LIBRARY OF CONGRESS D0027'^E100D klBRARY OF CONGRESS,! # __ # [FORCE COLLECTION.] ^ I i^f-i . ^ ! UNITED STATES OF AMKRICA. f '^PICTURE OF PHILADELPHIA, OR, A BRIEF ACCOUNT THE VARIOUS INSTITUTIONS AND PUBLIC OFJECTS IN THIS METROPOLIS. Cow^jlftr (SJuitrr for StranQOTiS, AN ADDENDA OF ALL IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PRESENT TIME. f^ PHILADELPHIA: E. L. CAREY AND A. HART, Ch'iiSNUT Street. 1835. Entered, according to Act of C!ongress, in the year 1830, By E. L. Carey & A. Hart, In the office of the Clerk of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. ADVERTISEMENT. This little volume is intended rather as a stran- ger's guide, than a statistical picture of Phila- delphia. As such, the publishers flatter them- selves it will be found useful ; and, at the same time, the citizen, possessed of an extensive knowledge of our various institutions, may, by reference to the following pages, discover much that has escaped his notice. Doubtless, inac- curacies inseparable from a work of this de- scription will be discovered : they are, however, believed to be few^ and of minor importance ; as no trouble was spared to procure the most correct information in relation to every subject herein noticed. The list of streets, lanes, alleys and courts is believed to be the most complete catalogue of the kind in existence, having been made with uncommon care, from an actual examina- tion of every part of the city, districts, and suburbs, by a person employed especially for the purpose. The plan of the City annexed is entirely new, and was also constructed from a careful personal inspection of the region em- braced in it. August 1830. OFFICERS OF THE CITY FOR 1830. MayoTy William Milnor. Recorder, Joseph M'llvaine. Treasurer, Cornelius Stevenson. C Robert Brooke. Commissioners, < Joseph Strahan. ' Jacob Ballinger. City Clerk, Robert H. Smith. List of Mdermen, with the dates of their Commissions. Robert Wharton, 11 October 1796. Johnlnskeep, 21 May 1799. Andrew Pettit, 22 October 1801. Matthew Lawler, 22 October 1801. George Bartram, 30 April 1813. Samuel Badger, 24 July 1815. Peter Christian, 4 March 1818. Abraham Shoemaker, 8 April 1818. William Duane, 23 April 1822. Joseph Watson, 23 April 1822. John Binns, 2 December 1822. William Milnor, 7 January 1823. Andrew Geyer, 30 April 1829. Richard Willing, Jun. 30 November 1829. Joseph Burden, January 1830. CONTENTS. The reader is referred to the accompanying Plan of the City for the location of the different Public Build- ings. History and Description, . 13 The Primitive Settlement, 16 Municipal Government, . 26 City of Philadelphia, sr Northern Liberties, . 28 Spring Garden, 28 Kensington, . 29 South wark, .... 29 Moyamensing, . 30 Representation, 30 Manufactures, . 30 China Manufactory, 31 Cut Glass Manufactory, . 31 Floor Cloth Manufactory, 31 Commerce, . 33 Vessels that entered the port from 1822 to 1829, .... 34 Vessels built in 1828, . 34 Quantity of Flour inspected. 35 Religious Institutions, . 35 Roman Catholics, 36 Protestant EniscoDal Church. . 36 VI Contents. Presbyterians, Scots Presbyterians, Covenanters, Baptists, Methodists, Friends or Quakers, Free Quakers, German Lutherans, German Reformed, Reformed Dutch, Universalists, Swedenborgians, Moravians, Swedish Lutherans, Christian Church or Mount Zion, Menonists, Bible Christians, Mariner's Church, Jews, Unitarians, African Churches, Societies for the Pkomotion of Religion MOKAUTT, Charitable and Humane Institcttions, Pennsylvania Hospital, Dispensaries, Philadelphia Dispensary, Northern Dispensary, Southern Dispensary, Public Alms House, Friend's Alms House, Orphan Asylum, St Joseph's Asylum, Widow's Asylum, Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Christ Church Hospital, Lunatic Asylum, Contents. Vll Provident Society, . . .65 Female Society for the Relief of the Poor, 66 Female Hospitable Society, . . 66 Saving Fund Society, . . '67 Saving- Fuel Society, ... . 67 Soup Societies, ^ . . .68 Humane Society, ... 68 Magdalen Society, . . .68 Roman Catholic Orphan Society, . 69 Society for Alleviating" the Miseries of Public Prisons, . . . . .69 Abohtion Society, ... 70 Masonic Societies, . . ... 71 House of Refuge, . . . 75 Franklin Fund, . . . .72 Scott's Legacies, . . . 7^ Fund for supplying the Poor with Fuel, 74 Fund for the relief of persons in the Hospital during the existence of Yellow Fever, 74 Fund for supplying tlie Poor with Bread, 74 Banks, . . . • .78 Bank of the United States, . . 78 Bank of North America, . . .82 Bank of Pennsylvania, . . 83 Bank of Philadelphia, . . .84 Farmers and Mechanics' Bank, . . 85 Commercial Bank, . . .85 Mechanics' Bank, ... 85 Schuylkill Bank, ... 86 Bank of Northern Liberties, . . 86 Girard's Bank, . . . .86 Bank of Penn Township, . . 87 Bank of South wark, . . . .87 Kensington Bank, ... 87 IjrSTJRAJTCE COMPAHTES, , , .88 Marine Insurance Companies, . . 88 Insurance Co. of North America, . . 88 YUl Contents. Insurance C*o. of Pennsylvania, Union Insurance Co. PhcEnix Insurance Co. Delaware Insurance Co. Philadelphia Insurance Co. United States Insurance Co. . Marine Insurance Co. Atlantic Insurance Co. Fire Insurance Companies, Philadelphia Contributionship, Mutual Assurance Co. American Fire Insurance Co. Fire Association of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Co. Franklin Fire Insurance Co. Pennsylvania Company for Insurance on Lives, Commercial Iststitutions, Custom House, Wardens of the Port, Inspections, Chamber of Commerce, The Exchange, LlTEHATUKE, PhUOSOPHT, ScIENCE, THE ArTS &c. city Library, Loganian Library, Athenaeum, Friends' Libraiy, Apprentices* Library, Mercantile Library, Southwark Library, Northern Liberty Library, Law Library, American Philosophical Society, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Museum, Contents. ix Academy of Fine Arts, . . . Ill College of Physicians, . . .112 Philadelphia Medical Society, . . 113 Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, . .114 Kappa Lambda Society, . . 115 Franklin Institute, .... 115 Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture, 117 Musical Fund, . . . .117 LiTERATTJRE AND THE PRESS, . . 119 Literary Journals, .... 120 Newspapers, . . . . 121 Courts op Judicature and Institutions con- nected WITH THE Administration of Jus- tice, . . . . 123 Circuit Court of the United States, . 123 District Court of the United States, . 124 Supreme Court of Pennsylvania for the Eastern District, . . . .125 District Court for the City and County of Phila- delphia, . . . .125 Court of Common Pleas, . . 126 Orphan's Court, . . . • 126 Court of Oyer and Terminer, . 127 Quarter Sessions, . . • 127 Mayor's Court, .... 127 Offices connected with the Administration of Justice, . . . . .128 Clerk of the Circuit and District Courts of the United States, . . . .128 Prothonotary of the Supreme Court, . 129 Prothonotary of the District Court, . 129 Prothonotary of the Court of Common Pleas, 129 Clerk of the Orphan's Court, . • 129 Clerk of Quarter Sessions, . . 129 Clerk of Mayor's Court, . .129 Marshal of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 130 Sheriff of the city and county of Philadelphia, 130 Contents. llecorder's office, llegister's office, . Grand Jury Room, Office of the Guardians of the Poor, County Commissioners' office. Prisons, Walnut Street Prison, Arch Street Prison, Eastern Penitentiary, Theatres, Chestnut Street Theatre, Arch Street Theatre, Walnut Street Theatre, Washington Theatre, Public SaxxARES aish Gardens, Independence Square, Washington Square, Franklin Square, Penn Square, Logan Square, Rittenhouse Square, M' Aran's Garden, Smith's Labyrinth Garden, San Souci Garden, Institutions for Education, University of Pennsylvania, Medical Department, Jefferson Medical School, Law Academy, Academy of the Episcopal Church, Friends' School, Lectures on Science and the Arts, The Public Schools, Sunday Schools, Sunday School Union, Society for the Establishment and Support Charity Schools, Contents. xi Adelphi School, . . 169^ Free School for the Education of Negro Chil- dren, ..... 169 Pennsylvania Society for the Promotion of Pub- lic Schools, . . . 170 Establishments of the United States Go- TERNMENT IN PhILADEI-PHIA, , . 171 Post Office, .... in Navy Yard, . . . .180 Mint, . . . . . 181 Arsenals, . . . . .182 Schuylkill Arsenal, . . . 182 Arsenal near Frankford, . . .183 Loan Office, . . . .183 Marine Asylum, . . . . 1 84 MlSCELEANEOirS ESTABLISHMENTS AND INSTITU- TIONS, . . . . 184 Provision for Watching- and Lighting the City, 184 Finances of the City, . . . 186 Expenses of the City Government, . 187 Waterworks, . . .188 Provision against destruction by fire, 209 Engine Companies, . . . 211 Hose Companies, .... 212 Internal Improvements, . . . 212 Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, . 212 Union Canal, . . . .213 Schuylkill Navigation, . . 214 Lehigh Navigation, . . . 215 Columbia Rail lload, . . . 215 Turnpike Roads, .... 216 Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike Road, 216 Philadelphia, Germantown, and Perkiomen Turnpike Road, . . . 216 Philadelphia, Frankford, and Bristol Turnpike Road 217 xu Contents, Ridg-e Turnpike, . . . 217 Philadelphia, Cheltenham and Willow Grove Turnpike Road, . . . 217" Bridg-es, . . . . .217 Market Street Bridge, . . . 218 Upper Bridge, . . • .219 Public Buildings, . . . 219 Old Court House in Second street, . 219 State House, . . . .220 University and Medical College Halls, . 220 Alms House, . . . .221 Arcade, . . . . .221 Markets, . . . .222 High Street Market, • . .223 South Second Street Market, . . 224 North Second Street Market, . . 224 Callowhill Street Market, . . .224 Kensington Market, . . • 224 Wharton Market, ... 225 Hotels, Boarding Houses and Baths, 226 Hotels, . . . . .226 Boarding Houses, . . • 227 Baths, 227 Shot Towers, .... 22^ Monument of Penn's Treaty, A.D. 1682, 229 Board of Health, . . . 230 List of Stages, Steamboats and Packets, 233 List of Streets, Public Buildings and Pla- ces of Amusement, &c. &c. 240 PHILADELPHIA IN 1830. HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION. The city of Philadelphia stands on the west bank of the river Delaware, in latitude 39° 57' north, and long-itude 75° 8' 45" west from Greenwich, and is about 120 miles distant from the Atlantic Ocean, by the course of the river, and about 56 miles from it in a direct line to the south-east. It derived its name from a city in Asia Minor, celebrated in sa- cred histoiy for having- been the seat of an early christian church, and was the last city in those quar- ters that submitted to the Turks, after a siege of six years. • The name is composed of two Greek words, philoSf a friend, and adelphos, a brother. Proud, the historian, upon what authority is not known, states that the Indian name of the place was Coa- quenaku, which Heckewelder translates into * the grove of tall pines.' This city was founded by William Penn in the year B 1 4 Philadelphia in 1 830 — I . 1682. The orig-inal design of the proprietary was on a scale of very Inconvenient extent, for if carried into effect it would have covered an area of more than twelve square miles ; but happily, the plot was contracted, and by his charter of 1701 the city was declared to be bounded by the two rivers, Delaware and Schuylkill, and on the north and south by Vine and Cedar streets. The provisions of this charter were ill adapted to the g-enius and feelings of the people for whose government it had been framed. The first mayor, recorder, aldermen, and common council were no- minated by the proprietary, and he conferred upon them the power of filling vacancies in their body, and even of increasing their number at pleasure. The people were not slow in expressing their dissatisfac- tion with this scheme of government, in which they had no share, and frequent complaints were made to the General Assembly of abuses practised under it. On the revolution the General Assembly passed an act abrogating this anomalous charter, and the city remained under a provincial government from the year 1777, to the year 1789, when it was incorporat-- ed a second time. The form of government under this charter continued in force until the year 1796, ~ when the present system was established. On the 5th of September 1774, the members of the first congress convened at Philadelphia, in the Carpenter's Hall, where they adopted that celebrated declaration of rights which may be considered the Hist or }j and Description. 15 preface to the declaration of independence. Twen- ty-two months afterwards the eternal separation of the United States from Eng-land was decreed by that august and venerable body, and proclaimed to the people from the state house. Congress con- tinued to sit at Philadelphia until the approach of the enemy, at the close of the autumn of 1776, compell- ed them to retire to Baltimore. The city fell into the possession of the British forces, September 26, 1777, and they occupied it until the 18th of June fol- lowing-. During" the remainder of the war it happily escaped the ravag-es of hostile operations. Philadelphia is built on streets from fifty to one hundred and thirteen feet in width, running parallel and at right angles to each other. Within its original limits it consists of nine streets, running east and west, from the Delaware to the Schuylkill, and twenty-five running north and south, from Vine street to Cedar. These streets are, for the most part, hand- somely paved with round stones, and kept re- markably clean. The footways are paved with brick, and defended from the approach of carriages by ranges of curb stone. Numerous smaller streets and alleys divide the different squares, and are paved in like manner. The whole number in the city and districts is near six hundred, 'i he houses exhibit an appearance of neatness, uniformity, and commodious- ness, and most of them are ornamented with white marble steps and window sills. The Delaware, op- posite the city, is about a mile wide, and is navigable 16 Philadelphia in \ 830. for ships of a large size. The Schuylkill is about 500 feet in width at Market street, and is navigable by brigs as high up as the Permanent Bridge. Since the improvement of the Schuylkill by canals and the in- troduction of coal from the Mount Carbon mines, the western part of the city has rapidly improved ; large and commodious stores and wharves have been built, and numerous dwellings erected near that river, es- pecially in the vicinity of the Water Works ; several of the principal streets have been paved ; improve- ments of various kinds are in progress ; and it is anticipated that the Columbia rail road, when com- pleted, will be of essential benefit to this part of the town. The following picture of the primitive settlement of Philadelphia cannot fail to be interesting to many. It is extracted from a very curious and entertain- ing work on the antiquities of Philadelphia, by J. F. Watson. The author has, with great industry, col- lected a mass of facts relating to the ante-revolution- ary history of Philadelphia, which were rapidly pas- sing into oblivion, and preserved many valuable me- morials of distinguished men. The Primitive Settlement. ' I trace the tale ' To the dim point where records fail.' It is grateful to a contemplative and feeling mind, to revive and to re-create the picture of the incidents History and Description. "^ 1 7 which must have deeply engag-ed the first settlers of Philadelphia. What a bustling-, spirited, and emu- lous scene it must have been ! We are to transport the mind back to the primitive site of CoAatJANocK — there to see the busy landing- from the anchored ships, of men, women and children, upon the then g-ravelly strand at the foot of the high precipitous banks ; the hurrying backwards and forwards of busy lighters, discharging from the ships in the stream, the furniture, implements, and provisions for the future settlers 5 then the efforts of men, women and children, scrambling to attain the summit of the then higher river banks — we are to imagine tliose banks, then • 'all shagged with wood, 'Where twisted roots, in many a fold, 'Through moss, disputed room for hold.' Such a woody bank as now lines the river side up by Dunks's ferry is a fair specimen of what Phila- delphia once was. This accomplished, the families part, separating- to their selected shades imder the then towering growe of lofty spruce pines, reaching their umbrageous, giant arms abroad. We may fancy the mingled emotions of such families : most of them, ac- customed to the comforts of easy living in their native homes, feel the exhilarating effect of inhaling the pure air, after a confined and wearisome voyage, and the nausea of sea-sickness ; glad, once more, to feel their firm tread on terra firma. On the other hand, to behold themselves devoid of all the usual com- B 2 18 Philadelphia in \Q30. forts and conveniences of civilization, in a total wilderness, without a house or shelter, was a de- pressing- circumstance. But, in the true spirit of campaigners or pioneers, and prompted by future hopes of cheerfulness and prosperity, all hands fall to cheerfully, to give a willing aid. No time is to be lost ; and well we may imagine, that some leading mem- ber of the Christian community, after piously return- ing thanks to the Almighty for their safe landing, and asking his blessing on their future efforts, be- gins himself the good example of the toil before them, like Christian David, the first Moravian settler at Ilernhuth, by striking his axe into the first tree, and exclaiming, "Here hath the sparrow found an house, and the swallow a nest for himself, — near thine altars, O Lord God of hosts." Here, in the * sweet quiet of these parts, free from the hurries and perplexities of woful Europe,' they could not but remember, they were quite removedfvompersecutionj ' Not, like their fathers, vexed from age to age, ' By blatant bigotry's insensate rage.' Off go the men and the boys, to choose their ground for a temporary hut or cabin, called a cave. While some dig into the earth about three feet, near the margin of the river bank, others ply the axe to clear the underwood, or to fell trees, whose limbs and foliage may supply sides and roofs to their hum- ble dwellings. Tn other cases, some dig sods, and of them form the sides of their huts. To these. History and Description. 1 9 chimneys of grass or kneaded clay are set up, and the house is finished! Meanwhile, the women have lighted their fire on the earth, and having" ' their kettle slung between two poles, upon a stick trans- verse,' the meal of homely and frugal fare is pre- pared for the reward of the builders ; all huddle about, and partake with good cheer. Then all bear off their furniture and goods to the cabin, and feel themselves settled for a season! Thus these frail hovels are soon raised, families settle close to each other, and ' Soon, homes of humble form and structure rude, ' Raise sweet society in solitude.' Thus freed from a first and most anxious concern, — a shelter from the weather and the storm, — and feeling that they have acquired a temporary home, the whole community of men turn their minds to their permanent settlement. Then, soon the busy, bustling scene begins. No sooner has the surveyor, with much labour, by falling trees and drawing off the brushwood, made an imperfect way through which to draw his 'lengthening chain,' than he forms the City plot. Then off goes every man to prepare his ground for a future permanent building. Soon the echoing wood resounds with the labouring axe, and the crash of falling trees. The wondering population of the forest are amazed and affrighted at the first break of their long, long silence ; and starting here, and flying there, — beasts and birds, excellent for diet, and a luxury to Europeans living 20 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . under the prohibition of the g-ame laws, are killed in great numbers even while the main design was to clear away the deep embarrassments of the soil. Even the reptiles, deadly and venomous, here first feel the assault of the primeval curse, and * the ser- penfs head is crushed.' But, although the astonished tenants of the forest thus feel and fear the busy stir of man through the day, and find in him an enemy of whom they had not dreamed, — we may suppose, they were not immediately to be driven from their favourite haunts ; and long and frequent would they linger round their wonted securities, in the darkness and silence of night. Therefore, amidst the primitive population, it was not uncommon still to hear ' The fox's bark, or wolPs lugubrious howl.' When buildings had thus generally been started, and the ' clearings' and the ' burnings' of the brush- wood and 'undergrowth,' had begun to mark in rude lines the originals of the present paved and stately streets, we may well imagine the cheerful greetings which passed among the settlers as they met, or surveyed each other's progress. And often they must have reciprocally lent each other aid in ' raisings' and other heavy operations requiring many hands. Then, how busy the brickmakers! What perpetual burnings of their smoking kilns! What perpetual arrivals and departures of small craft from the Jersey shores (previously settled) of boards from their saw-mills, ere the Pennsylvania ones be- History and Description. 21 g-an. We may suppose there were msiny inequalities in the surface then, which we do not now perceive — some hills to reduce, and several low, or wet and miry places, to drain off or fill up. In many places, the most delightful rural beauties, formed by trees and shrubberies, were all devoted to the axe and to burning ! Even stately oaks of sublime grandeur were not spared, from the prevalent opinion, then, that their dense foliage might create fevers. So gen- eral was the havock, that none remained, of all the crowded forest, but a cluster of black walnut trees, which, till of late years, stood opposite to the state house on Chestnut street, and guided the stranger to that once venerable edifice. In that day, the chief of the first houses built lay south of High street, and on the northern bank of Dock creek (then called 'the swamp,' because of the creek which flowed through it, having at the lower end of it a low and miry margin) — and the creek it- self was supplied by several springs, which flowed into it. At the mouth of this creek was a ferry, from the Blue Anchor tavern, (the first built house, and at which WilHam Penn landed in a boat from Chester) leading over to the opposite high ' Society Hill,' be- fore the Front street ' Causeway' was formed. Their first bridge, and their then first means of a cart road leading to the west, was a wooden structure laid across the water (where the tide ebbed and flowed) at Hudson's alley and Chesnut street. This creek then traversed Fourth and High streets ; and on the 22 Philadelphia in IS50— I . northern side of Hig-h street, formed a great pond, Jilled with spatterdashes, and surrounded with natural shrubbery, forming* a great asykim for wild ducks and g-eese, where they were often shot; and on oc- casion, even Jish, coming" up with the tide, were caught by anglers there. Another g-reat duck pond lay in the rear of Christ Church and the first Baptist Meeting. There, as well founded tradition relates, an Indian feast was lield ; and the Indians, to amuse William Penn and show their agility in running and leaping, performed a race round the entire pond. Diverging from Dock creek, at Girard's Bank, ran a water course, through what was afterwards called * Beak's Hollow,' (near Sixth and Walnut streets,) through Potter's Field to the site of the present Dr Wilson's church, where it terminated in another wild duck pond. As buildings and comforts progressed, soon they turned their attention to public edijices. The Friends' Meeting, built at the Centre Square, lay far beyond the verge of population ; and often, when the early settlers were following the cai't path from the town, they saw it traversed before them by deer and by wild turkeys/ Their first prison was the hired house of Patrick Robinson ; and the first, that the city held, in fee simple, was situated on the site of the present Jersey market, opposite to Penn's low two story house in L?etitia Court, before which stood * his gate' to the surrounding enclosure, and before which the proclamations of the day were made. On the History and Description. 23 very site of Jersey market, was once ' a grassy swarth, close cropt by nibbling- sheep,^ retained there till they were slain, and sold off from the movable shambles. Edward Shippen, the first city mayor, surpassed his contemporaries in the style and grandeur of his edifice and appurtenances ^ for, crossing the water, he located himself in that venera- ble building, since called the ' governor's house,' (now superseded by Wain's Row, in South Second street,) *on the hill,' * near the town,' where he had * a great and famous orchard,' and where he also had tame deer. Tn that day, ' the hill beauti- fully descended in a green bank in front of his house to the Dock creek, and no intervening object pre- vented the prospect to the Jerseys and the river! Contemporary with these, rose the first Christ's Church, under the Rev. Mr Clayton — a wooden build- ing, of such declining eaves, that a bystander could touch them. Pre-eminent in the grandeur of that day, and often visited as a curiosity then, was the present antiquated Swedes' church, andsteeple, built in 1700 to replace the former log church, in which were loop-holes for fire-arms, as in a block-house, for which it was to have served in case of emergency. Then was also built the 'State House,' grand in its day, at the corner of Second street and Norris's alley, and occupied, in I7OO, by William Penn ; about which time, captain Finny became the purchaser of Samuel Carpenter's Coffee House, situate in the neighbour- hood of Front and Walnut streets. Near these, too. 24 Philadelphia in 1830. were built the first crane, and the first wharves for vessels. The first and only landing places were, the ' low and sandy beach,' still open on the north side of the Drawbridge ; another, at the * Penny Pothouse,' on the north side of Vine street , and the third was a great breach through the high hill at Arch street, over which an arched bridge ex- tended, letting carts and people descend to * the landing,' under its arch . We must conceive, that in the earliest days, the Indians were more or less constantly present as idle spectators of the progress of improvement, or sell- ing their venison and game of the woods to the inhabitants. New England barques, too, were early allured to bring them supplies of provisions. The Swedes and Dutch, their neighbours, were bring- ing their provisions for sale ; as were some of the Friends, settled before, in and about Burlington. Horse mills were resorted to for grinding corn; and floating mills on the Delaware, and a great mill for its day, called then ' the Governor's Mill,' at the present location of Craig's factory, were also used. Great was then the difficulty of going to it, having to traverse the morass at Cohoquinoque, or Peg's Run, on the northern bank of which Indians were still hutted ; and then to wade through the Cohocsinc creek beyond it! What a toil! Wheel carriages were out of the question, in such an expedition ; and boats or canoes either ascended the Hisiorjj and Description, 25 Cohocsinc, then a navigable stream, or horses bore the grain on their backs. How rude and rural every thing around them! AVhat a rus in urbe! How homespun and plain in their apparel — how hospitable and frugal in theu- diet — how universally acquainted and familiar — how devoid of all rank and ostentation ! What freedom and frankness of interchange of commodities — what mutual help, and reciprocity of borrowing and lend- ing — what commutation of labour and services for corn and necessaries of life — what certain enrich- ment to prudent mechanics, where their labour was in constant requisition! How plain and rude, then, in their household furniture — how free to use carts or horses then, for occasions which now their de- scendants must accomplish in gilded equipages! ' While we retrace, with memory's pointing wand, ' That calls the past to our exact review,' we may easily conceive, that the young people of both sexes often formed exploring parties — wishing to see the scenes which environed them, they plung- ed into the deep woods beyond the Dock creek, and, making a great circuit, have seen the then wild Schuylkill, shadowed by lofty sycamores and oaks, and the intermediate woods crowded with grape vines and whortleberry bushes. Being pro- tected from surprise by their needful guns, they have started and shot the rabbit, the racoon, — per- haps the fox, and the heavy wild turkey. Perhaps C 26 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . they have met with a colony of friendly Indians; and, bent on novelty and sport, they have bargained for the loan of canoes lying- upon the shores — have huddled into the slender vessels — and thus made a voyage up or down the Manaiunky which none bad ever seen before ; — endangered all the way by the constant leapings of the heedless sturgeon. Even the boys of that day had their rural pursuits quite close to their own doors. There they could set snares and gins for game ; and there they were sure of trapping rabbits, quails, &c. What an ex- pedition it must have been for the urchins of that day, to get over the great Dock creek, and to lose themselves in the opposite woods, whilst starting and pursuing the wild game — chasing the wild tur- keys, which disdained to fly while their legs could serve their escape : — or loading themselves with shell- barks, chestnuts, or walnuts — or eating of whortle- berries or blackberries, as the season of the fruit might serve. 'But times are altered — Trade has changed the scene.' ' where scattered hamlets rose. UnvvieMy wealth and cumbrous pomp repose,' And rural mirth and manners are no more.^ MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. Population has long since pushed itself beyond the boundary prescribed by William Penn; and that part Municipal Government. 27 beyond the charter limits of the city is nearly equal to that within them. For municipal purposes the legislature has from time to time established corpo- rate governments in different parts of the suburbs, so that Philadelphia is divided into the following dis- tricts : — the corporations of the city of Philadelphia, of the Northern Liberties, Kensington, Spring Gar- den, Southwark, and Moyamensing. Passyunk, Blockley, &c. are still governed as townships. City of Philadelphia. The municipal government of the city is vested in a mayor, a recorder, fifteen aldermen, and a select and common council, besides subordinate executive officers. The recorder and aldermen are appointed by the governor, and hold their offices, like other judicial incumbents, during good behaviour. The mayor was annually chosen by the councils from among the aldermen, until April 10, 1826, when the legislature passed an act authorising the coun- cils to elect him from the body of the citizens: he appoints the city commissioners, the high constables, corders of wood, &c. and receives an annual com- pensation of two thousand dollars. The members of the select and common councils are chosen by the people, on the day of the general election : the former serve three years, and vacate their seats in rotation ; the latter are annually elected. They receive no compensation, sit in separate cham- bers, and each body has a negative on the le- 2 8 Philadelphia in 1830. g-islative acts of the other. The mayor, recorder, and aldermen, or any four of them, whereof the mayor or recorder must be one, constitute *the Mayor's Court,' which has the same jurisdiction of offences committed in the city, as the courts of quarter sessions in their respective counties. The aldermen have respectively the powers and perform the duties of justices of the peace, as to all matters arising" within the city. Northern Liberties. The district of the Northern Liberties was in- corporated on the 28th of March 1803, and con- sists of that part of the original township of the Northern Liberties which lies between the west side of Sixtli street and the river Delaware, and between Vine street and the Cohocsinc creek. The act of incorporation was amended by another act, passed on the 16th of March 1819. The government of the district is, by these acts, vested in a board of commissioners, twenty-one in number, who are elect- ed for a term of three years, and vacate their offices in rotation, seven new members being chosen on the day of the general election annually. The municipal officers of this corporation are appointed by the commissioners, but no commissioner can be appoint- ed to any office to which a compensation is attached. Spring Garden. Adjoining the district of the Northern Liberties, Municipal Government. 29 to the west, is tlie incorporated district of Spring- Garden, which consists of that part of Penn township lying" between the middle of Sixth street and the river Schuylkill, and Vine street and Poplar lane, and a line extending thence, parallel with Vine street, to the river Schuylkill. The act of incorporation was passed on the 22d of March 1813, but has been subsequently amended. The powers of the corpora- tion are vested in and conducted by a board of com- missioners, fifteen in number, five of whom are elected annually, who elect a police magistrate, ap- point the nightly watch, and have similar powers to those of the commissioners of the Northern Liberties. Kensington. Kensington, which lies east of the district of the Northern Liberties, and between that and the river Delaware, was incorporated on the 6th of Marcli 1820. Its municipal officers are a board of commis- sioners, fifteen in number, who serve for three years, five new members being- elected every year. Their powers and duties are similar to those of other cor- porations. Southwark. The district of Southwark was incorporated on the 18th of April 1794, and is also governed by fifteen commissioners, who serve for three years, five being elected annually, and whose powers are similar to those of the preceding corporations. C 2 30 Philadelphia in 1830. Moyaynensing. Moyamensing- was incorporated on the 24tli of March 1812, and is governed by nine commissioners, elected for three years, vacating their offices by rotation, and in other respects similar to those already noticed. Representation. The city of Philadelphia sends six representatives to the state legislatui'e. The adjoining districts, united with the remainder of the county, send seven representatives. For the purpose of choosing mem- bers of congress, the city and county have been divided into three districts, of which the city, with the exception of Cedar and New Market wards, forms one ; these wards, together with Southwark, Moyamensing, Passyunk, Blockley, and Kingsessing, fovm another; and the remaining portions of the county constitute the third district. Each district sends one member to congress. MANUFACTURES. Philadelphia is deservedly celebrated for the value and variety of its manufactures. All the necessaries and most of the luxuries of life are manufactured within its walls and immediate vicinity. The follow- ing is taken from the ' Register of Pennsylvania:' Manufactures . 3 1 •There are In Philadelphia and its vichilty 104 warping mills at work, sufficient to employ about 4500 weavers, dyers over 200, spoolers 3000, bob- bin winders 2000; whose wag-es would amount to $1,470,040; consume 114,400 lbs. ofindigt) per an- num, and 1820 barrels of flour for sizing; make 81,000 yards per day or 24,300,000 per annum ; at 16 cents, v$3,888,000.' Of late years, many articles have been manufac- tured among us, which have thrown new light upon our natural resources. We instance the china man- ufactory out Chestnut street near the Schuylkill. The specimens of China produced here have been pronounced equal in every respect to any thing of the kind ever imported, and we are informed that the material employed is of better quality than that which is used in England There are several glass- houses in Philadelphia ; and the cut glass manufac- tured here is unsurpassed in richness and beauty by that of any other part of the world. This latter branch is conducted upon an extensive scale. Macauley's Floor Cloth Manufactory. The principal oil cloth manufactory in the United States is situated at Bush Hill, in the outskirts of the city of-Philadelphia. The following extract from the report of a committee appointed by the Franklin Institute to view the establishment, presents a flat- tering account of it: * The large Floor Cloths which the committee 32 Philadelphia in 1S30—1. first examined, are made from flax or hemp, and wove in pieces of 21 feet wide, and 60 feet long, (making 140 square yards in each piece, without seam ;) when finislied they are suspended the above size, in a drying house, an edifice admirably contrived for the purpose, where they gradually harden, until they are fit for use, which, we are informed, requires at least twelve months. Of this the committee could have no doubt, as they found from 14,000 to 15,000 yards finished in a handsome style, most of which have been there more than a year. On examination they were found to be strong, very hard, well filled with paint and varnish of the best quality, and ex- hibiting no tendency to peel off or stick. The patterns are well selected to imitate Brussels and other car- peting — colours rich and bright. « In the fabrication of lighter cloths for covering tables. Sec. Mr Macauley has been eminently success- ful. In the large quantity of 15,000 or 20,000 yards suspended in various parts of the premises, the com- mittee saw none which would not do credit to any ma- ker. They were well made and elastic ; the fabric is of cotton, covered with gum elastic and other var- nishes, (for which improvement Mr Macauley has ob- tained a patent) without any of the crumbling mix- ture so often found in German cloths. The surfaces were smooth, and beautifully figured and bordered, in all widths from 2-3ds to 6-4ths. Philadelphia in 1 830. 33 COMMERCE. For a considerable period after the peace of 1783, Philadelphia stood at the head of the commercial cities of the union. The profitable carrying' trade, and the great demand in Europe for bread stuffs, con- sequent upon the wars which arose out of the French revolution, caused great activity in commerce, and greatly enriched this city. The superior advantages of New York, however, arising from her proximity to the ocean, have gradually raised her to the first rank in commerce, and placed her at a great distance beyond the other ports of the United States. After the peace of 1815, the commerce of Philadelphia de- clined to a very low ebb, in common with that of I?oston, Baltimore, and other cities. The new state of thing's produced by a general peace had closed many profitable avenues; new channels were to be found; large profits were no longer to be expected; and it required some time for mercantile habits to adapt themselves to the change. Of late years, however, commerce and trade have again revived: a steady though gradual improvement is taking" place, and Philadelphia is evidently resuming her former elevated rank in commerce. That she can approach New York, is not to be expected; but it is believed, tliat with the rapid increase of her manufactures, with her abundant capital and enterprise, and the spring which the completion of the Chesapeake and Sus- 34 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . quehanna canals, the Lehigh and Schuylkill naviga- tion, the Columbia railroad and other internal im- provements will give to her energies, she will not be far behind that active port, ' Proximus, et non longo intervallo.' Statement of the Vessels that entered the Port of Phila- delphia from 1822 to 1829 both inclusive. Years. Foreign. Coastwise. Total. 1822 494 1212 1706 1823 482 1018 1500 1824 501 981 1482 1825 484 1195 1679 1826 482 1195 1677 1827 469 1320 1789 1828 450 1847 2297 1829 374 1026 1400 7%e Number of Vessels built in the year 1828. 11 ships measuring 4658 tons. 5 brigs 727 5 schooners 448 15 sloops 453 1 steamboat 230 6516 tons. Besides these, 2 ships, 5 brigs, 3 schooners and 2 steamboats were nearly ready for launching. Commerce. 35 Quantity of 2 ^/ow>- inspected in Philadelphia. Wheat Flour Rye Flour. ' Corn Meal. Middlings. Year. Barrels. Barrels. Hhds. Barrels. Barrels. 1822 270,527 26,100 7567 19,268 2415 1823 296,171 32,314 6277 20,524 3732 1824 301,333 34,327 7936 37,336 2676 1825 294,289 33,808 6502 24,690 1983 1826 342,250 15,810 7129 22,010 1827 351,517 20,422 6161 30,756 RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS. These are exceedingly numerous in Philadelphia, and the protection of the law being" extended to all sects alike, it is not surprising that the modes of belief and worship should be various and subdivided. A Christian stranger, from whatever quarter he may come, will scarcely fail to find a congregation wor- shipping according to the doctrine, and in the man- ner to which he has been accustomed. With one or two exceptions, the earliest churches now standing are not remarkable for their exterior beauty. With- in the last few years a striking change has been effected, and Philadelphia may now boast of several places of public worship, which are in more than one sense an ornament to it. Some account of the prin- cipal of these edifices will be given in the course of this chapter. 3G Philadelphia in \S30. The different religious denominations of Phila- delphia may be arranged as follows. 1. The Roman Catholics. This ancient society of Christians has four chur- ches. 1. The Cathedral Church of St Mary's, s'ltuscted in Fouth street, between Prune and Spruce streets, built in 1763, and enlarged and improved in 1810. it is now 100 feet by 71. The front on Fourth street is neat and in good taste. The altar has a very beautiful and impressive effect. The present pastor of this church is the Rev. Jeremiah J. Keily. 2. St Augustine's, in Fourth street, opposite to New street, and near to Vine street, was built in 1800. A new cupola was placed upon this building in 1829,. and the handsome clock has been placed in it which was formerly in the state house. Its pastor is^ the Rev. Dr Hurley. 3. The Holy Trinity, corner of Spruce and Sixth streets, was built in 1789, and is 100 feet long and 60 feet v.'ide. Its pastor is the Rev. H. Vandenbraft. 4. St Joseph's, in a court between Willing's alley and Walnut street, was built in 1733, and has re- cently been enlarged. Its pastor is the Rev. John Hughes. 2. The Protestant Episcopal Church. Of this denomination of Christians there are nine churches in Philadelphia. Religious Institutions. 37 1. Christ's Church, in Second street, between Market and Arch, one of the most ancient, and certainly not the least striking or beautiful of the religious edifices in this city. So early as 1710, a wooden church stood on the site of the present building, which was begun in 1727. It is 90 feet long, and 60 feet wide. The steeple (for a long time the only one of which Philadelphia could boast) is a very graceful piece of architecture. It is 190 feet high, and has a ring of eight bells. 2. St Peter's, built in 1761, is at the corner of Pine and Third streets. It is 90 feet in length and 60 in breadth. This church and the foregoing are united under the rectorship of the bishop, the venerable Dr White. The assistant ministers are Dr Abercrombie and the Rev. Mr Kemper. 3. St James' Sy in Seventh street, between Market and Arch streets, was built in 1809, and is 90 feet long, and 60 wide. The foundation of a steeple is laid. The present rector is the Rev. Mr Hawkes. 4. St Paul's, in Third street between Walnut and Spruce, and opposite to Wilhng's alley, was built in 1762. It is 90 feet long and 60 wide. The present rector is the Rev. Mr Tyng. 5. St John's is on the south side of Brown street, between St John street and Rose alley, in the Northern Liberties, and was built a few years since. The ex- terior of this edifice is very imposing. It is built of brick, with two lofty columns and a portico in front. The present rector is the Rev. Mr Boyd. D 3 8 Philadelphia in 1830—1. 6. St Stephen's^ in Tenth street between Chestnut and Market streets, was consecrated on the 27th of February 1823. Its extreme length from east to west is 102 feet. It is one of the most perfect specimens of the Gothic architecture in this country. The western front presents two octangular towers, eig-hty-six feet high, but which are intendedtobe still higher. The pulpit and chancel are highly finish- ed, and the coup d'ceil, on entering the church, is in the highest degree impressive. The windows are embellished with cherubim in stained glass, import- ed from England. The Rev. Dr Montgomery is the present rector. 7. 'S*^ Andrew^ Sy in Eighth street between Locust and Spruce streets, was consecrated on the 31st of May 1823. The character of the edifice is Grecian. The front is intended to be a copy of the portico of the temple of Bacchus at Teos. The interior of the building is of a similar character of architecture, and highly decorated. A spire, the foundation of which is laid, is intended to be added to the western end of the building. The whole length of the church, in- cluding the spire, is 130 feet, and its breadth 65 feet. The Rev. Mr Bedell is the present rector. 8. Trinity Church is on the south side of Catherine street between Second and Third streets. It is a neat brick building. The interior is plain, but in good taste. The Rev. William Meade is the present rector. 9. St Matthew's is a neat brick building situated Religious Institutions. 39 In Francisville, In the north-western suburb of the city. It was consecrated in June 1824, by the Right Rev. Bishop White. Beside these, there is an Episcopal church called St Mark's at Mantua, on the borders of the city ; another at Germantown named St Luke's ,• one at Hamiltonville called St Mary's; and Grace Church in Penn township. 3. Presbyterians. The members of this communion have several places of worship in Philadelphia. 1. The First Presbyterian Congregation ^issexahled., until recently, in an edifice of handsome exterior, in Market street, between vSecond and Third streets, which was taken down in 1822. The present church was built in the same year, and stands in a beautiful situation at the corner of Washing-ton Square and Seventh streets. The edifice is Grecian, and its model was the Ionic temple on the river Ilyssus at Athens. It is built of brick, and coated with mortar, painted in imitation of marble. The roof is sur- mounted by a cupola, in which is a bell. The pastor is the Rev. Abner Barnes. 2 . The Second Presbyterian Church is at the corner of Arch and Third streets. It was built in 1750, and enlarg-ed in 1809. The Rev J. Sanford is the pastor. 3. The Third Presbyterian Church'is in Pine street, between Fourth and Fifth streets. Its pastor is the Rev. Dr Ely. 40 Philadelphia in ]SoO. 4. The Fourth Presbyterian Church is in Fifth, near Cedar or South street. Its pastor is the Rev. George Potts. 5. The Fifth Presbyterian Congregation worships at a new and very neat brick building", erected in Arch street, above Tenth, and first used for divine ser- vice in June 1823. It is ornamented by a steeple 165 feet high, of good proportions and effect The pastor is the Rev. l)r Skinner. 6. The Sixth Presbyterian Church is a neat brick building on the north side of Spruce street, near to Sixth. The pastor is the Rev. Mr Winchester. 7. The Seventh Presbyterian Church is the building formerly called 'the Tabernacle,' situated at the head of Ranstead's court, which leads from Fourth street west, between Chestnut and Market streets. Its pastor is the Rev. Mr Engles. 8. The Eighth Presbyterian Church is in Spruce street, on the south side, between Third and Fourth streets. The pastor is the Rev. W. L. M'Calla. This church was formerly styled ' The Associate Reformed,' but has since attached itself to the Presbytery of Philadelphia. 9. The Ninth Presbyterian Church is on the west side of Thirteenth street, between Market and Arch streets. This neat and ornamental church was built in 1814, in consequence of the bequest of a sum of money for the purpose by Mrs Margaret Duncan. The pastor is the Rev. Mr Chambers. 10. Tne Tenth Presbyterian Church is at tlie north Religious Institutions. 41 east corner of Walnut and Twelfth streets. It was built in 1829. The pastor is the Rev. Ur Thomas M'Auley. 11. The Eleventh Presbyterian Church is on the south side of Vine street between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets. Unfinished, but service is per- formed here. 12. The First Presbyterian Church in the Northern Liberties is at the north west corner of Coates and Second streets. Pastor, the Rev. Mr Patterson. 13. The Spring Garden Presbyterian Church is at the corner of Buttonwood and Eig-hth streets. 14. 77ie Kensington Presbyterian Church is a very pretty building", situated on the north east side of Palmer street, between Queen and Bedford streets. The pastor is the Rev. Mr Chandler. 15. The Cohocsinc Presbyterian Church is on the Germantown road above Camac street. 16. The First Presbyterian Church in Southwark is in German street between Second and Third. 17. The Second Presbyterian Church in Southwark is at the corner of Second street and Moyamensing- road. Pastor, the Rev. William Ramsey. 18. St Mary's Street Church is on St Mary's street between Sixth and Seventh streets. 19. There is a large building" in an unfinished state erected for the purpose of worship according- to the Presbyterian doctrine in Sixth street between Green and Coates street. D 2 42 Philadelphia in \S30. 4. The Scots Presbyterian, Or Associate Church, is a small brick building", on the north side of Walnut street, between Fourth and Fifth streets. The doctrines of this church do not differ materially from those of the General Assembly. The pastor of this church is the Rev. Thomas Bever- idg-e. 5. The Covenanters, Or Reformed Presbyterians. A congi-egation un- der this denomination worships at a new building in Eleventh street,between Chesnut and Market streets. Pastor, Rev. Dr Wylie. 6. The Baptists. 1. The First Baptist Church is on the west side of Second street, near to Arch street. The pastor is the Rev. William T. Brantly. 2. The Second Baptist Church is situated on the west side of Budd street, above Poplar lane, in the Northern Liberties. The pastor is the Rev. Mr Kitts. 3. The Third Baptist Church is on the east side of Second street, between German and Catherine streets. The pastor is the Rev. Mr Ashton. 4. The Sansom Street Baptist Church is a building" of rather striking and novel architecture, situated on the south side of Sansom street, above Eighth street. The present pastor is the Rev. Mr Dagg. Religious Institutions. 43 5. The New Market Street Baptist Church is situ- ated in New Market street, between Noble and Duke streets, in the Northern Liberties. The pas- tor is the Rev. John R. Dodge. There is, besides these, a small building erected for the purposes of Baptist worship near the Schuyl- kill. 7. The Methodists. , 1. St George' Sy on the east side of Fourth street, between Race and New streets. 2. The New Ebenezer Church, on the north side of Christian street, between Third and Fourth streets. 3. Union Methodist Church is in the south end of the Old College, on the west side of Fourth street, between Market and Arch. 4. St John's, on the west side of St John street, between Poplar lane and George street. 5. Kensington 3Iethodist Church is situated at the corner of Marlborough and Queen streets. 6. Salem, on the east side of Thirteenth street, between Spruce and Pine streets. 7. Nazareth on the west side of Thirteenth near Vine street. 8. 77ie Union Wesleyan is in Kensington on the north side of Queen street, east of Frankford road. 9. Mount Zion or Christian Church, in South- wark, on Christian near Sixth street. There is, beside these, a neat brick building on Eleventh street, between Vine and Wood streets. 44 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . erected for purposes of worship by members of the Methodist society. 8. The Friends, or Quakers, Have six places of worship: — 1. One on the south side of Pine street between Front and Second streets. 2. One in Keys's alley, which runs from Front to Second street, south of Vine street. 3. One on Arch street, between Third and Fourth streets. In this building-, the yearly and monthly meetings of the society are held. 4. One in Green street, at the corner of Fourth street. 5. One on the west side of Twelfth street, between Chesnut and Market streets. 6. One on the North side of Cherry street, between Fourth and Fifth streets. 9. The Free Quakers Hare a place of worslup at the south west corner of Arch and Fifth streets. 10. German Lutheran. 1. Zion Church is a large and neat building at the corner of Fourth and Cheny streets. The pas- tors are the Rev. Dr Schaeffer and Rev. Mr Demmy. 2. St Michael's, at the corner of Fifth and Cherry streets, is an old building of a venerable appearance. The pastors are the same as at Zion Church. Religious Institutions. 45 3. St Johi'Sy on the north side of Race between Fifth and Sixth streets, a new and handsome build- ing'. Service is performed in the Eng-lish language in this church. Pastor, the Rev. Dr Mayer. 4. St Matthew's is in New street between Third and Fourth streets. Beside these, a congregation, worshipping accor- ding to the German Lutheran tenets, but in the English language, assembles occasionally in the northern end of the Old College, in Fourth between Market and Arch streets ; and divine service is cele- brated in the German Lutheran Academy, St John street, every Tuesday night. 11, German Reformed. 1. One in Race street, near Fourth street ; pastor, Rev. Mr Helfenstein. 2. One in St John street, between Tammany and Green streets ; pastor. Rev. Mr Vandersloot. 12. Reformed Dutch. 1. One in Crown street, between Fourth and Fifth streets ; pastor, Rev. Mr Livingston. 2. One in Eighth street, north of Noble street, in the Northern Liberties. There is another congregation of this denomina- tion worshipping at the Spring Garden school house, corner of Buttonwood lane and Eighth street. 46 Philadelphia in I Q30- 13. Universalists . 1. The First Universalist Church is on the south side of Lombard street, between Fourth and Fifth streets 5 pastor, the Rev. A. C. Thomas. 2. The Second Universahst Church is at the cor- ner of Crown and Callowhill streets. This is a very- neat new building-, with a portico and Doric front in imitation of marble ; the interior is also handsome- ly decorated. Pastor, the Rev. Zelote Fuller. 14. Swedenhorgians. The New Jerusalem Church in Southwark is on Fourth street between Catherine and German streets. Pastor, tlie Rev. Mr Roche. 15. Moravians, or United Brethren. A church was erected by this society, so early as 1742. It has recently been taken down, and a very- neat edifice erected from a desig-n by Strickland. The building is situated in Bread street or Moravian alley, between Second and Third streets, near Race street. Pastor, Rev. Mr Wolle . 16. Swedish Ijatheran. A venerable building, probably the most ancient place of worship in Philadelphia, commonly called the Swedes' Church, situated on the west side of Swanson street between Prime and Christian streets. The pastor is the Rev. Dr Collin. Religious Institutions. 47 17. Mount Zion. A society, calling- themselves the * Christian Church,' or ' Mount Zion,' worship at a new build- ing- at the corner of Christian and Sixth streets. 18. Menonists^ Or Bunkers, have one place of worship in Phila- delphia, situated on Crown street and Old Fourth street, between Wood and Callovvhill streets ; pastor Rev. Mr Keyser. 19. Bible Christians. A sect under this name arose in 1817, and now worships in a neat frame building on the west side of Third street, near the Germantown road. Pastor, Kev. Mr Metcalfe. 20. Mariner's Church. There is a place of worship, intended for the re- ligious instruction of seamen, on the east side of Water street, between Walnut and Chestnut streets. Pastor, the Rev. Mr Dashiel. 21. Jeius. 1. A synagogue, situated on the north side of Cherry street, above Third street. This building is 40 feet in front by 70 feet in depth, being two stories in height, built in the Egyptian style, of stone from the falls of Schuylkill. 48 Philadelphia in \Q30. The principal entrance is throug-h an elevated door-way, formed with inclined jambs, supporting a large coved cornice, in which are sculptured the globe and wings. The interior embraces two semicircular blocks of seats, displaying to the north and south of the ark and altar. The dome is supported with Egyptian columns copied from the temple at Tentyra, and is formed by semicircular archivolts, joining a richly pannelled segment, extending over the ark and altar. In the centre of the dome is a lantern, which gives light to the altar. The ai*k is situated in the east side, immediately opposite the altar, and is neatly decorated with pilas- ters, supporting a coved cornice, enriched with the globe and wings, together with a marble tablet, con- taining the ten commandments in Hebrew. It is ap- proached by a flight of three steps between cheek- blocks which support two handsome tripods, crown- ed with lamps. The galleries are semicircular, extending round the north and south sides of the building, and are supported by the columns, which extend to the dome. The building was designed by Mr Strickland. Rev. J. J. Leeser, reader. 2. A synagogue in Church alley, between Second and Third streets, on the north side. This is called the German synagogue. Religious Institutions. 49 22. Unitarians Have one place of worsliip, at the corner of Locust and Tenth streets. Rev. Mr Furness, pastor. In addition to the foregoing" places of worship, the following belonging to or occupied by persons of colour, may be enumerated: — 1. The African Episcopal Church of St Thomas is situated on the west side of Fifth street, between Walnut and Prune streets. 2. The first African Presbyterian Church is on the east side of Seventh street, between Shippen and Fitzwater streets. .3. The second African Presbyterian congregation worships at a building on the north side of Norris's alley, between Second and Front streets. 4. The African Baptists worship at a small frame building, situate in Smith's alley, between Eighth and Chester streets, and Race and Vine streets. 5. There is also a brick building, situated in Thir- teenth street, between Race and Vine streets, erect- ed for the purpose of worship by African Baptists. 6. Bethel, an African Methodist church, is situated on the east side of Sixth street between Pine and Lombard streets. 7. Union, another African Methodist church, situ- ated on the south side of Coates street near the Old York road. E 50 Philadelphia in 1 830 — 1 . 8. ZoaTf a third African Methodist church, is on the north side of Brown street, west of Fourth street. 9. Wesley church, the fourth African Methodist church, is on the north side of Lombard street, between Fifth and Sixth streets. 10. Another African Methodist congregation wor- ships at a small building, at the corner of Gills alley in Lombard street, between Fifth and Sixth streets. Besides the places of worship enumerated in the preceding pages, there are four buildings, of small dimensions, erected by the Evangelical Society, in different parts of the suburbs. Public worship is also held at the Walnut street Prison, where a building has been erected for the purpose ; at the Arch street Prison j at the Aims-House ; at the Orphan's Asylum, the Widow's Asylum and the Magdalen Asylum. Societies for the Promotion of Religion and Morality ^ The number of these praiseworthy institutions is very great, and their usefulness very extensive. A list of the names merely, would occupy more space than can be conveniently allotted to them. The following catalogue, therefore, embraces only the principal associations : The Philadelphia Bible Society and auxiliaries. The Episcopal Missionary Society. Religious Institutions. 61 The Evang^elical Society for promoting Christian- ity among the Poorin the suburbs of Philadelphia. The Baptist Missionary Society. The Board of Missions of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church. The Philadelphia Missionary Society, auxiliary to the Board of Missions. The Philadelphia Missionary Society, auxiliary to the United Foreign Missionary Society. The Young Men's Missionary Society. The Female Missionary Society. The Missionary Society of the Methodist Episco- pal Church. The Common Prayer Book Society. The Episcopal Society for the advancement of Christianity in Pennsylvania. The Episcopal Female Tract Society. The Religious Historical Society. The Mosheim Society. The Female Society for educating the Heathen. The Education Society for preparing Young Men for the Ministry. The Philadelphia Auxiliary Society for meliorating the condition of the Jews. The Philadelphia Auxiliary Colonization Society. The Pennsylvania Peace Society. 52 Philadelphia in 1830—1 CHARITABLE AND HUMANE INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIETIES. Institutions for the relief of the unfortunate, the poor, the sick, the maimed, the helpless, and the miserable abound in Philadelphia. Philanthropy is here almost the ruling passion, and justifies the appellation g-iven to the city by its benevolent foun- der. There is reason to believe, that the amount g-iven annually in Philadelphia for charitable pur- poses, is g-reater than in any other city of equal population in the world. At the head of the public establishments for the relief of misfortune is the Pennsylvania Hospital, an institution, which, in respect to the wisdom of its system and excellence of its manag-ement, has no superior in any part of the world. It was founded in the year 1750, and owed its birth principally to the exertions of Benjamin Franklin and Dr Thomas Bond. For the first four years the manag-ers occu- pied a hired house in Market street ; but in 1755, the east wing- of the present elegant building was erected, and the institution established there. The western wing was built in 1796, and the centre build- ing finished in 1804. The house, in its present form, with its various appendant buildings, occupies the entire square between Eighth, Ninth, Spruce, and Pine streets, and has its principal front on the latter Charitable Institutions. 53 street. It consists of a square central building", uni- ted by edifices eighty feet by twenty-seven and thirty-four respectively to two wings running north and south, and parallel with the sides of the original square, in length one hundred and ten feet. For the purpose of ventilation, have been procured the lots of ground which surround the hospital on three sides, and which are kept open.' The easternmost section of tlie building, from the central edifice, in- cluding the wing, is devoted to medical and surgi- cal patients. The central building is occupied by the library, the apothecary's shop, the steward's rooms, &,c. ? and in the third story is an elegant amphitheatre for surgical operations and lectures, illuminated by a skylight. The west end is exclu- sively devoted to the lunatics, for whose separate use there is an enclosed space of ground, where they enjoy air and exercise. In a line with the eastern wing, and on the north side, is situated a lock hospital, three stories in height, neatly built, and capable of containing fifty patients. The in- mates of the hospital are either paupei's, or such as pay for their board and attendance. The number of the former averages upwards of one hundred, of whom thirty-three may be insane. The number of insane patients in the house is generally about one hundred and ten. The system pursued towards these unfortunate persons is admirably adapted to promote their comfort or cure. Chains are seldom used, and they are now mostly of leather : blows are E 2 54 Philadelphia in 1830 — 1. never inflicted. Many have the liberty of the house^ and are employed in some occupation which amuses the mind ; and all are allowed exercise in the open air. In the central building" is an uncommonly fine lying-'in ward, for mamed women. The library be- longing to the institution contains upwards of 7000 volumes, many of them rare and costly. The hospi- tal affords an admirable practical school of medicine, and has thereby contributed g-reatly to the advance- ment and present splendid reputation of the Phila- delphia medical lectures. The affairs of the insti- tution are managed by twelve persons, annually elected, who choose eight physicians and surg'eons. Two managers, a physician and surgeon attend regularly on Wednesday and Saturday of each week. Admissions are obtained by a certificate from the at- tending" physician or surgeon, or by an order of a manager. In case of recent accidents, the patient is admitted without any preliminary order or security for the payment of the necessary expenses. The funds of the institution arise from the interest of its capital stock, which amounts to about $10,000, from the exhibition of a painting by Benjamin West, the profits of which are about $500 per annum, and from the board of pay patients, which is about$20,000. During the last year 1343 patients, of whom 782 were paupers and 561 pay, partook of the benefits of this institution. The whole number of patients admitted into the hospital from its opening, Febuary 11, 1752, to Charitable Institutions, 55 Vprll 4, 1830, was 26,413, of whom 13.534 were poor ■and 12,879 pay patients. In front of the building is a colossal statue of William Penn. The present officers are Thomas Stewardson, Thomas Morris, Roberts Vaux, Charles Watson, Charles Roberts, William W. Fisher, John Paul, John J. Smith, Mordecai Lewis, Alexander W. Johnson, Joseph Price, Bartholomew Wistar. Thomas Stew- ardson, President; Roberts Vaux, Secretary of the board; Samuel N. Lewis, Treaswer. The Dispensaries. These valuable institutions are destined to afford medical assistance to the poor and needy at their own houses. It is obvious that there must be many, the situation of whose domestic affairs prevents their entering" a hospital; and there are many others, whom an excusable pride deters from a public ex- hibition of their misery and wants. To such, an institution like the Dispensary must prove a sig-nal blessing"; and it cannot be doubted, that many valuable lives are saved to the community by its op- eration. The objects of its charity are the indigent sick of every description, and in every disease. Those who are unable to go abroad, are visited at their own houses ; but those who can come out, attend at the Dispensary, where the physicians pre- scribe for them at stated times. There are three institutions of this nature in Philadelphia. 66 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . 1. The Philadelphia, or Central Lispemary, es- tablished in 1786, occupies a neat and commodious building erected for the purpose in 1801, and situat- ed in Fifth street between Chestnut and Walnut, op- posite to Independence Square. The number of pa- tients under the care of this institution from Decem- ber 1828 to December 1829 was 4213, of whom 4016 recovered, and only 70 died. The receipts during* that period amounted to $2856 84 cents, and the dis- bursements to §2359 57 cents. The present officers are William White , D.D. Pj-esident,- William Davidson, Treasurer ; and twelve managers. There are eight attending physicians and surgeons, and four consult- ing physicians and sui'geons. 2. The Northern Dispensary was established In 1816, and is located in a private building at No. 37 3 North Front street, opposite to Green street. Dur- ing the year 1829, 726 patients were under the care of this institution, of whom 685 recovered and 21 died. Its receipts during 1829 amounted to $601 42 cents and its disbursements to §409 33 cents. The officers for the present year are George Boyd, President; John C Browne, Treasurer ,- J oseTph. S. Riley, Secretary; and twelve managers. There are six attending physicians and three consulting phy- sicians. 3. The Southern Dispensary established in 1816 is situated on the south side of Shippen street, be- tween Third and Fourth streets. The number of patients under the care of this institution from De- Charitable Institutions. 57 cember 15, 1828 to December 15, 1829 was 1443, of whom 1329 were cured and 23 died. Its receipts during- 1829 amounted to 442 dollars, while its expen- ditures were 568 dollars. The officers for 1830 are Charles Penrose, Pres/c?e?z^/ Peter Williamson, Secre- tary/; and twelve managers. The Public Mms-House. The Aims-House or House of Employment, estab- lished bylaw for the reception of the poor, is situat- ed on the square between Spruce and Pine, Tenth and Eleventh streets, and comprises a very extensive range of buildings. The establishment is under the direction of nine managers appointed by the guar- dians of the poor. In 1810, the average number of paupers supported and employed in the Aims-House was Men . . 526 Women . 385 Children . 383 Total . . 1294 The sum expended for their support was $50,761 87 cents, being about $o9 for each pauper. The tax levied in 1811 for the support of the poor of the city and county, including- those in the Aims-House, was $83,000. In 1823 the average number of paupers in the 58 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . Aims-House was 1225 ; besides whom 180 children were maintained at the Asylum in Fifth street. The sum expended for the support of the paupers in the Aims-House in 1823, was about $52,000, being for each pauper about $42. The tax levied on the city and county in 1823, for the support of the poor, was about $120,000. TJie sum expended for the support of the paupers in the Aims-House in 1829 was §49,835, and the averag-e number of paupers was 1092, being- for the support of each about 45 dollars. In 1820, the manag-ers established an Asylum for the children of the poor distinct from the Aims- House, in a large building on Fifth street, below Prime street in Southwark, which they have since purchased. The good effects of this cliange upon the health and morals of the children, are very per- ceptible. At the Aims-House there is an Infirmary, and clini- cal lectures are delivered to the medical class during the winter, by the professors of the medical school. There are two graduates, and four medical students, who reside in the house ; and four surgeons, four physicians, and two accoucheurs, attached to the in- stitution. Resident students pay an initiation fee of two hundred dollars, and are boarded and lodged in the house for one year. Medical students pay ten dollars for a ticket to attend the practice of the In- firmary, and have the use of the library, containing nearly 3000 volumes. Charitable Institutions. 59 Most of the mechanical occupations are pursued within the walls of the institution by those who are able to work, and a portion of the expenses of the institution is defrayed by the proceeds of their lab our. A tread wheel for grinding- grain has of late years been introduced. The Friends' Mms-House Is situated in Walnut street, on the south side, be- tween Third and Fourth streets. This interesting establishment is devoted by the society of Friends to the support or comfort of their own poor. The building forms a hollow square, and consists of a number of small rooms, each opening on a lot of ground, which is appropriated to the cultivation of herbs and other vegetables. Nothing can be more judicious than the plan and management of this in stitution, which, without altogether depriving its inmates of the feeling of independence, provides for disease and declining years a refuge and main- tenance. Orjjhan Asylum^ Instituted by a society of ladies, in 1814, to pro- vide for the support and education of poor children deprived of their parents. The Asylum is superin- tended by twenty -four manag-ers, chosen annually by the contributors, who pay each two dollars per annum. A payment of thirty dollars creates a membership for life. The lot of ground on which the Asylum stands, 60 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 , at the north-east corner of Cherry street and Schuyl- kill Fifth street, was presented to the institution by Messrs Ralston, Archer, Richards, and Wetherill; and a building was erected in 1817. On the morning of the 24th of January 1822, this building was con- sumed by an accidental fire, and twenty -three of the little inmates perished. The sensibility of the citi- zens of Philadelphia was awakened by this lament- able occuiTence, and private subscriptions to the amount of nearly 28,000 dollars were obtained, which with a liberal grant of 5000 dollars by the legislature of Pennsylvania, enabled the managers to rebuild the edifice. The present building, standing on the site of the former, has been constructed with a view to security from fire ; and the arrangements for the convenience of the inmates are very judicious. Since March 3, 1815, when the first orphans were received, two hundred and thirty two have been ad- mitted into the Asylum, and at a proper age 105 have been indentured. Ninety-five are there at present. The expenses for maintaining the family in 1829 were 3700 dollars, and the income, arising from per- manent funds and donations upward of 4100 dollars. The munificent legacy of our late liberal fellow citizen Frederick Kohne, Esq. has provided against the future wants of the institution and identified his name with its prosperity. The Institution is under two directresses, a sec- retary, treasurer, and twenty -four managers, elected Charitable Institutions. 6 1 annually. First Directress, Mrs Sarah W. Fisher 5 Second Directress, Mrs Letitia Buchanan 5 Treasurer, Mrs Julia R. Williams ; Secretary, Miss Rebecca Gratz. St Joseph's Orphan Asylum, An institution for the education and support of orphans of Cathohc parents, was incorporated in 1807. The Asylum is in Sixth street, near Spruce, adjoining the Church of the Holy Trinity. Seventy- three orphans have received support and education from this institution since its establishment, twenty- eight of whom are at present in the Asylum, under the care of Sisters of Charity, who receive no com- pensation for their services. The institution is sup- ported by donations and annual subscriptions. Its officers are — Rev. Michael Hurley, President-^ Lewis 'RydiW, Treasurer; Rev. JohnHug-hes, CAa/?/a/w/ and Joseph Snyder, Secretary. The Asylum for Indigent Widotus and Single Women Was instituted in 1817 by a society of ladies, and provides a comfortable home and a decent main- tenance for females in reduced circumstances. The Asylum is a neat substantial brick building, on Cherry street, between Schuylkill Fifth and Sixth streets. The government of the institution is vested in a first and second directress, a treasurer, secretary and twenty-four managers, who are chosen annually. F 62 Philadelphia in 1 830— I . ' Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb Was incorporated Feb. 8, 1821, and the legislature endowed it by a g-rant of eight thousand dollars, and al- so provided for the payment of 160 dollars per annum for four years, for the support and education of every indigent mute child, of suitable age, in the common- wealth of Pennsylvania, which should be admitted to the institution, provided that the annual payment should not exceed 8000 dollars. The system of edu- cation adopted in this establishment is that of the abbe de I'Epee and Sicard, which has been so successfully practised in Europe. The Asylum located on the west side of Broad street near the corner of Pine street, was designed by Haviland and is constructed of granite; the founda- tion was laid in the month of May 1824. It is com- posed of a centre building, fifty feet front by sixty- three in depth ; with wings of two stories, each twenty-five feet in width, and extending at right angles with the centre 92 feet, and the whole front is 96 feet 6 inches. The basement is appropriated for dining rooms, work shops, baths, apartments for culinary and other domestic purposes. The next floor is devoted to parlours, offices, a chapel, and spacious passages to the wings, where the children pass the time not employed in school, or in the courts or shops. The upper story of the main buil- ding is divided into school rooms and chambers for the matron and principal teachers- The pupils Charitahle In.Hitutions. G3 are lodged in the second story of the wlng-s, the sexes being" carefully separated ; and for security against fire the stair cases from the basement to the chambers are of marble. Besides the care of the intellectual and moral edu- cation of the pupils, the managers of this noble institution have exerted themselves to instruct them in useful branches of manufacture, that they may be qualified on leaving the Asylum to maintain them- selves in honest industry. The profits derivedby the institution from the manufacture of different articles during the year 1829 amounted to ^285 63 cents. The average number of pupils in the institution during 1829, was 75, and the expenditure during the year ending May 1, 1830 was §10,689 70 cents. One afternoon in every week is assigned for the admission of strangers sojourning in the city who may be disposed to visit the Asylum and witness the exercises of the pupils, for which purpose a card must be obtained from one of the directors. Christ Church Hospital. An institution for the relief and support of aged females of the Episcopal Church, was founded by Dr John Kearsley, formerly an eminent physician of Philadelphia, who bequeathed a considerable estate to the rector, wardens, and vestry of the United Episcopal Churches, for this purpose. Subsequent bequests and contributions have augmented the funds of this valuable charity, which supplies food, 64 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . lodg-ing- and medical attendance to about sixteen females. The institution, which was for a long time established at No. Ill Arch street, has recentl}^ been removed to a new and convenient building-, erected for the purpose in Cherry street above Third, sixty feet in front and forty in depth. Lunatic Asylum. This institution was established with funds fur- nished almost exclusively by members of the society of Friends belonging- to the yearly meeting held at Philadelphia, which embraces within its limits the eastern part of Pennsylvania, the states of New Jer- sey and Delaware, and the eastern shore of Mary- land. The present site of the Asylum is near Frankford, about five miles from Philadelphia, and was pur- chased in 1814, at a cost of about §10,000. The cost of the Asylum, with the outbuildings, was about §45,000. The building for the reception of patients is of stone, and consists of a centre edifice, three stories high, and about sixty feet square, and two wings, each about one hundred feet long, twenty -four feet wide, and two stories hig-h. The wings are divided into rooms, about nine and a half feet each by ten feet, with a passage or hall ten feet in width. Each room has a window, and a transom over the door. The sashes are of cast iron, but resemble wood work so much, that the difference is not easily per- ceived. Several of the rooms are so constructed as to admit rarefied air from stoves in the basement Charitable Institutions. 65 story, and having a ventilator in the ceihng" opening' into the g-arret, can be made perfectly dark, and have the advantage of heat, when necessary to keep patients continually in them. The house was opened for patients in May 1817", under the direction of a board of twenty mana- gers, a committee of whom visit the house weekly, A physician visits the house daily, and consulting physicians attend from Philadelphia when necessary. Occupation is provided for the patients whenever the state of their minds will admit of it, and one of the objects of the institution seems to be to keep from the minds of the patients any idea of restraint or confinement. No persons are admitted as visitors to the apart- ments occupied by the patients, unless introduced by a manager. Near relations, or particular friends of patients, are excepted from this rule. Provident Society. This valuable institution was established for the purpose of enabling persons in indigent circumstan- ces to support themselves by their own industry. Its operations commenced in Febraary 1824. During the first eight weeks of its existence, it gave em- ployment to 1400 persons, the greater part of whom performed the work given out to them at their own houses. The house of industry, established by this society, is at No. 3, South Alley, between Fifth and Sixth streets. In 1825 an asylum for lost children F2 66 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . was established by the society. President, Bishop White; Vice Presidents, Joseph Watson and Roberts Vaux, Female Society for the Relief and Employment of the Poor Was instituted in the year 1793, and affords em- ployment to industrious females. A house of indus- try has been established by this society, in which they employ poor women in spinning wool and flax. The females thus employed receive food and wag-es from the society, and the produce of their labour is sold at the warehouse of the society for the benefit of their funds. Female Hospitable Society, Another benevolent institution for the relief and employment of the poor, was instituted in 1809. Its purposes and objects are similar to those of the last named society, excepting" that the Hospitable So- ciety gives employment to poor females at their own homes. The city is divided into districts, each of which is allotted to a committee of members, who attend to the sick or afflicted in the quarter assigned to them. The ware -room of the institution is at No. 1, Appletree alley; and the society have for sale, at No. 54 North Fourth street, cotton, flax, and wool- len yarn, sewing thread, sheets, table linen, &c. ma- nufactured by the poor. Charitable Institutions, 67 The Saving Fund Society ^ An admirable institution for the prevention of pauperism, possessing all the advantages without the inconvenience and risk of the mutual benefit socie- ties, was incorporated on the 25th of February 1819, and authorized to receive deposits to an amount not exceeding 300,000 dollars. The office of the insti- tution is at No. 66 Walnut street, and is open to re- ceive deposits on the Monday and Thursday after- noons of each week. No deposits of a larger sum than 500 dollars in one year, from one person, can be received. By a subsequent act of assembly, the amount of capital fund has been extended to 600,000 dollars. The affairs of the institution are managed by twenty- five directors. The Saving Fuel Society Is similar in its objects to the last named associa- tion. It affords an opportunity for the poor to pro- vide themselves with fuel in the inclement part of the winter, at a moderate cost, by the payment of a small sum per week during the summer and autumn. The wood is purchased by the society when it is cheapest in the market, and deposited in convenient places, whence it is drawn out by the contributors, according to the amount of their payments. A great saving of money is thus made to the poor, who in severe winters are often obliged to pay enormous prices for wood. The institution was established in 68 Philadelphia in 1 830-- 1 . 1821. Deposits not exceeding" twenty dollars for any one family, may be made at any of the offices established by the society, which are fourteen in number. Soup Societies. Several associations have been formed in Phila- delphia and its vicinity, for the supply of the poor with nourishing- soup during* the winter. The ne- cessary funds are supplied by small annual contribu- tions of benevolent persons. Humane Society^ Established in 1780 for the aid of persons whose vital functions are suspended in consequence of drowning-, suffocation, &c. For the purpose of re- covering- the bodies of drowned persons, drag's are placed at all the ferries and places of public resort on the Delaware and Schuylkill, with the usual ap- paratus and medicines. The society has also offered premiums for the best dissertations on the means of restoring- to life persons apparently dead by drown- ing-. Many valuable lives have been saved by the exertions of this society. The expenditure is about four hundred dollars per annum. Magdalen Society, Instituted in 1800. Its objects are, "to aid in restoring- to the paths of virtue those unhappy fe- males who have been robbed of their innocence. Charitable Institutions. 69 and are desirous of returning- to a life of rectitude." The objects of the sohcitude of the society are maintained in an asylum, purchased for the institu- tion, at the corner of Race and Schuylkill Second streets. The Roman Catholic Society for the Relief of Destitute Orphans. This society went into operation May 1, 1830. The building at present occupied, is a private house. No. 10, Prune street. The society is superintended by the Sisters of Charity, under the direction of the Rev. Mr Hughes. The Philadelphia Society for alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons. A society, contemplating similar purposes, was formed just before the revolutionary war, but its operations were interrupted by the struggle for in- dependence. In the year 1787, the present institu- tion was organized. Its title would imply only the employment of benevolent offices toward the suffer- ing inmates of prisons : but, whilst it has always ex- tended relief to offenders against the laws, this so- ciety enjoys the honourable distinction of having successfully laboured until it witnessed a reforma- tion in the penal code of Pennsylvania. When it began its work of beneficence, the jails of Pennsyl- vania presented a melancholy spectacle. Prisoners of both sexes, and of all ages, the long transgressing 70 Philadelphia in 1 8 30— 1 . culprit and the novice in crime, the accused and the convicted, promiscuously associated together. The pillory and whipping--post were resorted to, to de- grade rather than to reform offenders found guilty of minor offences ; whilst the awful punishment of death was the penalty of all the higher order of crimes. The reverse of this now distinguishes Penn- sylvania ; her example has excited the notice of re- mote nations, and efforts ai-e making to profit by that example. The Right Rev. Kishop White is president of this society; Roberts Vaux and Bartholomew Wistar are the committee of correspondence, to whom applica- tion may be made by strangers for further informa- tion. Abolition Society, "The Pennsylvania Society for promoting the Abolition of Slavery, the relief of free Negroes un- lawfully held in bondage, and for improving the con- dition of the African race," was formed in the year 1774y enlarged in 1787, and incorporated in 1789. Among those who first associated for the promotion of these just and generous purposes, was Benezet, the philanthropist ; and, subsequently to the close of his labours, Frankhn and Pemberton, Rush and Wistar, have contributed their talents and influence to the same laudable objects. The chief end of the original institution, the aboli- tion of slavery in Pennsylvania, liaving been accom- Charitable Institutions. 71 plished, the society now directs it attention to the moral culture and mental elevation of the descen- dants of the long" deg-raded African, supporting" and superintending elementary schools in which coloured children are gratuitously instructed. The efforts of the society are also exerted in vindicating the rights of free negroes, who are sometimes fraudulently claimed as slaves by unworthy individuals, and but for such interposition, would fall a prey to avarice and all the evils of servitude. The president of the society at this time is William Rawle, Esq. The schools are held in a plain neat building, erected for the purpose, on Cherry street, between Sixth and Seventh streets. Masonic Societies. A Grand Lodge of *' Moderns," appears to have existed in Philadelphia so early as 1732. In 1743, Thomas Oxnard was appointed Provincial Grand Master of all North America ; and in 1749, Benja- min Franklin received the appointment of Provin- cial Grand Master of Pennsylvania. The first Grand Lodge of "Ancient York Masons," was held in 1761. Since that period various subordinate lodg-es have been established in the city and throughout the state. In 1809, a large and commodious edifice on the north side of Chestnut street, between Seventh and Eighth streets, was erected for the accommodation of the different lodges. This building, more remarkable for its size than its architectural beautv, was in a 72 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . great part destroyed by an accidental fire in 1818, but rebuilt in the same year. Besides the institutions, of which a brief account has been g-iven, there are in Philadelphia upwards of one hundred and fifty societies, — for even the names of which we have not room, — v/hich afford to their members, oi* to strangers, assistance, relief, comfort, or protection. Most of them are mutual benefit societies, associations of tradesmen and me- chanics for the support of each other in sickness and infirmity. The joint stock is commonly derived from weekly or other payments of small sums by the mem- bers- There are also among this number several societies for the relief of foreigners in distress- Such are the German Society, the Society of St Andrew, the St George's Society, &c. Franklin Fund. Among the charities of Philadelphia, may perhaps be enumerated the bequest made by Dr Franklin to the corporation of the city, for the purpose of lend- ing small sums "to such young unmarried artificers under the age of twenty-five years, as have served an apprenticeship in the city, and faithfully fulfilled the duties requiredjin their indentures." The legacy amounted to $4444 44 cents, or £1000 sterling. No loan to one person is to exceed £60, nor to be less than £15. The interest paid by the borrower is five per cent, and he is required to give a bond, with Charitable Institutions. 73 two sureties, for the repayment of the money. The amount of the fund, on the 1st of January 1830, in- cluding interest due, was $22,062, being an increase of $17,618. Dr Franklin calculated, that at the end of one hundred years it would amount to £131,000 sterling", or $581,640, of which he recommended that £100,000 should be applied to public purposes, and the balance of £31,000 left to accumulate for ano- ther century, at the end of which period he sup- posed that it would amount to upwards of four mil- lions of pounds sterling", or upwards of seventeen millions of dollars, which is to be divided between the inhabitants of Philadelphia and the government of Pennsylvania. John Scott's Legacies. The sum of three thousand dollars, United States three per cents, was bequeathed to the corporation for the same purposes, by John Scott, in 1816. The same benevolent individual also bequeathed the further sum of four thousand dollars in the funded three per cent stock of the United States, to the corporation of the city of Philadelphia, to the in- tent, "that the interest and dividends to become receivable thereon, should be laid out in premiums to be distributed among ingenious men and women, who make useful inventions, but no such premium to exceed twenty dollars; and that therewith shall be given a copper medal with this inscription : ' To THE MOST DESERVING.'" The sclect aud common G 74 Philadelphia in ISoO — 1. councils, by an ordinance passed November 22d, 1821, entrusted " The Philadelphia Society for pro- moting Agriculture,^' with the distribution of the aforesaid premiums and medals, for the term of five years; and on the 25th of January 1827, they renew- ed the ordinance for a further period of seven years. Successive committees of the Society were appoint- ed to attend to the business, by which twenty-three premiums have been awarded, to the amount of $400, besides medals. Bequests to the Poor of Philadelphia. Several funds have been created by benevolent persons for the relief of the poor, 1. ^^ The Fund for supplying the Necessitous Poor with Fuel," has arisen from leg-acies given by differ- ent persons, and consists of $1932 88 cents. United States three per cents, two shares of the stock of the Bank of Pennsylvania, and fifty shares of the City Loan 5 the interest of which is annually distributed in wood. 2. The Fund for the relief of persons in the City Hospital, during the existence of Yellow Fever, was created by a legacy of £1000, given for the purpose by John Bleakley, Esq. by his will, dated the 19th of April 1802. 3. The Fund for supplying the Poor with Bread, arises from bequests made by William Carter and Petty, of one hundred dollars each, the inte- rest of which is laid out in bread, which is annually Charitable Institutions. lb distributed by the g-uardians of the poor among the necessitous. One of the greatest benefactors of the public cha- rities of Philadelphia was John Keble, who derived his own education from the charity of the *' Blue- Coat Hospital" of London. By his will he be- queathed the residue of his estate, amounting to $103,114, to the Episcopal ministers of Philadelphia, to be distributed to pious and charitable purposes, according to their judgment. House of Refuge. This institution, so highly important to public morals, was projected in 1826, by certain charitable individuals. After the society was organised, com- mittees were appointed to solicit contributions in aid of the undertaking. The sum subscribed was $8104 41 cents. An application was also made, during the same year, for assistance to the legislature, which granted with great liberality the sum of ten thousand dollars from the state treasury ; ten thousand dollars was also obtained from the county of Philadelphia, towards the erection of buildings, and the county commissioners were authorised to pay the further sum of five thousand dollars per annum for five years, commencing in 1829, to be applied to the support of the institution. Thus encouraged, the managers, on the 2lst of June 1827, commenced a building adequate to the public exigences, and in less than six months from that time, nearly all the 76 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . mason work was finished and the house covered In. The whole cost of the building was $38,000. The site of the House of Tlefuge is at the corner of the Ridg-e Road and Francis's Lane. A plot of ground, 400 feet in length from east to west, and 231 feet In breadth from north to south, bounded by streets on all sides, has been enclosed with a stone wall two feet tliick and twenty feet in height. The main edifice fronts on Howard Street, and is 92 feet in length by 30 in depth. This building Is for the accommodation of the keeper's family and the ma- nagers, and contains convenient apartments for a library, and for infirmaries for the delinquents. The wings on each side, extend the whole length of the front, and contain three ranges of stories of cells, four feet by seven feet each, for separate lodging rooms. These cells, of which there are eighty-six in either wing, are furnished only with a small bed- stead and shelf; but well lighted and ventilated, and exposed at all times to absolute superintendence and inspection. Workshops are constructed in the extensive area, which is surrounded by a lofty wall. The kitchen apartments are arranged in the rear of the centre building. A chapel of moderate dimen- sions is constructed, so as to keep the different sexes from conversation, and even from seeing each other. Religious exercises are performed twice on each Sunday, by clergymen of different denominations. Large intervals between the several buildings afford the means of recreation, exercise and rational amuse- Charitable Institutions. 77 ment in the open air. The main building is covered with tin, and the dormitories are slated. The establishment was formally opened on the 29th of November 1828, and on the 8th of Decem- ber following, the first subject was introduced to the discipline of the house : since which, the num- ber of inmates has increased with a rapidity which threatens to be greatly disproportioned to the per- manent means for their support and instruction; as the house is open for the reception, not only of the idle and deserted of the neighbourhood, but of any part of Pennsylvania. The law authorises the re- ception of all males under the age of twenty-one, and females not exceeding that of eighteen. A description of the course of employment for a single day will serve to show the general habits and occupations of the place : The bell rings at a quarter before five o'clock in the morning. At five o'clock the dormitories are opened, and the boys after washing and combing, assemble in the hall for morning worship. Their school exercises next commence, and continue till seven o'clock, when they breakfast. At half past seven they go to work, and continue at work until twelve, which is the time of dining. After finishing their dinner, they have a lesson or lecture on some useful, moral or scientific subject, until one o'clock. From one until five, when they go to supper, they are engaged at their respective employments. If the work be done within the allotted time, half an G 2 78 Philadelphia in \ 850— \. hour is allowed for recreation and play. School be- gins at half past five, and they remain there until a quarter before eight, when, after evening prayers, they retire to rest, and the dormitories are safely locked. With slight variations, the occupations and duties of the females are conducted in a like manner. Two hundred and seventy -nine inhabitants can be lodged, educated and employed, viz. 196 boys and 83 girls. It is stated in the report of 1830, that dur- ing the last twelve months, fifty-two have been bound by indenture. The amount of the annual expense is about $12,000, and an interest is payable on the permanent debt of $1320 per annum. BANKS. Bank of the United States Was established by act of congress, on the 10th day of April 1816, and chartered until the 3d day of March 1836. The bonus to the government was 1,500,000 dollars. Its capital is 35,000,000 dollars, divided into 350,000 shares of 100 dollars each : of these the government subscribed 70,000 shares, and is there- fore one-fifth proprietor of the bank. The capital is divided between the parent bank at Philadelphia, and the different offices of discount and deposit, or branches, established in various parts pf the union. The present distribution of these |)ranches is as follows : — At Portland in Maine, at Banks. 79 Burlington in Vermont, at Portsmouth in New Hamp- shire, at Providence in Rhode Island, at Boston in Massachusetts, at Hartford in Connecticut, at New- York in New York, at Buffaloe in New York, at Baltimore in Maryland, at Washing-ton in the Dis- trict of Columbia, at Richmond in Virginia, at Nor- folk in Virginia, at Fayetteville in North Carolina, at Charleston in South Carolina, at Savannah in Georgia, at Mobile in Alabama, at New Orleans in Louisiana, at St Louis in Missouri, at Lexington in Kentucky, at Louisville in Kentucky, at Cincinnati in Ohio, and at Pittsburg in Pennsylvania. The general administration of the bank is entrust- ed to a board of twenty-five directors, of whom five are annually appointed by the president and senate of the United States, and twenty are annually elect- ed by the stockholders. The branches are managed by a board of directors, annually chosen by the pa- rent board, and consisting of from seven to thirteen members. Description of the Banking-House. — This building is formed on the plan of the Parthenon at Athens, so far as it could be, consistently with the different pur- poses for which it is designed, and dispensing of course with the flanking columns, and every appen- dage of mere decoration. The ascent to the porticos is by a flight of six step to a terrace extending in front of the building, an sixteen feet on each flank. On this platform, being eighty-seven feet in front and one hundred and sixty -one feet in depth, includin 80 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . the porticos, the building" is erected. In front, steps of marble lead to the basement, projecting ten feet six inches in front of the building-, and upon which rise eig-ht Doric columns, four feet six inches in dia- meter, and twenty-seven feet in heig-ht, supporting- a plain entablature, and a pediment, the vertical an- gle of which is 153°. The door of entrance opens into a large vestibule with circular ends, embracing the transfer and loan offices on the right and left, together with a com- modious lobby leading to the banking-room. The vestibule ceiling is a prolonged pannelled dome, di- vided into three compartments by bands enriched with the guilloches springing from a projecting im- post containing a sunken frette. The pavement is tesselated with American and Italian marble through- out- The banking-room occupies the centre of the building, being forty-eight feet wide, having its length, eighty-one feet, in an east and west direction, and lighted exclusively from these aspects. Its leading features present a double range of six fluted marble columns, twenty -two inches in diameter, at a distance of ten feet each from the side walls, forming a screen or gallery for the clerks' desks, which are placed within the intercolumniations. These co- lumns are of the Greek Ionic order, with a full en- tablature and blocking course, on which the great central and lateral arches are supported: the central arch, being semi-cylindrical, is twenty-eight feet in Banks. 8 1 diameter, eighty-one feet in length, and subdivided into seven compartments, with projecting concentric platbands over and of equal diameter with each co- lumn, the intervals being enriched with square sunk- en moulded panels: this ceiling is thirty-five feet from the floor to the crown of the arch, and is ex- ecuted with great precision and effect. An Isthmian wreath, carved in one entire block of Pennsylvania white marble, surrounds the clock face, which oc- cupies the space of the first panel over the entabla- ture in the centre, the design of which is copied from the reverse of an antique gem found at Corinth, and described by Stuart in his work on the Antiqui- ties of Athens. The tellers' counters are composed of marble, forming panelled pedestals across each end of the banking-room, commencing at the first column from each of the end walls. The stockholders' room is a parallelogram of twenty-eight feet by fifty, being lighted from the portico of the south front, having a groin arched ceiling, with projecting platbands, enriched with guilloches springing near the base of the groin angle, across the semi-circular intrados of the arch. Each end of the room is ornamented with niches eight feet wide, the heads of which form an architrave con- centric with the semi -circular panels in the tympanum of the shortest diameter. The committee rooms from the stockholders' open right and left, flanked by two flights of marble stairs, leading to the clock chamber and other apartments in the second story. 82 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . The private stairway from the banking-room leads to the directors', eng-ravers', and copperplate prin- ters' rooms, being hghted from the roof. All the in- ternal door-jambs, sills, and imposts, are of marble. The banking-room is amply warmed by two cast U'on furnaces, lined with fire brick, being simply erected within an air chamber, through which the external atmosphere passes, and becomes heated by the furnace: it then rises through the arch into a circular cast-iron pedestal, perforated on the sides, out of which it is suffered to escape into the room. The whole body of the building is arched in a bomb-proof manner from the cellar to the roof, which is covered with copper. All the groin arches are girdled at the springing line with iron straps, passing round within the body of the division walls. The foundation stone was laid on the 19th day of April 1819; and the whole building was completed in August 1824. 2. Bank of North Amerlcay The oldest bank in the United States, was estab- lished in consequence of the depressed state of the jfinances of the United States, in 1781 ; and it is be- lieved that its institution,and the exertions of Mr Ro- bert Morris, its originator, saved the treasury from be- coming publicly bankrupt. A charter was obtained from congress in December 1781; and in April 1782 an additional act of incorporation was passed by the legislature of Pennsylvania. This, however, was Banks. 83 repealed in 1785, owing to the prejudices of some of the country members ; but in 1787 a new charter was granted, which has been at different times since re- newed. The capitalis 1,000,000 dollars. The bank- ing-house is a plain brick building, rough-cast, on the north side of Chestnut street, between Third and Fourth streets. The discount days are Mondays and Thursdays. Pr•es^c?e7^^, Henry Nixon; Cashier, Henry Rollings worth. 3. Bank of Pennsylvania^ Incorporated in 1793, for twenty years. In 1810 the charter was renewed for twenty-one years. The capital stock is 2,500,000 dollars, of which the state holds to the amount of 1,500,000 dollars. Branches of this bank have been established at Lancaster and Easton. The directors are in number twenty-five, of whom three are annually appointed by eachbranch of the legislature, and the remaining nineteen are annually elected by the stockholders. The bank- ing-house of this company is in Second street, be- tween Chestnut and Walnut streets. This structure, from a design by the late Mr Latrobe, is the most pure model of Grecian architecture in this country, with the single exception of the Lank of the United States. The design is from the temple of the Muses, on the Ilyssus, near Athens, with two Ionic porticos of six columns each, supporting entablatures and pe- diments. The whole building, 125 feet by 51, is of white Pennsylvania marble. The banking-room is 84 Philadelphia in 1830— 1. circular, surrounded by a dome covered with marble, and lighted by a lantern in the centre. The stock- holders' room opens on the western portico, in front of which is a small but beautiful garden, surrounded by an iron palisade. The first stone of this classical and graceful structure was laid in April 1799, and the whole was finished in 1801. The officers of the institution are — Joseph Parker Norris, President ; Joseph Trotter, Cashier. Dis- count days, Wednesdays and Saturdays. 4. Bank of Philadelphia. This bank was incorporated in 1804, with a capi- tal of 2,000,000, of which the state holds upwards of 500,000 dollai's. The charter was limited to twenty years ; but in 1823, it was renewed for fifteen years. Thirteen directors are annually elected by the stockholders, and two are annually appointed by each branch of the legislature. Branches of this bank have been established at Washington, Harris- burg, and other places. The banking-house is at the south-west corner of Chestnut and Fourth streets. It is a neat and correct specimen of the Gothic style of architecture, and reflects great credit on the taste of Mr Latrobe, the architect. The building is constructed of brick, which has recently been roughcast and coloured in imitation of marble. The officers are — John Read, President ; Quin- tin Campbell, Cashier. Discount days, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. Banks, 5. Farmers and Mechanics^ Bank, Incorporated, in 1809, for fifteen years. The charter was renewed for twenty years, in 1824. The capital is 1,250,000 dollars. There are thir- teen directors annually elected by the stockholders. A majority of the directors must be farmers, me- chanics, or manufacturers. The banking-house is a plainbrick building", recently rough-cast, in Chestnut street between Fourth and Fifth streets, and oppo- site to the bank of the United States. The officers are — Joseph Tagert, President; W. Patton, Jun. Cashier, Discount days, Tuesdays and Fridays. 6. Commercial Bank, Incorporated in 1814, with a capital of 1,000,000 dollars. The charter was renewed in 1824, for ten years from April 1825. The directors are annually elected by the stockholders. The banking-house is a neat marble building on the north side of Mar- ket street above Second street. President, Andrew Bayard ; Cashier^ Benjamin P. Smith. Discount days, Tuesdays and Fridays. 7. Mechanics' Bank, Incorporated in 1814, with a capital of 1,000,000 dollars. In 1824, the charter was renewed for eight years, from April 1825. The directors are annually elected by the stockholders. The banking-house H 86 Philadelphia in 1 830— I . is a neat brick building-, on the east side of Third street, between Market and Chestnut streets. President, Samuel Lamb ; CasAter, Joseph B. Mitch- ell. Discount days, Tuesdays and Fridays. 8. Schuylkill Bank, Incorporated in 1814, with a capital of 1,000,000 dollars. The charter was extended, in 1824, to the 1st of May 1837. The directors are annually elected by the stockholders. The banking'-house is at the south east corner of Market and Sixth streets. President, William Meredith; Cashier^ H. J. Levis. Discount days, Tuesdays and Fridays. 9. Bank of the Northern Liberties, Incorporated in 1814, with a capital of 200,000 dollars. The charter was extended to 1835, by an act passed in 1823. The directors are annually elected by the stockholders. The banking-house is on the north side of Vine street, between Third and Second streets. President, John Barclay; Cashier, D. Maude ville. Discount days, Tuesdays and Fridays. 10. Stephen Girard's Bank. The capital of this bank is supplied entirely by the wealthy individual whose name it bears. The banking-house, in Third street, between Chestnut and Walnut streets, was built for, and occupied for BanJcs. 87 many years by the old Bank of the United States. It is a spacious building", with a marble front, and a portico with six marble columns of the Corinthian order. Cashier, Joseph lloberts. Discount days, Wednes- days and Saturdays. 11. Bank ofPenn Township, Incorporated in 1828, with a capital of 250,000 dollars. The charter to expire January 1, 1840. The banking'-house is a plain brick building* at the south-west corner of Callowliill and Sixth streets. The board have purchased the vacant lot at the north-west corner of Sixth and Vine streets for the purpose of erecting a banking'-house thereon. Presidenty Daniel H. Miller; Cashier, Jacob Frick. Discount days, Wednesdays and Saturdays. 12. Bank of Southwark, Incorporated in 1825, with a capital of 250,000 dollars, for eig'ht years; the charter has since been extended to 1843. The banking-house is a plain building- in South Second street, west side, four doors below South street. President, Samuel Comly ; Cashier, J. S. Smith, Jun. Discount days, Mondays and Thursdays. 13. Kensington Bank, Incorporated in 1826, with a capital of 250,000 dollars. The charter to expire in 1836. The bank- ing-house is in Beach street below Maiden street. 8 8 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . President, John C. Browne; Cashier ^ Charles Kean. Discount days, Tuesdays and Fridays. The different banks of Philadelphia are open from nine A.M. until three P.M., every day, except Sundays, Christmas, and the 4th of July. INSURANCE COMPANIES. Marine^ Insurance Companies. Tor the insurance of property exposed to the risks of sea and fire, several companies have been estab- lished in Philadelphia. Until within the last thirty years, this business was usually performed by private underwriters. An insurance office for shipping is said to have been established so early as 1720, by John Copson. In 1792, William Bradford opened a marine insurance office, which was continued until about the revolution. The first company that asso- ciated with a joint stock for this purpose was incor- porated in 1794, under the name of the Insurance Company of North America. The capital of this association is $600,000, which is divided into shares of ten dollars each. Besides insurance on vessels and cargoes at sea, property is insured from loss by fire at this office. The direc- tors, fifteen in number, are annually elected by the stockholders. Insurance Companies. 89 President, John Inskee-p. Office, No. 40 Walnut street. 2. Insurance Company of Pennsylvania, Incorporated in 1794, with a capital of ^500,000, divided into shares of four hundred dollars each. The operations of this office are confined to marine risks. Thirteen directors are annually elected by the stockholders. President, Charles Macalister. Office, corner of Second and Dock streets. 3. Union Insurance Company, Incorporated in 1804. The capital is .^300,000, divided into shares of $60 each. President, Lewis Clapier. Office, No. 45 Walnut street. 4. Phoenix Insurance Company, Incorporated in 1804. The capital is $480,000, divided into shares of $80 each. President^ David Lewis. Office, No. 96 South Second street. 5. Delaware Insurance Company, Incorporated in 1804. There are fifteen directors chosen annually by the stockholders. President, Samuel Keith. Office at the south east corner of Second and W^alnut streets. H 2 90 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . 6. Philadelphia Insurance Company ^ Incorporated in 1804, with a capital of $400,000, divided into shares of §100 each. President, John Ashley. Office at the south west corner of Second and Walnut streets. 7. United States Insurance Company ^ Incorporated in 1810. The capital is §200,000, divided into shares of $25 each. ' Thirteen directors are annually elected by the stockholders. President^ William Young. Office, No 36 Walnut street. 8. Marijie Insurance Company, Incorporated in 1809, with a capital of $300,000, divided into shares of $100 each. Thirteen directors are annually elected. PresiWm^, John Leamy. Office, No. 4^ Walnut street. 9. Atlantic Insurance Company , Incorporated in 1825. The capital $300,000, di- vided into shares of $100 each. President, Robert Wain. Office, No. 38 Walnut street. Fire Insurance Companies. There are in Philadelphia six institutions for the insiu'ance of property against fire only. Of these the most ancient is the Insurance Companies, 91 1. Philadelphia Contrihutionship, Formed so early as 1752. By the *' deed of set- tlement," which was altered in 1810, all persons insuring- with the society are deemed members dur- ing the continuance of their interest in their respec- tive policies, which continue in force so long as the premium is left with the society. This association is commonly called the '* Hand-in -Hand Insurance Company," from the device on their badge. Twelve directors, and a treasurer, are annually chosen. Treasurer^ J. S. Lewis. Office, No. 25 Dock street. 2. Mutual Assurance Company. This association was formed in 1784, in conse- quence of the inconvenience experienced by the refusal of the Contributionship Company to insure houses before which trees were planted. The prin- ciples of the association are the same as those of the last mentioned company. Thirteen directors are annually chosen by the members. Secretary, John C. Stocker. Office, No. 54 Walnut street. 3. American Fire Insurance Company, Incorporated in 1810, by the legislature, with a capital of $500,000, which is divided into shares of $100. The business of the company is confined to the insui'ance of houses and other property, and of vessels in port. Nine directors are annually elected. Secretary, Job Bacon. Office, No. 101 Chestnut street. 92 PhiladelpJiia in 1830— \. ^ 4. Fire Association of Philadelphia, Incorporated in 1820, and is composed of the mem- bers of several of the Eng-ine and Hose companies. The directors are personally liable for losses arising- from insurances, when such shall amount to more than the capital stock. Treasurer and ClerJcy John Greiner. Office, No. 39i North Fifth street. 5. Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Company Was incorporated with a perpetual charter in 1825? the capital, authorized, is $400,000. This company make insurance, either permanent or limit- ed, on property and effects of every description. Secretary, Jonathan Smith. Office, No. 134 Wal- nut street. 6. Franklin Fire Insurance Company Was incorporated in 1829 ; charter perpetual. The capital may be increased to any sum not exceed- ing four thousand shares of $100 each— $400,000. This company make insurance, either permanent or limited, on property and effects of every description. Secretary, C. N. Bancker. Office, No. 163^ Chest- nut street. Pennsylvania Company for Insurance on Lives and granting Annuities. This company was incorporated in 1812, by the leg-islature of the state, with a perpetual charter. Insurance Companies. 93 and a capital of half a million of dollars. It makes all kinds of contracts, in which the contingencies of life are involved. President^ Thomas Astley. Actuary ^ Joseph Ro- berts, Jun. Office, No. 72 South Third street, oppo- site Dock street. COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS. Connected with the commerce of Philadelphia are several establishments and institutions, which may properly be noticed in this place. 21ie Custom House. For the transaction of the public business of this establishment, a new building has been erected, at the cost of the United States, on the west side of Se- cond street, below Dock street. The edifice is neat and in good taste. The front of the basement story is of marble ; the remainder of the exterior is of brick. In a niche in front of the attic story is a sta- tue representing commerce, by Rush. The design of the building was furnished by Strickland, under whose superintendence it was erected. The principal officers of the customs are — James N. Barker, Collector; John Kern, Deputy Collector ,- William Duncan, Surveyor; John Pemberton, Naval Officer; John StQ&le^ Weighmaster; Samuel Ross and Thomas Stewart, Appraisers. 94 Philadelphia in 1830—1. Wardens of the Port. By an act of assembly passed in 1803, the governor Is authorised to appoint annually one master warden and six assistants, who have power to grant licenses to pilots, to make rules for their government, and to decide questions between them, and the owners and masters of vessels 5 to direct the mooring of ships, and the order in which they shall lie, load, and unload at the wharves ; to determine upon the construction and extent of wharves, and to ordain penalties for the breach of their rules. An appeal lies from their decision to the court of common pleas, provided it be made within six days. The wardens for 1830 are — Master iVarden, David Maffit 5 Assistants, Stephen Girard, Paul Beck, Jun. Samuel Volans, Bankson Taylor, Thomas D. Grover, Isaac W. Norris. Inspections. For the important purpose of maintaining the high character of the produce of Pennsylvania in foreign countries, the legislature has, at different times since 1827, authorised the appointment of offi- cers to superintend and inspect various articles of exportation. TJie following is a list of the commo- dities liable to inspection. Beef and pork, flour, shad and herrings, butter and lard, flax-seed, shingles, lumber, g'round black-oak bark, domestic distilled spirits. Commercial Institutions. 95 Chamber of Commerce. In the year 1801, an association of merchants was formed under this name, for the purpose, as the pre- amble stated, "of aiding- the trade of the city of Philadelphia, by carrying into effect such rules and regulations as may from time to time be established with respect to commerce, and the adjustment of mercantile differences between each other." The members meet once in each month. The officers are a president, two vice-presidents, a secretary, and a treasurer, who are chosen annually on the first Monday of January. Monthly committees of five are appointed to adjust and determine mercantile disputes. The officers for 1830 are — Robert Ralston, Presi- dent ,- Thomas P. Cope and Lewis Clapier, Vice- Presidents; Robert Smith, Treasurer; John Vaughan, Secretary. The Exchange, Or Merchants' Coffee House, is a plain but spa- cious and convenient building, in Second street, between Chestnut and Walnut streets, the next house south of the Bank of Pennsylvania. It is supported by an annual subscription of seven dollars, paid by each member. There is attached to it an excellent reading-room, containing a great variety of American and European newspapers. 96 Philadelphia in 1 8 30— 1 . ^ LITERATURE, PHILOSOPHY, SCIENCES, THE ARTS, &c. Philadelphia possesses numerous institutions es- tablished for the diffusion of useful literature, and the prosecution of scientific inquiries. In no part of the world, perhaps, is the love of reading more pre- valent; and its general diffusion has contributed to impress upon the character of the mechanics a respec- tability which they do not possess in Europe. A great portion of the sedate and literary character of Philadelphia, has justly been attributed to the effects produced by The City Library. This noble institution, a fitter subject for civic pride than statues or public monuments, owes its origin to the literary taste and public spirit of Fbanklin. In 1731, he suggested to a number of his friends the union into one collection of their dif- ferent stocks of books, which, thus united, were at first kept in a small room in Pewter-platter alley. The plan soon became popular; for the books were not, as in some of the public libraries of Europe, confined to the apartment, but the members were allowed to carry them to their own houses, and study them at their leisure. The instrument of association, signed by thirty-eight members, is dated July 1, Literature^ Philosophy^ S^c. 97 1731. The first importation of books from England by the company, amounting" to £ 45. 155. sterling, ar- rived in October 1732. The library was in J773 transferred to the Carpenters' Hall. The advantages arising to the public from this institution were so ap- parent, that several similar associations were soon after formed, under the name of the Amicable, the Union, &c. which were, however, in a few years amalgamated with the first company, and the whole were united in a charter, with the name of ' ' The Library Company of Philadelphia." In 1790, the present neat and ornamental edifice was erected, on the east side of Fifth street, opposite the State House square. It is well arranged internally for the pur- poses of a library, and over the front door is placed a marble statue of Franklin, executed in Italy, and presented by William Bingham, Esq. The collection of books in this institution has in- creased from year to year, by purchases and dona- tions, until it now forms probably the most consi- derable library of useful books in America. Twice in each year are received from London all the new English works of value ; and every American pro- duction of merit is regularly procured. In 1803, an accession of very valuable and costly works, to the amount of 2500 volumes, was received by the bequest of the Rev. Mr Preston, rector of Chevening in Kent, England. The numberof books at the present time is about 24,000, exclusive of theLoganian collection; and the number of members is upwards of 800. The I 9 8 Philadelphia in 1 830— I . price of a share in this institution is forty dollars, be- sides which, an annual payment of two dollars is made by each shareholder. Persons who desire to see or peruse books at the library, are permitted to do so free of charg-e. It will surprise strang-ers to learn, that this invaluable institution is open to the public only from two o'clock in the afternoon until sunset, which in the winter season gives little opportunity to the present large number of members to exchange their books. Attempts have frequently been made to produce a change in this respect, without success. A dislike to innovate on ancient usage seems to prevail with a large portion of the members. The affairs of the institution are managed by ten direc- tors, chosen annuall}'^, in the month of May. Loganlan Library. Annexed to the City Library, and under the same roof, is a most valuable collection of ancient and clas- sical works, principally in the Greek and Latin languag-es, the collection of the celebrated James Logan, and of some of his descendants, and by them appropriated to public use, together with the income from various property, for the gradual increase of the library: the amount of this fund is now about $10,000. The number of volumes is about 11,000. Athenaeum. While the City Library enables the pubhc to pro- cure books at a small expense for perusal at home» 'Literature^ Philosophy^ S^c, 99 the Atliensum furnishes a place of useful and agree- able resort, where valuable books ,of reference in every department of literature and science, the pe- riodical journals of Europe and America, maps, plates, &c. may always be found and consulted. This valuable institution was established in 1814, and incorporated in the succeeding- year, since which, its collection of books, &c. and its resources, have rapidly increased. It now occupies the second floor of the Philosophical Hall in Fifth street, on the east front of the State House square. There are two apart- ments, one of which contains the library, and the literary and scientific journals; the second is furnish- ed with newspapers. The library consists of about 5300 volumes, mostly books of practical utility, and the current and popular literature. There are, how- ever, some rare and costly works, and the collection of pamphlets is veiy valuable and extensive; among these, is a series of 1 40 volumes, which belonged to Dr Franklin, many of them enriched with his MS. notes. In the newspaper-room are regularly received more than seventy newspapers of the United States, four English newspapers, and two French, besides occasionally papers from other parts of the world. Upwards of thirty reviews and magazines are receiv- ed monthly. The collection of maps, charts, and plans, is valuable. The rooms are open every day, except Sundays, from eight o'clock A.M. until ten P.M. The contributors to this institution are either stockholders, who pay twenty-five dollars principal. 100 PhiladeljjJiia in IS30-~1. and four dollars annually ; or subscribers, who pay eight dollars annually. The number of stockholders is about four hundred; of subscribers, about ninety. This institution has within the last year received the liberal bequest of ten thousand dollars from W. Lehman, Esq. one of its directors, for the purpose of erecting a suitable building; and Samuel Breck, Esq. has made a donation of eight hundred and sixty -three books. Strangers are admitted to the use of the rooms, on an introduction by a stockholder or subscriber. The number of strangers thus introduced, a register of whom is kept, exceeds one thousand annually. The affairs of the institution a,re managed by a board of directors, consisting of fifteen members, elected annually by the stockholders. The directors annually choose a president, vice-president, trea- surer, and secretary. The officers for 1830 are — President, Peter S. Du Ponceau; Vice-Presidenty Roberts Vaux; Treasurer^ Quintin Campbell; Secre- tary, William M'llhenny. The Friends' Library Is a valuable collection of about 3000 volumes, principally on theological subjects, andmany of them exceedingly rare, originally commenced by Mr Thomas Chalkley in 1740, and increased by dona- tions and bequests of some other persons of the same religious belief. The books are kept in an apart- ment in the centre building' of the meeting-house at Literature^ Philosopliy^ 6^'c. 101 the corner of Arch and Fotirth streets, and are under the care of a librarian, who attends every Saturday afterhoon for the delivery of books, free from ex- pense, to any respectable applicant, who shall sub- scribe to the rules. The Apprentices' Library. This very excellent institution is designed to afford the means of instructive reading and valuable information to a class of persons whose situation in life often leads them into danger of evil habits. Its success has thus far been highly encouraging. The desire of useful information displayed by the large number of intelligent boys who regularly apply for books, leads to favourable auguries of the character of the future mechanics and tradesmen of Phila- delphia. The members of this institution, who pay annually two dollars, were incorporated on the 2d of April 1821. The number of books is about 6000; and the number of boys to whom books are lent is about 900. The library is kept in Carpenter street, running back of the Chestnut street theatre, and is open every Saturday afternoon, from three until nine o'clock. There are annually elected by the mem- bers, a president, vice-president, treasurer, secre- tary, and twenty-four managers. The officers for 1830-1 are — John Sergeant, President; Roberts Vaux, Vice-President; Samuel Sellers, Treasurer; Samuel Mason, Jun. Secretary. I 2 102 PhiladeljjJna in li^'^O— I . . The Mercantile Library ^ Instituted in 1822, was formed, as the name indi- cates, for the purpose of collecting" books useful to the mercantile class. The number of volumes of which the library now consists, is about 4000, prin- cipally on commerce, commercial law, the arts, sciences, &c. besides maps and charts. The mem- bers pay, on admission, ten dollars; and two dollars annually afterwards. Thirteen directors are annually chosen. The present officers are — President, Thomas P. Cope; Treasurer, John Fausset. The library is kept in Chestnut street opposite the Theatre, and is open for reading- or exchange of books, every evening, from 6 to 10 o'clock. The Souihwark Library Is situated in Second street below Almond street. It was commenced in 1822, and contains about 1600 volumes. -^Arrangements have been made to procure an addition of 5000 volumes. There are about 120 stockholders, who at present pay five dollars a share, and an annual contribution of two dollars. These terms will be altered after the accession of books. A reading room is attached to the library, in which about twenty papers, European and American, be- sides magazines and reviews, are regularly received. The Library and Heading- Room Company of the Northern Liberties Was established in 1830. There are upwards of Literature^ Philosophy^ (^"c. 105 150 stockholders and subscribers, together; the latter pay five dollars a year. The stockholders pay five dollars for a share of stock, which is appropriated to purchasing- a library, and an annual contribution of four dollars. There are about twenty daily papers received at the reading room, from different parts of the union, besides magazines and reviews. The room is at the north west corner of Noble and Second streets. The Law Library , Established in 1802, was formed for the accommo- dation of the members of the bar, of whom the as- sociation consists. It is kept in a room in the county court house, adjoining the supreme and circuit courts. The books are allowed to be taken into either of the court rooms, to be used upon the trial and argument of causes in court, but cannot be removed for other purposes. The annual subscription is two dollars. The officers are seven directors, who are annually elected. The directors appoint a treasurer, who also acts as secretary, and a librarian. The shareholders are now about ninety in number. The library contains about 1350 volumes, the greater num- ber of which are the ancient and modern reports of adjudged cases. The American Philosophical Society Was founded in 1743, principally by the exertions of Dr Franklin. In 1766, another institution, for 104 Philadelphia in 1830—1. the same objects, was formed, called ** The Ameri- can Society for promoting- useful knowledg-e ;" and these two societies were united, in 1769, under the title of ** The American Philosophical Society, held at Philadelphia, for promoting- useful knowledg-e ." About the year 1785, the society erected, for their accommodation, a larg-e and commodious building-, on a part of the State House square, g-ranted to them by the legislature of Pennsylvania. The library of the society consists of about 6000 volumes, of which a scientific catalog-ue has been printed ; and is exceeding-ly valuable. The collec- tion of the Transactions of foreign academies is un- doubtedly the most complete in this country. The society have also a collection of objects of natural history, consisting principally of minerals and fossil remains. The meetings of the society are held on the first and third Fridays of every month, from October to May, both inclusive ; and on the third Friday of the other four months. On the other Friday evenings, the rooms are opened for the purpose of reading and conversation, and strangers are introduced. The society have published ten volumes of Trans- actions in quarto : the three last belong to a new series. The main object of this institution is the cultiva- tion of the exact sciences. It was thought import- ant, however, to extend its views to history, moral science, and general literature ; and a branch of the Literature^ Philosophi/, 7 Bethell's wharf (Sch.), O 38 Bethel Church (African Methodist), H L p q 39 Bethel Church Burial-Ground (African Methodist), F G. q r 40 Bible Christian Church, V W. r s List of Streets^ Roads ^ S^c. 243 41 Bickley's Avharf, M N. t u 42 Bickley's wharf, N O. u 43 Biddle's alley, M. s 43 Biddle & Co.'s wharf (Sch.), K. b c 44 Bidoman's wharf, V W. y z 45 Bidoman's wharf, V W. z 46 Billings' court, N O. o 47 Bingham's court, K. r s Bird's court, K. m n Bishop street, W. z Blackberry alley, K. o Black-horse alley, M. s t Blackwoodtown Stage, office Market street ferry 48 Black-horse alley, from High street, M N. q r 49 Blight's wharf, I K. u 49 Blight & Wallace's wharf (Sch.), K L. b c Blockley Burial-Ground, N O. a b Bloom alley, P Q. k 49^ Bolton's court, M. p q 50 Bolton's wharf (Sch.), P Q. b Bond street, VV X. q r 50 Bonsall street, H 1. n Bordenton, by New York Steam Boats 52 Boom's wharf, T U. w x Boston Row, north side of Chestnut, between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets 53 Bowers's wharf and ship-yard, T. w x 54 Bowers and Vandoosen's wharf and ship-yard, T U. x 55 Bowers's wharf, S T. v w 55 Boyd's avenue, O P. n 56 Bradford's alley, H I. o p 57 Bradford's wharf, S. v w Branch street, O P. r s 244 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . 58 Branner's alley, O P. q Bread street, N O. s Brewer's alley. See Wood street. 58 Bridge Co.'s wharves, M. e 59 Bright's wharf, O P. u Bridgeton Stage, office Arch street feny Bridgeton, Millersville, Port Elizabeth, Dennis's Creek, Mount Ephraim and Chew's Landing, Reeves's, Market street ferry Bristol Stage, office Sorrel-horse Tavern, Second near Market street, and by New York lines ot steam boats m Britton's alley, P Q. t u 61 Britton's J. wharf, P. u C2 Britton's W. wharf, P Q. u Broad street, H I. i k 64 Brooke street, S. r s 65 Brooke's court, O. t 66 Brooke's wharf, O. u Brook's wharf (S). See SivifVs. Browne street (K), X. x y Browne street, S T. q r 67 Browne's court, O. t 68 Browne's court (N L), R S. t u 69 Browne's wharf, V. y z 70 Brusstar's alley, U. w Bryan's alley, O P. q 71 Bryan's court, N O, p q Buckley street. See Clever alley. Buck road, B C. h 72 Buck Tavern, O P. s t Budd street, (N I.), R S. t List of Streets^ Roads ^ State-House Clerk of the Orphan's Court, Clever alley, I K, p q 248 Philadelphia in \S30—1, Clovet' street, L M, 1 100 Clyraer's alley, G. p q Coates's alley, O P. s t 101 Coates's Burial-Ground, S T. r s 102 Coates's court, P Q. t Coates street, T. k 1 103 Cobb's court, T. r 105 Cohocksinc Presbyterian Meeting-House, Y. q r 106 Colhoun's wharf, M N, t u College Avenue, M. n College of Pharmacy. See German Hall. Colonnade Square, south side of Chestnut, between (Sch.) Seventh and Eighth streets Columbia and Philadelphia Rail road. See Map. 106 Columbian Garden and Theatre, M N. k 1 107 Combined Mission-House and Burial-Ground, U V. t u 108 Commercial Bank, L M. r s Commissioners' Hall, (city and county.) See State House. 109 Commissioners' Hall (S), E F. s t 110 Commissioners' Hall (N L) R S. r s 111 Comptroller street, I K. s Congress Hall Hotel, 272, L M. r s Coombe's alley, N. s t Connerd's court. See next to Philadelphia Hotel. 112 Cooper's court, N O. s t 113 Cooper's court, (N L) S. t u 114 Cope's wharf, L. t u 115 Cordwainers' alley, H I. n o 116 Coulter's wharf, E F. u v Council Chambers (Select and Common). See State- House. List of Streets^ Roads^ S^c. 249 County Commissioners' Office, "^ County Court-House Office, i County Treasurer's Office, \ State-House i Court of Common Pleas, Court of Quarter Sessions J Courtland street, N. g h 117 Covenanter's Church and Burial Ground, ]\f . m n Covenanter's Church Burial-Ground, H 1. p Cox's alley, G H. s t 118 Cox's wharf, L M. t u Crab street. See Apollo. 119 Cramp's wharf, W X. z Cresson's alley, N O. p q 120 Cresson's court, N O. q Crooked Billet wharf. See Cox^s. Crown street, O P. q r Crown street (K), V. w Currant alley, K. ra n 121 Custom-House, K L. s t 122 Cuthbert's wharf, (N L) R S. u v 123 Cuthbert's wharves, H I. u 124 Cypress alley, I K. r s Dam of Fairmount Water Works, R S 125 Davidson's wharves (Sch.), I K. b 125 Davis's alley, L M. k 1 Davis's alley. See Duncan Bxirial- Ground. 126 Dawson's court, L M. r s Dean street, K. 1 Dean street (K), V. v w 127 Dean's alley, I K. o Debtor's Apartment. See JVetv JaiL Decatur street, M. p 260 Philadelphia in 1830— 1. 128 Delaware Insurance Office, L. s t 129 Deval's court, P Q. s Dickson street, B C. u Dillwyn street, Q R. r s 130 Dispensary and Health Office (C), L. g r 131 Dispensary, Northern, R S. t 132 Dispensary, Southern, G H. r s District Court, State House Dock street, K L. s t. See Little Dock. Donaldson's alley (P), E. c 133 Donaldson's wharf and mast shed, G. u 134 Donaldson's wharf and mast shed (K), T U. w Donaldson's alley (C) t u Dover Stage, office Indian King, Market and Third st Downingtown Stage, office 284 Market street Doylestown Stage, office Third above Race Drawbridge, Public Landing, K. t u Drinker's alley, N O. s t 135 Drinker's court, I. s Dugan's wharves. See Hollingsworth^s. Duke street, R. s t Duke street (K), W X. v w 136 Duncan's court and Burial-Ground, G H, r s Dunton's rope walk, W. u v. East street (C), L. d East street (S), A. w x 137 East alley, N 0. 1 m Easton Stage, office White Swan and Rotterdam Hotel, Fourth above Race 138 Ebenezer Church and Burial-Ground, F. r s 139 Eckfeldt's court, M N. q Eighth street, o p. Eighth street (Sch.), i. List of Streets^ Roads ^ <^^c, 251 140 Eighth Presbyterian Church and Burial-Ground, 1 K. r s Eighth Presbyterian Church Burial-Ground. See Duncan's, &c. 141 Elbow alley, L p q 142 Elbow lane, L M. r s Elbow lane. See WalVs Elboxu. Eldridge and Brick's wharves (Sch.), I K. b Eleventh street, m 143 Eleventh Presbyterian Church and Burial-Ground, P.l Elfreth's alley, N O. s t Elizabeth street, 1 K. p Elizabeth street, T U. p q Elm street, Y Z. z 143 Elraslie's alley, K. L. s t Elmyra's row runs east from Thirteenth street near Vine 144 Emlen's alley, I K. q 145 Emlen's court, Q R. t u 146 Emlen's wharf, R. u v Erie Stage, office Red Lion Inn, 200 Market street 148 Ettris's court, O. q Evangelical Reformed Church. See Reformed Butch Church. Evangelical Lutheran Congregation. See St JMattheivs. 149 Evans's court, O P. p q 149 Evans's wharves (Sch.), P. b c Exchange CofFee-House. See JYIerchants. 150 Eye and Ear Infirmary, M. o p Fair Mount Water Works, li. a Fair Mount street, Q. b 262 Philadelphia in \S30—1, Fair Mount Weigh Lock, R. See Canal. Fair Mount stage, White Swan Fairview street, Q R, f g 151 Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank, L M. q r 152 Farmer's row, K L. s t Fayette street, N. n 155 Fearris's court, O P. t u 156 Federal alley, DE. c Federal street, D Ferry road, N O. a 157 Fetter lane, N O. r s. 158 Fifth Presbyterian Church and Burial-G round, N O. m n Fifth street, q r Fifth street (Sch), g Filbert street, M N 159 Fire Association and Insurance Office, N O. p 160 First African Baptist Church and Burial-Ground, OP. o 161 First Baptist Church of Second street and Burial- Ground, N. s 161 First Baptist Church, Spruce street, I K. q r 162 J^irst Presbyterian Church, K. p 163 First Presbyterian Church Burial-Ground, M; s. Mso, see Third Presbyterian Church Burial- Ground First Presbyterian Church, Northern Liberties. See Presbyterian (N. L.) First Presbyterian Church Northern Liberties Burial- Ground. See Presbyterian Church. 163 First Presbyterian Church Southwark, F G. s 164 First African Presbyterian Church, G H. p 165 First Reformed Dutch Church, O P. q r List of Streets, Roads, tSfc. 253 166 First Reformed Dutch Church Burial-Ground, N O. m n First Universalist Church. See Universalists. Fisher's wharf. See Maid & Co. 166J Fisher's wharf, G H. u v Filler street, Y Z. t Fitzwater street, G. p q Fleet street, Q R. u v 167 Flint's court, N. o 168 Flintham's wharves, O P. u v 169 Flower's alley, S. t 170 Flower's wharf, G H. u v 171 Fou's wharf, W X. z 173 Fourth Presbyterian Church Burial-Ground, H 1. 1 174 Fourth Presbyterian Church, H I. q r Fourth street, r Fourth street (Sch.), fg 174 Four Nation's Hotel (Sch.), S. a b Francis's lane, S Francis street (V), T. g Frankford road, U V. v Frankford Stages, offices Second above Market, and Second above Race 175 Franklin Institute, M. p Franklin square, O P. p Franklin street, O P. o p Franklin street (K), V. r s 175 Franklin place, M. r s 176 Free Friends' Burial-Ground, K. q 177 Free Friends' Meeting-House, N. q 178 Friends' Alms-House, K L. r s 179 Friends' Arch street Meeting-House and Burial- Ground, N. r s W 264 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . 180 Friends' Keys' alley Meeting and School-House, OP.t 181 Friends' Meeting and School-House, I. s t 182 Friends' Meeting-House (N. L), R S. r 183 Friends' Twelfth street Meeting-House, L M. 1 m 183 Friends' Cheny street Meeting-House, N O. q r 184 Friends' Western Burial -Ground, N O. h 185 Friends' Burial-Ground, E. r 186 Friends' Academy, L M. r s 187 Fries's -wharf, K L. t u 188 Fries's court, M N. m 189 Fromberger's court, N. s Front street, t Front street (Sch.), d e Fuller's alley, F G. t u Fulmer's lane, T. b c 190 Gaol (state) Work-House, K L. p q. See JVew Jail and Pemtentiary. 191 Galbraith's court, F G. s Garden street, PQ.no 192 Gardener's wharves, L M. t u 192 Gardener's wharf (Sch,), M. b 193 Garrigues's court, O P. p q Gaskill street, H I. q r 194 Gaw's court, N O. t George alley, O P. h George street, L. See Idttle George. George street, Little (C), L M. p George street (N.'L), U V. q r George street (S), G H. s George street (V), U. f 195 Ger-raan Reibrraed, or Calvinist Church, O. r List of Streets^ Roads^ (Sfc. 265 196 German Reformed, or Calvinist 13urial-Ground, OP. p 197 German Reformed or Calvinist Burial-Ground(Sch.), N O. g h 197^ German Reformed Calvinists' Church, R S. — Burial Ground, 197^, U V. u v 198 German Hall, M. o p 199 German Lutheran Academy, S T. s 200 German Lutheran Burial-Ground, O P. o p 201 German Lutheran Burial-Ground, N O. q r 202 German Lutheran Free School, N O. r German street, F G. s. See Little German. Germantown road, U. t Germantown Stage, offices Third above Market, and Third above Race street 203 Gilles's alley, H I. q 204 Girard's Bank, L M. r s 205 Girard's wharves, M N. t u Girard's row, north side of Coates's street, from Old York road to Sixth street 206 Glass-House (Sch.), H. b 207 Glass-House (K), W X. z Globe Mill cotton spinning factory, V. s Goddard's alley. See Holmes^s. 208 Goforth alley, L M. s 209 Golden Swan Tavern, N O. r s 210 Goodwater alley, K L. o p 211 Graff's alley, O. t 211 Grace Church (Episcopal), P. m n Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania. See Masonic Hall. Grape alley (V), V. g Grape alley (C), L M. o 212 Gray's alley, L M. s t 256 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 . 213 Gray's court, S T. t u Gray's Ferry road, D E. a Great Egg Harbour Stage, office Market street feiTy Green street, V. s 214 Greenleaf's court, M. q r 215 Green's court, I K. q r Green street, R S, k 216 Green street, V W. s Greenwich street and road, A B. t u 217 Grindstone alley, M N. s 218 Grisel's alley, G H. q Guardians of the Poor, office State House Habacker street, O P. h Haddonfield Stage, office Reeves's, Market st ferry 219 Haines's wharf, Q R. uv Hamilton street, Q. c 220 Hamilton's wharf, K. u Hanover street, V W. x 221 Harmony court or street, L. r s 222 Harmony court, O P. t 223 Harm'an's wharf (Sch.), K. b c Harper street, U P. 224 Harper's alley, K L. t u Harrisburg Stage, office White Swan and Western Hotel Harrisburg, Pittsburg, Erie, Reading, Pottsville and Northumberland United States Mail, office. Red Lion Hotel, 200 Market street 226 Harris's court, M. s t 227 Hart's court, P Q. t Hartung's alley, M N. s 228 Hause's court, NO.no List of Streets^ Roads^ (Sfc, 257 Haydock street, T U. u 329 Hay-market, Q R. p 230 Hay-market and scales (N. L), R S. q 231 Hay-scales (N. L), T U. u 232 Hay-scales (S), E F. s t. Hayter's rope walk, W X. r s 233 Hazlehurst's court, M. n Health Office and Dispensary. See Dispensary, 234 Hibbert, Flowerist, &c., H. 1 Heiskell's Hotel. See City Hotel. Hewett's wharf (Sch.), H I. b. See Vanliers^s. Hill street, R S. f g 235 Hewson street, X. y z 236 Hill's wharf (K), W. z 237 Heyde's court, N. n o High street, M N Hinkle & Myers's court. See J\fyers^s, &c. court. 238 Hodge's wharf, N O. t u 239 Hoffman's alley, N O. q 240 Hoffman's wharf, W X. z 241 Holmes' alley, P. s t Holmesburg Stage, office Sorrel Horse, Second above Market street 242 HoUingsworth's wharves, I K. u 243 Holy Trinity Church and Burial-Ground, German Roman Catholics, I K. p q Hoope's wharf, (Sch.) See BlighVs & Wallis^s. Hoover's rope walk, E. s 244 Hoover's wharf, S T. v w Hope street, V. u 245 Hopkins's alley, U V. t 246 Horse-market, M. k 1 Hospitals. See Pennsylvania, City, &c. W 2 258 Philadelphia in 1 830— I , House of Refuge, T. i Howard street, T. i 247 Howel & Shoemaker's wharf, N. u 248 Hozey's, now Shober &t Bunting's, wharf, F. u v 249 Huddell's wharf, F G. u v Huddell's court. See HuddeWs -wharf. 250 HuddeU's wharf, F G. u v 251 Hudson's alley, L M. r s Hudson's lane, F. p 252 Humphrey's wharf, F G. u v 253 Humphrey's wharf, D E. u v Humphrey & Co.'s wharf (Sch.) See WetheriWs. Huntington Stage, office White Swan 254 Hunter's court, ]\I n. m n Hurst street, H I. q 255 Hutton's court, H. p 256 Imlay & Pott's wharf, M N. t u 257 Increase court, L. n Independence Square, L. q Independent Tabernacle. See Seventh Presbyterian Church. Infant Schools of Philadelphia, city and suburbs : North Thirteenth street near Vine, next to Nazareth Church. Spruce street above Front, south side. College Avenue, south Tenth street, below Market. Gaskill street, below Fourth, south side, (coloured.) Commissioner's Hall, Southwark, south Second street. Apple street. Northern Liberties, near Coates. Oak street, Kensington. Penn Township, north Sixth street, under the Presbyterian Church. Spring Garden, adjoining the Second Reformed Dutch Church. List of Streets^ Roads^ dye. 259 Irish Tract lane, D. h 258 Indian Queen Hotel 258 Jackson's court, P n Jacoby street, N O. 1 Jacoby square, between Twelfth and Thirteenth, and Arch and Race 259 James alley, O P. o James street, Q. k Jail. (Walnut street), 190, K L. p q Jail. (Arch street), N. i k Jarvis's lane, B C. t Jefferson row, south side of Lombard, between Ninth and Tenth streets 261 Jefferson avenue, L. i k 262 Jefferson Medical College, M. n 262 Jews' Burial-Ground (K), W. v 263 Jews' Burial-Ground (C), J K. o 264 Jews' Synagogue, N O. r s 265 Jews' Synagogue (German), M N. r s 266 Jones's court, H I. p q 267 Jones's alley (N. L), S. t Jones's alley (C), M N. s t Jones's alley, M N. g Jones's wharf. See Brighfs. John street, P. p 268 Johns and Leonard's wharf, Q R. u v John's street, E. t Johnson's lane, C D. r 269 Johnson's wharf, I K. u Johnson's rope-walk, B C. u 270 Johnson's court, R S. t u 271 Joint alley, L M. i k 260 Philadelphia in 1 830— 1 , 273 Jones's wharf, O P. u Julianna street, P. q 274 Juniper alley, M. ra n 275 Juniper lane, M. m n Juniper street, k 1 Kaighn's point ferry. South street ferry Kelley's avenue. See next to Ellmyra row- Kelley's alley. See Davis^s. 276 Kennedy's whai-f, T. w 277 Kensington bank, T. v 277 Kensington Burial-Ground, Y. w 278 Kensington market, T U. v Kensington Methodist Church. See Methodist Churchy Kensington. 277 Kensington Post Office. See near Kensington Bank. Kensington Presbyterian Church. See Presbyterian Church, Kensington. Kerr's rope-walk, V W. u v 279 Kessler's alley, R S. r Keeler's lane, A. t Key's alley, O P. s t 280 Keyser & Gorgas's wharf, Q. u v 281 Knight's and Moore's courts, NO.no Knoodle street, K N. h i 283 Knorr's wharf, P Q. u 283^ Kugler's court, O. r Kunckel street, P Q. r s 284 Letitia court, M. s t 285 Lambert street, O P. k 1 Lancaster street, O P. 1. See Montgomery street. List of Streets^ Roads ^ tiful building is Wm. Strickland. The ExcJiange was built by the merchants of Phila- delphia, and was intended to supersede the Merchants' Coffee House in Second street. Joseph M. Sanderson, so long known as the superintendent of the Coffee House, having left the Exchange soon after the removal to the new building, his place is supplied by Mr. Coffee. This building is the starting point for all those splen- did lines of omnibusses which run up and down the principal streets of the city. There is scarce ten mi- nutes in the day, in which a stranger will not find one of these stages here, bound for any part of the city he may wish to visit. They are always provided with careful drivers, and obliging attendants. The Alms House. The large building, or pile of buildings, known by this name, in Spruce, between Ninth and Tenth, has been removed, and its place is to be supplied by a hand- some range of private dwellings. This will tend much to the improvement of this portion of the city. The inmates of the old buildings have been removed to the New Alms House lately erected on the west bank of the river Schuylkill. This beautiful alms house stands on a tract of about 200 acres, and was erected under the architectural superintendence of our fellow citizen, Wm. Strickland, to whose good taste our city is much indebted for its ornamental buildings. This building consists of four distinct edifices dis- posed at riglit angles with one another, enclosing an in- terior space of 700 by 500 feet. The principal building, or mens' alms house, fronts the river ; it contains a por- Addenda. tico of 90 feet in front, with two wings, each of 200 feet. The portico consists of eight columns of 5 feet in diameter: tlie order is Tuscan, and elevated by a flight of steps, to the height of the basement story. The womens' alms house is situated on the opposite front, and faces to the N. W., or towards the road to Darby. TJiis building is exclusively occupied by the female paupers, and contains rooms and separate apart- ments in the several wards for a distinct classification of its inmates. Both the mens' and womens' houses are flanked by a distinct building, the hospital and house of employment. Those buildings are 500 feet in front each, and are enclosed on the outside as well as the inside, by walls which separate and classify the occupants. The whole is neatly and commodiously arranged, with- in the court yards and yards of labour, for the health and comfort of the iJoor. Gardens, walks, and every other convenience is established throughout the interior of the grounds allotted to each building. The whole is calculated to contain upwards of 4000 inhabitants, the principal portion of which, both male and female, are lodged in separate wards and dormitories. The cost of the building is about $900,000, and it is now nearly com- pleted in all its details. Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind. Tiie want of suitable means of instructing this inte- resting class of our fellow citizens, has long been felt, and the establishment of this institution bids fair to fill the void ; as under the care of J. H. Friedlander, it is rapidly rising unto that rank which its importance de- mands. TJie pupils are taught the elementary branches Addenda. of a common education, including, (what in their situa- tion seems pecuUarly appropriate,) a tliorough know- ledge of music. They read from books printed for their use in raised or embossed characters. The insti- tution is in Thirteenth street, between Race and Vine. The Union Benevolent Society^ Was founded in 1831, by a number of benevolent in- dividuals, in the hopes of bettering the condition of the poorer classes of this city. The plan of operation of this association, is to divide the city and suburbs into a number of districts, in each of which there are appoint- ed several visiters, (principally ladies,) who visit the poor in their own houses. They thus have opportuni- ties of communicating advice and counsel to the objects of their bounty, which would not be otherwise afforded ; and the impositions to which such charities are exposed, are effectually guarded against. The good already ef- fected by this association in its silent and unobtrusive course is very great, and we anticipate with pleasure, the future usefulness of this institution. Their office is in Carpenter street near Seventh; hours from 10 o'clock A. M. to 1 o'clock P. M. Geological Society of Pennsylvania. A society under this name was incorporated in the year 1833, having for its object the collection and diffu- sion of knowledge on this important and interesting subject. They have evinced mucli zeal in their opera- tions, and must have a most beneficial operation in the promotion of geological studies in our State. They have established a quarterly journal in further* U Addenda, ance of their objects, and the collection in mineralogy, &.C., belonging to them, is already worthy of tlie atten- tion of the scientific traveller. The hall of the society is in the Arcade, Chcsnut street ; admittance to it may be obtained on application to any of the members. The officers of this institution are : President, Andres Del Rio ; Vice Presidents, H. S. Tanner and S. H. Long ; Corresponding Secretary, R. Harlan, M. D. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. Tliis is one of the most interesting associations in the city. About the year 1827, a number of individuals whose taste led them to feel the pleasures of such pur- suits, associated together and formed this society. They were afterwards, in 1831, incorporated. Their objects are the "promoting and encouraging horticulture by improving the growth of vegetables, plants, trees, fruits and flowers ; and of introducing into our country new varieties and species." They give, annually, an exhibition, in which all the fruits and flowers in season are displayed, and those en- gaged in horticultural pursuits are stimulated to emu- lation in the display of their plants, by the distribution of premiums to the most successful candidates. As those vegetables and fruits which are destined for the supply of our markets, have claimed the peculiar atten- tion, of this society, it is not to be wondered at that great improvement is manifest in their varieties and flavour ; indeed, it is not a little owing to the exertions of this association, combined with the natural advanta- ges of situation, that Philadelphia can boast a market which has few rivals in the United States. Besides the annual exhibitions, the monthly meetings Addenda. of the association are rendered highly interesting by the display of such fruits and flowers as may be in sea- son, or the hot-houses of the members may afford. Pre- miums are awarded at these meetings. The officers of the society are, Geo. Vaux, President; C. Pickering, Rec. Secretary; D. Landreth, ju.. Cor. Secretary. The Pennsylvania Library of Foreign Literature and Science. This association was organized in November, 1831, by a number of individuals, who hold in shares of $30 each, besides paying an annual subscription of $3. Subscri- bers who are not shareholders pay $6 annually. The library is opened every Saturday from 2 o'clock until sun-set, at their room under the Athenaeum, and contains about 4000 volumes, in French, German, Spanish and Italian. The executive board of the literary institution, con- sists of a president, two vice presidents, and a secretary, (who is also treasurer,) and twelve directors. Artists' Fund Society. The artists of Philadelphia have associated them- selves under this title, giving annual exhibitions of their works in painting, drawing, sculpture and engraving. The main object which the artists have in view, is the relief of superannuated or unfortunate members, or the widow or orphans of the artist who may have fallen in his mid career ; and this is to be accomplished by their own industry and talents, in exhibitions for public patronage. The society will be conducted exclusively by artists, who, whenever they can command the means, Addenda. will open schools of instruction for the students of art ; lectures will also be delivered by competent professors, on the various departments of knowledge connected with the fine arts. The exhibition rooms of the society are in Chesnut street, a few doors below Eighth. Savings Institutions. Of these highly useful institutions, there are at pre- sent five in operation, one in Walnut street near Third ; another in Walnut street between Fourth and Fifth ; a third, the Southern Saving Institution, has its office No.. 198 south Second street. A fourth. The Penntown- ship Saving Institute in Sixth street, between Wood and Callowhill; and the Northern Liberty Saving Fund Association, in Third street near Green. Dyottville Glass Works. To those who are curious in observing the operations carried on at our different manufactories, we know of no richer treat than a visit to the glass works of Dr. Dyott, in Kensington. In this extensive establishment, there are upwards of 400 persons, 150 of whom are ap- prentices. We may judge of the amount of work done at this factory, when we learn that the daily consumption of glass is 10,.000 pounds, and annually there is con- sumed 120 tons of red lead, 185 of pot and pearl ashes^ 680 of sand, 120 of pot clay, 2,300 bushels of lime, and 1,500 of salt. The fuel employed is exclusively rosin. One of the most interesting features of this establish- nient is the classification and careful instruction of the youth connected with it. They are all resident on the spot, under the instruction of competent teachers, and Addenda. arc treated as pupils in a well regulated boarding-school, rather than apprentices. Their school rooms are well fitted up, and supplied with books and materials for in- structions, under the care of a resident instructor. Dr. Dyott has lately built a neat chapel on the pre- mises for the accommodation of the establishment ; be- sides having a pastor to lecture twice every Sabbath, the evenings of each week-day have some religious em- ployment allotted, for prayer-meetings, lectures, sacred music, &c. A Temperance Society is formed among the work- men and apprentices, and those of the boys who are sufficiently advanced, are stimulated to extra exertion by pecuniary remuneration for all work done over a certain amount. Rail-Roads. The Columbia rail-road has been continued on from the corner of Broad and Vine streets, (the termination of the State road,) down Broad street, turning into Fe- deral street, and thence to the Delaware river. At the termination of this rail-road, there has been built large warehouses for the reception of goods for shipping, or storage for the west. By this means a direct commu- nication between the shipping and the grand western route has been effected. The Northern Liberty and Penntownship rail-road, connects the Columbia rail-road with the Delaware ri- ver, or the northern side of the city, in the same man- ner as the preceding one does on the southern. It passes down Willow street to the river, where are large warehouses, wharfs, &c. The Trenton and Philadelphia rail-road extends up U* Adde7ida. the western side of Delaware to Trenton, connecting- the two places. It is intended to unite this road to the Willow street one, thus giving- a complete communica- tion from Trenton to Columbia by rail-ways. West Philadelphia Canal. Owing to the rapid increase of trade on the waters of the Schuylkill, and the obstructions offered to the passage of vessels above Market street by the Per- manent Bridge, a company has been incorporated to construct a canal round the western abutment of that bridge. This has been done, and a communication thus opened to the wharfs above the bridge, for such craft as had not been able to pass before. The road leading to the bridge passes this canal on a double draw-bridge. This canal is a neat and well finished work. Delaware Avenue. By the will of the late Stephen Girard, there was a sum of money left for the express purpose of beautify- ing the city front on the Delaware. To effect this, there has been a street or avenue surveyed, extending the full length of the city proper, called Delaware Ave- nue. The alterations of such an extensive front will be of course a work of time, but we are happy to state that the work is progressing with considerable rapidity. The increased beauty of appearance occasioned by what has been already done, gives promise of what will be the effect when one broad avenue shall supply the place of the disjointed front that has hitherto disfigured our city. Addenda. Philadelphia Banks. Bank of the United States. Nicholas Biddle, president ; Samuel Jaudon, cashier ; . Andrews and J. Cowperthwait, Ass. Cashiers. Discount, Tuesdays and Fridays. Bank of North America. Henry Nixon, president ; Henry Hollingsworth, cash. Discount, Mondays and Thursdays. Bank of Pennsylvania. Joseph P. Norris, president; Joseph Trotter, cashier. Discount, Wednesdays and Saturdays. Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank. J. Tagert, president ; William Patton, jr., cashier. Discount, Tuesdays and Fridays. Mechanics' Bank. Lemuel Lamb, president ; J. P. Mitchell, cashier. Discount, Tuesdays and Fridays. Bank of the Northern Liberties. Jonathan Knight, president ; Robert L. Pitfield, cash. Discount, Tuesdays and Fridays. Southwark Bank. Thomas Sparks, president; James S. Smith, jr. cash. Discount, Mondays and Thursdays. Bank of Penntownship. Elijah Dallet, president ; Jacob Frick, cashier. Discount, Wednesdays and Saturdays. Kensington Bank. Jonathan Wainwright, presid. ; Charles Keen, cash. Discount, Tuesdays and Fridays. The Girard Bank. James Schott, president; William D. Lewis, cashier. Discount, Mondays and Thursdays. Addenda. Commercial Bank. James Dundas, president; Benjamin P. Smith, cash. Discount, Tuesdays and Fridays. Schuylkill Bank. William Meredith, president ; Hosea J. Levis, cash. Discount, Tuesdays and Fridays. ^ Philadelphia Bank. John Read, president; Quintin Campbell, cashier. Discount, Mondays and Thursdays. Manufacturers' and Mechanics' Bank. Thomas H. Craige, president; James Hunt, cashier. Discount, Tuesdays and Fridays. Western Bank. George Troutman, president ; John B. Trevor, cash. Discount, Wednesdays and Saturdays. Moyamensing Bank. Joseph Solms, president ; John Neal, cashier. Discount, Wednesdays and Saturdays. Insurance Companies. Delaware Insurance Company. Samuel Keith, pre- sident ; John Donaldson, secreiary. Capital $200,000. Insurance Company of the State of Pennsylvania. Simeon Toby, president, William Harper, Secretary. Capital $500,000. Marine Insurance Company. Jacob Sulger, jr., presi- dent ; John Rutherford, jr. Secretary. Capital $300,000. The Philadelphia Insurance Company. Alexander Elmsly, president ; William Miller, secretary. Capital $200,000. The Phoenix Insurance Company of Philadelphia. David Lewis, president ; John R. Wucherer, secretary. Capital $480,000. Addenda. United States Insurance Company. William Youn^, president ; A. C. Salaignac, secretary. Capital $200,000. Union Insurance Company. Lewis Clapier, presi- dent; Britton White, secretary. Capital $300,000- American Insurance Company. William Craig, pre- sident; F. Dusar, secretary. Capital $200,000. Fire and Marine Insurance Company of North Ame- rica. John C. Smith, president ; Arthur G. Coffin. Ca- pital $600,000. American Fire Insurance Company. William David- eon, president ; Job Bacon, secretary. Capital $500,000. The Franklin Fire Insurance Company. Henry C. Carey, president ; Charles N. Bancker, secretary. Ca- pital $400,000. Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Company. R. A. Cald- cleugh, president; Jonathan Smith, secretary. Capi- tal $400,000. Mutual Assurance Company, James C. Fisher, pre- sident ; Lawrence Lewis, treasurer and secretary. Fire Association of Philadelphia. William Wagner, president ; John Greiner, treasurer and clerk. The Pennsylvania Company for Insurance on Lives and Granting Annuities. Thomas Astley, president ; Joseph Roberts, actuary. Capital $500,000. Southwark Fire Insurance Company. William G. Alexander, president ; S. H. Traner, secretary. The Fire Insurance Company of the County of Phi- ladelphia. Augustin Stevenson, president; Jacob F. Hoeckley, secretary. Atlantic Insurance Company of Philadelphia. Ro- bert Wain, president ; John Tolbert, secretary. Capital $300,000. Western Transportation and Fire Insurance Com- Addenda. pany. A company has been formed under the uhave name, for effecting insurance on goods during inland transportation from this city; and also from loss by fire. Houses of Public Worship. In the rapidly increasing state of the northern and western parts of our city, public convenience demands the erection of suitable houses of public worship and it gives us much pleasure to observe the good taste that prevails in answering this demand. As a proof of this good taste, we may notice, St. Johns a handsome gothic edifice lately built by the Roman Catholics, in Thirteenth street, near Ches- nut. The decorations of this church are rich and im- posing ; it is under the pastoral charge of J. Hughes. Epiphany, a chaste building lately erected in Ches- nut street above Broad, by a congregation of Episcopa- lians. It is under the charge of S. H. Tyng, late pastor of St. Paul's. The Central Presbyterian church, at the corner of Eighth street and Cherry, is a handsome building late- ly erected, with a front finished in the Grecian order. The pastor of this congregation is John M'Dowell. A handsome building for the purposes of public wor- ship has been erected in Twelfth at the corner of Cherry ; and another in the same street between Race and Vine streets. There has been a commodious church lately built in Broad street below Chesnut, by a congregation under the charge of Mr. Chambers. There la also in this city two chapels for the use of Addenda* sailors in Water street, one below Walnut, the other above Arch street. We subjoin a list of the meetings of Friends in this city. Arch street. This house stands in Arch street corner of Fourth, and is built on a large lot of ground granted to the society by William Penn. The yearly meetings of the society are held here, it having two wings built for their accommodation. It contains also the ' Friends* Library.' North, or Keys^ Alley meeting, is on Keys' alley, which runs from Front to Second south of Vine. Pine street meeting house is in Pine below Second street. This house is only used in the winter for even- ing meetings, the congregation having built themselves a new house in Orange street. Orange street house is a very neat building, at the S. W. corner of Washington Square. Western meeting house is in Twelfth street between Market and Chesnut streets. [The above-mentioned congregations are called Or- thodox Friends.] The Hicksite Friends have three places of worship, viz.: Green street house, corner of Fourth and Green St. Their men's yearly meeting is here held. Cherry street house is in Cherry near Fifth street. Their women's yearly meeting is here held. Spruce street house, corner of Spruce street and Ninth. Post Office. The post office occupies the basement of the Ex- Addenda, change, north side, and is under the charge of James Page. The accommodations afforded to this estabhsh- ment in its present location, are ample. The faciUties to those who have business there are also praiseworthy, as the windows for the delivery of letters, «&c., are com- pletely sheltered from the weather. The following is the establishment of mails for the year 1835. Eastern Mail. Mails for New York city, arrives daily at 5 A. M., and close daily at 5 P. M. For New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, R. Island, Vermont and Maine States, ar- rives daily at 5 A. M., and closes daily at 5 P. M. For Trenton, Patterson, Jersey City, Amboy and Bor- dentown, N. J., arrives daily at 5 A. M., and closes daily at 5 P. M. Second mail for New York city arrives daily except Sunday, 5 P. M., and closes daily except Saturday, at. midnight. For Trenton, Princeton, New Brunswick, Burling- ton, Woodbridge, Railway, Elizabethtown, Newark, and. Morristown, N. J,, Byberry, Andalusia, Bristol, Tully- town and Morrisville, Pa., arrives daily except Sunday at 5 P. M., and closes daily except Saturday at midni't. For Newton, Attleboro, New Hope, Lumberville and Ervvinna, Pa., arrives on Monday, Wednesday and Fri- day at 5 P. M., and closes on Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 7 P. M. For New Egypt, Pittstown, Vansykles, New Hamp- ton, and Hunterdon and Monmouth counties, N. J., ar- rives on Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 5 P. M.,, Addendao and closes daily except Thursday and Sunday, at 7 P.M. Via Easton, Pa., for Sussex and Warren counties, and east New Jersey, arrives on Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 5 P. M., and closes Tuesday and Thursday at midnight. For Kensington, Holmesburg, Bustleton and Frank- ford, arrives daily except Sunday, at 11 A. M., and closes daily except Sunday at 3 P. M. Southern Mail. Mails for Delaware State, Eastern shore of Maryland, and Virginia, arrives daily at 11 A. M., and closes daily at noon and midnight. For Maryland, Virginia, N. Carolina, S. Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Tennessee, Ohio, Ken- tucky, Indiana, Illinois and Missouri States; Arkan- sas and Florida, Territories ; Washington, Brownsville, Union Town, Pa., and New Castle, Del., arrives daily from 3 to 6 P. M., and closes daily at midnight. Western Mail. Mails for Pittsburg, Pa., and intermediate offices, Ohio State west, and Michigan Territory, Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Bedford, Butler, Crawford, Erie, Franklin, Fayette, Green, Mercer, Somerset, Washing- ton and Westmoreland counties, arrives daily from 9 to 10 A. M., and closes daily at midnight. For Harrisburg, (2d mail,) Cambria, Clearfield, Cum- berland, Columbia, Dauphin, Huntingdon, Indiana, Jef- ferson, Wyoming, McKean, Mifflin, Northumberland, Perry, Potter, Tioga, Union, Venango, Warren and Addenda. York counties, arrives daily at 7 P. M., and closes at 4 P.M. Mails for Avondale, Concord, Cheyney Shop, Haraer's Store, Ivy Mills, Kennel Square, Nevi^ London X Roads, Nether Providence, Strickersville, West Grove, Pa., Brick Meeting House, Belle Air, Port Deposit, Mary- land, arrives every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 4 P. M., and closes Sunday, Tuesday and Thursday at midnight. Mails for Kimberton, Morgantovi^n, New Holland and Leacock, arrives on Monday, Wednesday and Friday about 7 P. M., and closes on Monday, Wednesday and Friday at midnight. Mails for Reading, Berks, Lebanon and Schuylkill counties arrives daily at midnight, and closes daily at 7 P.M. Way mail to Reading arrives daily at midnight, and closes daily at midnight. Mails for Easton and intermediate offices, and Pike and Wayne counties, arrives daily except Sunday, at 5 P. M., and closes daily except Saturday, at midnight. Mails for Clingan, Conewingo, Md. and Oxford mail, arrives on Monday, Wednesday and Friday at about 5 P. M., and closes on Monday, Wednesday and Fri- day at midnight. Mails for Bethehem, Nazareth and intermediate of- fices, Bradford, Susquehanna and Luzerne counties, ar- rives daily about 7 P. M., and closes daily at midnight. Mails for Skippack, Sumneytown, Kutztown, arrives on Saturday about 9 A. M., and closes on Tuesday at noon. Mails for Rising Sun and Germantown, arrives daily Addenda. except Sunday, at 4 P. M., and closes except Sunday, at 4 P. M. Mails for Penntownship and Manayunk, arrives daily except Sunday, at 9 A. M. and closes daily except Sun- day at 3 P. M. Mails for Mount Holly, and Moore's Town, N. J., ar- rives daily except Sunday, at 12 A. M., and closes daily except Sunday, at 12| P. M. Mails for Pemberton, Vincenton, Medford, and Eves- ham, N. J., arrives on Monday and Friday at 3 P. M., and closes on Tuesday and Saturday at 10 A. M. Mails for Chesnut Hill, Hickorytown, Roxborough, and Norristown, arrives daily except Sunday, at 1 P. M., and closes daily except Sunday at I P. M. Mails for Bridgetown, and intermediate offices, ar- rives daily except Sundays, at 3 P. M., and closes daily except Saturday at midnight. Mails for Dennis' Creek, Cape May, C. H., Cape Is- land, Tuckahoe, arrives on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 5 P. M., and closes on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday at midnight. Mails for Roadstown, Alloways Town and Green- wich, N. J., arrives on Monday and Thursday at 5 P. M., and closes on Tuesday and Friday at midnight. Mails for Swedesboro', Sharptovvn, Salem, and Woods- town, N. J., arrives daily except Sunday, at 3 P. M., and closes daily except Saturday at midnight. Mails for Tuckerton, Leeds' Point, and intermediate offices, arrives Monday and Thursday, at 5 P. M., and closes on Tuesday and Friday at midnight. Mails for Great Egg Harbour, and intermediate of- fices, arrives on Monday and Thursday at 5 P. M., and closes on Tuesday and Friday at midnight. Mails for Malaga, Glassboro', Mauricetown, Melville Addenda, and Port Elizabeth, arrives on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 5 P. M., and closes on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at midnight. Mails for Hatboro', Ilartsville, New Hope, Pa., Lam- bertsville, Plainfield, Rin^oes, Scotch Plains, arrives on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 5 P. M., and closes on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at midnight. Letters must be left at the Post Office within the time specified, to insure going in the mail of the day, other- wise they will not be sent. As there are several places of the same name in the United States, it is necessary that the directions should be particular ; the States should be distinguished, and when it might be doubtful, the counties. When letters are not for a post town, the nearest post town ought to be mentioned. The office is opened daily from sunrise to 8 P. M,, except Sundays, the Fourth of July, and Christmas day, when it is open from 71 to 8^ A. M., and from 6 to 7 P. M. ■ Persons wishing to pay postage when the office is shut, can enclose the money with the letter, directed to " The Post Office." LIST Of Stages, Steamhoats and Packets which depart from Philadelphia for Europe and for places in the United States. Baltimore Steam Boat, Union Line. The Steamboat leaves the foot of Chestnut street every morning at 6 o'clock, via the Rail Road, and arrives at Baltimore the same afternoon. Baltimore United States Mail Stage (winter route), No» 28 South Third street, leaves daily at 7 o'clock, A. Addenda. M. Route through Kennetl Square, Port Deposit and New London M Roads. Bethlehem, Allentown, Mauchchunk and Montrose Mail stages. The Union Line of Stages for the above places, via Nazareth, Easton, and Wilkesbarre. Office Race street, 4 doors above Third street, 4| o'clock, A. M. Boston Packets, Regular Line, office at Grant and Stone's, 43 South Front street. Boston Union Line of Packets, office at A. C. Bar- clay's, 38 South Wharves. Bristol, Burlington and Bordentown by the New York lines. Charleston Packets, Regular Line office, J. L. Wil- son, Girard's wharf. Doylestown Stage, office White Swan, Race street. Leaves daily at 4^ o'clock A. M. Downingstown Stage, office 190 Market street. Leaves every morning at 8 o'clock, and at 5 in the evening. Easton Stage leaves White Swan, Race street, every morning at half past 4. Frankford Stage leaves the Second Street House, Se- cond street above Market, at 10 A. M. and 5 P. M. daily. A stage also leaves the sign of the Buck, 130 North Second street, at the same hours. Frankford, Holmesburg and Bustlcton Stage leaves every afternoon at 4 o'clock from the Second Street House. Germantown stage, office Third above Market, twice a day. Germantown Rail Road Cars, corner of Green and Ninth streets. An omnibus leaves the Exchange every Addenda* morning at 20 minutes past 7, and every hour after- wards during- the day for the depot of the Rail Road. Harrisburg. See Lancaster and Pittsburg stages. Huntington stage, 7 P. M. daily. Office, Race above Third. Harrisburg, Pittsburg, Erie, Reading, Pottsville and Northumberland United States Mail Stage, office Red Lion Hotel, 200 Market street, and White Swan. Lancaster and Pittsburg Mail Stage leaves No. 190 Market street, every morning at 5 and S o'clock. Route through Harrisburg and Chambersburg. Lancaster and Pittsburg Accommodation Stage leaves same place every evening at 5 o'clock. Liverpool, line of Packets : — Sails from Philadelphia on the 20th of each month, from Liverpool on the 8th of each month, and consists of the following ships. Pocahontas, West ; Monongahela, Brown ; Algonquin, Cheyney; Susquehanna, Cropper. Apply to Messrs. Cope, Walnut street wharf. Milton Stage, office White Swan. Montrose Stage, office White Swan, Race above Third. Starts at 4| A. M. Manayunk Stage, offices Washington House, 149 and 138 Race street, at 10 A. M.— 2, 4?t, and 5 P. M. Manayunk Rail Road Cars, Green and 9 th streets, at 7, 9, and 11, A M.— 3, 5, and 6, P. M. New York United States Mail, office 28 South Third street, leaves daily at half past 5 P. M. New York Union Line of Steamboats, leaves Ches- Addenda, nut street Wharf daily, (Sundays excepted) at 6 A. M. and 10. Route through Bordentown, &c. on the Rail Road. New York Union Line for the Transportation of Merchandize, daily, Chcsnut street Wharf. New Hope and Lambertville Stage leaves the White Horse, Bank street, on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fri- days at 8 A. M. New Jersey Stages. — To avoid confusion we have given a complete list of the New Jersey stages, under the ferrys they start from. Arck Street Ferry. Bridgetown every morning at sunrise, and extends to Cape Island every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday via Millville, Port Elizabeth, Dennis' Creek, &c. Mount Holly, every day at 2, P. M. through Moores- town. Vincentown and Medford every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday at 2 P. M. Isaac Reeves^ Ferry, upper side of Marlcet Street. Salem Stage leaves daily except Sunday at 7 o'clock, passing through Woodbury, Sandtown, Swedesboro, Sculltown, Woodstown, Sharptown to Salem. Port Elizabeth Stage leaves Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday mornings at 5 o'clock, passing through Wood- bury, Carpenter's Landing, Barnesboro, Franklinville, • Millville to Port Elizabeth. Cape May Stage leaves Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday mornings, at 5 o'clock, passing through Chew's Landing, Cross Keys, Tuckahoe, Dennis' Creek, Cape May Court House to Cape Island. Addenda. Leeds' Point Stage leaves Wednesday and Saturday mornings at 5| o'clock, passing through Haddenfield, Longacoming, Waterford, Hammonton, Pleasant Mills, to Leeds' Point. Pemberton Stage leaves Tuesdays and Saturdays at 11 o'clock, passing through Medford and Vinsentown -to Pemberton. New Egypt Stage leaves daily except Sundays via Bordentown to New Egypt; leaves at 7 J o'clock. Woodbury Stage leaves daily except Sundays for Woodbury at 3 o'clcok P. M. Mullicahill Stage leaves daily except Sundays at 2 o'clock P. M., passing through Woodbury, Carpenter's Landing to Mullicahill. Glasboro Stage leaves Tuesday, Thursday and Sa- turday mornings at 8 o'clock, passing through Wood- bury, Barnesboro to Glassboro. Blackwood-town Stage leaves daily except Sundays at 3 o'clock, P. M. Moorestown Stage leaves daily except Sundays at 3 o'clock, P. M. Haddonfield Stage leaves daily at 4 o'clock, P. M. Burr's Ferry south side of Market Street. Mount Holly Mail Stage starts daily except Sundays at 1 o'clock, passing through Moorestown. Greenwich Mail Stage starts Wednesdays and Satur- days at sun rise, passing Woodbury, Carpenter's landing, Mullicahill, Colestown, Eldridge's Hill, Woodstown, AUowaystown, and Rhodestown to Greenwich. Tuckerton Mail Stage, starts Wednesdays and Sa- turdays, at sun rise, passing through Haddonfield, Addenda. Longacoming, Jackson Glnss Works, Atsion Iron Works, Wading River and Bass River to Tuckerton. Somer's Point Mail Stage starts Tuesdays, Thurs- days, and Saturdays at sun rise, passing through Had- donfield, Longacoming, Blue Anchor, Winslow Glass Factories, Weymouth Furnace, Mass Landing, Bar- gaintovvn, Leedsville to Somer's Point. Millville Stage starts Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays at sunrise, passing through Woodbury, Carpen- ter's Landing, Barnestown, Glassboro, Franklinville, Malaga, Cumberland Furnace, and Tuckahoe Glass Works. Cedarville Stage starts Wednesdays and Satur- days, passing through Woodbury, Carpenter's Land- ing, Barnesboro, Hardingville, Pittstown, Centreville, Bridgetown, and Bum Bridge, to Cedarville. Medford Stage starts daily, at 2 o'clock P. M., pass- ing through Ellisburg, and Sv^ain's Tavern to Med- ford. Moorestown Stage starts daily at 3 o'clock P. M. Also a Sunday stage, leaving at TJ o'clock A. M., and 51 o'clock P. M. Haddonfield Stage, starts daily at 4 o'clock P. M. Also, a Sunday Stage, leaving at 8 o'clock A. M., and 4 o'clock P. M. Nevf Orleans Packets, three lines : 1, Stacy's, from below Chcsnut street. 2, Morgan's, Walnut street wharf 3, Hand's, Girard's wharf Niagara Stage, office White Swan, Race street, above Third, 4i A. M. Norristown Stage, office 138 Race street, daily, at 3 P. M., by way of Falls of Scliuylkill and Roxborough. Addenda. Oswego Stage, office White Swan, Race street above Third, at Ah A. M. Pottsville Stage, office White Swan, leaves daily at 8 A. M., and 7 o'clock A. M. Route via Norristown and Reading. Pittsburg United States Mail Stage, office Red Lion, 200 Market street, at 8 A. M. and 7 P. M. Trenton, by the Union Line of Steamboats. During the winter season, a stage leaves the Robinson Crusoe. in Third above Chesnut, daily at 7J A. M. Trenton Rail-road, office 23 south Third street, starts daily at 8 A. M., and 2 P. M. West Chester Stage, office 200 Market street, or Red Lion, leaves daily at 7 A. M. and 2 P. M. Westtown Stage, office White Horse in Bank street, leaves on Tuesdays, and Saturdays, in summer at 7, and in winter at 8 A. M. Wilmington Steamboat, leaves Race street wharf daily at 7 A. M., and Arch street at 2 P. M. Yellow Springs Stage, office White Swan, leaves on Tuesdays Thursdays and Saturdays at 5 A. M. Philadelphia Hotels. The following list comprises the principal Hotels in Philadelphia — they are kept by gentlemen of establish- ed reputation, and for accommodation, cleanliness and comfort, may vie with any in this country : United States Hotel, — Chesnut street, between Fourth and Fifth streets, kept by David Dorrance. Congress Hall, — Chesnut street near Third, kept by William E. Wells. Tremont House, — Chesnut street bctvv^een Third and Fourth streets, kept by Zenas Wells. Addenda. City Hotel, — Third street, between Market and Arch streets, kept by Heiskill and Badger. North American Hotel, — Chesnut street, between Sixth and Seventh streets, kept by Mrs. Catharine Yohe. Mansion House Hotel, — Tliird street, between Wal- nut and Spruce streets, kept by Joseph Head. Red Lion Inn, — Market street, between Sixth and Seventh streets, kept by Christian Brower. Commercial Hotel, — Chesnut street, between Front and Second streets, kept by Aaron Clement. White Swan Hotel, — Race street between Third and Fourth streets, kept by John Horter. Indian Queen Hotel, — Fourth street, between Market and Chesnut streets, kept by Bernard Duke. Washington Hotel, — Fourth street between Market and Arch, kept by Joseph M. Sanderson. Philadelphia Hotel, — Second street, between Arch and Race streets, kept by Brower and Barnum. Second Street House, — Second street between Market and Arch streets, kept by George Vogel. Third Street House, — Third street, between Willow and Coates' street, kept by Dunlap. Broad Street House, — Broad street, between Vine and Callowhill streets, kept by William Matheys. Philadelphia House, — 207 Chesnut street, between Sixth and Seventh streets, kept by J. B. and J. D. Swords. Principal Boarding Houses. Mrs. Crim, 108 Walnut street. Mrs. Spencer, Library and Fifth street. Addenda. Mrs. Israel, 91 south Fifth street. Mrs. Alhbone, Fourth and Willing's Alley. Mrs. Ncwlin, 98 south Third street. Mrs. Wilson, 121 Chesnut street. Mrs. Hays, Third and Willing's Alley. APPENDIX, POPULATION. Of the population of Philadelphia, previous to the year 1790, we have not many memorials. In 1720, the taxable inhabitants in the city and county amounted to 1195 ; in 1740, they had increased to 4850 : and in 1751, to 7100. The whole number of inhabitants in the city proper, in 1753, is stated to have been 14,563 : in 1760, 18,756 ; and in 1769, 28,042. In 1790 the first official census was taken, and from that time we have regular and authentic returns of the population. The following table, framed from these re- turns, will exhibit the progressive increase of inhabitants. City County Total. 1790' 42,520 11,871* 54,391 1800 41,220 39,789 81,009 1810 53,722 57,488 111,210 1820 63,802 72,695 136,497 The population of the city, and the adjoining districts, ap- pears by the census taken in 1830 to be as follows . City. Cedar Ward 6321 Chesnut Ward . ' . 4115 Dock Ward 5378 High Street Ward 4446 Locust Ward 7117 27.377 * The census of 1790 includes in the population of the city that of the S7(,burbs ; the subsequent censuses add the popula- tion of the suburbs to that of the county. Appendix. Brought up 27377 Lower Delaware Ward 6863 Middle Ward 3632 New Market Ward 7443 Northward 5796 North Mulberry Ward 5804 PiueWard 5540 South Ward 3467 South Mulberry Ward 5364 Upper Delaware Ward 5763 Walnut Ward 3428 Incorporated Districts. Northern Liberties 28923 Spring Garden 11141 Southwark, East 10361 do West . 10385 Kensington . 13326 Moyamensing 6822 Passyunk .... 1441 Townships. Blockley .... 3401 Bristol .... 1425 Byberry .... 1018 Frankfort .... 1637 Germantown 4642 Kingsessing 1068 Lower Dublin .... 2705 Moreland 418 Unincorporated N. Liberties 2453 Oxford 1502 Penn Township . 2507 Rosborough 3334 Recapitulation. City 80,477 Incorporated Districts 82,399 Townships 26,110 Total 188,986 80,477 82,399 26,110 i i fflffi