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BUREAU OF MINES 
 INFORMATION CIRCULAR/1988 
 
 Characterization of the 1986 
 Coal Mining Workforce 
 
 By Shaii J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 
 
 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
 
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 Information Circular 9192 
 
 Characterization of the 1 986 
 Coal Mining Workforce 
 
 By Shail J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 
 
 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
 Donald Paul Hodel, Secretary 
 
 BUREAU OF MINES 
 T S Ary, Director 
 
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 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 
 
 Butani, Shail J. 
 
 Characterization of the 1986 coal mining workforce 
 
 (Information circular ; 9192) 
 
 Bibliography: p. 7 
 
 Supt. of Docs, no.: I 28.27:9192 
 
 1. Coal miners— United States. I. Bartholomew, Ann M. II. Title. HI. Series: Information 
 circular (United States. Bureau of Mines) ; 9192. 
 
 TN23.tM3~ 622 s 331.7'622334'0973 88-600142 HD8039.M62U6 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Page 
 
 Abstract 1 
 
 Introduction 2 
 
 Acknowledgments 2 
 
 Survey methodology 2 
 
 Population 2 
 
 Sample 3 
 
 Data collection 3 
 
 Data coding, entering, and editing 3 
 
 Estimation procedures 3 
 
 Grouping of characteristics 4 
 
 Job title and principal equipment operators 4 
 
 Employment size class 4 
 
 Present job, present company, and 
 
 total mining experience 4 
 
 Job-related training during last 2 years 4 
 
 Age 4 
 
 Reliability of estimates 4 
 
 Validation of estimates 5 
 
 Summary of major findings 5 
 
 Application of data for injury analyses 7 
 
 Recommendations for future work 7 
 
 References 7 
 
 Appendix A. — Coal mining industry job 
 
 title grouping 8 
 
 Appendix B. — Coal mining industry 
 
 equipment operated grouping 11 
 
 Appendix C. — Estimation procedures 13 
 
 Appendix D. — Reliability of estimates: 
 
 random group variance technique 14 
 
 Appendix E. — Coal mining 1986 workforce 
 
 estimates 15 
 
 Appendix F. — Mining industry population 
 
 survey letters and questionnaire 57 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 1. Percentage of 1986 coal mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by age 6 
 
 2. Percentage of 1986 coal mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by sex 7 
 
 3. Percentage of 1986 coal mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by race 7 
 
 TABLES 
 
 1. Population and injury statistics for 1986 coal mining sector 2 
 
 2. Demographics survey response status: 1986 coal mining sector 3 
 
 Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates— 
 
 E-l. Employment size class, by type of coal mined 15 
 
 E-2. Job title, by type of coal mined 15 
 
 E-3. Principal equipment operated, by type of coal mined 16 
 
 E-4. Work location at mine, by type of coal mined 16 
 
 E-5. Experience at job, company, and mining, by type of coal mined 17 
 
 E-6. Training received, by type of coal mined 17 
 
 E-7. Age distribution, by type of coal mined 18 
 
 E-8. Sex, race, and education, by type of coal mined 18 
 
 E-9. Job title, by employment size class 19 
 
 E-10. Principal equipment operated, by employment size class 20 
 
 E-ll. Work location at mine, by employment size class 20 
 
 E-12. Experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class 21 
 
 E-13. Training received, by employment size class 22 
 
 E-14. Age distribution, by employment size class 22 
 
 E-15. Sex, race, and education, by employment size class 23 
 
 E-16. Job title, by principal equipment operated 24 
 
 E-17. Job title, by work location at mine 26 
 
 E-18. Job title, by years of experience at job 27 
 
 E-19. Job title, by years of experience at company 28 
 
 E-20. Job title, by years of mining experience 29 
 
 E-21. Job title, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 30 
 
 E-22. Job title, by years of age 31 
 
 E-23. Job title, by sex 32 
 
 E-24. Job title, by race 33 
 
 E-25. Job title, by education 34 
 
 E-26. Principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job 35 
 
TABLES— Continued 
 
 Page 
 
 E-27. Principal equipment operated, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 36 
 
 E-28. Principal equipment operated, by years of age 37 
 
 E-29. Principal equipment operated, by sex 38 
 
 E-30. Principal equipment operated, by race 39 
 
 E-31. Principal equipment operated, by education 40 
 
 E-32. Job, company, and mining experience, by work location 41 
 
 E-33. Training received, by work location 42 
 
 E-34. Age distribution, by work location 42 
 
 E-35. Sex, race, and education, by work location 43 
 
 E-36. Experience at job, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 44 
 
 E-37. Experience at job, by years of age 45 
 
 E-38. Experience at job, by sex 46 
 
 E-39. Experience at job, by race 46 
 
 E-40. Experience at job, by education 46 
 
 E-41. Experience at company, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 47 
 
 E-42. Experience at company, by years of age 48 
 
 E-43. Experience at company, by sex 48 
 
 E-44. Experience at company, by race 49 
 
 E-45. Experience at company, by education 49 
 
 E-46. Age, by education 49 
 
 E-47. Age, race, and education, by sex 50 
 
 E-48. Age and education, by race 51 
 
 Number of workers and coefficient of variation— 
 
 E-49. Employment size class, by type of coal mined 51 
 
 E-50. Job title, by type of coal mined 52 
 
 E-51. Principal equipment operated, by type of coal mined 53 
 
 E-52. Work location at mine, by type of coal mined 54 
 
 E-53. Experience at job, company, and mining, by type of coal mined 54 
 
 E-54. Training received, by type of coal mined 55 
 
 E-55. Age, by type of coal mined 55 
 
 E-56. Sex, race, and education, by type of coal mined 56 
 
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 1986 COAL MINING WORKFORCE 
 
 By Shail J. Butani 1 and Ann M. Bartholomew 2 
 
 ABSTRACT 
 
 In 1986, the Bureau of Mines conducted a probability sample survey, Mining 
 Industry Population Survey, to measure such employee characteristics as occupation; 
 principal equipment operated; work location at the mine; present job, present company, 
 and total mining experience; job-related training during the last 2 yr; age; sex; race; 
 and education. The population estimates are necessary to properly analyze the Mine 
 Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) injury (includes illness and fatality data) 
 statistics; that is, to compare and contrast injury rates for various subpopulations in 
 order to identify those groups that are exhibiting higher than average injury rates. 
 
 This report uses the survey's results to characterize the U.S. coal mining workforce 
 from March through September 1986. A companion report, Information Circular (IC) 
 9193, "Characterization of the 1986 Metal and Nonmetal Mining Workforce," provides 
 similar information for the U.S. metal and nonmetal mining industry. 
 
 'Mathematical statistician (now with Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC). 
 Statistical assistant. 
 Twin Cities Research Center, Bureau of Mines, Minneapolis, MN. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 According to the occupational safety and health (OSH) 
 statistics published annually by the U.S. Department of Labor, 
 Bureau of Labor Statistics, the mining industry (excluding oil 
 and gas extraction) always has had one of the highest injury 
 incidence rates among the major industry divisions. One of the 
 primary objectives of the Bureau of Mines is to conduct 
 research in the area of health and safety of the nation's miners, 
 aimed at reducing the incidence rate of work-related injuries, 
 (includes illnesses and fatalities) in the domestic mining indus- 
 try. In order to reduce the overall incidence rate, the Bureau 
 needs to identify which groups or subpopulations of the 
 workforce are exhibiting higher than average incidence rates. 
 
 To identify the high-risk groups, information about the 
 injured workers and about the entire workforce is required. 
 Present regulations permit MSHA to collect information on all 
 mine injuries requiring medical attention. Hence, a data base 
 containing various characteristics on the injured workforce is 
 available. Since similar information about the entire workforce 
 was not available, the Bureau conducted a probability sample 
 survey called the Mining Industry Population Survey (MIPS), 
 also known as the demographics survey, to collect the neces- 
 sary data. The 1986 survey measured the following character- 
 istics: job title or occupation, principal equipment operated, 
 work location at mine, experience at present job, experience at 
 present company, total mining experience, job-related training 
 during last 2 yr, age, sex, race, and education. This demo- 
 graphics survey provided information about the population at 
 risk and will aid research in pinpointing the hazardous seg- 
 ments of the population, as illustrated by the following 
 example. 
 
 From MSHA's coal injury data base, it is known that 
 12,765 males and 197 females working in the U.S. coal mining 
 industry were injured in 1986. If information about the 
 population at risk (i.e., the number of male and female 
 workers for the coal industry in 1986) is not known, then it is 
 not valid to draw the conclusion that male miners are at a 
 much higher injury risk than female miners. The estimates 
 from the demographics survey show that there were a total of 
 
 144,859 male workers and 6,119 female workers (table E-23) 
 employed in U.S. coal mining in 1986. Of these workers, the 
 nonoffice workforce identified by occupation or job title 
 consists of 142,363 males and 3,328 females (table E-8). The 
 reason for excluding office workers from the analysis is to 
 account for some of the obvious difference in job risk. It 
 should be noted that in the office worker category, only 2 pet 
 are males and 46 pet are females (table E-23). 
 
 The added information on the population puts the injury 
 statistics in a better perspective, as shown in table 1 . 
 
 Table 1 .—Population and injury statistics for 
 1986 coal mining sector 
 
 
 Population statistics 
 
 
 
 Injury statistics 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Injuries 
 
 pet Lost workdays pet 
 
 Male 
 Female . 
 
 142,363 
 
 3,328 
 
 97.7 
 2.3 
 
 12,765 
 197 
 
 98.5 302,841 97.9 
 1.5 6,374 2.1 
 
 Total.. 
 
 145,691 
 
 100.0 
 
 12,962 
 
 100.0 309,215 100.0 
 
 Since the difference between the population and injury 
 distribution is relatively large, it would be interesting to further 
 investigate the source of variation. Could it be due to varia- 
 tions in the job mix by sex? 
 
 Hence, the present research will aid in finding solutions to 
 reduce the injury incidence rates for the high-risk groups. That 
 is, the collected information will be used to compare and 
 contrast the demographics composition of the hazardous 
 groups with those of the safer groups. Thus, through present 
 research, the differences and similarities between the two 
 groups can be defined. 
 
 The purpose of this report is to provide the U.S. coal 
 mining population estimates for March through September 
 1986 by various characteristics. This information is essential to 
 performing the injury data analysis which is the ultimate goal 
 of the survey. 
 
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
 
 The authors thank the officials of the U.S. Department of 
 Labor, MSHA, for submitting the MIPS package to the Office 
 of Management and Budget for its clearance to collect the 
 data. Special thanks go to Kathy Snyder, public affairs spe- 
 
 cialist, Office of Information and Public Affairs, MSHA, for 
 initiating the study, and to Edwin Thomasson, research liaison 
 officer, Technical Support, MSHA, for his continuous effort 
 and support. 
 
 SURVEY METHODOLOGY 
 
 POPULATION 
 
 The MIPS covered all workers employed in the anthracite 
 coal (SIC 3 111), bituminous coal (SIC 121), metal (SIC 
 101-106, 109, 281), stone (SIC 141, 142, 324, 327), sand and 
 gravel (SIC 144), and nonmetal (SIC 131, 145, 147, 149, 289, 
 299) mining industries of the United States during the period 
 
 3 The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) was revised in 1987; the industry 
 group numbers used here are those in effect at the time of the MIPS. 
 
 March through September 1986. This report gives estimates 
 only for the coal mining (SIC 111 and 121) sector; IC 9193 
 gives estimates for the 1986 metal and nonmetal mining sector. 
 The information pertaining to the mine employees in- 
 cluded in the survey was collected through the mine operators, 
 because a comprehensive sampling frame (name and address 
 file) of the workers in mine establishments was not available, 
 and cost considerations prohibited the data collection through 
 personal visits. The number of universe units (establishments 
 under MSHA's jurisdiction) covered by the scope of this survey 
 
was approximately 18,350, with a total employment level of 
 about 350,000. The number of establishments and employ- 
 ment for the coal mining sector was about 7,750 and 160,000, 
 respectively. The scope of the data for the employees covered 
 by this survey is the same as that of the data collected by 
 MSHA form 7000-1 for the mine accidents, injuries, illnesses, 
 and fatalities, and MSHA form 7000-2 for quarterly mine 
 employment and coal production. The collection of the fun- 
 damental statistics reported on these two forms is required by 
 law (30 U.S.C. 813; 30 CFR 50). 
 
 SAMPLE 
 
 The principal feature of the survey sample design was its 
 use of two-stage stratified random sampling. The primary 
 sampling units (first stage) were the mine establishments; the 
 secondary sampling units were employees within each of the 
 chosen mine establishments. The characteristics used to strat- 
 ify the primary units were the industry (anthracite coal, 
 bituminous coal, metal, stone, sand and gravel, nonmetal); 
 mine type (underground, surface, plant or mill); employment 
 size class (1-19, 20-49, 50-99, 100-249, 250-499, 500-999, 
 1 ,000 and above); and status code (active, intermittent). Since 
 the first three stratification characteristics are highly correlated 
 with the characteristics that the survey was to measure, use of 
 stratified sampling increased the efficiency of the sample 
 design and thus resulted in a smaller required sample size. The 
 fourth characteristic, status code, was chosen so that nonre- 
 sponse adjustment could be made within more homogenous 
 groups. This is desirable because proportionately higher num- 
 bers of nonmailable, out-of-business, refusal, etc., responses 
 are reported from intermittent mine establishments than from 
 active mine establishments. 
 
 The sampling frame used for this survey was the 1985 
 preliminary address and employment file maintained by 
 MSHA. A probability sample of 1,476 coal establishments 
 from a universe of 7,733 coal mining establishments was 
 selected by stratifying the frame as previously described and 
 using a systematic sampling procedure with a random start for 
 each stratum. The employees within an establishment were 
 selected by using a systematic sampling procedure with a 
 common random start for each employment size class. 
 
 A brief description of the sample allocation is as follows. 
 For larger employment size classes, the allocation procedure 
 placed all of the establishments on the frame in the sample as 
 primary sampling units from which the employees were sub- 
 sampled at a low frequency rate. As employment size class 
 decreased, smaller and smaller proportions of the establish- 
 ments were included as primary sampling units, but the 
 employees within the establishments were subsampled at a 
 higher frequency rate. The use of this procedure gave each 
 employee, to the extent possible, about the same probability of 
 inclusion in the sample, thus reducing the sampling variability. 
 In order to limit the response burden for any one establish- 
 ment, a maximum sample of 50 employees per establishment 
 was selected. 
 
 DATA COLLECTION 
 
 The MIPS was conducted from March through September 
 1986 by mail questionnaire through the Bureau's Twin Cities 
 (MN) Research Center. A reproduction of the original letter, 
 followup letter, and the questionnaire bearing the Office of 
 Management and Budget clearance number authorizing col- 
 lection of the data are included in appendix F. 
 
 Table 2 gives a summary of the results for the coal mining 
 sector from the original and followup mailings, as well as from 
 telephone calls to the nonrespondents. 
 
 Table 2.— Demographics survey response status: 
 1986 coal mining sector 
 
 Overall Usable 
 
 Industry Population Sample res P° nse "J^^ res P° nse 
 
 No. pet No. pet 
 
 Anthracite coal 406 141 124 88 105 84 80 
 
 Bituminous coal 7,327 1,335 1,112 83 858 538 63 
 
 Total 7,733 1,476 1,236 84 963 622 65 
 
 1 Nonrespondents + usables + refusals + unusables (excludes out-of- 
 businesses, nonmailables, duplicates, temporary inactives, and new busi- 
 nesses under construction). 
 
 A brief description of the response terms follows: 
 Response code Description 
 
 Nonrespondent Received no response from the 
 
 establishment. 
 
 Usable Establishment provided usable data. 
 
 Refusal Establishment refused to provide any 
 
 data. 
 Unusable Establishment provided data that 
 
 were not in usable format. 
 Nonmailable Establishment's address was either 
 
 insufficient or wrong. 
 Duplicate Data were combined with another 
 
 establishment's data. 
 Out-of-business Establishment was permanently 
 
 closed. 
 New business Establishment was in development 
 
 stage. 
 Temporary inactive... Establishment was temporarily not 
 
 operating. 
 
 As part of the data collection phase, all the returns were 
 reviewed and edited for completeness and reasonableness of 
 the data. Whenever there were inconsistencies, the respondents 
 were called for reconciliation. Also, almost all of the respon- 
 dents that had initially refused to participate in the survey were 
 contacted by phone. Approximately 80 pet of these respon- 
 dents ultimately supplied data. Adjustments for those mine 
 establishments that did not supply the data, or supplied partial 
 data, are explained in the "Estimation Procedures" section 
 and in appendix C. 
 
 DATA CODING, ENTERING, AND EDITING 
 
 The returns underwent a very comprehensive review and 
 editing process in order to (1) minimize the reporting differ- 
 ences among the respondents (establishments), (2) ensure 
 consistency of coding among the individual worker entries, (3) 
 ensure the accuracy of the data entry, and (4) ensure compat- 
 ibility of occupation and equipment coding with the MSHA 
 injury data base. 
 
 ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 
 
 In a simple random sampling plan, all units are sampled 
 with the same sampling ratio. To derive the population esti- 
 mates, the sample units are weighted (replicated) by the inverse 
 
of the sampling ratio. Because of efficiency consideration, the 
 data for this demographics study were collected using a 
 complex survey design. Hence, the data for each worker, the 
 ultimate sampling unit, were not equally weighted. Instead, the 
 population estimates were derived by weighting data for each 
 worker with the appropriate final weight of the data, which 
 was the product of the following three factors: (1) the inverse 
 of the sampling ratio with which the primary sampling unit 
 (establishment) was sampled; (2) a nonresponse adjustment 
 factor that was computed separately for each sampling stratum 
 and assigned to all responding establishments in a stratum to 
 account for those establishments in that stratum that did not 
 respond; and (3) the inverse of the sampling ratio with which 
 the secondary sampling units (workers) were selected. A 
 detailed discussion of the different weights and estimation 
 formulas are given in appendix C. In statistical terms, the 
 survey's estimates of the population total were based on a 
 Horvitz-Thompson estimator (7). 4 
 
 No adjustment was made for partial nonresponse. That 
 is, the characteristics that were left blank by the respondents 
 were coded as unspecified and were, naturally, weighted by 
 their appropriate final weight in computing the population 
 estimates. The percentage unspecified for a particular charac- 
 teristic gives the user an indication of the completeness of the 
 schedules. 
 
 GROUPING OF CHARACTERISTICS 
 
 The original data base has detailed data for the charac- 
 teristics mentioned below. For purposes of publication, the 
 detailed data were combined into groups. Please contact the 
 authors to obtain detailed data or a different grouping of the 
 data for any or all of the characteristics. 
 
 Job Title and Principal Equipment Operated 
 
 Since the original data base has about 100 codes for each 
 of these two categories (see appendixes A and B), the entries 
 were combined into 20 to 25 groups. Similarities of the job title 
 or principal equipment operated, and number of workers in 
 each entry were two of the main criteria used in forming the 
 groups. 
 
 Employment Size Class 
 
 The classes used for this characteristic are the standard 
 size class definition used by MSHA. Because there were less 
 than three mines for the size class having 1,000 or more 
 employees, the estimates for this class were computed sepa- 
 rately and then were combined with the estimates for employ- 
 ment size class 500 through 999 in order to protect the 
 confidentiality of the mines as well as the workers. The 
 combined size class is labeled as 500 + . 
 
 Present Job, Present Company, and Total Mining 
 Experience 
 
 The data for all three of these characteristics were coded 
 only as the number of years. It was felt that data were not 
 reliable enough to be accurate to the month. The groupings 
 were formed to be as compatible as possible to the groupings 
 used by MSHA for its injury statistics. 
 
 4 Italic numbers in parentheses refer to items in the list of references preceding 
 the appendixes at the end of this report. 
 
 Job-Related Training During the Last 2 Years 
 
 The grouping for this characteristic was formed to reflect 
 the definite and logical intervals that various mine operators 
 employ and that meets the need of the mine safety personnel. 
 The most frequently reported number was 16 h for training 
 during last 2 yr; this is because MSHA requires a minimum 
 training of 8 h/yr. Also, MSHA and safety personnel are 
 interested in knowing the percent of workers who receive no 
 training. Hence, both and 16 h were categorized separately. 
 
 Age 
 
 The groupings for age were formed to be about the same 
 as what MSHA uses for their injury statistics. 
 
 RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES 
 
 As stated in reference 2: 
 
 All estimates derived from a sample survey are 
 subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Sampling 
 errors occur because observations are made on a sample, 
 not on the entire population. Estimates based on the 
 different possible samples of the same size and sample 
 design could differ. Nonsampling errors in the estimates 
 can be attributed to many sources, e.g., inability to 
 obtain information about all cases in the sample, mis- 
 takes in recording or coding the data, definitional 
 difficulties, etc. 
 Nonsampling errors occur in a census as well as in a 
 sample survey. As mentioned earlier, the completed forms 
 underwent a very comprehensive review and edit process. This 
 was primarily done to minimize the nonsampling errors. 
 
 In a probability sample the coefficients of variation 
 (CV's), which are a measure of the sampling errors in the 
 estimates, can be estimated from the survey data. CV's were 
 calculated for the basic characteristics as part of the survey 
 estimation process; the CV's as well as the corresponding 
 estimates for number of workers are given in tables E-49 
 through E-56. The CV's for other estimates can also be 
 derived if requested. The methodology used to compute the 
 estimated CV's is given below. 
 
 By definition, the CV of any sample estimate is equal to 
 the standard error of the estimate divided by the value of the 
 estimate (3). In other words, it is a measure of relative 
 variation. Because the survey data will be used by numerous 
 researchers to measure different statistics (e.g., totals, means, 
 medians, percentages) by various cross-classification catego- 
 ries, it was not feasible to use the exact formula for the 
 standard error estimates. Hence, a generalized formula that 
 approximated the exact formula and that was easy to imple- 
 ment for computing all the standard error estimates was 
 developed. It should be noted that since the survey uses a 
 complex sampling design, the usual variance, standard devia- 
 tion, and standard error estimates computed by the software 
 packages are no longer valid because they are based on simple 
 random sample design. The reliability measures for this survey 
 were computed by employing a random group variance tech- 
 nique. A brief description of it is given in appendix D and a 
 detailed discussion is given in reference 4. 
 
 The purpose of producing a reliability measure for this 
 report is to define the confidence interval or range that would 
 include the comparable complete coverage value. For example, 
 the total number of estimated truck drivers for the 1986 coal 
 industry was 7,297 (table E-2 and E-50) with a CV of 4.6 pet 
 
(table E-50). Based on this information, the standard error on 
 the total number of truck drivers is 336 (estimate X CV = 
 7,297 x 0.046) and the 95-pct confidence interval is 6,625 to 
 7,969 (7,297 ± 2 x 336). This means that with 95 pet 
 confidence it can be said that the interval 6,625 to 7,969 
 includes the total number of coal truck drivers that would have 
 been obtained from a census of the frame. 
 
 It should be noted that normally the variance (square of 
 the standard error) of a total pertaining to the combined two 
 industries would be equal to the sum of the variances for each 
 industry because the two industries were sampled indepen- 
 dently. That is, the variance for the total number of truck 
 drivers for the entire coal mining industry would be equal to 
 the sum of the variances for the truck drivers in anthracite and 
 bituminous coal mining industries. However, this methodol- 
 ogy was not employed to compute the variance estimates for 
 the combined two industries, instead, even for this estimate, 
 the random group variance technique as described in appendix 
 D was employed. This was primarily done, as mentioned 
 previously, because the survey data will be used by numerous 
 researchers to measure different statistics (other than totals) 
 such as means, medians, percentages, etc., and for these 
 statistics the variance for the combined two industries will not 
 be the simple sum of the variances for each industry. Hence, 
 for reasons of consistency and simplicity the random group 
 variance estimator was used to compute all variances and thus 
 CV estimates. 
 
 In general, the smaller the subpopulation size, the larger 
 the variability in the estimates. Additionally, the larger the 
 nonresponse, the less reliable the estimate may be. As men- 
 tioned earlier, nonresponse error is considered a nonsampling 
 error. This error occurred more frequently for estimates of 
 job-related training during the last 2 yr and total mine 
 experience than for other variables because conceptually these 
 variables are harder to report. Moreover, it is possible that the 
 training estimates might be somewhat biased because many 
 respondents filled in 16 h, the minimum number of hours 
 required by MSHA over a 2-yr period. 
 
 VALIDATION OF ESTIMATES 
 
 Once the estimates were produced, they were validated for 
 accuracy and reasonableness by several mining industry spe- 
 cialists. Additionally, the total employment for each industry 
 was compared to an independent census conducted by MSHA, 
 the results of which are reported in references 5 through 9. The 
 injury experience report tabulates the injury-illness-fatality 
 data reported to MSHA on form 7000-1 and employment data 
 reported on form 7000-2. While the data base used to compile 
 the statistics for this report contains detailed information for 
 the injured victims, it does not contain similar information for 
 the entire workforce. The breakdown of total employment is 
 available only by type of coal mined, employment size class, 
 and work location. Hence, the MIPS was conducted so that 
 MSHA injury data could be analyzed in greater detail. 
 
 The data show that the overall employment figures from 
 the two sources differed about 13 pet for coal industry, with 
 
 the MSHA figures being higher than those of the demograph- 
 ics survey. The differences in the estimates are caused in part by 
 differences in reporting, coverage period, definitions, and 
 methodology, as explained below, for data comparison by 
 employment size class and by work location. 
 
 When comparing distribution of workers by employment 
 size class, the differences between the numbers in table E-l of 
 this report and MSHA data as stated in tables 4, 4A, and 4B 
 of reference 9, are substantial. This is mainly due to the 
 differences in definitions and methodology. The MIPS classi- 
 fication is based on total employment of an establishment as it 
 existed when the respondents filled out the questionnaires. 
 MSHA collects employment on an quarterly basis and for each 
 quarter it is possible for the employment to be broken into a 
 maximum of four different work locations; hence each estab- 
 lishment may have up to 16 different employment figures. 
 
 Per MSHA methodology, the size groups are classified 
 according to the lowest numbered (primary) subunit's average 
 employment of four quarters and not on the total employment 
 of an establishment, as is the case with the MIPS. For 
 example, if an establishment's annual average employment is 
 60, but the employment for the primary subunit, say under- 
 ground, is 15, then the establishment per MSHA's methodol- 
 ogy is in size class 1 through 19, whereas according to the 
 MIPS procedure it is in size class 50 through 99. It is for this 
 reason the average employment per operation as stated in table 
 4 of reference 9 is 4.6 for size class 1-4. It should be noted that 
 the MSHA classification overestimates the employment in 
 smaller size classes. 
 
 In view of the above, the injury data as published in 
 references 5 through 9 by size class should not be analyzed 
 against the MIPS employment size class data. Instead, the 
 analyst needs to retabulate the MSHA injury data from the 
 original data tapes so that the size class definition corresponds 
 to the MIPS. 
 
 Also, a large difference existed between MIPS and MSHA 
 figures for employment distribution by work location. This is 
 primarily due to differences in reporting. The employment 
 reported to MSHA every quarter is in aggregate numbers for 
 each work location (maximum of four). Generally, this type of 
 reporting results in gross approximations in the breakdown of 
 variables like employment. For the MIPS data, the work 
 location was reported for each worker in the sample, in the 
 same manner as it is reported to MSHA on form 7000-1 for 
 each injured worker. It should be noted that the data on work 
 location for individual worker is known with more specificity 
 than for the whole population. Hence, it is appropriate to 
 analyze the survey work location data with MSHA injury 
 statistics. 
 
 Additionally, a small portion of the difference in the two 
 estimates is due to the job title category of office workers. The 
 MIPS underestimated the number of employees in this cate- 
 gory because many respondents assumed that these workers 
 very seldom incur injuries and therefore were not to be 
 reported. For the purposes of accident analysis, the office 
 workers are to be excluded because of the obvious difference in 
 the injury risk. Hence, the difference in counts of office 
 workers does not make any difference. 
 
 SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS 
 
 The findings of the survey by various cross classifications 
 are given in tables E-l through E-48; tables E-49 through 
 E-56 give reliability estimates for the basic characteristics and 
 
 a detailed discussion of their use is given in the "Reliability of 
 Estimates" section. If desired, the estimates by some other 
 classification criteria including more detailed estimates (e.g., 
 
distribution of workers by age and experience at present 
 company in the bituminous coal industry working at the 
 underground location) can be derived from the original data 
 base. The following findings are based on the data for the 
 entire 1986 coal mining workforce. 
 
 • The total estimated workforce for the anthracite coal 
 industry was approximately 2,600 while that of bitumi- 
 nous coal was 149,200 (table E-l). The data also 
 indicate that 39 pet of the anthracite coal workforce was 
 employed in establishments with 19 or less employees as 
 compared with 1 1 pet for the bituminous coal industry. 
 
 • The total estimated workforce for the coal industry was 
 approximately 151,800, of which 15 pet were employed 
 as laborers-miners-utility-service persons, another 15 
 pet as mechanics-welders-oilers-machinists, and 7 pet 
 as dozer-heavy-mobile equipment operators (table 
 E-2). Each of the remaining occupation groupings had 
 fewer than 7 pet of the employees. 
 
 • The distribution of the coal workforce was under- 
 ground mine, 46 pet; surface at underground mine, 6 
 pet; surface mine, 34 pet; plant or mill, 9 pet; and 
 office, 5 pet (table E-4). Also, the distribution for work 
 locations underground mine, surface mine, and plant 
 or mill for anthracite coal industry was vastly different 
 from that of bituminous coal. 
 
 • The median experience at the present company ranged 
 from 5 yr for truck drivers to 11 yr for longwall 
 operators and working foremen (table E-l 9). 
 
 • Mean hours of training during the last 2 yr ranged from 
 23 for scoop tractor operators to 63 for working 
 foremen (table E-21). 
 
 • Of the female employees, 46 pet had the job title 
 category of office worker, compared with 2 pet of the 
 males (table E-23). 
 
 • Median experience at present job was 5 yr for surface 
 mine and plant or mill workers compared with 3 yr for 
 underground mine workers and 4 yr for surface at 
 underground mine workers (table E-32). Surface mine 
 workers had lower median present company experience 
 and total mining experience than the workers at the 
 other three nonoffice work locations. 
 
 The following findings are based on data that exclude the job 
 title category of office worker. 
 
 • The single largest category of equipment operated was 
 handtools (powered and nonpowered) (table E-3). 
 
 • The median experience at present job, present com- 
 pany, and total mining were 4, 8, and 1 1 yr, respectively 
 (table E-5). 
 
 • Mean job-related training during the last 2 yr was about 
 21 h for anthracite workers and about 35 h for bitumi- 
 nous workers (table E-6). 
 
 • Mean age of anthracite workers was 42 yr compared 
 with 39 yr for bituminous workers (table E-7). Also, the 
 percentage of workers 50 yr and over in the anthracite 
 coal industry was much greater than in bituminous 
 coal. 
 
 • Males made up 98 pet of the coal workforce (table 
 E-8). Note that the 98-pct figure excludes the unspeci- 
 fied category. 
 
 • Whites, blacks, and Hispanics made up 94, 2, and 1 
 pet, respectively, of the workforce (table E-8). The 
 remaining 3 pet workers belonged either to another race 
 or were unspecified. 
 
 • Of those workers whose education was specified, 78 pet 
 had a high school or better education (table E-8). Note 
 that this figure is obtained by (1) summing the workers 
 in the categories high school diploma, vocational di- 
 ploma, some college, and college degree, and (2) divid- 
 ing this sum by the total number of workers minus the 
 workers in unspecified category. In this case, it is 96,650 
 divided by 124,501. 
 
 • Median experience with present company for establish- 
 ments with less than 50 employees was 5 yr compared 
 with about 9 yr for those with 50 or more employees 
 (table E-12). 
 
 • Mean job-related training during the last 2 yr was about 
 30 h for establishments with less than 250 employees, 
 compared with about 42 h for establishments with 250 
 or more employees (table E-l 3). 
 
 • Mean age was about 39 yr across all size classes (table 
 E-14). 
 
 • Those workers that operated no equipment received the 
 most training, an average of 49 h during the last 2 yr 
 (table E-27). At first this result seemed quite surprising, 
 then a close examination of the data by cross referenc- 
 ing to column "None" of table E-16 revealed that most 
 of these workers are in managerial positions. In effect, 
 it is the managers who are receiving the most training 
 (table E-21). 
 
 • Education and median experience at the present com- 
 pany were inversely related (table E-45); that is, on the 
 average, the less educated the person was, the longer he 
 or she was employed with the company. 
 
 • There were a higher percentage of employees with at 
 least a high school education under the age of 35 yr 
 than there were of age 35 yr and over (table E-46 and 
 figure 1); proportionately more females had high school 
 or higher education than males (table E-47 and figure 
 2); education by race (table E-48) is shown in figure 3. 
 
 82 pet 
 
 85 pet 85 pet 87 P ct 
 
 73 pct 
 
 73 pct 
 
 56 pct 
 
 15-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 50+ 
 
 AGE, yr 
 
 FIGURE 1 .—Percentage of coal mining 1986 workforce with at 
 least a high school diploma, by age (excluding job title category 
 of office worker, as well as workers whose education was 
 unspecified). 
 

 87 pet 
 
 77 pet 
 
 
 
 
 
 82 pet 
 
 84 pet 
 
 78 pet 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 MALE 
 
 FEMALE 
 
 WHITE 
 
 BLACK 
 
 HISPANIC 
 
 FIGURE 2.— Percentage of coal mining 1986 workforce with at 
 least a high school diploma, by sex (excluding job title category 
 of office worker, as well as workers whose education was 
 unspecified). 
 
 FIGURE 3.— Percentage of coal mining 1986 workforce with at 
 least a high school diploma, by race (excluding job title cate- 
 gory of office worker, as well as workers whose education was 
 unspecified). 
 
 APPLICATION OF DATA FOR INJURY ANALYSES 
 
 The ultimate objective of this study is to provide a basis 
 
 for- 
 
 1. Analyzing the 1986 MSHA coal injury statistics and 
 identifying those subpopulations exhibiting higher or lower 
 than average injury rates. 
 
 2. Producing some selected estimates by geographic loca- 
 tion such as regions (east, central, west), MSHA districts, or 
 States and performing injury analyses. 
 
 3. Developing an easy to use computerized data base that 
 would be available to the researchers to do their own analyses, 
 especially in the area of targeting injury prevention and 
 training efforts. 
 
 The results from these analyses, which encompass all 
 facets of mining operations, can help identify areas where 
 research efforts should be devoted to achieve the greatest safety 
 improvements, thus preventing creation of unnecessary regu- 
 lations or crash research programs that tend to waste funds. 
 
 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK 
 
 1. After the injury analyses are performed, and the 
 hazardous areas or subpopulations have been identified, it 
 would be desirable to further investigate their problems and 
 needs. This can be accomplished by conducting some special 
 surveys such as an equipment use survey, maintenance-related 
 work survey, small mines survey, etc. 
 
 2. Repeat the MIPS and perform the injury analyses 
 periodically, say every 3 to 5 yr, in order to study the changing 
 
 mining environment and its impact on mining safety and 
 productivity. When the survey is repeated, it is recommended 
 that modifications be made to the questionnaire to reflect new 
 needs. It is also recommended that the collection of total mine 
 experience and job-related training data be eliminated, since 
 these variables are conceptually very hard to measure. Also, 
 the variables experience on the job and experience with the 
 company should be measured in years only. 
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 1. Cochran, W. G. Sampling Techniques. Wiley, 3d ed., 1977, 428 
 PP. 
 
 2. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Injuries and 
 Illnesses in the United States by Industry, 1985. May 1987, 81 pp. 
 
 3. Hansen, M. H., W. N., Hurwitz, and W. G. Madow. Sample 
 Survey Methods and Theory. Wiley, v. 1, 1953, 638 pp. 
 
 4. Wolter, K. M. Introduction to Variance Estimation. Springer- 
 Verlag, 1985, 440 pp. 
 
 5. U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration. Injury Experience 
 in Metallic Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1158, 1987, 276 pp. 
 
 6. . Injury Experience in Stone Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1 160, 
 
 1987, 450 pp. 
 
 7. . Injury Experience in Sand and Gravel Mining, 1986. Inf. 
 
 Rep. 1161, 1987, 111 pp. 
 
 8. . Injury Experience in Nonmetallic Mining, 1986. Inf. 
 
 Rep. 1159, 1987, 291 pp. 
 
 9. . Injury Experience in Coal Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1157, 
 
 1987, 390 pp. 
 
APPENDIX A.— COAL MINING INDUSTRY JOB TITLE GROUPING 
 
 Description 
 
 Job title code 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 367, 378, 340 
 
 Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 601, 154, 1012, 996 
 
 Blaster 807 
 
 Continuous miner and related machine operator 35, 36, 37, 38, 43, 116 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 372 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 368, 985 
 
 Driller-auger operator 833, 834, 370, 371 
 
 Electrician-wireman-lampman 402, 602, 603, 611, 385 
 
 Front-end loader operator 382 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 375, 957 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 616, 53, 316, 10, 16, 32, 39, 45, 157, 216, 224, 
 
 386, 395, 397, 609, 624, 706, 708, 710, 874, 
 997, 1013 
 
 Longwall operator 40, 41, 44 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 general 430, 449, 481, 489, 494 
 
 maintenance 418 
 
 working 749 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 404, 604, 605, 1019, 1018, 1060, 394, 608 
 
 Mine technical support 393, 396, 414, 423, 456, 462, 464, 495, 592, 593, 
 
 594, 921, 965, 998, 1014, 1017, 1023 
 
 Office worker 497 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 374, 379, 380, 388, 392, 1022 
 
 Roof bolter-rock driller 46, 47, 1056 
 
 Scoop tractor operator-motorman 128, 269, 969, 262, 276, 373, 962 
 
 Shuttle car operator 850 
 
 Thick driver 376 
 
 Code Description 
 
 10 Jacksetter, on face underground 
 
 16 Faceman , on section underground 
 
 32 Brattice man 
 
 35 Continuous miner helper 
 
 36 Continuous miner operator 
 
 37 Cutting machine helper 
 
 38 Cutting machine operator 
 
 39 Hand loader operator 
 
 40 Headgate operator 
 
 41 Longwall helper 
 
 Longwall operator 
 43 Loading machine operator 
 
 Gathering arm loader operator 
 44 Shear operator 
 
 Longwall operator 
 
 45 Rockman 
 
 46 Pinner 
 
 Roof trimmer 
 
 Scaler operator 
 
 Truss bolter 
 
 Roof bolter 
 47 Roof bolter helper 
 
 Pinner helper 
 
 53 Utility man , underground 
 
 116 Mucking machine operator, underground 
 
 128 Scoop operator, underground 
 
 154 Belt cleaner 
 
 Code Description 
 
 157 Pumper off section, underground 
 
 216 Track workers 
 
 Trackman, underground 
 
 224 Transportation trainee, underground 
 
 262 Brakeman 
 
 269 Locomotive operator 
 
 Motorman, underground 
 276 Jeep driver 
 
 Tractor operator, underground 
 316 Service truck operator 
 
 Pumper, surface 
 
 Utility man, surface 
 
 Track gang, surface 
 
 340 Boom operator 
 
 367 Pitman 
 
 Backhoe operator 
 
 Shovel operator 
 368 Tractor operator, surface 
 
 Dozer operator 
 
 370 Auger operator 
 
 371 Auger helper 
 
 372 Boat operator 
 
 Deckhand 
 
 Barge loader 
 
 Barge attendant 
 
 Dredge operator 
 373 Car dropper 
 
Code Description 
 
 374 Sandbox operator 
 
 Crusher operator 
 
 Reagent operator 
 
 Preparation plant operator 
 
 Cleaning plant operator 
 
 Shipping 
 
 Bagger-baler 
 
 Blunger operator 
 
 Warehouseman 
 
 Bulk loader 
 
 Storekeeper 
 
 Mill operator 
 
 Car loader 
 
 375 Grader operator, surface 
 
 376 Truck driver, surface 
 
 378 Crane operator, surface 
 
 Dragline operator 
 379 Kiln operator 
 
 Calciner 
 
 Dryer operator 
 
 380 Fine coal plant operator 
 
 382 Front-end loader operator, surface 
 
 Loader operator 
 
 Highlift operator 
 
 Payloader operator 
 
 385 Lampman 
 
 386 Refuse truck driver 
 
 388 Shaker operator 
 
 Separator operator 
 
 Screen operator 
 392 Washery operator 
 
 Binman 
 
 Tipple operator 
 393 Scaleperson 
 
 Weighmaster 
 
 394 Carpenter 
 
 395 Water truck operator 
 
 396 Watchman 
 
 Security guard 
 
 397 Fireman 
 
 402 Master electrician 
 
 404 Master mechanic 
 
 414 Laboratory assistant 
 
 Technicians 
 
 Quality control 
 
 Laboratory technician 
 
 Laboratory supervisor 
 418 Maintenance supervisor 
 
 Maintenance foreman 
 423 Surveyor 
 
 Draftsman 
 430 Assistant foreman- vice president 
 
 Assistant manager 
 449 President 
 
 Owner 
 
 Mine manager 
 
 Mine foreman 
 456 Engineer 
 
 Chemist 
 
 Geologist 
 
 Metallurgist 
 
 Code Description 
 
 462 Mine examiner 
 
 Examiner 
 
 Preshift examiner 
 
 Fireboss 
 
 464 Inspector 
 
 481 Assistant supervisor-superintendent 
 
 Superintendents 
 
 Supervisors 
 
 489 Outside foreman 
 
 494 Mill foreman 
 
 Plant foreman 
 
 Plant manager 
 
 Mill manager 
 495 Safety director 
 
 Safety manager 
 
 Environmental coordinator 
 
 Safety coordinator 
 
 Safety engineer 
 497 Clerk 
 
 Office help 
 
 Accountant 
 
 Computer operator 
 
 Secretary 
 
 Timekeeper 
 
 Controller 
 
 592 Safety instructor 
 
 593 Nurse 
 
 594 Training specialist 
 
 601 Belt mover 
 
 Conveyor man 
 
 Beltman 
 
 Belt installer 
 
 Tailpiece man 
 602 Lineman 
 
 Electrician 
 
 603 Electrician helper 
 
 604 Millwright 
 
 Plumber 
 
 Boilermaker 
 
 Mechanic 
 
 Fueler 
 
 Pipe man 
 
 Repairman 
 
 Pipefitter 
 
 Boiler operator 
 
 Boiler trainee 
 
 605 Mechanic helper 
 
 608 Mason 
 
 609 Material man 
 
 Supplyman 
 
 611 Wireman 
 
 616 Roustabout 
 
 Miner 
 
 Groundman 
 
 Laborer 
 
 Parts Runner 
 624 Trainees 
 
 Apprentice 
 
 706 Rock duster 
 
 708 Ventilation man 
 
10 
 
 Code Description 
 
 710 Timberman 
 
 Propman 
 749 Leadman 
 
 Production supervisor-superintendent 
 
 Section boss 
 
 Section foreman 
 
 Labor foreman 
 
 Shift boss 
 
 Working foreman 
 
 Production foreman 
 807 Blaster 
 
 Shot firer 
 
 Powder man 
 
 Chargeman 
 
 Hole loader 
 
 833 Driller helper 
 
 834 Stoper operator 
 
 Driller 
 850 Buggy operator 
 
 Ramcar operator 
 
 Shuttle car operator 
 874 Stationery mine equipment operator 
 
 Mine equipment operator 
 921 Hoist engineer 
 
 Hoist operator 
 
 Hoistman 
 957 Scraper operator 
 
 Pan operator 
 962 Trip rider 
 
 Flagman 
 
 Car runner surface 
 
 Code Description 
 
 965 Dispatcher 
 
 Expeditor 
 
 969 Locomotive engineer 
 
 Motorman 
 
 985 Heavy equipment operator 
 
 Mobile equipment operator 
 
 996 Feeder operator 
 
 997 General or many equipment operator 
 
 998 Janitor 
 
 1012 Belt repairman 
 
 Belt vulcanizer 
 
 1013 Cleanup man 
 
 1014 Coal sampler 
 
 Coal tester 
 Sampler 
 
 1017 Rodman 
 
 1018 Greaser 
 
 Oiler 
 Lube man 
 
 1019 Welder 
 
 1022 Dump operator 
 
 Dump man 
 
 1023 Transit man 
 
 1056 Rock driller 
 
 1060 Shopman 
 
 Shop foreman 
 Bit sharpener 
 Machinist 
 
11 
 
 APPENDIX B.— COAL MINING INDUSTRY EQUIPMENT OPERATED GROUPING 
 
 Description 
 
 Equipment code 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 60, 14 
 
 Belt 13, 96 
 
 Continuous miner and related machinery 12, 16, 25, 43 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 8, 85 
 
 Explosives 47 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 24, 23 
 
 Grader-scraper 52, 57 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 28 
 
 Hoist 30 
 
 Locomotive-mine car 34, 41, 42, 56, 64, 65 
 
 Longwalls and parts 35, 36 
 
 Many equipment 97 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 95 
 
 Plant equipment 40, 7, 11, 15, 18, 22, 26, 51, 58, 69, 83 
 
 Rock dusting machine-pump 48, 55 
 
 Roof bolting machine-underground drill 54, 20, 53 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 92, 80, 91 
 
 Scoop 33 
 
 Shuttle car 61 
 
 Surface drill-auger 9, 4 
 
 Truck (haulage) 44, 45 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 67, 37, 66 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 70, 5 
 
 None 
 
 Unspecified-not elsewhere classified 99, 98, 3, 71 
 
 Code 
 
 Description 
 
 Code 
 
 Description 
 
 None 
 
 3 Helicopters 
 
 4 Auger 
 
 Auger machine 
 
 5 Lathe 
 
 7 Boats 
 
 Barges 
 
 Water transportation 
 8 Bulldozer 
 
 Dozer 
 
 Crawler tractor 
 9 Carriage-mounted drill 
 
 Jumbo drill 
 
 Churn drill 
 
 Rotary drill 
 
 Jet piercing drill 
 
 Airtrack compressor drill 
 11 Classifier 
 
 Cyclones 
 12 Continuous miner 
 
 Dosco miner 
 13 Conveyor 
 
 All types belts 
 
 Belt feeder 
 
 Mobile bridge carrier 
 14 Crane 
 
 Derrick 
 
 Cherry picker 
 
 Basket scaler 
 
 Scaling machine 
 
 Rock or dropball 
 
 Boom hoist 
 
 Gantry 
 
 15 Crusher 
 
 Breaker 
 16 Undercutter 
 
 Cutting machines 
 
 Chain cutter 
 
 18 Dredge 
 
 20 Electric drills 
 
 Hydraulic drills 
 
 Coal drills 
 22 Precipitator heavy media bath 
 
 Filters 
 
 Flotation machines 
 
 Filte- 
 
 23 Forklift 
 
 24 Loader 
 
 Front-end loader 
 
 Highlift 
 
 Payloader 
 
 Bobcat 
 25 Gathering arm loader 
 
 Coal loading machine 
 
 15BU joy 
 
 26 Grizzlies 
 
 28 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 
 
 Ram jack 
 30 Car dropper 
 
 Hydraulic jack 
 
 Hoist 
 33 S&S battery 
 
 Unitrac 
 
 Load-haul-dump 
 
 Scoop tram 
 
 Teletram car 
 
12 
 
 Code Description 
 
 34 Trammer 
 
 Lorry car 
 
 Locomotive 
 
 Rail-mounted locomotive 
 
 Tow-motor 
 35 Longwall machine 
 
 Plow shearer 
 36 Longwall shield 
 
 Jacks or chocks 
 
 Longwall subparts 
 37 Golf cart 
 
 Mancar 
 
 Inspector's friend 
 
 Jeep 
 
 Mantrip 
 
 Personnel carrier 
 
 Porta bus 
 
 Boss buggy 
 
 Rail runner 
 
 Rail rover 
 39 Grinding mills 
 
 Rod or ball mills 
 40 Milling machinery 
 
 General plant equipment 
 
 Sandboxes 
 
 Block press 
 41 Underground flatcar 
 
 Timber truck, underground 
 
 Nipper truck, underground 
 
 Mine car, underground 
 42 Boxcar, surface 
 
 Hopper car, surface 
 
 Mine car, surface 
 
 Ore-coal car, surface 
 43 Overshot loader 
 
 Mucking machine 
 
 44 Ore haulage trucks, offhighway 
 
 45 Pay loader ore haulage, onhighway 
 
 47 Driller loader 
 
 Powder buggy 
 
 Pneumatic blast agent loader 
 
 Explosives 
 
 Prill loader 
 
 Pop shooter 
 48 Pump 
 
 51 Dump bins 
 
 Raw coal storage 
 Tipple 
 
 52 Motor grader 
 
 Motor patrol 
 Road grader 
 
 53 Track drill 
 
 Jackleg 
 Airleg 
 Drifter drill 
 Stoper drill 
 Diamond drill 
 Jackhammer 
 Hydraulic drill 
 Rock drill 
 Buzzy drill 
 Jumbo drill 
 
 Code Description 
 
 54 Pinner 
 
 Scaler 
 
 Roof bolting machine 
 
 Rock bolting machine 
 
 Trussbolter 
 
 55 Rock dusting machine 
 
 56 Rump rail 
 
 Rotary dump 
 57 Scoop, surface 
 
 Self-loading scraper 
 
 Scraper loader 
 
 Pan scraper 
 
 Tractor scraper 
 58 Vibrator 
 
 Shaker 
 
 Screen 
 60 Dragline 
 
 Power shovel 
 
 Dragline bucket 
 
 Big muskie 
 
 Stripping shovel 
 
 Gradall 
 
 Backhoe 
 
 Clamshell 
 61 Buggy 
 
 Shuttle car 
 
 Ram car 
 64 Tamping machine 
 
 Railroad tie packer 
 65 Track maintenance 
 
 Track repair equipment 
 66 Elkhorn 
 
 Tractor, underground 
 
 Supply car 
 67 Service truck 
 
 Pickup truck 
 
 Water truck 
 
 Dump truck 
 
 Trash truck 
 
 Utility truck 
 
 69 Washers 
 
 70 Welding machine 
 
 Torch 
 71 Drilling rigs 
 
 Machines, not elsewhere classified 
 
 Wheelbarrows 
 
 Rock rake 
 
 Hydroseeder 
 
 Impact roller 
 
 80 Lab equipment 
 
 83 Calciners 
 
 Kilns 
 
 Furnaces 
 
 Dryers 
 85 Heavy equipment 
 
 Mobile equipment 
 91 Controls 
 
 Consoles 
 
 92 Scales 
 
 95 Miscellaneous utility equipment 
 
 96 ....._. Feeder 
 
 97 General or many equipment 
 
 98 Not elsewhere classified 
 
 99 Not specified 
 
13 
 
 APPENDIX C— ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 
 
 Establishment weight. — Suppose one out of every five 
 mine establishments in a sampling stratum (industry-mine 
 type-employment size class-status) was selected. Then, the 
 sampling ratio is 1/5, and the establishment weight (EWT) is 
 5.00, the inverse of the sampling ratio. 
 
 Nonresponse adjustment factor. — Also suppose in a given 
 sampling stratum, 80 pet of the establishments that were 
 within the scope of the survey responded. Then, the nonre- 
 sponse adjustment factor (NRAF) is 1.25 (i.e., 100/80). 
 
 Worker weight. — Additionally, there was the sampling 
 ratio with which the workers in the establishment were sam- 
 pled; the worker weight (WWT) ranged from 1 .00 to 30.00 (see 
 the first page of MIPS questionnaire in appendix F). Theoret- 
 ically, all the workers in a sampling stratum should have had 
 the same weight. Hence, there would have been no need to 
 assign weight at the worker level as the worker weight could 
 have been incorporated into the establishment weight. In 
 practice, however, this is seldom the case because for a few 
 establishments the employment level changes from what it was 
 on the sampling frame to the time of the survey data collec- 
 tion. Since all the establishments did not report in the same 
 employment size class that they were sampled in, it was 
 necessary to also assign each worker a weight. 
 
 Final weight. — For the purpose of computing the esti- 
 mates, each worker was assigned a final weight (FWT), which 
 was the product of establishment weight (EWT), nonresponse 
 adjustment factor (NRAF), and the worker weight (WWT). 
 That is, FWT = EWT X NRAF X WWT. 
 
 Estimates of number of workers. — The estimates of the 
 total number of workers were computed by (1) summing the 
 final weights over the appropriate domain, and (2) rounding 
 the sum to the nearest integer. 
 
 Example: To estimate the total number of truck drivers in 
 the anthracite coal industry: 
 
 1. Compute x = £ FWTj, 
 
 where, the domain D was the set of all records (workers) that 
 had an industry code of anthracite and occupation code of 
 truck driver. 
 
 2. Compute y = round (x). 
 
 Estimates of mean. — The estimates of mean age (training) 
 were computed by summing over the appropriate domain (1) 
 the product of age (training) and final weight, (2) the final 
 weights, and then, (3) dividing the sum of the products by the 
 sum of the weights and rounding the result to the nearest whole 
 number. It should be noted that for each domain only these 
 entries where age (training) was specified were included in the 
 computation: 
 
 Example: The mean age of the blasters in the coal 
 industry was estimated as follows. 
 
 1. Compute x = £ (Age , * FWT;). 
 
 2. Compute y = £ FWT ; , 
 
 where, domain D is the set of all records on the coal file 
 (anthracite as well as bituminous industry) that had an occu- 
 pation code of blasters with age being specified. 
 
 3. Compute z = round (x/y). 
 
 Estimates of median. — The estimates of median job, 
 company, and mining experience were derived by (1) sorting 
 the records within the domain in ascending order of the 
 experience for which the median statistic was desired, (2) 
 computing the total number of workers (NW) in the domain by 
 summing the final weights, and (3) selecting the experience 
 corresponding to the middle worker (s) in the ordering. That is, 
 if NW is an odd number, then the median experience is the 
 experience corresponding to the (NW/2 + l)th worker in the 
 ordering; if NW is an even number, then the median experience 
 is the midpoint (rounded to the nearest integer) of the experi- 
 ence corresponding to the (NW/2)th and (NW/2 + l)th 
 worker in the ordering. As with the mean estimates, the 
 median estimates also excluded those entries in the domain 
 with unspecified experience. 
 
14 
 
 APPENDIX D.— RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES: 
 RANDOM GROUP VARIANCE TECHNIQUE 
 
 The random group method of variance estimation em- 
 ployed in this study consisted of selecting eight samples using 
 the same sampling scheme for each sample as the parent 
 sample. The primary sampling units (establishments) were 
 divided into two sets. The first set consisted of noncertainty 
 (probability of selection less than 1 .00) primary sampling units 
 sorted by their original industry-mine type-employment size 
 class-status. A random integer, say j, between 1 and 8 was 
 generated. The first primary unit in the ordering was assigned 
 to the random group j , the second to the random group j + 1 , 
 and so forth in a modulo 8 fashion. Then, the secondary 
 sampling units (workers) were assigned the same random group 
 number as the primary unit to which they belonged. 
 
 The second set consisted of all secondary sampling units 
 belonging to the certainty (probability of selection equal to 
 1.00) primary sampling units. The secondary sampling units 
 were sorted by the same scheme as above, and a random 
 integer, say k, between 1 and 8 was generated. Then, the first 
 secondary unit in the ordering was assigned to the random 
 group k, the second to the random group k + 1, and so forth 
 in a modulo 8 fashion. Hence, each worker belonged to a 
 random group. For a more detailed discussion of the random 
 group technique, the reader is referred to reference 4 of the 
 main text. 
 
 The following procedure was followed in computing the 
 estimated variance (var), standard error (s), and the coefficient 
 of variation (CV) for the estimated number of workers belong- 
 ing to a particular category. 
 
 1. The domain (i.e., category) was defined. 
 
 2. A separate estimate for total number of workers, 9;, for 
 each of the eight random groups was computed. If any random 
 group was empty, then a zero was assigned to that random 
 group. 
 
 3. Total number of workers, 0, for all eight groups was 
 computed as 
 
 e = e, + e 2 + ... + e 8 . 
 
 4. The mean number of workers per group was computed 
 
 as 
 
 e = e/8. 
 
 5. The variance fore was computed as 
 
 ri (0= -I) 2 
 var (0) = 8 JJ ' • 
 
 i=l ' 
 
 6. The standard error of was computed as 
 
 s(0) = V var (e). 
 7. The CV forG was computed as 
 
 CV (9) = M£* X 100.0. 
 
 e 
 
15 
 
 APPENDIX E.— COAL MINING 1986 WORKFORCE ESTIMATES 
 
 TABLE E-1.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: employment size class, by type of coal mined 
 
 Anthracite Bituminous Total 
 
 Employment size class 1 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 1-19 1,016 39 16,999 11 18,016 12 
 
 20-49 882 34 21,495 14 22,377 15 
 
 50-99 300 12 14,473 10 14,773 10 
 
 100-249 380 15 34,248 23 34,628 23 
 
 250-499 41,935 28 41,935 28 
 
 500+ 20,009 13 20,009 13 
 
 Total 2,578 100 149,158 100 151,737 100 
 
 1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 TABLE E-2.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by type of coal mined 
 
 Anthracite 
 
 Job title grouping 1 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 188 7 
 
 Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 7 
 
 Blaster 9 
 
 Continuous miner and related machine 
 
 operator 4 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 3 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 101 4 
 
 Driller-auger operator 110 4 
 
 Electrician-wireman-lampman 50 2 
 
 Front-end loader operator 132 5 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 12 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 620 24 
 
 Longwall operator 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 187 7 
 
 Maintenance 2 
 
 Working 6 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 503 19 
 
 Mine technical support 90 4 
 
 Office worker 81 3 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 160 6 
 
 Roof bolter-rock driller 
 
 Scoop tractor operator-motorman 15 1 
 
 Shuttle car operator 
 
 Truck driver 301 12 
 
 Total 2,578 100 
 
 'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Bituminous 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 2,825 
 
 2 
 
 3,013 
 
 2 
 
 5,214 
 
 3 
 
 5,221 
 
 3 
 
 1,209 
 
 1 
 
 1,218 
 
 1 
 
 6,433 
 
 4 
 
 6,437 
 
 4 
 
 232 
 
 
 
 235 
 
 
 
 10,480 
 
 7 
 
 10,580 
 
 7 
 
 2,762 
 
 2 
 
 2,872 
 
 2 
 
 6,155 
 
 4 
 
 6,205 
 
 4 
 
 4,192 
 
 3 
 
 4,324 
 
 3 
 
 2,446 
 
 2 
 
 2,459 
 
 2 
 
 22,647 
 
 15 
 
 23,267 
 
 15 
 
 1,036 
 
 1 
 
 1,036 
 
 1 
 
 9,214 
 
 6 
 
 9,400 
 
 6 
 
 2,250 
 
 2 
 
 2,252 
 
 1 
 
 5,515 
 
 4 
 
 5,521 
 
 4 
 
 22,735 
 
 15 
 
 23,237 
 
 15 
 
 6,707 
 
 4 
 
 6,797 
 
 4 
 
 5,261 
 
 4 
 
 5,342 
 
 4 
 
 5,735 
 
 4 
 
 5,895 
 
 4 
 
 8,206 
 
 6 
 
 8,206 
 
 5 
 
 5,261 
 
 4 
 
 5,277 
 
 3 
 
 5,646 
 
 4 
 
 5,646 
 
 4 
 
 6,997 
 
 5 
 
 7,297 
 
 5 
 
 149,158 
 
 100 
 
 151,737 
 
 100 
 
16 
 
 TABLE E-3.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by type of coal mined 
 
 Anthracite 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 
 
 Workers 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 181 
 
 Belt 10 
 
 Continuous miner and related machinery 4 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 103 
 
 Explosives 9 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 167 
 
 Grader-scraper 12 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 390 
 
 Hoist 41 
 
 Locomotive-mine car 19 
 
 Longwalls and parts 
 
 Many equipment 29 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 490 
 
 Plant equipment 136 
 
 Rock dusting machine-pump 2 
 
 Roof bolting machine-underground drill 23 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 26 
 
 Scoop 
 
 Shuttle car 
 
 Surface drill-auger 92 
 
 Truck (haulage) • 310 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 6 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 225 
 
 None 207 
 
 Unspecified-not elsewhere classified 14 
 
 Total 2,498 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 pet 
 
 Bituminous 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 2,887 
 
 2 
 
 5,299 
 
 4 
 
 6,222 
 
 4 
 
 9,638 
 
 7 
 
 1,209 
 
 1 
 
 5,216 
 
 4 
 
 2,868 
 
 2 
 
 25,633 
 
 18 
 
 443 
 
 
 
 3,997 
 
 3 
 
 945 
 
 1 
 
 2,859 
 
 2 
 
 12,810 
 
 9 
 
 4,108 
 
 3 
 
 1,132 
 
 1 
 
 8,844 
 
 6 
 
 2,182 
 
 2 
 
 3,853 
 
 3 
 
 5,703 
 
 4 
 
 2,055 
 
 1 
 
 7,311 
 
 5 
 
 2,487 
 
 2 
 
 4,284 
 
 3 
 
 21,735 
 
 15 
 
 178 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 4 
 7 
 1 
 4 
 2 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 9 
 3 
 1 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 1 
 5 
 2 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 
 16 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 5 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 8 
 1 
 
 100 
 
 143,897 
 
 100 
 
 3,067 
 5,308 
 6,226 
 9,741 
 1,218 
 5,383 
 2,881 
 
 26,023 
 
 484 
 
 4,016 
 
 945 
 
 2,888 
 
 13,300 
 4,245 
 1,134 
 8,868 
 2,208 
 3,853 
 5,703 
 2,147 
 7,621 
 2,494 
 4,509 
 
 21,942 
 192 
 
 146,395 
 
 100 
 
 TABLE E-4.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: work location at mine, by type of coal mined 
 
 Work location 
 
 Anthracite 
 
 
 Bituminous 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 392 
 
 15 
 
 69,471 
 
 47 
 
 69,863 
 
 46 
 
 121 
 
 5 
 
 8,757 
 
 6 
 
 8,878 
 
 6 
 
 1,229 
 
 48 
 
 51,061 
 
 34 
 
 52,291 
 
 34 
 
 730 
 
 28 
 
 12,222 
 
 8 
 
 12,952 
 
 9 
 
 107 
 
 4 
 
 7,647 
 
 5 
 
 7,753 
 
 5 
 
 2,578 
 
 100 
 
 149,158 
 
 100 
 
 151,737 
 
 100 
 
 Underground mine 
 
 Surface at underground mine. 
 
 Surface mine 
 
 Plant or mill 
 
 Office 
 
 Total 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
TABLE E-5.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, company, and mining, by type of coal mined 
 
 17 
 
 Anthracite 
 
 Experience, yr 
 
 Workers 
 
 At present job: 
 
 0< to £1 219 
 
 1< to £2 243 
 
 2< to <3 117 
 
 3< to <5 218 
 
 5< to £10 439 
 
 10< to £20 345 
 
 20< 136 
 
 Unspecified 781 
 
 Total 2,498 
 
 Median yr.... 6 
 
 At present company: 
 
 0< to £1 311 
 
 1< to <5 725 
 
 5< to £10 488 
 
 10< to £15 630 
 
 15< to £20 177 
 
 20< to £25 93 
 
 25< to £30 28 
 
 30< 35 
 
 Unspecified 9 
 
 Total 2,498 
 
 Median yr.... 7 
 
 Total mining: 
 
 0< to <1 89 
 
 1< to £5 299 
 
 5< to <10 291 
 
 10< to £15 287 
 
 15< to £20 114 
 
 20< to £25 85 
 
 25< to <30 88 
 
 30< 66 
 
 Unspecified 1,179 
 
 Total 2,498 
 
 Median yr.... 10 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Bituminous 
 
 Total 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 9 
 
 26,01 1 
 
 18 
 
 26,230 
 
 18 
 
 10 
 
 20,877 
 
 15 
 
 21,120 
 
 14 
 
 5 
 
 13,707 
 
 10 
 
 13,824 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 21,911 
 
 15 
 
 22,129 
 
 15 
 
 18 
 
 34,212 
 
 24 
 
 34,651 
 
 24 
 
 14 
 
 14,047 
 
 10 
 
 14,392 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 1,587 
 
 1 
 
 1,723 
 
 1 
 
 31 
 
 11,545 
 
 8 
 
 12,325 
 
 8 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 143,897 
 4 
 
 143,897 
 8 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 146,395 
 
 4 
 
 146,395 
 8 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 12 
 
 10,647 
 
 7 
 
 10,958 
 
 7 
 
 29 
 
 35,467 
 
 25 
 
 36,193 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 43,556 
 
 30 
 
 44,044 
 
 30 
 
 25 
 
 33,153 
 
 23 
 
 33,783 
 
 23 
 
 7 
 
 12,129 
 
 8 
 
 12,307 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 2,525 
 
 2 
 
 2,618 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1,074 
 
 1 
 
 1,102 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2,760 
 
 2 
 
 2,795 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2,586 
 
 2 
 
 2,595 
 
 2 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 4 
 
 3,341 
 
 2 
 
 3,430 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 16,591 
 
 12 
 
 16,890 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 38,623 
 
 27 
 
 38,914 
 
 27 
 
 11 
 
 33,668 
 
 23 
 
 33,955 
 
 23 
 
 5 
 
 14,152 
 
 10 
 
 14,266 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 4,524 
 
 3 
 
 4,610 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 2,168 
 
 2 
 
 2,257 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4,335 
 
 3 
 
 4,401 
 
 3 
 
 47 
 
 26,494 
 
 18 
 
 27,673 
 
 19 
 
 100 
 
 143,897 
 
 100 
 
 146,395 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 11 
 
 NAp 
 
 11 
 
 NAp 
 
 TABLE E-6.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 training received, by type of coal mined 
 
 Job training for last Anthracite 
 
 2 y r ' h Mean Workers pet 
 
 167 7 
 
 1-8 8 104 4 
 
 9-15 12 12 
 
 16 16 963 39 
 
 17-40 35 117 5 
 
 41-80 71 114 5 
 
 81-160 125 17 1 
 
 161+ 240 6 
 
 Unspecified NAp 997 40 
 
 Total or mean 21 2,498 100 35 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Bituminous 
 
 Total 
 
 Mean 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Mean 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 
 
 4,157 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 4,324 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 6,328 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 6,432 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 2,080 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 2,092 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 46,775 
 
 33 
 
 16 
 
 47,738 
 
 33 
 
 29 
 
 31,186 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 31 ,303 
 
 21 
 
 58 
 
 14,102 
 
 10 
 
 58 
 
 14,216 
 
 10 
 
 111 
 
 5,645 
 
 4 
 
 111 
 
 5,662 
 
 4 
 
 306 
 
 2,667 
 
 2 
 
 306 
 
 2,673 
 
 2 
 
 NAp 
 
 30,956 
 
 22 
 
 NAp 
 
 31,953 
 
 22 
 
 143,897 
 
 100 
 
 35 
 
 146,395 
 
 100 
 
18 
 
 TABLE E-7.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age distribution, by type of coal mined 
 
 Anthracite 
 Age, yr 
 
 Mean Workers pet 
 
 15-20 19 30 1 
 
 21-23 22 94 4 
 
 24-26 25 130 5 
 
 27-29 28 184 7 
 
 30-34 32 378 15 
 
 35-39 37 332 13 
 
 40-49 44 471 19 
 
 50+ 58 777 31 
 
 Unspecified NAp 103 4 
 
 Total or mean 42 2,498 100 39 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 
 Bituminous 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Mean 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Mean 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 19 
 
 735 
 
 1 
 
 19 
 
 765 
 
 1 
 
 22 
 
 2,946 
 
 2 
 
 22 
 
 3,040 
 
 2 
 
 25 
 
 7,750 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 7,879 
 
 5 
 
 28 
 
 14,541 
 
 10 
 
 28 
 
 14,725 
 
 10 
 
 32 
 
 31,287 
 
 22 
 
 32 
 
 31 ,665 
 
 22 
 
 37 
 
 28,222 
 
 20 
 
 37 
 
 28,554 
 
 20 
 
 44 
 
 33,971 
 
 24 
 
 44 
 
 34,441 
 
 24 
 
 56 
 
 22,682 
 
 16 
 
 56 
 
 23,459 
 
 16 
 
 NAp 
 
 1,763 
 
 1 
 
 NAp 
 
 1,866 
 
 1 
 
 143,897 
 
 100 
 
 39 
 
 146,395 
 
 100 
 
 TABLE E-8.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 sex, race, and education, by type of coal mined 
 
 Anthracite 
 
 Workers 
 
 Sex: 
 
 Male 2,487 
 
 Female 10 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 2,498 
 
 Race: 
 
 White 2,480 
 
 Black 6 
 
 Hispanic 5 
 
 Other 5 
 
 Unspecified 1 
 
 Total 2,498 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary 61 
 
 Some high school 173 
 
 High school diploma 1,148 
 
 Vocational diploma 151 
 
 Some college 35 
 
 College degree 52 
 
 Unspecified 877 
 
 Total 2,498 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Bituminous 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 139,876 
 
 3,317 
 
 704 
 
 143,897 
 
 143,897 
 
 143,897 
 
 97 
 2 
 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 142,363 
 
 3,328 
 
 704 
 
 146,395 
 
 146,395 
 
 146,395 
 
 97 
 2 
 
 
 100 
 
 99 
 
 134,640 
 
 94 
 
 137,120 
 
 94 
 
 
 
 3,606 
 
 3 
 
 3,612 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 912 
 
 1 
 
 917 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2,927 
 
 2 
 
 2,932 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1,812 
 
 1 
 
 1,814 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 
 2 
 
 8,409 
 
 6 
 
 8,470 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 19,207 
 
 13 
 
 19,380 
 
 13 
 
 46 
 
 66,266 
 
 46 
 
 67,413 
 
 46 
 
 6 
 
 10,221 
 
 7 
 
 10,372 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 12,411 
 
 9 
 
 12,446 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 6,367 
 
 4 
 
 6,419 
 
 4 
 
 35 
 
 21,017 
 
 15 
 
 21 ,894 
 
 15 
 
 100 
 
TABLE E-9.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by employment size class 1 
 
 19 
 
 1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 
 
 Job title grouping 2 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 525 3 487 2 361 2 766 2 673 2 
 
 Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 355 2 643 3 331 2 1,281 4 1,682 4 
 
 Blaster 217 1 241 1 184 1 207 1 295 1 
 
 Continuous miner and related 
 
 machine operator 711 4 853 4 379 3 1,668 5 2,156 5 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 136 1 26 15 42 15 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 
 
 operator 1,902 11 2,265 10 1,266 9 1,888 5 1,859 4 
 
 Driller-auger operator 640 4 557 2 362 2 486 1 539 1 
 
 Electrician-wireman-lampman 381 2 773 3 806 5 1,428 4 2,057 5 
 
 Front-end loader operator 1,616 9 1,264 6 555 4 699 2 166 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 268 1 366 2 243 2 653 2 688 2 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 1,750 10 2,326 10 1,636 11 5,945 17 8,431 20 
 
 Longwall operator 231 1 486 1 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 2,109 12 2,077 9 909 6 1,629 5 1,948 5 
 
 Maintenance 80 135 1 210 1 510 1 809 2 
 
 Working 232 1 523 2 358 2 1,370 4 2,161 5 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,442 8 2,765 12 2,488 17 5,250 15 6,752 16 
 
 Mine technical support 727 4 871 4 674 5 1,715 5 1,832 4 
 
 Office worker 902 5 809 4 581 4 1,251 4 1,210 3 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 653 4 1,092 5 855 6 1,344 4 1,248 3 
 
 Roof bolter-rock driller 903 5 1,311 6 565 4 2,036 6 2,312 6 
 
 Scoop tractor operator-motorman 861 5 788 4 392 3 1,130 3 1,418 3 
 
 Shuttle car operator 307 2 687 3 483 3 1,762 5 1,865 4 
 
 Truck driver 1,299 7 1,518 7 1,118 8 1,335 4 1,333 3 
 
 Total 18,016 100 22,377 100 14,773 100 34,628 100 41,935 100 
 
 1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 2 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 500 + 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 200 1 3,013 2 
 
 928 5 5,221 3 
 
 75 1,218 1 
 
 669 
 
 3 
 
 6,437 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 235 
 
 
 
 1,400 
 
 7 
 
 10,580 
 
 7 
 
 287 
 
 1 
 
 2,872 
 
 2 
 
 760 
 
 4 
 
 6,205 
 
 4 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 4,324 
 
 3 
 
 240 
 
 1 
 
 2,459 
 
 2 
 
 3,178 
 
 16 
 
 23,267 
 
 15 
 
 319 
 
 2 
 
 1,036 
 
 1 
 
 729 
 
 4 
 
 9,400 
 
 6 
 
 507 
 
 3 
 
 2,252 
 
 1 
 
 878 
 
 4 
 
 5,521 
 
 4 
 
 4,540 
 
 23 
 
 23,237 
 
 15 
 
 979 
 
 5 
 
 6,797 
 
 4 
 
 589 
 
 3 
 
 5,342 
 
 4 
 
 702 
 
 4 
 
 5,895 
 
 4 
 
 1,079 
 
 5 
 
 8,206 
 
 5 
 
 689 
 
 3 
 
 5,277 
 
 3 
 
 541 
 
 3 
 
 5,646 
 
 4 
 
 695 
 
 3 
 
 7,297 
 
 5 
 
 20,009 100 151,737 100 
 
 hence, MSHA published injury 
 
20 
 
 TABLE E-10.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by employment size class 2 
 
 1-1 9 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 3 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 593 3 494 2 358 3 682 2 691 2 
 
 Belt , 432 3 646 3 331 2 1,288 4 1,682 4 
 
 Continuous miner and related machinery 699 4 814 4 347 2 1,650 5 2,140 5 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 1,850 11 2,191 10 1,104 8 1,767 5 1,528 4 
 
 Explosives 217 1 241 1 184 1 207 1 295 1 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 1,925 11 1,343 6 639 5 810 2 492 1 
 
 Grader-scraper 316 2 383 2 281 2 746 2 915 2 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 1,820 11 3,173 15 2,734 19 5,864 18 7,943 20 
 
 Hoist 55 9 7 146 193 
 
 Locomotive-mine car 110 1 259 1 348 2 930 3 1,757 4 
 
 Longwalls and parts 286 1 417 1 
 
 Many equipment 151 1 208 1 174 1 780 2 1,206 3 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 1,057 6 1,522 7 888 6 3,366 10 4,446 11 
 
 Plant equipment 768 4 953 4 649 5 772 2 710 2 
 
 Rock dusting machine-pump 11 19 72 1 309 1 500 1 
 
 Roof bolting machine-underground drill 1,165 7 1,442 7 618 4 2,100 6 2,483 6 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 295 2 459 2 292 2 631 2 456 1 
 
 Scoop 777 5 531 2 228 2 725 2 1,051 3 
 
 Shuttle car 307 2 687 3 487 3 1,799 5 1,882 5 
 
 Surface drill-auger 413 2 418 2 352 2 436 1 353 1 
 
 Truck (haulage) 1,331 8 1,574 7 1,206 8 1,375 4 1,439 4 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 127 1 410 2 234 2 599 2 688 2 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 261 2 503 2 585 4 1,071 3 1,142 3 
 
 None 2,427 14 3,279 15 2,041 14 4,969 15 6,279 15 
 
 Unspecified-not elsewhere classified 8 12 30 70 35 
 
 Total 17,114 100 21,568 100 14,191 100 33,377 100 40,725 100 
 
 1 Excluding job title category office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 3 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 500 + 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 250 
 928 
 575 
 
 1,301 
 
 75 
 
 174 
 
 240 
 
 4,489 
 
 74 
 
 612 
 
 242 
 
 370 
 
 2,021 
 393 
 223 
 
 1,059 
 75 
 541 
 541 
 175 
 695 
 436 
 947 
 
 2,947 
 37 
 
 1 
 5 
 3 
 7 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 
 10 
 2 
 1 
 5 
 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 4 
 2 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 
 3,067 
 5,308 
 6,226 
 9,741 
 1,218 
 5,383 
 2,881 
 
 26,023 
 
 484 
 
 4,016 
 
 945 
 
 2,888 
 
 13,300 
 4,245 
 1,134 
 8,868 
 2,208 
 3,853 
 5,703 
 2,147 
 7,621 
 2,494 
 4,509 
 
 21,942 
 192 
 
 2 
 4 
 4 
 7 
 1 
 4 
 2 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 9 
 3 
 1 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 1 
 5 
 2 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 
 19,420 100 146,395 100 
 
 hence, MSHA published injury 
 
 TABLE E-11.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: work location at mine, by employment size class 1 
 
 1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500 + Total 
 
 Work location 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Underground mine 5,545 31 7,556 34 4,179 28 17,370 50 25,083 60 10,129 51 69,863 46 
 
 Surface at underground mine 907 5 1,107 5 359 2 2,145 6 2,871 7 1,489 7 8,878 6 
 
 Surface mine 7,478 42 8,755 39 7,192 49 11,091 32 10,954 26 6,820 34 52,291 34 
 
 Plant or mill 2,885 16 3,725 17 2,160 15 2,038 6 1,336 3 808 4 12,952 9 
 
 Office 1,200 7 1,233 6 883 6 1,983 6 1,691 4 763 4 7,753 5 
 
 Total 18,016 100 22,377 100 14,773 100 34,628 100 41,935 100 20,009 100 151,737 100 
 
 1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
21 
 
 TABLE E-12.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class 2 
 
 1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 
 Experience, yr 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 At present job: 
 
 0< to <1 3,799 22 3,579 17 1,626 11 5,929 18 9,063 22 2,214 11 26,230 18 
 
 1< to <2 2,137 12 2,457 11 1,609 11 5,414 16 6,371 16 3,132 16 21,120 14 
 
 2< to £3 1,787 10 2,385 11 914 6 2,720 8 4,252 10 1,766 9 13,824 9 
 
 3< to <5 2,201 13 3,611 17 2,609 18 4,712 14 6,148 15 2,848 15 22,129 15 
 
 5< to <10 3,288 19 4,120 19 3,906 28 7,447 22 9,742 24 6,148 32 34,651 24 
 
 10< to <20 1,813 11 2,087 10 1,481 10 3,499 10 4,178 10 1,334 7 14,392 10 
 
 20< 417 2 279 1 222 2 351 1 405 1 50 1,723 1 
 
 Unspecified 1,672 10 3,050 14 1,824 13 3,305 10 547 1 1,928 10 12,325 8 
 
 Total 17,114 100 21,568 100 14,191 100 33,377 100 40,725 100 19,420 100 146,395 100 
 
 Median yr.... 3 NAp 4 NAp 5 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 5 NAp 4 NAp 
 
 At present company: 
 
 0< to <1 3,173 19 3,120 14 696 5 2,197 7 1,306 3 467 2 10,958 7 
 
 1< to <5 5,619 33 9,181 43 3,530 25 7,747 23 7,389 18 2,726 14 36,193 25 
 
 5< to £10 3,630 21 4,286 20 5,283 37 9,836 29 12,685 31 8,323 43 44,044 30 
 
 10<to<15 2,036 12 2,617 12 2,444 17 8,138 24 12,750 31 5,799 30 33,783 23 
 
 15< to <20 730 4 931 4 1,063 7 3,391 10 4,932 12 1,261 6 12,307 8 
 
 20< to <25 174 1 309 1 285 2 772 2 656 2 423 2 2,618 2 
 
 25< to <30 120 1 134 1 232 2 210 1 209 1 198 1 1,102 1 
 
 30< 455 3 344 2 429 3 613 2 768 2 186 1 2,795 2 
 
 Unspecified 1,178 7 646 3 230 2 475 1 30 37 2,595 2 
 
 Total 17,114 100 21,568 100 14,191 100 33,377 100 40,725 100 19,420 100 146,395 100 
 
 Median yr... 5 NAp 5 NAp 8 NAp 9 NAp 10 NAp 9 NAp 8 NAp 
 
 Total mining: 
 
 0<tO<1 1,000 6 619 3 298 2 1,019 3 415 1 80 3,430 2 
 
 1<to<5 3,091 18 2,740 13 1,503 11 4,441 13 3,719 9 1,396 7 16,890 12 
 
 5< to £10 4,348 25 3,969 18 3,857 27 8,320 25 11,473 28 6,947 36 38,914 27 
 
 10<to<15 3,091 18 3,609 17 2,634 19 8,601 26 11,847 29 4,173 21 33,955 23 
 
 15< to <20 1,368 8 1,697 8 1,192 8 3,680 11 5,152 13 1,177 6 14,266 10 
 
 20< to <25 732 4 740 3 485 3 942 3 1,237 3 473 2 4,610 3 
 
 25< to <30 418 2 405 2 253 2 487 1 544 1 149 1 2,257 2 
 
 30< 686 4 642 3 636 4 1,077 3 1,162 3 199 1 4,401 3 
 
 Unspecified 2,380 14 7,148 33 3,333 23 4,810 14 5,175 13 4,826 25 27,673 19 
 
 Total 17,114 100 21,568 100 14,191 100 33,377 100 40,725 100 19,420 100 146,395 100 
 
 Median yr.... 9 NAp 10 NAp 10 NAp 11 NAp 11 NAp 10 NAp 11 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
22 
 
 TABLE E-13. — Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 training received, by employment size class 2 
 
 1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-49 9 500+ Total 
 
 Job training for last 2 yr, h 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 846 53862 9419483 89 1,961 10 4,324 3 
 
 1-8 1,205 7 668 3 531 4 1,601 5 1,464 4 963 5 6,432 4 
 
 9-15 418 2 368 2 254 2 115 542 1 395 2 2,092 1 
 
 16 5,383 31 6,649 31 6,703 47 13,273 40 10,739 26 4,991 26 47,738 33 
 
 17-40 3,088 18 4,089 19 2,251 16 6,959 21 12,226 30 2,689 14 31,303 21 
 
 41-80 1,219 7 1,994 9 1,294 9 3,213 10 4,946 12 1,550 8 14,216 10 
 
 81-160 792 5 325 2 363 3 929 3 2,444 6 809 4 5,662 4 
 
 161+ 98 1 176 1 134 1 679 2 879 2 707 4 2,673 2 
 
 Unspecified 4,065 24 6,913 32 2,566 18 5,660 17 7,394 18 5,355 28 31,953 22 
 
 Total 17,114 100 21,568 100 14,191 100 33,377 100 40,725 100 19,420 100 146,395 100 
 
 Mean job training h.... 30 NAp 30 NAp 29 NAp 31 NAp 40 NAp 48 NAp 35 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 TABLE E-14.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age distribution, by employment size class 2 
 
 1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500 + 
 Age, yr 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 15-20 315 2 253 1 65 82 50 
 
 21-23 796 5 780 4 264 2 639 2 506 1 
 
 24-26 1,332 8 1,586 7 954 7 1,763 5 1,454 4 
 
 27-29 1,803 11 2,305 11 1,384 10 3,280 10 4,142 10 
 
 30-34 2,960 17 4,555 21 2,792 20 6,973 21 9,557 23 
 
 35-39 2,566 15 3,903 18 2,753 19 7,064 21 8,806 22 
 
 40-49 3,563 21 4,659 22 3,380 24 7,744 23 10,267 25 
 
 50+ 2,875 17 3,371 16 2,574 18 5,276 16 5,942 15 
 
 Unspecified 905 5 156 1 24 555 2 
 
 Total 17,114 100 21,568 100 14,191 100 33,377 100 40,725 100 19,420 
 
 Mean age yr.... 38 NAp 38 NAp 39 NAp 39 NAp 39 NAp 40 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 
 
 
 
 765 
 
 1 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 3,040 
 
 2 
 
 790 
 
 4 
 
 7,879 
 
 5 
 
 1,812 
 
 9 
 
 14,725 
 
 10 
 
 4,828 
 
 25 
 
 31,665 
 
 22 
 
 3,461 
 
 18 
 
 28,554 
 
 20 
 
 4,828 
 
 25 
 
 34,441 
 
 24 
 
 3,421 
 
 18 
 
 23,459 
 
 16 
 
 225 
 
 1 
 
 1,866 
 
 1 
 
 100 146,395 100 
 NAp 39 NAp 
 
 MSMA published injury 
 
TABLE E-15.— Coai mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 sex, race, and education, by employment size class 2 
 
 23 
 
 1-19 20-^9 50-99 100-249 250-499 500 + Total 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Sex: 
 
 Male 16,906 99 21,114 98 13,989 99 32,515 97 39,479 97 18,361 95 142,363 97 
 
 Female 175 1 209 1 162 1 824 2 1,216 3 742 4 3,328 2 
 
 Unspecified 32 245 1 41 39 30 317 2 704 
 
 Total 17,114 100 21,568 100 14,191 100 33,377 100 40,725 100 19,420 100 146,395 100 
 
 Race: 
 
 White 16,855 98 20,485 95 13,843 98 31,567 95 37,879 93 16,490 85 137,120 94 
 
 Black 38 115 1 107 1 722 2 1,435 4 1,194 6 3,612 2 
 
 Hispanic 34 19 116 1 419 1 254 1 75 917 1 
 
 Other 289 1 83 1 166 1,107 3 1,287 7 2,932 2 
 
 Unspecified 187 1 660 3 41 502 2 49 374 2 1,814 1 
 
 Total 17,114 100 21,568 100 14,191 100 33,377 100 40,725 100 19,420 100 146,395 100 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary.... 1,555 9 1,641 8 963 7 1,673 5 1,910 5 727 4 8,470 6 
 
 Some high school ... 3,154 18 3,452 16 1,971 14 3,907 12 5,303 13 1,594 8 19,380 13 
 
 High school diploma 7,622 45 9,654 45 6,164 43 15,875 48 20,462 50 7,636 39 67,413 46 
 
 Vocational diploma.. 1,333 8 1,166 5 1,125 8 1,968 6 3,480 9 1,300 7 10,372 7 
 
 Some college 930 5 962 4 893 6 2,487 7 4,692 12 2,482 13 12,446 9 
 
 College degree 756 4 505 2 636 4 1,467 4 2,213 5 842 4 6,419 4 
 
 Unspecified 1,764 10 4,188 19 2,439 17 6,000 18 2,665 7 4,839 25 21,894 15 
 
 Total 17,114 100 21,568 100 14,191 100 33,377 100 40,725 100 19,420 100 146,395 100 
 
 ''Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
24 
 
 TABLE E-16.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by principal equipment operated 1 , number of workers 
 
 Job title grouping 2 
 
 Backhoe 
 crane 
 
 dragline 
 shovel 
 
 Belt 
 
 Continuous 
 miner 
 related 
 
 machinery 
 
 Dozer 
 heavy 
 mobile 
 equip- 
 ment 
 
 Explo- 
 sives 
 
 Front- 
 end 
 loader 
 forklift 
 
 Grader 
 Scraper 
 
 Hand- 
 tools 
 (power- 
 ed and 
 nonpow- 
 ered) 
 
 Loco- 
 motive 
 mine 
 car 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 
 
 Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 
 
 Blaster 
 
 Continuous miner and related machine operator 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 
 
 Driller-auger operator 
 
 Electrician-wireman-lampman 
 
 Front-end loader operator 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 
 
 Longwall operator 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 
 
 Maintenance , 
 
 Working 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 
 
 Mine technical support 
 
 Office worker 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 
 
 Roof bolter-rock driller 
 
 Scoop tractor operator-motorman 
 
 Shuttle car operator 
 
 Truck driver 
 
 Total 4,016 
 
 See explanatory notes at end of table. 
 
 Longwall 
 and 
 parts 
 
 Miscel- 
 Many laneous 
 
 equipment utility 
 
 machine 
 
 Plant Rock 
 equip- duster 
 ment pump 
 
 Roof 
 bolting 
 machine 
 under- 
 ground 
 drill 
 
 Scale 
 lab 
 equip- 
 ment 
 controls 
 
 945 
 
 2,888 
 
 13,300 4,245 1,134 
 
 8,868 
 
 Hoist 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 2,842 0000 00 
 
 Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 5,221 
 
 Blaster 1,218 
 
 Continuous miner and related machine operator 6,140 10 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 00 0000 00 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 107 9,404 365 405 
 
 Driller-auger operator 00 0000 00 
 
 Electrician-wireman-lampman 6,144 
 
 Front-end loader operator 15 4,293 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 2,459 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 67 53 64 202 275 10 1,138 108 
 
 Longwall operator 00 0000 00 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 48 22 108 125 4 13 
 
 Maintenance 00 0000 00 
 
 Working 4 40 31 8 00 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 18,725 
 
 Mine technical support 00 90 12 341 
 
 Office worker 00 0000 00 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 35 272 3 15 
 
 Roof bolter-rock driller 00 0000 00 
 
 Scoop tractor operator-motorman 00 00 10 08 
 
 Shuttle car operator 00 0000 00 
 
 Truck driver 00 0000 00 
 
 Total 3,067 5,308 6,226 9,741 1,218 5,383 2,881 26,023 484 
 
 Scoop 
 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 161 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 82 
 
 153 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 605 
 
 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,477 
 
 81 
 
 2,307 
 
 13,057 
 
 175 
 
 1,134 
 
 178 
 
 12 
 
 1,008 
 
 
 
 864 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 38 
 
 
 
 427 
 
 
 
 59 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 144 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 1,942 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 141 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,809 
 
 
 
 
 
 253 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,075 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,246 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,771 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,208 3,853 
 
25 
 
 TABLE E-16.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by principal equipment operated 1 , number of workers— Con. 
 
 Job title grouping 2 
 
 Shuttle 
 car 
 
 Surface 
 
 drill 
 
 auger 
 
 Truck 
 (haulage) 
 
 Truck 
 
 (utility) 
 
 personnel 
 
 carrier 
 
 Welding 
 
 machine 
 
 lathe 
 
 None 
 
 Unspeci- 
 fied 
 not else- 
 where 
 classi- 
 fied 
 
 Total 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 
 
 Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 
 
 Blaster 
 
 Continuous miner and related machine operator 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 14 
 
 Driller-auger operator 2,088 
 
 Electrician-wireman-lampman 
 
 Front-end loader operator 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 57 15 
 
 Longwall operator 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 30 
 
 Maintenance 
 
 Working 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 
 
 Mine technical support 
 
 Office worker 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 
 
 Roof bolter-rock driller 
 
 Scoop tractor operator-motorman 
 
 Shuttle car operator 5,646 
 
 Truck driver 
 
 Total 5,703 2,147 
 
 1 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 2 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 276 
 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7,297 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 
 1,058 
 
 
 297 
 
 206 
 
 226 
 
 29 
 
 374 
 
 64 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 241 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 26 
 4,483 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 287 
 
 
 
 179 
 
 
 
 
 599 
 
 138 
 
 8,205 
 
 2,046 
 
 4,986 
 
 
 
 4,051 
 
 5,278 
 
 1,317 
 
 132 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 7,621 
 
 2,558 
 
 4,509 
 
 27,220 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 161 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 
 
 192 
 
 3,013 
 5,221 
 1,218 
 6,437 
 235 
 
 10,580 
 2,872 
 6,205 
 4,324 
 2,459 
 
 23,267 
 1,036 
 
 9,400 
 2,252 
 5,521 
 23,237 
 6,797 
 5,342 
 5,895 
 8,206 
 5,277 
 5,646 
 7,297 
 
 151,737 
 
26 
 
 TABLE E-17.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by work location at mine, number of workers 
 
 Job title grouping 1 
 
 Underground 
 mine 
 
 Surface at 
 
 underground 
 
 mine 
 
 Surface 
 mine 
 
 Plant or 
 mill 
 
 Office 
 
 Total 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 
 
 Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 4,994 
 
 Blaster 414 
 
 Continuous miner and related machine operator 6,437 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 
 
 Driller-auger operator 605 
 
 Electrician-wireman-lampman 3,488 
 
 Front-end loader operator 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 16,233 
 
 Longwall operator 1,036 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 4,151 
 
 Maintenance 1,235 
 
 Working 3,928 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 7,068 
 
 Mine technical support 1,611 
 
 Office worker 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 77 
 
 Roof bolter-rock driller 8,191 
 
 Scoop tractor operator-motorman 4,748 
 
 Shuttle car operator 5,646 
 
 Truck driver 
 
 Total 69,863 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 41 
 
 2,936 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 3,013 
 
 110 
 
 41 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 5,221 
 
 
 
 804 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,218 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6,437 
 
 9 
 
 105 
 
 121 
 
 
 
 235 
 
 967 
 
 8,967 
 
 646 
 
 
 
 10,580 
 
 
 
 2,266 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,872 
 
 695 
 
 1,404 
 
 618 
 
 
 
 6,205 
 
 340 
 
 3,245 
 
 738 
 
 
 
 4,324 
 
 104 
 
 2,299 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 2,459 
 
 1,625 
 
 3,879 
 
 1,529 
 
 
 
 23,267 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,036 
 
 631 
 
 3,262 
 
 1,110 
 
 246 
 
 9,400 
 
 199 
 
 722 
 
 65 
 
 30 
 
 2,252 
 
 126 
 
 1,065 
 
 392 
 
 10 
 
 5,521 
 
 1,730 
 
 12,101 
 
 2,339 
 
 
 
 23,237 
 
 1,412 
 
 1,394 
 
 751 
 
 1,629 
 
 6,797 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5,342 
 
 5,342 
 
 558 
 
 1,051 
 
 3,713 
 
 497 
 
 5,895 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,206 
 
 55 
 
 142 
 
 332 
 
 
 
 5,277 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5,646 
 
 275 
 
 6,591 
 
 431 
 
 
 
 7,297 
 
 8,878 
 
 52,291 
 
 12,952 
 
 7,753 
 
 151,737 
 
TABLE E-18.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at job 
 
 27 
 
 , , . ., 1 0< 1< 2< 3< 
 Job tltle 9 rou P' n 9 to<1 to<2 to<3 to<5 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 479 244 281 482 
 
 Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 1,237 930 611 940 
 
 Blaster 309 206 112 147 
 
 Continuous miner and related machine 
 
 operator 1,370 1,039 488 947 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 41 49 15 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 
 
 operator 1,627 1,327 891 1,324 
 
 Driller-auger operator 529 327 332 496 
 
 Electrician-wireman-lampman 867 633 559 1,101 
 
 Front-end loader operator ,. 588 509 462 646 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 701 290 227 409 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 5,801 3,967 2,111 3,318 
 
 Longwall operator 318 191 166 98 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 1.289 893 893 1,429 
 
 Maintenance 371 323 216 296 
 
 Working 873 886 327 710 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 3,195 3,094 1,818 3,418 
 
 Mine technical support 1,043 1,222 1,025 1,095 
 
 Office worker 770 778 607 1,005 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 812 735 409 1,058 
 
 Roof bolter-rock driller 1,545 1,167 781 1,352 
 
 Scoop tractor operator-motorman 1,081 996 624 874 
 
 Shuttle car operator 1,214 898 624 784 
 
 Truck driver 939 1,195 853 1,204 
 
 Total 27,001 21,898 14,431 23,133 
 
 'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 5< 
 to <10 
 
 10< 
 to <20 
 
 20 < Unspecified Total 
 
 Median, 
 
 yr 
 
 579 
 
 542 
 
 173 
 
 234 
 
 3,013 
 
 5 
 
 952 
 
 258 
 
 4 
 
 290 
 
 5,221 
 
 3 
 
 247 
 
 133 
 
 8 
 
 57 
 
 1,218 
 
 3 
 
 1,621 
 
 558 
 
 28 
 
 385 
 
 6,437 
 
 4 
 
 70 
 
 23 
 
 7 
 
 30 
 
 235 
 
 3 
 
 2,891 
 
 1,083 
 
 128 
 
 1,309 
 
 10,580 
 
 5 
 
 673 
 
 241 
 
 9 
 
 265 
 
 2,872 
 
 4 
 
 1,636 
 
 912 
 
 71 
 
 426 
 
 6,205 
 
 5 
 
 957 
 
 601 
 
 91 
 
 471 
 
 4,324 
 
 5 
 
 530 
 
 205 
 
 
 
 98 
 
 2,459 
 
 3 
 
 3,951 
 
 1,746 
 
 173 
 
 2,198 
 
 23,267 
 
 3 
 
 229 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,036 
 
 3 
 
 2,341 
 
 1,358 
 
 278 
 
 919 
 
 9,400 
 
 5 
 
 659 
 
 245 
 
 23 
 
 120 
 
 2,252 
 
 5 
 
 1,626 
 
 728 
 
 80 
 
 291 
 
 5,521 
 
 5 
 
 6,729 
 
 2,940 
 
 306 
 
 1,737 
 
 23,237 
 
 5 
 
 1,393 
 
 422 
 
 47 
 
 552 
 
 6,797 
 
 3 
 
 1,255 
 
 405 
 
 92 
 
 430 
 
 5,342 
 
 4 
 
 1,670 
 
 574 
 
 89 
 
 548 
 
 5,895 
 
 5 
 
 1,944 
 
 739 
 
 36 
 
 643 
 
 8,206 
 
 4 
 
 873 
 
 269 
 
 18 
 
 541 
 
 5,277 
 
 3 
 
 1,368 
 
 313 
 
 9 
 
 436 
 
 5,646 
 
 3 
 
 1,712 
 
 470 
 
 148 
 
 777 
 
 7,297 
 
 4 
 
 35,906 14,797 1,815 
 
 12,756 
 
 151,737 
 
28 
 
 TABLE E-19. — Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at company 
 
 , . .... . , 0< 1< 5< 10< 
 
 Job tltle 9 rou P in g to =5 1 to<5 to<10 to<15 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 178 739 678 813 
 
 Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 463 1,089 1,284 1,746 
 
 Blaster 138 399 435 131 
 
 Continuous miner and related machine 
 
 operator 496 1,190 1,580 2,317 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 37 12 75 24 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 
 
 operator 627 2,719 3,929 1,598 
 
 Driller-auger operator 269 967 982 395 
 
 Electrician-wireman-lampman 349 1,219 1,977 1,445 
 
 Front-end loader operator 349 1,575 1,165 719 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 255 637 805 525 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 1,866 6,378 7,066 4,983 
 
 Longwall operator 88 311 498 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 805 2,191 2,409 2,252 
 
 Maintenance 135 416 648 650 
 
 Working 300 918 1,277 1,661 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,548 4,641 7,644 5,804 
 
 Mine technical support 581 2,352 1,909 1,165 
 
 Office worker 623 1,842 1,610 610 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 367 1,212 2,110 1,041 
 
 Roof bolter-rock driller 830 1,883 2,127 2,452 
 
 Scoop tractor operator-motorman 414 1,328 1,427 1,377 
 
 Shuttle car operator 404 1,197 1,932 1,541 
 
 Truck driver 547 3,043 2,274 647 
 
 Total 11,581 38,035 45,654 34,393 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 15< 
 to <20 
 
 20 < 
 
 25 < 
 
 to £25 to <30 
 
 30 < Unspecified Total 
 
 Median, 
 
 212 
 
 160 
 
 57 
 
 93 
 
 82 
 
 3,013 
 
 10 
 
 426 
 
 131 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 55 
 
 5,221 
 
 10 
 
 63 
 
 22 
 
 15 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 1,218 
 
 7 
 
 637 
 
 103 
 
 
 
 51 
 
 63 
 
 6,437 
 
 10 
 
 36 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 12 
 
 15 
 
 235 
 
 9 
 
 932 
 
 199 
 
 84 
 
 205 
 
 288 
 
 10,580 
 
 8 
 
 66 
 
 34 
 
 33 
 
 10 
 
 116 
 
 2,872 
 
 6 
 
 676 
 
 145 
 
 78 
 
 249 
 
 67 
 
 6,205 
 
 9 
 
 176 
 
 56 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 229 
 
 4,324 
 
 6 
 
 155 
 
 30 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 29 
 
 2,459 
 
 8 
 
 1,650 
 
 443 
 
 94 
 
 478 
 
 308 
 
 23,267 
 
 8 
 
 87 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,036 
 
 11 
 
 838 
 
 202 
 
 83 
 
 307 
 
 314 
 
 9,400 
 
 8 
 
 240 
 
 87 
 
 48 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 2,252 
 
 10 
 
 987 
 
 133 
 
 50 
 
 136 
 
 59 
 
 5,521 
 
 11 
 
 2,231 
 
 394 
 
 242 
 
 453 
 
 281 
 
 23,237 
 
 9 
 
 416 
 
 92 
 
 35 
 
 226 
 
 21 
 
 6,797 
 
 6 
 
 279 
 
 38 
 
 46 
 
 83 
 
 211 
 
 5,342 
 
 6 
 
 586 
 
 195 
 
 58 
 
 233 
 
 94 
 
 5,895 
 
 8 
 
 694 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 157 
 
 8,206 
 
 8 
 
 452 
 
 39 
 
 37 
 
 86 
 
 116 
 
 5,277 
 
 8 
 
 441 
 
 45 
 
 17 
 
 26 
 
 43 
 
 5,646 
 
 8 
 
 306 
 
 74 
 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 251 
 
 7,297 
 
 5 
 
 12,586 2,656 1,148 2,878 
 
 2,806 
 
 151,737 
 
TABLE E-20.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of mining experience 
 
 29 
 
 Job title grouping- t °<1 to<5 to^lO to^lS 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 108 338 650 654 
 
 Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 146 554 1,270 1,661 
 
 Blaster 3 177 461 184 
 
 Continuous miner and related machine 
 
 operator 119 293 1,681 2,219 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 37 24 67 6 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 
 
 operator 194 1,075 2,996 1,660 
 
 Driller-auger operator 89 440 1,014 550 
 
 Electrician-wireman-lampman 138 308 1,593 1,717 
 
 Front-end loader operator 125 675 1,142 749 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 166 425 780 441 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 677 3,543 6,276 4,957 
 
 Longwall operator 18 299 367 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 93 470 1,885 2,447 
 
 Maintenance 16 64 484 710 
 
 Working 66 316 831 1,524 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 545 2,559 6,583 5,555 
 
 Mine technical support 282 1,384 1,814 1,221 
 
 Office worker 365 1,158 1,511 697 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 176 660 1,752 971 
 
 Roof bolter-rock driller 89 767 2,287 2,598 
 
 Scoop tractor operator-motorman 76 557 1,379 1,409 
 
 Shuttle car operator 135 587 1,620 1,578 
 
 Truck driver 150 1,659 2,050 775 
 
 Total 3,795 18,048 40,425 34,652 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 15< 
 to <20 
 
 20 < 
 to <25 
 
 25 < 
 to £30 
 
 30 < Unspecified Total 
 
 Median, 
 Yr 
 
 268 
 
 216 
 
 101 
 
 190 
 
 488 
 
 3,013 
 
 12 
 
 479 
 
 76 
 
 89 
 
 136 
 
 811 
 
 5,221 
 
 11 
 
 106 
 
 58 
 
 46 
 
 8 
 
 177 
 
 1,218 
 
 10 
 
 744 
 
 145 
 
 37 
 
 142 
 
 1,055 
 
 6,437 
 
 12 
 
 44 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 18 
 
 235 
 
 9 
 
 1,150 
 
 340 
 
 150 
 
 279 
 
 2,736 
 
 10,580 
 
 10 
 
 100 
 
 46 
 
 89 
 
 10 
 
 533 
 
 2,872 
 
 8 
 
 650 
 
 191 
 
 235 
 
 350 
 
 1.021 
 
 6,205 
 
 12 
 
 426 
 
 158 
 
 51 
 
 73 
 
 923 
 
 4,324 
 
 10 
 
 213 
 
 38 
 
 18 
 
 5 
 
 373 
 
 2,459 
 
 9 
 
 1,892 
 
 627 
 
 144 
 
 560 
 
 4,589 
 
 23,267 
 
 10 
 
 61 
 
 117 
 
 17 
 
 35 
 
 122 
 
 1,036 
 
 12 
 
 1,392 
 
 681 
 
 266 
 
 557 
 
 1,611 
 
 9,400 
 
 13 
 
 409 
 
 134 
 
 69 
 
 98 
 
 268 
 
 2,252 
 
 13 
 
 829 
 
 256 
 
 123 
 
 187 
 
 1,390 
 
 5,521 
 
 13 
 
 2,271 
 
 679 
 
 321 
 
 653 
 
 4,071 
 
 23,237 
 
 10 
 
 498 
 
 83 
 
 108 
 
 308 
 
 1,100 
 
 6,797 
 
 8 
 
 229 
 
 87 
 
 55 
 
 104 
 
 1,136 
 
 5,342 
 
 7 
 
 659 
 
 217 
 
 106 
 
 322 
 
 1,033 
 
 5,895 
 
 10 
 
 757 
 
 129 
 
 55 
 
 117 
 
 1,407 
 
 8,206 
 
 11 
 
 586 
 
 127 
 
 33 
 
 160 
 
 950 
 
 5,277 
 
 11 
 
 412 
 
 136 
 
 65 
 
 53 
 
 1,060 
 
 5,646 
 
 10 
 
 320 
 
 153 
 
 113 
 
 143 
 
 1,936 
 
 7,297 
 
 7 
 
 14,495 
 
 4,697 
 
 2,312 
 
 4,505 
 
 28,808 
 
 151,737 
 
 10 
 
30 
 
 TABLE E-21.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 
 
 Job title grouping 1 1-8 9-15 16 17-40 41-80 81-160 161+ Unspecified Total Mean, h 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 185 87 31 1,301 389 
 
 Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 92 381 50 1,668 1,663 
 
 Blaster 53 337 394 
 
 Continuous miner and related machine 
 
 operator 120 370 167 2,469 1,703 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 25 112 20 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 
 
 operator 662 370 111 4,084 1,324 
 
 Driller-auger operator 105 146 27 1,063 558 
 
 Electrician-wireman-lampman 159 139 68 1,261 1,351 
 
 Front-end loader operator 107 150 71 2,038 621 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 75 113 22 1,124 442 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 609 1,257 270 8,218 5,039 
 
 Longwall operator 27 484 125 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 213 158 130 2,030 2,469 
 
 Maintenance 59 60 104 211 501 
 
 Working 97 91 191 952 1,130 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler- machinist 676 825 268 7,267 5,036 
 
 Mine technical support 459 386 77 1,763 1,158 
 
 Office worker 951 424 74 707 573 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 267 447 122 1,946 927 
 
 Roof bolter-rock driller 101 410 69 2,983 2,334 
 
 Scoop tractor operator-motorman 148 446 113 1,922 1,110 
 
 Shuttle car operator 64 234 87 1,937 1,674 
 
 Truck driver 125 257 114 2,568 1,336 
 
 Total 5,275 6,857 2,166 48,445 31,876 14,577 5,966 2,783 33,791 151,737 35 
 
 1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 278 
 
 113 
 
 141 
 
 489 
 
 3,013 
 
 40 
 
 420 
 
 130 
 
 15 
 
 801 
 
 5,221 
 
 27 
 
 180 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 225 
 
 1,218 
 
 31 
 
 245 
 
 145 
 
 32 
 
 1,187 
 
 6,437 
 
 25 
 
 31 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 235 
 
 26 
 
 634 
 
 230 
 
 68 
 
 3,097 
 
 10,580 
 
 26 
 
 192 
 
 60 
 
 28 
 
 693 
 
 2,872 
 
 27 
 
 1,353 
 
 263 
 
 214 
 
 1,397 
 
 6,205 
 
 51 
 
 293 
 
 102 
 
 12 
 
 930 
 
 4,324 
 
 26 
 
 164 
 
 81 
 
 28 
 
 410 
 
 2,459 
 
 29 
 
 1,412 
 
 1,028 
 
 327 
 
 5,107 
 
 23,267 
 
 30 
 
 104 
 
 36 
 
 35 
 
 226 
 
 1,036 
 
 39 
 
 1,353 
 
 626 
 
 263 
 
 2,158 
 
 9,400 
 
 44 
 
 521 
 
 360 
 
 76 
 
 360 
 
 2,252 
 
 59 
 
 1,068 
 
 723 
 
 364 
 
 906 
 
 5,521 
 
 63 
 
 3,200 
 
 546 
 
 489 
 
 4,931 
 
 23,237 
 
 40 
 
 841 
 
 365 
 
 122 
 
 1,627 
 
 6,797 
 
 37 
 
 361 
 
 304 
 
 110 
 
 1,838 
 
 5,342 
 
 33 
 
 421 
 
 116 
 
 242 
 
 1,406 
 
 5,895 
 
 46 
 
 554 
 
 197 
 
 34 
 
 1,525 
 
 8,206 
 
 27 
 
 179 
 
 110 
 
 27 
 
 1,221 
 
 5,277 
 
 23 
 
 302 
 
 92 
 
 25 
 
 1,231 
 
 5,646 
 
 28 
 
 474 
 
 300 
 
 133 
 
 1,991 
 
 7,297 
 
 33 
 
TABLE E-22.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of age 
 
 31 
 
 Job title grouping 1 15-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 4 30 142 162 490 440 878 
 
 Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 72 121 329 580 933 954 1,274 
 
 Blaster 78 101 156 255 188 259 
 
 Continuous miner and related machine 
 
 operator 46 334 731 1,828 1,188 1,558 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge 
 
 operator 12 24 44 3 68 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile 
 
 equipment operator 20 66 478 811 2,129 2,058 2,733 
 
 Driller-auger operator 19 104 217 424 653 470 531 
 
 Electrician-wireman-lampman 5 12 85 374 1,409 1,556 1,667 
 
 Front-end loader operator 51 130 309 430 788 749 1,117 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 22 53 149 291 577 557 495 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 273 931 1,506 3,080 5,280 4,146 4,526 
 
 Longwall operator 53 205 219 223 167 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 20 128 589 1,462 2,178 3,075 
 
 Maintenance 46 387 519 829 
 
 Working 11 7 47 242 1,111 1,531 1,850 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler- machinist 41 400 1,039 2,089 5,193 4,513 5,648 
 
 Mine technical support 71 190 502 690 1,508 1,383 995 
 
 Office worker 83 236 447 388 953 1,126 1,118 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 21 60 274 451 1,159 1,069 1,510 
 
 Roof bolter-rock driller 31 226 601 925 2,156 2,088 1,283 
 
 Scoop tractor operator-motorman 163 409 700 1,211 861 1,047 
 
 Shuttle car operator 70 141 435 766 1,626 784 1,222 
 
 Truck driver 54 249 741 959 1,247 1,097 1,708 
 
 Total 848 3,276 8,326 15,113 32,618 29,680 35,559 
 
 'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 50+ Unspecified Total Mean, yr 
 
 792 
 
 75 
 
 3,013 
 
 43 
 
 891 
 
 65 
 
 5,221 
 
 39 
 
 143 
 
 39 
 
 1,218 
 
 36 
 
 705 
 
 46 
 
 6,437 
 
 37 
 
 71 
 
 12 
 
 235 
 
 44 
 
 2,063 
 
 223 
 
 10,580 
 
 40 
 
 398 
 
 54 
 
 2,872 
 
 37 
 
 1,058 
 
 38 
 
 6,205 
 
 40 
 
 709 
 
 40 
 
 4,324 
 
 38 
 
 314 
 
 2 
 
 2,459 
 
 37 
 
 3,321 
 
 205 
 
 23,267 
 
 37 
 
 170 
 
 
 
 1,036 
 
 38 
 
 1,766 
 
 183 
 
 9,400 
 
 41 
 
 462 
 
 10 
 
 2,252 
 
 42 
 
 721 
 
 
 
 5,521 
 
 40 
 
 4,069 
 
 245 
 
 23,237 
 
 39 
 
 1,339 
 
 119 
 
 6,797 
 
 38 
 
 909 
 
 83 
 
 5,342 
 
 38 
 
 1,242 
 
 109 
 
 5,895 
 
 41 
 
 827 
 
 70 
 
 8,206 
 
 36 
 
 785 
 
 101 
 
 5,277 
 
 37 
 
 601 
 
 
 
 5,646 
 
 36 
 
 1,011 
 
 232 
 
 7,297 
 
 37 
 
 24,367 
 
 1,949 
 
 151,737 
 
 39 
 
32 
 
 TABLE E-23.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by sex 
 
 Male 
 
 Job title grouping 1 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 2,922 2 
 
 Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 4,955 3 
 
 Blaster 1,191 1 
 
 Continuous miner and related machine operator 6,364 4 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 235 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 10,408 7 
 
 Driller-auger operator 2,824 2 
 
 Electrician-wireman-lampman 6,178 4 
 
 Front-end loader operator 4,302 3 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 2,429 2 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 22,245 15 
 
 Longwall operator 1,027 1 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 9,227 6 
 
 Maintenance 2,252 2 
 
 Working 5,431 4 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 23,024 16 
 
 Mine technical support 6,168 4 
 
 Office worker 2,497 2 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 5,470 4 
 
 Roof bolter-rock driller 8,097 6 
 
 Scoop tractor operator-motorman 5,149 4 
 
 Shuttle car operator 5,522 4 
 
 Truck driver 6,941 5 
 
 Total 144,859 100 
 
 ^As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Female 
 
 
 Unspecifiec 
 
 I 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 40 
 
 1 
 
 51 
 
 7 
 
 3,013 
 
 2 
 
 228 
 
 4 
 
 37 
 
 5 
 
 5,221 
 
 3 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 1,218 
 
 1 
 
 73 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 6,437 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 235 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 149 
 
 20 
 
 10,580 
 
 7 
 
 40 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 2,872 
 
 2 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 6,205 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 4,324 
 
 3 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 2,459 
 
 2 
 
 962 
 
 16 
 
 60 
 
 8 
 
 23,267 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,036 
 
 1 
 
 102 
 
 2 
 
 72 
 
 9 
 
 9,400 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,252 
 
 1 
 
 47 
 
 1 
 
 43 
 
 6 
 
 5,521 
 
 4 
 
 113 
 
 2 
 
 101 
 
 13 
 
 23,237 
 
 15 
 
 622 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 6,797 
 
 4 
 
 2,792 
 
 46 
 
 54 
 
 7 
 
 5,342 
 
 4 
 
 367 
 
 6 
 
 58 
 
 8 
 
 5,895 
 
 4 
 
 110 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,206 
 
 5 
 
 127 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 5,277 
 
 3 
 
 123 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 5,646 
 
 4 
 
 269 
 
 4 
 
 88 
 
 12 
 
 7,297 
 
 5 
 
 6,119 
 
 100 
 
 758 
 
 100 
 
 151,737 
 
 100 
 
TABLE E-24.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by race 
 
 33 
 
 White Black 
 Job title grouping 1 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 
 
 operator 2,804 2 15 
 
 Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 4,903 3 222 6 
 
 Blaster 1,054 1 
 
 Continuous miner and related 
 
 machine operator 6,102 4 308 8 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge 
 
 operator 235 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile 
 
 equipment operator 9,731 7 183 5 
 
 Driller-auger operator 2,599 2 48 1 
 
 Electrician-wireman-lampman 5,857 4 172 5 
 
 Front-end loader operator 4,167 3 18 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 2,197 2 60 2 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 21,554 15 1,122 30 
 
 Longwall operator 1,018 1 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 9,045 6 87 2 
 
 Maintenance 2,208 2 
 
 Working 5,230 4 117 3 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 21,699 15 261 7 
 
 Mine technical support 6,375 4 133 4 
 
 Office worker 5,086 4 86 2 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 5,551 4 73 2 
 
 Roof bolter-rock driller 7,811 5 298 8 
 
 Scoop tractor operator-motorman 5,089 4 178 5 
 
 Shuttle car operator 5,410 4 228 6 
 
 Truck driver 6,483 5 90 2 
 
 Total 142,206 100 3,699 100 
 
 'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Hispanic 
 
 
 Other 
 
 
 Unspecified 
 Workers pet 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Workers | 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 85 
 
 3 
 
 86 
 
 4 
 
 3,013 
 
 2 
 
 45 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 37 
 
 2 
 
 5,221 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 3 
 
 67 
 
 4 
 
 1,218 
 
 1 
 
 17 
 
 6,437 
 
 235 
 
 52 
 
 6 
 
 273 
 
 9 
 
 342 
 
 18 
 
 10,580 
 
 7 
 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 120 
 
 4 
 
 82 
 
 4 
 
 2,872 
 
 2 
 
 39 
 
 4 
 
 129 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 6,205 
 
 4 
 
 68 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 72 
 
 4 
 
 4,324 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 166 
 
 6 
 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 2,459 
 
 2 
 
 96 
 
 10 
 
 344 
 
 12 
 
 151 
 
 8 
 
 23,267 
 
 15 
 
 18 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,036 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 83 
 
 3 
 
 172 
 
 9 
 
 9,400 
 
 6 
 
 29 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 2,252 
 
 1 
 
 59 
 
 6 
 
 73 
 
 2 
 
 43 
 
 2 
 
 5,521 
 
 4 
 
 181 
 
 19 
 
 859 
 
 29 
 
 237 
 
 12 
 
 23,237 
 
 15 
 
 33 
 
 3 
 
 167 
 
 6 
 
 90 
 
 5 
 
 6,797 
 
 4 
 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 49 
 
 2 
 
 97 
 
 5 
 
 5,342 
 
 4 
 
 59 
 
 6 
 
 109 
 
 4 
 
 103 
 
 5 
 
 5,895 
 
 4 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 
 70 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,206 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5,277 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5,646 
 
 4 
 
 101 
 
 11 
 
 336 
 
 11 
 
 288 
 
 15 
 
 7,297 
 
 5 
 
 941 
 
 100 
 
 2,981 
 
 100 1,910 100 151,737 100 
 
34 
 
 TABLE E-25.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by education 
 
 Some Some high High school Vocational Some College UnsDecified Total 
 
 Job title grouping 1 elementary school diploma diploma college degree ™ "'^ 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline shovel 
 
 operator 112 4 423 14 1,634 54 156 5 261 9 35 1 392 13 3,013 100 
 
 Beltman-belt cleaner-belt 
 
 repairman 529 10 1,020 20 2,227 43 366 7 217 4 74 1 787 15 5,221 100 
 
 Blaster 157 13 205 17 499 41 90 7 114 9 38 3 115 9 1,218 100 
 
 Continuous miner and 
 
 related machine operator 617 10 1,336 21 2,863 44 257 4 350 5 39 1 975 15 6,437 100 
 
 Deckhand-barge and 
 
 dredge operator 33 14 24 10 110 47 40 17 12 5 15 7 235 100 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile 
 
 equipment operator 525 5 1,615 15 5,118 48 460 4 553 5 162 2 2,147 20 10,580 100 
 
 Driller-auger operator 285 10 333 12 1,417 49 208 7 134 5 110 4 385 13 2,872 100 
 
 Electrician-wireman-lampman 312 5 728 12 2,250 36 967 16 705 11 191 3 1,052 17 6,205 100 
 
 Front-end loader operator 282 7 701 16 2,397 55 222 5 177 4 56 1 489 11 4,324 100 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 84 3 232 9 1,582 64 87 4 217 9 24 1 232 9 2,459 100 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 1,512 6 3,163 14 10,861 47 1,312 6 1,899 8 601 3 3,919 17 23,267 100 
 
 Longwall operator 124 12 213 21 407 39 106 10 81 8 106 10 1,036 100 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 300 3 964 10 4,108 44 601 6 1,198 13 1,181 13 1,047 11 9,400 100 
 
 Maintenance 33 1 243 11 999 44 270 12 415 18 170 8 121 5 2,252 100 
 
 Working 101 2 492 9 2,733 50 298 5 693 13 634 11 570 10 5,521 100 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 1,055 5 2,414 10 10,377 45 2,622 11 2,280 10 578 2 3,912 17 23,237 100 
 
 Mine technical support 205 3 505 7 1,941 29 482 7 1,015 15 1,937 28 712 10 6,797 100 
 
 Office worker 39 1 92 2 1,842 34 247 5 1,082 20 1,487 28 553 10 5,342 100 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 292 5 634 11 2,886 49 318 5 654 11 269 5 842 14 5,895 100 
 
 Roof bolter-rock driller 653 8 1,493 18 4,045 49 460 6 342 4 69 1 1,143 14 8,206 100 
 
 Scoop tractor operator-motorman 580 11 791 15 2,255 43 313 6 303 6 87 2 947 18 5,277 100 
 
 Shuttle car operator 431 8 879 16 2,977 53 178 3 355 6 52 1 774 14 5,646 100 
 
 Truck driver 249 3 970 13 3,726 51 557 8 470 6 111 2 1,213 17 7,297 100 
 
 Total 8,509 6 19,472 13 69,255 46 10,619 7 13,529 9 7,906 5 22,447 15 151,737 100 
 
 'As defined by MSHA: see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
35 
 
 TABLE E-26.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 tQ ^ 1 {o < 2 tQ < 3 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 453 267 291 
 
 Belt 1,290 930 611 
 
 Continuous miner and related machinery 1,324 1,012 420 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 1,516 1,296 821 
 
 Explosives 309 206 112 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 711 601 542 
 
 Grader-scraper 775 380 235 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 3,764 3,498 2,234 
 
 Hoist 24 152 35 
 
 Locomotive-mine car 594 780 408 
 
 Longwalls and parts 290 219 166 
 
 Many equipment 259 448 193 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 3,847 2,463 1,231 
 
 Plant equipment 733 555 280 
 
 Rock dusting machine-pump 300 156 112 
 
 Roof bolting machine-underground drill 1,693 1,230 820 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 361 357 212 
 
 Scoop 1,166 512 435 
 
 Shuttle car 1,223 898 659 
 
 Surface drill-auger 375 232 235 
 
 Truck (haulage) 1,033 1,220 914 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 304 399 424 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 449 461 232 
 
 None 3,406 2,830 2,192 
 
 Unspecified-not elsewhere classified 30 17 11 
 
 Total 26,230 21,120 13,824 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 3< 
 to <5 
 
 5< 
 to <10 
 
 10< 
 to <20 
 
 20 < Unspecified Total Median, yr 
 
 458 
 
 576 
 
 612 
 
 173 
 
 238 
 
 3,067 
 
 5 
 
 940 
 
 972 
 
 270 
 
 4 
 
 293 
 
 5,308 
 
 3 
 
 896 
 
 1,626 
 
 551 
 
 28 
 
 367 
 
 6,226 
 
 4 
 
 1,135 
 
 2,657 
 
 974 
 
 146 
 
 1,195 
 
 9,741 
 
 5 
 
 147 
 
 247 
 
 133 
 
 8 
 
 57 
 
 1,218 
 
 3 
 
 887 
 
 1,299 
 
 718 
 
 100 
 
 524 
 
 5,383 
 
 5 
 
 480 
 
 648 
 
 244 
 
 
 
 120 
 
 2,881 
 
 3 
 
 4,261 
 
 6,982 
 
 3,167 
 
 317 
 
 1,801 
 
 26,023 
 
 5 
 
 70 
 
 46 
 
 157 
 
 
 
 
 
 484 
 
 4 
 
 638 
 
 1,071 
 
 205 
 
 9 
 
 311 
 
 4,016 
 
 4 
 
 63 
 
 163 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 
 
 945 
 
 2 
 
 234 
 
 431 
 
 591 
 
 99 
 
 634 
 
 2,888 
 
 5 
 
 1,808 
 
 1,992 
 
 616 
 
 50 
 
 1,293 
 
 13,300 
 
 2 
 
 648 
 
 1,112 
 
 411 
 
 84 
 
 421 
 
 4,245 
 
 4 
 
 228 
 
 297 
 
 37 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 1,134 
 
 3 
 
 1,566 
 
 2,055 
 
 802 
 
 36 
 
 665 
 
 8,868 
 
 4 
 
 375 
 
 480 
 
 116 
 
 19 
 
 288 
 
 2,208 
 
 4 
 
 766 
 
 489 
 
 250 
 
 9 
 
 225 
 
 3,853 
 
 3 
 
 784 
 
 1,377 
 
 316 
 
 9 
 
 436 
 
 5,703 
 
 3 
 
 323 
 
 558 
 
 202 
 
 9 
 
 212 
 
 2,147 
 
 5 
 
 1,243 
 
 1,758 
 
 487 
 
 148 
 
 819 
 
 7,621 
 
 4 
 
 214 
 
 599 
 
 275 
 
 92 
 
 187 
 
 2,494 
 
 4 
 
 497 
 
 1,553 
 
 799 
 
 85 
 
 434 
 
 4,509 
 
 7 
 
 3,468 
 
 5,652 
 
 2,308 
 
 288 
 
 1,799 
 
 21,942 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 107 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 192 
 
 11 
 
 !2,129 
 
 34,651 
 
 14,392 
 
 1,723 
 
 12,325 
 
 146,395 
 
 4 
 
36 
 
 TABLE E-27. — Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by hours of training received in last 2 yr 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 1-8 9-15 16 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 185 87 31 1,365 
 
 Belt 92 403 50 1,700 
 
 Continuous miner and related machinery 120 339 157 2,330 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 647 379 14 3,809 
 
 Explosives 53 337 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 152 187 160 2,256 
 
 Grader-scraper 75 113 22 1,258 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 727 671 376 7,277 
 
 Hoist 4 55 236 
 
 Locomotive-mine car 96 343 119 1,570 
 
 Longwalls and parts 27 430 
 
 Many equipment 21 305 17 511 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 330 691 110 4,872 
 
 Plant equipment 165 333 89 1,511 
 
 Rock dusting machine-pump 74 45 420 
 
 Roof bolting machine-underground drill 101 483 69 3,135 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 143 103 18 839 
 
 Scoop 92 210 59 1,394 
 
 Shuttle car 64 234 87 1,940 
 
 Surface drill-auger 68 79 27 825 
 
 Truck (haulage) 125 264 132 2,676 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 149 60 69 779 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 211 333 27 1,533 
 
 None 645 629 459 4,663 
 
 Unspecified-not elsewhere classified 37 7 72 
 
 Total 4,324 6,432 2,092 47,738 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 17-40 41-80 81-160 161+ Unspecified Total Mean, h 
 
 388 
 
 270 
 
 105 
 
 72 
 
 564 
 
 3,067 
 
 33 
 
 1,698 
 
 420 
 
 130 
 
 15 
 
 801 
 
 5,308 
 
 27 
 
 1,693 
 
 254 
 
 154 
 
 32 
 
 1,147 
 
 6,226 
 
 26 
 
 1,284 
 
 573 
 
 242 
 
 68 
 
 2,725 
 
 9,741 
 
 26 
 
 394 
 
 180 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 225 
 
 1,218 
 
 31 
 
 966 
 
 328 
 
 132 
 
 77 
 
 1,126 
 
 5,383 
 
 30 
 
 456 
 
 218 
 
 81 
 
 28 
 
 629 
 
 2,881 
 
 29 
 
 6,097 
 
 4,171 
 
 804 
 
 689 
 
 5,212 
 
 26,023 
 
 44 
 
 123 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 484 
 
 22 
 
 850 
 
 154 
 
 105 
 
 61 
 
 718 
 
 4,016 
 
 27 
 
 180 
 
 104 
 
 36 
 
 35 
 
 134 
 
 945 
 
 39 
 
 410 
 
 261 
 
 124 
 
 160 
 
 1,080 
 
 2,888 
 
 43 
 
 2,783 
 
 589 
 
 669 
 
 197 
 
 3,058 
 
 13,300 
 
 31 
 
 575 
 
 318 
 
 46 
 
 131 
 
 1,077 
 
 4,245 
 
 45 
 
 290 
 
 133 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 146 
 
 1,134 
 
 27 
 
 2,622 
 
 601 
 
 250 
 
 34 
 
 1,573 
 
 8,868 
 
 27 
 
 320 
 
 141 
 
 41 
 
 8 
 
 595 
 
 2,208 
 
 24 
 
 826 
 
 252 
 
 216 
 
 27 
 
 776 
 
 3,853 
 
 30 
 
 1,718 
 
 302 
 
 92 
 
 25 
 
 1,240 
 
 5,703 
 
 28 
 
 323 
 
 199 
 
 39 
 
 28 
 
 560 
 
 2,147 
 
 29 
 
 1,378 
 
 518 
 
 307 
 
 133 
 
 2,087 
 
 7,621 
 
 33 
 
 573 
 
 241 
 
 181 
 
 25 
 
 417 
 
 2,494 
 
 35 
 
 586 
 
 433 
 
 22 
 
 14 
 
 1,349 
 
 4,509 
 
 25 
 
 4,751 
 
 3,496 
 
 1,849 
 
 801 
 
 4,650 
 
 21,942 
 
 49 
 
 18 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 192 
 
 22 
 
 31,303 14,216 5,662 2,673 
 
 31,953 
 
 146,395 
 
 35 
 
TABLE E-28.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by years of age 
 
 37 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 15-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 4 27 111 156 
 
 Belt 93 131 339 593 
 
 Continuous miner and related machinery 37 323 721 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 20 51 441 807 
 
 Explosives 78 101 156 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 62 161 368 476 
 
 Grader-scraper 22 53 179 329 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 58 446 1,107 2,227 
 
 Hoist 8 
 
 Locomotive-mine car 8 36 382 
 
 Longwalis and parts 62 205 
 
 Many equipment 53 111 334 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 154 648 1,033 1,742 
 
 Plant equipment 20 75 149 330 
 
 Rock dusting machine-pump 15 27 178 
 
 Roof bolting machine-underground drill 31 261 654 1,057 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 31 72 268 289 
 
 Scoop 9 135 430 743 
 
 Shuttle car 70 141 435 793 
 
 Surface drill-auger 19 60 179 273 
 
 Truck (haulage) 54 265 759 968 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 44 111 114 206 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 2 44 135 402 
 
 None 51 161 512 1,347 
 
 Unspecified-not elsewhere classified 20 7 13 
 
 Total 765 3,040 7,879 14,725 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 30-34 35-39 40-49 50+ Unspecified Total Mean, yr 
 
 457 
 
 479 
 
 941 
 
 819 
 
 75 
 
 3,067 
 
 43 
 
 954 
 
 967 
 
 1,274 
 
 891 
 
 65 
 
 5,308 
 
 39 
 
 1,759 
 
 1,144 
 
 1,488 
 
 710 
 
 46 
 
 6,226 
 
 37 
 
 1,885 
 
 1,938 
 
 2,402 
 
 2,001 
 
 197 
 
 9,741 
 
 40 
 
 255 
 
 188 
 
 259 
 
 143 
 
 39 
 
 1,218 
 
 36 
 
 1,040 
 
 988 
 
 1,439 
 
 790 
 
 59 
 
 5,383 
 
 38 
 
 668 
 
 625 
 
 616 
 
 380 
 
 9 
 
 2,881 
 
 37 
 
 5,753 
 
 5,463 
 
 6,271 
 
 4,433 
 
 264 
 
 26,023 
 
 39 
 
 51 
 
 71 
 
 68 
 
 277 
 
 8 
 
 484 
 
 48 
 
 778 
 
 868 
 
 854 
 
 1,060 
 
 31 
 
 4,016 
 
 41 
 
 197 
 
 206 
 
 177 
 
 98 
 
 
 
 945 
 
 36 
 
 609 
 
 491 
 
 780 
 
 511 
 
 
 
 2,888 
 
 40 
 
 3,182 
 
 2,385 
 
 2,489 
 
 1,495 
 
 172 
 
 13,300 
 
 36 
 
 800 
 
 710 
 
 1,140 
 
 911 
 
 108 
 
 4,245 
 
 41 
 
 284 
 
 231 
 
 298 
 
 100 
 
 2 
 
 1,134 
 
 37 
 
 2,281 
 
 2,194 
 
 1,417 
 
 868 
 
 105 
 
 8,868 
 
 36 
 
 491 
 
 396 
 
 304 
 
 287 
 
 70 
 
 2,208 
 
 36 
 
 994 
 
 565 
 
 625 
 
 281 
 
 70 
 
 3,853 
 
 35 
 
 1,639 
 
 793 
 
 1,231 
 
 601 
 
 
 
 5,703 
 
 36 
 
 519 
 
 334 
 
 422 
 
 322 
 
 19 
 
 2,147 
 
 37 
 
 1,316 
 
 1,147 
 
 1,794 
 
 1,083 
 
 235 
 
 7,621 
 
 37 
 
 461 
 
 425 
 
 611 
 
 503 
 
 19 
 
 2,494 
 
 40 
 
 1,052 
 
 774 
 
 1,260 
 
 821 
 
 19 
 
 4,509 
 
 40 
 
 4,221 
 
 5,171 
 
 6,270 
 
 3,956 
 
 254 
 
 21 ,942 
 
 41 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 117 
 
 
 
 192 
 
 46 
 
 31,665 28,554 34,441 23,459 
 
 1,866 
 
 146,395 
 
 39 
 
38 
 
 TABLE E-29.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by sex 
 
 Male 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 2,992 2 
 
 Belt 5,043 4 
 
 Continuous miner and related machinery 6,153 4 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 9,581 7 
 
 Explosives 1,191 1 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 5,289 4 
 
 Grader-scraper 2,843 2 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 25,718 18 
 
 Hoist 480 
 
 Locomotive-mine car 3,935 3 
 
 Longwalls and parts 936 1 
 
 Many equipment 2,739 2 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 12,665 9 
 
 Plant equipment 4,133 3 
 
 Rock dusting machine-pump 1,117 1 
 
 Root bolting machine-underground drill 8,741 6 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 1,863 1 
 
 Scoop 3,707 3 
 
 Shuttle car 5,580 4 
 
 Surface drill-auger 2,117 1 
 
 Truck (haulage) 7,256 5 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 2,399 2 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 4,501 3 
 
 None 21,191 15 
 
 Unspecified-not elsewhere classified 192 
 
 Total 142,363 100 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Female 
 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 51 
 
 7 
 
 3,067 
 
 2 
 
 228 
 
 7 
 
 37 
 
 5 
 
 5,308 
 
 4 
 
 73 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 6,226 
 
 4 
 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 141 
 
 20 
 
 9,741 
 
 7 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 1,218 
 
 1 
 
 85 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 5,383 
 
 4 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 2,881 
 
 2 
 
 205 
 
 6 
 
 101 
 
 14 
 
 26,023 
 
 18 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 484 
 
 
 
 81 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 4,016 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 945 
 
 1 
 
 141 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 2,888 
 
 2 
 
 582 
 
 17 
 
 52 
 
 7 
 
 13,300 
 
 9 
 
 79 
 
 2 
 
 33 
 
 5 
 
 4,245 
 
 3 
 
 17 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,134 
 
 1 
 
 127 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,868 
 
 6 
 
 345 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,208 
 
 2 
 
 145 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,853 
 
 3 
 
 123 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 5,703 
 
 4 
 
 22 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 2,147 
 
 1 
 
 269 
 
 8 
 
 96 
 
 14 
 
 7,621 
 
 5 
 
 92 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 2,494 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 4,509 
 
 3 
 
 607 
 
 18 
 
 144 
 
 20 
 
 21,942 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 192 
 
 
 
 3,328 
 
 100 
 
 704 
 
 100 
 
 146,395 
 
 100 
 
TABLE E-30.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by race 
 
 39 
 
 White Black 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 
 
 Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 2,866 2 
 
 Belt 4,990 4 
 
 Continuous miner and related machinery 5,928 4 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 8,907 6 
 
 Explosives 1,054 1 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 5,176 4 
 
 Grader-scraper 2,601 2 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 24,513 18 
 
 Hoist 465 
 
 Locomotive-mine car 3,697 3 
 
 Longwalls and parts 918 1 
 
 Many equipment 2,742 2 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 12,313 9 
 
 Plant equipment 4,064 3 
 
 Rock dusting machine-pump 1,076 1 
 
 Roof bolting machine-underground drill 8,455 6 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 2,009 1 
 
 Scoop 3,699 3 
 
 Shuttle car 5,467 4 
 
 Surface drill-auger 1,922 1 
 
 Truck (haulage) 6,795 5 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 2,249 2 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 4,044 3 
 
 None 20,994 15 
 
 Unspecified-not elsewhere classified 178 
 
 Total 137,120 100 3,612 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown 
 
 Hispanic 
 
 Other 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 85 
 
 3 
 
 86 
 
 5 
 
 3,067 
 
 2 
 
 222 
 
 6 
 
 45 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 37 
 
 2 
 
 5,308 
 
 4 
 
 271 
 
 8 
 
 17 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 6,226 
 
 4 
 
 166 
 
 5 
 
 52 
 
 6 
 
 267 
 
 9 
 
 350 
 
 19 
 
 9,741 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 3 
 
 67 
 
 4 
 
 1,218 
 
 1 
 
 52 
 
 1 
 
 68 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 88 
 
 5 
 
 5,383 
 
 4 
 
 76 
 
 2 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 169 
 
 6 
 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 2,881 
 
 2 
 
 477 
 
 13 
 
 199 
 
 22 
 
 613 
 
 21 
 
 222 
 
 12 
 
 26,023 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 484 
 
 
 
 282 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 37 
 
 2 
 
 4,016 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 945 
 
 1 
 
 129 
 
 4 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2,888 
 
 2 
 
 581 
 
 16 
 
 51 
 
 6 
 
 299 
 
 10 
 
 56 
 
 3 
 
 13,300 
 
 9 
 
 33 
 
 1 
 
 51 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 
 68 
 
 4 
 
 4,245 
 
 3 
 
 58 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,134 
 
 1 
 
 316 
 
 9 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 
 70 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,868 
 
 6 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 107 
 
 4 
 
 70 
 
 4 
 
 2,208 
 
 2 
 
 110 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 
 3,853 
 
 3 
 
 228 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5,703 
 
 4 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 105 
 
 4 
 
 82 
 
 5 
 
 2,147 
 
 1 
 
 90 
 
 3 
 
 101 
 
 11 
 
 339 
 
 12 
 
 295 
 
 16 
 
 7,621 
 
 5 
 
 38 
 
 1 
 
 17 
 
 2 
 
 150 
 
 5 
 
 40 
 
 2 
 
 2,494 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 3 
 
 401 
 
 14 
 
 23 
 
 1 
 
 4,509 
 
 3 
 
 394 
 
 11 
 
 123 
 
 13 
 
 187 
 
 6 
 
 244 
 
 13 
 
 21 ,942 
 
 15 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 192 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 917 
 
 100 
 
 2,932 
 
 100 
 
 1,814 
 
 100 146,395 100 
 
40 
 
 TABLE E-31.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by education 
 
 Some Some high High school Vocational Some College .. .... _. . 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 elementary school diploma diploma college degree nSpe °' ' 6 ° a 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 112 4 420 14 1,641 53 163 5 242 8 27 1 463 15 3,067 100 
 
 Belt 529 10 1,030 19 2,271 43 400 8 217 4 74 1 787 15 5,308 100 
 
 Continuous miner and related 
 
 machinery 623 10 1,238 20 2,793 45 247 4 345 6 39 1 941 15 6,226 100 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile 
 
 equipment 459 5 1,594 16 4,572 47 438 4 583 6 157 2 1,940 20 9,741 100 
 
 Explosives 157 13 205 17 499 41 90 7 114 9 38 3 115 9 1,218 100 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 323 6 828 15 2,994 56 276 5 296 5 103 2 563 10 5,383 100 
 
 Grader-scraper 104 4 265 9 1,833 64 128 4 234 8 24 1 292 10 2,881 100 
 
 Handtools (powered and 
 
 nonpowered) 1,272 5 3,064 12 11,186 43 2,856 11 2,689 10 631 2 4,324 17 26,023 100 
 
 Hoist 19 4 110 23 244 50 37 8 17 4 56 12 484 100 
 
 Locomotive-mine car 353 9 576 14 1,784 44 225 6 300 7 52 1 726 18 4,016 100 
 
 Longwalls and parts 96 10 162 17 398 42 124 13 61 6 106 11 945 100 
 
 Many equipment 49 2 250 9 1,232 43 172 6 340 12 255 9 590 20 2,888 100 
 
 Miscellaneous utility 
 
 equipment 787 6 1,700 13 6,187 47 719 5 987 7 339 3 2,581 19 13,300 100 
 
 Plant equipment 295 7 510 12 2,067 49 212 5 305 7 115 3 740 17 4,245 100 
 
 Rock dusting machine-pump 72 6 163 14 651 57 59 5 51 4 9 1 129 11 1,134 100 
 
 Roof bolting machine- 
 underground drill 850 10 1,596 18 4,290 48 520 6 327 4 118 1 1,166 13 8,868 100 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 49 2 129 6 807 37 154 7 424 19 370 17 275 12 2,208 100 
 
 Scoop 385 10 583 15 1,765 46 280 7 309 8 118 3 414 11 3,853 100 
 
 Shuttle car 434 8 897 16 3,013 53 178 3 355 6 52 1 774 14 5,703 100 
 
 Surface drill-auger 143 7 204 9 1,146 53 156 7 105 5 61 3 332 15 2,147 100 
 
 Truck (haulage) 273 4 1,032 14 3,863 51 572 8 470 6 123 2 1,287 17 7,621 100 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel 
 
 carrier 147 6 315 13 1,118 45 152 6 292 12 208 8 260 10 2,494 100 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 223 5 335 7 1,809 40 799 18 337 7 120 3 885 20 4,509 100 
 
 None 666 3 2,148 10 9,212 42 1,413 6 3,027 14 3,386 15 2,091 10 21,942 100 
 
 Unspecified-not elsewhere 
 
 classified 50 26 25 13 40 21 20 10 57 30 192 100 
 
 Total 8,470 6 19,380 13 67,413 46 10,372 7 12,446 9 6,419 4 21,894 15 146,395 100 
 
 ''Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 2 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
TABLE E-32.— Coal mining 1986 work force estimates: job, company, and mining experience, by work location 
 
 41 
 
 Surfscs sX 
 
 Underground mine . . Surface mine Plant or mill Office Total 
 
 Experience, yr underground mine 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 At present job: 
 
 0< to <1 14,627 21 1,428 16 8,153 16 1,624 13 1,170 15 27,001 18 
 
 1< to <2 11,126 16 1,600 18 6,424 12 1,668 13 1,080 14 21,898 14 
 
 2< to <3 6,648 10 719 8 5,119 10 1,129 9 816 11 14,431 10 
 
 3< to <5 10,693 15 1,377 16 7,414 14 2,171 17 1,478 19 23,133 15 
 
 5<to<10 15,380 22 1,892 21 13,488 26 3,290 25 1,855 24 35,906 24 
 
 10< to <20 5,937 8 1,097 12 5,593 11 1,624 13 545 7 14,797 10 
 
 20< 326 81 1 1,046 2 235 2 128 2 1,815 1 
 
 Unspecified 5,126 7 684 8 5,053 10 1,211 9 682 9 12,756 8 
 
 Total 69,863 100 8,878 100 52,291 100 12,952 100 7,753 100 151,737 100 
 
 Median yr.... 3 NAp 4 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 
 
 At present company: 
 
 0< to <1 5,259 8 696 8 3,836 7 869 7 920 12 11,581 8 
 
 1< to <5 15,386 22 1,717 19 15,063 29 3,174 25 2,695 35 38,035 25 
 
 5< to <10 19,330 28 2,075 23 17,750 34 4,043 31 2,457 32 45,654 30 
 
 10< to <15 20,513 29 1,988 22 8,763 17 2,265 17 864 11 34,393 23 
 
 15< to <20 6,596 9 1,558 18 2,820 5 1,292 10 318 4 12,586 8 
 
 20< to <25 999 1 154 2 1,070 2 393 3 39 1 2,656 2 
 
 25< to <30 257 67 1 622 1 124 1 78 1 1,148 1 
 
 30< 778 1 569 6 808 2 616 5 108 1 2,878 2 
 
 Unspecified 746 1 53 1 1,559 3 175 1 274 4 2,806 2 
 
 Total 69,863 100 8,878 100 52,291 100 12,952 100 7,753 100 151,737 100 
 
 Median yr.... 9 NAp 10 NAp 7 NAp 8 NAp 6 NAp 8 NAp 
 
 Total mining: 
 
 0< to s1 912 1 366 4 1,583 3 442 3 493 6 3,795 3 
 
 1< to <5 6,055 9 989 11 7,841 15 1,527 12 1,637 21 18,048 12 
 
 5< to <10 17,319 25 1,544 17 15,826 30 3,426 26 2,309 30 40,425 27 
 
 10<to<15 20,933 30 1,716 19 8,666 17 2,320 18 1,018 13 34,652 23 
 
 15< to <20 7,674 11 1,414 16 3,517 7 1,569 12 321 4 14,495 10 
 
 20< to <25 1,978 3 345 4 1,714 3 573 4 87 1 4,697 3 
 
 25< to s30 845 1 189 2 893 2 287 2 98 1 2,312 2 
 
 30< 1,693 2 669 8 1,240 2 752 6 151 2 4,505 3 
 
 Unspecified 12,454 18 1,647 19 11,012 21 2,055 16 1,640 21 28,808 19 
 
 Total 69,863 100 8,878 100 52,291 100 12,952 100 7,753 100 151,737 100 
 
 Median yr.... 11 NAp 12 NAp 9 NAp 11 NAp 7 NAp 10 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
42 
 
 TABLE E-33. — Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: training received, by work location 
 
 ... . Surface at 
 
 Underground mine . . 
 
 Job training tor last 2 yr, h underground mine 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 1,225 2 285 3 
 
 1-8 3,206 5 463 5 
 
 9-15 998 1 194 2 
 
 16 20,728 30 2,657 30 
 
 17-40 18,781 27 2,270 26 
 
 41-80 7,180 10 997 11 
 
 81-160 3,434 5 234 3 
 
 161+ 1,170 2 36 
 
 Unspecified 13,141 19 1,743 20 
 
 Total 69,863 100 8,878 100 
 
 Mean training h.... 36 NAp 30 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Surface mine 
 
 Plant or mill 
 
 Office 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 1,997 
 
 1,826 
 
 538 
 
 18,383 
 7,919 
 4,868 
 1,567 
 1,224 
 
 13,969 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 35 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 27 
 
 520 
 
 817 
 
 314 
 
 5,388 
 
 2,086 
 
 912 
 
 321 
 
 217 
 
 2,377 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 42 
 
 16 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 18 
 
 1,248 
 545 
 123 
 
 1,290 
 821 
 620 
 409 
 136 
 
 2,561 
 
 16 
 7 
 2 
 
 17 
 
 11 
 8 
 5 
 2 
 
 33 
 
 5,275 
 
 6,857 
 
 2,166 
 
 48,445 
 
 31 ,876 
 
 14,577 
 
 5,966 
 
 2,783 
 
 33,791 
 
 52,291 
 37 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 12,952 
 32 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 7,753 
 32 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 151,737 
 35 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 32 
 
 21 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 22 
 
 100 
 NAp. 
 
 TABLE E-34.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates age distribution, by work location 
 
 ... . Surface at 
 
 Underground mine . . _. 
 
 A qe yr 3 underground mine 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 15-20 293 70 1 
 
 21-23 1,287 2 226 3 
 
 24-26 3,744 5 313 4 
 
 27-29 7,894 11 450 5 
 
 30-34 17,443 25 1,160 13 
 
 35-39 14,745 21 1,679 19 
 
 40-49 15,477 22 2,384 27 
 
 50+ 8,541 12 2,550 29 
 
 Unspecified 441 1 47 1 
 
 Total 69,863 100 8,878 100 
 
 Mean age yr.... 38 NAp 43 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Surface mine 
 
 Plant or mill 
 
 Office 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 296 
 1,209 
 3,192 
 4,947 
 
 10,119 
 9,404 
 
 12,850 
 9,223 
 1,051 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 19 
 
 18 
 
 25 
 
 18 
 
 2 
 
 54 
 
 261 
 
 462 
 
 1,228 
 
 2,378 
 
 2,229 
 
 3,337 
 
 2,761 
 
 241 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 18 
 
 17 
 
 26 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 136 
 
 294 
 
 615 
 
 595 
 
 1,518 
 
 1,624 
 
 1,510 
 
 1,293 
 
 169 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 19 
 
 17 
 
 2 
 
 848 
 
 3,276 
 
 8,326 
 
 15,113 
 
 32,618 
 
 29,680 
 
 35,559 
 
 24,367 
 
 1,949 
 
 52,291 
 39 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 12,952 
 40 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 7,753 
 38 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 151,737 
 39 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 21 
 
 20 
 
 23 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
TABLE E-35.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates sex, race, and education, by work location 
 
 43 
 
 Underground mine 
 
 Surface at 
 underground mine 
 
 Surface mine Plant or mill 
 
 Office 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Sex: 
 
 Male 
 
 Female 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Race: 
 
 White 
 
 Black 
 
 Hispanic 
 
 Other 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary 
 
 Some high school .... 
 High school dipioma 
 Vocational diploma... 
 
 Some college 
 
 College degree 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 68,399 
 
 98 
 
 8,686 
 
 98 
 
 50,834 
 
 97 
 
 12,580 
 
 97 
 
 4,359 
 
 56 
 
 144,859 
 
 95 
 
 1,464 
 
 2 
 
 155 
 
 2 
 
 919 
 
 2 
 
 242 
 
 2 
 
 3,340 
 
 43 
 
 6,119 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 37 
 
 
 
 538 
 
 1 
 
 129 
 
 1 
 
 54 
 
 1 
 
 758 
 
 
 
 69,863 
 
 100 
 
 8,878 
 
 100 
 
 52,291 
 
 100 
 
 12,952 
 
 100 
 
 7,753 
 
 100 
 
 151,737 
 
 100 
 
 66,835 
 
 96 
 
 8,696 
 
 98 
 
 47,01 1 
 
 90 
 
 12,334 
 
 95 
 
 7,330 
 
 95 
 
 142,206 
 
 94 
 
 2,588 
 
 4 
 
 100 
 
 1 
 
 713 
 
 1 
 
 175 
 
 1 
 
 122 
 
 2 
 
 3,699 
 
 2 
 
 252 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 570 
 
 1 
 
 70 
 
 1 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 941 
 
 1 
 
 88 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 2,516 
 
 5 
 
 254 
 
 2 
 
 96 
 
 1 
 
 2,981 
 
 2 
 
 99 
 
 
 
 37 
 
 
 
 1,480 
 
 3 
 
 119 
 
 1 
 
 176 
 
 2 
 
 1,910 
 
 1 
 
 69,863 
 
 100 
 
 8,878 
 
 100 
 
 52,291 
 
 100 
 
 12,952 
 
 100 
 
 7,753 
 
 100 
 
 151,737 
 
 100 
 
 4,912 
 
 7 
 
 553 
 
 6 
 
 2,090 
 
 4 
 
 872 
 
 7 
 
 81 
 
 1 
 
 8,509 
 
 6 
 
 10,406 
 
 15 
 
 1,085 
 
 12 
 
 6,136 
 
 12 
 
 1,636 
 
 13 
 
 209 
 
 3 
 
 19,472 
 
 13 
 
 32,384 
 
 46 
 
 3,685 
 
 42 
 
 24,696 
 
 47 
 
 5,968 
 
 46 
 
 2,523 
 
 33 
 
 69,255 
 
 46 
 
 4,104 
 
 6 
 
 753 
 
 8 
 
 4,451 
 
 9 
 
 915 
 
 7 
 
 396 
 
 5 
 
 10,619 
 
 7 
 
 5,410 
 
 8 
 
 789 
 
 9 
 
 4,807 
 
 9 
 
 1,073 
 
 8 
 
 1,451 
 
 19 
 
 13,529 
 
 9 
 
 2,381 
 
 3 
 
 583 
 
 7 
 
 2,107 
 
 4 
 
 511 
 
 4 
 
 2,324 
 
 30 
 
 7,906 
 
 5 
 
 10,267 
 
 15 
 
 1,431 
 
 16 
 
 8,003 
 
 15 
 
 1,977 
 
 15 
 
 770 
 
 10 
 
 22,447 
 
 15 
 
 69,863 
 
 100 
 
 8,878 
 
 100 
 
 52,291 100 12,952 
 
 100 
 
 7,753 
 
 100 151,737 100 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
44 
 
 TABLE E-36.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, 
 
 Experience at g _ 15 41 _ 8Q 
 present job, yr 
 
 0< to <1: 
 
 Workers 979 2,510 604 6,845 6,133 2,531 
 
 pet 4 10 2 26 23 10 
 
 1< to < 2: 
 
 Workers 564 2,057 335 6,836 4,604 1,858 
 
 pet 3 10 2 32 22 9 
 
 2< to <3: 
 
 Workers 197 326 194 4,891 2,820 1,524 
 
 pet 1 2 1 35 20 11 
 
 3< to <5: 
 
 Workers 627 340 398 7,711 5,207 2,367 
 
 pet 3 2 2 35 24 11 
 
 5< to <10: 
 
 Workers 1,467 603 461 13,149 7,694 4,040 
 
 pet 4 2 1 38 22 12 
 
 10< to <20: 
 
 Workers 343 364 77 5,197 3,255 1,451 
 
 pet 2 3 1 36 23 10 
 
 20<: 
 
 Workers 72 44 24 506 397 152 
 
 pet 4 3 1 29 23 9 
 
 Unspecified: 
 
 Workers 75 188 2,603 1,194 293 
 
 pet 1 2 21 10 2_ 
 
 Total: 
 
 Workers 4,324 6,432 2,092 47,738 31,303 14,216 
 
 pet 3 4 1 33 21 10 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 by hours of training received in last 2 yr 
 
 81-160 161+ Unspecified Total Mean, h 
 
 1,413 
 
 613 
 
 4,603 
 
 26,230 
 
 36 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 18 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 933 
 
 523 
 
 3,410 
 
 21,120 
 
 36 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 16 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 555 
 
 338 
 
 2,978 
 
 13,824 
 
 40 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 22 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 1,032 
 
 428 
 
 4,018 
 
 22,129 
 
 38 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 18 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 889 
 
 531 
 
 5,817 
 
 34,651 
 
 33 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 17 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 379 
 
 55 
 
 3,272 
 
 14,392 
 
 29 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 95 
 
 32 
 
 402 
 
 1,723 
 
 36 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 23 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 365 
 
 152 
 
 7,455 
 
 12,325 
 
 36 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 60 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 5,662 
 
 2,673 
 
 31,953 
 
 146,395 
 
 35 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 22 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
45 
 
 TABLE E-37.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 
 
 Experience at 152Q 2\-2Z 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 
 present job, yr 
 
 0< to <1: 
 
 Workers 444 1,031 2,265 3,311 5,817 5,090 
 
 pet 2 4 9 13 22 19 
 
 1< to <2: 
 
 Workers 179 745 1,592 2,475 5,074 4,376 
 
 pet 1 4 8 12 24 21 
 
 2< to <3: 
 
 Workers 48 358 882 1,790 3,412 2,585 
 
 pet 3 6 13 25 19 
 
 3< to s5: 
 
 Workers 5 481 1,366 2,726 5,031 4,341 
 
 pet 2 6 12 23 20 
 
 5< to <10: 
 
 Workers 81 1,041 3,119 8,302 7,238 
 
 pet 3 9 24 21 
 
 10< to <20: 
 
 Workers 233 1,847 2,865 
 
 pet 2 13 20 
 
 20<: 
 
 Workers 26 
 
 pet 2 
 
 Unspecified: 
 
 Workers 89 345 733 1,069 2,182 2,033 
 
 pet 1 3 (5 9 18 16_ 
 
 Total: 
 
 Workers 765 3,040 7,879 14,725 31,665 28,554 
 
 pet 1 2 5 10 22 20 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 experience at job, by years of age 
 
 40-49 50+ Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Mean, yr 
 
 5,531 
 
 2,562 
 
 179 
 
 26,230 
 
 36 
 
 21 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 3,997 
 
 2,624 
 
 58 
 
 21,120 
 
 37 
 
 19 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 3,151 
 
 1,557 
 
 41 
 
 13,824 
 
 37 
 
 23 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 5,072 
 
 3,033 
 
 74 
 
 22,129 
 
 38 
 
 23 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 8,806 
 
 5,933 
 
 132 
 
 34,651 
 
 40 
 
 25 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 4,798 
 
 4,516 
 
 132 
 
 14,392 
 
 45 
 
 33 
 
 31 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 376 
 
 1,316 
 
 4 
 
 1,723 
 
 56 
 
 22 
 
 76 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 2,711 
 
 1,918 
 
 1,245 
 
 12,325 
 
 39 
 
 22 
 
 16 
 
 10 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 34,441 
 
 23,459 
 
 1,866 
 
 146,395 
 
 39 
 
 24 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
46 
 
 TABLE E-38 — Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by sex 
 
 Experience at ^!f Female 
 
 present job, y r Workers pet Workers 
 
 0< to <1 25,464 13 677 
 
 1< to <2 20,426 14 642 
 
 2< to <3 13,452 9 333 
 
 3< to <5 21,440 15 607 
 
 5<tos10 33,676 24 848 
 
 10< to £20 14,321 10 25 
 
 20< 1,715 1 8 
 
 Unspecified 11,868 8 188 
 
 Total 142,363 100 3,328 
 
 Median yr.... 4 NAp 3 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 18 
 
 14 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 24 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 20 
 
 19 
 
 10 
 
 18 
 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 89 
 52 
 38 
 82 
 
 127 
 
 46 
 
 
 
 270 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 704 
 5 
 
 13 
 7 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 18 
 7 
 
 
 38 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 26,230 
 21,120 
 13,824 
 22,129 
 34,651 
 14,392 
 1,723 
 12,325 
 
 146,395 
 4 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 TABLE E-39.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by race 
 
 Experience at Wnite B| a ck Hispanic 
 
 present job, yr Workers pet Workers pet Workers 
 
 0< to <1 24,814 18 750 21 188 
 
 1<to<2 19,659 14 713 20 154 
 
 2< to <3 13,107 10 226 6 101 
 
 3< to <5 21,023 15 518 14 141 
 
 5< to <10 31,951 23 1,128 31 266 
 
 10< to <20 13.648 10 214 6 60 
 
 20< 1,665 1 8 
 
 Unspecified 11,253 8 65 2 
 
 Total 137,120 100 3,612 100 917 
 
 Median yr.... 4 NAp 4 NAp 4 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Other 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 29 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 335 
 474 
 357 
 377 
 908 
 345 
 50 
 86 
 
 11 
 16 
 12 
 13 
 31 
 12 
 2 
 3 
 
 144 
 
 121 
 
 34 
 
 70 
 
 398 
 
 124 
 
 
 
 923 
 
 8 
 7 
 2 
 4 
 
 22 
 7 
 
 
 51 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 2,932 
 5 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 1,814 
 6 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 26,230 
 21,120 
 13,824 
 22,129 
 34,651 
 14,392 
 1,723 
 12,325 
 
 146,395 
 4 
 
 18 
 
 14 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 24 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 TABLE E-40. — Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at job, by education 
 
 pet 
 
 Some Some high High school Vocational Some College i jnsnpr'f'pd Total 
 
 Experience at elementary school diploma diploma college degree 
 
 present job, yr 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers 
 
 0< to <1 1,397 16 3,601 19 12,566 19 2,357 23 2,549 20 1,326 21 2,434 11 26,230 
 
 1< to <2 760 9 2,404 12 8,906 13 1,677 16 2,076 17 725 11 4,572 21 21,120 
 
 2< to <3 882 10 1,912 10 6,409 10 936 9 1,404 11 841 13 1,440 7 13,824 
 
 3< to s5 1,328 16 3,357 17 11,087 16 1,455 14 2,128 17 1,125 18 1,648 8 22,129 
 
 5< to <10 2,175 26 4,573 24 17,866 27 2,595 25 3,002 24 1,558 24 2,881 13 34,651 
 
 10< to <20 1,444 17 2,501 13 6,904 10 1,007 10 768 6 363 6 1,405 6 14,392 
 
 20< 209 2 287 1 815 1 112 1 84 1 35 1 181 1 1,723 
 
 Unspecified 275 3 744 4 2,862 4 233 2 434 3 445 7 7,332 33 12,325 
 
 Total 8,470 100 19,380 100 67,413 100 10,372 100 12,446 100 6,419 100 21,894 100 146,395 
 
 Median yr.... 5 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 3 NAp 4 NAp 3 NAp 4_ 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE— Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 18 
 
 14 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 24 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
47 
 
 TABLE E-41.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by 
 
 Experience at Q ^_ Q g _ 15 1fi U _ AQ 41 _ 8Q 8 -|_i 60 
 present company, yr 
 
 0< to <1: 
 
 Workers 683 1,923 361 1,775 2,593 732 328 
 
 pet 6 18 3 16 24 7 3 
 
 1 < to <5: 
 
 Workers 644 1,122 576 11,350 6,772 3,853 1,934 
 
 pet 2 3 2 31 19 11 5 
 
 5< to <10: 
 
 Workers 1,694 1,573 555 15,775 9,119 4,493 1,796 
 
 pet 4 4 1 36 21 10 4 
 
 10 < to s15: 
 
 Workers 1,002 889 428 11,857 8,547 3,181 1,027 
 
 pet 3 3 1 35 25 9 3 
 
 15< to <20: 
 
 Workers 145 607 53 4,114 3,227 1,354 286 
 
 pet 1 5 33 26 11 2 
 
 20 < to <25: 
 
 Workers 52 123 73 1,114 423 224 61 
 
 pet 2 5 3 43 16 9 2 
 
 25 < to <30: 
 
 Workers 34 8 38 285 239 122 6 
 
 pet 3 1 3 26 22 11 1 
 
 30<: 
 
 Workers 55 174 9 1,205 367 256 73 
 
 pet 2 6 43 13 9 3 
 
 Unspecified: 
 
 Workers 15 12 263 16 152 
 
 pet 1 10 1 6 
 
 Total: 
 
 Workers 4,324 6,432 2,092 47,738 31,303 14,216 5,662 
 
 pet 3 4 1 33 21 10 4 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 hours of training received in last 2 yr 
 
 161+ Unspecified Total Mean, h 
 
 77 
 
 2,486 
 
 10,958 
 
 29 
 
 1 
 
 23 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 1,293 
 
 8,648 
 
 36,193 
 
 45 
 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 816 
 
 8,224 
 
 44,044 
 
 35 
 
 2 
 
 19 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 377 
 
 6,474 
 
 33,783 
 
 31 
 
 1 
 
 19 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 71 
 
 2,451 
 
 12,307 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 
 
 548 
 
 2,618 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 
 
 369 
 
 1,102 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 8 
 
 647 
 
 2,795 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 31 
 
 2,106 
 
 2,595 
 
 76 
 
 1 
 
 81 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 2,673 
 
 31 ,953 
 
 146,395 
 
 35 
 
 2 
 
 22 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
48 
 
 TABLE E-42.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by years of age 
 
 Experience at 21 _ 23 24 _ 26 27 _ 2g 
 
 present company, yr 
 
 (K to <1: 
 
 Workers 443 947 1,392 1,244 
 
 pet 4 9 13 11 
 
 1 < to <5: 
 
 Workers 302 1,933 3,973 5,255 
 
 pet 1 5 11 15 
 
 5< to <10: 
 
 Workers 85 2,362 6,861 
 
 pet 5 16 
 
 10 < to £15: 
 
 Workers 1,154 
 
 pet 3 
 
 15 < to <20: 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 20 < to <25: 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 25 < to <30: 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 30<: 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Unspecified: 
 
 Workers 20 75 151 211 
 
 pet 13 6 8 
 
 Total: 
 
 Workers 765 3,040 7,879 14,725 
 
 pet 1 2 5 10 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 30-34 35-39 40-49 50+ Unspecified Total Mean, yr 
 
 2,015 
 
 1,881 
 
 1,951 
 
 535 
 
 550 
 
 10,958 
 
 33 
 
 18 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 8,293 
 
 6,418 
 
 6,316 
 
 3,204 
 
 498 
 
 36,193 
 
 35 
 
 23 
 
 18 
 
 17 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 11,396 
 
 8,963 
 
 9,716 
 
 4,636 
 
 24 
 
 44,044 
 
 37 
 
 26 
 
 20 
 
 22 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 9,299 
 
 8,460 
 
 9,240 
 
 5,620 
 
 10 
 
 33,783 
 
 40 
 
 28 
 
 25 
 
 27 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 304 
 
 2,520 
 
 5,338 
 
 4,095 
 
 51 
 
 12,307 
 
 46 
 
 2 
 
 20 
 
 43 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 1,095 
 
 1,491 
 
 2 
 
 2,618 
 
 51 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 42 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 
 
 
 
 289 
 
 812 
 
 1 
 
 1,102 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 74 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 2,772 
 
 
 
 2,795 
 
 59 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 99 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 357 
 
 282 
 
 473 
 
 294 
 
 731 
 
 2,595 
 
 38 
 
 14 
 
 11 
 
 18 
 
 11 
 
 28 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 31,665 
 
 28,554 
 
 34,441 
 
 23,459 
 
 1,866 
 
 146,395 
 
 39 
 
 22 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 TABLE E-43. — Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by sex 
 
 Experience at Male Female 
 
 present company, yr Workers pet Workers 
 
 0< to <1 10,604 7 223 
 
 1<to<5 34,839 24 1,107 
 
 5< to <10 42,078 30 1,826 
 
 10< to £15 33,589 24 111 
 
 15< to £20 12,277 9 
 
 20 < to < 25 2,587 2 
 
 25< to £30 1,084 1 4 
 
 30< 2,783 2 4 
 
 Unspecified 2,523 2 52 
 
 Total 142,363 100 3,328 
 
 Median yr.... 8 NAp 6 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 7 
 33 
 55 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 130 
 
 247 
 
 140 
 
 83 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 15 
 
 8 
 
 20 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 704 
 5 
 
 19 
 35 
 
 20 
 12 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 
 100 
 
 NAp 
 
 10,958 
 
 36,193 
 
 44,044 
 
 33,783 
 
 12,307 
 
 2,618 
 
 1,102 
 
 2,795 
 
 2,595 
 
 146,395 
 
 7 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 23 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
TABLE E-44.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by race 
 
 49 
 
 White Black 
 Experience at present company, yr 
 
 Workers pet Workers 
 
 0< to<1 10,279 7 43 
 
 1<to<5 34,020 25 578 
 
 5< to £10 40,687 30 1,499 
 
 10< to <15 31,652 23 1,085 
 
 15< to <20 11,886 9 226 
 
 20< to <25 2,440 2 72 
 
 25< to <30 1,087 1 
 
 30<. 2,677 2 102 
 
 Unspecified 2,392 2 8 
 
 Total 137,120 100 3,612 
 
 Median yr.... 8 NAp 9 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Hispanic 
 
 Other 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 42 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 39 
 378 
 322 
 
 155 
 14 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 4 
 
 41 
 
 35 
 
 17 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 220 
 
 755 
 
 1,149 
 
 584 
 
 134 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 8 
 26 
 
 39 
 20 
 5 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 377 
 
 461 
 
 387 
 
 307 
 
 47 
 
 31 
 
 15 
 
 8 
 
 181 
 
 21 
 
 25 
 
 21 
 
 17 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 10,958 
 
 36,193 
 
 44,044 
 
 33,783 
 
 12,307 
 
 2,618 
 
 1,102 
 
 2,795 
 
 2,595 
 
 7 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 23 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 100 917 100 2,932 100 1,814 100 146,395 100 
 
 NAp 7 NAp 8 NAp 5 NAp 8 NAp 
 
 TABLE E-45.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by education 
 
 Some Some high High school Vocational Some College . . ... _ . 
 
 Experience at present elementary school diploma diploma college degree unspecified lotai 
 
 company, yr 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 0< to <1 792 9 1,769 9 4,509 7 1,176 11 778 6 516 8 1,418 6 10,958 7 
 
 1< to <5 1,501 18 4,721 24 16,153 24 2,976 29 3,675 30 2,188 34 4,979 23 36,193 25 
 
 5< to <10 1,895 22 4,871 25 21,228 31 3,279 32 5,003 40 2,325 36 5,443 25 44,044 30 
 
 10< to <15 2,165 26 4,444 23 17,112 25 2,418 23 2,242 18 1,150 18 4,252 19 33,783 23 
 
 15< to <20 1,256 15 2,158 11 5,528 8 327 3 481 4 122 2 2,436 11 12,307 8 
 
 20< to s25 313 4 376 2 1,045 2 89 1 75 1 18 703 3 2,618 2 
 
 25< to <30 121 1 120 1 456 1 58 1 25 8 314 1 1,102 1 
 
 30< 375 4 687 4 800 1 34 147 1 64 1 687 3 2,795 2 
 
 Unspecified 52 1 234 1 583 1 15 21 27 1,663 8 2,595 2 
 
 Total 8,470 100 19,380 100 67,413 100 10,372 100 12,446 100 6,419 100 21,894 100 146,395 100 
 
 Median yr... 11 NAp 9 NAp 8 NAp 7 NAp 7 NAp 6 NAp 9 NAp 8 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 TABLE E-46.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, by education 
 
 Some Some high High school Vocational 
 
 A qe yr elementary school diploma diploma 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 15-20 10 1 144 19 404 53 53 7 
 
 21-23 100 3 358 12 1,746 57 220 7 
 
 24-26 63 1 994 13 3,847 49 791 10 
 
 27-29 363 2 1,535 10 7,332 50 1,223 8 
 
 30-34 670 2 2,897 9 16,208 51 2,631 8 
 
 35-39 876 3 2,952 10 13,201 46 2,410 8 
 
 40-49 2,647 8 5,355 16 15,810 46 1,962 6 
 
 50+ 3,555 15 5,041 21 8,493 36 1,036 4 
 
 Unspecified 185 10 104 6 372 20 46 2 
 
 Total 8,470 6 19,380 13 67,413 46 10,372 7 
 
 Mean age yr... 47 NAp 41 NAp 38 NAp 36 NAp 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE —Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Some 
 college 
 
 College 
 degree 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 29 
 
 221 
 
 699 
 
 1,556 
 
 3,293 
 
 3,304 
 
 2,377 
 
 947 
 
 21 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 114 
 
 436 
 
 873 
 
 1,801 
 
 1,810 
 
 987 
 
 367 
 
 30 
 
 125 
 282 
 1,049 
 1,843 
 4,164 
 4,001 
 5,303 
 4,021 
 1,108 
 
 16 
 
 9 
 13 
 13 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 17 
 59 
 
 765 
 
 3,040 
 
 7,879 
 
 14,725 
 
 31,665 
 
 28,554 
 
 34,441 
 
 23,459 
 
 1,866 
 
 12,446 
 36 
 
 9 
 NAp 
 
 6,419 
 35 
 
 4 
 NAp 
 
 21,894 
 40 
 
 15 146,395 
 NAp 39 
 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
50 
 
 TABLE E-47. — Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, race, and education, by sex 
 
 Male Female 
 
 Workers pet Workers 
 
 Age, yr: 
 
 15-20 750 1 15 
 
 21-23 2,996 2 45 
 
 24-26 7,685 5 149 
 
 27-29 14,320 10 368 
 
 30-34 30,822 22 753 
 
 35-39 27,787 20 727 
 
 40-49 33,59.1 24 . 754 
 
 50+ 22,920 16 397 
 
 Unspecified 1,493 1 119 
 
 Total 142,363 100 3,328 
 
 Mean age yr... 39 NAp 38 
 
 Race: 
 
 White 134,259 94 2,765 
 
 Black 3,243 2 361 
 
 Hispanic 867 1 51 
 
 Other 2,872 2 44 
 
 Unspecified 1,122 1 107 
 
 Total 142,363 1(H) 3,328 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary.... 8,426 6 29 
 
 Some high school ... 18,986 13 356 
 
 High school diploma 65,731 46 1,574 
 
 Vocational diploma.. 10,178 7 186 
 
 Some college 11,771 8 648 
 
 College degree 6,163 4 218 
 
 Unspecified 21,108 15 317 
 
 Total 142,363 100 3,328 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 23 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 38 
 
 89 
 
 40 
 
 96 
 
 142 
 
 254 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 704 
 42 
 
 100 
 
 704 
 
 100 
 
 704 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 14 
 
 20 
 
 36 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 765 
 
 3,040 
 
 7,879 
 
 14,725 
 
 31 ,665 
 
 28,554 
 
 34,441 
 
 23,459 
 
 1,866 
 
 146,395 
 39 
 
 146,395 
 
 146,395 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 22 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 83 
 
 97 
 
 14 
 
 137,120 
 
 94 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 3,612 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 917 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 2,932 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 585 
 
 83 
 
 1,814 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 
 1 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 8,470 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 38 
 
 5 
 
 19,380 
 
 13 
 
 47 
 
 109 
 
 15 
 
 67,413 
 
 46 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 10,372 
 
 7 
 
 19 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 
 12,446 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 38 
 
 5 
 
 6,419 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 469 
 
 67 
 
 21,894 
 
 15 
 
 100 
 
TABLE E-48.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, and education, by race 
 
 51 
 
 White Black Hispanic 
 
 Workers pet Workers pet 
 
 Age, yr: 
 
 15-20 748 1 
 
 21-23 2,908 2 7 
 
 24-26 7,582 6 57 2 
 
 27-29 13,792 10 381 11 
 
 30-34 29,680 22 972 27 
 
 35-39 27,071 20 552 15 
 
 40-49 32,082 23 1,049 29 
 
 50+ 21,917 16 587 16 
 
 Unspecified 1,341 1 8 
 
 Total 137,120 100 3,612 100 917 
 
 Mean age yr... 39 NAp 39 NAp 38 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary.... 7,935 6 109 3 44 
 
 Some high school ... 18,326 13 440 12 104 
 
 High school diploma 63,957 47 1,634 45 531 
 
 Vocational diploma.. 9,578 7 171 5 44 
 
 Some college 11,314 8 544 15 157 
 
 College degree 6,225 5 108 3 12 
 
 Unspecified 19,784 14 605 17 25 
 
 Total 137,120 100 3,612 100 917 
 
 NAp Not applicable. 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
 
 Other 
 
 Unspecified 
 
 Total 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 pet 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 
 765 
 
 1 
 
 34 
 
 4 
 
 • 52 
 
 2 
 
 40 
 
 2 
 
 3,040 
 
 2 
 
 40 
 
 4 
 
 146 
 
 5 
 
 55 
 
 3 
 
 7,879 
 
 5 
 
 110 
 
 12 
 
 370 
 
 13 
 
 72 
 
 4 
 
 14,725 
 
 10 
 
 211 
 
 23 
 
 633 
 
 22 
 
 170 
 
 9 
 
 31,665 
 
 22 
 
 174 
 
 19 
 
 599 
 
 20 
 
 159 
 
 9 
 
 28,554 
 
 20 
 
 191 
 
 21 
 
 696 
 
 24 
 
 422 
 
 23 
 
 34,441 
 
 24 
 
 158 
 
 17 
 
 433 
 
 15 
 
 363 
 
 20 
 
 23,459 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 515 
 
 28 
 
 1,866 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 2,932 
 38 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 1,814 
 42 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 100 
 
 2,932 
 
 100 
 
 1,814 
 
 100 
 
 146,395 
 39 
 
 146,395 
 
 100 
 NAp 
 
 5 
 
 366 
 
 12 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 8,470 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 394 
 
 13 
 
 115 
 
 6 
 
 19,380 
 
 13 
 
 58 
 
 1,031 
 
 35 
 
 260 
 
 14 
 
 67,413 
 
 46 
 
 5 
 
 509 
 
 17 
 
 71 
 
 4 
 
 10,372 
 
 7 
 
 17 
 
 360 
 
 12 
 
 71 
 
 4 
 
 12,446 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 66 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 6,419 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 206 
 
 7 
 
 1,275 
 
 70 
 
 21,894 
 
 15 
 
 100 
 
 TABLE E-49.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: number of workers and 
 coefficient of variation— employment size class, by type of coal mined 
 
 Employment size Anthracite Bituminous AN 
 
 class Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 
 
 1-19 1,016 4.2 16,999 4.0 18,016 3.7 
 
 20-49 882 12.2 21,495 4.4 22,377 4.3 
 
 50-99 300 1.7 14,473 8.2 14,773 8.0 
 
 100-249 380 2.0 34,248 2.6 34,628 2.6 
 
 250-499 .0 41,935 .2 41,935 .2 
 
 500+ .0 20,009 .5 20,009 .5 
 
 All groupings 2,578 47 149,158 1J 151,737 1.0 
 
 1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 
 statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 
 
52 
 
 TABLE E-50.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: number of workers and 
 coefficient of variation— job title, by type of coal mined 
 
 Anthracite Bituminous 
 
 Job title grouping 1 
 
 Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 188 19.2 2,825 8.4 
 
 Beltman-belt cleaner-belt repairman 7 40.0 5,214 5.0 
 
 Blaster 9 56.8 1.209 12.1 
 
 Continuous miner and related machine operator 4 65.5 6,433 3.7 
 
 Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 3 100.0 232 23.3 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator 101 8.2 10,480 4.9 
 
 Driller-auger operator 110 13.2 2,762 10.2 
 
 Electrician-wireman-lampman 50 22.7 6,155 6.0 
 
 Front-end loader operator 132 13.9 4,192 7.3 
 
 Grader-scraper operator 12 52.1 2,446 8.0 
 
 Laborer-miner-utility man 620 8.0 22,647 1.2 
 
 Longwall operator .0 1,036 9.9 
 
 Manager-foreman-supervisor: 
 
 General 187 8.7 9.214 3.3 
 
 Maintenance 2 100.0 2,250 3.5 
 
 Working 6 42.9 5,515 4.0 
 
 Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist 503 8.8 22,735 2.9 
 
 Mine technical support 90 14.0 6,707 4.4 
 
 Office worker 81 16.0 5,261 3.8 
 
 Plant operator-warehouseman 160 8.6 5,735 8.7 
 
 Roof bolter-rock driller .0 8,206 5.8 
 
 Scoop tractor operator-motorman 15 27.9 5,261 7.0 
 
 Shuttle car operator .0 5,646 7.6 
 
 Truck driver 301 17^3 6,997 4.4 
 
 AH groupings 2,578 4^7 149,158 1.1 
 
 'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 
 
 All 
 
 Workers 
 
 CV, pel 
 
 3,013 
 
 7.7 
 
 5,221 
 
 5.1 
 
 1,218 
 
 11.8 
 
 6,437 
 
 3.7 
 
 235 
 
 23.0 
 
 10,580 
 
 4.9 
 
 2,872 
 
 10.0 
 
 6,205 
 
 5.9 
 
 4,324 
 
 6.9 
 
 2,459 
 
 7.8 
 
 23,267 
 
 1.2 
 
 1,036 
 
 9.9 
 
 9,400 
 
 3.3 
 
 2,252 
 
 3.5 
 
 5,521 
 
 4.0 
 
 23,237 
 
 2.7 
 
 6,797 
 
 4.4 
 
 5,342 
 
 3.7 
 
 5,895 
 
 8.4 
 
 8,206 
 
 5.8 
 
 5,277 
 
 7.0 
 
 5,646 
 
 7.6 
 
 7,297 
 
 4.6 
 
 151,737 
 
 1.0 
 
TABLE E-51.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers and coefficient 
 of variation— principal equipment operated, by type of coal mined 
 
 53 
 
 Anthracite Bituminous 
 
 Equipment operated grouping 2 
 
 Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 
 
 Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel 181 18.5 2,887 8.2 
 
 Belt 10 24.5 5,299 5.0 
 
 Continuous miner and related machinery 4 65.5 6,222 4.5 
 
 Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 103 7.1 9,638 5.1 
 
 Explosives 9 56.8 1,209 12.1 
 
 Front-end loader-forklift 167 12.3 5,216 7.0 
 
 Grader-scraper 12 52.1 2,868 6.4 
 
 Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 390 16.2 25,633 3.0 
 
 Hoist 41 10.8 443 26.6 
 
 Locomotive-mine car 19 22.6 3,997 6.0 
 
 Longwalls and parts .0 945 4.4 
 
 Many equipment 29 43.1 2,859 4.1 
 
 Miscellaneous utility equipment 490 10.9 12,810 2.2 
 
 Plant equipment 136 13.6 4,108 7.8 
 
 Rock dusting machine-pump 2 100.0 1,132 9.9 
 
 Roof bolting machine-underground drill 23 36.9 8,844 5.3 
 
 Scale-lab equipment-controls 26 37.6 2,182 6.0 
 
 Scoop .0 3,853 8.0 
 
 Shuttle car .0 5,703 7.4 
 
 Surface drill-auger 92 11.2 2,055 11.3 
 
 Truck (haulage) 310 16.1 7,311 4.6 
 
 Truck (utility)-personnel carrier 6 50.3 2,487 9.6 
 
 Welding machine-lathe 225 10.3 4,284 4.0 
 
 None 207 10.3 21,735 2.9 
 
 Unspecified-not elsewhere classified 14 44.3 178 36.8 
 
 All groupings 2,498 <U5 143,897 1.1 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 *See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 
 
 All 
 
 Workers 
 
 CV, pet 
 
 3,067 
 
 7.7 
 
 5,308 
 
 5.0 
 
 6,226 
 
 4.5 
 
 9,741 
 
 5.0 
 
 1,218 
 
 11.8 
 
 5,383 
 
 6.7 
 
 2,881 
 
 6.2 
 
 26,023 
 
 2.9 
 
 484 
 
 24.2 
 
 4,016 
 
 5.9 
 
 945 
 
 4.4 
 
 2,888 
 
 4.3 
 
 13,300 
 
 2.1 
 
 4,245 
 
 7.8 
 
 1,134 
 
 9.8 
 
 8,868 
 
 5.2 
 
 2,208 
 
 6.0 
 
 3,853 
 
 8.0 
 
 5,703 
 
 7.4 
 
 2,147 
 
 11.0 
 
 7,621 
 
 4.8 
 
 2,494 
 
 9.6 
 
 4,509 
 
 3.7 
 
 21 ,942 
 
 2.9 
 
 192 
 
 34.7 
 
 146,395 
 
 1.0 
 
54 
 
 TABLE E-52.— Coai mining 1986 workforce estimates: number of workers and 
 coefficient of variation — work location at mine, by type of coal mined 
 
 Work location 
 
 Anthracite 
 
 
 Bituminous 
 
 
 All 
 
 
 Workers 
 
 CV, pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 CV, pet 
 
 Workers 
 
 CV, pet 
 
 392 
 
 7.7 
 
 69,471 
 
 1.4 
 
 69,863 
 
 1.4 
 
 121 
 
 15.2 
 
 8,757 
 
 4.1 
 
 8,878 
 
 4.1 
 
 1,229 
 
 5.4 
 
 51,061 
 
 2.0 
 
 52,291 
 
 1.9 
 
 730 
 
 8.2 
 
 12,222 
 
 5.9 
 
 12,952 
 
 5.5 
 
 107 
 
 14.9 
 
 7,647 
 
 2.4 
 
 7,753 
 
 2.4 
 
 Underground mine 
 
 Surface at underground mine. 
 
 Surface mine 
 
 Plant or mill 
 
 Office 
 
 All groupings 
 
 2,578 
 
 4.7 
 
 149,158 
 
 1.1 
 
 151,737 
 
 1.0 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 
 
 TABLE E-53.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers and coefficient 
 of variation— experience at job, company, and mining, by type of coal mined 
 
 Anthracite Bituminous 
 
 Experience, yr 
 
 Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 
 
 At present job: 
 
 0<to<1 219 17.5 26,011 3.6 
 
 1<to<2 243 12.7 20,877 3.9 
 
 2< to <3 117 17.9 13,707 4.8 
 
 3< to <5 218 16.4 21,911 4.3 
 
 5<to<10 439 9.7 34,212 1.3 
 
 10< to <20 345 13.3 14,047 4.1 
 
 20< 136 17.0 1,587 8.8 
 
 Unspecified 781 1CU) 11,545 10.2 
 
 All groupings 2,498 4.6 143,897 1.1 
 
 At present company: 
 
 0< to <1 311 14.7 10,647 8.5 
 
 1< to <5 725 7.5 35,467 2.8 
 
 5<to<10 488 8.4 43,556 1.8 
 
 10<to<15 630 12.7 33,153 2.1 
 
 15< to <20 177 13.9 12,129 6.3 
 
 20< to <25 93 22.8 2,525 ,8.6 
 
 25< to <30 28 25.8 1,074 15.8 
 
 30< 35 38.2 2,760 7.1 
 
 Unspecified 9 64.0 2,586 21.8 
 
 All groupings 2,498 4.6 143,897 1.1 
 
 Total mining: 
 
 0< to <1 89 15.9 3,341 11.4 
 
 1< to <5 299 9.8 16,591 7.4 
 
 5<to<10 291 14.5 38,623 2.4 
 
 10<to<15 287 11.3 33,668 2.0 
 
 15< to <20 114 14.6 14,152 5.0 
 
 20< to <25 85 32.9 4,524 4.5 
 
 25 < to < 30 88 28.5 2,168 6.8 
 
 30< 66 22.8 4,335 6.2 
 
 Unspecified 1,179 13.2 26,494 7.8 
 
 All groupings 2,498 4.6 143,897 1.1 
 
 1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 
 
 All 
 
 Workers 
 
 CV, pet 
 
 26,230 
 
 3.5 
 
 21,120 
 
 3.8 
 
 13,824 
 
 4.8 
 
 22,129 
 
 4.3 
 
 34,651 
 
 1.4 
 
 14,392 
 
 4.2 
 
 1,723 
 
 8.1 
 
 12,325 
 
 9.7 
 
 146,395 
 
 146,395 
 
 146,395 
 
 1.0 
 
 10,958 
 
 8.5 
 
 36,193 
 
 2.8 
 
 44,044 
 
 1.8 
 
 33,783 
 
 2.2 
 
 12,307 
 
 6.1 
 
 2,618 
 
 8.6 
 
 1,102 
 
 15.7 
 
 2,795 
 
 6.9 
 
 2,595 
 
 21.8 
 
 1.0 
 
 3,430 
 
 11.1 
 
 16,890 
 
 7.2 
 
 38,914 
 
 2.3 
 
 33,955 
 
 2.0 
 
 14,266 
 
 5.0 
 
 4,610 
 
 4.6 
 
 2,257 
 
 6.6 
 
 4,401 
 
 6.0 
 
 27,673 
 
 7.3 
 
 1.0 
 
TABLE E-54.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers and 
 coefficient of variation— training received, by type of coal mined 
 
 55 
 
 Job training for last Anthracite Bituminous 
 2vr - h Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 
 
 167 30.3 4,157 13.1 
 
 1-8 104 21.8 6,328 8.6 
 
 9-15 12 21.8 2,080 13.0 
 
 16 963 12.5 46,775 3.0 
 
 17-40 117 26.1 31,186 5.0 
 
 41-80 114 28.3 14,102 3.0 
 
 81-160 17 57.4 5,645 7.5 
 
 161+ 6 100.0 2,667 3.5 
 
 Unspecified 997 UA 30,956 5^0 
 
 All groupings 2,498 4.6 143,897 1.1 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 
 
 All 
 
 Workers 
 
 CV, pet 
 
 4,324 
 
 12.4 
 
 6,432 
 
 8.3 
 
 2,092 
 
 12.9 
 
 47,738 
 
 2.9 
 
 31 ,303 
 
 5.0 
 
 14,216 
 
 2.9 
 
 5,662 
 
 7.5 
 
 2,673 
 
 3.4 
 
 31,953 
 
 4.7 
 
 146,395 
 
 1.0 
 
 TABLE E-55.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers and 
 coefficient of variation— age, by type of coal mined 
 
 Anthracite Bituminous 
 
 Age, yr 
 
 Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 
 
 15-20 30 23.4 735 10.4 
 
 21-23 94 10.5 2,946 11.0 
 
 24-26 130 17.8 7,750 6.1 
 
 27-29 184 9.4 14,541 3.2 
 
 30-34 378 10.1 31,287 2.2 
 
 35-39 332 7.4 28,222 3.2 
 
 40-49 471 10.2 33,971 2.1 
 
 50+ 777 7.6 22,682 2.3 
 
 Unspecified 103 354 1,763 23J3 
 
 All groupings 2,498 4^6 143,897 1J 
 
 Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE.— Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 
 
 All 
 
 Workers 
 
 CV, pet 
 
 765 
 
 10.0 
 
 3,040 
 
 10.8 
 
 7,879 
 
 5.9 
 
 14,725 
 
 3.1 
 
 31,665 
 
 2.2 
 
 28,554 
 
 3.2 
 
 34,441 
 
 2.0 
 
 23,459 
 
 2.4 
 
 1,866 
 
 22.5 
 
 146,395 
 
 1.0 
 
56 
 
 TABLE E-56.— Coal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers and 
 coefficient of variation— sex, race, and education, by type of coal mined 
 
 Anthracite Bituminous 
 
 Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet 
 
 Sex: 
 
 Male 2,487 4.6 139,876 1.0 
 
 Female 10 56.3 3,317 8.1 
 
 Unspecified .0 704 17.8 
 
 All groupings 2,498 4^6 143,897 1.1 
 
 Race: 
 
 White 2,480 4.7 134,640 1.2 
 
 Black 6 79.1 3,606 4.5 
 
 Hispanic 5 100.0 912 15.2 
 
 Other 5 100.0 2,927 10.6 
 
 Unspecified 1 100.0 1,812 25.1 
 
 All groupings 2,498 <U5 143,897 1.1 
 
 Education level: 
 
 Some elementary 61 25.1 8,409 5.7 
 
 Some high school 173 16.5 19,207 3.2 
 
 High school diploma 1,148 10.5 66,266 .9 
 
 Vocational diploma 151 31.4 10,221 5.4 
 
 Some college 35 26.7 12,411 3.2 
 
 College degree 52 23.2 6,367 5.3 
 
 Unspecified 877 9J 21,017 6.6 
 
 All groupings 2,498 4j> 143,897 1.1 
 
 'Excluding job title category of office workers. 
 
 NOTE. — Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 
 
 All 
 
 Workers 
 
 CV, pet 
 
 142,363 
 
 3,328 
 
 704 
 
 146,395 
 
 146,395 
 
 146,395 
 
 1.0 
 
 8.0 
 
 17.8 
 
 1.0 
 
 137,120 
 
 1.2 
 
 3,612 
 
 4.5 
 
 917 
 
 15.0 
 
 2,932 
 
 10.6 
 
 1,814 
 
 25.2 
 
 1.0 
 
 8,470 
 
 5.7 
 
 19,380 
 
 3.2 
 
 67,413 
 
 .9 
 
 10,372 
 
 5.3 
 
 12,446 
 
 3.2 
 
 6,419 
 
 5.3 
 
 21,894 
 
 6.2 
 
 1.0 
 
57 
 
 APPENDIX R— MINING INDUSTRY POPULATION SURVEY LETTERS 
 
 AND QUESTIONNAIRE 
 
United States Department of the Interior 
 
 BUREAU OF MINES 
 
 2401 E STREET, NW. 
 
 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20241 
 
 Dear Mine Manager: 
 
 The Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, is requesting your help 
 in conducting a survey of the mining industry. The survey is designed to char- 
 acterize the nation's mine-worker population by occupation, job experience, 
 training, age, and other factors. These data are necessary to accurately ana- 
 lyze the nation's mine accidents. At this time, the information sought "by 
 this survey cannot be obtained from any other source. 
 
 Your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size in your 
 industry. Although your response to this survey is voluntary, the validity of 
 the results depends upon a very high response rate. We urge you, therefore, 
 to respond as completely and accurately as possible based upon information 
 from your personnel files, management records, or direct response from indi- 
 vidual workers at your mine. 
 
 Under no circumstances will the information you provide be identified by 
 individual mine, company, or worker. The data will be used for statistical 
 purposes only and the results of the survey when analyzed with accident statis- 
 tics will be made available to the public in the form of official publications. 
 
 Instructions for completing the survey questionnaire are on the enclosed survey 
 form. Questions regarding the survey should be directed to: 
 
 Ms. Shail Butani 
 
 Bureau of Mines 
 
 5629 Minnehaha Avenue South 
 
 Minneapolis, MN 55417 
 
 Telephone: (612) 725-4500 
 
 Thank you for your time and effort. 
 
 (Note: Collect calls regarding 
 this survey will be accepted during 
 regular business hours, 8:00 a.m. to 
 4:00 p.m., Central Time.) 
 
 Sincerely, 
 
 <?*ns 
 
 / I Director 
 
 Enclosure 
 
United States Department of the Interior 
 
 BUREAU OF MINES 
 
 2401 E STREET, NW. 
 
 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20241 
 
 Dear Employer: 
 
 Recently, we wrote to you requesting your help in obtaining data for a survey 
 for the mining industry. This information will he used to produce the 
 characteristics of the nation's mine-worker population in order to analyze the 
 nation's mine accident data more accurately. We have not yet received your 
 response and have enclosed an additional survey questionnaire in case the 
 original was misplaced or did not reach you. 
 
 Because your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size 
 in your industry, we are making every effort to obtain your response to ensure 
 a true representation of those firms. Your response is strictly confidential 
 and will be used for statistical purposes only. 
 
 If you have any questions, please refer to the instructions on the first page 
 of the questionnaire or call collect, Ms. Shail Butani at 612-725-4500. If 
 you prefer, you may report your information directly by telephone. A response 
 during the next 2 weeks would be great assistance to the survey. 
 
 Thank you for your help and support in the Bureau's effort to characterize the 
 mine-worker population. 
 
 Sincerely, 
 
 Enclosure 
 

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