THE ANTHROPOMETRIC TABLES OF- AMHERST COLLEGE. 1892. i 1\HJB> AS DERIVED FROM THE MEASUREMENTS OF THE STUDENTS IN AMHERST COLLEGE. A PAPER PRESENTED TO THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE AD- VANCEMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AT THEIR ANNUAL MEETING IN PHILADELPHIA, APRIL, 1892. e H/tcJ^WrcJ^ , ^A^-^S^L AMHERST, MASS. . pte^ of Carpenter & H&orefroutfe, 1892. s ransfar, !8S'06 >X PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS AS AFFORD- ING A BASIS FOR THE DETERMINA- TION OF THE IDEAL MAN. More than a century ago, Sir Joshua Reynolds in England used this language : " From reiterated experience and a close comparison of the objects of nature, the artist becomes possessed of a central form from which every deviation is deformity. * * * * And as there is one general form which belongs to the human kind at large, so in each of these classes there is one common idea and central form which is the abstract of the various individual forms belonging to that class. But I must add further, that though the most perfect forms of each of the general divisions of the human figure are ideal, and superior to any individual forms of that class, yet the highest perfection of the human figure is not to be found in any one of them. It is not in the Hercules, nor in the Gladiator, nor in the Apollo ; but in that form which is taken from them all, and which partakes of the activity of the Gladiator, of the delicacy of the Apollo, and the muscular strength of the Hercules." The object of this article is not to exhibit on paper or in figures the' ideal human form, but believing there is an ideal form as conceived in the Divine mind, and that this ideal is by no means as yet present to us in the bodies of our young men ; but to show that the studies here presented may give us some glimpses of this ideal, and how we may approximate to it. Or, perhaps it is better to say that these studies show us what is the best human form and propor- tion as it actually exists to-day, and then from the special and pecu- liar excellencies as brought out in these researches, we can set our- selves to work to see if we cannot elevate the average to a higher ideal. But firstly let us bring up a little past history of the study of the human form in ideal. The Sanscrit manuscript written in the early Christian centuries is the Oldest literature on this subject. It is called the Silpi Sastri, and with great exactness and precision divides the human body into nine portions, and 480 parts. The hair, 15 The face, 55 The neck, 25 The chest, 55 From the chest to the navel, 55 Thence to the pnbes, 53 " " knee, 90 The knee itself, 30 The leg and foot, 102 480 And by a most " occult " administration of a tangle of squares, circles and triangles it was " demonstrated " in this manuscript what the perfect human form might be expected to resemble. A Greek sculptor Polykleitus about 400 years B. C. has left a treatise called the " canon" on human proportions. This was illus- trated by a marble statue called Doryphorus, or Spear Bearer, which was said to have been of " perfect proportions." But the model has disappeared. Phidias, still later, employed twenty models, borrowing from each of them the most beautiful parts u permitting him to arrange them with all the necessary strength and dignity." And other schemes have been devised, and have perished, by other lesser lights among artists ancient and modern, endeavoring to tell us what is the perfect or ideal human form. But near the beginning of the present century, as scientific methods have come to the front to confirm or overthrow theory as it may be true or false, the artistic conception has been asked to wait a little while, until patient, plodding, scientific investigation shall show us what we now have on hand to enable us to try and construct the artistic ideal. And the first investigator in this field of research is no less a man than Baron L. A. Gr. Quetelet of Belgium, in the prime of his activi- ties from 1850 to 1870. His work which we find under the different captions of " proportions," " superficial extent," " development," " measure of the different faculties" and " theory of probabilities of the human body " he most carefully carried out by observation, experiment, and use of the doctrine of means and averages over an immense field of investigation. And to Baron Quetelet we must give the title of the Father of Anthropometry. Since the year 1884, the American Association for the Advance- ment of Physical Education has received, and there have been read at its annual meetings many papers on anthropometry and its kindred subjects. It has also adopted a definite method of ascertaining the proportions of the human body mainly as derived from measurements made in colleges, schools and the Y. M. C. associations. Working in the very close direction of the method adopted by this association, the Department of Physical Education in Amherst College has been making a prolonged and careful study of the physi- cal statistics of all of the nearly 3000 students who have been connected with this Institution during the last thirty years. The results of study have been carefully preserved, collected and tabulated in several different ways, and the most important of them are appended to this paper. It has not, however, been the design in it all, to labor according to any preconceived theory or model, but merely to gather together the facts, and then find out the law or method which they seem to outline or foreshadow. This large mass of measurements has been looked at, arranged and tabulated in the following different ways. The first one is in the common method of taking the Average of each item of all the students measured. This means, adding together the measures of each student, and then dividing the amount by the total number of students observed. This is to be found under the table of the Average Student. As twenty-one years is considered by common law to be the date of arriving at full manhood, the measurements of those who were between Twenty-one and Twenty-two Years of Age are arranged and exhibited under the table The Student Twenty-one Years Old. For the sake of further unfolding the subject, these measurements have been arranged and tabulated according to the doctrine of means, or, of mean proportions. The method of securing this, is, to arrange all the items in groups with a common difference, from the least to the greatest, when we readily find the group with the largest number, which represents the mean number of the whole. This is found under table 3, or the one of the Student of mean proportions. Another way of illustrating these results is the grouping of all the items by the Ages of the Individuals. The ages as studied here have been from sixteen to twenty-six. This is the Table of Ages. The Percentile Method is another way of expressing the results of these measurements. This method is analogous to that of the 6 u means." The items here are all arranged in order from the great- est to the least, when five per cent, are counted off for the first division, ten more for the second, and so on down to fifty per cent., which corresponds very closely with the " average," or " mean," as already described. These five divisions indicate a measure above the fifty per cent. Then another division of ten per cent, indicates forty per cent, below the fifty per cent, division ; and another ten, per cent, thirty more below, and so on to the minimum of five per cent. The last table is that with Stature for a basis of comparison. Here all the items are grouped together under the differing body heights, from the lowest to the highest with the variation of one centimeter, or about half an inch in each group. For instance, taking the lowest group measuring 1600 m. m. or 63 inches, all men of this height — 1600 to 1609 — are tabulated together and each of the fifty- four items averaged to secuie the standard of measurements for men of the heighth of 1600 m. m., or 63 inches. Then the other heights, 1610, 1620 and so on up to 1830 m. in., or 72 inches, are tabulated in the same manner. This is the table represented By Heights. Thus are brought side by side six different ways of studying the anthropometric results obtained from the students of Amherst College. And it certainly is both instructive and interesting to see the close relation of results in these different methods, and very likely if we feel that we must adopt one of these several methods, we shall have to be on our guard lest we should need the advice of the countryman to the traveler who inquired which was the best of three roads before them, " all of them lead you there, but whichever one you take before you get there you'll wish you had taken the other." For, without doubt, age, weight, stature and per cent, are each im- portant factors in this problem, when we are to treat it in a cosmo- politan manner. But for educational and developmental study, where so much of the need of physical training now lies, for the training, strengthening and developing weak and poorly developed bodies, the Standard of Stature seems the safest and surest to work from. The painter and sculptor certainly makes his dimensions of size according to the height of.the subject he is placing on canvas or in marble. There are certain limits to the outline of the tall per- son which he would not give to a shorter figure, even if the age were exactly the same. He would not add the encumbrance of fat to the figure short and chubby, even though the theory was ever so strong that just so much adipose must be there all the same, no matter what the lengths of the bone so warmly covered up might be. And it seems rational to suppose that the capacity and size of the vital organs, and the strength of the muscles, to move the longer or shorter levers will be proportioned to the length of trunk and limb, rather than to the mere weight of the tissues. Also the facts are established, beyond doubt, long ago, that the size of the lungs and some other vital organs, depends in each individual case upon the bodily stature, so many additional cubic inches of lung capacity for each inch of stature. And as strength of muscle depends on the number rather than the length of its fibers, we shall see that the long arm or leg needs a thicker muscle to move it than does a shorter one. Hence the trunk, arm or leg of the person a little longer than another of exactly the same age or weight, would require a little longer girth measure, to endue it with the strength proportioned to the size. It will not, however, be right to dismiss this subject without presenting to this association the opinion of Mr. Charles Roberts, the foremost authority on anthropometry in Great Britain to-day. In treating of the subject in " index columns, age columns and result columns," he sums up the whole by saying, " the total height being the most characteristic and important measurement of the body, the arrangement of the table of heights has been made the model for all the rest." In concluding, it seems safe to say, that the examination of the tables constructed on Bodily Stature as a datum give strong support to the idea that this element is the determining basis for an anthropo- metric standard whether of the ideal man, or for rational deductions and prescriptions for a better or more normal rate and quality of bodily growth. It is a pleasure and privilege to say that the preparation and printing of these tables, and the offer of a copy to each member of this association is made possible by the endowment of a " contingent fund " for anthropometric, and its kindred work in Amherst College by Dr. Ruf us P. Lincoln in New York. M^&t orl* ^to ^rfy*s+& 16 yeari 17 w I9~ 20" 2T 22~ 2f 25 26~ The black figures represent millimeters, kilograms ami liters : the red, inches, pounds and cubic inches. a a < h (9 s HEIGHTS. GIRTHS. ' BREADTHS. ' f LENGTHS. STRENGTHS. — r "b"l j; a .3 i 1 a Z £ 1 a s % 3 s 1 3 Right Calf. Left Calf. Right Iustep. J 5 s 5% 5l £ E Right E.bow. Left Elbow. Right Foreara Left Forearm. Right IVi 1st Loft Wrist. Head. Neck. Shoulder. Nipples. & 1 Is a s Ii gS s H s p. s £ 3 1 1 J O 5i b , E . 3 1 51 a 1 Si I r u p ■" e " 1 a. 3 s* < H SB It, lz; 1. TABLE OF THE AVERAGE STUDENT. (11.2 1 17251 134.9 | 67. 9| 1410 110301 8601 4761 1)031 5721 3491 88(l| 55.5 | 40.5|33.o|l8.7|:!5.5|22.5|l3.7|34.6| 927 10.5 724] 8931 517 512 361 359 20„.2| 14. 2| 14. 359 | 349 245 242 205 257 203 2ol 1 24V 267 261 166 1 105 155 108 430 198 250 323] 373 1371 1401 1 459 j 260 1259 11780] 1732 1.5 1 137 1 6 9 1166 141 |S65 1 90 88 84 Iffil 7988 2. TABLE OF THE STUDENT 21 YEARS OLD. 63.1 11726 1 138.8|67.9 1 1407 I 10251 864 1 477 1 903 1 572 1 356 892 55.3 1 40. 4| 34.o| 18.7|35.5 |22.5 |l4.0|35.l| 933 36.7 7251 8981 521 519 1 3591 358 j20.-l| 14. l| H. [350 1348 | 244 | 2431 3011 264| 259 1 253 1 249 1 2661 259 j 166 j 165 1 155 I 1091 4311 2001 25(1 327! 374 1374 1462 1459 1 261 1260 11794 117381 1.4 1146 1 7 10 1172 141 [878 | 90 39 14.23 1 326 s. TABLE OF THE STUDENT OF MEAN PROPORTIONS. 64.0 117201 141.1B7.7 1 1410 110231 86014801910 i 570 1 350 j 8801 925 720j 890| 515 28. 3| 3o.0| 20.3 510! 3601 860 2(1. l| 14.21 14. L 10 1175 | 40 37 82 | 8.90 1 1 2086 4. TABLE OF 50 PER CENT. MEASUREMENTS. 1 61.6 11724 1 35 8|67.8 I 1410 1 10291 864 1 476 1 905 , 569 1351 885 1 55.5 | 40.51 34.01 18.7135.6 J22.4 Il3.8l34.8l I6.4! 7301 893 I 514 510 359 359 20.lll4.2l 11- |373 | 86 453 3.89 1 2230 8. TABLE OF AGES. 16 years 58. 87 1710 1725 1415 14lT 1038: 866 1 480 8.9 477 ft s 888 35.0 900" 35.4 562 22.1 344 13.5 858 1 897 705 854 502 498 1 357 , 358 19.6 14.0 14.1 342 13.5 839 J242 241 279 250 1240 2-15 240 253 249 166 164 11.0 1 9.8l 9.-1 9.6 ' 9.4 lO.Cl! 3 8 6.5 6.4 154 106 6.1 ' 4.2 418 188 246 .320 374 16.4 7.4 i 9.7 il2.6 1-1.7 370 466 14.6 18.8 462 263 263 1781 1733 18.2 1 10.3 ,111.8 .70.1 6S.2 1.311130 . 4 8 151 35 388 77 34 411 3.91 289 2.17 40 ~~90 17 " 50.22 1036 869 563 22.1 344 S57 1 586 7)5 881 504 504 358 1 359 19.8 1 i.i: 1 1. 1 339 13.3 338 13.8 246 242 282 11.1 250 9.8 242 245 242 10.0 0.7 6.5 6.4 260 252 166 164 10.2 9.9 6.5 6.4 153 107 6.0 | 4.2 426 190 247 16.81 7.5 19.7 322 13.7 3(0 14.6 369 459 14.5 18.1 458 18.0 261 ,261 j 1780 1738 10.3 10.3 70.1 68.4 1.37 124 4 8 150 37 331 82 34 388 4.01 246 2.29 18 " 61.00 1733 1 ■■ 1, ■■ ■ 1419 H140, 871 1481 905 55 o 40.9 34.3 18.9 35. G ■fi 348 867 ■ 14.1 ! 117 n 888 512 1:131 3,59 1 1,1 360 14. 'J 344 13.5 342 lfl.5 244 9.6 244 290 11.4 255 10 ii 248 9.S 248 ;244 9.8 9.6 154 6.1 108 4.2 429 1192 16.9 1 7.6 9.9 12JL 14.8 14.7 18.3 18.3 [261 261 | 1791 1747 10-3 40.8 I70.5I68.8 1.42 3.1 135 298 5 9 158 1 46 848 101 36 420 4.11 251 2.32 220 19 " il.59 1733 1413 1030 867 478 903 55 .: .in ..-, 34J lis. 8 35.5 ■•>•], 354 13.9 882 | 126 730 898 514 510 20.1 359 14.1 3611 14.2 347 13.7 345 18.6 246 244 9.0 296 1 1.6 258 10.1 252 9.9 246 246 261 254 166 164 10.0 6.5 6.4 "257" 166 165 10.1 6.5 6.5 154 6.1 109 4.8 433 195 17.01 7.7 252 9,9 326 J2.8 374 14.7 373 461 14.7 18.1 459 1S.1 260 10.2 25i 1787 1741 1.43 3.1 142 312 6 10 167 41 368 , 90 37 82 448 4.11 251 2.36 270 20 ••" 21 "~~ ;:; 00 17". 1 ia i.o 6 . 13.971731 140.6 68.1 [419 1 1137 869 j 480 | 907 15 'J Hi 8 3JL2 IS. 9 135.7 fill 1030 866 479 1908 55.6 i 40.5 34.1 18.9 35.7 5GG 356 J889 ! 14.0 34.9 K )29 735 899 515 28.9 :'.5.4 20.3 514 360 11 " 360 14 :' 349 348 18.7 246 i) 7 245 300 9.8 11.8 262 10 :; 256 10.1 252 1247 9.9 j 9.7 10.3 154 6 1 109 1.3 437 [197 K53 17.2 7.7 110. 327 12.9 3/4 14.7 373 463 14.7 18.2 462 18.2 262 1".:: 1.57 145 319 7 10 173 1 42 380 1 92 38 84 471 4.23 268 2.41 270 572 |359 !901 J941 22.514.1 35.4 37.0 74S 905 524 524 362 14.2 562 14.2 353 13.9 351 13 s 247 9 7 246 305 9.7 12.0 266 in.:. 259 10.2 255 251 ll). [ 9.9 266 260 166 165 10.5llO.2J 6.5| 6.5 154 6.1 110 1.3 442 1201 258 17.4 ' 7.9 10. 1 328 12.9 374 14,7 373 464 14.7 18.3 461 18,1 261 10.3 10.2 70.6169.1 1 .59 3.5 152 S 335 11 179 41 395 97 40 88 497 508 4.27 260 4.35 205 2.48 2.47 220 150 22 " 64.15 1732 1413 j 1031 861 477 j 909 55.6 40.6 | 33.9 118.8 135.8 569 J361 1909 949 22.4 14.1 35.8 37.4 749 901 525 521 363 20.5 1 1.3 363 1 1 3 Si 353 249 13.9 ! 9.8 247 1308 9.7 12.1 262 10.3 256 10.1 !56 252 268 1261 1 167 ] Hit) 10 1 i 9.9 10.5 10.3 6.6! 6.5 6.1 4.3 17.4 ! 8.0 ho. 2 13.2 11.7 14.7 18.1 18.1 10.3 1".:: 3.6 83 7 386 37 88 23 " 63.02 1731 138.61 68.1 1417 i 1033: 662 479 90S i 567 ,358 899 144 520 20.5 1 14. l| 14.3 356 ! 347 247 14.0 13.7 9.7 246 300 262 258 258 249 264 257 , 166 165 154 6.1 110 ,439 200 258 4.8 17.3 7.9 10.1 329 12.9 375 14.8 374 14.7 46o IS. 3 464 18.3 261 10.3 260 10.2 1788, 1743 1.58 152 , 8 335 1(1 1 75 45 886 99 38 84 477 4.31 263 2.54 70 2-1 " 65.47 1732 U3.9|68.2 1417 1041 869 482 908 573 363 915 55.8 ■ 41 34.2 19.0 35.7122.6114.3 36.0 J59 766 915 526 524~ 864 ! 366 14.3 14 1 356 355 251 14.0 14.0 9.9 249 310 f',".'f,U 10.1 10.0 10.6 268 10.5 262 167 167 10.3. 6.6 6.6 262 168 166 10.8 6.6 6.6 155 6.1 111 4.4 446 ; 20G 264 17.6 ', 8.1 10.4 333 13.1 3 , 9 14.9 378 14.9 467 18.4 16., 18.8 263 262 1 1791 1752 1.61 150 ! 7 331 10 177 44 890, 97 40 88 486 4.38 267 2.88 60 25 " 65.08 1733 143.1J68.2 1414 1041 S67 471 913 55.7 1 41.0 34.1 18 5 3 i !) 571 307 917 22.5 14.4136.1 157 ™ »» j» T ? 358 | 362 14.1 14.2 355 1352 253 .250 1 811 14.0 13.9 10.0 ! 9.8 12.2 270 10.6 265 10 4 257 254 10.1 10.0 155 111 4.4 445 17.5 20S 266 8.2 ln.5 83,3 13.1 3V1 14.6 371 14.6 460 18,1 461 18.1 2611261 i78i (735 10.3 10 3 ,11. ! .'." 3 1.46 3.2 143 7 315 10 175 ; 44 386 97 40 88 467 4.38 267 2.V0 20 26 " 64.71 1750 142. 3 1 68.9 1439 11041! 867 1487 922 56.7 41.0 3-1 1 19 2 36.3 570 22.4 358 111 894 149 17.4 749 914 |519 29 5 36.0 20.4 515 [359 J362 20.3 114.1 1 14.2 851 1350 249 ! 248 | 305 18.8 'l3. 8 9.8 1 9.8'12.0 265 10.4 259 10.2 255 252 10.0 9.9 267 10.5 260 i 168 : 167 10.2 6.C 6.6 154 6.1 111 4.4 447 17.6 205 201 S.l 110.3 335 1384 13.2 Lo.l 382 15.0 471 IS. 5 470 18.5 268 363 1821 1761 10.3 Il0.3l71.7 69.8 1.44 150 7 3.2 831 9 179 43 395 95 39 86 489 4.45 271 2.64 20 1430 tri< L 3 ,7 3Ct3 3he J8 09 10 M ;V10 kw "28.1 722 28.4 722 28.4 723 28.4 723^ 28.4 -726 28.5 729 28.7 "731. 28.7 B 860 33.9 860 33.9 864 34.0 864 34.0 873 84.4 879 34.6 881 34.7 882 34.7 .882 34.7 884 fi4.8 886 34.8 886 34. E 888 34. S 895 35J ■896 85.3 908 738 912 !9.0 B5.S T38 912 9.0 bs.g (41 912 !9.2 35. i r 45 916 9.3 r 48 36. 1 921 9.4 B6.2 r 48 921 9.4 •is 922 9.4 T49 923 Arxtlx:i?oj3o:*x*etr'io Study of flxe> St\ciexTt» of i\.xi^tLei-«st College. 6. TABLE OF HEIGHTS.— 1322 P-IASUREMENTS. The black fisnres represent millimeters,- kilograms and liters : tL inenes , poumls am1 cubio inches . 1 HEIGHTS. , . i A U = ■ r K fc H £ | & a 1 ■M • £ Jj a a K Pn US 1600 mm. 68.9, 12911 947.' 797' 425 851 559 335 861 881 702 860 33.9 500 63.0 in. 118.8 50.8 87.4 81.3 16.7 33.5 22.0 t::.'j 33.5 B4.fi 27.7 19.7 1610 mm. 54.0 1300 ' 958 800 '430- 856 561 i338 852 882 703 860 501 G3.4 in. 18.5 51.2 37.8 31.6 16.9 33.7 22.1 13.4 13. 6 34.7 !7.7 33.9 19.7 1620 63.8 mm. 1300 5 1 . 2 962 87.9 810 31.9 439 17.3 869 54.2 562 22.1 340 13.4 854 33.6 888 703 864 34.9 27.7 34.0 5' " 119.0 l: 1630 mm. 54.5 i 1320 [966 . 812^ •442 87(1 '562 345 857 900 703 8«4 5t 64.2 in. 119.9 52.0 88.0 B2.0 17.4 4.3 22. 1 13.6 33.7 35.4 27.7 31.0 19.7 1640 mm. 64.7,'' 1380 974 '814' 448 879 1563 345 857 900 708 873 503 64.fi in. 120.3 52.2 38.4 32.1 17.6 14,5 22 2 13 6 33 7 35 4 "7 8 34 4 19 8 March, 1892. 1650 mm 65.0 in. 55.5 122.1 1340 52.8 .979 88.5 820 32.3 448 17.fi 88(1 84.6 J883 84.7 563 .565 346 "347" 864 84.(1 901 35.4 709 8,9 34.6 504 19 : 1660 mm 65.4 in. J57.3 127.1 1350 53.2 983 68. 8 ,885 88.0 ;450 17.7 865 34.0 903 ■710 881 34.7 1' 1670 mm 65.7 in. 57.9 127.3 1350 53.2 986 88.9 839' 33.1 -454 17.8 884 (14.8 566 -348 18.; 868 904 710 882 84 . 7 2(1.1. 1680 mm 66.1 in. CI). 1 132.0 1360 53.5 991 89.0 ■853 460 is. 1 ,891 &5.0 565 n 4 - 8,2 905 714 ■882 517 1690 mm 66 6 in. 60.2 132.4 1400 55.1 1(120 40.2 862 34.0 473 18.6 905 35.6 566 i350' 872 84.3 9(19'. 722 28.4 884 84.8 517' 20.8 170(1 111111. 66.9 in. 61.3 134.8 140(1 1020 40.2 • 863' 474 IN. 7 908 571 22.4 ' 350 18.3 876 34.5 913 722 .'8.4 886 34.8 '518 20.4 1710 mm. 67.3 in. 61.3 134.8 1 inn 1020 40.2 '863 34.0 474 908 571- 22.4 '352 13.9 880 34.6 010 723 28 . 1 8861 8-i.:; 519 20.4 1720 mm. 67.7 in. 61.7 135.7 1410 55.6 1020 •1(1.2 867 1 84. 1 178 [8.8 910 572 353 IS. 9 887 84. 8 920 723 18 ! 888 34.9 520 20.5 173(1 mm. (18.1 in. 62.1 186.6 141(1 1040 1(1.9 870 484- t'.l.ll 918' 86.1 572 ■354 13.9 SS7 '930 -726 ,895 521- 1740 mm. 62.5 137.5 14211 1(150 41.3 874' 31.4 486 19.1 918 572 354' 1; 9 889 931 729 .896 19087 1750 mm. 68.9 in. (13.9 140.6 143(1 5(1.8 10511 41.3 880 34.6 486 19.1 918 572 H.O 889 931 731 522 1760 mm. 69.3 in. (15.1 1440 1060 11.7 886 34.9 489 19.8 -'924 573 355. 1 1.11 890 93 1 ,38 912 522 1770 mm. 67.8 1450 57.1 1060 41.7 895 494 19.6 36. 1 574 U 11 89(1 934 738 912 528 20.6 1780 mm. 70.1 in. 67.8 1450 57.1 1070 42.1 896 489 19.7 81;. 4 22"; 356 1 1.0 891 35, 1 936 741 745 912 916 36. 1 ■623 20.6 1790 mm. 70.5 in. 68.0 1460 KINO 12.5 899 .511(1 19.7 1933 57 6 356 l-l.ll 898 a8H 523 20.6 1800 mm. 68.2 1470 1090 ,12.9 9117 5114 19.9 934 136.7 582 356 1 1 11 894 938 748 29.4 921 524 1810 111111. 71.3 in. 68.2 1480 ! 10911 " '.1 918 86. 1 5 17 937 582 356 898 939 748 29.4 748" 29,4 921 922 524 1820 mm. 71.7 in. 68.3 1180 ;58.3 1090 12.9 919 36.2 519 939 583 356 898 953 526 1830 mm. 72.0 in. 68.3 1505 1120 59.3 44.1 921 86.3 525 20.7 939 37.(1 583 28 11 356 1 i.O 899 35.4 956 '749 .".7.6 '29.5 923 81;. 8 529 20. S GIRTHS. 1. 1 1 , BREADTHS. . LENGTHS'. STRENGTHS. 1 a f,{ L L ] i £ p. ^2 S „j g-5 | ■£ r S II [ S 3 i-& 1 3 S 8 § r* H g £ £ g ■.£ |[| ij gjjj | j || || | | ■ ||| | ,2.5 j S ■ i3 5 j s-5 & 5* S - 5 S j J.5 497 341 339 325 323 231 2290275 248 244 241 237 253 248 '161 19.5 13.4 13.8 12.8 12.7 9.1 9.(1 10.8 9.8 9.6 9.5 9.3 10.11 9.8 0.8 Head. Neck. Shoulder. Nipples. Waist. Hips. Right Shoulder Elbow. Left Shoulder Elbow. Right Elbow Tip. Left Elbow ■ Tip. Right( Foot. Left Foot. Stretch of Arms. Horizontal Length. Lungs. Back, flip. " full. Legs. Right Forearm Left Forearm. Ml - r i 151 : 104 J 5.9 4.1 413 191 245 313 349 16.2 7.5 9.6 12.3 13.7 416 i 192. 245 313 351 16.3 7.6 9.6 12.3 13.8 346 430 429 3.6 16.9 16.9 349 434 433 \ 13.7 17.1 17.1 242 241 1660 1010 9.6 y.6 6.',. 4 63.4 1.3 126-; 10 11 130 34.31 .470 3.10 2.2 "■ 2.9 278 , '287 75 j 63 198 '19.6 13.4 13.3 12.8 12.7 9.1 9.0 10.9 ' 9.8 ' 9.6 498- 342 1340 '333 831 232 230. 280 248 244 ;19.6 13.5 13.4 18.1 13.0 9.1 9.0 11.0 9.8 9.6 9.5 9.3 10.0 9.8 6.3 1. 151 104 . 5.9 4.1 244 243 1690 1620 9.6 9.6 66.5 63.8 1.8 1261 7 10 143 34 i 31 ;430 3.21,-2.4 ' 2.9 27Sj 815 75 68 , 196 : , 9.5 9.4 10.0 9.8 6.4 ), 151 106, 418 192i 245. 315; 353 3 5.9 4.1 16.4 7.6 9.6 12.4 13.9 350 436 i 435 13.8 17.2 17.1 244 243 '1690 1640 9.6 9.6 66.5 64.6 1.4 126 18 10 147 34 31 447 3.25 2.4 3.1 1 278 ! 324 76 68 i , 198 19.6 13.5 13.4 13.2 13.1 9.2 9.1 11.0 9.9 9.8 9.6 9.4 10.0 9.8 6.4 )- :152 106' 419 193, .2451 316 354 8 6.0 4.1 16.5 7.6 9.6 12.4 13.9 351 438 437 18.8 17.2 17.2 -244 243 1690 1650 9.6 9.6 6fi.5 65.0 1.2- 126 9 11 148 36 488 [4,69 3.27 2.5 2.6 ! 278 j ! 326 79 : 78 | 199 19.6 13.5 13.5 13.2 13.1 9.2 1 9.1 11.1 10.0 9.8 9.5 9.4,10.0: 0.81 6.4 i 152 "106' 423 193-247 316 357 3!' 6.0 1 4.1 16.6 7.6 9.7 12.4 14.0 854 442 441 13.9 17. 217. 4 247 ,246 '1700. 1650 9.7 ' 9.7 \ 66.9 65.0 1.2 | 126,. 8j 9| 149 36 33 430 3.33 '2.4 2.6 | 278 i , 328 79 73 , 203 1! 500 346 344 337 ,335 236.233 283. 254 250 242.238 255 250,162.' 19.7 13.6 13.5 13.3 13.2 9.3 ! 9.2 11. 1 10.0 9.8 : 9.5 1 9.4 10.0 ' 9.8 ! 0.4 1 152 407 1 6.0 ' 4.2 •424 ' 194 248 316 358 16.6 ' 7.6 9.8 12.4 14.1 355 443 442 14.0 17.4 17.4 249. 248 -1700 1660 9.8 9.8 66.9 66.4 1.3 2.9 127j 6!10|150 37 34 ' 424. 3.44 2 4 280 , 331 82 , 75 , 210 19.8 13.7 13.6 13.4 13.3 9.3 9.2 11.2 10.0 9.8 9.6 9.5 10.1 9.9 6.4 ) 153 107-429 195 '248 316, 361 3 6.0 ! 4.2 16.9 ' 7.7 9.8112.4 14.2 [.' 153 [ ,107 431 1 196 1 250 .818! 362 ; s! ! 6.0 4.2 16.9 7.7 9.S 12.5. 14.2 1366 445 444 14.0 17.5 17.5 359 445 444 14.1 17.5 17.5 252 251 170(1 1680 9.9 9.9 66.9 66.1 • 1.2 • 128 '-7! 11; 151 '37 i "34 ; 423 3.50' 2.3 2.6 1 282 j 1 333 82 75 214 19.9 13.7 18.6 18.5 18.4 9.3 9.2 11.2 llO.O 9.8 245 241 257 252 163. 9.6! 9.5 10. 1 ■ 9.9 6.4 252 251 1720 1680 9.9 , 9.9 : 67.7! 66.1 U2], 129 8' 10; 164 37 • 34 460 3.52 2.2 2.6 i 284 ! ' 339 82 76 215 20.2 L3.8 J8.7 13.6 13.5 9.3 9.2 111.3 10.0, 9.8 9.7 i 9.6 10.1 10.0 6.4 I 153 ' 108: 431 196 252 : '320, 366 3 6.0 1 4.2 16.9 7.7 9.9 12.6 14.4 363 446 445 14.3 17.6 17.5 252 . 251 1730 1 1690 9.9 , 9.9 68.1 66.5 253 252, 1740 1700 10.0 9.9 68.6 66.9 III 1.2 2.6 130' .7 10 159 89 36 476 3.54 2.3 287 , 350 86 i 79 216 '514 352 350 845 843 237 235-287' 267 253 i 249 245 :j 261 ' 256 | 164 1 20.2 13.9 13.8 13.6 13.5 9.3 9.2 11.3 10.11 10.0 9.8 1 9.6 10.3 10.1 6.4 2 153 108 431 196 252 324, 366 4 6.0 4.2 16.9 7.7 9.9 12.7, 14.4 363, 4E-0 '449 14.3 17.7 17.7 1.1 2.4 135 298 6 10! 160 39 86 486 3.60 2.4 363 86 '79 ! 220 ' 2H.8 18.9 18.9 18.6 18.5 9.3 9.2 11.4 10. 1 [10.0 1 9.8 9.6 10.3 10.1 6.5 4 153 108 431 196 253 330 367 4 6.1, 4.2 16.9 7.7 10.0 13.0 14.4 864 455 454 14.3 17.9 17.9 256 255 1770 1750 10.1, 10.0 69.7 67.7 1.3 136 300 '6 9; 163 40 37 , 441 3.631 2.2 - 859 88 82 221 20.3 L4.0 13.9 18.7 13.6 9.4 9.3 11.5 10.1 10.0 9.8 9.6 10.3 10.1 6.5 li''153 108 431 196 263 332 368 ■1 6.0 4.2 16.9 7.7 10.0 13.1 14.5 365 457' 456 14.4 18.0 17.9 259' 258 1770.; 1760 10.2 10.1 69.7' 69.3 1.1 2.4 137 301 '6 9' 164 40 861 88 37 470 3.(16 2.4 ' 82 223 2(1.8 14.11 14.0 18.7 18.6 9.5 9.4 11.5 10.2 10.1 9.9 9.8 10.3 10.1 6.5 4, "153 108 432,197 254 332 369 4 6.0 4.3 17.0 7.7 10.0 13. li 14.5 366! 4K0 : 4'59 14.4 18.1 18.1 260 : 259 1780 1760 10.21 10.2' 70.1 69.3 ■ Ul 1381 7i 10, 1641 40 37 462 3.78 2.7 2 4 804, , 361 86j 82 ; 231 518 360 358 351 -349 242 240 295 260 258' 252 .248 263 258' 167 20.4 14.2 14.1 13.8 13.7 9.5 9.4 11.6 10.2 10.1 9.9 9.8 10.3 10.1 6.6 5" 153, 109 "432 '198 254. 332 369 5 6.0 4.8 1 17.0 7.8 10.0 13. ll 14. r, 366 465 '464 14.4 18.3' 18.3 264! 263! 1810 1770 10.4 j 10.3! 71.3, 69.7 ■ 1.3 140 2.9 309 6 10r 164 40 37 468 3.90 2.5 361 88 82 238 519 361 .359 851 349' '244 241 .296. 261 257 254 250 263 258 167 2(1.4 14.2 14.1 13.8 '13.7 9.6 9.5 11.6 10.3 10.1 10.0 9.8 10.3 Ki.l, 6.6 5 154 109 432 '198 254; 335! 371 5' 6.11 4.3 17.0 7.8 10. 013. 2' 14.6 369 4K8> 467 14.5 18.4 18.4 264 1 263 1810' 1770 10.4 10.3 71.3] 09.7 ; 1.2 j 2.6 140 809 5 ,8 165 41 38 149 8,. 91 2.8 j 364 9(1 84 239 '519 364 361. '351 349 244 241 296 261 257 254 250 263 258 167 20.4 14.3 14.2 13.8 13.7 9.6 9.5 11.6 10.3,10.1 10.0 9.8,1(1.8 10.1 6.6 5 154 109 433 199 254 335 376 .', 6.1 4.8 17 7.9 10.0 13.2 14.8 378 468 467 14.7 IS. 4 18.4 265 264 1810 1771 10.4 10.4' 71.3! 69.7 1.2 14( j, 2.6 309 :6 8 167 4 1 38 476 8.94 2.8 80.-; 90 84 , 240 „ 20.4 14.4 14.8 18.9 13 8 9.6 9.6 1 1.6 ' 10.2, 10.1 ' 10.0 9. S, 10.4 10.2 6.6 6 154i lOSl 438 199 254 335 381 6 6.1 4.3 17.2 7.9' 10.0 18.2 15. ( 379 '468 467 [4.9 18.4 18.4 •■265 264 '1810 1770 10.4 10.4 71.3 69. j, 1.2 2.6 141 811 5 s 168 4 1 370, 90 38 84 469 4.02 2.6 245 20.4 14.4 14.3 18.9 13.8 9.6 9.6 11.6 10.2,10.1,10.0 9.9 10.4 1(1.8 6.6 6 154i 109 438 -200 256 -335 382 T, 6.1 ! 4.8 17.2 7.9 10.1 13.2 15.0 379 470 469 14.9 18.5 18.5 266 265: 1810 1781 10.5 10.4 71.8 70, 1.3 2.9 141 8,11 -8 168 41 370 90 ' 38 84 450 4.03 2.5 "16 20.4 14.4 11.8, 13.9 13, 8 9.7 9.6 11.7 10.3 10.2 519 367 365 354 352 247 245. 300 261 259 20.4 14.4 14.4 13.9 13.9 9.7 9.6 11.8 10.8 10.2 255 251 .266 261 168' 10.0 9.9 10.6 10.8 6.6 i 154 1 109 438 200! 256' 336, 384 6.1, 4.ij 17.2 7.9 10.1 13.2 15.1 381 '475 '474 15.(1 18.7 18.7 '207 266 182(1 1781 10.5 10.5 71. 7] 70.1 ' 1.2 2.6 141 311 5 s 169 41 372, 90 •39 86 499 4.(15 2.2 24 7 256 252 207 262 169 10.1 9.9 10.5 10.8, 6.6 1 155 109, 438 201 256 '237 395 1 6.1 4.3 17.2 7.9 10.1 13.3 I6.£ 392 180 4 79 15.4 18.9 18.9 ' 270 269 1850 1 79( 10.6: 10.6; 72.8 70.. 1.2 2.6 142 313 '" 9 171 42 40 877 92J 88 456 4.18 2.3 255 522 369 367 354 352 247 -245: 300 261 259' 256' 252'; -268' 2631 170: 20.5 14..', 14.4 13.9 13.9 9.7 9.6 11.8 10.3 10.2 10.1 9.9 10.5 10.3 6.7 1 155 109, 439 201 256 340, 396 < 6.2 i 4.3. 17.3 7.9 10.1 18.4 16.6 893, 484, '483 15.5 19.0 19.0 273 272 1870 1790 1.1' ' 145 10.7; 10.7 73.6 7or 2.4 820 '■" 8 172 43 40 456 -1.42 2.2 379: 96 270 20.5 14.5 14.4 14.0 18.9 9.7 9.6 11.x In. 8 1(1.2 10.1 9.9 10.5' 1(1. 3 ! «.7j 1 156| 109 439 205 260 341 396 l| 6.2} 4.3, 17.3| 8.1 10.2 13.4, 15.0 393 485 484 15.5 19.1 19.0 "274 273 1880 10.8110. 7j 74.( 1791 70. i ' 1.2 147 -.'.6 321 5i 81 173 43 40 485 '4.48 2.4 88 1 'j:, 88 270 528 869 367 356 854 247 245 300 262 260 256 '252 269 '264! 171 20.0 14.5 14.1 14.0 13.9 9.7 9.6 11. 8 10.8 10.2, 10. 1 9.9 10.6 10.4 6.7 1 156; 109 440 206 263 341' 397 l| 6.2| 4. 3j 17.8i 8.1 ,10.8 13.-1 16.6 394 486 485 15.5. 19. li 19.1 274 273 1891 10. 8:i0. 7' 74.4 1821 1.1 147 71.71 2.4 824 6 8 174 4.1 lo 167 1.43 2.6 384 95 88 270 527 369 367 356 354 '247 245 300 264 262 257 253 269 264 172 20.7 14.5 14.4 14.0 : 13.9 ! 9.7 9.6 1 1.8 10.4' 10.8' 10. I 1 10.0 10.6 10. 1 6.8 1 156; IDS 445 200 263 341, 398 '' 6.2' 4,d 17.5 8.1 10.8 18.4 15.'! 395 488 487 15.5 19.2 19.2 276: 275 1890 10.9! 10.8; 74.4 184( 72.4 1.2 !l 2.(1 148 ::'.'( 6 11 174 44 41 384 97 90 486 (.48 2.5 273 Antlni-o;poixa<3t]rio 2SttAci^r of tlxe> Sttidents of i^xxilxer^t CoUege. PERCENTAGES.— 223Cf MEASUREMENTS. 7. TABLE OF The black figures represent millimeters, kilograms and liters ; the red, inches, pounds and cubic inches. h oV oF CONGRESS Hi h ii ■MB