Class. Book.. .3 2, ? - Copyright ]^°.2J:_1 CQEXRIGHT DEPOSm REGIMENTAL HISTORY 342na Field Artillery, 89tli Division Published by the REGIMENTAL HISTORIAN 342 nd Field Artillery ^^* a, A ^6 10 3^ X, Copyright 1921 by WALSTON CHUBB 0)C!.A627899 NOV 29 1921 <^H,p CONTENTS page I. Camp Funston 3 II. From F'unstox to Bordeaux 13 in. The Trip to the Front 21 IV. In Action Opposite the Hindenburg Line 29 V. With the Army of Occupation 51 VI. Emdarkation Orders 67 Appendix A — List of Killed and Wounded in Action 75 .\ppendix B — Excerpts from Artillery Plan OF Defense 79 .Appendix C — Roster of Officers 342nd Field Artillery 97 Appendix D — Permanent Organization 342nd Field Artillery 105 ILLUSTRATIONS page Colonel George A. Nugent Frontispiece Camp Funston from Headquarters 4-5 Two Views of Pannes 22 Towns Along the Front 24 P. C. of Battery F near Bouillonville 27 Under Camouflage 30 Familiar Targets 35 Objects of Our Fire 40 Mj^p : Euvezin Sector Facing page 42 Two \Tews of Dampvitoux 45 On the March 53 The Indispensable Kitchen 54 The Firing Batterv 55 Guard Duty on the Luxemburg Border 57 Map : Route of March Facing page 58 Tpie Old Way and the Xew 60 Firing Practice on the Range 63 Everyone Worked in Germany 66 Group of Officers at Camp Upton . . . .Facing page 66 Airplane View of Review at Trier 70 Df.dicated to Our Brothers-in-Arms Who Died in Their Country's Service COLONEL GEORGE A. NUGENT REGIMENTAL HISTORY 342nd Field Artillery, 89tli Division I. CAMP FUNSTON THE 342nd Field Artillery was organ- ized on September .5th, 1917, at Camp Funston, Kansas, under the command of Colonel George A. Nugent, U. S. N. A. The regiment was recruited from the first draft of men from Green, Polk, Dallas, Stone, Bollinger, and Laclede counties of southern Missouri, — men for the most part from farms and rural communities. Although mainly offi- cered by newly commissioned graduates of the first Officers Training Camp at Fort Riley, there were a number of officers in the regiment who had seen long service in the regular army, including Colonel Nugent, Lt.-Col. Henry B. Clark and Major Malcolm P. Andruss, in com- mand of the first battalion. During the first weeks the entire work of organizing the six batteries and two companies fell upon the shoulders of Colonel Nugent, who was also in command of the Brigade in the absence of the Commanding General. Owing REGIMENTAL HISTORY rY-.~.(^H|^'J^^j - > CAMP FUNSTON to the lack of non-commissioned officers, the detailed labor of paper work, supply, and drill fell to the lot of the commissioned officers, who early discovered that there were many things about morning reports, memorandum receipts, and mess statements that were not taught at Ft. Riley. Due to the carefully ar- ranged system of distribution at the camp and efficient provisions for clothing and feeding the men, the first five per cent, of the draft was inducted into the service without severe hard- ship. That the task was performed without confusion, was due largely to the patience, willingness, and adaptability of the first train- loads of drafted men. The first non-commis- sioned officers, clerks, cooks and supply serg- eants of the new army were furnished by that contingent of the draft, and greatly facilitated the reception of the subsequent forty per cent. REGIAIENTAL HISTORY DQUAETEES By the end of September, the short space of three weeks, the regiment had enrolled 1,455 men, very nearly filling its quota. Meanwhile, building construction of the camp was keeping pace with the increase in troops, and before the end of the month the regiment had moved into a second set of temporary quarters in the 16th Unit, where most of the fourteen hundred men were received, registered, bathed, clothed and examined. Just how the cold showers, the ill-fitting uniforms, and the strange routine of roll-calls, foot drill, mess, and more foot drill, impressed the men is a matter for future reminiscences. Certainly there was novelty in the rapidly changing surroundings, with soldiers drilling among lumber scrap-piles, along the dusty streets of the completed can- tonment, or again on the scarcely trodden prairie grass of the flats. When company and 6 REGIMENTAL HISTORY battery organization had begun to take shape, innoculations completed, and guard duty estabHshed, the regiment moved across what was later the "Amusement Zone", into its final quarters in Units 22 and 23. Here train- ing had so far progressed that the first efforts, after building walks and clearing the ground, were directed to making wooden rifles for simulation of the manual of arms, for as yet there had been no rifles received and even the guard carried only wooden clubs. One of the most important parts of the training at first consisted in conditioning the men. Under a specially trained and energetic instructor in calisthenics, the men gained daily in alertness and in physical bearing. Systematic athletic programs were also carried out on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons, including- football, obstacle racing, sack-rushes and the usual field events. Much of the actual instruction con- sisted in introducing the men to the customs and habits of the service, and in constant atten- tion to the details of sanitation and health. A non-commissioned oflicers' school was con- ducted at this time to give the marked leaders among the men a superiority in drill. The problem of equipment was a difficult one. The regiment was org-anized as a dis- mounted motorized heavy artillery outfit, 6- inch or 155 mm. Howitzer; so that train- ing in the School of the Driver was not con- REGIMENTAL HISTORY 7 templated. But motor equipment was unavail- able. As a makeshift, some old Spanish War relics were hauled down from the Artillery Parade at Ft. Riley and served to simulate the pieces for preliminary drill of the gun squads. Since we had the distinction of being- heavy artillery, we used the Drill and Service Regaila- tions for the 6-inch Howitzer, a publication rarely followed before or since in the service of the piece. Some theoretical training for specialist details and for non-commissioned of- ficers was attempted at this time. It was not until late in November that a number of model 1898 rifles were issued and following that, target practice conducted on the range just west of Riley. AA^hile ordnance equipment was certainly scarce, the service of supply was on the other hand efficient in respect to food and clothing. The men were well fed and comfortable. Although these first months were without startling events, some startling changes were certainly brought about by the novel monotony of the routine itself, chiefly in the appearance of the men. ]\Iuch progress had been made. With the winter weather of December, the schedule was changed only by an increase in indoor instruction. The routine was broken by occasional ceremonies and reviews, and out- door work was varied bv road marches and 8 REGIMENTAL HISTORY trench digging at the Divisional trench system on Carpenter Hill. The December record was marred by considerable sickness throughout the Division, and the regiment lost fourteen men by death, largely from pneumonia. This began a series of quarantines that were suc- cessively imposed upon the regiment, for mumps, measles, and meningitis. In connec- tion with the latter epidemic it is worthy of note that the 342nd was the first unit in the new army that offered itself for experimental innoculation with an anti-meningitis serum. About 1,000 men were innoculated by a physi- cian from the Rockefeller Institute, the experi- ment leading to the treatment of 5,000 men in the Division and establishing the efficacy of the serum for at least temporary immuniza- tion. The holiday season was duly celebrated. Thanksgiving spoke well for the progress of the cooks and mess-serg"eants, and those that could not go on furlough certainly could not have feasted much better. On the afternoon of Thanksgiving Day the regiment marched in a body to an interdivisional football game. Christmas was marked b}^ a similar feast and more athletic events. In the morning the Divi- sion had an out-door meet and field day, the Regiment had a Christmas tree and band con- cert, and the batteries looked after the other festivities and the gifts. REGIMENTAL HISTORY 9 The next few months passed more slowly for this regiment of motorless, gunless, motor- ized artillery. The only equipment received consisted of U. S. Model 1917 rifles, and all artillery training was necessarily theoretical. In so technical a branch as artillery it is fit- ting to lay some emphasis upon the training of the officers. The elementary and decidedly general training of the First Training Camp had left a great deal to be learned, especially in the conduct of Position Warfare. In the early part of December a Brigade School of Fire w^as started under the Directorship of Lt.-Col. Stephen H. Mould, successor to Col. Clark. With a corps of translators the school was energetically pushed by Capt. Francois Munro of the French Mission. Special indoor terrains were built and classes held daily. The translated French books and pamphlets were mimeographed, distributed, and explained by daily lectures of the school staff. Later, out- door exercises were attempted. While these activities were hardly popular at the time, the value of the instruction was fully appreciated later on in the stress of training in the A. E. F. Other training for officers was had at Divi- sional specialist schools — liaison, gas defence, intelligence, machine gunnery and the like. Beginning in November, two officers a month attended the Ft. Sill School of Fire, for a three months course. Several officers and enlisted 10 REGIMENTAL HISTORY men were also sent to Ordnance Schools for motor and tractor instruction. The records of our representatives in these schools was creditable throug-hout. Changes in the personnel occurred in the latter part of December, when an increase of 60 officers from the second training camp re- ported for duty. With eleven promotions the regiment was largely over-officered. It was at this time also, that headquarters began calling for men to go overseas in replacement detach- ments, and the ensuing process of separation met with small favor, because it involved the breaking up of friendly groups mustered in from the same locality. The training began more intensively in April when service practice took place on the target range ; hrst with the three inch guns and later with 4.7'' Howitzers. To prepare the men for the contemplated motorization of the regiment, 30 men a week were sent to the Manhattan Agricultural College for a short course in motors and tractors. The regiment was also assigned four "Quad" trucks for practice work. By the end of the training period, some confidence was felt that with one officer and a number of men specially trained for each battery, the regiment could handle motor equipment. To represent Camp Funston as a mere train- ing ground, and the regiment as six batteries R E G I M E N T A L H I S T O R Y 11 and two companies would be to omit a real de- scription of the life there. Passes were liber- ally distributed, and the men were given much liberty in visiting Kansas City and the nearby towns. The "Y" and later the "Zone" served to furnish recreation. The spring season found the regiment well stocked with some of the best baseball players in the country, and the Divisional Team itself used eight of our play- ers. The baseball enthusiast of the Regiment was Major IMalcolm P. Andruss, who scoured the country and pulled all strings to get such names on the regimental lineup as : Alexander, ]\Iitchell, Noyes, Lambeth, Novak, Ward, Wetzel and several other stars from the major leagues, and with college players among the officers such as Lindsey of Kansas, Clark of Illinois and Lewis of Washington, the team went through its career unbeaten. Although the athletic prowess of the regi- ment was largely instrumental in cementing it into a unit, the secret of an unusual "esprit de corps" lay in the leadership of Col. Nugent. Though the discipline was strictly maintained, there was not a man in the regiment who fos- tered a grudge against him for injustice or severity. There was not an officer who did not think that in ability, Col. Nugent was htted to be Chief of U. S. Artillery. It was the Colonel's insight into the process of transi- tion from civil to militarv life that won him 12 REGIMENTAL HISTORY loyalty. Untiring in devotion to detail, and exacting as he was of the best efforts of every- one, Col, Nugent's wise answer to hasty criti- cism of the officers and men was always, "Give them time." In the last analysis the solidarity of the regiment was largely a loyalty to its leader. Its points of excellence were merely a reflection of his policy. REGIMENTAL HISTORY 13 II. FROM FUNSTON TO BORDEAUX WHEN the regiment left Camp Funs- ton on June 3rd, 1918, it was con- siderably below strength, having contributed an average of 100 men a month to replacement detachments, during the previous five months. The regiment traveled East in three sections, made up of tourist cars, with kitchen and baggage cars. Arriving at Ho- boken, N. J., on the morning of June 6th, the entire day was consumed in ferrying across to Long Island and it was late in the evening when the batteries arrived at Camp Mills and hied into their company streets in the tent embarkation camp. Here the time was largely spent in preparation of records, in equipping the men, and in the in- tensive training of about 300 new recruits, m.ostly from eastern states. Passes to New York were plentiful and among other outings a memorable hike was taken from the camp to Long Beach for a ''Regimental Swim." Under conditions of considerable secrecy the regiment prepared to leave during the night of June 26th, and at dawn June 27th, entrained in good order for Long Island Ferry and ferried to the White Star Docks. Here we embarked on a giant ship labelled H. M. T. 14 R E G I ^I E N T A L HISTORY F-8261, which we were instructed was a British Transport, called the ''Justicia" a ship of 36,000 tons displacement. The "Justicia" started dow^n the harbor on the morning- of June 28th, and joined the con- voy of camouflaged vessels in the lower bay, under the escort of the cruiser "Huntington", the auxiliary cruiser "Virginia", a number of small "chasers" and a dirigible balloon. At the time submarines had been reported on the Atlantic coast and the first night was not with- out qualms. The following day the guards and life boat drills w^ere organized and became a part of the daily routine. General Donnelly was in command of the ship, and the 342nd being- the only complete unit on board, fur- nished all the interior and exterior guard and the bulkhead and lookout guard. There were also on board two replacement detachments considerably under-officered and two or three advanced detachments from other divisions. The atmosphere of mystery surrounding our course, occasional sudden changes of di- rection, active rumors, and the strict regula- tion of lights at night, made the trip some- what adventurous. Due to one or two slow vessels, the convoy progressed slowly, and as the men became accustomed to the routine, drills on the deck were instituted with calis- thenics and running. An event that broke the REGIMENTAL HISTORY 15 monotony was a celebration of July 4th that included an address in the morning by General Charles G. Treat (on his way to Italy) and a number of boxing- bouts in the afternoon. Every evening the band of our regiment gave a concert on the decks and it was always with regret that the "lights out" order and "clear the decks" followed each other so rapidlv. It was anything- but pleasant in the crowded ham- mocks of the hold sections, where the men were quartered. One evening, that of July 8th, we sighted a small black shape in the distance, the first of a new escort of British destroyers. Then slowly the semaphores and projectors began to signal and finally our convoy of twelve ships was in- creased by eight destroyers. The "Hunting- ton" left us here to return to the States. On the morning of July 9th we rose to find land in sight — a mysterious land of high cliffs and rocks. From "some one that knows" we learned that it was Scotland, and later Ireland and the Isle of Man were pointed out. And some one else that knew told us of the reputa- tion of the localities for lurking* submarines. During the morning, one of the destroyers fur- nished some excitement by blowing some mines that were picked up. In the meanwhile, the serious concern of the powers on the bridge was beginning to give way to a solid look of satisfaction. 16 REGIMENTAL HISTORY Someone blundered on the morning of the 10th. We were all awakened at 4:30 for a pre-arranged disembarkation, only to see the sun rise over the towers of Liverpool as we swung on the ebbing tide of the Mersey. It was not until hve o'clock that night that the great ship was finally docked in the tide locks and, each with a small travel ration, the men filed off into the streets of Liverpool. The regiment marched through Liverpool, to the disembarkation camp at Knotty Ash, a tent-camp apparently built in a private estate or Park. Although the full packs and forced inactivity of the voyage made this 5-mile hike something of a trial, the scenes of wartime Liverpool furnished diversions. The disposi- tion of the people was friendly and generous, but one dirty faced little rascal seemed to sum up the general feeling when, leaving the column in disappointment, he remarked ''Aw, they're only going". And the real heroes of the city were very evidently those who "Came Back", the blue-clad convalescents that watched from crutches along the way and waved from the hospital windows. After a comfortable night at Knotty x\sh there was another hike and we entrained for Winchester. Arriving late in the evening we again marched five miles throug'h picturesque Winchester to Winnell Downs Camp. W^e took quarters in a half completed portion of the REGIMENTAL HISTORY 17 camp with inadequate messing- facilities. Al- though the spirit of the men was excellent under the circumstances, there was a distinct impression of pinched conditions in England, and comments were heard comparing the gen- erous American ration with the bread and cheese allowed by the British. The morning of July 12th found us again on the march to entrain for Southampton. A short wait at the docks gave us opportunity to look over a park of artillery material, cap- tured or condemned, and to take a good look at the ships, most of which bore heavy scars of submarine encounters or displayed gaping holes where torpedoes had torn through. The light channel steamers — side wheelers — rapid- ly cleared port and entered upon the channel. It became apparent very early that it would be necessary for the decks to be cleared on ac- count of the weather and what had been dis- comfort before, became acute distress. The "Marguerite" and "Mona's Queen", our two transports, were violently tossed about throughout the night in the choppy seas. Hardly a man escaped sea-sickness, and at one time it was impossible to find twelve able men to relieve the guard stationed at the gang- ways and pumps of the "Marguerite". It was a bad night. When on the morning of July 13th the regiment lined up on the decks at Le Havre, 18 R E G I AI E N T A L HISTORY it was a tired organization. Marching through Le Havre, then the seat of the Belgian Government, we arrived about noon of the 13th at U. S. Rest Camp No. 2. Though crowded here in small tents, we got a good rest of a full twenty-four hours. Bastille Day found the 342nd F. A., A. E. F., marching in pouring- rain through the streets of Le Havre to entrain for parts unknown. We soon learned from our interpreters, who joined us here, that our station was to be some- where near Bordeaux. The train was a typical troop train with the "40 Hommes, 8 Chevaux" legend on the box cars, and the regiment again appreciated the luxury of American travel. With occasional stops for coffee and water we crept slowly south through western France to Bordeaux, and on July 16th, detrained at St. ]\ledard, Gironde, and hiked some eight kilo- meters to the town of Le Taillan, where we were billeted, with the French inhabitants, for three weeks, under the administration of Camp de Souge. Here we received a battery of the guns we were finally to use, — 1915 model Schneider 155 mm. Howitzer, — and both offi- cers and men settled down to master the drill and service of the piece. About a week after we arrived we learned definitely, and for the first time, that we were to be a horse-drawn regiment, and details were sent to receive our first consignment of horses at Camp de Souge. R E G I ]M E N T A L H I S T O R Y 19 Although we had always been skeptical of ever receiving any tractors and motors, this was something of a surprise, for all our training had been for motor equipment. However, thanks to the farmers of the regiment, there were plenty of men who were at home with horses and mules. As one man from old Mis- souri expressed it, "I ain't done nothing all my life, only drive mules". Of all the regiment's experiences in France the stay in Tail Ian was perhaps the most pleasant. Since we were the first American troops to be billeted in this town, the inhabi- tants took the opportunity to g"ive us a hearty welcome. One afternoon, Sunday the 21st of July, the Mayor of the Commune extended a formal invitation to General Donnelly and to all the officers of the regiment to attend a punch at which the Mayor presided and at which mutual expressions of good will were exchanged. Refreshments consisted of cakes, light wine, and champagne served to the guests and functionaries on tables set under the trees of a small village square. The soldiers and populace fraternized on the sidelines and listened with interest to the speeches. The regiment later returned the courtesy by a simi- lar farewell party. On August 3rd the regiment left Le Taillan for the barracks at Camp de Souge and com- 20 REGIMENTAL HISTORY menced the six weeks strenuous course at the School of Fire. The crowded curriculum of this six weeks included the final and basic training- for the front. Telephone, radio, ma- chine gun and reconnaissance officers and de- tails took practical courses and drivers and cannoneers had their first actual experience in handling a battery. After two weeks, firing was begun on the sandy range to the south of the cantonment, applying the theoretical work under the school instructors. Such excellent progress was made by the Brigade during this training that we completed the final big prob- lem a week in advance and received official commendation from the Director of the School. Whether it was this record or larger considera- tions that put us on the "priority list", we were soon cautioned to prepare to move, and equip- ment was rapidly received, guns, horses, and materiel being taken over from another Brigade, then attending the School. Time was barely allowed for fitting harness and for some practice in reconnaissance and occupation of position, when entraining orders were re- ceived. While at de Souge, Colonel Nugent was pro- moted to Brigadier General with orders to proceed back to the States. From that time Colonel Earl Biscoe took charge of the regi- ment and was in command throughout our entire operations. REGIMENTAL HISTORY 21 III. THE TRIP TO THE FRONT ON very short notice the Regiment moved out. The schedule called for eight train sections to leave at six hour intervals from the long loading ramp at Bonneau Station near the Camp. Although loading materiel, horses and mules was dis- tinctly a new problem, the difficulties of it did not prevent the trains from pulling out on time. Due to plentiful room and the use of rolling kitchens for hot food, the trip was more com- fortable than that from Le Havre. In spite of the fact that no stops were made to exercise the horses, very few animals were lost on the three-day trip. The first section (Headquarters) arrived at Toul about noon of September 18th and imme- diately took the road for a forced march through Lucey, Menil-la-Tour, Bernecourt, Flirey and Essey to Pannes, where Regimental Headquarters was established. Following in rapid succession and under the same orders, unloading and departure of the batteries took place. When the first battalion arrived that evening its orders were to be in position at a point thirty kilometers distant and ready to fire, the following night. Although compli- ance meant the loss of a number of already REGIMENTAL HISTORY THE MAIN STREET SCENE OF OUR CASUALTIES OF SEPT. 21, 191 1 TWO VIEWS OF PANNES REGIMENTAL HISTORY 23 exhausted animals, the battalion took the road, arrived at the Bois de Mort Alare in time for a few hours rest, and went into position that night, in a position just south of Beney. De- training- at dawn on the morning of the 19th the second battalion also immediately took the road and camped below Flirey for the night of the 19th, taking up position on the 20th, slightly south of the first battalion in the same ravine. The third battalion took a position on the right near Bouillonville on the night of Sep- tember 21st. In all battalions the batteries Avere close together. On the night of the 20th, after being in position only a few hours, Bat- tery "-A" opened fire for adjustment on Damp- vitoux. The other batteries were allowed more time for digging- gun pits, arranging camou- flag'e, and getting up ammunition, but all went into action shortly after arrival. It appeared that the reason for the haste was the scarcity of artillery in the sector following the St. IMihiel drive, and it was more the assurance of artillery support than the necessity for action, that required the haste. The regiment was in support of our own division on the line organ- ized following the St. Mihiel drive on the 13th. Due to separate positions and tactical em- ployment the battalions now became separate units, knowing nothing- of each other's ac- tivity. By an order from the 4th Corps, on 24 REGIMENTAL HISTORY -"^":^^^^ ■»n^^^^M^gS ^^^^g I& . ...^^KSt: ^jS^^^^^H '•-,'* * . \ I^^^^^^^^^^HBBBiy^flflH^ .< ■i., liu^M.- , '* ■ ■ ■ ' ■ ^ -\'' .* ■ ■■■ jfc^\. ^ -■_.;.- ;.- ,::;';^ . LOWER PAET OF THIAUCOURT BOUIIiLONVrLLE, HEADQUARTERS 3RD BATTALION TOWNS ALONG THE FRONT REGIMENTAL HISTORY 25 September 21st, the first battalion was assigned as corps artillery for counter battery and corps reprisal work, and remained a part of the regi- ment only for the purpose of supply. The remaining batteries continued under divisional command of the 89th Division, which was then part of the 4th Corps, First Army, and held a sector with the 42nd Division on the left and 78th Division on the right. The disposition of the Regiment was then as follows : The two batteries of the first battalion formed a "nest" at the very head of the Ravine just East of the Pannes-Beney Road, known as Le Fond de Marmez (9810) with an observation post just north of Beney and command post at the bat- tery positions. The second battalion was just south of the first along the same ravine, "C" Battery at 0060, "D" Battery at 9899, Com- mand post at "D" Battery position and ob- servation post at B-1513. The third battalion had batteries close together on the hill just east of Bouillonville, with P. C. in the town and observation post at 2801. The echelons had constituted a problem from the very start. Under orders from higher au- thority the echelon was first established in the open valley of the Madine near Pannes, a con- venient but dangerous location, as events proved. Whether the Boche had observed the exposed picket-lines from his planes, or wheth- er he was merely picking a likely location for a 26 REGIMENTAL HISTORY target is unknown, but on the evening of Sep- tember 21st a number of ISO's fell among the lines. Besides four men of "D" Battery killed outright by Hun shells, eight men were wounded and two died in hospital and fourteen horses were lost. The following day the entire echelon was moved to a woods north of Non- sard, and finally on the 25th to the Bois de Mort Alare among the trenches of the old salient, where lack of shelter, mud, and water meant hard labor for the men, and made life a burden for the officers in charge. The task of furnishing a rock footing for the horses, of building stables, and huts for the men, and kitchens to cook food for those at the battery was no inconsiderable labor. Originally in poor shape, and pulled down by the railroad trip, some of the animals never recovered from the pull from Toul, and were lost. When ii later became necessary to evacuate a consider- able number wnth thrush and mange, the regi- ment was in part immobilized for lack of trans- portation, and it became a problem to keep the horses in shape for the daily work of hauling rations and ammunition. The adjustment of supplies and rations was soon worked out satisfactorily. Although reg- ulations prevented the use of kitchens near the battery positions, hot food was brought up, which after the first week improved rapid- ly in quality. Rations and supplies were drawn at Bouillonville and distributed at echelons. REGIMENTAL HISTORY 27 Ammunition supply was simplified for the 1st and 2nd battalions by the use of a narrow gauge railroad up the Fond de la Marmez, and the third batallion was so close to the road that direct truck deliveries could be made. Later dispositions of the batteries made it necessary to use horses to haul from the for- ward dump, to the guns in some cases. It is notable that the heavy and impractical cais- sons were never used for this purpose. Once established on the front in this "quiet sector," the regiment began to settle down to the routine of firing at night and working dur- ing the day, sleeping between times. Though ^>Sfc«ji. p. C. OF BATTERY "f NEAE EOUILLONVELLE 28 REGIMENTAL HISTORY our areas were shelled periodically, the first impression of an artilleryman's life at the front was less danger and more plain hard labor. Carrying 100-lb. shells up to the guns, wash- ing and greasing them, and fuzing and firing at night left little time to worry about any- thing but food and sleep. The German dug- outs were adopted and improved and after a shell or two landed in our neighborhood we also began to develop some very fair excava- tions. REGIMENTAL HISTORY 29 IV. IN ACTION OPPOSITE THE HINDENBURG LINE DURING the first few days there was considerable harassing fire by the enemy and a number of successful raids by our troops. Although our batteries did some adjusting and were called upon in the evenings, as a rule, for reprisal fire on Hageville, St. Julien, and Chambley, the first protracted firing was called for on the evening of Sept. 26th, the date of the drive along the whole front from Verdun to Fland- ers. For the regiment this was the first experi- ence of waiting at the lanyards for the H — hour and the first experience of the flash and roar as a general bombardment broke loose. Although only a small raid was attempted that night on the right of our sector, the firing lasted from midnight till after dawn, expend- ing about 300 rounds per battery. Whether the rumors of a possible advance in the sector had any foundation remains undisclosed, but considering the decoding, the synchronizing, and transmittal of confidential orders to the batteries, the action might have been a major one. And it required some time before an earlv morning shoot became purely a matter REGIMENTAL HISTORY y^:- ^ -k.*-- ymi^p^^^m^ c-~ _^,f %£^!sms^ I . . k " - A POSITION IN THE OPEN GUN EMPLACEMENT NEAR BOUILLONVILLE UNDER CAMOUFLAGE K E G I M E N T A L HISTORY 31 of routine. In the course of time, however, the receipt of orders over the 'phone, the as- signment of missions, the rousing of the offi- cers and calculations of data became a com- mon-place, and usually within fifteen minutes after receipt of an order the men were out, lighting devices set, and the first shell over. "Rounds complete" became merely a grateful signal for the men to curl up in their blankets and fall asleep, just as though hurling a few tons (more or less) of high explosive across miles of country had been a custom for years in the Ozarks. A typical regimental operations order indi- cates the nature of the work executed in con.- nection Avith a raid : Headquarters 342nd Field Artillery American Expeditionary Forces November 1st, 1918 Operations : 1. A detachment of three hundred men will execute a raid on the Bois de Bonseil shortly before dawn November 2nd, 1918. 2. Alission — 2nd Battalion 342nd Field Artillerv. 32 REGIMENTAL HISTORY To neutralize machine gun emplacements and keep enemy personnel in dugouts. 3. Beginning at H+15, one gun will deliver firP nn J361.100 y,,- , tt , , < , 1360.980 ^'' °" (248.940 liftmgatH+44to ^^^^^^^ where it will remain until the end of the raid. One gun will be placed on each of the follow- ing points: 361.160 361.540 361.635 361.865 362.020 361.050 362.030 249.050 249.740 249.250 249.350 249.380 249450 249.540 4. The rate of fire will be two (2) rounds per piece per minute from H+15 to H+20, and one round per piece per minute until the end of the raid. 5. When raiding party has returned to point of departure, single white star cartridges will be sent up until the artillery ceases fire. When rocket signals are sighted this informa- tion will be telephoned to these Headquarters. 6. Watches will be synchronized at 19:00 o'clock November 1st, 1918. H hour will be announced later. Biscoe. REGIAIENTAL HISTORY 33 In the following pages is an account of the regimental operations during the weeks at the front. During the night of Sept. 27-28 there was heavy fire by all artillery to hinder a relief in the German lines. On Sept. 27th a daily schedule of harassing fire was published allowing 10 rounds per gun per day. This allowance gave the batteries a chance to adjust for close shooting, the previous fire having been mostly zone fire on towns or localities in the back areas. Al- though frequent short bursts of reprisal fire were directly ordered and occasional raids took place, the first three weeks in October were very quiet. This was due to a variety of causes. By order of October 5th, it was an- nounced that the supply of ammunition was low in the sector and that batteries would keep strictly within their allowance. Moreover the policy of keeping quiet was necessitated by reliefs in the line. On Oct. 5-6-7th the 37th Division relieved the 89th and between the 15th and 17th the 28th Division relieved the 37th. Meanwhile some changes took place in the disposition of the regiment. On Oct. 6th the second batallion moved to an advanced posi- tion on the left in the Bois de Beney north of the Beney-St. Benoit road. On the nights of 34 REGIMENTAL HISTORY the 7th and 8th the first battalion, still under the Corps, moved into the positions vacated by "C" and "D" Batteries. At this time Alajor Lee A. 3»IcCalla left the regiment to go to Staff School at Langres and Capt. A. J. Watson as- sumed command of the second battalion in its new position, establishing a P.C. in the old railway station of St. Benoit. just behind the battery positions. Capt. Watson remained in command of the battalion until Oct. 26th. when Major F. J. Williams, previously Chief of Section of the Artillery Information Service (A. I. S. ) of the Corps, took charge. Most of the adjusting during this time was upon church steeples and buildings in the towns along the Hindenburg line. Occas- ionally however, it was possible to observe fire on dugouts and works. The nature of the terrain made observation rather difiicult. The Hindenburg Line opposite us had been built about two years before and was characterized by the usual reverse slope positions, extensive use of concrete in dugouts and emplacements and double lines of wire. The Chief of Staff of our Division writing on the nature of the terrain, remarked that "the natural strength of the enemy's line, his left resting on the hill and woods east of Rembercourt, and his right on Lake Lachaussee, is noticeable." It was ac- cordingly rarely possible for us to observe directly the results of our fire, even when R E G I M E X T A L H I S T O R Y MON PLAISIE FAEM A REFERENCE POINT, THE CHURCH AT DOMMARTIN FAMILIAR TARGETS 36 REGIMENTAL HISTORY weather conditons were favorable. On Oc- tober 15th, observers for Battery "F" adjusted on some camouflage just to the right of Mon Plaisir Farm, a feature of the terrain which dominated the right of our sector. The initial shots of the adjustment fell very near the target and five men were seen to run out, only to be caught by machine gun fire from our own lines. A total of 119 rounds were fired on this target, and that evening a patrol from or lines found a wrecked concrete mixer and the bodies of fifteen of the enemy in a partially constructed concrete dugout. Battery "C" had a similar experience in adjusting on a regi- mental P. C. to the left of Dampvitoux, when a number of the enemy were caught by our fire. Perhaps the most tangible evidence we had that our firing was efTective was the fact that we kept on excellent terms with the infantry of the various divisions which we supported. We had occasional visits from the infantry officers who led the raids, and their comment was uniformly favorable as to our accompany- ing fire. That our fire for demolition did its work was clearly shown by subsequent examination of our targets, such as Marimbois Farm, Mon Plaisir Farm, the towns them- selves, and various cross roads and emplace- ments. Some attempts were made during this time R E G I AI E N T A L HISTORY Zl to adjust with airplane observation and al- though the planes frequently got into liaison with our ground stations the reglages were al- most invariably interrupted by hostile chasse planes. A few adjustments were made by sound ranging in the first battalion and visi- bility occasionally allowed work with the balloon companies. However, the enemy's superiority in the air continued on this front, due to our lack of any chasse squadrons. His activities included almost daily reconnaissance over our lines, some night bombing, and a number of successful attacks on the balloons. Our regiment sufifered chiefly from undis- turbed hostile airplane adjustments on our positions, and was handicapped by the lack of plentiful observation for long-range adjust- ment. Cases of heavy shelling under airplane ad- justment caused some of the few casualties suffered by the regiment in its stay at the front. After the batteries of the first battalion had fired most of the night on the 28th of Septem- ber, a boche plane was seen flying about, above the position and at seven o'clock the Germans opened up with fire for effect and fired a total of 160 rounds for demolition. Two hundred rounds of powder were burned and with them camouflage and considerable individual equip- ment. Four men of the Headquarters Detail were wounded, one man was gassed, and one 38 REGIMENTAL HISTORY of the guns was put out of action for several days. Again on October 4th a plane adjusted on the same position, wounding one man in "A" Battery, four men in "B" Battery and one in "C" Battery. By good fortune the guns were only scarred. The batteries were moved from the position on the 7th. Another case in point occurred later in the month, when "D" Battery's position was adjusted on in the after- noon, by a low-flying plane. Two men were slightly wounded. With the exception of a smashed limber, no damage was done to the guns, owing to the fact that the two center pieces had been moved 200 meters to the north on the day before, leaving only the camouflage. With the exception of the above casualties and those at the echelon in September, there were few worthy of mention. "E" Battery suf- fered heavily from gas on October 25th. Al- though the hostile shell fire caused but one in- jury, an explosion of a near-by dump of gas shells gassed twenty-one men of the firing- battery, then in action. One officer and one Sergeant of "F" Battery were slightly l)urned by mustard gas on the night of Oct. 15th, while camouflaging a forward observation post at B2051, but neither injury was serious. Considering that most of the batteries were well forward near the "line of resistance" the casualties during the entire period at the front were very light. When the 28th Division came into the sector REGIMENTAL HISTORY 39 on the 16th and had become well located, it soon became evident that more active work was in store for the artillery. The sector was a wide one, extending" from the Lake on the left to Jaulny on the right. (The 89th Division had soon after our arrival taken over the sector of the 42nd Division and a part of the 2nd Divi- sion sector.) When the 28th arrived, it toi/k over this entire sector, with the 39th French Division on the left and the 7th Division on the right. Following this relief a number of other changes took place. On October 25th the daily harassing and interdiction tire was replaced by a daily schedule of concentration on sensitive points, prescribing the firing of from 120 to 300 rounds daily by this regiment, on targets such as dumps, machine gun emplacements, com- mand posts, trench mortars and like. On the 26th the first battalion was returned to the command of the Division from the Corps. On October 29th, both batteries of that battalion moved to the left, taking up positions in the Bois des Rays, just north of Hattonville, where the battalion Command Post was established. The echelon moved from the Essey location to Creue. The activity of the 28th Division began on October 21st. On that date a gas bombard- ment was ordered on the ravine running north- east from Rembercourt. The regiment con- tributed about 250 of the rounds of the 4,000 40 REGIMENTAL HISTORY J^i ^ 4|UM||afeR^A ' ^^m ~ ~^^P*i>>'''¥%^ Jf^'-'^'^i im><" - <'^./ t/. . . : ^-^^ HL^ 1 f r i-^4M^ ^^jilnr^^t iil-r.^.. . - ..^.^ .. - ■-^^^-''... ' wjKfK^i^^ ^ ^^"^Ss^^. : 3"^"" * i * ■ CHAREY FROM MON PLAISIR FARM A STREET IN ST. JULIEN THE OBJECTS OF SOME OF OUR HARRASSING FIRE REGIAIENTAL HISTORY 41 gas shells that were concentrated there that evening at 8:00 o'clock. Later that night a raid was made on Marimbois Farm, bringrinsf in a total of 26 prisoners. The 2nd Battalion fired 428 rounds of H.E. to accompany this raid, on the road running to the farm from Dampvitoux and on the nearby salient in the line. On the nights of October 27th and 28th, Division and Corps boundaries were changed, the 7th Division taking over the Jaulny Sub- Sector on the right, and the 28th taking over part of the 39th (French) Division on the left. Apparently to cover these reliefs raiding parties were sent out both nights. On the night of the 27th the Bois de Domartin was penetrated. Fire was delivered by the 342nd as follows : 2nd Battalion on Marimbois Farm and the depot dc materiel near the woods; 3rd Battalion on the road leading from Damp- vitoux, and on a zone to the rear of the salient in that part of the line. Total rounds fired, 1158. This raid netted three prisoners. The following night at the same hour a raid was made on the Bois Bonseil, bringing in eight prisoners. Missions were similar to those of the previous night and 945 rounds were fired by the two battalions engaged. Again on the morning of November 2nd a raiding party left our lines for the Bois Bon- seil, this time returning with two officers and 42 other prisoners. Fire of the batteries of the 42 REGIMENTAL HISTORY 342nd consisted in neutralizing- machine gun fire and keeping enemy personnel in their dug- outs. The regiment fired 2142 rounds during this raid. Two raids on the Bois Bonseil having fol- lowed each other in rapid succession, a simul- ated raid was planned for that night. For this purpose fire was delivered at the same place on the morning of the 3rd, the barrage lifted forward as before and then a rolling' barrage combed the woods to the rear. Supposing that the boche would come out of his dugouts at this time to meet the expected attack, the en- tire fire was concentrated back again to the area first shelled, using No. 5 gas exclusively. Whether this fire took the enemy by surprise or not remains undetermined. The fire lasted only 15 minutes in all and the 342nd fired 150 rounds concentrated on the northwest corner of the woods. On the third of November information was received indicating a withdrawal by the enemy along the entire front. Accordingly three strong reconnaissance parties of one company each advanced across no man's land at dawn of the 4th, the right party to the right of Domartin, the center in front of the Bois Bon- seil, and the third through the Bois des Cerfs into the Bois de Noire Terre. The first Bat- talion of the 342nd was in support of the left, laving down destructive fire on the point of at- REGIAIENTAL HISTORY 43 tack and then shifting forward to neutralize machine guns beyond the Hindenburg line. The 2nd Battalion supporting the center, opened at once on machine gun emplacements beyond the line of wire, and the third Battalion supported the right company in the same man- ner. Although plans for advance in case of withdrawal were laid, all three of these parties found the line still strongly held, and were halted by heavy hostile fire. This reconnais- sance lasted from 5 A.M. until nearly noon, when 29 prisoners had been reported. Rounds fired by this regiment, 2937. A raid on the Bois des Cerfs, planned for the dawn of November 5th was never executed, instead, a patrol attacked Marimbois Farm un- assisted by artillery fire, and took 26 prisoners. From that time on, the enemy abandoned the Farm as an outpost, except for occasional patrol work. The raid planned for the 5th was accomplished on the 7th. At 5 :30 hours a party of 2G0 combed through the Bois des Cerfs, capturing 14 prisoners. Demolition and neutralizing fire was delivered by the 342nd on the wire and works of the salients along the hostile line. Two similar raids were made on the morn- ing of the 9th, to determine the strength of the enemy near the Bois de Cerfs and in the Bois Bonseil. Four officers and 40 men penetrated the line near the Bois des Cerfs, but found the 44 REGIMENTAL HISTORY enemy present in force and suffered some loss in withdrawal. The party of 100 that entered the Bois Bonseil took two prisoners. Fire by two of our batteries was directed on enemy works. At about this time orders were issued by the Army and Corps contemplating a general at- tack for "H" hour on "D" day. The Fourth Corps of the Second Army was to attack with the 28th Division on the left and the 7th on the right. Preceding the general attack a strong reconnaissance of the hostile line was ordered. This reconnaissance was assigned to the 112th Infantry for the early hours of No- vember 10th. At 5 :30 that morning a bat- talion advanced with the mission of penetrat- ing the salient near Dommartin, capturing prisoners and determining the strength of the enemy. Opening fire at the H hour the .342nd fired for two hours on targets in the vicinity of Dommartin and Dampvitoux, with irregular volleys of harassing fire. This reconnaissance patrol met with very heavy hostile fire and was forced to withdraw from the attack. Due to method of fire only about 900 rounds were ex- pended by the 155's. The main attack was planned for the after- noon of the 10th. The 55th Infantry Brigade (or a provisional brigade so designated) was to attack on the salient between Lachaussee and the Bois Bonseil, and the 1st and 2nd Bat- REGIMENTAL HISTORY 45 THE RESULTS OF FIRE FOR EFFECT THE MAIN STREET TWO VIEWS OF DAMPITOUX 46 REGIMENTAL HISTORY talions had orders to neutralize machine guns threatening the advance. The 3rd Battalion had a similar mission in support of the 56th Brigade, attacking near Dommartin on the right. Fire was opened at about 2:30 P.M. and lasted for an hour durin"- which ICCO rounds were fired. The attack on the left suc- ceeded in gaining the enemy line, but due to enfilading fire, the position was consolidated about 300 meters outside the wire. The right attack was never launched, due to heavy artil- lery fire. The detailed preparations for this attack were hurried and the exact progress of events remains in doubt. In the meantime, anticipating a move for- ward, the echelons of the 2nd and 3rd Battal- ions were moved up and the night of the 10th was spent near the battery positions. During the evening of the same day an order received made provision for the outcome of the previ- ous operations by providing for three phases in an attack to be begun at 5 :45 on the morn- ing of the 11th. Generally speaking, the first phase involved the occupation of the Hinden- burg line, and the second and third an advance forward in the direction of Hageville. It was for the latter purpose that the echelons of the 2nd and 3rd battalions had been moved up. The attack at 5 :45 was apparently launched and met with success in the initial stages. From all that could be learned the advanced R E G I AI E N T A L HISTORY 47 units later met with severe tire and were forced to retire. Perhaps one reason why the facts were obscured for us was that after the firins: for the initial phase had been accomplishcJ, all attention was given to the news of the armistice. The radio detail of the Third Bat- talion had the distinction of picking up the first news of the signing of the terms, and passed the news on to higher units. The only question that remained was just how soon the operations could be terminated. At 8:45 fire was suddenly called for on the boche com- munications, apparently to aid in a with- drawal, and shortly after the completion of this fire, orders were received concerning the last minute of fire. The plan was to cease fire at 10:55, to open ag-ain suddenly at 10:59 and fire at maximum rate of fire until ten seconds before 11 o'clock. Watches were carefully synchronized and the plan was duly executed. During the night of November lOth-llth the regiment fired a total of 2472 rounds. Of this amount some were expended in desultory fire before 10:55, following a permission to fire on selected targets in back areas. xA.fter firing every day at targets unknown to them, the gunners were allowed to pick targets of their own, and the last rounds of the regiment were in most cases fired by the Chiefs of Section. Following the armistice on the 11th, and the constant firing that preceded the cessation of hostilities, the natural inclination of everv one 48 REGIMENTAL HISTORY was to take a few hours rest. However, curi- osity brought many soldiers to the lines to see their opponents. That evening there was a general celebration signalized by thousands of rockets and flares. Although the lines were lightly held during the following days for the reception of prisoners, to keep troops within bounds, and to receive maps and information in accordance with the terms of the armistice, nevertheless only a small part of the men was needed for this duty and many troops started training in the rear areas at once. The artil- lery remained for a week or so in the dugouts of the positions and then gradually moved to the slightly more comfortable quarters af- forded by the ruined towns. On November 15th the firing batteries of the first battalion moved into old German barracks in Hatton- ville; on November 27th both cannoneers and echelon of "A" battery moved into VigneuUes while "B" battery moved back to the echelon at Creue. On November 23rd Capt. A. J. Wat- son took command of this battalion vice Major Cottrell transferred. The Second Battalion moved batteries, echelon and headquarters into the town of Beney on the 17th, while the Third Battalion made the best of quarters in Bouillonville. It may be easily seen from the foregoing that the activities of the regiment at the front did not include much of the sensational, unless REGIMENTAL HISTORY 49 indeed we consider it sensational that any regiment should perform satisfactorily after so short an acquaintance with its guns and materiel, and with practically no training at all in operating as a fighting unit. But even in this short period, most of the men had beert under fire, and had stood the test. The novel difficulties of supply, liaison, and night opera- tion were met and overcome with excellent results. The discipline at the front hardly needs comment. The discomforts of sleeping on the ground or in damp "rabbit holes" and the hardships involved, seemed to be taken for granted. There were no breaches of discipline, no "A. W. O. L.'s", no grumbling. There was no opportunity for war-like display, no oc- casion for sentiment, no disposition toward enthusiasm. It was a matter of hard work: cheerfully done. R E G I AI E X T A L HISTORY 51 V. WITH THE ARMY OF OCCUPATION THE announcement that the 89th Divi- sion was part of the Army of Occupa- tion was shortly followed by orders to take the road to join our Division. Extra horses had been drawn and on the morning of Novem- l)er 29th the regiment took the road for Ger- many. The first day's march took us parallel to the Hindenburg line as far as Woel (3rd Bn.) and thence through St. Hilaire, Butgne- ville, to Harville (2nd Bn.), Moullotte ("B") and Allamont ("A") where stables and shelter were found in the ruined houses. We found pioneers and engineers still engaged in blow^- ing up the mines in the vicinity. On the next day's march it was something of a relief to leave the ruins of the war zone. Brainville, Puxe, Jeandelize, Conflans and Abbeville, were passed and Fleville (3rd Bn.) and Ozer- ailles (2nd Bn.) provided billets. Due to a circuitous route necessitated by a bad road, the only battalion to make its objective was the 1st, which marched through Gondrecourt to Bouligny. On December 1st, with fair weather and good roads a trip to Xivray-Circourt (Hq., 2nd and 3rd Bn.) and to Mercy-le-bas for the first 52 REGIMENTAL HISTORY battalion was an easy march and there was time to spare to clean up equipment and ma- teriel. The next day, starting as usual about eight o'clock, a hilly and picturesque road took us through Joppecourt, Mortfontaine to Vil- lers-le-Montagne. Although we found the streets of these towns decorated, the enthusi- asm of the people appeared to be exhausted, partly by previous celebrations and partly by a forlorn depression over their ruined fortunes, for the Germans had stripped the country of all its live-stock, food and other valuables. That night the First Battalion went to Harcourt, just beyond Villers-le-Montagne. The route of march on December 3rd took the regiment through the industrial towns of Longwy and Mt. St. Martin. Crossing the Belgian border at Aubange, we continued to Messancy, where we were billetted for the night. Here the people appeared far different from those in northern France, having enough food and still retaining most of their livestock. Though the men were crowded and the horses were on the picket lines, the night was a hospitable one. The next day we left Belgium near Arlon and entered wooded country in Luxemburg. Some long hills and rainy weather made the trip to Saeul and Brouch (1st Bn.) a hard day's work. Although German became the language of the inhabitants from now on, it was evident that the Luxemburgers were well disposed toward REGIMENTAL HISTORY 53 OUR OLD FRIEND, THE ARMY MULE A HALT FOR THE TEN MINUTE REST ON THE MARCH 54 REGIMENTAL HISTORV US. A call to arms at Saeul that night caused a stir, and when it was learned that the call was merely for practice, some unfavorable com- ments were heard from travel-worn members. The following" day's "hike" was also pic- turesque, and though hilly, the excellent roac's continued through Brouch, Buschdorf, Boe- vange, Bissen and Colmar. In the latter place we passed the castle of the Duchess, who shortly afterward was deposed in favor of a Republic. The Regiment was billeted that night partly in Schieren and partly in Ettel- bruck. where excellent treatment was given us. THE INDISPENSABLE TRAVELLING KITCHEN The eighth day out brought us through the most interesting country of the trip and into the most ancient of the towns. We passed R E G I Jvl E N T A L HISTORY 55 through the City of Diekirch and thence through Tandel and Fouhren, over the hills and suddenly down into the valley of the Sauer River, where V^ianden was located. Here the regiment had a pleasant stay. In the evening a civilian band made the rounds of the towni followed by the greater part of the population, forming a torch-light procession. Leaving Vianden at eight o'clock on Decem- ber 7th, a quarter of an hour brought us across the German border. Obersgegen, Geichlingen and Sinspelt were the first towns passed and we arrived at Oberweis at 3 :30 in spite of the rain and stretch of bad road. The townspeople showed no hostility. As we found in all of the rural districts of the Rhineland. food was THE FIF.ING BATTERY 56 REGIMENTAL HISTORY plentiful. It appeared that the absence of the men had not prevented the cultivation of the land, due to the fact that the women were well accustomed to manual labor in the fields. Having been constantly on the road during the previous nine days and having covered about 190 kilometers, the tenth day was spent in Oberweis and nearby towns in resting, cleaning up and reshoeing. On the 9th the regiment left Oberweis at 8 o'clock and marched through Bitburg, which was the Third Army Headquarters, and through Er- dorf, to Badem (1st Bn.), Pickliessem (3rd Bn.) and Spangdahlem (Hq. and 2nd Bn.), in which towns the regiment was billetted for five days. The towns were dirty and inconvenient, and the orders for the subsequent move were fortunate for us. On the 15th we retraced our march to Bitburg and then took the Echternach road to Wolsfeld (2nd Bn. and Supply Co.), Alsdorf (3rd Bn.) and Niederweis (Hq.) and Irrel (1st Bn.). In these towns, the regiment remained, and celebrated the holiday season. No trouble was experienced with the inhabi- tants, and the Christmas and New Year cele- brations were none the less merry for being spent in hostile territory. The long march into Germany was accom- plished without any unfortunate incident. No material was abandoned and only four animals REGIMENTAL HISTORY 57 "WSS^^ w^^ fe •xk; ^^^L»rl>J?i!S£iif^^^^S^HI9^Bi^^^ ■M^ ^B "'.^^H^^ PKh ■^<.>.. ^^^^^«^^ ^^HnHHSkHMii^^ ■ •'■ ^- -^i^^nn THE VALLEY OF THE SAUER RIVEK THE POST ON THE BRIDGE AT ECHTERNACH GUARD DUTY ON THE LUXEMBURG BORDER 58 REGIMENTAL HISTORY Avere lost on the march. The organization and arrangements for the march included a moving supply base, deliveries of forage being made "by truck. Very little was requisitioned from the inhabitants. Billets were apportioned by daily advance billetting parties. One of the successful aspects of the march was the fact that the men w^ere under cover every night, and never pitched shelter camps in the open, which was fortunate in view of the consistently wet weather experienced. Even in the case of the animals, outdoor picket lines were the excep- tion. During January the regiment carried out a systematic training schedule. Changes in per- sonnel included the transfer of Lt.-Col. Joseph C. King, who had been with us since November, to detached service for several months. Occa- sional maneuvres were held, and novelty was introduced into the training by the receipt of motors for the long postponed motorization of the regiment. One of the principal duties of the regiment at this time was the maintenance of a guard along the Sauer River which was the border of. Luxemburg. Details from each battalion were stationed in Echternach and other towns along the border for two week periods, the chief duty being to regulate traf- fic, prevent smuggling, and preserve order. The winter months in these small agricul- tural towns were bv no means severe. Although REGIMENTAL HISTORY 59 the quarters and billets for the men were de- cidedly crowded, in some cases very danger- ously so, the regiment came through the sea- son without any serious epidemics. On the recommendation of the regimental surgeon the second battalion was moved out of very close quarters in Alsdorf and took over Holzthum, a picturesque little valley town some distance from the railroad line. Later in the winter, after much delay, mess halls were built in each town, and for the first time since training days the men could eat under cover. It is not to be concluded that the winter was by any means comfortable. The man with a bed was fortu- nate and the man who could keep clean was enterprising. The sanitary conditions in the towns was a constant source of anxiety. The German dooryard consisted invariably of a manure pit, which drained into the cobbled street ; it seemed to be a matter of pride to keep these pits well filled; and it was a fact that the household pump was generally located in the near vicinity. On the other hand, the towns were neat enough in appearance and the streets were swept daily with primitive hand brushes, and the interior of the houses, which were of the whitewashed stone variety, was generally immaculate. The industry of the peasants was as astonishing as their ignorance of the ele- ments of sanitation. GUN SECTION — EIGHT HORSES TO ONE GUN THREE CAISSONS TO ONE TRACTOR THE OLD WAY AND THE NEW REGIMENTAL HISTORY 61 In general the inhabitants gave very little trouble. Grumbling was of course inevitable, for it was necessary to stable our horses in the sheds used as threshing floors, and to park our materiel in their carefully cultivated fields. And naturally the men did not like to be turned out of their beds, especially some of the "prominent citizens". But disciplinary meas- ures were rarely necessary. Householders were occasionally fined for non-compliance with sanitary regulations. Some of the back- country peasants were severely fined for selling home-made "Schnapps" and before the arrival of Spring this latter form of law-breaking was responsible for an incident in which two Ger- mans were accidentally shot. Otherwise, the occupation of our area was peaceable. For in- stance, in the collection of all w^eapons and war material, there was the readiest co-opera- tion on the part of the Germans, and diligent search by patrols in the outlying towns showed no effort at all by the inhabitants to retain fire-arms. It appeared that the habits of the people in obeying the orders of the small offi- cials of the government w^as the secret of their conduct. They were law-abiding to the point of servility. During this period, the routine work con- sisted largel}^ of keeping the regiment in con- dition. Weekly "hikes" were taken, and exer- cises called "maneuvres" were occasionally 62 REGIMENTAL HISTORY ordered for the benefit of the telephone and laison details, and for practice in operations. We were also visited by the General of the Brig^ade in his rounds of inspection, which meant a period of busy preparation, and as a final event in the career of the regiment as horse artillery, there was a horse show in Bit- burg- in which a number of our teams qualified for the Brigade and Division horse shows. Our horses had stood the march from France very well and we had since received new horses and mules, which, though unwelcome because of the labor involved in their care, gave us a fairly presentable appearance. The troubles of the veterinaries were oppressive however, for there was a great deal of mange among the horses and it became necessary to "dip" all of the animals several times in the huge vat at Bit- burg, a very arduous and disagreeable task. At times too, the stables were so overcrowded that the horses had to be kept on picket lines in the streets or in the muddy fields, and this was productive of kicking with its attendant ills. Another source of difficulty was the very serious shortage of hay throughout the A. E. F. Our troubles in this direction were, however, finally relieved by the long-delayed arrival of tractors and motor vehicles toward the middle of March. The men and officers undertook the transformation with zest and it was only a week or so before the regiment was on the REGIMENTAL HISTORY 6J TRAIL EIGHT RECEIVING FIRING DATA FIRING PRACTICE ON THE RANGE IN GERMANY 64 REGIMENTAL HISTORY road with its full equipment. That a body of men only superficially and partially trained to handle this equipment was so successful and rapid in learning the operation and mainten- ance of the tremendous quantity of machinery was not at the time considered astonishing, but to those who were familiar with the nature of the problem it will remain a source of satisfac- tion, if not of wonder. A few weeks after receiving the motors the regiment was re- viewed by the Division and by the Corps com- manders, and drew past the reviewing stand in form worthy of a veteran motor corps. During the winter the reconnaissance officers had been busy laying out a target range not far from Oberweis and shortly after motorization each battery was given some brief firing practice. It was necessary to clear several farms in the neighborhood of their inhabitants, and to stop traffic over several roads. The brief practice was somewhat im- peded by the use of old powder charges, but was otherwise successful. Of course during this period the work was not strenuous, and drills were frequently im- possible on account of the weather. Schools were out of the question because of the lack of quarters, although very pretentious schemes were devised for divisional schools and exe- cuted in part in other towns. Because of these REGIMENTAL HISTORY 65 conditions, the problem of recreation became acute. Every village had its canteen and in several of the battalions these formed the nu- cleus for successful recreation rooms. Travel- ling troupes furnished occasional evening en- tertainment, the best of these being ''show^s" organized by the men of the Division. Some of the "Y" and Knights of Columbus entertain- ers ventured as far as our towns during the season, but naturally these companies v^ere re- served for the larger audiences and better facil- ities afforded by the large tov^ns and leave centers. Most of the real recreation consisted in get- ting away from our area on leave. There were trips to Coblenz, to Trier, and into France to the leave areas and Paris. The allowance was very generous, and if every man in the regi- ment did not have one or more leaves it was not for lack of opportunity. Almost everyone took all the leave he could get, for although the travelling facilities were anything but com- fortable, and although the quarters provided at the leave centers were rarely much better than our own, nevertheless, the change from tne monotony of the rural villages was very grate- ful. And so it happened that large groups of men and officers took trips up the Rhine and through France, and spent week-ends in Trier and Coblenz and longer leaves in Nice and Paris. Some few got as far as England and Italy. (6 REGIMENTAL HISTORY EVERYONE WORKED IN GERMANT Scene in Wolsfeld The weather was not favorable to athletics. But in spite of this the regiment maintained its reputation. The division football team which won the championship of the entire American Expeditionary Forces, included three members from the 342nd, who were the individual star- of the team. The regiment also won the Divi- sion soccer footl)all championship. And at the time we received orders to entrain we were making ready to defend our title to the cup which had been presented to the Regiment at Borceaux as A. E. F. baseball champions. 'lies. Capt. Weiss, \ Vliitall. Lt. Tlialtix '-,eii-is, Lt. .linirj-. GROUP OF OFFICERS AT CAMP UPTON Slamlim,. Jeff to vi„hf lA Dowjlas Lt II\UUhr, lA. BIclock, dipt. Androp. Ll . Povrll. JA . McCalcb. JA. .Ir„es. Capt. Weiss. Capt. Q-Fallo,,. Capl. .I„„nrp. lA.-Col. .lol,„so„. lA.-Col. Kinf,. Ocncra] Xvfjnit. Col. llnin-.rll. Major llmulUtu. Major lln/.voii Capt. Lr]n,unn<. Capt. Q-Harn. lA. .folnison, Lt. Mair. Capt. Everett. Lt. Knapp. Lt. ^Vliitall. Lt. Tlialma,,. Lt. VIVi.s.scH («>.». Capt. .\eale. Capt. Clu,l,h. KneeVou,. left to rUjht : Capt. Creivs. Lt. Carry. JA. Pears. Lt. Amernmn. L< . Uastwus. lA. Fast. Lt. l^rhofleld. Lt. Geo. Clark. Lt. ./. .1. Clark. Capt. Paine. Lt. Uvis. Lt. Miller. lA. Con.lie. Lt. Fo.r. Lt. Fer„nso„. L, . Main,. Lt. l;u,„er. Lt . Comslo.-k. Lt. Crane. Lt . Lintlsi-ii. REGIMENTAL HISTORY 67 VI. EMBARKATION ORDERS APRIL brought some real developments. Rumors of the departure of other divi- sions were followed by their actual de- parture. The publication of the order in which the Divisions were to leave gave some idea that we were not entirely out of the running. And finally the rumor was confirmed that we were to leave sometime in May. With the arrival of this news and the advent of more cheerful weather, the aspect of affairs became very perceptibly dift"erent. The final events of our occupation began with an inspection by the Corps Commander, which marked the completion of our prelimin- ary training with motor traction. The entire regiment was motorized at this time, tractors being used for the guns and caissons, trucks for the supply trains and motorcycles and cars for transportation of the personnel. This new equipment made an excellent appearance, stretching for more than a mile down the road, and we were complimented upon the result. No one regretted the change except that it came so late. Shortly after this review Colonel Biscoe was transferred to duty in France, leaving the 68 REGIMENTAL HISTORY Regiment on the 13th of April, and shortly thereafter Lieut.-Col. King took command, and remained so in command until Colonel Otto L. Brunzell joined his command at Brest for the voyage to New York. The following final order issued by Colonel Biscoe upon his departure from the regiment will serve as a brief review of the period in which he was in command : Headquarters 342nd Field Artillery American Expeditionary Forces Niederweis, Germany April 12th, 1919. General Order Number ... 3 Colonel Earl Biscoe hereby relinquishes command of the 342nd Field Artillery. He wishes to express to the officers and men of the command his deep appreciation of their devotion to duty and constant loyalty to the regiment. At the time he assumed command, on Sep- tember 3rd, 1918, the regiment had acquired an enviable reputation through its athletic prowess and other activities, for unfailing re- liability and high morale. That this reputa- tion is deserved, was amply demonstrated by REGIMENTAL HISTORY 69 the excellent record of the regimenr in train- ing, by its fighting efficiency at the front, and by the discipline sustained since entering the Army of Occupation. Throughout the period of hostilities the Regiment accomplished well, every mission assigned to it; the march into Germany complied with the highest standards of march discipline; and during the trying period in hostile territory the command has met every test with credit to itself and to the Division, overcoming, with remarkable adapti- bility, the problems incident to motorization. After eight months of continuous service in the field with this organization. Colonel Biscoe takes his departure with the utmost regret. This order will be read to all officers and men of the command at the next formation. EARL BISCOE, Colonel, Field Artillery The final and most striking event of the oc- cupation took place on April 23rd when the entire Division assembled at Trier for a review by General Pershing. Apparently no one had ever heard of a motorized regiment formation for review, so the firing batteries were simply drawn up on the aviation field out of the line of march, and the icombat train and other equipment was drawn up on the road, to await REGIMENTAL HISTORY 71 the tour of inspection. The trip to Trier was so long that the units of the regiment were billeted in the vicinity the previous night, and proceeded to their posts on the day of the re- view. One advantage of this disposition of the regiment was that it gave a large part of the personnel an opportunity to see what they had never witnessed before — an entire division in mass formation with all its ecjuipment and martial regalia. It was a splendid and stir- ring sight, to see battalion after battalion of infantry with bayonets set swing past, the line stretching- in either direction as far as the eye could reach. The huge aviation field barely held the men on foot, and the trains and the horse artillery spread over the surrounding fields. After the review and the award of decorations and medals, the men assembled from every side in the great Zeppelin shed on the field and listened to addresses from Gen- eral Pershing, General Summerall and Secre- tary Baker, receiving commendation from their military chiefs and thanks from Secretary Baker on behalf of the folks at home. This occasion assumed added importance in the eyes of all concerned on account of the al- most simultaneous announcement of entrain- ing orders. It was finally announced defi- nitely that we were to entrain at Erdorf be- ginning May 11th. And if the task of prepara- tion and of turning in all of our motor equip- 72 REGIMENTAL HISTORY ment was difficult, it was certainly not a source of complaint. The guns were hauled all the way to the Rhine and the balance of the equipment was parked at a central point on the railroad. In the meanwhile typewriters were tapping busily far into the night, new clothing was being issued and other prepara- tions were completed. The trip from Erdorf was made this time in the larger American box cars and travel was somewhat more comfortable, if the word is applicable at all, than the usual trip over French railroads. Our destination was Brest, and to the satisfaction of everyone there was no intermediate stop. Our experiences at Brest were even more satisfactory. Whatever that camp may have been in the height of its sensational days, it was a model of efficiency at the time of our homeward trip. The speed with which men were put through the routine of examination, delousing, and outfitting was astonishing. The manner in which the clerical staff supervised, checked and approved the mass of papers and documents (which ap- peared to be indispensable to any large move- ment of American troops) was sufficiently expeditious to satisfy the most impatient man in the camp. Forty-eight hours after arrival of the last unit we were actually embarking at the port. The entire regiment sailed on one of the ships temporarily taken over from the REGIMENTAL HISTORY 75 Germans for the express purpose of troop transport — the former North German Lloyd steamship, "Prinz Friederich Wilhehii 11". The quarters were much better than those coming over and the trip, except for consider- ably more seasickness, was enjoyed by every- one. Entertainment was provided and the food was much better, naturally, then was afforded by the galley of the "Justicia". The arrival in New York on May 27th, was without event. We were sent immediately to Camp Upton for distribution to the various camps for demobilization. This process con- sumed considerably more time than we thought necessary and. judging by the amount of fatigue and police that was assigned, the stay was of more benefit to the Camp than to the Regiment. Finally, however, the rosters were made up and detachments sent out to the demobilization camps all over the states. Of the total number nearly three-fourths returned to Camp Funston, a fact that indicates the comparative stability of the personnel of the regiment throughout its career. June 6th was the date of this final distribution, and within a week the regiment was discharged and on the final journey to civilian life and the pursuits of peace. R E G T AI E N T A L HISTORY 75 OO 00 oo c, ON CO ON . :^cSC c < CM -!l" CO c' o • iH -p y < s c O H ^ U dj < ^ « 2 ;3 1"^ Q '^ .^ 1^ rt i^ ^ o ^ o '-' o LO CO m ^ _ . 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J:: i; ti ji >; rt n! rt oj -Cpqpqmeq •— ; (U c; _> >_> ~'C u C t- CCLiCLiOnq-l U cq — ^^ 5^ « J .. 2 =« t^ < CL, c/2 Uh I/! ffi m tn w u 76 REGIMENTAL HISTORY 00 00 00 00 00 On On On On • On ^^^^00^0000^^^ 00 00 On 00 Q\ =0 ^' -,r -^- _- ^- ON ^ T" TT* On ON ^•^ On Ov ^ "S, G. a a. ■ S^ i) u a> a> c c c n >i w y a> (u u y o o iT fc rt rt rt rt = f« = c :: := c3 [iHtofciiHp[;^[£;[£;fctu C U (U V V 0) scene III iJ (ij eq CQ cc m pq ■- u c o^MMmmracQcQ^^. 00 00 ON On -' ^- ^- O ^ ^ ^ O OJ c c -k-" ^ p., ctf rt rt rt rt rt :2;2z;z;;z;2;2^2;2;:2; ?5 0! *-* ^ u^ Z 2 ^ fc rt ON rt On 2 2 :^ 2 o ^ -c m E-i E-i . 00 00 °o rt On rt o\ cS 0\ u^ fc ::::::::::: : : : : : : : : o ^ ^ < < < < < <■ <■ <■ <■ < < < < < < < <■ < < Q d d fc to fc fe fc fc fc fc fe tu t- tL<' " fc to to to to to' to' ZCn) (VJ CM (V) t\j rv) C\j (\j i» i^j 2J '» <^1 (M (M C^l r\j eg (M O ^ '^ < < < < cq" ra ffi K p3 u Q c: g' d" g q w' w' w J^ EE.><>«>>>N >.>■>>>.>. >>.^'>. >. >.>.>.>> >. >» rtrtx:;t:;t:;j:;t^t;t;:St:it;i^S t^ t^titrlti ti ti Jj •— OJ _• (U O Ph U W ►^ K 2 (V £ o a> a> o *" > o > ^ > . > > > O Ci^ 0^ Qi^ P^ P^ P^ oCuPhPh ■ u Dh u n oi a a ^_ PQ ai ^ . ^ 2 ^ ^ < X ^; S K 5 t, ^ S to' H as as £ '^ w 5 ^ to ■^ =: < ca N^ X P^ pa2;uuto:4cQc/3SH0iC'y: H u 4j (U O rt rt rt Ph to to to to U ^ m > W > to'S u ^ W ^; H s < O K- BS *-^ H O M ^ "— » ^— . o ^ c/; ^ &< r ^ to REGIMENTAL HISTORY n 1918. . 25, (M CM CM to eg lO CM CM CM CM lO CM o 00 rs CM ^ o o O (J O (J O o 'J o o o o • 00 . . . . . . ^ . ^ . ^ CO ^^ to P3 P3 fe H to to C/2 u u u u u u. tf u u \~ u 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 o O O O O O O O O O O u u o CJ CJ (J o u CJ o o >; >; 3 3 3 3 n n 3 3 w w 03 .2 rt OS .2 .S OS .2 .2 .2 .2 rt rt rt On OS a\ rtC^ niOs z;:2:2:2;2;:2;:2;;z;:2; Q to CO < o to to' to' to' to' to' to' to' to' to' to' to' to' (N <>J (M CM (M OJ Ol C^l i-nJ § < W O ffi to to u u > d 3. to to to to tol P^ ^ G to to u o > 78 REGIMENTAL HISTORY C C c c c c t. tn t^ fc H _^ ^ rtCN rtCN rtCN cjC> rtCN .-:;Cn rtC\ reO ojCn ^Cn c^C\ OJf— t O'— Qj'"' CJ"— ' O'"' 0^1— I qji-H Qji— ' Qj»— ' oji— I o*"" ;^ :2; Q en CO < www t. t. w w w w t- w W tn « 25 tt ra cq a CG pq CO Cl, o C-< Cm u — 0-1 tLl 7, ^ s: < ^ O (:, ^ - 2 , LJ < /-, ^_H - ^- Lj O f^ O o pa W W I-! U « t. < fc u R E G I :\I E X T A L HISTORY' 79 APPENDIX B The following excerpts from the "Artillery Plan of Defense" of the sector occupied by the Regiment, will serve to indicate the larger functions of the artillery with some details of execution. It will be noted that the "annexes" are omitted; these annexes consisted for the most part of large diagrams or tracing maps, showing- areas and objectives for fire, the line of barrage, and the like. Space prohibits their reproduction here. SECRET TO BE IN THE PERSONAL POSSESSION OF BATTALION COMMANDERS AT ALL TIMES. ARTILLERY PLAN OF DEFENSE LIMEY-FLI REV-PANNES SECTOR 164th F. A. BRIGADE o42nd FIELD ARTILLERY Chapter III-b-2 BARRAGE BY THIS REGIMENT FIRED ONLY ON REGIMENTAL ORDER „ , ,._ (5 min. at 2 rounds per piece per minute. For the lo5mm < ., . ^ - , . . ^ |D mm. at 1 round per piece per mmute. The zones of the normal barrage arc shown graphicalh' in Annex I. 80 REGIMENTAL HISTORY "III CONTINGENT BARRAGES Three cases of attack are foreseen for which barrages will be prepared. Case I presumes a frontal attack which has penetrated the outpost line to the line of resistance. The barrage, will be laid down as shown in Annex I-a. Case II presumes a flank attack from the left. The barrage lines are indicated in Annex I-b. Case III presumes a flank attack from the right. The barrage lines, are indicated in Annex I-c. The cadence will be the same as that of the normal bar- rage when first called for. For a repetition the cadence will be: For the ISSmm. 1 rd., per piece per minute for 10 minutes. The normal cadence will be designated Cadence No. 1, the other, Cadence No. 2. Cadence No. 2 presumes fire over a longer period with a series of repetitions. It is understood that if a continual discharge of rockets shows the attack to be very severe, Cadence No. 1 will be used exclusively. REGIMENTAL HISTORY 81 IV COOPERATION WITH NEIGHBORING DIVISIONS 1. Assistance to the divisions on the left and right of this sector is indicated in Annex Il-a. When assistance is given the barrage lines and concentrations w^ill be shifted as indi- cated in this Annex. 2. The assistance to the Division on the left (39th Divi- sional Artillery, French) is designated "Barrage Chauffour." It will be delivered on order from these Headquarters, or when received directly by the proper Battalion Commanders from the C. O. Divisional Artillery on the left. One Battery of the 2nd Battalion, 342nd F. A. will deliver a concentration fire with two guns on cross roads near 7804, and two guns on the cross roads near 7305. For the ISS's the rate will be two rounds per piece per minute. "Barrage Chaufifour" will be repeated once without order if conditions on the left indi- cate to the Battalion Commander the necessity for this repeti- tion. After one repetition fire will be continued only upon orders from these Headquarters, or upon request from the French Division. 3. The assistance to the Division on the right (90th Divi- sion, 5th F. A. Brigade) is designated "Barrage A". It will be delivered on order from these Headquarters or when called for directly by the C. G. Divisional Artillery on the right. The 3rd Battalion, 342nd F. A. will deliver a con- centration fire on Buret Ferme, with one battery. The rates. of fire will be as indicated in the preceding paragraphs. 4. Assistance rendered to this Division by the Divisions. on the left and right is indicated in Annex Il-b. 82 R E G I M E N T A L H I S T O R Y Chapter IlI-b-2 V COUNTER OFFENSIVE PREPARATION Counter offensive preparation in front of the line of out- posts (Normal) will be called for (1) at the command of the Divisional Artillery Commander or (2) on the responsibility of the Regimental or Battalion Commanders when communi- cations are severed. Counter offensive preparation in front of the line of resistence will be given (1) at the command of the divisional Artillery Commander or (2) at the request of the Infantry when transmitted by telephone from the Com- mander designated in the Divisional plan of defense. The objectives of the counter offensive preparation are shown graphically in Annex III. Counter offensive prepara- tion will be first on these targets, but it is understood that as cOon as the situation develops the fire will be made to con- verge so as to defend the points most seriously menaced as indicated by the continual discharge of rockets. If counter offensive preparation is requested a second time it will be repeated by beginning on the objectives used the first ti r.e. unless during the first period certain objectives have shown themselves as being of more importance than others. Counter offensive preparation will consist of a 15 minute period of fire, at the rate of 1 round per piece per minute for the 155's. The 155 howitzers will at all times be laid on their normal counter offensive preparation targets, unless they are actuallv firing. R E G I AI E X T A L HISTORY 8.5 VI HARASSING FIRE Harassing fire will be executed according to a schedule established daily b}' the Regimental Commander based on information from these Headquarters. The degree of haras- sing is limited by the daily expenditure of ammunition fixed by Army Corps Order. For the present. U) rounds per gun per day for 115mm howitzers constitute the allowance tor Divisional Artillerj- for haras- snig, interdiction and reprisal fires. The objectives for harassing fire will be designated eacn day by the Regimental Commanders after a careful studv of the aerial photographs covering their sector, and according to the daily intelligence reports. This harassing fire will be preferably executed during the night or at a suitable time fixed by the Regimental Commanders; as for instance when traffic is heavier or at the hours used for bringing supplies to the hostile battery positions or the hostile infantry. The method of fire will be a succession at irregular inter- vals of short violent volleys. The employment of several euns firing simultaneouslv is advisable. 84 REGIMENTAL HISTORY Chapter III-b-2' VII INTERDICTION FIRE Fire for interdiction will be executed round by round with 75's or 155's on points where passage of troops or traffic is obligatory, as bridges, roads forks, villages and railroad tracks. The most important qualities of interdiction fire are regularity and carefully corrected trajectories to insure ac- curacy. The principal interdiction fires will involve well planned concentration on sensitive points. Experience has shown when a certain number of rounds are to fired in a given length of time by a battery, especially during the nighty the gun crews fire their rounds in a short time and then rest for the remainder of the alloted period. Schedules giving the actual minute of fire should be prepared by the battery Com- manders. REGIAIENTAL HISTORY 85 VIII REPRISAL FIRE Since it is impossible to stop completely hostile artillery iire by counter battery work, schedules of reprisal fire are pre- pared; the purpose of which is to deliver on a corresponding point in the enemy territory a stronger and more effective fire than that delivered by them on our territory. Reprisals must be immediate, and will be fired on authority from these Headquarters. Notification of bombardment at any point within the lines should be sent to these Headquarters at once in order to effect a suitable reprisal. Hostile Target Category A Reprisal Target Unit Firing St. Benoit Hageville LaMarche LaChaussee Pannes LaChaussee Xammes St. Julien Bouillonville Chamble}' Euvezin Xonville Essey Sponville Thiaucourt Chambley The method of reprisal fire for the 89th Divisional Artillery will be two rounds per piece per battalion fired with the maximum rapidity of the material. If the bombardment is not stopped by the reprisal fire, the reprisal will be continued by firing double the number of rounds, fired by the enemy, using the hostile cadence. 2nd Bn. 342nd F.A. 2nd Bn. 342nd F.A. 2nd Bn. 342nd F.A. 3rd Bn. 342nd F.A. 3rd Bn. 342nd F.A. 2nd Bn. 342nd F.A. 2nd Bn. 342nd F.A. 2nd Bn. 342nd F.A. 86 REGIMENTAL HISTORY CHAPTER III-b-2. IX CO-OPERATION WITH AVIATION. 1. Liaison between the artillery and aviation until further orders will cover five cases: Scheduled Adjustments. Rapid Adjustments. Fugitive targets. Precision Fire. Zone Fire. Scheduled Adjustments. 2. The liaison ofiicer of the Aero Squadron attached to the 89th Division will arrange regular schedules of adjust- ment with Regimental or Battalion Commanders. Each morning the squadron will notify the headquarters of the 89th Divisional Artillery if the adjustment scheduled cannot take place, due to bad visibility or meteorological conditions, and Vv^ill suggest a possible hour later in the day. Radio officers and battery commanders will take every precaution to establish communication with the plane when it is up, even though it is impossible to hre. The system of communication will be as follows: The plane will leave the aerolrome giving the regimental, or the battalion calls. For e.xample, he will send K99. K99. BTO, 4731, REG. IDE K99 is the regimental or battalion call; BTO, the target to be fired on (in this case a battery); 4731, the co-ordinates of the target; REG, registration; IDI, plane available. L'pon hearing its call, the regiment or battalion will display its panel, upon hearing the message, it will dis- play the panel of the battery with which it desires to make the registration. The plane calls the battery in a similar manner, asking for fire on the target where co-ordinates are R E G I :M E X T A L HISTORY 87 given. If the battery has a target upon which it desires to fire, it can give the co-ordinates by regular method. Any Latteries desiring adjustments will ma.. e the fact known to the Liaison Officer from the Aeroplane Squadron and the ad- justment will b.^ carried out, visibility permitting. It is understood that the plane wi.l at all times look for commands by panel from the brigade, the regiment or the battalion. Rapid Adjustments. 3. For rap'd adjustments, the squadron will be notified by wireless, telephone or AIDS that a rapid adjustment is wanted, the co-ordinates of the target being given. If visi- bility permits, the plane will be over the panels sending the battery call at the hour reciuested. As soon as the re- ceiving set is properly tuned, the "Understood" panel will be displayed. The observer will ask, "Is the batter}- ready?" The "Battery ready" panel will be displayed at the battery, and the observer will signal "Fire." On firing, the "Battery has fired" panel will be displayed. Three salvos, with an in- terval of two seconds between rounds and an interval of fif- teen seconds between salvos is required. The observer will report the mean point of impact for twelve rounds ..nd in case of an irregular sheaf wil report the gun out of adjustment and the amount. An interval of five seconds between salvos will be used for 75's. With 75's three fires of twelve rounds each should adjust the firing for the target or should give the correction which will place the fire on the target. If these are not satisfactory this method will be continued until the battery or observer signal^: "Con- inuous fire for effect," during which time the observer will make reports on the result of fire. 88 REGIMENTAL HISTORY Fugitive Targets 4. The second Battalion of the 341st F. A. (75's) and the second Battalion of the 342nd F. A. (155's) are assigned to fugitive target work. They will at all times be ready to fire at the request of the Artillery Surveillance Plane. The fire will be controlled as described in the foregoing. Measures will be taken by fugitive target battalions to increase their fields of fire, both laterally and in range, to the maximum. The use of D shells will be developed in the 75's for distant missions. Battery Commanders in fugitive target battalions are authorized to use the necessary ammunition for adjust- ments and fire for effect in collaboration with airplanes. Precision Fire 5. For precision fire paragraphs 56 to 68 inclusive, aerial observation pamphlet May 1918, #80, revised, with omission of pp. 65, will be used. Zone Fire 6. The supervision of Zone Fire by the airplane observer will be made in a general waj'. The different zones on which the artillery is firing will be reported to him by co- ordinates, and if any shots fall outside of these zones, he will inform the proper P. C. with reference to east, west, north or south of the central part of the zone. REGIMENTAL HISTORY 89 General Remarks 7. In each of the preceding cases the plane will drop weighted messages at the panels, reporting the result of the fire. The Battery will report this result at once to these Headquarters. Panel details of the battalions will include at least 3 men for the handling of the panels. The amount of gasoline the planes can carry and the distance it comes seriously limits the time it can be in the air, hence the handling of the panels must be expeditious. For the same reason ample provision must be made for per- fect telephone liaison between radio station panels, battery commander and battery. Even in the face of the shortage of telephone equipment, temporary arrangements must be made to cover these contingencies. 90 R E G I A[ E N T A L HISTORY CHAPTER III XI Artillery Movement in Case of Advance or Withdrawal At the beginning of any action the echelons will be brought to covered positions in the vicinity of the batteries. These positions must be reconnoitered in advance, and if necessary prepared, and the approaches must be such that the positions can be occupied without hostile observation. In any advance or retrograde movements of guns, the prin- cipals of movement by echelon will be observed, in each Regi- ment. Commanding Officers will give this matter immedi- ate study with a view to providing for the orderly and timelj- movements of either Batteries or battalions under the prott-ct- ing fire of the guns remaining in position. Routes o',-cr ^■■hich units must move in changing positions will be carefully studied and the positions reconnoitered, and if necessary, pre- pareu. .-\11 roads are available for artillery' movements, but in order to reduce to a minimum congestion of traffic, reconnaissance will be made with a view to executing the necessary move- ments as far as possible off the main roads. The Axial road for the west sector is the road St. Benoit- Beney-Pannes-Essey-Maizerias - St. Boussant - Seicheprey- Beaumont-Mandres-Hamonville-Ausanville. Troops in posi- tion west of a X-S line, through Beney, will '^onrine them- selves to this road and roads west thereof. ff B (g) ITM^ ft N T^k^I T K 1 ^^li (g g # ^'^ SERVICE l&^ SUPPLY Upon requisitioi^^Di^i^^^wxi^rj^^ij^nitions officer the army furnishes ammunition to the army corps park, from which the divisional dump is supplied. -%§nl%f'(f(6^^?rgftr ¥RF W^i§l#'3(^#ce^/^life" ^^^^ '^ffi^\?ni- tS^filvfr^fiiihjitfB-'ki-HitiufflflMi ^aV^^ri^^^y^ tb ?Ae^d,i?i?^! ^I?qr^We ft?i?R8mtt^n6?i -^SsiKbii^' ^"'oq Ytdmaaes ariT .anil inoil srO eie>i-m^flc^'-'Wter^pJft-'^u^flli^'^fM)tl^ t^^^aivi1f(i?i'a'f''o;cf-^ A9n6!6'i6ffl6^:'^ H'AtieFliiJ'''8M'^s ^"fflfc Woftle "tellHge^ ^^^'ii" ai^^^'^f^iSs^^^m^S'Sf^^ ^fi^iilft"^tte*f)"^ftl?"°^ -"^"'^^ ^''''^^ nariw cT^briBmmoo iBJriomiggi io noiJ-jioaib ari} niriJiw Bail -loini nsriV/ .ajlnst io aonaeaiq aril aonuonnE siaviaado orii noiJBifiqaiq laJnuoo ,§nivom 91b gjfnfit Jsrit aamoD noitBiri eiadilBD lis io yTalliliB vd b^luoov.o ad Iliv/ agfinfid laJst bnx: z-Ansi 3dl seed nl .^nivom ais ajfriBj ariJ aiariw anos ariJ ni ni balBaonoa siwg .vUnBhii ariJ lo anil JaoqtiJO ariJ aJfiiianaq .aift ioaiib Hiiv/ madJ no baan ad Iliw enotiisoq biBv/-ioi ->lnBft TalBi briB abslrina avig oj sb oa bifil ad Ilrw gang aaariT .e>InBi adJ toI rioBoiqqB io eattroi aldBdoiq odi -lavo sii\ s"' baiaJionnooai naad avBri anng >{nBJ-iJnB loi enoitiaoq aviH -Oer.Id?, :0^c.HS-a^Q.df. :OOI>f^S-00&.rd?; :00]^.HS-002.SA8 1b yd baialionnooai ad Iliw a-iadlO .eQO.a^S-EIS.IdS :CS8.HS baiiupai 9d Iliw enug aniriaBrrr ov/T .aiabnBmmoa lBJnarrti§ai dairnui Iliw viJriBini adJ bnB iwg rioBa io aanaiab adJ loi .fioiJibbK ni nooJBlq ilBd b to nooJBlq ano baiaJionnooai e>d Iliw aifl Jaaiib loi aldfiJioa atnamaoBlqrrrS ni baiquaao ad oJ ^yjoiUid odi io vJiniaiv alBibammi adJ ni .jIobJJb 'AriBl Iniaaaaoua io aaBa 92 REGIMENTAL HISTORY XIII ANTI-TANK DEFENSE Enemy tanks usually assemble previous to attack at a dis- tance of from 4 to 5 kilometers from the front line while actual starting point for the attack is about 1000 meters from the front line. The assembly point for enemy tanks opposite the division sector can usually be foretold, hence observers should constantly be on the lookout for the occupation of these points. Concentrated fire upon these points of assembly lies within the discretion of regimental commanders when the observers announce the presence of tanks. When infor- mation comes that tanks are moving, counter preparation and later barrage will be executed by artillery of all calibers in the zone where the tanks are moving. In case the tanks penetrate the outpost line of the infantry, guns concealed in forward positions will be used on them with direct fire. These guns will be laid so as to give enfilade and later flank- ing fire over the probable routes of approach for the tanks. Five positions for anti-tank guns have been reconnoitered at 362.500-244.400: 361.300-244.100: 36.975-244.570: 361.190- 244.825: 361.215-245.095. Others will be reconnoitered by regimental commanders. Two machine guns will be required for the defense of each gun and the infantry will furnish one platoon or a half platoon in addition. Emplacements suitable for direct fire will be reconnoitered in the immediate vicinity of the battery, to be occupied in case of successful tank attack. REGIMENTAL HISTORY W CHAPTER XV PLAN OF LIAISON 1. Liaison with infantry — The plan of liaison with infan- try furnished by the artillery of this division is shown in Annex IV. Liaison officers will make it their duty to obtain and or- ganize from the infantry O. P.'s information which is of value to the artillery. It is particularly important that re- ports on working parties, troops or traffic movements or other enemy activity, with which it is suitable for artillery to deal, be properly reported. Artillery liaison officers will make this their special mission. In addition, they will attempt to make clear to the infantry with whom they are working the restric- tions and possibilities of artillery as an arm of the service. Whenever reports arrive demanding artillery co-operation the following data must be furnished: 1 . The mission asked of the artillery. 2. The time. 3. The location of the target by co-ordinates, if possible, or with reference to some well known point on the map. 4. If a moving target is reported, whose direction can be foretold (Supply Train on road for example) the co-ordinates of the point they will reach eventually will be reported. At the time they reach that point, the infantry will report immediately so that their guns already laid may fire on the target at the proper moment. Liaison officers can make the artillery a strongly offensive arm of the service if the proper cooperative steps are taken. 9gC IYB5GD[1V[2H]HTJS.A.TBCESLTIGDIH^ Whenever the front lines or supports of the infantry are subjected to hostile bomi^g^djpiiltgti*3HQ»asion officer will make every endeavor to provide the following information: 1. Kind of shefl^9?5^el-, ^s?^^ft. E. or shrapnel). -n£?ni itiHFtozigfi W^'Wl^q arlT— xilnfiini riJiw noaisiJ .1 ni ^7^o^e^•l^mmiPiM\ ^¥iic4?^^{^^m ^^^ c6*^ite'^!Hyi"n\ M^ ^7 • ., r , ./I xannA compass, Y-aznnuth, reference to some town or -io bnieftJ^ffooSjth^iJgrWifl-ji) ji 3>l£m Iliv/ aiaoffio noeifiiJ ^° 4! '¥\^'^ m'hWrl'ilBh bt%rt^ X-r1nBtn\ ,di rnoii a.inBS -91 Jfirii IriBJioqmi vhfifuoiJiBq ei Jl .YialliJiE ani oi suIbv ia4io 7.0 gJrpmavom pffl£7:t to eooijiJ .eailiBQ §ni>Iiow no gJioq The first duty of ,the .liasion .omcer .will, be to,. provide an .iBsb oj YialfiilB T.of .aldBfiua 21 ±1. rniny/ nJiv/ ,viivj}3B. xmang accurate traring 01 ±ne outp.gst luie pf the, organization to, siril o-ABmilrfr z-ioomp notifiil viaTpjTA ^LsJ-ioq^T vnaqoTq, ad wnich he is attached for the use, of the Headq-uarters 01 tne,, .9>lBm oJ JqxnsifjB Ulu vani .npiJiboB nl Jioicffim, iBiaaqa iiaril Artillerv Brigade. He will clot a,ccurately on -the map the -DnJeoH arfj ^ai^Tiow aij: v^rn monv/ rifiv/ ■'/^iJnBtni art} cf3 ib^Io poiats tor tinqmg the outpost line by:, day,,and also [the line-, , .93n/i,92 ariJ lo.TrnB riB .cB yJ^siIIijtb to. ebiJaidigaoa briB snoii by nignt, providing,.there is. a dmerence-in the, two lines. Th*A, . noiJETe>q0-O3 visiiitiB -sniDnBrnab ayniB. aiioqsj lavariarry/ informatron must be Kepf up. to gate, by him at, all times and,^ , ... , .D3!TSimuT ^d reurn, btbd sniwoiror arlJ the artillery promptly informed of any changes. Only by such work can the .baarHige l3ri4slbebad(2i5ra*ei5«iarBd3filicieAtly determined. .ami! snl .L Each time the signal for barrage is sent up. by his prganj^za- .•iejldveeog.,11 .aaiBnipiOjoo '/jd 1^iBi aril 10 noiJBpoI ad i , . c tibn ne vvill. rfeport tol5rigaTae rfeadquarters, ana^^to Tleadquar- ^ bdj ao, Jnioa_ nY./on>l Ib.v/ sjnog oi 3:>n9T3i93 niiy/ jo ters or Tiis organization the time, tne Kina of rocket and the point from which the rocket is discharged. ' ^ !i£Q noiiosTib Aeoriv/ .haJToqai si issiBi snivom^j; ll , .^^ Tne, liaison omcer is tne urtermediary between tne infantry 95i^.lJL31"1''"jK/'i9 101 QBoi no riiBi i 'dflqpc) pioJaipl id, , and, the artillerv. ,As sucTi lie. must; cornpTy wjtn vvnatever .vIlBuliiova n:;B>i Mr//- vari) nuoq an} lo .gajsnibio-qo . demands tne infantry , nray. make upon liim. CJn the other , .Jniog JBfii /i3B9i Y3dJ,5rni:t adl }A .faaJioqai.ad lliw ^ h^nd.he is also an ■artillery, officer and in arddifion to trans- iisxn iBiil . 02 ylaJBibajnmi ^iioqai lav/ vilriBtni, aru , mittmg to ,his commanding officei* tne, request 01 the infantry , i9qo,fqj.3ri}.i£ i9a?BJ. odl.np tiiri :i£^n pibi ydbsiIb gnu-g. ^ he will ^urnlsn technical informatron as may be of assistance in preparing the fire. For example, he will report definitely the point at which infantry may desire reprisal fire. He will $'d?f !EfPn^Si^'^v^t)f^rayaas'ifec^^lk^F(i ^^^om^ii^ mm-^, re an REGIMENTAL HISTORY 95 2. Visual Signalling. Communication will be supplemented by a system of visual signalling. Reconnaissance should be made to establish suit- able positions for projectors at points near the outpost line which will be connected by the necessary intermediary sta- tions with the most suitable permanent O-P. Regimental Commanders are charged with establishing one system of visual signalling in that part of the divisional sector assigned to them. Two qualified signal men will be on duty at all times in order to establish visual signalling liaison. Simple codes will be established requesting barrage and signalling that the artillery is firing short. Each time a small operation is planned on the front of the regiment sector, the visual sig- nalling liaison will be verified in advance and a simple code will be established to supplement the discharge of rockets. 3. Telephone Communications. The plan of telephone communications is given in Annex V. 4. Radio Communications. The plan of radio communication is given in VI. REGIMENTAL HISTORY 97 U K.5 2; d S^ b u 14 .-d^ C«'U C^t4 o re MS o s 0} vT D o h4 o •a ^ bO CO O l-H Q Z Oh <3 < a CO =s S ^ <5^o 2 J O OS H •J J OS OS « a w 2 < < eqmm ^ g s 3 c ^; 03 o 2 O ;3 n - OS « oi cQ cn m p5 pq m cQ fS „ J J J 05 \^ ■/R^^(Sif ¥iEf^' I a% vKHiig rgD3R5iy ° • . • • .CO :C Xj .. i<« (^ Tj o . -«■ U "O n' •- O- — - . (H '"* '1-5; ^"^ o O >. CC c _ , _ M li « , Iz w 5 « a! ^ < <; •< .jn J -J J J ^ S. 3- /I '£ '-^ ^ o o ■ o ■ o ■ O or> 3^ ♦ # ♦ * +4- o- 3 z H = < < ■< M W r -J I— > ^ » i- - w * < 2 S^ o J 3 5 S ^ ^ z z D o ^ o p « 3 QQQO * ♦ H: M G) TY^B H N TJA^LT H B S^TI Q> M Y m 03 '-► ~. O III P a; tiii — ■<*5 - rt "O ' 1, {P: 4> Cl ,„ >3 -«« „ iS O O ^ o P i -£ ^ t; r "« 12 S -^ 5 ^ , — C Q>. :2 -3 3- i: : U W f 3, a; - &H a; ^ ti^U " «W d W QQ 5"^ 03:^; ^J= =^ "^ S§6 >, (M) ^ =" '- ^^ o ^ u C ^ C H-1 1^ kJ ty^ orj o L) 1^ 3 C •-I — . < > w W< ^ ^ ^ "5 g !-. (U ^S :^ C/3CA! z< o .h-) w S. < < w S f^ : 2 w 2: S g 3 Q J > « O K H :d o H ,^ . - - O P Hi C J _! O fi-i « M K O O fc O U i/j • m S tD 5 <^ >UKP- 1— . <; o O -J - - ' U> ^ I/; cfi 1/3 Z - (^ Z Z Z S y w 2 Z m 05 ffi W ►^ < o o o c o >— 1' — .i — ,1 — .1— >' — . * * * * * in ^ < « Z J - -J (/3 o >J c/3 Z <; w " R E G I M E N T A L HISTORY 101 go. 111. ouis. Mo. sburg, Ky. tt, Mo. _6 O ouis, Mo. as City, Mo, ton, Texas ,ouis, Mo. ence, Kans. rt, Idaho ence, Kans. lumbus, Ohio A^enport, Iowa naha, Neb. ooklyn, N. Y. ichester, N. Y, aimers, Ind. lebeck, Tenn. It Lake City, ibon, Kans. nnings, Okla. 6 (U i-J b =J t fee ^ ni 3 rt O ':i - u o J -J rt f' o U Q O ffl P^ U Oc/^ W K-. i-i < b be ro On CO r— m =3 CQ -5 CS rt O -rt O ^ ^ 00 Ji O oo rt o c ^> o ji o oo rt , w »,> <, ^ ro U W H^ H I- dj 03 C T3 1^ rt r:;:'^ o O 'i- fM ^ O u-) O O CM C\ ^^ ro OO ^ U oa 2^ rt 'rt u r^ H "o rt rt U J= PQ > m 1^ t/5 o« ..^^ [iT g^ W o" ^ < ia Z J ^ z 2 w g 5 « .^ .►J I m « < « S . K tj < 5r W .K 2 ^ " > < u " c > ? (d w w taJ a w * * * * ffi < w 5 S/1 % 3 a - « . O W H ^ ^ D M O I-" z , . « K Z ^ ^ < >< ., s w o w r5 J -> s g U J >-l Z < < < < ou z§ S « Z: , > o S< < w ^^S i^ a « -i < < ? xuu < < u o 102 EH© rr^£ E N TiA.n H 1 ^.m Q) s 33 tJ 3 55 . "^' — V ^if^ll^-^ - O" ■o n 3 o ■>i4 (Ill 7S r- w -^ 15 .x-c/) r:!siS u bo.: bo -ca J . ^ o "^ =«' "^ 3 tT bo^tfi?:©.2 S" t. 5^ (J OS o ■ 1 ^ :-i2 bo w.Ctr c- B. - J rt 2. : i b!^ 2-^U^ ^, ffim ^^^-OS 0$ ^ n trh- ^^^^ r\ . ^ \ — 1— * *♦■!!■* « S i S " 12 g 5 S g ^ f- fir S (PlTf^a H TJMlT H E3vmGD h -s Mn b eg > o ■^ ^^ '^ w^ " • S »s •a fe •^ ^y^ 3*^ "^ 104 REGIMENTAL HISTORY S3 < a. rt •^ ON ON lO • "^ . "3 • ^ re *^ r-i '^ •— -k-- —^ c5 re HI hJ t/) O (/) t/i H-i o3 -•5 6 - ^ "^ re — .— — - c.-"^ re C c 3 XI be . E o M re c/! re >»c <"<> L- ^ "^ X i « •-; o 03 4fe CM tj J3 o n~ .■S --' 1^ < O 1- U ?: Z T' - ■-; u o I: 3 ^ < < < < z < c « S I— > w o O jrr t/2 H '^ S5 <; 3 3 fe O. 5^ z « < 05 a o 2 « ■ «-< < H -! 3 5 " d '-HI-."-' 0) O Jcci K 13 Q w g g < 3'-' > J w W Z 5£ O c CM REGIMENTAL HISTORY 165 APPENDIX D Permanent Organization, 342nd Field Artillery An association was formed by the officers of the 342nd Field Artillery at Niederweiss, Germany, in April, 1919. It is the aim of this organization to keep former members of the regiment in touch with each other, and to promote that end reunions are held, and a Bulletin, containing information of interest to the members, is published by Captain J. M. Cain, Atchison, Kansas. The Secretary of the Association is our former adjutant. Captain John S. Lehmann, Merchants-La- clede Building, St. Louis, Mo., who has in his possession com- plete records of every man who ever served with the regi- ment. All former members of the regiment are invited to join the Association. BOI Y 5! O T 2 I H J A T Z 3 M I O 3 ^ a xian3qqA bnSI^C adi \o eiaofflo sriJ ^d barmoi cbv/ noiJ£i308e£ nA ei il .QI9I JiiqA ni .YnfirmaO .seiav/iabail^ ie viallbiA blaiT 9fiJ io eTadmam larrnoi q99>l oi noiifisinBgio girlJ io mi£ ariJ bne JfiriJ aJomoiq oJ briB .ladlo riasa riiiv/ riaupJ ni Jnamigai \o fioiJBrmoint §ninr£Jnoo ,niJ3lIu3 £ bn£ .blari ai£ enoinuai ,ni£D .M .1^ nifiiqeD xd barisilduq ei ,2i9dm9m aril oi JganaJni 7i;o ei noi}£iaoegAi ariJ lo yiBitaiaaS ariT .3£en£^ .noeiriaJA -fiJ-eJrifiriaiaM ,nn£rnriaJ .2 nrio[ ni£)qBD .^nciuibfi laTnoi -moa noiesaeaoq eiri ni efiri o;Iw j.oM .sirjoJ .12 ,g;iibliu9 abab -i:§aT aril lil'r/r faaviae '^^J^.^tSy©''*^^ ^lava ^o ebioaai aJalq oj balivni ai£ }nomi§aT^h<7N^^'j>;im)mafn larrno't IIA .inarn .xioilBJaosaA. aril nioj.