Clyde's Line between New York and Charleston; the "El Mar " (3531 tons), and the "El Sol " (4300 tons'), running between New York and New Orleans ; the Red " D" line steamships between New York and Venezuela; the "Henry M. Whitney," for the Metropolitan Steamship Company, between New York and Boston, and the " Essex," for the Merchants' and Miners' Transportation Company, running between Baltimore and Boston. To these may be added the steam yachts " Corsair," for J. Picrpont Morgan, of New York; the "Atalanta," for Jay Gould, Esq., and the " Peerless," built for their own account to test a new- principle in marine engineering. When the war of the Rebellion broke out the Government Navy Yards were wholly inadequate to supply the vessels demanded by the situation, and the Government officials called upon the Cramps for help. They responded promptly, patriotically and efficientlv, and in a short time turned out the monitor "Yazoo," the steam frigate " Chattanooga," of 3,500 tons, and above all the "New Ironsides," which rendered such efficient service before Forts Fisher, Wagner, Sumter and Moultrie. This was the first broad-side iron- clad or armored man-of-war ever launched in the United States, and was the wonder of naval architects and of the great naval powers. To the Cramps also belongs the credit of having built the only pas- senger steamships plying be- tween Europe and America that carry the American flag. The history of the American Steamship Line is well known, but it is not so well known that though the price of American iron had risen thirty per cent, before the "Pennsylvania," "Ohio," " Indiana" and " Illi- nois " were completed, there was no suggestion of default, and the ships were delivered on time and in thorough ac- cord with the terms of the con- tract. These vessels, with a tonnage of 3,125 each, have, during the last twenty years, carried thousands of passengers with perfect safety and comfort, and hun- dreds of thousands of tons of valuable freight at an average speed, winter and summer, equal to any of their class built by foreign firms. In 1S72 the Cramps constructed for the steamship "George W. Clyde " the first two crank compound engine in America, and its advantages as an economizer of fuel were so manifest that it at once dominated the construction of simple engines, and all other Ameri- can ship-builders were compelled to follow Cramps' lead. For a period of fourteen years the development of the compound engine was steadily pushed to its climax of air-tight fire room, forced draught and the highest boiler pressure consistent with economy in double expansion until the limit was reached in the construction of Jay Gould's celebrated steam yacht, the "Atalanta." Then the firm took a step forward by testing in the construction of the steam yacht " Peerless," built for their own account, the practicability of advancing from two to three expansions of working steam. The experiment was so satisfactory — as the "Peerless" developed a William Cramp PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. SHIP BUILDING AND ENGINE WORKS. speed of 17X knots an hour, making her the fastest yacht of her time and class— that no room was left for argument as to the efficiency of the new system, and though a few merchant ships were afterwards built by them with ordinary compound engines they were duplicates of earlier vessels, and none but triple expan- sion engines are now designed or recommended by the company. In 1876 the Russian officials who were visiting the Centennial Exhibition were so impressed by what they saw at the Cramps' yard that they persuaded the Czar's government to send the cor- vette " Craysser " there to be overhauled. Subsequently, when the war cloud hung over the Orient, and Britain sent her fleet to Con- stantinople to take care of the "sick man of Turkey," Russia had three more vessels built at the Cramps' yard — the "Europa," "Asia," and the famous " Zabiaca," which won the admiration of the Muscovite Navy by her graceful lines and unusual speed of 15 '• knots an hour. The achievements of the Cramps in demonstrating the existence of a plant capable of turning out promptly domestic war ships equal to the best of foreign construction, had no doubt its influence upon Con- gress in inducing the appropri- ation of large sums of money for a new navy, and when the bill was passed and the call was made for the new ships they promptly responded. Messrs. Cramp & Sons have already completed and launched the double turreted moiiito r " Terror," the cruiser "York- town," the protected cruisers " Philadelphia," " Baltimore " and "Newark," and the pneu- matic dynamite gun cruiser "Vesuvius." These comprise nearly half of the new navy afloat and represent a tonnage of 15,245, a total horse power of 32,000, and a cost at contract price of {4,728,000. In all of these vessels the contract re- quirements were exceeded, the builders receiving more than $300,000 in premiums for excess in speed or power, which is the best possible proof of the high class of work performed by the company. They have now on the stocks five of the largest American men-of-war ever built — the battle ships "Indiana" and "Massachusetts," the " New York " or Cruiser No. 2, Cruiser No. 12, nicknamed at the yard the "Pi- rate," and Cruiser No. 13, a duplicate of No. 12. These will have an aggregate tonnage of 43,696, a horse power of 76,000, and cost the Government without premiums {14,440,000. The battle ships "Indiana" and "Massachusetts" will be 34S feet long on water line, 69X feet in breadth, with a displacement of 10,298 Urns, and a guaranteed speed of 15 knots. The engines are twin screw of the vertical, triple expansion, direct acting, inverted cylinder tvpe, placed in water tight compartments separated by bulk- heads. There are four double ended and two single ended auxiliary steel boilers of the horizontal return fire-tube type. The battery will consist of four 13-inch B. L. R., eight 8-inch B. h. R., four 6-inch B. h- R. , twenty 6-pounders, and four Gatlings. They are designed for great fighting power united with adequate protection , able to take the sea in all weathers and with draught suited to shallow waters. The contract price of each of these battle ships is $3,020,000. The " New York," or armored cruiser, No. 2, which will be com- pleted on or before January I, 1S93, will be a four decked vessel, 380 feet 6 )■■, inches long, of S150 tons, 16,000 horse-power, and will have boilers of the extraordinary diameter of 15.9 feet requiring a shell plate thickness of 1.32 inches, and weighing 70 tons each when ready for installation on board ship. She will be able to carry enough coal for a continuous voj-age of 13,000 miles without reload- ing, and is built to clear the sea of an enemy's commerce and any commerce destroyer he may send out. It is confidently believed the "New York" will be the fastest and most powerful protected cruiser afloat, and for general purposes of service in war will have a wider field of usefulness than an)' other ship designed for our navy. The contract price is {2,985,000. Protected cruisers, Nos. 12 and 13, duplicates of each other, are designed to be the fastest cruisers in the navy. They are unique in many re- spects, especially in their ma- chinery, and are the first ves- sels of their size to which three screws have been applied. Their length will be 412 feet, breadth 5S feet, tonnage, 7,475 ; horse-power, 21,000; with a guaranteed speed of 21 knots. Each vessel will have three sets of triple expansion engines, driving three screws, the third screw placed between and be- low the other two, and the engines will be arranged in three separate water-tight com- partments, each complete in itself, so that if two arc dis- abled the third can still propel the ship. The battery will consist of one 8-inch B. L- R., two 6-inch BL- R., eight 4-inch B. L. R., two 6 pounders, and four 1 pounders. The contract price of No. 12 is {2,725,000, and of No. 13 is {2,690,000. Since 1871 the William Cramp & Sous Ship and Eu- Charles H. Cramp gine Building Co. has been incorporated, and has now an authorized capital of {5,000,000, of which {3,940,000 has been issued. The company, as at present organized, includes the names of no less than ten descendants of the eminent founder of the establishment. The President and directing mind of the company is Mr. Charles H. Cramp ; Mr. Heurv W. Cramp is the Secretary and Treasurer ; Mr. Edwin S. Cramp, "the Superintending Engineer, and Mr. Lewis Nixon, late Naval Constructor United States Navy, is the naval architect. Mr. Charles H. Cramp is a practical shipbuilder, having served an apprenticeship with his uncle, John Byerly, before he entered his father's employ. All his younger brothers are also practical shipwrights. The organization of the establishment is complete, and each of the prominent members has the position for which his tastes and qualifications peculiarly fit him. The force of workmen includes many men of long experience in the business, and no yard in the world has more intelligent engineers for con- ducting the work. Ascher Lawsou remarked in his article on "Ship-building on the Delaware," written for Harper's Weekly: " It is a great industrial establishment, founded by an American me- chanic, maintained by his descendants in the same broad spirit of economy, enterprise, and integrity, and of which Philadelphia and the whole country can well be proud." 238 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. RAILROADS, Etc. PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD In a country which can boast of a larger mileage of railroads than any other nation on the face of the globe, the Pennsylvania Railroad owns and controls by far the largest area and it is safe to say that it is the largest and richest corporation in the world. It has been an incalculable benefit to the State of Pennsylvania and it has by its enterprise and push reached out its arms until it carries civilization and commerce to the cities and seaports of the far West and the sunny South. This wonderful and gigantic organization has reached its power and marvellous height of prosperty within the short space of half a century. It was first suggested and advocated at a public meeting held in the Chinese Museum in this city in 1S45, Dut the plans did not materialize until nearly a year later. The act of incorporation for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company was passed on April 13, 1846. The capital was fixed at #7,500,000 with the privilege of in- creasing it to # 10,000,000 and the plan was for a road to be built to connect with the Harrisburg, Portsmouth, Mount Joy and Lan- caster Railroad and to run to Pittsburg or to Erie. Little confi- dence was placed in the scheme at first, and a house to house can- vass was made to obtain the necessary capital to start the operation. At last, on February 25, 1S47, Governor Shuulc granted the Charter and the Pennsylvania Railroad Company became an actual fact. John Edgar Thomson, who had been the prime mover and who acted as Chief Engineer of the line was made the first President, and entered upon his duties in the early part of the year 1847. In the same year the City of Philadelphia subscribed #2 500,000 and the County of Allegheny Si, 000, 000. Work was at once started and by the energy of Mr. Thomson the line was soon completed in sections. On September 1, 1849, the first division, extending from Harrisburg to Lewistown, a distance of sixty-one miles, was opened. A year later, on September 17, 1S50, the line to Mountain House was opened, and connection thereby made with the State Portage Road over the Alleghenies. In August, 185 1, twenty-one miles west from Johnstown were finished, and on December 10, 1S52 cars were run through from Philadelphia to Pittsburg. The road, under the personal supervision of Mr. Thomson, was constructed in the best manner possible and with all the modern improvements. It was then and it is now the most perfect line in America, if not in the world. This great work was not completed, however, without encoun- tering and overcoming many difficulties and obstacles. The taxes demanded by the State were burdensome and when the line was completed the original shareholders, tired of waiting for a return of their investments, demanded the sale of the road and a division of the money realized. At length after a long fight with the Legis- lature and the original shareholders, and repeated demands for the repeal of the tonnage tax, on August 1, 1S57, the Governor by pro- clamation transferred the main line to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company for the sum of #9,000,000, and with relief from all taxes on tonnage or freight carried over the road. This uufortunateh- did not end the trouble as the Supreme Court declared the act of the Governor unconstitutional. The Company then declined to pay the tonnage tax and held it for further legal deliberation. After six years of litigation the matter was finally settled by the Pennsyl- vania agreeing to pay #13,570,000 for the purchase of the main line and the repeal of all taxes. The Company now had for the first time a clear field before it and President Thomson devoted all his energies to improving the line and increasing its ramifications by the gradual acqui- sition of branch lines and extensions. During the war the various lines of the Company were placed at the disposal of the Gov- ernment and proved a valuable means of transporting troops. Colonel Thomas A. Scott, Vice President of the Company, for his services and activity, was made Assistant Secretary of War and was one of the most trusted colleagues of President Lincoln. At the close of the war the executive again devoted its attention to improvements and extensions. In [864 it introduced steel rails all along the lines, and developed their manufacture in this country until some of the largest steel works in the world were built up. Many new lines were also leased, the principal acquisi- tions being in 1864, when connecting lines were laid from Pit) to the West and the construction of roads was continued until the Pennsylvania Road possessed the most complete western connec- tions on the continent, and its facilities for the expeditious and economic movement of passengers and freight became superior to any other line. On December 1, 1871, the Company obtained a direct line to New York by leasing the united Companies of New Jersey for a term of 999 years, and in 1873 by acquiring the Northern Central Road and completing the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad a direct line to Washington through Baltimore was ob- tained. The Company sustained a severe loss on May 27, 1874, by the death of President Thomson who had so wisely guided the affairs of the corporation through all its troubles and tribulations, and who had lived to see his great project fairly launched on the full tide of prosperty and success. Colonel Thomas A. Scott was elected to the Presidential chair aud he brought the Company to the pinnacle of its wonderful career. In June, 1880, he resigned his high position on account of ill health and was succeeded by the present incumbent, Mr. George B. Roberts, who has proved himself capable of continu- ing the great work done by his two distinguished predecessors. Such is the brief history of one of the greatest corporations of the world. From a comparatively humble beginning it has de- veloped and grown until its powers are well nigh illimitable and its wealth incalculable. Some idea of the magnitude of the opera- tions of the company at the present time can be gleaned by the facts stated in the last report of the Board of Directors. The lines embraced in the system composed in the three divisions operated by the company east of Pittsburgh and Erie, — the Pennsylvania Rail- road Division, the United Railroads of New Jersey, including the Delaware and Raritan Canal, and the Philadelphia and Erie Rail- road, — cover an aggregate of 2,435 miles of railroad and 66 miles of canal. Then there are the branches, West Jersey and Camden and At- lantic ; Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore ; Northern Central, Northwest System, Southwest System, Grand Rapids and Indiana, and Cincinnati, Richmond and Fort Wayne. In forty-four years the system has grown until it is now composed of 1 20 corporations, nearly- all in good financial condition, and representing nearly S.ooo miles of railroad and canal ; with a bonded capital of over #700,000,000, which, in 1890, earned more than #133,000,000 gross, moved over 137,000,000 tons of freight, and 84,000,000 passengers, aud requires nearly 50,000 cars for transportation. Its work-shops cover an area of over 700 acres and it employs an army of 100,000 employees, many of them mechanics and experts of the highest skill. It has developed mines, created manufactories and established commerce and it hesitates at no project, however stupendous, which has for its object the good of the country and the people. The constitution of the executive staff at the present time is as follows : President, George B. Roberts ; First Vice-President. Frank Thomson ; Second Vice-President, J. N. Du Barry ; Third Vice- President, John P.Green; Treasurer, Robert W. Smith; Gene- ral Solicitor, John Scott ; Secretary, John C. Sims ; Directors, George B. Roberts, Alexander M. Fox, Alexander Biddle, N. Parker Shortridge, Henry D. Welsh, William L. Elkins, H. H. Houston, A. J. Cassatt, C. A. Griscom, B. B. Comegys, Amos R. Little, W. H. Barnes, George Wood, Frank Thomson, J. N. Du Barry, and John P. Green. Notwithstanding the many thousands of work people in the pay of the company, the officers have at all times carefully looked after the welfare of those under them. The Pennsylvania Railroad is the only corporation which has a regularly established relief aud saving fund and both institutions have thrived and prospered won- derfully. The Employees' Relief Fund has a membership of 24,984, and during the year the large sum of #440,103.83 was paid out for death benefits and for sickness and accidents. The Employees' Saving Fund is also a very popular institution. The number of depositors in 1S90 was 2,590 and the amount of deposits aggregated #344,152. It is the spirit that thus looks after the well-being of its dependents that has helped to bring the Pennsylvania Railroad to the exalted position its holds both in the commercial world and as a well managed and perfectly equipped corporation. In the space allotted to this sketch full justice cannot be done to so great an undertaking, but it is a fact that the Pennsylvania Railroad has been one of the principal levers to raise the State from which it takes its name to importance and wealth, and it has been a great factor in beautifying and improving the good City of Philadelphia. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. RAILROADS, Etc. THE READING RAILROAD The Reading Railroad is one of the leading factors in the pros- perity of both this City and State. Pennsylvania can justly boast of being one of the richest of the commonwealths in the Union ; and among the many things to which the inhabitants of the Keystone State can point with pardonable pride and satisfaction are the splendid railway systems which gridiron the territory embraced within its borders and which have done so much to develop its great natural resources. One of the most important of these lines is the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, the history of which company is so closely allied and interwoven with that of the State itself that one would be incomplete without reference to the other. This great highway, with its numerous branches and connections, forms a perfect network of steel in Eastern Pennsylvania, reaching almost every city in that portion of the State and carries to market the products of the vast and important industries that are located on or adjacent to its lines. The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company was incor- porated in 1833, and the first train was run over its tracks between Philadelphia and Reading in 1839. By successive extensions and acquisitions it has grown from a small coal road and local line of less than sixty miles in length to its present magnificent propor- tions and taken its rank as one of the most important of the great transportation lines of the country ; operating, at the present time, a system covering 2,344 miles of tracks, its tonnage mileage in 1889 having been over fifteen hundred million tons. The success of the company is very largely due to the fact that those at the helm believe that "what is worth doing at all is worth doing well," and the manner in which the business of the Company has been conducted and the improvements which have been inaugurated or consummated within recent years, are an evidence that it is the determination of the management, to place and keep the Reading in the fore front with the great transportation lines of the country. The first annual report of the Company in which the receipts were given was that for the year ending December 31, 1S42, when they amounted, as therein stated, to but $200,000, while for the year ending November 30, 1890, the combined receipts of the rail- road company and the coal and iron company were over 141,000,000. The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company maintains and offers to its patrons a service strictly first class in every particu- lar. The locomotives in use for passenger service burn clean, hard, anthracite coal exclusively and thereby insure immunity from the dense clouds of black smoke and the flying cinders that are so annoving to the passengers on roads which use soft coal. The coaches, which are models of the car builders' art and inventive genius, cannot be surpassed in attractiveness, elegance of furnish- ings and real comfort, by anything running on wheels. It is an indisputable fact that the trains of the Company run at a higher rate of speed than those of any other line in the country, but this is done consistently with safety, the perfect system of running trains, the use of improved devices for safety with which all trains are equipped, and the employment of none but experienced, careful and intelligent train men. The main stem of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad extends from Philadelphia to Williamsport. Reading is the hub of this vast railway system. From this point the various branch roads reach all parts of the great State, penetrating a rich agricultural section as well as the coal producing region, running to Pottsville, Harrisburg, Lancaster, Columbia, Gettysburg, Pine Grove, Brook- side, Allentown, Easton, Phillipsburg, through the Schuylkill, Mahanoy and Catawissa vallej-s ; in fact, touching a thousand and one points. The East Pennsylvania branch connects at Allentown with the Central Railroad of New Jersey and the Lehigh Valley for Mauch Chunk, Wilkes-Barre, and other points, traversing a territory that cannot be surpassed for the beauty and attractiveness of its scenery. Many miles of new road have also been recently constructed or acquired, the greater portion passing through rich agricultural or mineral sections, the products of which help to swell the volume of the road's traffic. The region which is thus traversed by the Philadelphia and Reading railroad, rich in mineral ores and containing the immense anthracite coal fields of the State, offers a field of enterprise to the capitalist that is rarely equalled even in so wealth y a State as Pennsylvania. The road also connects at Slatington with the Lehigh Valley and the Pennsylvania, Poughkeepsie and Boston railroad via the bridge over the Hudson river, and also by the way of Allentown with the Central Railroad of New Jersey to Philipsburg, forming the Poughkeepsie route to Boston. This is the only direct route to Boston without change of any kind, and passes through the very garden spots of Connecticut and Massachusetts, the time con- sumed being only fourteen hours, and it has become very popular with travellers from the west and south, as it does away with the annoyance of crossing to New York City by ferry and making con- nections at the Grand Central depot, which cannot always be promptly accomplished. Another important division of the Philadelphia and Reading system is the line from Philadelphia to Bethlehem with branches extending to New Hope and to Doylestowu. This line passes through a hilly but rich agricultural section and along it are located the summer residences of many of Philadelphia's leading citizens. At Bethlehem connections are made with both the Lehigh Valley and the Central Railroad of New Jersey for all points in the scenic and historic Lehigh and Wyoming Valleys, and for Buffalo, Niagara Falls, the West, Northwest and the Canadas. The Germantowu and Chestnut Hill and the Norristown branches run to Chestnut Hill and Norristown respectively and both lines pass through numerous and attractive small towns that are inhabited by persons who are desirous of escaping from the noise, turmoil and discomforts attendant upon a residence in the city, and of enjoying the quietude and health-invigorating life of the country while still partaking of the advantages of the city which thev are enabled to do owing to the fast and frequent train service operated on both branches. One of the most important branches of the system is its New York line, formerly termed the Bound Brook Route. This line is conceded by eminent railway authorities to be the finest piece of railroad in the United States, if not in the world. It is equipped, as are all other portions of the system, with the heaviest and best steel rails laid on a stone ballast fully two feet deep, thus allowing the highest speed with little or no oscillation. It is on this division that the fastest regular train in the United States makes its daily trip. This is the one leaving Ninth and Green streets, Philadelphia, at 7.30 A. M., and arriving at New York at 9.30 a. m. This train has a record of making one hundred and thirty consecutive trips and being only nine times late in reaching its destination, while on these few occasions the delay was not more than a few minutes in each instance. This fast train service between New York ami Phila- delphia is thoroughly appreciated by the public, and with the estab- lishment of the Terminal Station, at Twelfth and Market streets, in Philadelphia, the time between the two cities will be reduced to the minimum. The short distance and increasing travel between the two points demand frequent and fast runs, and the two hour trains of the route which now meet the demands of the business men will soon have to give way to much faster ones. The branch now forms the middle liuk iu the rapidly becoming famous " Royal Blue Line," which is composed of the Baltimore and Ohio, Philadelphia and Reading, and the Central New Jersey Railroads, and covers the dis- tance between the Metropolis and the Capital of the country, in the short space of five hours, connecting them with Philadelphia, Wil- mington and Baltimore, through which cities the line runs. One of the most popular of the lines operated by the Reading system is the Atlantic City Railroad, known so well and favorably throughout the whole as the "Royal Route" to the sea. This is the great short route between Philadelphia and that justly celebrated and most popular seaside resort for the people of the North and West, Atlantic City. A ride to the seashore over this line is not only made with the highest speed but also with the greatest safety, comfort and convenience possible in railroad travel. The distance of fiftv-six miles, on a line almost as straight as the crow flies from the Delaware to the sea, is traversed in a little over an hour. This rate of speed is maintained with perfect safety by the large and powerful locomotives used, as the Hue is free from curves, the roadbed in the most perfect condition, being ballasted with slag, double tracked the entire length and with no grades to speak of. New ferry boats and new and commodious stations in both Phila- delphia and Atlantic City, in addition to the other advantages, have made this the finest and most popular route to the City by the Sea, the enormous business transacted evidencing the appreciation of the public of the efforts made for their accommodation. The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company also controls the line to Brigantine Beach, and which is known as the Brigautine Branch. This line leaves the main tracks of the Atlantic City road a short distance from Atlantic City and runs to the new resort of Brigantine. It is the intention of the company to operate on this branch a service equally as good as that which has made the Atlantic line so justly popular with its patrons, and there is 110 doubt but that Brigantine Beach will in the near future prove a formidable rival to some of the older and more widely known seaside resorts. To those who do not care for the seashore the Philadelphia and Reading affords access to mountain resorts at Eagles' Mere, High- land Lake and Lake Mokoma, via the Williamsport and North Branch Railroad, and Weruersville, via the Lebanon Valley branch, all of which points possess attractions for the pleasure seeker, and PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. RAILROADS, ETC. interests which were opposed to granting the privilege: but the press and the people were convinced thai it would he a great benefit to the public as well as to the company and its accomplishment resulted. The establishing of the Terminal Station at Twelfth and Market streets is hailed as one of the greatest iinprovcm recent years, and the benefit certain to accrue to the general welfare and the commercial interests of the community as well as those of the railroad are almost beyond computation. Among some of the important matters which were taken in hand by the present management of the company upon assuming charge of its affairs were the improvement of the road-bed, the rolling stock and the train service. Even the ordinary layman, inexperienced in railroad management, well understands that a good road-bed is absolutely necessary to insure speed and safety of trains and the comfort of passengers ; and when the services of Mr. A. A. McLeod, now president and general manager of the road, were secured by the company, his practical experience in, and knowledge of railroading, led him to inaugurate a system of reformation which was necessary to place the road in a condition to meet the require- ments of the time and com- pete with the other great car- rying companies for freight and passenger traffic. Under his intelligent supervision and energetic direction, fast trains leaving stations and arriving at designated points on schedule time were among the improve- ments established, and he has always insisted upon a rigid maintenance of the schedule and a strict compliance with the rules of the company, A. A. McLEOD for those in search of rest and health, that are not only unexcelled, but are such as no other localities can present. Three very important additions to the Philadelphia and Read- ing system are the Philadelphia, Harrisburg and Pittsburg Railroad, the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad, and the Port Reading extension. By the Philadelphia. Harrisburg and Pittsburg branch the Reading will be enabled to reach the line of the Baltimore and Ohio, which will give the company a through Western connection, and doubtless result in largely increasing the volume of its traffic. The acquisition of the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad gave the Reading direct access to the famous battlefield and largely the control of the excursion business to that point. The Port Reading extension from Bound Brook to the new terminus of Port Reading, located on the Arthur Kill near Perth Ambov, gives the Philadelphia ami Reading an outlet upon New York Harbor, and enables the company to have complete control of its extensive coal business there, instead of being at the mercy of competing carrying companies, who naturally give preference to their own business. The completion of the road will enable the company to effect a saving of at least a quarter of a million dollars annually in the cost of handling its coal shipments at that point, besides greatly fa- cilitating its business by doing away with the vexations and expensive delays attendant upon it when handled, as pre- viously, by companies whose own interests are naturally first considered. This gives the Reading Company an inde- pendent outlet and terminal facilities unsurpassed at the very door of the commercial metropolis of the country. The recent acquisition by the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company of the Cata- sauqua and Fogelsville Rail- road will result in largely in- creasing the traffic of the East Pennsylvania Railroad, by which the Reading system connects with the newly ac- quired road at Alburtis, and which is one of the most profit- able of the leased lines con- trolled by the Reading. The East Pennsylvania extends from Reading to Allentown, a distance of thirty-six miles, and runs through an exceed- ingly prosperous region, which is not only a fertile agricul- tural section, but is rich in mineral resources. By secur- ing control of the Catasauqua and Fogelsville road, the Reading has not only obtained direct access to the numerous furnaces situated upon the line, to which it will supply the ores produced on the line of the East Pennsylvania, but it also gains a heavy coal trade heretofore controlled by the Lehigh Valley Rail- road, in supplying the dozen or more towns on the line and the country tributary thereto annually with 100,000 tons or more of coal required for domestic and manufacturing purposes besides that which is consumed by the furnaces. It will also have the hauling of the product of the furnaces to a market, the result being a very- considerable increase in the traffic of the East Pennsylvania branch, which is the outlet of the trade. The East Pennsylvania in conjunction with the Lebanon Valley- branch, with which it connects at Reading, forms almost an air line between Allentown and Harrisburg and will probably be used in the near future as a short line between New York and the West. It was by this route that the Pennsylvania shipped its heavy freight to and from New York before that company secured control of the United Railroads of New Jersey. The passenger service of the East the handling of men and affairs, that he was selected to lead the Pennsylvania is being constantly improved, and there will be extra herculean effort about to be made for the Reading's rejuvenation, trains added as the business will warrant it. The need of terminal And right nobly did he justify the sagacity and faith of those who facilities near the business quarter of the city of Philadelphia was chose him for this great task. a great drawback to the local traffic of the Reading Company, and Possessing a physique of phenomenal vigor and endurance, it was a most difficult and tedious matter to overcome the adverse sustained by an indomitable will and invincible courage, he threw Archibald Angus McLeod Among the men whose names shall adorn the chroni- cles of Philadelphia, Archibald Angus McLeod, President of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad and Coal and Iron Companies, is no inconspicu- ous figure. Coming but a few years ago, almost unknown, into this most conservative of communities, he is now re- garded as one of its foremost citizens. Entering but recently upon the stupendous task of saving from total ruin and dis- integration the great interests of the Reading Railroad sys- tem , he hasso succeeded that he is now recognized as one of the ablest and most sagacious rail- way managers in the country. Mr. McLeod was born in the year 1S4S, and is consequently one of the youngest men who ever attained sovereignty among the rulers of the railroad world. After acquiring a fair academical education he fitted himself for the profession of his choice, that of civil engineering. His railroad career began before he had attained his majority, his first service being performed in the capacity of a rod-man upon the surveys of the then uncompleted Northern Pacific Railroad. His force of character, executive ability, and devotion to duty, so commended him to those with whom he was brought in contact, that he was rapidly advanced through the several gradations of the service until, in "18S6, the management of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, then passing through the throes of a most desperate struggle for the continuance of its existence and the retention of its vast and valuable franchises, found Mr. McLeod occupying the responsible but comparatively inconspicuous posi- tion of General Manager of the Elmira, Cortlandt and Northern Railroad. He had, however, displayed such admirable qualities in 241 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. RAILROADS, Etc. himself into the fight for the life of a great corporation with a degree of energy and pertinacity which amazed those who watched the seemingly hopeless contest. His minute personal knowledge of practical railway construction and operation, was skilfully and unstintedly devoted to the institution of economies and reforms in the service, while the confidence which he inspired in the world of finance, won and held the support of the moneyed interests, with- out which Reading's reorganization had failed. Seeing that vast improvements, developments and extensions were necessarv to enable his corporation to claim and maintain the position in the country's transportation system to which it was rightfully entitled, Mr. McLeod directed his earliest efforts to the perfection of discipline, the enlargement of terminal facilities, the betterment of roadway and equipment, and, finally, as a resulting concomitant of these, the invasion of new fields and the acquisition of new traffic. How admirably he has succeeded is attested by the present splendid physical condition of the properties of these twin corpora- tions ; by their constantly improving financial standing; by their enormously increased earning powers, and by their prospects of future prosperity. That much of this is due to Mr. McLeod's powerful and magnetic personality cannot be doubted. On one day throt- tling a great and vindictive strike with armored and re- lentless grip, he is the next day as tender-hearted and sympathizing as a woman to some humble subordinate who approaches him with a story of suffering or injustice. His kindness in the treatment of employees has made the great army of workers under his command his willing and in- telligent co-laborers, and this fact alone has played no small part in Reading's regeneration. Having done so much to better Philadelphia's transpor- tation facilities and enhance her industrial and commercial importance ; having perfected a new and great through line between the East and the South; opened a truly " Royal Route" to the sea, and ex- tended the ramifications of his system in every direction, Mr. McLeod is now in Philadel- phia's behalf reaching toward New York Bay on the one band, and to Pittsburg and the West on the other, with the culmination of his most notable achievement in view — coal lands. Here he was retained by the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company, and was placed in very close relations to their vast undertakings, purchasing many thousand acres of land and numerous collieries, paying many millions of dollars there- for, and though the work included numerous and difficult com- plications, it was well done and not an acre of the vast property ac- quired has ever been lost or impaired by reason of any defects in the title passed upon by him. In the vear 1874 Mr. Keim removed to Philadelphia in con- nection with the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company and Coal and Iron Compau}-. He has filled the offices of General Auditor, Vice-President, President pro tern, and Receiver pro tern. In January, 1SS4, he was made President of both Companies, and when they passed again into a receivership, he was appointed by the Circuit Court of the United States to that position, in conjunc- tion with Mr. Edward M. Lewis and Mr. Stephen A. Caldwell, two well known gentlemen of high personal and business character. This receivership terminated in January, 1888. Under this re- ceivership the gross earnings of the companies were about #150,- 000,000, and the requirements of the management of the business under all the difficult surroundings and circum- stances were very laborious and constant. Upon the com- panies resuming management in 1888, Mr. Keim was made a Director in the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Com- pany and President of the Coal and Iron Company ; the latter position he resigned in Janu ary, 1891, believing that the interest of the Railroad Com- pany and the Coal and Iron Company would be promoted by placing the management in one and the same person — Mr. A. A. McLeod, President of the Railroad Company. He has long been con- nected with the Historical So- ciety of Pennsylvania and one of its Vice-Presidents. By appointment of the Governor of the Commonwealth he served with Simon Cameron and the Hon. Daniel Eniien- trout on the Commission which selected General Peter Muhl- enberg and Robert Fulton as subjects for the statues to be presented by the State to be placed in the Capitol at Wash- ington. Mr. Keim married Eliza- beth Cooke Trezevant, only daughter of Louis Creiger Trez- evant, M. D., of South Caro- George deB. Keim the extension of his lines into the city's very centre by means of the Reading Terminal. For these, his manifold and successful labors for his city's good and his corporation's prosperity, he well deserves a place among Philadelphia's worthies. GEORGE deB. KEIM George deBenneville Keim, ex-President Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company and of the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company, was born in Reading, the eldest son of George M. Keim and Julia C. Mayer his wife, and was named after his grandfather, General George deB. Keim. He received a pre- liminary education in the local schools, and passed one term in the Georgetown College, while his father was a member of Congress from Bucks. He was admitted to the Sophomore Class, Dickinson College, in 1846, graduating in 1849. He then took up the study of chemistry in the laboratory of Dr. Charles M. Wetherill, with special reference to the analysis of minerals. In 1S50, returning to Reading, he read law in the office of Charles Davis, Esq., and was admitted to practice in April, 1852. In 1855 Mr. Keim located at Pottsville, Schuylkill county, where there had begun very great activity in the development of lina, and of his wife Elizabeth Marion, daughter of Bullcr Cook, Esq. Mr. Keim's family consists of his wife and daughters, Julia Maver Keim and Susan Douglass Keim. WILLIAM R. TAYLOR William Rice Taylor, Secretary of the Philadelphia and Read- ing Railroad Company, was born in Schuylkill Haven, Schuylkill County, Pa., May 22, 1856. His father was of Scotch ancestry, and his mother was descended from the early Dutch settlers of the State. When he was but two vears of age his parents moved to Philadel- phia and located in Kensington, where he attended the public schools until he was nearly fourteen years of age. After some desultory employment he entered the employ of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company in December, 1871. He was first given a position in the office of the President and Secretary of the company. In 1876 he was appointed stenographer to the President, Mr. Franklin B. Gowen, in w^hich capacity he served that gentle- man until his resignation in 18S4. He held the same position under Mr. Gowen 's successor, Mr. George deB. Keim until April, 1885. Mr. Tavlor had previously determined to read law aud was registered as a student under the tuition of Mr, Gowen. In April, 1S85, when PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. RAILROADS, Etc. Mr. Gowen opened a law office, upon that gentleman's invitation Mr. Taylor left the service of the railroad company and took employ- ment under Mr. Gowen with the intention of completing his legal studies, but upon Mr. Gowen again becoming President of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company in January, 1S86, Mr. Taylor was elected Secretary of the Company. In February, 1887, Mr. Taylor was appointed Secretary of the Board of Reconstruction Trustees, and acted in that capacity until the duties of the trustees ended with the adoption of a plan of reorganization. Mr. Taylor was married in 1882 to Sarah T. Wilbraham, a daughter of the late James Wilbraham, and they have one child, a daughter. WILLIAM A. CHURCH William Augustus Church, the Treasurer of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company, was born at Albany, N. V., Feb- ruary 16, 1834. He is of English lineage, being a descendant in the seventh generation of Richard Church, one of the original set- tlers of Hartford, Connecticut, who came from England to that place in 1636. Hon. Sanford E. Church, the noted jurist, and Frederick E. Church, the well-known artist, are descended from the same progenitor. Mr. Church was very young when his father came to Philadelphia as agent for a large New York dry goods house, and he received his education here, principally under the tui- tion of his brother-in law, Dr. A. T. W. Wright, to whom the city of Philadelphia is largely indebted for the establishment of the Girls' Normal School. The Rev. Thos. K. Beecher was also at one time one of his instructors. But the greater part of his acquirements have been the result of reading and study since he began his busi- ness career. Mr. Church entered the service of the Philadelphia and Read- ing Railroad Company in June, 1S57, as one of the coal traffic accountants. He was some time afterwards made assistant to the Treasurer, and in 187 1 was appointed Assistant Treasurer, which position he held until 1884, when Treasurer Samuel Bradford, who had held the office about forty-six years, having retired because of advanced age, he was elected Treasurer of the company. Upon Mr. Corbin assuming control of affairs he was made Treasurer of the Coal and Iron Company, as well as of many of the affiliated companies. Mr. Church's association with the company has extended over the most interesting period of its history. When he first entered its employ the business of the general office was so small as to have ample accommodation upon one floor of the building at No. 227 South Fourth street, then but about one-third its present size, and the force consisted of but ten or twelve persons; while at the present time the large building, which is entirely occu- pied by the offices of the company, is not spacious enough for the employes engaged in the work of the general office, who num- ber at least six hundred ; and the miles of track controlled by the company have increased from a very moderate figure to a quantity well nigh sufficient to span the continent. The period of his ser- vice with the company covers the war of the Rebellion, with its large returns for the coal carriers (before and during which, as well as long after, the English firm of McCalmout Bros. & Co. held enough stock to virtually control the company); the presidencies of Mr. Cullen (who was sent out by the McCalmonts to protect their interests), Mr. Whitney, Mr. Smith, Mr. Gowen, Mr. Bond (during a contest), Mr. Keim, Mr. Corbin and Mr. McLeod, and the terms of the two receiverships with their almost interminable law proceedings. He has been with it through good and evil report, and now, by the building of the Terminal at Twelfth and Market streets, and the assertive yet conservative administration of the present discerning and able management, he believes a new era of prosperity has dawned upon the great corporation to whose interests he is devoted. Mr. Church has been connected with various boards and asso- ciations of a public and benevolent nature, but his duties not per- mitting him to give to them the time which he deemed necessary, he has severed his relations with most of them. The only connec- tions he now holds of such a nature being those of a Manager of the American Sunday School Union and one of its Committee of Publication, and the Presidency of the Board of Trustees of St. Stephen's Methodist Episcopal Church, of Germantown. Mr. Church married Miss Elizabeth Inskeep Barker, who is of English Quaker descent. They have four sous and a daughter. The latter is the wife of William Morris Longstreth. Two of the sons are married and arc engaged in business, the other two are students, the elder at the University of Pennsylvania and the younger at the Penn Charter School. CLINTON GILLINGHAM HANCOCK Clinton G. Hancock, General Passenger Agent oi the Philadel- phia and Reading Railroad system, was born in Philadelphia, November 18, 1845. His father, the late Samuel P. Hancock, was a member of a prominent and well-known Quaker family, whose settlement at Salem, New Jersey, antedated the arrival of William Penn and his colonists in this State. He was a highly respected citizen, having served as Comptroller of Philadelphia with honor and credit. Mr. C. G. Hancock was educated at the public schools of his native city, taking a two years course at the Central High School, and on August 12, 1S64, while in his nineteenth vear, he entered the employ of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company as clerk in the Freight Auditing Department, remaining in that position until July, 1869, when he was made General Ticket Agent, which title he held until July, 1879, in which year he was made General Passenger Agent as well, and has capably and accept- ably filled the position to the present time. Mr. Hancock is an indefatigable worker, conservative and methodical in his business habits, yet constantly on the alert to be up with the times in his branch of railroading, and his genial manners and pleasant bearing win for him not only the hearty co- operation of his subordinates but most agreeably impress those patrons of the road who have business relations with him, while Ins thorough knowledge of the details of his department insures him a respectful hearing when brought in contact with the able men who fill similar posts with the other great transportation companies at the frequent meetings of the Passenger Agents of the Trunk Lines of the country. HENRY K. NICHOLS Among those most active in directing the great undertakings of this busy age, there arc none who haveattained a more distinguished position in his special field of labor than Mr. Henry Kuhl Nichols, Chief Engineer of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad. This expert in engineering and railroad construction was born in Pottsville, Pa., August 24, 1S30, and is a descendant of an old and honored family. His father, Francis B. Nichols, was a mid- shipman during the war of 1812, and was attached to the historic frigate Chesapeake, commanded by Captain Lawrence, participating in the memorable encounter with the British frigate Shannon. His grandfather was General Francis Nichols, a gallant officer of the Revolutionary War, and his great-grandfather was Michael Hillegas, first Treasurer of the United States. At the age of sixteen years, Henry K. Nichols was appointed a cadet to the LTnited States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, but the sudden death of his father compelled a change in his plans, and on August 9, 1S47, ne began the study and work of engineering as rod-man on the extension of the Mill Creek Railroad to the New Boston coal fields in Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, and such was his aptitude for the work, and such a knowdedge of the science did he soon acquire, that he was made Assistant Engineer, which position he filled until the work was completed. On the 1st of January-, 1S50, he accepted the posi- tion of leveler on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad in Virginia, and continued in that service until the completion of the location of the line. During the winter of 1S50, 1851, he was leveler ou preliminary surveys for the Lebanon Valley Railroad Company ; and in Decem- ber of the year last mentioned he was Assistant Engineer in the enlargement of the Union Canal in Pennsylvania. In 1852, 1853, he was Assistant Engineer in laying out lateral railroads in Schuyl- kill county, Pennsylvania. And the following year was appointed to the same position in the construction of the North Eastern Rail- road of South Carolina. In 1855, 1S56, he again was engaged on lateral lines of rail- road in Schuylkill County. And in the spring of 1857 he was ap- pointed Principal Assistant Engineer by the Federal Government in the construction of the Fort Kearney and Honey Lake Wagon Road in Nebraska and California, which included the first prelin survev for a Pacific railroad to California. In 1859 he became Chief Engineer of lateral railroads in Schuylkill county, Pennsyl- vania. When they were leased by the Philadelphia and Reading Companv he became Resident Engineer from 1861 to 1883, when he was appointed Chief Road Master of that companv, and in March, 18S5, he was advanced to the position of Chief Engineer of the road, a position which he now fills with distinguished ability. 243 William R. Taylor William A. Churo Clinton G. Hancock Henry K. Nichols PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. RAILROADS, ETC. ALBERT FOSTER Albert Foster, Purchasing Agent of the Philadelphia and Read- ing Railroad, was born in Philadelphia, July 14, 1842. His parents were English, coming from Surrey and settling in Philadelphia shortly before his birth. He completed his schooling at the Law- reuceville Academy, Lawrenceville, N. J., and after a short interim entered the service of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Com- pany in October, 185S, working his way through the various grades of the accounting department until he was appointed chief clerk to the secretary and auditor, in which capacity he served for several years. About 1867 he was elected secretary of the numerous branch and lateral corporations controlled by the company. In 1871 he was engaged with Mr. Franklin B. Gowcn, then president, in the matter of the purchase of the large area of coal land acquired by the company, and in 1S72, when the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company was organized, was elected secretary of that corporation, which position he retained until January, 1883, when he was elected secretary of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Co. When the company's affairs were again placed in the hands of the Receivers in June, 1884, he was appointed as their secretary, acting in that capacity during the existence of the receivership. In January, 1SS8, the financial reorganization of the company being assured, he was appointed first register of the company, hav- among other duties the entire charge of the preparation and ex- changes of the various securities required in effecting the same, amounting to upwards of $125,000,000, and so accurately were his duties performed that Mr. Austin Corbin, then president of the company, in his annual report officially complimented his depart- ment upon the fact that this had been accomplished absolutely with- out an error. In October, 1890, President A. A. McLeod appointed Mr. Foster general purchasing agent of the entire system, a posi- tion of great responsibility and trust, involving the expenditure of many millions of dollars per annum. Mr. Foster is married to one of the daughters of Mr. Stephen Flanagan, a well known citizen of Philadelphia, largely engaged in shipping and building interests. DANIEL JONES Comptroller of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Com- pany, was born at Glenmore Manor, Kent county, Maryland, July 3, 1S46. His father. Daniel Jones, was born October 10, 1796, mar- ried November 27, 1S21, Catharine Tylden Ireland, and died April 23, 1865. Daniel Jones, St., was the son of Jacob Jones, Jr., and Elizabeth Gale, a daughter of Rasiu Gale and Martha Moore, who were married in 1756. Rasin Gale was the son of John Gale and the grandson of George Gale, who was born in 1670, in Kent county, England; came to Maryland in 1690, and died in August, 1712. Jacob Jones, Jr., was High Sheriff of Kent county, Maryland, in 1783, and was the son of Captain Jacob and Elizabeth Jones. His mother, Mrs. Catharine Tvldeu ( Ireland ) Jones, was born November 23, 1S04, died September 26, 1S5S. She was the daughter of John Ireland, who was born March 9, 1767, and married December 28, 1S01, Mary Tylden. John Ireland was the son of Joseph Ireland, who was born June 17, 1727, near Halifax, Yorkshire, England, settled in Shrewsbury Parish, Kent county, Maryland, and married July 10, 1761, Alethea Comegys, daughter of William and Ann Cosden Comegys. Mary Ireland was the daughter of Dr. William Bla%- Tylden, who was the sou of John and Catharine (Blay) Tylden. Mrs. Catharine (Blay) Tylden, who married July 27, 1722, John Tylden, was the daughter of Colonel William Blay, and his wife, Isabella Pearce, daughter of Judge William Pearce. Colonel William Blay was the son of Colonel Edward and Ann Blay, of Blay's Range, Kent county, Maryland. John Tylden was the sou of Charles Tylden, the second sou of Marmaduke Tylden, who was a very large land owner in Kent, perhaps the largest. He owned at one time, in 1709, 31,350 acres. Marmaduke Tylden was the son of Marmaduke, who was the sou of Sir William Tylden, of " Great Tyldens," Kent county, England. Mr. Jones received his education at the county schools and at Washington College, Kent county, Maryland. His first employ- ment was as a clerk in the service of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company, which he entered July 7, 1864. His promotion to his present position has been regularly through the intermediary grades. May 27, 1S67, he was appointed Joint Way-Bill Clerk ; May 2, 1S70, General Freight Clerk ; January 2, 1871, Assistant Auditor; November 1, 1871, Second Auditor; April 1, 1872, First Auditor; January 15, 1S73, Assistant Comptroller, and June 21, 1S81, to the position of Comptroller, which position he has since filled. Mr. Jones was married to Miss H. E. Rush on October 2, 1873, and has one child, William Rush Jones. FRANK G. ODENHEIMER Frank Gilliams Odenheimer, private secretary to President A. A. McLeod, of the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad, was born in Philadelphia, August 17, 1S56. He is of German descent on the paternal side and of English extraction on that of his mother, whose Southern blood accounts for the cordiality of his disposition and that genial warmth of manner which impresses so fa\. the people of "all sorts and conditions" with whom he is con- stantly brought in contact in the fulfilment of his duties. He received his education in the various grades of the public schools of his native city, and graduated with honor from the Cen- tral High School, after' which he entered the employ of J. B. Lip- pincott & Co., and later that of John Lucas & Co., the members of both of which firms he counts among his warmest friends. After leaving the employ of John Lucas & Co., he became secretary to George R. Kaercher, Esq., General Counsel of the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad, remaining as such until the appointment of Mr. McLeod as General Manager of the company when that gentleman made him his private secretary, and upon his election to the Presi- dency placed Mr. Odenheimer in the position now held bv him ; and every one who has business with his chief can bear witness to the good judgment shown in his selection as evidenced by his peculiar fitness for the delicate and responsible position he so capa- bly fills. Of course with the enormous amount of business requiring his attention it is out of the range of possibilities for President McLeod to see each and every one who calls and it is the business of the private secretary to see that his chiefs time is not consumed and frittered away by useless or unnecessary interviews. It is for him to decide, unless special arrangements have been made to the contrary, who shall or shall not see the president. He listens to what the caller has to say and at once makes up his mind whether the subject is one which demands the attention of the president, or should be referred to some department which has such matters in charge. All who come are received courteously, and their requests receive prompt and due attention. The subjects brought before him for decision are as varied as those wdiich fill the advertising pages of one of the great dailies. Some one enters and expresses a desire to exhibit to the president a patent device for coupling cars. An- other has a means of heating, which will do away with the life- destroying stove. Another has a patent platform which will insure immunity from danger in the event of a collision. Another has a fuel saving invention for the use of locomotives, and so on through the whole category of inventions applicable to railroad use. At the cud of the year the secretary becomes a perambulating patent office catalogue, which would make him valuable to the United States Government. Then some poor woman comes with her sad story of how her husband, son or some near relative has either been maimed, or lost his life in the performance of his duty. Now fol- lows a committee from some township that desires to have an extension of the line made through their district with the view of developing its resources. Then some large operator in coal or iron is anxious to consummate a deal in his specialty, which may reach into the millions. All these people are seen, their requests duly- heard aud promptly attended to, the major portion of them not requiring the attention of the president, but calling for the exercise of careful judgment on the part of the secretary. From this brief sketch one can readily sec that Mr. Odenheimer has but little spare time on his hands; but however busy he may be all callers are sure of a cordial reception and polite treatment, and whether successful in accomplishing the object of their visit or not they are impressed with the fact that he is possessed with an earnest desire to faithfully serve to the best of his ability his big and brainy chief, for whom he has a sincere and enthusiastic regard. CHARLES R. DEACON Charles Ridgway Deacon, Press Agent of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad and Secretary of the Clover Club of Philadelphia, was born January- 23, 1845. on a farm near Burlington, New Jersey, where his father was largely engaged in horticulture. His parents were members of promineut Quaker families and descended from the early English settlers of the State. Mr. Deacon was educated at Gummere's School, Burlington, Westtown Friends' School, near West Chester, Pa., and at the Dowingtown, Pennsylvania, Academy until his sixteenth year when he was apprenticed to the printer's trade at the office of the Saturday livening Post, then owned by Deacon & Peterson. Shortly after reaching his majority he was 245 Albert Foster Daniel Jones Frank G. Odenheimer Charles R. Deacon 246 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. R AI LRO ADS— STEAMSH I PS— R ESTAU R ANTS. employed in the office of the Public Ledger, but subsequently en gaged in the sewing machine business in Baltimore as general agent for the Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Company, remain- ing there until 1.S76, when he returned to the employ of Mr. Childs on the Ledger. Here he remained until [884, when he became busi- ness manager of the Daily News, but shortly afterwards withdrew and took the management of the American Biographical Publishing Company and completed the publication of a valuable work en- titled " Prominent Pennsylvanians. " Mr. Deacon has acted as correspondent for a number of prominent newspapers anil is a frequent contributor to the local journals. On October 1, t8oo, President McLeod of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad ap- pointed him press agent of that corporation, and he has since that time looked after the interests of the Company in connection with the press. Mr. Deacon has demonstrated his capacity for the work in which he is engaged by the manner in which the merits of the Reading Terminal were presented in the newspapers, as he had the entire handling of that matter after his connection with the road. He is in touch with all grades of newspaper workers and they are always glad to do him any reasonable favor. Mr. Deacon's long connection with the newspaper business has made him well known in Philadelphia, while his work as secretary of the Clover Club has brought him in contact with a great many prominent men from different parts of the country. Mr. Deacon married Virginia the youngest daughter of the late George Sturges, who was for many years connected with the Survey Department. They have two children, a son and a daughter, both nearly of age. AMERICAN LINE OF STEAMSHIPS This is the only line of trans-Atlantic steamships sailing under the American flag between Philadelphia and Liverpool (sailing weekly), and has gained a most excellent repul speed, comfort ami safety. The names of the steamers of the American I, in,- carrying saloon passengers are " < Ihio," " Lord Gough," " British Prince " and " British Princess," with the " Lord Clive " and "Indiana" carrying steerage passengers only ; 0110 of which is scheduled to sail each week between Philadelphia and Liverpool. They are first- cla^s in every respect ; are of 4,000 tons capacity, and "have their accommodations for cabin passengers, including saloons, state rooms, smoking rooms, bath rooms, etc., all amidships, on the upper deck, and forward of the engines and boilers, with a large promenade deck over all, separate and away from the crew and steerage passengers and everything of an objectionable character, an advantage in location as a whole possessed by no other trans- Atlantic line. The ventilation, in consequence of this most desirable location of the accommodations for saloon passengers, is perfect. There is au absence of the usual confined air and shippy smell, such as exists in most steamships where the accommodations for passengers are below the main deck. The attention to the comfort and well-being of those who sail by the American Line, owing to the moderate number of saloon passengers carried by each, is all that can be de- sired. The offices of the American Line in this city are at Nos. 305 and 307 Walnut street, the well-known firm of Pete'r Wright & Sons being the general agents. The company's other offices arc at Xo. 6 Bowling Green, New York, and No. 4 Sherman street, Chicago, where cabin plans, showing the location of the state rooms, sched- ules of sailing and rates of passage, can be had, and general informa- tion of interest to intending passengers obtained. REISSER'S Perhaps the best known and most popular place to refresh the inner mau and to drown care is Reisser's famous restaurant and cafe, on South Fifth street, between Chestnut and Market streets. This great establishment is essentially and distinctively a restaurant. It has no nationality, but its cooking is unique, and the visitor with the smallest purse can be accommodated, as well as the bon-vivant with a substantial roll. Everybody who is any- body in Philadelphia can be seen at Reisser's at some time of the day. Business men, bankers, merchants, lawyers, councilmen, politicians, news- paper men — all congregate with- in the hospitable walls of mine host Reisser ; and down in the Rathskeller, in the afternoons, can be seen men about town, and prominent actors, who im- bibe ice-cold beer out of quaint stone mugs imported from the Fatherland. The Rathskeller is the attraction of the place, it is purely German, fitted up in quaint style, with no counter and the beer being drawn from taps in the wall. The visitor could imagine himself in a bier- halle in Berlin, Dresden or Munich, so perfect is the repre- sentation. Mr. Reisser makes annual visits to Europe to watch the famous hostclries, with a view of introducing all new im- provements into his own estab- lishment. Reisser's, in fact, is the Delmonico's of Philadelphia, and it is worthy of that high classification. The genial pro- prietor and originator of this great establishment is Charles H. Reisser. He has been a Charles H. Reisser caterer of the good things of this life over thirty years. He has served an apprenticeship in some of the most famous hotels and restaurants in Europe, and he has been identified with the best cafes and inns in this country. His experience is in fact world-wide. In 1859 he was au apprentice in the English Hof, at Frankfort-on-the-Mam, then he was at the Hotel de la Metropole at Geneva, and then he graduated in cooking in Milan, Zurich, the Hotel de France at Nice, Mar- seilles, the Hotel Schweizerhof at Luzerne, the Hotel Beaumont at Lyons and the Hotel Beau Rivage at Ouch}-, on Lake Geneva. Mr. Reisser arrived iu New York in 1S66, full of expe- rience and ambition. His first position was at Bang's restau- rant, on Broadway, then he jumped to Delmonico's, and he afterwards gained his valuable American experience at the Maison-d'ore, the old Belvedere, the Hoffman House, the Gilsey House anil the Brunswick. In the Centennial year, 1S76, Mr. Reisser came to Philadelphia as cashier of Lauber's famous res- taurant on the same spot that his present large establishment now stand-,. In a year or two he became Mr. Lauber's partner, and on the latter's death he be- came sole proprietor. By his energy and tact he has gradually increased the business until it is second to none in the city. For cooling, refreshing drinks, for well cooked viands, and a hearty welcome from a genial host everybody goes to Reisser's. And as the poet says : "We can live without music, live without books. But a civilized man cannot live without cooks." 247 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. IRON HALL AND MUTUAL BANKING, SURETY AND TRUST COMPANY. IRON HALL The Order of the Iron Hall was organized March 2S, 1SS1, and is an incorporated co- operative fraternity offering pecuniary aid and protection to all acceptable white persons, by a method that is extremely simple, and at a cost that is so economical as to be within the reach of all. It occupies a field that is wholly original and its success has been phenomenal. Ten years ago it began with thirty charter members and to-day it has 63,000 subscribers and 1,335 branches. The home of the Order is at Iron Hall Building, Indianapolis, Indiana, but the business done in the east has so in- creased that a new building called the Iron Hall Temple is in course of erection on Broad street next to the Academy of Fine Arts. The new home of the corporation will be of the Gothic style of architecture, and from the second-story upwards, there will be a tower on the corner, as shown in the cut, to run the entire height of the building, surmounted with a copper vane, which gives a fine outlook down Broad street from the corner rooms. On the other corner is a smaller tower running to the roof. The building vs ill be fire-proof and will contain one hundred elegant offices, one entire floor for artists' studios, a number of lodge rooms, an auditorium seating 1,200 people, and splendid offices for the Mutual Banking and Trust Company. Every modern convenience and appliance will be used to render it one of the most perfect and ornamental build- ings in the city. The present offices of the Order are at No. 1317 Arch street. The Supreme Justice is F. D. Somerbv, of Indianapolis, and H. G. Williams is the Pennsylvania representative. The Order of the Iron Hall has prospered in the face of many obstacles and despite the bitter attacks of a host of enemies. But it has tri- umphed over all envy, hatred and malice, and it stands to-day on a strong and lasting foundation with a gross reserve fund at the end of 1S91 of $1,371,747.53, and last year the call on the reserve fund of one-seventh was not made for the reason that there was no need of the money. The Iron Hall has proved its useful- ness and its stability beyond all doubt. In many a home in this city light has been shed by its aid in the hour of deepest darkness. Mourning has been turned to joy and the fears of the widow that her children might want bread have been banished by the interven- tion of the brotherhood in which the dead husband trusted. Many a man has gone to his morning's work not knowing what might happen, but conscious that in case of accident thousands of his brothers would be aroused to stand by him, and if death came a nation within a nation would with one encircling hand shelter the lonely widow and succor the fatherless children. THE MUTUAL BANKING, SURETY, TRUST AND SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY The Mutual Banking, Surety, Trust and Safe Deposit Company of No. 13 1 7 Arch street is the direct outcome of the enormous growth of the Order of the Iron Hall. It was opened on January 7, 1S90, at No. 831 Arch street and removed to its present offices on January 1, 1891. The Company transacts a general banking, trust and surety business and makes a specialty, underits charter, of act- Iron Hall Temple ing as surety on bonds of the officers of fraternal associations.! The authorized capital is Ji, 000, 000. The banking department is open to all classes for business, and special attention is paid to society de- posits in the belief that fraternities and societies are greatly bene- fited by having their business transacted through an institution hav- ing a financial interest in its patrons. The plan of conducting the business is most conservative, and the bank has strengthened and extended its usefulness most rapidly under the able management of the President, Dr. D. G. Pancoast, and the Treasurer, J. Henry- Hayes When the new Iron Hall Temple is completed the Mutual Banking and Trust Company will move into palatial quarters in that building and then the business will develop to still greater proportions. Mr. Hayes, the Treasurer of the Bank, is Supreme Trustee of the Order of the Iron Hall and the greater part of the business of the Order in Philadelphia passes through his hands. Some idea of the magnitude of the business done can be found by the statement made by the Supreme Justice, F. D. Somerbv, at the seventh anniversary of Local Branch, No. 201, at Industrial Hall in September last. Mr. Somerbv said : " We have at the present time in Philadelphia, 5,827 mem- bers and 57 subordinate Branches, 35 Locals and 24 Sisterhoods. The amount of benefits drawn during the past ten and a half years by Philadelphia members is 1755,825.00, of which sum $2S3,SiS.oo represents claims for sickness and accident, and $471,507. 00 final benefits." As long as the Order of the Iron Hall flourishes so will the Mu- tual Banking, Surety, Trust and Safe Deposit Company prosper and extend its usefulness all over the State, 24S Born near Philadelphia, December 24, 1745 Physician Scientist Signer of the Declaration of Independence perhaps, in America was better known, more sincerely loveo, or helo in higher ADMIRATION a Died in 1813 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MEDICAL SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. ^•^**«=: '' X \ T is well said in the preface to this work that the City of Philadelphia stands pre-eminent in its medical schools and colleges. This truism is not the new growth of to-day, nor is it born of that feeling that is animating the minds and thoughts of its citizens and shaping its ends towards the new Philadelphia. Rather is it part of the life blood of the old city itself, which flowing uninterruptedly since its very birth, its pulsations tingling in every vein of the inhabitable globe, bequeath- ing each successive year its brilliant galaxy of perfected physicians to the tour corners ot the earth, that has stamped the City of Philadelphia as pre- eminent in its medical schools and colleges. There are in the Citv of Philadelphia seven different institutions for medical training: the University of Pennsylvania, Thirtv-sixth and Woodland avenue; the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, Tenth street, below Chestnut; the Hahnemann Medical College, North Broad street, near Race; the Medico-Chirurgical College of Philadelphia, Cherry street and Eighteenth ; the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania, Twenty-first and North College avenue; the Philadelphia Polyclinic and College for Graduates in Medicine, on Lombard street, near Eighteenth, and the Pennsylvania School of Anatomy and Surgery. In addition to these there are numerous hospitals and homes for the charitable care of the sick and the poor. The oldest in point of service is the Pennsylvania Hospital, organized in 1751 ; the Episcopal Hospital, Front street and Lehigh avenue ; the St. Joseph's Hospital, Seventeenth street and Girard avenue; St. Mary's, Frankford avenue and Palmer street; the Hospital of the University of Penn- sylvania, West Spruce street, between Thirty-fourth and Thirty-sixth ; the Howard Hospital and Infirmary for Incurables; the German Hospital, corner Girard and Corinthian avenues ; the German- town Hospital, Shoemaker's Lane, near Chew street, Germantown ; the Homoeopathic Hospital, Fifteenth street, near Race ; the Jefferson Medical College Hospital, on Sansom street; the Jewish Hospital Association, in the Twenty-third Ward ; the Presbyterian Hospital, on Thirty-ninth street, near Filbert, and the St. Agnes Hospital, on South Broad street. In addition to these there are special hospitals organized for special purposes, such as the Wills Eye Hospital, the Orthopedic Hospital and Infirmary for Nervous Diseases, the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, the House for Con- sumption, the House for Incurables, the Friends' Asylum for the Insane, the Woman's Hospital, the Charity Hospital of Philadelphia, the Preston Retreat, the Lying-in Charity and Nurse School, the Maternity Hospital, the Pennsylvania Homoeopathic Hospital, the Children's Hospital, the Hospital of the Good Shepherd for Children, the Pennsylvania Training School for Feeble Minded Children, and the St. Christopher's Hospital for Children. The Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania is the pride of the State. Through the careful guidance and executive ability of Dr. William Pepper, it is known to-day in every land where the English language is spoken. This venerable institution, the oldest of its class in the United States, was founded in 1765 by Dr. John Morgan, who filled in it the first medical professor- ship created in America. To Dr. Morgan was soon joined Dr. William Shippen as Professor of Anatomy and Surgery. In the next year Dr. Adam Kuhn was added as Professor of Botany and Materia Medica, and in June, 1768, a " Commencement was held " at which medical honors were bestowed, the first in point of time in America. In 1769 Dr. Benjamin Rush was elected Professor of Chemistry and Dr. Thomas Bond of Clinical Medicine. To the faculty thus composed of Morgan, Shippen, Kuhn, Rush and Bond have succeeded at various times professors whose reputations have been national, such as Barton, Wistar, Chapman, Physick, Dewees, Horner, Hare, Gibson, Jackson, Wood, Hodge, Rodgers, Carson, the elder Pepper, Francis Gurney, Smith Neil, and Henry H. Smith. The number of its graduates up to the last report is ten thousand, two hundred and thirty-six. To the General Department of Medicine is added the Auxiliary Department, whose faculty supplements the customary winter course of medical instruction by lecture or branch of science essential to the thorough education of the physician. This course is essentially post graduate. To the Medical Department is also added one of the best equipped hospitals in the United States, situated on a plot of ground between Thirty-fourth and Thirty-sixth streets and Spruce and Pine streets, given by the city to the University of Pennsylvania. Next in point of years, but co-equal in reputation, comes the Jefferson, formerly the Washington and Jefferson, now known famil- iarly by its matriculators in all portions of the world as "Jeff." There is no college in the world which has sent forth so many brilliant and successful medical men as the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. Its Gross, its DaCosta, its Keen, its Hare et al. , are all products of the Tenth street institution. To name the brilliant array of successful practitioners who have made themselves a name and have forced a recognition of their individuality would take up far more pages than this book contains. The Hahnemann Medical College comes next in order. Its " Similia Similibus Curantur " is known in every house. A history of its success will be found on another page. The Philadelphia Polyclinic and College for Graduates in Medicine, as its name implies, was organized as an institution for giving advanced instruction in medicine and surgery. It was chartered March 19, 1SS3. The first Board of Trustees consisted of the following gentlemen : R. J. Levis, M. D., President ; Henry Leffman, M. D., Treasurer ; John B. Roberts, M. D., Secretary ; J. Solis Cohen, M. D., Thos. G. Morton, M. D., Chas. K. Mills, M. D., and Geo. C. Harlan, M. D. The first pupil matriculated March 26, 1883. To-day the College Department consists of twenty-three separate divisions, and, as its last report shows, eighty-eight pupil physicians attended the department during the year. Its present college and hospital is located on Lombard street, between Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets. It is specially built to meet the requirements of combining in one institution all of the peculiar advantages to be derived from those hospitals which are devoted to the treatment of a single class of diseases, known as special hospitals, and is specially arranged to facilitate carrying out the essential character of practical teaching, in which pupils who are practitioners of medicine may be brought in classes into direct contact with the patients. Following may be found short biographical sketches of the leading graduates of ea.ch of the above named institutions, and a record is thus made that should be a pride to every public spirited citizen. 250 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MEDICAL SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA The University of Pennsylvania is the outgrowth of the wise solicitude of Benjamin Franklin for the promotion of education in a rapidly growing province. In 1743 he published an outline of his plan, but it was not until 1749 when funds were collected and a Board of Trustees created to establish "The Academy and Charitable School of the province of Pennsylvania." This was duly chartered by Thomas and Richard Penn. Three schools, the English, Latin and Mathematical were established, with a free primary school open to both sexes. The enterprise was extended by an amendment of the charter in 1755 under the title of "The Trustees of the College, Academy and Charity School of Philadelphia." The institution soon became generally known as the College of Philadelphia, and regularly conferred degrees. The first Provost was the Rev. William Smith, D. D., to whose ripe scholarship, advanced educational ideas and strong character much of the success of the college was due. The first commence- ment was held on May 17, 1757, when seven graduates received the degree of Bachelor of Arts. The college was first located on Fourth street, below Mulberry, in a building erected as a preaching place subsequently endowed the " Towne Scientific School " for the crea- tion of a new scientific department, parallel to a great extent with the old Art course, and leading to a degree of Bachelor of Science, followed by special technical degrees in chemistry and various branches of engineering. Charles Lenuig added to the importance of this department by an endowment almost equal to Mr. Towne's. In 1S81 Joseph Wharton endowed a new course called the Wharton School of Finance and Economy, and a distinct school has grown fmm this course, that of American History, which has an historical library unique in its collections of Colonial and State laws and works on Finance and Political Economy, and known as the Wharton School Library. A department of Biology was established in by the munificence of Dr. Horace Jayne, and provided with every facility for the practical study of natural history. All these out- growths of the original department of Arts were consolidated with the College Department, in which arts, science, finance, architec- ture, music and natural history are represented by distinct courses leading to appropriate degrees. The Medical Department is that w hich has gained the University its widest fame, and is referred to in the introduction to medicine on opposite page. Closely allied to the Medical are the Dental and Veterinary Departments. Then there are the Department of Law, the Department of Philoso- phy, to which the graduates of other departments come for post- graduate study and research, the I >e] lartment of Physical Culture, the University Athletic Asso- ciation, and a splendid library which has a fitting casket in a magnificent new building which cost over $200,000. In addition to the regular departments are numerous aux- iliary organizations, such as the Museum of Archeology and Palaeontology, with an Archeo- logical Association ; the L'ni- versity Lecture Association and the University Extension move- ment, the Nurses' School and Home attached to the Hospital, and the Laboratory of Marine Biology. All these together make up the University', which not only depends upon but rep- resents Philadelphia's best men in all the generations of the last century and a half, and deserves the just pride and hearty good will of every citizen who has at heart the fame and prosperity of the city and the State. for the celebrated Whitfield. In 1763 there were 400 students and an additional building had to be erected. Then the institution had to go through a period of tribulation and to struggle against finan- cial and denominational troubles. In 1779 the Legislature escheated the property of the college and endowed a new corporation, " The LTniversity of the State of Pennsylvania," the result being that two rival organizations struggled for existence until, in 1791, they wisely consolidated under the title of " The L'niversity of Pennsylvania." Thus re-constructed the University outgrew its accommodations on Fourth street, and in 1S00 it purchased the property on Ninth street, from Market to Chestnut (on which site the present post- office now stands). The purchase money was 541,650, and iu 1874 the Government paid $500,000 for a part of the land. Iu 1829 a fine college building and medical hall were erected with a broad campus between, and for nearly half a century the college increased rapidly in importance and numbers. In 1873 another move was necessary, and a lot of ground was acquired in West Philadelphia, where extensive buildings were erected to accommodate the hun- dreds of students. From time to time, partly by donations and partly by direct purchase, other plots were added, until now the college owns forty acres of land which is largely occupied by handsome University buildings which are the pride and glory of Philadelphia. The original college was to teach the liberal arts, and its curricu- lum was the old and well approved one in classics, mathematics and philosophy, broadened as the increase of knowledge required, but essentially the same throughout the world. John Henry Towne THE JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL This famous institution is about rounding up its three score years and ten with more than the vigor of its youth. It has about ten thousand graduates, many of whom have been conspicuous as doctors and teachers in all parts of the world. Its present teaching corps, including its dispensary staff, numbers one hundred and ten, and in its faculty at present are J. M. Da Costa, Roberts Bartholow, Henry C. Chapman, John H. Brintou, Theophilus Paryin, James W. Holland, William S. Forbes, William W. Keen, Morris Long- streth, H. A. Hare, William Thomson, and J. Solis Cohen. The college buildings are situated on Tenth street between Chestnut and Walnut, and Sansom street between Tenth and Eleventh, and consist of the Medical Hall, the Laboratory Building, and the Jefferson Medical College Hospital. The Medical Hall, which is the original college building, con- tains two spacious and well-arranged lecture rooms. In respect to seating capacity, acoustic properties, light and ventilation, these rooms are admirably suited to their purpose. This building con- tains, also, a very large and well-ventilated dissecting room, pro- vided with ample light, water, and all other conveniences for the study of practical anatomy ; and the laboratories of pharmacy and experimental therapeutics, of obstetrics and gynaecology, and of pathological histology and anatomy, which are commodious, bril- liantly lighted with electricity and completely equipped with the appliances required for work iu these departments. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. The Museum. — Founded more than half a century ago, the Museum has grown with the college, and has annually increased in the n nmber and variety of its specimens illustrating the normal and morbid anatomy of every part of the human body. The Museum contains the extensive and valuable collection of the late Professor S. D. Gross, M. D., which was formed by him during his long career in surgical practice. It occupies a distinct and capacious apartment in the college building, and is open daily, throughout the session, to matriculated students. The Laboratory building is immediately adjacent to the Medical hall, and contains the laboratories of chemistry, of physiology and normal histology, and of operative and minor surgery, the Dean's office and Faculty room. The laboratories are capacious, well- lighted by electricit}- and completely arranged for the purposes to which they are applied. The Hospital of the Jefferson Medical College is situated im- mediately west of the college, fronting on Sansom street, and is bounded on three sides by streets, and by a wide private passage way on the fourth side. In connection with the hospital is the out- patient or dispensary department of the college, which furnishes valuable material for clinical instruction. The amphitheatre for clinical lectures is one of the largest and most convenient in the United States. The most approved appliances for heating and ventilating have been provided, and, in architectural construction, and all desirable conveniences, this hospital is at least equal to any American clinical hospital. JOSHUA G. ALLEN, M. D. The years covering the decade from 1830 to 1S40 have produced many noted physicians, and among those who were born within that period may be mentioned as deserving more than passing notice, Joshua G. Allen, M. D. He was born in Marple township, Delaware county, Pennsylvania, on April 23, 1832. On the maternal side (the Jacobs) of good old Quaker stock whose ancestor was a friend and companion of Wm. Peun, and is the son of George B. Allen, also of Quaker lineage with a sprinkling of Huguenot blood. Dr. Allen's earlier education was received from the Quaker schools of West-town, Penna. Afterwards entering the University of Pennsylvania, from which he graduated in March, 1856. For thirty years Dr. Allen has been connected with that worthy insti- tution, the Philadelphia Lying-in-Charity and Nurses' Training School. As a teacher he is probably more widely known than as a practitioner ; he having the largest classes of any teacher in Obstet- rics, almost without exception, in the city. His private practice is devoted almost exclusively to that of consulting surgeon, with special leaning towards Orthopaedic surgery. Among the most notable operations he has performed in his long career is that of transfusion of blood ; he being the first to successfully perform that operation in this country. He has repeated it a number of times since then with unvarying success. Dr. Allen is one of the original members of the Obstetrical Society of this city, and is a member of the American Medical Association as well as the County Medical Society. He has written a number of articles to the different medi- cal journals and has the satisfaction of knowing that among his students are some of the most eminent surgeons in the country. WILMER R. BATT, M. D. Wilmer R. Batt, M. D., was born in Chester county, Pa., March 12, 1859, the son of Charles Batt, a prosperous farmer of that sec- tion. After graduating from the Phoenixville High School he entered the Tremont Seminary at Norristown. From there he went to the Armstrong Academy of Western Pennsylvania. In his twenty-second year he matriculated at the University of Pennsyl- vania, Medical department, from whence he graduated after a three years course, in May, 1884. Since receiving his diploma his suc- cesses have been continuous and uninterrupted. Shortly after graduating he was appointed District Physician for the Board of Charities and Correction for the Twenty-ninth ward. He also served as Vaccine Physician of the Board of Health for the Four- teenth and Fifteenth wards. He is Assistant Surgeon, Battery A, of the First Brigade, and Major and Surgeon of the Third Regiment, Pennsylvania State Militia. He is also Surgeon to the Charity Hospital of Philadel- phia, member of the County Medical and Northwestern Medical Societies. He served as Resident Physician to the Maternity Hos- pital, also in Dispensary of Children's Hospital. Dr. Batt has been a frequent contributor to the medical and lay journals. His article on Calotomy was awarded the Alumni Prize of the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania. It afterwards appeared in the American Journal of Medical Science, and the statistics embraced in it were used by Dr. Ashurst in the American Cyclopedia of Surgery. Whilst abroad, in 1884, attending the International Medical Con- gress at Copenhagen, he made a careful study of cholera, which was then epidemic in the south of France. This he embraced in a series of letters which were published in the papers of this country. Dr. Batt married Miss Charlotte, daughter of Thomas P. Walker, of Montgomery county, Pa. His practice is a general one and his clientele contains the names of some of Philadelphia's best citizens in the northwestern section. LOUIS G. BAUER, M. D. Louis G. Bauer, M. D., is the son of Dr. Frederick Bauer, a celebrated German physician. He was born in Germany April 19, 1846. His father, Dr. Frederick Bauer, gave him all the advan- tages of a good classical education. In his tenth year he was placed in charge of a private tutor, and for the next succeeding five years spent his time in study and travel. Returning home in his fifteenth year it was decided to have him continue the profession of his father. Before doing so and to broaden his mind and character he was sent on a visit to this country. His visit has continued until the present day. Settling in Philadelphia he entered the drug busi- ness, and in 1S65 formed a partnership and opened a store at the corner of Eighth and Poplar streets. He afterwards moved to his present location. In 1866 he married the youngest daughter of the late Rev. Dr. Demme, an eminent divine and a much loved pastor of the Zion Lutheran Church. He has two sons, the elder, Dr. L. Demme Bauer, and the younger, Edward J., now in his academic year at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1868 Dr. Louis G. Bauer entered the University of Pennsylvania, Medi- cal Department, and graduated in 1872. He is also a graduate of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. He is a member of the Northern Medical Society, the American Pharmaceutical Associa- tion, the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and an elder in the Zion Lutheran Church for the past ten years. He takes an active interest in the different beneficial and secret societies of which he is a member. He is a Past Master of Columbia Lodge, No. 91, of Masons, and also Harmony Chapter, No. 52 ; he is Past Noble Grand of the Order of Odd Fellows, and Past Chief Patriarch Har- rison Encampment Minerva Lodge, I. O. of O. F. THOMAS HEWSON BRADFORD, M. D. There are but few men in Philadelphia who can boast of such a lineage as Dr. Thomas Hewson Bradford. For seven generations the name has been brought down untarnished and unsullied and is now borne by the subject of this sketch with credit and honor. No epoch in the history of Philadelphia is complete without mention of one or the other of this notable family. In the Roster of the Sons of the Revolution, of which honorable body he is a prominent member, Dr. Bradford is noted as the great-great-grandson of Colonel William Bradford, of the Pennsylvania Militia and Chair- man of the Naval Board, whose son, Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Bradford, was Deputy Commissary of Prisoners in the Continental Army. On the maternal side the great-grandson of Samuel Cald- well, of the Philadelphia Troop of Light Horse and Paymaster Con- tinental Army, and also on the Bradford side the great-grandson of Captain John Inskeep, of the New Jersey Militia, and Commissary of Issues of New Jersey and Mayor of Philadelphia in 1800, 1S04 and 1805. Dr. James H. Bradford, the father of Thomas Hewson, was born in Philadelphia, November, 1S02, and passed some years of his life in Canton, China, first as Resident Physician and later as organizer and chief of the Hospital for American residents. The medical strain in this remarkable family may be readily traced to Dr. Thomas T. Hewson, the grand-uncle of Thomas Hewson Brad- ford and son of William Hewson, the celebrated anatomist and physiologist, who was a cotemporary of John and William Hunter, England's most distinguished surgeons of the last century. Dr. Bradford was born July 16th, 1S48, in this city and graduated in medicine at the Jefferson Medical College in 1S71. He was an office student of Dr. Addinell Hewson from whom he received a valuable training. Since graduating he has occupied many im- portant positions in the medical world. Shortly after graduating he was appointed Resident Physician at the Pennsylvania Hospital, continuing until October, 1S76. He was District Physician, Phila- delphia Dispensary, for three years ; Physician to the Department of PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. Diseases of Women, Howard Hospital ; Gynaecological Out-Patient Department, Pennsylvania Hospital, and Dispensary staff of the Children's Hospital. He is a Fellow, College of Physicians <>f Phila- delphia ; member of the Obstetrical Society of Philadelphia, Phila- delphia County Medical Society; Medical Society State of Penn- sylvania; member of Historical Society State of Pennsylvania; Academy of Natural Sciences, and a member of the Pennsylvania Society, Sons of the Revolution. LEWIS BRINTON, M. D. The name of Brinton is closely allied with the history of medi- cine in this city. Among the younger members of this celebrated family may be found Dr. Lewis Brinton. He was born October nth, 1861, in Delaware county, Pennsylvania. His father, Frede- ric C. Brinton, being one of the largest land owners of that section. Lewis Brinton, the subject of this sketch, began his education at Hunter Worrell's Academy at West Chester, after which he entered Swarthmore College where he received the finishing touches to his classical education. Taking the cue from his uncle, Professor D. G. Brinton, of the L T niversity of Pennsylvania, and wishing to emulate his ex- ample to the best of his ability, the younger Brinton prepared himself for a medical training. He entered the Jefferson Medi- cal College of this city in 1S79, and after a three years course he received his diploma. Thus equipped with all that the law required for the practice of medicine, Dr. Brinton entered upon a career which although just opening, bids fair to per- petuate the name unsullied and untarnished. After gradu- ating he took special courses in different branches allied to nervous diseases. Receiving the appointment of Resident Physician at the Howard Hos- pital in this city, he filled it with credit for one year. He was then elected Visiting Phy- sician to the Nervous Depart- ment of the Howard Hospital and to the Medical Department of the Charity Hospital. He was also appointed Assistant to the Nervous Department of the Polyclinic, which position he held for three years. His other appointments were as First Assistant in the Medical Department of his Alma Mater, Jefferson College Hospital ; and afterwards occupying the position of Chief of the Medical Clinic ; also elected Therapeutist at the Orthopedic Hospital and Infirmary for Nervous I )iseases. He is a member of the Philadelphia Neurological Society, and for two years its Recording Secretary ; also, a member of the County Medical Society ; Pennsylvania State Medical Society ; the J. M. Da Costa Medical Society of Philadelphia. A fellow of the College of Physi- cians. He is Secretary of the Executive Committee of the Alumni Association of Jefferson College. Dr. Brinton has contributed not a few articles to the different medical journals. recovering he was appointed 111 the recruiting service at the First District Provost Marshal's office in this city, which duties lie ful- filled until the close of the war. He was instrumental in sending to the front between two and three thousand men. At the cfosc of the war he was appointed to a clerkship in the Pen where he served until he was transferred to the revenui Vcting Internal Revenue Collector for the First District of revenue. During this time he began the study of medicine in his leisure moments. He matriculated at the Jefferson Medical College in 1N67. gradu- ating in 1870. He was Demonstrator of Anatomy for live \ 1 the Philadelphia School of Anatomy, then under the guidance of Professor U. L'. Keen, through whose instruction he became quite proficient as an anatomist. As a consequence his early years were marked by numerous successful operations. Dr. Buckby owes his present successful practice entirely to his own exertions. The small-pox epidemic breaking out at the time of his entering the medical world, gave him an opportunity of at once jumping into an active professional life. In 18S5 he was obliged to relinquish his business owing to an accident received during a sur- gical operation which proved an attack of pyemia. On his recovery he went to Europe, traveling through England, Ireland, Scotland, Holland, France and German v, and visiting all the hospitals and colleges of those countries. Returning fully recovered he at once entered the field again, and has been in continuous practice ever since. He married Miss Jennie Wilson Breese, daughter of James Breese, of Buckingham, Bucks count}', Pa., by whom he had four children — three daughters and a son. He is a prominent mem- ber of the Masonic Order, is active at the council of the County Medical Society and also the Medical Legal Club. His contributions to the medi- cal journals are numerous and have attracted much favorable notice. Lewis Brinton WILLIAM BUCKBY, M. D. William Buckby was born on January 16, 1843, at Belmont, Ohio. His father, originally a Philadelphiau, emigrated to Ohio in 1829, but shortly after the birth of his son William he returned to the citv, which he made his home. Young Buckby received private instructions and afterward entered the public schools of the city. In his seventeenth year, although a mere boy, he enlisted in the army, joining Company I, 95th Regiment Volunteers. He served with his regiment for two years until, at Gaines' Mill, he received a wound which compelled him to leave the field. After CHAS. E. CADWALADER, M.D. There is scarcely any name more closely connected with the social and political history of Philadelphia than that of Cadvvalader. Claypole writes that five vessels sailed for America, two from London, two from the British possessions and one from Wales. Dr. Edward Jones had charge of the Welsh Colony, arriving in the Schuyl- kill in August, and Penn following two months later. This Dr. Jones was the grandfather of John Cadwalader I 1697) who was a Judge of the Court, member of the Assembly and a member of Council. John Cadwalader's son, Dr. Thomas Cadwalader, was Director of Military Hospitals ; one of the founders of the Penn- sylvania Hospital ; one of the original Trustees of University of Pennsylvania, and first Vice-President of the American Philoso- phical Society. In the absence of Franklin in Europe during the French war, he was honored with the appointment of presiding officer of the Governor's Council to take action on Brail. 1 defeat. Dr. Thomas Cadwalader was identified with all the move- ments of the day. His son, John, was a General officer of the Revolution. Thomas, a son of John, was the General Cadwalader of the War of 1812, and is the grandfather of Dr. Chas. E. Cadwalader, the subject of the present sketch. He was born in this city November 6, 1839; his father, John, being a brother of General George Cadwalader, favorite of the Phila- delphia militia, and himself a Judge of the United States District Court. Dr. Cadwalader graduated from the Academic Department of the University of Pennsylvania, in 1858, and from the Medical Department in 1861. He was for a time, about eight years, clerk of PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. bankruptcy in the United States District Court, after which he practiced his profession and has been continuously at it ever since. He Has been connected with numerous hospitals and homes and for a long time was connected with the Philadelphia Dispensary. He has taken an active interest in reform politics ; although Democra- tic in principles he believes in furthering the interests of the cleanest and best men irrespective of their party affiliations. He was one of the framers and most ardent supporters of the new City Charter, and also a member of the Committee to organize the Pan-American Congress. He is also identified with a number of the medical societies, more particularly the County Society, the American Medi- cal Association, and is also a Fellow of the College of Physicians as well as a member of the Mutual Aid Association. His brother, John Cadwalader, served as Collector of the Port under the Cleveland administration. JOHN H. W. CHESTNUT, M.D. The northeastern section of the city is different from almost any other section. It is a city of itself, although included in and part of the city proper. It has its theaters, its shops, its churches, and its doctors. There is no one that is better known among the latter than the subject of this sketch. Honest, hard working, con- scientious, he has gathered about him a large clientage, who repose entire confidence in his skill. His whole life has been spent among them. He was born in this city, November iS, 1848, his father, James Chestnut, being a well known manufacturer. From the public schools he was sent to the Boys' Central High School, until his medical education began. In 1867, then in his nineteenth year, he matriculated at the University of Pennsyl- vania, graduating in 1871. He immediately jumped into harness and began building up a practice which to-day is considered the largest in his section. He devotes his energies more particularly to gynecology and general surgery, with a special drift toward the alleviating of the diseases of women. Many and important are the cases he has reported to the different societies of which he is a member and which have appeared in the different medical journals. He is a member of the Philadelphia County Medical Society, the Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania, and also of the American Medical Association. His wife, Linda, is the daughter of Christian Faunce, Esq., of Kensington. He is the father of five children. HILARY M. CHRISTIAN, M.D. Hilary M. Christian, M. D., is one of the most active and suc- cessful physicians of the old school in the southern section of the city. Although young in years his popularity among his patients may well be envied by practitioners much older than he. He is a native of this city and was born in July, 1857. His father, also a Philadelphian, was a prominent business man, and until his death showered upon young Christian all the benefits that money could secure in giving him a splendid education. After a preliminary study of the rudiments of the preparatory branches he was sent to the Philadelphia High School. From thence he was placed in the Academy of the Protestant Episcopal Church, Broad and Locust streets, from which he graduated. Entering the University of Pennsylvania, he remained in the Arts department until his senior year. Owing to the death of his father, which occurred at this time, iic was forced temporarily to relinquish his studies. Shortly after- ward he returned to the University of Pennsylvania, and entering the Medical Department from which he graduated in 1SS2. Not satisfied yet was his craving for learning ; he sought and obtained the position of Resident Physician at the Germantown Hospital, which he held for a period of one year. After this he held a posi- tion for a short time in the Episcopal Hospital, Front and Lehigh ave. His private practice encroaching upon the time devoted to his public duties forced him to relinquish much of his charitable work. Coming to the southern portion of the city he paid special attention to building up his private practice which, after a short period of eight years, has grown to be a very lucrative one. Dr. Christian at present occupies the position of Surgeon-iu-charge of the Genito-Uriuary Department at the Dispensary attached to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. He is also Medical Examiner of the Royal Arcanum of this city, of which order he is a very prominent and active member. He is also a member of the County Medical Society. RICHARD ALSOP CLEEMAN, M.D. Richard Alsop Cleemau, M. D., was born in this city, on the twenty-second of February, 1840. His earl}- education was ob- tained from the private schools of Philadelphia ; entering after- ward the University of Pennsylvania, from which institution he received the degrees of A. B. in 1S59, A. M. and M. D. in 1862. Immediately after graduating in medicine Dr. Cleemann was ap- pointed resident physician in the hospital of the Protestant Episco- pal Church of Philadelphia. He served as acting assistant surgeon in the United States army from July, 1S62, to September, 1S64, and was also physician to the St. Mary's Hospital for several years. He was appointed a member of the Board of Health of this city in 1S7S, the duticsof which position he performed until 1SS7, at which time he resigned upon being appointed one of the Board of Directors of Charities and Correction under the new city charter, which went into effect in that year. This office he still retains. During all these years Dr. Cleemann practiced industriously his profession. Besides being a member of the County Medical and Pathologi- cal Societies, he occupied the position of secretary of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia from 1S79 until 18S5. " e was presi- dent of the Obstetrical Society of this city from 1S82 till 18S4, and also was one of the secretaries of the International Medical Con- gress of 1876. He contributed for many years the reports on me- teorology and epidemics to the College of Physicians, and also con- tributed numerous papers to the Bulletin of the National Board of Health during the existence of that body. Dr. Cleemann has also been a voluminous writer and contribu- tor of numerous papers to the societies of which he was a member, chiefly on subjects pertaining to obstetrics, public health, and hygi- ene, of which branches he has made a special study. Dr. Cleemann at present occupies the position of one of the managers of the University Hospital, and also of the Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind. Beside his activity in public affairs, he has established one of the largest private practices in the city. ROLAND GIDEON CURTIN, M.D. Roland G. Curtin, M. D., Ph. D., lecturer on physical diagnosis in the University of Pennsylvania was born in Bellefonte, Centre county, October 29, 1839. He is a son of Dr. Constans Curtin, a surgeon in the Royal Navy, and a nephew of Roland Curtin, the father of ex-Governor Andrew G. Curtin. He spent his boyhood at his home in Bellefonte, and at the age of sixteen entered the Scientific department of \\ illiston Seminary, Northampton, Massa- chusetts, from which he graduated in the spring of 1S59. After spending nearly two years in the mercantile business he was appointed United States Naval Storekeeper and served as such dur- ing the civil war, in the meanwhile attending lectures at the Medi- cal department of the University of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in 1S66. He then spent some time in Europe, visit- ing the principal hospitals in Great Britain and the Continent, and on his return joined the United States geological expedition under Professor F. V. Haydeu to the Rocky Mountains. It was not until 1869 that he settled permanently in Philadelphia and began the pro- fessional career which has culminated in a marked success. For eleven years Dr. Curtin was assistant physician at the Philadelphia Lying-in-Charity, for ten years he was chief of the Medical Dispensary of the University Hospital, and for six years was the physician of the Throat and Chest Department of the Howard Hospital. He is now president of the Medical Board of the Philadelphia Hospital and a member of the medical staff of the University, Presbyterian and Rush Hospitals. He is also a mem- ber of all the leading medical societies ; a Fellow of the College of Physicians, and is vice-president of the American Climatological Association. He is also a member of numerous organizations not directly connected with his profession, among which we may mention the Connecticut Society of the Sons of the Revolution, the New England Scotch-Irish Societies, Fairmount Park Associa- tion, Grand Army of the Republic, the Masonic Fraternity, 1 thirty- second degree) aud the Civil Service Board under Mayors Fitler and Stuart. For fourteen years Dr. Curtin has been the lecturer on Physical Diagnosis in the University of Pennsylvania, which has conferred upon him the degree of Ph. D., and though he has not found time as yet to write an elaborate work he has recorded some of the results of his varied investigations and experience in im- portant papers contributed to medical and scientific journals. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. A. HAMILTON DEEKENS. M. D. A. Hamilton Deekens, M. D., was born at Kirby Park, England, in 1S61, and although a young man, has already obtained the respect and confidence of the public and his fellow practitioners. His father, Francis Augustus, obtained considerable notoriety from the newspapers of the country for his essay upon " The Three American Railways." The younger Deekens, the subject of the present sketch, left home some ten years ago to study civil engineering, and was for three years connected with the Engineering Depart- ment of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. But showing a marked taste for the medical profession, he decided to resign his position from the company's employ and entered the- Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania. After graduating from the University of Pennsylvania he was appointed Resident Physician at the St. Marv's Hospital, a position which he held for one year. He is at present one of the assistants on the surgical staff at the Kensington Hospital for Women, and also Assistant Gynaecologist at the Northern Dispensary. He is also attending physician to the latter institution. Dr. Deekens is a member of the Northern Medical Society, and also a member of the Medico-Legal Society, as well as the D. Haves Agnew Surgical Society. He has contributed many important articles to the " Medical and Surgical Reporter," princi- pally of cases that came under his personal notice. Four years ago Dr. Deekens married a daughter of the Rev. Dr. Ballard, of Ocean Grove. His practice is as yet a general one, but his leanings are toward the specialties of gynaecology and ophthalmology. GEORGE BENSON DUNM1RE, M.D. Was born Ma)-, 1837, in McVeytown, Mifflin county, Pa. He is the son of Gabriel Dunmire, of McVeytown. His mother, Ann Duumire, was also of McVeytown, Pa. He enlisted as a private in the 125th Pennsylvania Regiment August, 1862, and took part in the following engagements, viz., Antietam, South Mountain and Chancellorsville. Was mustered out at Harrisburg, Pa., at the end of nine months. Re-entered the service as lieutenant July, 1863, and served three months. He came to Philadelphia and graduated from the Jefferson Medical College in March, 1S65. Commenced to practice in Chambcrsburg, Pa., being at the time contract surgeon in the ser- vice of the United States, afterwards detailed to hospital service. Commenced practice in Philadelphia April, 1865, at 133 North Seventh street, removed to 1116, thence to 1225 Arch street, where he now resides. His start in life depended on his own exertions to pass successfullv through college. Was in Philadelphia dispensary as visiting physician for six years. Member of Philadelphia County Medical Society, serving as vice-president. One of the organizers of Mutual Aid Association of the Philadelphia County Medical Society and elected treasurer in 1S82, which position he still retains. Mem- ber Obstetrical Societv of Philadelphia, Pathological Society, and American Medical Association. Was delegate to International Med- ical Congress held in Washington, D. C, in 1886. Treasurer Medi- cal Society of Penns\dvania. Connected with various religious in- stitutions, being a prominent member of the Arch Street M. E. Church. Was formerly president of the Board of Trustees M. E. L^nion Church, Fourth street, below Arch. Prominent member George G. Meade Post, No. 1, G. A. R., and is at present surgeon to the Post. Has written an essay on R'us Toxicondendron, which was read before the Philadelphia County Medical Societv. His thesis on graduation was upon the subject " Gunshot Wounds." Married to Elizabeth Caldwell, of Kansas. Her brother, Hon. Alexander Caldwell, represented Kansas in the United States Senate some years ago. She died about ten years ago. Was afterwards united in marriage to May Melick, of Harrisburg, Pa., whose father is a prominent minister of that city. He is the author of a valuable paper entitled, "The Deadly Spur (Secale Cornutum) in Labor." HENRY EDWIN DW1GHT, M.D. There are but few men in this city who have had more worthily showered upon them steadfast friendships and earned honors, than the Rev. Doctor Henry Edwin Dwight. Born of an illustrious familv, which has left a permanent influence upon the educational history of the country, he has pursued a straight course towards that goal around which are gathered honors, respect, admiration, love and friendship. His life, if properly written, would fill a volume. Space compels us to give but a short synopsis only. The eldest son of the Rev. William T. Dwight. D. D., grandson of ex-President Dwight, Senior, of Yale College, and the great-grandson of President Edwards of Princeton; he belongs to the sixth generation of edu- cators. He was properly fitted, through blood and brains, to fill the exalted groove which he has occupied in the esc-. oi 1 1 1 . Starting early in life as a teacher, at nineteen he was holding the responsible position of Professor of Latin and Greek in the Gymna- sium at Brooklyn. For three years he taught the sons oi New York and Brooklyn's most influential citizens, and from filled the pulpit as Pastor of the First Church, Randolph. and built one of the finest churches in Massachusetts. From 1863 to 1881, Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in the Anatomical Schools of Philadelphia ; and, in 1863, holding the honorable posi- tion for his government as secret diplomatic agent in Germany for the sale of $45,000,000 United States bonds, which partly furnished the sinews of war for his country's victories ; for two years Interne at the Philadelphia Hospital, from 1S67 to 1S69; the next succeed- ing eight years as Externe to the same institution— all this covering the best years of his life. The honors showered upon him by the different colleges of this country and abroad began with his diploma from Yale in 1852, quickly followed by his A. M. in 1S55. From Andover Theological Seminary his divinity honors in 1857; his diploma Cum Laudefrom University of Berlin in 1862; hisdiploma from University of Paris in 1863; and later, his M. D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1867 ; followed fifteen years later as Doctor of Divinity in 1882 from Washington and Lee, form an exceptionally brilliant career of a worthy and honored citizen. His charities are unostentatious but wide spread. His sphere of special activity being the Home Missionary Society of Philadelphia. A volume compiled and edited by him, covering " Fifty Years Work in the Spread of the Gospel, Relief of the Poor and Care of Destitute Children by the Home Missionary Society of the City of Philadelphia," is a monument to his brilliant authorship. Among other works from his pen were " The Life and Writings of the Hon. Vincent L. Bradford, LL. D., D. C. L., an Eminent Lawver, Legis- lator and Railroad President." Also, "The Life and Character of Edwin Gilliam Booth, of Virginia, a Prominent Lawver, Legislator and Philanthropist," and other articles, discourses and addresses, in encyclopedias and standard works. Dr. Dwight is still in active practice, a hale, hearty and health)' enthusiast, surrounded by mementos of friends of his youth, his books and his writings. WILLIAM HENRY FORD, M.D. President of the Board of Health and Fellow of the College of Physicians, was born in Philadelphia, October 7, 1839. After having been fitted for college at the Lawrenccville High School he entered Princeton, from which he was graduated in i860, and then com- menced the study of medicine in the Jefferson Medical College, which conferred upon him the degree of M. D. in 1S63. Previous to his graduation he was appointed an acting medical cadet, United States Army, at the Wood Street Army General Hospital during the war. and in the subsequent year he was appointed Assistant Surgeon of the Forty-fourth Pennsylvania Reserves, soon afterward Surgeon, and served as such until after the battle of Gettysburg and the retreat of Lee. He embodied a portion of his experience in the armv hospital in a thesis on " Gun-shot Wounds of the Chest," illustrated by cases that he had treated. From 1S63 to 1S65 lie was resident physician of the Philadelphia Hospital. In 1S65 he visited Europe and spent three years in studying languages, pursuing special medical studies in the universities, and attending the great hospitals in Berlin, Vienna, Paris, and London. Shortly after his return he- was appointed Assistant Demonstrator in the Philadelphia School of Anatomy and elected a member of the Pathological Societv of Philadelphia. In 1870 he became associate editor of the " Medical Times," and was elected a Fellow of the College of Physicians. In 1874 he became a member of the American Public Health Asso- ciation, and during the Centennial he served as a member of the Centennial Medical Commission and Chairman of the Committee on Sanitary Science. In 1877 he was elected Chairman of the Civil Service Medical Examining Board for Philadelphia, and in the fol- lowing year was elected a member of the American Academy of Medicine. Dr. Ford's connection with the Board of Health, with which he has been so prominently identified, dates from 1871. He has been chairman of its various committees, its secretary, and its president for eight vears, and during the twenty years of his membership in this important body he has originated many measures having for their object the improvement of the sanitary condition of the city. Manv vears ago he planned and had issued by the Board a " Weekly Bulletin of Vital .Statistics of Philadelphia," which has since been followed by most of the cities of the United States. He inaugurated the odorless system of cleaning wells, the public collection of garb- PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. age, and was mainly instrumental in establishing a department for regulating house-drainage in Philadelphia. The organization of a department of milk inspection, and the establishment of a thoroughly equipped laboratory for milk and food analysis by specialists of the Board of Health were due to his efforts. Since 1868 he has been in active medical practice, and for fifteen years has been Physician of the Foster Home, but during all this time he has given the closest attention to the study of preventive medicine in connection with his duties as member of the Board of Health. He has also contributed many papers on sanitary subjects to medical journals, and his treatise on " Soil and Water," constitutes an important part of Dr. Buck's " Hygiene and Public Health." In association with Dr. Richardson he prepared and issued a large and valuable work on "Domestic Hygiene," and in 1S89 contributed to Wood's " Refer- William Henry Ford, M. D. ence Hand book of the Medical Sciences," a brochure on the "Principles of Sanitary Inspection," which has since been pub- lished in a separate volume for the instruction of health officers. Dr. Ford has been a Trustee of the First Baptist Church, and one of the Managers of the American Sunday-School Union for a number of years, and is now Chairman of the Executive Committee of the "Sanitarium," a charity, which by its unlimited provision for the enjoyment and health of needy and sick children, has proved such a boon to Philadelphia. L. WEBSTER FOX, M.D. L. Webster Fox. M.D., was born in Hummelstown, Dauphin county, Pa., March 19, 1S53. His father, Thomas G. Fox, a noted physician, is a direct descendant of the celebrated English Fox's of Plymouth ancestry. The family settling at and around Hum- melstown, at one time owned most of the land in Dauphin county. Dr. Fox's early education was received at Millcrsville, Lancaster county, Pa., under the care of Dr. Edward Brooks, now superin- tendent of the public schools of this city. He entered Jefferson Medical College in this city in 1875, graduating three years later. In the fall of 1S7S he went abroad to take up the special study of the eye. This he pursued for eighteen months at the University of Vienna, afterwards taking a course in Microscopy and Pathology at the University of Strasburg. Whilst abroad he was honored with an appointment of Clinical Assistant at the Mooresfield Eye Hos- pital of London, he being the first American up to that time receiv- ing such an honor. For a year and a half he had the widest oppor- tunity for pursuing his favorite study and soon developed into one of the most thorough members of his profession. Returning to this country in 18S1 he was at once appointed Ophthalmic Surgeon to the Germantown Hospital as well as the Baptist Orphanage. About this time also he was elected Clinical Assistant at the Eye Department of the Jefferson Hospital. Another position which he has filled was that of Ophthalmic Surgeon to the Blind Man's Home of West Philadelphia. He is at present attending to the eve-sight of the students at the Lincoln Institute and the Indian School at Carlisle. He also has the United States appointment of Ophthalmic Expert to the Board of Pensions of Philadelphia. One of his most noted experiments was the grafting of the cornea of a rabbit on the human eye, which operation was performed at the Germantown hospital and attracted universal attention. Dr. Fox has been and is a prolific writer and lecturer, his work on the eye going through . several editions. His lectures at the Franklin Institute on popular subjects respecting the eye-sight have been eagerly received. He is a member of the County Medical Society and also the American Medical Association. He married C. Beatrice, daughter of the late Dr. Bickerton, of Liverpool, a family celebrated in Europe and America. An ancestor, Sir Richard Hussey Bickerton, was a Rear Admiral in the British Navy and a compeer of Nelson's at Trafalgar. Mrs. Fox's brother is the celebrated eye surgeon, T. Herbert Bick- erton, of Liverpool, and her brother-in-law is the distinguished L. Webster Fox, M. D. surgeon, Professor Rushton Parker. Dr. Fox finds relief from his immense practice by an annual trip to Europe which he has con- tinued for years. HENRY EARNEST GOODMAN Professor Goodman is a Philadelphian of German origin, the son of Henry and Maria (Earnest) Goodman, was born near Phila- delphia, April, 1S36. He received his professional education in the University of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1S59. He at once com- menced the practice of medicine in Philadelphia, giving special attention to Orthopedic and Ophthalmic surgery, in both of which branches he has become well known, having performed a number of notable operations. He is a Fellow of the College of Phy- sicians of Philadelphia, member of the Pathological, Ophthal- mological and Social Science Associations, and of the Academy of 256 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, of the American Public Health Association, etc. From 1866 to 1872 ho was Port Physician of Phil- adelphia, and since [876 was a member of the Board of Examining Surgeons, of Philadelphia, until removed in 1884 by an adverse administration. In 1868 he went to Europe to pursue his special studies in the great hospitals and attended as delegate the British Medical Association at Oxford, and the International Ophthalmic Congress at Heidelberg. He was one of the originators of the Philadelphia Orthopedic Hospital, and still remains one of its attending surgeons. He also aided in the organization of the Penn- sylvania State Hospital for women. He was for many years one of the surgeons of Wills Eye Hospital. On the reorganization of the Medico Chirurgical College, of Philadelphia, he was elected Professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery iu that institution, which position he held until 1S91 when he resigned and was made Emeritus Professor. In May, 1S61, he was commissioned surgeon of the Eighth and iu July was made surgeon of the Twenty-eighth Regi- ment Pennsylvania Volunteers, was appointed Assistant Surgeon of United States Volunteers, May 6, and was promoted to Surgeon May 26th, 1864. He served as Surgeon in chief Second Division, Twentieth armv corps, and as Medical Director of several army corps. Iu November, 1S65, he resigned his commission and left the army with the brevet rank of colonel of volunteers. While in the army he was successively surgeon in charge of the Twelfth army corps hospitals at Harper's Ferry, Acquia Creek and Gettys- burg ; after Gettysburg he was surgeon in charge of Camp Tetter- man, 'and then of the division hospital, and present at the battles of Balls Bluff, Cedar Mountain, Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettys- burg, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Ringgold, Resaca, and other less important engagements. He was a member of the Ninth International Medical Congress held at Washington, in 1SS7. JAMES GRAHAM, M.D. Born in Philadelphia, December 10, 1S46. His father, Dr. Archibald H. Graham, was a native of Couuty Tyrone, Ireland, who graduated in medicine in Dublin in 1833, and came to this city four years later, where he practiced his profession up to the time of his death in 1S73. His mother, the daughter of a Presby- terian minister, was also from County Tyrone, Ireland. James received his early education at the public schools, but it was abruptly terminated by his expulsion from the High School on account of a quarrel in the class room, and he commenced the study of medicine at the Jefferson Medical College in his seventeenth year. At the close of the session he went on duty on a hospital transport, aud served to the close of the war iu 1865, when he re- sumed his medical studies at the Jefferson and graduated in 1867. He served for three years on the surgical clinic, was assistant demonstrator of anatomy, and quiz master on anatomy and obstet- rics. In 1870-71 he made a trip around the world, and since then has devoted himself to general practice, making over ten thousand visits a year, including more thau one hundred and fifty obstetric cases. He is a member of the County Medical Society, physician to the Franklin Reformatory Home, aud chairman of the Executive Committee of the Jefferson Medical College Alumni Association. ADDINELL HEWSON, M.D. Was born in this city at No. 1007 Walnut street, September 2, 1S55. His paternal great-grandfather, William Hewson, F. R. S., surgeon and teacher of anatomy at Windmill School, Loudon, Hug., was an associate of the celebrated William Hunt, M. D. His grandfather, the sou of William Hewson, was Thomas T. Hewson, M. D., surgeon of the Pennsylvania Hospital and teacher of anat- omy in Library Street School, Philadelphia, and president of the College of Physicians. His father, Addinell Hewson, who died September II, 1889, was surgeon of the Pennsylvania Hospital and lecturer on surgery in Summer School, this city, and the present subject of this sketch, Addinell Hewsou, makes the fourth genera tion iu a direct line of physicians and surgeons. On the maternal side the record is equally as bright, tracing back to Col. Jacob Mor- gan, Sr. (1716-1792), who was a member of the Provisional Confer- ence (1776), also member of the Council of Safety of Pennsylvania, member of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, and assistant forage master Pennsylvania Militia, 1780. Dr. Hewson 's education was received at the Episcopal Acad- emy from 1S6S to 1S72 ; from thence to the University of Pennsyl- vania (Arts Department), 1S76. He received his Master's degree on presentation of his thesis, ' ' The Effects of Sun Rays on Growth of Plants," 1S79. His medical education was by a three years' course at the Jefferson College, graduating March [3, 1879. He has beeu active in hospital and college work, his principal appoint- ments being dispensary surgeon to St. Mary's Hos] 1S79,) for eight years; for two and a half years clinical assistant Jefferson College Hospital, Surgical Department, from 1879; assist- ant demonstrator of anatomy at the Jefferson Medical College from October, 1S79, to May, 18S6 ; prosector to professor of anatomy at the same place from May, 1S86, to May, 18S9, at which time he was appointed demonstrator of anatomy, and which position he still holds. He is also and has been since 1889 chief clinical assistant to the Surgical Department of the Jefferson College, and since 1880 has been surgeon to the Southwestern Hospital, lie is a member of the Philadelphia County Medical Society, the State Medical So- ciety, the Pathological, the Obstetrical, and a Fellow of the College of Physicians, all of Philadelphia; the Trinity Historical Societ} - , of Dallas, Tex., and a member of the Pennsylvania Society of Sons of the Revolution. He married September 4, 1S86, Lucy, daughter of George W. Claybaugh, Esq., of Maryland, and has three chil- dren, William, Ellen aud Addinell Stevenson, all of whom arc still living. PETER HOOPER, M.D. Was born December 17, 1S47, at Griggstown, Somerset county, N.J., on a farm owned by his father, James B. Hooper. At an early age was sent to the nearest public schools. His faculty for quickly absorbing what he heard and read was soon noticed, and it was decided to give the boy a thorough English education. As soon as he was old enough he was sent to Philips Academy, Andover, Mass., aud from there to the Cheshire Military Acad- emy, Cheshire, Connecticut. Thus prepared by a preliminary and academic education, he entered Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut. Deciding to adopt medicine as a profession, he matriculated at the University of Pennsylvania, graduating from there in 1880. He was associated for a short lime with Dr. Camp- bell at Grand Rapids, Michigan, but wishing to come east, Dr. Hooper took special courses at Bellevue Medical College, New York, which institution endorsed his University diploma. After this he came to this city, settling iu Tioga, where he has since re- mained. He is a member of the Philadelphia Couuty Society, the American Medical Association and West Chester Count}', N. Y., Society. Dr. Hooper has established a very large general family practice among his immediate neighbors, aud his studies have led him into the special paths of gynecological practice, as well as the diseases of the eye. He married Ottilia Azakrzesski, aud has three children. WILLIAM H. HUTT, M.D. Was born in the old district of Moyamensing, in August, 1847. His earlier education was received at the Ringgold Public School, after which he finished at the private school at Gwy- nedd. In his sixteenth year he entered the United States army as hospital steward, afterward joining the Fifty-ninth Pennsylvania Militia. His father was killed on the field of battle, commanding Company K, 183d Pennsylvania Volunteers, and young Hutt was obliged to return home. Renewing his studies, he eventually en- tered the University of Pennsylvania, where after a thorough course of medical training, he graduated March 11, 1S70. Two years later he organized and had charge of the Church Dispensary of South- wark. After five years devoted to this work he resigned to give his undivided attention to that noble charity, the Sanitarium for children, at Point Airy, which institution was a pet of his own cre- ation. Three years later he resigned to attend to his private prac- tice. Another worthy charity was the Convalescent Retreat, which Dr. Hutt organized and after a space of two years was obliged to relinquish on account of a serious illness which kept him confined to his house for two years. Dr. Hutt was appointed as president of the first Board of United States Examiners for the Pension Department, and since May, 1S79, has been one of its Board. He is a member of the Loyal Legion, also a member of Hector Tyndall Post, G. A. R., and is vice-president of the Monumental Association, and also commander in chief of the General Service Corps. He is also a member of numerous secret societies, prominent among which may he men- tioned, Red Cross Lodge, K. of P., Order of Sparta, and United Friends. He is a member of the Neurological Medical Society of this citv. Dr. Hutt married Josephine E., a daughter of the late John Boardman Smith. His specialty is diseases of the lungs and nervous diseases. 257 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. LEONARD D. JUDD, M.D. Was born in West Greenville, Pa., January II, 1842, of a noted family of physicians. It was not until he was well matured that he followed the footsteps of his ancestors and took up medicine as a life work. Moving westward with his family when quite a boy, he was placed in the Racine College, Wisconsin, from which he received his diploma in 1S59. In his twentieth year the gold fever took possession of him, and with a number of others started for Pike's Peak, where he engaged in gold mining. When in his twenty-first year he was elected to the Legislature of Colorado. 'Firing of poli- tical life and the growing desire to enter the business world decided him to come to this city. He formed the firm of Dawson, Judd & Co. In this venture his fortune was swept away. Then he turned to medicine. Graduating from Jefferson Medical College in 1877, he has been in continuous practice ever since. He has had charge of many of the charitable institutions of West Philadelphia, more particularly the Educational Home, the Home for Infants, the Home for Incurables, and the Blind Man's Home. His practice is a general family practice with possibly the greater part devoted to diseases of women and children. He is a member of the State and County Societies; the Obstetrical, the Pathological, and the College of Physicians. He married Emily L , the daughter of the late A. R. Breiter, Esq., of this city, and has one daughter, Harriet B. Judd, who is a most prominent artist. ROBERT HAYS KLINE, M.D. Robert Hays Kline, born in Allegheny county, Pa., June, 1S28. German descent, son of Philip Kline, who was born in same place and occupied a prominent position in religious circles; whose father was Philip Kline, born in Prussia, Germany, and dis- tinguished for his military services. He was very wealthy, and on account of his views on democracy was banished and fled to this country. He located at Pittsburg, Pa., and extensively engaged in farming, and for many years was a prominent distiller in the western part of the State. Dr. Kline's mother was Jane Hays, who was descended from a noted religious family. He married Char- lotte Eliza Guild, of Eaglesville, Ohio, daughter of Colonel Guild, a distinguished officer of a volunteer regiment of Ohio in the late war ; graduated from Penn Medical LIniversity 1859 ; commenced to practice at Eaglesville, Ohio, and successively afterwards in Rock Creek, Salem, Columbia, Cincinnati and Indianapolis, com- ing to Philadelphia he received the honors of the Penn Medical University, and of the Pennsylvania Hospital. In 1865 he pur- chased the two buildings, Nos. 931 and 933 Arch street, where he has since resided. He became connected with the Clinical De- partment of the Philadelphia University, and in 1866 the Trustees of the college created a new professional chair — that of malignant diseases — and elected the Doctor to fill it. From that period his practice in special surgical diseases increased, and he was com- pelled to call to his aid several physicians of distinction. The want of accommodation for his fast growing practice caused the Doctor, in 1871, to purchase the large and commodious building at Sixty- fifth and Vine streets, which was known as the Philadelphia Belle- vue Institute and Cancer Infirmary. He also established a branch at Charlotte, N. C. In 1872 he issued a medical journal, which was an eight page folio semi-monthly journal under the title of The Medical Independent. He has written some excellent illustrated treatises on diseases of the brain and nervous system, another on "Dietetic," under the title of " What Shall I Eat?" Others on malignant growths, cancers, tumors, ulcers, etc. He has recently published an illustrated work of seventy-two pages, the titleot which is " Women and Her Diseases and Their Treatment.'' He is now en- gaged, and has nearly completed, a work under the same title of some 600 pages. He is also engaged in gold and copper mining business, being President and the largest owner in the " Utica Min- ing and Milling Co.," located in Boulder county, Colorado, and whose office is at 60S Chestnut street, this city. He is also Presi- dent of the noted " Marble City Quarry Co.," of Gunnison county, Colorado. LOUIS J. LAUTENBACH, M.D. Was born in this city. His father, August Lautenbach, was a prominent dealer in real estate. Dr. Lautenbach received his primary education from the public schools of the citv, graduating from the High School. He entered the LTniversity of Pennsyl- vania in 1S7S, graduating therefrom three years later from the Departments of Philosophy and Medicine. Since 18S1 he has held the position of Assistant Surgeon to the Eye and Ear Department Philadelphia Dispensary, and upon its reorganization was elected to the staff at the Pennsylvania Eye and Ear Infirmary. He has also occupied the position of Ophthalmic Surgeon to the Eve and Ear Dispensary of the German Hospital. He is a member of the County Medical Society ; the Northern Medical Societv ; the Neurological Society; the Medico Jurisprudence Societv; the American Medical Association ; the State Medical and the Inter- national Medical Societies, and also an Alumnus of the Philoso- phical and Medical Departments of the University of Pennsylvania. He married some time ago Miss A. Pauline Warren, daughter of John Warren, Esq., of Wreutham, Mass. Dr. Lautenbach has led too busy a life in the actual practice and care of his patients to have devoted much time to publication of his cases in the medical journals. His thesis on graduating warranted his friends to ex- pect some fine literary and scientific work from his pen, as he not only received the H. C. Lea prize from the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, but also the George B. Wood prize from the Department of Philosophy from the same institution. His subjects being " Broom and its Alkaloids " and " Strychnia and its Antidote " respectively. BENJAMIN LEE, M.D. Was born at Norwich, Conn., September 26, 1833, his father being the Right Rev. Alfred Uee, D. D., Bishop of Delaware and presiding Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church, whilst among his maternal ancestors was Judge Trumbull, of Connecticut, the patriot-poet of die Revolution. He was prepared for the Univers- ity of Pennsylvania at the Episcopal Academy, this citv, graduat- ing from the L'niversity as A. B. in 1S52 and A. M. in 1855. He attended the lectures at Jefferson Medical College in 1853-54, and at the New York Medical College in 1854-55 and '56, in which vear he received his degree of M. D. from the latter institution. After spending two years in the hospitals in New York he further prose- cuted his studies in Paris and Vienna, and whilst in Paris in 1858 he was secretary of the American Medical Societv. Returning to this country, he established himself in general practice in New York, and while in that city was a member of the New York Count}' and State Medical Societies, as well as editor of the American Medical Monthly. In 1863 he entered upon the treatment of de- formities and spinal affections by mechanical agencies and in 1865 removed to Philadelphia, continuing the practice of orthopedics and the treatment of nervous diseases, and especially devoting him- self to the development of mechanical therapeutics. He is a mem- ber of the County Medical, the State Society, and of the American Medical Association. He is also a member of the American Pub- lic Health Association and the Social Science Association of Phila- delphia. He is a life member of the Philadelphia Societv for Organ- izing Charity and was for many years the president of the Mutual Aid Association of the Philadelphia Countv Medical Societv and is also a member of the Medical Jurisprudence Society of Philadel- phia. In 1S84 Dr. Lee was honored with the presidency of the American Academy of Medicine, and in 18S5 was appointed by Governor I'attison as a member of the newly created State Board of Health of Pennsylvania, and was soon after elected as secretary and executive officer. Among other societies of which he is a member are : The American Congress of Physicians and Surgeons, vice- president of the American Orthopedic Association, and member of the Legislative Commission on Removal of Philadelphia Quaran- tine Station. Dr. Lee has been a voluminous writer. One of his most important works as a medical author is " The Correct Principles of Treatment for Angular Curvature of the Spine." Others were: "A Report 011 Meteorology and Epidemics," numerous re- ports and papers on conditions of health and disease in Philadel- phia and Pennsylvania, his address on hygiene, "Penny Wisdom and Pound Folly, or the Cost of a Great Epidemic to a Great Citv ;" "A Plea for a State Board of Health." He is at present publishing a series of "Tracts on Massage," and is the author of an article on "Diseases of the Bones and Joints " in Wood's "Household Prac- tice of Medicine," and also an article on " Massage and the Move- ment Cure " in Dr. Hobart Hare's " System of Practical Therapeut- ics." Dr. Lee was instrumental in procuring the passage of the laws for regulating the practice of medicine and for the registra- tion of physicians. He has also presented before the Legislature a bill for the care of habitual drunkards and a bill to provide for the inspection of plumbing in all cities and towns in the State. 253 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. LOUIS F. LOVE, M.D. Among the younger physicians who have attained distinction in his special branch may be mentioned Dr. Louis P. Love, who has been for the past three years Ophthalmic surgeon at St. Mary Hospital. Born in this city August 25, 1S59. His father, Thomas C. Love, is a well known manufacturer, and gave his son Louis all the advantages of a good classical education. Commencing :il the Laudcrbach Academy after which he received special courses of study from private tutors. He matriculated at Jefferson Medical college in 1879 and graduated from there in 1S82, during which time he attended the full course at the Philadelpnia College of Pharmacy. In 1S82 he was elected resident physician at the St. Mar}- Hospital, and has also occupied some minor charitable posi- tions, such as Vaccine physician and also an attache at the Phila- delphia Dispensary at Fifth and Walnut streets. He is a member of the County Medical Society ; the Pennsylvania State Medical Society ; The Northern Medical Society ; the Neurological and the Medico Legal Societies. He has contributed many important papers to different medical journals, principally upon matters pertaining to his favorite specialty, i. e., diseases of the eye. His practice is devoted exclusively to that subject. GEORGE B. MILLER, M.D. Son of Charles Miller, Esq., of this city, was born in Philadel- phia, June 2S, 1864. He was educated in the public schools, gradu- ating from the Central High School. The early bent of his mind was toward chemistry, and as a stepping stone to this art he was entered as a student of medicine at the LTniversity of Pennsylva- nia in 1882. Three years later he graduated. Since his graduation Dr. Miller has taken the deepest interest in laboratory experiment- ing. Although enjoying a lucrative practice, being also connected as a partner with the well known physician, Dr. Loelliug, he spends all his spare moments in his laboratory, occupying his time in orig- inal research. His thesis on his graduating from the University of Pennsylvania was "Toxicology " and showed at once his wonder- ful faculty for analytical research. A successful paper on "Post Mortem Inhibition of Poisons" has attracted much attention in a field that few dare to enter. This was followed by a brochure on "The Post Mortem Absorption of Strychnine " and later by "Some Experiments in the After Death Absorption of Arsenic." These were so ably written that arguments pro and con filled the medical journals for some time, bringing forth words of approval from such scientific authorities as Dr. Formad and others. Dr. Miller is the associate editor of the Medico Legal Journal of New York, and has left the imprint of his wonderful intellect on the pages of that famous journal. He is also a member of the County Medical Soci- ety of this State and of the Medico-Legal Society of New York, lie is also a member of the American Chemical Society, of which society he was a delegate from this city at its last meeting. He owns one of the best private laboratories there is in this country. EDWARD EMMETT MONTGOMERY, M.D. Professor Montgomery was born in Newark, Ohio, in 1S49. He lived on a farm until he attained his sixteenth year. He attended the Denisou University at Granville, Ohio, where, owing to delicate health he was unable to remain in continuous work, and in 1871 he received the degree of B. S. He was made president of his graduating class. He then read medicine a year with Dr. J.J. Hamill, of Newark, at the same time teaching school to aid in his life work. In 1874 he received the degree of M. D. from Jefferson Medical College, having passed No. I, and was made president of the class. He entered the Philadelphia hospital as a resident where he remained until 1S75, when he commenced the practice of medicine, serving as an assist- ant in the Philadelphia Eye and Ear Dispensary, and also teaching Anatomy and Physiology to private classes in the Jefferson. In 1S78 he was elected Obstetrician to the Philadelphia Hospital, where he remained until the present time. Having become well known by his connection with the study of Gynecology and its kindred branches, in 1SS6 Dr. Montgomery was elected Professor of Gyne- cology in the Medico-Chirurgical College, was its secretary for three years, and is now the Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology. He is a member of the Philadelphia County Medical Society and the College of Physicians, and the State Medical Society and the Ameri- can Medical Association. Of the latter he was chairman of the section on Gynecology, is a Fellow and ex-prcsideut of the Ameri- can Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and a member of several other bodies out of the Stale. He has performed over two hundred abdominal operations. His contributions to the literature of the profession arc num but confined to his special branch, and have appeared in the medi- cal journals in the form of clinical lectures, etc. CHARLES PERCY NOBLE, M.D. Is a native of Maryland. He has made Philadelphia his home since [884, and in that time has douealion's share in the charitable work of the district to which he holds allegiance. Born November 15, 1863, his early education was received in the public schools of Maryland, afterwards finishing his education in the Agricul- tural College of Iowa. Returning to his native State, Mary- land, he entered the University of Maryland and graduated there- from in 18S4, receiving the highest honors of his class. The University gold medal (first prize) and Obstetrical prize being among the acknowledgments of his ability and success. Coming to this city in 1884 he was appointed on the staff at the Lying-in Charity, corner Eleventh and Cherry streets. With this began his successes as a physician and surgeon. He was appointed phvsician to the Northern Dispensary, and is now Surgeon in charge of the Department of Diseases of Women. He also occupies the same position at the Union Dispensary. He ft Surgeon in charge Kensington Hospital for Women ; Lecturer on Gynecology at the Polyclinic College on Lombard street ; Fellow of the American Gynecological Society ; President of the Northern Medical Society ; Fellow of the College of Physicians and Surgeons ; member of the County Medical Society ; the Obstetrical and the Pathological Soci- eties. His writings have been numerous. In addition to his con- tributions to the Editorial Department of the Medical and Surgical Reporter, he has contributed largely to the other medical maga- zines. Dr. Noble married September 15, 1SS5, Miss Rose, daughter of A. H. Rose, of Sussex county, N. J. His practice is devoted to obstetrics and diseases of women. WILLIAM HENRY PANCOAST, M.D. The subject of this sketch was born in Philadelphia, October, r835, his father being the well known Joseph Pancoast, of Jefferson College. His collegiate studies were pursued at Haverford College, Pa., from which he received the degree of B. A. in the spring of 1853. Subsequently in due course he received the degree of M. A. He pursued his medical studies in Jefferson Medical College, grad- uating in 1856. He then went to Europe, where for nearly three years he continued his studies in the schools and hospitals of Lon- don, Edinburgh, Berlin, Paris, Vienna, etc. His love of home and country caused him to decline a flattering offer from the distin- guished Civiale to remain in Paris as his assistant, and he returned to Philadelphia, where he at once commenced to devote his atten- tion to the surgical branch of his profession. At the same time he engaged in private teaching of anatomy- A special incident in his life was his determination to obtain the bodies of the celebrated Siamese twins for the purpose of a sci- entific examination of the baud which united them, which he suc- cessfully accomplished in 1874. He is a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences, a Fellow of the American Academy of Medi- cine, a Fellow of the College of Physicians, member and president of the Philadelphia County Medical Society in 1869, member and vice-president of the State Medical Society of Pennsylvania, mem- ber and vice-president of the American Medical Association in 1886, member of the International Medical Congress held in Phila- delphia in 1S76, member and president of the Section of Anatomy of the International Medical Congress of 18S7 held at Washington, D. C, and a member of the congress held in Berlin, Prussia, in 1S90. He has been a frequent contributor to medical literature through the various medical journals, and his clinical lectures on surgery were published in the Medical and Surgical Reporter and the Medieal Times of Philadelphia. In 1859 he was elected a surgeon to the Charity Hospital of Philadelphia, during ten years establishing a large clinic. In 1862 he was appointed demonstrator of anatomy in the Jefferson Medi- cal College, holding that position for twelve years. Ik was also appointed lecturer on surgical anatomy in the Summer School. In 1866 he was elected one of the visiting surgeons of the Philadel- phia Hospital. During the absence of his father in Europe in 1867 and [868 he was appointed adjunct professor of anatomy in the Jefferson, and in that season lectured as professor and demonstrator of anatomy, teaching operative surgery, holding surgical clinics 259 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. at the Philadelphia Hospital and at the Jefferson College. In 1S73 and 1874 he served again as adjunct professor of anatomy in the Jefferson, aiding his father, and the next spring on the resignation of his father, Dr. William H. Pancoast, was elected to succeed him as professor of general, descriptive and surgical anatomy. During the war of the "Rebellion he held the position of surgeon in chief and second officer in charge of the Sixth and Master streets Mili- tary Hospital, Philadelphia, and on three occasions volunteered his services in the field. Having resigned his professorship in the Jefferson College, in 1SS6 he was elected professor of general, descriptive and surgical anatomv in the Medico-Chirurgical College of Philadelphia and surgeon to the hospital, which positions, as well as the presidency of the board of trustees of the same, he still holds. RICHARD ALEXANDER F. PENROSE, M.D. Richard Alexander F. Penrose, M. I)., was born in Carlisle, Pa., March 24, 1827. His father, the Hon. Chas. B. Penrose, was a prominent lawyer, State Senator, and at one time Solicitor of the Treasury. His mother, Valeria Fullerton, comes of one of the best and oldest families in the State. Professor Penrose received his earlier education at Dickinson College, from which he graduated in July, 1S46. Immediately after finishing his classical education he entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, receiving his diploma from that institution in 1S49. He was for three years the resident physician at the Pennsylvania Hospital, this being his first appointment after graduating. He was then elected consulting physician to the Phil- adelphia Hospital, and lecturer on diseases of women and children. In 1856 Dr. Penrose with some others founded the Children's Hos- pital of this city. Some years later, in 1863, he was elected Pro- fessor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children at the University of Pennsylvania, succeeding the celebrated physician and surgeon, Dr. Hugh L. Hodge. In 1875 Dickinson college con- ferred upon him the honorable title of LL. D. Two years ago Professor Penrose resigned the professorship at the University, which he had uninterruptedly filled for twenty-six years and was immediately honored with the appointment of Emeritus Professor in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, which position he now fills. During his professional career Dr. Penrose has been connected with almost all the charitable institutions in this city. The Penn- sylvania, the Episcopal, the Philadelphia, the University of Penn- sylvania, the St. Christopher and Garnicium Hospitals, the Preston Retreat and the Children's Hospital. It was mainly through his exertions also that the Philadelphia Hospital was opened to medical instruction. Dr. Penrose is well known in the medical literary world, having contributed most important and valuable papers on special subjects in his department. He married in 1S5S Miss S. H. Boies, the daughter of Col. I. S. II. Boies, of Wilmington, Delaware. From this union there have come six sons, the eldest, the Honorable Boies Penrose, is president pro tern. ( 1891) of the Senate of Pennsyl- vania. A remarkable fact in connection with this family is that the grandfather of Hon. Boies Penrose occupied the same position as president pro tern, of the Senate of Pennsylvania just fifty years ago this year. JOHN L. PHILLIPS, M.D. Dr. Phillips was born in Pittsburgh, March 1, 1858. His father, Robert B. Phillips, was a prominent merchant of that city. It was here he first received the rudiments of a public school edu- cation, afterwards going to Haverford College. He entered the Jefferson Medical College in 1880, and after a three years' course he graduated in 1S83, having for his preceptor that well known pro- fessor, William H. Pancoast. After graduating he was appointed as assistant in the throat room under Dr. Sajous. At this time he was very close to his preceptor, William H. Pancoast, and yvas made by him his first assistant, which position he occupied for about three years and a half, during which time he was also con- nected with the private hospital of Drs. Pancoast and Shoemaker. The thorough training thus received fully equipped him for the arduous duties of a professional life, and no doubt his continuous success since then is largely due to this training. Dr. Phillips mar- ried in the fall of 1887 Miss Mabel, the daughter of Charles M. Gatzel, Esq., of this city. His practice is, as a necessity, a general family practice, and his writings, although numerous, have been confined to strictly medical subjects and contributions to the differ- ent medical journals. WILLIAM G. PORTER, M.D. Was born April 25, 1S46, at 1630 Chestnut street, this city. His father being the son of Reverend Thomas Porter, and his mother, Catherine Benezet, the daughter of Anthony B , the celebrated abolitionist. His education up to his fourteenth year was received at the Penn Manor Boy's School, aftervyards he was prepared by private tutors for his admission into the University of Pennsyl- vania. He graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania in 186S, and almost immediately was appointed Assistant Resident Physician to the Philadelphia Dis- pensary, which position he occupied for one year. He was then elected to the Philadelphia Hospital as Resident, which he filled for fifteen months. He began the practice of medicine July 4, 1S70, at No. 314 South Eleventh street, and has since then been continuously engaged between his private practice and his public duties. He is considered one of the most careful and successful surgeons there is in this city. Dr. Porter is the senior Surgeon of the Philadelphia Hospital ; also, Surgeon to the Presbyterian Hospital ; he is Consulting Physician to the Philadelphia Dis- pensary ; and Consulting Physician to the Educational Home for Boys; he is a member of the County Medical Society; a member of the Obstetrical Society; a Fellow of the College of Physicians, of which honorable body he is an ex-Secretary ; a Fellow of the Academy of Surgery ; a member of the State Medical Society ; a member of the American Medical Association; and also a Fellow of the American Surgical Association. He is a constant con- tributor of medical literature to the different medical societies and journals, and delivered the oration at the last annual meeting of the Academy of Surgery. Dr. Porter w-as married to Miss Susan M. Hobart. of Fairfield, Fairfield county, Connecticut, in 1S80, and has six children to bless their union. EMIL G. REHFUSS, M.D. Dr. Emil G. Rehfuss was born in this city May 12, 1S61. His father, George Rehfuss, being an inventor of some note. His earh' education was received from the public schools of this city. It was his intention originally to take up the practice of pharmacy, and with this end in view he became a student at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, from which institution he graduated in 1S61. He occupied several important positions in different pharmacies for a few years, and whilst doing so commenced the study of the treatment of diseases. Matriculating at the University of Pennsylvania he studied hard and earnestly for three years. Receiving his diploma he began a career that is at once a pride and honor. He was nominated for and accepted the position of Resident Physician at the German Hospital, a position that is eagerly sought for by most graduates; this position he retained for a period of nineteen months. He then became the Assistant to Dr. Turnbull in the Eye and Ear Department at the same hospital. He also occupied the position of Gynecologist for several years at the German Hospital. Dr. Rehfuss is at present Chief of the Eye Clinic at the St. Agnes Hospital on South Broad street, and has built up quite a reputation as a consulting physician in these specialties from his fellow members of his profession. Aside from his professional duties Dr. Rehfuss has found time to keep up his social duties. He is a member of a number of lodges in different societies ; is also Medical Examiner of the Order of Tonti, the Sexennial League, of which he is Supreme Vice-Presi- dent, and is also physician to the German Society of Philadelphia. JAMES M. ANDERS, M.D. Dr. James M. Anders is one of the best known professors of sanitary- science, hygiene and forestry in Philadelphia. He was born in the year 1856, and came to Philadelphia in 1S75. He studied general medicine and hygiene at the University of Penn- sylvania and took his degree in 1N77. Dr. Anders began practice in the northern part of the city, and he paid special attention to hygiene and the diseases of children. His offices are now at No. 1639 North Broad street. He occupies the chair of Professor of Sanitary Science and the Diseases of Children at the Medico-Chir- urgical Hospital, and he also delivers the clinical lectures on the diseases of children. He has written and read a number of valua- ble papers on forestry and hygiene. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPIIIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. OLIVER R. REX, M.D. Was born at Rayville, Hunterdon county, N. J., in 1S40. His parents were George P. Rex, a prominent physician and surgeon, and Gertrude Williamson. He attended the public schools oi his county until his fourteenth year, after which he was sent to board- ing school, Tuscarora Academy. His parents moving to Perry, 111. , young Rex accompanied them. Here three years of his life were spent in a drug store, his leisure moments being occupied in study under a private tutor. At his nineteenth year he entered Lafayette College, at Easton, Pa., remaining until the end of his sophomore year, when he left to join the army at the breakiug out of the war. He enlisted in the Thirty-third Illinois Infantry, the educated regi- ment, as it was then called. The entire regiment was composed of collegiates or graduates, Company A being composed entirely of teachers, and the colonel of the regiment being the principal of a school. Dr. Rex's father was then at the head of the normal schools of Illinois and was surgeon of this noted regiment. Until April, 1863, a private in Company A, Thirty-third Illinois; then was appointed hospital steward, serving as regimental, brigade, division and corps hospital steward, and finally promoted to assist- ant surgeon of his regiment. After the battle of Vicksburg he received as a special compli- ment from General Grant a sixty days' leave of absence and was commissioned as first lieutenant. He was mustered out of service November 4, 1865. Coming to Philadelphia, he commenced anew the study of medicine, graduating from the Jefferson Medical Col- lege of this city in March, 1S67. His work in the medical profession commenced with his appointment as resident physician at the Philadelphia Hospital, which he received after a competitive ex- amination with a record of No. 1. He remained here eighteen months. He was also elected quiz master over the students of Jef- ferson College and organized a private class, to which he lectured on physical diagnosis. On the completion of the Jefferson Hos- pital he was elected visiting physician, serving also as a clinical lecturer, until three years ago, in the summer course. He was then elected lecturer on diseases of children, which position he resigned last May. He is also visiting physician to the Presbyterian as well as the Jefferson Hospital. In 1882 was appointed on the staff of the Medical Examiners of the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Com- pany, and on the resignation of Dr. Keating was appointed chief of the staff. Dr. Rex is a Fellow of the College of Physicians, a member of the County Medical Society, the Society of Pediatrics, and the Medical Directors' Association of the Old Line Insurance Companies of the United States. In the Masonic Order he stands very high, having attained the Thirty-second Degree. Dr. Rex married Miss Anna B. S. Stevenson, daughter of John B. Steven- son, Esq., who has borne him two children, a son, John B. S. Rex, who graduated last year from the University of Pennsylvania, and wdio begins this year a medical course in the same institution, and a daughter, Mary Rex, now in her sixteenth year. CHARLES SCHAFFER, M.D. Dr. Charles Schaffer was born in 1S3S. His father was Charles Schaffer the second, who was the sou of Charles Schaffer, and whose father was David Schaffer, all being natives of Philadelphia. The father of David Schaffer was David Schacffer, born in Saxony. David Schaeffer, his son David and grandson Charles were sugar refiners and were a long time engaged in business in Philadelphia. Charles Schaffer the second, the father of the subject of this sketch was a wholesale druggist of the firm of Carr & Schaffer, doing business at the northeast corner of Sixth and Market streets. Dr. Schaffer graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1859, after which he was in the United States service at Chester Hospital. He was the attending physician at Medical Branch of Bedford street Mission during the year 1S74, and filled the same position at Mis- sion Hospital from 1S75 to 1880, since which time he has been engaged in the general practice of his profession in the city of Philadelphia, and ranks among its many able members. He is a member of the Philadelphia County Medical Society and Fellow of the College of Physicians at Philadelphia. Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences, and of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. His office is at 1309 Arch street. JOHN BEDFORD SHOBER, M.D. Was born in this city August 28, 1859, his father, Samuel L. Shober, being one of Philadelphia's leading merchants. At the early age of twelve years his preparatory education was com- menced — St. Paul's School at Concord, Xew Hampshire, was the academy chosen for that purpose. He remained there sever preparing himself for Princeton, which he entered in [882, gradu- ating three years later. Being thoroughly equipped, he beg studies at the University of Pennsylvania from which he gr. in 1SS5 after a three years' course. Two years later he received the appointment of Resident Physician at the Pennsylvania Hospital, dividing his time between it anil the Children's Hospital. In I.SS; desiring to further continue his medical training he decided to go abroad. Two years he spent in studying the methods in use in the various hospitals and universities in Germany, more esp' those of Berlin and Heidelberg. Returning to this country in 18S9 he immediately began the practice of medicine and is moving towards the front rank in his chosen field. Dr. Shober is connected with the out-patient department of the Surgical Dispensary of the University of Pennsylvania as Surgeon. He is also on the staff of surgeons to the Gyneecan Hospital on North Eighteenth street. He is a Fellow of the College of Physicians ; a member of the County Society, the Pathological and also the Ob- stetrical Societies of this city. His writings have been confined to reports of special eases that have come under his personal notice and which have been contributed to the medical journals. His prac- tice is a general one with special leaning towards surgery for which his medical training has so thoroughly prepared him. JOHN VE1TCH SHOEMAKER, M.D. Professor Shoemaker was born in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, in March, 1852. He entered Dickinson College and graduated in 1872, receiving the degree of A. B. Three years later he was made A. M. Having decided to study medicine, he entered the Jefferson Medical College in the class of 1872. In 1874 that school conferred on him the degree of M. D. In the same y T ear he was ap- pointed a demonstrator of Anatomy, and for six years delivered lectures upon this branch. At the same time he organized the "Jefferson Quiz Association," taking as his share of the work, Materia Medica and Therapeutics. From 187611c was lecturer on Anatomy in the Philadelphia School of Anatomy, from which he retired in 1878. He is a member of the Pathological and Philadel- phia County Medical Societies, was Physician to the Foster Home, and in the same year he established the Dispensary for Skin Dis- eases in which for many years he taught large classes. He next became a member of the State Medical Society of Pennsylvania and of the American Medical Association. In both these bodies he has been an active worker, serving as Secretary of the Section on Practice of Medicine of the latter, and afterward its Chairman, in 1884. From this association he has attended as a delegate the various learned bodies of Europe, on several occasions. In 1S79 he entered the field of journalism, and in connection with several associates, he established the " Medical Bulletin" a monthly journal which still exists as a monument of his energy and unflagging powers. We may mention in this connection, that at the conclusion of the first volume he received from the late Pro- fessor Samuel D. Gross, a very congratulatory note. In addition he has contributed largely to the literature of the profession, both in the journals and otherwise. In 1881 he became Secretary of the American Medical Editors' Association, and in 1SS3 was made Vice- President. He held the chair of lectures on Skin Diseases in the post graduate course of the Jeffersou College, acting as its secre- tary and treasurer. In 1SS4 he visited the great centres of learning all over Europe where he was most pleasantly received, and at the British Medical Association he read a paper on the Oleates, which elicited a thorough discussion in the Section of Pharmacology and Thera- peutics. On his return he received a handsome demonstration at the hands of his numerous friends. At the International Medical Congress of 1884, held in Copenhagen, he read a paper before the Section on Dermatology, entitled " The Treatment of Diseases of the Skin by Novel Means and Methods." He was soon after elected a member of the British Medical Association and also chosen a Fellow of the London Medical Society. On the oci of the organization of the General Committee of the Am Medical Association, to arrange for the Ninth International Medical Congress Association, he was elected by the delegates from Penn- sylvania to represent that State, and was made the Secretary of that Committee. In 1886 he became connected with the Medico- Chirurgical College of Philadelphia as Professor of Skin T > : — which chair he held for several years, and in 1889 he was elected to the chair of Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Clinical Medicine. He is also one of the ph\ sici ins to the hospital of that institution. He is the author of " The 1 deatcs and Ointments, especially in Skin PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. Diseases; " " Heredity, Health and Personal Beauty ; " " Treatise on Materia Medica and Therapeutics, in two volumes;" "A Practical Treatise on Diseases of the Skin," etc. DAVID DENISON STEWART, M. D. Dr. David Denisou Stewart was born in this city, October 10, 1857. He comes from a very old and honored family. His grand- father, Thomas Stewart, coming to this country in the beginning of this century fresh from his college at Dublin, locating at Pitts- burgh ; his executive ability becoming recognized, he was ap- pointed United States Appraiser at this port, which position he held from 1S1S until 1S49. I )r - Stewart is the son of Franklin Stewart. His earlv education was obtained at the Saunders Academy, West Philadelphia, after which he was taken in charge by a private tutor. In the spring of 1S76 he commenced his medical studies at the Jefferson Medical College, graduating in 1879. Immediately after graduating he commenced the practice of his profession. His first appointment was received in 1884, when he was made Assistant in the Medical Department of the Jefferson College. A year later he was appointed Assistant Demonstrator of Clinical Medicine, and in 1886 he was promoted as Chief of the Medical Clinic. In 1S88 he was elected Lecturer on Diseases of the Spinal Cord in the College Department, and the following year Lecturer on Diseases of the Nervous System. As Demonstrator of Neurology and Chief of the Neurologic Clinic, Dr. Stewart became one of the most popular men in his college. He it was who created such universal consternation among the people of this city by his investigation and discovery of the use of chrome yellow by bakers in making up their pastrv. Dr. Stewart at present is Physician to St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, and also St. Mary's Hospital. He is a member of the County Medical Society ; a Fellow of the College of Physicians ; a member of the Neurological and Pathological Societies, and also of the State Medical Societies. His writings have been numerous, and his contributions to the medical journals and societies always attract marked attention. ISIDORE P. STRITTMATTER, M.D. Few of the younger medical men in this city have made more rapid strides toward the goal of success than Dr. Isidore P. Strittmalter. Although quite young in years he enjoys a large practice, is well thought of by his brother physicians and has unquestionably been a credit to his alma mater. He was born in Carrolton, Cambria county, this State, August 16, i860. His father, who is still living, is Francis F. Strittmatter, a promi- nent and successful builder. Young Strittmatter's early educa- tion was received at St. Vincent's college, Westmoreland county, Pa. He graduated from there in 1875, being then in his fif- teenth year. After graduating he taught school for two years, occupying his spare moments in reading medicine. Toward the latter part of his teaching, having acquired a preliminary knowl- edge of medicine, he entered the Jefferson Medical College of this city, from which he graduated at the session of 1SS0-81. Immediately after graduating he was appointed resident physician at the German Hospital, which position he occupied for seven months, resigning to go to St. Mary's Hospital. After serving here ten months he was obliged to withdraw owing to a serious attack of typhoid fever. After his recovery he immediately commenced to build up the practice he controls to-day. At present he is surgeon in chief of that noble charity, the St. Mary's hospital, on Fraukford road, to which he devotes as much time as he can possi- bly spare from his private practice. Dr. Strittmatter is a prominent member of a number of medical societies : The County Medical, the Pathological, the Medico Jurisprudence, the Northern Medical Association and others. GEORGE W. VOGLER, M.D. Was born in the old District of Kensington, this city, Decem- ber 7, 1855. His father, John G. Vogler, was well known in that region as a manufacturer and builder. His classical studies were commenced in the public schools of this city, where after passing the various grades, he left the senior class to enter Bryant & Strat- ton's Business College. Undecided between the choice of music or medicine as a profession, he entered a music store on Chestnut street, but after remaining there about a vear he concluded to take up medicine. He entered the drug store of the late George M. Snowden, as a preliminary step in this direction, where iie re- mained about two years, thus acquiring a good knowledge of the nature of drugs. During this time he was receiving instructions in Greek, Latin and German, as a private student of Professor Hertzog. After leaving the drug business he entered the office of the late Dr. James M. Boisuot as a private student, at the same time matriculating at the University of Pennsylvania, from which he graduated after a four years' course in March, 1H76; receiving the " Distinguished Merit Prize " for excellence of Thesis. In June of the same year he received the degree of Doctor of Philosophv from the Auxiliary Department of Medicine of the University of Penn- sylvania. For two 3'ears next succeeding he was Resident Physi- cian in the German and Philadelphia Hospitals respectively. In 1881 was elected one of the Consulting Phvsiciaus at the German Hospital. He also served as Chief of the Out- Door Department for Diseases of Women at the same institution for a number of years. He was a Director and Secretary of the Twelfth Ward Society for Organizing Charity for ten years, was one of the corporators, and is now a large stockholder and Director of the Integrity Title Insur- ance and Trust Company of this city. Dr. Vogler is an active member of the Pennsylvania State and Philadelphia County Medi- cal Societies ; the Obstetrical, the Medico Legal, and the Alumni of the University of Pennsylvania ; the Association of Blockley ex-Resident Physicians, and the Alumni Society of the Auxiliary Department of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, and also the Northern Medical Society. He is a member of many years' standing of the American Legion of Honor, and the Knights and Ladies of Honor ; the latter of which he is Medical Examiner. JAMES BAYNES WALKER, M.D. Was born December 15, 1846. He is the son of Thomas R. and Mary B. Walker, of Chester Valley, his paternal ancestor being the original purchaser of the tract from the Proprietor of Pennsylvania. He was educated at the Friends' Central School of this city. His medical education was received at the University of Pennsylvania, graduating from there in 1S72. After graduating he was appointed on the staff at the Philadelphia Hospital (Blockley) as resident phy- sician, serving from April, 1872, until June, 1873. ^ n *S74 he graduated as Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Pennsyl- vania. In 1876 Dr. Walker was elected to the visiting staff of the Philadelphia 'Hospital. In 1879 h e was elected Professor of the Practice of Medicine at the Women's Medical College of Pennsyl- vania, which position he held until this year (1S91), when increas- ing duties in the practice of medicine compelled him to resign. He has been the Secretary of the American Climatological Asso- ciation since its organization in 1S83. He is a Fellow of the Col- lege of Physicians of Philadelphia, a member of the Count}- Medi- cal Society, the Pennsylvania State Medical Society, the American Medical Association, the Philadelphia Obstetrical Society, the Phil- adelphia Pathological Society, A. M. P. O. Society of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, and a member of many other societies. He occupies the position of Consulting Physician to the Women's Hospital of Philadelphia, as well as the Women's Hospital of West Philadelphia. Among his numerous writings may be mentioned a manual on the Physiological Action of Medicines, of which, in conjunction with Dr. Louis Starr, he is the author. He is also the author of numerous published clinical lectures and papers in the medical journals of the day. In addition to these he is Associate Editor of The Climatologist. Dr. Walker married in 1873 Martha M. Abraham, of Upper Merion, Pa., and has three children — two daughters and a sou. SAMUEL E. WALKER, M.D. Was born June 17, 1854, at Holmesburg, Twenty-third Ward of Philadelphia. His father, Robert Walker, was for many years a prominent business man of the city. For a long time he was in the grocery business on Chestnut street, near Second. Young Sam- uel was given a public school education, partly in this city and partly in Atlantic county, New Jersey. This was added to by the private tuition obtained from his sister, Sarah Dungan Walker, a noted classical scholar and teacher. Dr. Walker intended origi- nally to adopt the drug and chemical business as his life work, and with this end in view entered the College of Pharmacy of this city, where he received the degree of Ph.D. and his diploma in materia medica, pharmacy ami chemistry after a four years' course ending in 1S74. In 1876 he opened a drug and chemical store at Ninth and Catharine streets, in the Third Ward, which he continued for four- teen years. In 1NS2 he matriculated at the Jefferson Medical College, and after a two years' course graduated from that in- 262 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA MS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. stitution. Shortly after graduating he was appointed assistant phy- sician to the Ear Department at the Jefferson College. For eight years he was connected with the Soathwark Church Dispensary and at present is physician in charge of that worthy charity. Dr. Walker's public works have thrown him into contact with a num- ber of societies, which gradually accumulating, find him to-day one of the busiest practitioners in that particular class of wi irk ; i. e.. medical examiner of orders and lodges. He is the medical examiner of South wark Lodge, Fraternal Guardians; Cohocksiuk Lodge, Order of Amity; first medical examiner elected by the Knights of the Golden Eagle in Pennsylvania ; also Local Branch No. 56, Order of Iron Hall; Sisterhood Branch, No. 666, same order; district medical examiner Order of Vesta, and numerous other organizations. He is a member of Mount Moriah Lodge, F. A. M.; Malta Castle, K. G. E.; present grand instructor K. G. E. in Pennsylvania; member of Grand Castle, K. G. E.; Star of Beth- lehem Lodge, K. F. P.; Wissinoming Tribe, I. O. R. M.; Cohock- sink Lodge, Order of Amity; National Lodge, Order of Vesta; Delta Lodge, O. of V.; Southwark Lodge, Fraternal Guardians; Branch 56, O. I. H. ; South- wark Lodge, I. 0. O. F. He is married to Miss Detes, of Phil- adelphia. ian tumors, febroid tumors of the uterus, pora and peri mctrils. In 1 S74 lie was elected to the obstetrical staff of the Philadelphia Hospital. He performed many of the advanced operations in Gynaecology. He resigned this position in 1881 and has since devoted himself to his private practice. He has made diseases of women a special study and has one of the best appointed private hospitals in this city. Dr. Warder was the orator <>l Medical College Alumni Association in 1886 and pronounced an eloquent eulogy upon his friend and patron Prof. S. D. Gross. He was an active member of the Executive Committee of the Alumni Association for a number of years, and for a time Chairman of the Committee. He was active in raising funds to build the present Jefferson Medical College Hospital and a strong advocate for ad- vanced medical technics. He is also a member of the Memorial Baptist Church. JAMES CORNELIUS WILSON, M.D. WM. H. WARDER, M.D. Was born near Russell- ville, Logan countv, Ky., June 12, 1833. His father, the Rev. Wm. Warder, was a distin- guished Baptist divine, whilst his mother, Margaret More- head, was a sister of Gov. Chas. S. Morehead, of Ken- tucky. Dr. Warder was edu- cated at the Russellville Male Academy. When sixteen years old he came to Philadelphia, intending to learn the drug business. He was induced by Dr. Paul B. Goddard, a then prominent pharmacist a n d teacher, to study the other branches of medicine. Before completing his studies he was called home by the illness of his mother, who lived near In- crease, Tenn. He shortly after commenced the drug business in Increase, in the meanwhile prosecuting his medical stud- ies. In 1S59 he graduated in medicine at the University of Nashville, Tenn. He soon gained a reputation in surgery and general practice. From 1862 to 1864 the armies of the United States Government and the Southern States overran the country where the Dr. then lived, and as he was one of the few prominent men in that section who adhered to the Union, he was forced to confine himself to town work within the Federal lines. In 1864 he removed to this city where he had married in 1855 Miss Josephine Stager, cousin of General Anson Stager, and who from her mother's side is a descendant of General Green of Revolutionary fame. By this marriage he has two daughters and one son. His oldest daughter married Mr. Frank S. Lewis, and his second daughter married Mr. John P. Crozer, son of Samuel Crozer of Ashland, Pa. His son is a practicing physician, being a graduate of both the Jefferson Medical College and the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania. He is also the general manager of his father's private hospital. Soon after Dr. Warder came to Philadelphia he formed the ac- quaintance of Prof. S. D. Gross, and an attachment was formed that lasted until the death of the latter. It was this attachment 110 doubt that formed the medical life and future successes of Dr. Warder. Attending closely the lectures and clinics of Prof. Gross, he, in 1S66 began a course of examinations of studies upon surgery in connection with the Jefferson Medical College. In 1S67, 186S, he gave private lectures upon Inflammation and its results. From this time until 1875 he gave private lectures upon obstetrics and diseases of women, use and abuse of the obstetrical forceps, ovar- William H. Warder, M.D. Just elected to the chair at the Jefferson College, lately va- cated by Dr. J. M. Da Costa, was born March 25, 1847. He is the oldest son of the late Dr. Elwood Wilson, a distin- guished practitioner of medi- cine in this city, and of Hanna Paul Shallcross. His early edu- cation was acquired at the Friends' Central High School under Principal Aaron B. Ivins. He then went to Philips Exe- ter Academy in New Hamp- shire, where under David Malin he was prepared for Yale, which he entered in 1S63. In 1864 he entered Princeton, from which he graduated in 1.S67. His classical education being com- pleted , he was thoroughly pre- pared for the studious life of his chosen profession. Enter- ing Jefferson Medical College of this city, after a two years' course he graduated in March, 1869. He then became a pupil of the well known physician, Dr. W. W. Keen and afterwards of Dr. Frank Morey. He was house physician to the Wills Eye Hospital for about six months and in 1S71 was elected to the Pennsylvania Hospital as resident physician. He then went abroad to continue his studies, spending most of one year in the hospitals of Ger- many' and Austria, principally in Vienna. On his return to this country he was elected Chief of the Medical Clinic under Dr. Da Costa, which he held for four years. In 1877 he met with a rail- road accident in which he was seriously injured, necessitating his entire withdrawal from the profession. Previous to this he was ap- pointed Physician to the Philadelphia and Jefferson Hospitals. January I, 1890, he resigned the former position on account of his increasing private practice. In 1889 he was appointed Physician to the St. Agnes Hospital which he resigned the following year, afterwards becoming attending physician which he still retains. He is a member of the County Medical Society ; the Pathol, Society, of which he was President from 1S86 to 18SS ; the American Philosophical Society ; one of the original members of the Amer- ican Association of Physicians and Pathologists ; a member of the American Climatologieal Society and also of the Pediatric A tion. He is also au'active Fellow of the College of Physicians of this city. He married the daughter of Wm. Grosholz who has borne him two children. W. REYNOLDS WILSON, M.D. Dr. W. Reynolds Wilson was born in this city October 31, 1863, being a younger sou of the late Elwood Wilson, M. D. His educa- tion began at the North Broad Street Institute for young men and 263 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. boys, George Eastburn principal, after which lie was sent to St. Paul's school, New Hampshire, a noted college of that State. After grad- uating from there he entered Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, from which he graduated in 1886. After finishing at Harvard he took the regular graded course of medicine at the Jefferson Medical College of this city. Supplementing this by a trip abroad where he continued his studies in Vienna. Also as Interne of Fraueu Blinik, Munich, Bavaria, under Professor Winckel. Returning to this country in 1890 Dr. Wilson immediately took up the practice of medicine. He was appointed visiting physician to the Philadelphia Lying-in-Charity, physician to Dispensary for dis- eases of women, attached to the German Hospital, and also resi- dent physician on the staff at the Philadelphia (Blocklev) Hospital. He is a member of the Pathological and County Medical Societies of this city. His literary work is confined to the pages of the University Magazine, he being a colaborator with Drs. Hirst and R. C. Norris on the obstetrical department of that book. Dr. VV. E.eynolds Wilson has a constantly en- larging general family practice and his successes in his chosen field of labor prove him to be a worthy successor to his hon- ored father. MATTHEW WOODS, M. D. Matthew Woods, M. D., one of Philadelphia's most popular physicians and a well known author, was born in Ireland, May 28, 1S47. His mother, Cathariue Wauchop, was a descendant of the re- nowned Dr. Wauchop, of Col- mar, who fled from France after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. His father, Samuel Woods, was a worker in iron. Young Woods was educated in a strictly religious and thorough manner, but when he was onlj' sixteen years of age he ran away from home and came to America, just before the end of the War of the Rebellion. Although a mere boy he soon saw active service in the Navy. On board the " Princeton " he was at the Charleston blockade, and was soon after actively engaged on the sloop of war "John Ad- ams." He was four months on the monitor " Nantucket," and after a gallant and useful career, at the close of the war, he was ordered to the " Tacony " and visited the West India Islands. He was honorably discharged after serving three years and a month. The young sailor now determined to enter the medical profes- sion. He began his studies with Dr. Kemble, of Union county, in this State, and he finished his medical education at the University of Pennsylvania under Dr. James Collins. Dr. Woods practiced his profession for fourteen years, and then he went home to Ireland and traveled through Great Britain and the greater part of Europe. The result of his travels appeared in a book entitled the " Rambles of a Physician," which hrought him both fame and money, and enrolled him among the popular authors of the city. Dr. Woods was the first among the regular profession to intro- duce to Philadelphia the old custom of dispensing his own medi- cine, a practice which, because of its greater securitv, is being adopted, to some extent, by the profession at large. Dr. Woods is married to Emily L., daughter of the late George W. Huntzinger, Treasurer of the Philadelphia Coal Company. He has a family of four sons and one daughter. He is a member of the County Medical Society and has a large general practice scattered all over the city. His office is at 1307 South Broad street. THOMAS J. YARROW, M.D. Was born in Alloway, Salem countv, N. J., February [3, 1840. His father, Thomas J., Sr., was also a physician, as well as the latter's father, Thomas, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. For three generations have the Yarrows been known as successful, conscientious, upright physicians. His earliest educa- tion was received in the village schools of his native place, after which lie was sent to the Alleutown Seminary, now the Muhlen- berg College of Pennsylvania. He received his diploma from the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, March 1, 1861. In partnership with his father, he practiced his profession until the following October, when becoming imbued with the war spirit that spread over the country at that time, he entered the army as Assistant Surgeon. He was soon promoted to Surgeon and spent two and a half years in active military service. Having served this time between the Army of the Potomac, the Hospital of Philadelphia and the Department itself. He left the army in 1S64, since which time lie has been in active practice in this city. Some years ago he was Consulting Physician oil the Staff of St. Mary's Hospital. He is a Fel- low of the College of Physi- cians of this city ; a member of the Countv Medical Society, and also a member of the Phil- adelphia Obstetrical Society. Dr. Yarrow married in Decem- ber, 1863, Miss Matilda, daugh- ter of Thomas H. Craige, Esq., and is the father of four chil- dren. His life has been a busy one, and has prevented him from giving to the world his medical experiences for publi- cation, with the exception of a few papers to the medical journals. JAMES K. YOUNG, M.D. There is no specialty that is attracting more attention to-day from the medical pro- fession than that of Ortho- paedic Surgery. Among the brightest and best of the Phil- adelphia surgeons in this par- ticular specialty may be men- tioned Dr. James K. Young. Born in Trenton, N. J., in 1S62. His early education was re- ceived in the public and private schools, entering the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania in [880, Yarrow, M.D. alu l graduating three years later. He was Assistant Resi- dent at the Philadelphia Dispensary for one year. In 18S4 and [885 lie acted as Resident Physician at the Philadelphia (Blocklev) Hospital. In 1886 he was appointed Instructor in Orthopedic Surgery and Assistant Demonstrator of Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania. During the year 1889 he was appointed Attending Orthopedic Surgeon at the Hospital of the University of Pennsyl- vania ; also, Lecturer on Orthopaedic Surgery at the Polyclinic in this city. Dr. Young was appointed as ophthalmic expert by the United States Government for the Bureau of Pensions, with head- quarters at Trenton, N. J , which position he still occupies. He is a member and one of the Directors of the Countv Medical Society ; a member of the Pathological Society ; a Fellow of the College of Physicians; a member of the American Medical Association, and a member of the American Orthopaedic Association ; he has been a constant contributor to all the medical magazines. His most im- portant work as an author may probably be considered his " Synop- sis of Human Anatomy " (18S9). He is now preparing a text book on orthopaedic surgery ; he is also the editor of section on Anatomy in the Universal Annual of Medical Science, and contributed a sec- tion to the Encyclopaedia of Diseases of Children, in conjunc- tion with the editor, on "Physical Developmental Children." In addition to his ability as an author and surgeon, Dr. Young has 264 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. invented a number of appliances in use in orthopaedic surgery. His Plantar Spring for fiat foot is in universal use among surgeons and hospitals. WALTER M. L. Z1EGLER, M. D. Walter M. L. Ziegler, M. D., was born at Mount Joy, Lancaster county, Pa., January 8, 1851. Alter being educated at private schools he entered Lafayette College, trom which institution he received the degree of A. B. and A. M. The year 1872 found him a student in the University of Pennsylvania. Graduating from the Medical Department in 1N74 he joined his father who was then one of the leading physicians of Lancaster county. After continuing his studies and practice under the direction of his father for a period of two years, Dr. Ziegler in 1876 came to this city and made it his home and field for future work. Shortly after his arrival here he was appointed chief of the Ear Clinic at the University of Penn- sylvania, and has since then filled many important positions, chief among which may be mentioned Assistant Aural Surgeon at the LTniversity Hospital ; Instructor in Otology, LTniversity of Penn- sylvania ; Lecturer on Laryngology at the Philadelphia Dispensary ; Aural Surgeon to Presbyterian Orphanage, and Out Surgeon to St. Joseph's Hospital. Aside from his large private practice Dr. Ziegler is found a welcome member of the different medical societies to which he belongs, the principal of which arc the College of Physi- cians, the State and County Medical Societies, the Obstetrical, the Pathological, and the Medical Legal Societies. He is also a promi- nent factor in the clean political faction of the Twenty-ninth Ward in which he lives, and is a representative of that element of the Ward in the School Board. Dr. Ziegler comes of a notable medical family. His father, one of the most prominent physicians of Lan- caster county, was a former President of the State Medical Society of Pennsylvania. His great-grandfather having the honor of being one of the earliest graduates of the LTniversity of Pennsylvania [1783]. A number of other members of the family in the past generation being prominent medical men. HENRY C. REGISTER, M.D., D.D.S. Was born in New Castle county, Delaware, August 28, 1S44. He had all the benefits of refined anil educated surroundings. His father, Isaac H. Register, a retired merchant, gave him a good aca- demic education at the Elkton Academy, Md. His medical educa- tion, starting at the Philadelphia Dental College, from which he graduated in 1S66; then at Jefferson in 1874, where he received his degree of M. D.; afterward a clinical teacher at the Pennsylvania Dental College; also at the University of Pennsylvania, Dental De- partment, gave him a practical and theoretical advantage which he has never failed to profit by. Among his most important papers, showing his ability for original research, is that on " The Use of Compressed Hot Air in the Germicide Treatment of Dental Caries." He has contributed many articles to the medical journals on mat- ters pertaining to dental subjects. Dr. Register as an inventor has produced quite a number of mechanical contrivances for dental service, and his offices are a conspicuous example of his wonderful inventive genius. He is a member and ex-president of the State Dental Society of Pennsylvania and also of the Pennsylvania 1 Idontological Society. He is also a member of the Art Club. He married MissSita, the daughter of B. H. Bartol, who has borne him three children, two boys and a girl. WILLIAM B1DDLE ATKINSON, M.D. Prof. Atkinson was born in Haverford, Delaware county, Pa., in 1832. His family removing to Philadelphia soon after, he re- ceived his early training and education in this city. He was a member of the first class in the Central High School that received the degree of Bachelor of Arts, in 1850. He at once entered the office of the late Samuel McClellan, M. D., as a student of medi- cine, and in the fall of that year matriculated in the Jefferson Med- ical College, receiving the degree of M. D. in 1853. In 1855 he was granted the Master of Arts degree. He entered upon the prac- tice of medicine, and for several years served as one of the physi- cians to the dispensary of the House of Industry. He entered the Philadelphia County Medical Society in 1S54 and in 1857 w as elected its assistant secretary, then secretary, in which position he served for a number of years. He then became a vice-president, and in 1S73 was elected its president. Forseveral years he reported the proceedings of this society in the medical journals which event- ualh- led to his association with the Medical and Surgical Reporti r as assistant editor. On severing this connection with the paper, at the request of the late Prof. Samuel D. Gross he took charge of the Department of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Chil- dren of the Xorih American Medico-Chirurgical Review , which he continued until the discontinuance of the journal. In 1S61 he was elected physician to the Howard Hospital, which he still retains, being at present chief of the Department of Children's Diseases. In 1S59 he was appointed assistant to the professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children in the Pennsylvania Medical College. His connection with this institu- tion ceased in 1861, when the school was closed. In 1863 the State Medical Society of Pennsylvania, after he had served as a member of its Committee of Publication for several years, elected him its first permanent secretary, in which positioii he edited its transac- tions for many years. In 1S64 the office of permanent secretary of the American Medical Association was created, and he was elected to that office, which he still retains. In 1877 Dr. Atkinson was elected by the faculty of Jefferson College lecturer on diseases of children, and afterwards to the same position in the post-graduate course. In 1887 he was chosen professor of sanitary science and pediatrics in the Medico-Chirurgical College. He has long held the position of a trustee in the Philadelphia Dental College, and holds a similar positioii in several other associations. In addition to many papers in the medical journals, he is the author of "The Phy- sicians and Surgeons of the Lhiited States, "Therapeutics of Gyne- cology and Obstetrics," etc. For several years he issued as editor the Medical Register and Directory of Philadelphia. During the late war he served as acting assistant surgeon L'nited States Army. 265 j 1 f J?3Mii C.^*^ siSPi ffi gjqj ■ asifi nm T l . jfif t ■ *^ ^SLJLh.W.^lm^0^ I C.W i»WP HEWITT. Architects HAHNEMANN MEDICAL COLLEGE, Broad Street above Bace, Pb.ilndelpu.ia. Bny t ^i/ft ***&. rTf s8te v T US' ^ Y v feffeFJl;^ /% a til. £Jk|Lir_:v ^Ss^ -#**t- HAHNEMANN HOSPITAL, 1 .li. ■.■mli Street above Kaee, Pbilailelphi PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. THE HAHNEMANN MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL The new buildings of this institution occupy a prominent situation on Broad street, above Race street, extending through to Fifteenth street. The college building fronting on Broad street is an imposing structure four stories in height, with a high basement, in a modified style of Gothic architecture and built of brick with terra-cotta and brown-stone trimmings. The building presents a front of seventy feet, with a depth of one hundred feet, having a central, richly ornamented tower, terminating in a pyramidal spire. The main entrance on Broad street is flanked by double columns of polished granite with deeply recessed arches above and ap- proached by a double flight of massive steps. The interior has been carefully planned, and is provided with laboratories, lecture rooms, professors' private rooms, anatomical museum, reading room and library of seven thousand volumes; in short, with everything neces- sary for imparting a thorough medical education. The hospital buildings, four in number, include a handsome structure, fronting on Fifteenth street, in a style of architecture conforming to that of the college, one hundred and twelve by forty- five feet, and four stories high with a high basement. In this building are private rooms for patients, nurses' quarters, children's wards, superintendent's office, board room, etc. In the rear of this stands the administration building, forty -five by eighty feet and four stories in height. In the upper stories are located the kitchen and laundry, while the other floors contain private rooms, servants' quarters, resident physicians' office, receiving ward, children's ward, chapel, etc. In the rear of this is a building 26 bv 120 feet, three stories high, with five large public wards, isolating rooms for special patients, and furnished with seventy beds. The rear building of the series is fifty by seventy feet, three stories high, and appropriated to dispensary work. A large clinical amphi- theatre extends through the two upper stories, with seatings for four hundred. In the basement of this building are located the electric plant and boilers for power and steam heating. On the first floor is placed the pharmacy, while eighteen rooms in this building and the basement of the southern wing of the public wards are devoted to the uses of the dispensary. The attendance in this de- partment is exceedingly large, averaging about twelve hundred per mouth, and requiring daily the service of some twenty physicians. Uniting all these buildings on each floor is a corridor fourteen feet wide, making them practically one. Six wide porches on the south side of the administration building and communicating with the several floors, give ample opportunities for the patients to en- jov the air and sun. Fire escapes communicate with these, giving easy exit from all parts of the buildiug. The rooms for private patients, some thirty in number, are large, light and well- ventilated by open fire-places and furnished with even- comfort and con- venience. The buildings are supplied with two hydraulic elevators, are heated by steam and lighted by electricity. They have been con- structed upon the most improved sanitary principles, are thoroughly equipped in all departments, and have a capacity of one hundred and twenty-five beds. While the clinical facilities offered by the hospital are of the highest importance to the student of the college, the educational influence of the institution has been still further increased by the organization of a training school for nurses. The entire cost of college and hospital buildings, including ground and furnishing, has amounted to about five hundred thousand dollars (f 500,000). The first Homceopathie Hospital in Philadelphia was chartered in 1850, and opened in a building on Chestnut street near the east end of the bridge. In 1S62, under the same charter, a hospital was opened on Cuthbert street in the rear of the college building on Filbert street. Here, during the war were treated many sick and wounded soldiers and others. In 1S70, this building was torn down and a new and larger building erected, thus greatly increas- ing the facilities for hospital work. In 1884, a consolidation of the charters of the college and hospital was effected, thus bringing both institutions under the management of one corporation. Owiug to the central and con- venient location of this institution, it has been able to do a vast amount of good, having treated over three hundred thousand cases in its wards and out-patient departments since its organization. It is rapidly becoming one of the most useful in the city, as is shown by the fact that in the ten months since the opening of the new buildiug (October 21, 18901 over one thousand accident cases have been brought to and treated in the institution. The Hahnemann Medical College was organized in 1S4S, under the name of "The Homceopathie Medical College of Pennsyl- vania," and began its career in a buildiug in the rear of No. 627 Arch street. In 1849, it removed to Filbert street, above Eleventh, where it remained until the completion of the new buildings. In 1S69 it was consolidated with a rival school and the name 1 to the " Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia." The new building on Broad street was completed and dedicated September 21, 1886. Since the consolidation, the college ha prosperous and annually graduates a large class. The Alumni a't the present time number nearly two thousand. The Hahnemann College lias been active in all movements for the elevation of the standard of medical education, and was the first medical college in the country to organize and announce a three years' graded course. The annual session commences Octo- ber 1. and closes April 1. The first Facultv of the college organized in 1848, included the names of Jacob Jeans, M. D. ; Caleb B. Mathews, M. D. ; Walter Williamson, M. D., and William A. Gardiner, M. D., all of whom are now deceased. Later in the history of the college have ap- peared the names of Doctors Herring^ Kitchen, Semple, Cox, Hemple, McClatchey, Guernsey, Farrington and Martin, none of whom — with the exception of Dr. James Kitchen, now ninety-one years old — survive. The officers of the corporation at the present time are as fol- lows : Hon. Wm. B. Hanna, D.C.L., President; Wm. McGeorge, Jr., Vice-President ; Wm. C. Hannis, Secretary; J. W. McAllister, Treasurer. Facultv of the College : O. B. Gause, M. D., Emeritus Professor of Obstetrics; A. R. Thomas, M.D., Dean, Professor of Anatomy; B. Frank Betts, M.D., Professor of Gynaecology and Paediatrics; Pemberton Dudley, M.D., Professor of Institutes of Medicine and Hygiene ; Chas. M. Thomas, M.D., Professor of Clinical Surgery and Ophthalmology ; John E. James, M.D., Registrar, Professor of Surgery ; Charles Mohr, M.D., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics; W. C. Goodno, M.D., Pro- fessor of Pathology and the Practice of Medicine ; J. Nicholas Mitchell, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics; Eugene L. Oatley, M.D., Professor of Chemistry; William H. Bigler, M.D.. Professor of Physiology ; R. B. Weaver, M.D., Lecturer on Surgical Anatomy and Demonstrator of Anatomy; E. M. Howard, M.D., Lecturer on Pharmacy, Toxicology and Materia Medica; Horace F. Ivins, M.D., Lecturer on Laryngology and Otology ; W. S. Roney, A.M., Lecturer on Jurisprudence ; W. B. Van Lennep, M.D., Lecturer on Surgery and General Pathology; E. R. Snader, M.D., Lecturer and Demonstrator of Physical Diagnosis; Edward M. Gramm, M.D., Lecturer on Dermatology and Syphilologv ; Clarence Bartlett, M.D., Lecturer on Medical Electricity and Xeurologv ; O. S. Haines, M.D., Lecturer on Clinical Medicine ; J. H. Hairier, M.D., Demonstrator of Chemistry ; F. W. Messerve, M.D., Demonstrator of Normal and Pathological Histologv ; E. W. Mercer, M.D., Demonstrator of Obstetrics ; L. W. Thompson, M.D., Demonstrator of Surgery; Isaac G. Smedley, M.D., Demonstrator of Gynae- cology ; Theo. L- Chase, Librarian and Secretary to the Dean. HERBERT E. ALDRICH, M.D. Dr. Aldrich was born in Otsego county, X. V., July 2S, 1856, and received his classical education from the graded schools of that district. Having to shift for himself at a very early age, he turned his thoughts to teaching. This pursuit he followed for a period of ten years, devoting what spare time he had to the study of medi- cine. He taught at the different schools in Otsego, his birth-place, Rome and Chenango counties, N. V. His medical education was continued at Aftou, Chenango county, from whence he came to this city in the fall of 1881. He received his diploma from the Hahne- mann Medical College of Philadelphia after a finishing course of two years, in 1SS3, and to further increase his knowledge of practi- cal mediciue he spent three years in the Dispensary Department of the College Hospital. Starting out for himself thus so ably equipped, he opened an office on South Tenth street, afterward re- moving to South Broad street, where he has permanently located, and where he has been for the past five years. He is a member of the County Homoeopathic Society of Philadelphia. Doctor Aldrich married Miss B. M. Leatherbury, of Camden, X.J.,and has one child, a boy, Earnest, aged four years. JOSHUA ALLEN, M.D. Was born at North Penn, Delaware, in the year 1S51. His father, Captain Joshua Allen , followed a seafaring life for fifty years, and was one of the most noted and prominent mariners of our mer- chant navy. During his youth Dr. Allen came to Philadelphia and entered the public schools, graduating with honors. Being irresistibly PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA NS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. drawn toward the practice of medicine he commenced the stud}' of the same in the year 1S74, entering himself as a student in the Hahnemann Medical College of this city in 1876, graduating two years later. Immediately upon receiving his diploma Dr. Allen, then in his twenty-seventh year, located himself in the northeast- ern part of the city, and after a short struggle established his repu- tation and became the recipient of a growing practice which he increased year after year. He has been highly successful in all branches of his profession, but he has made a special study of the treatment of consumption of the lungs. Dr. Allen has been pursuing what he believes to be an original field of research as regards the cause and cure of consumption of the lungs, and as a result of these investigations he has arrived at conclusions largely at variance with the commonly accepted cause of this heretofore considered fatal disease. He is happily married to Miss Maggie, the daughter of the late Mr. John Hughes, a prominent carpet manufacturer of this city, and is the father of one child. MARY BRANSON, M.D. The history and progress of Homoeopathy in Philadel- phia would be incomplete without proper notice being taken of the influence upon it by the professional life of Dr. Mary Branson. Educated at the Friends' School of this city- she early displayed an earnest desire to help her fellow wo- men. With this object in view she entered as a student the Women's Medical College, of Philadelphia, graduating from there in 1873. Her adaptability and force of character soon at- tracted the attention of her superiors. She was offered and accepted the position of resi- dent physician of the hospital connected with this college, which she held for a period of three years. During her entire studies she was treated with marked respect and courtesy bv her fellow students, both in clinics and lectures. Adopting Homoeopathy as her chosen field she soon acquired an ex- tensive practice, which is con- ceded to be the largest general practice of any female practi- tioner in this city to-day. She is an active member of both the County and State Homoeo- pathic Medical Societies and is vice-president and one of the original organizers of the Women's Medical Club of Philadelphia. Not a small part of the popularity and fame of Doctor Branson is due to her untiring efforts towards the elevation of nurses to their present important plane. She has delivered five courses of lectures to nurses, and one course to the nurses at Blocklcy, which has proven to be of incalculable value to that most important adjunct of the sick room — trained nurses. cal fraternity, the principal of which may be mentioned: "Can Hour-Glass Contraction of the Uterus be Produced by Unnecessary Manipulation of the Uterus," "Puerperal Peritonitis and Patholo- gical Prescribings," " A Case of Unclosed Urachus," and others. For some years Dr. Buchanan had his office on South Fifth street, afterwards moving to South Broad street, where he is now. He married a Miss Leary, daughter of John Leary, a merchant of this city. The Doctor takes pride in his chosen profession, and always has one or more students under his care, one of whom after graduating now occupies a responsible position in the College De- partment of Hahnemann. William K. Brown WILLIAM K. BROWN, M.D. Was born in Kensington, the northeastern suburb of the old city proper. His grandfather and his great-grandfather claimed that old historic district as their birthplace. Dr. Brown was born on the 19th of August, 1850. St. Michael's School, Second and Jefferson streets, which was the nucleus from which the celebrated and widely known La Salle College of this city was formed, gave him the earliest encourage- ment for study and laid the foundation for his eminently popular and successful career. After leaving the Preparatory School of St. Michael's he entered the Niagara Univer- sity, Niagara county, N. Y. Graduating from there with the full measure of honors, he entered the Hahnemann Medi- cal College of this city in the spring of 1869. Graduating in 1S72, he immediately com- menced the practice of his pro- fession. Within a short time he became the acknowledged leading physician of the New School in the locality in which he was known as boy and man. Dr. William K. Brown's suc- cess has followed him in finan- cial channels as well as in the professional ones. He is a member of the board of direc- tors of the Red Stone Oil, Coal and Coke Company , with mines at Fayette county, Pa., and offices in this city, and is also a director of the National Real Estate Company of Philadel- phia. Dr. Brown married Mary, the eldest daughter of the 'late Hon. William V. McGrath, ex-State Treasurer of Pennsylvania, of whose estate he is one of the executors and trustees. He is also a member of the Pennsylvania State Homoeopathic Society, as well as the American Institute of Homoe- opathy, and a member of the Alumni Association of Niagara Uni- versity and was treasurer of this association from 1883 to 1SS6. FRANCIS BUCHANAN, M.D. Was born in Carroll county, Maryland, in the year 1847. Dr. Buchanan received his classical education in the public schools, and it was only through dint of labor and hard work that he accu- mulated enough money to enter as a student of the Hahnemann Medical College of this city. Graduating in 1879 he immediately began the practice of medicine, taking up as his specialty obstetrics aud the cure of diseases of women and children. Dr. Buchanan is a member of the Boenninghausen Club, the Philadelphia County Homoeopathic Society, the Pennsylvania State Homoeopathic Societies. The Doctor, as a writer and analyst, has written various papers that have attracted a great deal of attention among the medi- C. H. BROWN, M.D. This popular homoeopathic practitioner was born in Lancaster, Pa., on May S, 1S57. He is the son of Edwin H. Brown, for thirty years cashier of the Farmers' National Bank at Lancaster. Dr. Brown graduated at the Lancaster High School and then attended the Franklin aud Marshall College. He began his career by work- ing in the bank under his father. His earlier ideas had all tended toward the study of medicine, and, after following his father's busi- ness for a few years, young Brown determined to study medicine. In 1S75, accordingly, he entered the Medical Dep-.rtment of the University of Pennsylvania and graduated in 187S with honors. His preceptor was the late Charles T. Hunter. In September, 187s, Dr. Brown was appointed one of the resi- dent physicians in the Philadelphia Hospital, and a year later he became assistant physician in the male wards of the Insane De- 26S PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. ticed until June, 1S91, when he removed to his present office 4830 Main street. He is in general practice ; is a member of the Ameri- can Institute of Homoeopath}'; of the State and County Medical Societies; of the Executive Committee of the Alumni Association of Hahnemann Medical College, and is a writer for the medical journals, especially for the " New York Medical Times." partment. After obtaining good and useful knowledge in the great hospital, in 1SS0 Dr. Brown returned to Lancaster and began prac- ticing. He also accepted appointments as attending physician to the Lancaster County Hospital, and secretary to the Lancaster Board of Health. After seven years practice, Lancaster became too small for the rising young practitioner, and he sought a larger field for his work by removing, in 1S87, to Philadelphia, wdiere he started in practice in the northwest part of the city. Then it was that Dr. Brown exhibited his strength of mind and firmness of purpose. After a careful investigation of the principles of homoeopathy, by which he was convinced of their truth, he identified himself October 7, 1842. His father, Daniel Castle, was a prosperous farmer, with the homoeopathic branch of the profession, and without en- Young David's earlier education was developed at Palmyra Acade- tirely discarding all the means and measures he formerly found my, Lebanon county, and after receiving an academic education, he useful, and without relinquishing his claim to an inheritance in the taught school for a few years. Tiring of this he accepted a position grand achievements of traditional medicine, he adopted the benefi- as a clerk in a business house in Harrisburg. He commenced the cent practices of the new schools, always claiming the privilege of study of medicine in the Fall of 1S70, but did not enter as a student, availing himself of every resource which the wit of man has de- the Hahnemann College of Philadelphia, until 1S71. His progress vised for the relief of suffering humanity, and acknowledging no here was rapid. After graduating he became assistant to Professor DAVID M. CASTLE, M.D. Was born in Lower Paxton township, Dauphin county, Pa. obligation superior to the par- amount one of doing the best for his patients. He has been offered many lucrative hospital appointments, but he refused them all, preferring to devote all his energies to his private practice which he now carries on at No. 1820 Diamond street. Dr. Brown has given some valuable contributions to the medical journals, and he is now under contract to furnish two articles a month to a prom- inent monthly magazine. He is a member of many secret societies, among them being the Lancaster Lodge of the Order of Odd Fellows and the Washington Encampment, the Lancaster Lodge of the Knights of Pythias, the Metamora Tribe of the Independent Order of Red Men, the Record Castle, Knights of the Golden Eagle, and the Mount Horeb Lodge, No. 52S, Free and Accepted Masons. He is also a member of the County Medical and State Medical Societies, of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, and of the In- ternational Home eopathic Con- gress that convened at Atlantic City last June. Dr. Brown married, in 1882, Flora W., daughter of the late Henry Snyder, of Col- umbus, N. J., and he has two children, a boy and a girl. Cause in teaching obstetrics. He afterwards became master of the quiz class in obstetrics. Dr. Castle's connection with the Dispensary of the Hahne- mann College covers a period of eight years. Dr. Castle's charities are numerous. The Southern Homoeopathic Dis- pensary, of which he was the head and front for a period of fourteen years is a monument to his fidelity and service in advancing the cause of human- ity. Dr. Castle has a hobby. He is an insatiable collector of Coleoptera (beetles). He has the largest known collection of anyone in the country. His specimens, arranged and classi- fied, amounting to one hun- dred thousand, cover nineteen thousand distinct species, hav- ing been gathered from all parts of the globe. The doctor is a member of the Philadel- phia Homoeopathic Society ; the Academy of Natural Sci- ences and other organizations. His wife, who died in 18S6, was the daughter of James and Sarah H. Maull, well known property owners in the old district of Southwark. ROWN, M. D. G. MAXWELL CHRISTINE, M.D. THOMAS HARRISON CARMICHAEL, M.D. Born January 27, 185S, in Philadelphia. He was educated in the public schools, and was graduated with the degree of A. B. from the Sixty-seventh Class of the Central High School. He sub- sequently pursued special studies in ancient languages with the design of taking a theological course, but was dissuaded from doing so on account of throat trouble. Entering mercantile life an early taste for chemistry and medicine led him to select the drug business, and for over a year he was practically in charge of a newly-estab- lished Homoeopathic Pharmacy in the northwestern part of the city. He then became the agent of Smith's Homoeopathic Pharmacy of New York, a position which he held for several years. Having thus an intimate knowledge of the resources of the New School he determined to enter the profession and matriculated at Hahnemann Medical College taking the three vears graded course aud graduating in 1886. After a competitive examination in New York City, he was appointed an interne at the Ward's Island Hospital. On the expi- ration of his term as Home Surgeon in that institution he located on Main street above Fisher's lane, Germantown, where he prac- Boru at Olney, Philadelphia, August 2, 1857. His earlier edu- cation was passed in the public schools of this city, graduat- ing from the Central High School, after which he took a graded course at Pierce's Business College. This preparatory edu- cation thoroughly equipped him for the medical training which he commenced at the University of Pennsylvania in the spring of 1877. In March, 18S0, he graduated from the University, and his thesis was one of the most noted of that remarkable class. His subject, " Sub-Arachnoid Spaces of the Brain, Optic Nerves and Spinal Column and Spinal Nerves," was most generously treated. After graduating Dr. Christine was connected with the Eye and Medical Department of the University for about two years. Then he received the appointment of demonstrator of pharmacy at the Medico-Chirurgical College for a period of one year, then was made adjunct professor of materia medica, and professor in the Auxiliary Department of Philology and English Composition, which position he held for nearly two years. Dr. Christine now resigned from these important positions, because at this time he was gradually drifting towards homoeopathy. Determining to adopt homoeopath v. Dr. Christine, although grounded in the tenets of the "< »ld School" faith, with a courage worthy of his convictions, entered into asso- ciation with the homoeopathic profession, and subsequently gradu- ated from the Hahnemann Medical College. His success with the 269 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. " New School " of medicine was as remarkable as his career with the Old. He has held positions at St. Christopher's Dispensary for Children, was for some time physician to the Homoeopathic Hos- pital, Twentieth and Susquehanna avenue, and for four years was visiting physician to the Methodist Home for the Aged. He is a member of the County and State Homceopathic Societies ; also a member of the American Institute of Homoeopathy. His writings have been numerous, his " General Remarks on Blood Letting, " "Shoulder Presentations," "Sequels of Typhoid Fever," and his "Medical Profession vs. Criminal Abortion," showing a remarkable faculty for analytical research. Dr. Christine married Amada E., daughter of Joseph Harrison, of St. Louis, and is blessed by the companionship of two children (boys). His father is the celebrated Frederick F. Christine, professor of political economy and mental science at the Central High School, Philadelphia. JAMES HARWOOD CLOSSON, M.D. Was born in Philadelphia November 27, 1862. His father, an officer in the United States Army, was killed in active service when the subject of this sketch was two years old. His early education was received in the public schools of his native city, upon the com- pletion of which he entered a private academy where he remained until he subsequently became a student of medicine under the pre- ceptorship of Doctor Gecrge H. Waters. In 1S83 Dr. Clossou en- tered the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia, and after attending the three year graded course of lectures graduated in the spring of 18S6. The same year, after a competitive examination, he was elected Resident Physician of the Children's Homoeopathic Hospital of this city, and the year following was honored bv a re- election by the Board of Directors, but resigned in order that he might enter into partnership with the late Dr. John Malin, of Ger- mantown. where he has since been actively engaged in practice. Dr. Closson is an active member of a number of medical socie- ties and clubs, the principal of which are : The American Institute of Homoeopathy, the Pennsylvania State Homreopathic Medical Society, the Philadelphia County Homoeopathic Medical Societv, the Germantown Medical Club. He is also a member of the Board of Directors and the Medical Board of the Children's Homceopathic Hospital of Philadelphia, and is Dermatologist to the same institu- tion. His contributions to medical literature consist of frequent articles to the medical journals and in the transactions of the various societies. WILLIAM H. GARDINER, M.D. Comes of a long ancestral line of physicians. His great- grandfather, William Gardiner, M. D., was apprenticed to the Pennsylvania Hospital for five years, which in those days was the mode of procedure instead of being entered as a student in one of the numerous colleges which flourish now in all parts of the world. The William Gardiner, great-grandfather of the present subject of this sketch, was a noted physician and surgeon of his day. The University of Pennsylvania conferred the degree of M. D. upon the grandfather, Richard Gardiner, who also became a successful general practitioner. William Ashton Gardiner, the son of Richard, and the father of William H. Gardiner, graduated from the Jefferson Medical College, but afterwards became converted to the New School of Medicine, and became one of the leading professors of the Homoeopathic Medical College of this city, occupving the Chair of Anatomy and Surgery for a period of six years. The war break- ing <>ut, Dr. Gardiner's father resigned his position at the college and joined the Eighty-first Pennsylvania Reserves, acting as surgeon for two years. He afterwards received the appointment of Brigade Surgeon which he was compelled to resign on account of his health. He died in 1864. Dr. William H. Gardiner was born September 21, 1852, in this city. He received his education in this city at the public schools, graduating from the High School. After leaving school he entered mercantile life, but the medical strain that coursed through the blood of his ancestors made itself felt, and he gave up business to enter the Hahnemann Medical College. He received his diploma from there in 1S79, an( l shortly afterwards was elected to the Chair of Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy, which place he filled for a period of three years. His practice increasing to such an extent, in justice to himself he was compelled to resign this position and devote his whole attention to the care of his patients. He is a member of the County Medical Societv ; the Homoeo- pathic Society of the State of Pennsylvania ; the Alumni Associa- tion of the Hahnemann Medical College and numerous other socie- ties. His office is located at No. 1521 Oxford street, in the centre of a refined and exclusive neighborhood. GEORGE W. GARDINER, M.D. Was born in the city of Philadelphia October 19, 1851. His parents, Archibald and Charlotte M. Gardiner, were well known in this city and Delaware county. He received his education from the public schools of this city, and obeying the wishes of his parents entered the law office of E. Cooper Shaplev. Reading law for some time under this able preceptor he gradually decided upon adopt- ing medicine as his chosen field. From the moment his decision was made to this day he has not had occasion to regret it. Matricu- lating at the Hahnemann Medical College of this city in the year 1873, then in his twenty-second year, young Gardiner determined to thoroughly master the law of Hahnemann. With this end in view he took a three-year course, which then was not obligatory, graduating in 1876. He has occupied many positions of promi- nence in his professional career. Dr. Gardiner was for two years in charge of the Ear and Throat Department of the Children's Homoeopathic Hospital on North Broad street, and was for one year a member of the Medical Board at the same institution. He has also occupied the position of Supreme Medical Examiner of the Order of Tonti, his jurisdiction covering four hundred lodges, embracing twenty-five thousand members He is also a prominent member of the County Homoeopathic Medical Societv of Pennsyl- vania. His practice is a general one but is gradually drifting into the special cure of the diseases of the ear and throat and also diseases of women. His wife, Mary E., is the daughter of Richard Brooks, of Philadelphia. He has a son, aged eleven years, and a daughter aged six years. SILAS GRIFFITH, M.D. The family of Griffith is of great antiquity, and has been iden- tified with the history of Wales during a period of several hundred years. The old homestead of the Griffith family was at Peurvth, in Caernarvonshire. They afterward moved over into Cardigan- shire and Pembrokeshire. Howell ap Griffith, of whom the sub- ject of this sketch is a descendant, was seated at Pembrokeshire in 1704, from which place his son Evan and wife embarked for Amer- ica. The vessel was captured by Spaniards, and they were carried to Mexico. After being ransomed by the British Government they sailed to Charleston, S. C. From there they came to Pennsylvania, where they purchased large tracts of land. There are numerous descendants of that branch of the family in the interior of Penn- sylvania, Philadelphia and other cities. Several of them are phy- sicians, one of whom was the late Benjamin Griffith, M. D. , of Bran- dy wine Manor, an eminent physician, an uncle of the subject of this sketch. Silas Griffith, M. D., was born in Chester comity, Pa. His par- ents were Nathan and Mary Griffith. The family removing to Philadelphia in 1S5S, his studies in the higher English branches were continued. Later he matriculated in the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia, and graduated from that institution in 1866. Soon afterward he entered upon the practice of medicine in Philadelphia, where he has acquired a large and lucrative practice, his clientage including many of the first families of the city. He is one of the visiting physicians of the Children's Homoeopathic Hos- pital, on North Broad street, also of the Home for Deaconesses, Philadelphia ; is a member of the American Institute of Homoeo- pathy, the State Medical Society of Pennsylvania, and the Phila- delphia County Medical Society. IRVIN B. GILBERT, M.D. Dr. Gilbert, the subject of this sketch, was born March 17, 1S55, in Montgomery county, Pa., his father, William Gilbert, being a well known citizen and farmer of that section, having for many years held the position of justice of the peace. His early educa- tion was obtained from the public schools, from there to Hills School, Pottstown, Montgomery county, Pa., afterwards going to the Preparatory Department of Muhlenberg College, where he en- tered in the Freshmen's Class. After leaving college he taught school for a few years, until in 1879 he entered the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia, where he commenced the study of homoeo- pathy. Going through the three years' graded course, Dr. Gilbert PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIA^. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. rcceivcl his diploma and was immediately appointed one of the medical staff of the dispensary attached to the Hahnemann Hospital, which position he occupied 'for about one year. His practice now is ageneral family practice, covering all the features of a regular homoeopathic physician. The doctor married Miss Laura C, daugh- ter of William P'. Laird. He has three children. He is a member of the American Institute of Homoeopathy and also a member of the Pennsylvania State Homeopathic Society. ELMER ELSWORTH HANCOCK, M.D. Among the self-made men who have attained social position and recognition of medical abilities through their own unaided efforts may be mentioned Dr. E. E. Hancock, who was born November 3, 1862, in Burlington county, New Jersey. Until his sixteenth vear he accepted the education which the neighboring county schools could afford to bestow. After receiving his educa- catiou from this source it was decided by his family that he should follow in the footsteps of his brother who had then begun to make a reputation as a suc- cessful Homoeopathic physi- cian. With this end in view he entered the preparatory schools of Princeton, N. J., to obtain a finish to his crude studies. Thus equipped he came to this city and entered the Hahnemann Medical Col- lege and after a three years' graded course he received his diploma. Joining his brother, Dr. Joseph Hancock, he im- mediately went into active practice. He continued under the guidance and tutelage of his brother for eighteen months. Dr. Elmer Elsworth Hancock then started out for himself and now has a large and growing general family practice, and success is stamped on his fore- head. He is a member of the Philadelphia County Homoeo- pathic Medical Society as well as other organizations. Dr. Hancock married in 1890 Miss Kate Melloy, of this city. He is located on North Seventeenth street, in the cen- tre of a refined and wealthy clientele. EDWIN S. HARRINGTON, M.D. lectures on Laryngology and Otology, but also through his corres- pondence with the leading homeopathic papers in the United States. At an early age his parents sent him to the county school near Perm's Manor, made famous as the residence of William Petiu. At the age of fourteen he was sent to Peircc's Boarding School, Bristol, Pa., having outgrown the limited educational resources of the countv school. After a three years' course he was sent to Swarthmore College to finish his education, but owing to ill health, was obliged to return home. In 1S74 he began reading medicine under the excellent tutelage of Dr. G. W. Kirk, of Bristol, Pa. Having regained his health, he entered the Hahnemann Colli 1876, from which he graduated three years later. His studious habits, remarkably apt, and almost marvelous quickness of diagnos- ing, soon attracted the attention of Professor C. M. Thomas, who called him to his assistance, and with whom he was associated in private and hospital work for some eighteen months. In April, 1881, Dr. Ivins still craving for higher know ledge in his profession, made a visit to Europe, where he spent a year in the hospitals of London and Vienna. Returning in 1882, he located at 1305 Arch street, shortly afterwards re- moving to 13 19 Arch, where he divides his time between lectures at his Alma Mater and the care of his patients ; by revising and edifying his new work on " Diseases of the Nose and Throat" [500 pp.] which will be issued in the fall of this year. Dr. Ivins' social life keeps pace with his professional one. Born of good stock, being the sou of Isaac and Sarah Ann Ivins, well-known throughout Bucks county. He married in April. 1888, Emma V. Melcher, the daughter of William H. Melcher, president and general manager of the Peerless Brick Works. His sister is the wife of ex-United States Senator Conover, of Florida. Another sister married Amos B. Headly, one of the representative fam- ilies of Bucks countv. He is a member of the American In- stitute of Homoeopathy. Was Secretary for three years at the Homoeopathic Society of the County of Philadelphia ; two years Recording Secretary of the State Homoeopathic Soci- ety, and for two years second Vice-President of the Alumni Association of the Hahnemann Medical Society of this city. Dr. Harrington was born at Dover, Delaware, September 10, 1S55. His father, David Harrington, was a prosperous farmer of those parts, and gave young Edwin all the advantages of the schools that the neighborhood could offer. He was kept at school until his nineteenth year, when entering into business for himself, he prospered, and although young in years, was considered one of the rising merchants in his section. Desiring to adopt medicine as his profession, he matriculated at the Hahnemann College of this city in the fall of 1882, graduating from that college in March, 1SS5. Locating on South Broad street, and still continuing a hard student. Doctor Harrington has gradually increased his general family practice until to-day he is one of the leading physicians in the southern section of the city. He is a prominent member of the Countv Medical Society, and also a member of the American Insti- tute of Homoeopathy. Irvin B. Gilbert, M. D. HORACE E. JAMES, M.D. HORACE F. IVINS, M.D. The subject of this sketch is a shining example of what con- stant study, energetic pursuit of a selected specialty and a sincere love of a chosen profession will accomplish. He was born in Bucks county, Pa., October 30, 1856. He has made his influence felt among a wide circle of admiring friends, not only in his admirable Is a native of the Quaker City, having been born in the neigh- borhood of Eighth and Noble streets, Philadelphia, on M:i\ 2\, 1856. After an education at the public schools of this city he spent some years travelling through Ohio, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas and Colorado, but like a faithful son he returned to his na- tive State in 1S79. After having acquired a general knowledge of the world through his travels and being thoroughly equipped mentally and physically for the duties of a "medical student, he decided to enter the Hahnemann Medical College of this city. After the usual course of study he graduated with honors, April I, 18S4. He im- mediately located in southern Philadelphia, and has been an active practitioner for the past seven years in that locality. Doctor James is an active member of the Pennsylvania State Homoeopathic Med- ical Society, as well as the County Society of Philadelphia and also a member of the Hahnemann Medical Club. Aside from his large practice Dr. James has found time to take an active interest in the building up of that part of the city which he has made his home. He has been a director in two and treas- urer of one building and loan association, and is a member of a number of societies and lodges. His friendly grip is well known among the members of the I*. & A. M., Empire Lodge and Lafa- yette Encampment, I. O. of O. F., United Friends, 0. of S., L F. A., F. L., and other organizations. His activity and organ- 271 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. izing qualities have made him a valuable member of the different societies of which he is either a member or medical examiner. He married Jennie N., daughter of Donald and Mary Nevin, and has two charming children, one a girl and the younger a boy. JOSEPH HANCOCK, M.D. Was born March 9, 1S51, at Hornerstown, N. J. He is the son of William Hancock, a farmer in moderate circumstances. Through his indomitable will power and force of character, Joseph Han- cock without doubt may be called a self-made man. Receiving his earlier education from the village school of his native place, during the winter session only, he became, after three years of hard and industrious labor, a teacher in that same school. Saving and frugal he hoarded up his small salary until sufficient had been acquired to send him for an advanced course to the Peddy Institute, Hightstown, N. J. After leaving here he entered the employ of John Taylor, of Trenton, N. J. He worked not for pleasure or the comfort money would give, but his young mind was ever desirous to reach the goal that education alone could furnish. From his savings he succeeded in enter- ing the Trenton Business Col- lege, where, after graduating, he secured the position of in- structor, teaching again for three years. With his small remuneration carefully saved, he came to this city and en- tered the Hahnemann Medical College. Graduating in 1S7S, he became a partner and assist- ant to Dr. Malorious Fedgely, the latter dying in 1S79. Dr. Hancock starting out for him- self soon acquired a large and profitable practice. In 1882 he moved to his present office, No. 1639 Columbia avenue. The doctor's practice is a general one with special lean- ing toward the treatment of the diseases of the throat and lungs. He is a member of the County and State Homoe- opathic Societies ; the Ameri- can Institute of Homoeopathy ; the Boenninghausen and other clubs. Dr. Hancock married May 14, 1879, Miss Alice, the daughter of William and Eliz- abeth Wilkinson, of Hamilton Square, N. J. He has two children, Judson, aged nine, and Byron, aged five. for some time, one of the heads of this department, as well as oc- cupying the position of Gynaecologist at the Hospital. Dr. Smedley is a prominent and influential member of the Countv and State Homoeopathic Societies ; a member of the Hahnemann Medi- cal Club and the Philadelphia Medical Club. Dr. Smedley married Elizabeth K., daughter of Edgar Hallowell. He is a member of the Society of Friends. Joseph Hancock 1. G. SMEDLEY, M.D. Dr. Smedley was born in Chester county, Pa., February 10, 1S55, and is the son of Thomas G. Smedley, well known in that section of the county as a respected and worthy farmer. His earlier education was received at the Friends' High School at West Chester, Pa., from which he was transferred to the Swarth- more College. He received the degree of B. S. from this college in 1S76. He afterwards took a summer course of Astronomy at the Harvard Observatory. Deciding upon adopting the medical pro- fession as his chosen field through life, he entered the Hahnemann Medical College of this city and after a thorough study continuing through a period of three years he graduated with much honor in 1S80. He was then appointed resident physician to the College Hospital which position he held for one year. Wishing to con- tinue his studies under more favorable conditions, Dr. Smedley visited London and was appointed Clinical Assistant in Soho Hos- pital, London ; for one \-ear he acquired the most valuable exper- ience in that world famous hospital. Returning to this country in 1883, Dr. Smedley located in this city and soon built up a large practice in his specialty — diseases of women. He identified him- self with his college (The Hahnemann) and was appointed on the staff of the Out-patient Department. He is now, and has been CHARLES H. SMITH, M. D. Among the large number of homoeopathic physicians who are known to the public at large owing to their continuous hard but quiet work among his people may be mentioned as one of the most prominent the subject of this sketch, Doctor Charles H. Smith. Born in Philadelphia March 22, 1S55, he entered early in life the public schools of this city. Graduating from the Central High School in 1S73, in the sixty-second class, he immediately com- menced the study of medicine at the Hahnemann Medical College. Taking the three -years' graded course he completed his stud- ies and received his diploma in the Centennial year. Im- mediately jumping into har- ness he soon formed about him a large and appreciative class of patients, which has naturally increased from year to year until to-day he stands well up toward the front with a clientele that a much older practitioner may well envy. He married Miss Fannie Getz, daughter of Frank W. Getz, a leading manufacturer of this city. DANIEL KARSNER, M.D. A Virginian by birth, but a Pennsylvauian by adoption, was born June 20, 1S42, son of Dr. Charles W. and L. M. Karsner. He was educated at and graduated from the High School of West Chester. Af- terwards entering the Jeffer- son Medical College, of this city, he graduated from that institution as an old school physician. Shortly after re- ceiving his diploma he joined the Fifth Corps Field Hos- pital, and was in commission until the army disbanded. Returning to this city he began the practice of his pro- fession, and for seven years devoted his whole time to it. He decided upon taking up homceopathy as an extra course, and the further he delved into it the more convinced did he become that it w-as the true practice and theory of medicine founded upon the law of cure. Entering the Hahnemann Med- ical College, of this city, after a thorough course of study he graduated with honors. Shortly after graduating he ceased altogether the practice of allopathy, and became a decided homce- opathist. He was elected a member of the staff of the college, and also was appointed a member of the Advisory Board of the Hahnemann Hospital and College. After occupying these positions for about one year his executive qualities gained him a position on the Board of Trustees, which positiou he has occupied for five years. Dr. Karsner is a member of the State Homoeopathic Society of Pennsylvania, and also a member of the American Insti- tute of Homceopathy, as well as a member of the County Society of Philadelphia. He married, in 1890, Miss Caroline M. Jeanes, daughter of Isaac Jeanes, of Arch street, Philadelphia, one of Philadel- phia's most widely known merchants and philanthropists. His practice is a general one, and is considered the largest private prac- tice of any physician in Germantown, where he has just built him- self one of the finest private residences in that section, corner of Tulpehocken and Green streets. 272 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. BUSHROD W. JAMES, M. D. Dr. Bushrod Washington James, the eminent physician and oculist, was burn in Philadelphia, August 25, 1836. His ancestors for four generations were American. His paternal great-great- grandfather emigrated from Wales and settled in Radnor Township, Montgomery county, Pa., where he purchased a large tract of laud embracing the sites of the present attractive suburban settlements of Bryn Mawr and Rosemont. Dr. James' father, the late Dr. David James, M D., one of the pioneers of homoeopathy, and an eminent physician of that school, was a great admirer of Judge Bushrod Washington, one of the Asso- ciate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, and named his eldest sou after that distinguished jurist. Until fourteen years of age the boy received his education from private teachers, and then entered the first division of the grammar school, where he showed such proficiency that he was sent at the end of the first term to a competitive examination for entrance to the Central High School, in which he gained admission, and passing through the classical course obtained the degree of A. M. , which in those days was considered highly creditable. He chose the profession of medicine for his life work and was graduated from the Homoe- opathic Medical College o f Pennsylvania in March, 1857, with the degrees of M. D. and H. M. D. Even as a boy he had learned much from his father whom he frequently accom- panied upon his daily drives among his patients, and was fond of pondering over and studying medical works which he obtained in his father's library, and questions which he could not unravel were sub- mitted to his father when- ever opportunity offered. His grandfather was also a physi- cian of ripe experience and erudition who lived almost to his ninety-seventh birthday, and the youth also frequently went to his aged relative for the purpose of having some matter in his mind cleared up to his satisfaction. The heal- ing art appears to have had an attraction for most of the fam- ily, as his grandfather, father, and brother, have been prac- ticing physicians, and all prominent in their profession, while two paternal uncles and two cousins on the same side of the family were druggists. One of his father's brothers, the late Dr. Thomas P. James, of Cam- bridge, Mass. , was eminent as a botanist, and was the best authority of his day on mosses, of which he had the largest and finest collec- tion in this country. From them he made with his own hands, and after years of ardent toil, microscopic drawings of these and others for Professor Asa Gray's Botany, a standard work on that subject. After graduating. Dr. James contemplated, for a short time, locating at Minneapolis, Minn., but decided to remaiu in Philadel- phia. He opened an office at Nineteenth and Wallace streets, where he soon became a busy practitioner, and he has remained within a square or so of that location ever since, and has built up a very extensive practice. Shortly after graduating he was elected Attending Physician of the Northern Home for Friendless Children, a position he filled for seveu years, and here he obtained a valuable experience in ophthalmic practice, having treated in two epidemics of contagious ophthalmia over 500 cases of the disease without having a single case of blindness to result. He has attained con- siderable reputation as an oculist and is widely known as a writer on various medical subjects. He attended special private courses in the School of Anatomy and Surgery under Dr. D. Hayes Agnew, a very popular and excellent school of instruction some years ago, and practiced surgery quite extensively in the earlier days of his professional life. Bushrod W. James Dr. James has always taken a lively interest and active part in matters pertaining to his profession, and particularly in regard to the subject of public health. In 1S67 he visited Paris as a N I (elegate from the American Institute of Homoeopathy to the French Homoeopathic Medical Congress held there in August of that year. In July, 1881, he attended the International Homoeopathic Conven- tion held in London, and the World's Medical Congress held there in August of the same year. He was a member of and took an active part in the proceedings of the First International Homoeo- pathic Convention which was held in Philadelphia in 1S76. He prepared and read papers before each of these gatherings of his school of medicine. He improved the opportunity offered by his trips abroad to visit all parts of Europe, including Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Turkey, Egypt and the Holy Land. Besides these travels he has been all over his own country including Alaska as well as the British possessions, and has written much and entertain- ingly of what he has seen. He has held the following positions of honor and credit : President of the American Institute of Homoeo- pathy 1 National Organization) in 1S83, and President of the Penn- sylvania State Medical Society in 1873, the surgical editor and sanitary science editor of the later "American Observer," president for several years of the American Literary Union and of the Hahnemann Club of Philadelphia, is President of the Children's Homoeopathic Hospital of Philadelphia, is a trustee and consulting physi- cian to the Hahnemann Col- lege Hospital of Philadelphia, and a member of the Advisory Board of that college, and is one of the Trustees of the Spring Garden Institute. He fills the professor's chair of Physiology, Sanitary Science and Climatology in the New- York Medical College for Wo- men of the State University of New York. He was a mem- ber of the Christian Commis- sion during the war of the rebellion, and did duty as a volunteer surgeon under this commission on the battle-fields of Antietam and Gettysburg. Dr. James is at present a member of the following na- tional societies: The Ameri- can Association for the Ad- vancement of Science, the Seniors' Association of the American Institute of Homoe- opathy (composed of members of over twenty-five years' standing), the American Public Health Association, and is an honorary member of several medical societies. He is a member of the Union League, the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, the Franklin Institute, the Horticultural Society, the Masonic Yeterans, Knights Templar, and other bodies of the Fraternity, and a number of other social or semi-public associations. Dr. James has contributed very considerably to medical litera- ture, and has written a good deal of descriptive matter for the papers concerning his travels. He is the author of a work contain- ing in a condensed form his experience and knowledge of the various climates of America, entitled "American Resorts and Climates." He has delivered a number of notable addresses on interesting medical subjects before the various bodies of which he has been a member, and a number of papers prepared by him have been read before the medical congresses that have been held during the past few years. He frequently delivers lectures for charitable purposes concerning the countries he has visited, and has volumi- nous notes and memoranda of his travels abroad and in Alaska, which he contemplates using in some form or other in the near future. He has also nearly completed a volume on the "Legends of Alaska," a work of interest and value. He is unmarried, and resides at the N. E. cor. Eighteenth and Green streets, in a large double house with his office therein and a complete eye department in the adjoining double building. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. GEORGE I. McLEOD, M. D. There is no more popular homceopathic physician in West Philadelphia than Dr. George I. McLeod of No. 3907 Locust street, and there are few doctors in this city that have a more lucra- tive practice. Dr. McLeod was born in this city in 1835, his parents at that time being among the few advocates of homoeopathy. Young McLeod was educated in the private school of Thomas D. James, at Eleventh and Market streets, and then he was taken by his parents to Wellsboro, in Tioga county, where he remained un- til he was seventeen years of age. He was then sent to the Uni- versity of Lewisburg, now known as Bucknell University, and he graduated from that college in 1S55. Having determined to adopt the medical profession the young graduate entered the University of Pennsylvania aud studied medi- cine under Dr. Henry H. Smith. He went through his course and graduated with honors in 1857. He was then appointed as an at- tending physician for general practice at Blockley Almshouse, and Hospital and served there until the latter part of i860. Dr. McLeod then commenced to practice on his own account, but first he returned to the principles of his father and adopted homoeopathy, his con- victions and teaching having all tended in that direction. He settled in West Philadel- phia and in thirty years he has achieved much celebrity and has built up a very large prac- tice. Dr. McLeod is a member of the consulting staff of the Hahnemann Hospital and he has been a school director of the Twenty-seventh Ward for twenty years. He is also a member of the State Board of Public Charities ; Chairman of the State Committee on Lu nacy.and is a member of Ham- ilton Lodge No. 274 of the Free and Accepted Masons. DUNCAN MACFARLAN, M.D. The name Macfarlan is closely allied to homoeopathy in this city. The two broth- ers, Malcom aud Duucan Mac- farlan, have attained promi- nence not only among the laity, but also among their pro- fessional brethren. Dr. Duncan Macfarlan, the younger of the two brothers, is the subject of this sketch. Born in New York, November 6, 1852, aud receiving part of his medical training in that citv, he divides his allegiance between his native city and the city of his adoption. His father, Duucan Macfarland, was the oldest silk manufacturer in America, and was prominent in the busiuess world of the Metropolis. Young Duncan was entered in the New York College, but owing to ill health was forced to leave it in his Sophomore year. After leaving college he commenced the study of medicine with his brother, and graduated from the Hahne- mann Medical College of this city. After graduating he was ap- pointed House Surgeon at the New York Homoeopathic Hospital at Ward's Island. Afterserving here for one year he matriculated at the Bellevue College of New York. This was in 1876. For about one year he was a private student of Dr. Knapp, one of the most cele- brated eye aud ear surgeons in the country. Coining to Philadel- phia in 1877 he began the practice of his professiou in West Phila- delphia where he has remained. He is President of the Boenninghausen Medical Club of this city, and Chairman of the Bureau of Materia Medica of the County Medical Society. Dr. Macfarlan is also an active member of the State Homceopathic Society and American Institute of Homoeopathy. He has occupied the position of Visiting Surgeon to the Women's Hospital of this city. He married Miss Katie P. Sloaue, daughter of Douglas Sloane, the large carpet manufacturer of New York. J. ROBERT MANSFIELD, M.D. Was born in this city March 27, 1855. His father, Isaac Mans- field, being a native of Leicestershire, England. He received his preparatory education in the public schools of this city, graduating in the second senior class of the High School as number one. He afterwards received private instructions with a special course of in- struction under Professor Schulhoff. Choosing medicine as his future field, young Mansfield selected the Hahnemann Medical College of this city as his Alma Mater. Graduating from there March 10, 1S79, in the first graduating class, taking second prize in an exceptionally large class, he at once began the practice of medicine. Coming to Germantown he formed a partnership with Dr. John Malin with whom he remained for three years. This partnership, dissolved through the death of Dr. Malin, Dr. Mansfield continued by himself since then. With that liberality so notable among homoeopathists, Dr. Mansfield gathered about him from time to time younger men to whom he imparted his knowledge, and, he is proud to know that five students imbibed from him the principles of homoeopathy and either have graduated, or are about to do so from his college. He is a member of the Ameri- can Institute of Homoeopathy. A member of the Pennsylvania State Society, and also a mem- ber of the County Homreo- pathic Society. He and Dr. Van Baun, with others of their class, organized the celebrated Alumni Associatiou which has made such an impression upon the history of homoeopathy. The Doctor's practice is a general one with a special tendency toward the diseases of women and children. He has written a few papers which have attracted attention, the principal of which was one on ' ' Puerperal Fever. ' ' The Doc- tor built himself a handsome house in 1880, which he at present occupies as his office, on the Main street of German- town . J. Robert Mansfield, M. D. BIDDLE R. MARSDEN, M.D. Was boru in this city on February 15, 1864. His parents were John and Hannah Mars- den. He received his prepara- tory schooling from the public schools of Philadelphia, after- wards being placed by his parents under a private tutor, owing to his poor health at that time. In the fall of 1SS1 he entered the Hahnemann Medical College, where he remained for one vear, afterwards taking the three-years' graded course at the same college. After graduating Dr. Marsden was appointed Assistant to the Surgical Clinic, which position he held for a period of two years. He was then appointed on the out-pa- tient surgical staff of the Hahnemann Hospital. The Doctor entered private practice by assisting Henry Noah Martin, M. D., his precep- tor, until in November, 18S5, he commenced for himself. Settling in the northwestern district of Philadelphia he worked hard and faithfully for about eighteen months, when he was obliged to withdraw, owing to his health breaking down. This led him to move to Chestnut Hill, where, after recovering his health, he again began practicing and soon acquired a large and profitable clientele in his adopted place, Chestnut Hill. Dr. Marsden is a member of the County and State Homoeopathic Medical Societies, also a member of the American Institute of Homoeopathy and the Ger- mantown Medical Club, of which organization he was Secretary aud Treasurer. He has written some important papers, principally upon throat work, to the different medical journals. 274 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. C. NEIDHARD, M.D. The Nestor of the new school of medicine, was born at Bremen, Germany, April 19, 1809. Dr. Neidhard began his earlier education in this country as the private pupil of Dr. Isaac Hunter, of Reading, Pa., under whose tuition he remained for two years. He then attended the lectures of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania for over three years. Being attacked by a serious illness he sought relief from — at that time — the new doctrine of homoeopathy and was cured. From henceforth he devoted himself for several years to its study and graduated at the first Homeeopathie College, at Allentown, Pa., in 1837. He afterwards made several visits to Leipsic and Vienna, and finally graduated at the University of Jena as Doctor of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics. He also received the honor- ary degree from the Chicago Hospital College and became a mem- ber of the American Institute of Homoeopathy in T844. Soon after the establishment of a homeeopathie college in this city I )r. Neidhard was elected to the Professorship of Clinical Medicine, which he occupied for three years. He commenced the practice of medicine at Phila- delphia in 1837, and has prac- ticed here ever since, now over fifty years, with the exception of his several visits to Europe. Dr. Neidhard is no less famous as an author than as a practitioner. His many med- ical works would fill a large library, and his contributions to the literature of homoeo- pathy are many and volumin- ous. Among his most noted works may be mentioned the following by their titles : I. Homeeopathie Medicine, illustrating its superiority over the other medical doctrines, with an account of the regi- men, to be followed during the treatment of diseases, by M. Croseric, M.D., President of the Homeeopathie Society of Paris, France ; translated from the French into English, with notes containing the opinions of Biera Broussais, etc., on Homceopathv, bv C. Neidhard, M. D. ; Philadelphia, 1S37. 2. Answer to the Homoeo- pathic Delusions of Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, 1842. 3. Homceopathv in Ger- many and England, 1849, with a glance at allopathic men and things, being two preliminary discourses delivered at the Homeeopathie College of Pennsylvania; Boston, 1850. 4. Universality of the Homoeopathic Law of Cure, a public lec- ture delivered on the invitation of the Providence, Rhode Island, Honneopathic Society, 1S51 ; second edition, 1874. 5. Crotalus Horridus, its analogy to yellow fever, also malig- nant, bilious and remittent fevers, demonstrated by the action of the venom on men and animals, i860. A Spanish translation of this work has appeared in Barcelona, Spain. 6. Diphtheria as it prevailed in the United States from i860 to to 1866, preceded by a historical account of its phenomena, its nature and homoeopathic treatment, 1867. 7. Contributions to Professors Hill and Hunt's Homeeopathie Practice of Surgery, and also to Dr. John's Manual of Homoeopathic Materia Medica. 8. Quite lately, in 1888, he has also published a pathogenetic and clinical repertory of the diseases of the head with their con- comitants. Of his contributions to the medical periodicals, which are very' numerous, the following are the most important: Homoeopathic Publications by their Opponents; Homoeopathic Treatment of Intermittent Fever ; Remarks on the Homoeopathic Treatment of Chronic Diseases ; Cases from Practice. To the Hoimcopathic Examiner, New York : Criticism of Dr. Dunglison's Introductory Lecture ; Defense of Homoeopathy Against the At- tacks of Dr. Houston, of Jefferson College. To (lie North Ameri- can Join nal of Homoeopathy, New York : On Allopathy and 1 1 opathy; on Diphtheria ; Homoeopathic Creeds ; Whooping Cough, Medical Education, Mephitis Putorius, Ovarian Tumors, on Prov- ing of Remedies. To the British Journal of Homoeopathy, London : The Promotion of Homoeopathy ; Review of the Present State of Medical Science and Homoeopathy. To the American Journal of Homoeopathy ', Materia Medica: A lengthy essay on the Patholo- gical Movement in Connection with Homoeopathy. To Shiptnan's Chicago Medical and Surgical Journal: Three very extended essays on the pathogenises of Oleum Jecoris Aselli, with the details of 1 13 cures by this remedy. To the Hahnemannian Monthly, of Philadelphia : Provings of Antimonium Sulphuratum, and Dis- eases of Ovaries. Dr. Neidhard has also made extensive provings of the following remedies on himself and students: Arsenicum album, baryta, calcarea phosphorica, cannabis in- dica, cimicifuga racemosa, ciunabaris. Extensive provings con- jointly with a number of students of his class during his professor- ship: Crotalus horridus, formic acid, fluroric acid, kali bichro- micum, mephitis putorius, mercur proto sulphide, oxalic acid, podophyllum peltatum, rhus toxidendron, sanguinaria canadensis, tarantula and Phy- tolacca decandra. C. Neidhard, M. D. CHARLES G. RAUE, M.D. Was born on the nth day of May, 1820, in Nieder-Cun- nersdorf near Loebau in Sax- ony, studied in the College of Teachers in Bautzen, taught school for several years in Burkau and wrote his first work: "Die Neue Seelen Lehre Benckes " (1847, 5th edition 1S76), which has been translated into Flemish, Eng- lish and French. In the year 184S he made Philadelphia his home, studied under Dr. Constantine Hering, graduated in the Philadelphia College of Medicine, and prac- ticed homoeopathy for several years in Trenton, N.J. From Trenton he moved back again to Philadelphia in 1S5S, and was elected to the Professorship of Special Pathology and Ther- apeutics in the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1864. Besides various articles for German and English homoeopa- thic journals, he published in 1S67 his work on "Special Pathology and Diagnostics with Therapeutic Hints," which has been for more than twenty years a text-book in all American Homoeopathic Col- leges. From the year 1S70 to 1S75 he edited " The Yearly Record of Homoeopathic Literature," a library containing extracts and notices of the most important matters from all the leading journals of homceopathv of all countries. In consequence of the split which took place in the manage- ment of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania (1868), Drs. Hering and Raue procured a charter for a new homoeopathic college, the Hahnemann College, into which two years later the old Homoeopathic College of Pennsylvania was merged. Since the year 1SS0 Dr. Raue has re-written his work on " .Spe- cial Pathologv and Diagnostics with Homoeopathic Hints" twice, and both time's greatly enlarged. In the year 1889 he finally finished his work on "Psychology as a Natural Science Applied to the Solution of Occult Psvchic Phenomena," which was the outcome of a life-long studv of' Psychology. He has been practicing medi- cine all this time, and is consulting physician to several homoeopa- thic hospitals. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. WILLIAM H. KE1M, M.D. Was born at Merion Square, Montgomery count}', Pennsyl- vania in 1843. He i s the son °f Samuel and Mary Keim, and comes of good stock, being connected with the Pennsylvania Keinis who have left an imprint on the history and commerce of this city and State. His earlier education was obtained in the public schools of the First District of Pennsylvania. After taking a course of lec- tures at the Philadelphia School of Anatomy in 1S6S, he entered the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia, from which he graduated in 1S71 ; subsequently taking a course of lectures at the Jefferson Medical College, and also at the University of Pennsyl- vania. In 1S71 he was appointed on the dispensary staff of the Hah- nemann College, and for several years had charge of the out prac- tice of the first medical district, comprising the territory south of Spruce street between the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers ; during two years of this time he was Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy in the Hahnemann Medical College. Having been elected Demon- strator of Surgery, he occu- pied this chair for twelve years, resigning in 1S89, to devote his time to a large and increasing private practice. His lectures on Minor Sur- gery were a feature of his career at the Hahnemann. Dr. Keim supplemented his medical education by a careful study of the methods in use in the hospitals of London and Munich, making two trips abroad for that purpose. An incident in the life of Dr. Keim is worthy of note here. In January, 1SS0, while perform- ing an operation with Dr. Thomas at the Hahnemann College, he accidentally re- ceived a puncture of the right thumb, resulting in Pyaemia or blood poisoning; his was one of the few recoveries from this dread disease ; during this illness his hair and beard turned gray in consequence of the intense suffering. The newspapers of the day men- tioned it as a wonderful cure. Dr. Keim is President of the Philadelphia County Ho- mceopathic Medical Society, member of the Pennsylvania State Homoeopathic Medical Society ; member of the Amer- ican Institute of Homoeopathy, and a member of the Execu- tive Committee of the Alumni Association, Hahnemann Med- ical College. His specialty is diseases of women and children, and he is conceded to be one of the hardest workers and most successful practiouers in his chosen field. his brightness and remarkably analytical and perspicuous mind. If he had remained in the profession of medicine he would certainly have been soon in the front ranks. Adopting electricity as his chosen field of labor young Carl now devotes his whole time to that pursuit. Dr. Reed having lost his consort by death in 1887, mar- ried September 11, 1889, Miss Annie E-, daughter of L. J. Cox of this city. The Doctor's practice is a general one and has been ex- ceptionably prosperous, his clientele being from the best families of Philadelphia. Will WILLIAM A. REED, M.D. Is a native Philadelphian. He was born in the old city proper June 25, 1827, and is the oldest son of Jacob Reed who was the founder of the well known firm of Jacob Reed's Sons, Merchants. He received his collegiate honors at the Madison University and the University at Lewisburg. After graduating in medicine in 1852 he commenced practice in the neighborhood of Fourth aud Pine streets this city. He has been in continuous practice since then. After graduat- ing from the old Homoeopathic Medical College he was appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy which position he filled for two years, succeeding to the chair of Physiology. His position as professor attracted towards him large classes which he ably and successfully managed for a period of six years. In 1849 Doctor Reed married Mary Dorset, daughter of the Reverend Thomas Browne, who bore him seven children. His youngest son, Carl H. Reed, following in the footsteps of his father, became a physician and was noted for JOSEPH MORGAN REEVES, M.D. Was born in the city of Philadelphia, September iS, 1S54, and is now thirty-seven years old. His father, George F. Reeves, was a prominent importer of chemicals, also a Philadelphian ; and his mother is of English Devonshire birth. He received the benefits of a public school education in the schools of this city and when entering manhood was matriculated at the Hahnemann Medical College. He graduated from that institution in 1877. Whilst studying medicine he was con- nected as assistant with the well known physician, Dr. Rufus Sargent, and upon his graduation was honored with the sharing of the burden which was then bearing heav- ily upon the shoulders of that good old man. He remained with Dr. Sargent for about five years at the end of which time he took entire charge of his immense practice. During this time he was also connected with his Alma Mater for about two years as Assistant Demon- strator of Anatomy. Dr. Reeves has always taken an active interest in the charities connected with his college, helping at all times by his voice and purse. For six or seven years he has been a member of the visiting staff of the Hahnemann Hospital, and for three years last past has been occupying the same position at the Children's Hos- pital on North Broad street. He is at present the President of the Medical Board of the latter institution as well as a member of the Board of Direc- tors. He is a prominent mem- ber aud takes an active interest in the American Institute of Homoeopathy ; the State Medi- cal Society of Pennsylvania; the County Homoeopathic Medical Society and the Alumni Associ- atiou of the Hahnemann College. He has been too busy a prac- titioner to devote much time to social clubs and in fact is a member of but one, the Union League. Dr. Reeves married November 4, 18S0, Miss Josephine Lewry, and has two children, a son aged nine years and a daughter aged three. In summer he lives at Spring Lake and the balance of the year at his residence in this city. In religion Dr. Reeves is a staunch Lutheran, being a member of the Board of Officers of St. Mark 's Lutheran Church. Keim, M. D. HARRIET JUDD SARTAIN, M. D. The subject of this sketch was the pioneer in breaking down the barriers of prejudice which existed in admitting women to the medical profession. She was born in Connecticut in 1S30. Her ' earlier education was received in the schools of that State. In 1843 her family removed to Michigan, where she finished her seminary education. Dr. Sartain, or, as she was then known, Miss Harriet Judd, studied medicine in Philadelphia and Cincinnati, graduating from the latter city in 1854. She began the practice of medicine in Waterbury, Conn., her native State, in the same year, and attracted PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. much congratulatory attention from the local papers for her ad- vanced position. About this time she married Mr. Samuel Sartain, the eldest son of John Sartain, the famous engraver, ami removed with him to Philadelphia, where she at once acquired a front rank in the medical field. For the last thirty years Dr. Sartain has made a specialty of the diseases of women, using the Homoeopathic Materia Medica from the start. She was the first woman member of the Homoeo- pathic County Medical Society, being unanimously elected by that body in 1870, and thus by her perseverance and success paved the way for the reception of other female members. In the following year she was elected to the State Homoeopathic Society, and in June of the same year became a member of the American Institute of Homoeopathy. Her election to this honorable body, with her two female companions, one ot whom was her student, closed the nota- ble contest over the admission of women to that society. Harriet Judd Sartain, aside from the time devoted to her exten- sive practice, which is notably the largest private practice of any female practitioner in this city, has found time to prepare and read extensive papers relating to her specialty before the various socie- ties of which she is a member. She is also one of the founders of the Women's Homoeopathic Medical Club of this city, and has been its presiding officer since its organization. GEORGE W. SMITH, M. D. Was born in Haverford, Pa., April 20, 1S43, his family being a representative one in Delaware county. His father was the Hon- orable Barton Smith, Associate Judge of that county. Dr. Smith received his earlier education in the public schools, and soon evinced a faculty of imparting knowledge to others. His early manhood days were passed in teaching which he began at the age of nineteen and continued for a period of twelve years, during which time he filled a number of very responsible positions. He was for three years the Principal of the Swedesborough Academy of New Jersey, Principal of the Friends' High School at Woodstown for the same period, and for four years head of the Oxford High School, the latter a flourishing institution numbering over four hundred scholars. Dr. Smith, desiring to adopt medicine as a pro- fession, entered the Hahnemann Medical College of this city, and after a thorough course of study, which his trained mind naturally and easily acquired, he graduated with honors in 1S76. He was immediately appointed on his graduation to the dispensary staff of the hospital. This position he held for a period of two years, being compelled to relinquish it by his rapidly increasing private prac- tice. Doctor Smith also devoted a portion of his time to the Chil- dren's Homoeopathic Hospital, being connected with the visiting staff of physicians for about two years. He is a member of the State and County Homoeopathic Societies of Pennsylvania, a mem- ber of the Boenninghausen Medical Club, of which latter club he has occupied the position of Secretary and Treasurer for a number of years. His writings are numerous. He has contributed many important papers to the different societies of which he is a member. Dr. Smith married, in 186S, a daughter of John and Susan Fair- lamb, a family occupying an eminent position in the social sphere of Delaware county, connected as they are with the best Friends' families of that county, such as the Sharpless, the Larkins, the Broomall, and others. He is the father of three children, one girl and two boys, the eldest, a son, dying in infancy. JESSE W. THATCHER. M. D. Dr. Jesse W. Thatcher was born in Delaware county, Pa., May IS, 1S50, and like so many other representative physicians he is a sou of a farmer. His father, Isaac Thatcher, was a producer of the products of the soil for many years prior to his death. Dr. Thatcher received a good common school education and graduated with honors from the West Chester High School. He entered the Hahnemann Medical College of this city in 1S6S and after a three years' graded course he graduated therefrom in 187 1 . After graduat- ing he located at Quakertowu, Pa., and was the pioneer homoeo- pathic physician of that place. After many trials and hardships in overcoming the prejudice which then existed towards homoeopathy he gradually acquired an enormous practice, and was soon con- sidered the most successful physician in that section. Desiring to enter a larger field for the display of his talents, Dr. Thatcher came to this city and locating in West Philadelphia he began anew a battle of success. To-day he stands abreast of the most success- ful physicians in either school of medicine in his section of the city. He has occupied the position of Physician to the Home for Aged and Infirm Colored People ; also to the Presbyterian Home for Widows and Indigent Women ; and is also on the Obstetrical Staff of the Women's Homoeopathic Hospital. He is a member of the Philadelphia County Medical Society, the State Homoeopathic Society, and the I. H. A. Society. Dr. Thatcher married in Elizabeth, the daughter of Paxon Blakly, of Quakertown, Pa. GEORGE WILLIS T1TMAN, M.D. Doctor George Willis Titman was born in Warren county, N. J., on the 20th day of June, 1863. His parents, Marshall and Mary Titman, desiring him to adopt medicine as his profession, sent him for his preparatory education to the Academy at Belvidere, N. |. He afterwards entered Blair Hall, from which he graduated. This completing his classical education he was prepared then to receive his medical training. Entering Hahnemann Medical College, of this city, he took the three-years' graded course, at the completion of which he was appointed as assistant to Dr. John K. James, then Surgeon at the Children's Homoeopathic Hospital of Philadelphia. Coining to Mount Airy in the fall of 1S83 Dr. Titman began the practice of homoeopathy with marked success both professioually and otherwise. He married a Miss Stephens, daughter of S. E. Stephens, Esq., of Hagerstown, N. J., by whom he has had one child. Dr. Titman was fortunate enough to have as his preceptor Dr. Daniel Gardner, one of the first graduates of Hahnemann Col- lege, and a large portion of his success he attributes to Dr. Gard- ner's early training. He is a member of the Pennsylvania State Homoeopathic So- ciety, as well as other societies connected with his profession. WILLIAM W. VAN BAUN, M.D. Son of Harriet F. and the late St. John D. Van Baun, was born in Philadelphia, August 20, 1858. He received his earlier education at the Philadelphia High School, that noble insti- tution which has given to us so many famous men. He entered the Hahnemann Medical College in 1S77, graduating March 10, 1880, taking the full three years' course. In this year he became the resident physician of the Hahnemann Hospital. He has been in continual practice in this city since then, making rapid strides towards the front rank in his specially chosen field, with the ex- ception of a few short months spent in practice at Vicksburg, >Ii-y, and when in 1887 and 1891 he visited Europe to take special courses in the hospitals of Vienna and Paris, confining his researches to his chosen specialties, the diseases of the heart, throat and lungs. Aside from his lectures on the heart and its diseases at the Hahne- mann Medical College of this city, Dr. Van Baun is probablv more widely known through his connection, as editor-in-chief of the Haknemannian, a monthly journal of the new school of medicine which is read in all parts of the world, being published at Philadelphia, London, Paris, and Vienna. Associated with him in this widely circulated and influential journal are Doctors Clarence Bartlett and Wm. B. Van Lcnuep. He is one of the attending physicians of the Hahnemann Hos- pital ; a member of the Philadelphia Medical Club; Secretary of the Homoeopathic Medical Society of the County of Philadelphia ; mem- ber of the Germantown Medical Club; the Homoeopathic Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania ; the American Institute of Homoeopathy ; the present Secretary and organizer of the Alumni Association of the Hahnemann Medical College, which is one of the largest if not the largest Alumni Association in the United States, haying a membership of seven hundred and fifty. As an organizer Dr. Van Baun stands pre-eminent. As monu- ments to his untiring work and devotion stand to-day " The Al- umni Association," the Comity Medical Society, " and the " Hah- nemannian," the success of each showing the value of his master mind. In addition he finds time to attend faithfully to an exten- sive office and visiting practice. W. B. VAN LENNEP, M.D. Was born December 5, 1853, a t Constantinople, Turkey. He came to this country at the age of fifteen years. His father, the Rev- erend H.J. Van Lennep, was for thirty years a well known mission- ary to that country and the author of man}- standard works on the Orient. Young Van Lennep was prepared for college at the Sedg- wick Institute, at Great Barrington, Mass., where he remained for three years. He entered Princeton College in 1872, graduating from there four years later with the degree of A. Ii., subsequently receiving that of A. M. His mind being ripe for medical educa- PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. tion, and chosing homoeopathy as his life work, he entered with full vim and vigor the study of that school of medicine. So great was his success that in 18S0 he was awarded with the highest honors the gold medal, on his graduating from the Hahnemann Medical Col- lege of this city, securing the highest average (ioo) obtainable. After graduating he was appointed on the resident staff at Ward's Island, New York City Hospital, New York City, where he re- mained for six months. Coming back to Philadelphia he took charge of the private practice of several of his professional friends, covering a period of eighteen months, during their absence. In 18S2, craving for a more general knowledge of his chosen specialty, surgery, he took a trip to Europe, where for two years he studied surgery and pathology in the hospitals of London, Paris and Vienna. Returning to this country in March, 1SS4, Dr. Van Lennep began a career which was at once the wonder and admiration of his social and professional friends. He accepted the posi- tion of Chief of the Surgical Dispensary attached to the Hahne- mann Hospital ; was appointed Lecturer on Pathology at the Hahnemann College, which he still holds; Surgeon at the Hahne- mann Hospital of this city, and Lecturer on Surgery to the Hahne- mann Medical College ; acted as Surgeon of the Pennsylvania Homoeopathic Hospital for Children until its close, then Surgeon for several years to the Children's Homoeopathic Hospital, now on North Broad street ; Consulting Surgeon to the Camden Homoeopathic Hospital ; Consulting Surgeon to the Trenton Homoeopathic Hos- pital. Besides the arduous duties above enumerated Dr. Van Lennep threw all the strength of his character into The Hahnemannian Monthly. With the assistance of Dr. Bartlett and the wonderful organizing ability of Dr. William W. Van Baun it soon became the most influential and widely read of any serial publication devoted to homoeopathy. Dr. Van Lennep has been a prolific writer, and has contributed valuable papers on such subjects as abdominal and in- testinal surgery, surgery of the bladder, uretha, bones and joints. He is a member of the various medical societies, in all of which he has acted either in the capacity of chairman or member of the sur- gical and pathological bureaus. His social life has kept pace with his professional one. He married, in April, 1SS6, Miss Clara R., the estimable daughter of Mr. Thomas Hart, of this city, and has a daughter, aged four 3-ears. He is a member of the Union League, the Art Club, Bachelors' Barge Club, A. C. S. N. ; Academy of Natural Sciences, the Franklin Institute ; member of the Alumni Associations of Princeton and Hahnemann Colleges, the Sigma Chi Greek College fraternity, and a member of the Masonic Order, Lodge No. 51. CARL V. V1SCHER, M. D. Was born in Philadelphia in the year 1865. He received both a public and private school education and finall}- entered the Hah- nemann Medical College of Philadelphia in 1883. While in the college he was under the private tutorship of Dr. Wm. B. Van Lennep and finished his studies in 1S87 graduating with high hon- ors. He was then appointed resident physician to the Children's Homoeopathic Hospital, which he occupied for a period of one vear. The following two years he spent abroad, principally in Heidelberg and Vienna, where he paid special attention to the study of general surgery and pathology. On his return to this country he accepted the position of private assistant to Dr. Van Lennep, his former tutor, with whom he remained for a twelve month, after which he devoted his attention exclusively to the practice of his specialty. The Doctor at the present time holds the position of clinical assistant to the Hahnemann Hospital, of which he is also the patho- logist and head of the surgical department of the Dispensary. In addition to these various labors, for the past two years he has delivered the lectures on Bacteriology at the above named college and during the past winter session held the surgical sub-clinics. Dr. Vischer is also the author of various important papers bearing upon leading subjects of vital interest to the medical profession. In 1SS7 he published an article on Necrosis of the Cranial bones and subsequently articles on blennhoca, urethras, epicystotomy, pathology and diagnosis of the diseases of the pros- tate, and other papers. He also published a special article entitled a history of the germ origin of disease which attracted universal attention among the medical profession. The Doctor is a member of the County Homoeopathic Society, of which he is a censor, also of the State" Homoeopathic Society ; the American Institute of Homoeopathy ; the Philadelphia Homoe- opathic Medical Club ; the Germantown Homoeopathic Medical Club; the Art Club of Philadelphia; and the Anglo-American Society of Vienna. MAHLON M. WALKER, M.D. Of Germantown, Philadelphia, was born in Buckingham town- ship, Bucks county, Pa., in 1845. His parents and ancestors from the time of William Penn, were members of the Society of Friends. He was educated at the Friends' Central High School 'of Philadel- phia. At the age of nineteen he was Principal of the Morrisville, Pa., Grammar School. Leaving that position to take up the study of medicine, under the charge of Dr. Thomas Moore, of Germantown, he finished his studies, graduating No. 2 in his class from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania ( now the Hahne- mann) March 2, 1S67. Immediately upon graduating he located in Germantown, where he has ever since resided, enjoying a large general practice. In iS6S-'6o, in company with Prof. B. F. Betts, M. D., of the Hahnemann College, he went abroad, spent a vear or more in the General Hospital of Vienna and visited the medical schools of Berlin, Bologna, Paris and London. In 1S69 he opened and successfully conducted for three years the Homoeopathic Dispensary of Germantown. In 1873 he was elected Treasurer of the Germantown Scientific Society. October 22, 1874, he married Miss Mary E. Taylor, of Germantown. In 1876 he was appointed Lecturer on the Diseases of the Throat and Ear in the Hahnemann Medical College. In 1S79 he was elected First Vice-President of the Homoeopathic Medical Society of Pennsylvania, after having served as Recording Secre- tary for the previous five years. In 1883 he was Chairman of the Bureau of Obstetrics of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, in session at Niagara Falls. In 1884 he was elected President of the Germantown Homoeopathic Society, of which he was one of the founders in 1S79 ! i n 'SSS he was elected Vice-President of the Germantown Horticultural Society ; in 1890 he was President of the Children's Homoeopathic Hospital of Philadelphia, for five years he had charge of the Ear and Throat Clinics and is now one of the consulting physicians. In 1S91 the Doctor was elected Presi- dent of the Hahnemann Club, of Philadelphia, of which he was one of the original members more than eighteen years ago. Among his contributions to medical literature are: "A De- scription of the Vienna Obstetrical School," " My First Three Hun- dred Cases of Midwifery," a pamphlet on "Teratology, or the Science of Monsters," and an article on " Fifty Consecutive Cases of Typhoid Fever." In addition to his active professional work the Doctor has for the past ten j-ears been President of the Mutual Building and Loan Association of Germantown, and recently of the Enterprise Homestead Company, whereby many men of mod- erate means have and will secure comfortable homes. He is a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences and also of the His- torical Society of Pennsylvania. THOMAS C WILLIAMS, M. D. The quartet of homoeopathic physicians who represent the old school or masters, comprising Drs. Kitchen, Neidhard and Raue, is made complete by the addition of the name of Dr. Thomas C. Williams, the subject of this sketch. All born within a few years of each other they are now rounding out a century of work for the good of their fellow-man. Dr. Williams was born in Bangor, Me., March, 1814, now in his seventy-seventh year, but still in active practice. His father, Thomas Williams, was a minister of the gos- pel. Thomas C. Williams received his education in Maine and Massachusetts, principally at the Brunswick College in the latter State. After graduating he spent eight years in Massachusetts teaching. Coming to Philadelphia in 1S50 on a lecturing tour for a Bible Society with which he was connected as an agent, he decided to make this his home. He entered the Jefferson Medical College of this city. After graduating he was appointed demonstrator of pharmacy. During the years 1853 and 1S54, Dr. Williams, whilst oc- cupying the chair of pharmacy at the Jefferson , was making a close study of homoeopathy. His investigation determined him to drop allopathy and take up with the new school. Through his help and assistance the first Homoeopathic College in Philadelphia was organized, and from that day until the present time he has never wavered in his fealty. He is a prominent member of all the different homoeopathic societies although his years prevent him taking the active interest in them that he at one time did. He is a member of the American Institute of Homoeopathy and the State and County Societies. Dr. Williams is a frequent contributor to the medical journals, his papers particularly on typhoid fever, small- pox and nervous fevers attracting much attention. He married the daughter of Alderman Geyer, of this city, and with their daughter live happily at No. 567 North Fifth street, Philadelphia. 278 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHI LA DELPHI ANS. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. JAMES TYLER KENT, M. D. Was born in Steuben county, New York, March 31, 1844. His early life was an uneventful one, having been born and raised on a farm. The limited education that the neighboring county schools afforded gave no inkling to the busy and studious life that after- wards fell to his lot. In his 29th year he went West where in St. Louis he began a career that is marked by one uninterrupted series of successes. In 1S7S he was appointed teacher of anatomy in the American Medical College of St. Louis ; this position he occupied for two years. In 1S80 he was appointed teacher of surgery in the Homoeopathic Medical College of St. Louis. He remained in this position until 1SK3 when he was transferred to the Chair of Materia Medica in the same college. In 1SS8 he came to this city and has been with us ever since. During his career as a teacher in the West he gathered about him a large number of student graduates who, desirous of continuing their studies under his fostering care, fol- lowed him to this city- This circumstance forced him to form a Post-Graduate School of Homoeopathy. Gathering about him a few prominent citizens of this city they procured a charter and in 18S1 opened the First Post-Graduate School of Homoeopathy estab- lished in the country. Dr. Kent was made Dean of the Faculty and with the assistance of an able staff of lecturers and professors he soon made what was considered an experiment an established fact. The college has an honorary membership of nearly one hundred from all parts of the United States. Dr. Kent has published a number of pamphlets which have been translated into Italian, French and German, and is now busily engaged in writing text books on pure homoeopathy intended for use in his schools. MILTON POWEL, M. D. Was born in Bridesburg, a suburb of this* city, February 16, 1S54. His father, Joseph B. Powel, is a retired merchant. The public schools of Philadelphia afforded the early education of the younger Powel, finishing at the High School at Norristown, Pa. Twelve or thirteen years after leaving school Dr. Powel passed in mercantile life. It was his intention at first to adopt dentistry as a profession, and with this end in view he entered the Dental Department of the L T niversity of Pennsylvania, and grad- uated from the Department of Dentistry in 1SS7. It was about this time he became attached as a student to Dr. J. T. Kent, the well known homoeopathic teacher and physician. LTnder his guidance and care he soon imbued enough of the laws of homoeopath}- to make that his life work. Continuing his studies under his precep- tor, and attending the lectures at the Hahnemann Medical College, he, in 1890, graduated from that institution. Joining Dr. Kent and other well known physicians, they ap- plied for a charter and established the Post Graduate School of Homoeopathy, Dr. Powel becoming Registrar of the Faculty and Treasurer of the Association. The school is now on a firm basis with a sufficient corps of educators and a large list of students who are graduates in that school of medicine. Dr. Powel is a member of the Odontological Society, and also a member of the Organum Materia Medica Society of this city. He is married to Miss Louise C, daughter of the late William ML Muzzey, Esq., of this citv, and has three children, a boy and two girls. WILLIAM A. D. PIERCE, M. D. Was born in this city July 9, 1840. His father was a prominent manufacturer and controlled at one time the manufacturing of whalebone as applied to the use of umbrellas. He was an intimate friend of the late William A. Drown, after whom Dr. Pierce was named. Dr. Pierce's early education was received from the public schools of this city afterwards graduating from the Central High School. After leaving school he turned to conveyancing intending to follow that line of life. He was for a while in the office of Alfred Fitler, brother of ex-Mayor Fitler. After leaving there he entered the wholesale paper business with headquarters in Balti- more. During this time the science of homoeopathy was giving him much studious thought and he finally abandoned mercantile pursuits and joined the followers of Hahnemann. One year he spent attending the lectures of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, afterwards joining the Hahnemann Medical College of this city. Two years spent here and he received his diploma in spring of 1869. Since then he has been in continuous practice. For twelve years he practiced in the neighborhood of Devon, Chester count}-, afterwards removing to this citv where he is at present. Through the influence of Dr. Kent he was induced to join the Faculty of the Post Graduate School of Homoeopathy and he is now in charge of the department of Clinical medicine in that institution. He is a member of the State and County Homoeo- pathic Societies ; International Hahnemannian Association ; Homoeopathic Medical Council, of which latter he was at one time President and now Secretary ; the Chester, Delaware and Montgomery counties' Societies ; and the Materia Medica and Organum Society. He married Miss Massey, of Chester county. Dr. Pierce's practice is a general family practice. THE PHILADELPHIA UNIVERSITY OF SHORT-HAND The Philadelphia University of Short-hand, 90S Chestnut street, was the first school in the city to claim and insist upon high standard, and also to make the rates of tuition such as to enable those of limited means to continue their studies until competent. The business com- munity take uncraestioned the certificate of the University, knowing that the statements made therein can be relied on. In issuing cir- culars, plain language is used, comprehensible to all, and they are "addressed to earnest workers and earnest thinkers, the manage- ment believing them to be the only ones who should study short- hand." The faculty consists of four teachers, all practical sten- ographers and thorough instructors. The judgment given by members of their own craft is the best way to gauge the standard of the management. The "Phono- graphic Magazine" says of the L'niversity : "It deserves the success it is achieving, as the proprietors are practical reporters, as well as able educators. ' ' The "Stenographer" says of Mr. Benj. S. Banks, the Principal and Manager : "Mr. Banks is a member of the Philadelphia Bar, and an experienced stenographic reporter ; has gained years of practical experience by contact with the business community ; is conversant with several languages ; has received several degrees from various institutions; is a ready talker and a polished scholar, and it is to his daily lectures to the speed classes, embracing travels, matters of general interest, and covering a wide range of literature, combined with his constant illustrations of short-hand principles and applications thereof that the University is so largely indebted for the reputation of its speed-classes." In addition to the above, Mr. Banks has always taken an active interest in advancing the interests of stenographers, is the Vice- President of the Philadelphia Stenographers' Association, and has always taken the lead in anything tending to elevate the standard of proficiency and the general interests of the profession. As to the University, it is "the leading short-hand school in the State." The instruction is individual, standard highest, and honesty and fair dealing the guiding principles which have enabled it to achieve its well-deserved reputation. Graduates from every school in the city, and many practical stenographers who have visited it and seen its workings, attest its merits. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. NORTH BROAD STREET SELECT SCHOOL George Eastburn, teacher, proprietor of the North Broad Street School, 700 North Broad street, was born in Solebury town- ship, Bucks county, Pa., November 25, 1S38. All of his ancestors were of English origin. Some of them accompanied William Penn when he first came to America, and others joined the colony soon after it was founded. Mr. Eastburn 's tastes, in boyhood, were literary, and alter receiving all the education obtainable at a coun- try school, he attended the Friends' Central School in this city during the winters of iS55-'56 and i856-'57. 1 11 the early autumn of 1S56 he did his first teaching, in Solebury. In April, 1857, he was selected from more than twenty applicants to teach the Edgehill School in Abington, Montgomery county, Pa. During his fifteen months' experience here the attendance increased from less than thirty to nearly seventy. From September, 1858, to June, 1S62, and from September, 1865, to June, 1S66, he was an assistant in Friends' Central School, at Fifteenth and Race streets, Philadelphia. Mr. Eastburn desired, above all things, to be a teacher, but seemingly insurmountable obstacles stood in the way of his ambition. He was unwilling to devote his life to teaching unless he could be gradxiated from some first-class college. Previous to his twenty- first birth-day he had given but little attention to the ancient classics, in the study of which two or three years must be spent in preparation for college. His financial resources did not justify his relinquishing teaching to give his time exclusively to the study of Latin and Greek. Although beset by these discouragements his intense love for the work in which he had been engaged the pre- ceding three years impelled him to strive to reach his ideal goal, and in connection with his duties as a teacher on full time he immediately commenced to prepare himself for Yale College, much of the time studying until midnight and rising at 5 o'clock the next morning to resume his work. He was prepared to enter Yale in 1862, but the invasion of Pennsylvania by the Confederates in the summer of that year prevented his entrance at that time. His consecration to the cause of education and membership in the Society of Friends had before this kept him from participating in the war, but at this crisis he decided that duty to country should be paramount to the non-resistant principle of Quakerism, and he joined the Eleventh Pennsylvania Regiment. His previous seden- tary life made him unequal to the rigors of the army, and he was shortly obliged to return home, unfitted for work of any kind for several months in consequence of a severe attack of bronchitis. In September, 1863, he entered Yale College. He was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1868. His Alma Mater conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts in 1871, and Princeton Col- lege honored him with the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1890. In October, 186S, he opened his " English and Classical School for Young Men and Boys" with seven pupils in the Third National Bank Building. The history of the development of the school from that small beginning to the eminence which his school holds to- day among educational institutions constitutes the story of Mr. Eastburn's life for the past twenty-three years, for the personality of the man is to be studied in connection with his work in educa- ting youth and in moulding character in which his time and efforts have been almost entirely engrossed. Although Mr. Eastburn be- gan his work with the modest commencement mentioned above his success has proved his fitness for his calling. In one year his school was doubled. In February, 1870, he combined his school with that of C. S. Hallowell, at 110 North Tenth street, whereby his pupils were increased to fifty-five. In September, 1870, with the title of" Hallowell Select School," the institution was opened with greatly improved facilities and with increased numbers at 112 North Ninth street, where it was conducted for seven years. In the autumn of 1877, under its present name, it was established in its present location with one hundred and ten scholars. The de- partment for small boys was added the next year, thus completing the organization of the school as it now exists. The attendance then increased to between one hundred and forty and one hundred and fifty, to which number the school is limited. When the im- provements now being made shall be finished Mr. Eastburn's school will be well nigh complete. With his determination to limit the size of his school to so small a number that he may know thoroughly each pupil and thus be enabled to train him judiciously ; with his fourteen accom- plished specialists in the branches which they each teach ; with his thousands of dollars' worth of apparatus, his superior building, unequaled in facilities for light and ventilation, his unsurpassed gymnasium, his fine school library ; in fact, with the almost in- numberable equipments with which Mr. Eastburn has supplied his school, one must acknowledge that he has developed an institution fully up to the demands of the age in which we live. GERMANTOWN ACADEMY On September 14, 1891, the Germantown Academy opened its one hundred and thirty-first school year. It is interesting to fix the time of the founding of the Academy by comparing it with the dates of other events. The first attempt to establish a school of any public character in Philadelphia, as far as can be learned from any obtainable records, was in 1741, only eighteen years previous to the work undertaken by the contributors to the erection of the Germantown Academy (1759). The Philadelphia Academy was founded as a means of educating young men for the Christian ministry in 1749. The foundations of the Germantown Academy were laid in 1760, and the building was ready for use in Sep- tember, 1761. The earliest masters were men of not only high education but of practical experience and methods. After some discussion as to the conduct of the school, particularly as to what branches should be taught, the following scale of charges per an- num was established : The Dead Languages, £$, 10s. ; the English Tongue Grammatically, ,£"3 ; Reading, Writing, etc., in the common manner, 40s. In August, 1764, it was shown that all the monies on hand and due the school amounted to /'213, 13s. and iod. On November 23d of this year the Latin school was separated from the English. In 1767 the Latin school was abolished. There were various minor changes, mostly for the purpose of decreasing ex- penses, but it still became necessary to raise money notwithstanding the patrons subscribed liberally. It was then that resource was had to the lottery scheme which, now unlawful, was then a rage and a madness. Female as well as male teachers were employed from the very outset. Many of the men who held position as trustees before the time of the Revolution are still represeuted by their descen- dants in the same board. At present the Academy is in a most flourishing condition. The first department, the Academic, com- prises two divisions, the Classical and English. The former is a complete preparation for our best colleges and university, its spec- ialty is drill in Latin, Greek and Mathematics. The English divi- sion being arranged for those who intend to complete their educa- tion at the Academy has a wider range of studies than that of the classical course. Freuch and German are substituted for Latin and Greek, with special attention to English literature, history and natural sciences. The primary department is for boys from six to twelve years of age. Reasonable encouragement is given to manly sports and rational amusements. There is an athletic association and a gym- nasium under the care of Dr. Faries, physical instructor of the University of Pennsylvania. "The Academy Monthly" is published bv the students. The terms are, Academic Department, first, second, third and fourth forms, f 125 ; fifth form, $100. Primary Department, first and second forms, I75 ; third and fourth forms, $50. These charges include all studies taught in the school ; there are no extras of any kind. There are at present 260 pupils, and seventeen teachers are employed. William Kershaw, A. M., Ph. D., Principal, No. 1 Shoemaker Lane, Germantown, Phila- delphia, Pa. The Primary Department is under the charge of Mrs. William Kershaw, wife of the principal. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES— HOTELS. GERMANTOWN BUSINESS COLLEGE Every young person should have a thorough knowledge of bookkeeping if they intend devoting their energies to a commer- cial career, or even if they are professional men, an insight into its many intricacies is of much advantage. During the past decade there has been a number of institutions of this nature launched upon their career, some have been successful, others have not proven themselves to be all that was desired. In order to insure success in such and in the tuition it is necessary that the principal should be a person who has had much experience as an educator. The Institution whose name heads this short sketch is one of three all of which are under the direction of Mr. Charles M. Abrahamsou: " The Germantown Business College, " " The Frankford College of Business and Short-hand," and "The Charles M. Abrahamson Commercial Institute of Camden, X. J. " All working together under one management, each important in itself, each drawing strength from the others. While these institutions cannot guaran- tee positions to graduates no competent graduate has ever been obliged to wait long for a position. The colleges have more de- mands for good young men and women than the supply produces. The Germantown Business College is not situated on a noisy down- town street. It is upon the wide, well paved, delightful thorough- fare, West Chelten avenue, a short distance from Main street out in the citified countrv, where the air is clear and the breezes fresh. Ii is accessible from any part of the city and suburban points. The study-rooms are large and airy, cool in summer, and well heated in the winter, and in every way adapted to the pleasure of comfort- able education. The instructors are well learned men and women, of broad and specific education, who know what to teach and how to teach it, to make hard work easier and routine work pleasurable. The diplomas given graduates are recognized through the country. A scholar armed with a Germantown Business College Diploma shows actual, tangible evidence of knowing business. It is a bond of knowledge secured by reputation. The college is run upon economical principles without sacri- fice to efficiency. Its location and other natural circumstances make it possible to educate young men at a less expense than other first-class institutions. During the winter season a night school is in operation for the benefit of those who cannot attend the day school ; the courses of instruction are the same in both classes. THE PHILADELPHIA MUSICAL ACADEMY Mr. Richard Zeckwer, Proprietor and Director of the Academy, was born inStendal, near Berlin, Germany, April 30, 1850. He studied music in Leipsic at the Royal Conservatory, at the same time attend- ing the University. He studied music with Mascheles, Rapperitz, Reinecke, Richter, Hauptman. He came to Philadelphia in Septem- ber, 1S69, and in 1S76 became proprietor of the academy in which he has taught since its organization. He has been a close student of acoustics and is a practical and advanced thinker in music, possess- ing the finest collection of acoustical apparatus in this country. As a pianist he has won the warmest encomiums from the press and public for his scholarly interpretation, and as a composer has been equally successful. He is the author of two orchestral overtures, " The Festival Overture" and "The Bride of Messina," both of which have been rendered several times by the Gerniauia Orchestra. He has also written many songs that have met with extreme favor. Aside from his numerous duties at the Conservatory, which confine him closely, Mr. Zeckwer has invented and placed upon the market a metronome, that for accuracy, durability and simplicity has no equal. These are being manufactured in large quantities and are the means of conveying Mr. Zeckwer's reputation to all quarters of the world. Mr. Zeckwer is also the originator of " liberating the ring finger." He has one of the most complete and valuable musical libra- ries in America. Added to his musical abilities he is endowed with a keen business capacity which has been properly exercised in the management of his academy. To describe in detail the working of this great conservatory it would be necessary to continue the sketch many pages. It is one of America's most important musical academies, and Mr. Zeckwer, who, by pursuing a careful manage- ment, has developed the academy until it now stands without a rival, and is unquestionably an institution of which Philadelphia is justly proud ; and that Mr. Zeckwer's efforts in behalf of the advance- ment of musical art have been duly appreciated is evident from the fact that nearly one thousand pupils are now attending the school. CONTINENTAL HOTEL The Continental Hotel is inseparably identified with the his- tory of Philadelphia. It has received the great majority'of distin- guished men and women who have visited this country at various times, and it has been the scene of many a great political move. Located at the southeast corner of Ninth and Chestnut streets, the building which was erected in 1859, and was then considered the handsomest edifice in the city, even now forms an imposing feature of Philadelphia's principal thoroughfare. It was the first reallv modern hotel with every accommodation in the city. Its original proprietors were Messrs. J. E. Stevens & Co., but in 1863 that firm retired and the hotel came under the sole management of Junius Edward Kingsley, who, with the assistance of his son Edward P. Kingsley and Colonel H. S. Brown, have succeeded in making the Continental one of the best known and most popular in the country-. Junius Edward Kingsley, who was one of the pioneer hotel managers of America, was born in Franklin, Connecticut, in 1S26. He came of good old Puritan stock, being descended paternally from Roger Williams, and by his mother's family from Elder Brewster. With nothing more than an old time country school- ing, he began his business career at the age of twenty, as a clerk on the " Shetucket, " one of the pioneer steamers of the Long Island Sound fleet, and justified his rapid promotion by a series of im- provements in the care and comfort of the passengers. His skill as a steward came to the notice of Captain Day, who invited him to the South to manage a line of steamers plying between New Orleans and Mobile. Here young Kingsley remained until 1856, when the lease of the Howard House in New York was offered and he went to the metropolis. There he soon made a reputation, and Paran Stevens proposed to him a flattering partnership at the new Continental Hotel, Philadelphia. To the Continental Mr. Kingsley carried the same energy and watchfulness which had marked and rewarded his previous under- takings. As soon as he became sole proprietor, during war times, he established a policy which has rendered the Continental famous, and made it as easy to entertain a prince and his suite, or a crowded convention, as a solitary traveler. The purely commer- cial side of the business Mr. Kingsley also developed to a great ex- tent. Making the Continental a model of proper economies and raising its standard of appliances to the greatest efficiency. He was especially proud of the Hotel's well drilled fire brigade and personally led it at the time of a disastrous conflagration on an ad- joining property, when the salvage he effected was so large that the insurance companies of Philadelphia voted him a magnificent silver service. The same earnest attention and impetuous fidelity to purpose distinguished his conduct as a citizen, his services as director of several large corporations, and as a member of impor- tant municipal committees. Having seen his own establishment placed on a solid foundation and his sons well initiated into busi- ness, Mr. Kingsley calmly and nobly laid down a useful and active life. He died in June, 1S90, at the Wissahickon Inn. The Wissahickon Inn was another of Mr. Kingsley's successful enterprises. It is considered one of the finest summer resorts in the countrv and is magnificently situated in the most picturesque part of Chestnut Hill. It is a bower of beauty in a setting of love- ly scenery and it is managed on the same elaborate scale and with the same "success that has brought the " Old Continental" such a large degree of prosperity and popularity. 2S1 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. THEATRES. MRS. JOHN DREW LYCEUM AND KENSINGTON THEATRES The story of the life of Mrs. John Drew is almost the history of the American stage for the past 70 years. The veteran actress having so identified herself with all that is artistic and legitimate in the dramatic profession that her record is the record of the national drama. Miss Louisa Lane (Mrs. Drew) was born in London, England, on January 10, 1820, her father and mother both being in the pro- fession. When only six years of age she made her entree on the stage at Liverpool, in 1S26, appearing as Ajib in " Timour the Tartar." The following year she came to America with her mother, then Mrs. Kinlock, and she made her debut at the Walnut Street Theatre in this city in 1827, playing Little York in " Richard III." The little debutante made an instantaneous success, her grace, ease and ingenuousness charming everybody. She rapidly developed considerable talent and played for some time as a juvenile star, and was a member of the Bowery stock company during the season of 1833. The young actress then went on an extended tour to Jamaica and the West Indies, and she returned with matured powers and ripened experience in 1832, making her reappearance at the Park Theatre, New York. In 1S34, when only fourteen years old, she played Julia in "The Hunchback" at the Boston Theatre, and achieved considerable success, and in 1S35 she went to New Orleans on a special engagement to play Lady Teazle in the "School for Scandal," and other high comedy parts. As she now laughingly remarks, " I was then leading lady at the large salary of $20 a week, I now get ten times as much." In 1836 Miss Lane made her first matrimonial adventure by mar- rying Henry Hunt an English singer. She was now acknowledged to be one of the best actresses in the country and, although only a girl, her range of parts was very great, including such characters as Ophelia, Portia, Julie de Mortimar, and all the leading comedy and tragic roles. She was also the original representative of For- tunio, at the Park Theatre, New York, in the burletta of that name, and she created Graeeful, in "The Fair One With the Golden Locks," displaying in both parts talented acting and charming singing. In 1847 the young actress separated from Mr. Hunt, and she went on a dramatic tour to Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Louis, Mobile and New Orleans. On her return the following year, she married George Mossop, a young Irish comedian ; this union was of only short duration, as Mr. Mossop died in 1849. The voung widow, however, did not stay long in a state of single blessedness, as in the following year (1S50) she married the well-known actor and great popular favorite John Drew. Mr. and Mrs. Drew soon after appeared together at Niblo's Garden, New York, on June 14, 1S52, the lady appearing as the Duchess de Torrenueva and Betsy Baker, and her husband plaving the comedy roles. In 1853 the talented couple came to Philadelphia and, in conjunction with William Wheatley, undertook the manage- ment of the Arch Street Theatre, organizing a memorable stock company and playing only legitimate comedy and drama. In 1857 Mrs. Drew went on a tour with her husband all through the countrv and made successes wherever she went. In 1861, in consequence of her husband's ill health, she assumed the sole management of the Arch, and has ably conducted its affairs ever since. In 1862 John Drew died, and the artiste, although comparatively young, was once more alone in the world. For the last 38 years Mrs. Drew has lived in Philadelphia, and has periodically delighted the citizens by her appearance in standard comedy. She is now rounding up her long and useful career in a series of memorable performances with Joseph Jefferson and William J. Florence. Her Mrs. Malaprop in "The Rivals," is considered the best performance on the stage at the present day. And so, full of years and honors, Mrs. Drew still con- tiues to vigorously take her part in the drama of life, and long may she do so. She has given to the stage all her children, and she is to be thanked for such bright additions to the dramatic world as John Drew of Daly's Company ; Georgie Drew Barrymore, wife of Maurice Barrymore, and Sidney Drew. Another clever daughter, Adine, died lately, she was quite young. This for over seventy years is the record of Mrs. John Drew, who is beloved by all Phila- delphians for her goodness of heart and her talents, and who is acknowledged by all to be the most versatile and finished actress on the English speaking stage. John G. Jermon, Proprietor and Manager of the Lyceum and Kensiugton Theatres, is the youngest theatrical manager in the city. He was born in Philadelphia on August 30, 1S66, and has been in the theatrical business all his life. He was Assistant Treasurer of the Temple Theatre, and when that was burned down he became Treasurer for H. R. Jacobs at the Lyceum Theatre, Nos. 720, 722, 724 and 726 Vine street ; the third season he became mana- ger, the fourth season he managed both the Continental and Lyceum Theatres, and in 1890 he became sole lessee and manager of the Lyceum. He subsequently took the Kensington Theatre from Mr. Hickey, and he speedily became prosperous and a power in the dramatic world. Mr. Jermon was the first manager to intro- duce first-class vaudeville entertainments at cheap prices, and he has ably proved the success of his suggestion. The Lyceum Theatre, which is one of the most popular in the city, was converted into a theatre in January, 1SS6, and at once started on a successful career as a popular priced amusement resort. Its growth has been steady and sure, and it is now one of the pret- tiest houses in Philadelphia, the decorations being both elaborate and handsome, the walls being lined throughout with silk plush, which is a novelty in theatre decoration. The Lyceum presents the leading vaudeville attractions and the best class of melodrama, and from the thousands of patrons that daily throng the theatre it is proved to be a necessity to the neighborhood in which it thrives. The Kensington Theatre is one of the most recent amusement palaces that have sprung up so quickly within the last few years all over the city. It is conspicuously situated at the corner of Frankford avenue and Norris streets, in the centre of an immense population. It was built by John Hart in 1S87 on the site of the old Shackamaxon Bank. Nothing was spared to make the house perfect of its class, and it is fitted with ever)' modern appliance, both before and behind the curtain. When Mr. Jermon took the reins he further improved the property, and it is now considered one of the handsomest popular-priced houses in the country. It is ornamented in the oriental style, after the manner of the old Tem- ple Theatre. Its amusements are vaudevilles, burlesques and sen- sational melodramas. The Kensington is one of the best paying houses in the city. Mr. Jermon, besides managing two prosperous theatres, also superintends the booking for the Academy of Music, at Wilming- ton, and he manages the publication of a number of theatre pro- grammes at No. 309 Franklin street. This young theatrical mana- ger is a shining example of Philadelphia push and enterprise. He is on the high road to fortune, while many men at the same age are only in their business leading strings. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. MISCELLANEOUS. WILLIAM WH1TAKER & SONS MILLBOURNE MILLS CO. The well known manufacturing firm of William Whitaker & Sons was established in 1813 by Henry Whitaker, the grandfather of the present members of the firm of that name. Henry Whitaker was born in England, and when he came to America to make his fortune he started the Cedar Grove Mill for the manufacture of bed tickings, and very soon, by his industry and energy, managed t<> build up a profitable and increasing business. He was succeeded by his sons, William and Robert Whitaker, and then a grandson of the founder, William Whitaker, was taken into the firm and the title of William Whitaker & Sous was assumed and it stands to the present day. William Whitaker, the elder, died on August 6, 1878, and the personnel of the firm became James Whitaker, David C. Nimlet, Robert Whitaker and Thomas D. Whitaker, the name re- maining unchanged. The business of the Cedar Grove Mills is entirely confined to the manufacture of bed tickings of the best kind, and it is one of the largest and the oldest establishment for that industry in the country. The old mill was carried on successfully just as it had been started nearly eighty years ago by Henry Whitaker, but in 1S76 the young firm added a new branch to their business by the purchase of the Tremont Carpet Mills, at Frankford, running that industry in addition to the original factory. Mr. James Whitaker, the senior member of the present firm, is Vice-President of the Merchants' National Bank, a director of the Fire Association, and a director of the Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad. He is also a director of the Camden Iron Works and of the Arrott Steam Mills Company. David C. Nimlet, the second partner, is a director of the Second National Bank of Philadelphia, and he attends to the office business at No. 203 Chestnut street. There are no manufacturers in the citv of Philadelphia that stand higher for sterling worth and business integrity that the firm of William Whitaker & Sons. THOMAS WILLIAMS, Jr., & CO. Samuel Williams commenced the lumber business previous to the year 1800 (date not remembered), on the lot corner of Fourth and Merchant streets, below Market street. His sons, Samuel and Joseph, succeeded him and occupied the ground southwest cor- ner of Fifth and Walnut streets. The celebrated engine builder and locksmith, Pat. Lyons, built the first fire engine for "The Diligent Engine Co." in his shop on this property ; it was called " The Diligent." From there they moved to the lot north side of Chestnut street, west of Tenth street. Their business was largely mahogany. At that time there were no steam saw mills. They had a pit dug in the ground, a log was laid on skids over it ; one man would go into the pit and one would stand on the log ; with a large saw they would cut the logs in such thicknesses as were desired. Samuel Williams died September 4, 1820. His brother continued the business and moved to the lot on the north side of Walnut street, between Eighth and Ninth streets, now occupied by the " Central Theatre." Joseph Williams died about the year 1S26. Howard Williams and Charles Williams succeeded him. Finding the space was too limited they moved to the southwest corner of Broad and Spruce streets, in the year 1S32. From there they moved to the southeast and southwest corners of Seventeenth and Spruce streets. In the vear 1S40 they retired from business, and the present firm of Thomas Williams, Jr., & Co., consisting of Thomas Williams, Jr., and his brother, David E. Williams, succeeded them on the corner of Seventeenth and Pine streets, and moved from there to Seven- teenth and South streets. David E. Williams died April 4, 1861. Thomas continued the business on the same site until 1S69, when he moved to the lot still occupied by the firm, corner of Eighteenth and Bainbridge streets. In this year he associated with him his sons, Samuel and David E. Williams, and his nephew, J. Randall Williams. Thomas Williams, Jr., retired from the firm in the year 18S0, and David E. Williams in 1SS1 . The business has been con- tinued under the same name by Samuel Williams and J. Randall Williams on the present site, corner of Eighteenth and Bainbridge streets, doiug a large wholesale and retail business, consisting largely of hard woods and all kinds of building material. No corporation or organization can better illustrate the march of improvement in industrial art than the Melbourne Mills Com- pany. Started nearly one hundred and fifty years ago, the great mills in Delaware county, immediately west of the city line, at Market and Sixty-third streets, now form a striking monument of the business tact and enterprise of the early settlers of the Quaker City. The real history of the Millbourne Mills begins when in 1690 an immigrant named Samuel Sellers purchased from William Penn a tract of laud on and adjoining the site of the present mill buildings, which now make conspicuous the corner upon which they arc situated. The land was permitted to lie idle for half a century, when, in 1757, John Sellers, first, grandson of the original purchaser, appreciating the growing importance of Philadelphia, erected on the Millbourne property the first mill. This was a grist mill of the crudest form, and its capacity was only five barrels of flour daily. Another fifty years went by and the business increased and devel- oped in a remarkable manner. At last, in 1814, the second mill was erected by John Sellers, second, and operated by John Sellers, third, as lessee and owner for a period of fifty years. The capacity of this mill was from twenty to fort)' barrels of flour daily. It was at this time that a radical change was developed in the grinding of wheat by the introduction of an invention of Oliver Evans, whereby automatic machinery handled the grain as it entered the mill and conveyed it through the various processes to its final disposal in the barrel as finished flour. This ingenious contrivance was quickly approved of by John Sellers, third, who was among the first to obtain a license to use the new elevators. Another half century of prosperity and in 1869 the mill of 1S14 was enlarged and equipped with new and improved machinery by the sons of John Sellers, third, and steam power was added to the water wheels turned by the force of water in Cobb's creek. The capacity of the mill was now fifty barrels of flour daily. Another radical change was made, ten years later, when, in 1879, the " roller system," or "new process," was introduced and added to the ma- chinery. The old mill-stone was superseded by the " Chilled Iron Roller Mill;" the quality of the flour was greatly improved and the capacity of the mill increased to one hundred barrels daily. Still further improvements were made in 1882 ; the qualitv of the flour produced became better than ever and the capacity was two hundred barrels daily. In 1SS5 the Millbourne Mills Company was formed with John Sellers, fourth, as President, and Nathan Sellers, Secretary and Treasurer. New machinery was fixed up to meet the requirements of the " new process," and the capacity was in- creased to two hundred and fifty barrels a day, the qualitv of flour being of the highest grade known to the trade. In 1S86 a new building, 70 feet by 33 feet, and five stories high, was erected to the east of the old mills of 1S14 and 1869, and it was equipped with the best known automatic machinery. The capacity was now- raised to three hundred and fifty barrels daily. A splendid and prosperous industry had now arisen from the humble inception of the old primitive mill of 1757. The buildings cover several acres and they comprise a portion of the original mill ol [814, a storehouse for bran, with a capacity of 125 tons ; a store- house for flour, with 3,000 barrels capacity ; a fine engine and boiler house, with two Buckeye engines, one Porter Allen engine of 150 horse-power, and two steel Galloway boilers, each six feet in diam- eter, either of them capable of developing 150 horse-power ; a fine carpenter shop, a blacksmith shop, and a grain elevator with a capacity of 40,000 bushels of wheat ; a water tower ninety-three feet high, with three water tanks holding 5,000 gallons each; the top story being devoted to cleaning machinery entirely apart from the manufacturing machinery, an additional precaution to secure puritv and cleanliness. In iSS9the latest addition was made bv the enlargement of the mill of 1814 by the addition of two stories. The new plant of 1888 was also started at its full capacity, and be- sides achieving a still greater improvement in the quality of the flour, the capacity was increased to five hundred barrels daily. The company is renowned for its teams of Clydesdale horses, noble animals of great power and weight. There are sixteen teams. They are all iron grays and used exclusively to haul grain to the mills and distribute the orders. At the present time they dis- tribute over four hundred barrels of flour daily and transport 2,000 bushels of wheat. Two of these animals are now doing the work that five ordinary horses were required to perform in the earlier and more primitive condition of the Millbourne business. 283 ^U'V^ ^^ \\fl\A v ' 1 .* ..^ c \ ^ A xW- a* &U»: 1 1//3 : Cl]r ;llcirti) American. \^xm\ > ^#; £M &* f^m ^v* W THE KVEMIMO STAB.' -- , ^. 58"sO cfr l lC(l / ?hi!ailcl|iliia ^bcmUJiisf. THE PHILADELPHIA NEWSPAPERS PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILA DELPHI A NS. THE PRESS. JOURNALISM IN PHILADELPHIA Probably in no other city in tlic United States is there so large a circulation as in Philadelphia of newspapers in proportion to the population ; and certainly not in any city is the purchaser and reader able to get an equal amount in both quality and quantity for the same sum of money. To those familiar with the enormous outlay in producing newspapers — the cost of machinery and mater- ial, and the expense each day for collecting from all parts of the world the contents of a single edition, as well as the cash disburse- ments for editing and putting this matter into type — it has long been a cause of marvel that, as a rule, copies of the daily papers of Phil- adelphia are sold at a price less than is demanded in any other place for journals of a similar class. Partly this result has been brought about by an energetic and sleepless competition, but its main cause bevond doubt is the impulse which impregnates every branch of trade or industry in this city to give to the consumer the largest return for his investment, and to be satisfied with the small- est possible margin beyond actual cost, as the benefit to the pro- ducer. At the present time four of the leading morning papers of Philadelphia : The North American, The Inquirer, The Record and 'The Times, all members of the Associated Press, are sold for one cent each. No one of these publishes less than six large pages each day, while all frequently enlarge the size of their usual issue by the addition of two, four and sometimes a greater number of pages. Of the afternoon dailies the majority are also penny papers. Philadelphia therefore may fairly be named as the home of the inexpensive newspaper, for while exceptional efforts have been made in that direction elsewhere it is here alone that this phenomenally low price is accompanied by no reduction in the size of the sheets, nor by any lack of that complete organization and equipment which constitutes a great newspaper. The Record was the first of the morning papers to make the venture of selling for one cent, since the war period when the high price of white paper made such a concession impossible. The North American was the next to enter the same field and the extraordinary pros- perity which followed in each case no doubt induced The Times and afterward The Inquirer to follow the same course. The Public Ledger and The Press — much larger papers than either of these previously- named — are sold for two cents each, and this is in pro- portion no more than the charge for other lower priced contempor- aries. It has seemed proper to refer to this uniformity of low price, because that is essentially the distinctive feature of Philadelphia journalism ; and its result has been not only to secure an im- mensely larger patronage for the various new-spapers, but also to cultivate an almost universal taste for newspaper reading. The effect of this of course has been to create an unusually intelligent and well informed body of citizens who, when their suffrage is de- manded upon any question of public interest, are apt to show a greater independence of the trammels of partisanship than exists in any other American community. It may be remarked in this connection that there seems to be a certain fitness in Philadelphia assumiug the first place in the general enterprise of cheap news- papers at this time ; for while it is claimed that the New York Post was the first established newspaper to be sold for one cent, several ventures in that direction had previously been made in Philadel- phia at an earlier date, and it was* as early as 1836 that the Public Ledger was issued and circulated at that price. It is said that at the present time there are regularly issued in Philadelphia more than three hundred publications that are classed, and in many cases most erroneously classed, under the head of "newspapers." Among these are included a great variety of sheets dedicated to special interests; and some maintained with 110 apparent reason for being, except the gratification of those by whom the trifling expense of their occasional production is paid. The history of The North American , the newspaper under whose auspices this volume is published, is practically the history of the advance of journalism in Philadelphia. The name by which it is now best known is not the same as those by which it has gained its title to be the oldest daily newspaper in America. In the merging into one the various publications whose history from time to time has become part of its own, the fancies of different proprietors, or the terms of the coalition, have supple- mented the necessity for the abbreviations of convenience. There were newspapers published in Philadelphia and elsewhere through- out the colonies previous to 1771. It was the Packet, however, which was started in that year and which was published under that name, and a little later as the Packet and General Advertiser, at varying intervals of time, covering never more than one week, which was the first to launch itself into the waters of marvellous en- terprise by beginuingthe issue of a daily edition on the 21st oi Sep- tember, 1784. This was the venture which gives to Philadelphia its rank as the birthplace of the American daily newspaper; and it is not trespassing upon the fact to assert that in every reputable and honorable feature which has brought distinction to journalism since that time this city has maintained its 1 ight to p The daily Packet and General Advertise} was a foui page sheet whose whole contents could easily be repeated in similar t\ po in a single page of the present issue of its successor, '/tic .\ ot Hi . InterS- can. It rarely contained more than a few lines of original com- ment, and its news consisted of extracts from letters or newspapers received from other points. Yet paralleled with its surroundings its enterprise of daily publication of a few hundred copies, labor- iously worked off upon a press which had to be fed, inked, and moved by hand, was scarcely less than that of The North American of to-day, feeding to the public by automatic machinery at the rate of nearly a thousand copies in one minute. The North .line/ ican is proud of its ancestor, and the name of the Advertiser is still printed as a part of its title every day, as is the name of United States Gazette, which, having itself absorbed the Advertiser, ami some other competitors, was made a part of The North American about fifty years since. Let anyone carefully and intelligently compare the press of Philadelphia with the press of any other large city of the Union, and he cannot fail to be impressed with the general superiority of its moral tone. Being a reflex of actualities, a world's history for a day, a daily newspaper must contain much that is painful, much that is startling, much that is occasion for regret ; but it is one thing to print in sober, decent fashion the inevitable story, as it comes only of suffering and of sin, and it is quite another system- atically to search out such stories and present them in such a way as to be as far as possible sensational and conspicuous. Anyone who has ever read the " breezy " journals of the untrammeledWest, or, not to go so far a field, has noted the course of some of the papers which claim to typify and dominate the journalism of New- York City, will understand exactly what is meant. Every crime is magnified, every disgraceful episode is made the most of, and as a consequence a kind of newspaper is produced apparently intended to be read in the cars, on the streets, in stores and in offices, but to be carefully thrown away by the reader before he returns to his home. Perhaps such papers best suit the place where they are published, best suit cities where the floating population is large, and the home sentiment is at its lowest ; but they would not suit Philadelphia. As this is pre-eminently and characteristically a city of homes, the press of this city, and especially the morning press, is prepared with a constant and sensitive regard for this circumstance. The daily newspapers of Philadelphia, with a very few ex- ceptions, are emphatically meant for home consumption ; they are meant to be read, as they very largely are read, in the family circle, and it is because this fact is so steadily, so necessarily- borne in mind, that their moral tone is so much higher than that of papers issued under less favorable conditions. They are not, as so many newspapers have degenerated into becoming, mere chroniclers of accidents and crimes. They aim to express, and with a large measure of success they do express, the worthy activities, the progressive aspirations of the community. They give currency and impetus to the serious thoughts of earnest men on serious sub- jects. Entering into a friendly alliance with the pulpit, they im- part to the utterances of the preacher by reproducing them, an impressive value far beyond that of their original delivery, and there is no great secular movement but has in the press of Phila- delphia, always a champion and exponent and oftentimes a pioneer. In every field of public labor, in the purification of poli- tics, in the education of the people, in the promotion of material prosperity, in the development of latent energy, in the quickening of private and municipal enterprise, in all the departments of thought and of action which touch the public weal, the newspapers of Phila- delphia will be found doing, in all times and seasons, from one year's end to the other, earnest, high-minded and successful work. They undoubtedly express, with exceptional fidelity and no small degree of force, the feelings, the opinions, and the aspirations of the great body of the community which they serve, and their in- fluence counts for much, counts far more than any other single fac- tor in the high level of well-being, physical, moral and mental, to which our city has attained, and in the opening up of the new era of advancement, the prospect of which now stretches bright before us. Patriotic, public spirited, progressive, and always de- cent, ever ready to champion the right and foremost in every struggle onward, the press of Philadelphia is easily the most im- portant, the most valuable and the most significant of all our local products. 285 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. "The boast of heraldry, the pump of power, W. N. ATTWOOD & SON The above firm began business in 1845, when Mr. W. N. Attwood opened an establishment at 119 North Eighth street, remaining there until i860, when a removal was made to 44 North Eleventh street, and in 1865 he purchased and refitted the building situated at 1216 Race street. In r868 Mr. Attwood took his son, N. J. Att- wood into partnership, and since his death in 1S7 1 , the business has been under the entire management of Mr. N. J. Attwood, who through his association with his father had become conversant with the details of the business. During the year 18S6 Mr. Attwood realizing that his offices were not located as advantageously as was desirable, the present premises 1632 Arch street were purchased and refitted to suit his wants. It has been his constant aim to supplv a class of custom who desire that everything shall be of the nicest quality, and the best materials used without ostentatious display. Mr. W. N. Attwood was born and spent his early career in England coming to this city in 1831. Mr. N. J. Attwood, was born in 1S41, his early education was received in the schools of this city. He has been a member of the Philadelphia Funeral Directors' Asso- ciation since its inception, haying served as Treasurer for some years. He is also connected with the Pennsylvania organization, having served in every capacity, and elected President at the last general assembly in June, 1891. He has been a delegate to the International Association upon several occasions. He is also Past Master and Treasurer of Covenant Lodge, No. 456, A. F. and A. M., by virtue of which he is also a member of the Grand Lodge. Mr. Attwood enjoys a reputation second to none in his social and business associations. J. WESLEY BOWEN The undertaker whose complete and thoroughl}- model estab- lishment is located at 101S South Second street, Philadelphia, came to this city in 1S47, having been born in Allegheny city, Pennsyl- vania, May 31, 1S42. In 1850 Mrs. Bowen moved to Beverly, New Jersey, taking her son with her. She sent him to the Normal Pre- paratory School at Beverly, where he remained until 1S58, when his mother returned with him to Philadelphia. He was a clerk in a grocery store when the war of the rebellion broke out. He en- listed in the Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, being mustered in as a private August 27, 1862. On the 1st of May, 1864, he was promoted to Commissary Sergeant. His first engagement was at Autietam. After this battle his regiment was transferred to the Army of the Cumberland. The number of engagements in which Mr. Bowen participated was twenty-nine, the principal fights being Autietam, Stone River, Dalton, Nashville, Resaca, Ken- nesaw Bluff and Chicamauga. On June 21, 1S65, he was mus- tered out of service. Charles Bowen, the father of J. Wesley Bowen, was born in Cape May county, New Jersey, and was in business as a plumber, he died in 1S6S, when his son took charge of the business. He removed the business to 126 South Second street in 1S90, having purchased the property and improved it ac- cording to the demands of business at considerable expense. At the time this business came into his possession it was the home- stead of Drs. A. and R. Albinger. Extensive alterations were made. All varieties of caskets and coffins are manufactured and everything appertaining to the business to the smallest detail are supplied. His portable chapels for funeral services are the most elegantly fitted in the United States. The manufactory and stables are at 967 to 969 South Front street. Mr. Bowen is connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church and has been librarian of the Wharton street Methodist Episcopal Church twenty-five years. He has a Sunday-school which is composed of 1 ,600 pupils. This fact alone shows how highly he is esteemed among his acquaint- ances. E. S. EARLY Few lines of business require the delicate care in management, and few men ever become more successful than E. S. Early, who stands foremost among the undertakers of Philadelphia. Mr. Early is a native of New Jersey, but came to this city in 1829 when quite a lad. He showed a preference for the undertaking business, and it was not long before he demonstrated his fitness for that calling. His instructors were Samuel Fayette and David Bowers, who were among the leading undertakers in their days. After having gained a thorough knowledge of undertaking in all its branches, first as an apprentice and later as a journeyman, Mr. Early, in 1S45, began business for himself, and by close application to his duties, his many gentle acts of kindness and his proficiency, he quickly ranked among the leading undertakers of the city, a position he has never lost. Mr. Early was the originator and' in- ventor of the casket, which he first placed in use in 1S65. Its in- troduction was warmly praised at the time by the leading news- papers of the country, and was generally considered an important innovation for burial purposes. He has also had charge and as- sisted at the funerals of some of the greatest men of the dav, in- cluding that of President Lincoln, Bishop Simpson and General Grant, assisting at the latter by special request. Mr. Early organ- ized the State Undertakers' Association, and was its first president. Although now in his sixty-ninth year Mr. Early possesses the ap- pearance of a much younger man, and is as energetic and healthful as the majority of men at fifty. He was married in 1S44 an d has five living children, one of the daughters being inarried to Dr. Hancock, of this city. SAMUEL P. FRANKENFIELD Samuel P. Frankenfield is a well-known undertaker of West Philadelphia, who carries on a large business at the corner of Fifty- third and Vine streets. Mr. Frankenfield was born in Doylestown, Bucks County, Pa., on October S, 1826. He was educated at the public schools and worked on a farm until he was iS years of age. Then he served as au apprentice to a cabinetmaker until he reached his majority. In March, 1S48, he came to Philadelphia and worked at the carpenter's trade until 1853. He travelled on journey work in 1854; then he went into business as an undertaker, succeeding to that of Evan Lewis, who had established it in 1846. Mr. Frankenfield's first funeral was March 18, 1846, and as soon as he went exclusively into the business he achieved immediate success. He married in 1853 the daughter of David H. Goncher, a builder, and has had ten children. In connection with his father- in-law he embarked in the building business, and among the edifices he has helped to erect are the first public school building in West Philadelphia, the Blockley Baptist Church, West Philadelphia, and the Monroe Engine House at Hestonville. Besides being a car- penter, builder and undertaker. Mr. Frankenfield is a thorough musician. He was the leader of the first cornet band that was ever organized in Philadelphia, and is familiar with, and can play any of the instruments used in a well-regulated band. For many years he had charge of the music at Blockley Baptist Church. His musical talents have earned him many valuable testimonials, of which he is justly proud. Mr. Frankenfield's career is one that can be held up as an example to the rising young men of the country. From a very humble commencement as a farm hand he has risen to be a wealthy citizen, an expert builder, and a clever musician. THOMAS GRAHAM & SON Among the leading and most popular funeral furnishers in the city is the firm of Thomas Graham & Son, who carry on business at No. 1 123 Lombard street. For over thirty years the founder of the firm has engaged in business in the city and by energy and pluck he has arrived at that milestone on the road to prosperity which assures success. Thomas Graham was born in Ireland in 1S17, and when only a baby was brought to this country. He was educated in the schools of Philadelphia, and served a seven years' apprenticeship as a cabinet-maker to Thomas Cook, of Cook & Parkins, and afterwards worked for the same firm as a journeyman. In 1837 young Graham went to Virginia and after four years of travel, during which he gained valuable experience, he returned to Philadelphia in 1841. After working at various trades and accumulating a good knowledge of business and of the world, Mr. Graham in 1862 started in the business of an undertaker at No. 31S South Twelfth street where he prospered and acquired such a business that he had to seek more spacious premises at No. 11 23 Lombard street. Thomas K. Graham, his only son, served his time under the super- vision of his father, and evinced such an aptitude for the business that in 18S6 he was taken into partnership and the style of the firm was announced as Thomas Graham & Son. The firm is well known as furnishing the most perfectly ap- pointed funerals. Many of Philadelphia's most honored citizens have been laid at rest by Messrs. Graham & Son. Both father and son are members of various lodges and societies anion;; them being Odd Fellows' Lodge, Crystal Fount, No.no; Ashland Encamp- ment, No. 45. Mr. Thomas Graham is a worthy member of the Masonic fraternity, having been initiated in the Oriental Lodge No. 289, and the Palestine Chapter. He is also a member of the Knights of Pythias No. S6, and the Crusaders' Lodge. PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. " And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave, "Await alike the inevitable hour; J. LEWIS GOOD J. Lewis Good was born February 4, 1S53, and he learned his business most thoroughly under the able tuition of his father who died in 1S77. Mr. Good, senior, was one of Philadelphia's most prominent undertakers. He was the inventor of the cold air pre- server for preserving bodies without the direct application of ice, for which he was granted letters pateut ill 1S43, as well as honorable mention from the Franklin Institute in 1S45. He also introduced the style of casket now in general use, coffins having been univers- ally used before. He was a pioneer in practical embalming. During the war he was present on many battlefields, and embalmed the remains of soldiers to bring them home for interment. On the death of his father, J. Lewis Good purchased the full interest of the business from his brothers and sisters, and has gradu- ally acquired his present prosperous business. During the coroner- ship of Thomas J. Powers, Mr. Good was appointed as the Coroner's private undertaker, and he has filled that position up to the present time. Mr. Good has been prominent in military circles for many years. In 1871 he joined Company B, First Regiment, National Guard, as a private, he quickly arose to the rank of Sergeant, then Quartermaster Sergeant, and then Lieutenant. During the Pitts- burg riots he was in command of Company C, and for his bravery was promoted to be Captain, and subsequently became Major, which rank he now holds. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the Young Republican Club and a Major of the Campaign Club. He is also Secretary of the Eighth Section School Board and a member of the Philadelphia Board of Health. He belongs to the Masonic Lodge, Philo, No. 444 ; Spring Garden Lodge, No. 4, Knights of Birmingham ; the Improved Order of Red Men, and the Benevolent Order of Elks. Mr. Good married when he was twenty-one years old, and has two children. He has a summer residence at Llauwcllyn, Delaware county, and has been a constant attendant at St. Andrew's Protestant Episcopal Church, on Eighth street above Spruce. Among the prominent people that have been buried by father and sou are Major General Smith, Lieutenant Greble, Judge Asa Packer, and Rear Admiral O. S. Glisson, U. S. Navy. They also assisted at the obsequies of Henry Clay, General George Gordon Meade, and Colonel Baker of the California Regiment. JOHN MORROW HALL Head of the firm of John M. Hall S: Co., general furnishing undertakers, 1728 Fairmount avenue, Philadelphia, was born at Windham, Rockingham county, New Hampshire, March 10, 1S1S. His father was a carpenter and cabinet-maker and in his shop he learned his trade, mastering it in every detail. Leaving home, he went to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1S36, where he gained still further knowledge in the business he chose for a livelihood. He re- mained in Boston until 1843, anc ' then making a long trip through the Southern and Western States he decided to locate in Philadel- phia. In March, 1S45, Mr. Hall having concluded that undertak- ing was the business best suited to his abilities, he entered the em- ploy of William Hill Moore, the well known funeral director, re- maining with him until February, 1857. Then he associated him- self with Washington Yates at 1313 Vine street; this connection concluded by Mr. Hall purchasing the business and assuming the entire control. Mr. Hall continued the business at 1313 Vine street until 1S63, when ill-health compelled a temporary retirement from active work. He remained away from Philadelphia seeking abso- lute rest for two years, when in 1865 he returned and resumed the management of his business, establishing himself at 728 Fairmount avenue. The junior partner of the firm of John M. Hall & Co., is Mr. A. R. Crissie. Both gentlemen are fully capable of fulfilling all the requirements of their calling and they have in their eniplov-- ment people skilled in all the various branches. They use the very latest appliances of the funeral director, and supply everything re- quired for interments. In the manufacture of caskets and coffins, particular care is given to the selection of the most durable woods, and in the selection of draperies, plates and handles, good taste is always exhibited. July 15, 1S39, and is a son of Adam Keller, who established the business in 1835 on Fifth street above Race, and who was one of the oldest undertakers in the city. In 1S47 Mr. Adam Keller re- moved to No. 227 North Ninth street, and to the present location in 1882. Adam Keller was sexton and superintendent of the ceme- tery connected with the old St. John's Lutheran Church at Sixth and Race streets. He was founder of the Sunday-school in the church when only twenty-one years of age. His family had been prominent members of the church since its foundation in r8o8. All of Adam Keller's sons have taken prominent places in the world and occupy honorable and important positions. Peter A. Keller, who died in Paris in 1S90, was the founder and first President of the Independence Bank of Philadelphia ; Adam is Cashier of the Car- lisle Deposit Bank, at Carlisle, Pa. ; George A. is Rector of old St. David's Church, near Wayne, and Luther P. Keller, the subject of this sketch, has devoted himself from the early age of sixteen years to the business of the family. In 1863 he was admitted as a mem- ber of the firm of Adam Keller & Son, and he worked hard and con- scientiously to consolidate the prosperous connection brought together by the energy of his father. In 1877 Luther P. was left to carry on the business alone, and he changed the firm's name to his own, and has steadily prospered and acquired reputation and suc- cess. During the long period that elapsed during which the Keller family haveacted as undertakers for the population of this city, many prominent and respected citizens have been laid to rest by them, among them being the Rev. P. F. Mayer, D.D., for fifty-two years pastor of St. John's Lutheran Church; the Rev. C. P. Krauth, LL. D., Vice-Provost of the University of Pennsylvania, and Norton Pro- fessor of the Theological Seminary ; the Rev. Theophilus Stork, D. D. ; Charles F. Schaeffer, Professor of Theology at the Lutheran Theological Seminary ; the Rev. Father Heyer, a well-known Indian missionary ; Ex-Mayor Daniel M. Fox ; Edwin M. Lewis, President of the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank ; his brother, S. Weir Lewis ; William L. Schaeffer, President of the Girard Bank ; Joseph Jones, President of the Commercial Bank; General Henry Bohlen ; T. S. Arthur; Col. James Reeside, United States Mail Contractor, and Squire John Goodman, of the old Northern Liberties. The firm have 111 many families attended to the funerals of five generations. Luther P. Keller stands in the foremost rank of the Lutherans of Philadelphia, and is a noble specimen of that solid German stock which has done so much to consolidate and strengthen the foundations of the Quaker City. LUTHER P. KELLER Among the oldest and most representative firms of undertakers in the city of Philadelphia is Luther P. Keller, who has carried on business at Nos. 713 and 715 Green street since 18S2. Mr. Keller conies from a fine old Lutheran stock, and his business has been car- ried on almost exclusively under that patronage. He was born S. L1NDLEY RUTTER S. Lindley Rutter, the well known funeral director of the northwest corner of Fortieth and Wallace streets, West Philadel- phia, was born in the old Southwark district, on August 9, 1861. He is the youngest of seven children. His father was Samuel Potts Rutter, who was a well known financier, and was connected with the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank for nearly half a century. He was born in 1S13, and died in 1S86 in this city. During his long career at the bank, all the collaterals being in his special charge, he won the confidence, respect and esteem of all the patrons of the bank. The mother of S. Lindley Rutter was the daughter of Isaac B. Baxter, who established the well known hardware store, one of the oldest in the city, located in Southwark. She died in 1889. S. Lindley Rutter was educated in the public schools of Philadelphia, and when fifteen years of age he was apprenticed to the undertaking business. He served in this capacity seven years, his employer being one of the best known funeral directors of Phila- delphia. He quickly displayed natural qualifications for the busi- ness, and showed that he fully understood its requirements. He established himself in business' in 1886. In religion he is an Epis- copalian, and is influentially and prominently connected with the old Trinity Church of Southwark. His establishment at Fortieth and Wallace streets, is supplied with all modern appliances in his line of business, and is tastefully fitted up. He personally super- intends as far as possible all funerals given in his charge. He has arrangements by which he can secure interments in any of the city or suburban cemeteries. Mr. Rutter is a gentleman whose characteristics enable him to quickly make and long retain friends. Few people are aware of the exacting nature of the business of the undertaker. It can be said of Mr." Rutter that one of his chief qualities is that he never delays. At the cemeteries his assistants personally see that everything is in complete readiness. Boards or strips of carpets are laid, canopies erected and every precaution taken to prevent exposure. Careful and reasonable, Mr. Rutter has won the respect and confidence of the community in which he resides. 287 PHILADELPHIA AND POPULAR PHILADELPHIANS. "The paths of glory lead but to the grave." ROBERT TOWN Mr. Town was born in this city November 19, 1S19, and was educated in the public schools. His father, Benjamin Town, was a manufacturer of fancy chairs, and Robert was taken into partner- ship by his father in 1S40. In 1848 the undertaking business was founded, and in 1S49, when his father died, young Robert gave up the manufacturing of fancy chairs and devoted his whole time and attention to the funeral furnishing business. Mr. Town has always been identified with the West Arch Street Presbyterian Church. He has served on most of the various committees and has transacted a considerable portion of the church business. But he has not confined his business to any particular sect or denomination. His business has gradually developed until it is now a very extensive one, and rich and poor alike come to him. Mr. Town is noted for his kindness of heart, and his benefactions are numerous. Time and again he has opened his purse and contributed to the necessities of poor families in the time of affliction. Mr. Town has three sons, one assists him in his business, one is a prosperous undertaker in West Philadelphia, and another is an examining physician and surgeon for the Pennsylvania Railroad at Broad Street Station. Mr. Town has never taken part in public affairs, although from his popularity and well-known integrity, he has many times been solicited to allow his name to be used as a candidate for some public office in the city. He has contented himself with the de- velopment and consolidation of the business which he founded in 1848 and maintained by his own personal supervision, his invari- able affability and honesty. Mr. Town is a member of the Odd Fellows, being one of the leaders of the West End Lodge, No. 355. Unassuming, quiet and industrious, he is an example of those energetic, hard-working citizens that have done so much to develop and enrich the Quaker City. CLEMENT A. WOODNUTT Prominent among the Friends who have formed so great a por- tion of the history of the Quaker City is Undertaker Clement A. Wooduutt, who conducts his business at No. 1226 North Fifteenth street. Mr. Wooduutt was born on July 28, 185 1, in Salem county, New Jersey- He was educated in the Friends' school, which, like all farmer's sons, he ouly attended four months each year, and be- gan life as a farmer, afterwards working in a grocery store. In the year 1871 young Woodnutt wanted a larger field for his ambition, and he came to Philadelphia and obtained a position in a store in GermantowMi. In 1S83 was employed by Furman & Shaw, in a hardware store, and after five years' service, having become very popular among the Friends by his affability and push, he began the undertaking business and has succeeded beyond his most san- guine expectations. He started business above Girard avenue, and finally located on Fifteenth street, where he now is. Mr. Woodnutt is a member of the Soeietv of Friends, of the Hicksite branch of the sect, and he is a trustee of the Friends' establishment at Fifteenth aud Race streets. He is prominent in all the meetings of the sect, and his opinion is always asked for and respected. In politics he is a staunch Republican, and he is a true Mason, being a member of the Philadelphia Lodge, No. 72, and Jerusalem Chapter, No. 3. He is also a member of the Undertakers' Association, besides being active on all the more important committees. During his career as an undertaker Mr. Wooduutt has officiated at the burial of many prominent Friends and officials of the city ; the more important being Bessie Mcintosh, who, three years ago, was found dead at Point Breeze, and whose case was the cause of much dissension at the time. She was the daughter of the editor of Scribners' Monthly. Remains are prepared for burial and bodies embalmed at any hour in the most expeditious and superior manner, anil interments are procured in any of the suburban cemeteries. Mr. Woodnutt is a gentleman of courteous manner and highest personal integrity, as well as thoroughly experienced in every feature and detail per- taining to the undertaker's profession. VETERINARY SURGEON FRANCIS BRIDGE One of the most prominent aud popular veterinary surgeons is Francis Bridge, State Veterinary Surgeon, who carries on a pros- perous business at No. 228 North Fifty-third street, West Phila- delphia. Mr. Bridge was born at Denton, near Manchester, Eng- land, on May 13, 1836. His school life ended at the early age of fourteen, and he began his business career as assistant to a veterin- arv surgeon. But, his father objecting to the profession, at the age of twenty he started as a commercial traveler and continued in that business for four years. He came to America in iS64and em- barked in the cotton business on Front street, Philadelphia, in which he remained until 1870. Then he went into partnership with Mr. Bennett, under the name of Bridge & Bennett, and started a flour and feed business and a livery stable. The firm owned many horses and his knowdedge as a veterinarian came in useful. He soon became disgusted with the manner in which horses were treated, aud he determined to return to England and complete his studies as a veterinary surgeon. He returned to this city in 1872, aud at once went into the active practice of his profession. He was a pupil of Professor Bunnell of England, and passed his examinations as a graduate of the Royal Veterinary College. In 1S79 a meeting of the Agricultural Board of Philadelphia was called to consider the diseases of cattle in the State, aud to devise special means for the extirpation of pleuro-pneumouia. Mr. Bridge proved more familiar with the subject than any one present, and he was appointed veterinary surgeon for the counties of Phila- delphia and Delaware. In this position he proved himself a super- ior diagnosian and he was soon appointed State Veterinary Sur- geon, which office he has held with honor to himself and satisfac- tion to all concerned. He is considered a high authority in the treatment of diseases of horses and cattle, and his practice has grown to large proportions. He is associated in the business with his son, Frank, who is also an expert veterinarian. Both gentle- men are highly esteemed by every member of the profession, aud they are looked up to as honorable and prosperous citizens. INDEX GENERAL SUBJECTS. Banks and Trust Companies 65 Brewing and Distilling 232-236 Commerce 195 Insurance 84 Journalism in Philadelphia 2S5 Manufactures ........ 101 Medical Schools and Colleges .... 250 Railroads 239, 240 Real Estate, Architects, etc 221 Shipbuilding; ........ 237,238 The City of Philadelphia .... 5 The City Government and Departments . . 7 The Supreme Bench 31 The Philadelphia Bar 32 ILLUSTRATIONS. Benjamin Rush . Frontispiece, Statue of Willie Hahnemann Medical College Independence Hall Manufacturers' Club Robert Morris . Stephen Girard . The Betz Building . The Philadelphia Newspapers The Public Building . University of Pennsylvani William Rawle . William Tilghman . ALLEGORICAL DESIGNS. Architecture Commerce . Executive Finance History Insurance Justice . Manufactures Medicine . PORTRAITS OF OFFICIALS. Beasley, C. Oscar Devlin, Edward A. . Disston, Hamilton! Gill, William B. McMichael, Charles B. Penrose, Boies Porter, Charles A. Ridgway, John J. Shot well, Alonzo Smedley, Samuel L. Stuart, Edwin S. -Taylor, John Walton, Henry F. Windrim, James H. . PORTRAITS OF BENCH .AND BAR. Alexander, Robert Beasley, C. Oscar Beck, James M. . Brewster, F. Carroll . Bright, O. Percy . Bullitt, John C. . Dechert, Henry M. Dechert, Robert P. Etting, Theodore M. Gazzam, Joseph M 54 Howson, Henry 61 llitt-y, Samuel B. 45 Keator, John F 52 McCulleu, Joseph P • ■ 55 McKeehau, Charles Watson 50 McMichael, Charles B. . . n Morrell, Edward de V 59 Paul, James W - 34 Penrose, Boies 22 Porter, William W. . . 40 Ridgway, John J. 26 Ryan, Michael J 58 Scott, Henry James 51 Terry, Henry C. 47 Veale, Moses 43 Walton, Henry F 23 Weigley, William W 46 PORTRAITS OF PHYSICIANS. Briuton, Lewis 253 Brown, C. H 269 Brown, William K 268 Ford, William H 256 Fox, L. Webster 256 Gilbert, Irwin B. 271 Hancock, Joseph 272 James, Bushrod W 273 Keim, William H 276 Mansfield, Robert J 274 Neidhard, C 275 Warder, W. H 265 Yarrow, Thomas J 264 PORTRAITS OF BUSINESS MEN. Allison, W. C 123 Bailey, John T 145 Bartol, George E 205 Betz, John F . . 233 Brooke, F'rancis M 206 Caldwell, J. E . 125 Church, William A 244 Clothier, Isaac H 199 Cramp, Charles H 238 Cramp, William 237 Deacon, Charles R 246 Disston, Hamilton 24 Disston, Henry 133 Elkins, William L 170 Elliot, A. G 164 Ellison, John B 197 Filbert, L. S 160 Fitler, Edwin H 144 Foster, Albert 246 Foulkrod, William W 215 Franklin, Benjamin 62 Gibbs, William W .166 Gill, William B 21 Hall, Augustus R 202 Hancock, Clinton G 244 Harrison, George L 188 Hastings, William H 192 Herzog, George 228 Hood, Thomas G 196 Horr, R. C 217 Hulburt, Chauncey 214 Jayne, David, M. D 174 Johnson ,'Charles Eueu 142 Jones, Daniel 246 Keen, Edwin F. 165 Keen. Frank A 165 Keiin, George de B 242 Knight, Edward C 117 McCallum, Hugh n 9 M'Leester, Alexander 135 McLeod, Archibald A 241 McMichael, Clayton 4 Miller, Arthur 211 Miller, George .... . 132 Mitchell, J. B 164 Moore, James 143 Mtlller, George . . 216 Nichols, Henry K 244 Nixon, Martin " 148 Odeuheimer, Frank G 246 Ostheimer, Maurice 210 Porter, Charles A 28 Reisser, Charles H 247 Roney, C. Henry 227 Rorke^ Allen B 225 Sartain,John 229 Sheppard, Isaac A 152 Shotwell, Alonzo 25 Sloan, A. J 119 Steele, Joseph 207 Strawbridge, Justus C 19S Stuart, Edwin S 8 Sutter, Daniel 211 Taylor, William R 244 Widener, Peter A. B. ... . 171 Wright, Earnest A .230 ILLUSTRATIONS OF BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES. Bank of North America . Chestnut Street National Bank Consolidation National Bank Drexel & Co. 's Building . First National Bank . Girard National Bank Market Street National Bank Mechanics' National Bank National Bank of the Republic The Philadelphia National Bank Provident Life and Trust Company of phia Security Trust Company of Philadelph The Commonwealth Title Insurance and Trust Company The Guarantee Trust and Safe Deposit Company The Land Title and Trust Company The Pennsylvania Company for Insurances on Lives and Granting Annuities The I'liion Trust Company .... The Philadelphia Warehouse Company Iron Hall Temple 24S ILLUSTRATIONS OF INSURANCE COM- PANIES. American Fire Insurance Co 85 Franklin Fire Insurance Co S7 Manhattan Life Insurance Co 97 Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Co 86 Provident Life and Trust Co. of Philadelphia . 96 The Delaware Fire Insurance Co 90 Philadel 2Sy INDEX The New York Life Insurance Co. (N. Y.) The Penn Mutual Life Insurance Co. . The Pennsylvania Company for Insurances and Granting Annuities The Spring Garden Fire Insurance Co. ILLUSTRATIONS OF MANUFACTORIES, Etc. Baeder, Adamson Co.'s Works Baldwin Locomotive Works . Barr Pumping Engine Works Bell Telephone Co.'s Building Belknap, Johnson & Powell's Manufactory Bement, Miles & Co.'s Works Berry & Orton Co.'s Works Betz, Johu F. & Son, (Limited), Brewery Blessing's, C. A., Works .... Bower, John, Co.'s Packing House Brill, J. G., Co.'s Car Works Campbell, George, Co.'s Works Chipman, Charles, & Sons, Factory Continental Hotel Darby, Edward, & Sous Manufactory . Germantown Spinning Company's Mill . . 183 Gibsonton Distillery (Moore & Sinnott) . . 236 Girard Point Storage Company's Grain Elevator and Petroleum Wharves Griswold Worsted Mill Gutekunst, F., Studio .... Hall & Carpenter's Warehouse Hance Brothers & White's Manufactory Harrison Bro.'s & Company's Offices . Harrison Bro.'s & Company's Works . Hoopes & Townsend Works . Justi's, H. D., Works Lewis, John T., Brother & Co.'s Works Lukens & Whittington's Manufactory . Morse, Williams Co.'s Elevator Works . Muhr, H., & Sons Factory Noble, Charles & Co.'s Stove Works Pennsylvania Iron Works Company's Works Pennsylvania Steel Co.'s Works (Steelton, Pa. Plumb's, Fayette R., Works .... Poth, F. A., Brewing Company's Brewery Powers & Weightman's Laboratory Rex, Alfred C, & Co.'s Works Schaum & Uhlinger's Works . Sellers, William, Co.'s (Inc.) Works The Brush Electric Light Co.'s Plant . ic The Delaware River Chemical Works (Baugh . Sons Company) .... The Philadelphia Shafting Works (George V Cressou The S. S. White Dental Co.'s Manufactory . The United Gas Improvement Company (Lowe Apparatus) Thomas, Roberts, Stevenson Co.'s Stove Work Tracy Worsted Mills Company Walsh's, Phil. J., Stores . White, Hentz & Co.'s Warehouses Wyeth, John, & Brother's Works . The Merchants' Trust Company .... 83 The Mutual Banking Surety, Trust and Safe De- posit Company 24 g The Pennsylvania Company for Insurances on Lives and Granting Annuities . ... 93 The Philadelphia National Bank .... 68 The Philadelphia Warehouse Company . . 82 The Union Trust Company .79 Iron Hall, Order of 2 .g INSURANCE COMPANIES. PAGE 182 87 94,95 American Fire Insurance Co Franklin Fire Insurance Co. Girard Fire Insurance Co. Manhattan Life Insurance Co. Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Co. . Provident Life and Trust Co. of Philadelphia The Delaware Fire Insurance Co. . The Fidelity Mutual Life Association . The New York Life Insurance Co. The Penn Mutual Life Insurance Co. . The Pennsylvania Company for Insurances Lives and Granting Annuities . . .93 The Spring Garden Fire Insurance Co. . . 91 MANUFACTURERS. Allison Manufacturing Co. • 123 American Meter Co i 35 American Pipe Manufacturing Co. ... 124 Amer, William, & Co 138 Atlantic Refining Co. ... . . 172 Baeder, Adamson & Co. . .... 118 Bailey, John T., Co i 45 Baldwin Locomotive Works .... 102, 103 Barr Pumping Engine Company . . . .178 Baugh & Sons Company II4 Belknap, Johnson & Powell . . .177 Bement, Miles & Co. Berry & Orton Co. . . . Blatchley, Charles G. . . . Blessing, C. A Bower, Johu, & Co. . Brill, J. G., & Co. Buck, William J., Sons & Co. . . . IJ4 Butcher's, Washington, Sons . . . . 114 Caldwell, J. B., & Co .' I25 Campbell, George, & Co. ... . . 162 117 58 167 140, i [50, [51 167 REVIEWS OF BANKS AND TRUST COM- PANIES. Bank of North America . . .66 Chestnut Street National Bank 1A Clarke, E. W., & Co. . Consolidation National Bank Corn Exchange National Bank Drexel & Co. First National Bank Girard National Bank Manayunk National Bank Market Street National Bank Mechanic's National Bank National Bank of the Republic Provident Life and Trust Con Phia .... Security Trust Company of Philadelphi; The Commonwealth Title Insuranc Company .... The Guarantee Trust and Safe Deposit Company The Guarantee Company of North America The Laud Title and Trust Company upany ofFhiladel- ud Trust Carrick, Thos., & Co Chipman, Charles, & Son Clinton, E, & Co. Cofroyd & Savior (Inc.) . Collins & McLeester . Conover, David F., & Co. Cramp, B. H.,& Co. . Cresson, George V. Crew, Levick & Co. . Darby, Edward, & Sons . Dingee, James E. . . . Disston, Henry, & Sons . Dolan, Thomas, & Co. Eavenson & Sons Elkins, William L. . Elliot, A. G., & Co. . Emerald Cotton Mills Fitler, Edwin H., & Co. . Ford, Kendig & Co. . French, Samuel H., & Co. Fulton, Mahlon & Co. Germantown Spinning Company Gibbs, William W. . Gilliugham, Garrison & Co. (Limii Gossler & Co Graham, J. C, & Co. Greer, Joseph Griswold Worsted Co. (Limited) Haines, Jones & Cadbury Company Hance Brothers & White . ,g Harrison Brothers & Co. . . igg jg- Heroy & Co . . ' 116 Hoopes & Townsend 12S, 129 Hughes & Patterson .... ' ,„ Jardin Brick Co. . . . ! 140 Jayne, Dr D., & Son 174,175 Jessup & Moore Paper Co. Johnson, Charles Eneu Justi, D. H Keebler-Weyl Baking Company . Keen's, Eli, Sons Keystone Marble Co. Knight, E. C, & Co. ... Lewis, John T., Brothers & Co. Lockwood Manufacturing Co. Lukens & Whittington McCallum & Sloan . McKay & Kahler .....' . ^7 McLeester, Alexander . i« McNaughton, J. C, Co. . Medlar, A. J., Co Millbourne Mills Company ... 2 g, Miller, George, & Son '.'.-'. 132 Moore, James .... Morse, Williams & Co. . ' i2 q Muhr, H., & Sons .... ' lu Nixon, Martin and W. H., Paper Co. . ] H g Noble, Charles, & Co. , Oat, Joseph, & Son . . ' ' Partrick, Carter & Co. Pennsylvania Iron Works Co. no m Pennsylvania Steel Co ' , Penn Lumber Co. Pennypacker, W. G. . ng Perkes, Charles .... Perot, Francis, & Sons Malting Co. i 6o Phillips, Townsend & Co. Pilling & Madeley . Pittsburg Testing Laboratory . Plumb, Fayette R. . . . Plumly, George W Pollock, James Pottsville Iron and Steel Works . Potter, Thomas, Sous & Co. . Powers & Weightmau Quaker City Oil Co Ramsey, R. H Remmey, Richard C. . . . Rex, Alfred C, & Co. Rowland, William & Harvey . . l6o Sauquoit Silk Company .... ,,-, Schaum & Uhlinger .108 Sellers, William, & Co. (Inc.) .... Io6| , 0? Sheppard, Isaac A., & Co. ... ' ,„ Stambach & Love Stephens, Armstrong & Conkling . Stewart, S. S Smith, Kline & French Co. 153 j Taylor, Robert J., & Son .... l3 l j The A. M. Collins Manufacturing Co. '. The Belmont Iron Works The Cambria Iron Co. The Delaware River Chemical Works The Electro Dynamic Company The Fletcher Works . The Franklin Sugar Refining Co. . The Gloucester Irou Works . The Harrison Safety Boiler Works The Hastings Truss Co. . The Horn, Branneu & Forsyth Manufacturing- Co. (Inc.) K The Johu B. Stetson Co The Mellor-Rittenhouse Co. . The Perseverance Wood Working Mill The Philadelphia Black Lead Crucible Works The Philadelphia Shafting Works The Philadelphia Truss Co. . . . [ I42 The Phoenix Bridge Co. . . . Iog The Phcenix Irou Co. ' I0 The Portland Paving Co. . ' ] , 5g The Reading Rolling Mills Co I53 The Rue Manufacturing Co. . . . I]2 The S. S. White Dental Manufacturing Co. . 116 The Theodore C. Knauff Co. . The United Gas Improvement Co. The Wilmington Dental Manufacturing Co. . 126 The Wilson Biscuit Co. . . ... 121 Thomas, Roberts, Stevenson Co. . . ^1 Tidewater Oil Co. \ l6s Tracy Worsted Mills Company , . u6 Trymby, Hunt & Co. ...... 166 176 158 176 156 136 INDEX Virginia Lumber Co. Vollmer, G., & Son .... Vulcanite Taving Co. Wampole, H. K., & Co. . Warren-Ehret Co Wharton, William. Jr., & Co. (Inc.) Whittaker, William & Co. Wood, Alan Co. .... Wood, R. D.,& Co Wyeth, John, & Bro. MERCANTILE HOUSES. Allen, R. J., & Sons . Bacon, Josiah M. Bailey, E. H., & Co. . Bartol, George E., Company Betts, Charles M., & Co. Blakey & McClellan . Bradley, Thomas Brooke, F. M. & H. . Coates, Joseph H., & Co. Coleman & Brother . Cunningham, P. J., & Co. Dearborn, George E. Dreer, Henry A. Dutton, William D. . Ellison, John B., & Sons Gillespie, Zeller & Co. Hall & Carpenter Harrington & Goodman Hood, Foulkrod & Co. Horr, R. C, & Co. Hughes & Muller Hulburt, C, & Co. . Irvona Coal Company Justice, Philip S., & Co. Knight, J. Stewart, & Co. Landreth, David, & Sons Lee, Jesse, & Sons Lippiucott, Johnson & Co Love, Alfred H.,&Co. McFadden & Co. Mann, E. R., & Co. . Mitchell, James E., & Co Mitchell & Meigs Munroe Bros. & Co. . Ostheimer Brothers . Patterson, Henry C, & Co Perot, Charles P., & Co. Phillips, T. Bennett . Reeves, Parvin & Co. Sharpless & Watts . Sites, Wheeler & Co. Straw-bridge & Clothier Sutter & Miller . The Berwind-White Coal Tucker, Alfred, & Co. Walsh, Phil. J. . Ware & Canby . Warren-Ehret Company Wigtou, R. B., & Sons Willard, E. M. . Williams, David, E. & Co Williams, Thomas, Jr., & Co. Wright, Tyndale & Van Roden Young, Smyth, Field & Co. . ACADEMIES AND SCHOOLS. Gerrnautown Academy .... Germautown Business College North Broad Street Select School Philadelphia Musical Academy Philadelphia University of Short Hand ARCHITECTS. Baker & Dallett . Cope & Stewardson . Decker, W. H. . Durang, E. F. . Hazelhurst & Huckel Hewitt, G. W. & D. W. Hutton, Addison Johnson, Lindley Ord.John . PAGE Powell, W. B 224 Roney, Henry C. 227 Varnell & Goforth 224 ARTISTS. Herzog, George ( Decorator! 22S Weisgerber, Charles H 227 BREWERS AND DISTILLERS. Betz, John F., & Son (Limited) . . .232 Germania Brewing Co 233 loth, F. A., Brewing Co 234 Moore & Sinnott (Gibsonton Distillery) . . 236 White, Heutz & Co 235 Young, Alexander Co 236 CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS. Ballinger, R. C, & Co 224 Levering & Garrigues 226 Rorke, Allen B 225 Watson, George 225 DETECTIVE AGENCY. , Benjamin ENGINEERS. Brown Brothers & Sim: Brown. PMward . Levering & Garrigues Roberts, Frank C. Roney, C. Henry ENGRAVERS AND PHOTOGRAPHERS. Blanc, Albert . . 2 Gutekunst, Frederick . . . . i Sartaiu, John 2 Sartain, Samuel 5 Wright, Ernest A : ELEVATORS. Girard Point Company's Grain Elevatoi Petroleum Wharves .... ELECTRIC COMPANIES. The Brush Electric Light Company The Electro Dynamic Company HOTELS. The Continental MEDICAL COLLEGES. Hahnemann Medical College . Jefferson Medical College The University of Pennsylvania . MERCANTILE AGENCY. Dun, R. G , Co PATENT AGENCY. Howson & Howson RAILROADS. The Pennsylvania Railroad : The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad . 240, : REAL ESTATE. Hancock, George W. McCann, T. H. . Truitt, Charles B., Jr. RESTAURANTS. •'17 SHIP BUILDING AND ENGINE WORKS. Cramp's, William, Sons 237, 23S STEAMSHIP LINES. American Steamship Line ... * Baltimore and Philadelphia Steamship Co. TELEPHONE COMPANY. The Bell Telephone Company 15 I The Trades League 247 PAGE THEATRES. The Arch Street 282 The Kensington 282 The Lyceum 282 THE PRESS. Journalism in Philadelphia 285 The North American 2S5 UNDERTAKERS. Attwood, W. N., & Son ... . . 2S6 Briughurst, R. R 17 Bowen, J. W*esley 286 Early, E S 286 Frankenfield, S. P 286 Good, J. Lewis 287 Graham, Thomas, & Son 286 Hall, J. Morrow 287 Keller, L. P 287 Rutter, S. Lindley 287 Town, Robert 288 Woodnutt, Clement A 288 VETERINARY SURGEON. Bridges, F 288 Woman's Silk Culture Association . . . 218 BIOGRAPHY. Addicks, William H. Aldrich, Herbert E., M. D Alexander, Robert Allen, Joshua, M. D. . Allen, Joshua G., M. D Allison, William C. . Anders, James M., M. : Ashbridge, Samuel H. Ashhurst, Richard L. Atkinson, William B., M. D. Barnes, John Hampton Barratt, Norris S. Bartol, George E. Batt, Wilmer R..M.D. Bauer, Lewis G., M. D. Beasley, Charles Oscar Beck, James M. . Beeber, Dimner . Beitler, Abraham M. Beitler, Lewis Eugene Bell, Frank F. . Bell, John Cromwell . Booth, James R. . Bosbyshell, Oliver C. . Boyer, Henry K. . Bradford, Thomas Hew Branson, Mary, M. D. Brewster, F. Carroll . Bright, O. Percy Brintou, Lewis, M. D. Brooke, Francis M. Brown, Francis Shunk Brown, C. H., M.D. . Brown, William K., M. D. Buchanan, Francis, M. D. Bucher, Francis E. Buckby, William, M.D Bullitt, John C. . Bullock, George A. Buzby, Duncan L. Cadwalader, Charles E. Canby, James B. Cautlin, John R. Cardeza, James W. M. Carmichael, Thomas H., M. D. . . . 269 Cair, William W. Carson, Hampton L 46 Cassin, Isaac S. . Castle, David M., M. Cattell, Henry s. Chestnut, John II. w., M. I Christian. Hilary M., M. Ii Christine, G. Maxwell, M.D. Church, William A. Clarke, Daniel C. Cleemau, Richard A., M. D INDEX Closson, James Harwood, M. D. Colahan, John B., Jr. Comber, John E. Connell, H. P. . Cooper Thomas V. Coppuck, Malcolm M. Cresson, Charles M., M. D. Curtin, Roland G., M. U. Custis, Alfred Frank . Daly, Timothy M. Deacon, Charles R. . Dearborn, George E. Dechert, Henry M. Dechert, Robert P. . Deekens, A. Hamilton, M. Deylin, Edward A. Dickson, Samuel Diehl, Thomas . Disston, Hamilton . Dittman, Matthew Doran, Joseph I. Drew, Mrs. John Duumire, George B., M. D. Durham, Israel W. . Dutton, William D. . Dwight, Henry E . M I>- Elcock, Thomas R. . Elkins, William I.. . Etting, Theodore M. Fahy, Thomas A. Fisher, Sidney G. Fisher, William Righter Fitler, Edwin H. Fletcher, Leonard R. . Ford, William H., M.D. Fortescue, Louis R. F. Foster, Albert Foulke, William G. . Foulkrod, William W. Fox, L. Webster, M. D. Franklin, Benjamin . Gardiner, George W., M. I Gardiner, William H., M. Gazzam, Joseph M. . Gendell, J. Howard . Genth, Fred. Aug., Jr. Geyelin, Henry Laussat Gibbs, William W. Gilbert, Irwin B., M. D. Gillette, Alfred S. Gill, William B. . Goodman, H. Earnest, M. Gorman, William Grady, John C. . Graham, George Scott Graham, James, Mil. Graham, J. C. Gratz, Alfred Greene, Charles D. Green, Thomas . Grew, William . Griffith, Silas, M. D. Hancock, Clinton G. . Hancock, Elmer F.., M. D. Hancock, Henry* James Hancock. Joseph, M. D. Hanuis, William C. . Harrington, Edwin S., M Harrison, George I.. . Hastings, William H. Henry, James Bayard Hewson, Addinell, M.D. Hinckley, Robert H. Hicks, Thomas J. Hill, John L. Hooper, Peter. M. D. Hopper, Harry Shelmire Howson, Henry . Huey, Samuel B. Hutt, William H., M.D. Ingham, p;ilery P. Ivins, Horace P., M. D, PAGE James, Bushrod W., M.D 273 James, Horace E., M.D 271 Jayne, David, M. D 175 Jenkins, Warner H 159 Jones, Daniel 245 Jones, J. Levering 46 Judd, Leonard D., M.D 25S sner, Daniel, M.D 272 iffman, Luther S. 60 Keator, John Frisbee 52 :n, George deB 242 Keim, W. H, M. D 276 Kent, James Tyler, M.D 279 Kinsey, John Lippiucott 10 le, Robert Hays, M.D 258 Knight, Edward C 117 36 Lamon.John 16 56 Lane, Peter, Jr 23 Latta, James W 12 Lautenbach, Louis J., M. D 258 Leach, Joseph Granville 25 Learning, Thomas 58 Lee, Benjamin, M.D 258 Lee, Jesse 218 Lex, William Henry 45 Lister, Charles I. 38 Little, James H 36 Lloyd, Richard C IS e, Alfred H. 200 Love, Louis F, M.D. 259 Lukeus, William H. R 57 McCain, James Penn 14 McCulIen, Joseph P 55 McCully, William F. 20 McCreary, George D. 8 McKeehau, Charles Watson 50 McKinlay, John Stewart 42 McLeod, Archibald Angus 241 McLeod, George I., M. D. 274 McMichael, Charles B 11 Macfarlan, Duncan, M. D 274 Magill, Edward W 56 Mann, Charles N 14 Mann, William B 13 Mansfield, J. Robert, M.D 274 Marsden, Biddle R., M.D 274 Marshall, H. Clay 25 Martin, David 27 Melick, Leoui 49 Mellors, Joseph 47 Miller, George B., M. D 259 Montgomery, Edward E., M.D 259 Moore, Alfred 40 Moore, James 143 Morrell, Edward De V 59 MUller, George 216 Myers, Leonard 34 Neidhard, C, M.D 275 Nichols, Henry K 243 Noble, Charles P., M.D. , 259 O'Brien, William H 44 O'Callahan, Michael J 59 Odenheimer, Frank G 245 Oellers. Richard G 20 Ord, John 15 Paist, Joseph H 18 Pancoast, W. H., M. D 259 Park. William K 17 Parrish, Joseph 39 Paul, James W 34 Peirce, George 40 Peltz, Richard 13 Penrose, Boies 22 Penrose, Richard A. F., M. D 260 Pepper, George Wharton 53 Pettit, Silas W 39 Phillips, Alfred J 46 Phillips, John L., M.D 260 Pierce, William A. D , M. D 279 Pierie, George G 20 Plumb, Fayette R 141 Porter, Charles A 28 PAGE Porter, William G , M. D 259 Porter, William W 39 Potter, Thomas 104 Powell, Milton, M.D 279 Powers, Thomas J 23 Raue, Charles G., M.D 275 Rawle, Francis 44 Rawle, Wm. Brooke 42 Reed, William A, M. D 276 Reeves, Joseph Morgan, M. D. .... 276 Reeves, S. W 39 Register, H. C, M. D., D.D. S 265 Rehfuss, Emil G., M.D 260 Rex, Oliver R., M. D 261 Rex, Walter Edwin 46 Rhoads, E. Clinton 58 Ridgway, John J 26 Roberts, Charles B 13 Robinson, D. Stuart 54 Rothermel, P. F., Jr. 43 Ryan, Michael J 58 Sanders, Dallas 41 Sartain, Harriet Judd, M. D 276 Schaefer, Gustave R 56 Schiiffer, Charles, M.D 261 Scott, Henry James '51 Sellers, James C 49 Shattuck, Frank R 59 Shelmire, W. H. 27 Sheppard, Furman 34 Sheppard, Isaac A 152 Shields, William G 8 Shober, John B., M.D 261 Shoemaker, John V., M. D 261 Shotwell, Alonzo 24 Simpson, Louis M 47 Smedley, I. G, M.D 272 Smedley, Samuel L 14 Smithers, Elias P 41 Smithers, William W 60 Smith, Charles H., M. D 272 Smith, George W., M. D 277 Soberuheimer, Fred. A 50 Staake, William H 40 Stewart, David D., M. D. 262 Stokley, William S 19 Stover, Lewis 35 Strittmatter, I. P., M.D 262 Stuart, Edwin S S Taylor, John 10 Taylor, William R 242 Terry, Henry' C. 47 Thatcher, Jesse W., M.D .-77 Titman, George Willis, M. D. .... 277 Tuttle, David K. 27 Vail, Lewis D 36 Van Baun, William W., M.D. . . .277 Van Leunep, W B., M D 277 Veale, Moses 43 Vischer, Carl V., M.D 278 Vogler, George W., M. D 262 Walker, Daniel R 16 Walker, James B., M.D 262 Walker, Mahlon M., M.D 278 Walker, Samuel E, M.D 262 Walters, Louis R 29 Walton, Henry F 23 Ward, John A 56 Warder, William H., M.D 263 Warren, Lucius H 51 Warwick, Charles F 11 Weigley, William W 46 Weyl, Augustus . 157 Widener, P. A. B 171 Wilson, James C, M. I) 263 Williams, Thomas C, M.D 278 Wilson, W. Reynolds, M. D 263 Windrim, James H 9 Woods, Matthew, M. D 264 Yarrow, Thomas J , M. D 264 Young, James K, M.D 264 Ziegler, Walter M. L, M.D 265 4-° "^ * ' WL77V <^o^