^H BBBi IB M H IH M ■■ ' KB HBH ■■■■■■■■■■■III j'jv.t — RfHtf I ■■HhUBH f«ti Class, rulio 18 Book double u. X x £ X X X X X & & eks. Y y Z z * 8 Y Z 7 z Y z y z toy. zed * Tho term Alphabet is derived from Alpha, Beta, the first two letters of the Greek alphabet; just as we say the "A. B. C." for all the letters; and Abecedarian, for a teacher of the Alphabet. The order of the letters in the Alphabet appears to have been a matter of chance ; nor PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION. THE SOUNDS OR POWERS OF THE LETTERS. VOWELS. The sounds of the vowels may he reduced to their long or open sounds ; their short or shut sounds ; their obscure or unaccented sounds; and their incidental or irregular sounds. 1. A vowel has its long sound when under the accent; as a in fatal, e in legal, % in title, 6 in notice, and u in duty. A vowel has also its long sound in monosyllables ending in e mute preceded by a single * consonant ; as 5 in. fate, e in mete, i in pine, o in note, and u in tube. The only exceptions seem to be, have, are, gape, bade, where (whare), there (thare), ere (air), were, give, live, gone, shone ; and words like love, dove, &c, in which o has the sound of short u. 2. A vowel has its short sound when it is followed by a consonant which shuts or abruptly terminates its sound ; as a in fat, e in met, i in ]>i?i, o in not, and u in tub. This is always the case in monosyllables ending in a single consonant, as in the examples just given. A vowel has also its shut or short sound when it is followed by an accented con- sonant in the same syllable ; as a in balance, e in felon, i in military, o in nov'el, and u in pun/ish. It has, also, its short sound, when it is fol- lowed by two or more consonants ; as in canvass, membrane, timbrel, mortal, and pungent.^ 3. When a vowel has neither its long or open sound, nor its short J. or shut sound, as in the foregoing cases, it has an obscure or indistinct sound, particularly when it follows an accented syllable ; as the second a in cab'bage and ab'bacy ; e in open and battery ; i in ruin and ability ; o in actor and felony ; and u in Arth'ur and sulph'ury. It is evident that in such examples as the preceding, the unaccented vowel has a sound so obscure that its place might be supplied by any of the other vowels without producing any very perceptible change in the pronunciation of the word. For example, the a in cab'bage and the u in Arth'ur might be changed into any of the other vowels without causing any material change in the pronunciation of the syllable (as in cab'bfge, cabbige, cab'boge, cab'buge; Arth'ar, Arth'er, Arth'ir, Arth'or). Hence the inutility of marking the sounds of the vowels in such positions. — See No. 75. 4. As no general rule can be given with regard to the incidental or irregular sounds of the vowels, we shall briefly notice them under each letter in order. is it of much consequence how they are arranged. Some writers, however, have urged a new and philosophical arrangement. The vowels, they insist, should take precedence of the consonants, and be marshalled with regard to each other, according to the aperture which each demands of the mouth to give it due utterance ; while the consonants should be arranged with reference to the organs which are chiefly employed in giving them utterance ; as the lips, the teeth, the throat, &c. This would certainly be a more rational arrangement of the letters ; but it is now too late to make such alterations. It is remarkable that the letter A holds the first place in every alphabet ; perhaps be- cause the open sound, as in the word father, is the simplest and easiest of all sounds. It is the first articulate sound which children make, as in the words papa, mamma ; arid in almost every language, except the English, this is the only sound of a. * In change, mange, range, strange; chaste, haste, paste, and a few similar words, the a is long, though two consonants follow. + In ancient, angel, chamber, cambric, and Cambridge, the a has its long sound, though followed by two consonants. % The obscure sounds of the vowels are also short, and more or less so according to theii position; but they differ from the shut sounds in being less distinct. SOUNDS OR POWERS OF THE VOWELS. M A. 5. A has in addition to its long slender English * sound, as in fate andp^per, and its short Italian sound, as in fat and mttr'ry, two other sounds, namely, its long Italian sound, as in^r and father, and its broad German sound, as in full and water. a. A has its long Italian sound before r in monosyllables, as in far, bard, starve; and also, before Im, If, or Iv, when the I is silent, as in calm, alms, calf, half, calve, halve. b. When a is followed by II, Id, Ik, or It, it has the broad German sound, as in call, bald, walk, salt. The only exceptions seem to be shall, mall, and Pall-mall (a street in London) which is pronounced Pell-mell'. It has also the broad German sound in appal, palsy, false (and its compounds) ; also in enthral, f thraldom, albeit, almost, also, although, altogether, and always. A has also the broad German sound between wand r, as in ivarm, swarm; and generally after w, as in swab, swan, wan, want, was, what, watch. Also, when it is preceded by a letter sounded like w, as u in quantity and quality. c. By substituting 6 for a in any of the preceding examples, as in swab and swan (swob, swan,) it will be evident that the broad German sound of a is almost the same as short o. Compare also the sound of the diphthong au, as in laurel and daughter. d. In the unaccented terminations acb, age, as in furnace and cabbage, a has its obscure sound, and consequently differs very little from the obscure or unaccented sound of any of the other vowels. This is the effect of the accent on the preceding syllable. The a in the unaccented termination ate is similarly affected, as in climate. — Seo No. 75. e. In the words any, many,t Pall-mall, Thames, the a is pronounced like short e, as in viet. In are, it is pronounced as in far; and in bade, gape, and have, it has the short bound as in fat. 6. E, as has been stated in the general rule about rowels, has a long sound, as in mete and legal ; and a short sound, as in met and mellow. a. Before d, I, or n, in a final unaccented syllable, as in loved, revel, fallen, the short sound of e becomes so obscure that in some cases it is scarcely perceptible. Hence, in the past tense and past participle of verbs ending in ed, the e is scarcely ever pronounced, ex- cept in solemn and formal speaking. It must also of necessity be pronounced when it is preceded by d or I, as in the words afforded and hated. § In such words as fallen and stolen, therefore, the e is scarcely audible, and in mown, sown, thrown, seen, and several others, it has been entirely omitted. b. Tho preceding observations apply to the termination le,\\ as in handle and bottle, in * The a slender is the proper English a, called by Erpenius in his Arabic Grammar, a Anglicum cum e mistum, as having a middle sound between the open a and e. — Dr. Johnson. t Enthral. In this, and the following words, al is pronounced all, as formerly written. % We would rather pronounce these words an'ny and man'ny. En'ny and men'ny sa- vour of affectation. § Formerly it was the practice to omit the e in writing, and to mark its absence by an apostrophe, as in the vtOTdfollow'd ; but this is no longer dene except by persons of " the old school." II The termination le has sadly puzzled the lexicographers. Walker calls it "a monster in grammar, a syllable without a vowel 1" But the error is in the orthography, and not in the pronunciation. The original and proper position of the e was before the I, and it is still pronounced as if it were in that position, for the sound of I is le, and not el. Ask a person ignorant of the proper orthography of the word model, for instance, to spell it, and he will be as likely to make it end in le (moddle), as in el (model). In fact, the mistake is so natural a one that even good spoilers sometimes fall into it. It is not surprising, therefore, that our old writers should have made so many similar mistakes ; particularly when wo recollect that they were so careless and incorrect in their orthography that they frequently spelled tho same word in different ways, even in the same page. The same observation's apply to re in an unaccented final syllable. It was originally written er, and it is still so pronounced. The following couplet from Chaucer exemplifies the old method of spelling such words : " But all be that he was a philosopJire, Yet hadde he but litel gold In cojfre." In such words as acre and massacre the transposition was necessary to preserve c hard Massacre is sometimes pronounced by the common people as it is written [massacree). a 3 It PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION. which e and I have hy a careless orthography — or hy what grammarians call metathesis—' changed places. The same may be said of the termination re ; as in centre, sabre, and metre, in which r and e have evidently changed places. c. In the words clerk, sergeant, Derby, Berkeley, and a few other proper names, e is pronounced like a in far. Sheridan has given a similar pronunciation to the e in merchant, hut it would now be considered affected or vulgar. Compare the vulgar pronunciation of the words se?-ve (sarv), service, servant, vermin, &c. d. E is mute at the end of a word, except in monosyllables that have no other vowel, as in me, he, be, we; and in words adopted without alteration from the learned languages, as epitome, simile, finale. But though e at the end of English words does not constitute an additional syllable, yet it modifies or lengthens the preceding vowel ; as in fat, fate ; met, mete; pin, pine ; not, note; tub, tube. I. 7. /, as has been already observed, has two sounds ; namely, its long diphthongal sound as in pine and title; and its short simple sound, as in pin and tit'tle. a. In a few words, i before r has the sound of short ii; as in bird, dirt, first, sir, stir, third, thirty, thirst; and in a few others it is sounded like short e, as in birth, mirth, fir, girl, virtue. But in these, and in all similar words, it would be better to give i its own short unaccented sound, which indeed differs little from short e; and such is the present tendency. In birch, dirk, flirt, squirt, spirt, for instance, i has recovered its proper sound, though these words are pronounced in Walker, burch, durk,flurt, sqwurt, spurt. b. In the following words which are derived chiefly from the French language, the French or foreign sound of i has been retained. This sound of i coincides with the long sound of e in English, as in the word me ; Antique. Bom basin. Brazil. Caprice. Capuchin. Chagrin. c. In certain situations i takes the sound of initial y ; as in the words pin' ion, min'ion, auxiliary, incend'iary, which are pronounced pin'-yon, min'-yon, auxil'-yary, incend'-yary. This is produced by the influence of the preceding accent, which, leaves the i to take its in- itial or y sound in the syllable that follows. — See No. 75. d. In the unaccented terminations ice, ile, ine, ise, and ite, as in no'tice, fertile, gen'uine,fran'chise, and res'pite, the i is usually short ; and in the unaccented termina- tion ive, as in motive, it is always so. This is the effect of the accent on the preceding syllable. — See No. 79. Chemise. Oblique. Profile. Ravine. Critique. Palanquin. Quarantine. Recitative. Fatigue. Pelisse. Machine. Routine. Glacis. Pique. Marine. Tambourine. Intrigue. Piquant. Magazine. Tontine. Invalid. Police. Mandarin. Unique. 0. 8. O, as has been stated in the general rule about vowels, has two sounds; namely, its long sound, as in note and noble; and its short sound, as in not and ob'ject. a. In the following words, and perhaps a few others, short o has acquired the sound of short ii, {above being pronounced abiiv ; affront, affriint, &c.) : Above. Compass. Dost. Month. Somerset. Affront. Comrade. Dove. Mother. Son. Among. Combat. Dozen. None. Sovereign. Amongst. Comfrey. Dromedary. Nothing. Sponge. Attorney. Conduit. Front. One. Stomach. Bomb. Coney. Glove. Onion. Thorough. Bombard. Conjure. Govern. Other. Ton. Borough. Constable. Honey. Oven. Tongue. Brother. Covenant. Hover. Plover. Word. Cochineal. Cover. Love. Pomegranate. Work. Colander. Covert. Lover. Pommel. Wonder, Color. Covet. Monday. Rhomb. World. Come. Covey. Money. Shove. Worry. Comely. Cozen. Monger. Shovel. Worse. Comfit. Discomfit. Mongrel. Sloven. Worship. Comfort. Done. Monk. Smother. Wort. Company. Doth. Monkey. Some. Worth. SOUNDS OR POWERS OF THE VOWELS. V b. In a few words, o has the sound of oo (the French ou), as in move, prove (and their compounds), behove, lose, do, ado, who, whom, tomb. This sound of o is shortened in the words bosom, wolf, woman, Wolsey, Wolverhampton, and Worcester. c. Short o is lengthened before r when terminating monosyllables, or when followed by another consonant ; as in for and former .* This sound of o is equivalent to the broad Ger- man sound of a, and also to the diphthong au. Compare, for example, the words Poll, pall, and Paul.— See No. 5, c. u. 9. U, as has been stated in the general rule, f has two sounds ; namely, its long diphthongal sound, as in tube, use, and duty ; and its short simple sound, as in tub, us, and concussion. a. In the following words u has the short sound of oo, as in good. This has been called the third or middle sound of u. It is equivalent to the sound of o in bosom, wolf, &c. Refer to note b under O. Bulnnch.i Bulwark. Cuckoo. Pull. Push. Bull. Bush, Cushion. Pullet. Puss. Bullet. Bushel. Full. Pulley. Put, v. Bullion. Butcher. Pudding. Pulpit. Sugar. 6. When u is preceded by r in the same syllable, it has a sound somewhat longer than its third or middle sound too), as in brute, intrude, prudent, rude, ruby, true. c. In the words busy and business, u has the sound of short I; and in bury, burial, and in the termination bury (from borough, as in Canterbury,) it has the sound of short e (berry). 10. Y is another form of i, and has the same sounds. Thus in the words type and tyrant, we have the long sound of I; and in typical and tyranny, its short one. In the beginning of a word, as in yard and yesterday, y is pronounced with an aspirate or breathing, which has led the generality of grammarians to regard it, in this position, as a different letter from i, and to class it as a consonant. But if we substitute i for y in such a position, and pronounce it with an aspirate, as in the terminations ion and iary, in such words as pin'zora, auxiliary and in- cen&'iary, it will be evident that y in the beginning, as well as in the middle, and end of a word, is merely another form of i. Compare also the sound of i in adieu with the sound of y in you. a. In Greek and foreign words, as in type, tyrant, myrrh, and alchymy, § y is not the representative of i, but of a different letter. The sound is, however, the same. b. Y unaccented at the end of a word, as in glory, has the short sound of if but if accented, as in ally, it has, of course, the long sound of i. w. 1 1 . Formerly the letter u was expressed by v, as we may still see by looking into any old author. Hence the letter w derives both its form iyv) and its name {double u). Like y, w is usually regarded as a con- sonant when it begins a word, and as a vowel when it ends a word o? syllable. In the latter case, it is merely another form of u, and conse- quently a vowel, as in new, flew, vieio, prow, and tow-el ; and in the former, it either represents v, as in wine and wool, or is merely u or oo aspirated, as in whole and work. Compare the pronunciation of the word one, in which w is audibly present. * Short a is lengthened before r in a similar way, as in far and farmer. t Page ii. $. Tbis sound of w is retained in the derivatives of these words, as bullock, fulness, peaceful, fulfil, &c. ; and it is also found in some words which seem to be derived from them, though of a different origin, as full (to cleanse cloth from oil and grease), fuller, fulling- ni'ili, Fulham, &c. § In such words y represents the Greek letter upsh.on or slender u. PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION. DIPHTHONGS AND TRIPHTHONGS. 12. According to Walker, there are twenty-six diphthongs and six triphthongs in the English language: as in Caesar. ei as in ceiling. oa as in coat. ui as in languid. , aim. eo ,, peopie. ce „ ceeonomy. uy „ buy. „ gan!. eu „ feud. oi ,, voice. aye „ (tor ever). „ taught. ew „ jewel. oo ,, moon. eau „ beauty. ■j j law. ey „ they. ou „ found. eou „ plenteous. „ say. ia ,, poniard. ow „ now. ieu „ adieu. „ clean. ie ,, friend. oy ji k°y- iew „ view. , reed. io ,, passion. ue „ mansuetude. ceu „ manoeuvre But they maybe reduced to twenty diphthongs, and three triphthongs, namely, ai, au, ea, ee, ei, eo, eu, ie, oa, oo, ui, ay, cy, uy, oi, oy, ou, aw, ew, ow ; eau, ieu, iew. And if y be regarded as merely another form of i, and w of u, it is evident that they may be reduced still further. Of the diphthongs enumerated, seventeen have a sound purely monophthongal. and hence they have been called improper diphthongs. Sheridan calls such combinations digraphs, that is, double written. The only proper diphthongs in our language, in which both vowels are distinctly heard forming together one syllable, are eu, oi, and on, as in the words feud, voice, and found. The triphthongs occur only in a few Avords adopted from the French language ; as eau in beau, bureau, flambeau, portmanteau ; ieu in adieu, lieu, purlieu, and iew in view. Eau has always the sound of long o, except in beauty and its compounds, in which it has the sound of long u ; and the other two triphthongs, ceu and iew have the diph- thongal sound of eu, as in feud and few. Lieutenant and lieutenancy are the only exceptions, (in which ieu is pronounced ev.) SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS, PROPER AND IMPROPER. 1 3. The diphthong ce does not properly belong to the English language,* and is found only in a few classical words not completely naturalized ; as inJEsop, Ccesar, pcean. minutioe, &c. It has the sound of long i; as in me ; and it is now usuall}' written without the a,* as in ether, equator, and even the proper name Eneas. AI. AY. 14. The diphthong ai has exactly the same sound as the long slender a, as in fate. Hence pail, a vessel, is pronounced exactly like pale, a color. The diphthong ay is another form of ai, and is pronounced exactly like it, as in lay, laid. a. In the words again, against, said, and saiih, ai has the sound of short e, as in met; in plaid and raillery, it has the sound of short a, as in ?nad and sal' ary ; and in aisle, it is pronounced like long i, as in isle- In the word quay, ay is usually pronounced like long e. b. In final unaccented syllables, as in mount' ain, ai has the sound of short £. The same observation applies to ay in a final unaccented syllable, as in Sunday, Monday, &c. AO. 15. The diphthong ao occurs only in the word gaol, in which it has * Dr. Johnson says"^ is no English diphthong, and is more properly expressed by single e, as in Cesar, Eneas." But notwithstanding his authority, the a has been retained in several words, particularly proper names and technical terms. SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS. Vii the sound of ax. nounced, jail. This word is now more properly written as it is pro- AU. AW. 16. The diphthong au has the sound of the broad German a, as in fall. Hence haul, to pull or drag, and hall, a large room, are pronounced exactly alike. The diphthong aw is another form of au, and is pro- nounced exactly like it. a. The diphthong au hefore n and another consonant, as in aunt and jaunt, has the long Italian sound of a, as in far and father. In some words of this class, however, it is pro- nounced, particularly by persons who are ambitious of being thought to speak better than their neighbours, like the broad German a, as in the general rule. A vaunt and vaunt are perhaps the only words of this class which should be considered as exceptions. The fol- lowing list contains nearly ail the words of this class : Aunt.* Daunt. Haunch. Laundress. Saunders. Askaunt. Haunt. Jaundice. Laundry. Saunter. Askaunce. Gaunt. Jaunt. Maund. Saunterer. Cfaunch. Gauntlet. Launch. Paunch. Taunt. Custom, however, seems still in favor of pronouncing taunt, saunter, and perhaps some of the others, as if written tawnt, sawnter, &c. b. In the words laugh, draught, and draughts, au has also the sound of a as in far. c. In French words, as hautboy and hautgout, au has the sound of long 6; and in cauliflower, laurel, and laudanum, it sounds like short 6. as in me, except in the Bread. Feather. Breadth. Head. Breakfast. Health. Breath. Heard. Cleanse. Hearse. Dead. Heather. Deaf. Heaven. Dearth. Heavy. Dreamt. Instead. Earl. Jealous. Earn. Jealousy. Earnest. Lead ia metal). Endeavour. Leant. Ready. Threaten. Realm. Treachery. Rehearse. Tread. Seamstress. Treadle. Search. Treasure. Spread. Treasury. Stead. Wealth. Steady. Wealthy. Stealth. Weapon. Stealthy. Weather. Sweat. Yearn. Thread. Zealot. .Threat. Zealous. EA. 17. The diphthong en, has the sound of Ion following words, and their compounds : Learn. Leather. Leaven. Meadow. Meant. Measure. M easurer. Pearl. Peasant. Pheasant. Pleasant. Pleasure. Read \past tense). Threat. In the foregoing words, ea has the sound of short c, as in met; but in the following words, it has the long slender sound of a, as in fate : Bear. Forbear. Greater. Steak. Tear {to rend). Bearer. Forswear. Greatest. Swear. Wear. Break. Great. Pear. Swearer. Wearer. And in the words which follow, ea has the sound of a, as in far : Heart. Hearten. Hearth. Hearken. Hearkener. It may now be inferred as a general rule, that in all other words ea has the sound of long e, as in me. EE. 18. The diphthong ee is, also, pronounced like long e, as in me, except in the contracted words eer and neer, and the low word breeches, (winch are pronounced air, nair, and britches, f) • The u in such words (for it does not really belong to them) must have crept in to re- present the drawling and affected pronunciation of a before n, as in can't, shan't, demand, &c, which we sometimes hear pronounced cavvn't, shavvn't, demawnd, &c. Staunch, the old spelling of stanch, is an additional illustration of this. t Shortened from the simple word breech, as in the examples given under No. 74. Neighbour. Rein-deer. Vein. Obeisance. Skein. Weigh. Reign. Their. Weight. Rein. Veil. Weighty. Vlll PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION. EI. 19. The diphthong ei, also, is usually pronounced like the long e in me, except in the following words, in which it has the sound of long slender a, as in fate : Deign. Heinous. Eight. Heir. Feign. Heiress. Freight. Neigh. a. In height and sleight, ei has the sound of long i ; and in heifer and non-pareil, of short e, (pronounced, hite, slite, hefer, non-par-el'.) b. When following an unaccented syllable, as in forfeit, ei has the sound of short », as in pin. — See No. 75. EO. 20. The diphthong eo has the sound of long e in people ; of short e, in leopard, jeopardy, feoff and its compounds ; of long u, in feod, and its compounds ; of long o in yeoman and yeomanry ; and of short 6 in George and Georgic. In galleon, a Spanish ship, it formerly had the sound of oo, as in moon ; but now the word is usually pronounced in three sylla- bles (gal'-le-on). a. When following an accented syllable, as in sur'geon, eo has the sound of short m, as in tub. — See No. 75. EU. EW. 21. In etc both of the vowels are sounded, as in the word feud, and hence this is one of the proper diphthongs. EW is another form of eu, and has precisely the same sound. a. In sew, sewer, and the proper name Shrewsbury, ew has the sound of Jong o; also, in shew, but this word is now more properly written show. And sewer, a drain, is com- monly pronounced, and sometimes written, shore. Strew is now regularly pronounced, stroo, and is scarcely ever written strow. EY. 22. The diphthong ey has the same sound as ai and ay, that is, of long slender a, as in. fate. a. When following an accented syllable, as in valley, ey is pronounced quickly and obscurely, like as' and ay in a similar position. — See No. 14, b\ and No. 75. b. In the words key and ley, which seem to be the only exceptions, ey has the sound of long e, as in me. IA. 23. For the sound of the combination ia after an accented syllable, as in poniard, see No. 76. IE. 24. The diphthong ie has usually the long sound of e, as in the words Held, fiend, grieve. The diphthongs ea, ee, ei, and ie, are, therefore, ge- nerally speaking, pronounced alike. a. In friend and its compounds, ie has the sound of short e ; and there is a strong dis- position to give it a similar sound in fierce, pierce, and tierce. In kerchief and handker- chief, it has the sound of short i. OA. 25. The diphthong oa has the sound of long d, as in the words boat, coat, loaf. The only exceptions seem to be, groat, broad, and abroad, in winch oa sounds Like aw. SOUNDS OF THE DIPHTHONGS. ix CE. 26. The diphthong ce is pronounced like ce, and the same observa- tions are applicable to it — to which refer. a. In the words canoe and shoe, oe is pronounced like oo ; and in does (from the verb do) it has the sound of short u. 01. OY. 27. In oi both of the vowels are sounded, as in the word boil ; and hence this is one of the proper diphthongs. Oy is another form of oi, and has the same sound. 00. 28. The regular sound of the diphthong oo is heard in the words moon, soon, fool, food, &c. a. The regular sound of oo is shortened in several words ; as in the following : Wool. Good. Foot. Book. Look. Wood. Hood. Stood. Cook. Took. This sound of oo is equivalent to the third sound of u, as in bull. — See No. 9, a. b. In blood and flood, oo has the sound of short u, as in mud; and iu door, floor, of long 6, as in more. ou. ow. 29. When both of the vowels are sounded, as in sour, ou is a proper diphthong ; but when only one of them is heard, as in source, it is a digraph or improper diphthong. The proper or diphthongal sound of ou is heard in the words noun, found, pound, &c. a. In several words ou has the sound of long 6 ; as in the following : Although. Courtier. Fourteen. Mourn. Shoulder. Borough. Concourse. Furlough. Poultice. Smoulder. Bourn. Discourse. Intercourse. Poultry. Soul. Coulter. Dough. Mould. Poulterer. Source. Course. Doughy. Mouldy. Pour. Thorough. Court. Four. Moult. Resource. Though. b. In the following words, and perhaps a few others i, ou has the : sound of short u: Adjourn. Courteous. Journal. Roughness. Toughness. Bourgeon. Cousin. Jouvney. Scourge. Touch. Chough. Enough. Journeyman. Slough* Touchy. Country. Flourish. Joust. Southern. Young. Couple. Gournet. Nourish. Southerly. Youngster. Courage. Housewife. Rough. Tough. Younker. c. In the following words, ou has what may be called its French sound, which, as we have seen before, is equivalent to oo in coo, or single o in move. Accoutre. Contour. Ragout. Sou, sous. Tourmaline. Amour. Could. Rendezvous. Surtout, Uncouth. Bouquet. Croup. Rouge. Through. You. Bouse. Croupier. Route. Toupee. "> Toupet. ) Your. Bousy. Gout (goo). Routine. Youth. Capouch. Group. Should. Tour. Would. Cartouch. Paramour. Soup. Tourist. Wound. This sound of ou is shortened in the words could, should, and would. Compare with this sound, the short sound of oo, as in wool, and the third sound of u, as in bull. d. In the following words ou has the sound of au, which, as we have seen before, is equivalent to the broad German a, as in fall. Besought. Brought. Methought. Ought. Thought. Bought. Fought. Nought. Sought. Wrought. e. In the words cough and trough (which rhyme with off and scoff,) ou has the sound of short o ; also, in lough and shough (which are pronounced lock and shock). OW. 30. Ow is another form of ou, and like it, when both of the vowels are sounded, as in now, it is a proper diphthong ; but when only one * Slough ; that is, when it means the cast skin of a serpent. X PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION. of them is heard, as in blow, it is a digraph or improper diphthong. Its diphthongal or proper sound is the same as ou, and is heard in the following words, now, brow, town, gown, shower, bower, vowel, &c. a. Like ou, ow has in several words the sound of long o, as in : Below. Glow. Low. Owner. Sown. Bestow. Grow. Lower. Row. Snow. Blow. Grower. Lowest. Rower. Stow. Bow. Grown. Mow. Show. Throw. Crow. Growth, Mower. Slow. Thrown. Flow. Know. Owe. Sow. Thrower Flown. Known. Own. Sower. Trow. Six of the preceding words have also the regular or diphthongal sound, but in that case they have different meanings, and are, in fact, with the exception of the word bow, differ- ent words. Refer to the " Words similarly spelled, but differently pronounced," for the meaning of Bow, Low, Lower, Mow, Row, and Sow. OY. 31. This diphthong is another form of oi, and is similarly pronounced. UA. 32. When the a in this combination is pronounced, the u has the sound of w, which unites both into one syllable, as in the words assuage, equal, language, &c, (pronounced asswa'ge, e'qwal, lang'gwage.) a. In a few words, u before a is silent ; as in guard, guardian,* guarantee, and piquant. Also, in the words victuals, victualling , and victualler (pronounced vit'tdls, &oJ In the word mantuamaker,\ the a is commonly omitted in tho pronunciation, but in the proper oaiue Mantua, both vowels are distinctly pronounced. UE. 33. When the e in this combination is pronounced, the u, as in ua, has the sound of w, as in question, quench, and desuetude, (pronounced qwest'ijun, qwench, des'swetude.) a. In a few words the u is silent before e, as in guess, guest, and guerdon. In such A-ords, the u has been inserted to preserve the hard sound of g. If it were omitted, the pronunciation would be jess, jest, &c. In the word conquer also, and its compounds, the u is usually omitted in the pronunciation ; but conquest follows the general rule. b. When ue ends a word, as in due, the e is of course mute, and the u has its long sound; except in words where r precedes u, as in true, iu which case it is pronounced like oo. • — See note d, No. 6. c. In the termination gue, as in brogue, plague, league, intrigue, both the vowels are silent, but they are not without use, for the u keeps theg' hard, and the e, generally, gives the long sound to the preceding vowel. The same observations apply to the termination ue, as in opaque and antique. But in the termination ogue in words derived from the k, the o has the short sound, as in dialogue, pedagogue, &c. c TJI. UY. 34. When both vowels of this diphthong are pronounced, the u has the sound of w, as in anguish, languid, linguist, penguin.^ Compare the sound of u before a or e in the same syllable. a. In a few words tho u before i is silent, as in guide, guild, guilt, guinea, guise. In such words, the u has been inserted to preserve the^ hard ; and in biscuit and circuit, § the u serves a similar purpose. But in such words as build and conduit,§ the u, according to their present pronunciation, is superfluous. b. When ui is preceded by r, as in bruise, fruit, and recruit, the i is silent and the u is pronounced like oo. Juice, sluice, suit, and pursuit are similarly pronounced. * Pronounced gard, gard'yan, garantee, and pee'kant. + Mantuamaker. This word is not connected with tho proper name Mantua, % Pronounced ang'gwish, lang'gwid, lin'gwist, pen'gwin. § Pronounced bis'kit, cir'kit, cun'dit. SOUNDS OR POWERS OF THE CONSONANTS. 21 UO. 35. In this combination, u has the sound of w, as in the words : Quondam. Quota. Quotation. Quotidian. Siliquous. Quorum. Quote. Quoth. Quotient. Siliquose. a. The words quoif and quoit are similarly pronounced ; but they are now usually written coif and coit, and pronounced as they aro spelled. UY. 36. This is another form of the diphthong ui, and is similarly pro- nounced. When the u is pronounced, it has the sound of w, as in obloquy ; and the y has always the sound of i long, if under the accent, as in buy'er ; and short, if unaccented, as in plaguy. UOY. 37. This diphthong occurs only in the word buoy, which should he pronounced btuoy, the u in this position having the sound of w. CONSONANTS. 38. The sounds or powers of the consonants are exemplified in the following Table. Letters. Sounds. Letters. Sounds. B C hard Ban, ben, bin, bond, bun. Cat, cot, cut. M N Man, men, middle, model, muddle. Nab, neb, nib, not, nut. C soft Cell, cit, cypress. P Pan, pen, pin, pond, pun. D F Dan, den, din, dome, dun. Fan, fen, fin, fond, fund. Q B, Quarter, question, quick, quondam. Rat, red, rid, rod, rut. G hard Gad, got, gun. s Sat, set, sit, sot, sutler. G soft Gem, gm, gipsy. T Tan, ten, tin, tome, tun. H Hat, hen, hit, hot, hut. V Vast, vest, vista, volume, vulgar. J Jam, join, jet, jig, jog, jug. x=/« Tax (tacks), box (bocks). K Khan, ken, kill, koran. X~* Xanthus, Xenophon, xebec. L Land, lend, lint, long, lung. z Zany, zenith, zinc, zone, zumia. 39. B has one unvaried sound, such as it has in other languages. It is allied to p in sound, and is, in fact, the fiat or soft articulation of it. Compare their sounds as given in the preceding Table. B is mute when followed by t in the same syllable, as in debt, debtor { or, when it ia preceded by an m, as in lamb and dumb, except in rhomb and succumb. 40. C is a redundant letter, having in every case the sound of either k or s. The former is called its hard, and the latter its soft sound. Before the vowels a, o, or u, c has the sound of k, as in cat, cut, cut; and before e, t, or y, it has the sound of s, as in cell, cit, cypress. Xll PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION. In sceptic and its compounds, c, though before e, has the sound of k ; and in the words indict, victuals, and their compounds, it is silent. When c following an accent, combines with ea, ia, to, eous, or ious, it has the sound of sh ; as in o'cean, so'cial, ceta'ceous, gra'cious. See No. 75. CH. 41. This combination has the sound of tsh rapidly pronounced ; as in chance, chat, chin. In some French words, not completely naturalized, ch sounds like sh ; as in champaign, chaise, machine. It has also the sound of sh in English words ending in Ich or nch ; as in bilch, bench, &c. In words derived from the learned languages, ch has usually the sound of k, as in chaos, conch, school, stomach. In Scripture names it is also pronounced like k, as in Enoch. The Greek prefix, arch, is pronounced artch before a consonant, as in arch- bishop ; but before a vowel it is pronounced hard (ark), as in archangel. In words of our own composition, it is sometimes pronounced artch before a vowel, as in arch-enemy. It is mute in the words, drachm, schedule, schism, yacht. D. 42. D has one uniform sound, as in the examples given in the preceding table. It is allied to t in sound, and has been often substituted for it, as in most of the irregular verbs, and other contracted words. X), like its cognate letter t, is often mispronounced by the uneducated Irish. Thus, though they sound the d correctly in the positive degree of such words as proud, loud, broad, yet in the comparative, they thicken it by an aspiration, and pronounce it as if writ- ten dh (proudher, loudher, broadher.) The same observation applies to t in such cases, as in Jitter [fitther), hotter {hotther), and all words similarly formed, as water, butter, &c. This is a very vulgar pronunciation, and should be avoided. And it is easy to do so ; for as they pronounce the d or t properly in loud, broad, Jit, and hot, they have only to pro- nounce the first syllable distinctly, and then add without an aspiration the termination er. The affected pronunciation of these letters, d and t, in such words as education and actual, Bhould bo equally avoided. — See page xvii. F. 43. -Fhas one uniform sound, as in the examples in the preceding table. It is allied to v in sound, and in the preposition of, it is pronounced exactly like v (ov). But in com- position, as in whereof, the f has its own sound. G. 44. G has two sounds, the one hard, as in gad, got, gun ; and the other soft, as in gem, gin, gipsy. Like c it is hard before a, o, or u, and soft before e, i, or y, except in a few words of Saxon origin, in which it has its hard sound, though before e or i, as : Anger. Geek. Gig. Girdle. Meager. Conger. Geese. Giggle. Girl. Monger. Eager. Get. Gild. Girth. Stronger. Finger. Gibber. Gill (of a fish). Gizzard. Strongest. Forget. Gibberish. Gimlet. Give. Target. Forgot. Gibcat. Gimp. Linger. Together. Forgive. Giddy. ■ Gingham. Longer. Younger. Gear. Gift. Gird. Longest. Youngest. a. G is mute before n in the same syllable, as in gnaw, gnat, sign, impugn, which are pronounced, naw, nat, sine, impune. But though g is silent, it gives the preceding vowel its long sound, as in the examples just given. — See No. 33. c. G is also mute before m in the same syllable, as in phlegm, diaphragm, paradigm. But if the n or m after g is carried to the next syllable, the g is pronounced, as as-sig-na-tion, phleg-?naf-ic. b. Gh, in tho beginning of a word, has the sound of hard g, as in ghost, gherkin; but at the end of a word it is usually silent, as in high, though, bought. In some words it has the sound of/, as in laugh, tough, draught, &c. In shough, hough, and lough, it has the sound of k, and in burgh, burgher, and burghership, the g oDly is heard. H. 45. This letter does not represent an articulate sound, but is merely a mark or sign of aspiration, denoting that the vowel following it should be pronounced with a strong emis- sion of breath, as in hand, horse, hat. At the beginning of a word it should always be sounded, except in the following : Heir, Heiress. Honesty. Honorary. Hour. Humour Herb. Honor. Hospital. Humble. Humorous. Honest. Honorable. Hostler. Humbleness. Humorsome. H is always silent after r, as in rhapsody, rhetoric, rheumatism, rhubarb, rhyme. By the English, particularly by the natives of London, h after w is usually sunk in the pronunciation, as in the words when, what, whig, while, whim, &o. This is an affected pronunciation, and should be avoided. Alms. Calve. Auln. Chaldron. Balk. Chalk. Balm. Could. Calf. Falcon. Palm. Should. Psalm. Stalk. Qualm. Talk. Salmon. Walk. Salve. Would. Shalm. Yolk. SOUNDS OB POWERS OF THE CONSONANTS. Xlll J. 46. J is always pronounced like soft g, except in the word hallelujah, in which it has the sound of initial y.* K. 47. K has the hard sound of c, and is used before e and i, where, according to English analogy, c would be soft, as in kept, king, skirt. Before n in the same syllable, k is always silent, as in knee, know. L. 48. L has the same liquid sound as in other languages. It is silent in the following words : Almond. Calm. Folk. Fusil. Half. Halser. Halve. Malmsey. But though I is mute in psalm and alms, it should be pronounced in psalmist, psalmody, and almoner, because the m is detached from it, and in a different syllable. Le at the end of words, is pronounced as originally written, el. See note |], page iii. M. 49. M has one uniform sound, as in the examples given in the preceding Table. It is never silent, except in accomptant and comptroller, which are now written accountant and controller. N. 50. .IVhas one uniform sound, as in the examples given in the preceding Table. It is mute after m in the same syllable, as column, condemn, hymn, limn. If the n, however, is detached from the m, and carried to the next syllable, it is pronounced, as in condem 'nation, solem'nize. But as participles should have the same sound as their verbs, with the addition of the termination ing or ed, it is contrary to analogy to say hym-ning, hym-ned, condem-ning, condem-ned, &c. P. 51. P has one uniform sound, as in the examples in the preceding Table. Compare the sound of b, with which it is closely allied. P is mute before s or t in the beginning of words, as in psalm, pseudo, ptisan, Ptolemy. It is also mute between m and t in the middle or end of words, as in empty, \ sumptuous, tempt, exempt. It is also silent in receipt and corps (core.) PH. 52. Ph has the sound of f, and is found only in words derived from the Greek, as in Philip, philosopher, and phantom. In nephew and Stephen, it has the sound of v ; in diphthong, triphthong, and naphtha, the p only is heard; while in apophthegm, phthisis, and phthisical, both letters are silent, (pronounced ap'-o-them, ti'-cis, tiz'-zi-cal.) In sap- phire, the first p is dropped in the pronunciation. Q. 53. Q has the power of k, and is always, as in other languages, followed by u. pronounced like w, as in quake, quest, quill, quote, (pronounced kwake, kwest, &c.) But in a few words derived from the French, the u after q is silent, as in coquet, etiquette, harlequin, masquerade, quadrille, and quatercousin. Also, in liquor, and in conquer and its com- pounds, qu has the sound of k. B,. 54. " R (says Dr. Johnson) has the same rough, snarling sound, as in other tongues." Hence it has been called the canine, or " dogs' letter." Its sound is exemplified in the preceding Table. Re in a final unaccented syllable, is pronounced like weak or unaccented er,% as in the following words. Massacre. Nitre. Sepulchre. Metre. Ochre. Spectre. Mitre. Sabre. Theatre. * In this word } Is really y, for it represents i, as in Troja for Troia. Com pare jot and iota. j Empty. This is rather a colloquial pronunciation of these words : on all grave or solemn occasions It would he better to give the p its full sound. i In all languages the letter r is subject to metathesis, or transposition ; and hence, In the unaccented termination re, it has changed places with e. It is, however, still pronounced as if it were after the e. See note U. page iii. Accoutre. Fibre. Acre. Lucre. Centre. Lustre. PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION. 55. S has a hissing sound, as in the examples given in the preceding Table. Hence it has been called " the hissing letter." S single at the end of a word, has a grosser sound like that of z, as in has and was, ex- cept in gas, this, thus, us, and the termination ous, as in pious. And in all words ending in sion, preceded by a vowel, as in occasion, cohesion, incision, explosion, and confusion, s has the sound of z ; but if a consonant precede sion, s is pronounced like sh, as in expan- sion, extension, &c. It has also the sound of z in all words ending in ier, as crosier and hosier ; also in the words measure, pleasure, and treasure. It is mute in aisle, isle, island, demesne, puisne, and viscount. In sure and sugar it has the sound of sh. T. 56. T.is allied to d in sound, and has in several words been substituted for it.* Com- pare their sounds in the examples given in the preceding Table. T has the sound of sh in all terminations in Hon, as in nation and notion, except when t or x precedes, as in bastion, question, mixtion, &e. The same rule applies to termina- tions in tied, as martial and nuptial, except when s precedes, as in bestial and celestial. TH. 57. The combination th has two sounds, the one soft or flat, as in thus ; and the othei hard or sharp, as in think. In some words, as in Thomas, thyme, and asthma, it is pro- nounced like simple t. V. 58. V is allied to/in sound. Compare their sounds as given in the examples in the pre- ceding Table. V is never silent, except in the colloquial pronunciation of twelvemonth. W. 59. See this letter under the vowels, page v. In some words w is silent, as in answer. It is always silent before r, as in wrong, wrap, wrist, &c. X. 60. X begins no English word. It is compounded of ks, and has the same sound, as in tax, fox, sex, (which are pronounced as if written taks, foks, seks.) At the beginning of a word it has the sound of z, as in Xenophon. Y. 61 . See this letter under the vowels, page vi. 62. This letter begins no word originally English. Dr. Johnson says that it has the sound, as its name izzard or 5 hard expresses, of an s uttered with closer compression of the palate by the tongue, as freeze, puze ; but Walker affirms, that if this bo the meaning of izzard, it is a great misnomer, for the z is not the hard but the soft *. It is the flat s, and bears the same relation to it as b docs to p, d to t, hard g toj, and v to/. It is now called by it3 French name zed. Z, like s, goes into an aspiration (zh) before a diphthong or diphthongal vowel after the accent, as in glazier, azure, &c. * As in many of the irregular verbs, and other contracted words. PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION. ST ORTHOEPY, CORRECT PRONUNCIATION OF WORDS. 63. The difficulties of pronunciation arise from the nature of lan- guage; the imperfections of alphabets;* and the ignorance, carelessness, or affectation of the generality of speakers. These difficulties are so numerous, that it would be impossible to notice them all, even in the most cursory manner, in the space which we have prescribed to ourselves. We shall, however, give a few general principles which will be found to embrace almost all that is useful in practice. 64. The analogies of the language, the authority of lexicograph- ers, and above all, the custom of the most correct and elegant speakers, are the guides to which we must refer in all cases of difficulty. Nor can these difficulties, in every case, be resolved by such references ; for we shall often find analogy opposed to analogy, authority to authority, and custom divided, even among the most elegant speakers. The following oassage from " Boswell's Life of Johnson" will serve as an illustration : "BoswEi.t,. — 'It may be of use. Sir, to have a dictionary to ascertain the pronunciation.' "Johnson. — 'Why, Sir, my dictionary shows you the accents of words, if you can but remember them.' " Bosavell. — 'But, Sir, we want marks to ascertain the pronunciation of the vowels, Sheridan, I believe, has finished such a work.' "Johnson. — 'Why, Sir, consider how much easier it is to learn a language by the ear, than by any marks. Sheridan's dictionary may do very well ; but you cannot always carry it about with you : and when you want the word, you have not the dictionary. It is like a man who has a sword that will not draw. It is an admirable sword to be sure : but while your enemy is cutting your throat, you are unable to use it. Besides, Sir, what entitles Sheridan to fix the pronunciation of English ? 1 He has, in the first place, the disadvantage of being an Irishman ; and if he says he will fix it after the example of the best company, why, they differ among themselves. I remember an instance : when I published the plan * A perfect alphabet would imply that the different sounds of the human voice had been carefully analyzed, and accurately ascertained; and that to each of these sounds, so ascer- tained, a sign or character was attached which should represent that sound and no other. But this is not the case in our, nor indeed in any alphabet. In some cases, we have dis- tinct sounds without proper or peculiar signs to represent them, and in others, we have two or more different signs or characters for the same sound. Our alphabet is, therefore, both defective and redundant. The very first letter of the alphabet, for instance, repre- sents, without alteration or external change, four different and distinct sounds ; and with regard to all the other vowels, and several of the consonants, similar observations might be made. Hence the difficulties and inconsistencies in pronunciation and spelling. t Sheridan's Dictionary was acknowledged, however, even by Walker, " to be generally .superior to every thing that preceded it, and his method of conveying the sound of words by spelling them as they are pronounced, highly rational and useful." And Webster, the American lexicographer, thus speaks of his work : " His analysis of the English vowels is very critical, and in this respect, there has been little improvement by later writers, though I think none of them are perfectly correct. But in the application of his principles, he failed of his object. In general, however, it may be asserted that his notation does'not •warrant a tenth part as many deviations from the present respectable usage in England as Walker's/' XVi PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION. for my dictionary, Lord Chesterfield told me the word great should he pronounced so as to rhyme to state ; and Sir William Yonge sent me word that it should be pronounced so as to rhyme to seat, and that none but an Irishman would pronounce it grait. Now, here were two men of the highest rank, the one the best speaker in the House of Lords, and the other the best speaker in the House of Commons, differing entirely.' "* In this case, the pronunciation of Lord Chesterfield prevailed, f though opposed to analogy, because he was considered the most polite speaker of his day ; and in all similar cases, the analogies of the language, and the opinions of lexicographers must give way to what is considered the usage of the best and most polite speakers. 65. In cases in which custom or authority is divided, we should give the preference to the pronunciation which is most in accordance with analogy. The word Borne for instance, should be pronounced Rome rather than Room; and this is beginning to be the case, though the latter pronunciation was once thought " irrevocably fixed in the language. "J 66. The three great and prevailing errors in pronunciation are, vulgarity, pedantby, and affectation. Against each of these faults we should be constantly on our guard ; but most of all against affectation ; for it is by far the most odious. 67. The following excellent observations from Dr. Johnson deserve particular attention. " For pronunciation, the best general rule is to consider those of the most elegant speakers who deviate least from the written words. Of English, as of all living tongues, there is a double pronunciation, one cursory and colloquial, the other regular and solemn. The cursory pronunciation is always vague and uncertain, being made different in different mouths by negligence, unskilfulness, and affectation. The solemn pronunciation, though by no means immutable and permanent, is always less remote from the orthography, and less liable to capricious innovation. They [lexicographers] have, however, generally formed their tables according to the cursory speech of those with whom they happen to converse ; and, concluding that the whole nation combines to vitiate language in one man- ner, have often established the jargon of the lower people as the model of speech." Walker, though he had this caution before his eyes, has not always profited by it; for, in numerous instances, he has given the colloquial, and even vulgar pronunciation as " the model of speech." For in- stance, he gives avrun as the pronunciation of Apron ; turn of Iron, and a-pos-sl of Apostle'. He also, in large classes of words, favors affected pronunciation; as in the word ed-ju-ca~shun, which he calls "an elegant * And on the same subject, the great Doctor observes of himself—" Sir, when people watch me narrowly, and I do not watch myself, they will find me out to be of a particular county. In the same manner. Dunning may be found out to be a Dovonshire man. So most Scotchmen may be found out." t Through the same influence the i in the word oblige lost its foreign or French sound. For till the publication of his "Letters," in which tins pronunciation is proscribed, oblige was usually pronounced obleege ; as by Pope in the following well-known lines : •* Dreadin? ev'n fools, by flatterers besieged, And so obliging that he ne'er obliged" {obleeged.) $ See Walker on this word. The pun which he quotes from Shakspeare, as a proof of the pronunciation of the word Rome in his time — " Now it i3 Rome indeed, and room enough, Since its wide walls encompass but one man"— may bo answered by another from the same author in favor of the other pronunciation. In the first part of Henry VI. A. 3, S. 1, the Bishop of Winchester exclaims, "Rome shall remedy this;" to which Warwick retorts " Roam thither then." In Pope, too, au- thority for both pronunciations may be found, as in the following couplets : " From the same foes at last both felt their doom; And the same age saw learning fail and Rome." "Thus when we view some well-proportioned dome, The world's just wonder, and even thine O Rome." If a rule such as 13 suggested above were followed, these, and all similar anomalies, would soon disappear. PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION. pronunciation of Education."* The following are a few of the numerous examples that occur in his Dictionary. (His pronunciation is given after each word.) Actual, actshual. Actuate, actshuate. Advonture, adventshure. Agriculture, agriculshure. Aperture, apertshure. Architecture, architectshure. Cincture, cinctsbure. Congratulate, cougratshulate. Constituent, constitshuent. Conventual, conventshual. Courteous, courtsheus. Creature, creatshure. Culture, cultshure. Debenture, debentshure. Departure, departshure. Effectual, effectshual. Estuary, estshuary. Eventual, eventsliual. Expostulate, expostshulate. Feature, featshure. Fistula, fistshula. Flatulence, fiatshulence. Fluctuate, fluctshuate. Fortune, fortshune. Fracture, fraetshure. Furniture, fumitshure. Future, futshure. Garniture, garnitshure. Gesture, gestshure. Guttural, guttsliural. Habitual, habitshual. Horticulture, hortieultshure. Illnature, illnatshure. Impetuous, impetshuus. Importunate, importshunate. Importune, importshune. Imposture, impostshure. Indenture, indentshure. Infatuate, infatshuate. Intellectual, intellectsliual. Jointure, jointsburo. Juncture, juuetshure. Lecture, lectsbure. Legislature, logislatsbure. Mantua, uutntshua. Manufacture, manufactshure. Misfortune, misfortshune. Mixture, mixtshure. Moisture, moistshure. Mutual, inutskual. Nature, natshure. Natural, natshural. Nurture, nurtsbure. Overture, overtshure. Pasture, pastshure. Perpetual, perpetshual. Picture, pictshure. Piteous, pitcheus. Plenteous, plentshus. Posture, postshure. Postulate, postshulate. Presumptuous, presumptshuus. Punctual, punctshual. Puncture, puuetshure. Pustule, pustshule. Rapture, raptshure. Ritual, ritsh.ual. Rupture, ruptshure. Sanctuary, sanctshuary. Saturate, satsh urate. Scripture, scriptshure. Sculpture, sculptshure. Sep tu agin t, septsbuagint. Situate, sitsbuate. Spiritual, spiritshual. Statuary, statsbuary. Statue, statshue. Stricture, strictshure. Structure, structsbure. Sumptuous, sumptshuua. Suture, sutshure. Tempestuous, tempestshuus. Texture, textshure. Tincture, tinctshure. Titular, titshular. Torture, tortshure. Tumultuous, tumultsbuus. Unctuous, uugktshuus. Vesture, vestsbure. Venture, ventsbure. Virtue, virtshue. Voluptuous, voluptshuus. Vulture, vultshure. Wafture, waftshure. Nor is Walker consistent in his pronunciation of such words, In the following words, for example, the tu is assigned its plain or unaf- fected sound, and not tshu, as in others. Investiture. Judicature. Ligature. Literature. Miniature. Quadrature. Signature. Temperature. And in the following words, the learner is left to take his choice be- tween what we think should be called the affected and unaffected pro- nunciations : Commodious. Dividual. Duteous. Fastidious. Frontier. Gradient. Gradual. Guardian. Hideous. Immediacy. Incendiary. Incredulous. • He also calls ke-ard, he-art, ghe-ard, and re-ghe-ard, polite pronunciations of tbe words card, cart, guard, and regard. PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION. Individual. Meteor. Obdurate. Radient. Insidious. Melodious. Odium. Radius. Intermedial. Meridian. Odious. Sardius. Invidious. Modulate. Ordeal. Sedulous- Mediocrity. Noctidial. Predial. Studious. Medium. Obduracy. Radiate. Tedious. Again, in Obedience and Obedient, be changes the d into j, while in Disobedience and Disobedient the sound of d is retained. Compare also his pronunciation of Medium and Mediate, Radiate and Irradiate, In- sidious and Assiduous.* It should be observed, however, that Sheridan was the first to intro- duce this affected mode of pronunciation by the change of tu into chu or tshu; as in Tune, which he pronounces tshoon; Tutor, tshooter; Tu- mult, tshoomult ; Nature, natshur ; Virtue, virtshu, &c. His change, too, of s into sh, as in siiooperb (Superb), shooperfluity (Superfluity), shoodorific, (Sudorific), &c, is, and always was, a vulgar pronunciation. 68. Every word of twof or more syllables has in pronunciation a cer- tain accent, that is, a peculiar stress or force laid upon a particular syllable. If the accent in any word is misplaced, the pronunciation is injured or destroyed. Compare, for instance, the different pronunciations of Refuse, Desert, and Minute, according as the accent is placed on the first or second syllable. a. Some words, in addition to the principal, have a secondary, J or weaker accent ; as in, Ad'verti"se. Ab'sente"e. Ac'eiden"tal. Com'plaisan"t. Ar"tisau'. Ben"efac'tor. Ag"ricul'ture. Con'versa"tion. 69. The general tendency of our language is to accent the root, and not the termination of a word. Hence the natural position of the accent in English words is in the first syllable. As a general rule, therefore, English or "Saxon words should have the accent on the first syllable. This general rule is exemplified not only by the usual position of the accent in English or Saxon words, particularly in dissyllables and trisyllables, but also by the tendency which we observe in our lan- guage to bring words of foreign origin under the English or radical accent. The words Mem'oir, Bou'quet, and Res'ervoir, for instance, have been brought under the English accent ; and Complaisant, Balcony, Revenue, Cravat, Saline, Glacis, and many others, are on the way. Ifence, also, the popular pronunciation of the word Police (namely po'-lis) ; and the colloquial, but now recognised pronunciation of Boat- swain, {bo'sn), Cockswain (cock'sn) Cupboard (cub'burd), &c. Many foreign words, however, particularly French, have struggled successfully against the English tendency, as : Antique. Critique. Palanquin. Ravine. Brazil. Fascine. Profile. Recitative. Borubasin. Fatigue. Quarantine. Repartee. Caprice. Grimace. Machine. Routine. Capuchin.. Invalid. Marine. Tambourine. Chagrin. Pelisse. Magazine. Tontine. Chemise. Police. Mandarin. Unique. * In cne of the words a choice is left; in the other, not. These observations are not made in depreciation of the great merits of Walker's Dictionary, but merely to put tha learner on his guard. t Monosyllables may have emphasis, but, as they consist of but one syllable, they can- not have accent. ± In the case of a polysyllabic word, a secondaiij accent is often necessary for its full enunciation ; and when it occurs in words of three syllables, it seems generally to be the result of a struggle for ascendancy between the foreign and English tendency- PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION. xix 10. With regard to words of Greek or Latin origin, it may be laid down as a general rule, that when they are adopted whole or without change, the accent or quantity of the original word is usually preserved, as in Anath'gma. Dilem'ma. Diplo'ma. Hori'zon. Aphe'lion. Aou'men. Bitu'men. Deco'rum. Specta'tor. Media'tor. In many such words, however, the English tendency has prevailed, as in Pleth'Ora. Aud'Itor. Min'Ister. O/fitor. Sen'atoi. 71. This tendency is, however, counteracted to a certain extent by another natural tendency in the language. In words used as verbs, the tendency of the accent is to the termination, and not to the root.* Hence, in verbs of two syllables, the accent is generally on the last, and in verbs of three syllables, on the last, or last but one. Hence the un- settled position of the accent in such words as Com'pensate or compen'sate. Con'fiscate or confis'cate. Con'template or contem'plate. Dem'onstrate or denion'strate. En'ervate or cner'vate. Ex'tirpate or extir'pate. Some authorities following the general tendency, place the accent on the first syllable, as com'pensate ; while others hold that, as verbs, it is better to accent the second, as compen'sate. 72. The radical accent is also counteracted by the tendency in com- pound or derivative words to follow the accent of their primaries, as in Admi'rer from admi're. Assail'able from assail'. Commen'cement from commen'ce. Abet'tor „ abet'. Poli'teness „ poli'te. Commit'tal „ commit'. Profess'or „ profess'. Begin'ning „ begin'. Coquet'ry „ coquet'te. a. In many cases, however, the radical or general tendency of the accent has prevailed ; as in Ad'mlrable from admi're. Advertisement from adverti'se. Com'parable „ compa're. Chas'tlsement „ chasti'se. Lam'entable „ lament'. Dis'putant „ dispute. b. In several words the contest is, as yet, undecided ; as in Ac'cgptable or acceptable. Dis'p Citable or disputable. Com'mfindable orcomniend'able. Con'fessor or confess'or. 73. The tendency in compound or derivative words to preserve the ac- cent of their primaries, is crossed by another natural tendency, namely, the disposition in compound or derivative words to shorten the long sounds or syllables of their primaries ; as in the following words : Depravity from deprave. Granary from gram. Gosling from goose. Severity „ severe. Desperate „ despaer. Throttle „ throat. Divinity „ divine. Maintenance ,, maintain. Pronunciation „ pronownce. Cons6latory ,, console. Shepherd „ sheepherd. Southerly (u) „ south. 74. Accent, from its very nature, must affect not only the syllable under it, but also the syllable next it ; for in proportion as the one is dwelt upon, the other is passed quickly over. This is exemplified by the usual pronunciation of the unaccented syllable in the following words : Cab'bage. Pal'ace. Cli'mate. Cap'tain. Sur'fgit. Fa'vOur. Cour'age. Sol'ace. Pri'mate. Moun'tain. For'feit. Fa'mftus. Vil'lage. Fur'nace. Pri'vate. Cur'tain. For'eign. Pi'ous. In the preceding words the unaccented syllable is pronounced quickly and indistinctly ; and in the case of a diphthong, one of the vowels is omitted altogether in the pronunciation. Compare, for example, the * See the class of words, page xxii / XX PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION. different sounds of the termination age in the words cab'bage and enga'ge, pres'age and presage. Compare, also, the different pronunciations of the accented and unaccented syllables in the following words : Contain' (a). Cap'tain (*).. Alia/ (a). Kal'ly (i). Deceit' (ee). Sur'fert (i). Retain' (a), Foun'tam (i). Ally' (*). Sal'ly (i). Conceit' (ee). For'tWt (z)'. Remain' (a). Villain ($). Survey' (a). Sur'vey (i). Perceive' (ee). For'ei'gn (t,. 75. Hence it is that such combinations as ea, ia, ie, eo, to, eous, ieus, following an accented syllable, are, in pronunciation, usually drawn mto one sound or syllable, though composed of more than one rowel, as in O'cean (o'shun). Con'science (con'shense). Pen'sion (pen'shun). Gor'geous (gor'jus). V&t'tial (par'skal) .* Surgeon (sur'jun). Men'tion (men' shun). Gra'cious (gra'shus). a. And when c, s, or t precedes any of these combinations, it has, by the quickness of the enunciation, and the consequent blending of its sound with the vowel, the force of sh, as in the examples just given. b. Hence the inutility (and worse than inutility, for it often leads to errors in pronunciation) of noting the sounds of vowels or syllables not under the accent, as has been done by Sheridan, Walker, and others. f The following judicious observations on the subject are from Webster : " In this particular [the notation of unaccented syllables], there is error and discrepancy in the schemes of the orthoepists, which shows the utter impossibility of carrying them into effect. The final y unaccented, Walker makes to be long ; while Sheridan, Jones, and Perry, make it equivalent to short i, or at least, give it a short sound, according to universal practice. Walker pronounces the last vowel in natural and national as a short; Sheridan, a3 e short ; and Jones, as u short. In the adjective, deliberate, Walker and Jones give a in the last syllable its proper long sound ; and Sheridan, the sound of e short, deliberet. Dignitary is pronounced by Sheridan dignitery, and Walker and Jones give to a its short sound, as in at. The terminating syllable ness is pronounced by Walker and Jones nes, and by Sheridan nis, as blessednes, blessednis . The same difference exists in (heir notation of less, as blameles, blamelis. These differences, and many others, run through their works, and appear in a large portion of all the words in the language. Now it is probable that all these gentlemen pronounced their words alike, or go nearly alike, that no difference would be noticed by a by-stander. The mischief of these notations is, that attempts are made to express minute distinctions or shades of sounds, so to speak, which cannot be represented to the eye by characters. A great part of the notations must, neces- sarily, be inaccurate, and for this reason, the notation of the vowel3 in unaccented syllables should not be attempted. From a careful attention to this subject, I am persuaded that all such notations are useless, and many of them mischievous, as they lead to a wrong pro- nunciation. In no case can the true pronunciation of words in a language be accurately and completely expressed on paper ; it can only be taught by the ear and by practice. No attempt has ever been made to mark the pronunciation of all the vowels, in any other language ; and in our language it is worse than useless. " In truth, as Dr. Ash remarks in the dissertation prefixed to his dictionary, the sounds of the five vowels, in unaccented, short, and insignificant syllables, are nearly coincident ; and it must be a nice ear that can distinguish the difference of sound in the concluding syl- lable of altar, alter, manor, murmur, satyr. It is for this reason that the notation of such vowels at all savors of hypercritical fastidiousness, and by aiming at too much nicety and exactness, tends only to generate doubts, and multiply differences of opinion. If the accent is laid on the proper syllable, and the vowel of that syllable correctly pronounced, the true pronunciation of the word will follow of course ; at least the pronunciation is more likely to be right than wrong, and no mistake will occur, which shall be an objeet of notice. " Nor can I approve the practice of writing all words in different characters, to express * Though in -primitive words containing such combinations this rule generally holds, yet it is usually departed from in the derivatives. Thus Partial and Christian are pronounced a3 dissyllables, while their derivatives Partiality and Christianity are pronounced in five syllables, though only two are added. f If Walker's notation of the unaccented vowels were attended to in practice, thousands of words would bo pronounced as the following. Abileetee (ability), rapideetee (rapidity), arteecle (article), deerect (direct), deegest (digest), deebate (debate), beegin (begin), ree- move (remove). Over the unaccented i or e in these, and in all similar words, he has placed the figure 1 above e, which indicates the sound of ee or of e in the word me. PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION. XXI their .pronunciation, as if their proper letters were so many hieroglyphics, requiring expla.- »iaticm. A great part of Fnglish words have an orthography sufficiently regular, and so well adapted to express the true pronunciation, that a few general rules only are wanted aa a guide to the learner." 76. The seat of the accent will generally serve as a guide in the pro- nunciation of final syllables in ice, ile, ine, ise, and ite. When the and when unaccented it is usually short ; as in i is accented, it is long, the following words : Advice. Notice. Revile. Servile. Premise. Prorn'Ise. Suffice. Office. Combine. Doct'rlne. Requite. Res'pite. Av'arlce. Adaman'tlne. Eg'lantlne. Jac'oblne. Pal'atlne. Hyp'ocrlf.e. Ben'eflce. Al'lcallne. Feminine. Jes'samlne. Ap'poslte. Indefinite. Cow'ardlce. A'quillne. Gen'ulne. Lib'ertlne. Composite. InHnlte. Ju'venlle. Clandes'tlne. Her'olne. Mas'cullne. Definite. Op'poslte. Mercantile. Cor'alllne. Hy'allne. Medicine. Ex'quislte. Per'quislte. Pu'erlle. Discipline. Ima"glne. Nec'tarlne. Fa'vorlte. Req'uislte. 77. In such terminations the i is sometimes long, though not under the accent,* as in the folio wing words : Cock'atrlce. As'inlne. Sac'riflce. Brig'antlne. Cham'omllo. Cal'amlne. Reo'oncile. Col'umbmo. In'fantlle. Crys'talllne. Gel'atlne. PorCupIne. U'terlne. Car'mellte. Incar'nadlne. Sac'charlne. Ac'onite. Ex'pedlte. Leg'atlne. Sat'urnlne. Anc'horlte. Er'emlte. Le'onme. Ser'pentine. Ap'petlte. Par'aslte. Mus'cadlne. Tur'pentlne. Bedlamite. Sat'eillte. It should be observed, however, that in each of the preceding words, the i is evidently under a secondary accent, and therefore inclined to be long See No. 68, a. 78. As we have already observed, a proper accentuation of words is essential to their just pronunciation ; and a proper accentuation can only be acquired by attending to the most correct speakers, and by con- sulting the most approved dictionaries ; for words are under so many influences with regard to their accentuation, that it is scarcely possible to lay down a rule on the subject to which numerous exceptions may not be found. The following rules, however, (in addition to the Gener al Principles which we have already explained,) will be found useful to the learner. 79. Words ending in cial, sial, tial, cian, tian, cient, dent, ceoas, cious, iious, sion, Hon, date, have the accent on the preceding syllable, as — Provincial. Physf'cian. Pa'tient. Confu'sion. Controversial Chris'tian. Gra'cious. Muta'tion. Substantial. A'noient. Senten'tious. Ingra'tiate. 80. Words ending in ety, ity, or teal, have also the accent on the pre- ceding syllable, as — Propri'ety. Insensibility. Astronom'ical. Emphat'ical. Sati'ety. Spontaneity. Categorical. Polemical. a. When the termination ical is abbreviated into ic, the accent of the original word remains, as — Astronomic. Emphatic. Harmonic. Polemic. Angelic. Fanatic. Mechanic. Specific 81. In English, as has been observed, the favorite accent in polysyl- lables is on the antepenult, or last syllable but two ; but in many cases the accent has been transferred to that position from the radical part ui the word, for the greater harmony and ease of pronunciation, as in — An'gel, Angel'ical. Rhet'oric, Rhetorical. Sa'tire, Satirical. Harmony, Harmo'nious. Sa'tan, Satanlcal. Vic'tory, Victo'rious. * That is, the principal accent. under No. 68, a. b2 xxii PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION. 82. In uniting simple words into a compound, there is a tendency to simplify the compound as much as possible, by throwing the accent on that syllable in which the simple words unite. Hence, words with the following terminations have the accent on the antepenult, or last syl- lable but two : •cracy, as democ'racy. -ferous, as somniferous. -fluent, as circum'fluent. -fluous, as super'fluous. -gamy, as polyg'amy. •gonal, as diag'onal. •graphy, as geog'raphy. -logy, as philol'ogy. -loquy, as ventril'oquy. -machy, as logom'achy. -maihy, as polym'athy. -meter, as barom'eter. -nomy, as econ'omy. -parous, as ovip'arous. -pathy, as antip'athy. -phony, as eu'phony. -scopt/, as aeros'copy. -strophe, as catas'trophe. -tomy, as anat'omy. -vomous, as igniv'omous. -vorous, as omniv'orous. 83. The terminations cial, sial, and tial, are pronounced like shul, as in commercial, controversial, and martial — See No. 75. 84. The terminations ceous, clous, and tious, are pronounced like shus, as in farinaceous, c&nacious, and contentious — No. 75. 85. The terminations geous and gious are pronounced like jus, as in courageous and religious — No. 75. 86. The terminations sion and tion are pronounced like shun, as in mission and invention; but the termination sion, preceded by a vowel, is pronounced like zhun, as in explosion and confusion See No. 55. 87. The following words are differently accented, according as they are used as nouns or verbs. Nouns. Ab'-sent, a. Ab'-stract, Ac'-cent, Af-fix, At'-tri-bute, Aug'-ment, Cem'-ent, Col'-lect, Com'-pound, Con'-cert, Con'-cord, Con'-duct, Con '-fine, Con'-flict, Con'-serve, Con'-sort, Con'-test, Con'-tract, Con'-trast, Oon'-verse, Con'-vert, Con'-vict, Con'-voy, Coun'-ter-raand, Des'-cant, Di'-gest, Dis'-count, Es'-cort, Es'-say, Ex'-ile, Ex'-port, Verbs. Ab-sent'. Ab-stract'. Ac-cent'. Af-fix'. At-trib'ute. Aug-ment'. Cem-ent'. Col-lect'. Com-pound'. Con-cert'. Con-cord'. Con-duct'. Con-fi'ne. Con-flict'. Con-serve'. Con-sort'. Con-test'. Con-tract'. Con-trast'. Con-ver'se. Con-vert'. Con-vict'. Con-voy / . Coun-ter-niand', Des-eant'. Di-gest'. Dis-counf. Es-cort'. Es-say'. 'Ex-He. Ex-port'. Nouns. Ex'-tract, Fer'-ment, Fre'-quent, a. Im'-port, In'-cense, In'-crease, ln'-iav, In'-su'lt, In'-ter-change, In'-ter-dict, In'-timate, Mis-con '-duct, O'-ver-charge, O'ver-throw, Per'-mit, Pre'-fix, Prel'-ude, Pres'-age, Pres'-ent, Prod'-uce, Proj'-ect, Prot'-est, Reb'-el, Rec'-ord, Ref-use, Rep'-ri-mand, Sub'-ject, Sur'-vey, Tor'-ment, Trans'-fer, Trans'-port, This change of accent in the same word is produced, observes, by an instinctive effort in the language to Verbs. Ex-tract'. Fer-ment'. Fre-quent'. Im-port'. In-cen'se. In-cre'ase. In-lay'. I n -suit'. In-ter-cha'^ge. In-tcr-dict'. In'-timate.* Mis-con-duct'. O-ver-char'ge. O-ver-thro'-w. Per-mit'. Pre-fix'. Pre-lu'de. Pre-sa'ge. Pre-sent'. Pro-du'ce. Pro-ject'. Pro-test'. Re-bel'. Re-cord'. Re-fu'se. Re-pri-mand'. Sub-ject'. Sur-vey'. Tor-ment'. Trans-fer'. Trans-port'. as Walker well compensate, in * Intimate. — Though this word, both verb ana noun, is accented on the first syllable, yet, when used as a verb, the last syllable is longer dwelt upon. Compare the pronun- ciations of moderate, verb and noun ; also of separate, verb and adjective. PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION. some degree, for the want of different terminations for these different parts of speech. 88. The following words exemplify the same tendency, but in a dif- ferent manner:* Nouns. Verbs. Nouns. Verbs. Abuse, abuce, Abuse, abuze. Mouse, mouce, Mouse, mouze. Close, a. cloce, Close, cloze. Use, uce, Use, uze. Diffuse, a. diffuce, Diffuse, diffuze. Grease, greace, Grease, greaze Excuse, excuce, Excuse, excuze. House, houce, House, houze. Grass, Graze. Brass, Braze. Glass, Glaze. Price, Prize, t Advice, Advise. Practice, Practise. Device, Devise. Prophecy, Prophesy. Behoof, Behoove. Bath, Bathe. Proof, Prove. Breath, Breathe. Reproof, Reprove. Cloth, Clothe. Belief, Believe. Loath, Loathe. Grief, Grieve. Mouth, Mouthe. Thief, Thieve. Sheath, Sheathe. Life, Live. Smooth,:}: Smoothe. Wife, Wive. Wreath, Wreathe. 89. Of foreign words admitted into our language, particularly French, there is usually a threefold pronunciation, namely, the original or for- eign, the English, and a pronunciation, which is neither English nor foreign, hut between the two. In this case the middle course is not the best °but it is perhaps right to encourage it as a step in advance towards an honest English pronunciation. In another part of this work, will be found a collection of French and foreign words which have been introduced into our language without change. § 90. Some Greek and Latin words retain the pronunciation of e final, though in such a position in English || it is always silent : Ac'mS. Apos'trophS. Anem'onS. Catas'trophS. Epit'omg. Hyper'bolg. Re"cipg. Sim'ile. Fina'lg. Rationa'lg. 91. The uneducated, and sometimes the educated Irish, err in the pronunciation of the following sounds and letters : ea, ei, ey, oo, ou, a, e, i, o, u; d, t, I, and r ; as in the following words: Lave for leave. Shuk for shook. Sinsare for sincere. Ptill for pull (oo) Tay „ tea. Tuk „ took. Schame ,, scheme. Loudher ,, louder. Nate ,, neat. Fut „ foot. Plinty ,, plenty. Broadhcr,, broader. Plase ,, please. Stud ,, stood. Twinty „ twenty. Watther ,, water. Desate ,, deceit. Coorse ,, course. Cowld „ cold. Betther „ better. Resate ,, receipt. Coorso ,, coarse. Bowld ,, hold. Hcl-um ,, helm. Resave ,, receive. Soorce ,, source. Bush „ bush (oo) Real-um ,. realm. Conveo ,, convey. Gether^I , gather. Push „ push (oo) Ar-um „ arm. Obee ,, obey. Ketch „ catch. Cushion ,, cushion (oo) Har-um „ harm. * Either by a change in the pronunciation of the same letter, (as Abuse is pronounced abuce as a noun, and abuze as a verb,) or by a change or addition of letters, (as Glass, Glaze } Bath, Bathe.; t Prize, to set a price upon ; to valuo or esteem highly. % The adjective smooth is pronounced like the verb smoothe. § To employ a foreign word, when thero is one in our owu language to express the samf idea, is a mark of silly affectation, and petty pedantry. II That is, it does not constitute an additional syllable, but it usually modifies the soune of the preceding vowel ; as in fat, fate ; met, mete ; pin, pine ; not, note ; tub, tube. ^f Gather. — This error (giving a the short sound of e) belongs to the north of Irelane and Scotland. XXlV PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION. 92. The learner should collect all the words in which such errors are likely to occur, and habituate himself to a correct pronunciation of them. Also, all such vulgarisms as 'jommetrr,' ' joggraphy,' 'hoighth,' 'lenth,' 'oust,' 'strenth,' 'breth' (breadth), 'flnre' (floor), ' readin,' ' writin,' for the purpose of guarding against them. 93. The principal vulgarisms of the uneducated English, particu- larly of the Cockneys or natives of London, consist — a. In the use of w for v and v for uj; as " Fine, weal, and vinegar, are li'ery good Kettles, I wow." b. In sounding h -where it should not, and in omitting it where it ought to be heard ; as " Give my orse some hoats."* c. In introducing the sound of r into some words in which it has no place, and in ex- eluding it from others to which it belongs ; as in ' idea; - ,' ' winder', ' Mariar,' ' feller.* 'arter' for after, ' darter' for daughter, ' sarspan' for saucepan; ' bam' for barm, ' laud' for lord, ' fust' tor first, ' kiver' for cover, &c. 94. In England the following words are frequently confounded by uneducated or careless speakers. The explanation of each will be found in the Dictionary Ail Hail. Air Hair. Ale Hail. All Hall. Altar Halter Alter Halter. Am Ham. Anchor Hanker. And Hand. Arbour Harbour. Ardour Harder. Ark Hark. Arm Harm. Arras Harass. Arrow Harrow. As Has. Ash Hash. Asp Hasp. At Hat. Ate Hate. Aunt Haunt. Awl Hall. Ear Hear. Ear Here. Eat Heat- Eaves Heaves. Edge Hedge. Eel Heal. Eel Heel. Eisht Hate. Elm Helm. Erring Herring. Ill Hill. Ire Hire. Is His. Island Highland. It Hit. Old Hold. Osier Hosier. Otter Hotter. Our Hour. Owl Howl. * "It was quite impossible to witness unmoved the impressive solemnity with which he poured forth his soul in ' My 'art's in the 'ighlands,' or ' The brave old Hoak.' " — Dickens, A COLLECTION OF ALL THE DIFFICULT AND IRREGULAR WORDS IN THE LANGUAGE.* [Many of the words in this list -will appear very easy to the reader, hut that is because they are familiriT to him." To persons unacquainted with them, such as children and foreigners, the irregular or unusual sounds of the letters occasion great difficulty. Besides, even the easiest of them will serve to recall tro reader's attention to the preceding Principles of Pronunciation.] Aborigines, ab'-o-rid"-jin-es, 71. t Above, a-buv 7 , 8, a. Abroad, a-brawd', 25. Acacia, a-ka-she-a. Accept'able, or Acceptable, 73, b. Accessary, ack'-ses-sar-y. Accessory, ack'-ses-sor-y. Accomplice, ac-com'-pliss, 76. Accompt, ac-coimt', 49. Accomptant, ac-count'ant. Accoutre, ao-coo'tur, 29, c- Accoutrement, ac-coo'-tre-ment. Accrue, ac-croo', 9, b. Acetous, a-ce'tti3. Ache, ake, 41. Achieve, a-cheev', 24. Acme, ack'-mey, 90. Acolyte, ac'-o-lite, 77. Aconite, ac'-o-nlte, 77. Acoustics, a-cow'-sticks. Acquiesce, ac-kwe-ess', 53. Acre, a'-ktir, 6, b. Adamantcan, ad'-a-man-te"-an. Adamantine, ad'-a-mau"-tin, 76. Adept, a-dept', 69. Ado, a-doo', 8, b. Adulator, ad"-u-la'-tor. Adulatory, ad"-u-la'-tor-y. Adult, a-'dult'. Adust, a-dust'. Advertise, ad"-ver-ti'se. Advertisement, ad-ver'-tlse-ment. Advertiser, ad"-ver-tl'-ser. AfFront, af-frunt', 8, a. Again, a-gen {ghard,. Against, a-genst (g hard). Aghast, a-gast'. Agile, ad'gil, 76. Agone, a-gOn'. Ague, a'-gu, 33, b. Aisle, lie, 14, a. Albeit, all-bc'-it, 5, b. Alchymy, al'-k6-my, 41. Alcohol, al'-cS-hol. Alguazil, al"-ga-zeel', 7, b. Alien, ale'-ven, 7, c. Alkaline, al'-ka-lm, 76. Allegro, al-le-gro. AHeluiah, al'-16-loo"-yah, 46. Almond, am'-6nd, 48. Alms, ams, 48. Almoner, al'-mou-er, 48. Aloes, al'-oze. Altar, awl'-tar, 5, b. Alter, awl'-tSr, 5, b. Altercate, al'-tSr-cate. Alternate, al-ter'-nate. Alumine, al'-u-mm, 76. Alvine, al'-vm, 76. Amaranthine, ani'-a-ran"-thin, 76. Ambages, am-ba'-ges, 70. Ambergris, am'-ber-grees, 7, b. Ambush, am'-boosh, 9, a. Amethystine, am'-e-thist"-ln, 76. Amiable, a'-mfi-a-bl. Amice, am'-Is, 76. Among, a-mung / , 8, a. Amongst, a-mungst'. Amortise, a-mor'-tlz, 76. Amour, a-moor', 29, c. Amphibious, am-fib'-g-tis, 52. Amphisbaena, am-fls-be'-na, 52, 13. Anachronism, an-ack'-ro-nism, 41. Anathema, a-nath'-e-ma, 70. Anchoret, ar.g'-kd-ret. Anchorite, ang'-ko-rite, 77. Anchovy, an-cho'-vy, 69. Ancient, ain'-shSnt, 2, f. Ancillary, an'-cil-lar-y. Angel, ain'-gel, 2, f . Angelic, an-gel'-ic, 80, a. Anger, ang'-ger {g hard), 44. Angle, ang'-gl, 6, b. Anguish, ang'-gwish, 34. Anile, an'-Ile, 76. Anility, a-nil'-i-ty, 73. Anise, an'-ls, 76. Anodyne, an"-o-dIne. Anonymous, a-non'-e-mtis. Answer, an'-sSr, 59. Antalgic, ant-al'-jTck. Ante-chamber, an"-te-chaim'-ber. Anthracite, an'-thra-cite, 77. Antipodes, an'-tip'-o-dfis, 70. Antiquary, an"ti-kwa-ry, 32. Antique, an-teek,' 7, b. Antiquity, an'-tick'-wS-ty, 53. Antre, an'-tgr, 6, 5. Anxiety, ang-zi'-6-ty. Anxious, angk'-shtis, 75. Any, en'-n6y, 5, e. Aphaeresis, a-f eY-rg-sis, 13. * The explanation of these words win be found in the subjoined Dictionary. + The numbers after the words refer to the preceding Principles of Pronunciation. This marts w , de notes a short, and this -, a long syllable. XXVI DIFFICULT AND IRREGULAR WORDS. Apocrypha, a-pock'-re-fa. .Apophthegm, ap'-6-them. Apostle, a-pos'-tSl, 66. Applicability, ap'-pli-ca-bil"-i-ty. Apposite, ap'-p6s-ztt, 76. Apprentice, ap-pren'-tis, 76. ApproTal, ap-proov'-al, 8, b. Approve, ap-proov 7 , 8, b. Approver, ap-proov'-er, 8, b. Apricot, a'-pre-cot. Apron, a'-pron, 66. Aquatic, a-qwat'-ic, 32. Aqueduct, ack'-qwe-duct, 33. Aqueous, a'-kwe-us, 33. Aquiline, ack'-we-Hn, 76. Arabesque, ar'-a-besk. Arachnoid, a-rack'-noid, 41. Archaic, ar-ka-ic, 41. Archaiology, ar'-kai-or'-o-gy, 41. Archangel, ark-ain'-gel, 41. Archetype, ar'-ke-tipe, 41. Ar'-chi-e-pis"-co-pa-cy (ar-ki-), 41. Ar'-chi-e-pis"-co-pal (ar-ki-), 41. Ar / -chi-pel"-a-go (ar-ki-), 41. Architect, ar'-ki-tect, 41. Architrave, ar'-ki-trave, 41. Archives, ar'klves, 41. Area, a'-re-a. Argil, ar'-jil. Argillaceous, ar'-jil-! a"-shtis. Argive, ar'-give ig hard). Arian, air / -6-an. Armistice, ar'-ml-stfss, 76. Arquebuse, ar'-ke-boos, 9, a. Artifice, ar'-ti-ilss, 7G. Artificial, ax-ti-fish'-yal, 7, c. Asafcetida, as'-=a-fet"-i-da. Asbestine, as-bes'-tin, 76. Asinine, as'-i-nine, 77. Askaunce, as-kan'ce, 16, a. Askaunt, as-kant', 16, a. Assign, as-sine', 44, a. Assignation, as'-sig-na"-shun, 44, a. Assignee, as'-se-nee, 44, a. Assuage, as-swage', 32. Asthma, ast'-ma, 57. Asthmatic, ast-mat'-ic. Atrocious, a-tro'-shas. Atrocity, a-tross'-i-ty, 73. Auln, awn, 48. Auspice, aw'-splss, 76. Autumn, avr'-tum, 50. Autumnal, aw-tum'-nal, 50. Auxiliary, awg-zll'-yar-y, 7, c. Avalanche, av"-a-longsh', 89. Avoirdupois, av'-er-du-poize, 89. Avouch, a-vowtch, 29. Bade, bad, 1. Bagnio, ban'-yo, 44, a. Bal'cony, or Balc-o'-ny, 69. Balsam, bawl' -sum, 5, b. Balsamic, bal-sam'-ic, 73. Bandana, ban-dan'-a. Banian, ban'yan, 7, c. Banquet, bang'-kwet, 33. Barouche, ba-roosh', 89. Bass {in music), base. Battalion, bat-tal'-yon, 7, C. Bayonet, bay'-6net. Beard, beerd, 17. Becafico, bec'-a-fee"-co, 7, b. Behoove or Behove, behoov, 8, b Benign, be-nlne', 44, a. Benignity, be-nig'-ni-ty, 44, a. Bequeath, be-kweeth', 53. Bird, bird, 7, a. Biscuit, bis'-kit, 34, a. Bison, bi'-sn. Bissextile, bis-secks'-tll, 76. Bitumen, be-tu'-men, 70. Bivouac, biv'-oo-ack, 89. Blaspheme, bias-feme'. Blasphemous, bl as'-f6-mus, 73. Blood, blud, 28, b. Boatswain, bo'-sn, 69. Bomb, bum, 8, a. Bombard, v. bum-bard', 8, a, Bombardier, bum-ba-deer'. Bombasin, bum-ba-zeen', 7, b. Borough, bur'o, 29, a. Bosom, booz'tim, 8, b. Boudoir, boo-dwor', 89. Bouilli, bool'-ye, 89. Bouillon, bool'-yong, 89. Bouquet, boo'-k'ay, 69. Bourgeon, bur'-jun, 29, b, and 75 Bow, bo, 30, a. Bow, bou, 30. Bowl, bole, 30, a. Bowline, bo'-lln, 76. Bowsprit, bo'-sprit, 30. Brazier, bra'zher, 62. Brazil, bra-zeel', 7, b. Break, brake, 17. Breakfast, brek'-fast, 73. Brevet, bre-vet', 69. Brevier, bre-veer', 69. Brigand, brig'-and, 69. Brigantine, brig'-an-tine, 77. Britska, bris'-ka. Broad, brawd, 25. Brooch, broatch, 28. Brother, bruth'-er, 8, a. Bruise, brooz, 34, b. Brunette, broo-net', 9, b. Brusque, broosk, 89. Bull, book Bulletin, bool'-e-teen, 89. Bullion, bool'-yun, 7, c. Buoy, bwoy, 37. Buoyant, bwoy'-ant, 37. Bureau, bu-ro', 89. Burial, ber'-e-al, 9, c. Burlesque, bur-lesk', 89. Bury, ber'-ry, 9, c. Business, biz'-ness, 9, C. Busy, biz'-ey, 9, c. Cabal, ca-bal'. Cabaret, cab'-a-ray, 89. Caboose, ca-booce'. Cabriolet, cab'-re-o-lay", 89. Cajeput, cad'-je-put. Calamine, cal'-a-mln, 76. Calcareous, cal-kay'-re-us. Caldron, cawl'-dron. Calk, cawk, 48. Cambric, kaim'-bTic, 2, f- Camelopard, cam"-el-o-pard'. / Campaign, cam-pain', 44, a. Canaille, ka-na'-il, 89. DIFFICULT AND IRREGULAR WORDS. xxvi? Canine, ka-nine', 76. Canoe, ka-noo', 26, a. Canorous, ca-no'-rus, 69. Capillary, cap'-ll-lar-y. Caprice, ca-preece', 7, b. Captain, kap'-tin, 14, b. Capuchin, cap'-u-sheen", 7, b. Carabine, car'-bine, 76. Caries, care'-e^es. Carriage, car'-rldge, 75. Casque, cask, 53. Cassia, cash'-ya, 7, c. Cassino, eas-se'-no, 7, b. Catachresis, cat'-a-kre"-sis, 41. Catarrh, ca-tar 7 . Catastrophe, ca-tas'-trof-y, 90. Catechism, cat'-e-kizm, 41. Catechist, cat'-e-kist, 41. Catholicism, cath-thol'-I-cizri). Cavalier, cav'-a-leer", 24. Cavatina, eav'-a-te"na, 7, 6. Caviare, cav'-yare, 7, c. Cazique, ca-zeek', 7, b. Cenobite, ce'-no-bite, 77. Centre, cen'-ter, 6, b. Centrifugal, cen-trif'-u-gal. Centripetal, cen-trip'-e-tal. Cerulean, ce-roo'-le-an, 9, 6. Ceruse, ce'-rooce, 9, b. Chagrin, sha-green', 7, b. Chalice, tchal'-Iss, 76. Chalk, tchawk, 48. Chamber, tchaine'-ber, 2, i . Chameleon, ka-me'-le-on, 41. Chamois, sham'-wa, 89. Chamomile, kam'^o-mlle, 41. Champagne, sbam-pain', 44, a. Champaign, sham-pain', 41, a. Chaos, ka'-6s, 41. Chaperon, shap'-er-oang, 89. Charade, sha-raid'. Charlatan, shar'-la-tan, 89. Charlatanieal, shar'-la-tan"-i-cal, 81. Charlatanry, shar'-la-tan-ry. «Jhart, tchart. Chasm, kasm, 41. Chasten, cba'sn. Chastise, chas-ti'ze, 76. Chastisement, chas'-tiz-ment. Chat, tcbat, 41. Cheer, tcheere, 41. Cheerful, tcher-ful, 73. Chemise, shem-eez', 7, b. Chevalier, shev'-a-leer", 24. Chevaux-de-frise, shev-o'-de-freoze. Chicane, tshe-cain'. China, tshi'-na. Chivalry, shiv'-al-ry. Chlorine, klo'-rln, 76. Choir, kwire. Chorister, kor'-is-ter. Cliougb, chuff, 29, b. Christianity, kris'-ti-an"-ity, 75, *. Chrysalis, kris'-a-lis. Chrysolite, kris'-6-lite, 77. Chy'lc, klle. Chyme, klme. Cicatrice, cick'-a-trlss, 76. Ciliary, cil'-ya-ry, 7, c. Cinque, cingk, 89. Circuit, oir'-ket, 34, a. Clandestine, clan-des'-tln, 76. Clarion, clar'-yun, 7, C. Clerk, clark, 6, c. Clique, cleek, 7, b. Clough, cluf, 29, b. Cocagne, coc-cain', 44, a. Cochineal, cutch-e-neel'. Cockswain, cock'-sn, 69. Cocoa, co'-co, 25. Cognizance, con'-ne-zance, 89 Coiffure, koif-foor, 89. Coigne, coin, 44, a. Colander, cul'-an-der, 8. a. Colloquy, col'-lo-kwey, 36. Colonel, cur'-nel, 8, a. Colonnade, col'-o-naid", 6S, a. Color, Colour, cul'-ur, 8, a. Column, col'-um, 50. Combat, cum'-bat, 8, a. Come, cum, 8, a. Comely, cum'-ly, 8, a. Comfit, cum'-fit, 8, a. Comfort, cum'-fort, 8, a. Comfrey, cum'-frey, 8, a. Commen'dable, or Com'-mendable, 72, b Commissariat, com'-mis-sa"-ri-at. Commissary, com'-mls-sar-y. Company, cum'-pan-y, 8, a. Compen'sate, or Com -pen-sate, 71. Complacent, com-pla'-cent. Com'plaisan // ce, or Com"-plaisan'ce, 69. Conch, congk, 41. Condemn, con-dem', 50. Condemnation, con'-dem-na"-tion, 50. Condemned, con-dem'd, 50- Condemning, con-dem'-ing, 50. Condign, con-dine', 44, a. Conduit, cun'-dit, 34, a. Confes'sor, or Con'-fessor, 72, b. Confidant, con'-fe-dant", mas., 89. Confidante, con'-fe-dante", fern., 89. Confident, con'-fi-dent. Confis'cate, or Con'-fis-cate, 71. Conge, con'-jay, 89. Conjure, con-joor'. Connoisseur, con'-nais-sur", 89. Conquer, cong'-ker, 33, a. Conquest, cong'-k\vest, 33, a Consolatory, con-sOl'-a-tor-y, 73. Consols, con-sols'. Constable, cun'-sta-bl, 8, a. Construe, con'-stroo, 9, b. Contagious, con-ta'-jus, 85. Contemn, con-tem', 50. Contemner, con-tem'-er, 50. | Contemning, con-tem'-ing, 50. j Contem'plate, or Con'-tem-plato, 71. I Contrary, con'-tra-ry, 69. Contrite, con'-trlte. Contumacious, con'-tu-ma"-shus, 84. j Contumelious, con'-tu-me"le-us. j Con'versant, or Con-ver'-sant, 71. : Conversazione, con-ver-sat'-ze-o"-ny, 89 j Coppice, cop'-piss, 76. j Coquet, v. co-ket', 53. Coquetry, co-ket'-ry, 72. Coquette, s. co-ket', 53. Coriaceous, core-e-a'-shus, 84. ! Cork-screw, cork'-skroo. I Cornice, cor'-niss, 76. Corollary, cor'-6l-lar-y. 63 DIFFICULT AND IRREGULAR WORDS. Corps, core, 89. Corsair, cor-sare', 69. Cortege, cor'-taizh, 89. Cough, c5ff, 29, e. Coulter, cole'-ter, 29, a. Counterfeit, coun'-ter-fit, 74. Country, cun'-try, 29, b. Couple, cup'-el, 29, b. Courage, cur'-age, 29, b. Courageous, cur-ra'-jus, 85. Courier, coor'-e-er, 29, c. Courteous, curt'-yus, 75. Courtesy, cur'-te-sy, 29, b. Courtesy, ctirt'-sy. Cousin, cuz'-zn, 29, 6. Covenant, cuv'-e-nant, 29, b. Cover, cuv'-er, 29, b. Covert, cuv'-ert, 29, b. Covet, cur'-et. Covetous, cuv'-e-tus. Cowardice, cow'-ard-iss, 76. Cozen, cuz'-zn, 29, b. Cravat, cra-vat', G9. Crease, creece, 17. Crevice, crev'-iss, 76. Critique, ere-teek', 7, b. Cromlech, crom'-leck. Crosier, cro'-zhur, 55. Cucumber, coo'-cum-ber. Cuerpo, kwer'-po. Cuirass, kwe'-rass, 89. Cuisse, kwiss, 89. Cushion, coosh'-un, 9, a. Dahlia, dale-ya, 7, c. Daunt, dant, 16, a. Dearth, derth, 17. Debt, det, 39. Debtor, det'-ur, 39. Decorous, de-co'-rus. Decorum, de-co'-rum, 70. Defalcation, de'-fal-ca"-shun, 79. Definite, def'-i-nit, 76. Deign, dain, 19 and 44, a. Deity, de'-e-ty, 80. Delicious, de-lish'-us, 75. Delight, de-llte, 44, b. Demagogue, dem'-a-gSg, 33, c. Demesne, Domain, de-ma'ne. Denier, de-neer', 89. dentifrice, den'-ti-friss, 76. Dernier, der'-ne-er, 89. Desuetude, des'-swe-tude, 33. Desultory, des'-sul-tdr-y. Detour, dc-toor', 89. Devastate, de-vas'-tate, 69. Devastation, dev'-as-ta"-shun, 86. Devoir, dev'-wor, 89. Diachylon, di-ack'-e-lon. Diaeresis, di-er'-e-cis. Dialogue, di-a-log, 33, c. Diamond, di-a-mund. Diapason, di-a-pa"-zon. Diaphragm, di-a-fram, 44, a. Diarrhoea, di'-ar-re"-a. Diastole, di-ass'-to-ly, 90. Dicotyledon, di-co-till"-e-don. Dilate, dl-la'te. Dilatory, dil'-a-tar-y, 73. Dimissory, dim'-is-sar-y. Diphthong, dip '-thong. Discipline, dis'-ci-plin, 76. Discomfit, dis-cum'-fit, 8, a. Discretion, dis-cresh'-un, 73, 86. Dis'embo"gue, dis'-em-bog", 33, e. Disfranchise, dis-fran'-chiz, 76. Dishabille, dis / -a-bill', 89. Dishevel, de-shev'-el, 89. Disputable, dis / -pu-ta-bl, 72, b. Disputant, dis'-pu-tant, 72, b. Dissolubility, dis'-sal-u-bil"-i-ty. Dissoluble, dis'-sa-lu-bl. Distich, dis'-stick, 41. Do, doo, 8, b. Docible, das'-se-bl. Docile, das'-sil. Doctrinal, doc'-tri-nal, 73. Doctrine, doc'-trln, 76. Does, duz, 26, a. Doge, doje (g soft), 89. Dog'ger (g hard). Domicile, dom'-i-cil, 76. Done, dfln, 8, a. Door, dore, 28, b. Dose, doce. Double, dub'-bl, 29, 6. Doublet, dub'-let, 29, b. Doubt, dowt, 39. Douceur, doo-sur', 89. Dough, doe, 29, a. Doughty, dow'-ty, 44, b. Dozen, duz'-zn, 29, b. Drachm, dram, 41. Drachma, drack'-ma, 41. Drama, dram'a. Draught, draft, 41, b. Drought, drowt, 29, 44, b. Ducat, duck'-at, 69. Ductile, duc'-til, 76. Dudgeon, dud'-jun, 75. Duenna, du-en'-na. Dungeon, dun'-jun, 75. Duresse, du'-ress, 69. Dynasty, dyn'-as-ty. Eclat, e-claw', 89. Eclogue, eck-log', 33, c. E'er, air. Egotism, eg'-o-tizm. Egotist, eg'-o-tist. Eider, 1-der. Eisht, ait, 19. Eighth, aith, 19. Either, ee'-ther. Eleemosynary, el'-ee-moz"-§-nar-y. Elicit, e-llss'-it. Elite, ai-leet', 89. Empiric, or Em'piric, 69, 80, a. Empty, em'-ty, 51. Empyrean, em'-py-re"-an. Enceinto, ong-saingt, 89. Encore, ong-core, 89. Endeavour, en-deV-ur, 17. Endive, en'-div, 7, d. E-ner'-vate, or En'-er-vate, 71. Enfeoff, en-feff. Enfilade, ong'-fe-lad", 89. Enfranchise, en-fran'-chiz, 76. Engine, en'-jin, 76. Ennui, an-wee', 89. Enough, e-nufF, 29, b. En passant, ong-pas'-song, 89. DIFFICULT AND IRREGULAR WORDS. XXlX Ensign, en'-sine, 44, a. Ensigncy, en'-sin-cy, 73. Entomb, en-toom', 39. Envel'op, v. en-vel'-op. Envelope, s. ongv'-lop, 89. Environ, v. en-vi'-ron. Environs, s. en-vi'-rons, 89. Epaulet, ep'-aw-let, 89. Epergne, ai-pairn', 89. Epilogue, ep'-Mdg, 33, c. Epitome, e-pit'-6-me, 90. Epoch, ep'-ock, 41. Equable, eck'-wa-bl, 53. Equal, ee'-kwiil, 53. Equator, ee'-kway'-tor, 53. Equatorial, eck'-wa-tore-e-al. Equerry, eck'-wer-ry, 53. Equinox, eck'-we-nocks, 53. Equipage, eck'-we-page, 53. Equivoke, eq'-we-voke. Equivoque, a'-ke-voke", 89. Eremite, er'-e-mite, 77. Ermine, er'-min, 76. Escalade, es'-ca,-laid", 89. Eschalot, esh'-a-lot". Eschar, es'-kar, 41. Eschew, es-choo', 21. Escritoire, es'-cre-twar", 89. Escutcheon, e-scut'-chon, 75. Espalier, es-pal'-yer, 7, c. Especial, e-spesh'-al. Espionage, es"-pe-o-nazh', 89. Estafet, es'-ta-fet", 69, 89. Ether, e'-ther. Etiquette, et"-e-ket', 89. Eucharist, u'-ka-rist. Ewe, ii. Ewer, iire. Exaggerate, egz-ad'-jer-ate. Exemplary, cx'-em-plar-y. Exequies, ecks'-e-kwiz. Exergue, egz-erg', 33, c. Exorcise, ecks'-or-cise. Explicit, ex-plls'-it. Expugn, ecks-pu'ne, 44, a. Exquisite, ecks'-kwe-zit, 76. Extinguish, ecks-ting'-gwish, 34. Extir'pate, or Ex'tirpate, 69, 71. Extraordinary, ecks-tror'-de-nar-y. Eyre, air. Eyry, ai'-ry. Fabric, fab'-ric. Facade, fass-ad', 89. Facile, fass'-il, 76. Facetiae, fa-cee'-she-e. Fac-simile, fac-sim'-i-le, 90. Factitious, fac-tish'-us, 75, 84. Falcated, fal'-ca-ted. Falchion, fawl'-shun. Falcon, faw'-kn, 48. Falconer, fawk'-ner. Falconet, ftil'-co-net. Falsetto, fal-set'-to. Familiar, fa-mil'-yar, 7, c. Famine, fam'-in, 76. Fanatic, fa-nat'-ie, 80, a. Farina, fa-ri'-na, 70. Farrago, far-ra'-go, 70. Fascine, fass-see'n, 7, b. Fatigue, fa-teeg 7 , 7, b. Fault, fawlt. Favorite, fa'-vur-it, 76. Fealtv, fe'-al-ty. Feather, feth'-er, 17. Febrile, feb'-ril, 76. Feign, fain, 19. Feint, faint, 19. Felloe, fel'-lo. Felluca, fe-luc'-ka. Feminine, fem'-i-nln, 76 Feod, fude, 20. Feodal, fu'-dal, 20. Feoff, fef, 20. Feoffee, feffee, 20. Feoffer, fef-fer, 20. Ferocious, fe-ro'-shus, 75, 84. Ferocity, fe-rdss'-I-ty, 73. Fertile, fer'-til, 76. Fibre, fi'-bur, 6, b. Fief, feef, 24. Fierce, feerce, 24, a. Fiery, fi'-er-y. Filial, fil'-yal, 7, c. Finesse, f e-ness', 69. Fir, fer, 7, a. First, ferst, 7, a. Fissile, fis'-sil, 76. Flaccid, flack'-sid. Flageolet, fiadj'-o-let". Flambeau, flam'-bo, 12. Flaunt, flant, 16, a. Flavour, fla'-vur, 29, b, 74. Flood, flud, 28, b. Floor, flore. Flourish, fiur'-ish, 29, b. Focile, fo'-cil, 76. Foliage, fo'-le-age. Folk, foke, 48. foreign, foi y -in, 74. Foreigner, for'-in-er, 74. Forfeit, for'-fit, 74. Forfeiture, for'-fit-ure, 74. Four, fore, 29, a. Fracas, fra-ca', 89. Fragile, frad'-gil, 76. Franchise, fran'-chiz, 76. Frankincense, frank'-In-cense. Freight, frait, 19. Frequent. See No. 87. Fricasee, frick'-ass-ee", 89. Friend, frend, 24, a. Frigid, frid'-gid. Front, frunt, 8, a. Frontier, fron'-teer. Fulminate, ful'-min-ate. Fulsome, ful'-sum, 73. Funereal, fu-ne'-re-al. Furlough, furMo, 29, a. ; 44, b. Furnace, fuiZ-niss, 74. Fusee or Fusil, fu-zee', 48. Fusil, fu'-zil (a spindle) Fusilier, fu'-si-leer". Futile, fu'-tU, 76. Gabakdinii:, gab'-ar-deen", 7, 6. Gaelic, ga'-el-ic. Galiot, gal'-e-ot.* * Galiot is usually pronounced gaV-yot, XTCX DIFFICULT AND IRREGULAR WORDS. Galleon, gal'-e-on, 20.* Galliard, gal'-yard, 7, c. Galoche, ga-ldsh'. Galoches, pi. ga-losh'-ez. Gamboge, gam-boodge', 8, b. Gaol, jail. See No. 15. Gauge, gage. Gauger, gay '-j ex. Gaunt, gant, 16, a. Gauntlet, gant'-let, 16, a. Genuine, jen'-u-in, 76. Gewgaw, gu'-gaw, 44. Gherkin Ig hard), 44. Ghib'elline (ghard), 76. Gibber (g hard), 44. Gibberish (g hard), 44. Gibbet (g soft). Gibbous {g hard). Gills (g hard), 44. Gill ig soft). Gillyflower [g soft). Gimp (g hard), 44. Gin [g soft). Gingham \g hard), 44. Giraffe, zhe-raf . Give, glv (g hard), 44. Glacier, glass'-e-er, 89. Glacis, glass-ees', 89. Glove, gluv, 8, a. Goitre, goy'-tur, 89. Gorgeous, gor'-jus, 85. Gouge, goodge, 29, C. Goulard, goo-lard', 29, c. Gourd, gord, 29, a. Gout, goo, 89. Govern, guv'-ern, 8, a. Governante, go-ver-nant', 89. Gracile, grass'-il, 76. Great, grait, 17. Grenade, gren-aid'. Grisette, gre-zet', 89. Guaiacum, gwa'-ya-cum, 7, c. Guano, gwan'-o, 32. Guardian, gard-yan, 7, c. Guava, gwa'-va, 32. Guerdon, ger'-don (g hard). Guilt, gilt ig hard), 34, a. Guinea, gin'-ny ig hard). Guitar, gue-tar 7 . Gunwale, gun'-nel. Gymnasium, jim-naz'-e-um Gymnastic, jim-nas'-tic. Gypsum, jip'-surn, 44. Gyves, jives. Habergeon, hab'-er-je-6n. Halcvon, hal'-ce-on. Half, haf, 48. Halfpenny, ha'-pen-ny, 48. Hallelujah, hal'-le-loo"-yah, 4' Halliard, hal'-yard, 7, c. Halser, haw'-ser, 48. Halve, hav, 48. Halves, havz, 48. Handkerchief, hang'-ker-chlf. Harangue, ha-rang 7 . Harbour, har'-bur, 75. Harlequin, har'-le-kwin, 53. Harrier, har'-re-er, 73. Hauberk, haw'-berk. Haunt, hant, 16, a. Hautboy, ho' -boy, 89. Hauteur, ho-tur', 89. Haut-gout, ho-goo', 89. Health, helth, 17. Heard, herd, 17. Hearken, harMcen, 17. Hearse, herce, 17. Hearten, har'-tn, 17. Hearth, harth, 17. Hearty, hart'-ty, 17. Heaven, heV-vn, 17. Heavy, heV-vy, 17. Hecatomb, heck'-a-tom. Hegira, hed'-je-ra, or he-ji-ra, 69. Height, hite, 19, a. Heifer, hef'er, 19, a. Heinous, hay'-nus, 19, a. Heir, air, 19, a. Heiress, air'-ess. Hemistich, hem'-i-stick, 41. Hemorrhage, hem'-or-rage. Hereditament, her / -e-dit"-a-ment. Heroine, her / -o-in, 76. Heterogeneous, het'-er-6-jee"-ne-u8. Hideous, hid'-yus. Hippopotamus, hip'-po-pot"-a-mus. Historiographer, his'-to-ri-og"-ra-pher, rob-6ery ; sin, sin-nest, sin-?ied, sin-ning, sin-ner ; * It should be added, however, that we seldom venture to follow our own recommenda- tion in this respect: In words, as fashions, the same rule will hold, Alike fantastic if too new or old. Be not the first by whom the new are tried, IJor yet the last to lay the old aside. — Pope. t Except in Greek and foreign words, as system, tyrant, myrrh, alchymy, &c. In these instances y is not the representative of i, but of a different letter. X In fact, y is another form of t. See No. 10, page v. § The y is usually retained in the following words, dry, shv, sly, wben ly or ness is added ; as diy-ly, dry-ness ; ehy-ly, shy-ncss ; sly-ly, sly-ness. I Lay, pay, say, and their compounds, repay, unsay, &c, follow the general rule when ed or d is added ; as laid, paid, said, unpaid, unsaid, &c. But the exception prevails in layer, payer, payable, &c. If The duplication of the final consonant, in such cases, prevents the vowel of the primi- tive word from losing its shut or short sound. This change, therefore, preserves the pro- nunciation of the original word. If the 6 were not doubled in rob-bed, for instance, we would have not only a different pronunciation \ro-bed), but also a different word (namely, the past tense of the verb robe;. ORTHOGRAPHY. XX XIX rebel, rebelled, rebel/ing, rebel/ion, rebellious ; commit, committed, committing, committal, committee ; begin, begirming, beginner ; wit, witty, wittily ; rot, rotten ; thin, thinnish, &c. Exceptions. — In the following words, and others of the same class,* the final consonant is usually doubled in such instances as the above, though accented on the first syllable : TRAVEL.+ travelled, travelling, traveller; chisel, chiselZed, chiselling; cavil, cavilZed, lavilZing, cavilZer ; counsel, counselZed, counselling, counsellor; drivel, drivelZing, ArivelZer ; duel, duel Zing, duelZist ; gravel, gravelZed, gravclZing ; grovel, grovelZed, grovelZing ; level, levelled, levelling, level/er ; libel, libelZed, libelZing, libcl/cr, libel- Zous ; marvel, marvelZed, marvclZing, marvelZous ; model, modelled, modelling, model- ler ; pencil, pencilled, pencilling ; quarrel, quarrelZed, quarrelling, quarreler, quar- relZous ; revel, revclZed, rcvclZing, revelZer ; rival, rivalled, rivalZing, &c. III. Wben words ending with double I are compounded with others — or when the termination ness, less, ly, or ful, is affixed — one I should be omitted ; as already, aZ-beit, aZ-though, aZ-most, aZ-together, with-aZ, \in-til, chil- blain ; dul-ness, skil-less, ful-\y, ful-fil, wil-fm, &c. Exceptions. — 7ZZ-ncss, shrill-ness, small-ness, sZZZZ-ness, Zr/ZZ-ness. IV. When an affix or termination beginning with a vowel, is added to a word ending with e, the e should be omitted ; as cure, cur- able ; palate, palat-ABL~E ; sense, sens-iBLE ; reverse, revers-iBLE ; love, lo u-ing ; convince, convinc-l'SG ; slave, slav-iSJEL ; knave, knav-iSB. ; royue, royu-isn ; stone, stoji-r ; connive, conniv-AKCE ; arrive, cmy-AL, &c. Exceptions. — The e, if preceded by c or g soft, must (in order to preserve the pronunci- ation) be retained before the postfix ahle; as in peace, -peace-able; service, scrvice-aM», charge, eharge-aoZe ; change, change-a6Ze, &c.± Theeis also retained in dyeing 1 , from rive V. When an affix or termination, beginning with a consonant, is added to a word ending with e, the e is retained ; as in pale, pale-ness; sera.se, sense-Zess; close, close-ly ; peace, -peace-fid ; allure, aWwre-meiit. Exceptions. — Due, du-Zy ; true, tru-Zy ; awe, aw-/wZ / judge, ju&g-ment ; abridge, *a.WiAg-ment ; whole, whol-Zy; acknowledge, acknowledg-wewf ; argue, argu-?«e»Z.§ VI. Except in monosyllables, as 6Zoc/;, stock, &c, k final is now omit- ted; as in public[Ji], music[]i], critic[k~], &c.|| VII. In writing words commencing with the prefix dis or mis, mis- takes are sometimes made, either by the omission or insertion of an s. This may be easily avoided, by considering whether the word to which dis or mis is prefixed, begins with s. If so, of course, the s must be re- tained ; as in Dissolve, Dis-serer, Dissipate, Mis-spell, Mis-shapen, &c. * Words ending with Z preceded by a single vowel. t The " liquid" nature of the letter Z, and the orthography of the French words from which most of these terms are immediately derived, account for, and perhaps sanction, these anomalies ; but there is no such excuse for doubling the p in " gallopped," "gal- lopping," "worshipped," "worshipping," "worshipper," " gossipping," &c. In most of the American-printed books, it may bo observed that these exceptions are not admitted. The following are "Webster's observations on the subject : — " We observe in all authors, ballotting, bevelling, levelled, travelled, cancelled, revelling, rivalling, wor- shipped, worshipper, apparalJed, embowelled, libelling, and many others in which the last consonant is doubled, in opposition to one of the oldest and best established rules in the language. Nouns formed from such verbs should be written with a single consonant, as jeweler, traveler, worshiper. What should we say to a man who should write audittor, gardenner, laborrer, &c. ?" f Johnson and Walker retain the e in mow-able and move-nh\es, but there is no reason for this exception, particularly as the former excludes e from immov-uble. § Johnson excludes e from chast~r\esa, but retains it in chaste-lj. Walker excludes e from both, writing chast-ncss, ckast-lj. Usage, as well as reason, is against these exceptions. In ransack, and generally in words ending in ock, as hillock, the k is retained. Al- manac is sometimes written with, and sometimes without the k. It must also bo restored in the past tense and participles of the verbs frolic, mimic, physic, traffic ; as, mimicked, mimicking, frolicked, frolicking. Even tho learning and authority of Johnson are unable to control custom. He has laid it down as a principle that no English word can end with the letter c. — In thi3 case custom is right ; for k in such a position is perfectly useless, either as regards the orthography or etymology. ORTHOGRAPHY. A COLLECTION OF WORDS OF UNSETTLED ORTHOGRAPHY.* Abetter. Abettor. Abridgment. Abridgement. Accountant. Accomptant. Acknowledgment. Acknowledgement. Adze. Adz. Mdile. Edile. Ambassador. Embassador. Amend. Emend. Ancient. Antient. Antechamber. Antichamber. Apostasy. Apostacy. Aposteme. Apostume. Apothegm. Apophthegm. Archasology. Archaiology. Arquebuse. Harquebuso. Arrack Arack. Auger. Augre. Balk. Baulk. Banister. Baluster. Bark. Barque. Bass (in music). Base. Bazaar. Bazar. Befall. Befal. Behoove. Behove. Biased. Biassed. Bilge. Bulge. Binnacle. Bittacle. Blamable. Blameable. Bouse, Bousy. Booze, Boozy. Bucaneer. Bucanier. Bumblo Bee. Humble Bee. Burden. Burthen. Burdensome. Burthensoma. Caliph. Calif. Kaliph. Calk. Caulk. Caltrop. Calthrop. Camlet. Camelot. Camphor. Camphire. Canvass. Canvas. Carabine. Carbine. Carat. Caract. Caravel. Carvel. Catchup. Catsup. Causey. Causeway. Cayman. Caiman. Cazique. Cacique. Centiped. Centipede. Cess. Cham. Khan. Chamois. Shamois. Chap, Chaps. Chop, Chops. Chastely. Chastly. Chasteness. Chastness. Check. Cheque. Chemist. Chymist. Choir. Quire. Choose. Chuse. Chorister. Quirister. Cipher. Cypher. Clew. Clue. Comfrey. Cumfrey. Connection. Connexion. Contemporary. Cotemporary. Control. Controul. Cony. Coney. Cordova. Cordwain. Cornelian. Carnelian. Corpse. Corse. Coulter. Culter. Cranch. Craunch. Crawfish. Crayfish. Cuisse. Cuish. Curbstone. Kerbstone. Cymar. Simar. Damson. Damascene. Dandriff. Dandruff. Daub. Dawb. Delf. Delft. Demesne. Domain. Despatch. Dispatch. Docket. Doquet. Dower. Dowry. Dryly. Drily. Dryness. Driness. Dyeing. Dying. Ecstasy. Ecstacy. Embezzle. Imbezzle. Empale. Impale. Empannel. Impannel. Enclose. Inclose. Encyclopedia Encyclopedia. Endorse. Indorse. Enigma. ^Enigma. Enrol . Enroll. Entire. Intire. Equerry. E query. Equivoke. Equivoque. Eschalot. Shallot. Escrutoire. I Scrutoire. * In the Extract which follows (taken attempt to settle the orthography of many from the Author's Dictionary of Derivations) will be found of these words. The more usual spelling U placed first. WORDS OF UNSETTLED ORTHOGRAPHtT. xli Hawser Junket. Pacha. Halser. Juncate. Bashaw. Hiccough. Keg. Packet. Hickup. Cag. Pacquet. Hinderance. Lacker. Paillasse. Hindrance. Lacquer. Palliasse. Holiday. Licence. Stanch. Holyday. License. Staunch. Honeyed. Licorice. Strew. Honied. Liquorice. Strow. Hostler. Lief. Pansy. Ostler. Lieve. Pancy. Housewife. Lilac. Lilach. Parsnip. Huswife. Parsnep. Hypotenuse. Loath. Loth. Pedler. Hypothenuse. Peddler. Imbrue. Embrue. Lodgment. Lodgement. Pedlar. Phantasm, Lustring. Fantasm. Immovable. Immoveable. Lutestring. Phantom, Malcontent. Fantom. Indite. Endite. Malecontent. Phial. Mall. Vial. Indue. Maul. Endue. Philibeg. Marquess. Fillibeg. Inferable. Inferrible. Marquis. Marshall. Phlegm. Flegm. Inflection. Mareschal. Inflexion. Martin. Phthisic. Tisic. Ingraft. Marten. Pie. Pye. Ingraff. Mastio. Innuendo. Mastich. Inuendo. Milleped. Pigmy. Pygmy. Inquire. Enquire. Millepede. Molosses. Pimento. Pimenta. Inquiry. Molasses. Enquiry. Instructor. Instructer. Insure. Moneyed Monied. Mongrel. Mungrel. Pincers. Pinchers. Plaster. Plaister. Ensure. Mosquito. Plat. Plot. Pontoon. Inventor. Inventer. Mosqueto. Movable. Jailer. Moveable. Ponton. Gaoler. Multiped. Porpoise. Multipedo. Porpus. Janty. Jaunty. Murder. Murther. Pumpkin. Pompion. Jasmine. Jessamine. Muscle. Mussel (a shellfish). Purblind. Poreblind. Jelly. Gelly Negotiate. Quatercousin Negociate. Catercousin. Jole. Olio. Quintain. Jowl. Oglio. Quintin. Jostle. Orison. Rabbi. Justle. Oraison. Rabbin. Judgment. Oyez. Rase. Judgement. Oyes, Raze. xlii ORTHOGRAPHY. Rear. Here. Rearmouse. Reremouse. Rearward. Rereward. Recognise. Roeognizo. Referable. Referrible. Reflection, Reflexion. Relic. Relique. Renard. Reynard. Rennot. Runnet. Rosin. Restiff. Reverie. Revery. Riband. Ribbon. Rotatory. Rotary. 6alique. Salio. Savin. Sabine. Scallop. Scollop. Sceptic. Skeptio. Scholium. Scholion. Screen. Skreen, Sear. Sere. Solvable. Solvible. Somersault. Somerset. Sempstress. Seamstress. Sergeant. Serjeant. Spa. Spaw. Spinach. Spinage. Shard. Sherd. Spiritous. Spirituous. Sheer (pure). Shear. Show. Show. Shyly. Shily. Sponge. Spunge. Spright. Sprite. Surname. Sirname. Shyness. Shincss. Survivor. Survivor. Sillabub. Syllabub. Swale. Sweal. Silvan. Sylvan. Siphon. Syphon. Swap. Swop. Talc. Talck. Sirup. Syrup. Skate. Scate. Thresh. Thrash. Tidbit. Titbit. Skein. Skain. Ton. Tun. Skilful. Skillful. Tormentor. Tormentor. Skull. Scull. Trivet. Trevet. Slabber. Slobber. Trowsers. Trousers. Slyness. Slincss. Turkois. Turquoise. Solder. Soder. Unbiased. Unbiassed. Vails. Vales. Vantbraos. Vantbrass. Veil. Vail. Vendor. Vender. Villanous. Villainous. Villany. Villainy. Visiter. Visitor. Waggon. Wagon. Waif. Waift. Wale. Weal Wave. Waive. Wear (a dam)., Weir. Wier. Whisky. Whiskey. Windlace. Windlass. Woo. Wo. Woful. Woeful. Woollen. Woolen. Wreck. Wrack. Yest. Yeast. WORDS SPELLED IN TWO OR MORE WAYS: WITH AN ATTEMPT TO SETTLE THEIR ORTHOGRAPHY.* [FROM THE AUTHOR'S " DICTIONARY OF DERIVATIONS."] When the orthography of a word is doubtful, etymology and analogy should decide. Hence, complete, and not compleat, is the proper orthography, because derived from the Latin completus, or the French complet ; which is confirmed by the cognate word, replete. Abetter, Abettor. The latter orthogra- phy is allowable in law only, which affects Latin terminations ; as in Grantor, &c. Er is an English or Saxon affix, and Abet is of Saxon origin. Account, Accompt, Accountant, Ac- * The writer is not forgetful of the great maxim, U*u» norma loquencli." See note *. page xliv. comptant. Usage, pronunciation, and ana- logy, are in favor of Account and Account- ant, except when the words aro officially applied ; as " Clerk of tho Accompts," " Accomptant-GencrvLl." Custom has made a similar distinction between the words Con- troller and Comptroller, Register and Registrar. jEdile, Edile. See No. 13, page vi., and the note subjoined. WORDS SPELLED IN TWO OR MORJfi WA15. xliii Ambassador, Embassador. Custom is in favor of the former, though Embassage is seldom written with A, and Embassy, never. Another reason in favor of Embassador is its immediate derivation from the French Embassadewr. Amend, Emend. The former is from the French amender, and the latter, from the Latin emendo. Emend is almost obsolete, but its derivatives, emendation and emen- dator, are in use. Ancient, Antient. We derive this word from the French ancien, and not from the Latin antiquus. The first is therefore the preferable form. Antechameer, Antichamber. This word is derived from the Latin ante, before, and not from the Greek anti, against. It should therefore be written antechamber. Apostasy, Apostacy. This word is de- rived from the Greek apo, from, and stasis, a standing. The first is therefore the proper form. Aposteme, Apostume. We have adopt- ed both these words from the French. The original is the Greek apostema, which means a standing from. Apothegm, Apophthegm, The latter is the more correct form, but the former is generally employed. The original is the Greek apophthegma. Archeology, Archaiology. The first is ihe form generally in use, though the second is more in accordance with etymology, name- ly, from the Greek archaios, ancient, and logos, a word, discourse, doctrine, or science. Arquebuse, Harquebuse. The latter is a Cockney pronunciation of the original word arquebuse, which we have adopted from the French. The root of the first part of the word, is the Latin arcus, a bow. Balk, Baulk. The u has no more busi- ness in balk, than it has in calk, chalk, talk, or walk. The second form is, therefore, in- correct. Baluster, Banister. The second form, though a corruption of the first, is the one generally employed. The root is the Greek balaustion, the flower or blossom of the pomegranate. Basin, Bason. There is a disposition to write basin, when the word means a deep circular pond or dock, but bason, when the term is applied to a large deep bowl. There is no reason for this distinction. As well might a different orthography be sought for a sheet of water and a sheet of paper. Basin, a dock or pond, and basin, a bowl, are but different applications of the same word. The French is bassin, the Italian bacino. Calk, Caulk. The latter form is quito erroneous. See Balk. Camlet, Camelot. Usage and pronunci- ation are in favor of the former, though the latter, which we borrow from the French without change, is the proper form. Camomile, Chamomile. The 3econd form, though more in accordance with etymology, is seldom used. Camphor, Camphire. The first, which is the form generally used, h from the Latin camphora ; the second is from the French camphre. Canvass, Canvas. Some persons make a distinction between these words, applying canvass to the act of sifting or examining, and canvas to hempen cloth. But they are different applications of the same word, and should consequently be similarly spelled. The root is the Latin cannabis, hemp, also cloth made of hemp ; and as cloth made of hemp is, from the coarseness of its texture, used for straining or sifting, the term came to signify to search after and solicit rotes, aa at an election. Carabine, Carbine. The first, which has been transferred from the French to our language without change, is the proper form ; but the latter is beginning to be generally adopted. Chap, Chop. When applied to the hands, usage requires Chap, which is usually pro- nounced as if it were written Chop.* Checker, Chequer. There seems to be a disposition to return to the old ortho- graphy, but without reason. Those who write Chequer, should, to be consistent with themselves, write Paquet, Laqney, &o. We should also write CHECKER-work, and check, except when the word signifies an order for money (properly, the checking or correspond- ing cipher of a bank bill), which is now uni- versally written cheque. Chemist, Chymist, Chimist ; Chemistry, Chymistry, Chimistry. I have given these words the places which custom has assigned them ; but without doubt, the first should be last, and the last first. Even supposing the word to be of Greek origin, analogy requires it to be written with y. But as Chimistry is evidently formed from the French Chimie, by the addition of the termination istry, as in TALMistry, it should be written with i. In the Italian and Spanish languages, too, the syllable in dispute is similarly written, viz. Chimica, and Chimin,. To this mav be added the authority of Webster :— " The orthography of this word (Chimistry) has undergone changes through a mere ignorance of its origin, than which nothing can be more obvious. It is the Arabic Kimia, the occult art or science, from Kamai, to conceal. This was originally the art or science called Alchimy." Choir, Quire ; Chorister, Quirtster. Quire and Quirtster are antiquated, and contrary to etymology. Coif, Quoif. The old orthography, Quoif, should, perhaps, be used, when the terra is officially applied, viz., to the cap of a ser- geant-at-law. The French is colffe ; whence also, coiffure, a head-dress. Comptroller. See Account. Connexion, Connection. Etymology, au- thority, and usage, deolare for the former. * Chap, Chop, and Chip, are of the same family. The root is perhaps the Greek xoxtoi, to cut. The confusion between Chap and Chop is produced by the broad sound of a, which approaches to o; as in hall, all, wall, &c. Hence chap and chop slabbih and SLOBBER. xliv ORTHOGRAPHY. Tb9 French is Connexion, and the Latin Connexio. Complexion is analogous in every respect, but no one writes it with ct.* Contre-Danse, Country-dance. The lat- ter orthography, which is nowf considered vulgar, arose from a misapprehension of the term contre, opposite, face to face. Control, Controul. Usage, pronuncia- tion, and etymology, decide for control, which is immediately from the French con- trdler. Cordovan, Cordwain. The first is the form most in use. It is derived from Cor- dova in Spain, the Corduba of the Romans. Cornelian, Carnelion. I prefer the first, because I am convinced the word is deriv- ed from the Cornelian or cornel cherry '" corna rubicunda"), and not from carna- lis, flesh {color). The French is Cornnline, the Italian Cornalina, and the Latin Cnr- neola onyx. Corpse, Corse. The latter orthography should never be used in prose. Corse is a poetic word. Cranch, Craunch. The first is the cor- rect form. Compare Stanch and its old form Staunch. Crawfish, Crayfish. A corruption of the French ecrevisse. the root of whi.-h is the Latin carabus, a crab. The first is the usual form. D4MASCENE, Damson. Custom is quite in favor of the latter, notwithstanding its incorrectness. We should at least write Damascene. The Latin is prunum Dama- scerLnm. Delft, Delf, Delph. Delft (ware), like China, owes its name to the place where it w^s originally made, namely, Delft, a town in the Netherlands. Demesne, Demain. These are quite dif- ferent words. The latter is a corruption of domain, which is through the French do- mainc, from the Latin dominium, a seigni- ory or lordship : whereas, demesne is deriv- ed from de mansio, and properly means that part of the estate attached to the mansion, or house, where the proprietor remains or resides. Demain uhould therefore be dis- carded from our vocabulary. Despatch, Dispatch. The latter ortho- graphy is generally used, notwithstanding its incorrectness. The etymology of the sylla- ble in dispute is at least certain, viz., the Latin de, as in decamp. In no other in- stance has dis or di the force given it in Dis- patch. Draught, Draft. Johnson rejects Draft, as a corruption ; but it is now proper! v ap- plied to a Draft for money, or to Draft troops, &c. * It may be said, the French of Ketlhction is Re- fiexion, aud why not follow the French orthography ? Mj answer is, Reflection was generally spelled with x, till Johnson declared for the present orthography, on the principle of the word being formed from refit ct. I; may be added, too, that there is no such word in latin 'as Reflexio. Had this been the case, Reflection would in ail probability have been written w th x, as its cognates are—flcxiUe, flexibility, flexure, &c. \ " Country-do nee" occurs frequently in theSpec- trjor S'ie Nos. 2 and 60. Ecstasy, Ecstaaj. The first is the more correct form. See Apostasy. Enclose, Inclo.-e. We derive this word from the French Enclos, not from the Latin Inclusus. We should therefore write En- close and Enclosure. Enigma, Mnigma. The first form is now generally employed. See jEdile. Entire, Intire. Both custom and ety- mology decide for Entire. It is derived directly from the French Entiere, not from the Latin Integer. Equery, Equerry. From the French ecuyer, a groom. Expense, Expence. Etymology, autho- rity, and analogy, declare fur Expense. The Latin is Expensa.* Gaol, Jail; Gaoler, Jailer. Etymology and authority are in favour of Gaol and Gaoler, which we derive from the French Gcole and Geolier.f Glaive, Glave. The first, which we have adopted from the French, is the form most used by our best writers. Gourmand, Go^nand, The first, which we have adopted from the French, is geno« rally preferred ; but we now always write gormandize and gonnandizer without the u. Graft, Graff. Graft is formed from the participle graffed ; as left from leaved, weft from weaved, cleft from cleaved, < As the first two are of different origin, either of them may be used with propriety. The latter, Pennant, is a corruption of Pendant, or perhaps the French Penon. Phial, Vial. Etymology and ttsage de- cide for Phial. The Latin and Greek is Phiala. Plaster, Plaister. The latter ortho- graphy is quite erroneous. * As Fnst, Fbspital, ffbspitality, &c. t As Inquisitive, inquisition, &c. t From the French gelee, the root of which is the Latin gelatins, frozen. § As in gelatine, gelatinous, &c. |t As in Practice and I'ruphecy. «! Thomson, in his Ftymons, derives Peddler from pied alter . but the analog) of the Language is alto- gether in favor of Peddle, and the common affix er, which denotes an agent or doer. Plat, Plot. The word is properly written in Plat form ; but grass-PLOT seems to be beyond correction. Poreblind, Purblind. The most proba- ble etymology of the disputed syllable of this word is the Greek *»*«>, blind. Pore- blind is therefore to be preferred. Porpoise, Porpus. From the Latin por- cus, a hog, and piscis, a tish. The latter is quite incorrect. Puny, Puisne. From the French puisne, the root of which is the Latin post natus. The latter orthography is never used, except when the term is officially applied, as to a junior judge. Rear, Here. There is a strong disposi- tion at present to use the latter orthography, which, if it were only to distinguish the word from rear, to raise or bring up, and rear, raw or underdone, should be encou- raged. The root of Rere is the Latin Retro, t being sunk, as in pere from patre, mere from aiatre, pierre from pktra, &c. Ety- mology, therefore, is in favor of Rere. Resin, Rosin. The latter is quite errone- ous. The French is resin, and the Latin resina. Analogy, too, is in favour of Resin, as Resinous, &c. Reticule. From the Latin reticulum, a small net. This word is often errone- ously pronounced, and sometimes written, Redicule. Ribbon, Ribon, Riband, Riban* The etymology of this word is disputed, and hence tho various spellings. As the French Ruban is, in all probability, the word from which ours is derived, Riban deserves the preference. Scissors, Scissars. There is a disposition at present to introduce the latter ortho- graphy, for which there is neither authority nor reason. Seamstress, Sempstress, Semstress. This term is nearly obsolete. The first is evi- dently the proper form. Sirup, Syrup, Sir op, Syrop. Tho ety- mology of thi3 word is doubtful, and hence the confused orthography. Usage, at pre- sent, is in favor of the first. Soder, Solder. The first of these words is from the French souder ; the second ia direct from the Latin, viz., solidare, to make solid, to mend or cement metal. Spa, Spaio. We are indebted for this word to Spa, a town in Germany, famous for its mineral waters. We should, therefore, write Spa. Spinach, Spinage. The first is to be pre- ferred, because derived from the Latin spin- acia. Sponge, Spunge. We derive this word from the Larin spongia. Spongb is, there- fore, the proper orthography. * Webster proposes Ribin, which he derives from the Welch rhibiu, a row or streak ; and adds, — " This word has no connexion with band, and Ch3 Common orthography is grossly erroneous." Menage derives Ruban from the Latin rubens, (t\x~ benus, rubanus,) red. " Pareeque les pius beaux rubans sont de eouleur de feu." We add, Be g»tti- but non disputandum. C2 xlri ORTHOGRAPHY. WORDS SIMILAR IN SOUKD, BUT DIFFERING IN SPELLING AND SIGNIFICATION.* It Is a shame for a man to be so Ignorant of this little art, a9 to he perpetually confounding words of like .ound and different signification ; the consciousness of which defect makes some men, otherwise of good {earning and understanding, averse to writing even a common letter. — F&anklin. Beach. Beech. Been. Beat. Beet. Beau. Bow. Beer. Bier. Bell. Belle. Berry. Bury. Bight. Bite. Birth. Berth. Blew. Blue. Boar. Bore. Board. Bored. Bold. Bowled. Boll. Bowl. Borne. Bourn. Borough. Burrow. Bough. Bow. Boy. Buoy. Braid. Brayed. Brake. Break. Brays. Braze. Bread. Bred. Brews. Broach. Brooch. Bruit. Brute. But. Butt. Buy. By. Cain. Cane. Call. Caul. Canon. Cannon. Cask. Casque. Cast. Caste. Cession. Chagrin. Shagreen. Chair. Char. Chock. Cheque. Chews. Choose. Choler. Collar. Chord. Cord. Chough. Chuff. Cite. Sight. Site. Clarke. Clerk. Clause. Claws. Climh. Clime. Close. Clothes. Coarse. Course. Complement. Compliment. Coquet. Coquette. Core. Corps. Creak. Creek. Crews. Cruise. Cue. Queue. Cygnet. Signet. Dam. Damn. Day. Dey. Dane, Deign. Dear. Deer. Dew. Due. Die. Dye. Doe. Dough. Does (doe). Doze. Done. Dun. Dost. Dust. Drachm. Dram. Draft. Draught. Ewer. Your. Fain. Faue. I Feign. Faint. Feint. Fair. Fare. Faun. Fawn. Feat. Feet. Fellow. Felloe. Feud. Feod. Fillip. Philip. Find. Fined. Fir. Fur. Flea. Flee. Flew. Flue. Flour. Flower. Fool. Full. Fore. Four. Fort. Forte. Forth. Fourth. Foul. Fowl. Frays. Phrase. Freeze. Frieze. Furs. Furze. Gage, Gauge. Gait. Gate. Gall. Gaul. Galloon. Galleon. Gild. Guild. Gilt. Guilt. Glaire. Glare. Gore. Goar. Gourd. Gored. Grate. Great. Grater. Greater. Grease. Greece. Greaves. Grieves. Groan. Grown. Grocer. Grosser. Grot. Groat. Hail. Hale. Hair. Hare. Hall. Haul. Hart. Heart. Heal. Heel. He'll. Hear. Here. Heard. Herd. Hew. Hue. Hugh. * The meaning of these words will be found in the subjoined Dictionary ; and In the Author's little work, called " The SpeUAng-Book Superseded," these, and all the other irregular words in the English language, ore fully explained, and illustrated by practical exercises. WORDS SIMILAR IN SOUND. xlvii Limb. Limn. Links. Lynx. Lo. Low. Loan. Lone. Made. Maid. Mail. Male. Main. Mane. Maize. Maze. Marshal. Martial. Mead. Mede. Meed. Mean. Mien. Meat. Meet. Mete. Metal. Mettle. Meter. Metre. Mewl. Mule. Mews. Muse. Might. Mite. Mighty. Mity. Mist. Moan. Mown. ' Moat. Mote. Nap. Knap. Naught. Nought. Naughty. Knotty. Nay. Neigh. None. Nun. Nose. Knows. Oar. Ore. O'er. One. Won. Pail. Pale. Pain. Pane. Pair. Pare. Pear. Palette. Pallet. Pall. Paul Panel. Pannel. Pause. Paws. Peace. Piece. Peak. Pique. Peal. Peel. Peer. Pier. Pencil. Pensile. Place. Plaice. Plain. Plane. Plait. Plate. Pleas. Please. Plum. Plumb. Pole. Poll. Pore. Pour. Practice. Practise. Pray. Prey. President. Precedent. Pries. Prize. Quarts. Quartz. Quire. Choir. Rain. Reign. Rein. Raise Rays. Raze. Rap. Wrap. Read. Reed. Read. Red. Reck. Wreck. Reek. Wreak. Rest. Wrest. , Right. Rite. Wright. Write. Rime. Rhyme. Ring. Wring. Road. Rode. Roe. Row. Room. Rheum. Root. Route. Rote. Wrote. Rough. Ruff. Sail. Sale. Sane. Seine. Satire. Satyr. Scene. Seen. Seine. Scent. Sent. Cent. Seal. Ceil. Seam. Seem. Sear or Sere. Cere. Seer. Sell. Cell. Shore. Sewer. Sink. Cinque. Size. Sice. Sighs. Slight. Sleight. Sloe. Slow. So. Sow. Sew. Soar. Sore. Sold. Soled. Sole. Soul. Some. Sum. Son. Sun. Stair. Stare. Stake. Steak. Steal. Steel. Step. Steppe. Stile. Style. Straight. Strait. Suite. Sweet. Sutler. Subtler. Tacks. Tax. Tail. Tale. Tare. Tear. Team. Teem. Tear. Tier. Teas. Tease. Their. There. Threw. Through, Throe. Throw. Throne. Thrown. Tide. Tied. Time. Thyme. To. Too. Two. Toe. Tow. Told. Tolled. Ton. Tun. Tray. Trait. Trey. VaiL Vale. Veil. Vain. Vane. Vein. Wade. Weighed. Wail. Wale. Wain. Wane. Waist. Waste. Wait. Weight. Ware. Wear. Way. Weigh. Weak. Week. Weather. Wether. Wood. Would. Wrought. Rot. Wry. Rye. Yoke. Yolk. Yew. You, Ewe. DERIVATION. Derivation is that part of Etymology winch treats of the origin and primary signification of words. Words are either Primitive or Derivative. A primitive word cannot be reduced or traced to any simpler word in the language; as man, good. Primitive words, from which deriva- tives are formed, are called roots. A derivative word can be reduced or traced to another in the lan- guage of greater simplicity ; as manly, goodness. Derivative words are formed from their primitives : — 1 . By the addition of letters or syllables. 2. By the omission of letters, or contraction. 3. By the interchange of equivalent or kindred letters. All words having prefixes or affixes, or both, are examples of the firot process. All Avords which undergo what grammarians call aphae- resis, syncope, or apocope, are examples of the second process of deri- vation. For examples of the third process, see the words under the head of " English Etymologies" (page li). The meaning of a word is either primary or secondary. The primary meaning of a word is that in which it was first or originally applied. A word can have but one primary, but it may have several secondary meanings. Though in several instances the primary meaning of a word has been lost, or is no longer in use, yet in general it will be found to pervade all its secondary or figurative applications. Many words considered as primitives or roots in English, are deriva- tives from the Latin, Greek, and other languages. To the Latin language, in particular, the English is indebted for a large portion of its vocabulary. In proof of this the reader is referred to the Dictionary of Derivations. A prefix is a significant particle, generally an inseparable preposi- tion, prefixed to a word to vary or modify its signification ; as un in un- just, mis in mistake. An affix or termination is a significant particle or syllable added to a word to vary or modify its meaning; as Jul in harmful, less in harmless. PREFIXES AND AFFIXES. ENGLISH OR SAXON PREFIXES. I Fork, (before) ; as foresee, forewarn, A. at, to, or on ; as afield,* that is, at, or /oretell. to the field ; afoot, orafoot ; aboard, on- Mrs, not, wrong or error; as wwtake, board ; ashore, onshore. I »»»conduct. Be. This prefix is merely the verb to be; ! Oct, beyond, superiority ; as outiixe, out- as oefriend, that is, to be a friend to; be- \ run - token, to be a token or mark; oespeak, to | Over, above, beyond; as overcharge, over- speak or order a tiling to be prepared ; be- \ reach. dewed, being dewed or covered with dew. Un > not > llko the Latin in ; as un- Be usually gives a transitive signification to , spcakabla, meltable ; wwwilling, mvolun- verbs ; as become, fcestridi EM,t to make ; as enable, to make able. En is sometimes changed into em; as em- bark, empower. For, negative or privative ; as forbid, to bid not, or prohibit ; forget, not to get or have in recollection. * " flow jocund (lid they drive their team afield." f En. In some words, en is used both as a prefix . •ad an ajfix; as in cjtlighten, enliven, embolden. I Leep/rowi t;iry. Up, motion upwards; as Wjostart : also, subversion ; as upset. With, from, against ; as withdraw, with- stand. LATIN PREFIXES. A, ab, abs, from ; as avert, to turn from } absolve, to f ico from ; abstain, to bold OX PREFIXES AND AFFIXES. xlix An,* to; as advert, to turn to; adverb, a part of speech added) to a verb. Ante,! before; as antecedent, going be- fore. Bis, Br, two ; as bisect, to cut or divide into two; biped, a £w>o-footed animal. CiRcini, circu, about or around; as c/r- cwwjacent, lying around; circulate, to carry rowwd. Con, with or together; as coracourse, a running together. Contra, against ; as contradict, to speak against, or to the contrary. Contra some- times takes the form of counter, as in coun- teract. De, down, from, of; as descend, to come down ; depart, to part from ; describe, to write of or concerning. Drs, di, asunder, apart, or separated from; (and hence its negative force) not; as disjoin, d/smember, d/.vplease. E, ex, out of; as eject, to cast out ; ex- clude, to shut out. Extra, out, beyond; as extraordinary, beyond ordinary or common. In, when prefixed to a verb, has its usual meaning, in, into ; as mject, to cast in or mto ; but when prefixed to an adjective, it "iieans not ; as mfirm, not firm, or weak. Intkr, between ; as intervene, to come between. Intro, to within ; as m^roduce, to leadfo within. Juxta, nigh to; as juxtaposition, position nigh to. Ob, in the ivay of, against ; as obvious, Obstacle, object (to cast or urge against). Per, through, thoroughly or completely ; as pervade, to go through ; perfect, tho- roughly made, or complete. Post, after; as postscript, written after. Pr.e, before ; as precede, to go before ; predict, to foretell. Pro, forth, or forward ; also, for, or in- stead of; as protrude, to thrust forward ; pronoun, for or instead of a, noun. Re, back or again ; as revert, to turn back ; reform, to form again, to remodel, to improve. Rktuo, backward ; as retrospect, a look- ing backward or on the past. Se, aside or apart ; as secede, to go apart or withdraw from. Sub, under ; as subset ibe, to write under ; *'«oterranean, under ground. * Ad. — The final letter of a preposition in compo- sition usually becomes the same as the initial letter of the word to which it is prefixed. Thus ad be- comes ac, as in accede ; a/,as in a/fix; ag, as in ag- gression ; al, as in ailude j an, as in announce; ar, as in arrogate; as, as in absent; and at, as in at- tract. This change is made to please the ear. For the same reason, con is frequently changed into co, cog, col, com, cor ; as coheir, connate, collect, com- press, corrupt; k, ex, into ec, ef, el; as in eclipse, effulgent, eHipse; in, into yi, il, hn, ir ; a3 in ig. noble, iUicit, immerge, irruption; ob, intoo, oc,6f, op; as in on.it, occur, offer, oppose ; sub, into sue, ruf, rug, sup, stis ; as in success, »w/fuse, s-ugn est, suppose, sus\ eml ; and svn, into sy, ayl, sym ; as in ostein, *//(!. .L'isui, ^gwipathy. f A nte. In anticipate, the e in ante has been cor- rupted into i. Sit'er,* above or over; as supernume- rary, above the number. Trans, beyond; as transport, to carry beyond. GREEK PREFIXES. A,f not or without ; as apathy, without (jjathos) feeling ; abyss, ivithout a bottom.^: Amphi, about, on both sides ; as amphi- theatre, a theatre with seats about or circu- lar ; amphibious, living in both, that is, both on land and in water. Ana, again or back ; as anabnptism, that is, baptism again or a second time ; ana- lyse, to resolve or loose (into the compo- nent parts) again ; ♦araachronism, (dated back or earlier than the occurrence, ) an error in chronology. Aim, against; as antidote, given against or to counteract. Apo, from ; as apostle, (sent from,) a mis- sionary ; apostate, one who stands from or abandons his profession or party; apology, a word or discourse from, an excuse or justifi- cation; (sometimes apo becomes aph, as in aphelion.) Auto, self; as autograph, self written (as " an autograph letter from the Queen") ; autobiography, a biography or history oi one's self. Cata, down ; as cataract, a vratex-fall. DrA, through ; as diameter, a line passing through the middle ; diagonal, a line passing through a parallelogram from one angle to the opposite ; dialogue, a discourse (passing from one side to the other) between two. Epi, upon ; as epidemic, upon the people, or very prevalent ; epilogue, a word or speech wpora, or immediately after, the play. Hyper, above; as hypercritical, over- critical. Hypo, under ; as hypocrite, one who keeps under or conceals his real sentiments ; hyphen, a mark used to bring two words 01 syllables under or into one. Meta, bei/ond ; as metaphor, a carrying of, or applying, a word beyond its propel meaning. Para, beside, from ; as paragraph, a writing beside ; parallel, beside one another ; parasol, keeping the sun from ; paradox, from or contrary to the general opinion (a seeming contradiction). Pkri, round about; as periphery (cir- cumference). Syn, isym) together with ; as sympathy, suffering with, or compassion. AFFIXES OR TERMINATIONS. [It is impossible in every case to ascertain the exact force, or even general import of an affix or termination. Several of them seem to have different, and even contradictory meanings, and in some cases they appear to * Super. ITence sur (through the French) ; as sur- base, above the base; «i*rtout, over all; surmount, stirpass, &c. t A. Before a vowel, a becomes an ; as o-narchy without government ; anonymous, without a name. $ The dark, unbullomed, infinite alryas. — Milton DERIVATION. be merely paragogic, that is, they lengthen the word without adding to the meaning. Teachers should recollect this, and not, as many of them do,* require their pupils to assign a meaning to every affix which occurs.] Able, ible, ble, or ile, implies having ability or power to do what the word to which it is attached signifies ; as portaeZe, fit or able to he carried ; defensive, that which can, or is ableto be defended ; doci'Ze,f able or fit to be taught ; ducvi'Ze, that which may be, or is fit to be drawn out. Aceous, consisting of, resembling ; as herbaceous, testaceous, crustaceous. Acy, implies doing, or the thing done ; also, state or condition ; as conspiracy, leg- acy, celibacy, prelacy. Age, ation, tion, ion, denote the act of doing ; the thing done ; state or condition ; as carriage, passage, marriage, bondage, creation, position. Al, an, ory, ic, id, ile, ine, denote be- longing or pertaining to ; as naturaZ, duc«Z ; European, collegian, Christian ; prefatory, introductory; public, theoretic; timid, luc- id; alkaline, feminine; infanti'Ze, mercant- ile. See Ary. Ana, denotes sayings or anecdotes of; as Walpoliana, Johnsoniawa (of Walpole — of Johnson). Ard, state or character ; as dotard", one in a state of dotage ; sluggard, one who slugs or indulges in sloth ; wizard, a wise man or sage. Ary, implies pertaining to, or one who is what the word to which it is attached signi- fies ; as military, adversary, missionary. Ary, ery, or ory, implies ?lso a set or collection of; as library, aviary; nursery, rookery, knavery, repository, dormitory. Ate, in some cases, signifies to make ; as in renovate, invigorate, abbreviate. Dom, implies dominion or possession, state or condition ; as kingdom, Christendom, martyrdom, freedom, wisdom. Ee, usually denotes the person in a passive state, or as the object of the action ; as (lessor, the person who lets or gives a lease) lessee, the person to whom a lease is made ; patentee, trustee, committee (a certain num- ber of persons to whom some inquiry or charge is committed). En, denotes made of; also, to make ; as wooden, golden ; blacken, brighten. Com- pare FY and ize. Er$ or or, denotes the agent or person acting ; as doer, writer, actor, professor. Ess, the feminine termination of a noun ; as princess, lioness, duchess, actress. Ful denotes full of, or abounding in ; as '*ope/nZ, artful, joyful. * This observation is specially intended for ttie teachers of the National Schools. f Docile. In such cases rue is a cont-action of ible, and must be distinguished from the adjective termi- nation ilb, which denotes similitude ; as pueriZe, like a boy, infantile, like an infant. t Er. In a few words this termination has be- come eer, iter, or ar ; as auctioneer, engineer, spin- fter : liar, beggar. Fv, denotes to make ; as magnify, pur\/y, beautify, notify. See En and Ize. Head or Hood, implies state or degree? as godhead, maidenhood, boyhood, manhood, priesthood. Ish, implies belonging to ; like or re- sembling ; having a tendency to ; as British, Irish, boyish, greenish, thievish. * Ism, denotes sect, party, peculiarity, or idiom ; as Calvinism, Jacobinism, Latinism, vulgarism. 1st, denotes skilled in or professing ; as botanist, florist, artist, naturalist, linguist. Ite, a descendant or follower of; as Is- raelite, Jacobite. Ive, has usually an active signification ; as defensive, offensive, persuasii/e, arfhesii/e. Ize, denotes to make ; as fertilize, general- ize, civilize. Compare En and Fy. Kin, a diminutive affix, meaning akin to, or like ; as lamMi'n, manikin, pip/tin. See Ling. Less, denotes privation, or to he without ; as joy Zess, careZess, harm less. Like or ly, denotes likeness or simili- tude : as godZi'Are or godZy, gentlemanZi'Ae or gentlemanZy. Ling, cle, el, et, or ock, expresses dimi- nution, endearment, contempt ; as gosling (little goose), foundling (a little child or infant found), darling (little dear), under- ling, -worldling, particZe, satcheZ, pocket, hillock. Ment, implies the act or doing of; also, state or condition ; as acknowledgment, con- tentment. Ness* denotes the prominent or distin- guishing qualities ; state or quality of being ; as goodness, greatness, whiteness. Ory. See Al and Ary. Ose, denotes full of; as verbose, full of words. Ous, implies having or consisting of; as dangerons, bilions, ambitions. Rick, implies rule or jurisdiction ; as bishopries. SHip.f denotes office, state or condition ; as chancellors^, lordship, fellowship, friend- ship. Some, denotes some of, or in some degree ; as troublesome, venturesome, quarrelsome. Tide, denotes time or event ; as noontide, Whitsuntide. Tude, ty, or ity, implies being or state of being; as gratiZwde, multiZnde, fortitude; ability, adversi'Zy ; noveky, anxiety, honesty, liber/y. Ward, means turned or in the direction of; as toward (turned to}, forward (fore- ward), backward. Uke, implies doing or being ; state or condition ; as manufacture, captnre, Script- ure, exposnre, displeaswre. Y, implieshaving or aboundingin ; as (stone) stony, (wealth) wealthy, (wood) woody. * Ness properly means a promontory; as Lang- ness, the Naze, &c The root is the Latin nasut, the nose. t Ship properly means the shape or form (as In landscape, for \a.ndshape) , and hence, the prominent or distinguishing quality. ENGLISH ETYMOLOGIES. ENGLISH ETYMOLOGIES. The great importance of a knowledge of the Latin and Greek roots, by which the vocabulary of the English language has been so much en- riched, is now universally admitted. In almost every spelling-book and grammar now published, copious lists of them are given; while English Etymology, properly so called, is comparatively neglected. It seems to be forgotten that a similar use may be made of primitive Eng- lish words. The following will serve as an introduction to the subject. EXAMPLES OF DERIVATIVE WORDS FORMED FROM THEIR ROOTS BY THE ADDITION OF LETTERS OR SYLLABLES. Nib, Drip, Scribe, Crumb, Roam, Game, Cramp, Gripe, Curd, Side, Stride, Wade, Wrong, Wbet, Nibble. Dribble. Scribble. Crumble. Ramble. Gamble. Crumple. Grapple. Curdle. Sidle. Straddle. Waddle. Wrangle. Whittle. Wring, Bog, Wry, Wrest, Stray, Hack, Hack, Wink, Spark, Track, Throat, Shove, Rough, Pose, Wrinkle. Boggle. Wriggle. Wrestle. Straggle. Hackle. Higgle. Twinkle. Sparkle. Trickle. Throttle. Shuffle. Ruffle. Puzzle. Verbs of this formation are called fre- quentatives, because they imply a fre- quency or iteration of small acts. Nouns of this formation are called diminu- tives, because they imply diminution ; as, Bind, Hand, Ruff, Round, Spin, Thumb, Stop, Lade, Bundle. Handle. Ruffle. Run die. Spindle. Thimble- Stopple. Some frequentative verbs are formed by adding er to the primitive word ; as, Steep, Nib, Gird, Tread, Shoot, Ladle. Saddle. Steeple. Nipple. Girdle. Treadle. Shuttle. Beat, Spit, Spit, Pest, Climb, Batter. Sputter. Spatter. Pester. Clamber. Gleam, Wend, Long, Hang, Whine, Glimmer. Wander. Linger. Hanker. Whimper. The large classes of nouns which are form- ed from the past participle, and also, from the old form \-eth\ of the third person singu- lar of verbs, are examples of the second and third process, that is, of contraction, and in- terchange of kindred letters. EXAMPLES OF NOUNS FORMED FROM TH3B PAST PARTICIPLES OF VERBS. Joined, Joint.* Feigned, Feint. Waned, Want. Bended, Bent. Bended, Rent. Gilded, Gilt. Weighed, Weight. Prayed, Fright. Mayed, Might. Bayed, Bight. Cleaved, Cleft. Weaved, Weft. Thieved, Theft. Thrived, Thrift. Shrived, Shrift. Drived, Drift. Gived, Gift. Rived, Rift. * Joined (joiu'd, joind), Joint; and In like ner, the others. Graffed, Graft. Held, Hilt. Haved, Haft. Flowed, Flood. Haved, Heft. Flowed, Float. Deserved,Desert. Cooled,* Cold. NOUNS FORMED BY CONTRACTION FROM THE OLD THIRD PERSON SINGULAR OF VERBS. Healeth, Health, Stealeth, Stealth. Wealeth, Wealth. Groweth, Growth. Troweth, Troth. Troweth, Truth. Breweth, Broth. Beareth, Birth. Breathe thB reath Girdeth, Girth. Dieth, Death. Tilleth, Tilth. Smiteth, Smith.f Mooneth, Month. Bake, Batch. Wake, Watch. Hack, Hatch. Make, Match. Break, Breach. Speak, Speech. Seek, Beseech. Poke, Pouch. Some nouns have been similarly formed from adjectives ; as, Deep, Depth. Wide, Width. Long, Length. Broad, Breadth. Strong, Strength. Slow, Sloth. Young, Youth. Warm, Warmth. Merry, Mirth. Dear, Dearth. EXAMPLES OF THE INTERCHANGE Ot i KINDRED LETTERS. Dike, Ditch. Stick, Stitch. Nick, Notch. Crook, Crouch. Mark, Marches, pi. Stark, Starch. Milk, Milch. Kirk, Church. From the natural^ tendency in all lan- guages to abbreviations, long sounds in sim- ple or primitive words, usually become short in compounds and derivatives. In the lists of words here given, several examples may bo found ; and the following are additional : Vale, Valley. Wild, Wilderness. Shade. Shadow. Wise, Wizard. Grain, Granary. White, Whitbread. Clean, Cleanse (e). Fore, Forehead. Dear, Dearth. Know, Knowledge. Please, Pleasant. Holy, Holiday. Seam, Seamstress. Import, Important. Zeal, Zealous. Goose, Gosling. Sheep, Shepherd. Coal, Collier. Spleen, Splenetic. Foul, Fulsome. Vine, Vineyard. Sour, Surly. Prime, Primer. Boor, Burly. Behind, Hinder. House, Hustings. Wind, Windlass. South, Southerly. * The irregular verbs, as they are called, are addi- tional examples of this tendency in the language. t "Whence Cometh Smyth, albe he knight or sijuire, But from the smith that tmiUfli at the fire." Vebstkgjiv. t Because we wish to coir.munioate our ideas wj : b. as much quickness as possible. C o lii DERIVATION. This is an important principle in pronun- ciation, as well as in derivation. We some- times hear the fore in forehead pronounced four, as in the simple word, instead ot for, as it should be in the compound ; also chas- tity with the long sound of a, as in chaste, instead of chastity. Compare humane, hu- manity ; nation, national ; serene, serenity ; divine, divinity ; conspire, conspiracy ; pro- nounce, pronunciation, &c. In English, as in all other languages, there are families of words, that is, words allied 1 in derivation and meaning ; as bind, band, bandage, bond, bound, boundary, bundle. Beat, batter, battery, bat, baton, beetle. i Drop, droop, drip, dribble, dripping, dsip- ! ping-pan, drivel. Srp, supper, sop, soup, ' sip. Spit, spittle, spout, sputter. Sup, ' slop, slope, slipper. Heal, health, hale, hail (to wish health, to salute). Bow, bough, i booth (bowcth, or made of boughs), bay. i Basis, base, abase, debase, abasement. Feed, food, fodder. Foot, feet, fetter, fetlock. I Head, heed, hood. Many of the preceding words are etymologically explained in the following List : — Abase, to lower; to debase or degrade. See Base. Abate, to bent down ; to lower ; to lessen or diminish. Bate is another form of the same word. Acorn, the corn or berry of the oak. Compare Auck\:ind, that is, 0<;Arland. Adieu.* An elliptical expression, equiva- lent to " I commend you (a) to ( Dieu\ God." Compare the phrase " Good-bye," a con- traction of God be with you. After, a comparative from aft,\ behind. Agast, aghast. These words airier in their etymology and meaning. Agast is from agazed, and means to gaze on with amazement ; aghast is to look pale and frightened as if one had seen a. ghost. Ail, seems to be another form of the word ILL, which is contracted from EVIL, as the Scotch term deil from devil. Compare our phrase, " What ails you?" with the French, " Oil arez-vou3 malt" Ai.deuman, another form of eldermzn. Compare Senator. Almost, that is, most all} nearly. Aloft. On loft, that is, lifted up, on high. Alone. All one, that is, entirely by one's self. We sometimes hear ''all" re- doubled ; as " all alone." Hence, also, lone, lonely, &c. " He made his mone Within a gardeine all him one."— Gowbr. Aloof, from all off, that is, entirely off, or away from ; remote ; apart. Also, that is, so all; in like manner, likewise. Amass, to bring to the mass or heap ; to accumulate. Amount, to mount or ascend. " The amount" is what the entire sum ascends or rises to. Ant, an abbreviation of emmet. Appal, to make pale with fear ; to terrify. A ppbasb, to bring to peace; to pacify. Appraise, to set a price or value on. Arrears, that portion which remains (in the rear) behind or unpaid. * Some of the ettmoi-ootes given in this list are, aki'.s, not English : but they are such as can be understood by an English scholar, t AJt and auafl are still used at sea. Ash-Wednesday, tho first day of Lent ; so called from the ancient custom of sprink- ling ashes on the head on that day. Atone, to make to be at one ; to recon- cile ; to expiate. " If they were wroth she woMe bringen them at one, So wise and ripe wordes hadde she." — C'jiaucer. Bacon, swine's flesh baked [Oaken) or dried by heat. Bairn, another form of boren or born ; from the verb to bear. Bairn is a Scotch term for a child. " They say bairns are blessings." — Shakspearr. Baft, a bit or bite of food put upon a hook to allure fish ; and hence, a temptation. Hence, bait, to stop at an inn for the pur- pose of taking (a bit or bite) a hasty refresh- ment. " The sun that measures heaven all day long, At night doch bait his steeds the ocean waves among " Spenser. " Aa one who in his journey baits at noon." AllLTOH. Bandy, to beat to and fro ; to give word for word. From bandy, an instrument bent at tho bottom, for striking balls at play. Bandy-legs, uneven, bending, or crooked legs. " Do you bandy looks with me, you rascal ?" " To bandy hasty words, to scant my sizes." SllAKS Barricade, barrier, are so called be- cause maue or fortified with bars. See Em- bargo. Base, the lowest part, or foundation ; a low, deep sound in music ; low, mean, worthless. Baste, to beat with a baton* or cudgel ; to give the bastinado. To baste meat is to beat or rub it with a stick covered with fat, as was formerly the custom. Batch, the number of loaves baked at the same time. Compare the words similarly formed, page li. Batter, a frequentative of beat. Hence, battery, battle, battle-door, bat, combat, debate. Bauble, a baby or child's plaything; a gewgaw. Bay, a palm or date tree branch ; the color of the fruit of that tree, and hence a * Baton was formerly written basioiu ENGLISH ETYMOLOGIES. liii biy color. Hence, bayard, properly a bay horse ; and bay salt (so called from its brown color). Bay, a bending or curving of the shore ; a portion of the sea encompassed or surround- ed by the land, except at 'the entrance. Bay window (usually and properly written Bow), a window curving outward, and thereby forming a kind of bay or hollow in the apartment. Hence, bight,* an old word for bay ; as the Bight of Benin, the Bight of Biafra. Bay is another form of BOW. Bayonet, so called from having been first made in Bayonne, in France. Beam. A sxvn-beam, the beam of a ba- lance, and a beam of timber, are evidently different applications of the same word. Compare Ray and Radius. Beaver, a hat made of the fur of the beaver or castor. Bkdla-m, originally the hospital of St. Mary Bethlehem, which was opened in Lon- don in 1545, for the reception of lunatics ; but the term is now generally extended to all mad-houses or lunatic asylums. Beef-eater, said to be a corruption of buff-tier, a term applied to yeomen of the guard, because their duty originally was. to stand at the buffet ', and attend upon the king while at dinner. Beetle, from the verb to beat, because used for beating or pounding. A beetle is a heavy-looking! and clumsy instrument, and hence the terms "beetle-headed," that is, with ahead as thick as a beetle; "beetle- browed," having a brow heavy and over- hanging like a beetle. This common house- hold word has been also beautifully extended to poetry ; as, " The cliff That beetles o'er his base into the sea." Shakspkask. Where the hawk High in the beetling cliff his aery builds." Thomson. Behalf, seems to be a corruption of be- toof, which means to a person's profit or advantage. Behold, to hold or keep the eyes fixed upon ; and hence, to look steadfastly on. Beholden, the old form of the past par- ticiple of the verb to hold. Compare bound, obliged, and obligated. Belong, from be and long, to lengthen ; to stretch out ; to reach ; to attain to ; to get possession of; and hence, to belong to. Bereave, from be and reave or rive, to take away from ; to plunder or rob. Between, between twain or two. See Twin. Bewilder. To be bewildered is to he puzzled and perplexed, like a person in a wilderness, who does not know which way to turn. See Wild. Bib, Bumjer, from the same root as im- * Right la formed from bayed, as fright from frayed, mioht from rruiyed, and tight from tied. Biaht, with sailors, means a turn or coil of a rope. \ Some beetles wire so beav) that It required three men to manage them, as appears by the term " three-riui/n. beetle," in rihukspeire. bibe, to drink in. Bib is properly a cloth tucked under the chin of a child when it drinks or feeds. Bill, the beak of a bird ; a kind of battle- axe with a hooked point ; a kind of cleaver. Bill, a written paper of any kind, as an account of money ; a law submitted in writ- ing to Parliament, which, when passed, is called an Act. Hence, billet, a small note or paper in writing. To billet soldiers is, f note their names, &c, in a bill, or piece of writing ; and hence, to send them to their quarters or lodgings. Blade, the. sharp or cutting part of a knife or weapon ; the fiat bone of the shoulder- Hence, a leaf of grass or corn, from its re- semblance to the cutting part of an instru- ment, has been called a blade. A sharp, koen, knowing person, is also called a blade; but this application of the term is vulgar. Bloat, from blowed (blow' d, blowt, bloat), as float from flowed. Bloated, blown out ; swollen or puffed out. Blow, a stroke ; a sudden event ; an un- foreseen calamity ; to puff like the wind ; tc swell or put forth blossoms. Board,* a broad piece of timber ; a table ; the deck or floor of a ship ; a council or commission sitting at the same board or table. To board a person is to entertain him at our board or table. Boggle, to stick as if in a bog ; to hesi- tate ; to be in doubt. Bond, that by which a person is bound. Booth, from boweth ; as broth from breweth ; truth from troweth, &o. A booth properly means a house made of boughs ; and hence a temporary house. "And Jacobe toke his journey towarde Siieoth, and bylt him an house, and made boothes for hij cattle." — Genesti xxxiii. Old Translation. Bough, from bow, to bend, because it bows or bends from the stem or trunk. Bout, from bow (bow'd, bout). Another bout means another turn. " In notes with many a winding bout Of linked sweetness long drawn out." — Miltos. Bow, to bend the body as a mark of re- spect, is a different pronunciation and appli- cation of the word bow, an instrument for discharging arrows. Box, a kind of tree ; a case made of wood (properly boxwood) ; an enclosed or circular seat, as a box in a theatre, the box of a coach. Brace (to embrace, to hold tightly), to hind. Two or a pair ; as a brace of par- tridges. Like the word couple, brace seema to have acquired this signification from the custom of bracing or coupling two dogs, or pieces of game, together. Bread, from brayed, past participle of bray, to pound or break. Bread properly means brayed corn. Brinded, brindled, other forms ef the word branded. The skin or hide of a brinded cat, or brindled cow, is marked with brown streaks, as if branded, or burned in. * Board is derived from broad, by the metathesis of r ; as in the following corruptions: crub for curb, cruds for cards, party tor pretty, Ace. liv DERIVATION. Broach, from troche, a spit ; and hence, any sharp-pointed instrument, as a punch or borer ; a bodkin or needle. To broach a vessel is to pierce it with a broach or sharp- pointed instrument, for the purpose of draw- ing or letting out the liquor ; and hence the phrase, to broach a doctrine or opinion, which means to utter or publish it for the Irst time ; just as the term, when applied to the cellar, means to draw or produce liquor new, or untasted before. Broach, or hs it is usually written, brooch, is the same word. From the broche or pin (the most important part) the term was naturally transferred to the whole ornament. In fact, the broach, like most other ornaments, had its origin in utility. The savages, who were accustomed to tag their garments with thorns,* and our more refined ancestors, who used wooden pins or skewers for the same purpose, may be said to have worn broaches. For a description of the ancient broach, see the song called "The broach of Lorn" (in the " Lord of the Isles," canto iL), and the interesting notes which accom- pany it. " A brooche she bare upon her colere 4.s broad as is the bosse of a bocklere."— Chaucer. Hence, brocade (brocata), from the broche or needle used in the embroidery ; and brochure, a stitched book (broche) or pamphlet. Brood, the number bred at one time. " To brood over," is a beautiful metaphor from a bird sitting constantly and anxiously over its eggs, till they are brought to ma- turity. Burly, for boorly, that is, like a boor. Compare surly (for sourly) from sour. Bex is derived from be out, and usually means except, that is, take or leave out. In Scotland this word is still used in its primary meaning. The but of a house, for example, means the be-out or outer apart- ment, as the ben means the be-in or inner one. " Boots but spurs," means boots with- out spurs ; and " Touch not the cat but a glove" (the motto of the ancient clan Chat- tan,] whose crest was a wild cat), means without the gauntlet, or armed glove. Butt, the point or mark to be aimed at ; a person at whom jests are aimed or directed. Cambric, from Cambray, because noted for its manufacture. Compare calico, from Calicut ; damask, from Damascus ; dia- per, from d' Ypres ; dimity, from Dami- etta, &c. Canvas, cloth made of hemp,% which, from the coarseness of its texture, is often used for the purposes of straining and sift- ing; and hence, the act of sifting, searching after, and soliciting votes before an election, has been called canvassing. This word is no w written canvass. * Omuibus sagum fibula nut si desit, spina con- eornim.— Tac. Genn. 1 7. Consertum tegmen spinis. — Virrj. f See Scott's "Fair Maid of Perth," chap, x., «ol. 2. t Canabis, Latin. Casement, a window opening in a case at frame. Cashier, the person in a mercantile esta- blishment who has charge of the cash. Cast, to throw i to throw or pour into a mould or form ; and hence, cast (the thing moulded or formed), a model, shape, or form. Cavalierly, haughtily ; like a cavalier, I or trooper. Cavalier, cavalry, and chiv- alry, are different forms and applications of the same word. Cess, abbreviated from assess. Cess is the amount of taxes assessed or rated. Chandler, a maker and seller of candles. Hence also chandelier, a branch for candles. Charge, a load, properly of a car; a bur- den ; and hence, something given in charge ; a trust. Hence, charger, a large dish which holds, as it were, a load of meat ; and charger,* a large, strong horse, and there- fore able to carry a more than ordinary weight. To charge a jury is, to lay before them the whole weight of the evidence ; to charge the enemy is, to attack them with all our weight or force ; and to charge and dis- charge a gun, are evidently to load and un- load it. Cargo is another form of the same word. "A fault in the ordinary method of education, is the charging of children's memories with rules and precepts." — Locke. " What a sigh Is there !— That heart is sorely Shakspeabe. Chase (put for enchase), to set in a case or frame ; as a precious stone in gold. To adorn by embossed or raised work. Check, from echecs, the French for a chess- board. Hence also the terms exchequer , chequer, and cheque. The Exchequer was so called from the chequed cloth re- sembling a chess-board, which covers the table there ; and because this oourt was originally established to call the king's debt- ors to account, the term check came to sig- nify to examine into accounts ; and hence, to control or repress. Chequed cloth, or check, is crossed and variegated, something like a chess-board (echecs), and a chequered life is a varied and diversified one. Chilblain, from chill and blain. A chil- blain is a blain or blister produced by cold. " Botches and blaint shall his flesh emboss." Milton. Clamber, a frequentative from climb. See page li. Closet, a small or close apartment ; a pri- vate room. Clumsy, from clump (clumpsy), and hence heavy, shapeless, awkward. * Charger. Gibbon, in his description of the knight of the Crusades, says : " The lance was the proper and peculiar weapon of the knight ; his horse was of a large and heavy breed; but this chargzh, till he was roused by the approaching danger, was usually led by an attendant, ami he quietly rode a pad or palfrey of a more eas) [.ace. The light cavalry of the Turks and Arabs could seldom stand against the direct and impetuous weight of their cuAnaE."-- Chapter lviii. ENGLISH ETYMOLOGIES. IV CoMB, an instrument for dressing or orna- menting the hair ; also, the crest of a cock ; so called from its fancied resemhlance to a comb.* Comely, coming together ; and hence, fitting, suitable, decent, graceful. Compare BECOMING. Confine. See under Fine, page M. Consistency, uniformity or agreement with self. Degree of denseness or rarity ; as, hoiled into the consistency of sirup. Coop, originally a cask or barrel ; and hence, the term cooper, a maker of coops. The name was also given to cages or enclo- sures for poultry, &c. ; and hence, to coop up, came to signify to shut up, or confine within narrow limits. Corn, seeds or grains which grow in ears, not in pods ; grain unreaped ; hence, corn, to sprinkle or throw grains of salt on meat ; and hence, to salt slightly. An excrescence on the foot of a corneous or horny substance. Count, to reckon or compute ; any thing summed up or reckoned ; as, a count in an indictment. Count, a foreign title ; an earl ; originally the governor or lieutenant of a county. Countenance, the contents of the face ; the whole features taken together. Counter, a bench on which money is counted or received ; a piece of fictitious money used for keeping count or reckoning. Contrary to ; as, to counter&ct. Court, the residence of a king, or of his representative ; the hall or chamber where justice is administered. Hence court, to solicit with courtly attention ; to woo. Craft, trade ; manual art or handicraft ,• and henoe, art, artifice, cunning. Hence, craft, a small 6hip (engaged in craft or trade). " And because he was of the same craft, he abode with them, and wrought." — Acts xviii. 3. " If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning." — Psalm cxxxvii. Crane, a bird with a long beak ; also, a long bent tube for drawing liquor out of casks. Hence, crane, an engine for raising weights ; so called from its overhanging shape and capacity to pick up objects. Craven, one that has craven or craved his life from his antagonist. Crimple, crumple, frequentatives from cramp, a eontraction or drawing together. See page li. Cripple, from creep. A cripple is some- times obliged, as it were, to creep along. Crop, to cut short or close. Hence, crop, that which has been cropped or cut off; the harvest cut down ; and bence, the produce of the field. Cross, to lay one body, or draw one line across or athwart another. To cross the channel is to go across in a straight line. To cross a person is to thwart or cross him in his purpose ; and a person disposed to act so is called cross or perverse. * Comb. '* Iteoause it standeth lagged like the teeth ot a combe," says Muvsuew. "Erom its pec- tinated indentures."— Johnso*. Crouch, to crook or bow down. Crutch is another form of crook, and means a staff fol crouching or stooping old men. Crotchet is from the same root. Crow, a well-known bird. " To pluck a crow," would be to lose our labour for no- thing, for crows are not eaten ; and hence the phrase (which is now vulgar) came to signify to lose our time in disputing about a matter of no consequence, even if decided. This kind of disputation was called by the Romans de lana caprina, that is, a contro- versy about goafs wool, or nothing. Hence, crow, an iron bar (with a beak like a crow) used as a lever. Compare crane, a siphon. Cud, that is, what has been already cheived (chew'd). Quid is another form of the same word. Curd, curdle, from crude, by meta- thesis of the letter r. See note on Board, page liii. Dam, the mother of an animal. Dame is another form of the same word, and was formerly used in the same sense.* Damson, for Damascene, from Damascus. Dappled, marked with round spots, like apples ,* spotted. Date, of a letter, that is, the time when it was given from under our hands ; the time of any event. Dawn, for dayen; the beginning or break of day. Deal, to divide, share, or parcel out ; as, to deal cards ; to retail or sell in small por- tions or quantities ; to trade or traffic. A division, share, or quantity ; as, a great deal, that is, a great share or portion. Fir planks are called deals, perhaps from being dealed or divided, equally from the trunk, as cards from the pack. Dear, esteemed or beloved ; much prized or valued ; and hence, expensive or costly ; for things which are highly prized, or much valued, are always dear. Darling, for- merly dearling, means little dear ; as gos- ling means little goose. Deck, to cover; to clothe; to adorn ; in the last sense, perhaps, put for decorate, as phiz is vulgarly used for physiognomy. Hence, deck, the floor of a ship (that which covers the hull). Deed, any thing that is do-ed or done. See page li. Desert, that which one has deserved or merited. (Deserved, deserv'd, desert.) " Not my deserts, but what I shall deserve." Desert, to forsake or leave deserted. Diet, an assembly ; as the German Diet, held for enacting laws, and regulating the mode of government. Food or regimen regulated by the rules of medicine; and hence, food generally. " To fast like one that takes diet" (that Is, to ab- stain like one confined to a prescribed regimen).— Shakspeark. Dismay, from dis, as in disarm, and may, to bo able. To be deprived of might ; and hence, to be discouraged and terrified. * In Paradise Lost Eve is called " UuiversalsAMS Ivi DERIVATION. Doff, to do or put off; to lay aside. Compare don (to do on). Doom, that which is deemed or adjudged. Doomsday, the day of judgment. Draughts, a game in which the men are played by being draughted or drawn along the' hoard'. Draw, to drag or draw along, as a horse does a car. Draw (that is, the brush or pencil along the paper), to delineate or portray. Drawingroom, an apartment for with- drawing or retiring to. Drawl, to draw out one's words slowly and affectedly. Dray, a heavy cart, originally without •wheels ; so called from being drawn or dragged along. Droop, to drop or hang down the head ; to languish. Elder, the comparative of the obsolete word eld, old. Older and Alder (man) are the same words differently spelled. Ell, properly means an arm ; whence elbow, the bow or bend of the arm. The Ell English was fixed by the length of the king's arm in. 1101, (Henry I.) See Nall, page lx. Embargo, a prohibition of trade or com- merce ; to detain vessels in a harbour, by laying a bar or boom across its mouth ; to prevent or prohibit vessels from leaving or entering a port. Em hark, to go into a bark or ship; to put to sea ; and hence, to engage in a hazard- ous undertaking or enterprise ; to engage in any affair. Embarrass vto oppose a bar or obstacle), to obstruct ; to perplex or confuse. Embroider, to border or ornament with raised figures of needle-work. For the me- tathesis of the letter r, see note on Board, page liii. " Among the thick-woven arboreta anrl flowers, EmOurdcred on each bank — the work of Eve." Milton. Endeavour, to do one's devoir or duty ; to exert one's self. Engross, to take the gross or whole ; to monopolize ; to copy in gross or large characters ; as in records or law writings. " All our praises why should lGrds engross? Rise, honrst Muse, and sing the man of Ross." " A clerk, foredoom d his father's soul to cross, Who pens a stanza when he should engross." — Popb. Enlist, to enter on a list or roll the names of persons who engage themselves for military service. Etiquette, a ticket, or small card, on which the forms and ceremonies necessary to be observed at court, &c, on particular oc- casions, were inscribed. Hence, "accord- ing to etiquette," means according to the ticket (that is, " according to the card"), or prescribed form. Express, to press out; to utter or send out words ; to pronounce or declare. To send out or off speedily ; a message so sent. Facade, the face or front of a building. It is pronounced J'aA-sad'. Fag, one that does the coarse or hcary work ; a drudge. To be fagged is, to bo weary from over-work ; and the fug-end is the coarse or inferior end. Fair, pleasing to the eye or mind ; as a fair lady, a fair day, fair conduct ; also, favorable; as a. fair wind. Fallow, a yellowish-red ; and hence, the term has been applied to fallow-deer, and fallow-ground, that is, ground turned up by the plough and left unsown. Hence, to lie fallow is to be unoccupied. Fancy, from phantasy ; as frenzy, from phrensy ; palsy, from paralysis ; and proxy, from procuracy. Farthing, from four thing, a division into four parts. Fellow, one of the same society; as a fellow of college ; and hence, an equal, a match ; as one glove is said to be the fellow of the other. This word is also used in con- tempt ; as companion formerly was. " Away ! scurvy companion." — Shakspeare. Festoon, originally a garland worn at a feast ; but now an ornament in architecture, in the form of a wreath or garland of flowers. Fetlock, from foot and lock; which means either the joint that locks or fastens the foot to the leg, or the lock of hair that grows behind the pastern of a horse. Fkttkr, properly chains or shackles for the feet ; as manacles for the hands. Fifteen, from five and ten. Compare twe7ity (twain ten), thirty (three ten), &c. File, a thread of wire on which papers are strung to keep them in order. A cata- logue or roll. A line or rank of soldiers. To file a bill is to put it on the file of the court for trial in due order. File, to defile ; but now obsolete. " For TJanquo's issue have I filed my mind ; For them the gracious Duncan have I murdered." Fillet la little thread), a slight bandage ; a chaplet or band round the head. Hence, fillet, the thick part of a leg of veal ; so called from being usually trussed with a fillet, or slight bandage. " What with fillet* of roses, and fillets of veal, Things garni with lace, and things garni with eel." Fvdgv Family. Five, an end. Finish, to bring to an end, and hence, to perfect or complete. A finish- ed scholar, is a perfect, complete, or ac- complished scholar. A fine day, a fine lady, andfine cloth, are evidently different appli- cations of the same word. A fine in law is a sum of money paid for the purpose of put- ting an end to further proceedings. A con'- fine is an end or boundary ; and to confi'ne is to restrain within certain bouudsor limits ; to imprison. From the same root romes fines'se, which means too much fineness; and heme, suhtilty and artifice. Hence, also, finical, that is, too refined or nice; and hence, effeminate, foppish. First, the superlative of fore (as in be- fore, and forehead). Fore, forer, forest, for'st, first. Compare wore, worer, wor- est, worst. ENGLISH ETYMOLOGIES. lvii Flag, a -water plant -with a broad droop- ing leaf; to hang loose ; to droop ; to grow Spiritless. Flea, perhaps ivomfiee ; from its agility in escaping. Fodder, to gi vefood to ; from feed. Foible, a failing or weakness ; another form of FEEBLE. Fold, a double or plait. Twenty-/o/d means twent> doubled, or twice the number. Hence, man{/bZd, that is, many doubled, or very numerous. Hence, fold, a place in which sheep are (enfolded) enclosed. Foot, as the foot of a man ; the foot of a table; the fool (or lower part) of a moun- tain. A measure of twelve inches ; such be- ing the supposed length of the human foot. See Nail. Forkstal, to buy up provisions before they reach the stall or market ; and hence, to anticipate or hinder by preoccupation or prevention. Fohgk, to beat with the hammer into a particular shape or form ; to make or form. Hence, forge, to fabricate or counterfeit a writing in imitation of the original ; as, to forge a note ; to forge a signature. Forsake, not to seek ; and hence, to leave or desert. See page xlviii tor the prefix for. Fortnmght, from fourteen and night; as se'nnhjht is for se»e«night. Forward. See Ward, page 1. Found, to lay the ground- work 01 founda- tion ; to build or establish. Found, to form by melting into a mould ; as in a. foundry. Fret, to vex or agitate. To wear or eat away ; as "a moth fretteth a garment." Fribble, a frivolous or trifling peison; a fop. Compare DRIVEL from dribble. Froward, turned J torn, or perverse. Com- pare toward. Fulsome, from fouled some. See page li. Fume, to smoke ; to be hot with rage ; to vapour. Gad-fly, from goad and fly, as tad-pole is for toad-vole, that is, a young toad. Com- pare HORNET with gad-t\\. Game, sport or amusement of any Kind ; as a game or match at football ; to play (as a gamester or gambler! high. Animals, as partridges ami hares, which, by being shot or hunted, are said to afford game or sport to persons who are called J/wrtMiien. Ga.vg, a number of persons ganging or going together; as "the press -gang;" "a gang of robbers," &c. Gang-way, the way by which persons gang or go. Garner, from granary \>y metathesis of r. See note on Board, page liii ; also, Grain. Gin, an ;ibi reviation of Geneva. Gin, an ingenious contrivance ; a snare or trap. An abbreviation of engine. " Nor did he 'scape by all his engines." — Spenser. Gingerbread, so called from being spiced or flavoured with ginger. Goslinc, from goose and ling. Seo page 1. Grain, a single seed of corn ; and hence, any tbimr very minute or small ; as, a grain of salt. See Corn. Grain (like scruple, which originally meant a little stone!, a small weight. The grain of a body means the particles of which it is composed; and hence, the texture of cloth ; the temper or consti- tution of the mind. Grate, a range of bars ; as, a grate for fire, or the grating of a window. To rub against a rough uneven surlace ; as, to grate ginger. Grave, to engrave; to carve on a hard substance ; a hole graved or scooped out for the dead. " He died — and they unlocked his chain, And scooxjed lor bin. a hollow grave." The Pr'isone o/C/iillon. Graze, to crop or feed on grass. Hence, graze, to take the tops of the hair off in passing, as a bullet from a gun ; to touch the skin slightly in passing. Grenadk, primarily a rtome-granate , and from the similarity in shape, a small bomb or fire-ball. The tallest and strongest men in the regiment were formerly employed in throwing grenades, and hence, they were called grenadiers. Groat. This, now the smallest, was ori- ginally the largest of our silver coins, to which circumstance it owes its name groat, the old form of the word great. The groat was first coined in the reign of Edward III., and as it was four times the size of the silver penny, (till then the largest silver com.'l it was naturally called the groat piece, that is, the great piece or penny. Skinner,* while be derives its name from its great size, con- jectures that it was originally made of brass or iron ; but there is no necessity for this supposition, as it is only by comparison that things are great or small. When the groat made its appearance, it was four times as largef as the largest silver coin in use, - and this is sufficient to account for its name. It is worthy of remark that the French and Italians have denominated their groat grew,:!: grosso, that is, great. Compare groats for gruel ; large, coarsely-broken oats, not ground to meal. Grocer, from gross, a large quantity ; a grocer originally signifying a dealer that sells by the gross or wholesale. Grotesque. This term was originally ap- plied to figures found in the ancient grottos in Italy. Guinea, so called because first coined from the gold brought from Guinea, in Africa. * Skinner. Groat. Numisma qtioddam, a mag- nitinlhie sic dictum fortasse eniin ohm ex sere vel ferr.i cusum erac. t Twenty shillings originally weighed a pound, as the term denotes; but the same number of the pre- sent currency is only about one-third of that weight; and hence, we may infer that the groat originally was about three times its present weight, and from its thinness, between four and five times as large. " Our piece of fourpence, being formerly great (even as trreat as a shilling now is), was called a groat." — . Butler's English Grammar, lu"33, quoted by Todd, in his edition of Johnson. t Orns. Le nom de gros fut donne 1 a cette espece parceijue e'estoit la plus grossr rnoniioye d'argent (ju'il y east al rs en France. II pesoit ? deniers. sept | grains trebuchant. — Le Blanc, quoted by Menage. lriii DERIVATION. Gunnel, properly gunwale, from gun and wale, a ridge, a streak ; a rising or project- ing plank in the sides of a ship, through which the guns, when there are any, are pointed. Haft, is haved, hav'd, haft. The haft of a knife or poniard is the haved part ; the part by which it is held. Heft is another form of the same word ; and hllt, that is, held, is similarly derived. Hammercloth, from hamper and cloth ; the cloth that covers the coach-box. Under the seat of the coachman there was formerly a hamper, for market and other purposes, and the cloth that covered or concealed it was called the hamper cloth; whence ham- mercloth. Hamper, a large basket used for package. Hence, hamper, to put obstacles in one's ■way ; to clog or embarrass. Hanger, a short sword ; so called because it hangs or is suspended from the side. Hare-brained, wild, unsettled. Com- pare the adage, " as mad as a March hare." Harier, now written harrier, a hound for hunting hares. Heed, to give one's head or mind to. Hermetical, hermetic. From Hermes Trismegistus, the imagined inventor of che- mistry. Hermetically sealed means che- mically sealed ; air-tight. Higgle, probably another frequentative from hack, and meaning to cut as with a blunt instrument, and therefore to be long about a thing. Compare the word decide, which means to cut off at once. See Hack, page li. Hind, as hind legs, "behind. Hence, hinder, to keep behind or back ; to ob- struct. Compare to forward.* Holster, another form of holder. Com- paro rhymer and rhymster ; spinner and spinster ; singer and songster, &o. See TJPHOLSTERER. Hood, a covering for the head. Hound, a dog tor hunting with. Com- pare mound and mount. Husband, probably from house and band; as being the stay or support of the family. Hence, husbandman, a farmer or tiller of the ground ; and husbandry, tillage or cul- tivation ; thrifty management or economy. " The name of a hwband, what is it to say ? Of wife and the household the band and the stay." Tl'sskb. " There's husbandry in heaven, their candles are all out." — Shakspkarb. Huswife, from house and wife. Ill, a contraction of evil. See Ail. Imagine, to form an image or likeness of any thing in the mind ; to fancy or conceive that a thing is so. Impertinent, not pertaining or relating to ; and hence unfit ; unbecoming ; intru- sive. Incense, -perfume drawn out by fire. Hence, incense, to inflame with anger. Indenture, a deed or covenant, so named, * Forward (for /oreward), to bring in front ; to advance or promote. because the counterparts are indented ot notched, so as to correspond. Inform, to represent to the mind or con- ception the form or idea of a thing ; and hence, to convey or impart ideas ; to instruct. See the following quotation from Chaucer, for a happy explanation of this word : — " Enformed when the king was by the knight, And hath conceived in his mind aright The manner and the form of all this thing." " There's no such thing; It is the bloody business which informs Thus [forms or presents itself thus] to mine eyes." Shakspeaeq. Jack, the diminutive of the proper name John ; and hence applied to any thing small. Jack was formerly a common name for little boys ; and hence, the terms bootjack and jackspit, which, from having been originally applied to the little boy whose business was to pull off the boots and turn the spit, were naturally given to the instruments substi- tuted for the purpose. A jack, or Jack- anapes, is a pert, conceited, little fellow ; a jack-snipe is a small snipe ; and s. jack-da,w is a small species of crow. To these may be added jack-piVe, jacket, jackaen. The two latter are double diminutives ; the one from the French (jaquette), the other from the Irish (jackeew). Jest, an abbreviation of gesture. A jest is properly a gesture or grimace to excite mirth. Jet, a beautiful black fossil. Hence, the expression, as black as jet. Jockey, the diminutive of the Scotch term Jock, or Jack, and hence, a little boy ; also a horse-rider ; because boys or small persons are usually employed for that pur- pose. Hence jockey, to trick, to cheat; because jockeys or horse-riders are noted for such propensities. See Jack. Jot or iota, the smallest letter in the Greek alphabet, and hence applied to the smallest quantity of any thing. Jovial, F. ; born under the influence of j the planet Jupiter [Jove] ; gay ; merry. Compare the derivations of saturnine and MERCURIAL. *' The jovial star reignedat his birth." — Shakspkarb. Kerchief. This was formerly written couvrechef which leads us to its etymology, Damely, the French couvrir, to cover, and chef, the head. A kerchief, therefore, is properly a covering, or dress for the head; a veil. Hence, handkerchief, a kerchiefs or loose cloth for the hand. " Hire litel child lay wepin? in her arrae, And kneling piteously to him she \\\fy. LATIN AND GREEK ROOTS. lxix Facims, easy to be done; easy. Facile, facility, facilitate, faculty, difficult, diffi- cultly, difficulty, &c. Fallo, to deceive, to mistake ; falsus, deceived. Fallible, fallibility, fallacy, falla- cious, fallaciousness, false, falsely, falseness, falsehood, falsify, falsifier, falsification, in- fallible, infallibly, infallibility, &c. Fama, fame, renown, repute. Fame, famous, defame, defamer, defamation, de- famatory, infamy, infamous, &c. Fanum, a shrine, a temple. Fane, fana- tic, fanatical, fanaticism, profane, profaner, profaneness, profanity, profanation, unpro- faned, &c. Faveo, to favour. Favour, favourer, fa- vourite, favouritism, favourable, favourable- ness, unfavourable, &c. Fendo, to keep ojf, to strike ; fensus, kept off. Fend, fender, fence, fencible, fencing, defend, defender, defendant, de- fence, defenceless, defensible, defensive, in- defensible, inoffensive, inoffensiveness, of- fend, offender, offence, offensive, offensive- ness, undefended, unoffending, &c. Feko, to bear or carry, to suffer ; latus, borne. Ferry, fertile, fertility, fertilize, circumference, confer, conference, defer, de- ference, differ, difference, different, diffe- rential, infer, inferable or inferrible, infe- rence, Lucifer, mammiferous, offer, offering, offertory, pestiferous, prefer, preferable, pre- ferablenes3, preference, preferment, proffer, refer, referable or referrible, referee, refer- ence, somniferous, soporiferous, suffer, suf- ferer, sufferance, suffering, transfer, transfer- able, vociferate, vociferous, &o. See Latus. Fessus, confessed. Confess, confessor, confessedly, confession, confessional, pro- fess, professedly, profession, professional, professionally, professor, professorial, pro- fessorship, &c. Fides, faith. Bond fide, confide, confi- dant, confidence, confident, confidential, diffidence, diffident, infidel, infidelity, per- fidy, perfidious, fidelity, affiance, defy, defi- ance, &o. Figura, a shape, an image. Figure, figu- rative, disfigure, disfiguration, effigy, pre- figure, &c. Fingo, to form or fashion ; fictus, feign- ed. Feign, feigner, feint, fiction, fictitious, unfeigned, &c. Finis, the end, a limit or boundary. Fine, finery,* final, finish, finite, affinity, confine, confinement, define, definable, de- finite, definition, definitive, indefinite, in- finite, infinitive, infinitude, infinity, refine, refinement, superfine, unconfined, unfinish- ed, &o. Firmus, firm, strong. Firm, firmness, firmament, affirm, affirmative, affirmation, confirm, confirmation, confirmatory, infirm, infirmary, infirmity, unfirm, &o. Fixus, stuck, fixed. Fix, fixity, fixture, affix, crucifix, crucifixion, postfix, prefix, transfix, infix, &c. Fumma, a flame, a blaze. Flame, flam- beau, flammable, fiammability, inflame, in- * Finery. See Fine, page lvi. flammable, inflammability, inflammation, inflammatory, &c. Flecto, to bend, to turn, to change} flexus, bent. Flexible, flexibility, flexile, flection, flexion, flexure, circumnect, cir- cumflex, deflect, inflect, inflection, inflex- ible, inflexibility, reflect, reflection, reflect- ive, reflex, &c. Fligo, to beat, to strike ; flictus, struck. Afflict, affliction, afflictive, conflict, inflict, infliction, &c. Flos (floris), afiotver, a blossom. Flora, Florence, florid, florist, flour, flourish, flower, floweret, flowery, &o. Fjluo, to flow; fluxus, flowed. Fluent, fluency, fluid, fluidity, fluxion, flux, afflu- ence, affluent, confluence, confluent, con* flux, defluxion, effluvium, effluvia, influence^ influential, influx, reflux, superfluous, su« perflux. Forma, form or shape, a figure. Form, formal, formality, formation, formula, for- mulary, conform, conformable, conforma- tion, conformist, conformity, deform, de- formity, inform, informal, informalits, in- former, informant, information, misinform, nonconformity, nonconformist, perform, per- former, performance, reform, reformer, re- formation, transform, transformation, uni- form, uniformity, uninformed, &c. Fortis, strong, valiant. Fort, forte, fortify, fortification, fortitude, fortress, com« fort, comforter, comfortable, comfortable- ness, comfortless, discomfort, discomfort- able, effort, force, forcible, forcibleness, en- force, re-enforce, re-enforcement, uncom« fortable, uncomfortableness, unfortified, &c. Frango, to break ; fractus, broken. Frangible, infringe, infringement, fraction, fractional, fracture, fragile, fragility, frag- ment, fragmentary, frail, frailty, infraction, refract, refraction, refractive, refractory, re- fractoriness, &.O. Frons (frontis), the forehead. Front, frontal, frontier, frontispiece, frontlet, af- front, confront, effrontery, &c. Fugio, to flee ; FVGiTvs,fied. Fugacious, fugacity, fugitive, centrifugal, febrifuge, re- fuge, refugee, subterfuge, &c. Fundo, to pour out, to melt ; fusus, poured out. Found, foundery or foundry, fuse, fusible, fusion, confound, confuse, con- fusion, diffuse, diffusion, diffusive, diffusive- ness, effuse, effusion, infuse, infusion, pro- fuse, profusion, refund, refuse, refusal, suf- fuse, suffusion, transfuse, transfusion, &c. Fundus, the bottom. Found, v., founder, foundation, fundament, fundamental, pro- found, profundity, unfounded. Gelu, frost, ice. Gelatine, gelatinous, gelid, jelly, congeal, congealable, congela- tion, &c. Genus (generis), a race or family, a, kind or sort. Gender, general, generality, gene- ralize, generalization, generalissimo, generic, generate, generation, generative, generator, generous, generousness, generosity, genial, genius, genitor, genteel, gentile, gentility, gentle, gentleness, gentleman, gentry, genu- ine, genuineness, congenial, congenialness, congeniality, degenerate, degeneracy, dia d2 Ixx DERIVATION. ingenuousness, engcndor, ingenious, ingenr- ousness, ingenuity, ingenuous, ungenerous- ness, primogeniture, progeny, progenitor, regenerate, regeneration, ungenerous, unge- nial, ungentlemanlike, unregenerate, &c. Gebo, to carry, to bear, to bring ; gestus, carried on. Gerund, gest, gestation, ges- ticulate, gesticulation, gesture, jest,* jester, belligerent, congeries, congestion, digest, di- gestible, digestion, digestive, indigestible, indigestion, suggest, suggestion, undigested, vicegerent, &c. Gradior, to go step by step, to go ; gres&us, stepped, gone. Grade, gradation, gradient, gradual, graduate, gradation, ag- gression, aggressive, aggressor, congress, de- grade, degradation, degree, digress, digres- sion, digressional, digressive, egress, egres- sion, ingredient, ingress, progress, progres- sion, progressive, regress, retrograde, retro- gression, transgress, transgression, transgress- or, transgressive, undergraduate, &c. Grajvdis, great, grand, lofty. Grand, grandness, grandeur, grandee, grandilo- quence, grandiloquous, aggrandize, aggran- dizement, &.O. Granum, a grain of corn. Grain, granary, granite, granivorous, granule, granuious, granulate, grenade, grenadier, ingrained, pomegranate. Gravis, heavy, weighty. Grave, grave- ness, gravid, gravitate, gravitation, gravity, £rief, grieve, grievance, grievous, aggravate, aggravation, aggrieve, &o. Grex (gregis), & flock, a herd. Grega- rious, aggregate, congregate, congregation, congregational, egregious, &o. Habeo, to have, to hold ; habitus, had. Habiliment, habit, habitable, habitation, habituate, habitual, cohabit, exhibit, exhi- bition, inhabit, inhabitable, inhabitant, in- hibit, prohibit, prohibition, prohibitory, un- inhabitable, uninhabited, &c. H^ereo, to stick to, to adhere; hmsvs, adhered. Adhere, adherence, adherent, co- here, coherence, coherent, cohesion, cohe- sive, cohesiveness, hesitate, hesitation, in- coherence, incoherent, inhere, inherence, inherent, &c. ILeres (h-erSdis), an heir. Heir, heir- ess, heirless, heirloom, heritable, heritage, heredkable, hereditary, coheir, coheiress, disinherit, inherit, inheritable, inheritance, inheritor, &o. Horreo, to be rough as with bristles, to he dreaded. Horrent, horrible, horrible- ness, horrid, horridness, horrific, horror, abhor, abhorrence, abhorrent, &c. Hospes (HOSPiTis),a host; &guest. Host, hostess, hospitable, hospitableness, hospital, hospitality, hostel or hotel, hostler or ostler, inhospitable, ore. Humus, the ground. Exhume, exhuma- tion, humble, humbleness, humiliate, humi- liation, humility, inhume, posthumous, &c. Image, an image or picture. Image, imagery, imagine, imaginable, imaginary, imagination, imaginative, imaginable, &c. * Jest. A Jest U properly a gesture, or grimace, to Impero, to command. Imperative, 1m* perial, imperialist, imperious, imperiousness, emperor, empress, empire, &o. Insula, an island. Insular, insulated, isle, islet, island, isolated, peninsula, &o. Ira, anger. Ire, ireful, irascible, irasci- bility, irritable, irritability, irritate, irrita- tion, &c. Jacio, to throw or cast ; jectus, thrown. For the derivatives ofth is word, see page Jxiv. Judex (judicis), a. judge. Judge, judg- ment, judicatory, judicature, judicial, judi- ciary, judicious, adjudge, adjudicate, adjudi- cation, extrajudicial, injudicious, misjudge, prejudge, prejudice, prejudicial, unpreju- diced, &o. Jungo, to join ; junctus, joined. Join, joiner, joint, junction, juncture, junto, ad- join, adjunct, conjoin, conjoint, conjunctly, conjunction, conjuncture, disjoin, disjunct, disjunction, disjunctive, enjoin, injunction, rejoin, rejoinder, subjoin, subjunctive, ua- jointed, iko. Juro, to swear. Juror, juryman, jury, abjure, adjure, conju're, con'jure, conjura- tion, conjurer, nonjuring, perjure, perjurer, perjury, &c. Jus (juris), right, law, justice. Jurist, juridical, jurisdiction, jurisprudence, injure, injury, injurious, uninjured. Justus, just, upright. Just, justice, justify, justifiable, justification, unjust, &o. Labor, labor, toil. Labor, laborer, la- borious, laboriousness, belabor, elaborate, laboratory, &o. Latus, brought or carried. Collate, col- lation, elate, illative, legislate, legislation, legislator, legislature, oblate, oblation, pre- lacy, prelate, prolate, relate, relation, rela- tive, superlative, translate, translation, trans- lator, &c. Latus, wide. Latitude, latitu- dinarian, &o. Latus (lateris), the side. Lateral, late- rally, collateral, collaterally, equilateral, quadrilateral, &c. Lavo, to wash ; lotus, washed. Lava, lavatory, lavation, lave, laundress, laundry, lotion, &o. Laxus, loose. Lax, laxity, laxness, laxa- tive, prolix, prolixity, relax, relaxable, re- laxation, &o. Lego, to gather or select, also, to read ; lkctus, gathered or selected, read. Legend, legendary, legible, legibleness, legibility, legion, lecture, lecturer, lesson, ool'lect, col- lect', collection, collector, collective, dialect, eclectic, elect, election, electioneering, elec- tive, elector, electoral, eloquence, elegant, elegit, eligible, eligibility, illegible, illegi- bility, predilection, pre-elect, prelection, re- collect, recollection, re-elect, select, selec- tion, &o. From its compounds, diligo, come diligence, diligently, &o. ; intelligo, intelligence, intelligent, &c. ; negijgo, ne- gligence, negligent, &c. Levo, to raise or lift up ; levatus, lifted up. Leaven, Levant, levee, lever, leviable, levy, alleviate, alleviation, elevate, eleva- tion, irrelevant, relevant, relief, relieve, &c. Lex (iegis), a law. Legal, legality, le- galize, legislate, legislation, legislative, 1c- JLAXIW AND GllEEX ROOTS. Lxxi gislator, legislature, legitimacy, legitimate, rilegal, illegality, illegitimate, privilege, law, lawful, lawyer, &o. Liber, free. Liberal, liberality, liberate, liberation, liberator, libertine, libertinism, liberty, deliver, deliverer, deliverance, illi- beral, illiberality, &c. Liber, a book. Library, librarian, &c. Libra, a pound, a balance. Librate, li- bration, equilibrium, deliberate, delibera- tion, &o. Liceo, to be lawful. Licit, licence, li- cense, licentiate, licentious, licentiousness, illicit, &c. Ligo, to bind, to tie. League, liable, lia- bility, liege, ligament, ligature, obligate, obligation, obligatory, oblige, disoblige, re- ligion, &e. Limes (limItis), a path, a boundary. Limit, limited, limitation, limitless, illimit- able, unlimited. Linea, a Line. Line, lineal, lineament, linear, lineage, curvilinear, delineate, inter- line, interlinear, outline, rectilinear, under- line, &c. Linquo, to leave ; licttjs, left. Delin- quency, delinquent, relinquish, relinquish- ment, derelict, dereliction, &c. Liquo, to melt, to be liquid. Liquor, liqueur, liquid, liquidate, liquidation, lique- fy, &c. Lis (lItis), strife, a lawsuit. Litigant, litigate, litigation, litigious, litigiousness, &c, Litera, a letter. Letter, lettered, literal, literary, literati, literature, alliteration, illi- terate, obliterate, obliteration, &c. Locus, a place. Local, locality, locate, location, locomotion, locomotive, allocate, allocation, dislocate, dislocation, &c. LoqruR, to speak ; locutus, spoken. .Loquacity, loquacious, colloquy, colloquial, elocution, eloquence, eloquent, grandilo- quent, grandiloquence, interlocutor, oblo- quy, soliloquy, soliloquize, ventriloquy, &c. Luceo. to shine, to be clear. Lucent, lucid, lueidness, Lucifer, elucidate, elucida- tion, pellucid, &c. Ludo, to play, to deceive ; lusus, played. Allude, allusion, allusive, collude, collusion, collusive, delude, deluder, delusion, delu- sive, elude, elusive, illurie, illusion, illu- sive, illusory, prelude, ludicrous. &c. Lumen, light. Luminary, luminous, il- lume, illumine, illuminate, illumination, relume, &e. Luna, the moon. Lunacy, lunatic, luna- tion, lunar, lune, lunette, sublunary, &c. MACEO, to be lean or thin. Macerate, maceration, meagre or meager, meagerness, emaciated. &c. Machina, a contrivance or device, a ma- chine. Machine, machinist, machinery, ma- chinate, machinator, &o. Magistkr, a master. Master, mastery, m*gistrat<-, magisterial, magistracy, &c. Magnus, great. Magna Charta, magni- tude, magnanimity, magnanimous, magnify, magnifier, magnificence, magnificent, mag- niloquence, main, majesty, majestic, majes- tical, major, majority, mayor, re- move, removable, removal, unmovable un- moved, &c. Mui/rus, many. Multifarious, multifa- riousness, multiped, multiple, multipliable, multiplicand, multiplicity, multiplier, mul- titude, multitudinous, &c. Munus (muneris), a gift, an office. Mu- nicipal, munificence, munificent, common, commonweal, commonwealth, commune, communicate, communication, communica- ble, communicant, communicative, commu- nicativeness, communing, communion, com- munity, excommunicate, excommunication, immunity, incommunicable, remunerate, re- muneration, remunerative, uncommon, un- communicative. Sec. Muto, to change ; mutatus, changed. Mutable, mutation, mutiny, mutineer, mu- tinous, commute, commutable, commuta- tion, immutable, immutableness, &c. Nascor, to be born, to spring; natus, born. Nascent, natal, nation, national, na- tionality, native, nativity, nature, natural, naturalist, naturalize, naturalization, natu- rals, non-naturals, cognate, denationalize, innate, preternatural, renascent, supernatu- ral, unnatural, &o. Navis, a ship. Naval, navy, navigable, navigableness, navigate, navigation, naviga- tor, circumnavigate, circumnavigation, cir- cumnavigator, &c. Necto, to bind, to knit; nexus, tied. Connect, connection or connexion, annex, annexation, annexive, disconnect, uncon- nected, &c. Nego, to deny ; negatus, denied. Nega- tion, negative, renege, renegade, nay, deny, denial, undeniable, &c. Neuter, neither of the two. Neuter, neutral, neutrality, neutralize, &c. Niger, black. Negro, negress, Nigritia, Niger, &c. Noceo, to hurt. Nocent, noxious, nui- sance, innocence, innocent, innocuous, in- noxious, obnoxious, &c. Nomen (nomints), a name. Nomencla- ture, nominal, nominate, nomination, nomi- native, nominator, nominee, noun, name, nameless, binomial, denominate, denomina- tion, denominator, ignominy, ignominious, pronoun, &c. Nosco, to know ; notus, knoion. No- table, notary, noted, notice, noticeable, notify, notification, notion, notorious, noto- riety, cognizable, cognizance, cognizant, con- noisseur, rec<>guise, recognition, reconnoitre, unnoticed, &c. Nota, a mark by which a thing can be known. Note, notation, annotate, annota- tion, annotator, denote, notation, &c. Novus, new. New, newness, news, novel, novelist, novelty, novice, novitiate, innovate, innovation, innovator, renew, renewable, re- newal, renovate, renovation, &c. Numerus, a number. Number, number- less, numbers, numerable, numeral, nume- rate, numeration, numerator, numerical, nu- merous, enumerate, innumerable, supernu- merary, &c. Nuxcius, a messenger ; nuncio, to tell or LATIN AND GREEK ROOTS. Ixxiii declare. Nuncio, announce, announcement, annunciation, denounce, denouncement, de- nunciation, enunciate, enunciation, pro- nounce, pronunciation, mispronounce, re- nounce, renunciation, unpronounced, &c. Nutrio, to nourish. Nutriment, nutri- mental, nutrition, nutritious, nutritive, nurse, nursery, nurture, nourish, nourish- ment, innutritious, &c. Octo, eight. Octave, octavo, octennial, October,* octagon, octagonal, octangular, &c. Oculus, the eye, a bud. Ocular, oculist, hinocle, binocular, monocular, inoculate,! inoculator, &c. OaiEV (oMiNis),a jj£», good or bad. Omen, ominous, abominate, abomination, abomi- nable, &c. Omnis, all. Omnium, omnibus, omnific, omnipotence, omnipotent, omnipresence, om- nipresent, omniscience, omniscient, omnivo- rous, &c. Opto, to wish. Optative, option, optional, adopt, adopted, adoption, &c. Opus (operis>, a work. Opera, operate, t operation, operative, operator, co-operate, co-operation, inoperative, &c. Orbis, an orb, a circle. Orb, orbit, orbi- cular, exorbitance, exorbitant, exorbitantly, disorbed, &c. Ordo (ordinis), order, rank. Ordain, ordained, order, orderly, ordinal, ordinance, ordnance, ordinary, ordinate, ordination, co- ordinate, disorder, extraordinary, extraordi- nariness, inordinate, insubordinate, insubor- dination, preordain, primordial, reordain, subordinate, subordination, &c. Orior, to rise; ortus, risen. Orient, oriental, orientalist, orientalism, abortion, abortive, abortiveness, origin, original, ori- ginality, originate, &c. Orno, to decorate, to adorn. Ornament, ornamental, ornate, ornateness, adorn, ad- ornment, suborn, subornation, &c. Oro, to speak, to pray, to beseech ; ora- tus, begged. Os (oris), the mouth. Oracle, oracular, orison, oral, orator, oratory, ora- tion, oratorical, oratorio, orifice, adore, ado- rer, adoration, adorable, exorable, inexora- ble, inexorableness, peroration, &c. Ovum, an egg. Oval, ovary, ovarious, ovi- parous, &c. Palatum, the taste, the palate. Palate, palatable, palatableness, palatal, unpalata- ble, &c. Palma, the palm tree ; also, the inner part of the hand. Palm, palmer, palmetto, palmy, palmistry,§ &c. See Palm, page Ixi. * October. The Roman year began in March, and hence, Sept ember, October, November, and December derive their names. Before the time of Julius and Augustus Caesar, July and August were called Quin- tims and Skxtilis, that is, the fifth and the sixth months. t Inoculate. To insert the [oculus) bud of one plant into the stock of another, for the purpose of propagation ; and hence, to generate the smali-pock by making an incision, and introducing the infected matter. ! Operate. Compare the original meaning of drama witli that of opera : also, the words actor and act. 9 Palmistry is the art or pretence of divining or telling fortunes, by examining the lines or marks on the palms of the baud. Pando, to open, to spiead ; PA2TSU8, spread out. Expand, expanse, expansion, expansive, expansibility, &c. Par, equal. Par, parity, pair, peer,* peer- ess, peerage, peerless, compare,! comparable, comparative, comparison, compeer, dispa- rage,! disparagement, disparity, incompa- rable, nonpareil, &c. Pareo, to appear. Peer, appear, § ap- pearance, apparent, apparition, disappear, disappearance, reappear, transparency, trans- parent, &c. Pario, to bring forth, to beget. Parent, parental, parentage, parturient, parturition, oviparous, viviparous, &c. Paro, to make ready ; paratus, pre- pared. Parade, apparatus, apparel, prepare, preparative, preparatory, repair, reparation, irreparable, &c. Pars (partis), a part, a share. Part, parboil, partake, partaker, partial, partial' ity, participate, participation, participle, participial, particle, particular, particular- ize, particularity, partisan, partition, part- ner, party, parcel, parse, portion, apart, apartment, apportion, bipartite, compait- ment, copartner, counterpart, d. part, depart- ment, departure, dispart, disparted, dispro- portion, disproportional, impart, impartial, impartiality, proportion, proportionable, proportional, tripartite, &o. Pasco, to feed. Pastor, pastoral, pasture, pasturage, antepast, repast, dec. Passus, a pace or step. Pace, pass, pass- able, passage, en passant, passenger, pass- over, passport, past, pastime, compass, en- compass, impassable, repass, surpass, tres- pass, &c. Pater, a father. Paternal, paternity, patriarch, patriarchal or patriarchic, patri- cian, patrimony, patron, patroness, patron- age, patronize, patronymic, parricide, parri- cidal, pater-nostvr, &c. Patior, to suffer ; passus, suffered. Pa,- tience, patient, passion, passionless, passion- ate, passive, passiveness, compassion, com- passionate, dispassionate, impatience, impa- tient, un impassioned, &c. Patria, one's country, fatherland. Par triot, patriotism, patriotic, compatriot, ex- patriate, expatriation. Pauper, poor. Pauper, pauperism, po- verty, poor, empoverish or impoverish, &c. Pax (pacis), peace. Pacify, pacific, paci- fication, pacificator, peace, peaceable, peace- ableness, peaceful, peacefulness, appease, appeasable, &c. Pecco, to sin ; pecatus, sinned. Pecca- ble, peccadillo, peccancy, peccant, impecca- ble, impeccability, &c. Pello, to drive, to thrust. Compel, com- pulsion, compulsive, compulsory, dispel, ex- pel, expulsive, expulsion, impel, impulse, * Peer. Thi3 term has been applied to the no- bility, because, though they may differ in rank or degree, their essential privileges are equal. t Compare is from comparo, to make equal with; to liken to. $ Disparage. To make unequal to ; to injure fay comparison with something of less value. § Peer is an abbreviation of appear. lxxir DERIVATION. impulsive, propel, propulsion, pulse, pulsa- tion, repel, repellent, repulse, repulsion, re- pulsive, repulsiveness, &c. Pendeo, to hang down. Pendant, pen- dent, pending, pendulum, pendulous, pen- Rant, pensile, append, appendage, appen- dix, depend, dependence, dependency, de- pendent, impend, impending, independence, independently, independent, perpendicular, perpendicularity, prepense, propensity, sus- pend, suspense, suspension, vilipend, &c. Pent>o, to hang weights, to weigh, to pay. Perpend, compensate, compensation, dis- pense, dispensary, dispensation, expend, ex- penditure, expense, expensive, indispensa- ble, pensive, pension, recompense, unpen- sioned, &c. Penetro, to pierce or enter. Penetrable, penetrability, penetrant, penetration, im- penetrable, impenetrability, &c. Penitet, to repent. Penitence, penitent, penitential, penitentiary, penitency, impeni- tent, impenitence, impenitency, repent, re- pentance, repentant, unrepenting, &c. Persona, a mask used by players ; a person. Person, personal, personate, per- sonation, personator, personify, personifica- tion, impersonal, impersonality, &c. Pes (pedis), the foot. Pedal, pedestal, pedestrian, pedicular, pedigree, cap-a-pie, expediency, expedient, expedite, expedi- tion, expeditious, impede, impediment, in- expediency, inexpedient, biped, multiped, quadruped, &e. Pestis, a plague, pestilence. Pest, pester, pestiferous, pestilence, pestilent, pestilen- tial, &c. Peto, to seek, to ask ; petitus, asked. Petition, petitioner, appetence, appetency, appetite, centripetal, compatible,* compati- bility, compete, competence, competency, competent, competitor, impetus, impetuous, impetuousness, impetuosity, incompatible, incompatibility, incompetency, incompetent, repeat, repeater, repeatedly, repetition, &c. Pilo, to pillage, to pilfer. Pilfer, pil- ferer, pillage, compile,! compiler, compila- tion. &c. Pingo, to paint ; pictus, painted. Paint, painter, painting, Picts,:t pictorial, picture, picturesque, pigment, depict, impaint, im- pietured, &c. Piscis, a fish. Piscatory, pisces, piscine, piscivorous, porpoise, § &c. Pius, pious. Piety, pious, impiety, im- pious, ira piousness, &c. Placeo, to please; placitus, pleased. Placid, placidity, placidness, please, plea- sant, pleasantry, pleasure, pleasurable, com- placence, complacency, complacent, com- * Compatible Is a corruption of competirle, which, savs Dr. Johnson, "is found in good writers, and ought always to be used." Compatibl" is properly applied to any object which maybe sought consistent fear. Timid, timidity, timo- rous, intimidate, intimidation, &c. Tingo, to tinge, to stain ; tinctus, tinged. Tinge, tincture, tint, taint, attainder, attaint, attainted, mezzotinto, untainted, &c. Titulus, a title, an inscription. Title, titular, titulary, disentitle, entitle, &c. Toi.kro, to bear or suffer. Tolerable, tolerance, tolerant, tolerate, toleration, in- tolerable, intolerance, intolerant, &c. Torpeo, to be torpid, or void of feeling. Torpedo, torpescent, torpid, torpidity, tor- por, &c. Torqu eo, to twist ; tortus, twisted. Tort, torso, tortile, tortoise, torture, torment, tor- tuous, contortion, distort, distortion, extort, extortion, extortioner, retort, &o. Totus, whole, all. Total, totally, totality, factotum, surtout, &c. Trado, to deliver, to hand down ; tradi- tus, handed over. Tradition, traditional, traditionary, traitor, traitorous, treason, trea- sonable, &c. Traho, to draw; tractus, drawn. Trace, traceable, track, tract, tractable, traction, trail, train, abstract, abstraction, attract, at- « Countenance (from continkns), the contents of the face ; the whole features-; taken together. t Terrier is a dog that follows his game under {ten-a) ground. i Contestis properly, to contend at law; the wit- ncs-es {testes) of both parties being brought together Kton), or face to face. tractable, attractability, attraction, attrac- tive, attractiveness, attractor, betray, con- tract, contraction, contractor, contractible, contractibility, detract, detraction, distract, distraction, distinctive, extract, extraction, intractable, intractability, portrait, portray, protract, retract, retraction, subtract, sub- traction, subtrahend, untractable, &c. Trbmo, to tremble. Tremor, tremulous, tremulousness, tremendous, tremble, &c. Tres, three. Triangle, trident, triennial, trilateral, trine, Trinity, Trinitarian, trio, tripartite, triple, treble, triplicate, trisect, trisyllable, triumvirate, triune, trivial,* &c. Tribuo, to give, to contribute. Tribute, tributary, attribute, attributable, contribute, contributory, contribution, contributor, dis- tribute, distribution, distributive, retribu- tion, retributive, &c. Tribus, tribe. Tribe,t tribunal, tribune, tribunitial, &e. TRiOiE, hairs or threads used to ensnare birds. Trick, extricate, inextricable, in- tricacy, intricate, intrigue, &c. Trudo, to thrust; trusts, thrust or push- ed. Abstruse, abstruseness, intrude, intru- sion, intrusive, obtrude, obtrusion, obtru- sive, protrude, protrusion, unobtrusive, &c. Tuber, a swelling or bump. Tuber, tu- bercle, tubercular, tuberose or tuberous, ex- tuberance, protuberance, protuberant, &c. Tueor, to see, to watch over, to guard, to instruct ; tutus, guarded. Tuition, tute- lage, tutelary, tutor, intuition, intuitive, un- tutured, &o. Tumeo, to swell. Tumid, tumor, tumu- lus, tumult, tumultuary, tumultuous, con- tumacy, contumacious, contumely, contume- lious, tumefaction, &c. Tundo, to beat, to bruise, to blunt. Con- tusion, obtuse, obtuseness, &c. Turra, a crowd, a disturbance. Turbid, turbulence, turbulent, disturb, disturbance, imperturbable, perturbation, perturbed-, trouble, undisturbed, &c. Turgeo. to swell. Turgid, turgidly, tur- gidness, turgidity, &c. Ultimus, last. Ultimate, ultimately, ultimatum, penultimate, penult, antepenul- timate, antepenult, &c. Umbra, a shade. Umbrage, umbrageous umbrella, adumbrate, penumbra, &c. Unda, a wave. Undulate, undulation, undulatory, abound, abundance, abundant, inundate, inundation, redound, redundancy, redundant, superabound, superabundance, superabundant, &c. Unguo, to anoint; unctus, anointed. x Trivial. From trivium, a place where three ways meet ; and hence, common, of little value. t Tribe. From tkihiis ablative of tres, three; be- cause the inhabitants of Rome were originally divided into three classes, perhaps to correspond with the three distinct people, namely, the Romans or follow- ers of Romuius, the Albans or natives, and their neighbours the Sabines. Hence, tribune, originally a magistrate set over a tribe; tribunal, the seat from which the tribune dispensed justice, and hence, a judgment-seat ; tribute, a tax or rate imposed on each tribe, and afterwards on every nation conquered by the Roman arms. Hence, also, tribuo, to give in tribes — to give generally ; whence contribution} retri~ bution, &c. lxsx DERIVATION. Unction, unctuous, unctuousness, unctuo- sity, unguent, &c. Unus, one. alone. Union, unique, unison, unit, Unitarian, unite, unity, unanimity, unanimous, unicorn, uniform, uniformity, univalve, universe, universal, universality, university, univocal, &c. Urbs, a city. Urbane, urbanity, suburbs, suburban, &c. Urgeo, to press, to force. Urge, urgency, urgent, urgently, &c. Urina, animal water. Urine, uriual, urinary, urea, ureter, urethra, diuretic, strangury, &c. Uro, to burn; tjstus, burnt. Adust, combustible, combustion, combustive, in- combustible, &c. Uxor, to use ; usus, used. Use, s., use, v., usage, usance, usual, usufruct, usurer, usury, usurious, usurp, usurper, usurpation, utensil, utility, utilitarian, abuse, abusive, disuse, disusage, inutility, misuse, peruse, perusal, unused, unusual, &c. Vacca, a cow. Vaccine, vaccinate, vacci- nated, vaccination, &c. Vaco, to be empty, to be at leisure. Vacancy, vacant, vacate, vacation, vacuum, vacuity, evacuate, evacuation, &c. Vado, to go; vasus, gone. Vade-me- cum, evade, evasion, evasive, invade, invad- er, invasion, pervade, wade, &c. Vagus, wandering. Vague, vagueness, vagabond, vagrant, vagrancy, vagary, extra- vagance, extravagancy, extravagant, &c. Valeo, to be well, to be strong. Vale- diction, valedictory, valetudinarian, valiant, valid, validity, valour, valorous, value, valu- able, valuation, valuator, avail, available, convalescence, convalescent, countervail, equivalence, equivalent, invalid, invalidity, invalidate, invaluable, prevail, prevalence, prevalent, unavailable, unavailing, &c. Valvje, folding doors. Valve, valvular, bivalve, bi valvular, univalve, &c. Vanus, vain, empty. Vain, vanity, va- nish, evanescence, evanescent, evanish, &c. Vapor, an exhalation, steam. Vapour, vaporate, vaporous, vapory, evaporate, &c. Varius, various, diverse. Vary, vari- able, variance, variation, varied, variegate, variety, various, invariable, unvaried, &c. Vastus, large, vast. Vast, vastly, vast- ness, vasty. Vasto, to lay waste. Devas- tate, devastated, devastation, waste, &c. Veho, to carry; vectus, carried. Vehe- mence, vehement, vehicle, vehicular, vete- rinary,* vex, f vexation, vexatious, vexatious- ness, convex, convexity, convey, conveyance, conveyancer, conveyancing, inveigle, in- vective, reconvey, unvexed, &c. Veli.o, to pull or pluck ; vulsus, plucked. Vellieate, vellication, convulse, convulsion, convulsive, convulsively, di vellieate, divul- sion, revulsion, &c. Velo, to cover with a veil; to conceal. * Veterinary. From veterinarhis. for jiefteterina- rius, properly one who cures the diseases of carriage or draught horses. f Vex. From veso, (to toss, to agitate), a frequen- tative of veho. Vail, veil, reveal, revealment, revelation, unveil, &c. Vena, a vein. Vein, veiny, venesection, venous, veneer,* &c. Vendo, to sell. Venal, venality, vend, vendor, vendee, vendible, vendibility, ven- dition, &c. VenSnum, poison. Venom, venomous, envenom, envenomed, &c. Veneror, to reverence, to venerate. Venerate, venerated, veneration, veuerable, venerableness, &c. Venio, to come to arrive; ventus, come. Vent, venture, venturous, venturesome, ad« vent, adventitious, adventure, adventurer, adventurous, avenue, circumvent, circumven- tion, circumventive, contravene, contraven- tion, convene, convenience, conveniency, con- venient, convent, conventicle, convention, conventional, covenant, covenanter, event, eventual, eventuate, inconvenience, incon- venient, intervene, intervent, intervention, invent, invention, inventive, inventor, in- ventory, misadventure, peradventure, pre- vent, prevention, preventive, revenue, super- vene, supervention, &c. Venor, to hunt. Venary, venation, ve- natic. venison, &c. Venter, the belly. Ventricle, ventrilo- quy, ventriloquism, ventriloquist, &c. Ventus, the wind. Ventilate, ventila- tion, ventilator, &c. Verbum, a word. Verb, verbal, verba- tim, verbiage, verbose, verbosity, adverb, adverbial, proverb, proverbial, &c. Vereor, to stand in awe of. Verecund, revere, reverence, reverend, reverent, reve- rently, reverential, irreverence, irreverent, irreverend, &c. Vergo, to tend towards, to verge. Con- verge, convergence, convergency, converg- ent, diverge, divergence, divergent, &c. Vermis, a worm. Vermicelli,! vermicu- lar, vermifuge, vermilion, ± vermin, vermi- nate, worm, &c. Verto, to turn; versus, turned. Ver- satile, versatility, verse, version, vertebre or vertebra, vertebrated, vertex, vertical, ver- tigo, advert, advertence, adverse, adversity, adversary, advertise, animadvert, animad- version, anniversary, avert, aversion, contro- vert, controvertible, controversy, controver- sial, controversialist, con'vert, convert', con- vertible, conversant, conversation, conversa- zione, converse, conversion, divert, divertise- ment, divers, diverse, diversion, diversity, diversify, inadvertence, inadvertency, inad- vertent, incontrovertible, inconvertible, in- vert, inverse, inversion, irreversible, malver- sation, obverse, pervert, pervertible, per- verse, perversion, perversity, revert, rever- sal, reverse, reversion, reversionary, reversi- ble, subvert, subvertivc, subversion, tergiver- * Veneer. To inlay with wood, so as to give the appearance of veins. t Vermicelli. Paste rolled in the form of small worms. t Vermilion. The berries of the shrub (coccus), with which the ancients died scarlet, are full of little worms or insects ; and hence the term came to de- note that color. LATIN AND GREEK ROOTS. Ixxxi sation,* transverse, traverse, universe, uni- versal, universality, university, divorce, vor- tex, <&c. Verus, true. Veracity, veracious, ver- dict, verify, verification, verisimilitude, ve- rity, very, verily, aver, averment, &c. Vestigium, a track, a footstep, a trace. Vestige, investigate, investigation, &c. Vestis, a garment or robe. Vest, vest- ment, vestry, vesture, divest, invest, invest- ment, investiture, &c. Vetus (veteris), old. Veteran, invete- rate, inveteracy, &c. Via, a way. Viaduct, viaticum, deviate, deviation, devious, obviate, obvious, pervi- ous, previous, trivial, undeviating, convoy, Voyage, way, &c. Vibro, to vibrate, to oscillate; vibratus, vibrated. Vibrate, vibration, vibratory, &c. Vicis (vice), a change or turn, instead of. Vice-versa, vice-admiral, viceroy, vicegerent, viscount, vicissitude, vicar, vicarage, vica- rial, vicarious, &c. Video, to see; visus, seen. Vide, vis- age, visard, visible, visibility, invisible, in- visibility, vision, visionary, visit, visitant, visitation, visitor, visitorial, visor, visual, adverse, advice, advisable, evidence, evi- dent, invidious, envious, envy, jurisprudence, provide, provider, provedore, provender, pro- vidence, provident, improvidence, improvi- dent, providential, provision, provisional, provisionary, proviso, prudence, prudent, imprudence, imprudent, prudential, purvey, purveyance, purveyor, revise, revisal, revi- sion, revisionary, revisit, supervise, super- vision, supervisor, survey, surveyor, unpro- vided, unvisited, vedette, videlicet (viz.), vis-a-vis, vista,f &c. Viduus, empty, bereft. Void, avoid, avoidable, devoid, unavoidable, widow, &c. Vigil, watchful. Vigils, vigilance, vigi- lant, &c. Vigor, strength, energy. Vigour, vigo- rous, invigorate, &c. Vilis, of no value, base. Vile, viieness, vilify, vilipend, revile, &c. Vinco, to conquer; victus, conquered. Vincible, victim, victor, victory, victorious, vanquish, vanquisher, convince, convict, conviction, evince, evict, eviction, invinci- ble, invincibility, province, provincial, un- vanquished, &c. Vindico, to revenge. Vengeance, venge- ful, vindicate, vindication, vindicator, vin- dictive, vindictiveness, avenge, avenger, re- venge, revengeful, &c. Vinum, wine. Vine, vineyard, vintage, vintner, vinegar,:): vinous, viny, &c. Violo, to injure, to violate. Violate, vio- lation, violator, violence, violent, inviolable, inviolability, inviolate, &c. Vir, a man. Virile, virility, virago, § de- cemvir, &c. * Tergiversation. From tergum, the bach, and verto, to turn. f Vista. A sight ; a view or prospect through trees. X Vinegar is derived from vinum and accr, sharp or sour. § Virago. A woman who (agit) acts like {vir) a man. VirIdis, green. Verdant, verdancy, ver- dure, verdigris, &c. Virtus, bravery, any excellent quality. Virtue, virtuous, virtual, virtu, virtuoso, &c. Virus, noxious juice, poison. Virus, virulence, virulency, virulent, &c. Vitium, vice. Viciate, vitiate, vitiated, vice, vicious, &c. Vito, to shun, to avoid. Evitable, in- evitable, inevitability. &c. Vitrum, glass. Vitreous, vitrify, vitri- faction, vitrified, vitrescent, vitriol, &c. Vitupero, to blame, to abuse. Vitupe- rate, vituperation, vituperative, &c. Vivo, to live; victus, lived. Vivacity, vivacious, viva-voce, vivary, vivid, vividness, vivify, viviparous, viand, victual, victuals, vital, vitals, vitality, convivial, conviviality, revival, revive, survival, survive, survivor, survivorship, &c. Voco, to call, vocatus, called. Vocal, vocation, vocative, vociferate, vociferation, vociferous, advocacy, advocate, avocation, convocation, convoke, equivocal, equivocate, equivocation, equivocator, evoke, invocate, invocation, invoke, irrevocable, provoke, provocation, revocable, revocation, revoke unequivocal, unprovoked, vocable, vocabu lary, vouch,* avouch, vouchsafe, voucher, vowel, &c. Volo, to fiy. Volatile, volatility, volatil- ize, vole, volley, &c. Voluptas, sensuality, pleasure. Volup- tuary, voluptuous, voluptuousness, &c. Volvo, to roll; volutus, rolled. Volu- ble, volubility, volume, voluminous, volute, volution, circumvolve, circumvolution, con volve, convolvulus, convoluted, devolve, evolve, evolution, involve, involution, re- volve, revolt, revolution, &c. Voito, to devour. Voracity, voracious, voraciousness, carnivorous, devour, gramini- vorous, granivorous, herbivorous, omnivo- rous, &c. Voveo, to vow; votus, vowed. Vow, votary, vote, votive, avow, avowal, devote, devotcdness, devotee, devotion, devotional, devout, &c. Vulgus, the common people. Vulgar, vulgarism, vulgarity, vulgate, divulge, pro- mulge, promulgate, promulgation, undivulg- ed, &c. Vulnus ivulneris), a wound. Vulne- rable, invulnerable, invulnerableness, &c. GREEK ROOTS. Acouo, to hear. Acoustics, &c. Adelphos, a brother. Philadelphia, &c. Aggello (ang-el-lo), to bring tidings. Angel, angelic, angelical, archangel, evau- gelist, evangelical, evangelize, &c. Ago, to drive or lead. Demagogue, peda- gogue, synagogue, &c. Agora, a place for p?iblic assemblies, an oration. Allegory, category, categorical, panegyric, &c. Allos, another. Allegory, allegorical, allegorize, &c. * Vouch. To give one's (vocem) word; to tear witness ; to warrant. Ixxxii DERIVATION. Anemos, the wind. Anemone, &c. Anthropos. a man. Misanthropy, mis- anthrope or misanthropist, philanthropy, philanthropist, &c. Archafos, ancient. Archaiology or ar- chaeology, archaism. &c. ArchS, the beginning ; government. Archetype, anarch, anarchy, heptarchy, hie- rarch, hierarchy, monarch, monarchy, oli- garchy, patriarch, tetrarch, &c. Aristos, the best, tho noblest. Aristo- cracy, aristocrat, aristocratic, &c. Arithmos, number. Arithmetic, arith- metical, arithmetician, logarithms, &c. Astro.v, a star. Astral, astrolabe, astro- logy, astrological, astronomy, astronomical, asterisk, &c. Autos, one's self. Autobiography, auto- crat, autograph, automaton, &c. Ballo, to cast. Bolt, bolus, amphibology, emblem, emblematic, hyperbole, parable, parabola, problem, problematic, symbol, symbolic, &c. Balsa.mon, balm. Balsam, balsamic, balm, baimy, embalm, &c. Bapto or BAPTizo, to dip, to baptize. Baptize, baptist, baptism, baptismal, &c. Baros, weight. Barometer, barytes, bary- tone, &c. Basis, the foot, the lowest part, the I foundation. Base, basement, baseness, bass, | debase, surbr.se, &c. Biblos. a book. Bible, biblical, biblio- pc!i-t, bibliomania, &c. Bros, life. Biography, biographer, bio- graphical, amphibious, autobiography, ceno- bite, &c. BotAnk, an herb. Botany, botanical, bo- tanic, botanist, &c. Character, a mark, an impression. Character, characteristic, &.C. Ch.akis icharitosj, love, grace, thanks. Charity, charitable, charitableness, eucha- ri-r. uncharitable, &c. C'holS, bile, anger. Choler, choleric, cholera-morbus, melancholy, &c. Chorda, a gut, a string. Chord, cord, cordage, harpsichord, pentachord, &c. Christos, anointed. Christ, Christian, Christmas, chrism, &c. Chronos, time. Chronic, chronicle, chronology, chronometer, anachronism, &o. Chrusos, gold. Chrysalis, chrysolite, &c. Chumos, juice (from chko, to melt or pour). Chyme, chemistry, chemist, chemi- cal, cheinic, alchymy, &c. Daiaion, a spirit; generally an evil spirit. Demon, demoniac, demonology, pandemo- nium, &c. Da mao, to tame, to subdue. Adamant, J adamantean, adamantine, diamond, &c. Deca, ten. Decade, decagon, decalogue, j Decapolis, &c. Demos, the people. Demagogue, demo cracy, democrat, democratic, endemic, epi demie, &c. Despotes, a master, a tyrant. Despot, despnic, despotism, &c. Diploma (literally a duplicate), aletter or writing conferring some privilege. Diploma, diplomacy, diplomatist, diplomatic, TD GREEK ROOTS. Ixxxv Poieo, to make. Poem, poet, pharmaco- poeia, prosopopoeia, &e. Poeemos, war. Polemics, polemical, &c. Poleo, to sett. Monopoly, bibliopolist, pharmacopolist, &c. Polts, a city. Police, policy, politics, me- tropolis. Acropolis, Heliopolis, Adriarzople, Constantinople, Naples, &c. See Neos. Polus, many. Polyanthus, polygamy, polyglot, Polynesia, polysyllable. &c. Poros. a pore, a passage. Pore, porous, emporium, &e. Potamos, a river. Hippopotamus, Meso- potamia, &c. Pous ipodos), a, foot. Antipodes, polypus, tripod, &c. Pkaktos, done : Prasso, to do. Practise, practice, praxis, impracticable, &c. Presbuteros. elder. Presbyter, &c. Protos, first. Protocol, protomartyr, prototype, prothonotary, &c. Psallo, tc sing, to play. Psalm, psalm- ody, psalter, &c. Pseitdos, false. Pseudo-prophet, &e. Psyche, breath, the soul. Psychology, Psyrhe, metempsychosis, &c. Pto.ma, a fail. Symptom, &c. Per, fire. Pyre, pyramid, pyrotechnist, empyrean, fire, &c. Rhapto, to sew or stitch together. Rhap- sodist, rhapsody, &c. Rheo, to flow. Rhetoric, rheum, catarrh, diarrhoea, hemorrhage. &c. Rhin", the nose. Rhinoceros, &c. Rhodon, a rose. Rhododendron, &c. Rhuthmos, measured time, harmony. Rhythm, rhyme, &c. Sarx, flesh. Sarcasm, sarcophagus, sar- sophagy, &c. Schede, a small scroll. Schedule, &e. Schema, a plan, a design. Scheme, schemer, &c. Schisma, a division. Schism, schismatic, schismatical, &c. Sxxos, corn, bread. Parasite, &o. SkandAxon, a stumbling-block, offence, disgrace. Scandal, scandalous, &c. Skene, a tent, the stage. Scene, scenic, scenery, &c. Skeptomai, to consider, to doubt. Scep- tic, sceptical, &c. Skia, a shadow. Ascii, &c. Skopeo, to view. Scope, kaleidoscope, microscope, telescope, episcopacy, bishop, &.c. Sophia, wisdom. Sophist, sophism, so- phistry, sophisticate, philosophy, unsophis- ticated, &c. Spao, to draw: Spasma, a drawing or contraction. Spasm, spasmodic, &c. Sperma, seed: Speiro, to sow. Sperm, spermatic, spermaceti, &c. Sphaira, a globe. Sphere, spheric, sphe- roid, atmosphere, hemisphere, &c. Splen', the milt or spleen. Spleen, sple- netic, &c. Spongia, a. sponge. Sponge, &c. Stasis, a standing. Statics, statistics, apostasy, apostate, ecstasy, hydrostatics, sys- tem, die. Steleo, to send. Apostle, diastole, epis- tle peristaltic, systole, &c. Stenos, short, narrow. Stenography, &d Stereos, firm, solid. Stereotype, &c. Stichos. a rank, a line, a verse. Acrostic, distich, &c. Stigma, a brand, a mark of infamy. Stig- ma, stigmatize. a method of bleeding by making small punctures. Acute, a. sharp, keen, subtle, ingenious ; an accent marked thus ('). Acu'tely, ad. sharply, keenly, ingeniously. Acuteness, s. sharpness, subtleness. Ad'age, j. a proverb ; a common saying. Ada'gio, s. (in music) a term for slow time. Ad'amant, j. a diamond ; a loadstone. Adamante'an, a. very hard, impenetrable. Adamantine, a. made of adamant ; hard. Adam's-apple, s. a prominent part of the throat. Adapt', v. to fit, to suit> to proportion. Adaptability, s. the capability of adjustment. Adapt'able, a. fitted, capable of adaptation. Adapta'tion, Adap'tion, s. the act of fitting. Add, v. to join to, to increase, to sum up. Add'ible, a. that may be added. Addeem', v. to account, to reckon. Adden'da, *. pi. additions made to any thing. Adden'dum,*.addition or appendix to a work. A d'der, s. a venomous serpent ; a viper. Adder's-grass, s. the name of a plant. Addor's-tongue, s. the name of an herb. Addibil'ity, I. the possibility of being added. Addict', v. to devote, to accustom. Addi"tion, s. an adding ; a rule in arithmetic. Additional, a. added, something added. Additionally, ad. in addition. Addi"tionary, a. that may be added. Ad'dle, Ad'dled, a. ban-en, empty ; usually applied to such eggs as are Totten. Ad 'die-headed, Ad'dle-pated, a. having bar- ren brains, weak, silly. Addooin', v to adjudge. Addor'sed, a. (in heraldry) back to back. Address', v to speak or apply to ; to direct to ; to prepare for any action : s. a peti- tion ; direction ; mode of behaviour. Addresser, s. the person that addresses. Addu'ce, v. to bring forward; to allege. Addu'cent, a. leading to, contracting. Addu'cible, a. that may be brought forward. Adduction, 5. the act of adducing. Adduc'tive, a. that brings forward. Adductor, s. any muscle that contracts. Ademption, s. revocation, privation. Adept', s. one well versed in an art: a skilled, thoroughly versed. Ad'equacy, Ad'equateness, s. sufficiency. Ad'equately, ad. in an adequate manner. Ad'equate, a. proportionate, equal to. Adhe re, v. to stick ; to remain fixed. Adhe'rence, Adhe'rency, s. fidelity ; tenacity. Adhe'rent, a. united with ; sticking. Adhe'rent, Adhe'rer, s. a follower; partisan. Adhe'rently, adv. in an adherent manner. Adhe'sion, s. the act of sticking to something. Adhe'sive, a. sticking ; tenacious. Adhe'sively, ad. in an adhesive manner. Adhe'siveness, s. stickiness ; tenacity. Adieu', ad. a word expressive of good wishes, used at parting with a friend, or in con- cluding a letter; farewell. Adit, j. a passage under ground for miners. Adja'cent, a. lying close to, contiguous. Adject', v. to add to, to put to. Ad'jective, s. a word added to qualify a noun. Ad'jective^, ad. as an adjective. Adjoin', t. to join or unite. Adjoining, p. and a. being close to, near to. Adjourn', v. to put off, to defer. Adjourn'ment, *. putting off to another day. Adjud'ge, v. to decree, to pass sentence. Adju'dicate, v. to determine by law. Adjudication, A djudglnent, s. act of judging: Ad'junct, s. something joined to another • a. united with, joined to. Adjura'tion, *. the act of adjuring. Adju're, v. to impose an oath, to charge solemnly. Adiust', v. to regulate ; to put in order ; to settle. Adjusting, Adjust'ment, s. the act of regu- lating. Adjus'tive, a. capable of being adjusted. Ad'jutancy, s. the office of an adjutant. Ad'jutant, s. a military officer, whose duty is to assist the major. Adminicle, *. a help ; support. Administer, v. to give, to supply ; to per- form the office of an administrator. Administration, s. the act of administering ; the persons collectively who are intrusted with the affairs of government. Administrative, a. that which administers, or by which one administers. Administra'tor, s. masc. Administratrix, s fern, one who manages the affairs of a per- son dying intestate. Administra'torship, s. office of administrator. Ad'mirableness. s. the state or quality of being admirable. A d'mirable, a.to be admired ; good, excellent. Ad'mirably, ad. wonderfully, excellently. Ad'miral, s. the chief commander of a fleet. Ad'miralty, *. the office for naval affairs. Admiration, s. act of admiring ; wonder ADM Adrui're, v. to regard with wonder and love ; to esteem. Adnii'rer, s. one that admires ; a lover. Admi'ringly, ad. in an admiring manner. Admissibility, s. quality of being admissible. Admis'sible, a. that may be admitted. Admis"sion, s. access ; the state of being ad- mitted ; allowance of an argument. Admit', v. to grant entrance ; to allow. Admit'table, a. that may be admitted. Admittance, s. the act of admitting ; per- mission to enter ; entrance. Admix', v. to mingle or mix with. Admixlure, s. the substance of bodies mixed. Admonish, v. to warn, to reprove. Admon'isher, s. an adviser, a reprover. Admoni"tion, s. reproof, advice, counsel. Admon'itive, a. that admonishes. Admon'itor, s. one who admonishes. Admon'itory, a. warning, admonishing. Adnas'cent, a. growing upon something else. Ad'noun, s. an adjective. Adnu'bilated, a. clouded, darkened. Ado', *. trouble, confusion, bustle. Adoles'cence, Adoles'cency, s. prime of youth. Adoies'cent, a. advancing to manhood. Adopt', v. to take a son or daughter by choice, who was not so by birth ; to take or assume as one's own. Adop'tion, s. the making that our own which does not naturally belong to us. Adoptive, a. capable of being adopted. Ado'rable, a. worthy of adoration ; divine. Ado'rableness,*. quality of exciting adoration. Adora'tion, s. divine worship ; homage. A do're, v. to worship ; to honour highly. Ado'rer, s. one who adores ; a worshipper. Adorn', v. to dress, decorate, embellish. Adorn'ment, Adorn'ing, s. embellishment. Adow'n, prep, down ; towards the ground. Adread', ad. in a state of fear. Adrift, ad. floating at random. Adroit', a. dexterous, skilful, active. Adroit'ly, ad. dexterously, nimbly, skilfully. Adroit'ness, s. dexterity, skill, activity. Adry^, a. thirsty, desirous to drink. Adsciti"tious, a. borrowed, added. Adstric'tion, s. the act of binding together. Adula'tion, s. high compliment, flattery. Ad'ulator, s. a flatterer. Ad'ulatory, a. flattering, highly compli- mental. Adult', s. a person arrived at maturity: a. grown up. Aclul'terate, v. to corrupt, to debase: a. cor- rupted, debased. AduJtera'tion, s. the state of being adulter- ated ; mixture with some foreign body. Adul'terer, s. a person guilty of adultery. Adul'teress, s. a woman guilty of adultery. Adul'terously, ad. in an adulterous maimer. (Adul'tery, s. violation of the marriage bed. Adum'brate, v. to shadow out faintly. Adumbra'tion, s. a slight sketch or outline. Adun'cous, Adun'que, a. crooked, hooked Adust', Adust'ed, a. burnt up, scorched. Adus'tion, s. act of burning, or drying. Adva'nce, v. to bring forward; to improve; to propose; to move onwards. Adva'nce, s. progression ; improvement. Adva'nce men t, s. preferment ; progression. AFA Advantage, s. superiority ; benefit ; gain : v. to benefit ; to improve ; to promote. Advanta'geous, a. convenient ; profitable. Advanta'geously, ad. conveniently, profit- ably. Advanta'geousness, s. usefulness, profit. Ad'vent, s. the name of one of the holy sea- sons, signifying the coming of our Saviour; four weeks before Christmas. Adventitious, a. accidental, not natural. Adventf'tiously, ad. accidentally. Adven'ture, v. to try the chance ; to dare J s. an accident ; an enterprise ; hazard. Adven'turer, s. one who hazards a chance. Adven'turous, a. courageous, daring, enter- prising. Adven'turousness, s. quality of being adven- turous. Adven'turously, ad. boldly, hazardously. Ad'verb, s. that part of speech which is put with a verb, &c. to qualify or modify the meaning. Adver'bial, a. that relates to adverbs. Adver'biaily, ad. in manner of an adverb. Ad'versary, s. an antagonist, enemy. Adver'sative, a. implying opposition. Ad'verse, a. contrary to ; calamitous. Ad'versely, ad. oppositely ; unfortunately. Ad'verseness, s. opposition ; misfortune. Adver'sity, s. misery, calamity, affliction. Advert', v. to turn or attend to ; to regard. Adver'tence, Adver'tency, s. attention to. Adver'tent, a. attentive ; heedful. Adverti'se, v. to givo public notice. Advertisement, ^.public notice ; information. Adverti'ser, v. one who gives public notice. Advi'ce, s. counsel, instruction, intelligence. Advi'sable, a. prudent, fit to be advised. Advi'sableness, s. fitness ; propriety. Advi'se, v. to counsel, to inform. Advi'sed, p. and a. informed, performed with deliberation. Advi'sedly, ad. deliberately ; prudently. Advi'ser, s. one who advises ; a counsellor. Ad'vocacy, s. the act of pleading ; support. Advocate, s. a pleader ; an intercessor : v . to plead, to support, to defend. Advowee', s. he that has the right of ad- vowson. Advow'son, s. a right to present to a benefice. Ad'ytum, s. the inner part of a temple ; a vestry. Adze, s. an edged tool used by coopers. JE'dile, s. a Roman magistrate, appointed to inspect all buildings. iE'gis, s. a shield ; the shield of Minerva. -iEne'id, s. the heroic poem of Virgil. /Eo'lian, a. belonging to the wind. A'erate, v. to combine with fixed air. Ae'rial, a. belonging to the air ; high. A'erolite, s. a meteoric stone. Aerol'ogy, s. the theory of the air. Aerom'cter, s. machine for weighing air. A'eronaut, s. one who sails through the air. Aeronau'tio, a. sailing through the air. Aeronau'tics, s. the art of aerial suspension. Aerostatics, s. the science of sustaining bodies suspended in the air. ^E'thiops-mineral, s. quicksilver and sulphm ground together to a black powder. Afar 7 , ad. from a great distance, remotely. AFE Afea'rd, a. afraid, terrified. Affability, s. condescension ; courteousness. Affable, a. easy of manners, benign, mild. Affableness, s. condescension ; civility. Affably, ad. civilly, courteously. Affair 7 , j. transaction, business, concern. Affect', v. to produce an effect upon ; to move the passions ; to aim at or aspire to. Affecta'tion, s. making an artificial show. Affect'ed, a. conceited ; moved. Affect'edly, ad. hypocritically, conceitedly. Affect'edness, s. the state of being affected. Affecting, p. and a. moving the feelings. Affecting] y, ad. in an affecting manner. Affec'tion, s. love, kindness, zeal. Affec'tionate, a. warm, loving, benevolent. Affec'tionately, ad. tenderly, benevolently. Affec'tionateness, s. fondness ; tenderness. Affec'tioned, a. affected ; mentally disposed. Affective, a. that affects ; moving. Affectively, ad. in an impressive manner. Affettuo'so, a. [Ital.] in music) tenderly. Affi'ance, s. a contract ; confidence in the divine promises : v. to betroth, to bind. Affida'vit, s. a written declaration on oath. Affilia'tion, s. the adoption of a child. Affinity, s. relation by marriage ; attraction. Affirm', v. to declare confidently. Affirm' able, a. that may be affirmed. Affirma'tion, *. declaration, confirmation. Affirm 'ative, a. that affirms ; that can or may be affirmed ; positive : s. that which con- tains an affirmation. Affirm'atively, ad. positively, absolutely. Affix', v. to unite, to subjoin. Affix, s. a particle united to the end of a word. Affla'tus, s. the communication of the power or spirit of prophecy ; a vapour ; breath. Afflict/, v. to grieve, trouble, torment. Afflicfedness, s. the state of affliction. Afnicfer, s. one who afflicts. Afflict' ingly, ad. in an afflicting manner. Affliction, s. sorrow, misery, calamity. Afflictive, a. painful, tormenting. Affluence, A f fluency, s. riches, plenty, abundance. Affluent, a. wealthy, abundant, exuberant. Affluently, ad. in an affluent manner. Afflux, Af fluxion, s. the act of flowing; that which flows from one place to another. Affo'rd, v. to yield, or produce ; to grant ; to be able to bear expenses. Affray', v. to fright, to terrify : s. a quarrel, disturbance, tumult. Affri'ght, v. to alarm, terrify. Affri'ght, s. terror, fear. Affri'ghtful, a. terrible ; dreadful. Affront', s. outrage, insult, disgrace : v. to insult, to offend, to provoke. Affronfive, a. abusive, injurious. AAV, v. to betroth ; to put trust in. Afield', ad. to or in the field. Afloat', ad. borne up by water ; floating. Afoot', ad. on foot ; in action, in motion. Afo're, prep, before, sooner in time. Afo'rehand, ad. previously prepared. Afo'rementioned, a. mentioned before. Afo'renamed, a. before named. Afo'resaid, a. said before. Afc'retime, ad. in time past. 3 AGI Afraid', a. struck with fear, terrified. Afresh', ad. anew, again, once more. Afric, African, a. pertaining to Africa. Aft, ad. abaft ; towards the stern : (a sea term). After, prep, behind : ad. following another ; in pursuit of; in imitation of; in succeed- ing time. Aftcract, s. a subsequent act. Afterages, «•. succeeding ages. Afterolap, s. an event happening after an affair is supposed to be at an end. Aftercourse, s. future course. Aftercrop, s. the second crop. Af terhours, s. the hours after business hours. Afterlife, s. the remainder of life. Aftermath, s. the second crop of grass. Afternoon', s. time from noon to evening. Afterpains, s. pains after birth. Afterpart, s. the latter part. Afterpiece, s. a farce, or any smaller enter- tainment, after the play. Afterstate, s. the future state. A f terthought, s. reflection after the act. Af tertimes, s. succeeding times. Afterwards, ad. in subsequent time. Afterwise, a. wise too late. Afterwit, s. wisdom that come3 too late. Af terwrath, s. anger when the provocatioa seems past. A'ga, s. a Turkish military officer of rank. Again', ad. once more ; in return. Against', prep, in opposition to ; to the hurt of. Aga'pe, ad. staring with surprise. Aga'st, Agha'st, a. struck with terror. Ag'ate, s. a semi-pellucid precious stone. Ag'atized, a. marked like an agate. Age, s. any period of time ; a hundred years ; generation of men ; maturity. A'ged, a. advanced in years: s. old persons. A'gency, s. management of another's affairs, Agen'da, s. church service ; memorandum- book. A'gent, s. a deputy : a. acting upon. A'gentship, s. the office of an agent. Agglom'erate, v. to gather up in a ball. Agglomera'tion, s. a mass, a heap. Agglu'tinate, v. to unite together by adhe- sion. Agglutina'tion, s. union, cohesion. Ag'grandize, v. to enlarge, to exalt. Aggran'dizement, s. the state of being ex- alted or preferred ; great advancement. Ag'grandizcr, s. he that aggrandizes. Ag'gravate, v. to make worse ; to provoke. Aggravation, s. the act of exciting to anger. Ag'gregate, a. framed by the collection of sundry parts into one mass : s. the result of the conjunction of many particulars: v. to add or heap together. Ag'gregateiy, ad. collectively ; taken in mass. Aggregation, s. the state of being collected. Aggress', v. to assault or injure first. Aggres'sion, s. the first act of injury. Aggres'sive, a. making the first attack. Aggress'or, ,s. one who first assaults another. Aggrie'vance, s. hardship, wrong, injury. Aggrie've, v. to injure, to harass. Aggrie'ved, p. and a. afflicted, injured. A"gile, a. nimble, ready, active. A"gileness, Agility, s. activity, speed. AGI ALE A'gio, s. the difference between the value of , hank-notes and the current money. Agist', v. to let cattle feed in pasture grounds at so much per week. Agist'ment, s. feeding of cattle in a common pasture for a fixed price. A"gitate, v. to put in motion ; to discuss. Agita'tion, s. the act of shaking any thing ; perturbation of the mind ; discussion. A"gitativo, a. having the power to agitate. A'gitator, s. one that agitates. Agluti"tion, s. difficulty of swallowing. Agni"tion, s. an acknowledgment. Agnomen, s. a name given to any one on account of some action or circumstance. Ago', ad. iu past time : as, long ago. Agog 7 , ad. in a state of desire. Ago'ing, ad. in action, moving. Ago'ne, ad. ago ; past. Agonist'ic, Agonist'ical, a. relating to prize- lighting, or athletic contests. Ag'onize, v. to be in extreme pain. Agoni'zingly, ad. painfully feeling. Ag'ony, s. anguish, pangs of death. Agra'rian, a. relating to fields or grounds, or to the equal division of lands. A gree', v. to accord, to concur, to settle. Agreeabil'ity, s. easiness of disposition. Agree'able, a. conformable to ; pleasing. Agree'ableness, s. the quality of pleasing. Agreo'ably, ad. consistently ; pleasingly. Agree'ingly, ad. in conformity with. Agree'ment, s. concord ; compact ; bargain. Agres'tical, Agres'tial, a. rude ; belonging to the fields. Agricultural, a. relating to agriculture. Ag'riculture, s. tillage, husbandry. Agriculturist, s. one skilled in agriculture. Aground', ad. run ashore ; stranded. A'gue, s. an intermitting fever, with cold fits. A'gue-fit, s. the paroxysm of an ague. A'guish, a. having the qualities of an ague. Ah, int. denoting pity, surprise, joy, &c. Aha', int. a word of triumph and scorn. Ahead', ad. farther on ; precipitantly. Ahoy', int. a word used to hail or call to persons at a distance : (a sea term). Aid, v. to succour, to help, to relievo. Aid'-de-camp, s. military officer attending on a general to convey orders, &o. Ai'gret, s. a species of heron. Ai'gulet, s. a point of gold at the end of a fringe. Ail, v. to be sick or in pain : s. a Ail'ing, a. disordered, sickly. Ail'ment, s. pain, disease, affliction. Aim, v. to direct towards a mark, to *. direction, endeavour, design. Aim'less. a. without aim. Air, s. tho fluid which we breathe ; wind ; a tune or melody ; the mien of a person : v. to exposo to the air ; to warm. Ah/halloo'ii, s. See Balloon. AirTjladder, s. a vesiclo filled with air. Air'born, a. born of the air; fanciful. Ai/brjilt, a. built in the air ; imaginary. Air'drawn, a. painted in air ; visionary. Air'.nn, *. a gun charged with air. Air'ily, ad. gaily, merrily, briskly. Airiness, s. exposure to the air ; gayety. Air'ing, *. a short excursion to enjoy the air. Air'poise, s. an instrument for weighing tie air. Air'pump, s. an air-extracting machine. Air'shafr,, s. a passage for the air into mines. Air'tight, a. impervious to the air. Air'y, a. belonging to the air ; gay, sprightly. Aisle, Aile, 5. the wing or side of a church. Ajar', ad. partly opened. Akin', a. related to ; resembling ; alike. Al'abaster, s. a kind of soft white marble l a. made of or belonging to alabaster. Alack', int. alas, an expression of sorrow. Alack'aday, int. a familiar word of sorrow. Alac'rity, s. cheerfulness, briskness, readi- ness. Alamo'de, ad. [Fr.] according to the fashion. Alarm', v. to surprise ; to call to arms. Alarm', s. a notice of danger ; sudden terror. Aiarm'-bell, s. the bell that is rung at the approach of an enemy. Alarm'ing, a. producing alarm ; frightful. Alarm'ingly, ad. in an alarming manner. Alarm'ist, s. one who excites an alarm. Alarm'-watch, s. a watch that strikes the hour by regulated movement. Alar'um, s. an alarm-bell ; a clock. Alas', int. denoting pity or grief. Alb, a whito linen vestment worn by priests. Al'batross, s. a large south sea bird. Albe'it, ad. although, notwithstanding. Albes'cent, a. becoming white ; whitish. Albigen'ses, s. a sect of Protestants, so called from Albi, in Languedoe, in France. Albi'no, s. a white descendant of black pa- rents ; a negro whose skin turns white. Albugin'eous, a. like the white of an ogg. Albugo, s. a disease in the eye, in which the cornea contracts a whiteness. Al'bum, s. a blank book for the insertion of autographs, &c. Albu'men, s. tho white of an egg. Alburn'um, s. the soft white part of wood. Alcaid', s. in Barbary, the governor of a oastle ; in Spain, the judge of a city. Alchym'io, Alchym'ical, a. relating to al- chymy. Al'chymist, S. a professor of alchymy. Al'chymy, *. occult chemistry or the pre- tended science of the transmutation of metals ; a mixed metal so called. Al'cohol, s. the substance of any body re- duced into a fine impalpable powder; a pure rectified spirit. Alcoholic, a. partaking of alcohol. Alcoholiza'tion, s. act of rectifying spirits. Ai'coholize, v. to convert into alcohol. Alco'ran. [See Alkoran]. Alco've, s. an arbour ; a recess in a chamber. Aldebaran', s. a star in the constellation Taurus. Al'der, s. a tree resembling the hazel. A l'derman, j. a magistrateofatown corporate. Ale, s. a fermented malt liquor. A'lebrewer, s. one who brews ale. Aleo', ad. on the side opposite to that against which the wind blows : (a sea term). A'lefed, a. fed with ale. Al'egar, s. sour ale. A'lehouso, j. a house where malt liquor is sold ; a public-house. Alem'bie, *. a vessel used in distilling. ALE 8 - ALM Alength', ad. at full Aler?, a. watchful, vigilant, brisk. Alert'ness, s. sprightliness, briskness. Alexan'drian, a. pertaining to Alexandria. Alexan'driue, s. a verse of twelve syllables : (first used in a French poem called Alex- ander.) Algebra, s. a peculiar kind of arithmetic Algebraic, Algebraical, a. pertaining to the science of algebra. Algebraically, ad. by means of algebra. Algebraist, *. one well versed in algebra. Al'gid, a. cold, chill. Alguazil', s. a Spanish bailiff or constable. A 'lias, [Lat.] ad. otherwise : s. in law, a writ. Al'ibi, [Lat.] s. elsewhere ; in another place. A'lien, s. a foreigner ; a stranger : a. foreign, estranged, averse to. Alienable, a. that may be transferred. Alienate, v. to transfer to another ; to with- draw the affections : a. estranged. Aliena'tion, s. the act of transferring ; change of affection ; mental derangement. Ali'ght, v. to descend, to dismount. Ali'ke, ad. with resemblance ; equally. Ailment, s. nutriment, food, support. Alimen'tal, a. nutritive, nourishing. Alimen'tary, a. belonging to food. Alimony, 5. the allowance to a married wo- man when separated from her husband. Aliquant, a. a portion of a number, which, however repeated, will never make up the number required ; as, 3 is an aliquant of 10. thrice 3 being 9, and 1 wanted. Aliquot, s. any portion of a given number which, being multiplied, will amount to that given number exactly ; as, 3 is an ali- quot part of 12. Ali've, a. existing, active, sprightly. Al'kali, s. a salt which neutralizes acids. Al'kaline, a. having the quality of alkali. Al'kalize, v. to render alkaline. Al'koran,j.the book of the Mahometan creed. All, a. the whole of: s. the whole number or quantity ; every one : ad. wholly, com- pletely. All, in composition, is used adverbially, to extend the meaning of, or give force to, a word ; as all-beauteous, all-destroying, &c. In some words it becomes completely in- corporated, and drops an I ; as in almost, also, alone, &c. Alia, Allah, s. (with Mahometans) God. Allay', v. to compose, to pacify. Allay 7 , s. formerly any baser metal mixed with a superior kind ; now written Alloy. Allegation, Alle"gement, s. affirmation ; a plea. Alle"ge, v. to declare, to maintain, to plead. Al.le"geable, a. that which may be alleged. Alle'giance, s. duty of subjects to government. Allegorical, a. not real ; not literal. Allegorlcally, ad. after an allegorical manner. Allegorize, v. to turn into allegory. Allegory, s. in rhetoric, a figurative manner of speech, in which something other is in- tended, than is written or said. Allegret'to, ad. less quick than allegro. Alle'gro, ad. sprightly, quick, (in music). Allelu'jah, s. a word signifying praise God. Alle'viate, v. to make light, to ease, to soften. Allevia'tion, s. that by which any pain is lessened, or any fault extenuated. Alley, s. any narrow passage or walk. All-fools'-day, 5. the first of April. All-fours, s. a low game at cards. Allhallows, ,s. the term near All Saints. Alli'ance, s. relation by marriage or kindred ; a league with foreign powers. Allies', s. pi. states which have entered into a league for their mutual defence. Alliga'tion, s. the act of tying together ; one of the rules of arithmetic. Alligator, s. the American crocodile. Allitera'tion, 5. the beginning two or more words with the same letter. All iterative, a. beginning with the same letter. Alloca'tion, s. act of placing or adding to. Allocu'tion, s. the act of speaking to another. Allo'dial, a. independent of any superior. Allo'dium, s. a possession held in one's own right without paying rent or service to any superior. Allot', v. to give by lot ; to distribute ; gTant. Allot'ment, s. the part allotted to any one. Allow 7 , v. to admit or acknowledge ; to per- mit, yield, or grant ; to make an abate- ment in selling. Allow'able, a. that may be permitted, lawful. Allow'ablen-2ss, s. lawfulness. Allow'ably, ad. with claim of allowance. Allow'ance, s. indulgence, sanction, licence ; a deduction ; a stipend. Alloy', s. baser metal mixed in coinage ; the evil that is mixed with good. Alloy 7 , v. to reduce the purity of a metal ; to debase by mixture. Alloy'age, s. the act of alloying metals. All-souls'-day, s. the day on which supplica- tions are made for all souls by the Church of Rome ; the second of November. All'spiee, s. Jamaica pepper or pimenta. Allu'de, v. to hint at, to insinuate, refer to. Allu're, v. to entice, to decoy, to wheedle. Allu'rement, s. enticement, temptation. Allu'rer, s. he that allures or entices. Allulingly, ad. in an enticing manner. Allu'sion, s. reference, hint, application. Allusive, a. hinting at something. Allu'sively, ad. in an allusive manner. Allu'siveness, s. the quality of being allusive. Allu'via, s. small islands thrown up by the current of a river. Allu'vial, a. carried by water and deposited. Allu'vion, Allu'vium, s. earth carried by the motion of water and deposited. Ally', v. to unite by friendship or kindred : s. a friend, a confederate, a relation. Al'manac, s. an annual calendar. Almigh'tiness, 5. omnipotence. Almigh'ty, a. of unlimited power, omnipo- tent: s. the Divine Being ; God. Al'mond, s. the fruit of the almond-tree. Al'monds, s. the two glands of the throat ; the tonsils, improperly called almonds of the ears. Al'moner, s. the officer of a prince employed in the distribution of alms or charity. Al'monry, s. the place where alms are given. Almo'st, ad. nearly, near, well nigh. Alms, s. any thing given to the poor. ALM A MB Alms'-basket, s. the basket in which provi- j sions are put to be given away. Alms'dced, 5. an act of charity. Alms'giver, s. one who gives alms. Aims'house, *. a free dwelling for the poor. Al'oe, s. a plant, of which there are several species, African, Asiatic, and American ; the medicinal gum of the plant. Aloft', ad. <>n high ; in the air ; above. Alo'ne, a. single, without company, solitary. Along 7 , ad. at length ; onward ; forward. Alongside, ad. by the side of. Aloof, ad. at a distance but in view of. Alou'd, ad. loudly, with much noise. Alpaca, s. a quadruped ; the paca. Alpha, s. the first letter in the Greek alpha- bet, answering to our A ; it is therefore used to signify the first or highest. Al'phabet, s. the letters of any language. Alphabetical, a. in the order of the alphabet. Alphabetically, ad. in an alphabetical man- ner or order. Al'pine.a. relating to the Alps; mountainous. Al'pine, s. the mountain strawberry. Alixad'y, ad. now, at this time ; so soon. Al'so, ad. likewise ; in the same manner. Alt, Al'to, s. the higher part of the gamut. AL'tar, s. the place where offerings to heaven are laid ; the table in Christian churches where the communion is administered. A 1'tar-piece, s. a painting over the altar. /J'ter, v. to change, to reform, to vary. Al'tcrable, a. that which may be altered. Al'terant, a. that which produces a change. Alteration, s. the act of altering or changing. Al'terative, a. having the quality of altering : s. a medicine that gradually ,'altersor) im- proves the constitution, but has no imme- diate operation. Al'tercate, v. to wrangle ; to contend with. Alterca'tion, s. debate, strife, controversy, wrangling. Altera ate, a. by turns, one after another : v. to perform alternately ; to change reci- procally. Alternation, Altem'ity, s. reciprocal succes- sion ; alternate performance. Alternative, s. the choice given of one of two things : a. that may be chosen or not. Alternatively, ad. by turns ; reciprocally. Althou'gh, conj. notwithstanding, however. Altim'etry, s. the art of measuring heights. Al'titude, j. height ; elevation of a heavenly body above the horizon. Altogether, ad. completely, entirely. Al'to-relievo, *. ptal.] that kind of relief in sculpture which projects as much as the life or reality. Al'um, s. a mineral salt of an acid taste. Arum-earth, s. a blackish brown mineral. Al'umine, Alu'mina, s. a kind of clay, the basis of common alum. Alu'minous, a. consisting of alum. Alu'minuni, s. the name given to the (sup- posed) metallic base of alumina. Al'umstone, s. a stone used in surgery. Al'umwater, tf.water impregnated with alum. Al'umworks, 5. apparatus for making alum. Al'vine, a. pertaining to the abdomen. Amabtl'ity, s. loveliness ; power of pleasing. Amain', ad. with vehemence, fiercely. Amal'gam, s. a mixture of metals; a com- pound. Amal'gamate, v. to mis or unite metals. Amalgama'tion, s. act of mixing metals. Amanuen'sis, s. a clerk or secretary, whe writes what another dictates. Am'aranth, s. the name of a plant ; in poetry, an imaginary flower that never fades. Amaran' thine, a. unfading, never deoaying. Amass', v. to heap up, to accumulate. Amass'ment, s. an accumulation, a heap. Amateur', s. a virtuoso ; a lover of the arts. Am'ativeness, s. a term in phrenology, in- dicative of a propensity to love. Amato'rial, a. relating to love. Am'atory, a. relating to or causing love. Amauro'sis, s. a dimness of sight causing an appearance of flies or dust before the eyes. Aina'ze, v. to surprise, astonish, confuse: s. astonishment ; confusion. A ma zedly,ad. confusedly, with amazement. Ama'zedness, s. state of being amazed. Ama'zement, s. wonder ; apprehension ; fear. Ama'zing, a. wonderful, astonishing. Ama'zingly, ad. astonishingly, wonderfully. Am'azon, s. a warlike woman ; the Amazons were a race of women famous for valour. Amazo'nian, a. like an Amazon. Amba'ges, s. [Lat.] circumlocutions. Amba'gious, A mba"gitory,a. circumlocutory Ambassador, s. a person sent as the repre- sentative of a prince or state on any pub- lic business to a foreign country. Arn'ber, s. a yellow semi-transparent gum of a resinous taste : a. like amber. Am'bergris, s. a fragrant drug, used as a perfume and a cordial. Am'ber-seed,*.musk seed, resemblingmillet. Am'ber-tree, s. a fragrant evergreen shrub. Ambidex'ter, *. a person that can use both hands alike ; one who is equally good to act on either side ; a double-dealer. Ambidex'trous, a. double-dealing, deceitful. Am'bient, a. compassing, surrounding ; par- ticularly applied to the air, which sur- rounds all bodies. Ambiguity, s. obscurity of words ; double meaning ; uncertainty of signification. Ambig'uous, a. doubtful, mysterious Ambig'uously, ad. in a doubtful manaer. Ambig'uousness, s. uncertainty of meaning. Ambi"tion, s. an inordinate desire of prefer- ment, honour, or power ; great pride. Ambi"tious, a. aspiring, proud, vain. Ambi"tiously, ad. in an ambitious manner. Am'ble, v. to move easily, to pace, to trip s, a pace between a walk and a trot. Am'bler, s. an ambling horse ; a pacer. Ani'bling,a.moving easily; pacing trippingly Am'blingly, ad. with an ambling movement. Ambro'sia, s. the name of a plant ; in poeti- cal language, the food of the gods. Ambro'siac, a. delicious, like ambrosia. Ambro'sial, Ambro'sian, a. possessing the qualities of ambrosia ; fragrant, delicious. Am'bulatory, s. a place for walking : a. aov stationary ; moving about. Ambusca'de, S. a private post to surprise ai) enemy. Am'bush, s. a concealed station to watch from, or lie in wait for. BX AME 10 ANA Am'cl, s. the matter used for enamelling. Ameliorate, v. to improve, to make better. Amelioration, s. improvement. Amen', ad. may it be so ; verily. Ame'nal'le, a. liable to be brought to ac- count, responsible ; manageable. Amend', v. to reform, grow better, correct. Amend'able, a. that may be amended. Ainen'de, s. [Fr.] a fine in the -way of re- compense ; amends made in any way. Amend'ing, s. the act of correcting. Amend'mcnt, s. a reformation of life ; a change for the better; recovery of health. Amend's, s. pi. recompense; compensation. Amen'ity, J. pleasantness, agrceablcness. Amer'ce, v. to punish by fine or penalty. Amer'ceable, a. liable to amercement. Amercement, s. a pecuniary fine. American, s. a native of America : a. per- taining to America. Amer'icanism, s. an American idiom. Am'ethyst, s. a violet-coloured precious stone. Amclhyst'ine, a. resembling an amethyst. A'miable, a. lovely, pleasing, charming. A'miablencss, s. agreeableness, loveliness. A'miably, ad. in an amiable manner. Am'ianth, Amianth'us, s. an incombustible mineral substance, somewhat resembling flax. Am'icable, a. friendly, kind, peaceable. Am'icableness, s. friendliness; goodwill. Am'icably, ad. in a friendly way. Am'icc, s. the undermost part of a priest's shoulder-cloth, or alb. Amid', A midst', prep, in the middle, amongst. Amiss', ad. faultily, improperly. Am'ity, s. friendship, love, harmony. Ammo'nia, s. a gaseous substance in modern chymistry, formed from hydrogen & azote. Ammo'niae, s. the name of an Indian gum : sal ammoniac is a volatile salt, popularly called hartshorn. Ammoni'acal, a. having the properties of am- monia or ammoniac. Am'monite, 5. the cornu ammonis or serpent- stone, a fossil shell. Ammo'nium, s. the metallic base of ammonia. Ammunition, s. military stores. Am'nesty, s. an act of general pardon. Amo'nium, s. a hot spicy sort of fruit. Among', Amongst', prep, mingled with. Am'orous, a. disposed to love, enamoured. Am'orously, ad. lovingly, fondly, kindly. Am'orousness. s. fondness, lovingncss. Amort', ad. depressed, spiritless. Amor'tisement, 5. the right of transferring lands to mortmain ; that is, to some com- munity that never is to cease. Amou'nt, v. to rise in value, to increase : s. the sum total, whole result. Amour', s. an affair of gallantry. Amphib'ious, a. that which partakes of two natures, so as to live on land or in water. Amphib'iousness, s. being able to live in dif- ferent elements. Amphib'ia, s. animals living either in water or on land. Amphictyon'ic, a. relating to the council of Amphictyons or Grecian deputies. Amphisbae'na, s. a serpent which is said to move with either end foremost. Amphis'cii, s. those people who inhabit the torrid zone, whose shadows fall both ways, that is, northward in one part of the year, and southward in the other. See Ascii. Amphitho'atre, s. a building in a circular form, with seats all round. Am'phora, s. a jug with a double ear. Am'ple, a. large, wide, liberal, diffusive. Am'pleness, s. largeness, extent, liberality. Amplification, s. enlargement, extension. Am'plify, v. to enlarge, to exaggerate. Am'plitude, s. extent, largeness, capacity. Am'ply, ad. largely, liberally, copiously. Am'putate, v. to cut off a limb. Amputa'tion, 5. a cutting off part of the body. Am'ulet, s. a charm hung about the neck tc prevent evil or mischance. Amu'se, v. to entertain, to divert, to deceive. Amu'sement, s. a pastime or entertainment. Amu'sing, a. entertaining, pleasing. Amu'singly, ad. in an amusing manner. Amu'sive, a. having the power of amusing. Amu'sively, ad in an amusive manner. An, the form of the indefinite article before a vowel, or an h inute, as an acorn, v. a ball or ticket used in giving votes ; act of so voting : v. to choose by ballot. Ea!'lot-box, s. a box for receiving ballots. Bal'loting, 5. act of voting by ballot. Ealm, s. an odoriferous plant. Balm'y, a. soothing, soft ; fragrant, odorife- rous. Bal'neary, s. a bathing-room, a bath. Bal'sani, s. an ointment ; a shrub. Balsam'ic, a. mitigating, softening, healing : s. a warm, demulcent, oily medicine. Bal'uster, s. a small pillar or column. Bal'ustered, a. having balusters. Balustra'de, *. a row of small pillars. Bamboo', s. an Indian cane or large reed. Bamboo'zle, v . to trick, to cheat, to deceive. Ban, s. a public notice ; a curse, interdiction. Eana'na, s. a kind of plantain-tree. Band. s. a bandage or tie ; a company : v. to bind together, to unite in a troop. Band'age, s. a fillet ; a roller for a wound. Eandan'a, s. a species of silk handkerchief. Band'box, s. a thin slight box. Band'elet, * a flat moulding ; a little band. Ban'dit, s. a man outlawed ; a robber. Bandit'ti, s. pi. outlaws, robbers, plunderers. Ban'dog, s. a large dog ; a mastiff. Bandoleo'rs, s. pi. small wooden cases, each containing a charge of powder, formerly appended to the band of a musketeer. Band'rol,Ban'nerol, s. alittleflag or streamer. Ban'dy, v. to toss to and fro, to eontend-ata game : a. crooked : s. a crooked stick. Ban'dy-leg, ,?. a crooked leg. Ban'dy-legged. a. having crooked legs. Bane, s. mischief, ruin, poison : v. to poison, Ba'neful, a. poisonous, hurtful. Ba'nefully, ad. perniciously, destructively. Ba'nefulness, s. destruetiveness. Ba'newort, s. the deadly nightshade. Bang, s. a blow, a thump : v. to beat. Ban'ian, *. one of a sect in India, who believe in transmigration, and abstain from animal food ; a man's morning gown, such as is worn by a Banian ; a tree in India. Ban'ian-days (a naval expression), those days when the men have no meat. Ban'ish, v. to exile, to drive away. Ban'isher, s. he who exiles another. Ban'ishment, s. transportation, exile. Ban'ister, s. a corruption of Baluster. Bank, s. the side of a river ; a little hill ; a shoal in the sea ; a repository for money. Bank-bill, Bank-note, j. a promissory note for money to be paid by a banking company. Bank'er, s. one who keeps a bank. Bank'ing, s. a trading in money. Bank'rupt, s. one who, being unable to pay creditors, surrenders his effects : a. insol- vent, unable to pay debts. Bankruptcy, s. the state of a bankrupt. Bank-stock, s. shares in the stock of a bank. Ban'ner, s. a military standard or flag. Ban'nered, a. furnished with banners. Ban'neret, s. a knight created in the field oi battle ; a little banner. Ban'nock, s. a loaf or cake of oatmeal. Ban'quet, s. a sumptuous feast. Ban'quet, v. to feast ; to regale. Ban'qucter, s. a feaster ; ho that makes feasts. Ban'queting, s. the act of feasting. Ban'shee, s. an Irish fairy or spirit. Bantam, s. a small fowl with feathered legs, probably first brought from Bantam, a kingdom in Java. Ban'ter, v. to rally, play upon : s. ridicule. Bant'ling, s. a young child, an infant. Bap'tism, s. the first sacrament of the Christian church ; sprinkling or immersion. Baptis'mal, a. relating to baptism. Bap'tist, s. one who christens ; an anabaptist. Baptis'tical, a. relating to baptism. Bap'tistry, 5. a font, or place for baptizing at. Bapti'ze, v. to christen. Bapti'zer, s. one who baptizes or christens. Bar, v. to secure, or fasten any thing with a bar ; to hinder or obstuct. Bar, s. a long piece of wood or iron ; the place assigned for lawyers to plead ; the place at which criminals stand during trial ; a hindrance ; an enclosed place in a tavern; a term in music. Barb, s. a Barbary horse ; a heard ; the points which stand backward in an arrow : v . to jag arrows with hooks ; to furnish horses with armour. Bar'bacan, s. a fortification before the walls of a town ; an opening in the wall for guns. Barba'rian, s. a rude uncivilized person, a savage : a. uncivilized, rude. Barbar'ic, a. foreign, far-fetched. BAB 52 BAS Bar'barisni, s. ignorance, inhumanity ; an uncouth manner of speaking or writing. Barbarity, ,?. inhumanity, cruelty. Barbarize, v. to render barbarous. Bar'barous, a. rude, uncivilized, ignorant, inhuman, cruel ; unacquainted with arts. Bar'barously, ad. ignorantly; cruelly. Bar'barousncss, s. rudeness ; impurity of language. Bar'becue, s. a hog dressed whole with spices. Bar'becue, v. to dress whole on a gridiron. Barb'ed, p. and a. bearded or jagged with hooks ; armed. Bar'bel, s. a kind of fish with barbs. Bar'ber, 5. one whose trade is to shave. Barberry, s. the name of a prickly shrub. Bard, s. a minstrel ; a poet. Bard'ic, a. relating to the bards or poets. Bare, a. naked, unadorned : v. to strip. Ba'reboned, a. having the bones bare. Ba'refaccd, a. shameless, impudent. Barefa'cedness, s. effrontery ; assurance. Ba'refoot, Barefoot'c-d, a. without shoes. Barehead'ed, a, having the head uncovered. Ba'rely, ad. nakedly; openly; merely. Ba'reness, s. nakedness; poverty ; indigence. Bar'gain, s. a contract or agreement ; a thing bought or sold ; a cheap purchase : v. to make a contract. Bargainer, s. he who makes a bargain. Bargaining, s. the act of making a bargain. Barge, s. a large boat for pleasure or trade. Bar'geman, s. the manager of a barge. Bar'gem aster, s. the owner of a barge. Baril'la, s. a plant cultivated in Spain for its ashes, from which the purest kind of min- eral alkali is obtained. Bark, s. the rind of a tree ; a small ship : v. to make a noise like a dog or wolf ; to clamour at ; to strip tree3 of tlieir bark. Bark'er, s. one that barks or clamours. Barley, a. consisting of bark. Bar 'ley, s. corn used for making malt. Barney-brake, s. a kind of rural play. Bar 'ley-corn, s. a grain of barley ; in mea- surement, the third part of an inch. Bar'ley-mow, s. where barley is stowed. Barley-sugar, s. sugar boiled in a decoction of barley. Bar'ley-water, s. a soft and lubricating drink made of barley without the rind. Barm, s. yeast, used to make drink ferment. Ba/maid, s. a female waiter at an inn. Barm'y, a. containing barm. Barn, s. a storehouse for corn, . imputation of a fault ; censure. Blame, v. to censure, to reproach. Bla'meful, a. deserving blame ; culpable. Bla'meless, a. without blame ; guiltless, upright. Bla'meiessly, ad. innocently ; without fault, Bla'mclessness, j. a state undeserving blame. Bla'mer, s. one who finds fault. Bla'meworthy, a. culpable, blamable. Blanch, v. to whiten ; to whiten by peeling, as to blanch almonds ; to evade. Blanc-manger, [Fr.J s. a confected white jelly. Bland, a. soft, mild, gentle, kind. Blandil'oquence, s. flattering speech. Blan'dish, v. to smooth, to soften. Blan'disher, s. an insinuating flatterer, Blan'dishment, s. soft speeches, flattery. Blank, s. a void space ; a disappointment. Blank, a. white, without writing, empty. Blank-w?\v stone, or meat. Carv'er, s. a sculptor ; he that cuts up the meat at the table. Carving, t. sculpture; figures carved. Casca'do, t, a cataract ; a waterfall. Case, s. a covering, a sheath ; the state of things ; variation of nouns ; a cause ot suit in court. Case, v. to put into a case ; to cover. Ca'scharden, v. to harden the outside. Ca'seknife, s. a large knife, generally kept in a case. Ca'semato, s. a kind of vault or arch of stone. Ca'sement, $. a window opening upon hinges. Ca'seous, a. of the nature of cheese. Ca'se-shot, s. balls, stones, iron, &c. put into cases, to be discharged from cannon. Ca'seworm, j. a grub that makes itself a case. Cash, s. money, properly ready money : v. to turn into money, to give money for. Cash'-account, s. an account of money re- ceived, paid, or on hand. Cash'-book, J. a book in which a register of receipts and payments is kept. Cashier', s. one who roceives and has charge of the money. Cashier', v. to dismiss from a post, to discard. Cash'-keeper, s. a person entrusted with cash. Ca'sing, s. tho covering of any thing. Casque, [Fr.] *. a helmet ; a head-piece. Cask, s. a barrel, a wooden vessel. Cas'ket, s. a small box for jewels. Cas'savi, s. an American plant, from the root of which a kind of bread and also tapioca are made. Cassa'tion, s. the act of annulling. Cas'sia, s. a very fragrant aromatic spice. Cassi'no, s. a game at cards. Cassiope'ia, s. a northern constellation. Cas'sowary, s. a large bird, the ernew. Cas'sock, j. the under vestment of a priest. Cast, s. a throw ; mould ; squint : v. to throw; to condemn ; to mould ; to compute. Cas'tanets, s. pi. small shells of ivory or hard wood, which dancers rattlo in their hands. Cast'away, 5. an abandoned or lost person. Caste, s. a name by which each tribe or class of Hindoos is distinguished. I Cas'tellated, a. adorned with battlements. Cast'er, s. one who casts; a calculator; a small box or cruet, out of which the con- tents are cast, as a pepper-caster ; a frame on small wheels. Cas'tigate, r. to chastise, to punish, to beat. Castiga'tion, ?. chastisement, punishnienx. Cas'tigator, a. he who chastises. Cas'tigatory, a. corrective. Cas'tiie-soap, s. a kind of refined soap. Cast'ing, s. the act of casting ; a mould. Cast'ing-net, s. a net thrown by tho hand. Cast'ing-vote, s. tho vote of a presiding officer, which decides a question, when the votes of tho members are equally divided. Cas'fle, *. a fortified house ; a fortress. Cas'tle-builder, s. ono who forms visionary schemes, as castles in the air. Cas'tle-building, *. the act of forming wild or groundless projects. Cas'tled, a. furnished with castles. Cas'tor, j. tho beaver ; a beaver hat. Castof and Pollux are two stars, also called Gemini or tho Twins. Castor-oil, *. an oil extracted from the palm? Christi, in the West Indies. Cas'trate, v. to emasculate. Castra'tion, *. the act of emasoulating. CAS 40 CED Castrel, s. a kind of hawk. Cas'ual, a. accidental, uncertain, fortuitous. Cas'ually, ad. accidentally ; without design. Cas'ualty, s. chance; an accident. Cas'uist, *. one who studies and settles cases of conscience. Casuistical, a. relating to doubtful cases. Cas'uistry, s. the science or skill of a casuist Cat, s. a domestic animal. Catachrc'sis, s. in rhetoric, abuse of a trope. Cat'acomb, s. a cave for the burial of the dead. Catacou'stics,s.the science of reflected sounds. Catalec'tic, a. wanting a syllable in metrical measure. Cat'alepsy, s. a lighter species of the apo- plexy, or epilepsy. Catalep'tic, a. pertaining to catalepsy. Cat'alogue, s. a list of names, articles, &c. Cat'alogue, v. to make a list of. Catamoun'tain, s. the wild or mountain cat, a fierce animal resembling a cat. Cat'aplasrh, s. a poultice, soft plaster. Cat'apult, s. an engine to throw stones, &c. Cat'aract, s. a waterfall ; a disease in the eyes. Catar'rh, s. a cold or rheum in the head. Catarrhal, a. relating to the catarrh. Catas'trophe, s. the denouement of a drama- tic piece ; a final event ; a disastrous ter- mination. Cat'cal, s. a small squeaking instrument. Catch, v. to lay hold on, to seize, to ensnare. Catch, s. the act of seizing ; any thing caught ; a song, the parts of which are caught up by different singers. Catch 'cr, s. he that catches. Catch ing, p. and a. infectious, apt to catch. Catoh'penny, s. any worthless publication. Catch 'poll, s. a sergeant, a bailiff's follower. Cat'chup, Cat'sup, s. a hind of pickle usually made from mushrooms. Catch' word, S. the word sometimes put at the bottom of a page, and which is the first in the page succeeding. Catechet'ical, a. consisting of questions and answers ; catechising. Catechet'ically, ad. by question and answer. Cat'echise, v. to instruct by questions. Cat'echiser, s. one who interrogates. Cat'echism, s. a form of instruction by ques- tions and answers. Cat'echist, s. one who teaches the catechism. Catcchis'tical, a. instructing by interrogation. Catechu'men, s. one who is yet in the first rudiments of Christianity ; a pupil little advanced. Categorical, a. absolute, positive. Categorically, ad. absolutely ; positively. Cat'egory, s. a classifj cation of all the objects of human thought ; a class or predicament ; an order of ideas. Catena'tion, 5. regular connexion, a Jink. Ca'ter, v. to provide food ; to purvey. Ca'terer, s. a provider of victuals. Cat'erpillar, *. an insect, a grub. Cat'erwaul, v. to cry like a cat. Cat'erwauling, s. the cry of cats. Cates, s. cakes, dainties, nice food. Cat'gut, s. a string for musical instruments. Cathar'tic, s. a purgative medicine. Cathar'tic, Cathar'tical, a. purgative. Cat'head, s. a strong beam over a ship's bows. Cathe'dra, s. a pulpit ; a professor's chair. Cathe'dral, s. an episcopal or head church a. pertaining to a bishop's seat or see. Cath'eter, s. a surgical instrument. Cath'olic, Cathol'ical, a. universal. Cath'olic, s. a member of the Church of Rome. Catholicism, Catholi"city, s. adherence to the Catholic Church ; universality. Cathol'icon, s. a universal remedy. Cat'kins, s. imperfect flowers resembling cats' tails. Catop'trical, a. relating to reflected vision. Catop'trics, s. that part of optics which treats of vision by reflection. Cat's-paw, s. the dupe of another. Cat'tle, *. beasts of pasture. Cau'dal, a. relating to the tail of an animal. Cau'dle, s. a warm drink mixed with wine, spice, &c. for women in childbed. Caul, s. part of a cap or wig ; the omentum. Cauliflower, s. a flowering species of cabbage. Caus'al, a. relating to or implying causes. Causality, s. the agency of a cause. Caus'ative, a. that effects as an agent. Caus'atively, ad. in a causative manner. Cause, s. that which produces an effect ; a reason, a motive, a suit or case at law ; a side or party : v. to effect or produce. Cau'seless, a. having no just reason. Cau'selessly, ad. without cause or reason. Cau'selessness, s. unjust ground. Cau'ser, *. one who causes ; the agent. Cau'sey, Cau'seway, s. a raised paved way. Caus'tic, s. a corroding or burning applica- tion : a. burning, hot and pungent. Caustfcity, Caus'ticness, s. the quality of being caustic. Cau'tcrize, v. to burn with irons ; to sear. Cau'tion, s. prudence, care, warning : v. to warn, to admonish. Cau'tionary, a. warning ; given as a pledge. Cau'tious, a. wary, watchful, prudent. Cau'tiously, ad. in a prudent wary manner. Cau'tiousness, *. vigilance, circumspection. Cavalca'do, s. a procession on horseback. Cavalier', s. a knight; a partisan of Charles I., a royalist: a. gay, brave; haughty, proud. Cavalierly, ad. haughtily, disdainfully. Cav'alry, s. horse troops, horse soldiers. Cave, *. a den, a cell, hollow place. Ca'veat, s. a writ or process to stop proceed- ings ; a caution or admonition. Cav'ern, s. a cave, den, hollow place. Cav'erned, Cav'ernous, a. full of caverns. Cavia're, *. the roe of the sturgeon, or other large fish, salted. Cavil, s. false or frivolous objections : v. to raise objections, to wrangle. Caviller, s. a captious disputant. Cavilling, s. frivolous disputation. Cav'illingly, ad. in a cavilling manner. Cavity, s. a hollow place, a cavern. Caw, v. to cry as a rook or crow. Cay'enne, s. a very pungent pepper. Cay'man, s. the American alligator. Cazi'que, s. a title given to the petty kings among the aboriginal Americans. Cease, v. to leave off; to stop; to be extinct. Cea'seless, a. never ceasing, perpetual. Cea'selessly, ad. perpetually, incessantly. Ce'dar, s. a large evergreen tree. CED 41 CHA Cede, v. to yield up, to surrender. Cedilla, s. a mark put under the French c, thus 9, to show that it is to be sounded like s. Ceil, v. to overlay or cover the inner roof. Ceil'ing, s. the inner roof. Cel'ebrate, v. to praise ; to make famous. Celebralion, s. solemn remembrance ; praise. Celeb'rity, s. fame, celebration, renown. Celerity, s. swiftness, velocity, haste. Cel'ery, s. a species of parsley. Celoslial, j. an inhabitant of heaven : a. heavenly, supremely happy. Celibacy, s. a single life. Cell, s. a small close room ; a cave, a cavity. Cellar, s. a room under ground where liquors or stores are deposited. Cellarage, s. cellars; space for cellars. Cellaret, s. a case for holding bottles. Cellular, a. consisting of little cells. Cellule, s. a little cell. Cel'situde, s. height ; altitude. Cem'ent, s. that which unites ; mortar. Cement', v. to join together, to solder. Cementa'tion, s. the act of cementing. Cement'er, s. one that cements. Cem'etery, s. a burial-place, a churchyard. Cen'obite, s. a monk, a recluse. Cen'otaph, s. an empty or honorary tomb. Cen'ser, s. a perfuming or incense pan. Cen'sor, s. a magistrate of Rome who had the power of correcting manners ; one ad- dicted to censuring others. Censo'rial, a. full of censure ; severe. Censo'rious, a. addicted to censure, severe. Censo'riousness, s. disposition to find fault. Cen'sorlike, a. censorious, austere. Cen'sorship, s. the office of a censor. Gen'surable, a. deserving censure, culpable. Cen'surableness, s. blamableness. Cen'sure, s. blame, reproach, judgment : v. to blame, to condemn. Cen'sus, s. a numbering of the population. Cent, s. an abbreviation of the Latin word centum, a hundred ; an American coin, of which a hundred go to the dollar. Cent'age, s. rate by the hundred. Cen'taur, s. a poetical being, represented as half man, half horse. Cen'taury, s. the name of a plant. Cen'tenary, s. the number of a hundred. Centen'nial, a. consisting of a hundred years. Centesimal, a. the hundredth part. Cenligrade, a. consisting of 100 degrees. Cenlipede, s. a many -legged insect. Cenlo, s. a composition consisting of scraps and fragments from various authors. Cen'tral, a. relating to the centre. Cen'trally, ad. in a central manner. Cen'tre, s. the middle point. Cenlre, v. to place on a centre ; to rest on. Centrifugal, a. flying from the centre. Centrip'etal, a. tending to the centre. Cen'tuplc, a. a hundred fold : v. to multiply a hundred fold. Centu'rion, s. a Roman military officer who commanded a hundred men. Cen'tury, s. a hundred years. Cephalic, a medicinal for the head. Ce'rato, s. a salve made of wax and oil. Celated, a. covered with wax. Cero, v. to cover or smear over with wax. Ce'real, Cerealious, a. pertaining to corn. Cerebellum, s. the hinder portion of the brain. Cer'ebral, a. belonging to the brain. Cer'ebrum, s. the fore-part of the brain. Ce'recloth, Ce'rement, *. cloth dipped in wax in which dead bodies were wrapped. Ceremo'nial, 5. outward form ; external rite. Ceremo'nial, Ceremo'nious, a. formal. Ceremony, s. outward rite ; form in religion; forms of civility. Ceremo'nially, ad. according to ceremony. Ceremo'niously, ad. with due forms. Ce'reous, a. waxen, resembling wax. Cer'tain, a. sure, resolved, unfailing ; some. Cerlainly, ad. indubitably, without fail. Cerlainty, s. exemption from doubt or fail- ure ; that which is real ; truth, fact. Cerles, ad. certainly ; verily ; in truth. Certificate, s. a testimony in writing. Cerlify, v. to give assurance of. Cer'titude, s. certainty ; freedom from doubt. Cerulean, a. blue or sky-color. Ce'ruse, s. white lead reduced to calx. CerVix, *. the hind part of the neck. Cess, s. a rate or tax : v. to rate. Cessa'tion, s. a stop, rest ; intermission. Cession, s. a yielding or giving up. Cess'pool, s. a receptacle for liquid filth. Ceta'ceous, a. of the whale kind. Chafe, v. to warm by rubbing ; to inflame or make angry ; to fret. Cha'fer, s. an insect ; a sort of beetle. Chaff, s. the husks of corn ; a worthless thing. Chaffer, v. to higgle or bargain about. Chaf ferer, s. a dealer ; a hard bargainer. Chaffinch, s. a bird said to like chaff. Chaffy, a. full of chaff; like chaff. Cha'fmgdish, s. a portable grate for coals Chagri'n, s. ill humour, vexation : v. to vex, to tease. Chain, s. a series of links or rings ; a fetter : v. to fasten with a chain ; to enslave. Chain'pump, s. a pump used in sbips. Chain'shot, s. bullets fastened by a chain. Chain'work, s. work with open spaces like the links of a chain. Chair, s. a moveable seat, a sedan. Chairlnan, s. the president of any public meeting ; one who carries a sfdan. Chaise, s. a kind of light carriage. Chal'cedony, s. a fine variegated stone. Cha'ldron, *. a coal measure of 36 bushels. Chal'ieo, s. a cup, a bowl. Challced, a. having a cell or cup. Chalk'-stone, s. a white concretion in the hands and feet of gouty persons. Challengeable, a. that may be challenged. Challenger, *. one that challenges. Chalk, s. a white calcareous earth : v. to rub or mark with chalk. Chalk'pit, s. a place whore chalk is dug. Chalky, a. consisting of chalk, white. Challenge, v. to call to a contest or fight ; to accuse or object to : s. a summons to fight. Chalyb'ean, a. pertaining to steel. Chalyb'eate, a. impregnated with iron. Cham, Khan, s. the sovereign of Tartary. Chama'de, s. the beat of a drum, denoting a surrender, or a desire to parley. Cha'mber, s. an apartment in an upper story : v. to occupy as a chamber. CHA 42 CHA Cha'mberer, s. a mail of intrigue. Cha'mbcrhig, s. intrigue, wantonness. Cha'mbcrlain, s. one who takes care of cham- bers ; an officer of state. Cha'mbermaid, s. a servant who has the care of bedrooms. Chalnber-practice, s. the practice of barris- ters who give opinions in their rooms. Chameleon, s. a kind of lizard. Cham'fer, 5. the fluting in a column. Cham'ois, s. an animal of the goat kind ; leather made of the goat's skin. Champ, v. to gnaw, to bite. Champa'gnc, s. a brisk, sparkling wine from Champagne in France. Cham'paign, s. a flat open country. •Champign'on, [Fr.]s. a small kind of mush- room. Cham'pion, s* one that fights in single com- bat ; a defender ; a hero. Chance, s. casual event, accident, fortune : a. fortuitous : v. to happen. Chan'ccl, s. the east end of a church. Chan'cellor, s. a great officer of state. Chancellorship, s. the office of chancellor. Chance-medley, s. the killing of a person by chance. Chan'ccry, s. the chief court of equity. Chandelier', s. a branch to hold candles. Chandler, s. one who makes and sells can- dles ; a dealer. Chandlery, s. the articles sold by a chandler. Change, s. alteration, novelty ; small money: v. to alter, to exchange. Changeable, a. subject to frequent changes; inconstant, fickle. Cha'ngeableness, s. inconstancy ; fickleness. Cha'ngcably, ad. inconstantly. Cha'ngeful, a. inconstant, mutable, fickle. Cha'ngeless, a. without change ; constant. Changeling, s. a child changed for another ; an idiot, a natural, a wavtrer. Chan'nel, s. the hollow bed of running waters, a narrow sea ; a furrow in a pillar : v. to cut in channels. Chan'son, [Fr.] s. a song. Chant, s. a song, a melody ; part of the ca- thedral service : v. to sing cathedral service. Chant'er, s. a singer in a cathedral, a songster. Chant'ress, s. a female singer. Chanticleer', s. the cock. Chanting, s. the act of singing. Chant'ry', s. a chapel or part of a church for priests to sing mass in. Cba'os, s. a confuted mass of matter, confu- sion ; the beginning of the creation. Chaotic, a. resembling chaos; confused. Chap, s. a cleft, a chink or gap ; a beast's jaw : v. to open, to crack, to split. Chape, s. a thin plate of metal at the point of a scabbard ; the catch of a buckle. Cha'peau, [Fr.] 5. a hat; a cap or bonnet. Chap'el, s. a place of worship. Chap'elrv, J. the bounds of a chapel. Chap'eron, [Fr.] s. a kind of hood or cap worn by knights ; the gentleman who pro- tects or attends on a lady in public : v. to attend on a lady in a public assembly. Chap'fallen, a. silenced ; dejected. Chap'iter, s. the capital of a pillar. Chap'lain, s. a clergyman who performs di- vine service in the army or navy, or in a nobleman's or a private family. ' Chaplaincy, Chap'lainship, s. the office of a chaplain. Chap'let, s. a garland or wreath for the head. Chap'man, s. a dealer in goods ; a cheapener. Chap'ter, s. a division of a book ; an assembly of the clergy of a cathedral. Chap'ter-house, s. a house where the clergy meet. Char, v. to burn wood to a black cinder. Char, v. to work by the day, without being a hired servant. Char, s. a small fish. Char'acter, s. a mark ; reputation ; a letter. Char'acter, v. to inscribe ; to describe. Characteris'tic, a. peculiar to, distinguish- ing : s. that which constitutes the character. Characteris'tically, ad. in a manner that dis- tinguishes character. Characterize, v. to give a character of a per- son ; to imprint ; to mark with a stamp. Chara'de, [Fr.] s. a riddle, usually in verse. Charcoal, s. coal made by burning wood. Charge, s. trust ; expense ; onset ; command : v. to entrust ; to impute as a debt ; to ac- cuse ; to load a gun ; to command. Changeable, a. expensive, costly ; accusable. Char'ger, s. a large dish ; a war horse. Cha'rily, ad. warily, frugally. Cha'riness, s. caution, care, nicety. Chariot, s. a carriage of pleasure or state. Charioteer', s. a chariot driver, a coachman. Charitable, a. kind, bountiful, candid. Charitableness, s. the exercise of charity ; disposition to charity. Charitably, ad. kindly, benevolently. Charity, s. tenderness, love, good-will ; alms. Charlatan, s. a mountebank, quack, cheat. Charlatanlcal, a. quackish, ignorant. Charlatanry, s. deceit ; quackery. Charles's-wain, s. a northern constellation, called the Great Bear. Charm, s. a spell or enchantment ; something to gain the affections : v. to bewitch, to delight, to appease. Charm'er, s. one who charms or enchants. Charming, s. enchanting, delighting. Charmingly, ad. iu a delightful manner. Char'nel-house, s. a receptacle for the bones of the dead, a vault for dead bodies. Chart, s. a delineation of coasts ; a map. Charier, s. a privilege, immunity or exemp- tion, by royal grant, in writing : v. to es- tablish by charter ; to let or hire a ship by charter. Chartered, a. privileged ; granted by charter. Charlvonian, s. a woman hired by the day. Cha'ry, a. careful, cautious, diligent. Chase, s. a piece of ground for hunting, larger than a park ; hunting itself; pur- suit of an enemy ; the bore of a gun : v to hunt, to pursue, to drive away ; to chase metals. See Enchase. Cha'ser, s. hunter; pursuer; an enchaser. Chasm, s. a cleft, an opening, a vacuity. Chasseu'rs, [Fr.] s. a select body of light infantry. CHA 43 Chaste, a. pure, uncorrupt, honest. Cha'ste-eyed, a. having modest eyes. Cba'stely, ad. in a chaste manner, purely. Cha'sten, v. to punish, to correct, to purify. Chasti'se, v. to correct by punishing. Chas'tisevnent, s. correction, punishment. Chasti'ser, s. he who corrects by punishment. Chas'tity, s. purity of the body ; chasteness or purity. Chat, v. to" prate, to talk idly, to prattle : s. idle talk, prattle, conversation. Chateau', [Fr.] s. a castle, country seat. Chat'tel, s. any moveable property. Chat'ter, s. noisy and idle prattle : v. to utter sounds without meaning. Chat'terbox, Cnat'terer, s. an idle talker. Chaffering, s. rapid inarticulate sounds. Chat'ty, a. conversing freely. Cheap, a. bearing a low price ; of small value ; easy to be had. Cheapen, v. to attempt to purchase ; to make cheap or to lessen the value. Cheap'ener, s. a bargainer. Cheaply, ad. at a small price. Cheap'ness, s. lowness of price. Cheat, s. a fraud, a trick ; a deceiver : v. to impose on, to deceive, to gull. Cheat'er, s. one that practises fraud. Check, v. to repress, curb, chide, control : s. a stop, curb, restraint, dislike, reproof; a kind "of checked or chequered linen; a countermark. Check'-mate, s. the term used at chess when the king is made prisoner ; a check that finishes the game of chess : v. to finish. Cheek, s. the side of the face below the eye. Cheek'bone, s. the bone of the cheek. Cheek'-tooth, s. the hinder tooth or tusk. Cheep, v. to chirp, as a small bird. Cheer, s. a shout of applause ; entertain- ment, gaiety, jollity : v. to incite, to comfort. Checr'er, s. one who promotes mirth. Cheer'ful, a. gay, full of life, merry. Cheer'fulnoss, s. alacrity, liveliness, mirth. Checrl'ully, ad, without dejection ; gaily. Cheer'less, a. sad, gloomy, comfortless. Cheerily, Cheerly, ad, cheerfully. Cheer'y, a sprightly, making gay/ Cheese, s. food made from milk curds. Chee'secake, s. a cake of curds, sugar, &c. Chee'semonger. s. one who sells cheese. Chee'sevat, s. the wooden case in which the curds are pressed into cheese. Chee'sy, a. having the nature of cheese. Chemi'se, [Fr.] .v. a shift ; in fortification, a wall that iines a bastion. Chemist, *. one versed in chemistry. Chemistry, .v. the science by which the nature and properties of bodies are analyzed and ascertained. Cheque, s. an order to pay money on demand. Cheq'uer, v. to variegate ; to diversify. Cherish, v. to treat with tenderness ; to nurso; to comfort ; to shelter. Cherlsher, 5. an encourager, a supporter. Cher'ry, s- a fruit : a. ruddy, blooming. Cher'ry-chccked,a. having blooming cheeks. Cher'ub, s. a celestial spirit Chcrlibim, s. the Hebrew plural of cherub. Cher'up, v. to chirp ; to use a lively voice. CHI Chest'nut, s. the fruit of the che.t-nut tree : a. of the color of a chestnut. Chess, s. a scientific game. Chess'-board, J. a board to play chess on. Chest, J. a largo box or coffer ; the breast. Chevalie'r, s. a knight, a gallant man. Chevaux-de-Fri'se, [Fr.] s. a military fence composed of a piece of timber, traversed with spikes. Chev'eril, s. a kid ; kid leather. Chew, v. to grind with the teeth, to masti- cate ; to meditate on. to ruminate. Chiaro-oscuro, [Ital.] lights and shades in painting. Chica'ne, s. a trick in law proceedings ; sophistry ; protracting a debate by artifice. Chica'nery, s. trickery ; mean artifice. Chica'ne, v. to prolong a contest by tricks. Chica'ner, s. a petty sophister ; a caviller Chick, Chick'en, s. the young of liens. Chick'en -hearted, a. timorous, pusillanimous. Chick'en-pox, s. a mild form of small-pox ; a pustulous distemper. Chick'peas, s. a kind of degenerate pea. Chick'weed, s. the name of a plant. Chide, v. to reprove, to blame, to reproach. Chi'der, s. one who chides. Chilling, s. the act of reproving, a rebuke. Chillingly, ad. in a chiding manner. Chief, a. principal, eminent : «. a leader. Chiefly, ad. principally, above all. Chief'rie, s. a small feudal rent. Chieftain, s. a leader, a commander. Chief'tainry, Chieftainship, s. headship. Chil'blain, s. a blain or swelling made by frost or cold. Child, s. an infant ; male or female offspring. Childbearing, s. the act of bearing children. Childbed, s. the state of a woman in labor. Childbirth, s. the act of bringing forth. Childhood, s. infancy, the state of a child. Childish, a. trivial, puerile, like a child. Childishly, ad. in the manner of a child. Childishness, s. puerility, harmlessness. Childless, a. having no children, barren. Childlike, a. becoming or like a child. Chil'dren, s. the plural of Child. Chill, a. cold, depressed : s. chilness, cold : v. to make cold, to discourage. Chilliness, s. a sensation of shivering. Chilly, a. somewhat cold, frosty, raw. Chil'ness, s. coldness ; want of warmth. Chime, s. a sound of bells, concord of sound. Chime, v. to sound in harmony ; to agree. Chimo'ra, s. a fabulous monster ; a wild fancy. Chimerical, a. imaginary, whimsical. Chimcr'ically, ad. wildly, fantastically. Chim'ney, s. a passage made for smoke. Chim'ney-piece, s. an ornamental frame of marble, stone, &o. round a fire-place. Chim'ney-sweeper, s. one whose trade is to clean chimneys. Chimlst, Chimlstry. See Chemist. Chimpan'zeo, s. an animal of the ape species. Chin, s. the lowest part of the huutan face. Chi'na, s. a species of fine earthenware, first made in China. Ch ilia-orange, s. the sweet orange, firat brought from China. Chi'naware, s. fine porcelain. Chin'cough, s. a violent disease of children. CHI 44 Chine, s. the backbone : v. to cut into chines. Chink, s. a narrow aperture ; money, in cant language : v. to jingle like mono v. Chink'y, a. full of chinks, gaping, open. Chintz, s. fine Indian printed calico. Chip, *. a small fragment cut off. Chip, v. to cut into small pieces, to hack. Chira'gra, s. gout in the hands. Chirog'rapher, s. one who practises writing as a profession ; an officer in the Common Pleas, who engrosses fines in that court. Chir'omancy, s. divination by the hand. Chirop'eclist, .?. one who extracts corns. Chirp, v. to imitate the noise of birds : s. the voice of birds or insects. Chirping, s. the gentle noise of birds. Chirur'geon, s. a surgeon ; an operator. Chirur'gery, s. the art of surgery. Chirur'gical, a. relating to surgery. Chis'el, s. a carpenter's tooi to pare with : v. to cut with a chisel. Chit, s. a baby, a child ; a sprout. Cliit'chat, s. prattle, common trifling talk. Chit'terlings, s. the entrails of an animal. Chit'ty, a. childish, like a baby. Chiv'alrous, a. warlike ; adventurous. ChiValry, s. knighthood ; knightly valour. Chive, j. a kind of small onion. Chives, s. the threads or filaments rising in flowers, with seeds at the end. Chlo'rate, s. chlorio acid with a base. Chlo'ric, a. pertaining to chlorine. Chlo'ride, s. a compound of chlorine with a combustible body. Chloline, s. a gaseous body of greenish hue ; a bleaching liquid. Chlo'rite, s. a grass-green mineral, composed of little spangles and scales. Choc'olate, s. a preparation of the Indian cocoa-nut shell ; the liquor made with it. Choice, s. a thing chosen ; power of choosing ; variety, plenty ; best part of any thing. Choice, a. select, of great value ; careful. Choi'celess, a. not having the power of choosing. Choi'ce] y, ad. with great care ; curiously. Choi'ceness, s. nicety, of particular value. Choir, .9. a body of singers ; part of a church. Choke, v. to suffocate, to block up. Cho'ke-uamp, s. a noxious vapor in coal mines. Cho'ke-full, a. as full as possible. Chol'er, *. the bile ; anger, irascibility. Chorcra-mor'bus, s. a sudden and violent evacuation of bile, &c., very generally proving fatal, and supposed to be conta- gious. Chol'erio, a. full of choler, angry, offensive. Chol'ericness, s. irascibility ; anger. Choose, v. to select, to pick out. Chop, v. to cut with a quick blow ; to mince or cut into small pieces ; to bargain, to barter. Chop, s. a small piece of meat ; a cleft. Chop'house, s. a houso to eat provisions at. Chop'per, s. a butcher's oleaver or axe. Chop'ping. a. lusty, plump, as a child. Chop'py, a. full of cracks or clefts. Chops, Chaps, s. pi. the jaws of a beast. Cho'ral, a. belonging to or singing in a choir. Chord, s. the string of a musical instrument. CHU Chord, v. to furnish with musical strings. Cho'rist, Chorister, s. a singer in cathedrals. Cho'rus, s. a number of singers ; a concert. Chough, *. a sea bird which frequents rocks. Chouse, v. to cheat, to trick. Chrism, s. a holy unguent or oil. Chris'ten, v. to baptize, to name. Chris'tendom, s. the countries inhabited by Christians ; the whole body of Christians. Chris'tening, s. the act of baptizing infants. Chris'tian, s. a disciple of Christ : a. belong- ing to the religion of Christ. Christianity, s. the religion taught by Christ. Christianize, v. to make Christian. Chris'tianlike, a. befitting a Christian. Chris'tianly, a. in a Christian manner. Christ'mas, s. the festival of the Nativity of Christ, December 25. Christ'mas-box, s. a box in which presents are collected at Christmas ; a Christmas gift. Chromat'ic, s. that kind of music that pro- ceeds by a succession of semitones. Chromat'ic, a. relating to colors ; relating to music. Chromat'ics. s. the science of colors. Chron'ic, Chron'ieal, a. of long continuance. Chron'icle, s. a history, register, record : v. to record in history, to register. Chron 'icier, 5. a historian, recorder of events. Chronol'oger, s. an explainer of past time. Chronolo"gical, a. relating to time. Chronolo"gically, ad. in a chronological manner. Chronol'ogist, *. one skilled in chronology. Chronol'ogy, s. the art of computing time. Chronom'eter, *. an instrument for the exact mensuration of time. Chrys'alis, s. anrelia, or the form of certain insects, as butterflies, before they become winged ; so called because the color is generally golden. Chrys'olite, s. a precious stone of a dusky gTeen, having in general a golden cast. Chub, s. the name of a short, thick fish. Chub'by, a. plump, fat. Chuck, v. to call as a hen calls her young ; to touch or hit gently ; to pitch to a short distance : $. a word of endearment ; a pat under the chin. Chuck'-farthing, s. a vulgar game. Chuckle, v. to make a chucking noise ; to laugh at or over. Chuff, s. a blunt clownish person. Chuf'fy, s. blunt ; surly ; fat. Chum, s. a chamber fellow ; a messmate. Church, s. a place of divine worship ; the collective body of Christians. Church'ing, s. the act of giving thanks in the church after child-birth. Church'l iko, a. befitting a churchman. Church'man, s. a clergyman ; a member of the Church of England. Churchwar'den, s. a parish officer chosen by the minister and parishioners. Church'yard, s. the burial ground of a church. Churl, s. a niggard ; a rustic, rude person. Churlish, a. rude, surly, selfish. Churlishly, ad. rudely, surlily. Churlishness, s. rudeness, ill-nature. Churn, v. to make butter. Churn, *. a vessel used in making butter. CHU 45 CLA Churn'ing, s. the act of making butter. Chyle, s. a milky juice formed in the stomach by digestion. Chyme, s. chyle in a state of preparation. Chymlst, s. See Chemist. Chym'istry, s. See Chemistry. Cica'da, s. a cricket; a genus of insects. Cic'atrice, s. a scar left by a wound. Cic'atrize, v. to heal a wound, to skin over. Cicero'ne, [Ital.] s. a guido; a conductor. Cicero'niau, a. like Cicero ; pure, elegant. Ciou'ta, s. a plant, water hemlock. Cid, [Span.] s. a valiant chief; a commander. Ci'der, s. a liquor made from apple juice. Cigar', s. tobacco leaves rolled up for smoking. Cil'iary, a. relating to tho eyelids. Cili"cious, a. made of hair, hairy. Cim'eter, s. See Scimitar. Cimme'rian, a. extremely dark. Cinc'ture, s. a belt, sash, girdle. Cin'der, s. a coal that has ceased to burn. Cin'nabar, s. an ore of quicksilver. Cin'namon, s. the fragrant bark of a tree. Cinque, s. five, the number of five on dice. Cin'que-foil, *. a kind of five-leaved clover. Cin'que-pace, s. a grave kind of dance. Cin'que-ports, s. five ports on the eastern coast of England; viz. Hastings, Dover, Hytho, Romney, and Sandwich. Ci'pher. s. the character (0) in numbers ; the initials of a person's name interwoven ; a secret manner of writing: v. to cast ac- counts ; to write in occult characters. Ciphering, s. the art of casting accounts. Cir'cle, s. a round body, an orb ; a company. Cir'cle, v. to move round any thing ; to sur- round ; to enclose. Cir'cuit, s. the act of moving round ; a circu- lar space ; a portion of the country visited by the judges of assize. Cir'cuit, v. to go round. Circu'itous, a. going round in a circuit. Cir'cular, s. a letter or paper sent round. Cir'cular, a. like a circle, round. Circularly, a. in the form of a circle. Cir'culate, v. to move round, to spread. Circula'tion, .?. the act of moving round. Circumam'bient, a. surrounding. Cir'cu incise, v. to cut off the foreskin. Circumcision, s. the act of circumcising. Circum'ference, s. the periphery of a circle. Circumferen'tor, s. an instrument used in surveying to measure angles. Cir'cumflect, v. to place the circumflex on words. Circumflex, s. an accent used to regjilato the pronunciation of syllables, marked thus (*). Circum'fluent, a. flowing round any thing. Circum'flunus, a. environing with waters. Circumfu'se, v. to diffuse, to spread every- where ; to pour round. Circumfu'sion, *. the act of pouring round. Circivmgyra'tion, s. a rolling or turning round. Ciroumja'cent, a. iying round any thing. Cireumlocu'tion, 3. the use of indirect ex- pressions, a circuit of words. Circumloc'utury, a. periphrastical. Circumnav'igablo, a. that which may be 9ailed round. Circumnavigate, v. to sail round. Circumnavigation, s. the act of sailing round. CircumnaVigator, s. one who sails round. Circumpb'lar, a. round the pole. Circumscri'bo, v. to enclose, limit, confine. Cir'cumspect, a. cautious, watchful, wary. Circumspec'tien, s. caution, watchfulness. Circumspective, a. watchful, vigilant. Circumspec'tively, ad cautiously. Circumspectly, ad. vigilantly, watchfully. Cir'cuinspectness, s. caution, vigilance. Cir'cumstance, s. an accident, event; a fact connected with something else. Circumstanced, a. situated or placed. Circumstan'tial, a. minute, detailed. Circumstantiality, S. the appendage of cir- cumstances. Circumstantially, ad. minutely, exactly. Circumstan'tiate, v. to describe exactly. Circumvalla'tion, s. a fortification surround- ing a besieged place. Circumvent', v. to overreach, to deceive. Circumven'tion, s. deception, fraud. Circumvol've, v. to roll round about. Circumvolu'tion, s. a turning or rolling round. Cir'eus, s. an area for sports, with seats around for the spectators. Cisal'pine, a. on the Italian side of the Alps. Cis'tern, s. a receptacle for water. Cit, s. a pert low townsman. Cit'adel, s. a fortress or castle in a city. Cita'tion, s. a summons to appear before a judge ; a quotation from another author. Ci'tatory, a. having the power of citation. Cite, v. to summons; to quote. Cit'izen, s. an inhabitant of a city ; a freeman. Citizenship, s. the freedom of a city. Cit'ric-acid, s. the acid of lemons. Cit'rine, a. like a citron ; of a lemon color. Cit'rine, s. a species of yellow crystal. Cit'ron, *. a fruit resembling a lemon. Cit'y, *. a corporate and cathedral town. Civ'et, s. a perfume obtained from a small animal called the civet cat. Civic, a. relating to civil honors. Civil, a. relating to the community; civi- lized ; polite. CWil-law, s. the national law of a country CWi\-war, s. an intestine war. Civilian, s. a professor of civil law. Civility, s. politeness, courtesy, kindness. Civiliza'tion, s. the state of being civilized. Civilize, v. to reclaim from barbarism. Civilized, p. and a. reclaimed, polished. Civlly, ad. politely ; complaisantly. Clack, *. part of a mill ; a continued noise : v. to talk fast, to let the tongue run. Claim, s. a demand of any thing as of right. Claimable, a. that which may be claimed. Claim'ant, s. one who claims or demands. Clam, v. to clog with any glutinous matter. Clam'ber, v. to climb with difficulty. Clam'miness, *. stickiness, viscosity. Clam'my, a. viscous, sticky, moist. Clani'orous, a. noisy, loud, importunate. Clam'orously, ad. in a noisy manner. Clam'or, Clam'our, s. noise, outcry, vocifera- tion : v. to vociferate. Clamp, s. a piece of wood or iron used to strength en any thing : v.' to strengthen by means of a clamp. Clan, s. a family ; sect of persons ; a race. . CLA 43 OLO Ciandcs'tine, a. secret, hidden, private. Clandes'tinely, ad. secretly, craftily. Clan'gor, Clan'gour, s. a loud, shrill rjoise. Clang, v. to make a loud and shrill noise : s. a shrill, harsh noise. Clan'ish, a. united, like a clan. Clank, v. to make a noise like the clanking of a chain. Clan'ship, s. an association of families. CJap, s. a loud noise ; an explosion of thun- der ; an act of applause : t>. to strike to- gether with quick motion; to applaud with the hands. Clapper, s. he or that which claps ; the tongue of a hell. Clap'pcrclaw, v. to scold, chide, revile. Clare-obscu're. See Chiaro-oscuro. Clar'et, s. a clear, pale-red, French wine. Clarifica'tion, s. the act of making clear. Clar'ifier, s. that which makes clear. Clarify, v. to make clear, to purify. Clarionet, s. a kind of haul boy. Ciar'ion, s. a kind of trumpet. Clash, v. to strike against ; to oppose. Clash, s. a noisy collision of two bodies. Clash'ing, s. collision ; opposition. Clasp, s. a kind of hook, a holdfast : v. to shut or hold with a clasp ; to embrace. Clasp'knife, *. a knife which shuts up. Class, s. a rank, order, degree ; a set : v. to arrange in classes. Clas'sic, Cias'sical, a. relating to authors of the first class or order ; learned ; elegant. Clas'sically, ad. in a classical manner. Clas'sics, s. pi. the term applied to the writ- ings of the ancients in the Latin or Greek. Classifica'tion, s. the act of ranging into classes. Clas'sify, v. to arrange, to class. Clat'ter, J. a rattling confused noise : v. to make a confused noise. Clat'tering, *. a rattling confused noise. Clause, s. a sentence, a stipulation. Clavicle, .?. the collar bone. Claw, s. the foot of a beast or bird : v. to tear with claws, to scratch. Clay, s. a tenacious kind of earth : v. to cover with clay. Clay'-cold, a. cold as clay, lifeless, dead. Clay'ey, a. consisting of clay ; like clay. Ciaylsh, a. partaking of the nature of clay. Clay'mavl, s. a whitish, smooth, chalky clay. Claymo're, s. a large two-handed Highland sword. Clean, a. free from dirt ; pure, innocent : v. to free from dirt, to cleanse : ad. quite. Cleanliness, Clean'ness, s. neatness, purity. Clean'ly, a. clean, pure, neat: ad. neatly, purely, dexterously. Cleanse, v. to free from dirt ; to purify. Cleans'ing, s. a purification. Clear, a. bright, pure, perspicuous ; free from stain ; innocent : v. to make bright ; to free from obscurity ; to remove any en- cumbrance ; to vindicate or free from im- putation or charges against character; to gain over and above all deductions. Clear'age, 5. the removing of any thing. Clearance, s. the act of clearing ; acquittal. Cleaning, s. justification ; defence. Clearly, ad. plainly, evidently. Clear'ness, s. transparency ; perspicuity. Clear'sighted, a. discerning, judicious. Clearsightedness, s. discernment. Clear'starch, v. to stiffen with starch. Cleave, v. to adhere, stick to ; divide, split. Cleav'er, s. an instrument for cleaving. Clef, s. a mark for the key in music. Cleft, s. an opening made by splitting. Cleui'eney, s. mercy, leniency, humanity. Clem'ent, a. mild, merciful, gentle. Clem'ently, ad. in a merciful manner. Clench, v' See Clinch. Clep'sydra, s. an ancient instrument to mea- sure time by the running of water. Cler'gy, s. the whole order or body of divines. Clergyable, a. the term applied to felonies within benefit of clergy. Cler'gyman, s. a person in holy orders. Cleric, S. a clergyman : a. relating to the character of a clergyman. Cler'ical, a. relating to the clergy, orthodox. Clerk, s. a clergyman ; a scholar ; a man of letters; a writer or bookkeeper ; one that reads the responses in church. Clerk'liko, a. like a clerk ; learned. Clerk'ship, *. scholarship ; office of a clerk. Clev'er, a. skilful, dexterous, ready, fit. Clev 'erly, ad. dexterously, ingeniously. Clev'erness, s. skill, knowledge, art. Clew, s. a ball of thread, &c. ; a guide. Clew, v. to draw np the sails to be furled. Clew-lines, s. ropes fastened to the sails. Click, v . to make a clicking noise. Cli'ent, s. one who employs an attorney ; originally a dependent or follower. Cliff, Clift, s. a steep rock ; a precipice. Cliffy, a. broken, craggy. Climac'ter, *. every seventh or ninth year. Climac'teric, s. and a. a certain mimber of years, atthe end of which somegreat change is supposed to befall the body. The grand climacteric is the 63rd year. Cli'mate, Clime, s. a region or tract of country ; temperature of the air. Cli'max, s. a rhetorical figure, in which tho ascent rises by gradation : ascent. Climb, v. to ascend any place. CJi'mber, s. one that climbs ; a plant. Clinch, v . to .grasp in the hand, to contract or double the fingers ; to rivet or bend tho point of a nail on the other side ; to fix firmly ; to confirm : s. a pun or word with a double meaning ; an ambiguity ; part of a cable. Clinch'er, s. a cramp, a holdfast ; a posing answer. Cling, v. to twine round ; to dry up. Cling'y, a. adhesive, apt to cling. Clin'ic, s. aperson confined inbeil by sickness. Clin'ic, Clinical, a. relating to a discourse upon a disease, made at the bedside of the patient. Clink, j. a sharp sound produced by the col- lision of small sonorous bodies: v. to sound or jingle like metal. Clip, v. to cut short, to embrace, confine. Clipper, s. a debaser of coin by clipping it. Clip'ping, j. tho part cut off: p. cutting. Clique, [Fr.] s. a party, gang, or set. Cloak, s. an outer garment, a cover ; a blind; v. to hide, conceal, cover over. CLO Clock, *. an instrument to show time ; the name of an insect ; a beetle. Clock'work, s. movement by weights or springs like that of a clock. Clod, s. a lump of earth or clay ; a dolt ; a clown : v. to gather into concretions. Clod'dy, a. consisting of earth or clods. Clod'pate, Clod'pole, s. a stupid fellow. Clod'pated, a. stupid ; dull. Clog, s. an encumbrance ; a weight ; a sort of shoo : v. to hinder, obstruct, encumber. Clog'giness, s. the state of being clogged. Clog'gy, a. that has the power of clogging up. Clois'ter, s. a place of religious retirement ; a square with piazzas : v. to shut up in a cloister. Clois'tcred, a. inhabiting a monastery. Close, v. to shut, conclude, confine, join. Close, s. a small field enclosed ; pause, end. Close, a. shut fast ; private ; secret ; cloudy. Clo'se-fisted, a. penurious. Clo'sely, ad. in a close, compact manner. Clo'scness, s. the state of being close. Clos'et, s. a small private room : v. to shut up in a closet ; to conceal. Clo sing, s. period ; conclusion. Clot, s. any thing clotted or coagulated ; a hard lump : v. to form clots, to coagulate. Cloth, s. linen or woollen woven for garments ; the covering for a table. Clothe, v. to cover with garments ; to dress. Clo'thier, s. a maker or seller of cloth. Clo'thing, Clothes, s. garments ; dress. Cfot'ted, p. and a. congealed, curdled. Clot'ty, a. full of clots or concretions. Cloud, v . to grow cloudy ; to obscure. Cloud, s. a body of vapors in the air. Cloud'capt, a. topped with clouds. Cloud'iness, s. being covered with clouds. Cloud'lcss, a. free from clouds, clear, pure. Cloud'y, a. obscure, gloomy, sullen. Clough, s. the cleft of a hill. Clout, s. a cloth for any mean use ; a patch ; a rude blow : v. to patch, to strike. Clout'ed, p. and a. patched ; also wrongly for clotted, as " clouted cream." Clove, s. a spice ; a grain or root of garlic. Clo'ven, p. and a. cleft, divided, separated. Clo'ven-foot, s. a foot divided into two parts. Clo'ven-footed, a. having the foot divided into two parts. Clo'ver, s. a species of trefoil. Clown, s. a rustic, ill-bred man ; a churl. Clown'ish, a. uncivil, awkward, ill-bred. Clowu'ishly, ad. coarsely ; rudely. Clown'ishness, s. rusticity, coarseness. Cloy, v. to surfeit, to glut, to sate. Club,*, a heavy stick; a society; a suit of cards. Club, v. to join in common expense. Club'- footed, a. having crooked feet. Club'-law, s. the law of force. Cluck, v. to call as a hen calls chickens. Clue. See Clew. Clump, s. a shapeless mass ; a cluster of trees. Clum'sily, ad. awkwardly ; without grace. Clum'siness, s. awkwardness, unhandiness. Clum'sy, a. awkward, heavy, ungainly. Clus'ter, s. a bunch, a collection ; v. to grow in bunches. Clutch, v. to grasp or gripe: *. tho gripo : pi. talons, hands. 47 coc Clut'ter, s. a noise, a bustle : v. to make a noise or bustle. Clut'tering, a. hurried, indistinct but noisy. Clys'ter, s. an injection. Coach, s. a carriage of state or pleasure. Coach/box, s. the driver's seat on a coach. Coach'man, s. the driver of a coach. Coadju'tor, s. an assistant, helper, ally. Coag'ulate, v. to curdle, to run into clots. Coagula'tion, s. the act of coagulating ; the body formed by coagulating. Coag'ulative, a. having power to coagulate. Coal, s. a mineral used for firing. Coal, v. to burn wood to charcoal. Coal'-black, a. black in the highest degree. Coal'box, s. a box to carry coals to tho fire. Coal-house, j. a house for keeping coal. Coal'-meter, s. one who superintends the measuring of coals. Coal-mine, s. a mine in which coal is dug. Coal'-pit, s. a pit for digging coals. Coalesce, v. to unite, to join together. Coales'cence, s. act of uniting together. Coali'tion, s. a union in one body ; junction. Coal'y, a. like coal, containing coal. Coarse, a. rude, gross, not fine, rough. Coars'cly, ad. meanly; rudely; inelegantly. Coars'eness, s. meanness, rudeness, rough- ness, want of delicacy. Co-assess'or. s. a joint assessor. Coast, s. an edge, bank, side, shore : v. to sail along or near to the coast. Coast'er, s. one that sails near the shore. Coast'ing-trade, s. trade carried on between different ports of the same .state. Coat, s. a man's upper garment ; the hair or covering of a beast : v. to cover, to over- spread. Coating, s. a covering ; cloth for coats. Coax, v. to wheedle, to entice, to flatter. Coax'cr, s. a wheedler, flatterer. Cob, s. a strong, stout pony. Co'balt, s. a kind of mineral. Cob'ble, v. to mend coarsely or clumsily. Cob'bler, s. a mender of shoes; a bungler. Cob'le, s. a small open fishing-boat. Cob'web, s. a spider's web : a. slight, flimsy. Cob'webbed, a. covered with webs of spiders. Cochineal', s. an insect used to dye scarlet. Cock, s. the male of birds : a spout to let out liquids ; part of a gun ; a heap of hay : v. to set up or fix ; to set up the hat. Cocka'de, s. a riband worn on a hat. Cock'ahoop, ad. in high mirth and jollity. Cockatoo', s. a bird of tho parrot kind. Cock'atrice, s. a kind of serpent. Cock'boat, s. a small boat belonging to a ship. Cock'ehafer, s. the tree-beetle. Cock'crowing, s. the break of day. Cock'er, v. to fondle, to pamper. Cock'erel, s. a young cock, a small cock. Cock'ering, *. indulgence. Cock'horse, a. on horseback ; triumphant. Coc'kle, s. a shellfish ; the weed darnel. Coc'kle, v. to contract into wrinkles like the shell of a cockle. Cock'loft, s. a room over a garret. Cock'ney, s. a citizen of London contempt- uously. Cock'pit, s. a place where cocks fight ; a place on the lower deck of a ship of war. COG Cock'roach, s. an insect resembling a beetle. Cocks'comb, s. the upper part of a cock's head ; the plant loboswort. See Coxcomb. Cock'spur, s. Virginian hawthorn. Cock'-sure, a. quite sure, very confident. Cock'swain, s. commander of the cock-boat. Co'coa, j. a kind of nut ; liquor made from it. Cocoon', s. the fibrous web round a chrysalis. Coc'tile, a. made by baking, as a brick. Coc'tion, s. the act of boiling ; digestion. Cod, s. a sea-fish ; the husk or case of seeds. Code, s. a book of the civil law ; a book. Codg'er, s. a miser ; a penurious fellow. Cod'icil, s. addition or supplement to a will. Codill'e, 5. a term in playing at ombre. Cod'le, v. to parboil. Cod'ling, s. a sort of early apple. Coef'ficacy, Coeffi"ciency, s. co-operation ; joint force of several things acting together. Coeffi"cient, a. that which unites in action ■with something else : s. a term in algebra. Coeffi"ciently, ad. by co-operation. Coenip'tion,s. the act of buying up the whole. Coe'qual, a. equal with, in the samestate. Coequal'ity, s. the state of being equal. Coe'qually, ad. with joint equality. Coer'ce, v. to restrain by force, to check. Coer'cible, a. that may be restrained. Coer'cion, s. a restraint, force, check. Coer'cive, a. restraining by force. Coer'cively, ad. by constraint. Coessen'tial, a. partaking of the same essence. Coessential'ity, s. participation of the same essence. Coessen'tially, ad. in a coessential manner. Coeter'nal, a. equally eternal with another. Cooter'nity, s. joint eternity. Coe'val, a. being of the same age : s. a co- temporary of the same age. Coexec'utor, s. a joint executor. Coexist', v. to exist together, or at one time. Coexist'cnoe, s. existence at the same time. Coexist'ent, a. existing at the same time. Coextend', v . to make of equal extent. Coexten'sion, s. extending to the same space or duration with another. Coexten'sive, a. having the same extent. Coffee, s. the berry of an Arabian tree ; the liquor prepared from that berry. Coffee-house, s. a house of entertainment. Coffee-mill, s. a mill for grinding coffee. Ccf fer, J. a money-chest : v . to treasure up. Coffin, s. a chest to enclose a dead body : v. to enclose in a coffin. Cog, v. to flatter, to wheedle, to cheat, to lie. Cog, s. tooth of a wheel by which it acts. Co'gency, s. force, strength, power. Co'gent, a. forcible, resistless, convincing. Co'gently, ad. forcibly, irresistibly. Co"gitate, v. to think, to meditate. Cogita'tion, s. thought, meditation. Connate, a. born together, alike, allied. Co'gniae, s. the best kind of brandy. Cop r ui"tion, s. knowledge, conviction, trial. Cogn'izable, a. proper or liable to be tried or examined. Cogn'izance, s. a judicial notice. Cogn'izant, a. having knowledge of. Cogno'men, [Lat.] s. a surname ; a family name. Cognoscen'te, [Ital.] s. a connoisseur. 43 COL Cognoscibil'ity, s. the being cognoscible, Cognos'cible, a. that may be known. Cog'wheel, s. a wheel with cogs or teeth. Cohab'it, v. to live together. Cohab'itant, s. one living in the same place. Cohabita'tion, s. the act or state of cohabit- ing. Coheir', s. a joint heir with other persons. Coheir'ess, s. a woman who is a joint heiress. Cohe're, v. to stick together, to agree, to fit. Cohe'rence, Cohe'reney, s. connexion. Cohe'rent, a. sticking together, consistent. Cohe'rently, ad. in a coherent manner. Cohe'sible, a. capable of cohesion. Cohe'sion, s. the act or state of cohering. Cohe'sive, a. having a sticking quality. Cohe'sively, ad. in a connected manner. Cohe'siveness, s. the quality of being cohesive. Co'hort, s. a troop of soldiers. Coif, s. a head-dress, a cap. Coigne, Coin, *. a corner, a quoin. Coil, v. to roll up a rope ; to wind in a ring : s. rope wound into a ring ; a turmoil ; a tumult. Coin, s. money stamped by authority. Coin, v. to make money ; to forge -, invent. Coin'age, s. the practice of coining ; coin. Coinci'de, v. to agree with, to concur. Coin'cidence, *. an agreement, concurrence. Coin'cidcnt, a. agreeing with, united. Coin'er, s. a maker of money ; an inventor. Coi"tion, s. a going together. Cojoin', v. to join with another. Coke, s. a cinder made from pit-coal. Col'ander, s. a straining vessel ; a sieve. Cold, a. not hot ; chill ; frigid ; without pas- sion, reserved, coy: *. coldness; a disorder. Cold-blooded, a. without feeling. Cold-hearted, a. wanting passion. Cold-heart'edness, s. want of feeling. Co'ldish, a. rather cold ; reserved ; shy. Co'ldly, ad. without animation; coolly. Co'ldness, s. want of heat ; indifference. Cole, s. all sorts of cabbage. Co'lewort, s. a sort of cabbage. Col'ic, s. a distemper affecting the bowels. Collap'se, v. to fall together ; to shrink up. Collap'sed, a. withered; fallen down. Coi'lar, s. something worn about the neck : v. to seize by the collar or throat. Col'lar-bone, *". the clavicle. Colla'te, v. to lay together and compare : to examine that nothing be wanting ; to place in an ecclesiastical benefice. Collat'eral, a. side by side ; not direct. Collaterally, ad. in collateral relation. Colla'tion, s. a repast ; the act of placing in a benefice ; comparison. Colla'tive, a. able to collate or confer. Colla'tor, s. one who collates. Col'league, s. a partner or associate in office : v. to unite with. Collect', v. to gather together ; to infer. Col'lect, s. a short comprehensive prayer. Collect'ed, a. cool, firm, prepared. Collect'edly, ad. in one view ; coolly. Collect'edness, s. recovery from surprise. Collec'tion, s. things gathered ; a conclusion Collec'tive, a. accumulative, apt to gather. Collect'ively, ad. in a body ; wholly. Collect'or, s. a gatherer ; a tax-gatherer. COL 49 COM Cellect'orship, s. office of a collector. College, s. ;i seminary or school for learn- ing ; a society tor promoting the arts and sciences. Collc'gian, s. a member of a college. Colle'giate, a. instituted after the manner of a college. Colli'de, v. to clash, to strike together. Col'licr, s. a digger of coals ; a coal-ship. Colliery, s. the place where coals are dug. Colligate, v. to hind together. Colliga'tion, *: the act of binding together. Collis'ion, s. act of striking together, a clash. Collocate, v. to place, to station, to fix. Colloca'tion, 5. the act or state of placing. Col'Iop, s. a small cut or slice of meat. Collo'quial, a. relating to conversation. Col'loquist, s. a speaker in a dialogue. Colloquy, s. a conference, a dialogue. Collu'de, v. to codsj tire in a fraud. Collu'sion, .?. a secret agreement for a frau- dulent purpose. Collu'sive, a. fraudulent, deceitful. Collu'sively, ad. in a fraudulent manner. Col'Jy, v. to grime with coal, to soil. Colon, a-, tins point (:), used to mark a pause greater than that of a semicolon, and less than that of a period ; the greatest and widest of the intestines. Col'onel, s. the commander of a regiment. Col'onelcy, s. the office of a colonel. Colo'nial, a. relating to a colony. Col'onize, v. to supply with inhabitants. Col'onist, s. a settler in a colony. Colonization, .1. forming colonies. Colonna'dc, s. a range of pillars or columns. Col'ony, s. a body of pcoplo drawn from the mother country to inhabit some distant place ; the country so planted. Col'ophon, s. the conclusion of a book. Colos'sal, Colossc'an, a. gigantic. Colosse'um, s. a spacious amphitheatre at Rome ; a building of huge proportions. Colos'sus, s. a gigantic statue. Col'or, Col'our, s. hue, dye, tint. ; a pretence ; v. to dye ; to tinge ; to blush ; to cloak. Col'ourable, a. specious, plausible. Col'ourably, ad. speciously, plausibly. Col'ouring, *. an ait in painting; an excuse. Col'ourless, «. without color ; transparent. Col'ours, s. a banner, flag, streamer. Colt, s. a young horse ; an inexperienced person. Colt's-foot, s. a plant ; a flower. Colter, s. the sharp iron of a plough. Col'umbary, s. a dove or pigeon house. Col'umbine, s. a plant ; the name of the principal female performer in a panto- mime. Col'umn, *. a round pillar; a file of troops. Colum'nar, a. formed in columns. Colu'res, s. pi. two imaginary circles passing through the poles, and the equinoctial and solstitial points. Co-ma'tc, s. a companion, an associate. Comb, s. a valley surrounded with hills, Comb, s. an instrument for the hair ; the crest of a cock ; the cavities in which bees lodge their honey. Comb, v. to divide and adjust, to smooth. Com'bat, s. a battle, duel, contest. Com'bat, v. to fight, to resist, to oppose. Com'batant, Com'bater, s. one who fights. Com'batant, a. disposed to quarrel. Co'mber, s. one whose trade is to comb wool. Combi'nable, a. capable of being united with. Combina'tion, s. a conspiracy, an association. Combi'ne, v. to unite, to agree, to join. Combustibility, s. quality of catching fire. Combus'tible, a. capable of taking fire. Combus'tible, s. that which easily takes fire. Combus'tion, s . the act of burning. Come, v. to draw near, to happen. Come'dian, s. actor of comic parts, a player. Com'edy, s. a laughable dramatic piece. Com'eliness, s. becomingness, grace, beauty. Com'ely, a. graceful, decent, handsome. Com'et, s. a heavenly body with a luminous train and eccentric motion. Com'fit, s. a dry sweetmeat, a confection. Com'fort, v. to strengthen, to console, to ease : j. consolation, support ; joy. Com'fortable, a. dispensing or giving com- fort ; cheerful, commodious. Com'fortableness, s. a state of comfort. Com'fortably, ad. in a comfortable manner. Com'fortcr, s. on" that gives consolation. Com'fortless, a. without comfort, forlorn. Com'frey, *. a me..ie.aal plant. Comic, a. raising mirth, relating to comedy . Comical, a. diverting, merry, queer. Comically, a. in a comical manner. Comlcalness, ». the quality of being comical. Coming, s. an arrival, a drawing near. Coming-in, s. entrance ; revenue or income. Com'ma, s. a point marked thus (,). Comma'nd, v. to govern, to order, to lead as a general : s. right of commanding, autho- rity ; order given. Commandant', s. a chief in command. Comma'ndatory, a. having command. Comma'nder, *. a chief, one in authority. Comma'nding, a. controlling ; powerful. Comma'ndingly, ad. in a commanding 01 powerful manner. Comman'dment, *. a mandate, command. Commem'orate, a. to preserve the memory of ; to celebrate solemnly. Commemora'tion, s. act of public celebration. Commem'orati've, a. tending to preserve, re- membrance. Commen'ce, a. to begin, to enter upon. Commen'cement, s. a beginning, date. Commend', a. to recommend as worthy. Commend'able, Com'mendable, a. laudable, praiseworthy. Commend'ableness, s. state of being com- mendable. Commend'ably, ad. laudably. Commend'am, s. a vacant benefice held by some person till a pastor is provided. Commenda'tion, s. praise, recommendation. Commend'atory, a. containing praise. Commen'sal, s. one that eats at the same table. Commen'surable, a. reducible to a commoD measure ; equal, coextensive. Commen'suratc, a. equal, proportional. Com'ment, s. annotation ; note ; remark. Com'ment, Comment', v. to write notes on ; to expound, to make remarks on. Com'mentary, s. an exposition, annotation. D COM 50 COM Commenta'tor, *. an expositor or annotator. Com'merce, s. trade, traffic ; intercourse. Com'merce, Commerce', v . to traffic, to hold intercourse with. Commer'cial, a. relating to trade, trading. Commer'cially, ad. in a commercial view. Commigra'tion, s. a general emigration. Commina'tion, s. a threat of punishment. Comin'atory, a. denunciatory ; threatening. Commin'gle, v. to unite one with another. Comminu'tion, s. the act of grinding or re- ducing to small parts ; pulverization. Commis'erate, v. to pity ; to compassionate. Commisera'tion, s. pity, sympathy. Commis'erative, a. compassionate. Commissa'riat, s. the body of officers attend- ing an army, who regulate the procuration and conveyance of ammunition and provi- sions. Com'missary, s. an officer who has the charge of furnishing provisions, &c. for an army. Commission, s. a trust, warrant, charge. Commis'sion, v. to empower, to entrust. Commis'sioner, s. one empowered to act. Commit', v. to give in trust, to deliver to ; to send to prison ; to perpetrate ; to pledge. Commit'ment, s. the act of committing. Committal, s. commitment, sending to prison. Commit'tee, s. a certain number of persons selected to examine or manage any matter. Commix', v. to mingle, to blend, to unite. Commix'ture, s. the act of mingling ; a com- pound. Commo'dious, a. convenient, suitable, useful. Commo'diously, ad. conveniently. Commo'diousness, s. convenience, use. Commod'ity, s. interest, profit, merchandise. Com'modore, s. a captain commanding a squadron of ships of war. Com'mon, a. belonging to many, general, usual, vulgar, mean. Com'mon, s. a tract of ground to which several people have a common or joint right : v. to share together. Com'monage, s. right of feeding on a common. Com'monalty, s. the common people. Common-coun'cil, s. the council of a city or corporate town, consisting of certain inha- bitants elected to assist the mayor and aldermen. Com'moner, s. amember of parliament; a stu- dent of the second rank at the universities. Common-hall, 5. the building in which citi- zens meet to transact public business. Com'monly, ad. frequently, usually. Commonpla'ce, a. ordinary, trite. Commonpla'ce-book, s. a book in which things to be remembered are ranged under general heads. Com'mons, s. pi. the common people ; the lower house of parliament ; food at a com- mon table. Commonweal', s. the public good. Commonwealth', s. a republic ; tho state. Commotion, s. a tumult, a disturbance. Comm'une, v. to converse, to impart senti- ments mutually. Communicabil'ity, s. the being communi- cable. Commu'nicable, a. that may be communi- cated or imparted. Commu'nicant, s. one who receives the i ment of the Lord's Supper. Commu'nicate, v. to impart, to reveal ; to receive the Lord's Supper. Communica'tion, s. the act of imparting or exchanging ; conference ; conversation ; in- tercourse ; a common inlet or passage. Commu'nicative, a. ready to impart ; frank. Commu'nicativeness, 5. the being communi- tive, readiness to impart. Commu'ning, s. the act of talking together. Commu'nion, s. celebration of the Lord's Supper; fellowship, union, intercourse. Commu'nity, s. the commonwealth, the body politic, a common possession. Commu'table, a. that may be exchanged. Commuta'tion, s. change of one thing for I another, alteration, ransom. | Commu'te, v. to exchange, to buy off. | Com'pact, s. a contract, mutual agreement. Compact', a. firm, close, solid. Compact'ly, ad. closely put together. Compact'ness, s. closeness, firmness, density. Compan'ion, s. a partner, an associate, a mate. Compan'ionable, a. sociable ; agreeable. Companionship, s. fellowship ; association. Company, s. a number of persons assembled together ; fellowship ; a society ; a body corporate ; a small body of foot soldiers. Com'parable, a. that may be compared with ; of equal regard. Comparative, a. estimated by comparison. Comparatively, ad. in a comparative manner. Compa're, v. to liken or examine one thing by another, to estimate : s. comparison, similitude. j Comparison, s. the act of comparing, a com- parative estimate ; simile in writing. Compart'ment, s. separate part, a division. Com'pass, v. to encircle, to surround ; to contrive ; to obtain. Com'pass, *. a circle, space, limits ; extent or power of the voice in singing ; the mag- netic apparatus for steering ships by ; an instrument for describing circles, generally called compasses. Compas'sion, s. pity, commiseration. Compas'sionate, a. merciful, tender: *. t» pity, to commiserate. Compatibil'ity, s. consistency, suitableness. Compatible, a. consistent with, suitable to. Compatibleness, s. consistency, suitableness. Compatibly, ad. fitly ; suitably. Compa'triot, s. one of the same country. Compeer', s. an equal, companion, colleague. Compel', v. to force, to constrain. Compellable, a that may be forced. Com'pend, s. an epitome; a summary. Compen'dious, a. brief, concise. Compen'diousness, s. shortness ; brevity. Compe,n'dium, s. an abridgment, an epitome Compensate, Com'pensate, v. to make amend* for, to recompense. ' Compensa'tion, s. a recompense, amends. Compensatory, a. serving to recompense. Compete', v. to contend in rivalry with. Com'petence, Com'petency, s. sufficiency. Com'petent, a. fit, qualified, adequate. Competently, ad. adequately, suitably. Competition, s. rivalry, a contest. Competitor, *. a rival, an opponent COM 51 CON Competltory, a. pursuing the same object. Compila'tion, s. a collection, an assemblage. Compila'tor, s. a compiler, a collector. Compi'le, v. to collect from various authors. Compi'lement, s. the act of compiling. Compi'ler, s. one who compiles. Compla'cency, s. pleasure, mildness, civility. Compla'cent, a. civil, affable, kind. Compla'cently, ad. in a soft or easy manner. Complain', v. to murmur, lament, inform. Coniplair/ant, s. a plaintiff in a lawsuit. Complain'er, s. one who complains. Complain'ing, s. expression of sorrow. Complaint', s. an accusation against ; a lamentation ; a malady or disease. Complaisa'nce, s. courteousness ; civility. Com'plaisant, a. civil, obliging, kind, polite. Com'plaisantly, ad. civilly, politely. Com'plement, s. the full number. Complemen'tal, a. filling up, completing. Comple'te, a. perfect, full, finished : V. to finish, to perfect. Completely, ad. fully: perfectly. Comple'teinent, s. the act of completing. Completeness, S. complete state ; perfection. Completion, s. accomplishment, fulfilling. Com'plex, a. compounded of many parts. Complexion, s. the hue or color of the face ; the temperament of the body. Complex'ional, a. pertaining to the com- plexion. Complex'ioned, a. constituted : tempered. Complexity, s. state of being complex. Com'plexness, s. the state of being involved. Compliance, s. submission, act of yielding. Compli'ant, a. yielding, bending, civil. Com'plicacy, 5. the state of being intricate. Com'plicate, a. compounded of many parts : v. to entangle, to involve. Complication, s. a mixture of many things. Com'pliment, s. an act of civility : v . to pass compliments ; to flatter. Complimen'tal, a. implying a compliment. Complimentary, a. expressing respect or civility. Com'plot, 5. a conspiracy ; a plotting to- gether : v. to plot, to conspire. Comply 7 , v. to yield to, to agree with. Compo'nent, a. constituting, forming : s. an elementary part of a compound body. Comport', v. to bear, to endure, to behave. Comport'nient, s. behaviour, demeanour. Compo'se, v. to put together, to form a com- pound ; to write as an author ; to calm, to settle. Compo'sed, p. and a. calm, sedate, serious. CompoSedly, ad. calmly ; sedately. Compo'sedness, s. sedateness ; tranquillity. Compo'ser, s. an author, a writer. Composite, a. in architecture, the composite order is the last of the five orders of co- lumns, so named because its capital is composed out of those of the other orders. Composi'ti3 COR 58 cou Correctional, a. tending to correct. Corrective, a. able to amend or correct: s. that which has the power of correcting. Correct'ly, ad. accurately, exactly. Correct'ness, s. accuracy, nicety, exactness. Correct'or, s. one who, or that which, corrects. Corregldor, s. a chief magistrate in Spain. Cbrrel'atire, a. having a reciprocal relation : s. that which has a reciprocal relation. Correl'ativoly, ad. in a correlative relation. Correspond', v. to suit, to agree ; to hold in- tercourse with another by letters. Correspond'ence, s. intercourse by letters ; friendship ; agreement ; relation. Correspondent, a. suitable, answerable : s. one who holds correspondence with another by letters. Correspond'ently, ad. suitably, fitly. Correspon'sive, a. answerable. Cor'ridor, s. a gallery round a building. Corrigen'da, [Lat. ] s.pl. words to be corrected. Cor'rigible, a. capable of being corrected. Corrob'orant, a. strengthening, confirming : s. a medicine that strengthens. Corrob'orate, v. to confirm, to establish- Corrobora'tion, s. the act of strengthening or confirming ; a confirmation. Corrob'orative, a. having the power of con- firming or establishing. Corro'de, v. to eat away by degrees. Corro'dent, a. having the power of wasting away : s. that which eats sway. Corro'dible, a. capable of corrosion. Corro'sion, s. the act of eating away. Corro'sive, a. able to corrode or eat away : *. that which corrodes or consumes. Corro'siveness, s. the quality of corroding. Cor 'rugate, v. to wrinkle or purse up. Corruga'tion, s. contraction into wrinkles. Cor'rugator, s. a muscle of the forehead which contracts the skin into wrinkles. Corrupt', a. rotten, tainted, unsound, vi- cious : v. to infect ; to deprave ; to bribe. Corrupt'er, s. one who corrupts or taints. Corruptibility, Corrup'tibleness, *. the pos- sibility of being corrupted. Corruptible, a. that may be corrupted. Corruptibly, ad. in a corrupt manner. Corrup'tion, s. wickedness; matter or pus. Corruptive, a. able to taint or corrupt. Corrupt'less, a. insusceptible of corruption. CoTrupt'ly, ad. in a corrupt manner. Corrupt'ness, s. putrescence, vice. Cor'sair, s. a pirate, a plunderer on the sea. Corse, s. See Corpse. Cor'selet, or Cors'let, s. a light armour for the forepart of the body. Cor'set, [Fr.] 5. a pair of stays ; a boddice. Corte'ge, [Fr. ] s. a train of attendants. Cor'tes, s. the members representing the Spanish states assembled in Madrid. Cortex, s. the outer bark or rind. Corticated, a. resembling the bark of a tree. Corvette, s. an advice boat ; a sloop of war. Co/vine, a. belonging to a crow or raven. Cor'vus, s. an ancient naval engine, with a hook like a crow's beak. < Jorus'cant, a. flashing, glittering. Coruscate, v. to glitter by flashes. Coruscation, s. a flashing of light. Ooryphe'us, s. the chief or leader of a chorus. Cose'cant, s. a term in geometry. Cosi'ne, s. a term in geometry. Cosmet'ic, s. a wash to improve the skin : sl beautifying or improving the skin. Cos'mical, a. rising or setting with the sun. Cos'micaliy, ad. with the sun. Cosmog'onist. s. one who studies cosmogony. Cosmog'ony, s. birth or creation of the world. Cosinogtaphy, s. the science of the general system of the world. Cosmop'olite, s. a citizen of the world. Cost, s. price, charge, expense, loss : v. to be bought for, to be had at a price. Cos'tal, a. relating to the ribs. Cos'tard, s. a large round apple ; a head. Cos'tardmonger, Cos'termonger, s. a dealer in apples ; generally applied to those who carry fruit and vegetables about for sale Cos'tive, a. constipated or bound in the body ; close ; formal. Cos'tiveness, s. the state of being costive. Cost'less, a. attainable without expense. Costliness, s. expensiveness, sumptuousness. Costly, a. expensive, dear; of great price. Costs, s. pi. expenses incurred in law-suits. CostUme, s. style or mode of dress. Cot, s. a hut ; a small house or cottage ; a child's bed ; a little boat. Cotempora'neous, a. living at the same time. Cotem'porary, s. one who lives at the same time with another : a. living at the sams time. Co-ten'ant, J. a tenant in common. Coterie', s. a select party or society ; a club. Cothur'nus, s. a sort of ancient buskin. Cotillon, s. a light brisk dance. Cots'wold, s. sheepcotes in an open country. Cot'tager, Cotter, Cot'tier, s. one who lives ia a cot or cottage. Cot'ton, *. a plant ; the down of the cotton- tree ; cloth or stuff made of cotton : v. t# unite with ; to agree with. Cot'tony, a. like cotton ; downy. Cot'yla, s. that cavity of a bone which receives in it the end of another. Cotyl'edon, *. the lobe that nourishes the seeds of plants, and then perishes. Cotyled'onous, a. having a seed-lobe. Cou'hage, (vulgarly Cow-itch) s. an Indian bean, the pods of which sting like a nettle. Couch, s. a seat of repose ; a layer or bed : v. to lie down, to recline, to stoop ; to fix a spear in the rest ; to remove a cataract or film from the eye. Cou'chant, a. squatting, lying down. Couch'grass, s. a weed. Couching, s. the act of bending or bowing ; a surgical operation on the eye. Cough, s. a convulsion of the lungs : v. to make a noise in endeavouring to evacuat# matter from the lungs. Could, v. the past tense of Can. Coul'tcr, s. the sharp iron of the plough. Coun'cil, s. an assembly for consultation. Coun'sel, s. advice, direction; a pleader : v. to give advice ; to direct. Coun'sel lable, a. willing to receive counsel. Coun'sel] or, s. one who gives advice. Count, s. number, reckoning ; a foreign title. Count, v. to number, to cast up, to tell. Count'able, a. which may be numbered. CQU 59 cov Cotn'tenance, s. form of the face ; look ; pa- tronage : v. to patronize, to support. Conn ter, s. fictitious money ; a shop table. Coun ter, ad. contrary to, in a wrong way. Counteract', v. to act contrary to ; to hinder. Counterac'tion, s. prevention by opposition. Counter-attrac'tion, 5. opposite attraction. Counterbalance, v. to act against with an op- posite weight : s. an opposite weight. Counterbuff ', v. to repel, to strike back : s. a blow in a contrary direction. Coun'terchange, s. an exchange, reciproca- tion : v . to exchange. Countercharm', s. that which breaks a charm. Countercheck', s. a stop ; v. to oppose. Coun'ter-current, a. running in an opposite way : s. an opposite current. Counterdraw', v. to trace the lines of a draw- ing through transparent paper. Counter-ev'idence, s. opposite evidence. Counterfeit, s. an imposture ; a forgery : a. fictitious : v. to imitate ; to forge ; to feign. Counterfeiter, s. a forger ; an impostor. Coun'terfeitly, ad. falsely ; fictitiously. Coun'terlight, s. a light opposite to a thing which makes it appear to disadvantage. Countermand', v. to contradict an order. Goun'termand, s. repeal of a former order. Countermarch', v. to march backward. Coun'termarch, *. a retrograde march. Coun'termark, s. a second or third mark put on goods belonging to different merchants. Coun'termine, s. a mine made to frustrate the use of one made by the enemy. Countermi'ne, v. to defeat secretly. Coun'ter-movement, s. an opposite movement. Coun'terpano, s. the upper covering of a bed. Counterpart, s. a correspondent part. Coun'terplea, s. a replication in law. Counterplead , v. to contradict, to deny. Coun'terplot, s. plot against plot : v. to oppose one machination by another. Coun'terpoint, s. a coverlet woven in squares ; a term in music. Coun'terpoise, s. an equivalence of weight. Coun'terpoise, v. to counterbalance. Coun'terpoison, s. an antidote to poison. Coun'ter-projeot, s. a project of one party given in opposition to another. Coun'terproof, s. a proof, inverted, of a print, taken by passing it through a rolling-press. Coun'terprove, v. to take a proof inverted. Counter-revolu'tion, *. a revolution succeed- ing another, and opposite to it. Coun'terscarp, s. the exterior slope of a ditch round a fortification ; the covered way that surmounts it. Coun'terseal, v. to seal with another. Counter-secu'rity,*. security given to a person who has become surety for another. Countersign, v. to undersign ; to confirm : s. the word given to soldiers as a watchword. Coun'ter-signal, 5. a corresponding signal. Coun'terstroke, s. a stroke returned. Counterten'or, s. a middle part of music. Countervail', v. to be equivalent to ; to havo equal force or value. Countervail, s. equal weight or strength. Coun'tcrview, s an opposition a contrast. Coun'tervote, v. to outvote, to oppose. Coun'torweigh, v. to counterbalance. Coun'terwheel, s. a wheel in machinery that acts in an opposite way to the rest. Counterwork', v. to counteract. Coun'tess, s. the lady of a count or earl. Count'less, a. innumerable, infinite. Coun'trified, a. rustic, rude. Coun'try, s. a tract of land ; a region ; rural parts : a. rural ; remote from towns. Coun'try-dance,*. a well-known kind of dasce. Coun'tryman, s. a rustic ; one born in the same country ; a husbandman. Coun'ty, s. a shire : a. relating to a shire. Coup-de-grace, [Fi\] s. a finishing stroke. Coup-de-main, [Fr.]*. a sudden enterprise. Coup-d'ceil, [Fr.] s. a glance of the eye. Coupee', *. a motion in dancing ; a caper. Coup'le, s. a pair, a brace ; man and wife : v. to join together ; to marry. Coup'let, s. two verses ; a pair. Cour'age, s. bravery, valour, activity. Coura'geous, a. brave, daring. Coura'geously, ad. bravely, nobly, daringly. Coura'geousness, s. bravery ; boldness. Courant', *. a sprightly dance ; any thing that circulates quickly, as a newspaper, &o. Cou'rier, s. a messenger sent in haste. Course, s. a race ; a career ; a race-ground ; track in which a ship sails ; order of suc- cession ; service of meat ; method of life : v. to run, to hunt, to pursue. Cours'er, s. a race-horse, a war-horse. Cours'ing, s. the pursuit of hares with grey- hounds ; hare hunting in view of the dogs. Court, s. the residence of a sovereign ; a seat of justice ; an enclosed place in front of a house ; address ; flattery : V. to pay court to ; to make love to. Court' -bred, a. brought up at court. Court'-breeding, s. education at a court. Court'-day, s. the day on which a court sits to administer j ustice. Court'-dress, *. a dress suitable for an appear- ance at court. Cour'teous, a. of elegant manners ; kind. Courteously, ad. respectfully ; civilly. Cour'teousness, s. civility ; complaisance. Cour'tesan, s. a prostitute, a lewd woman. Cour'tesy, s. civility, complaisance, favor ; kindness ; the act of respect or reverence made by women. Cour'tesy, v. to make a courtesy. Court'-hand, s. the hand or writing used in records and judicial proceedings. Cour'tier, *. an attendant on a court ; a lover ; one who solicits a favor. Courtleet', s. a court of the lord of the manor. Court'like, a. polite, well-bred, obliging. Court'liness, a. civility, complaisance. Court'ly, a. polite, elegant, flattering. Court-martial, s. a court appointed to inves- tigate military or naval offences. Court'ship, s. making love to a woman. Cous'in, s. the child of an uncle or aunt ; a a kinsman or blood relation. Cove, s. a small creek or bay ; a shelter : *k to arch over ; to make a shelter. CoVenant,*. a bargain, contract, deed : v. t» bargain, to contract, to agree. Cortmanter, s. one who makes a oovenant ; one of a religious body called Covenanters. Cor'euous, a. treacherous. See Cov'inou*. cov 60 CRE Cor'er, *. that which is laid over something else ; a concealment ; a screen ; a shelter : v. to lay or spread over ; to conceal. Cov'ering, *. dress ; any thing that covers. Cov'erlet, s. the upper covering of a bed, the quilt or counterpane. Cov'ert, s. a thicket ; a hiding place ; a defen- sive situation: a. sheltered; secret; in- sidious. Cov'ertly, ad. secretly ; closely. Cov'ertness, s. secrecy ; privacy. Cov'erture, s. shelter ; defence ; a legal term for the state of being a married woman. Cov'et, v. to desire earnestly ; to long for. Cov'etable, a. that which may be desired. Covetous, a. greedy, avaricious. Cov'etousiy, ad. avariciously ; eagerly. Cov'etousness, s. avarice ; eagerness. Cov'ey, s. a brood of birds. Cov'in, s. a deceitful agreement, a collusion. Co'ving, s. a projection in a building. Co/mous, a. fraudulent, deceitful. Cow, s. the female of the bull : v. to depress with fear ; to dispirit. Cow'ard, s. he who wants courage ; a pol- troon : a. timid ; void of spirit ; dastardly. Cow'ardice, s. fear, pusillanimity. Cow'ardlike, a. resembling a coward. Cow'ardliness, J. timidity ; cowardice. Cow'ardly, a. fearful, mean, timorous. Cow'er, v. to bend the knees, to crouch. Cow'kerd, s. one who tends or keeps cows. Cow'-bouse, s. house where kine are kept. Cow'-leech, s. a cow doctor. Cow'-pox, s. a pustular disease transferred from cows to the human body by inocula- tion, and acting as a preventive of the variola, or small-pox. Cow'ry, s. a small univalve sea-shell. Cowl, s. a monk's hood. Cow'slip, s. a species of primrose. Cox'comb, s. a fop (but formerly a licensed fool or jester, because he wore in his cap a comb like a cock's). The term is also applied to a flower. Cox'eombry, s. foppishness. Coxcom'ioal, a. conceited, foppish, pert. Coy, a. modest, reserved, decent. Coy'ish, a. rather shy, chaste, Coy'ly, ad. with reserve ; modestly. Coy'ness, J. reserve, shyness, modesty. Coz, s. a familiar word for cousin. Coz'en, v. to cheat, impose on, defraud. Coz'enage, s. cheat, fraud, deceit, trick. Coz'ener, s. a cheater, a knave. Co'zy, Co'sy, a. comfortably placed for chat- ting; snug. Crab, s. a shell-fish ; a wild apple ; a peevish person ; one of the signs of the zodiac. Crab'bed, a. peevish, morose, difficult. Crab'bedly, ad. peevishly ; morosely. Crab'bed ness, S. sourness of taste ; asperity. Crack, s. a sudden disruption ; a quick noise ; a chink ; a flaw : v. to break into chinks, to split. Crack'brained, a. crazy, whimsical. Crack'er, s. a kind of squib or firework ; a bard biscuit ; a boaster. Crackle, v. to mako slight cracks. Crack'ling, s. a noise made by slight cracks. Crack'nel, s. a kind of hard brittle cake. | Cra'dle, s. a movable bed on which children are rocked ; a case for a broken bone ; a frame of wood for launching a ship : v. to lay or rock in a cradle. Craft, s. cunning ; trade ; small trading-ships. Craftily, ad. artfully, cunningly. Craftiness, s. craft, cunning, fraud, deceit. Crafts' man, s. an artificer ; a mechanic. Crafty, a. cunning, deceitful, artful. Crag, s. a rough steep rock ; the neck. Crag'ged, Crag'gy, a. rough, rugged. Crag'gedness, Crag'gincss, s. roughness. Crake, s. a bird, the corn-crake. Cram, v. to stuff; to eat greedily. Cram'bo, s. a play at which one gives a word and another finds a rhyme. Cramp, ,y. a spasmodic contraction of the limbs: v. to pain with spasms; to con- fine, to hinder : a. knotty, hard, difficult. Cramp'iron, s. an iron to fasten together. Cran'berry, s. a small kind of acid fruit. Cranch, Craunch, v. to crush in the mouth. Crane, s. a bird ; a machine for raising heavy weights ; a siphon or crooked pipe. Craniol'ogist, s. ono who understands the science of craniology. Craniol'ogy, s. the art which affects to dis- cover the faculties and propensities of a person by the external form of his skull. (More commonly called Phrenology.; Cra'nium, s. the skull. Crank, s. the end of an iron axle turned down ; a bend ; an iron brace ; a twisting or turning in speech ; a conceit : v. to bend or wind, to turn. Crank'y, a. bent, crooked, cross. Cran'nied, a. full of or having chinks. Cran'ny, s. a chink ; a crevice ; a little crack. Crape, s. a thin stuff for mourning. Crap'nel, s. a hook or drag. Crash, v. to break, to crush, to bruise ; to make a crashing noise : s. a loud noise as of many things falling. Crashing, s. a violent complicated noise. Cras'situdc, s. grossness, coarseness. Cratch, s. a frame for hay or straw. Crate, s. a hamper to pack earthenware in. Cra'ter, s. a vent or aperture ; the bowl or funnel of a volcano. Cravat', s. a neckcloth. Crave, v. to ask earnestly ; to long for. Cra'ven, s. a coward, a recreant : a. cowardly. Cra'ving, s. unreasonable desire. Craw, s. the crop or stomach of birds. Craw'fish, Cray'rish, s. a river shell-fish. Crawl, v. to creep ; move slowly. Craw'ler, s. a creeper ; a reptile. Cray'on, s. a soft pencil ; a picture. Craze, v. to break ; to disorder the brain. Cra'ziness, 5. weakness, disorder of mind. Cra'zy, a. broken, feeble, weak; maddish. Creak, v. to make a harsh noise. Creak'ing, s. a harsh grating noise. Cream, s. the oily or best part of milk, Cream'faced, a. pale, wan, cowardly. Cream'y, a. full of cream ; luscious, rich. Crease, s. a mark made by doubling or fold- ing any thing : v. to mark by folding. Crea'te, v. to form out of nothing ; to make ; to cause ; to produce. Crca'tion, s. act of creating ; the universe. CRE 61 CRO Crea'tive, a. having the power to create. Crea'tor, s. the Maker of heaven and earth. Creafure, s. a created being, an animal. Cre'dence, s. belief, credit, reputation. Crcden'da, [Lat.] s. tilings to be believed. Cre'dent, a. easy of belief ; having credit. Cicden'tial, a. giving a title to credit : s. that which gives a title to credit. Credentials, s.pl. letters of recommendation. Credibility, s. claim to belief, probability. Cred'ibleness, s. worthiness of belief. Cred'iblc, a. worthy of credit ; likely. Cred'ibly, ad. in a manner that claims belief. Cred'it, s. belief, honor ; trust reposed : v. to believe, to trust, to admit as a debtor. Cred'itable, a. worthy of credit, reputable. Cred'itableness, s. reputation ; estimation. Cred'itably, ad. reputably, without disgrace. Cred'itor, s. one who trusts or gives credit. Credulity, s. easiness of belief. Cred'ulous, a. apt to believe, unsuspecting. Cred'ulousiy, ad. in an unsuspecting way. Cred'ulousness, s. easiness of belief. Creed, s. a confession of faith, a belief. Creek, s. a small bay ; a nook. Creek'y, a. full of creeks ; winding. Creep, v. to crawl ; to move slowly ; to fawn. Creep'er, s. a plant ; a small insect. Creer/holc, s. a subterfuge ; an excuse. Creep'ingly, ad. in the manner of a reptile. Crenio'na, s. the name given to a superior kind of violin made at Cremona, in Italy. Cre'mor, s. a milky or creamy substance. Cre'ole, s. a native of the West Indies, de- scended from European ancestors. Cres'cent, s. the moon on the increase ; any thing in the shape of the new moon ; the symbol of Mahometanisin. Cress, s. the name of a water herb. Cres'set, s. a light set on a beacon ; a torch. Crest, s. the feathers or other ornaments on the top of a helmet; the helmet itself; the ornament of the helmet in heraldry ; the comb of a cock ; a tuft ; pride ; spirit : v. to furnish with a crest. Crest'ed, a. adorned with a plume or crest. Crest'-fallcn, a. dejected, low, cowed. Creta'ceous, a. chalky, resembling chalk. Creux, s. a term in engraving, meaning cut below the surface. Crev'ice, s. a crack, a cleft. Crew, s. a ship's company ; a mean assembly. Crib, s. a manger, a stall ; a child's bed : v. to shut up or confine ; to pilfer. Crib'bage, s. the name of a game at cards. Crick, s. a painful stiffness in the neck. Criek'et, s. an insect that chirps about the hearth ; a game with bat and ball. Cri'er, s. one who cries goods for sale. Crime, s. an offence, wickedness, sin. Crim'inal, s. a person accused, a felon : a. guilty, faulty, relating to crime. Criminal'ity, s. a criminal action or case. Criminally, ad. wickedly, wrongfully. Crim'inate, v. to accuse, to charge with crime. Crimina'tion, s. an accusation, a censure. Crim'inatory, a. accusing, tending to accuse. Crimp, a. brittle, easily crumbled ; crisp : v. to crimple or pinch ; to indent. Crimp, s. one who decoys others into military service : v. to decoy for the army. Crim'ple, v. to pinch or crisp, co corrugate. Crim'son, s. a very deep red color. Crin'cum, s. a whim ; a cramp. Cringe, v. to bow, to fawn, to flatter. Crin'kle, s. a wrinkle ; a winding fold : V. to run in wrinkles. Crip'ple, s. a lame person : v. to make lame, Cri'sis, s. a critical time or turn. Crisp, v. to make brittle, to twist. Crisp, Crisp'y, a. curled, brittle, winding. Crisp'ing-iron, s. an instrument to crisp with. Crisp'ness, s. crispy state. Crite'rion, j. a standard whereby any thing is judged of, a distinguishing mark. Crit'ic, s. one skilled in criticism. Crit'ical, a. judicious, accurate, censorious. Crit'ically, ad. in a critical manner. Crit'icise, v. to pass judgment on the beauties or blemishes of a work. Crit'icism, s. the art of judging of the merits or defects of any performance. Criti'que, s. criticism ; animadversion. Croak, s. the cry of a frog, raven, or crow : v. to make a hoarse low noise. Croak'er, s. one who is perpetually descant- ing on dangers and difficulties. Cro'ats, s. troops, natives of Croatia. Crock', s. an earthen pot; an earthen vessel. Crock'ery, *. all kinds of earthenware. Croc'odile, s. a large voracious amphibious animal, in shape resembling a lizard. Cro'cus, s. an early flower ; saffron. Croft, s. a small enclosed home field. Croisa'de, s. See Cru'sade. Crom'lech, s. a large flat stone raised upon others, supposed tobe the remains of altars. Crone, s. an old ewe ; an old woman. Cro'ny, s. an intimate acquaintance, a friend. Crook, *. a hooked stick, a sheephook : v. to bend, to pervert. Crook'backed, a. having bent shoulders. Crook'cd, a. bent, curved, untoward. Crook'edly, ad. untowardly ; uncompliantly. Crook'edness, s. deviation from straightness. Croop, s. a disease in the throat to which children are subject. Crop, s. the harvest produce ; a bird's craw. Crop, v. to lop, to cut short ; to mow, to reap ; to yield a harvest. Crop'-eared, a. having the ears cropped. Crop'ped, a. cut off at the ends ; lopped. Crop'per, s. a pigeon with a large crop. Cro'sier, s. the pastoral staff or crook used by the bishops in the Church of Rome. Cross, s. one straight body laid at right angles over another; a misfortune, vexation. Cross, a. athwart, oblique ; peevish, fretful. Cross, v. to lay athwart, to pass over, to cancel ; to sign with the cross ; to vex. Cross'-barred, a. secured by transverse bars. Cross'-bill, s. a defendant's bill in Chancery. Cross'-bow, s. a weapon for shooting. Cross-bun', s. a cake marked with a cross. Cross'cut, v. to cut across. Cross'cut-saw, *. a saw with a handle at each end, to be used by two men. Cross-exam'ine, v. to examine witnesses by putting to them unexpected questions. Cross'-grained, a. ill-natured, troublesome. Cross'ly, ad. peevishly; adversely. Cross'ncss, s. perverseness, peevishness. CEO 62 Crass'-post, s. tlie post that conveys letters on cross-roads. Cross-pur'pose, s. a kind of enigma or riddle. Cross-ques'tion, v. to cross-examine. Cross'-road, s. not the direct highroad. Cross'-row, s. the alphabet, with a cross placed at the beginning. Cross'-trces, s. certain pieces of timber fas- tened to the masts of ships. Cross'-way, s. the place where one road crosses or intersects another. Cross'-wise, ad. across ; transversely placed. Crotch, s. a hook ; the fork of a tree. Crot'chet, s. one of the notes in music, equal to half a minim ; a mark in printing, formed thus [] ; a fancy, whim, conceit. Crouch, v. to stoop low, to fawn, to cringe. Croup, s. the buttocks of a horse ; the rump of a fowl. Croupier', s. a vice-president. Crout, Krout, s. a kind of pickled cabbage. I Crow, s. a bird, an iron lever : v. to make a | noise like a cock ; to boast, to vapor. j Crow'-bar, s. an iron bar or lever. Crowd, s. confused multitude ; the populace : v. to press close, to fill to excess ; to en- cumber. Crov/foot, *. a flower ; a caltrop. Crown, s. a diadem worn on the heads of sovereigns ; the top of the head ; a silver coin ; regal power ; a wreath or garland : v. to invest with a crown ; to complete, to finish. Crown'-glass, s. finest sort of window-glass. Crown-impe'rial, s. largest kind of daffodil. Crow's-feet, s. the wrinkles under the eyes, the effect of age. Cru'cial, a. transverse, running across. Cru'ciate, v. to torture, to torment. Crucia'tion, s. extreme torture. Cru'eible, s. a chemist's melting pot. Cru'cifix, s. a representation in statuary or painting, &c. of our Saviour on the cross. Crucifixion, s. the act of nailing to the cross, Cru'cify, v. to nail or fasten to a cross. Crude, a. raw, harsh, unripe, undigested. Cru'dely, ad. unripely ; not prepared. Cru'deness, Cru'dity, s. an undigested state. Cru'el, a. hard-hearted, fierce, inhuman. Cru'elly, ad. in a cruel manner ; painfully. Cru'elty, s. inhumanity, barbarity. Cru'et, s. a small vial for vinegar or oil. Cruise, s. a voyage without any certain course : v. to rove over the sea. Crui'ser, s. a ship that sails in quest of an enemy ; one that roves in search of plunder. Crumb, s. the soft part of bread ; a small piece or fragment of bread. Crum'ble, v. to break or fall into pieces. Crum'my, a. soft, full of crumbs. Crum'ple, v. to wrinkle, to ruffle, to disorder. Cru'or, s. gore, coagulated blood. Crup'per, s. a leather to keep a saddle right. Cru'ral, a. belonging to the leg. Crusa'de, s. an expedition against infidels ; a Portuguese coin stamped with a cross. Crusa'der, *. one employed in a crusade. Cruse, Cruise, s. a small cup. Cru'set, j. a goldsmith's melting-pot. Crush, v. to squeeze, to bruise ; to ruin : s. a collision, a falling down. CUL Crust, s. any shell or external coat ; outward part of bread ; an incrustation • v. to gather or contract a crust. Crusta'ceous, a. shelly, with joints. Crusta'tion, s. an adherent covering. Crust'ily, ad. peevishly ; snappishly. Crustiness, s. the quality of being crusty. Crust'y, a. like crust ; morose ; snappish. Crutch, s. a support used by cripples. Cry, v. to call, to weep, to exclaim, to pro- claim : s. a loud voice ; lamentation ; weeping. Crying, s. an outcry : a. notorious. Crypt, s. a subterranean cell or cave. Cryp'tic, Cryp'tical, a. secret, hidden. Cryp'tically, ad. occultly, secretly. Cryptogamlc, a. (in botany) having the fruc- tification concealed. Cryptog'raphy, s. art of writing in ciphers. Crys'ta), s. a transparent mineral ; a kind of glass : a. consisting of crystal ; transparent, clear. Crys'talline, a. resembling crystal. Crys'talline-humour, s. the second humour of the eye, that lies next to the aqueous. Crys'tallize, v. to form salts into small trans- parent bodies ; to congeal. Crystallizalion, s. congelation into crystals. Cub, *. the young of a beast, generally of a bear or fox : v. to brin? forth cubs. Cube, s. a regular solid body with six equal sides, as a die ; the product of a number multiplied twice into itself. Cu'bic, Cu'bical, a. formed like a cube. Cu'bically, ad. in a cubical method. Cubic'ular, a. belonging to a chamber. Cu'bit, s. a measure of eighteen inches. Cuck'ing-stool, s. a ducking-stool used for- merly for the punishment of scolds. Cuck'old, s. the husband of an adultress : v. to make a husband a cuckold. Cuck'oo, s. a well-known bird. Cu'cumber, s. a kind of plant, and its fruit. Cud, s. the food which ruminating animals bring from the first stomach to chew again. Cud'dy, s. an apartment in a ship. Cud'gel, s. a fighting-stick : v. to beat o» strike with a stick. Cue, s. the end of a thing ; hint, intimation. Cuer'po, [Sp.] s. bodily shape ; to be " in cuerpo," is to be without the coat or outer garment. Cuff, s. a box or blow with the fist ; the fold at the end of a sleeve : v. to strike with the fist. Cui'rass, s. a breastplate. Cuirassier', s. a soldier armed with a cuirass. Cuisse, s. armour that covers the thighs. Cu'linary, a. relating to the kitchen. Cull, v. to select from others. Cul'lender, s. See Colander. Cul'lion, s. a scoundrel ; a mean wretch. Cul'ly, j. a man deceived or imposed upon : v. to deceive, to trick, to impose on. Culm, s. a kind of small coal ; stalk of grass. Cul'men, *. the summit, the point. Cul'minate, v. to be in the meridian. Culmina'tion, s. the transit of a planet through the meridian ; the top or crown. Culpability, s. blamableness, culpableness. Cul'pable, a. criminal, guilty, blamablc. CUL 63 cus Cnl'pableness, s. culpability ; blame. Cul'pably, ad. blamably ; guiltily. Cul'prit, s. a man arraigned before a judge. Cul'ter. See Coulter. Cultivable, a. that may be cultivated. Cultivate, v. to till ; to prepare for crops; to improve by culture. Cultiva'toT, 5. one that cultivates. Cultivation, j. the act of improving soils, &c. Cul'ture, s. the act of cultivation ; improve- j meut, melioration : v. to till, to improve. Cul'ver. 5. a pigeon, a wood pigeon. Cul'ver-house. s. a dove-cote. Cul'verin, s. a species of ordnance. Cum'bent, a. lying down ; reclining. Cum'ber, v. to embarrass, to entangle. Cum'bersome, Cum'brous, a. burdensome, embarrassing, vexatious, oppressive. Cum'brance, 5. hindrance, obstruction. Cum'brously, ad. in a cumbrous manner. Cum'frey, Com'frey, s. a medicinal plant. Cum'in, s. a kind of herb. Cu'mulate, v. to heap or pile up, to amass. Cumulation, s. the act of heaping together. Cumulative, a. consisting of parts heaped together. Cuncta'tion, s. delay ; procrastination. Cu'neated, a. formed like a wedge. Cun'ning, a. skilful, artful, crafty, subtle. Cun'ning, Cun'ningness, s. craft ; artifice. Cun'ningly, ad. artfully ; subtly ; skilfully. Cun'ning-maii. s. a conjurer. Cup, s. a drinking-vessel ; part of a flower. Cup. v. to draw blood by scarification. Cup'bearer, s. an officer of the household. Cup'board, s. a case with shelves, originally for cups. Cu'pel, *. a small cup used in refining metals. Cupid'ity, s. unlawful or inordinate desire. Cu'pola, s. a dome, an arched roof. Cup'ping, s. an operation in phlebotomy. Cup'phig-glass, s. a glass used by scarifiers, to draw out the blood by rarefying the air. Cu'preous, a. consisting of copper. Cur, s. a dog ; a snappish or mean man. Cu'rable, a. that may be cured. Cu'rableness, s. possibility to be healed. Cu'racy, s. the office of a curate. Cu'rate, s. a clergyman; one who officiates in the room of the beneficiary. Cu'rateship, s. the office of a curate. Cu'rat i ve, a. relating to the cure of diseases. Cura'tor, [Lat.] s. one that has the care and j superintendence of any thing. Curb, v. to restrain, to cheek, to bridle : s. part of a bridle ; check, restraint. Curd, s. the coagulation of milk : v. to turn into curds, to coagulate. Cur'dle, v. to coagulate, to turn into curds. Curd'y, a. coagulated; concreted. Cure, s. a remedy, a restorative ; the act of healing ; the benefice or employment of a curate : v. to restore to health ; to salt. Cu'red, p. and a. healed, restored, preserved. Cu'reless, a. having no remedy, incurable. Cur'few, s. an evening bell. Curios'ity, d. inquisitiveness ; a rarity. Curio'so, [Ital.] s. one who is fond of col- lecting rare and curious articles. Cu'rious, a. inquisitive, rare, nice, accurate. Cu'riously, ad. inquisitively ; elegantly. Cu riousness, s. singularity of contrivance. Curl, s. a ringlet of hair ; a wave : v. lutura into ringlets, to twist; to rise in waves ex undulations. Cur'lew, s. a kind of water fowl. Curl'iness, s. the state of any thing curled. Curl'ing-irons, Curl'ing-tongs, s. an iron in- strument for curling the hair. Curl'y, a. inclining to curl. Curmud'geon, s. an avaricious fellow, a churl, a miser, a niggard. Cur'rant, s. a well-known garden fruit ; a small kindof dried grape imported fromtfee Ionian Islands loriginally from Corinth). Currency, j. circulation, general reception ; paper established as, and passing for, the current money of the realm. Cur'rent, a. running ; passing ; generally re- ceived : s. a running stream ; course. Cur'rent! y, ad. in a constant motion. Cur'rentness, s. general reception ; currency. Cur'ricle, s. a chaise or carriage with two wheels, drawn by two horses abreast. Cur'rier, s. a dresser of tanned leather. Cur'rish, a. snappish, quarrelsome, sour. Cur'rishly, ad. in a currish manner. Cur'rishness, *. moroseness ; churlishness. Cur'ry, v. to dress leather ; to beat ; to rut the hide of a horse ; to tickle or please by flattery. Cur'ry, s. a mixture of various eatables sea- soned with hot and pungent spices. Cur'rycomb, s. an iron comb for horses. Curse, v. to wish evil to, to execrate, to tor- ment : s. a malediction ; a torment. Curs'edly, ad. miserably, shamefully. Curs'edness, s. the being doomed to evil. Curs'ing, s. execration ; act of swearing. Cur'sive, a. hasty, careless. Cur'soriness, s. slight attention. Cur'sitor, s. a clerk in Chancery. Cur'sory, a. superficial ; hasty, careless. Cursorily, ad. hastily, without care. Cur'sus, s. a course, a race. Curt, a. brief, short. Curtly, ad. briefly, shortly. Curtail', v. to cut off, to abridge. Cur'tain, s. the drapery of a bed or window ; a term in fortification : v. to hang or en- close with curtains. Ciir'tain-lecture, s. a lecture given by a wif« to her husband in bed. Cur'tal, a. brief, abridged. Curt'sy. See Courtesy. Cu'rule, a. belonging to a chariot ; senatorial. Curv'ated, a. bent ; crooked. Curva'tiou, *. the act of bending or crooking. Curv'ature, s. crookedness, bent form. Curve, v. to bend, to crook : a. crooked : *. any thing bent, or of a winding form. Curv'et, s. a leap, a bound, a frolic. Curvet', v. to leap, bound, prance, frisk. Curvilin'eal, Curvilin'ear, a. consisting ©f regularly bent or curved lines. Curv'ity, s. crookedness. Cush'ion, s. a soft seat for a chair. Cushioned, a. seated on a cushion. Cusp, s. the horns of the moon ; a point. Cusp'ated, a. terminating in a point, pomtea, Cusp'idal, a. sharp ; ending in a point. Cus'tard, s. sweet food, made of milk, &o> cus 64 1) A N Costo'clial, a. relating to custody. Cus'tody, s. imprisonment, security, care. Cus'tom, s. habitual practice, usage ; a tax or duty on exports and imports : v. to ac- custom, to make familiar. Cus'tomable, a. common, habitual ; subject to the payment of duties called customs. Cus'tom-house, s. a house where duties are received on imports and exports. Cus'toniarily, ad. habitually. Cus'tomariness, s. frequency ; commonness. Cus'tomary, s. a book of laws and customs : a. common, general. Cus'tomed, a. usual ; common ; accustomed. Cus'toiuer, s. one who buys any thing. Cus'tos, s. a keeper (as custos rotulorum, keeper of the rolls and records). Cut, v. to separate by an edged instrument ; to divide ; to hew, to carve : s. a wound made by cutting ; a part cut off ; a near cut or passage ; an engraving or printed picture ; shape. Cuta'neous, a. relating to the skin. Cu'tiele, s. a thin skin ; the scarf skin. Cutic'ular, a. belonging to the skin. Cut'lass, s. a bread eurving sword. Cut'Jer, s. one who makes knives, &c. Cut'lery, s. ware made by cutlers. Cut'let, s. a steak ; a chop. Cut'purse, s. a thief; a pickpocket. Cut'ter, s. a fast-sailing vessel ; one that cuts. Cut'throat, s. a murderer : a. murderous. Cut'ting, s. a piece cut off; a branch. Cut'tie, s. a fish, which when pursued throws out a black liquor : a. a foul-mouthed fellow. Cut'-water, s. the fore part of a ship's prow that cuts the water. Cyc'le, s. a circle ; a periodical space of time. Cyc'ioid, s. a figure of the circular kind. Cycloid'al, a. relating to a cycloid. Cyclopaedia, s. a body or circle of sciences ; a book of universal knowledge. Cyclope'an. Cyclop'ic, a. vast ; terrific. Cyg'net, s. a young swan. Cylinder, *. a long round body; a roller. Cylin'dric, Cylindrical, a. like a cylinder. Cyl'indroid, s. a solid body, having its bases elliptical, parallel, and equal. Cymar', s. a slight covering ; a scarf. Cym'bal, s. a musical instrument. Cyn'ic, s. a follower of Diogenes; asnarler. Cyn'ic, Cyn'ical, a. satirical, churlish. Cynically, ad. in a snarling morose manner. Cyn'icalness, s. moroseness, united with con- tempt of riches and pleasure. Cyn'icism, s. churlishness, moroseness. Cyn'osuro, s. the north polar star ; any thing which attracts attention. Cy'press, s. a tree ; an emblem of mourning. Cyp'rian, a. belonging to the island of Cyprus : s. a courtesan. Cy'prine, a. made of cypress wood. Cy'prus, s. a thin transparent stuff. Cyst, s. a bag in animal bodies containing morbid matter. Cys'tic, a. contained in a cyst or bag. Cyt'isus, s. a flowering shrub. Czar, s. the title of the emperor of Russia. Czari'na, s. title of the empress of Russia. Czaro'witz, s. the title of the eldest son of the czar and czarina. D is the numeral for 500 ; it is also used in certain abbreviations, as D. D. Doctor of Divinity, &c. Dab, v. to strike gently with something moist; to slap : s. a flat fish ; a gentle blow ; an adept. Dab'ble, v. to smear, to spatter; to meddle ; to play in water. Dab'bler, s. a superficial meddler. Dab'chick, s. a small water fowl. Dace, s. a small river fish. Dac'tyl, s. a poetical foot, consisting of one long syllable and two short ones. Dad, Dadda', Dad'dy, s. words by which a child is taught to call his father. Daffodil, Daffodilly, s. a Mower, a lily. Daft, a. idiotic ; imbecile in mind. Dag'ger, s. a short sword, a poniard ; an obe- lisk, or mark of reference, thus f- Dag'gle, v. to trail in the mire or water. Dag'glctail, a. bemired, bespattered. Dai'ly, a. and ad. happening every day ; very often. Dain'ty, a. delicate, nice : s. a delicacy. Dain'tily, ad. deliciously, delicately. Dain'tincss, s. delicacy ; softness. Dai'ry, s. a milk farm ; a house where milk is manufactured into butter and cheese. Dai'sied, a. full of or adorned with daisies. Dai'sy, s. a small common spring flower. Dale, €. a vale, a space between two hills. Dal'liance, s. mutual caresses, love ; delay. Dai'ly, v. to trifle, fondle, amuse ; to delay. Dam, s. a mother of brutes ; a mole or bank to stop water ; a floodgate. Dam, v. to shut up, to confine, to obstruct. Dam'age, s. mischief, loss, retribution : v. to injure, to impair, to hurt. Dam'ageable, a. which may be hurt. Dam'ask, s. linen or silk woven into regular figures : v. to weave in flowers. Dam'ask-rose, s. the rose of Damascus ; a red rose of a very sweet odour. Damaskeening, s. the art of adorning iron or steel, by making incisions, and filling them up with gold or silver wire. Dame, s. a lady ; a matron or mistress. Dam'n, v. to curse ; to doom to torments in a future state ; to censure, to condemn. Dam'nable, a. deserving damnation. Dam'nably, ad. in a damnable manner. Damna'tion, s. exclusion from Divine mercy, condemnation to eternal punishment. Dam'natory, a. containing a condemnation. Dam'ned, p. and a. cursed, detestable. Dam'nify, v. to injure, to hurt, to impair. Damp, a. moist; foggy; dejected: s. mois- ture ; fog ; depression of spirits : v. to moisten ; to dispirit. Damp'er, s. a discouragement. Damp'ish, a. moist ; inclining to wet. Damp'islmess, s. tendency to moisture. Damp'ness, s. moisture ; fogginess. Damp'y, a. moist ; dejected ; gloomy. Dam'sel, J. a young maiden, a girl. Dam'son, Damascene, s. a black plum. Dance, v. to move the feet to the sound oi music : *. regulated motion of the feet to music. Dan'cer, s. one that practises dancing. DAN 65 DEB Dan'cing, s. a motion of the feet to music. Dan'cing-master, 5. one who teaches dancing. Dandeli'ou, s. the name of a plant. Dan'diprat, s. a little fellow, an urchin. Dan'dle, v. to move an infant up and down on the hands to quiet or amuse it ; to fondle. Dan'driff, Dan'druff, s. scurf on the head. Dan'dy, s. a fop, a coxcomb. Compare D««rf/prat and Jackactawcfy. Dan'dyism, 5. foppery in dress and manners. Dane, s. a native of Denmark. Da'negelt, s. a tribute paid to the Danes. Da'nger, s. risk, hazard : v. to endanger. Da'ngerless, a. without hazard, very safe. Da'ngerous, a. full of danger, unsafe. Da'ngerously, ad. hazardously ; with danger. Da'ngerousness, s. danger, peril. Dan'gle, v. to bang loose, to follow. Dan'gler, a', one who dangles or hangs about. Da'nish, a. relating to the Danes. Dank, a. very damp, humid, wet. Dank'ish, a. somewhat damp. Dank'ishness, s. moisture ; dampness. Dap'per, a. little and active ; neat, tight. Dap'ple, v. to variegate, to streak. Dap'pled, a. of different colors, streaked. Dare, v. to challenge, to defy. Da'ring, a. bold, fearless, adventurous. Da'ringly, ad. boldly; courageously. Da'ringncss, s. boldness, fearlessness. Dark, a. wanting""light, gloomy, obscure : *. darkness, obscurity ; want of light. Dark'en, v. to make dark, to cloud, to perplex. Dark'ish, a. approaching to dark, dusky. Dnrk'ling, a. in the dark la poetic word). Dark'ly, ad. obscurely, blindly. Dark'ness, s. absence of light ; obscurity. Dark'some, a. gloomy, obscure. Dar'ling, s. a favorite : a. dear, beloved. Darn, v. to mend holes, to sew. Dar'nel, s. a common field weed. Dart, s. a weapon thrown by the hand : v. to let fly as a dart ; to move rapidly. Dash, v. to strike against ; to break by colli- sion ; to fly or start off abruptly ; to form or sketch in haste ; to obliterate with the stroke of a pen ; to confound or surprise with shame or fear : s. a sudden blow ; a collision; a mark in writing ( — ) ; show or flourish. Dash'ing, a. precipitately driving; showy. Das'tard, s. a coward: a. cowardly. Das'tardlincss, s. cowardliness. Das'tardly, a. cowardly, base, timorous. Da'ta, [Lat.] s. pi. facts or truths admitted. Date, v. to note the precise time : s. the time at which any event happened, or a letter is written ; a fruit. Da'teless, a. without any fixed term or date. Da'te-tree, s. a species of palin-treo. Da'tive, a. in grammar, the case that signifies the person to whom a thing is given. Daub, v. to smear ; to paint coarsely ; to flatter grossly : s. a coarse painting. Daui/ing, s. coarse painting ; gross flattery. Daub'y, a. slimy, adhesive, glutinous. Daugh'ter, jr. a female child. Daughterly, ad. like a daughter ; dutiful. Daunt, v. to diseourago, to intimidate. Daunt'less, a. fearless, bold. • Daunt'lessness, s. fearlessness, boldness. Dau'phin, s. the title of the heir apparent to the crown of France. Dau'phiness, s the wife of the dauphin. Daw, s. the name of a bird, the jackdaw. Daw'dle, v. to waste time ; to trifle. Dawn, v. to begin to show day or daylight ; to open upon : s. break of clay ; beginning. Dawn'ing, s. the light at break of day. Day, s. the time between the rising and set- ting of the sun ; the time from noon te noon, or from midnight to midnight ; light as opposed to darkness or night ; sunshine ; life ; an appointed time ; an age ; a con- test, as "to win the day." Day'book, s. a tradesman's account-book. Day'break, s. first appearance of day, dawn. Day'dream, s. a vision to the waking senses. Day'laborer, s. one that works by the day. Day'light, s. the light of the day. Day'spring, s. the rise of the day. Day'timc, s. the time in which there is light. Day's-work, s. the work of one clay. Daz'zfe, v. to overpower with light ; to sur- prise with -splendor. Daz'zling, a. striking with splendor. Dea'con, s. one of the lowest order of the clergy ; a corporate officer. Dca'conry, s. dignity or office of deacon. Dead, a. deprived of life ; spiritless, dull. Dead-drunk, a. helplessly intoxicated. Dcad'en, v. to deprive of life or sensation; to weaken. Dead'liness, *. the state of being deadly. Dead'ly, a. destructive, mortal, cruel : ad. mortally, irreconcilably. Deadly-night'shade, s. a poisonous plant. Dead'ncss, s. want of natural or vital power. Dead-reck'oning, s. a conjecture of a ship's place by the log-book, without the observa- tion of the heavenly bodies. Dead'-watcr, s. the water that closes in with a ship's stern. Deaf, a. wanting the sense of hearing. Deafen, v. to make deaf, to stupify. Deafness, s. want of the power of hearing. Deal, s. a share, a portion, a quantity ; a thin plank : v. to divide ; to distribute ; to traffic. Deal'er, s. one who deals cards ; a trader, Deal'ing, s. practice, intercourse, traffic. Dean, s. the second dignitary of a diocess. Dean'ery, *. the office or house of a dean. Dear, a. valuable, costly, beloved : s. a word of endearment ; darling. Deafly, ad. with fondness ; at a high price. Deafness, s. fondness, love ; high price. Dearth, s. scarcity, want, famine. Death, s. the extinction of life ; mortality. Dcath's-door, s. a near approach to death. Doath'lcss, a. immortal, perpetual. Death'like, a. resembling death, still. Death'watch, s. a small insect that makes a tinkling noiso, superstitiousJy supposed to prognosticate death. Debar', v. to exclude, preclude, hinder. Debark', v. See Dis'embark. Debarka'tion, s. act of disembarking. Doba'se, v. to degrade, to lower, to adulterate. Debasement, s. act of debasing or degrading. Deba'table, a. affording room for debate, DEB Co DEC Debate, s. a dispute, a contest, a quarrel : v. to deliberate, to dispute, to argue. Debateinent, S. controversy, deliberation. Debater, s. a disputant ; a controvertist. Debauch', s. excess, luxury, drunkenness : v. to corrupt, to vitiate, to ruin. Debauchee', s. a rake, a drunkard. Debauch'ery, s. lewdness, intemperance. Deben'ture, s. a writ, or written instrument, by which a debt is claimed. Debil'itate, v. to weaken, to enfeeble. Debilitating, a. calculated to weaken. Debilita'tion, s. the act of weakening. Debil'ity, s. weakness, langour. Deb'it, s. the debtor side of an account : v. to charge as a debtor. Debonair', [Fr.] a. elegant, civil, well-bred. Debonair'ly, ad. elegantly ; with a genteel air. Debou'ch, [Fr.] v. to issue or march out of a narrow place or defile. Debris, [Fr.] s.pl. fragments of rocks ; ruins; rubbish ; remains. Debt, s. that which one man owes to another. Debt'or, s. one that owes money, &c. Dec'ade, s. the sum or number of ten. Deca'dence, Deca'dency, s. a decay ; a fall. Dec'agon, s. a figure of ten sides and angles. Dec'alogue, s. the ten commandments. Decam'eron, ,y. the name of a book divided into ten parts. Decamp', v. to shift a camp ; to move off. Decamp'ment, s. the act of shifting the camp; marching or moving off. Decant', v. to pour off gently. Deeanta'tion, s. decanting or pouring off. Decan'ter, s. a glass vessel for liquor. Decap'itate, v. to behead, to cut or lop off. Decapitation, s. the act of beheading. Decay', s. a decline, a gradual falling away : v. to decline, to fail ; to fall or wither away. Decay'cr, s. that which causes decay. Dece'ase, s. departure from life, demise : v. to die, to depart from life. Dece'ased, a. departed from life, dead.' Deceit', s. fraud, craft, artifice, pretence. Deceit'ful, a. full of deceit, fraudulent. Deceittully, ad. fraudulently ; with deceit. Deceit'fulness, s. the being deceitful. Deceit'less, a. free from deceit. Dece'ivable, a. that may be deceived. Deceiv'ableuess, s. liableness to be deceived. Dece'ive. v. to delude, to impose upon. Dece'iver, s. one who deceives ; an impostor. Decem'ber, s. the last month of the year. Decern' virate, s. a government by ten rulers. Decem'viri, s. the ten governors of Rome. De'cency, s. propriety, modesty, decorum. Decen'mal, a. of or containing ten years. De'cent, a. becoming, suitable, modest. De'cently, ad. in a proper manner, modestly. Decep'tion, s. the act of deceiving ; fraud. Decep'tious, a. deceitful, fraudulent. Decep'tive, a. deceiving ; misleading. Decerpt', a. plucked, cropped. Deoi'dable, a. capable of being determined. Deci'de, v. to determine, settle, conclude. Deci'dod, a. determined, unequivocal. Deoi'dedly, ad. in a determined manner ; positively Decid'uous, a. falling off, not perennial. De"cimal, s. a tenth : a. numbered bv tens. De"c>mally, ad. by means of decimals. De"cimate, v. to take the tenth. Decima'tion, s. a tithing ; a seiection by let of every tenth soldier for punishment. Deci'pher, v. to explain, unravel, unfold. Decis'ion, s. the termination of a difference. Deci'sive, a. terminating, final, positive. Decisively, ad. in a decisive manner. Dcci'siveness, s. the quality of being deci- sive ; conclusiveness. Deck, v. to cover over ; to dress, to adorn. Deck, s. the floor of a ship ; a pile of cards. Deck'er, s. one who dresses or adorns ; spoken of a ship, as a two-decker ; that is, having two decks. Declaim', v. to harangue ; to speak to tho passions. Declaim'er, s. one who declaims. Declama'tion, s. a discourse addressed to thsj passions, an harangue. Deeiam'atory, a. full of declamation. Declarable, a. capable of proof; real. Declara'tion, s. an affirmation, a proclamation. Declar'ative, a. explanatory, proclaiming. Declar'atory, a. affirmative, clear, expressive. Decla're, v. to make known, to proclaim. Decla'redly, ad. avowedly ; undisguisedly. Declen'sion, s. declination, descent ; inflexion of nouns ; corruption of morals. Decli'nable, a. capable of being declined. Declina'tion, s. descent ; the act of bending ; (in astronomy) distance from the equator. Declina'tor, s. an instrument for taking the declination of the stars. Decli'ne, v. to lean, to bend, to decay ; to shun ; to refuse ; to inflect words : s. a decay, a tendency to worse. Decliv'ity, s. an oblique or gradual descent. Decoct', w.to prepare by boiling in ; to digest. j Decoc'tible, a. capable of being decocted. Decoc'tion, *. a preparation by boiling. Decompo'sable, a. that may be decomposed. Decompo'se, v. to dissolve or resolve a mixed body ; to unmix, to analyze. Decomposi"tion, s. the reduction of a body to the separate or elementary parts of which it is composed. Decompound', v. to decompose. Dec'orate, v. to adorn, to embellish. Decora'tion, s. an ornament; embellishment. Dec'orator, s. one who adorns or embellishes. Deco'rous, a. decent, suitable, becoming. Deco'rously, ad. in a becoming manner. Decor'ticate, v. to divest of bark, to peel. Decortication, s. the act of stripping off the bark of trees. Deco'rum, s. decency, order, seemliness. Decoy', v. to allure, to ensnare, to entrap : a. a place to catch wild fowl in. Decoy'-duck, s. a duck that lures others. Decre'ase, v. to grow less, to be diminished : s. a growing less, a decay. Decree', v. to determine, to ordain, to ap- point : s. an edict ; a law. Decrep'it, a. wasted and worn by age. Decrepitation, s. a crackling noise. Decrep'itude, s. the Jast stage ot old age. Decres'cent, a. growing less, decreasing. Decretal, a. appertaining to a decree. Decretal, ». a book of decrees or edicts. DEC 67 DEG Docre'tist, s. one who studies the decretal. Dec'retory, a. judicial, final, critical. Decri'al, s. clamorous censure. Decri'er, s. one who censures clamorously. Decry', v. to censure, to clamor against. Decuba'tion. Deeum'bence, s. the act of lying down, the posture of 1 ying. Decum'bent, a. lying on the ground ; low. Dec'uple, a. tenfold ; repeated ten times. Decur'rent, a. extending downwards. Decu'rion, 5. a commander of ten men. Ded'alous, a. (in botany l having a margin with various windings and turnings. Ded'icate, v. to devote to, to inscribe : a. consecrated ; appropriated. Dedica'tion, s. consecration ; a complimentary address prefixed to a book. Dedicator, s. one who inscribes his work to a patron. Ded'icatory, a. comprising a dedication. Dedu'ce, v. to gather or infer from. Dedu'cible, a. that which may be inferred. Deduct', v. to subtract, to separate. Deduc'tion, s. an abatement, an inference. Deduct'ive, a. that which may be inferred. Deductively, ad. by regular deduction. Deed, s an action, an exploit, a fact ; a writing containing a legal contract. Deem, v. to judge ; to conclude ; to think. Deeni'ster, s. a judge so called in Jersey and the Isle of Man. Deep, a. far to the bottom ; profound ; saga- cious ; artful : s. the sea, the ocean : ad. to a great depth. Deep'en, v. to make deep, to grow deep. Deep'ly, ad. to a great depth ; profoundly. Deep'-mouthed, a. having a loud, hollow voice. Deep'ness, s. depth, profundity, cunning, sagacity, insidiousness. Deep'-read, a. profoundly versed in books. Deep'-toned, a. having a low sonorous tone. Deer, s. a forest animal hunted for venison. Defa'ce, v. to destroy, to erase, to disfigure. Defa'cer, s. one who injures or disfigures. Defalcate, v. to cut or lop off, to abridge. Defalcation, s. a diminution, a cutting off. Defama'tion, s. slander, reproach, detraction. Defam'atory, a. calumnious, scandalizing. Defa'me, v. to censure falsely, to libel. Defa'mer, s. one that injures another by cast- ing unj ust reflections on his character. Default', s. an omission, defect, failure. Default'er, s. one who fails in payment, &c. Defeat', v. to overthrow, to frustrate : s. an overthrow, a frustration. Defecate, v. to cleanse, to purify. Defect', s. a fault, a blemish, an imperfeotion. Defectibil'ity, s. faultiness, imperfection. Defect'ible, a. imperfect, deficient, wanting. Defection, s. failure, apostasy, revolt. Defect'ive, a. full of defects, imperfect. Defectively, ad. wanting the just quantity. Defectiveness, s. the being defective. Defect'uous, a. full of defects, defective. Defen'ce, *. an act of resistance ; a verbal or written vindication ; a guard. Defcn'celess, a. naked, unguarded, impotent. Defen'celessness, s. an unprotected state. Defend', v . to protect, to vindicate, to uphold. Defend'able, a. that may be defended. Defend'ant, s. one who defends or opposes iia a court of lawthe demand or charge brought against him. Defend'er, s. a protector, a vindicator. Defensible, a. that maybe defended, right. Defensive, s. safeguard, in a state of de- fence : a. serving to defend. Defens'ively, ad. in a defensive manner. Defer', v. to put off, to delay ; to submit. Deference, s. regard, respect, submission. Deferen'tial, a. expressing deference. Deferlnent, s. delay ; a putting off. Defi'ance, s. a challenge ; an expression of abhorrence or contempt. Defi"ciency, s. a defect, want, imperfection. Defi"cient, a. failing, wanting, defective. Deficiently, ad. in a defective manner. Deficit, s. want, deficiency. Defi'er, s. a challenger, a contemner. Defi'le, v. to make foul, to pollute. Defi'le, s. a narrow pass in which troops ean pass only in file : v. to go off file by file. Defi'led, p. and a. polluted, corrupted. Defi'lement, *. pollution, corruption. Defi'ler, s. a corrupter, a violator. Defi'uable, a. that may be defined. Defi'ne, v. to give the definition, to explain. Definite, a. certain, limited, precise. Def initeness, s. certainty, limitedness. Defini"tion, s. a short description of a thing by its properties ; an explanation. Definitive, a. determinate, express, positive: s. that which ascertains or defines. Definitively, ad. positively ; decisively. Deflect', v. to turn aside, to deviate. Deflec'tion, s. deviation, a turning aside. Deflo'rate, a. having shed the pollen or fe- cundating dust (a botanical term). Deflora'tion, s. the act of deflouring. Deflour', v. to take away the flower or beauty of any thing ; to defile or pollute. Deflux'ion, s. flow of humours downwards. Deform', v. to disfigure, to spoil the form. Deformation, s. a disfiguring or defacing. Deform'ed, a. ugly, disfigured, crooked. Deformity, s. ugliness, crookedness. Defraud', v. to deprive of by fraud ; to cheat. Defraud'er, s. one who defrauds or cheats. Defraud'ment, *. the act of defrauding. Defray', v . to bear charges or expenses. Defray'er, s. one who discharges expenses. Defraytnent, s. discharge, payment. Deft, a. neat, handsome, proper, ready. Deftly, ad. neatly, dexterously. Defunct', a. dead, extinct : s. a dead person. Defy', v. to challenge, to dare. Degen'eracy, s. departure from ancestral virtue ; meanness, vice. Degen'erate, v. to decay in virtue or kind. Degen'erate, a. unworthy, base. Degen'erately, ad. in a degenerate manner. Degen'erateness, s. a degenerate state. Degradation, s. the act of degrading ; ;i placing lower ; baseness. Degra'de, v. to place lower ; to dishonor. Degra'dement, s. deprivation of rank or office ; degradation. Degra'dingly, ad. in a degrading manner. Degree', s. a step ; rank ; station ; descent ; rank or title at a university; the 360th part of a circle ; 60 geographical miles. DEH 63 DEN Dehort', v. to dissuade, to discourage. Dehort'atory, ft. belonging to dissuasion. Deifica'tion, s. the act of deifying. De'ify. v. to make a god of, to adore. Deign, v. to vouchsafe, to grant, to permit. De'ism, .?. th;? opinion of those who acknow- ledge one God, but deny revealed religion. De'ist, s. one who professes deism. Deist'ical, a. belonging to deism. De'ity, s. the Divine Being ; God. Deject', v. to cast down, to grieve, to afflict. Deject'ed, ft. cast down, depressed. Deject'edly, ad. in a dejected manner. Dcject'edness, s. the state of being cast down. Dejec'tion, s. lowness of spirits ; weakness. Deject'ory, ft. tending to cast down. Dejeune', [Fr.] s. a breakfast. Delay', v. to put off, to stop, to frustrate : s. a deferring ; a stop ; a hindcrance. Delayer, s. one that defers ; a putter off. Delec'table, a. delightful, phasing. Delec'tableness, s. delightfulness. Delec'tably, ad. delightfully ; pleasantly. Delecta'tion, s. pleasure, delight. Delegate, v. to send as a deputy ; to intrust. Del'egate, s. a deputy : ft. deputed. Del'egatcs, s. pi. an ecclesiastical court. Dclega'tion, s. a putting in commission ; persons representing any public body. Delete'rious, a. destructive, deadly. Del'etorv, s. that which blots out. Delf, Delft, s. a kind of counterfeit China ware, made originally at Delft. Deliberate, v. to weigh or balance in the mind ; to consider : a. circumspect, wary. Deliberately, ad. circumspectly ; slowly. Delib'erateness, s. circumspection. Deliberation, s. circumspection, thought. Deliberative, a. pertaining to deliberation. Del'icacy, s. daintiness, nicety ; scrupulous- ness ; tenderness. Del'icate, «. nice, dainty, polite, pure, fine. Delicately, ad. with delicacy. Del'icateno.ss, s. tenderness, effeminacy. DeIi"cious, ft. sweet, grateful, agreeable. Deli"ciously, ad. sweetly; pleasantly. Deli"ciousness, s. delight ; pleasure ; joy. Delight', s. joy, satisfaction, pleasure : v. to give delight; to please greatly. Delight'ful, «. charming, pleasant. Delightfully, ad. pleasantly ; with delight. Delight'fulness, s. pleasure ; satisfaction. Delight'some, a. very pleasing ; delightful. Delin'eate, v. to design, to sketch, to paint. Delinea'tion, s. an outline or sketch, either pictorial or descriptive. Delin'itnent, s. a mitigating or assuaging. Delinquency, s. default ; failure in duty. Delinquent, s. an offender, a criminal. Delicious, ft. light-headed, raving. Delir'iousness, s. the state of one delirious. Delir'ium, s. alienation of mind. Deliv'cr, v. to set free ; to release ; to give up ; to utter , to give birth to. Deliv'crable, a. that may be delivered. Deliverance, s. freedom from ; utterance. Deliverer, s. a saver; a rescuer. Dcliv'ery, s. release ; rescue ; childbirth. Dell. s. a hollow place ; a little valley. Del'ta, S. a triangular tract of land towards the mouth of a river. Delu'dablc, a. liable to be deceived. Delu'de, v. to cheat, to deceive, to beguile. Delu'der, s. a beguiler ; a deceiver. Delve, v. to dig, to fathom. Delv'er, s. one who digs with a spado. Del'uge, s. a general inundation: v. to drown, to overwhelm. Delu'sion, s. a cheat, a deception, an error. Delu'sive, Delu'sory, ft. apt to deceive. Delu'siveness, s. tendency to deceive. Dem'agogue, s. a leader or agitator of th« people ; a popular and factious orator. Demand', v. to ask or claim with authority , to question : s. a claim ; a question ; a call. Demand'able, ft. that may be demanded. Demarcation, s. separation of territories. Demean', v. to behave ; to conduct one's self. Demean'our, s. carriage, behaviour. Demen'ted, a. infatuated, insane. Demer'it, s. the opposite to merit ; fault. Deme'sne, Domain, s. the land attached to a manor or mansion-house. Dem'i, a. a prefix signifying half. Dem'i-devil, s. half a devil; a wicked wretch. ! Dem'i-god, s . half a god ; a great hero. Dem'i-quaver, s. (in music) half a quaver. ; Dem'irep, s. a woman of (half reputation) suspicious chastity. j Demi'se, 5. death, decease : v. to grant at one's death ; to bequeath ; to transfer. Demi-semi-quaver, s. the shortest note in music, (the half of a demiquaver.) Democ'racy, s. a form of government, in which the sovereign power is lodged in the body of the people. Dem'ocrat, s. one devoted to democracy. Democratic, Democrat'ical, ft. relating to democracy. Demol'ish, v. to destroy, to overthrow. Demoli"tion, s. the act of demolishing. De'inon, s. a spirit, generally an evil one. Demo'niac, s. one possessed with a demon. Demo'niac, Demoni'acal, a. devilish ; relat- ing to or influenced by demons. De'monism, s. the act of worshipping demons. Demonol'ogy, s. a treatise on demons. Demon'strable, a. that may be demonstrated. Demon'strably, ad. evidently ; beyond doubt. Demon'stratc, v. to prove with certainty. Demonstration, s. the act of demonstrating ; the highest degree of evidence ; certain proof. Demon'strative, ft. invincibly conclusive. Demon'strativcly, ad. clearly ; plainly. Dem'onstrator, 5. one that demonstrates. Demoraliza'tion, s. destruction of morals. Demoralize, v. to render immoral. Demuieent, s. any medicine that softens or mollifies: a. softening, mollifying. Demur', v. to delay, to hesitate; to delay a process in law by doubts and objections; s. doubt ; hesitation. Demu're, ft. sober, grave, affectedly modest, Demu'rely, ad. affectedly, solemnly. Demu'reness, s. gravity of aspect. Domur'rage, s. an allowance paid for delay- ing ships. Donuu'rer, s. a stop in a lawsuit. Demy', s. a kind of paper (demi-sized). ! Den, s. a cavern ; cave for wild beasts, &o. i Denary, ft. relating to or containing ten. DEN 69 Denationalize, v. to deprive of national rights or to outlaw. Deni'able, a. that may be denied. Deni'al, s. refusal, negation, abjuration. Deni'er, s. a contradictor ; a disowner. Denier', [Fr.] a', a penny ; a small coin. Denization, s. the act of making a man free. Den'izen, ,?. a citizen ; a person enfranchised. Denominate, v. to give a name to. Denomination, s. a name given to; a title. Denom'inative, a. conferring a name. Denominator, *. the giver of a name ; the number below the line in a fraction. Deno'te, v. to mark, betoken, point out. Denou'ement, [Fr.] s. a winding up ; the discovery of the plot of a drama. Denoun'ce, v. to threaten, to accuse. Denouncement, s. a threat, an injunction. Denoun'cer, 5. one who denounces. Dens'e, a. close, compact, almost solid. Density, s. closeness, compactness. Dent. v. to indent, to mark with notches. Den'tal, a. relating to the teeth. Den'tate, Den'tated, a. toothed, notched. Den 'tides, s. pi. ornaments resembling teeth. Dentic'ulated, a. having small teeth or notches. Donticula'tion, s. a small indentation. Den'tifriee, s. a powder for the teeth. Dentil, s. a tooth-like oi-nament in cornices. Denti'lion, s. cutting or breeding the teeth. Den'tist, s. a tooth-doctor. Denu'de, v. to strip, to divest. Denuda'tion, s. the act of making naked. Denun'ciate, v. to denounce ; to threaten. Denuncia'tion, s. a public menace. Denunciator, s. he that proclaims a threat. Deny', v. to contradict ; to refuse, to disown. Deob'struent, a. removing obstructions : s. any aperient medicine. De'odand, s. any thing forfeited to the king ; originally intended to "be applied to piou3 uses. Depart', v. to go away ; to leave ; to die. Dcpart'nicnt, s. a separate office or duty ; a division or province. Departmental, a. belonging to a department. Depar'ture, s. the act of going away. Depau'perate, v. to make poor. Depend', v. to hang from ; to rely on. Depend'ence, s. connexion, reliance, trust. Dcpend'ent, a. hanging from or down ; in the power of another : s. one who lives in subjection to another ; a retainer. Depict', v. to paint, to describe, to portray. Deple'tion, s. act of emptying out or from. Deplo'rable, a. sad, lamentable. Deplo'rableness, s. state of being deplorable. Deplo'rably, ad. lamentably ; miserably. Deplo're, v. to lament, to bewail, to mourn. Deploy 7 , v. to spread wide, to display. Deplu'me, v. to strip off the feathers. Depo'nent, s. a witness on oath : a. (in Latin grammar) verbs that have a passive form with an active signification. Depop'ulate, v. to unpeople, to lay waste. Depopulation, s. havoc, destruction, waste. Depop'ulator, s. one who depopulates. Depo'rt, v. to carry, to demean, to behave. Deporta'tion, s. transportation, exile. Depo'sal, s. the act of deposing. DEE Depo'se, v. to lay down ; to bear w'taess ; to displace from a throne ; to degrade. Deposit, s. any thing lodged in trust ; a pledge : v. to lay down ; to lodge as a pledge or security. Depositary, s. one with whom any thing is lodged in trust. Deposition, s. the act of deposing. Depository, s. a place in which deposits are lodged ; a store or warehouse. Depo't. [Fr.] s. a place in which stores are deposited for the use of an army. Deprava'tion, s. depravity, defamation. Depra've, v. to vitiate, to corrupt. Depra'vediy, ad. in a depraved manner. Dcpra'vemeut, s. a vitiated state. Depravity, Depra'vednoss, s. corruption ; taint; a vitiated state. Dep'recate, v. to pray deliverance from; to avert by prayer ; to regret deeply. Deprcea'tiou, s. a prayer against evil. Dep'recatory, Dep'recative, a. tending to re- move or avert evil by prayer. Depre'eiate, v. to lessen in price or value. Deprecia'tion, *. a lessening of the value. Depre'ciative, a. undervaluing. Depreda'tion, s. a robbing, a spoiling. Dep'redator, S. a robber, a plunderer. Depress', v. to press or east down, to humble, to deject. Depression, s. lowness of spirits ; the act of pressing down or humbling. Depres'sive, a. having the power to depress. Depri'vable, a. liable to deprivation. Depriva'tion, s. the act of depriving. Depri've, v. to take from, to bereave. Depth, 5. deepness, or measure from the sur- face downwards; profundity; abstruseness. Deputa'tion, *. act of deputing ; the persons deputed. Dcpu'te, v. to send with a special commis- sion, to empower to act. Dcp'uty, s. any one that transacts business for another, a substitute, a viceroy. Dera'nge, v. to turn out of the proper course ; to disorder. Dera'ngement, s. disorder ; insanity. Derelic'tion, s. an utter forsaking. Der'elict, a. utterly forsaken. Deri'de, v. to ridicule, mock, laugh at. Deri'der, s. a mocker; a scoffer ; a buffoon. Deri'diugly, ad. in a jeering manner. Deris'ion, s. the act of deriding, contempt. Deri'sive, a. ridiculing, scoffing. Deri'sively, ad. with derision. Deri'vable, a. that may be derived. Derivation, s. a tracing from its original. Derivative, a. derived from another : j. the word or thing derived from another. Deriv'atively, ad. in a derivative manner. Deri've, v. to deduce from its original ; t ; owe its origin to ; to descend from. Der'nier, [Fr.] a. the last, the only remaining Der'ogate, v. to disparage, to detract from ; a. lessened in value, damaged. Deroga'tion, s. the act of lessening or de- tracting from ; defamation. Derog'ative, Derogatory, a. detracting; les- sening the honor or value of. Derog'atorily, ad. in a detracting manner. Der'vis, s. a Turkish monk or priest. MS 70 jJET Des'cant, *. a song or tune in parts ; a dis- quisition ; a discourse. I)escant / , v . to discourse at large upon. Descend', v. to come down, to sink. Descend'ant, s. the offspring of an ancestor. Descend'ent, a. falling ; proceeding from. Deseen'sion, s. the act of falling or sinking. Descent', s. a declivity ; invasion; lineage. Descri'bable, a. capable of description. Descri'be, v. to represent by words, to deli- neate ; to mark out. Descrip'tion, s. the act of describing ; a re- presentation ; a delineation. Descriptive, a. giving a description. Descry', v. to spy out ; to detect ; to discover. Des'ecrate, v. to pervert from a sacred pur- pose ; to profane. Desecration, s. the act of desecrating ; a pro- fanation. Desert', s. merit, worth; claim to reward. Des'ert, s. a wilderness ; solitude ; waste. Desert', v. to forsake, to abandon, to quit. Desert'er, s. one who forsakes his cause ; he that deserts his regiment. Deser'tion, s. act of forsaking or abandoning. Deser've, v. to be worthy of, to merit. Deserv'edly, ad. worthily ; justly. Deserv'ing, p. and a. worthy of; good. Deserv'ingly, ad. worthily ; meritoriously. Deshabil'le, [Fr.] s. an undress. Desideratum, s. that which is desirable. Desi'gn, v. to purpose, to project, to plan ; to sketch out : s. a plan ; a scheme ; an in- tention. Designate, v. to point out; to distinguish. Designation, s. appointment; intention ; the act of pointing or marking out. Designedly, ad. intentionally, purposely. Desi'gner, s. a contriver ; an architect. Designing, a. deceitful, cunning, insidious. Desi'gning, *'. the art of delineating. Desi'rable, a. worthy of desire, pleasing. Desi'rableness, s. quality of being desirable. Desi're, s. wish ; eagerness to obtain or enjoy : v. to wish for ; to express wishes ; to ask or demand. Desi'rous, a. full of desire, eager, anxious. Desi'rously, ad. with desire, earnestly. Desist', v. to cease from any thing, to stop. Desk, s. an inclining table to write on. Des'olate, v. to lay waste, to make desert. Des'olate, a. laid waste, uninhabited, solitary. Des'olately, ad. in a desolate manner. Desolation, s. destruction ; destitution. Des'olatory, a. causing desolation. Despair', s. hopelessness, despondence : V. to be without hope, to despond. Despair'ing, p. and a. giving up to despair. Despair'ingiy, ad. in a hopeless manner. Despatch', v . to send away hastily ; to per- form quickly ; to conclude an affair ; to kill : s. hasty execution ; speed ; an ex- press or hasty message. Despera'do, s. a furious desperate man. Des'perate, a. having no hope ; furious, rash. Des'perately, ad. rashly, madly, furiously. Desperation, *. despair ; rashness. Des'picable, a. contemptible, worthless. Des'picableness, s. meanness ; vileness. Des'pieably, ad. meanly ; vilely. Despis'e, v. to scorn, to disdain, to slight. Despi'ser, s. a contemner ; scorner. Despite, s. malice, malignity; defiance. Despiteful, a. malicious, full of hate. Despi'tefully, ad. maliciously; malignantly. Despoil', v. to rob, to plunder, to deprive. Despoliation, s. the act of despoiling. Despond', v. to despair, to lose hope. Despond'ency, s. despair, hopelessness. Despond'ent, a. dejected, despairing. Despond'ingly, ad. in a hopeless manner. Des'pot, s. an absolute prince ; one that governs with unlimited authority. Despot'ic, a. absolute, arbitrary, tyrannical. Despotically , ad. in a despotic manner. Despotism, s. absolute power, tyranny. Despu'mate, v. to throw off in foam, to froth. Dessert, s. fruit served after dinner. Destination, s. the destined purpose or place. Destine, v. to doom, to appoint, to devote. Destiny, s. fate, doom ; invincible necessity. Destitute, a. forsaken, in want, friendless. Destitution, s. want, poverty. Destroy', v. to lay waste, to kill, to ruin. Destroy'able, a. that may be destroyed. Destroy'er, s. the person that destroys. Destructibil'ity, s. liableness to destruction. Destructible, a. liable to destruction. Destruction, s. demolition ; ruin ; death. Destructive, a. destroying, wasteful. Destructively, ad. ruinously; mischievously. Destructiveness, s. the quality of destroying or ruining. Des'uetude, s. disuse of a custom. Des'ultorily, ad. in a desultory manner. Bes'ultoriness, s. unconnectedness. Des'ultory, a. unsettled, unconnected. Detach', v. to separate ; to send off a party. Detach'ed, p. and a. sent off ; disengaged. Detach'ment, s. a body of troops detached. Detail', s. a minute and particular relation : V. to relate minutely and particularly. Detain', v. to keep back ; to delay. Detect', v. to discover, to find out. Detect'er, s. one who finds out what another tries to conceal. Detection, s. discovery of guilt or fraud. Detention, s. the act of detaining ; restraint. Detective, a. fit, or able to detect. Deter', v. to discourage, to dishearten. Deter'gent, a. cleansing, purging: s. a cleansing or purgative medicine. Dete'riorate, v. to impair ; to make worse. Deterioration, s. state of growing worse. Determinable, a. that which can be decided. Deter' minate, a. fixed, limited ; decisive. Deter'minately, ad. resolutely, decisively. Determination, *. a decision ; a resolution. Deter'minative, a. directing to a certain end. Detor'mine, v. to fix, to resolve, to decide. Deter'mined, p. and a. resolved; decided. Deter'sive, a. having power to cleanse : s. a cleansing or detergent medicine. Detest', v. to hate, abhor, dislike greatly. Detest'able, a. hateful, odiou3, abominable. Detest'ableness, *. extreme hatefulness. Detest'ably, ad. abominably ; hatefully. Detestation, *. hatred, abhorrence. Dctest'er, s. one that hates or abhors. Dethro'ne, v. to divest of sovereignty. Dethronement, s. the act of dethroning. Defoliate, v. to make a noise like thunder. tJET 71 DIE) Detona'tion, s. the act of exploding. Detor'tion, s. a wresting or perversion from the true import. Detou'r, [Fr.] s. a turning ; a way about. Detract', v. to derogate, to slander, to defame. Detract'er, Detract'or, s. one who detracts from the reputation of others ; a slanderer. Detraction, s. defamation, slander. Detract'ive, a. tending to detract. Detract'or y, a. defamatory, derogatory. Det.'Timent, s. loss, damage, harm. Detrimen'tal, a. hurtful, injurious. Detri"tion, s. the act of wearing away. Detru'de, v. to thrust down ; to lower. Detrunca'tion, s. the act of lopping off. Detru'sion, s. the act of thrusting down. Deuce, s. the two in cards or dice ; the devil. Dev'astate, Devas'tate, v. to lay waste. Devasta'tion, s. waste, havoc, destruction. Devel'op, v. to unfold, to unravel, to detect. Devel'opment, s. an unfolding of. Devex'ity, s. incurvation downwards. De'viate, v . to wander, to go astray ; to err. Deviation, s. quitting the right way ; offence. Devi'ce, s. a contrivance , an emblem. DeVil, s. Satan ; a very wicked person. Dev'ilish, a. diabolical ; very wicked. Devil ishness, s. the quality of being devilish. Dev'ilism, s. the state of devils. Devilry, s. devilment ; impiety. De'vious, a. out of the common track ; erring. Devi'se, s. a will or testament; a bequest: v. to contrive ; to give by will. Devi'sable, a. that may be devised. Devi'sor, s. one who grants by will. Devoid', a. empty, vacant, destitute of. Devoir', *'. service ; an act of civility. Devol've, v. to fall by succession into new hands ; to roll down. Devolution, s. the act of rolling down. Devo'te, v. to consecrate ; to give up. Devo'tedness, s. state of being devoted to. Devotee', s. a bigot, a superstitious person. Devo'tement, s. consecration, a giving up. Devo'tion, s. piety ; worship ; zeal ; ardour. Devo'tional, a. suited to devotion. Devour', v. to eat ravenously ; to consume. Devour'er, s. a consumer ; he that devours. Devour'ingly, ad. in a devouring manner. Devout', a. pious, religious, sincere. Devout'ly, ad. piously ; with ardent devotion. Devout'ness, s. piety, devotion. Dew, s. a thin cold vapour or moisture : v. to moisten or wet with dew. Dew-drop, *. a drop of dew, a spangle of dew. Dew'-impearled, a. covered with dewdrops. Dew'lap, s. the flesh hanging from the throats of oxen. Dew'y, a. resembling or moist with dew. Dexter'ity, s. activity, expertness, readiness. Dex'ter, a. the right, not the left. Dex'terous, a. expert; adroit; skilful. Dex'terously, ad. expertly, skilfully, artfully. Dex'terousness, s. dexterity ; adroitness. Dey, s. the title of a Moorish prince. Diabe'tes, s. a morbid excess of urine. Diabe'tic, a. pertaining to diabetes. Dia'blerie, [Fr.] s. devilry ; hocus-pocus. Diabol'io, Diabolical, a. devilish, impious. Diabol'ically, ad. in a nefarious manner. Diab'olism, s. devilishuess. Diach'ylon, s. an emollient plaster. Di'adem, s. a crown, an ensign of royalty. Difer'esis, s. the mark used to separate a diphthongal syllable ; as in aerial. Diab'olism, s. the actions of the devil. Diagnostic, s. a distinguishing symptom : a. characteristic ; distinguishing. Diag'onal, s. a line from angle to angle : a. reaching from one angle to another. Diag'onally, ad. in a diagonal direction. Di'agram, s. a mathematical scheme, or de- lineation for demonstration. Di'al, s. a plate on which a hand shows the hour of the day by the progress of the sun. Di'alect, s. a peculiar form or idiom of a language ; a peculiar manner or style of speaking. Dialec'tic, a. pertaining to logic. Dialecti"cian, s. a logician ; a reasoner. Dialec'tics, s. the art of logic. Di'alist, s. a constructor of dials. Di'alling, s. the art of constructing dials. Dialogist'ic, a. having the form of a dialogue. Di'alogue, s. a conversation between two or more persons ; alternate discourse. Diam'eter, *. a line which passes through the centre of a circle or globe. Diamet'rical, a. pertaining to the diameter. Diamet'rically, ad. in a diametrical direc- tion ; in direct opposition. Di'amond, s. the most valuable of all gems. Diapa'son, s. an octave in music ; a concord. Di'aper, s. a sort of fine flowered or figured linen : v. to variegate with flowers. Diaphon'ics, *. the science of refracted sounds passing through different mediums. Diaphoret'ic, s. a sudorific medicine : a. pro-' moting perspiration . Di'aphragm, s. the midriff. Diarrhce'a, s. a purging ; a flux. Diarrhcet'ic, a. purgative. Di'ary, s. a daily account ; a journal. Dias'tole, s. the making a short syllable long; the dilatation of the heart. Diates'saron, s. the four Gospels; (in music) a perfect fourth. Diaton'ic, a. (in music) proceeding by dif- ferent tones, in ascending or descending. Di'atribe, s. a long and tedious disputation. Dib'ble, s. a gardener's planting-tool : v. t» plant with a dibble. Dice, s. pi. of Die : v. to game with dice. Di'cer, s. a player at dice, a gamester. Dichot'omous, a. regularly divided by pairs. Dicotyl'edon, s. a plant whose seeds divide into two lobes when germinating. Dic'tatc, v. to tell what to write ; to instruet or order : s. a precept ; an instruction. Dicta'tion, s. the act of dictating. Dicta'tor, s. a ruler ; a Roman magistrate. Dictato'rial, a. authoritative, overbearing. Dictatorship, s. the office of a dictator. Dicta'trix, s. a female who commands. Dic'tion, s. stylo, language, expression. Dic'tionary, s. a book explaining the words of any language alphabetically ; a lexicon. Dic'tum, *. a positive saying or assertion. Didac'tic, a. preceptive, doctrinal. Didac'tically, ad. in a didactic manner. Did'apper, s. a bird that dives into the water. Did'dle, v. to totter like a child ; to trick. DID 72 DIE Diduc'tion, s. a separation effected by with- drawing one part from another. Die, v. to lose life, to perish. Die, s. a small marked cube to play with ; stamp used in coinage. Di'et, s. an assembly of princes or states. Di'et, s. food ; prescribed or regulated food ; v. to supply with food. Di'etary, a. pertaining to the rules of diet. Dietet'ic, Dietet'ical, a. relating to diet. Differ, v. to be unlike, to vary, to disagree. Difference, s. dissimilitude ; a dispute. Different, a. distinct, unlike, dissimilar. Differencial, a. belonging to the method of calculating by infinitely small parts. Differently, ad. in a different manner. Difficult, a. hard to be done, not easy; la- borious, troublesome, vexatious. Difficultly, ad. hardly; with difficulty. Difficulty, s. that which is hard to accom- plish ; an objection or obstacle ; distress, perplexity. Diffidence, s. distrust, want of confidence. Diffident, a. not confident, distrustful. Diffidently, ad. in an unassuming manner. Diffuse, v. to pour out, to scatter, to spread abroad. Diffu'se, a. widely spread, not concise. Diffu'sely, ad. widely ; copiously. Diffu'sion, s. dispersion, a spreading abroad. Diffu'sive, a. dispersed, scattered, extended. Diffu'sivcly, ad. widely, extensively. Diffu'sivcness, s. the quality of being dif- fusive ; want of conciseness. Dig, v. to turn up or cultivate land. Digest', v. to dissolve in the stomach ; to re- duce to a plan, to arrange. Di'gest, s. a collection or body of laws. Digest'er, s. that which assists the digestion. Digestibil'ity, s. the being digestible. Digest'ible, a. that may be digested. Diges'tion, s. the dissolving of food in the stomach ; reduction to a regular plan. Digest'ive, a. having power to cause diges- tion : s. a medicine to aid digestion. Dight, v. to deck, to dress, to adorn. Di"git, s. three quarters of an inch ; the twelfth part of the diameter of the sun or moon ; any number under ten. Di"gital, a. pertaining to a digit or the finger. Digita'lis, s. a powerful medicine ; foxglove. Di"gitated, a. branched out like fingers. Dig'nified, p. and a. exalted, having dignity. Dig'nify, v. to advance, to exalt, to honor. Digmitary, s. a clergyman advanced to some dignity above that of a parochial priest. Dig'nity, s. grandeur, honor, rank. Di'graph, s. two vowels pronounced as one. Digress', v. to turn aside, to expatiate. Digression, s. a deviation from the subject. Digres'sive, a. deviating, expatiating. Digres'sively, ad. in the way of digression. Dike, s. a ditch, a bank, a mound. Dilapidate, v. to fall to ruin. Dilapidation, s. decay for want of repair. Dila'table, a. capable of extension. Dilata'tion, s. expansion, extension. Dila'te, v. to extend, to widen; to enlarge upon, to tell diffusely. Dila'tor. s. a muscle that dilates. Dil'atorily, ad. in a dilatory manner. Dil'atoriness, s. slowness, sluggishness. Dil'atory, a. tardy, slow, loitering. Dilom'ma, s. a difficult situation or choice. Dilettan'te, [Ital.] s. a lover of the fino arts. In the plural, Dilcttan'ti. Dil'igence, s. industry, constant application Dil'igent, a. persevering, assiduous, not idle. Diligently^, ad. with assiduity and care. Dil'uent, a. making thin or more fluid : s. that which thins other matter. Dilu'te, v. to make thin, to weaken. Dilu'tion, s. the act of diluting. Dilu'vial, a. belonging to a Hood. Dilu'vian, a. relating to the deluge. Dim, a. not clear in sight : v. to darken. Dimen'sion, .?. bulk, extent, capacity. Diinin'ish, v. to lessen, to impair, to degrade. Diminu'tion, s. the act of making less. Dimin'utive, a. small : s. a word expressive of diminution ; that which diminishes. Dimin'utively, ad. in a diminutive manner. Dimin'utiveness, s. smallncss, littleness. Dim'issory, a. granting leave to depart. Dim'ity, s. a fine fustian or cloth of cotton. Dim'ly, ad. obscurely, imperfectly. Dim'ness, s. dulness of sight, obscurity. Dim'ple, s. a small hollow in the cheek or chin : v. to sink in small cavities. Dim'pled, Dim'ply, a. full of dimples. Dim'-sighted, a. having imperfect vision. Din, s. a loud noise : v. to stun with noise. Dine, v. to eat or give a dinner. Ding, v. to dash or throw down with violence Ding-dong', s. a word by which the sound of bells is intended to be imitated. Din"gle, s. a hollow between two hills. Din'giness, s. the quality of being dingy. Din'gy, a. dark, dirty, soiled, foul. Di'ning-room, s. a room used to dine in. Din'ner, *. the chief meal of the day. Dint, s. a blow, a mark ; violence, force. Di'ocesan, s. a bishop or head of a diocess : a. pertaining to a diocess. Di'ocess, A', the jurisdiction of a bishop. Diop'tric, Diop'trical, a. assisting the sight in the view of distant objects. Diop'trics, s. the science of refracted lights. Dioram'a, s. that which is seen through an opening, as when clouds break ; a kind of exhibition of paintings. Dip, v. to put into any fluid, to immerse ; to enter slightly into : s. an immersion. Dipef alous, a. having two flower-leaves. Dip'hthong, s. two vowels joined together. Diphthongal, a. belonging to a diphthong. Diplo'ma, *. a writing or document confer- ring some privilege. Diplo'macy, s. the art or practice of treating with foreign states by diplomas or letters interchanged ; the skill and tact necessary for an envoy. Diplomatic, a. relating to envoys. Diplo'matist, s. one skilled in diplomacy. Dip'ping-needle, s. a magnetic needle that dips or inclines to the earth. Dip'teral, a. having two wings only. Dip'tot9, s. a noun of two cases only. Diradia'tion, s. the diffusion of the rays oi light from a luminous body. Dire, Di'rcful, a. dreadful, dismal, horrible. 13 IE 73 Direct', v.: straight, open, plain, express: v. to aim or drive on a straight line ; to re- gulate,- to command. Direction, s. an aim ; superscription. Directive, a. having the power of direction. Directly, ad. immediately, apparently. Direct'ness, s. tendency to any point. Dircc'tor, s. a superintendent; an instructor. Directo'rial, a. giving direction. Direc'tory, s. a hook of directions or ad- dresses : a. guiding, enjoining. Di'reful, a. dreadful, tcrrihle, calamitous. Di'reful ly, ad. dreadfully, terribly. Di'refulness, *. dreadfulness, horror. Di'reness, s. dismalncss, horror. Dircp'tion, s. the act of plundering. Dirge, s. a mournful or funeral ditty. Dirk, s. a kind of dagger or short sword. Dirt, s. mud, filth, mire : v. to dirty. Dirtily, ad. nastily, foully, filthily. Dirtiness, s. nastiness, sordidness. Dirt'y, a. foul, nasty, sullied ; base, mean : v. to soil or make foul. Dirup'tion, s. the act or state of bursting. Disability, s. want of power, weakness. Disa'ble, v. to render incapable, to impair. Disabu'se, v. to undeceive ; to set right. Disaccom'modafe, v. to inconvenience. Disadvan'tago, s. loss, injury to interest. Disadvantageous, a. hurtful, prejudicial. Disadvantageous] y, ad. prejudicially. (Disadvanta'geousness, s. loss ; injury. Disaffect', v. to fill with discontent. Disaffect'ed, p. and a. not wishing well to. Disaffect'edly, ad. in a disaffected manner Disaffect'edness, s. the being disaffected. Disaffection, s. want of loyalty or zeal. Disaffirm', v. to deny, to contradict. Disagree', v. to differ in opinion, to quarrel. Disagree'able, a. offensive, unpleasing. Disagree'ableness, 5. unpleasantness. Disagree'ably, ad. unsuitably, unpleasantly. Disagrcc'ment, s. difference, unsuitableness. Disallow', v. to deny ; to refuse permission. Disallow'able, a. not allowable, improper. Disannul', v. to annul, to make void. Disannul'ment, s. the act of annulling. DisapparCl, v. to disrobe ; to undress. Disappear', v. to bo lost to view, to vanish. Disappcar'ance, s. a becoming invisible. Disappoint', v. to defeat the expectation. Disappoint'ment, s. defeat of expectation. Disapprobation, s. dislik«, censure. Disapprobatory, a. not approbatory. Disappro'val, s. disapprobation. Disappro've, v. to censure, to dislike. Disarm', v. to take away or divest of arms. Disarm'cd, p. and a. deprived of arms. Disarrange, v. to unsettle. Disarrangement, s. disorder, confusion. Disarray', s. undress, disorder, confusion : v. to undress ; to overthrow. Disassociate, v. to disunite. Disas'ter, s. misfortune, grief, mishap. Disastrous, a. unlucky, calamitous. Disastrously, ad. in a disastrous manner. Disavouch', Disavow', v. to disown. DLsavow'al, Disavow'mont, s. denial. Disband', v. to dismiss from military service ; to separate, to break up, to scatter. Disbark', v. See Disembark. BIS Disbelief, s. a refusal of belief, discredit. Disbelie've, v. not to credit or believe. Disbelie'ver, s. one who refuses belief. Disbranch', v. to separate or lop off. Disbur'den, v. to unload, to discharge. Disbur'se, v. to spend or lay out money. Disbursement, s. a disbursing of money. Discard', v. to dismiss or eject from service. Disca'se, v. to strip, to undress. Discern', v. to descry, to distinguish, to judge. Discernible, a. perceptible, discoverable. Discemlbleness, s. visiblcness. Discern'ibly, ad. perceptibly; apparently. Discerning, p. and a. judicious, knowing : *. the power of accurately distinguishing. Discerning] y, ad. with discernment. Discern'ment, s. judgment, skill. Disccrp', v. to tear in pieces. Discerp'tion, s. the act of pulling to pieces. Dischar'ge, v. to unload ; to dismiss, to pay: S. a dismissing ; an acquittance. Discinct', a. ungirded ; loosely dressed. Discind', v. to divide ; to cut into pieces. Disci'ple, *. a scholar; a follower. Disciplina'rian, s. one who rules with strict- ness : a. pertaining to discipline. Disciplinary, a. pertaining to discipline. Discipline, s. military regulation, order : v. to instruct, to regulate, to keep in order. Disclaim', v. to disown, to deny, to renounce. Disclaimer, s. one that disclaims; a denial. Disclo'se, v. to reveal, to tell, to discover. Disclo'sure, s. revealing a secret, discovery. Discol'or, v. to change the color ; to stain. Discolora'tion, s. change of color. Discovered, p. and<2. changed in color. Discom'fit, v. to vanquish : s. a defeat. Discom'fituro, s. overthrow, loss of battle. Discom'fort, s. uneasiness ; sorrow : v. to grieve, to sadden Discommend', v. to censure, to blame. Discommend'able, a. blamable, censurable, Discommo'de, v. to put to inconvenience. Discommo'dious, a. inconvenient. Discompo'se, v. to disturb ; to ruffle ; to vex. Discompo'sure, s. disorder, perturbation. Disconcert', v. to unsettle ; to baffle. Disconform'ity, s. want of agreement. Disconnect', v. to disunite, to sever. Disconnect'ed, a. freed from connection with. Disconnection, s. disunion of parts. Disconsolate, a. comfortless, sorrowful. Discontent', s. want of content, sorrow. Discontent'ed, a. uneasy, dissatisfied. Discontcnt'edness, Discontentment, s. the state of being discontented ; uneasiness. Discontinuance, Discontinua'tion, s. a cessa- tion, separation, intermission. Discontinue, v. to leave off, to cease. Discontinuous, a. broken off, separated. Dis'cord, s. a disagreement ; opposition. Discord'ance, s. disagreement ; inconsist- ency. Discord'ant, a. disagreeing; inconsistent. Discord'antly, ad. in a discordant manner. Discount', v. to deduct a certain sum per cent, from the principal. Dis'count, s. a deduction or allowance. Discoun'tenance, v. to discourage, to abash. Discour'ago, v. to dishearten ; to deter. Discoar'agemcnt, s. tbat which disheartens. DIS 74 DIS Discourse, J. conversation : v. to converse. Discour'teous, a. uncivil, rough, impolite. Discourteously, ad. uncivilly; rudely. Discourtesy, s. incivility, rudeness. Dis'cous, a. broad, wide, flat. Discov'er, v. to disclose, to detect, to espy. Disco v'erable, -a. apparent ; exposed toview_ k Discov'erer, * one that finds out any thing. Discovery, s. the act of finding ; invention Discredit, s. ignominy, reproach, disgrace : v. not to believe ; to disgrace. Discreditable, a. disgraceful ; reproachful. Discreet', a. prudent, cautious, modest. Discreetly, ad. prudently ; cautiously. Discreet'ness, s. prudent cautiousness. Discrep'ance, Discrepancy, ». a difference. Discre'te, a. distinct, disjoined, separated. Discretion, s. prudence ;. liberty of acting. Discre"tional, a. left to discretion. Discre"tionally, ad. according to discretion. Discre'lionary, a. left at large ; unrestrained Discre'tive, a. separate, distinct. Discriminate, v. to distinguish between. Discrim'hiately, ad. distinctly, minutely. Discrimination, s. the act of distinguishing one from another ; a distinction or mark. Discriminative, a. that marks distinction. Discrim'jnatively, ad. with discrimination. Discum'ber, v. to unburden, to disengage. Di3cur'sive, a. progressive, argumentative. Diseui lively, ad. argumentatively. Discursiveness, a', range of argument. Discur'sory, a. argumentative, rational. Dis'cus, 4'. a quoit, a round iron for play. Discuss', v. to examine, to argue, to debate. Discus'sion, s. examination of a question. Disdain', s. contempt, scorn, indignation : v. to scorn ; to think unworthy. Disdain'ful, a. contemptuous, haughty. Disdain'fully, ad. contemptuously. Disdain'fulness, s. contemptuousness. Disea'se, s. distemper, malady, sickness : v. to afflict with disease, to infect. Disea'sed, p. andn. afflicted with distemper. Disembark', v. to put on shore, to land. Disembark'ment, s. the act of disembarking. Disembar'rass, v. to free from impediment. Di°embar'rassment, s. freedom from trouble. Disembodied, a. divested of the body. Disembod'y, v. to discharge from military incorporation ; to divest of body. Discmbo'gue, v . to discharge into the sea. Disembo'guement, s. the discharge of rivers into the ocean, &c. Disenibow'ei, v. to take out the bowels. Disembroil', v. to clear up, to disentangle. Disena'bie, v. to deprive of power. Disenchant', v. to free from enchantment. Disencum'ber, v. to disburden, to exonerate. Diseneuia'branoe, s. freedom from care. Disenga'ge, v. to extricate, to free from. pisenga'ged, p. and a. at leisure, clear from. Disenga'gement, s. freedom of attention. Disenno'ble, v. to degrade. Disenro'l, v. to erase out of a roll. Discnskt've, v. to free from slavery. Disentan"gle, v. to unravel, to disengage. Disenthral', v. to set free, to rescue. Diecnthro'ne, v. to depose a sovereign. Disentitle, v. to deprive of a title. Disentran'ce, v. to awaken from a trance. Disestecm", s. slight regard, dislike : v. *® regard with a slight degree of contempt. Disfa'vor, 5. slight displeasure, dislike : v. to discountenance. Disfigura'tion, s. the act of disfiguring. Disfig'ure, v. to deform, deface, mangle. Disfiglirement, s. defacement of beauty. Di3fran'chise, v. to deprive of franchise. Disfranchisement, s. depriving of privileges. Disgor'ge, v. to vomit, to pour out with force. Disgra'cc, s. dishonor, loss of favor : v. to put out of favor ; to shame. Disgraceful, a. ignominious, shameful. Disgra'cefully, ad. shamefully. Disgra'cefuiness, s. ignominy, reproach. Disgra'cious, a. unfavorable, unpleasing. Disgui'se, v. to conceal by an unusual dress to change the form of : s. dress to conceal . false appearance, a pretence. Disgust', s. an aversion, dislike, offence : r. to fill with aversion. Disgusting, a. nauseous, causing aversion. Disgustingly, ad. in a manner to disgust. Dish, s. a vessel used to serve up meat in : v. to put or serve up meat in a dish. Dishabille, s. See Deshabille. Dish'cloth, s. a cloth used for cleaning dishes. Bishear'ten, v. to discourage, to terrify. Disherit, v. to cut off from inheritance. [ Dishevel, v. to spread the hair disorderly. 1 Dishevelled, a. flowing disorderly. ! Dishon'est, a. void of probity, faithless. j Dishon'estly, ad. without probity. j Dishon'esty, s. want of honesty, knavery. I Dishon'or, s. reproach, disgrace, ignominy: I v. to disgrace ; to refuse the acceptance or payment of a bill ; to violate. Dishon'orable, a. shameful, reproachful. Dishon'orably, ad. in a dishonorable way. Dishu'mour, s. peevishness, ill humour. Disinclina'tion, s. dislike, want of affection Disincli'ne. v. to produce dislike to. Disinclined, a. not favorably disposed to. Disincorporate, v. to deprive of corporate powers ; to dissolve. Disingen'uous, a. illiberal, unfair, mean. Disir.gcn'uously, ad. in a disingenuous way. Disingcnliousness, s. mean subtlety. Disinherit, v. to deprive of inheritance. Disinter', v. to take out of a grave. Disinterested, a. void of private advantage. Disinterest'edly, ad. in a disinterested manner. Disin'torcstedness, s. freedom from self- interest. Disinter'mcnt. s. the act of unburying. Disjoin', v. to separate, to disunite. Disjoint', v. to put out of joint; to make in- coherent : a. disjointed. Disjointed, p. and a. separated, divided. Disjoint'! y, ad. in a divided state. Disjunct', a. disjoined, separate. Disjunction, s. a disunion, a separation. Disjunctive, a. separating. Disjunctively, ad', distinctly ; separately. Disk, s. the face of the sun, &c. ; a quoit. Disli'ke, s. aversion, disapprobation: v. t» disapprove, to hate. Disli'ken, v. to make unlike. Dislocate, v. to disjoint, to displace. DIS 75 Dislocation, s. the act of displacing; a joint displaced. Dislodge, v. to drive out, to move away. Disloy'al, a. not true to allegiance, faithless. Disloyalty, s. a want of allegiance. Dis'mal, a. sorrowful, gloomy, dark. Dis'mally, ad. sorrowfully, horribly. Dis'rnalness, s. gloominess, sorrow. Dismantle, v. to strip, to overthrow, to destroy. Dismast', v. to deprive of, or cut off masts. Dismay', v. to terrify, to affright, to deject. Dismay', s. a fall of courage, terror. Dismcra'ber, v. to cut off a limb; &c. Dismem'berment, s. separation by cutting. Dismiss', v. to send away, to discard. Dismiss'al, s. dismission, deprivation. Dismis'sion, s. a sending away ; deprivation. Dismissive, a. proclaiming leave to depart. Dismortgage, v. to redeem from mortgage. Dismount',^, to throw or alight from a horse. Disobe'dience, s. a breach <>f duty. Disobe'dient, a. undutiful, froward. Disobe'diently, ad. in a disobedient manner. Disobey', v. to neglect to obey. Disobli'ge, v. to give offence ; to disappoint. Disobli'ging, p. and a. uncivil, unpleasing. Disorder, s. want of order, confusion, dis- temper : v. to put out of order; to confuse ; to make sick. Disorderly, a. confused, irregular; lawless. Disor'dinatc, a. vicious, living irregularly. Discrganiza'tion, s. subversion of order. Disorganize, v. to destroy union or order. Disown', v. to renounce ; to deny. Dispar'age, v. to undervalue, to injure. Disparagement, s. injurious comparison. Disparity, s. inequality, dissimilitude. Dispart', v. to divide in two, to separate. Dispassionate, a. cool, moderate, impartial. Dispassionately, ad. in a calm manner. Dispas'sioned, a. free from passion. Dispatch', s. See Despatch'. Dispen'sable, a. that may be dispensed with. Dispen'sary, s. a place where medicines are dispensed to the poor. Dispensation, s. a distribution; the dealing outof any thing; the method of Providence; an exemption from some law ; an indul- gence from the Pope. Dispcn'ser, s. one that dispenses or distri- butes. Dispen'satory, s. a directory or book for making medicines : a. having the power of granting dispensation. Dispcn'se, v . to distribute ; to excuse. Dispeo'ple, v. to depopulate, to lay waste. Disperse, v. to scatter, to drive away. Dispers'ediy, ad. in a scattered manner. Disper'sion, s. the act of spreading abroad. Dispir'it, v to dishearten or discourage. Dispir'itedncss, s. want of vigour or vivacity. Displa'ce, v. to put out of place, to remove. Displacement, S. the act of displacing. Display', v. to spread wide, to exhibit. Display', J. an exhibition, a show. Displea'so, v. to oftVnd, to provoke, to disgust. Displeas'ure, s. offence, anger, disgrace. Displu'me, v. to deprive of feathers. Dispo'rt, s. play, sport, pastime : v. to play. DLspo 'sable, a. that may fce disposed of. DIS Dispo'sal, s. a regulation ; management. Dispo'se, v. to arrange ; to adapt ; to incline or frame the mind to ; to apply to any purpose ; to part with, to sell (with of, as to " dispose of"). Dispo'ser, s. a bestower ; a director. Disposition, s. order; method ; distribution ; temper of mind ; tendency. Dispossess', v. to put out. Dispossession, s. putting out of possession. Disprai'se, s. blame, censure: v. to blame, to condemn, to censure. Disproof, s. a confutation, a refutation. Disproportion, s. want of symmetry ; nn- snitableness : v. to mismatch ; to join un- fitly. Disproportionate, Disproportional, Dis- proportionate : a. unsuitable in form or quantity, without proportion. Disproportion ableness, Dispropor'tionate- ness, s. want of proportion ; inadequacy. Dispro've, v. to prove false or erroneous. Dis'putable, a. liable to be disputed. Dis'putant, s. an arguer, a controvertist. Disputation, s. controversy. Disputa'tious, Dispu'tativc, a. inclined or disposed to dispute ; captious. Dispu'te, v. to argue, to debate, to contend : S. controversy ; contest. Dispu'ter, s. one given to argument. Disqualification, s. that which disqualifies. Disqualify, v. to make unfit, to disable. Disqui'et, s. uneasiness, anxiety : v. to make uneasy, to disturb or annoy Disqui'etly, ad. without rest, anxiously. Disqui'etness, 5. uneasiness; restlessness. Disquisition, s. an argumentative inquiry. Disqui'etude, s. uneasiness, anxiety. Disregard', s. slight notice ; neglect, con- tempt : v. to slight, to despise. Disregard'ful, a. negligent, contemptuous. Disregard'fully, ad. heedlessly; negligently. Disrel'ish, s. bad taste ; dislike ; nauscoua- ness ; v. to make nauseous; to dislike. Disrep'utablc, a. disgraceful, unbecoming. Disrepute, s. want of reputation ; dishonor. Disrespect', s. rudeness, want of reverence. Disrespect'ful, a. irreverent, uncivil, rude. Disrespectfully, ad. irreverently ; uncivilly. Disro'be, v. to undress, to uncover, to strip. Disroot', v. to tear up by the roots. Disruption, *. a breaking asunder, a rent. Dissatisfae'tion, *. the state of being dis- satisfied. Dissatisfac'toriness, s. inability to satisfy. Dissatisfac'tory, a. not giving satisfaction. Dissat'isfy, v. to displease, to disoblige. Dissect', v. to anatomize, to cut in pieces. Dissee'tion, s. anatomy ; nice examination. Dissect'or, s. one who dissects ; an anatomist. Dissei'se, [a law term] ». to dispossess. Dissei'sin, s. an unlawful ejectment. Dissem'blance, s. want of resemblance. Dissem'ble, v. to play the hypocrite. Dissem'bler, *. a hypocrite, a pretender. Dissem'bling, *. fallacious appearance. Dissem'blingly, ad. with dissimulation. Dissem'inate, v. to scatter, to sow, to spread. Dissemina'tion, v. the act of disseminating. Dissem'inator, s. one who disseminates. Dissen'sion, s. disagreement, discord, strife. E2 BIS 7 Dissent', s. disagreement in opinion : v. to differ in opinion ; to differ from the Esta- blished Church Dissent'er, j. one who dissents from the Esta- blished Church. Dissentient, a. disagreeing: s. one who de- clares his dissent. Dissen'tious, s. contentious, quarrelsome. Disserta'tion, s. a discourse ; a treatise. Disser've, v. to do an injury to, to hurt. Disservice, s. injury, mischief, ill turn. DisserMceable, a. injurious, mischievous. Disser'viceablc-ness, s. injury, harm. Dissev'er, v. to part in two, to disunite. Dis'sidcnt, a. varying ; not agreeing. Dissimilar, a. unlike, heterogeneous. Dissimilarity, s. unlikeness. Dissimilitude, s. want of resemblance. Dissimulation, s. dissembling ; hypocrisy. Dis'sipate, v. to scatter ; to spend lavishly. Dissipation, s. dispersion ; dissolute living. Disso'ciate, v. to separate, to disunite. Dissociation, 5. separation ; division. Dissolubility, s. liableness to be dissolved. Dis'soluble, a. dissolvable. Dis'solute, a. loose, unrestrained, debauched. Dis'solutely, ad-> loosely ; in debauchery. Dis'soluteness, s. laxity of manners. Dissolu'tion, s. a dissolving ; death ; destruc- tion ; act cf breaking up an assembly. Dissolv'able, a. capable of being melted. Dissolv'e, v. to melt, to disunite, to separate. Dissolv'ent, a. having power to dissolve : s. that which has power to dissolve. Dis'souance, s. discord, harshness. Dis'sonant, a. unharmonious, harsh. Dissua'de, v. to advise to the contrary. Dissua'sion, $■.■• importunity against anything. Dissua'sive, a. apt or proper to dissuade : s. argument employed to dissuade. Dissyllabic, a. consisting of two syllables. Dissyllable, s. a Avord of two syllables. Distaff, s. a staff used in spinning. Distain', v. to stain, to tinge ; to defame. Dis'tance, s. space between two objects; re- moteness in time or place : v. to leave be- hind in a race. Distant, a. standing apart ; remote in time or place ; stand off or reserved. Distantly, ad. remotely; at a distance. Dista'ste, s. aversion, disgust, dislike. Dista'steful, a. nauseous, offensive. Dista'stefulness, 5. disagreeableness ; dislike. D^stem'per, s. disorder, indisposition, dis- ease, malady : v. to disorder, to disease. Distem'perature, s. intemporateness ; excess of heat or cold, or other qualities. Distem'pered, a. diseased ; disturbed. Distend', v. to stretch out in breadth. Distention, S. act of stretching ; breadth. Dislich, s. a couple of lines ; a couplet. Distil', v . to drop ; to draw by distillation* DistilJable, a. fit to be distilled. Distillation, s. the act cf distilling. Distiller, s. one who distils spirits. Distil'lcry, s. a. plaee for distilling. Distinct', a. different, separate, clear. Distinc'tion, s. a difference ; honorable note of superiority ; eminence ; quality. Distinctive, a. marking a distinction. Distinctively} ad. with distinction. D1Y Distinctly, ad. clearly apparent; obviously.; Distinctness, s. clearness, plainness. Distinguish, v. to mark or note distinctly ; to discern ; to honor. Distinguishable, a. worthy of regard. Distinguished, a. eminent, celebrated. Distin"guisher, s. a judicious observer. Distin"guishment, 5. the act of distinguishing. Distort', v. to writhe, to twist, to deform ; to- misrepresent. Distortion, s. grimace ; misrepresentation. Distract', v. to draw, to perplex, to make mad. Distract'ed, p. and a. perplexed ; frantic. Distract'edly, ad. madly, franticly. Distract'edness, s. madness ; distraction. Distraction, s. madness, confusion, discord. Distraetlve, a. causing perplexity. Distrain', v. to seize for a debt. Distrain'able, a. liable to be distrained. Distraint', s. a seizure of goods for debt. Distress', s. misery, want ; a distraining of goods : v. to make miserable. D istress'edj a. miserable, full of trouble. Distress'ful, a. in a state of misery. Distress'fully, ad. In a miserable manner. Distressing, a. harassing ; afflicting. Distrib'ute, v. to divide among many. Distributer, s. one who deals out any thing. Distribution, s. the act of distributing. Distributive, a. that which distributes. Distrib'utively, ad. singly ; particularly Dis'trict, s. a circuit ; region; province. Distrust', v. not to trust, to disbelieve : s. suspicion, loss of confidence. Distrust'ful, a. apt to distrust ; timorous. Distrust' fully, ad. in a distrustful manner. Distrust'fulness, s. want of confidence. Disturb', v. to perplex, to interrupt. Disturbance, *. confusion, tumult. Disturb'er, s. a violator of peace. Disu'nion, s. a separation ; disagreement. Disuni'te, v. to divide ; to separate. Disu'nity, s. state of actual separation. Disu'sage, s. gradual disuse of a custom. Disu'se, v. to disaccustom, to leave off. Disval'ue, v. to undervalue, to slight. Ditch, s. a trench : v. to make a ditch. Ditch'er. s. a man who makes ditches. Dithyram'bic, *-. a song in honor of Bacchus. Dithyram'bic, a. wild ; enthusiastic. Dit'to, s. the aforesaid, the same repeated. Dit'ty, s. a song ; a musical poem. Diuretic, Dimetleal, a. promoting urine. Diuretics, 5. drugs that promote urine. Diur'nal. a. performed in a day, daily : s. a day-book, a journal. Diur'nally, ad. daily, everyday, day by day. Divan', s. the Ottoman grand council. Divaricate, v. to divide by two. Divarica'tion, s. a division of opinions. Dive, v. to sink voluntarily under water ; to immerge into any business or science. Divellicate, v. to pull in pieces ; to tear. Di'ver, s. one who dives ; a water-fowl. Diverge, v. to tend in various directions from one point. Diver'gence, s. tendency to various points. Diver'gent, a. going farther asunder. Di'vers, a. several, sundry, more than one. Di'verse, a. different, unlike, various. Diver'sify, v. to distinguish, to variegate. DIV 77 DOM Dlv-cr'skm, s. a turning aside ; sport, play. Divcr'sity, J. dissimilitude, variety. Di'versly", ad. differently, variously. Divert', v. to turn aside ; to amuse. Diverting, a. amusing, agreeable. Divert'isement, s. diversion, reereation. Divest', v. to strip ; to dispossess. Dives'ture, *. the aet of putting off. Divi'dable, a. capable of division. Divi'de, v. to part, to separate ; to deal out or give in shares. Dividend, s. a share, a part allotted in a division, a number to be divided. Divi'ders, s. a pair of compasses. Divhia'tion, s. a foretelling of future events. Divi'ne, a. godlike, heavenly, not human : s. a clergyman : v. to forctel, to presage. Divi'nely, ad. in a divine manner ; excel- lently, in a supreme degree. Divi'neuess, s. participation in the divine nature ; supreme excellence. Divi'ner, s. one who professes divination ; to forctel, to presage. Di'ving-bell, s. a machine for enabling a person to descend and remain below water in safety. Divinity, s. the Deity ; the Supreme Bsing ; science of divine things ; theology. Divis'ible, a. capable of being divided. Divis'ibleness, Divisibility, s. the quality of being divisible. Divi"sion, s. the act of dividing ; a partition ; the part separated. Divisional, a. pertaining to division. Divi'sor, s. the number that divides. Divo 'rce, v. to separate ; to force asunder. Divo'rce, s. the legal separation of husband and wife ; disunion. Divo'rcement, *. dissolution of marriage. Divul'ge, v. to make public ; to proclaim. Divul'sion, s. a plucking away; laceration. Diz'en, v. to deck or dress gaudily. Diz'ziness, s. giddiness, thoughtlessness. Oiz'zy, a. giddy, whirling : v. to make giddy. Djer'rid, *. a blunt Turkish javelin. Do, v. to act, to practise, to perform. Do'cible, Do'cile* a. easily taught, tractable. Docility, s. aptness to be taught. Dock, s. a ship-builder's yard ; a weed : v. to cut short. Dock'et, s. a label or direction affixed to goods ; a register of cases : v. to abstract and enter in a docket. Dock'yard, s. a yard for naval stores, &c. Doo'tor, s. a title in divinity, law, physic, &c. Doc'tor, v. to attempt to cure. Doc'torato, s. the degree of a doctor. Doctors'-co>«/MO«s, s. the college of civilians residing in the city of London. Doc'torship, j. the highest academical degree. Doc'trinal, a. pertaining to doctrine or teaching. Doc'trinally, ad. in the form of doctrine. Doc'ument, s. a writing containing some precept, instruction, or evidence. Documentary, a. relating to written evi- dence. Dodec'agon, s. a figure of twelve sides. Dodge, v. to use craft ; to follow artfully and unperceivod ; to evade by shifting. Dod'ger, 6'. one who dodges or evades. ' Do'do, s. a bird somewhat larger than a swan. | Doe, s. the female of a buck. Do'er, 5. one that does any thing; an agent. Doff, v. to put off dress, to strip. Dog, s. a domestic animal ; a lump of iron. Dog, v. to follow as a dog. Dog'berry, s. the berry of the dogwood. Dog'brier, s. the brier bearing the hip, Dog'days, s. the days in which the dog-star rises and sets with the sun. Doge, j. the chief magistrate of Venice. Dog'fish, s. a kind of shark. DogHy, s. a voracious biting fly. Dog'ged, a. sour, morose, sullen. Dog'gcdly, ad. sourly, sullenly, morosely. Dog'gedness, *. sullenness, moroseness. Dog'gcr, s. a Dutch fishing-vessel. Doggerel, s. despicable verses : a. vile, mean. Dog'gish, a. brutal, currish, snappish. Dog'hoie, s. a vile, mean habitation. Dog'ma, s. an established principle ; a tenet. Dogmatical, a. authoritative, positive. Dogmatically, ad. magisterially, positively. Dogmatleainess, s. the being dogmatical. Dog'matize v. to assert positively. Doglnatism, s. a positive assertion. Dog'matist, s. a positive teacher or assertor. Dog'matizcr, s. a positive and rude assertor. Dog'rose, s. the flower of the dogbrier. Dog's'-ear, s. the corner of a leaf in a book turned down like a dog's ear. Dog's'-meat, s. offal ; meat for dogs. Dog'sleep, s. pretended sleep. Dog'star, s. Sirius, a star, from which the dogdays derive their appellation. Doily, *. a small napkin used after dinner. Doings, s. pi. feats, actions. Doit, s. a small piece of Dutch money. Dole, s. a share, a part ; grief, misery : v. to deal, to distribute. Doleful, a. sorrowful, dismal, afflicted. Dolefully, ad. in a doleful way ; sorrowfully. Do'lesome, a. melancholy, heavy, gloomy. Doll, s. a little girl's puppet or baby. Dollar, s. a foreign coin of different value, from about 2*. Gd. to 4*. Citf. Doloriflc, a. causing pain or grief. Dol'orous, a. sorrowful, painful, doleful. Dol'orously, ad. sorrowfully ; mournfully. Dolour, s. grief, lamentation, pain. Dol'phin, s. a sea-fish peculiarly beautiful. Dolt, s. a heavy stupid fellow, a thickskull. Doltish, a. stupid ; blockheaded ; dull. Domain', s. a dominion ; empire ; estate. Dome, s. a building; cupola; arched roof. Domes'tic, a. belonging to the house ; pri- vate ; not foreign : s. a servant. Domes'ticate, v. to make domestic. Domicile, s. a house, a residence : v. to esta- blish a residence. Domiciliary, a. pertaining to private houses ; intruding into private abodes. Dominant, a. predominant; presiding. ; Dominate, v. to prevail over ; to govern. Domina'tion, s. power; dominion ; tyranny. : Domlnator, s. a ruler ; ruling power. j Domineer', v. to hector, to behave with in- sol. nee ; to aet without control. Dominical, a. denoting the Lord's day. Dominican, s. one of the order of St. Do- minic. DOM 78 DBA Dominion, s. sovereign authority; power: territory ; an order of angels. Domino, s. a kind of hood ; a long dresa. Don, s. a Spanish title for a gentleman. Don, v. to do or put on. Compare Doff. Dona'tion, s. a gift, a present. Don'ative, s. a gift, a largess ; a benefice : a. vested by donation. Done ! interj. a word used to confirm a wager (let it be done). Donee', s. the receiver of a gift. Don'jon, s. the strongest tower in a castle. Don'key, s. an ass. Do'nor, s. a giver, a bestower, a benefactor. Doo'dle, s. a simple fellow ; a trifier. Doom, v. to judge ; to condemn ; to destine : s. a judicial sentence ; condemnation ; final judgment ; ruin ; destiny. Dooms'day, j. the day of judgment. Dooms'day-6ooA', s. a book made by order of William the Conqueror, in which all the estates in England were registered. Door, 5. the gate of a house ; a passage. Door'-case, s. the frame which encloses a door. Door' keeper, s. a porter Door'-post, s. the post of a door. Doq'uet. See Docket. Doree', s. a fish with yellow or gilt sides ; commonly called a John Dory. Dor'ic, a. relating to an order of architecture invented by the Dorians. Dor'mant, a. sleeping ; in a sleeping posture ; leaning ; not used ; concealed. Dor'mar, s. (in building) a beam or sleeper ; a window in the roof of a house. Dor'mitory, s. a sleeping room with many beds ; a burial-place. Dor'mouse, s. a small animal which passes a large part of the winter in sleep. Dorn, s. the name of a fish ; the thorhbaek. Dorr, s. a flying insect ; the hedge chafer. Dor'sal, a. belonging or fixed to the back. i)ose, s. the quantity of medicine given at a time : v. to give in doses. Dot, s. a small spot or point in writing. Do'tage, s. imbecility of mind; silly fondness. Do'tal, a. relating to a portion or dowry. Do'tard, s. one whose age has impaired his intellects ; a silly lover. Dote, v. to love to excess ; to grow silly. Dot'terel, s. the name of a bird. Do'ting, a. fond to ridiculous excess. Do'tingly, ad. with excessive fondness. Douanier, [Fr.] s. an officer of customs. Double, a. twofold, twice as much: v. to make twice as much ; to sail round a headland ; to turn back or wind in running ; to fold : 5. a plait or fold ; a trick, a turn. Doub'le-dealer, s. a deceitful subtle person. Doub'le-dealing, s. dissimulation, cunning. Doub'le-edged, a. having two edges. Double-enten'dre, [Fr.] s. a phrase with a double meaning. Doub'le-faced, a. insincere, deceitful. Doub'le-minded, a. deceitful, treacherous. Doub'let, s. a garment that folds or doubles round the body ; a waistcoat ; a pair ; two. Doublets, *. the same number on both dice. Doub'le-tongued, a. deceitful, false, hollow. Doubling, s. an artifice, a shift Doubloon', ,9. a Spanish coin, double tha value of a pistole. Doubly, ad. with twice the quantity ; twice. Doubt, v. to hesitate, to suspect, to distrust: s. hesitation, suspense, difficulty. Doubt'fui, a. uncertain, not determined. Doubt'fully, Doubtlngly, ad. uncertainly, Doubt'fuhiess, s. uncertainty ; ambiguity. Doubtless, a. and ad. without doubt or fear- Doubtlessly, ad. unquestionably. Douceur', [Fr.] s. a conciliating' bribe. Do'ugh, s. unbaked paste, kneaded flour. Dou'ghty, a. brave, eminent, illustrious. Do'ughy, a. soft, not quite baked. Douse, v. to plunge suddenly into water. Dove, s. a sort of pigeon, a wild pigeon. Dov'eeot, Dov^ehouse, s. a pigeon-house. Dov'elike, a. meek, gentle, harmless. Dov'etail, s. a method of joining two pieces of wood together : v. to join by tenons. Dov'ctailed, a. joined by tenons. Dow'ager, s. a widow with a jointure. DoVdy, s. an awkward woman : a. awkward. Dow'er, or Dow'ry, s. a wife's portion ; a widow's jointure ; endowment, gift. Dow'ered, a. supplied with a portion. Dow'erless, a. without fortune, unportioned. Dowlas, s. a kind of coarse strong linen. Down, s. a large open plain, properly a flat on the top of a hill ; in the plural, Downs, which is applied also to the roadstead off the hilly coast of Kent. Down, s. the finest, softest feathers ; soft wool ; tender hair. Down, ad. in a downward direction. Down'cast, a. bent down, dejected. Down'fall, s. ruin, calamity, sudden change. Down'hill, a. descending : s. a descent. Downly'ing, s. near the time of childbirth. Down'right, a. open, plain, direct : ad. plainly, openly, straight down. Down'rightly, ad. in plain terms ; bluntly. Down 'ward, a. bending down, dejected. Down'ward, Down'wards, ad. towards the centre ; from a higher to a lower situation. Down'y, a. covered with a nap : soft, tender. Doxoi'ogy, s. a form of giving glory to God. Dox'y, *. a loose wench, a prostitute. Doze, v. to slumber, to stupify. Doz'en, s. the number twelve. Do'ziness, s. drowsiness, heaviness. Do'zy, a. drowsy, inclined to sleep. Diab, s. a thick woollen cloth ; a strumpet : a. of a dull brown or dun color. Drachm (dram\, s. an ancient Greek coin; the eiglith part of an ounce. See Dram. Dra'co, s. the dragon ; a constellation. Draff, s. refuse ; any thing cast away. Draf'fish, Draf 'fy, a. worthless, dreggy. Draft, s. a bill drawn on another for money ; a drawing of men for the army : v. to select or detach. Drag. v. to pull along by force, to trail : *. a kind of net ; an instrument with hooks to catch hold of things under water ; any thing that h dragged or drawn along, as a sledge. Drag'gle, v. to trail in the dirt. Drag'gletail, s. a sluttish woman. Dragnet, s. a net drawn along the bottom. I Drag'on, s. a winged serpent ; a constellation. DRA Drag'onlike, a. furious, fiery, fierce. Drag'on's-blood, s. a kind of resin. Drag'oman, s. an Eastern interpreter. Drag'on-fiy, s. a fierce stinging insect. Dragoon', J. a horse soldier : v . to force one into a measure. Drain, s. a channel to carry off water. Drain, v. to make quite dry, to draw of?. Drain'ahle, a. capable of being drained. Drain'age, s. a draining or flowing off. Drake, s. a fowl, the male of the duck. Dram, s. a small weight; a small quantity or portion of spirituous liquor. See Drachm. Dram'a, s. the action of a play ; a poem. Dramat'ic, Dramat'ical, a. represented by action ; theatrical. Dramatically, ad. by stage representation. Dram'atist, s. a writer of plays. Dram'atize, v. to adapt to scenic representa- tion. . Dra'per, s. one who sells or deals in cloth. Dra'pery, s. clothwork ; the dress of a picture. Dras'tic, a. powerful in operation. Draught, s. the act of drinking ; the quantity drunk at once ; a delineatica or sketch ; the act of pulling carriages. Draught'-horse, s. a horse used for drawing, as distinguished from a saddle-horse. Draughts, s.pl. a kind of play on chequers. Draughts'man, s. one who draws or sketches. Draw, v. to pull forcibly, to attract, to un- sheath ; to represent by picture; to allure, to win. Draw'back, s. money paid back on exports. Draw'bridge, s. a bridge made to draw up. Drawe'e, s. one on whom a bill is drawn. Draw'er, s. one who draws ; a sliding box ; a tapster or waiter. Draw'ers, s. a kind of light under-breeches. Drawing, s. a delineation, a representation. Drawing-room, s. a room for withdrawing to ; an assembly at court; a withdrawing- rcom. Drawl, v. to utter slowly and affectedly : s. a slow protracted utterance. DraVnet, s. a net for catching wild-fowl. Draw'woll, s. a deep well of water. Dray, s. a car used by brewers. Dray'horse, s. a horse which draws a dray. Dray'man, s. one that attends or drives a dray. Dread, s. great fear, terror, awe : v. to fear greatly : a. awful. Dread'ful, a. terrible, frightful, horrid. Dread'fully, ad. terribly, frightfully. Dread'less, a. fearless, undaunted, daring. Dream, s. thoughts in sleep ; an idle fancy : v. to rove in deep, to be sluggish. Dream'er, s. one who dreams ; a mope. Dreamless, a. free from dreams. Drear, Drear'y, a. dismal, gloomy, mournful. Drearily, ad. dreadfully, gloomily. Dreariness, s. gloominess, dulness. Dredge, s. an oyster-net : v. to gather with a dredge ; to sprinkle flour on meat. Dredglng-box, s. a box used for dredging. Dredglng-machine, s. an engine for taking up mud and gravel from the bottoms of rivers. Dreggy, a. containing dregs, not clear. Dregs, s. the sediments of liquors, lees. Drench, v. to wet thoroughly, to soak, to fill with drink : s. a horse's physical draught. JT9 DEO Dress, 5. clothes, ornaments, finery : v. to clothe, to deck, to adorn ; to cook ; to cover a wound ; to curry a horse. Dress'er, s. he who dresses ; a kitchen table. Dressing, s. the act of clothing ; the medica- ment applied to a wound. Dressing-room, s. a place used to dress in. Dress'y, a. showy in dress. Drib, v. to crop, to cut short, to lop off". Drib'ble, v . to drop slowly, slaver, drivel. Driblet, s. a small part of a large sum. Dri'er, s. that which absorbs moisture. Drift, s. a design, tendency, any thing driven at random ; a heap, a storm : v. to be driven along, to be driven into heaps. Drift-sail, s. a sail used under water. Drill, s. an instrument used in boring holes; the act of teaching the military exercise ; a row of grain ; an ape or baboon : v. tt perforate, to sow in rows, to train soldiers. HviW-husbandry, s. a mode of sowing land by a machine. Drill-plough, s. a plough for sowing grain. Drink, s. a liquor to be swallowed : v. to swallow liquors, to quench thirst. Drink'able, a. that may be drunk. Drink'er, s. one that drinks to excess ; a drunkard. Drinking, s. the practice of drinking to excess. Drip, v. to fall in drops : S. a drop. Drip'ping, s. the fat that drops from meat while roasting. Drip'ping-pan, &. the pan in which the fat of roast meat is caught. Drive, v. to force along ; to urge forward; to knock or force in. DriVel, v. to slaver or let the spittle fall in drops like a child or idiot ; and hence, to bo weak or foolish ; to dote : s. a fool or idiot. Driv'eller, s. a dotard, an idiot. Dri'ver, s. one who drives or urges on. Driz'zle, v . to fall in small drops. Driz'zly, a. raining in small drops. Droll, a. comical, humorous, merry : v. to play the buffoon, to jest : s. a jester, a buffoon, a farce. Drollery, *. buffoonery ; idle jokes. Drom'cdary, s. the Arabian camel, which has only one protuberance on its back. Drone, *. the bee which collects no honey ; an idler, a sluggard ; a low humming sound ; a pipe of a bagpipe : v. to live in idleness ; to emit a low humming sound. Dro'nish, a. idle, sluggish, inactive, dull. Droop, v . to pine away, to languish. Drop, s. a small globule of any liquid : v. to let fall, to fall in drops ; to utter slightly; to cease ; to come to nothing. Drop'pings, s. pi. that which falls in drops. Drop'sical, a. diseased with dropsy. Drop'sy, s. a collection of water in the body. Dross, s. the scum of metals ; refuse, dregs. Drosslncss, s. foulness, incrustation. Dross'y, a. full of dross, worthless, foul. Drought, s. dry weather, thirst. Drou'ghty, a. wanting rain, thirsty. Drouth'y, a. wanting drink, thirsty. Drove, s. a herd of cattle ; a crowd, a tumult, Dro'ver, s. one who drives cattle to market. DEO 80 J)¥A Drown, v. to suffocate in water, to overwhelm in water ; to immergc. Drowse, v. to slumber, to grow sleepy. Drow'sily, ad. sleepily, heavily, lazily, idly. Drow'siness, s. sleepiness, idleness. Drow'sy, a. sleepy, heavy, dull. Drub, s. a thump, a knock, a blow : v. to thresh, to beat, to bang. Drub'bing, s. a beating, a chastisement. Drudge, ». to labor in mean offices : s. a mean laborer, a slave. Drud'gery, s. hard mean labor, slavery. Drud'gingly, ad. laboriously, toilsomely. Drug, s. a medicinal simple ; a thing of little value or worth : v. to till with drugs. Drug'get, s. a coarse kind of woollen stuff. Drug'gist, s. one who sells physical drugs. Dru'id, s. an ancient British priest and bard. Druid'ical, a. pertaining to the druids. Dru'idism, s. religion of the druids. Drum, s. an instrument of military music : the tympanum of the ear : v. to beat a drum. Drum-ma'jor, s. the chief drummer. Drum'mer, s. one who beats a drum. Drum/stick, s. the stick for beating a drum. Drunk, Drunk'en, a. intoxicated with liquor. Drunk'ard, s. one addicted to drinking. Drunk'enness, *. intoxication, inebriety. Dry, a. arid, not rainy, thirsty, barren: v. to free from moisture, to drain. Dry'ad, s. a wood nymph. Dry'ly, ad. without moisture ; coldly. Dry'ness, s. want of moisture. Dry'nurse, *•. a woman who brings up and j feeds a child without the breast. Dr y'salter, s. a dealer in salted or dried meats, sauces, oils, pickles, &c. Dry'shod, a. having the feet dry. Du'al, a. expressing the number two. Dual'ity, s. that expresses two in number. Dub, v. to confer knighthood on a person. Du'biousness, s. doubt, uncertainty. Du'bious, a. doubtful, uncertain, not clear. Du'bitable, a. doubtful, very uncertain. Dubita'tion, s. the act of doubting. Du'cal, a. pertaining to a duke. Due'at. s. a foreign coin; in silver, valued at about 4s. 6d., in gold, 9s. 6d. Duch'ess, s. the wife of a duke. Duch'y, s. a territory giving title to a duke. Duck, s. a water-fowl, female of the drake ; a j term of fondness ; a dip under water : v. to dive or dip under water ; to decline or stoop the head. Duck'ing, 5. the act of dipping underwater. Duck'ir.g-stool, s. a chair for ducking scolds, j Duck'leggod, a. having short legs. Duckling, s. a young duck. Duck'meat, s. a plant growing in standing waters. Duct, s. a passage, a canal, a tube. Duc'tile, a. flexible, pliable, tractable. Duc'tileness, Ductility, s. flexibility. Dud'geon, s. malice, ill-will, a small dagger. Due, s. that which is owed ; a right or just : title to : a. just, fit, proper : ad. exactly, duly. Dull, s. a combat between two persons. Du'elling, s. the custom of lighting duels. Du'ellist, s. a fighter of duels. Duen'na, s. an old woman kept to guard a younger one. Duet', #. a song or air for two voices. Dug, s. the pap or teat of a beast. Duke, s. the dignity next below a prince. Du'kedom, s. the possessions of a duke. Dul'cet, a. sweet, harmonious. Dul'cify, v. to make sweet. Dul'cimer, s. a kind of musical instrument. Dull, a. stupid, slow, dejected, blunt : v. to stupify, to blunt, to sadden. Dul'lard, s. a blockhead : a. doltish, stupid. Dul'ly, ad. stupidly, doltishly, sluggishly. Dul'ness, s. stupidity, heaviness, dimness. Du'ly, ad. properly, fitly, exactly. Dumb, a. mute, silent; incapable of speech. Dumb'ness, s. an inability to speak, silence. Dump'ish, a. sad, melancholy. 1 Dump'ling, s. a small round pudding. Dumps, s. melancholy, sullenness. Dumpy, a. short and thick. Dun, a. between brown and black, dark : s. a clamorous creditor : p. to press or impor- tune for a debt. Dunce, s. an unteachable person, a dolt. Dung, s the excrement of animals, manure : v. to manure or fatten land with dung. Dun'geon, j. a close, dark prison. Dung'hill, s. a heap of dung, a mean person : a. meanly descended, base. Dun'nish, a. inclined to a dun color. Duode"cimo, s. a book in which each sheet of paper contains twelve leaves. Dupe, v. to trick, to cheat, to impose on : s. a credulous simple person. Du'ple, a. double ; once repeated. Du'plicate, s. an exact copy of any thing : a. double, twofold : v. to double, to fold. Duplication, s. the act of doubling ; a fold. Dupli'city, s. deceit, doubleness of torrgue. Durability, s. the power of lasting. Du'rable, a. hard, strong, firm, lasting. Du'rableness, s. the quality of lasting. Du'rably, ad. in a firm and lasting manner. Du'rance, s. imprisonment, continuance. Dura'tion, s. continuance, length of time. Dure, v. See Endure. Duress', s. imprisonment, constraint. Du'ring, prep, for the time of continuance. Dusk, a. tending to darkness, dark-colored. Duskiness, s. incipient darkness. Dusk'ish, a. inclining to darkness, tending to obscurity ; gloomy. Dusk'y, a. tending to darkness, gloomy. Dust, *. earth or other matter dried to a powder ; mould ; the grave : v. to- free from dust, to sprinkle with dust. Dust'er, s. that which frees from dust. Dustiness, s. the state of being dusty. Dust 'man, s. one who carries away dust. Dust'y, a. clouded or covered with dust. Dutch, s. the people or language of Holland. Dut'chy, Dut'ehess. See Duchy and Duchess. Du'teous, a. dutiful, obedient. Du'tiful, a. obedient, submissive. Du'tifully, ad. respectfully, obediently. Du'tifulness, s. obedience, reverence. Duly, $■ whatever wo owo or are bound to perform ; a tax. Dwarf, s. a man below tho usual size : ». to hinder from full growth. DWA 81 EDG Dwarfish, a. low, small, stunted. Dwarf ishness, s. minuteness of stature. Dwell, v. to inhabit, to continue long. Dwelling, s. habitation, place of residence. Dvvin'dle, v. to shrink, to grow feeble. Dye, v. to tinge, to color : s. any coloring fluid used in dyeing, a hue or tinge. Dye'ing, s. the art of coloring cloth, &c. Dynamics, s. pi. the science of mechanical powers. Dyn'asty, s. rule, sovereignty ; a race or suc- cession of rulers. Dysenter'ic, a. tending to dysentery. Dys'entery, a. a looseness, bloody flux. Dyspep'sy, s. difficulty of digestion. Dyspep'tie, a. having a difficulty of digestion : s. one whose digestion is bad. E. E, a prefix, the same as ex, signifying from or out of. Each, a. either of two, every one. Ea'ger, a. ardent, zealous, sharp, keen. Ea'gerly, ad. ardently, keenly. Ea'geruess, s. earnestness, impetuosity. Ea'gle, s. a bird of prey, the Roman standard. Ea'gle-eyed, a. sharp-sighted as an eagle. Ea'glet, s. a young eagle. Ear, s. the organ of hearing, the power of judging of harmony ; a spiko of eorn : v. to shout into ears. Ear, v. to plough (now obsolete.) Earl,*, title of nobility next to a marquis. Earl'dom, s. the seigniory of an earl. Earl'iness, s. the state of being very early. Earl-mar'shal, s. a great officer of stata. Earl'y, a. and ad. soon, betimes. Earn, v. to gain by labor ; to merit or deserve. Ear'nest, a. ardent, zealous, eager, intent, fixed : s. seriousness ; money advanced as a pledge. Earnestly, ad. warmly, eagerly, zealously. Ear'nestness, s. eagerness, solicitude. Earning, s. that which is gained by labor. Ear'-ring, s. an ornament for the ear. Ear'shot, s. within reach of the ear. Earth, s. mould, land, the world. Earth, v. to cover with earth, to bury, to get under ground. Earth/born, a. born of the earth. Earth'en, a. made of earth or clay. Earth'liness, Earth'iness, s. the quality of being earthy ; world! iness. Earth'ling, s. an inhabitant of the earth, con- sidered as a poor frail creature. Earth'ly, a. not heavenly, vile, corporeal. Earthly-minded, a. having a sensual mind. Earthly-mind'edncss, s. extreme devotedness to worldly concerns. Earth'nut, s. a root like a nut. Earth'quake, jr. a tremor of the earth. Earth'worm, s. a worm, a mean wretch. Earth'y, a. consisting of earth, gross, foul. Ear'wax, s. wax that gathers in the ear. Eafwig, s. an insect; a whisperer. Ease, s. quiet, rest after labor, facility: v. to free from pain, to relieve, to slacken. Eas'el, s. a painter's frame for canvass. Eas'einent, s. assistance, support. Eas'ily, ad. gently, without difficulty. Easiness, s. the quality of being easy. East, s. the quarter -where the sun rises : a. from or towards the east. Eas'ter, s. the festival in commemoration of the resurrection of our Saviour. Eas'terly, a. towards the east. Eas'tern, a. belonging to the east, oriental. East' ward, ad. and a. towards the east. Eas'y, a. not difficult, quiet. Eat, v. to take food, to devour. Eatable, a. that may be eaten : s. any thing that may be eaten. Eat'ing-house, s. a house where provisions are sold ready dressed. Eaves, s. edges of the roof which overhang the house. Eaves'dropper, s. a listener under windows. Ebb, v. to flow back to the sea, to decline : s. the reflux of the tide, decline, decay. Eb'bing, s. the reflux of the tide. Eb'on, Eb'ony, s. a hard, black, valuable wood : a. made of ebony. Ebri'ety, s. drunkenness, intoxication. Ebulliency, *. a boiling over. Ebullient, a. boiling over. Ebulli'lion, s. act of boiling or bubbling up. Eccen'tric, a. deviating from the centre, ir- regular, incoherent, anomalous. Eccentri"city, s. deviation from a centre, de- ^iation from what is usual ; irregularity. Ecelesias'tic, s. a clergyman, a priest. Ecclesiastical, a. relating to the church. Echelon', [Fr.] s. a term used in military tactics to express the movement in which each division follows behind the other like the steps of a ladder. Echi'nus, s. a shell-fish set with prickles ; (in botany) the prickly head of a plant. Eclro, s. the reverberation of a sound : v. to give back the sound of a voice. Eclairliissement, [Fr.] s. an explanation. Ecla't, [Fr.] s. splendor, show, renown. Eclec'tic, a. selecting, choosing at will. Eclip'se, s. the darkening of one heavenly body by the intervention of the shadow of another : v. to obscure, to disgrace. Eclip'tic, s. the sun's apparent annual path in the heavens. Ecloguo, s. a (select) pastoral poem. Economic, Economical, a. frugal, thrifty. Economically, ad. frugally ; with economy. Economics, s. household management. Econ'omist, s. one that is thrifty or frugal. Econ'omize, v. to retrench, to save. Econ'omy, s. thrifty management of house- hold affairs; frugality; regulation; system. Ec'stasy, s. excessive joy, enthusiasm. Ecstatic, a. enrapturing, transporting. Ec'urie, [Fr.] *. a stable or shed for horses. Eda'cious, a. eating ; voracious ; devouring. Eda"city, s. voracity, ravenousnoss. Ed'dy, s. a contrary current ; a whirlpool : a. whirling, moving circularlv : v. to movo as an eddy. Eden, s. a paradise, a place of delight. Edge, *. the sharp or cutting part of a blade ; a brink or border : v. to sharpen or giva an edge to ; to incite ; to border or fringe. Edgeless, a. unable to cut, blunt, obtuse. Edge'tool, s. a tool made sharp to cut. Edge'wiso, ad. with the edge forward. Edging, s. a fringe, an ornamental border. E3 EDI Edible, a. fit to be eaten, eatable. E'dict, s. proclamation, an ordinance. Edifica'tion, s. improvement, instruction. Edifica'tory, a. tending to edification. Edifice, s . a building, a fabric. Edify, v. to build ; to instruct; to improve. E'dile, s. the title of a Roman magistrate. Ed'it, v. to prepare a work for publication. Edi"tion, s. the publication of a book; the number of copies published. Editor, s. one who revises or prepares any literary work for publication. Editorship, s. the office and duty of an editor. Edito'rial, a. pertaining to, or written by, an editor. Ed'ucate, v. to instruct, to bring up. Education, s. the instruction of children. Educational, a. pertaining to education. Educator, s. one that instructs youth. Edu'ce, v. to bring out, to extract. Educ'tion, s. the act of bringing out. Eel, 5. a serpentine slimy fish. Ef fable, a. that may be spoken ; utterable. Effa'ce, v. to blot out ; to destroy. Effect', s. that which is produced by a cause ; issue ; reality : v. to bring to pass, to ful- fil or accomplish. Effectlble, a., practicable ; feasible. Effective, a. operative, active ; efficient. Effectively, ad. powerfully, with effect. Effectless, a. without effect, useless. Effects', s. pi. goods, movables. Effect'ual, a. powerful, efficacious. Effec'tually, ad. efficaciously ; thoroughly. Effec'tuate, v. to bring to pass, to fulfil. Effeminacy, s. unmanly delicacy. Effeminate, a. womanish, tender. Effeminately, ad. womanly, weakly. Effemlnatencss, s. unmanly softness. Effervcs'ce, v. to grow hot ; to hiss or bubble. Efferves'eenee, s. the act of growing hot ; frothing or bubbling. Efferves'cent, a. gently boiling or bubbling. Effe'te; a. barren, worn out. Effica'cious, a. productive of effects ; power- ful to produce the consequences intended. Effiea'ciously, ad. effectually. LIT; callousness, s. quality of being efficacious. Efficacy, s. ability or power to effect. Effi"cience, Effi"ciency, s. effectual agency. Efii'lient, a. producing effects ; able. Efficiently, ad. with effect ; effectively. Effigy, s. an image or resemblance. EfSores'cence, s. production of flowers. Efflores'cent, a. shooting out in flowers. Effluence, s. that which issues from some other principle. Effluent, a. flowing from, issuing out of. Efflu'via, [Lat.] a. those minute particles which exhale from most bodies. Efiiu'vium, [Lat.] s. a vapour, an emanation. Efflux, s. an effusion ; a flowing out. Effort, s. a struggle, a strong exertion. Effron'tery, s. boldness, impudence. Efful'gence, s. lustre, brightness, splendor. Efful'gent, a. shining, bright, luminou»s. Eft'u'se, v. to pour out ; to spill ; to shed. Effu'sion, s. the act of pouring out ; spilling. Effu'sive, a. pouring out ; dispersing. "Eft, s. a newt or small lizard. Eft, ad. after, soon, quickly. [Obs.l S2 ELE Eft'soon, Effsoons, ad. soon after. [Oha.] Egg, s. that which is laid by feathered ani- mals and various kinds of insects, from which their young are produced. Egg, v. to incite, to instigate, to spur on. Eglantine, s. a species of rose ; sweet brier. Eg'otism, s. talking much of one's self. Eg'otist, s. one who talks much of himself. Egotis'tical, a. self-conceited. Eg'otize, v. to talk much of one's self. Egrc'gious, a. remarkable, extraordinary. Egre'giously, ad. remarkably, enormously. E'gress, Egres'sion, s. the act of going out. E'gret, s. a fowl of the heron kind. E'griot, s. a species of sonr cherry. Eh ! interj. denoting a desire to hear again that which had been before imperfectly heard, or not properly understood. Ei'der, s. a species of duck. Ei'der-down, s. the down or soft, feathers of the eider duek. Eight, a. twice four. Eight' een, a. eight and ten united. Eighteenth, a. the ordinal of eighteen. Eighth, a. the ordinal of eight. Eighthly, ad. in the eighth place. Eightieth, a. the ordinal of eighty. Eight'score, a. eight times twenty. Eight' y, a. eight times ten. Elsel, s. vinegar ; any thing very acid. Either, pron. one of the two. Ejaculate, v. to throw out, to dart out. Ejacula'tion, s. the act of throwing out ; a short prayer suddenly expressed. Ejac'ulatory, a. hasty ; darted out. Eject', v. to throw out, to expel, to cast forth. Ejee'tion, s. the act of casting out, expulsion. Eject' ment, s. a legal writ, commanding the tenant wrongfully holding houses or lands to restore possession to the owner. Ejec'tor, s. one who ejects or expels another. Eke, v. to add to ; to spin out ; to supply : ad. also, likewise, moreover. Elab'orate, a. finished with great labour and exactness ; studied. Elab'orately, ad. laboriously, diligently. Elaboration, s. the act of finishing with great care and attention. Elan'ce, v. to throw out, to dart out. Elap'se, v. to pass away, to glide away. Elas'tic, a. springing back, recovering. Elasti'lity, s. the quality in bodies by which, on being bent or compressed, they spring back to their original form. Ela'te, a. flushed with success ; haughty : v. to puff up, to exalt, to heighten. Ela'tion, s. haughtiness from success. El'bow, s. the bending of the arm ; an angle : v. to push with the elbow ; to jut out. El'bow-chair, s. a chair with arms. El'bow-room, s. room to stretch out the elbows on each side ; freedom. Eld, s. old age, old people, old times. [Obs.] Eld'er, a. older : s. an ancestor ; a lay ruler in the Presbyterian church ; i,a well-known tree, properly Alder.) El'deily, a. somewhat in years, rather old. El'dersj s. pi. ancient rulers among the Jews El'dest, a. the oldest, the first born Elecampa'ne, s. the plant^starwort. Elect', v. to choose or select. ELE 83 EMB Elect', a. chosen, preferred : s. one chosen. Elec'tion, s. the act or power of choosing. Electioneer'ing, s. the practices used at the election of a member for Parliament. Elective, a. exerting the power of choice. Elect'or, s. a person entitled to vote at an election ; one of the princes of Germany who had a vote in the election of the em- peror. Elect'oral, a. pertaining to election or elec- tors. Elect'orate, s. the territory of an elector. Elcc'tre, s. amber; a mixed metal. Elec'tric, s. any substance capable of exhi- biting electricity ; a non-conductor. Elec'tric, Elec'trical, a. pertaining to, or containing electricity. Elec'trically, ad. by means of electricity. Electrf'cian, s. one skilled in electricity. Electrf'city, *. that property in bodies which by friction attracts light substances and emits fire. Elec'trify, v. to communicate electricity ; to excite suddenly as by a shock. Electro-magnct'ic, a. pertaining to magnet- ism as connected with electricity. Electrom'eter, s. an instrument for measur- ing the electricity in any electrified body. Elec'tuary, s. a soft compound medicine. Eleemos'ynary, a. living upon alms. El'egance, s. beauty, grace, symmetry. El'cgant, a. choice ; graceful, beautiful. El'egantly, ad. in a pleasing manner; neatly. Elegiac, a. used in elegies ; sorrowful. El'egy, s. a mournful pathetic poem ; a dirge. El'emcnt, s. a first or constituent principle of any thing ; an ingredient ; proper habita- tion or sphere of any thing ; rudiments of science; popularly, earth, air, water, and fire are called the four elements. Elemental, a. pertaining to elements. Element'ary, a. not compounded, simple. Ei'ephant, s. the largest of quadrupeds. Elephanti'asis, s. a species of leprosy. Elephan'tine, a. pertaining to the elephant. El'evate, v. to raise up ; to exa.lt ; to pro- mote ; to dignify, to make glad. El'evate, El'evated, p. and a. exalted, elated. Eleva'tion, s. a raising up, exaltation, height. Ele've, [Fr.] s. one brought up or protected. Elev'en, a. ten and one added. 1'lcv'enth, a.^ihe ordinal of eleven. Elf, s. a fairy, a goblin. Elfin, Elfish, a. relating to fairies. Elf lock, s. a knot of hair twisted by elves. Elf'cit, v. to bring to light; to fetch out. Elicita'tion, s. the act of drawing forth. Eli'de, v. to cut off a syllable. Eligibility, s. fitness to be chosen. El'igiblo, a. fit to be chosen. Elis'ion, s. act of cutting off; a suppression. Elix'ir, s. tho liquid extract or quintessence of any thing ; a medicine, a cordial. Elk, s. a large stately animal of the stag kind. Ell, s. a measure of one yard and a quarto*. Ellip'sis, s. an oval figure ; an omission. Ellip'tic, Eflip'tical, a. like an ellipsis; oval. Elliptfcity, s. elliptical form. Elm, s. the name of a forest tree. Elm'y, a. abounding with elm-trees. Elocu'tion, 8. eloquence, fluency of speech. Eloin', Eloigne, v. to put at a distance. Elon'gate, v. to lengthen, to draw out. Elonga'tion, s. the act of lengthening. Elo'pe, v. to run away ; to get loose from confinement ; to go off clandestinely. Elo'pement, *. a departure from friends and family without their consent. El'oquence, s. speaking with fluency, &c. El'oquent, a. having the power of oratory. El'oquently, ad. in elegant language. Else, a. other, different : ad. otherwise. Elsewhe're, ad. in another place. El'sin, s. a shoemaker's awl. | Elu'cidate, v. to explain, to clear up. Elucida'tion, s. an explanation, exposition. Elu'cidative, a. throwing light; explanatory. Elu'cidator, s. an explainer, a commentator. Elu'de, v. to escape by stratagem ; to shun. Elu'dible, a. that can be eluded. Elu'sion, s . an escape by artifice. Elu'sive, Elu'sory, a. tending to elude. Elv'ish, a. relating to elves or fairies. Elys'ian, a. pleasant, exceedingly delightful. Elys'ium, s. in the heathen mythology, the place appointed for the souls of the vir- tuous after death ; any pleasant place. Ema"ciate, v. to lose flesh ; to pine ; to waste. Ema"ciate, Ema''ciated, a. sunk ; wasted. Emacia'tion, s. tho state of one grown lean. Em'anate, v. to issue from something else. Emana'tion, s. the act of issuing or flowing from any other substance ; that which flows. Emancipate, v. to set free from slavery. Emancipation, s. a deliverance from slavery, or civil disabilities. Emas'culate, v. to deprive of virility : a. un- manned ; effeminate. Emaseula'tion, s. castration ; effeminacy. Embalm', v. to impregnate a body with aro- matics that it may resist putrefaction ; to preserve from decay. Embar', v. to shut in, to block up, to stop. Embar'go, s. a prohibition from sailing. Embark', v. to go on shipboard ; to engage. Embarka'tion, s. the going on shipboard. Embar'rass, v. to perplex, to distress. Embarrassment, s. perplexity, trouble. Emba'se, v . to vitiate, to degrade, to lower. Emba'scment, s. depravation, deterioration. Em'bassage, Eui'bassy, s. a state or public message. Embassador. See Ambassador. Embat'tle, v. to range in order of battle. Eiubat'tled, a. indented like a battlement'- drawn up in battle array. Embay', v. to enclose in a bay. Embed', v. to lay as in a bed. Embel'lish, v. to adorn, to beautify. Embel'iishmont, *. ornament, decoration. Em'bers, s. hot cinders or ashes. ~Em'h . to declare. Enow 7 , the plural of Enough. Enqui're. See Inqui're. Enra'ge, v. to irritate, to provoke. Enrap'ture, v. to transport with pleasure. Enrav'ishment, s. ecstasy of delight. Enrich', v. to make rich ; to fertilize. Enrich'er, s. one that enriches. Enrich'ment, s. augmentation of wealth. Enri'pen, v. to ripen, to mature. Enrobe, 8. to dress, to clothe, to adorn. Enro'l, v. to register, to record, to enwrap. Enro'lment, s. a register, a record. Ens. s. any kind of being or existence. Ensam'ple, s. an example, a pattern. Ensan'guine, v. to stain or cover with blood. Enscon'ce, v. to cover, to shelter. Enseal', v. to fix a seal on, to impress. Enseam', v. to sew up, to close up. Ensear', v. to stop with fire ; to cauterize. Ensem'ble, [Fr.] s. a relative proportion of parts to the whole. Enshield', v. to cover, to defend, to protect. Enshri'ne, v. to preserve as a holy relic. En'sign, s. the flag or standard of a regiment ; the officer who carries it ; a badge or mark of distinction. En'sign-bearer, s. he that carries the flag. En'signcy, s. the office of an ensign. Ensla've, v. to deprive of liberty. Ensla'vement, s. state of slavery, bondage. Ensna're, v. to entrap, to allure. Enstamp', v. to impress as with a stamp. Ensue', v. to follow : to pursue ; to succeed. Ensu're. See Insu're. Entab'Jature, Enta'blement, *. the architrave, frieze, and cornice of a pillar. Entail', v. to settle the descent of any estate so tnat it cannot be bequeathed at pleasure by any subsequent possessor ; to fix inalien- ably : s. an estate entailed ; the rule that limits the succession. Entail'ment, s. the act of entailing. Enta'me, v. to tame, to subdue. Entan'gle, v. to twist or involve ; to puzzle pr perplex. Eman'glcinent, s. intricacy, perplexity. En'ter, v. to go or come into : to set down in writing; to engage in ; to initiate in. Enterla'ce, v. to intermix, to interweave. En'terpme, s. a hazardous undertaking. Eu'terpriser, s. a man of enterprise. Entertain', v. to talk with ; to treat at table to amuse ; to hold in the mind. Entertain'er, s. one who entertains. Entertain'ment, s. hospitable reception ; a feast ; any thing that entertains or amuses, as a dramatic performance. Enthro'ne, v. to set on a throne ; to exalt. Enthu'siasm, s. heat of imagination. Enthu'siast, s. one of a heated imagination ; one who thinks himself inspired ; one ex- travagantly fond of any thing. Enthusiastic, a. over-zealous in any thing. Enthusiastically, ad. with enthusiasm. En'thymeme, s. a syllogism, of which one of the premises is understood. Enti'ce, v. to allure, to attract, to invite. Enti'cement, s. an allurement, a bait. Enti'cingly, ad. in a winning manner. Enti're, a. whole, undivided, complete. Enti'rely, ad. completely, fully, wholly. Enti'tle, v. to give a title or right to. En'tity, s. a real being, real existence. Entoil', v. to ensnare or take with toils. Entomb', v. to put in a tomb, to bury. Entomol'ogist, s. one skilled in entomology. Entomol'ogy, s. that part of natural history which treats of insects. En'trails, s. pi. the intestines, the bowels. En'trance, s. a passage ; the act of entering. Entran'ce, v. to put into a trance. Entrap', v. to ensnare, to take advantage of. Entreat', v. to beg earnestly, to importune. Entrea'ty, s. a petition ; solicitation. Entremets, [Fr.] s. pi. small dishes set be- tween the principal ones at table ; dainty dishes. Entrepo't, [Fr.] s. a magazine ; a warehouse. En'try, s. the act of entrance, a passage. Entwi'ne, v. to twine or wreath together. Entwist', v. to twist or wreathe together. Enu'cleate, v. to solve ; to clear or explain. Enu'merate, v. to reckon up singly. Emimera'tion, s. the act of counting over. Enu'merative, a. reckoning up singly. Enun'ciate, v. to enounce or declare. Enuncia'tion, s. declaration ; manner of utterance. Enuu'ciative, a. declarative, expressive. Envel'op, v. to cover, to surroimd, to hide. En'velopo, s. a cover or wrapper. Envel'opment, s. perplexity, entanglement. Enven'om, v. to poison ; to fill with venom. En'viable, a. exciting envy ; desirable. En'vious, a. full of envy, malicious. En'viously, ad. with envy, with malignity. Envi'ron, v. to surround, to encompass. En'virons, s. pi. places adjacent ; suburbs. En'voy, s. a public minister sent from one power to another ; an ambassador. En'vy, v. to repine at the happiness of others, to hate another for any excellence : s. vexa- tion at another's good. Eo'lian-Harp, .y. a musical instrument pro- ducing sounds by the action of the wind. E'uact, k the excess of the solar above the lunar year. Ep'aulet, s. a shoulder-knot of lace, &c. Epen'thesis, s. the insertion of a letter in the middle of a word. Epcr'gne, [Fr.] s. an ornamental stand for the centre of a dining-table. EPH 67 E'pha, *. a Jewish measure. Ephem'era, *. an insect that lires but a day. Ephem'eral, a. only for a day ; short-lived. Ephem'eris, s. an account of the daily motions and situations of the planets. Ephial'tes, *. the nightmare. E'phod, s. the girdle worn by Jewish priests. Ep'ic, a. narrative, heroic : s. an epic poem. Epice'dium, s. an elegy, a funeral poem. Ep'icene, a. common to both sexes. Ep'icure, s. a luxurious and dainty eater. Epicurean, a. luxurious, contributing to luxury : s. a follower of Epicurus. Epicurism, s. luxury, voluptuousness. Epicy'cle, s. a little circle whose centre is in the circumference of a greater. Epicy'cloid, s. a geometrical curve. Epidemic, s. a generally prevailing disease. Epidem'ic, Epidem'ical, a. generally pre- vailing ; affecting great numbers. Epider'mal, Epider'mic, Epider/midal, a. pertaining to the skin or bark. Epider'mis, s. the outer skin of the body. Epiglot'is, 5. the thin movable cartilage which covers the aperture of the windpipe while food is passing over it to the stomach. Ep'igram, s. a short pointed poem. Epigrammatic, a. like an epigram; concise, pointed. Epigrani'matist, s. a writer of epigrams. Ep'ilepsy, s. the falling sickness. Epilep'ttc, Epilep'tical, a. affected with epi- lepsy ; pertaining to epilepsy. Ep'ilogue, s. a speech at the end of a p;ay. Epiph'any, s. a festival held on the 12th day after Christmas, in commemoration of our Saviour's being manifested to the world by the appearance of a star. Epis'copacy, s. a government by bishops. Epis'copal, a. relating to a bishop. Episcopalian, ■?. an adherer to the established church of England. Epis'copate, s. the office of a bishop. Epis'copy, s. superintendence ; survey. Episo'de, s. an incidental narrative or digres- sion in a poem. Episodical, a. contained in an episode. Episodically, ad. by way of episode. Epis'tle, s. a letter ; a writing sent. Epislolary, a. relating to letters ; transacted by letters ; suitable to letters. Epitaph, s. a monumental inscription. Epithala'mium, s. a nuptial song. Epithet, s. an adjective denoting a quality. Epit'ome, s. an abridgment, an abstract. Epitomize, v. to abridge, to reduce. E'poch, Ep'ocha,5.the time from which dates are numbered ; any fixed period. Ep'ode, s. the last part of an ode. Epopee', s. the subject of an epic poem. Ep'ujary, a. belonging to a feast or banquet. Equability, s. evenness, uniformity. E'quable, a. equal to itself, uniform ; just. E'quably, ad. evenly ; equally to itself. E'qual, s. one of the same rank and age. E'qual, a. like another; even, uniform, just. E'qual, E'qualize, v. to make one person equal to another, to make even. Equal iza'tion, s. state of equality. Equality, s. likeness, uniformity, E'qually, ad. in the same degree, impartially. ERO E'qualness, s. the state of being equal. Equanimity, s. evenness of mind. Equa'tion, s. bringing things to an equality 5 a term in algebra and astronomy. Equa'tor, *. a great circle, equally distant from the poles of the world, dividing the globe into two equal parts. Equato'rial, a. pertaining to the equator. Eq'uerry, s. one who has the care of the horses belonging to a king or prince. Eques'trian, a. pertaining to a horseman ; belonging to the Roman knights. Equian'gular, a. consisting of equal angles. Equidis'tant, a. being at the same distance. Equilat'eral, a. having all sides equal. Equilibrium, s. equality of weight, equipoise. Equinoc'tial, a. pertaining to the equinox. Equinoc'tial line, s. the equator; so called, because when the sun is vertical to it, the days and nights are equal all over the world. Eq'uinox, s. the time when the days and nights are equal, about the 21st of March and 22d of September. Equip', v. to dress or fit out, to furnish. Eq'uipage, s. retinue ; horses and carriages ; accoutrements ; furniture. Equip'ment, s. the things equipped or fitted out ; the act of equipping. Eq'uipoise, *. an equality of weight. Equipollent, a. of equal force or power. Equipon'derant, a. of equal weight. Eq'uitable, a. just, right, impartial, fair. Eq'uitableness, s. justness, equity. Eq'uitabiy, ad. impartially, justly. Eq'uity, s. justice, right, impartiality. Equivalence, s. equality of worth or power. Equivalent, s. a thing of the same value : a. equal in value or power. Equiv'ocal, a. doubtful, ambiguous. Equivocally, ad. ambiguously, doubtfully. EquiVoealness, s. ambiguity, two meanings. Equivocate, v. to use ambiguous expressions. Equivoca'tion, s. ambiguity of speech ; double or doubtful meaning. EquiVocator, j. one who equivocates. Equivoque, [Fr.] s.a quibble, equivocation. E'ra, s. an epoch ; a point of time. Era'diate, v. to shoot like a ray, to beam. Eradia'tion, s. emission of radiance. Eradicate, v. to pull up by the roots. Eradica'tion, s. the act of rooting up. Era'se, v. to rub or scrape out ; to destroy. Era'sure, s. act of erasing; a rubbing out. Ere, ad. before, sooner than. Erect', v. to set upright ; to build ; to raise or exalt : a. upright ; bold. Erec'tion, s. a building or raising up. Erect'ness, s. uprightness of posture. Erelong', ad. before a long time passes. Er'emitc. s. a hermit ; a recluse. Eremitical, a. like a hermit. Erenow 7 , ad. before this time. Erewhi'lo, ad. some time ago, heretofore. Er'go, [Lat.] ad. consequently, therefore. Erin'go, s. the plant called sea-holly. Er'niine, *. a small animal that furnishes a valuable fur ; the fur of the ermine ; figuratively, the office or dignity of a judge. Er'niined. a. clothed with ermine. Ero'de, v. to eat away-, to canker. ERO £TY Eroga'tion, s. the act of giving or bestowing. Ero'sion, s. the act of eating away. Err, v. to go out of the way ; to mistake. Er'rand, s. a verbal message. Errant, a. wandering, roving ; very bad. Er'rantry, s. a roving or rambling about. Erra'ta, [Lat. pi. of Erratum] s. mistakes made in printing. Errat'ic, Errat'ical, a. wandering, irregular. Errat'ically, ad. without rule or order. Earing, a. committing error ; uncertain. Erro'ueous, a. mistaken ; full of errors. Erro'neously, ad. by mistake ; falsely. Er'ror, s. a mistake, a blunder, a sin. Erse, s. the Irish or Gaelic language. Erst, ad. when time was ; first, formerly. Erst' while, ad. till then : till now ; aforetime. Erubes'cent, a. somewhat red ; blushing. Eruct', v. to belch, to expel wind. Eructa'tion, s. a sudden burst of wind. Erudite, a. learned, well read. Erudi'"tion, s. learning, knowledge. Eru'ginous, a. copperish, rusty, brassy. Erup'tion, s. an issuing or breaking forth with violence ; a rash or breaking out of humors ; pustules. Erup'tive, a. bursting, or tending to burst. Erysip'elas, s. an eruptive disease, vulgarly called Saint Anthony's fire. Escala'de, [Fr.] s. the scaling of walls : v. to mount and enter by means of ladders. Escal'op, s. See Sealiop Escapa'de, [Fr.] s. a prank : fling of a horse. Esca'pe, v. to get out of danger, to avoid ; to pass unobserved : *. a getting out of danger ; fight ; oversight. E.'ca'pement, s. that part of a watch or clock that regulates its movements. Escarp'ment, s. a slope or steep descent. Eschalot', s. a kind of small onion. Es'ehar, s. a hard crust or scar made Dy caustic applications to a wound. Escharot'ie, a. burning, searing, caustic. Ex-heat', s. any thing that falls to the lord of the manor as a forfeit, or on the death of a tenant having no heir : v. to forfeit. Escheat'or, s. an officer who has to look after the escheats of the crown. Eschew 7 , v. to avoid, to shun. Es'cort, s. a guard : v. to convoy or attend as a guard to a place. Escot'. See Scot. Escritoi're, [Fr.] s. a box or bureau which forms a desk for writing. Escula'pian, a. pertaining to the medical art. Es'culent, a. eatable ; good for food : s. something fit for food. Escutch'eon, s. a shield with arms. Escutch'eoned, a. having an escutcheon. Esoph'agus. See CEsoph'agus. Esoter'ic, a. secret, mysterious. Espal'ier, s. a tree traiued on rails or stakes. Espe"cial, a. principal, chief, leading. Especially, ad. principally, particularly. Es'perance, [Fr.] s. hope, expectation. Espi'al, s. one sent out to espy; observation. Es'pionage, [Fr.] s. the act of procuring and giving intelligence by spies. Esplana'de, s. an open or flat space before a fortification. Espou'sal, a. relating to espousals. Espou'sals, s. pi. the act of affiancing a man and woman to each other in marriage. Espou'se, v. to betToth or engage for mar- riage ; to marry ; to take upon ; to main- tain. Espous'er, s. one who maintains a point. Espy 7 , v. to see at a distance ; to watch. Esqui're, s. a title next below a knight. Essay', v. to try, to attempt, to endeavour. Es'say, .?. an attempt ; a short treatise. Es'sayist, s. a writer of essays. Es'sence, s. the nature, substance, or being of anything; existence; perfume, scent : v. to perfume, to scent. Essen'tial, a. necessary to existence ; very important : s. existence ; the chief point. Essen'tially, ad. constitutionally, necessarily ; by the constitution of nature. Essoin', s. an excuse for non-appearance. Establish, v. to settle firmly ; to found. Estab'-lishment, s. a settlement ; fixed state ; foundation ; income. Estafet'te, [Fr.] *. a military courier. Esta'te, *. a fortune ; rank, condition of life. Esteem', v. to value, to think highly of : s. high value in opinion ; regard. Es'timable, a. worthy of esteem. Es'timate, v. to rate, to set a value on : s. a calculation ; a set price or value ; assign- ment of value. Estimation, s. esteem, opinion ; a valuing. Es'tival, a. relating to the summer. Esto'p, (in law) v. to impede or stop. Esto'vers, (in law; s. supplies ; allowance. Estra'de, [Fr.] s. au even or level place. Estra'nge, v. to alienate ; to become htrange. Estrangement, s. alienation. Estrapa'de, s . the rearing and kicking of an ungovernable horse. Estreat', v. to extract, to copy ; to take from by way of fine : s. a true copy. Es'tuary, s. an arm of the sea ; a frith. Estua'tion, s. a boiling, agitation, commotion. Esu'rient, a. hungry, voracious. Es'urine, a. corroding, eating, consuming. Etch, v. to make a print by etching. Etch'ing, s. a method of engraving on metal by eating in the figures with prepared aqua- fortis. Eter'ual, a. perpetual, endless, everlasting. Eter'nal, 5. one of the appellations of God. Eter'nize, v. to immortalize. Eter'nally, ad. unchangeably, perpetually. Eter'ne, a. eternal, perpetual, endless. Eter'nity, s. duration without end. E'ther, s. pure elemental air ; a light, vola- tile, and inflammable liquid. Ethe'real, a. heavenly ; refined, pure. Ethe'realize, v. to convert into ether. Eth'ic, Eth'ical.ct. moral, relating to morals. Eth'ics, s. pi. the doctrines of morality ; the science of moral philosophy. E'thiop, s. a native of Ethiopia. Eth'nic, a. heathenish : s. a heathen, one who has no faith in revealed religion. Eth'ically, ad. according to moral doctrines. Etiol'ogy, s. an account of the causes of any thing ; an account of the causes of a disease. Etiquett'e, s . the polite form or manner of doing any thing. Etvniolo"gical, a. relating to etymology. ETY 89 ;Etymolo"gically, ad. according to etymology. Etymol'ogist, s. one who searches out the original of words Etymol'ogy, s. the derivation of words. Et'ymon, s. an original or primitive word. Eu'charist, s. the act of thanksgiving ; the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. Eu'logist, s. one who praises another. Eulogize, v. to praise ; to extol. Eulo'gium, Eulogy, s. praise, encomium. Eu'nuch, s. one who is emasculated. Eu'phemism, 5. the substitution of an agree- able for an offensive word. Euphonic, a. sounding agreeably. Eupho'nious, a. sweetly sounding ; musical. Eu'phony, s. a sweet and agreeable sound. Euphor'bia, s. spurge, a plant. Euphor'bium, s. a pungent medical gum. Eu'phrasy, s. the herb eyebright. Europe'an, a. belonging to Europe : s. a native of Europe. Eu'rus, s. the ea.-,t wind. Evac'uant, a. emptying: s. medicine that procures evacuation. Evac'uatc,i'. to make void or empty; to quit. Evacua'tion, s. a discharge ; an emptying ; a withdrawing from ; an ejectment. Eva'de, v. to avoid, to elude ; to equivocate. Evaga'tion, s. a rambling deviation. Evanes'ccnce, *. disappearance. Evanes'cent, a. vanishing from ; lessening beyond perception ; imperceptible. Evangelical, a. agreeable to the gospel. Evangelically, ad. according to the gospel. Evan'gelism,*. the promulgation ofthegospel. Evan'gelist, s. a writer or preacher of the gospel ; a bringer of good tidings. Evangelize, v. to preach the gospel. Evap'orate, v. to fly away in vapor ; to breathe or steam out. Evapora'tion, s. conversion into vapor. Eva'sion, s. an excuse, equivocation, artifice. Eva'sive, a. equivocating, shuffling, elusive. Eva'sively, ad. elusively, sophistical] y. Eva'siveness, s. the q-uaiity of being evasive. Eve, E'ven, s. evening or close of the day ; the day before a festival. E'ven, a. level ; smooth ; equal ; uniform. E'ven, ad. verily, notwithstanding, likewise. Evenhand'ed, a. impartial, just, equitable. E'vening, E'ven, •*. the close of the day. E'venly, ad. equally, uniformly, impartially. E'venncss, s. equality of surface ; smooth- ness ; regularity ; uniformity. E'ven-song, s. the evening worship. Event', s. any thing that happens ; an inci- dent ; the consequence of an action. Event'ful, a. full of incidents or changes. E'ven-tide, s. the time of evening. Ever/tual, a. consequential ; final. Even'tually, ad. in the event, last result. EvCr, ad. at any time ; eternally, always. Everdu'ring, a. enduring without end. Evergreen, s. a plant all the year green : a. verdant throughout the year. Everlasting, a. perpetual, without end. Everlasting, Everlastlngness, s. eternity. Everlivlng, a. living always, immortal. Evermo'rc, ad. eternally, without end. Evert', v. to overthrow, to destroy. Ev'ory, a. each one of all, belonging to all. ESC Ev'eryday, a. common, occurring on any day. Everywhere, ad. in every place. j Evict', v. to dispossess by legal process. Evic'tion, * . a proof, evidence ; dispossession. Evidence, s. testimony, proof; a witness. Evidence, v. to prove, to show. Evident, a. plain, apparent, obvious. Evidential, a. affording evidence. Evidently, ad. apparently, plainly, certainly. E'vil, a. wicked, mischievous, bad, corrupt. E'vil, E'vilness, s. wickedness ; badness. Evil-do'er, s. one that commits crimes. E'vil-eyed, a. having a malignant look. Evil-fa'vored, a. ill-countenanced. Evil-mi'nded, a. malicious, wicked. Evil-speaking, s. defamation, slander. Evin'cc, v. to prove, to make plain. Evin'cible, a. capableof proof ; demonstrable. Evis'cerate, v. to disembowel. E vltable, a. that may be avoided. Evoca'tion, s. a calling out or from. Evo'ke, v. to call forth or out of. Evola'tion, s. the act of flying away. Evol've, v. to unfold, to disentangle. Evolu'tion, s. the act of unfolding ; maneu- vering of troops, &c. Evul'sion, s. a plucking out or away. Ewe, s. a female sheep. Ew'er, s. a vessel in which water is brought for washing the hands ; a water jug. Exa"cerbate, v. to embitter ; to exasperate. Exacerba'tion, s. increase of malignity or irritation ; the height of a disease. Exacerva'tion, s. the act of heaping up. Exact', a. nice, accurate, precise, methodical ; v. to demand of ; to force or extort from. Exac'tion, s. extortion ; a severe tribute. Exac'titude, s. exactness ; nicety. Exactly, ad. accurately, nicely, fitly. Exact'ness, s. acourateness, regularity. Exaggerate, v. to heap up ; to heighten, to aggravate, to enlarge or amplify. Exaggcra'tion, s. the act of heaping up ; amplification ; aggravation. Exalt', v. to lift up ; to extol, to magnify. Exalta'tion, s. the act of raising up. Exalt'edness, s. state of dignity or greatness. Exa'men, s. an inquiry or examination. Examina'tion, s. inquiry ; critical disquisi- tion ; a questioning ; a trial or proof. Examlnator, s. an examiner. Examine, v. to interrogate ; to scrutinize. Examiner, s. one who examines. Exam'ple, s. a pattern, model, precedent. Exanimate, a. dead, lifeless, spiritless. Ex'arch, s. a viceroy. Exarch'atc, Ex'archy, s. the jurisdiction or office of an exarch. Exas'perate,-^. to vex, to provoke, to enrage. Exaspera'tion, s. strong provocation ; irrita- tion ; aggravation. Ex'cavate, v. to cut into or make hollow. Excava'tion, s. a hollow formed ; a cavity. Ex'cavator, s. one who digs ; a miner. Exceed', v. to surpass, to excel, to go be- yond proper bounds. Exceeding, p. and a. surpassing ; very great. Exceedingly, ad. to a great degree. Excel', v. to surpass, to outdo ; to be eminent. Excellence, Excellency, s. eminency, dig- nity ; purity, goodness ; a title of honor. EXC 90 EXI Excellent, a. being of great virtue ; eminent. Ex'cellently, ad. in an eminent degree. Except', v. to leave out, to object to. Except', Except'ing, prep. unles3 ; -with ex- ception of; exclusive of. Excep'tion, s. an exclusion ; objection, cavil. Exceptionable, a. liable to objection. Excep'tious, a. peevish, full of objections. Excep'tiousness, s. disposition to cavil. Excep'tive, a. including an exception. Excep'tor, s. one who makes exceptions. Excerp'tion, s. the act of selecting; the thing selected. Ex'cerpt, s. a passage selected ; an extract. Excess', s. superfluity, intemperance. Excessive, a. going beyond due bounds. Excessively, ad. exceedingly. Excess 'iveness, s. the state of being excessive. Excha'nge, v. to give one thing for another; to barter ; to truck : s. the act of barter- ing ; the place where merchants meet ; the balance of money of different nations. Exchangeable, a. that may bo exchanged. Exeheq'uer, s. the court in which all causes relating to the revenues of the crown are heard and determined ; the crown trea- sury : v. to sue in the court of exchequer. Exci'sable, a. liable to the excise. Exci'se, s. a tax levied upon commodities. Ex'cise, v. to make subject to excise. Exci'seman, s. an inspector of excised goods. Excis'ion, s. a cutting off; extirpation. Excitabil'ity, s. capability of being excited. Excitation, s. the act of exciting. Exci'table, a. easy to be excited. Exci'tative, a. tending to excite. Exci'te, v. to rouse, to stir up. Exci'tement, s. that which excites ; state of being excited. Exciler, s. one who stirs up others. Exclaim', v. to cry out, to vociferate. Exclama'tion, s. clamor, outcry ; a note thus (!) indicating emotion. Exelam'ative, a. relating to exclamation. Exclam'atory, a. pertaining to exclamation. Exclaim'er, s. one that makes loud outcries. Exclu'de, v. to shut out; to debar; to pro- hibit ; to except. Exclu'sion, s. a rejection ; act of shutting out. Exclu'sionist, s. one who would debar another from any privilege. Exclu'sive, a. debarring, excepting. Exclusively, ad. without admission of an- other ; in an exclusive manner. Exclu'sivcness, 5. the stateof being exclusive. Excoct', v. to make by boiling. Exoo"gitate, v. to strike out by thinking ; to contrive. Excogitation, s. invention by thought. Excommu'nieable, a. liable or deserving to be excommunicated. Excommu'nicate, v. to eject from the com- munion of the church : a. excluded from the pale of the church. Excommunica'tion, s. an ecclesiastical inter- dict, or exclusion from the church. Excc'riate, v. to strip off the skin. Excoria'tion, s. rubbing off the skin. Excortiea'tion. s. a pulling off the bark. Ex'crement, s. ordure, dung. Excremen'tal, a. voided as excrement. Excres'cence, s. that which grows unnatur ally and without use out of something else ; a wen. Excres'ccnt, a. growing outof somethingelse. Excru'ciate, v. to torture, to torment. Excru'ciating,«. painful in the highest degree. Excul'pate, v. to clear from imputation. Exculpa'tion, s. the clearing from blame. Exculpatory, a. clearing from imputation. Excur'sion, .?. a digression ; ramble ; inroad. Excur'sive, a. rambling, deviating. Excu'sable, a. pardonable. Excu'sableness, 5. capability to be excused. Excu'se, v . to pardon, to remit, to extenuate : s. an apology, a plea, a pardon. Ex'ecrable, a. hateful, detestable. Ex'ecrably, ad. cursedly, abominably. Ex'ecrate, v. to curse ; to abominate. Execra'tion, s. a curse ; an imprecation. Ex'ecute, v. to carry into effect ; to perform ; to put to death according to the sentence of the law. Execu'tion, s. a performance ; a seizure ; death inflicted by forms of law. Execu'tioner, s. he that inflicts punishments. Exec'utive, a. having power to act. Excc'utor, s. he that is entrusted to execute the will of the testator. Executorship, s. the office of an executor. Exec'utrix, s. a female executor. Exeget'ical, a. explanatory. Exem'plar, s. a pattern, a copy, an example. Exem'plarily, ad. in an exemplary manner. Ex'emplary, ad. so as to deserve imitation. Exemplifi ca'tion,^. an illustration by example. Exem'plify, v. to illustrate, to copy. Exempt', v. to privilege, to free from : a. free by privilege ; not subject to. Exemp'tion, .?. immunity, privilege. Ex'equies, s. pi. funeral rites. Ex/ercise, v. to employ, to practise, to train : s. labor, practice, employment. Exercita'tion, s. exercise, practice, use. Exer'gue, s. the plain circular space just within the edge of a medal. Exert', v. to put forth ; to use with effort, to perform. Excr'tion, s. the act of exerting ; an effort. Exfo'liate, v. to shell off, to peel off. Exha'lable, a. that may be exhaled. Exbala'tion, s. evaporation, fume, vapor. Exhale, v. to send or draw out vapor. Exha'lement, s. matter exhaled ; a vapor. Exhaust', v. to draw out totally, to consume. Exhaustible, a. capable of being exhausted. Exhaus'tion, s. the act of drawing or draining. Exhaust'less, a. not to be emptied. Exhibit, v. to display or offer to view. Exhibi'lion, s. display ; allowance, pension. Exhibi'lioner, *. one who receives a pension or an allowance in our universities. Exhibitor?, a. setting forth, showing. Exhil'arate, v. to make cheerful. Exhilara'tion, s. the state of being enlivened. Exhort', v. to incite to any good action. Exhorta'tion, s. an incitement to good. Exhort'ative, a. containing exhortation. Exhort'atory, a. tending to exhort. Exhuraa'tion, s. a removing out of the giave. Exic'cate. See Exsiccate. Exigence, Exigency, s. demand, want. EXI 91 EXP Extgent, s. a pressing business : a. pressing. Ex'ile, v. to banish, to transport. Extle, s. banishment ; a person banished. Exi'le, a. thin, slender. Exist', v. to be, to have a being, to live. Exist'ence, Exist'ency, s. a state of being. Exist'ent, a. in being, possessed of existence. Ex'it, s. a departure, a going out ; death. Ex'odus, s. a journey from a place ; the se- cond book of Aloses, which describes the journey of the Israelites from Egypt. Exon'erate, v. to unload, to free from. Exoneration, s. the act of disburdening. Exonerative, a. freeing from any charge. Ex'orable, a. movable by entreaty. Exorbitance, s. excess, extravagance. Exorbitant, a. excessive, extravagant. Exorbitantly, ad. enormously, excessively. Ex'orcise, v. to cast out evil spirits. Exerciser, Ex'orcist, s. one who pretends by magic to drive away evil spirits. Exordium, s. introduction to a discourse. Exoter'ic, a. external or public, as distin- guished from Esoteric. Exot'ic, a. foreign : s. a foreign plant. Expand', v. to spread, to open, to dilate. Expan'se, s. wide smooth extension. Expansibility, s. capacity of extension. Expan'sible, a. capable of being extended. Expan'sion, s. act of spreading out ; extent. Expan'sive, a. extensive, spreading. Expan'siveness,s. quality of being expand e. Expatiate, v. to range at large, to enlarge on. Expa'triate, v. to banish from one's native country. Expatria'tion, s. banishment, exile. Expect', v. to look for, to wait for. Expect'ancy, s. something expected ; hope. Expect'ant, a. waiting in expectation : s. one who is expecting some benefit. Expecta'tion, s. the act of expecting. Expectora'tion, s. a discharge by coughing. Expec'torant, s. a medicine which promotes expectoration : a. promoting expectoration. Expec'torate, v. to eject from the breast. Expe'dience, Expedien'cy, s. suitable to an end, fitness, propriety. Expe'dient, a. fit, proper, convenient : s. a method, means to an end, a device. Expe'dicntly, ad. suitably ; conveniently. Ex'pedite, v. to facilitate, to hasten, to de- spatch : a. quick, active. Ex'peditely, ad. with quickness or despatch. Expedition, s. haste, speed ; a voyage for hostile purposes ; a warlike enterprise. Expeditious, a. quick, nimble, alert. Expeditiously, ad. quickly, nimbly. Expel', v. to drive out, to banish, to eject. Expel'lable, a. that may be driven out. Expend', v. to lay out, to spend, to consume. Expenditure, s. cost, disbursement. Expcn'se, s. cost, charges, money expended. Expen'set'ul, a. costly, expensive. Expen'seless, a. free from cost or charge. Expen'sive, a. given to expense, costly. Expensively, ad. with great expense. Expen'siveness, s. costliness, extravagance. Expedience, s. practice, practical knowledge : v. to trv, to know by practice. Expe'ner.ced, p. and a. skilful by experience. Experiment, s. trial, practical proof. Experimental, a. founded on experiment. Experimen'talist, Experimenter, s. he who makes experiments. Experimentally, ad. by experience, by trial. Expert/, a. skilful, ready, dexterous. Expert'ly, ad. skilfully, readily, dexterously. Expert'ness, s. skill, art, readiness. Ex'piable, a. that may be atoned for. Ex'piate, v. to atone for. Expia'tion, s. the act of atoning. j Ex'piatory, a. having the power of expiation. Expi'rabie, a. that may come to an end. Expiration, s. respiration ; an end ; death. Expi're, v. to breathe out; to die, to end. Explai'n, v. to make plain or clear. Explainable, a. capable of being explained. Explanation, J. the act of explaining ; the sense explained ; adjustment of a mis- understanding. Explan'atery, a. containing explanation. Ex'pletive, s. a word or syllable used merely to fill up a space : a. filling up. Ex'plicable, a. that may be explained. Explicate, v. to unfold, to explain. Explication, s. act of unfolding or explaining. Ex'plicative, a. having a tendency to explain. Ex'plicatory, a. tending to explain. Expli"cit, a. unfolded, clear, plain, distinct. Explicitly, ad. plainly, distinctly, clearly. Expli'titness, s. the state of being explicit. Explo'de, v. to burst with noise ; to drive out or reject with contemptuous noise. Exploit', s. a great action, an achievement. Explo'ratory, a. searching, examining. Explo're, v. to search, to examine. Explo'sion, s. the act of exploding; a burst- ing or driving out with noise. Explo'sive, a. having power to explode. Expo'nent, .?. the number that points out the ratio of any two or more quantities. Ex'port, 5. goods sent to a foreign market. Export', v. to send out of a country. Exportable, a. which may be exported. Exportation, s. the act of exporting. Export'er, s. one who exports. Expo'se, v. to lay open ; to put in danger. Exposition, s.anexplanation, interpretation. Expos'itive. Expos'itory, a. explanatory. Expos'itor, s. an explainer, an interpreter. Expostulate, v . to remonstrate with. Expostulation, 5. discussion of an affair without anger ; remonstrance, debate. Expostulatory, a. containing expostulation. Expo'sure, s. the act of exposing to sight. Expound', v. to explain, to unfold. Expound'cr, 5. an explainer, an interpreter. Express', v. to press out, to utter, to declare, to denote, to represent : a. in direct terms, plain, clear : j. a courier; a messenger sent specially and speedily. Express'ible, a. that may be expressed. Expres'sion, s. a phrase; mode of speech; act of representing any thing ; act of pressing or forcing out. Express'ive, a. expressing with force. Express'ively,.- I. v. to snarl, to murmur, to grumble : s. the noise made by a surly dog. Growl'er, s. a snarling cur : a grumbler. Growling, s. the act of snarling, grumbling. Growth, s. vegetatiou ; increase of stature ; advancement ; thing produced. Grub, v. to destroy by digging, to dig out. Grub, s. a small destructive worm ; a dwarf. Grub'axe, s. a tool used in grubbing up roots. Grub'ber, s. one who digs or roots up. Grub'ble, v. to grope or feel in the dark. Grudge, v. to envy, to repine, to give un- willingly. Grudge, s. an old quarrel, ill-will, envy. Grudg'ing, s. reluctance, malignity. Grudgingly, ad. unwillingly, malignantly. Gru'el, s. oatmeal boiled in water. Gruff, a. surly, harsh, stern. Gruffly, ad. harshly, ruggedly, sourly. Gruff' ness, s. harshness of look or voice. Grum, a. surly. See Grim. Grum'blc, v. to growl, to murmur, to snarl. Grum'bler, s. one who grumbles, a mur- murer ; a discontented person. Grum'bling, s. a murmuring, discontent. Grume, s. a coagulated fluid. Grumly, ad. morosely, in a sullen maimer. Gru'mous, a. thick, clotted like blood. Gru'mousness, s. a state of concretion. Grunt, s. the noise of a hog. Gruut, Grun'tle, v. to murmur like a hog, to make a grumbling noise. Grunt'er, 5. he who grunts ; a kind offish. Grunt'ling, s. a young hog. Grutch, v. See Grudge. Gua'iacum, s. a medicinal wood. Gua'no, s. a kind of manure. Guana'co, s. an animal of South America, a species of the camel sheep. Guarantee', j. one that undertakes to see stipulations faithfully performed : v. to warrant or answer for performance. Guar'anty, s. surety for performance. Guard, s. a state of caution ; defence ; that which defends, as a body of soldiers ; part of the hilt of a sword. Guard, v. to watch ; to protect ; to defend. Guard'able, a. that may be protected. Guard'ant, a. having the face turned to- wards the spectator. Guard'edly, ad. in a cautious manner. Guard'edncss, s. caution ; wariness. Guard'ful, Guard'ed, a. wary; cautious. Guard'ian, s. one who has the care of an orphan ; a protector ; a superintendent. Guard'ian, a. defending, superintending. Guardianship, s. the ofiice of a guardian. Guard'less, a. without defence or care. Guard'room, s. a room for the use of soldiers who are " ou guard." Guard'ship, s. a ship that guards a harbour, Gua'va, s. an American fruit. Guberna'tion, s. government ; direction. Guber'native, Gubernato'rial, a. governing. Gud'genn, s. a fish ; a man easily cheated. Guer'doii, ,s. a reward ; a recompense. Guerilla, s. a Spanish free soldier, or armed mountaineer. Guess, v. to conjecture rightly, to find out. Guess, s. a conjecture, a supposition. Guess'er, s. one who judges by conjecture. Guest, s. one who is entertained by another. Gug'gle. v. See Gurgle. Gui'dable, a. that may be guided. Gui'dage, s. the reward given to a guide. Gui'dance, s. direction, government. Guide, v. to direct, to regulate, to instruct. Guide, s. one who directs another. Gui'dcless, a. without a guide. Guild, j. a society, a corporation, a fraternity. Guild'able, a. liable to a guild or contribution. Guild'hall, s. the hall of a corporation. Guild'ry, s. members of a guild. Guile, s. deceitful cunning, insidious artifice. Guileful, a. treacherous, insidious, artful. Guilefully, a. deceitfully, treacherously. Guilefulncss, 5. secret treachery ; cunning. Guileless, a. free from deceit, innocent. Guilclcssness, s. simplicity, innocence. Guilloti'nc, s. a machine for beheading : v. to decapitate by the guillotine. Guilt, s. an offence, a crime, a fault. Guiltily, ad. in a guilty manner ; criminally. Guiltiness, .y. the state of being guilty. Guiltless, a. innocent, free from crime. Guiltlessly, ad. innocently, without guilt. Guiltlessness, s. freedom from crime. Guilt'y, a. not innocent, corrupt, wicked. GUI 119 II AB Guin'ea, s. a gold coin, value 2\s., originally- made of gold from Guinea. Guin'ea-hen, s. a large kind of fowl of a gray color with white spots. Guin'ea-pepper, s. capsicum, or red pepper. Guin'ea-pig, s. the cavy, a quadruped. Guise, s. manner, habit, custom, dress. Guitar, 5. a stringed musical instrument. Gules, s. in heraldry, a red color. Gulf, s. a large bay, an abyss, a whirlpool. Gulf'y, a. full of gulfs or whirlpools. Gull, v. to cheat, to defraud, to trick. Gull, s. a sea bird ; one easily cheated. GuH'catcher, s. one who cheats simpletons. Gul'let, s. the passage for food in the throat. Gullibility, s. extraordinary credulity. Gul'ly, s. a channel, a ditch, a gutter. Gul'lyhole, s. the hole where the gutters empty themselves into the sewers. Gulos'ity, s. greediness, gluttony, voracity. Gulp, v. to swallow eagerly with noise. Gulp, s. as much as is swallowed at once. Gum, s. the viscous juice of trees ; the fleshy covering that contains the teeth. Gum, v. to close or smear with gum. Gum'-arabic, s. the gum of the acacia. Gum'-boil, s. a boil on the gum. Gum'lac, s. a kind of drug. See Lac. Gum'miness, s. the state of being gummy. Gum'mous, a. of the nature of gum. Gum'my, a. consisting of gum, full of gum. Gump'tion, s. (vulgarly) understanding, tact. Gum'-resin, s. a mixture of gum and resin. Gun, s. a musket or fowling-piece ; the general name for all fire-arms except a pistol. Gun'-barrel, 5. the metal tube of a gun. Gun'-boat, s. a boat equipped with a gun. Gun'ner, s. a cannonier ; he who directs the artillery of a ship in battle. Gun'nery, s. the science of artillery. Gun'powder, s. composition of saltpetre, sulphur, and charcoal, which easily takes fire, and explodes with a report. Gun'-roorn, s. the room under the great cabin, generally used by the master-gunner. Gun' shot, s. the reach or range of a gun : a. made by the shot of a gun. Gna'snaitn, s. a man who makes guns. Gnn'stick, s. a wooden ramrod. Gun'stock, s. the wood for fixing a gun in. Gun'stone, 5. the shot of a cannon. Gun'wale, Gnu'nel, s. the toale or timber which reaches from the half-deck to the forecastle of a ship, and from which the guns are pointed (if the vessel carry any). Gurge, s. a whirlpool, a gulf. Gur'gle, v. to fall or gush with noise. Gurliard, Gur'net, s. a kind of sea-fish. Gush, s. a forcible emission of liquor. Gush, v. to flow or rush out with violence. Gus'set, s. a small angular piece of cloth used in shirts and other garments. Gust. s. sudden blast of wind ; taste, liking. Gust'able, a. pleasant to the taste. Gusta'tion, s. the act of tasting. Gust'atory, a. pertaining to the taste. Gust'ful, a. well tasted, tasteful, relishing. Gus'to, s. the relish of any thing ; liking. Gust'y, a. stormy, tempestuous, rough. Gut, t. the internal passage for food. Gut, v. to draw out the guts; to plunder. Gut'ta sere'na, [Lat.] s. a disease of the eye* Gut/fa?, [Lat.] s. pi. little cones or drops. Gut'tated, a. ornamented with drops. Gut'ter, s. a passage or channel for water Gut'ter, v. to cut in small hollows. Gut'tle, v. to gormandize, to eat greedily. Gut'tler, s. a greedy ravenous eater. Gut'tulous, a. in the form of small drops. Gut'tural, a. pronounced in the throat. Gut'tu rally, ad. in the throat. Gut'ty, a. (in heraldry) sprinkled with drops. Gut'wort, s. a plant. Guy, s. a rope to hoist things into a ship. Guz'zle, v. to drink greedily. Guz'zler, s. a great drinker. Gymna'sium, s. any place expressly set apart for practising athletic exercises. Gym'nast, 5. one who teaches or practises athletic exercises. Gymnas'tic. a. relating to athletic exercises. Gymnas'tically, ad. athletically. Gymnas'tics, s. pi. athletic exercises. Gym'nical ; -Gym'nic, a. pertaining to athletio exercises. Gymnics, 5. athletic or gymnastic exercises. Gymnos'ophist, s. one of a sect of Indian philosophers who go naked. Gym'nosperim. s. a plant with naked seeds. Gymnosperm'ous, a. having the seeds naked. Gynan'drian, a. (in botany) having stamens inserted in the pistil. Gyn'archy, *. female government. Gynaj'cium, s. a private apartment for women. Gynecoc'racy, *. petticoat government. Gynoc'racy, *. female government. Gyp'seous, a. of the nature of gypsum. Gyp'sum, s. the name of a class of fossils. Gypsy. See Gipsy. Gy'ral, a. whirling, moving circularly. Gyra'tion, s. the act of turning a thing round. Gy'ratory, a. moving in a circle. Gyre, s. a circle, a ring : v. to turn round. Gy'red, a. falling in rings. Gyr' falcon, s. a species of hawk. Gyr'omancy, s. a sort of divination, per- formed by walking in or round a circle. Gyve, 5. a fetter, a chain for the legs : v. to fetter, to shackle. H. Ha! interj. an expression of wonder, sur- prise, sudden exertion, or laughter. Hab'erdasher, s. a dealer in small wares. Hab'erdashery, s. goods sold by a haber- dasher, as pins, thread, lace, tape, &c. Hab'erdine, s. a dried salt cod. Hab'crgeon, s. armour for neck and breast. Hab'ile, a. active, nimble ; fit, proper. Habil'iment, s. dress, clothes, apparel. liability, s. See Ability. Hab'it, s. state of any thing ; dress ; custom. Hab'it, v. to dress, to clothe, to array. Hab'itable, a. fit to be inhabited. Hab'itableness, s. capacity of being made habitable. Habitant, s. an inhabitant, a dweller. Habita'tion, s. a place of abode, dwelling. Habit'ual, a. customary, accustomed. Habit'ually, ad. customarily, by habit. Habrfuate, v. to accustom ; to make familiar. HAB 120 HAN Habitude, s. long custom, habit, state. Hab'nab, ad. at random, by chance. Hack, v. to cut into small pieces, to chop. Hack, s. a notch ; a horse kept for hire. Hack'le, s. an instrument for dressing flax. Hack'le, v. to dress flax. Hack'ney, s. a hired horse : a. let out for hire. Hack'ney, v. to practise in one thing. Hack'ney-coach, s. a coach let out for hire. Had'dock. s. a small sea fish of the cod kind. Hade, s. the steep descent to a mine. Ha'des, s. the receptacle of departed spirits. Haemop'tysis, s. the spitting of blood. Haemati'tes, s. the bloodstone. Haemat'ocele, s. a tumor filled with blood. Haemato'sis, s. the power of making blood. Haft, J. a handle : V. to set in a haft. Hag, s. a witch, an ugly old woman, a fury. Hag'gard, s. any thing wild ; a hawk. Kag'gard, a. lean, pale, deformed, ugly. Hag'gis, s. a sheep's maw filled with mince- meat, spice, &c, a favorite Scotch dish. Hag'gish, a. deformed, horrid. Haggle, v. to beat down the price in buy- ing ; to carve awkwardly, to mangle. Hag'gler, j. one who is tardy in buying. Hagiog'rapha. s. pi. the books of Scripture. Hagiog'raphal,«. pertaining to holy writings. Hag'-ridden, a. afflicted with the nightmare. Hail, s. frozen rain : interj. health be to you. Hail, v. to pour down hail. Hail, v. to salute; to call to. Hail'shot, s. a small shot scattered like hail. Hail'stone, s. a particle or single ball of hail. Hair, s. one of the teguments of the body. Hair'bell, s. a flower; the hyacinth. Hair'breadth, s. a very small distance. Hair'eloth, s. a prickly stuff made of hair. Hairiness, $. the state of being hairy. Hair'less, a. destitute of hair, bald. HairV, a. covered with or consisting of hair. Hake, s. a kind of sea fish. Hal 'herd, s. a soldier's battle-axe. Halberdier', s. one armed with a halberd. Hal'cyon, j. a sea bird : a. placid, quiet, calm. Hale, a. healthy, hearty, robust, sound. Hale, v. to dra? by force, to pull violently. Half, s. a moiety, equal part : ad. equally. Half-blooded, a. degenerate, base. Half-bred, a. mongrel, mean, mixed. Half-hatched, a. imperfectly hatched. Half-heard, a. imperfectly heard. Half-moon, *. the moon at the quarter, when half appears illuminated. Half-pay, s. half the amount of salary : a. receiving or entitled to half-pay. Halfpenny, s. a common copper coin. Half-sighted, a. short or weak sighted. Half-way, ad. in the middle. Half-wit, s. a foolish fellow, a blockhead. Half-witted, a. weak in intellect; silly. Hal'ibut, s. a large flat sea fish. Hal'imass, s. the feast of All Souls, Nov. 2. Hal'itous, Halit'uou3, a. vaporous, fumous. Hal'itus, [Lat.] s. breath, vapor, a gasp. Hall, s. a court of justice ; a large room. Hallclu'jah, s. a song of thanksgiving. Halliards, s. pi. the ropes or tackle for hoist- ing or lowering a sail. Hal'lier, 5. a net for catching birds. Hal'loo, v. to incite by shouts, to shout to. n dog9. holy. Halloo', s. the shout or cry to set on Hal'low, v. to consecrate, to make holyl Hallu'cinate, v. to blunder, to mistake. Hallucination, s. a blunder, a mistake. Halo, s. a circle round the sun or moon. Halse. j. the neck ; the throat. Hal'ser, Haw'ser, s. a small cable-rope. Halt, v. to limp ; to stop in a march. Halt, j. the act of limping : a. lame, limping. Halt'er, s. a rope to tie about the neck of a horse or malefactor ; a cord. Halt'er, v. to bind with a cord. Haltingly, ad. in a slow manner. Halve, v. to divide into two equal parts. Ham. s. a leg of pork cured ; the thigh. Ham'adryad, s. a fabled wood-nymph. Ham'ate, a. entangled or hooked together. Ham'ble. v. to cut the sinews of the thigh. Ha'mated, a. hooked, set with hooks. Hame, s. the collar by which a horse draws in a waggon. Ham'let, s. a small village. Ham'mel, v. to hamstring ; to hough. Ham'mer, s. an instrument to drive nails. Ham'mer, v. to beat or form with a hammer. Ham'mercloth, s. the cloth on a coach-box. Ham'merer, s. he who works with a hammer. Ham'merwort, s. an herb. Hammochry'sos, s. a gold-spangled stone. Ham'mock, s. a swinging bed in a ship. Ham'per, s. a large basket for carriage. Ham'per, v. to embarrass, to entangle. Ham'string, 5. the tendon of the ham. Ham'string, v. to cut the tendon of the ham. Ht n'aper, s. a treasury ; an exchequer. Hand, s. the palm with the fingers ; a mea- sure of four inches ; cards held in a game. Hand, v. to give, to deliver down ; to guide, Hand'ball, s. an ancient game with a ball. Hand'barrow, s. a frame on which any thing is carried by the hands of two men. Hand'basket, s. a portable basket. Hand'bell, s. a bell rung by the hand. Hand'bow, s. a bow managed by the hand. Hand'breadth, s. a measure of four inches. Hand'cuff, v. to confine the hands of pri- soners with irons : s. a manacle. Hand'cd, a. with hands joined, using hands. Hand'fast, *. custody ; power of keeping : a. fast as by contract. Hand'ful, s. as much as the hand can grasp. Hand'gallop, s. gentlo easy gallop. Hand'glass, s. a glass used by gardeners for protecting various plants. Hand-grena'de, s. a grenade thrown by hand. Hand'gun, s. a gun wielded by the hand. Handicraft, 5. a manual occupation. Handicraftsman, s. a manufacturer. Handily, ad. with skill, with dexterity. Handlness, s. readiness, dexterity. Handiwork, s. work done by the hand. Hand'kerchief, s. a kerchief usually held in the hand. Han'dlc, v. to feel with the hand, to treat of. Han'dle, j. that part of a thing held. Handless, a. wanting a hand. Handling, s. touch, execution ; cunning. Hand'maid, Hand'maidcn, s. a maid-servant. Hand'mill, j. a small mill for grinding. Hand'sails, s. pi. sails managed by the band. Hand'saw, s. a saw manageable by the hand. MAIN 121 HAR Hand'sel, v. to use a tiling the first time. Hand'sel, s. the first act of using a thing. Hand'sorne, a. becoming, beautiful, generous. Hand'somely, ad. beautifully, liberally. Hand'someness, s. beauty ; grace ; elegance. Hand'spike, s. a kind of wooden, lever. Hand'staff, s. a javelin. Hand'vicc, j. a vice to hold small work in. Hand'writing, s. a cast or form of writing peculiar to each hand. Hand'y, a. ready, dexterous, convenient. Hand'yblow, s. a blow with the hand. Hand'y dandy, s. a play among children. Hand'ygripe, s. seizure by the hand. Hang, v. to suspend ; to choke ; to dangle. Hang'er, s. a short broad sword ; that by which any thing hangs. Hang'er-on, s. a dependent, a spunger. Hang'ing, s. death by the halter. Hangings, s. pi. drapery hung against walls. Hang'man, s. the public executioner. Hank, s. a skein of thread ; a tic, a loop. Hank'er, v. to hang after, to long for. Hank'ering, s. strong desire ; longing. Hanseat'ic, a. relating to the Hanse Towns. Hap, s. chance, casual event : v. to happen. Haphaz'ard, s. mere chance, accident. Hap'less, a. unhappy, unfortunate, luckless. Hap'iy, ad. perad venture, by accident. Hap'pen, v. to fall out, to come to pass. Hap'pily, ad. success fully, prosperously. Hap'piuess, s. felicity, good fortune. Hap'py, a. felicitous; lucky; opportune. Harang'ue, .?. a speech, a public oration. Harang'ue, v. to make a speech in public. Harang'uor, s. an orator ; a public speaker. Har'ass, v. to weary, to fatigue, to vox. Har'asser, s. a spoiler ; one who harasses. Har'binger, s. a forerunner, a messenger. Har'bour, s. a port or haven. Har'bour, v. to lodge, to entertain, to shelter. Har'bourage, s. a place of shelter. Har'bourer, s. one who shelters another. Har'bourless, a. being without lodging. Hard, a. compact, firm ; obdurate ; difficult. Hard, ad. laboriously; quickly; earnestly. Hard'earned, j». anda. earned with difficulty. HaTd'en, v. to make obdurate, to indurate. Hard'ener, s. whatever makes hard and firm. Hard'ening, 5. the giving a greater degree of hardness to a thing. Hardfa'vorcd, a. coarse of feature. Hardfa'voredness, s. coarseness of feature. Hard'featured, a. having coarse features. Hard'fisted, a. covetous ; close-handed. Hard'fought, a. vigorously contested. Hard'gotten, a. obtained with difficulty. Hardheart'ed, a. inexorable, merciless, cruel. Hardheart'edness, s. want of tenderness. Hardihood, s. stoutness ; bravery. Hard'ily, ad. stoutly ; with great boldness. Hardiness, s. stoutness, confidence, boldness. Hardla'boured, a. much studied ; elaborate. Hardly, ad. with difficulty, oppressively. Hard'mouthed, a. disobedient to the rein. Hard'ness, s. the state of being hard. Hard'nibbod, a. having a hard nib or point. Hard'ship, s. injury, oppression, fatigue. Hard'^visaged, a. of a harsh countenance. Hard ware, s. ware made of iron, steel, &o. Hard'wareman, s. a maker of hardware. Har'dy, a. strong, firm ; bold, brave. Haie, s. a well-known swift timid animal. Ha'rebell, s. a bell-shaped blue flower. Ha'rebrained, a. wild, giddy, volatile. Ha'refoot, .y. a bird ; an herb. Ha'rehound, a - , a hound for hunting hares. Ha'rehunting, s. the hunting of hares. Ha'relip, s. a fissure in the upper lip. Ha'relipped, a. having a divided upper lip, Halem, s. a seraglio. Ha're's-ear, s. a wild plant. Ha'rewort, s. a plant. Ha'ricot, s. a ragout of meat and roots. Hariola'tion, *. soothsaying 0* divining. Hark ! interj. hear ! listen ! attend '. Harlequin, s. a buffoon, a merry-andrew. Harlequina'de, s. a feat of buffoonery. Harlot, s. a prostitute. Harlotry, s. the practice of a harlot. Harm, v. to hurt ; to injure ; to damage. Harmat'tan, a\ a dry easterly wind in Africa that destroys vegetation. Har'mel, s. the wild African rue. Harml'ul, a. hurtful, noxious, mischievous. Harm'fully, ad. injuriously, detrimentally. Harm'fulness, s. noxiousness ; injury. Harmless, a. without harm, innocent. Harmlessly, ad. innocently ; without crime; Harinlessness, s. ha;raless disposition. Harmonic, Harmonlcal, a. pertaining to harmony ; adapted to each other. Harmonica, s. a set of musical glasses. Harmonically, ad. musically. Harmonics, s. the doctrine of sounds. Harmo'nious, a. concordant, musical. Harmo'niously, ad. with concord, musically. Harmo'niousness, s. concord ; musicalness. Harlnonist, a. one skilled in harmony. Har'monize, v. to be in concord ; to agree ; to adjust. Har'monizer, s. one who harmonizes. Har'mony, s. concord ; just proportion ot sound ; agreement ; correspondence of sentiments. Har'ness, s. the furniture of a draught-horse ; armour ; warlike accoutrements. Har'ness, v. to put on harness. Harp, s. a musical instrument ; a constella- tion : v. to play on the harp ; to dwell on. Harp'er, Harpist, s. a player on the harp. Harping, s. a continual dwelling on. Harplng-iron, s. a harpoon ; a bearded dart. Har'poon, s, a dart to strike whales with: v. to strike with a harpoon. Harpoon'er, s. he that throws the harpoon. Harp'sichord, s. a harp with wire strings played by striking keys. Har'py, s. in heathen mythology, a rapacious bird or winged monster ; an extortioner. Har'quebuss, s. an arquebuse ; a hand-gun. Harlidan, s. a decayed strumpet. Har'rier, s. a hound for hunting hares. Har'row, *. a frame of timber set with iron teeth, to break clods and cover seed. Har'row, v. to break with the harrow; to tear or rip up ; to pillage, to lay waste. Harlower, s. one who harrows ; also a kind of hawk. Harly, v. to tease, vex, rob, plunder. Harsh, a. austere, rough, rigorous, severe. Harshly, ad. austerely, rigorously. G HAR 122 HE A Harsh'ncss, s. roughness, sourness, seTerity. Hart, s. the male of the roe, a stag. Hart'royal, s>. a species of plant. Harts'horn, s. a spirit drawn from the horns of a hart or stag ; a plant. Hart'wort, s. an umbelliferous plant. Harum-scarum, a. wild, giddy, hair-brained. Har'vest, s. the season of reaping and gather- ing in the corn ; the ripe corn when ga- thered and secured ; the produce of labour ; effects or consequences : v . to gather in. Har'vester, s. one who works at the harvest. HarVest-home, s. the song or feast at the end of harvest. Har'vest-lord, s. the head reaper. Har'vestman, .?. a labourer in harvest. Har'vest-moon, s. that lunation about har- vest time, when the moon at full rises ! nearly at the same hour for several nights. I Ha/vest-queen, s. an image dressed up on | the last reaping-day, to represent Ceres. Hash, v. to mince or chop into small pieces Hash, s. a dish of hashed ingredients. Hasp, *. a clasp folded over a staple. Hasp, v. to shut or fasten with a hasp. Has'sock, s. a mat or cushion to kneel on. Has'tated, a. (in botany) spear-shaped. Haste, Ha'sten, v. to hurry, to urge on. Haste, s. speed, quickness, hurry. Ha'stener, 5. one that hastens. Ha'stily, ad. in a hasty manner. Ha'stiness, s. quickness, warmth of temper. | Ha'stings, s. peas that ripen early. Ha'sty, a. sudden, quick ; rash, vehement. Hastypud'ding, s. milk and flour boiled. Hat, s. a covering for the head. Hat'band, s. a band round the hat. Hat'box, Hat'case, s. a slight box for a hat. Hatch, v. to produce young from eggs ; to plot or contrive ; to shade by lines in en- gravings and drawings. See Hatching. Hatch, s. a brood ; a half-door ; the openings in a ship's deck (hatches). Hatch'el. Another form of the word Hackle. Hatoh'er, s. a contriver, a plotter. Hatch'et, s. a small axe. Hatch'et-face, *. a thin prominent face. Hatching, s. a process in drawing or engrav- ing, whence the usual term etching. Hatch'ment, s. an escutcheon for the dead. Hatch'way, s. the way through the hatches. Hate, v. to detest, to abhor, to abominate. Hate, Ha'tred, s. great dislike, ill-will. Ha'teful, a. malignant, malevolent. Ha'tefully, ad. odiously, abominably. Ha'tefulness, s. odiousness, malignity. Ha'ter, s. one that hates ; an abhorrer. Hat'ter, s. a maker of hats. Hau'berk, s. a coat of mail. Haugh, Haw, s. an enclosure. Hau'ghtily, ad. proudly, contemptuously. Hau'ghtiness, s. pride, arrogance. Hau'ghty, a. proud, lofty, disdainful. Haul, s. a hard pull ; violence in dragging. Haul, v. to pull, to drag by violence. Haulm, Haum, s. the stalk of corn, stubble. Haunch, s. the thigh, the hip, the hind part. Haunch'ed, a. having haunches. Haunt, v. to frequent habitually ; to come as an apparition; to come frequently and unwelcomely. Haunt, s. a place visited frequently au«J habitually. Haunt'ed, p. frequented, followed. Haunt'er, s. a frequenter of any place. Hau'tboy, [Fr.] s. a wind instrument resem- bling a clarionet ; also, a kind of large strawberry. Hauteu'r, [Fr.] s. pride, haughtiness. Haut-gou't, [Fr.] s. a strong relish or scent. Have, v. to possess, enjoy, receive, hold. Ha'ven, s. a harbour, a port, shelter. Ha'vener, s. an overseer of a port. Hav'ersack, s. a kind of coarse bag in which soldiers carry provisions. Having, s. the act of possessing. Hav'oc, s. devastation : v. to lay waste : interj. a word encouraging slaughter. Haw, s. the berry of the hawthorn ; a hesita- tion in the speech : v. to speak hesitat- ingly. Haw'haw, s. a fence or bank sunk between two slopes, not perceived till approached. Hawk, s. a rapacious bird. Hawk, v. to fly hawks at fowls ; to force up phlegm with a noise ; to cry goods. Hawk'ed, p. and a. carried about for sale. Hawk'er, s. a pedlar ; a news-carrier. Hawk'-eyed, a. having a keen eye. Hawking, s. the diversion of flying hawks. Hawk'-nosed, a. having an aquiline nose. Hawk'-weed, s. a kind of plant. Haw'ses, s. two round holes in the bow of a ship, through which the cables pass. Haw'thorn, s. the thorn that bears haws. Hay, s. grass dried in the sun. Hay, *. a kind of dance. Hay'cock, s. a heap of fresh hay. Hay'knife, s. a sharp instrument for cutting hay out of the stack. Hayloft, s. a loft or room for hay. Hay'raaker, s. one employed in making hay. Ha/market, s. a place for the sale of hay. Hay'mow, s. a heap of hay in a barn. Hay'rick, Hay'stack, s. a large cock of hay. Haz'ard, s. chance, danger ; a game at dice. Haz'ard, v. to expose to chance or danger. Haz'ardable, a. liable to chance, dangerous. Hazardous, a. exposed to chance, dangerous. Hazardously, ad. dangerously. Haz'ardry, s. temerity ; precipitation. Haze, s. a thick fog, a mist. Ha'zel, s. the nut-tree. Ha'zel, Ha'zelly, a. light brown, like hazel. Ha'zel-earth, s. a kind of red loam. Ha'zel-nut, s. the fruit of the hazel. Ha'zy, a. foggy, misty, dark. He, pr. the man, the person. Head, s. that part of the body which con- tains the brain; a chief; the top: a. principal or chief : v. to lead on ; to put on a head. Head'ed, a. having a head or top. Head'ache, s. a pain in the head. Head'band, s. a fillet for the head. Head'borough, s. a constable. Head'dress, *. the dress of a woman's head. Head'fast, s. a rope at the head of a vessel to fasten it to any object. Headlncss, s. rashness, stubbornness. Headland, s. a promontory, a cape. Headless, a. wanting a head, inconsiderate HEA Headlong, a. rash, precipitate, thoughtless : ad. with the head foremost, precipitately. Head'man, s. a chief, a leader. Headlnoney, s. a capitation tax. Head'most, a. most advanced, first. Head'piece, s. a helmet ; understanding. Head'ship, s. authority ; the chief place. Head-quar'ters, s. pi. the residence of the prin cipal offi cer or commander of an army. Head'-sea, s. the waves that meet at the head of a ship. Heads'man, s. one who decapitates criminals. Head'spring, s. fountain, source, origin. Head'stall, s. that part of a bridle which goes round the head. Head'stone, s. the chief stone ; a grave-stone. Head'strong, a. ungovernable, unrestrained. Head'-tire, s. attire or dress for the head. Head' way, 5. the motion of advancing at sea ; room for the head to pass. Head'y, a. testy, rash, precipitate. Heal, v. to cure a wound ; to reconcile. Heal'able, a. that may be healed. Heal'er, s. he or that which cures. Heal'ing, p. and a. mild, sanative, gentle. Health, s. freedom from pain or sickness. Health'ful, Health'some, a. free from sick- ness, well disposed, wholesome, salutary. Health'fulness, s. the state of being well. Health'ily, ad. without sickness or pain. Healthiness, s. a state of health; soundness. Health'less, a. sickly, infirm, weak. Health'y, a. free from sickness, in health. Heap, s. a pile, a confused mass. Heap, v. to pile, to accumulate, to heap up. Heap'er, s. one who piles up or amasses. Heap'y, a. lying in heaps. Hear, v. to perceive by the ear, to listen to. Hear'er, s. one who attends to any discourse. Heading, s. the sense by which sounds are perceived ; judicial trial ; audience. Heark'en, v. to listen, to attend, to regard. Heark'ener, s. a listener, one that hearkens. Hearsay, s. report, rumour, common talk. Hearse, s. a close carriage for conveying the dead to the grave. Hearse'cloth, s. a pall or cloth to cover a hearse. Hearse'like, a. suitable to a funeral. Heart, s. the seat of life in an animal body. Heart'ache, s. sorrow, anguish of mind. Heart'-appalling, a. dismaying the heart. Heart'-blood, s. the vital blood of life. Heart'-breaking, a. overpowering with grief. Heart'-broken, a. overpowered with grief. Heart'-burn, s. a burning pain proceeding from an acrid humour in the stomach. Heart'-burning, s. secret discontent. Heart'-dear, a. sincerely beloved. Heart'-ease, s. quiet ; tranquillity. Heart'-easing, a. giving quiet, consoling. Hearten, v. to encourage, to animate, to strengthen. Heart'ener, s. that which animates orstirsup. Heart'felt, a. felt at heart, felt deeply. Hearth, *. the place on which a fire is made. Hearth'-money, s. a tax upon hearths. Heart'ily, ad. sincerely, fully, from the heart. Heartiness, s. sincerity, zeal, eagerness. Heartless, a. spiritless ; without feeling. Heartlessly, *. without courage ; unfeelingly. 123 HED Heart'-rending, a. killing with anguish. HeaTt's'-ease, 5. a plant ; tranquillity. Heart'-sick, a. pained in mind ; mortally ill. Heart'-sore, a. sorrowing at heart. Heart'-strings, s. pi. the tendons or nerves supposed to brace and sustain the heart. Heart'-struck, a. driven to the heart. Heart'-swelling, a. rankling in the mind. Heart'-whole, a. with the affections un- touched ; with the vitals yet unimpaired. Heart'-wounded, a. filled with love or grief. Heart'y, a. healthy, strong, cordial, sincere. Heat, s. the sensation caused by fire or any thing hot ; hot weather ; violent passion ; a course at a race ; a fiush in the face. Heat, v. to make hot ; to warm with pas- sion ; to agitate. Heat'er, s. one who, or that which, heats. Heath, s. a wild shrub ; a place overgrown with heath ; a wild tract of country. Heath'-cock, s. a fowl that frequents heaths. Hea'then, s. a gentile, a pagan, an idolater. Hea'then, Hea'thenish, a. pagan, savage. Hea'thenishness, s. state of the heathens. Hea'thenism, j. paganism, gentilism ; the principles or practices of heathens. Hea'thenize, v. to render heathenish. Heath'er, s. Another word for Heath. Heath'pea, s. a species of bitter vetch Heath'y, a. full or covered with heath. Heave, s. a lift ; an effort to vomit. Heave, v. to lift, to raise ; to pant. Heav'en, s. the regions above ; the expans. of the sky; the residence of the blessed. Hea'ven-born, a. descended from heaven. Hea'ven-direoted, a. raised towards the sky. Hea'ven-gifted, a. bestowed by heaven. Heav'enliness, .v. supreme excellence. Heav'enly, a. supremely excellent, celestial. HeaVen-taught, a. instructed from above. Heav'enward, a. towards heaven, holy. Heav'er, s. one who heaves or lifts. Heavily, ad. with great weight ; sorrowfully. Heaviness, s. weight ; depression of mind. Hea'ving, s. a motion of the heart ; a swell. Heav'y, a. weighty ; dejected, sluggish. Hebdom'adal, Hebdom'adary, a. weekly. Heb'etate, v. to dull, to blunt, to stupify. Hebeta'tion, s. the state of being blunted. Heb'etude, s. bluntness, dulness, obtuseness. Hebraic, a. pertaining to the Hebrew tongue. He'braism, ,? . a Hebrew idiom. He'braist, s. a man skilled in Hebrew. He'brew, a. relating to the Jews. He'brew, s. a Jew ; the Jewish language. Hec'atomb, j. a sacrifice of a hundred cattle. Hec'tic, Hec'tical, a. habitual, constitu. tional ; morbidly hot; feverish. Hec'tic, *. a constitutional or hectio fever. Hec'tor, s. a bully ; a noisy fellow. Hec'tor, v. to vaunt ; to threaten insolently. Hec'torism, 5. the manners of a bully. Hec'torly, a. blustering ; insolent. Hedera'ceous, a. pertaining to ivy. He'deral, s. composed of or belonging to ivy. Hederif'erous, a. producing ivy. Hedge, s. a fence made of thorns, shrubs, &e. Hedge, v. to make a hedge, to enclose ; to hide or skulk ; to bet on both sides at horseraces. Hed'ge-bora, a. meanly born, low. obscure. Q 2 HED 124 HER Hed'gehog, s. a quadruped set with prickles. Hedge-hys'sop, s. a species of willow-wort. Hed'gepig, s. a young hedgehog. Hed'ger, s. one who makes hedges. Hed'gerow, 5. trees planted for enclosures. Hedge-spar'row, s. a small bird that builds in hedges. Hedge-school, s. a school kept behind a hedge ; a low school. Hedg'e-writer, 5. a contemptible author. Hedging, 5. the act of making hedges. Hedg'ing-bill, s. a cutting-hook used in making hedges. Heed, v. to mind, to regard, to attend to. Heed, j. care, caution, seriousness. Heed'ful, a. watchful, cautious, careful. Heed'fully, ad. attentively ; carefully. Heed'fulncss, s. caution, vigilance. Heed'less, a. negligent, inattentive, careless. Heedlessly, ad. carelessly ; inattentively. Heedlessness, s. carelessness, negligence. Heel, s. the hind part of the foot. Heel'piece, v. to mend the heel of a shoe : s. a piece fixed on the heel of a shoe. Heft, s. that by which a thing is lifted or held, a handle. Hegi'ra, s. the epoch of the Turks, reckoned from the day Mahomet fled from Mecca. Heifer, s. a young cow. Heigh'hc ! interj. denoting languor, &c. Height, s. elevation, altitude. Height'en, v. to raise, to improve, to exalt. Height'ening, s. improvement by decorations. Hei'nous, a. very wicked, atrocious. Hei'nously, ad. wickedly, atrociously. Hei'nousness, j. great wickedness. Heir, s. one who inherits by law, a successor. Heir-appa'rent, s. the apparent successor to the throne. Heir'dom, s. succession by inheritance. Heir'ess, s. a female who inherits by law. Heirless, a. having no heir. Heir'loom, s. what descends with a freehold. Heir'ship, s. the state, &c. of an heir. Heli'acal, a. emerging from the lustre of the sun or falling into it. Helical, a. spiral, winding. Hellcite, s. a spiral shelled fossil. Heiiocen'tric, a. as seen from the centre of the sun. Heliotrope, s. the sunflower; a precious stone. Hell, s. the residence of wicked spirits. Hell'-bred, a. produced in hell. Hell'-doomed, a. consigned to hell. Hel'lebore, s. the Christmas flower ; a plant. Hellenic, a. Grecian ; heathen. Hellenism, s. an idiom 01 the Greek. Hellenist, s. one skilled in modern Greek. Hellenis'tic, a. belonging to Greece. Hellenize, v. to use the Greek language. Hell'-hound, s. an agent or dog of hell ; a wretch of the basest kind. Hellish, a. infernal, wicked, sent from hell. Hellishly, ad. infernally, very wickedly Hellishness, s. extreme wickedness; ab- horred qualities. Helm, s. the rudder ; a headpiece. Helm'ed, Hel'meted, a. wearing a helmet. Hel'met, s. covering for the head in war. Helmless, a. without a helm. Helms'man, s. he who manages the rudder Hel'ot, s. a Spartan slave ; a slave. Hel'otism, .?. slavery ; the condition of helots. Help, v. to assist, to support, to aid ; to remedy ; to prevent. Help, s. assistance, remedy, succour, support. Help'er, s. an assistant ; an auxiliary. j Help'ful, a. giving help, assisting, useful. ' Help'fulness, s. assistance ; usefulness. Helpless, a. destitute of help ; irremediable. Helplessly, ad. without ability or succour. Helplessness, s. want of ability or succour. Help'mate, s. a companion, a partner. Hel'ter-skel'ter, ad. confusedly, in a hurry. Helve, j. the handle of an axe. Helvetic, a. of or relating to the Swiss. Hem, s. the edge of a garment folded down and sewed : v. to form a hem ; to shut in. Hem ! interj. a sort of voluntary half cough : v. to utter hems. Henilcrany, s. a pain that affects only one part of the head at a time. Hemisphere, s. the half of a globe. Hemispheric, Hemispheri'cal, a. half round. Hemistich, s. half a poetic verse. Hemltone, s. a semitone, a half tone. Hemlock, s. a narcotic plant used in physie. Hem'orrhage, s. a violent flux of blood. Hemorrhoidal, a. pertaining to the hemor- rhoids or piles. Hem'orrhoids, s. pi. the piles, the emerods. Hemp, s. a plant of which ropes are made. Hemp'en, a. made of hemp. Hen, s. the female of any land fowl. Hen'bane, s. a poisonous plant. Hence, ad. from this place, time, or cause. Hence ! interj. go hence ! begone ! Hence fo'rth, Hencefor'ward, ad. from this time forward. Hench'man, s. a page, an attendant. Hen'coop, *. a cage in which poultry are kept and fattened. Hendecasyllable, s. a line of eleven syllables. Hen'hearted, a. cowardly, dastardly. Hen'house, s. a place for sheltering poultry. Hen'na, *. a powder which some orientals use to dye their nails of a gold color. Hen'pecked, a. governed by a wife. Hen'roost, J. a place where poultry rest. Hepatic, Hepatlcal, a. belonging or relating to the liver. Hep'tachord, s. a musical instrument of seven strings. Heplagon, s. a figure having seven angles and sides. Heptag'onal, a. having seven angles or sides. Heptan'drian, a. having seven stamens. Heptan'gular, a. having seven angles. Hep'tarchy, s. a sevenfold government. Her, pron. belonging to a female. Her'ald, s. an officer whose duty is to carry messages between princes, and to regulate all matters at public ceremonies ; a pro« claimer, a harbinger. Her'ald, v. to introduce as by a herald. Heral'dic, a. relating to heraldry. Her'aldry, s. the art or office of a herald. Herb, s. a plant, chiefly of the esculent kind, Herba'ceous, a. relating to herbs. Herb'age, s. pasture, grass ; herbs in general. I Herb'aged, a. covered with grass. Herb'al, s a treatise or book of plants. HER 125 HID Herb'al, a. pertaining to herbs. Herb'alist, J. one skilled in herbs. Herba'rium. s. a hortus-siccus ; a herbary. Herb'ary, s. a garden of herbs. Herbes'cent, a. growing into herbs. Herb'id, a. covered -with herbs. Herblle, a. belonging to herbs. Herbiv'erous, a. bearing or producing herbs. Herb'less, a. having no herbs ; bare. Herb'orist, s. one curious in herbs. Herboriza'tion, s. the appearance of plants in mineral substances. Herb'orize, v. to search for plants. Herb'ous, a. abounding with herbs. Herb'ulent, a. containing herbs. Herb'-woman, s. a woman that sells herbs. Herb'y, a. having the nature of herbs. Hercu'lean, a. very strong ; difficult. Herd, s. a flock, a drove, a company. Herd, v. to run in herds ; to associate. Herds'man, s. one employed in tending herds ; an owner of cattle. Here, ad. in this place or state. He'reabouts, ad. about this place. Hereafter, ad. in time to come : s. a future state of being. Hereat', ad. at this, hereupon, at this fact, &c. Hereby', ad. by this ; by these means. Hered'itable, a. that may bo inherited. Hereditament, s. an inheritance. Hered'itary, a. descending by inheritance. Herein', Herein'to, ad. in or into this. Hereof, ad. of, from, or by means of this. Hereon', Hereupon', ad. on or upon this. Her'esiarch, s. a leader in heresy. Her'esiarchy, j. chief heresy. Hefesy, s. a fundamental error in religion. Her'etic, s. one who propagates erroneous opinions in religion. Heret'ical, a. relating to heresy. Heret'ically, ad. in a heretical manner. Hereto', Hereun'to, ad. to this ; unto this. Heretofo're, ad. formerly, anciently. Herewith', ad. with this. Hereditably, ad. by right of descent. Hereditarily, ad. by inheritance. Herlot, s. a fine paid to the lord of the manor at the death of a landholder. Her'iotable, a. liable to pay heriots. Heritable, ad. capable of inheriting. Heritage, s. inheritance ; an estate. Hermaph'roditc, s. an animal or plant unit- ing the characteristics of both sexes. Hermaphrodit'ical, a. of double sex. Hermeneu'tic, a. interpreting, explaining ',in allusion to Hermes or Mercury). Hermetic, Hermetlcal, a. chemical, (in allusion to Hermes or Mercury, the fabled inventor of chemistry.) A hermetic seal is one that is perfectly close. Hermetically, ad. chemically; closely. Hcf mit, s. a solitary person ; a recluse. Hefmitnge, s. a hermit's cell : a French wine. Hefmitary, s. a religious cell. Hefmitess, 5. a female recluse or hermit. Hermitlcal, a. suitable to a hermit. Her'nia, s. rupture ; unnatural protrusion. He'ro, s. a brave man, a great warrior. Heroic, a. becoming a hero, brave, magna- nimous. Heroic verse is that in vhich heroic deeds are usually celebrated. Hero'ical, a. befitting a hero, brave. Heroically, ad. bravely, courageously. Heroi'-comic, a. consisting of a mixture of the heroic and the ludicrous. Her'ome, .?. a female hero. Her'oism, s. the qualities of a hero. Her'onry, s. a place where herons breed. Hefpes, s. a cutaneous eruption. Herpetic, a. troubled with herpes. Her'ring, s. a small sea fish. Herse, s. a kind of portcullis. Herslllon, s. a plank set with spikes or nails. Hesitancy, s. uncertainty ; suspense. Hesitate, v. to pause, to delay, to doubt. Hesitatingly, ad. with doubt or hesitation. Hesita'tion, s. doubt ; stammering. Hesitative, a. showing hesitation. Hespe'rian, a. situated in the west ; western. Hester'nal, a. pertaining to yesterday. Hetero"cii, s. pi. the inhabitants of the earth whose shadows at noon fall either north- ward or southward (that is, the inhabitants of the temperate zones.) Het'eroclites, s. pi. in grammar, all nouns which vary in their gender or declension. Het'erodox, a. deviating from the established church opinions ; not orthodox. Het'erodoxy, s. erroneous doctrine. Hef erogene, a. not of the same kind. Heteroge'neal, Heteroge'neous, a. of a differ- ent kind ; dissimilar. Heteroge'neousness, Heterogeneity, s. dis- similitude in nature ; contrariety of parts. Heteros'cian, a. having the shadow at noon falling one way only. See Ascii. Hew, v. to cut with an axe, to chop, to hack. Hew'er, j. one who hews. Hex'achord, s. (in music) a concord, a sixth. Hex'ade, s. a series of six numbers. Hex'agon, s. a figure of six angles and sides. Hexag'onal, a. having six sides and angles. Hexameter, s. a verse of six metrical feet. Hexamet'rical, a. consisting of hexameters Hexan'gular, a. having six angles. Hexas'tich, s. a poem of six lines. Hex'astyle, s. a building with six columns. Hey ! interj. a word expressive of joy. Hey'day ! interj. expression of exultation. Hia'tion, s. the act of gaping. Hia'tus, s. a gap, a chasm, an opening. Hiber'nate, v. to sleep through the winter. Hiber'nal, a. belonging to the winter. Hiber'nian, s. an Irishman: a. Irish. Hiber'nicism. s. an Irish idiom. Hic'cius-doc'cius, s. a cant term for a juggler. Hic'cup, Hic'cough, Hick'up, s. a convulsive or spasmodic affection of the stomach: v. to utter a hiccough. Hick'ory, s. a species of walnut-tree. Hidal'go, s. a Spaniard of noble birth. Hid'den, a. secret ; mysterious ; unseen. Hide, v. to conceal, to cover, to lie hid. Hide, J. the skin of an animal ; a certain quantity of land, about 80 acres. Hi'debound, a. having the skin adhering too tightly to the flesh ; niggardly. Hid'eous, a. horrible, dreadful, frightful. Hid'eously, ad. horribly, frightfully. Hid'eousness. s. frightfulness to the eye. Hi'der, 5. one who hides or conceals. Hi'ding-place, s. a place of concealment. HIE 126 Hie, v. to hasten, to go quickly. Hi'erareh, s. the chief of a sacred order. Hierar'chal, Hierarch'ical, a. belonging to sacred or ecclesiastical government. Hierarchy, s. an ecclesiastical government. Hi'eroglyph, s. a sacred or mystical symbol. Hieroglyph'ics, s. pi. the symbolical charac- ters used by the ancient Egyptians. Hieroglyph'ic.Hieroglyph'icaha. emblematic. Hieroglyph'ically, ad. emblematically. Hi'erograin, s. a kind of sacred writing. Hierogrammat'ic, a. denoting a kind of sacred writing used by Egyptian priests. Hierograni'matist, s. a writer of hierograms. Hierog'raphy, s. sacred or holy writings. Hi'erophant, s. an instructor in religious rites ; a priest. Hig'gle, v. to use many words in bargaining; to chaffer ; to hawk about. Hig'gler, s. one who higgles. High, a. elevated, proud, great, exorbitant. High'-born, a. of noble extraction. High'-fiier, s. one extravagant in opinion. High'-flown, a. elevated, turgid, bombastic. High'land, s. a mountainous country. Highlander, s. a mountaineer. High'ly, ad. in a great degree : arrogantly. High'-mettled, a. proud or ardent of spirit. High-mind'ed, a. magnanimous ; proud. High'ness, 5. dignity of nature ; a title. High-sea'soned, a. hot to the taste. High-spir'ited, a. bold, daring, insolent. Hight, v . named, is or was named. High'-wrought, a. accurately finished. High'- water, s. when the tide is at the highest. Highway', s. a great road, a public path. High'waymaD, s. a robber on the highway. Hila'rious, a. given to hilarity. Hilar'ity, s. gayety, mirth, cheerfulness. Hil'ary, s. the term that begins in January. Hil'ding, s. a mean cowardly wretch. Hill, 5. elevation of ground, an eminence. Hillock, s. a small hill. Hil'ly, a. full of hills, unequal in surface. Hilt, s. the handle of a sword. Hilt'ed, a. having a hilt or handle. Him, pron. the objective case of he. Hind, s. a she stag ; a boor, a peasant. Hind. Hi'nder, a. backward. Hin'd'er, v. to obstruct, to stop, to impede. Hin'derance, Hindrance, s. an impediment. Hin'derer, s. one who hinders or obstructs. Hi'ndermost, Hi'ndmost, a. the last. Hindoo', s. a native of Hindostan. Hinge, s. a joint on which a door turns ; a governing rule or principle : v. to furnish with hinges ; to turn upon. Hint, v. to allude to ; to bring to mind. Hint, s. a remote suggestion, an intimation. Hip, s. the joint of the thigh ; the haunch ; the fruit of the brier or dog-rose. Hip ! interj. an exclamation requiring silence and attention. Hip'ped, a. melancholy ; hypochondriacal. Hip'pish, a. hypochondriac, low in spirits. Hip'pocamp, s. the sea horse. Hip'pocrass, s. a medicated wine. Hip'podrome, s. a course for chariot-races. Hip'pogriff, s. a winged or fabulous horse. Hippopot'amus, .?. the river horse ; an animal found in the Nile. HOE Hip'roof, s. a roof that has an angle. Hip'shot, a. sprained in the hip. Hire, v. to engage for pay : s. wages. Hi'reless, a. without hire ; not rewarded. Hireling, 5. one who serves for wages ; a mercenary: a. venal, mercenary. Hi'rer, s. one who hires or procures. Hirsu'te, a. rough ; of coarse manners. Hirsu'teness, s, hairiness ; shagginess. His'ped, a. rough, bristly, shaggy. Hiss, v. to cry like a serpent ; to condemn by hisses : s. a hissing noise. Hiss'ing, .?. the noise of hisses. His'singly, ad. with a hissing sound. Hist ! interj. hush ! silence ! Histo'rian, s. a writer of histories. Historic, Historical, a. pertaining to history. Historically, ad. in the manner of history. Historiographer, s. a writer of history. His'tory, s. a narration of past events. Histrionic, a. befitting a stage or player. His'trionism, s. theatrical representation. Kit, v. to strike, to clash, to reach. Hit, s. a stroke ; a lucky chance. Hitch, v. to catch, to move by jerks. Hitch, s. a kind of knot or noose. Hithe, s. a small haven for boats. Hith'er, ad. to this place : a. nearer. Hith'ermost, a. nearest on this side. Hith'erto, ad. to this time ; yet ; till now. Hith'erward, Hith'orwards, ad. this way. Hive, s. a place for bees ; a swarm of bees. Hive, v. to collect into hives ; to take sheltei together ; to collect in company. Hi'ver, s. one who collects bees in a hive. Ho ! interj. stop, cease, enough, attend. Hoard, s. a hidden stock ; a treasure. Hoard, v. to amass or lay up secretly. Hoard'er, s. one that stores up in secret. Hoar'frost, s. frozen dew ; a white frost. Hoar'hound, s. a bitter medicinal plant. Hoar'iness, s. the state of being hoary. Hoarse, a. having a rough deep voice. Hoar'sely, ad. with a rough harsh voice. Hoar'seness, 5. roughness of voice. Hoar, Hoa ry, a. gray with age, whitish. Hoax, s. an imposition, a deception. Hoax, v. to deceive ; to impose upon. Hob, s. the nave of a wheel ; the side of a grate ; a clown ; a fairy. Plob'ble, s. an awkward gait ; a dilemma. Hob'ble, v. to walk lamely or awkwardly. Hob'bledehoy, 5. a burlesque word for a boy at the age of puberty. Hob'by, s. a species of hawk. Hob'by, s. a nag or riding horse ; a favoritn object or pursuit ; a whim. Hob'by-horse, s. a wooden horse ; a play- thing ; a favorite pursuit or amusement. Hob'goblin, s. a sprite, a fairy, an apparition. Hob'nail, s. a nail used in shoeing horses. Hob'nob, s. take or not take ; a familiar in- vitation to reciprocal drinking. Hock, s. the small end of a gammon of bacon ; a sort of Rhenish wine. See Hough. Ho'cus-po'cus, s. a juggler, a cheat. Hod, s. a bricklayer's trough or tray. Hodier'nal, a. of or relating to to-day. Hod'man, s. a labourer that carries a hod. Hoe, s. a garden-tool for weeds, &c. Hoe, v. to cut or dig with a hoe. HOG V27 HOP Hog, s. the general name of swine. Hog'cot, Hog'sty, s. a house for hogs. Hog'get, s. a sheep two years old. Hog'gish, a. like a hog, brutish, greedy. Hog'gishly, ad. greedily; brutishly. Hog'gishness, s. brutality ; greediness. Hog'herd, s. a keeper of hogs. Ho'go, s. (corrupted from the French haut gout) nigh flavor ; strong scent. Hog'shead, s. a measure of 63 gallons. HogVash, s. draff which is given to swine. Hoi'den, s. an awkward country girl. Hoi'den, a. rustic; inelegant; untaught. Hoist, s. a lift ; the act of raising up. Hoist, v. to raise up on high. Hold, v. to keep, to have within, to detain. Hold, s. a support ; custody ; power. Hold ! int. stop ! forbear ! be still ! Ho'lder, s. one who holds any thing. Ho'ldfast, s. an iron hook, a catch. Ho'lding, s. tenure or farm ; hold, influence. Hole, s. a hollow place; a mean habitation ; a rent in a garment ; a subterfuge. Hole, v. to form a hole ; to excavate. Hol'iday, s. a holy day ; an anniversary feast ; a day of rest and joy : a. befitting a holiday. Ho'lily, ad. piously, religiously, inviolably. Ho'liness, s. sanctity ; the Pope's title. Hol'la, Hollo', int. stop, attend : s. a shout. Hol'land, j. a fine linen made in Holland. Hollander, 5. an inhabitant of Holland. Hol'lands, s. a term for gin made in Holland. Hol'low, a. having a void within ; deceitful. Hol'low, s. a cavity, a hole, an opening. Hol'low, v. to make hollow ; to excavate. Hol'low-hearted, a. dishonest ; insincere. Hol'lowness, s. the state of being hollow. Hol'ly, s. a tree ; an evergreen shrub. Hollyhock, s. the rose-mallow. Holm, s. a river island ; the evergreen oak. Hol'ocaust, s. a burnt sacrifice. Ho'lster, s. a case for a horseman's pistols. Holt, s. a hill ; a wood ; a forest. Ho'ly, a. pure, religious, sacred, immaculate. Ho'ly-cross Day, s. the 14th of September. Hol'yday, s. See Holiday. Ho'ly-Ghost, s. the Third Person of the Divine Trinity. Ho'ly-One, s. one of the appellations of God. Ho'ly-rood Day, s. the same as Holy-cross. Ho'ly-Thursday, s. the day on which the as- cension of our Saviour is commemorated. Ho'ly-week, s. the week before Easter. Hom'age, s. duty, fealty, respect, service. Hom'age, v. to do homage to. Hom'ageable, a. subject to homage. Home, s. a place of constant residence. Ho'meborn, a. native ; natural ; domestic. Ho'mebred, a. native, plain, artless. Ho'mefelt, a. inward ; private. Ho'meless, a. destitute of a home. Ho'meliness, s. plainness, coarseness. Ho'mely, a. not elegant, coarse. Ho'memade, a. made at home ; plain. Ho'mer, $. a Jewish measure. Ho'mespun, a. plain ; coarse ; rude ; homely. Ho'mestall, Ho'mestead, s. the place of the house, and sometimes including a small portion of land adjoining. Ho'meward. Ho'rnewards, ad. towards home. Ho'meward-bound, a. destined for home. Hom'icidal, a. murderous, bloody. Hom'icidc, s. murder ; a murderer. Homilet'ical, a. social, conversable. Hom'ilist, J. one who preaches homilies. Hom'ily, s. a discourse read in churches. Homoge'neous, a. of the same nature. Homogene'ity, Homoge'neousness, s. having the same nature or principles. Homol'ogous, a. of the same manner or pro- portion, proportional. Hom'onyme, $. a word or expression resem- bling another in sound, but not in sense. Homon'ymous, a. equivocal, ambiguous. Homon'ymously, ad. in an equivocal manner ; ambiguously. Homon'ymy, s. equivocation ; ambiguity. Homoph'ony, s. similarity of sound. Homot'onous, a. equable, correspondent. Hone, s. a stone to whet razors, &c. on. Hon'est, a. sincere, upright, chaste, just, true. Hon'estly, ad. uprightly, justly, sincerely. Hon'esty, s. justice, truth, purity, virtue. Hon'ey, s. the sweet concoction of bees. Hon'eybag, s. the stomach of a bee. Hon'eycomb, s. cells of wax for honey. Hon'eydew, s. a sweet dew on plants. Hon'eyed, a. covered with honey. Hon'eyless, a. free from honey, empty. Hon'ey-locust, s. the three-horned acacia. Hon'ey-moon, s. first month after marriage. Hon'ey-mouthed,a. flattering ; using honeyed words ; insincere. Hon'eysuckle, s. an odoriferous woodbine. Hon'ey-tongued, a. using soft speech. Hon'ey-wort, s. a kind of plant. Hon'orary, a. done or instituted in honor. Honorific, a. bringing honor. Hon'or, s. dignity, reputation, virtue. Hon'or, v. to reverence, to dignify, to exalt. Hon'orable, a. illustrious, generous, equit- able ; conferring honor. Hon'orableness, s. state of being honorable. Hon'orably, ad. reputably, nobly. Hon'orer, s. one that honors or reveres. Hon'orless, a. void of honor ; not honored. Hood, s. an upper covering for the head. Hood'wink, v. to blind, to hide, to deceive. Hoof, s. the horny substance that covers the feet of certain animals. Hoof'bound, a. contracted in the hoof. Hoofed, a. furnished with hoofs. Hook, s. a bent piece of iron, wood, &c. Hook, v. to catch, to ensnare ; to bend. Hookah, s. a smoking-pipe of complicated construction used in the East. Hook'ed, a. bent, curvated. Hook'edness, s. the being bent like a hook. Hook'er, s. that which catches as with a hook ; a Dutch-like vessel. Hook'nosed, a. having an aquiline nose. Hoo'le, J. a great festival in India. Hoop, s. any thing circular. Hoop. See Whoop. Hoop, v. to bind with hoops ; to encircle. Hoop'er, s. a cooper ; one that hoops tubs. Hoop'ing-cough, s. a convulsive cough. Hoop'oo, s. a bird with a tufted crest. Hoot, s. a shout of contempt : v. to shout. Hoofing, s. a continued shouting. Hop, s. a plant ; a jump, a mean dance. HOP HOT Hop, v. to leap on one leg, to walk lamely. Hop'-bind, s. the stem of the hop. Hope, s. confidence in a future event. Hope, v. to expect with desire. Ho'peful, a. full of expectation, promising. Ho'pefully, ad. with hope ; without despair. Ho'pefulness, s. promise of good. Ho'peless, a. bereft of hope ; abandoned. Plo'pelessly, ad. without hope ; despairingly. Hop'-garden, s. a garden planted with hops. Hop'-ground, s. ground set apart for hops. Hop'per, s. a part of a mill ; a basket. Hop'-picker, s. one who gathers the ripe hops. Ho'ral, Ho'rary, a. relating to an hour. Horde, s. a clan, a migratory crew. Hori'zon, s. the circle bounding the view of the observer by the apparent meeting of the earth and sky. Horizontal , a. near the horizon ; level with it. Horizon 'tally, ad. in a horizontal direction. Horn, s. the hard pointed substance which grows on the heads of some quadrupeds ; a wind instrument of music ; a drinking cup. Horn, v. to bestow horns upon. Horn'fish, s. the garfish. Ilorn'blend, s. a mineral of several varieties. Horn'book, s. the first book for children. Horn'ed, a. furnished with horns. Hor'ner, s. one who deals in horns. Hor'net, s. a large stinging fly. Hom'ing, s. the appearance of the moon when she assumes a crescent form. Horn'less, a. having no horns. Horn'owl, s. a species of the owl. Horn'pipe, s. a kind of single dance. Horn'slate, s. a gray siliceous stone. Horn'stone, 5. a kind of blue stone. Horn'work, 5. a kind of angular fortification. Horn'y, a. made of horns, callous, hard. Horog'raphy, s. an account of the hours. Hor'ologe, s. an instrument denoting time. Horol'ogy, s. the art of measuring time. Horomet'rical, a. relating to horometry. Horom'etry, s. the art of measuring hours. Hor'oseope, s. the configuration of the planets at the hour of a person's birth. Horos'copy, s. the art of predicting future events by the planetary bodies. Hor'rent, a. bristled ; pointing outward. Hor'rible, a. dreadful, shocking, terrible. Hor'ribleness, s. dreadfulness ; hideousness. Hor'ribly, ad. dreadfully, hideously. Hor'rid, a. hideous, enormous. Hor'ridly, ad. hideously, shockingly. Horrific, a. causing horror or dread. Horris'onous, a. sounding dreadfully. Hor'ror, s. terror mixed with detestation. Horse, s. an animal ; a kind of wooden frame. Horse, v. to mount on a horse ; to furnish or supply with a horse or horses. Hor'seback, s. the seat or state of riding. Hor'sebean, s. a small kind of bean. Housebreaker, s. one who tames horses. Hor'se-chestnut, s. a tree and its fruit. Hor'sedealer, s. one who buys and sells horses. Hor'sedrench, s. a dose of physic for a horse. Hor'sefiesh, s. the flesh of horses. Hor'sefly, s. a large fly that stings horses. Hor'se-Guards, s. pi. a body of cavalry form- ing the king's guard. Hor'sehair, s. the hair of horses. Housekeeper, s. one who takes care of horses. Hor'selaugh, s. aloud, rude laugh, Hor'seleech, s. a large leech; a farrier. Hor'se-litter, s. a carriage fixed on poles, and borne between two horses. Hor'seload, s. as much as a horse can carry. Hor'seman, s. one skilled in riding. Horsemanship, j. the art of riding. Horsemarten, s. a large kind of bee. Hor'semeat, s. provender for horses. Hor'semill, j. a mill turned by a horse. Hor'semint, s. a large coarse kind of mint. Hor'sepath, s. a path for horses. Hor'seplay, s. rough play, rudeness. Hor'sepond, s. a pond to water horses at. Hor'serace, s. a match of horses in running. Horseradish, s. a root of a pungent taste. Hor'seroad, s. theroad forhorsesand vehicles. Hor'seshoe, s. a shoe for horses ; an herb. Horsestealer, s. a thief who steals horses. Hor'seway, s. a broad way for horses to travel. Hor'sewhip, *. a whip to strike a horse with : v. to strike or lash with a horsewhip. Hor'seworm, ,?. a worm that breeds in horses. Horta'tion, s. the act of exhorting ; advice. Hor'tative, s. exhortation : a. tending to ex- hort, encouraging. Hor'tatory, a. encouraging ; animating. Horten'sial, a. fit for a garden. Horticultural, a. relating to gardening. Horticulture, s. art of cultivating gardens. Horticulturist, s. one skilled in gardening. Hor'tulan, a. belonging to a garden. Hor'tus-siccus, [Lat.] s. a collection of dried plants, literally, a dry garden. Hosan'na, s. an exclamation of praise to God. Hose, s. stockings ; covering for the legs. Ho'sier, s. one who makes or sells stockings. Ho'siery, s. stockings, socks, &c. Hos'pitable, a. kind to strangers, friendly. Hos'pitably, ad. in a hospitable manner. Hos'pital, s. areceptacle for the sick and poor. Hospital'ity, s. the practice of entertaining strangers ; liberality in entertainments. Hos'pitaller, s. a knight of a religious order, whose duty was to relieve the stranger, the poor, and the sick. Hos'pitate, v. to reside as a guest. Host, s. a landlord ; an army ; a number ; the sacrifice of the mass. Hos'tage, s. a person left as a pledge for securing the performance cf a condition. Ho'stess, s. a female host, a landlady. Hos'tile, a. adverse, opposite ; warlike. Hos'tilely, ad. in a hostile manner. Hostility, s. open war, a state of warfare. Hos'tler, s. the manager of horses at an inn, Hos'tlery, Host'clry, Hos'try, s. an inn. Hot, a. having heat, fiery, eager, lustful. Hot'bed, s. a bed of earth made hot by the fern.entation of dung and manure. Hot'brained, a. violent, rash, precipitate. Hotch'potch, s. a dish of mingled ingredients. Hot'cockles, s. a species of childish play. Hotel', ,?. a genteel public lodging-house. Hot'headed, a. passionate, violent. Hot'house, s. a building contrived for ripen- ing exotics, &c., by means of heat. Hot'ly, ad. ardently, vehemently. Hot'spur, s. a vioient precipitate man ; a pea. Hot'spurred, a. vehement ; headstrong. HOT 129 HUN Hot'tentot, s. a savage inhabitant of Africa ; a rude, brutish man. Hou'dah, s. a seat to fix on a camei's back. Hough, s. the lower part of the thigh. Hough, v. to hamstring, to cut up. Hound, s. a dog that hunts by scent. Hound'fish, s. a fish, the Galeus Isevis. Hour, s. the 24th part of a day, 60 minutes. Hou'ri, *. a Mahometan nymph of paradise. Hour'ly, a. done every hour ; frequent. Hour'glass, s. a glass filled with sand for the purpose of measuring time. Hour'ly, ad. every hour ; frequently. Hour'plate, s. the dial of a clock, &c. House, s. a place of human abode. House, v. to put under shelter, to harbour. Hous'ebreaker, s. one who forcibly enters a house for the purpose of robbing ; a burglar. Housebreaking, s. burglary or bouse robbing. Hous'edog, s. a dog kept to guard a house. Hous'ehold, s. a family living together. Hous'eholder, s. the master of a house. Hous'eholdstuff, s. furniture, goods, utensils. Hous'ekeeper, s. a superintending female servant ; one who keeps a house. Housekeeping, s. domestic management. Hou'sel, 5. the holy eucharist. Hou'sel, v. to give or receive the eucharist. Hous'elamb, s. a lamb fatted in the house. Hous'eleek, s. a kind of plant. Hous'eless, a. destitute of a habitation. Hous'emaid, s. a female servant. Hous'eroom, s. room or place in a house. Hous'ewarming, s. a feast usual on taking possession of a house. Hous'ewife, s. a female economist. Hous'ewifery, 5. frugality in domestic affairs. Hous'ings, s. pi. military ornamental cover- ings for the chargers of officers. Hove. See Heave. Ho/el, s. a shed, a shelter for cattle. Hover, s. to hang fluttering overhead; s. a protection or shelter by hanging over. How, ad. in what manner or degree. Howbe'it, ad. nevertheless, notwithstanding. However, ad. notwithstanding ; yet, at least. How'itz, How'itzer, s. a kind of bomb or mortar for throwing shells. Howl, s. the cry of a wolf or dog. Howl. v. to utter cries in distress as a dog. Howl'et, s. a fowl of the owl kind. Howl'ing, s. the noise of a dog, &c. Howsoev'er, ad. in whatever manner. Hoy, s. a coasting vessel, a small ship. Hub'bub, s. a tumult, confusion, great noise. Huck'aback, s. a kind of figured linen. Huck'lebacked, a. ci-ooked in the shoulders. Huc'klebone, s. the hip bone. Huck'ster, s. a retailer of small wares. Hud'dle, s. a crowd ; tumult; confusion. Hud'dle, v. to do a thing in a flurry ; to crowd together in a confused manner. Hud'dler, J. one who huddles, a bungler. Hudibras'tic, a. doggerel, like Hudibras. Hue, s. shade of color, tint ; a shouting after, as " a hue and cry." Huff, s. a swell of sudden anger. Huff, v. to chide with insolence. Huff er, s. a blusterer, a bully. Huffish, Huif'y, a. arrogant; swelled with anger; petulant. Huff ishn ess, J. petulance ; arrogance. Hug, s. a close embrace ; a gripe in wrestling Hug, v. to embrace fondly, to hold fast. Huge, a. vast, immense, large, enormous. Hu'gely, ad. immensely, greatly, very much. Hu'geness, s. enormous bulk ; greatness. Hu'guenot, s. a French protestant. Hulk, s. the body of a ship ; a clown. Hulks, s. old vessels where convicts are kept. Hulk'y, a. bulky ; heavy ; unwieldy. Hull, 5. the body of a ship ; a shell or husli . Hull, v. to float; to strip off the hulls. Hull'y, a. having husks or pods. Hul'ver, s. the holly, a tree. Hum, Humming, s. the sound of bees ; a low dull sound. Hum, v. to buzz like bees ; to sing low. Hum ! int. a sound implying doubt and deliberation. Hu'man, a. belonging to man. Huma'ne, a. kind, good-natured, tender. Huma'nely, ad. with kindness or compassion. Hu'manist, s. one versed in human nature. Human'ity, s. the nature of man ; mankind ; benevolence ; philology. Hu'manize, v. to render humane. Hu'mankind, s. the race of man. Hu'manly, ad. after the manner of men. Hum'ble, a. modest, submissive. Hum'ble, v. to make humble ; to subdue. Hum'blebee, s. a large humming or buzzing wild bee, without a sting. Hunfbleness, s. humility ; absence of pride. Hum'bler, s. one that humbles himself or others : a. more humble. Hum'bling, s. humiliation ; abatement or lowering of pride. Hum'bly, ad. submissively, lowly. Hum'bug, s. an imposition ; a cheat ; a paltry fellow : v. to impose upon. Hum'drum, s. a stupid person : a. dull. Humecta'tion, J. a moistening or wetting. Humec'tive, a. having the power to moisten. Hu'meral, a. belonging to the shoulder. Hun/hum, s. a coarse kind of India cloth. Hu'mid, a. wet, moist, watery, damp. Humid'ity, s. moisture, dampness. Humil'iate, v. to humble, to bring low. Humiliation, s. the act of humiliating. Humil'ity, s. freedom from pride, modesty. Hum'mer, s. that which hums ; an applauder. Hum'ming, s. the noise of bees or flies. Hum'mingbird, s. the smallest of all birds. Hum'mock, s. a little hill ; rising ground. Hum'muck, s. a large and elevated mass of ice. Hum'mums, s. vapor baths ; hot baths. Hu'moral, a. proceeding from the humors. Hu'morist, s. one who gratifies his humor. Hu'morous, «. jocular, whimsical, pleasant. Hu'morously, ad. merrily ; capriciously. \ Hu'morsome, a. peevish ; petulant; humor- ous ; odd ; jocular. Hu'mor, s. moisture ; whim, jocularity. Hu'mor, v. to soothe, to indulge. Hump'back, s. a crooked Lack. Hump'backed, a. deformed in the back. Hunch, v. to jostle ; to crook the back. Hun'dred, 6-. ten multiplied by ten; a divi- sion of a shire or county. Hun'dredth, a. the ordinal of a hundred. I Hung. See Hang. G 3 HUN 130 HYP Hun gary-water, s. a water distilled from rosemary flowers. Hun'ger, f. a desire of food ; violent desire. Hun'ger, v. to feel the pain of hunger. Kun'ger-bitten, a. pinched by hunger. Hun'gerly, a. wanting food or nourishment. Hun'gred', a. pinched by want of food. Hun'gTily, ad. with keen appetite. Hun'gry, a. in want of food. H unks, s. a covetous sordid wretch, a miser. H unt, v. to chase, to pursue, to search for. H unt, s. a. chase, a pursuit. Kunt'er, s. one who chases animals. Hunt'ing, s. the diversion of the chase. Hunt'ing-horn, s. a bugle ; a horn used to cheer the hounds. Hunt'ress, s. a woman that follows the chase. Huu'tsman, s. one who manages the hounds ; one who delights in hunting. Hunts'manship, s. qualifications of a hunter. Hur'den, s. a coarse kind of linen. Eiur'dle, s. sticks woven together for various uses ; a crate ; a sort of sledge. Hur'dle, v. to hedge in or close with hurdles. Hurds, s. the refuse of hemp or flax. Hu/dy-gurdy, s. a stringed instrument. Hurl, v. to throw with violence. Hurl'bat, s. whirlbat, an old kind of weapon. Hurl'er, s. one who throws or hurls. Hur'ly-bur'ly, s. a bustle, tumult, confusion. Hurra', Hurrah', int. a shout of triumph. Hu/ricane, s. a violent storm, a tempest. Hurry, v. to hasten, to move with haste. Hur'ry, s. precipitation, haste ; a tumult. Hur'ry-skurry, ad. confusedly, in a bustle. Hurst, Hyrst, s. a small wood ; a thicket. Hurt, s. harm, mischief ; wound or bruise. Hurt, v. to injure, to wound, to harm. Hurt'ful, a. pernicious, mischievous. Hurt'fully, ad. mischievously ; perniciously. Hurt'fulness, s. the quality of being hurtful. Hur'tle, v. to clash ; to push violently. Hur'tleberry, s. the whortleberry. Hurt'less, a. harmless, innocent, innoxious. Hus'band, s. a married man ; an economist, Hus'band, v. to manage frugally ; to till. Hus'bandless, a. not having a husband. Hus'banclman, s. one who works in tillage. Hus'bandry, 5. tillage; thrift, care, frugality. Hush, v. to still, to suppress, to appease. Hush, a. silent, still : v. to make silent. Hush'money, *. a bribe to induce secrecy. Husk, s. the outward integument of fruits : v. to strip off the husk. Hush ! int. silence ! be still ! Husk'ed, a. bearing a husk. Husk'iness, s. hoarseness; the quality or state of being husky. Husk'y, a. abounding in husks ; rough. Hussar', s. a kind of horse soldier. Hus'sy, s. a worthless or bad woman. Hustings, s. a court or place of meeting for the purpose of electing a member of Par- liament; a temporary erection. Kuy'rle, v. to crowd or push against. Hut, S. a poor cottage ; a mean abode. Hutch, s. a chest ; a box or case. Huzza', s. a shout of joy or triumph : v. to utter acclamation : int. hurra ! Hyacinth, s. a flower : a color. Byacin'thian, s. resembling the hyacinth. Hyacin'thine, a. like hyacinths. j Hy'ades, [Gr.] s.pl. the seven stars. j Hy'aline, a. glassy, crystalline, clear. | Hy'alite, s. a kind of glassy stone. Hy'brid, a. mongrel; of different species: s. an animal or plant produced from a mix- ture of species, a mongrel. Hy'bridous, a. of a mixed breed, mongrel. Hy'datid, s. a vesicle or small bladder. Hy'dra, s. a water serpent ; a monster with many heads, slain by Hercules. Hydran'gea, s. a water plant bearing a beau- tiful flower. Hydraulic, a. conveying water by pipes. Hydraul'ical, a. relating to hydraulics. Hydraul'ics, s. pi. the science which treats of the motion of fluids, and the art of con- veying water through pipes. Hy'drocele, s. a watery tumor. Hydrocephalus, s. a dropsy in the head. Hydrocian'ic, s. prussic acid. Hydrodynam'ics, s. pi. the science which treats of the powers of water and other fluids, comprehending hydraulics and hy- drostatics. Hy'drogen, *. a ga.3 which is one of the ele- ments of water. Hydrog'raphy, s. the art of measuring and describing the sea, lakes, and rivers. Hydrol'ogy, s. description of water in general. HyMromancy, s. divination by water. Hy'dromel, s. honey and water ; mead. Hydrom'eter, s. an instrument to measure the gravity, force, or density of water. Hydrom'etry, s. the art of measuring water. Hydropho'bia, s. a disease occasioned by the bite of a mad dog ; dread of water. Hydropho'bic, a. pertaining to hydrophobia. Hydrop'ic, Hydrop'ical, a. dropsical, watery. Hy'dropsy, s. the dropsy. H/droscope, s. a clock set and kept in motion by water. Hydrostat'ie, Hydrostat'ical, a. relating to hydrostatics. Hydrostat'ics, s. pi. that branch of hydro- statics which treats of the properties of fluids at rest. Hy'drus, s. a water-snake, a constellation. Hy'cmal, a. belonging to winter. Hy'emate, v. to winter at a place. Hye'na, s. a fierce animal like a wolf. Hyge'ian, a. in a state of health ; relating to Hygeia, goddess of health. Hygrom'eter, s. an instrument for ascertain- ing the moisture of the atmosphere. Hy'groscope, s. an instrument to show the state of the air ; the hygrometer. Hy'grostat'ics, s. pi. the science of weighing or comparing various degrees of moisture. Hylozo'ick, s. one of a sect of ancient athe- ists that held all matter to be animated. Hymene'al, Hymene'an, a. pertaining to marriage : s. a marriage song. Hymn, s. a divine song ; a song of praise. Hymn, v. to worship with hymns. Hym'nic, a. relating to hymns. Hymnol'ogy, s. a collection of hymns. Hyp, v. to make melancholy, to dispirit. Hyper'baton, s. a figure which inverts t'Ba natural order of words in sentences. Hyper'bola, s. a certain section of a cone. HYP 131 IGN Hyperbole, s. a rhetorical figure which con- sists in representing things much greater or less than they really are. Hyperbol'ical, a. exaggerating beyond fact. Hyperbol'ically, ad. with exaggeration. Hyper'bolist, s. one who uses hyperboles. Hyperbolize, v. to speak or write with ex- aggeration or extenuation. Hyperbo'rean, a. northern ; very cold : s. an inhabitant of the most northern regions. Hypercatalec'tic, a. exceeding the measure. Hypercrit'ic, s. an unreasonable critic. Hypercrit'ical, a. critical beyond reason. Hypercrit'icism, s. excessive critical severity. Hy'phen, s. a short line thus (-) put between two words or syllables, to show that they are to be joined together. Hyp'ocaust, s. a place for a stove underneath a bath or hot-house. Hypochon'dria, s. melancholy; lowness or depression of spirits. Hypochon'driac, s. one affected with melan- choly, or disordered in the imagination. Hypochon'driac, Hypochondriacal, a. affect- ed with languor and lowness of spirits. Hypochondri'acism, Hypochondriasis, s. morbid melancholy; disordered imagina- tion ; hypochondriac affection. Hypoc'risy, s. dissimulation, deceit. Hyp'ocrite, s. a dissembler in religion, &c. Hypocrit'ical, a. dissembling, insincere, false; putting on the cloak of religion. Hypocritically, ad. without sincerity. Hypogastric, a. situated in the lower part of the abdomen. Hypos'tasis, s substance ; personality. Hypostat'ic, Hypostat'ical, a. personal. Hypot'enuse, s. the line that subtends the right angle cf a right-angled triangle. Hypoth'esis, s. a system upon supposition. Hypothetic, Hypothet'ical, a. assumed with- out proof ; supposed, conditional. Hypothct'ically, ad. upon supposition. Hy'son, s. a line kind of green tea. Hys'sop, s. the name of a purgative plant. Hyster'ic, Hyster'ical, a. troubled with fits. Hyster'ics, s. pi. fits or nervous affections peculiar to women. Hys'teron-pro'teron, s. a figure of speech which places last what would naturally come first. I, pron. myself, the person speaking. Iam'bic, a. relating to iambic verse. Iam'bics, s. pi. verses which are composed of a long and a short syllable alternately. I'bex, s. an animal of the goat kind. I'bis, s. the name of an Egyptian bird. Ice, s. frozen water ; sugar concreted. Ice, v. to cover with ice; to chill ; to freeze. I'ceberg, s. a large mass or mountain of ice. I'cebound, a. closed in with ice. I'cehouse, s. a place in which ice is kept. I'celandcr, s. a native of Iceland. Icelandic, a. pertaining to Iceland. I'cespar, s. a sort of icy feldspar. Ichncu'mon, s. a small animal that destroys the eggs of the crocodile. Ichnograph'ical, a. representing a ground- plot or platform. Ichnog'raphy, s. a delineation of tho base or ground-plot of a building; a ground plot. I'chor, s. a thin watery humour. I'chorous, a. thin, watery, serous. Ichthyog'raphy, 5. a treatise on Ichthyol'ogist, s. one versed in ichthyology. Ichthyol'ogy, s. that part of zoology which treats of fishes. Ichthyoph'agist, s. one who lives on fish. I'cicle, s. dripping water frozen, hanging from the eaves of a house, &c. I'ciness, s. the state of being icy. I'cing, s. a covering of concreted sugar. I'con, s. an image, a picture. Icon'oclast, s. a breaker of images. Iconoclastic, a. destroying images. Iconog'raphy, s. a description of statues and monuments of ancient art. Iconol'ogy, s. the doctrine of pictorial repre- sentation ; a description of pictures. Icte/ic, s. a remedy for the jaundice. Icter'ical, a. pertaining to the jaundice. I'cy, a. full of ice, cold ; frigid. I'd, contracted for / would. Ide'a, s. a mental image, a notion. Ide'al, a. mental, intellectual, conceived. Ide'alism, s. the theory that makes every thing consist only in ideas, Ide'alize, v. to form images in the mind. Ide'ally, ad. intellectually, mentally. Ide'ate, v. to fancy, to form in idea. Iden'tic, Identical, a. the same. Iden'ticalness, Iden'tity, s. sameness. Identification, *. proof of identity. Iden'tify, v. to prove to be the same ; to treat or consider as the same. Ides, s. pi. a term of time amongst the Romans, as " the ides of March." Idioc'rasy, s. peculiarity of constitution. Id'iocy, s. want of reason, imbecility. Id'iom, s. a mode of expression peculiar to a language ; peculiarity of phrase. Idiomat'ic, Idiomat'ical, a. phraseological. Idiomatically, ad. according to the idiom. Idiop'athy, s. a primary or peculiar disease. Idiosyn'crasy, s. a peculiar temperament. Idiosyncrat'ical, a. peculiar in temperament. Id'iot, s. a fool, a natural, a changeling. Idiot'ic, Idiot'ical, a. stupid ; foolish. Id'iotism, s. natural imbecility of mind. I'dle, a. lazy, unemployed, worthless. I'dle, v. to spend time in idleness. Idle-head'ed, a. foolish, unreasonable. I'dleness, s. sloth, laziness, folly. I'dler, s. a lazy person, a sluggard. I'dly, ad. lazily, carelessly, foolishly. I'dol, s. an image worshipped as a god. Idol'ater, s. a worshipper of idols. Idol'atress, s. she who worships idols. Idol'atrize, s. to practise idolatry. Idol'atrous, a. tending or given to idolatry. Idol'atrously, ad. in an idolatrous manner. Idol'atry, s. the worship of images. I'dolism, s. idolatrous worship. I'dolist, s. a worshipper of images. I'dolize, v. to worship ; to love to excess. I'dolizer, s. one who loves to adoration. Ido'neous, a. fit ; proper. I'dyl, s. a short poem ; an eclogue. If, conj. give or allow that. Ig'neous, a. containing or emitting fire. IGN 132 1MB Ig'nify, v. to form into fire. Ig'nis-fat'uus, s. a kind of fiery meteor, called Will-o'-the-wisp ; a delusion. Igni'te, v. to set on fire ; to take fire. Igni'tible, a. inflammable, easily set on fire. Igni'tion, s. the act of setting on fire. Ignobil'ity, Igno'bleness, s. want of dignity. Igno'ble, a. mean of birth ; worthless. Ignomin'ious, a. disgracefully, shamefully. Igno'bly, ad. disgracefully, ignominiously. Jgnomin'iously, ad. meanly, scandalously. Igliominy, a. disgrace, reproach, shame. Ignora'mus, s. an ignorant fellow. Jg'norance, s. want of knowledge. Ig'norant, a. illiterate, void of knowledge. Ig'norantly, ad. unskilfully. Igno're, v. not to know ; to reject. Tgua'na, s. a species of lizard, lie, s. See Aisle. I'lex, s. the scarlet oak, the holly. Iliac, a. pertaining to the lower bowels. Il'iad, s. an epic or heroic poem by Homer. Ilk, a. the same ; each. Ill, a. sick, disordered, not in health ; evil : ad v >t well, badly, with difficulty. Ill, s. wickedness, misery, misfortune. Illa"cerable, a. that cannot be torn. Illac'hrymable, a. incapable of weeping. Illap'se, s. a sliding in ; a sudden attack. Illaq'ueate, v. to entangle, to ensnare. Illaquea'tion, s. the act of catching or en- snaring ; a snare. Illa'tion, s. an inference, a conclusion. H'lative, a. inferring ; that may be inferred. Illatively, a. by way of inference. Illau'dable, a. unworthy of commendation. Illau'dably, ad. unworthily, meanly. Ill'-bred, a. impolite ; uncourteous. Ill-breeding, s. want of politeness. Ille'cebrous, a. enticing, alluring. Ille'gal, a. contrary to law, unjust. Illegality, s. contrariety to law. Ille'galize, v. to render illegal. Ille'gally, ad. in a manner contrary to law. Illegibility, s. incapability of being read. Ille"gible, a. tbat cannot be clearly read. Illegibly, ad. in a manner not to be read. Illegitimacy, s. a state of bastardy. Illegitimate, a. born out of wedlock ; not lawful, not genuine. Illegitimately, ad. out of wedlock. Illegitima'tion, s. the state of one not born in wedlock ; want of genuineness. Illevlable, a. incapable of being levied. 1 11'- fated, a. doomed to misfortune. Illfa'vored, a. of a bad countenance ; ugly. Illib'eral, a. not liberal, not generous. Illiberallty, s. narrowness of mind; pre- judice ; parsimony. Illib'erally, ad. meanly, disingenuously. llli"cit, a. unlawful, unfit; contraband. l!li"citly, ad. unlawfully. Ilii"citn'ess, s. unlawfulness. Illimitable, a. which cannot be bounded. IHimltably, ad. so as not to be limited. II limited, a. unbounded; interminable. Illini'lion. .«- a thin crust on minerals, lllit'eracy, Illit'erateness, s. want of learn- , ing ; ignorance of science. niit'erate, " unlettered, unlearned. Illit'eralj a. not literal. Illna'ture, s. bad temper, peevishness, lllna'turcd, a. peevish, un tractable, cross. Illna'turedly, ad. in a peevish manner. Illna'turedness, s. want of a kindly disposi- tion ; malevolence. Ill'ness, s. sickness, disorder, weakness. Illo"gical, a. not logical ; contrary to tho rules of reasoning. | Illo"gically, ad. in an illogical manner. Illo"gicalness, s. contrariety to logic. Ill'-starred, a. doomed to misfortune, llln'de, v. to play upon, to deceive. Illu'me, Illu'mine, Illu'minate, v. to en- lighten, to adorn, to illustrate. Illumina'ti, 5. pi. persons who pretend to be more intellectual than others. Illumina'tion, s. the act of illuminating; a display of light as a sign of joy ; bright- ness ; knowledge ; inspiration. Illu'minative, a. having the power to give light, or to enlighten. Illu'minator, s. one who gives light. Illu'sion, s. a false show, error, mockery. Illu'sive, a. deceiving by false show. Ulu'sively, ad. in a deeeptious manner. Illu'siveness, s. deception; false appearance. Illu'sory, a. deceiving, fraudulent. Illus'trate, v. to brighten with light ; to make clear, to explain, to elucidate. Illustra'tion, 5. elucidation, explanation. Illus'trative, a. able or tending to explain. Illustratively, ad. by way of explanation. Illus'trator, s. one who illustrates. Illus'trious, a. conspicuous, noble, eminent. Illus'triousness, s. eminence; nobility. Ulus'triously, ad. conspicuously, eminently* Ill-will', s. disposition to envy or hatred. IlJ-wiU'er, j. one who wishes ill to another. I'm, contracted for I am. Im, a prefix used in some cases for In. Im'age, s. statue, an idol ; a picture ; a like- ness ; an idea : v. to fancy. Im'agery, s. sensible representation ; show. Ima"ginable, a. possible to be conceived. Ima"ginant, a. imagining ; forming ideas. Ima"ginary, a. fancied, visionary, ideal. Imagination, s. the act of imagining ; an image in the mind ; an idea, a fancy. Imaginative, a. full of imagination ; form- ing imaginations ; fantastic. Ima"gine, v. to fancy; to conceive. Ima"giner, s. one who forms ideas. Ima"gining, s. fancy ; imagination. I'm an, s. a Mahometan priest. Imbank', v. to enclose within a bank. Imbank'ment, .y. enclosure by a bank. Imbas'tardize, v. to convict of illegitimacy. Imba'the, v. to bathe all over. Im'becile, a. weak, feeble, wanting strength- Imbecility, s. weakness, feebleness. Imbed', v. See Embed. Imbellic, a. not warlike or martial. Imbi'be, v. to drink in, to admit into. Imbi'ber, j. that which drinks or sucks. Imbibi'lion, s. the act of imbibing. Imbit'ter, v. to make bitter ; to exasperate, Imbod'y. See Embody. Imboil', v. to effervesce ; to boil with rage. Imbo'lden. See Embolden. Imbor'der, v. See Emborder. Inibosk', v. to conceal, as in bushes. 1MB lmbo'som,Embo'som, v . to hold in the bosom ; to enclose in the midst ; to surround. Imbow', Embow', v. to arch, to vault. Imbow'er, Embow'er, v. to shelter with trees. Imbox', v. to enclose in a box. Im'bricated, a. laid in the manner of tiles. Imbrica'tion, s. a putting together in the manner of tiles ; a concave indentation. Imbrow'n, v. to make brown ; to obscure. Imbrue', v. to steep, to soak, to wet much. Imbru'ed, p. soaked, dipped, wetted. Imbru'te, v. to degrade to brutality. Imbue', v. to tincture deeply ; to tinge. Imbur'se, v. to stock with money. Imbur'sement, s. money laid up in stock. Imitabil'ity, J. the quality of being imitable. Im'itable, a. that may be imitated. Im'itate, v. to follow the manner, way, or action of another person ; to copy. Imita'tion, s. a resemblance ; a copy. Im'itative, a. inclined to imitate or copy. Im'itator, s. he who copies or imitates. Immac'ulate, a. spotless, pure, undented. Immac'ulately, ad. without blemish; purely. Immac'ulateness, s. purity ; innocence. Immail'ed, a. wearing mail or armor. Immal'leable, a. not to be beaten out. Imman'acle, v. to fetter, to confine. Immane', a. vast, prodigiously great. Immane'ly, ad. monstrously ; cruelly. Im'manent, a. inherent, intrinsic, internal. Imman'ity, s. barbarity, savageness. Immarces'cible, a. unfading, perpetual. Immar'tial, a. not warlike, weak, impotent. Immask', v. to cover ; to disguise. Immatch'able, a. not to be matched. Immaterial, a. incorporeal ; unimportant. Immate'rialism, s. the doctrine of spiritual existence distinct from matter. Immate'rialist, s. one who believes in im- materiality. Immaterial'ity, s. distinctness from body or matter, or the quality of being spiritual. Immate'rially, ad. in a manner not depend- ing upon matter. Immate'rialness, s. immateriality. Immate'riate, a. void of matter; incorporeal. Immatu're, a. not ripe, not perfect ; hasty. Immatu'rely, ad. too soon, too early. Immatu'rity, s. unripeness, incompleteness. Immeabil'ity, J. the quality of being im- passable, or not permeable. Immeas'urable, a. not to be measuied. Immeas'urably, ad. beyond all measure. Immechan'ical, a. not mechanical. Imme'diacy, s. immediate power. Imme'diate, a. with nothing intervening either as to place, or action, or time ; in- stant ; without delay. Imme'diately, ad. presently, instantly. Imme'diateness, s. the being immediate. Immed'icable, a. not to be healed, past cure. Immelo'dious, a. not melodious ; unmusical. Immcm'orable, a. unworthy of remembrance. Immcmo'rial, a. beyond memory ; in law, further back than Edward II. Immemo'rially, ad. beyond memory. Immen'se, a. unlimited, infinite, huge. Immen'sely, ad. without measure, infinitely. Immen'sity, 5. unbounded greatness. Immen'surable, a. not to be measured. 133 IMP Immensurabil'ity, s. the impossibility of being measured from its vastness. Immer'ge, v. to plunge under water; to enter the rays of the sun. Immerlt, s. want of merit ; unworthiness. Immerse', v. to dip or put under water or a fluid ; to be deeply engaged in. Immer'sion, s. a dipping under water. Immesh', v. See Enmesh. Immethod'ical, a. confused, irregular. Immethod'ically, ad. without method. Immethod'icalness, s. want of method. Im'migrant, $. one who removes into a country as a permanent settler. Im'migrate, v. to enter or pass into a country in order to dwell there. Im'migration, s. the passing into a country. Im'minence, s. an immediate danger. Im'minent, a. impending, threatening. Imminu'tion, s. a diminution, a decrease. Immiscibil'ity, s. incapacity of being mixed. Immis'cible, a. not capable of being mixed. Immis'sion, s. a sending in, an injection. Immit'igable, a. not to be softened. Immix', Immin'gle, v. to mix; to unite. Immix'able, a. impossible to be mixed. Immobil'ity, s. unmoveableness. Immod'erate, a. exceeding moderation, ex- cessive ; extravagant. Immod'erately, ad. in an excessive degree. Immod'erateness, Immodera'tion, s. excess. Immod'est, a. indecent, shameless, obscene. Immodestly, ad. without modesty. Immod'esty, s. a want of purity or delicacy. Im'inolate, v. to sacrifice, to offer up. Immola'tion, 5. the act of sacrificing. Im'molator, s. one that offers in sacrifice. Immomen'tous, a. unimportant. Immor'al, a. not moral, irreligious, vicious. Immorality, s. want of morality, wickedness. Immori"gerous, a. unmannered, rude. Immor'tal, a. perpetual, never to die. Immortal'ity, .?. an exemption from death. Immortally, ad. with everlasting life. Immortaliza'tion, s. the act of immortalizing. Immor'talize, v. to make or become immor- tal , to exempt from death. Immortifica'tion, s. a state in which the pas- sions are not dead, or under subjection. Immo'vable, a. that cannot be moved ; firm. Immo'vableness, Immovability, s. the state of being immovable ; fixedness. Immo'vably, ad. so as not to be shaken, fixedly, firmly. Immund', a. unclean, impure. Immundi"city, s. uncleanness ; impurity. Immu'nity, s. privilege, exemption, freedom. Immu're, v. to enclose within walls. Immu'sica], a. harsh, inharmonious. Immutability, s. exemption from change. Immu'table, a. invariable, unalterable. Immu'tableness, s. unchangeableness. Immu'tably, ad. unchangeably, invariably. Immuta'tion, s. change, alteration. Imp, v. to graft, to lengthen. Imp, s. a little devil (originally, a scion or young slip ; also, a child). Im'pact, j. a forcible touch ; impression. Impact', v. to drive close or hard. Impac'able, a. unrelenting ; not to be softened or appeased. IMP 134 IMP Impaint', v. to paint, adorn, decorate. Impair', Impairment, s. injury ; decrease. Impair', v. to make worse, to weaken. Impal'atable, a. not pleasing to the taste. Impale', v. Impale'ment, s. See Empale. Impal'pable, a. not perceptible by touch. Impalpability, s. the state or quality of not being palpable. Impan'nel, v. to enrol a list of jurors. Impar'adise, v. to put into a place of felicity. Imparasyllab'ic, a. consisting of an unequal number of syllables. Impar'donable, a. that cannot be pardoned. Imparity, s. disproportion, inequality. Imparl', v. (in law) to have a conference. Imparlance, s. (in law) a conference. Impart', v. to communicate ; to grant. Impartial, a. equitable, equal, just. Impartiality, s. equitableness, justice. Impartially, ad. equitably, without bias. Inipart'ible, a. capable of being imparted. Impassable, a. that cannot be passed. Impass'ableness, s . incapability of passing. Impassibility, *. exemption from suffering. Impassible, a. incapable of suffering. Impass'ion, v. to move with passion. Impass'ioned, Inipasslonate, a. strongly affected ; full of passion. Impass'ive, a. exempt from suffering. Impass'iveness, 5. the state of being impassive. Impa'ste, v. to form a paste ; to lay on colors thick and bold. Impat'ible, a. intolerable ; not to be borne. Impa'ticnce, s. want of patience ; restless- ness ; eagerness. Impa'tient, a. eager, not able to endure. Impa'tiently, ad. eagerly ; restlessly. Impawn', v. to pawn, to give as a pledge. Impeach', v. to accuse by public authority. Impeach/able, a. accusable ; chargeable. Impeach'er, s. a public accuser. Impeach'ment, J. a legal accusation. Impearl', v. to form like pearls, to adorn. Impec'cable, a. not subject to sin, perfect. Impeccability, s. exemption from sin. Impe'de, v. to hinder, to obstruct. Impediment, s. hinderance, obstruction. Impedimen'tal, a. hindering ; obstructing. Imped'itive, a. causing hinderance. Impel', v. to urge forwards ; to press on. Impel'lent, s. a power to drive forward. Impel'ler, s. one that impels. Iinpen', v. to enclose in a narrow place. impend', v. to hang over, to be at hand. Impend'encc, Impend'ency, s. the state of hanging over ; near approach. Impend'ent, a. hanging over or near. Impending, a. hanging ready to fall. Impenetrable, a. that cannot be penetrated or discovered ; not to be pierced. Impenetrability, Impen'etrableness, s. in- susceptibility of impression. Impenetrably, ad. so as not to be penetrated. Impenitence, Iinpenltency, s. want of re- pentance ; hardness of heart. Impenitent, s. one who neglects repentance. Impenitent, a. obdurate, remorseless. Impenltently, ad. without repentance. Impen'nous, a. wanting wings. Impeo'ple, v. to form into a community. Imperative, a. commanding, ordering. Imper'atively, ad. in a commanding style. Imperato'rial, a. commanding, authoritative. Impercep'tible, a. not to be perceived. Impercep'tiblcness, s. the quality of being imperceptible. Impercep'tibly, ad. in a manner not to be perceived ; not subject to perception. Imperciplent, a. not having perception. Imperdibillty, s. the state or quality of being imperdible. Imper'dible, a. not to be destroyed or lost. Imper'feet, a. frail, not complete, defective. Imper'fectness, s. the state or quality of being imperfect. Imperfec'tion, s. a defect, a failure, a fault. Imperfectly, ad. not completely, not fully, Imper'forable, a. not to be bored through. Imperforated, Imperforate, a. not pierced through ; closed. Impelial, a. relating to an empire ; belonging to an emperor ; royal. Impe'rialist, s. one belonging to an emperor. Impe'rially, ad. in a royal manner. Impe'rialty, s. imperial power. Imperil, v. to bring into danger. Impe'rious, a. haughty, arrogant, lordly. Impe'riousness, s. arrogance of command Impe'riously, ad. insolently, arrogantly. Imperishable, a. not to be destroyed. Impermanence, Imper'manency, *. want of duration ; instability. Impermeability, s. the being impermeable. Impermeable, a. not to be passed through. Imper'sonal, a. having no person. Impersonality, s. indistinction of persons. Imper'sonally, ad. without distinction of persons ; in an impersonal manner. Impersonate, v. to personify. Imperspiculty, s. want of perspicuity. Imperspic'uous, a. not sufficiently clear. Impersua'sible, a. not to be persuaded. Imper'tinency, Imper'tinence, s. that which does not belong to the matter in hand ; an intrusion ; rudeness. Imper'tinent, s. an intruder ; a meddler. Imper'tinent, a. intrusive, meddling. Imper'tinentiy, ad. officiously, intrusively. Impertran'sible, a. not to be passed through. Imperturb'able, a. incapable of being dis- turbed; cool, unmoved. Imperturba'tion, s. calmness ; tranquillity. Imperturb'ed, a. undisturbed; calm. Imper'vious, a. impassable, inaccessible. Imperviously, ad. impassably. Imper'viousness, s. the state or quality of not being pervious. Impeti"ginous, a. scurfy; covered with tetters. Im'petrate, v. to obtain by entreaty. Impetra'tion, s. act of obtaining by entreaty. Im'petrative, a. able to obtain by entreaty. Im'petratory, a. entreating, beseeching. Impetuosity, 5. violence, vehemence. Impetluras, a. violent, forcible, fierce. Impet'uously, ad. violently ; vehemently. Impet'uousness, s. violence ; impetuosity. Im'petus, s. a violent effort, force, stroke. Impic'tured, a. painted ; impressed. Impier'ce, v. to pierce through, to penetrate, Impi'ety, 5. wickedness, irreverence. Impier'ceable, a. not pierceable. Impig'norate, v. to pawn, to pledge. IMP 135 IMP Impignora'tion, s. the act of pawning. Im'piousness, s. the state of being impious. Impin'ge, v. to fall or strike against, to clash. Im'pious, a. wicked, profane, irreligious. Im'piously, ad. profanely, wickedly. Impla'eable, a. not to be appeased or pacified ; inexorable. Implacability, Impla'cableness, s. the qua- lity of being implacable ; inexorable. Impla'cably, ad. in an implacable manner. Implant', v. to ingraft, to infix, to insert. Implanta'tion, 5. the act of implanting. Implau'sible, a. not plausible or specious. Implau'sibly, ad. not plausibly ; without show of probability. Impleach'. v. to interweave. Implead, v. to prosecute, or sue at law. Implead'er, s. one who indicts another. Impled'ge, v. to gage ; to pawn. Ini'plement, s. a tool, an instrument, a utensil. Imple'tion, s. the act of filling up. Im'plex, a. intricate, entangled, complicated. Im'plicate, v. to involve in, to embarrass. Implication, s. involution, a tacit inference ; a necessary consequence. Im'plieative, a. having implication. Im'plicatively, ad. by implication. Impli"cit, a. infolded ; tacitly inferred ; founded on the authority of others. Implicitly, ad. in an implicit manner. Implicitness, s. the state of being implicit. Impli'ed, p. and a. comprised in though not expressed ; virtual. Impliedly, ad. by implication. Implora'tion, s. solicitation ; supplication. Implo're, v. to ask, beg, beseech, entreat. Implo'rer, s. one who implores. Implu'med, Implu'mous, a. unfeathered. Implun'ge, v. to plunge ; to hurry into, imply', v. to infold ; to involve or comprise as a consequence or concomitant. Impoi'son, v. to corrupt with poison. Impoi'sonment, s. the act of poisoning. Impol'icy, s. impudence ; indiscretion. Impoli'te. a. unpolite, rude, ungenteel. Impoli'tely, ad. uncivilly ; impolitely. Impoli'teness, s. want of politeness. Impolitic, a. imprudent, indiscreet. Impoliticly, ad. imprudently ; unwisely. Impon'derable, a. that cannot be weighed. Impon'derous, a. void of weight, light. Imporos'ity, 5. compactness, closeness. Impo'rous, a. free from pores; compact. Impo'rt, v. to bring commodities from abroad ; to mean, to signify ; to concern. Im'port, s. any thing imported ; meaning, tendency, consequence, importance. Import'abie, a. capable of being imported. Importance, s. consequence ; moment. Impor'tant, a. momentous, of consequence. Impor'tantly, ad. weightily ; forcibly. Importation, 5. the act of importing ; the thing imported ; an import or commodity. Impo'rter, J. one who imports. Im'portless, a. of no moment. Impor'tunacy s. the act of importuning. Importunate, a. incessant in solicitation. Impor'tunately, ad. with urgent request. Impor'tunateness, s. incessant solicitation. Impor'tunator, s. an incessant demander. Importu'r.e, v. to tease with solicitations. Importu'ne, a. unseasonable ; troublesome. Importu'nely, ad. troublesomely; incessantly. Importu'nity. s. incessant solicitation. Impo'se, v. to lay or put on ; to enjoin ; to deceive; (with on, as "to impose on.") Impo'sable, a. that may be imposed. Impo'ser, s. one who imposes. Imposition, s. the act of laying on; an in- junction ; a tax ; an oppression ; an im- posture, deception. Impossibil'ity, J. that which cannot be done. Impos'sible, a. not possible ; impracticable. Im'post, s. a tax ; a custom to be paid. Impost'humate, v. to form an abscess. Imposthuma'tion, s. the forming of an abscess. Imposfhume, s. any swelling or gathering of corrupt matter in an abscess. Impos'tor, s. one who cheats or imposes upon others by a fictitious character. Impos'ture, s. a cheat ; a fraud. Im'potence, Im'potency, s. want of power, incapacity, feebleness, imbecility. Im'potent, a. weak, feeble, wanting power. Im'potently, ad. without power, weakly. Impound', v. to shut up ; to enclose. Impo-Zerish, v. to make poor. Impov'erisher, s. one who makes others poor. Impoverishment, s. the being reduced to poverty ; exhaustion. Impracticability, Imprac'ticableness, s. the state of being impracticable. Impracticable, a. impossible, unattainable. Imprac'ticably, ad. impossibly. Im'precate, v. to pray that evil may come upon, to invoke a curse upon. Impreca'tion, s. an invocation of evil. Im'precatory, a. containing wishes of evil. Impre'gn, v. to make prolific. Impreghable, a. not to be taken, unmoved. Impreg'nably, ad. so as to defy force. Impregnate, a. rendered fruitful or prolific. Impreg'nate, v. to make prolific. Impregna'tion, s. the act of making prolific. Impreju'dicate, a. unprejudiced, impartial. Imprepara'tion, s. want of preparation. Imprescriptible, a. not to be alienated. Im'press, s. a mark, a stamp, a device. Impress', v. to print, to stamp ; to force. Impress'ible, a. that may be impressed. Impressibility, s. the being impressible. Impres'sion, 5. the act of impressing; a mark, a stamp ; an image in the mind ; effect, influence ; an edition of a book. Impress'ive, a. capable of making an im- pression ; forcible ; capable of being im- pressed. Impressively, ad. in an impressive manner. I rnpress'iveness, s. the being impressive. Impress'ure, s. a mark made by pressure. Im'prest, s. money advanced ; loan. Imprimatur, [Lat.] *. a licence to print. Im'primis, [Lat.] ad. in the first place. Im'print, s. the designation of the person by whom, and the place where, a work is printed ; a stamp or impression. Imprint', v. to pi-int ; to fix on the mind. ] Impris'on, v. to shut up, to confine. ! Impris'onment, s. a confinement in prison. i Improbabil'ity, s. unlikelihood. I Improb'able, a. incredible, unlikely. ' Improb'ably, ad. without probability. IMP 136 INA Improba'tion, s. the act of disallowing. Improb'ity, s. dishonesty, baseness. Improfi"ciency, *. want of improvement. Impromp'tu, 5. an extemporaneous composi- tion : ad. off hand ; without study. Improp'er, a. not proper ; not decent ; unfit. Improperly, ad. not fitly ; incongruously. Impropi'lious. See Unpropitious. Impropo'rtionable, a. out of proportion. Impropo'rtionate, a. not adjusted to. Impropriate, a. devolved into the hands of laymen : v. to convert to private use. Impropria'tion, s. the act of impropriating ; an ecclesiastical benefice, or church lands in the possession of a layman. Impro'priator, s. a layman in possession of church lands or tithes. Impropriety, s. want of propriety. Improsperlty, s. want of success. Impros'perous, a. unsuccessful. Impros'perously, ad. unsuccessfully. Impros'perousness, s. want of prosperity. Improvable, a. capable of improvement. Improve', v. to make better. Improvabillty, s. capability of improvement. Improv'ableness, s. the being improvable. Improbably, ad. so as to improve. Improvement, s. the act of improving ; a progress from good to better ; instruction. Impro'ver, j. anything that meliorates. Improvidence, s. want of forethought. Improvident, a. wanting care to provide. Improv'idently, ad. without forethought. Improvis'ion, J. want of forethought. Impru'dence, s. want of prudence ; indiscre- tion, negligence, folly. Impru'dent, a. wanting prudence, injudi- cious, indiscreet. Imprudently, ad. carelessly, indiscreetly. Impudence, s. effrontery, shamelessness. Im'pudent, a. shameless, wanting modesty. Im'pudently, ad. shamelessly, saucily. Impudf'city, s. immodesty; shamelessness. Impu'gn, v. to assault, to reproach. Impugna'tion, s. opposition ; resistance. Impu'gner, s. one who impugns. Impuis'sance, s. weakness, inability. Im'pulse, s. a communicated force ; a motive. Impul'sion, s. agency or influence operating upon the mind or body. Impul'sive, a. having power to impel. ImpulSively, ad. by impulse ; with force. Impu'nity, s. exemption from penalty or punishment ; freedom from injury. Impu're, a. unholy ; unchaste ; drossy. Impu'rely, ad. in an impure manner. Iinpu'reness, s. the quality of being impure. Impu'rity, s. filtliiness, lewdness. Impur'ple. See Empurple. Impu'table, a. chargeable upon any one. Impu'tableness, s. the being imputable. Imputation, s. an accusation or charge. Imputative, a. that may be imputed. Impu'tativcly, ad. by imputation. _ Impu'te, v. to charge upon, to attribute to. Impu'ter, J. he that imputes. Imputres'cible, a. not to be corrupted. In, prep, within •- according to : ad. into or within some place. Inability, a. a want of power, impotence. InabStinence, s. a not abstaining from. Inaccessibility, s. state of being inaccessible. Inaccessible, a. not to be reached, approach- ed, or obtained. Inaccessibly, ad. so as not to be approached. Inac'curacy, s. a want of exactness. Inac'curate, a. not exact, not accurate. Inac'curately, ad. erroneously, not correctly. Inac'tion, s. a cessation from labor ; idleness. Inac'tive, a. indolent, sluggish, not diligent. Inac'tively, ad. without labor, sluggishly. Inactivity, s. idleness ; rest ; sluggishness. Inad'equaey, s. insufficiency; defectiveness. Inadequate, a. not equal to ; defective. Inad'equately, ad. defectively, imperfectly. Inadequateness, s. the being inadeauate. Inadequa'tion. See Inadequacy. Inadmissible, a. not to be allowed. Inadver'tence, Inadver'tency, s. inattention. Inadver'tent, a. inconsiderate, careless. Inadver'tently, ad. negligently, carelessly. Inaffabil'ity, s. reservedness in conversation. Inaf fable, a. reserved ; uncourteous. Inaffecta'tion, s. a state void of affectation. Inaid'able, a. not to be assisted. Ina'lienable, a. that cannot be alienated. Ina'lienableness, s. state of being inalienable. Ina'lienably, ad. so as not to be alienated. Inalimen'tal, a. affording no nourishment. Inalterability, s. the being unchangeable. Inalterable, a. that cannot be altered. Inamora'to, s. a lover, a fond person. Ina'ne, a. void, useless, empty. Inanimate, Inan'imated, a. not animated ; without life ; dull. Inani"tion, s. an emptiness of body. Inan'ity, s. emptiness ; vanity. Inap'petence, Inap'petency, s. a want of ap- petite ; want of inclination. Inapplicability, s. unfitness for the purpose. Inapplicable, a. incapable of being applied ; unfit for. a particular use. Inapplica'tion, s. indolence, inactivity. Inap'posite, a. unfit, unsuitable, improper. Inappreeiable, a. that cannot be appreciated. Inapprehensible, a. not intelligible. InapprehenSive, a. not noticing ; regardless. Inapproach'able, a. not to be approached. Inappro'priate, a. unsuited ; not belonging to. Inap'titude, s. unfitness ; unsuitableness. Inar'able, a. not arable. Inarticulate, a. not uttered distinctly. Inarticulately, ad. indistinctly, confusedly. Inarticulateness, s. indistinctness of speech. Inarticula'tion, s. indistinct pronunciation. Inartifieial, a. not done by art ; artless, simple. Inartifieially, ad. without art. Inatten'tion, s. want of attention, neglect. Inatten'tive, a. negligent, careless. Inatten'tively, ad. carelessly, heedlessly. Inaudible, a. not audible, void of sound. Inaudlbly, ad. in a manner not to be heard. Inaug'ural, a. relating to inauguration. Inaug'urate, v. to invest with office. Inaugurate, a. invested with office. Inaug'uration. s. investiture by a solemn rite ; the act of investing. Inaug'uvatory, a. inaugural. Inaura'tion, s. the act or process of gilding. Inaus'picate, a. ill-omened. Inauspi'eious, a. ill-omened, unlucky. Inauspi"ciously, ad. with bad omen. INA 137 INC Inauspf'ciousness, s. the being inauspicious. In'being, s. inherence, inseparableness. In'born, a. implanted by nature, innate. In'breathed, a. infused by inspiration. In'bred, a. bred within, innate. In'breed, v. to produce or generate within. In'ca, s. a Peruvian king or prince. Inca'ge, v. to shut up ; to confine. Inca'goment, s. confinement in a cage. Incalculable, a. beyond calculation. Incalculably, ad. so as not to be calculated. Incales'cence, s. warmth; incipient heat. Incales'cent, a. growing or becoming warm. Incamera'tion, s. the act of adding lands or revenues to the papal see. Incandes'cence, s. incipient white heat. Incandes'cent, a. becoming of a white heat. Incanta'tion, s. an enchantment, a charm. Incan'tatory, a. dealing by enchantment. Incan'ton, v. to unite into a canton. In capability, s. inability, a disqualification. Inca'pable, a. unable, disqualified, unfit. Inca'pableness, ■?. incapacity, inability. Incapa'cious, a. not capacious, narrow. Incapa'ciousness, s. narrowness, want of space. Incapacitate, v. to disable, to disqualify. Incapacitation, s. disqualification. Incapacity, s. inability, a want of power. Incar'cerate, v. to imprison, to confine. Incarcera'tion, s. imprisonment, confinement. Incarn', v. to cover with or generate flesh. Incar'nadine, v. to dye red : a. of a red color. Incar'nate, a. clothed or embodied in flesh. Incarna'te, v. to clothe or embody in flesh. Incarna'tion, s. the act of assuming a body. Incar'native, s. a medicine that generates or covers with flesh. Inca'se. See Encase. Incau'tious, a. not cautious, unwary, heedless. Incau'tiously, ad. unwarily, heedlessly. Incau'tiousness, s. want of caution. In'cavated, a. made hollow ; bent in. Incava'tion, s. a place hollowed out. Incend', v. to stir up, to inflame. Incen'diary, s. one who sets houses or towns on fire ; one who foments strife or sedition. [n'cense, J. a perfume exhaled by fire. Incen'se, v. to inflame, to provoke. Incen'sement, s. heat, fury, rage. Incen'sion, s. the act of kindling. Incen'sive, s. that which incites or inflames. Incen'sor, s. a kindler of anger. Incentive, s. an incitement or motive. Incen'tivc, a. encouraging, inciting. Incep'tion, s. a beginning, a commencing. Incep'tivc, a. noting beginning, commencing. Incep'tor, s. one who is in his rudiments. Incera'tion, s. the act of covering with wax. Incer'ative, a. cleaving or sticking to, like wax. Incer'tain, a. uncertain; doubtful. Incer'titude, Incer'tainty, s. doubtfulness. Incess'ancy, s. unintermittcd continuance. Inces'sant, a. unceasing, continual. Inces'santly, ad. without intermission. In'cest, s. criminal connexion of persons with- in the prohibited degrees of kindred. Inces'tuous, a. guilty of incest. Inces'tuousness, s. state of incest. Inch, j. a measure, the twelfth part of afoot Inch, v. to deal out by inches; to give spa> ringly ; to advance by small degrees. Inch'meal, a. by the inch, by degrees. In'ehoatc, v. to begin, to commence. In'choate, a. begun ; entered upon. In'choately, ad. in an incipient degree. Inchoa'tion, s. the act of beginning. Inc'hoative, a. inceptive; noting beginning. Inci'de, v. to cut, to cut into, to divide. In'cidence, s. an accidental circumstance; a casualty ; the direction in which one body strikes another. In'cident, a. casual, happening by chance: s. something happening, a casualty. Incidental, a. casual, not intended. Incidentally, ad. occasionally; casually. Incin'erate, v. to burn to ashes. Incinera'tion, s. the act of burning to ashes. Incip'ient, a. beginning; arising. Incip'iency, s. beginning, commencement. Incir'cle. See Encircle. Incircumspec'tion, s. a want of caution. Incircumscrip'tible, a. not to be limited. Inci'se, v. to cut ; to engrave ; to carve. Inci'sed, a. cut, made by cutting. Incis'ion, Incis'ure, s. a cut, a wound. Inci'sive, a. having the quality of cutting. Inci'sor, s. a fore-tooth, a cutter. Inci'sory, a. having the quality of cutting. Incita'tion, Inci'tement, 5. an incentive. Inci'te, v. to stir up, to spur, to animate. Inci'ter, s. that which or one who incites. Incivil'ity, s. rudeness, a want of courtesy. Inclasp', v. to hold fast; to clasp. In'clavated, a. set firm; fast fixed. Inclem'ency, s. cruelty, harshness. Inclem'ent, a. unmerciful, harsh, rough. Inclinable, a. leaning, tending, willing. Inclination, s. a leaning, a tendency towards a point ; disposition, affection. Incli'natorily, ad. obliquely ; with inclination. Incli'natory, a. having the quality of leaning. Incli'ne, v. to bend, to lean ; to be disposed. Inclip', v. to grasp, to enclose. Inclois'ter, v. to shut up in a cloister. Inclo'se, Inclo'sure. See Enclose. Incloud', v. to ©bscure, to darken. Inclu'de, v. to contain ; to comprise. Inclusion, s. the act of including. Inclu'sive, a. comprehending, enclosing. Inclusively, ad. reckoned into the account. Incoag'ulable, a. incapable of concretion. Incoexis'tence, s. the not existing together. Incog', Incog'nito, ad. unknown ; in private. Inco"gitable, a. not to be thought of. Inco"gitancy, J. a want of thought. Inco"gitant, a. thoughtless; inconsiderate. Inco"gitantly, ad. without consideration. Inco"gitative, a. wanting power of thought. Incoherence, Incohe'rency, s. want of cohe- rence; incongruity, inconsequence. Incoherent, a. inconsistent, disagreeing. Incohe'rently, ad. inconsistently, loosely. Incolu'mity, s. safety, security. Incombustibility, s. the quality of resisting fire so that it cannot be burnt. Incombus'tible, a. that cannot be consumed by fire ; not combustible. Incombus'tiblencss, s. incombustibility. In'come, s. profit, rent, revenue. Incom'ing, a. coming in: s. profit, gain. Incommensurability, s. the state of being in- commensurable. IXC 138 INC IncommenSnrable, a. not to be measured. Incommensurate, a. not admitting one com- mon measure. Incommen'surately, ad. out of due proportion. Incommis'cible, a. that cannot be mixed. Incommix'ture, s. the state of being unmixed. Incommo'de, v. to trouble, to embarrass. Incommo'dious, a. unsuitable, vexatious. Incomrao'diously, ad. inconveniently. Incommo'diousness, s. inconvenience. Incommod'ity, s. Inconvenience ; trouble. Incommu'nicable, a. that cannot be commu- nicated or imparted. Incommunicabillt y, Incommu'nicableness, s. the not being communicable. Incommu'nicably, ad. in a manner not to be communicated' or imparted. Ineommu 'nicative. a. not communicative. Incommu'table, a. not commutable. Incommutabil'ity, s. the state or quality of being unchangeable. Incompact', a. not compact, not adhering. Incom'parable, a. matchless, excellent. Incom'parableness, s. excellence beyond com- parison. Incom'parably, ad. beyond comparison. Incompas'sionate, a. void of pity, cruel. IncompasSionately, ad. without compassion. Incompas'sionateness, s. want of pity. Incompatibility, s. inconsistency. Incompatible, a. inconsistent with something else; wanting agreement. Incompatibly, ad. inconsistently. Incompetency, .?. inability, insufficiency. Incom'petent, a. not adequate, unsuitable. Incompetently, ad. unsuitably, unfitly. Incomplete, a. not finished, not perfect. Incomple'teness, .?. an unfinished state. In complex 7 , a. not complicated. j v. compliance, s. untractableness, refusal. Incompli'ant, a. unyielding to solicitation. IncompoSed, a. discomposed, disturbed. IneompoSite, a. uncompounded, simple. Incompossibillty, s. the quality of not being possible with something else. Incompos'sible, a. not possible together. Incomprehensibillty,Incomprehen'sibleness, the quality or state of being incompre- Incomprehen'sible, a. inconceivable, not to be understood. Incomprehensibly, ad. inconceivably. Incomprehension, s. want of comprehension. Incomprehen'sive, a. not extensive. Incompressibillty, s. not having the quality of compressibility. Incompressible, a. not capable of being com- pressed into a less space. Inconceal'able, a. that cannot be concealed. Inconceivable, a. incomprehensible. InconceivSblcness, s. the being inconceivable. Inconceivably, ad. beyond comprehension. Inconccp'tible, a. not to be conceived. Inconcin'nity, s. unaptness ; unsuitableness. Inconclu'dent, a. inferring no consequence. Inconclusive, a. not conclusive. Inconclusively, ad. not conclusively. InconcluSiveness, s. a want of rational con- viction, want of proof or cogency. Inconcoct', a. unripened, immature. Inconcoc'tion, s. state of being undigested. Inconcur'ring, a. not concurring. InconcusSible, a. not to be shaken. Incondens'able, a. not condensable. Incon'dite, a. irregular, rude, unpolished. Incondi'lional, a. without any condition Incondf'tionate, a. free from conditions. Inconfor'mity, s. want of conformity. InconfuSed, a. not confused. Ineongeal'able, a. not congealable. Inconge'nial, a. not of a like nature. Incongruence, Incongruity, s. want of con- gruity, unsuitableness. I Incon'gruent, a. unsuitable ; inconsistent. Incon'gruous, a. inconsistent, not fitting. Incongruously, ad. unsuitably. Inconnectlon, s. want of just relation. InconnexSdly, ad. unconnectedly. Inconsequence, s. inconclusiveness. InconSequent, a. without regular inference. Inconsequen'tial, a. not leading to conse- quences ; not conclusive. Inconsiderable, a. unworthy of notice. Inconsid'erableness, s. small importance. Inconsiderably, ad., in a very small degree. Inconsid'eracy, s. thoughtlessness. Inconsid'erate, a. careless, thoughtless. Inconsiderately, ad. thoughtlessly. Inconsiderateness, .s. carelessness. Inconsidera'tion, j. want of thought. Inconsistence, Inconsis'tency, S. incongruity. Inconsis'tent, a. not suitable, incompatible. Inconsistently, ad. absurdly, incongruously. Inconsis'tentness, s. want of consistency. Inconsolable, a. not to be comforted. InconSonance, s. discordance of sound. InconSonancy, s. disagreement with itself. Inconspic'uous, a. not conspicuous. InconStancy, s. unsteadiness, mutability. InconStant, a. not firm, unsteady, changeable. InconStantly, ad. unsteadily; changeably. Inconsumable., a. not to be wasted. Inconsum'mate, a. not completed. Inconsumplible, a. incapable of being spent. Incontes'table, a. not to be disputed, certain. Incontes'tably, ad. indisputably. In contiguous, a. not touching or joining. Incon'tinence, Incon'tinency, s. want of re- straint upon the passions, unchastity. Incon'tinent, a. unchaste, lewd : s. one who is unchaste. Incontinently, crtf.un chastely; without delay. Incontrollabie, a. not to be resisted. Incontrovertible, a. indisputable, certain. Incontrovertlbly, ad. indisputably, certainly. Inconve'nience, s. unfitness, a disadvantage. Inconve'nience, v. to put to inconvenience. Inconve'nient, a. incommodious, unfit. Inconve'niently, ad. unseasonably, unfitly. InconversSble, a. stiff, formal, unsocial. Inconvertible, a. not to be changed. Inconvineible, a. not to be convinced. Inconvineibly, ad. without conviction. Incor'poral, Incorpo'real, a. immaterial, spi- ritual, distinct from body. Incorporallty, s. immateriality. Incor'porally, ad. without body or matter. Incorporate, v. to form into one body ; to unite: a. united into one body. Incorpora'tion, s. UDion into one mass; for* mation of a body politic. Incorpo'really, ad. immaterially. INC 139 IND Incorporelty, s. immateriality. Incorrect', a. not accurate, not exact. Incorrec'tion, s. want of correction. Incorrectly, ad. not in a correct manner. Incorrect'ness, s. inaccuracy, carelessness. Incorrigibility, s. depravity beyond hope of correction or amendment. Incorrigible, a. bad beyond amendment. Incorligiblcness. s. the being incorrigible. Incorrigibly, ad. beyond amendment. Incorrupt', a. free from corruption, honest. Incorruptibility, s. the being incorruptible. Incorruptible, a. not corruptible. Incorrup'tion, s. a state of purity. Incorrupt'ive, a. free from corruption. Incorrupt'ness, s. the state of being incorrupt. Incras'sate, v. to thicken : a. thickened. Incrassa'tion, s. the act of thickening. Incras'sative, a. that tends to thicken. Increa'sable, a. that may be increased. Incre'ase, v. to grow or make greater. In'crease, s. augmentation, produce. Increa'seful, a. abundant of produce. Increa'ser, s. he who increases. Increa'te, Increa'ted, a. not created. Incredibility, Incredlbleness, s. the quality of being incredible. Incredible, a. not to be believed. Incredibly, ad. in an incredible manner. Incredulity, s. indisposition to believe. Incred'ulous, a. not disposed to believe. Incred'ulousness, s. hardness of belief. In'cremable, a. not consumable by fire. In'crement, s. an increase, a produce. Increpa'tion, s. the act of chiding, reproof. Incres'cent, a. growing; increasing. Incrust', Incrus'tate, v. to cover with a crust. Incrusta'tion, s. a crust or hard coat. Lu'eubate, v. to sit upon eggs, to hatch. Incuba'tion, s. the act of sitting upon eggs. In'cubus, s. the nightmare. Incul'cate, v. to impress by admonitions. Inculca'tion, s. the act of inculcating. Inculpable, a. unblamable, just, upright. Incul'pableness, s. blamelessness. [ncul'pably, ad. without blame. Inculpate, v. to bring into blame. Inculpatory, a. imputing blame. Incult', a. uncultivated, unfilled, rude. Incultiva'tion, s. neglect of cultivation. Incul'ture, s. want of cultivation. Incum'bency, s. the holding a benefice. Incum'bent, 5. one who possesses a benefice. Incum'bent, a. lying upon, imposed as a duty. Incum'ber. See Encumber. Incur', v. to become liable to ; to deserve. Incurability, s. impossibility of cure. Incu'rablencss, *. the being incurable. Incu'rable,rt. hopeless; not to be cured: s. one whose case or disease is hopeless. Incu'rably, ad. without remedy or cure. Incu'rious, a. careless, inattentive. Incuriosity, s. absence of curiosity. Incu'riously, ad. without nice examination. Incu'riousn'ess, s. the being incurious. Incursion, s. an invasion, an inroad. Incui^vate, v . to bend : a. curved. Incurva'tion, s. the act of bending. Incurve, s. to bend; to make crooked. Incur'vity, s. incurvation, crookedness. Indaga'tion, *. a diligent search, an inquiry. In'dagator, s. a searcher, an examiner. Indart', ?>. to dart in, to strike in. In debt', v. to put under obligation. Indebt'ed, a. in debt; obliged to. Indebt'ment, 5. the state of being in debt. Inde'cency, s. any thing improper or unbe- coming; unseemliness. Inde'cent, a. unbecoming, immodest. 1 Inde'cently, ad. without decency. i Indecid'uous, a. not falling, evergreen. | Indecision, s. want of determination. j Indeci'sive, a. not determining, irresolute. Indeci'sively, ad. without decision. Indeci'siveness, s. the being indecisive. Indecli'nable, a. not varied by terminations. Indecli'nably, ad. without variation. Indecompo'sable, a. not decomposable. Indeco'rous, a. indecent, unbecoming. Indeco'rously, ad. in an unbecoming manner. Indeco'rousness, s. indecency. Indeco'rum, s. impropriety of behaviour. Indeed', ad. in truth, in reality, in verity. Indefatigabillty, Indefatlgableness, s. great perseverance ; unweariness. j Indefatigable, a. unwearied, untiring. Indefatlgably, ad. without weariness. Indefeasibillty, s. the being indefeasible. Indefea'sible, a. incapable of being defeated or made void. Indefectibillty, s. the being indefectible. Indefec'tible, a. not subject to defect. Indefec'tive, a. not defective. Indefen'sible, a. that cannot be defended. Indefen'sive, a. having no defence. Indefi"ciency, 5. the quality of not failing. Indefi"cient, a. not failing ; perfect ; complete. Indefinable, a. that cannot be defined. Indefinite, a. unlimited, undeterminate. Indefinitely, ad. in an unlimited manner. Indefiniteness, s. state of being undefined. Indefinltude, s. an unlimited quantity. Indeliberate, a. unpremeditated, rash. Indelib'erately, ad. without deliberation. Indelibility, s. the qualityof being indelible. Indelible, a. not to be erased or annulled. I Indelibly, ad. so as not to be effaced. ! Indelicacy, s. a want of delicacy. I Indelicate, a. wanting decency; rude. Indelicately, ad. in an indecent manner. : Indem'nify, v. to maintain unhurt, to make amends, to make good. | Indem'nity, s. exemption from punishment. j In demon 'strable, a. not to be proved. I Indent', v. to cut in the edge like teeth ; to notch ; to bind by indentures. j Indenta'tion, s. a notch, a cut in the margin, an inequality. ! Inden'ture, s. a covenant or deed indented. \ Indepen'dence, Independency, s. freedom; exemption from reliance or control. Indepen'dent, a. free, not controllable. Independently, ad. without dependence. Indepen'dents, s. pi. a sect of dissenters, who in religious affairs hold that every congre- gation is a complete church. Indeprehen'sible, a. that cannot be found out. Indepri'vable, a. that cannot be taken away. Indescribable, a. that cannot be described. Indesert', s. a want of worth or merit. Indeslnent, a. unceasing; perpetual. Indeslnently, ad. without cessation. IND 140 IND Indestructibility, s. the quality of resisting destruction or decomposition. Indestruc'tible, a. not to be destroyed. Indeter'minable, a. not to be fixed or defined. lndeter'minate, a. indefinite, not defined. Jndetcr'minately, ad. indefinitely. Indeter'minateness, s. indcfiniteness. Indeterraina'tion, s. want of determination. Indeter'niined, a. unsettled; unfixed. Jndevo'te, Indevo'ted, a. not attached. Indevo'tion, s. a want of devotion, irreligion. lndevout', a. irreligious, not devout. Indevout'ly, ad. without devotion. In'dex, s. a mark or hand to direct to some- thing remarkable ; a table of contents to a book; pi. indexes or indices. Index'ical, a. like or relating to an index. Indexlcally, ad. in the manner of an index. Indexter'ity, s. awkwardness, sluggishness. Jn'dian, a. pertaining to the Indies : s. a general name for any native of the East or "West Indies, and of the aboriginal inhabi- tants of the American continent. In'dian-ink, s. a black color or ink, made into cakes, and used in drawing. In'dian-red, s. a species of ochre. In'dian-rubber, s. caoutchouc, an elastic gum or resin, produced by incision from the sjTinge-tree of Cayenne. In'dicant, a. showing, pointing out. In'dicate, v. to point out, to show. Indica'tion, s. a mark, a sign, a symptom. Indicative, a. showing, pointing out; in grammar, that mood or mode of the verb which indicates or declai-es. Xndic'atively, ad. in a manner to point out. In'dicator, s. he who, or that which points out. In'dicatory, a. demonstrative, pointing out. Indi'ct, v. to accuse in a court of law. Indi'ctable, a. subject to an indictment. Indi'cter, s. one who indicts or accuses. Indic'tion, s. a declaration, a proclamation ; a mode of computing time by a cycle of fifteen years, appointed by Constantine the Great, instead of the Olympiads. Indic'tive, a. proclaimed; declared. lndi'ctment, s. an accusation or impeachment before a court of justice. Indifference, Indif'ferency, s. neutrality; impartiality ; unconccrnedness. Indifferent, a. neutral ; unconcerned ; im- partial (having no qualities to determine a preference, or the contrary, with regard to things) ; passable. Indifferently, ad. impartially, tolerably. In'digence, s. want, poverty, great need. Indf'genous, a. born in a country, native. In'digent, a. needy, poor, in want. Indiges'ted, a. not formed, not concocted. Indigestible, a. not digestible. Indiges'tion, s. want of digestive powers. jndf'gitate, v. to point out with the finger. Indi'gn, a. unworthy ; bringing indignity. Indignant, a. affected with anger and disdain. Indig'nantly, ad. with indignation. Indigna'tion, s. anger mixed with contempt. Indig'nity, s. contumely; a contemptuous injury ; an insulting act. In'digo, s. a plant used for dyeing blue. Indulgence, s. slothfulness ; carelessness. Indil'igent, a. not diligent; careless Indil'igently, ad. without diligence. Indiminlshable, a. not to be diminished.' Indirect', a. not direct or straight ; not fair or honest ; tortuous or wrong. Indirection, s. indirectness ; unfairness. Indirect'ly, ad. in an indirect manner. Indirect' ncss, s. obliquity ; unfairness. Indiscernible, a. not discernible. Indiscern'ibleness, s. the state or quality of not being discernible. Indiscern'ibly, ad. so as not to be perceived. Indiscerp'tible, a. not to be separated. Indis'ciplinable, a. incapable of discipline. IndiscoVerable, a. not to be discovered. Indiscreet', a. imprudent, injudicious. Indiscreetly, ad. imprudently, foolishly. Indiscre'te, a. not separated or distinguished. Indiscre"tion, j. imprudence, rashness. Indiscrim'inate, a. not separated, confused. Indiserim'inately, ad. without distinction. Indiscrim'inating, a. making no distinction. Indiscrimina'tion, .?. want of discrimination. Indispensabil'ity, Indispen'sableness, s. tho state or quality of being indispensable. Indispen'sable, a. not to be dispensed with. Indispen'sably, ad. necessarily. Indispo'se, v. to make unfit, to disorder. Indispo'sed, p. andrt. disordered, disqualified. Indispo'sedness, s. unfitness or disinclination. Indisposf'tion, s. a disorder of health ; dislike. Indis'putable, a. not to be disputed. Indis'putableness, J. certainty ; evidence. Indis'putably, ad. beyond dispute. Indissoluble, a. binding for ever, firm, stable. Indissol'ubleness, Indissolubility,*, the state or quality of being indissoluble; stability firmness. Indis'solubly, ad. so as not to be dissolved. Indissol'vable, a. that cannot be dissolved. Indistinct', a. not plainly marked ; confused. Indistinc'tion, s. confusion ; uncertainty. Indistinct'ly, ad. uncertainly, obscurely. Indistinct'ness, 5. uncertainty, obscurity. Indistinguishable, a. not distinguishable. Indistur'bance, s. calmness, peace, quiet. Indi'te, v. to compose ; to write. Indi'ter, 5. a writer ; one who composes Indivi'dable, a. not capable of division. Individ'ual, a. undivided ; numerically one. Individ'ual, s. a single person or thing. Individuality, s. the state of a separate or distinct existence. Individualize, v. to separate, to single out. Individ'ually, ad. separately, one by one. Individ'uate, v. to distinguish from others of the same species : a. undivided. Individuation, s. the act of making single. Individu'ity, s. separate existence. Indivisibility, Indivislbleness, s. the state or quality of being indivisible. Indivisible, a. that cannot be divided. Indivislbly, ad. so that it cannot be divided. Indo"cile, Indo"cible, s. not capable of being taught ; unteachable, untractable. Indocillty, s. untractablencss, dulness. Indoctrinate, v. to teach, to instruct. Indoctrina'tion, s. instruction ; information. In'dolence, s. laziness, habitual idleness. In'dolent, a. lazy, listless, careless. In'dolently, ad. lazily, listlessly. Indomitable, a. that cannot be tamed. IND 141 INF Indo'rse. See Endorse. In'drauglit, s. an inlet, a passage inwards. Indrench', v. to soak, to drown. Indubious, Indu'bitable, a. not doubtful. Indu'bitableness, s. the state or quality of being indubitable. Indu'bitably, ad. unquestionably, certainly. Indu'bitate, a. undoubted, certain, evident. Indu'ce, v. to persuade, influence, bring on. Inducement, s. a motive for doing a thing. Indu'cer, s. a persuader ; one that influences. Indu'cible, a. that may be induced. Induct', v. to put in possession of an ecclesi- astical benefice ; to bring in. Inductile, a. not ductile. Induc'tion, s. a bringing in ; admission to a benefice ; a mode of reasoning from parti- cular facts to general principles. Inductive, a. proceeding by induction. mduc'tively, ad. by induction; by inference. Tnduct'or, s. one who inducts. Indue', v. to clothe ; to invest ; to furnish. Indulge, v. to favor, to humor, to gratify. Indulgence, Indul'gency, s. fondness, favor granted, kindness, gentleness, tenderness; forbearance. Indul'gent, a. kind, mild, favoring. Indul'gently, ad. favorably ; kindly. Indul'ger, ,?. one who indulges. In'durate, v. to make hard, to harden the mind ; to render one unfeeling. In'durate, a. made hard; impenitent. Induration, s. hardness, obduracy. Industrious, a. diligent, laborious. Industriously, ad. laboriously, diligently. In'dustry, s. assiduity, habitual diligence. In'dweller, s. an inhabitant, a resident. Ine'briant, a. intoxicating: s. anything that intoxicates or stupifies, as opium. Ine'briate, v. to intoxicate, to grow drunk. Inebriation, s. drunkenness, intoxication. Inebri'ety, s. drunkenness, intoxication. . ned'ited, a. unpublished ; not put forth. Ineffable, a. unspeakable', inexpressible. Inef'fableness, Ineffabirity, s. unspeakable- ness, unutterableness. Ineffably, ad. unspeakably. Ineffective, a. not effective. Ineffectively, ad. without effect. Ineffectual, a. powerless, weak. Ineffectually, ad. without effect, in vain. Ineffectualness, s. want of effect. Inefferves'cent, a. not effervescing. Inefficacious, a. ineffectual, feeble, weak. Ineffiea'ciously, ad. without efficacy. Inefficacy, Ineffica'ciousness, s. want of effi- cacy or power. Ineffi"ciuncy, s. want of power ; inactivity. Ineffi"cicnt, a. not efficient; ineffective. InefrY'ciently, ad. without due effect. Inelaborate, a. not done with much care. Inelastic, a. wanting elasticity. Inelasti"city, s. want of elastic power. lnel'egance, s. want of elegance or beauty. Inel'egant, a. not elegant. Inelegantly, ad. without elegance. Ineligible, a. not fit to be chosen. Ineligibility, s. unfitness to be chosen. Inel'oquent, a. not fluent; not persuasive. Inel'oquently, ad. without eloquence. Inept', a. not apt or fit; foolish. Ineptitude, s. unfitness, unsuitableness. Ineptly, ad. unfitly, foolishly. Inept'ness, s. unfitness, ineptitude. Ine'qual, Ine'quable, a. unequal, uneven. Inequality, s. unevenness, disproportion. Ineq'uitable, a. not equitable, unjust. Inerm', Inerm'ous, a. (in botany) destitute of thorns or prickles ; unarmed. Iner'rable, a. exempt from error. Iner'rably, ad. without error. Inerraf ic, a. fixed ; not wandering. Iner'ringly, ad. without error. Inert', a. sluggish, motionless, dull. Inertia, s. sluggishness, inactivity; inability to move of itself. Inertltude, s. the state of being inert. Inertly, ad. sluggishly, dully, heavily. Inert' ness, s. want of motion. Ines'cate, v. to lay a bait for ; to allure. Inestimable, a. above all price, invaluable. Ines'timably, ad. above all price. Inevldcnt, a. not plain, obscure. Inevitability, s. impossibility to be avoided. Inevitable, a. unavoidable, not to be escaped. Inevltablencss, s. inevitability; certainty. Inevitably, ad. without possibility of escape. Inexact'ness, s. want of precision. Inexcit.able, a. not excitable. Inexcu'sable, a. not to be excused orpalliated. Inexcu'sableness, s. the being inexcusable. Inexcu'sably, ad. to a degree beyond excuse. Inexecution, s. non-performance. Inexhalable, a. notexhalable. Inexhaust'ed, a. not exhausted, unspent. Inexhaustible, a. not to bo drained. Inexhaustlblencss, Inexhaustibility, s. the state or quality of being inexhaustible. Inexhaustlve, a. not to be exhausted. Inexistence, s. want of being or existence. Inexistent, a. not in being, not existing. Inexorability, s. state of being inexorable. Inex'orable, a. not to be moved by entreaty. Inex'orableness, s. the being inexorable. Inex'orably, ad. in an unyielding manner. Inexpectation, s. a state of not expecting. Inexpe'dience, s. want of fitness or propriety. Inexpe'dient, a. not expedient, not fit. Inexpe'rience, s. a want of experience. Inexpe'rienced, a. wanting experience. Inexpert', a. unskilful, unskilled, unhandy Inex'piable, a. not to be atoned for. Inex'piably, ad. beyond atonement. Inexplain'able, a. that cannot be explained. Inex'plicable, a.ircapableofbcingexplained. Inex'plicablencss, s. the being inexplicable. Inex'plicably, ad. so as not to be explained. Inexplo'rable, a. not to be discovered. Inexpressible, a. not to be told, unutterable. Inexpressibly, ad. unutterably. Inexpressive, a. ineffable. Inexpug'nable, a. not to bo taken by assault. Inextincf, a. not quenched, not put out. Inextin'guishable, a. unquenchable. Inextin'guishably, ad. unquencbably. Inextifpable, a. not to be rooted out. Inextricable, a. not to be disentangled. Inextricableness, s. the being inextricable. Inextricably, ad. so as not to be extricated. Ineye', v. to inoculate, to ingraft. Infallibility, s. exemption from error. Infallible, a. incapable of mistake. INF 142 INF Infallibly, ad. with security from error. Infa'me, v. to defame ; to censure publicly. In'famous, a. notoriously bad, shameless. In'famously, ad. shamefully, scandalously. In'famy, s. public disgrace, disrepute. In'iancy, s. the first part of life ; the begin- ning of any thing. In'fant, s. a young child ; in law, a person under twenty-one years of age; in Spain and Portugal, any son of the king, except the heir-apparent. In'fant, a. young, tender; not mature. Infan'ta, s. a princess of the blood royal in Spain and Portugal. Infan'ticide, s. the murder of infante. In'fantile, Infantine, a. like an infant. In'fantry, s. the foot soldiers of an army. Infarc'tion, s. stuffing, constipation. Infat'uate, v. to make foolish; to bewitch. Infat'uate, Infat'uated, a. stupified; wild. Infatua'tion, s. the act of striking with folly. Infeasibillty, s. impracticability. Infeas'ible, a. impracticable ; not to be done. Infect', v. to taint, to poison, to pollute. Infect'er, s. that which infects. Inflores'cence, s. the mode of flowering. Infec'tion, s. the communication of disease by contagion, a corrupt effluvium. Infec'tious, a. contagious, apt to infect. Infec'tiously, ad. by infection. Infec'tiousness, s. the being infectious. Infec'tive, a. communicating disease. Infe'cund, a. unfruitful, barren. Infecun'dity, s. want of fertility. Infeli"city, s. unhappiness, misery, calamity. Infeoff'. See Enfeoff. Infer', v. to conclude from, to induce. In'ferable, Infer'rible, a. deducible. In'ference, s. a conclusion from premises. Infe'rior, s. one lower in rank or station. Infe'rior, a. lower in place, value, or station. Inferior'ity, s. lower state of dignity or value. Infer'nal, a. hellish, diabolical. Infsr'tilc, a. unfruitful, barren. Infertility, s. unfruitfulness, barrenness. Infest', v. to annoy, harass, disturb, plague. Infesta'tion, s. molestation ; annoyance. Infes'tive, a. void of mirth or pleasantness. Infestiv'ity, s. want of cheerfulness. Infeuda'tion, s. the act of putting one in pos- session of a fee or estate. In'fidel, s. an unbeliever; one who rejects Christianity : a. unbelieving. Infidel'ity, s. unbelief; unfaithfulness. In'finitc, a. unbounded, immense, unlimited. In'finitely, ad. without limits, immensely. In'finiteness, s. immensity, infinitude. Infinites'imal, a. infinitely small. Infin'itive, a. not limited or bounded. Infin'itude, s. infinity; boundless number. Infinity, 5. immensity, boundlessness. Infiririi a. weak of body or mind ; not solid. Infirm'ary, s. an hospital for the sick. Infirmity, s. weakness, failing, disease. Infirm'ness, s. weakness, feebleness. Infix', v. to fix in, to implant. Infla'me, v. to set on fire; to irritate. Infla'mer, s. the thing or person that inflames. Inflammability, Inflam'mableness, s. tho quality of easily catching fire. Inflam'mable, a. easy to be set on fire. Inflamma'tion, s. the state of being in a flame ; a hot swelling ; an unnatural heat. Infiam'matory, a. having power to inflame. Infla'te, v. to swell or puff up with wind. Infla'tion, j. the act of being inflated or swelled ; flatulence. Inflect', v. to bend, to change, to vary. Inflection, s. the act of bending; modulation of the voice ; variation of nouns -or verbs ia their terminations. Inflec'tive, a. having the power of bending. Inflex'ed, a. bent ; turned. Inflexibility, s. stiffness, obstinacy. Inflexible, a. not to be bent, immovable. Inflexlbleness, s. inflexibility. Inflexibly, ad. inexorably. Inflict', v. to lay a punishment upon. Inflict'er, s. one who punishes. Infiic'tion, s. the act of using punishments. Inflic'tive, a. tending or able to inflict. Influence, s. an ascendant power. In'fiuence, v. to have power over, to bias. In'fluent, a. flowing or running into. Influential, a. having influence or power. Influen'tially, ad. in an influential manner. Influen'za, s. an epidemic disease. Influx, 5. the act of flowing into ; infusion. Influxlon, s. infusion ; intromission. Influxlve, a. having a tendency to flow in. Infold, v. to wrap up, to enclose. Infoliate, v. to cover with leaves. Infor'm, v. to tell, to instruct ; to animate. Infor'mal, a. irregular, disorderly. Informality, s. want of attention to forms. Inform'ally, ad. irregularly ; without form. Inform'ant, s. one who informs. Informa'tion, s. intelligence given, instruc- tion ; charge or accusation preferred. Inform'er, s. one who gives intelligence. Informldable, a. not to be feared. Informlty, s. shapeiessness, irregularity. Inform'ous, a. shapeless ; of no regular figure, Infor'tunate, a. unhappy, unlucky. Infract', v. to break ; to violate. Infrac'tion, s. the act of breaking ; violation. Infrac'tor, s. one who violates an agreement. Infran'gible, a. not to be broken ; strong. Infre'quence, Infre'quency, s. uncommon- ness, rareness. Infre'quent, a. rare, uncommon, unusual. Infri"gidate, v. to chill, to make cold. Infrigida'tion, s. the act of rendering cold. Infrin'ge, v. to break a contract. Infringement, s. a violation, a breach. Infrin'ger, s. one who violates or infringes. In'fucate, v. to cover with paint ; to daub. Infu'med, a. dried in smoke. Infu'riate, a. enraged, raging. Infu'riate, v. to fill with rage or fury. Infus'cate, v. to darken, to obscure. Infus'cation, s. the act of making dark. Infu'se, v. to pour in, to instil, to inspire. Infu'ser, s. one who infuses. Infusibillty, s. the capacity of being infused; the incapacity of being fused or dissolved. Infu'sible, a. that may be infused ; incapable of fusion. Infu'sion, s. the act of pouring in or steeping. Infu'sive, a. having the power of infusion. Infu'sory, a. applied to an order of minute animalcula. ING 143 INN Ingath'ering, s. the getting in the harvest. Ingem'inate, v. to double ; to repeat often. Ingemination, s. repetition ; reduplication. Ingen'erable, a. not generable. Ingen'erate, v. to beget ; to produce. Ingen'erated, a. inborn ; innata ; inbred. Inge'nious, a. witty, inventive, clever. Inge'niously, ad. in an ingenious manner. Inge'niousness, s. the being ingenious. Ingen'ite, a. inborn, innate, native. Ingenuity, s. wit, invention, talent. Ingen'uous, a. fair, open, generous, noble. Ingen'uously, ad. openly, fairly, candidly. Ingen'uousness, s. openness ; candour. Ingest', v. to throw into the stomach. Ingestion, s. act of throwing into the stomach. In'gle, s. a fire or fire-place ; a blaze. Inglo'rious, a. dishonorable ; disgraceful. Inglo'riously, ad. with ignominy. In'got, s. a mass of unwrought metal. Ingraff, Ingraft', v. to plant or insert the sprig of one tree in the stock of another ; to fix deep. Ingraft/ment, s. the act of ingrafting. Ingrain', v. to dye in grain ; to infix deeply. In'grate, s. an ungrateful person. In'grate, Ingra'teful, a. ungrateful. Ingra'tiate, v. to get into favor. Ingra'tiating, s. the act of getting into favor. Ingrat'itude, s. want of gratitude. Ingrav'idate, v . to impregnate. Ingravida'tion, s. the state of pregnancy. Ingre'dient, s. a part of any compound. In'gress, s. entrance, power of entrance. Ingres'sion, s. the act, of entering. In'guinal, a. belonging to the groin. Ingulf, v. See Engulf. Ingur'gitate, v. to g^rge, to swallow up. Ingurgita'tion, s. the act of swallowing. Ingust'able, a. not perceptible by the taste. Inhabil'ity, s. unskilfulness ; unfitness. Inhab'it, v. to dwell in, to occupy. Inhab'itable, a. that maybe inhabited. Inhabitancy, s. residence ; domiciliation. Inhabitant, s. one who dwells in a place. Inhabita'tion, s. the act of inhabiting. Inhab'iter, s. one that inhabits ; a dweller. Inhalation, s. the act of respiring. Inha'le, v. to draw in with the air. Inharmon'ic, Inharmon'ical, a. discordant. Inharmo'nious, a. unmusical, not sweet. Inharmo'niously, ad. without harmony. Inhe're, v. to exist in something else. Inhe'rence, Inhe'rency, s. inseparable exist- ence in something else. Inhe'rent, a. existing in something else ; in- nate, inborn ; abiding in. Inhe'rently, ad. by inherence. Inher'it, v. to possess by inheritance. Inheritable, a. obtainable by succession. Inher'itably, ad. by inheritance. Inheritance, s. an hereditary possession. Inheritor, s. an heir, one who inherits. Inheritress, Inheritrix, s. an heiress. Inher'se, v. to enclose in a monument. Inhe'sion, s. inherence. Initiation, s. a gaping after ; eager desire. Inhibit, v. to prohibit, to restrain. Inhibition, s. a prohibition, a restraint. Inho'ld, v. to contain in itself. Inhos'pitable, a. unkind to strangers. Inhos'pitably, ad. unkindly to strangers. Inhoop', v. to confine in an enclosure. Inhospital'ity, s. a want of hospitality. Inhu'man, a. barbarous, savage, cruel. Inhumanity, .?. savageness, cruelty. Inhu'manly, ad. cruelly, barbarously. Inhu'mate, Inhu'me, v. to bury, to inter. Inhumation, s. a burying, a sepulture. Inima"ginable, a. inconceivable Inimical, a. unfriendly, hostile. Inimitabillty, s. the being inimitable. Inimitable, a. that cannot be imitated. Inimitably, ad. beyond imitation. Iniq'uitous, a. unjust, wicked, sinful. Iniq'uity, s. injustice, wickedness, sin. Ini'tial, s. the first letter of a name : a. placed at the beginning. Initi"ate, v. to introduce or admit into ; to instruct in the rudiments or first piln- ciples : a. newly admitted ; unpractised. Initiation, s. the act of admitting a person into any order or faculty. Initiatory, a. introductory, serving to ini- tiate : s. an introductory rite. Inject', v. to throw or dart in. Injection, s. the act of injecting. Inju'dicable, a. not cognizable by a judge. Injudicial, a. not according to law. Injudi"cious, a. not judicious, unwise. Injudi"ciously, ad. with ill judgment. Injudi"ciousness, s. want of judgment. Injunction, s. a command, an order. In'jure, v. to wrong, to hurt unjustly. In'jurer, s. one who wrongs another. Injulious, a. unjust, hurtful, destructive. Injuriously, ad. wrongfully, with injustice. Inju'riousness, s. the being injurious. In'jury, s. mischief, outrage, annoyance. Injustice, s. unfair dealing, iniquity. Ink, s. a liquid used in writing and printing. Ink, v. to blacken or daub with ink. Ink'horn, s. a oase for ink and pens. In'kle, j. a kind of narrow fillet, a tape. Inkling, a-, a hint, a whisper, an intimation. Ink'stand, s. a stand for holding ink. lnk'y, a. black as ink, resembling ink. Inla'ce,^. to embellish with variegations. Inland, a. remote from the sea, interior. Inlandish, a. native ; opposed to outlandish. Inlapldate, v. to turn into stone. Inlaw 7 , v. to clear of outlawry. Inlay', v. to veneer ; to variegate wood. Inlaying, s. the act of inserting strips of wood, &c. to ornament furniture. Inlet, s. an entrance, a passage into. Inlock', v. to lock one thing in another. Inly, ad. internally, secretly, in the heart. In'mate, s. a lodger, an in-dweller. In'most, In'nermost, a. most within. Inn, s. a house of entertainment for travel- lers ; a house where students were lodged and taught, (as "the inns of court") : v. to take up temporary lodging. Innate, a. inborn, ingenerate, natural. Innateness, s. the quality of being innate. Innavigable, a. not navigable. In'ner, a. interior, more inward. Inn'keeper, s. one who keeps a house of en- tertainment for travellers. In'nings, s. pi. lands recovered from the sea ; a term in the game of cricket. INN 144 INS Iu'nocence, In'nocency, s. purity, harmless- ness, simplicity of heart and manners. In'nocent, s. one free from guilt or harm. In'nocent, a. pure, harmless, innoxious. In'nocently, ad. without guilt ; harmlessly. Innoo'uous, a. harmless in effects. Innoc'uously, ad. without harm. Innoc'uousnesss, s. harmlessness. Innova'te, v. to introduce novelties. Innovation, j. change effected by the intro- duction of something new. In'novator, s. one who makes innovations. Innoxious, a. not hurtful, harmless. Innoxlously, ad. without harm. Innoxlousness, s. harmlessness. Innuen'do, Inuen'do, s. an oblique hint. Innumerabil'ity, s. the being innumerable. Innumerable, a. not to be numbered. Innumerably, ad. without number. Innu'merous, a. too many to be counted. Innutri'tion, s. failure of nourishment. Innutri'tious, a. not affording nourishment. Inobe'dience, s. disobedience. Inobe'dient, a. not yielding obedience. Inobserv'able, a. unworthy of observation. Inobservance, s. want of observance. Inobserva'tion, s. want of observation. Inoc'ulate, v. to insert the bud of one tree into the stock of another ; to communicate dis- ease by inserting infectious matter. Inocula'tion, s. the act of inoculating. Inoc'ulator, s. one who practises inoculation. Ino'dorate, a. having no scent or odour. Ino'dorous, a. void of the quality of scent. Inoffen'sive, a. harmless, innocent, hurtless. Inoffen'sively, ad. innocently, harmlessly. Inoffen'siveness, 5. harmlessness. Inoffi"cial, a. not proceeding from authority. Inoffi'cially, ad. without the usual forms. Inop'erate, a. producing no effect. Inopera'tion, s. agency ; influence. Inop'inate, a. not expected, sudden. Inopportu'ne, a. unseasonable, inconvenient. Inopportunely, ad. unseasonably. Inoppress'ive, a. not burdensome ; easy. Inop'ulent, a. not wealthy or affluent. InorHinacy, s. irregularity; disorder. Inor'dinate, a. irregular, disorderly. Inor'dinately, ad. irregularly ; not rightly. Inor'dinateness, s. the being inordinate. Inordina'tion, s. deviation from right. Inorgan'ical, a. destitute of proper organs. Inorganically, ad. without organs. Inor'ganized, a. having no organic structure. Inos'culate, v. to unite by contact. Inoscula'tion, s. a union by conjunction. In'quest, s. a judicial inquiry or examination. Inquieta'tion, s. disturbance; annoyance. Inqui'etude, s. uneasiness, disquiet. In'quinate, v. to pollute, defile, corrupt. Inquina'tion, s. a pollution, a corruption. Inqui'rable, a. that may be inquired into. Inqui're, v. to ask about, to seek out. Inqui'rent, a. making inquiry. Inqui'rer, s. one who inquires. Inquiring, a. given to inquiry. Inqui'ry, s. the act of inquiry ; search. Inquisition, s. a judicial inquiry ; a court in Spain, &c. for the detection of heresy. Inquisitional, a. relating to the inquisition. Inquisitive, it. prying, curious. Inquisitively, ad. with narrow scrutiny. Inquisltiveness, s. the quality of being in- quisitive ; proneness to pry into things. Inquisitor, s. a judge of the inquisition. Inquisito'rial, a. like an inquisitor. Inquisito'rious, a. making strict inquiry. Inrail', v. to enclose with rails. In'road, s. an incursion, a sudden invasion. Insalu'brious, a. unhealthy, bad. Insalu'brity, s. unwholesomeness. InsaHitary, a. unhealthy, unwholesome. Insan'able, a. incurable, irremediable. Insa'ne, a. unsound in intellect, mad. Insa'neness, Insanity, s. madness. Insap'ory, a. tasteless ; wanting flavor. Insa'tiable, Insa'tiate, a. not to be satiated. Insa'tiableness, s. the being insatiable. Insa'tiably, ad. with extreme greediness. Insa'tiately, ad. so as not to be satisfied. Insati'ety, s. the state of being unsatisfied. Insat'urable, a. that cannot be saturated. Inscri'be, v. to write upon ; to dedicate. Inscri'ber, s. one who inscribes. Inscrip'tion, s. a title, name, or character written or engraved upon any thing. Inscrip'tive, a. bearing inscription. Inscro'l, v. to write on a scroll. Inscrutability, s. inscrutableness. Inscru'table, a. hidden, unsearchable. Inscru'tableness, s. the being inscrutable. Inscru'tably, ad. so as not to be traced out. Insculp', v. to engrave, to cut on. Insculp'ture, s. any thing engraved. Inseam', v. to mark by a seam or scar. In'sect, s. a small creeping or flying animal. Insecta'tor, s. one that persecutes or ha- rasses with pursuit. Insec'tile, a. having the nature of insects. Insec'tion, s. the act of cutting into. Insecti/orous, a. feeding on insects. Insecu're, a. not secure, not safe. Insecu'rely, ad. unsafely ; without certainty. Insecu'rity, s. unsafcty, hazard, danger. Inseminate, v. to sow; to insert seed. Insemina'tion, ■?. the act of sowing seed. Insen'sate, a. stupid, wanting thought. Insensibility, .>•. stupidity, torpor. Insen'sible, a. void of sense ; imperceptible. Insen'sibly, ad. imperceptibly. Insen'tient, a. not having perception. Inseparability, Insep'arableness, s. the state or quality of being inseparable. Inseparable, a. not to be separated. Inseparably, ad. with indissoluble union. Insep'arate, a. not separate, united. Insep'arately, ad. so as not to be separated. Insert', v. to place among other things. Inser'tion, s. the act of inserting ; the thing inserted. Inser'vient, a. conducive to some end. Inset', v. to implant, to infix. Inshell', v. to hide in a shell. Inshel'ter, v. to place under shelter. Inshri'ne. See Enshrine. In'side, s. the inward or internal part. Insidlate, v. to lie in ambush for. Insidlator, s. one who lies in ambush. Insidious, a. treacherous, sly. Insidiously, ad. slily, treacherously. Insidlousness, s. craftiness, deceit.^ In'sight, s. an inspection; a deep view. INS Insig-'nia, s. distinguishing marks of office or honor; ensigns, arms. Insignificance, Insignificancy, s. unimpor- tance ; want of meaning. Insignificant, a. unimportant, trifling. Insignificantly, ad. without meaning. Insignif icative, a. not expressing by signs. Insince're, a. not sincere, unfaithful. Insinee'rely, ad. without sincerity. Insincerity, s. dissimulation, want of truth. Insin'ew, v. to strengthen, to confirm. Insin'uate, v. to introduce gently, to creep in; to instil, to hint. Insinuation, s. the act of insinuating. Insin'uative. a. stealing on the affections. Insin'uator, s. one who insinuates. Insip'id, a. void of taste ; dull, flat. Insipid'ity, s. want of taste or spirit. Insip'idly, ad. without taste ; without spirit. Insip'ience, s. silliness, foolishness. Insist', v. to persist in, to urge. Insis'tent, a. standing or resting upon, Insf'tiency, s. an exemption from thirst. Insf'tion, s. the act of grafting ; a graft. Insna're. See Ensnare. Insobri'ety, s. drunkenness, intemperance. lnso'ciable, a. not sociable. Insola'tion, s. exposure to the sun; the in- fluence of a scorching sun on the brain, a sun-stroke. In'solence, s. pride, haughtiness. In'solent, a- Haughty, proud, overbearing. In'solently, ad. haughtily, rudely. Insolid ity, s. want of solidity ; weakness. Insolubility, s. wanting solubility. Insol'uble, a. not soluble. Insol'vable, a. not to be solved or paid. Insolvency, s. an inability to pay debts. Insolvent, a. not able to pay debts. Insomuch', ad. so that, to such a degree. Inspect', v. to look into ; to oversee. Inspection, s. a close examination Inspector, s. a superintendent. fnspec'torship, s. the office of an inspector. Insper'sion, s. a sprinkling upon. Insphe're, v. to place in an orb. Inspi'rable, a. inhalable. Inspiration, 5. a drawing in of the breath ; the act of breathing into something ; the supernatural influence of the Holy Spirit. Inspiratory, a. pertaining to inspiration. Inspi're, v. to breathe or infuse into. Inspi'rer, s. one who inspires or animates. Inspirit, v. to animate, to encourage. Inspis'sate, v. to thicken, to make thick. Inspissa'tion, s. the act of thickening liquids. Instability, s. mutability, fickleness. Insta'ble, a. inconstant, changing. Insta'bleness, s. mutability; instability. Install, v. to put into the stall or seat of office ; to invest with office. Installation, s. a putting into possession. Instalment. *. the act of installing; part of a sum of money paid at stated times. In'stance, s. importunity; motive; example. ln'stance, v. to give or offer an example. In'stant, s. the present moment or month. In'stant, a. urgent, immediate, quick. Instautanelty, s. production in an instant. lostanta'neous, a. done in an instant. Instama'neously, ad. in an instant. i45 INS Instantane'ousness, s. the quality of being done tn an instant. Instan'ter, ad. without delay; immediately In'stantly, ad. immediately, momentarily. Instar', v. to set with stars or brilliants. Insta'te, v. to place in a certain rank. Instau'ration, s. a restoration, a renewal. Instead', ad. in place of. Insteep', v. to soak, to lay in water. In'step, s. the upper part of the foot. In'stigate, v. to stimulate or urge to ill. Instiga'tion, s. an incitement to a crime. In'stigator, s. an inciter to ill. Instil', v. to infuse by drops ; to insinuate- Instilla'tion, s. the act of pouring in by drops ; the act of infusing into the mind. Instil'ment, s. any thing instilled. Instinct, s. the natural faculty or disposition by which animals are prompted to do what- ever is necessary for their preservation. Instinc'tive, a. prompted by instinct. Instinc'tively, ad. by the force of instinct. Institu'te, v. to found or establish ; to appoint, In'stitute, s. an established law, a precept ; a society for the promotion of knowledge. Institution, s. the act of establishing ; an establishment; a settlement, a law. Institutionary, a. containing first principles. In'stitutist, s. a writer of institutes. In'stitutive, a. able to establish. In'stitutor, s. an establisher ; an instructor. Instruct', v. to teach, to train up, to direct. Instruc'tible, a. able to be instructed. Instruction, s. the act of teaching ; informa- tion ; mandate, precept. Instruc'tive, a. conveying knowledge. Instructively, ad. so as to convey knowledge* Instruc'tiveness, s. power of instructing. Instruc'tor, s. one who instructs ; a teacher. Instruc'tress, s. a female instructor. Instrument, s. a tool or machine ; a deed 01 legal document ; an agent. Instrumen'tal, a. conducive to some end , pertaining to musical instruments. Instrumentality, s. instrumental agency. Instrumen'tally, ad. as means to some end. Insuavlty, s. unpleasantness ; roughness. Insubjec'tion, s. state of disobedience. Insubor'dinate,a.not submitting to authority . Insubordina'tion, s. state of disobedience. Insubstan'tial, a. not real ; unsubstantial. Insufferable, a. insupportable, intolerable. Insufferably, ad. beyond endurance. Insuffi/'ciency, s. inadequateness, inability. Insufficient, a. inadequate, unfit. Insufff'ciently, ad. inadequately. Insuffla'tion, s. the act of breathing upon. In'sular, a. belonging to an island. In'sulate, v. to make an island ; to detach. In'sulated, a. detached, separated. In'sult, s. an act of insolence or contempt. Insult', v. to treat with insolence. Insult'er, s. one who insults. Insultingly, ad. with insolent contempt. Insu'perable, a. insurmountable, invincible. Insu'perableness, s. the being insuperable. Insu'perably,«ef. invincibly, insurmountably. Insuppor'table, a. not to be endured. Insupporfableness, s. state not to beendured, Insupporfably, ad. beyond endurance. Insuppres'sible, a. not to be suppressed, H INS 146 INI Insu'rable, a. capable of being insured. Insu'rance, s. security against hazard by the payment of a certain sum. Insu're, v. to make certain ; to secure. Insu'rer, s. one who insures any thing. Insur'gent, s. one -who rises in rebellion against the established government. Insurmountable, a, insuperable. Insurmountably, ad. insuperably. Insurrection, s. a rebellion, a sedition. Insurrectionary, a. rebellious. Insuscep'tible, a. not susceptible; not ca- pable of admitting. Intac'tible, a. not perceptible to the touch. Inta'gliated, a. engraved, stamped on. Inta'glio, s. a precious stone with a head or inscription engraved on it. Intan'gible, a. not perceptible to the touch. Intan'gibleness, Intangibil'ity, s. the quality of being intangible. In'teger, s. a whole ; not a part. In'tegral, a. whole, not fractional, complete. Integrality, s. wholeness ; completeness. In'tegrally, ad. wholly; completely. In'tegrant, a. making part of a whole. Integrate, v. to form one whole. Integration, s. the act of making whole. Integ'rity, s. uprightness, honesty. Integ'ument, s. a covering; the skin. Intellect, s. perception, understanding. Intellec'tion, s. the act of understanding. Intellective, a. able to understand. Intellectual, a. relating to the intellect; mental ; having power of understanding. InteJlec'tualist, s. one who overrates the human understanding. Inteileciual'ity, s. intellectual power. Intellectually, ad. by the understanding. Intelligence, *. information; skill. Intel'ligencer, s. one who conveys news. Intelligent, a. knowing, instructed, skilful. Intel! igential, a. intellectual. Intelligibility, Intel'ligibleness, s. the state or quality« of being intelligible. Intelligible, a. easily understood. Intelligibly, ad. so as to be understood. Intem'perament, s. bad constitution. Intem'perance, s. excess, irregularity. Intem'perate, a. immoderate, ungovernable. Intern 'perately, ad. immoderately. Intem'perateness, s. want of moderation. Intem'perature, s. excess of some quality. Intempest'ive, a. unseasonable; untimely. Inten'able, a. indefensible ; untenable. Intend', v. to mean, to design, to regard. Inten'dant, s. an officer who superintends. Intend'edly, ad. by design; on purpose. Intend'ment, s. intention ; design. Inten'se, a. strained, vehement, ardent. Inten'sely, ad. to a great or extreme degree. Inten'seness, .y. the state of being intense. Intension, s. the act of straining any thing. Inten'sity, s. intenseness; excess. Inten'sive, a. intense ; augmenting. Intensively, ad. by increase of degree. Intent', .'/. bent upon, fixed, earnest Intent', s. a design, purpose, drift, view. Inter: lion, s. a purpose, a design, an aim. Tnten'tional, a. designed, done by design. Inten'tionally, ad. by design ; with cnoioc. Intensive, a. diligently, attentive. Inten'tively, ad. with application, closely. Inten'tiveness, J. diligent application. Intently, ad. with close attention. Intent'ness, s. anxious application. Inter', v. to bury, to put under ground. In'teract, s. the time between the acts. Intercal'ary, Inter'ealar, a. inserted out of the common order to preserve the equation of time, as the 2&th of February in a leap- year is an intercalary day. Intercalate, v. to insert or add a day. Intercalation, s. insertion of a day. Interce'Je, v. to mediate, to go between. Interce'dent, a. mediating, going between. Interce'der, s. one that intercedes. Intercept', v. to seize by the way ; to obstruct. Intercep'ter, s. one who obstructs. Intercep'tion, s. stoppage in course. Intercession, s. mediation, interposition. Interces'sor, s. a mediator, an agent. Intercessory, a. interceding. Interchain', v. to chain, to link together. Interchange, v. to exchange mutually. In'terchange, s. an exchange, a bargain. Interchangeable, a. mutually receivable. Intercha'ngeableness, s. alternate succession. Interchangeably, ad. alternately. Intercha'ngement, s. mutual exchange. Intercip'ient, a. intercepting : s. he or that which intercepts or obstructs. Intercis'ion, s. a cutting off; interruption. Interclu'de, v. to shut out, to intercept. Interclu'sion, s. obstruction ; interception. Intercommunity, s. a mutual community. Tntercos'tal, a. placed between the ribs. Intercourse, s. communication, commerce. Intercur', v. to intervene ; to happen. Intereur'rence, s. a passage between. Intercurrent, a. a running between. Intercuta'neous, a. within or under the skin. In'terdeal, s. mutual dealing, traffic. Interdict', v. to prohibit, to forbid. In'terdict, s. a prohibitory decree. Interdiction, s. a prohibition, a curse. Interdic'tive, a. having power to prohibit. Interdic'tory, a. belonging to an interdiction. In'terest, v. to concern, to affect ; to engage. In'terest, s. a concern, influence ; the profit arising from the use of money. Interested, a. having an interest. Interesting, a. exciting interest. Interfe're, v. to interpose, to intermeddle. Interference, s. interposition. Inter'fluent, Inter'fluous, a. flowing between. Interful'gent, a. shining between. Interfu'sed, a. poured or scattered among. In'terim, 5. in the mean time. Interior, s. that which is within. Inter'ior. a. internal, not outward. Inte'riorly, ad. internally; inwardly. Interja'cent, u. lying between, intervening. Interja'eenc}", s. the act of lying between. Interject', v. to throw in ; to come between* Intenee'tion, s. a sudden exclamation. Interjeet'ionai, a. thrown in between. Interjoin', v. to join mutually ; intermarry. Interknowi'edge, s. a mutual knowledge. Iuterla'oe, v. to intermix, to entwine. Interlap'se, s. the time between two events. Interlard', r to insert between ; to mix. Interlea've, v. to insert blank leaves. INT i47 INT Interli'ne, v. to write between lines. Inter] Ln'ear, Interlin'eary, a. inserted be- tween the lines of the original writing. Interlinea'tion, s. the act of interlining ; a correction by writing between the lines. Interli'ning, s. a writing between tho lines. Interlink', v. to join chains together. Interloca'tion, s. a placing between. Interlocu'tiou, 5. interchange of speech. Interloc'utor, s. one that talks with another. Interloc'utory, a. consisting of a dialogue. Interlo'pe, v. to intrude in or between. Interloper, *. one that interlopes. Interlu'ccnt, a. shining between. In'terlucle, s. a short prelude or farce. Inter lu'nar, Interlu'nary, a. between an old and new moon. Intermarriage, .v. ^marriage in two families, where each takes and gives one. Intermar'ry, v. to marry some of each family ! with the other. Intermed'dle, v. to interpose officiously. Intermed'dler, s. one who intermeddles. Interme'diacy, s. interposition, intervention Interme'dial, a. intervening, lying between Intermediary, a. being between two objects. Interme'diate, a. intervening. Intermc'diately, ad. by way of intervention. Intermediation, s. intervention. Interme'dium, s. a distance between, Inter'ment, s. sepulture, burial. Intermica'tion, s. a shining between. Intermigia'tion. s. an exchange of place. Interminable, Inter'minate, a. unbounded. Intermina'tion, s. a menace, a threat, Intermin'gle, v. to mingle or mix together. Intermis'sion, s\ a cessation for a time. Intermis'sive, a. ceasing for awhile. Intermit', v. to grow mild between fits. Intermit'tent, a. ceasing at intervals: 5. a fever which ceases at intervals. Intermit'tiug, a. coming and ceasing by fits. Intermit'tingly, ad. at intervals. Intermix 7 , v. to mingle or mix together. Intermix'ture, s. a mixture of ingredients. Interna un'dane, a. being between worlds. Intermu'ral, a. lying between walls. Intcrmus'cular, a. between the muscles. Intermuta'tion, s. reciprocal change. Intermu'tual, a. mutual, reciprocal. Inter'nal, a. inward; not external, intrinsic. Iuter'naDy, ad. inwardly, mentally. International, a. as existing between dif- ferent nations. Intcmc'cinc, a. deadly, destructive. Internun'cio, s. a messenger passing and re- passing between two parties. Interpellation, 6'. a summons, a call. Interplead, v. to discuss a point in law that arises incidentally. Interpledg'e, v. to pledge reciprocally. Interpoint', v. to distinguish by stops. Interpolate, v. to insert words improperly ; to foist any thing in. Interpolation, s. something foisted in or added to the original matter. Interpolator, s. one who falsifies a copy by foisting in counterfeit passages. Interposal, s. interposition, intervention. Intcrpo'se, v. to mediate, to intervene. Interpo'ser, s. one that interposes. Interpos'it, s. a place of deposit between one commercial place and another. Interposition, ■?. the act of interposing ; in- tervention ; mediation. Inter'pret, v. to translate, to explain. Inter'pretable, a. capable of being expounded. Interpretation, s. an explanation. Interpretative, a. explanatory ; expositive. Inter'pretatively, ad. by interpretation. Interpreter, s. an expositor, a translator. Interreg'num, s. the time in which a throne is vacant between the death of one prince and the accession of another. Inter'rogate, v. to examine by questions. Interrogation, s. a question, an inquiry; a point marked thus (?) denoting a question. Interrog'ative, s. a pronoun used in asking questions, as who ? what ? which ? Interrog'ative, a. denoting a question. Interrog'atively, ad. in form of a question. Interrogator, s. an asker of questions. Interrogatory, s. a qxiestion, an inquiry: a. containing or expressing a question. Interrupt', v. to stop or hinder : to separate. Interrupt'ed, a. broken, intermitted. Interrupt'edly, ad. not in continuity. Interrupt'er, 5. one who interrupts. Interruption, s. hinderance, intervention. Interseind', v. to cut off. Interscri'be, v. to write between. Interse'cant, a. dividing into parts. Intersect', v. to cut, to cross each other. Intersec'tion, s. a point where lines cross. Intersert', v. to set or put in between. Interser'tion, a', a thing inserted. Interspace, s. an intervening space. Intersper'se, v. to scatter here and there. Intersper'sion, s. the act of scattering about. Interstel'lar, a. among the stars. Interstice, s. a space between things. Interstine'tive, a. distinguishing. Intersti"tial, a. containing interstices. Intertex'ture, s. a weaving between. Intertropical, a. situated between the tropics. Intertwi'ne, v. to unite by twisting. Intertwist', v. to twist one with another. In'terval, s. space between places; time be- tween acts or events. Intervc'ne, v. to come between, to interpose. Interve'nient, a. coming between. Intervention, s. interposition, mediation. Intervert', v. to turn to another course. Ir.'tcrview, s. a sight of one another. Intervol've, v. to involve one in another. Interwea've, v. to mix one with another. Interweaving, s. intertexture. Interwre'athed, a. woven in a wreath. lutes'table, a. disqualified to make a will. Intes'tacy, s. state of dying without a will. Irites'tate, a. dying without making a will, Intes'iinal, a. belonging to the bowels. Intes'tine, a. interna], inward; domestic. Intestines, ,?. pi. the bowels, the entrails. Inthral'j v. to enslave, to shackle. Inthral'ment, s. servitude, slavery. Intliro'ne. Sec Enthrone. In'timacy, s. close familiarity. In'timate, v. to hint, to suggest indirectly. In'timate, a. inmost, inward, familiar. In'timate, s. a familiar friend. ln'tiinately, ad. closely, familiarly. H 2 INT 148 INV Iutima'tion, s. a hint ; an obscure or indirect suggestion. Intimidate, v. to frighten., to overawe. Xntimida'tion, s. the act of intimidating. In'to, prep, denoting entrance. Intolerable, a. insufferable, very bad. Intol'erahleness, s. state not to be endured. Intol'erably, ad. beyond endurance. Intolerance, s. bigotry ; want of toleration. Intol'erant, a. not tolerant, bigoted. Intol'erant, s. one averse to toleration, a bigot. Intomb'. See Entomb. In'tonate, v. to sound ; to thunder. Intona'tion, s. the act or manner of sounding. Into'ne, v. to make a slow protracted noise. Intort'. v. to twist, to wreath. Intox'icate, v. to make drunk, to inebriate. Intoxicate, Intoxicated, a. inebriated. Intoxica'tion, s. inebriation, drunkenness. Intractability, Intrac'tableness. s. the qual- ity of being intractable ; obstinacy. Intrac'table, a. unmanageable, unruly. Intrac'tabiy. ad. stubbornly, perverselv. Tntranquil'lity, s. unquietness ; want of rest. Intran'sient, a. not passing quickly away. Intransitive, a. applied to a verb when the action does not pass over to an object. Intransitively, ad. without the action pass- ing over. Intransmu'table, a. not transmutable. Intreas'ure, v. to lay up as in a treasury. Intrench', v. to fortify with a trench or ram- part : to encroach upon. Intrench 'ant, a. not to be cut or divided. Intrench'nicnt, S: a fortification, with a trench, to defend against an attack. Intrep'id, a. fearless, resolute, brave. Intrepidity, s. fearlessness, courage. Intrcp'idly, ad. fearlessly, daringly. In'tricable, a. entangling, ensnaring. In'tricacy, s. complication, perplexity. In'tricatc, a. perplexed, involved, obscure. In'tricately, ad. with intricacy. In'tricatcness, s. perplexity ; obscurity. Intrica'tion, s. an entanglement; a snare. Intri'gue, s. a plot, a cabal ; an amour. Intri'gue, v. to form plots ; to carry on private designs by intrigue. [ntri'guer, s. one who intrigues. Intriguing] y, ad. with secret plotting. Intrin'sic, Intrin'sical, a. inward, true, real. Intrinsically, ad. internally; really. Introdu'ce. v. to bring in, to make known. Introdu'cer, s. one who introduces. Introduc'tion, s. a bringing in ; a preface. Introduc'tive, a. serving to introduce. Introduc'tor, s. one who introduces. Introductory, a. previous, prefatory. Introgres'sion, s. the act of entering. Intromis'sion, s. the act of intromitting. Intromit', v. to send or let in, to admit. Introspee'tion, s. a view of the inside. Introve'nient, a. entering, coming in. Introvert', v. to turn inwards. IntrovcrSion, S. the act of turning inwards. Intru'dc, v. to thrust oneS self rudely into company ; to intermeddle ; to encroach. Intru'der, a', an encroacher, an interloper. Intru'sion, s. the act of intruding. Intru'sire, a. intruding upon. Intrust', v. to put in trust ; to confide Intui'lion, s. the act of the mind in pcrceiv- ing truth without argument or reasoning. Intuitive, a. seen by the mind immediately without the intervention of reason. Intuitively, ad. by immediate perception. Intumes'cence, s. a swelling, a tumor. Inturges'cence, s. the act or state of swelling. Intwi'ne. See Entwine. Intwist'. See Entwist. ! Inum'bratc, v. to cover with shades. i Inunc'tion. s. the act of anointing. j Inun'dant. a. overflowing. I Inun'date, v. to overflow ; to overwhelm. Inunda'tion, s. an overflow of water, deluge. Inurbanlty, s. rudeness, unkindness. ! Inu're, v. to habituate, to accustom. \ Inurn', v. to intomb, to bury. j Inusita'tion, 5. state of being unused. Inu'tile. a. useless, unprofitable. Inutility, s. unprofitableness, uselessness. Inut'terable, a. that cannot be uttered. I Inva'de, v. to enter in a hostile manner ; t» attack, to as-ail. Inva'der, s. one who invades. Invalid, a. wenk, of no force or weight. Invalid', s. a soldier or other person disabled by sickness or wounds. Invalidate, v. to weaken ; to make void. Invalida'tion, s. the act of weakening. Invalidity, s. weakness, want of strength. Invalid'ness, s. invalidity. Inval'uable. a. precious above estimation. I Inval'uably, ad. inestimably. Inva'riable, a. unchangeable, constant. Inva'riableness, s. unchangeableness. Inva'riably, ad. constantly, steadfastly. InvaSion. s. a hostile entrance, an attack. InvaSive, a. entering in a hostile manner. Invec'tive. a. satirical, abusive : s. a railing speech ; reproachful censure. Invec'tively. ad. satirically, abusively. Inveigh', v. to rail at, declaim against. I Inveigh'er, s. one who inveighs. Invei'gle, v. to allure, to entice. i Invei'element, a\ allurement, seduction. ' Invei'gler, s. a deceiver, an allurer. Invent', v. to discover, to forge, to feign. Invent'ful, a. full of invention. i Inven'tion. s. the art or faculty of inventing ; thin? invented ; a forgery. Inventive, a. apt to invent, ingenious. Invent'or, Invent'er, s. one who invents. . Invento'rial, a. belonging to an inventory. : Invento'rially, ad. as an inventory. ; In'ventory. s. a catalogue of goods. ; Invent'ress, s. a female that invents. 1 Inver'se, a. inverted, opposed to direct. Inver'sely, ad. in an inverted order. ! Inversion, s. change of order, time, or place. Invert', v. to turn upside down; or to place in a contrary order. ; Inver'tebral, Inver'tebrated, a. destitute of a backbone or vertebral chaiD. Invert'edlv, ad. in contrary or reversed order. Invest', v. to clothe; to array; to enclose. Inves'tigable, a. that may be searched out. Inves'tigate, v. to trace or search out. Investigation, s. a searching examination. I Inves'tigative, a. searching closely. Inves'tigator, s. one who diligently searches. I InTes'titure, s. the act of giving possession. INV 149 IER Inves'tive, a. encircling, enclosing. Livest'ment, s. the investing or laying out money in the purchase of property. Invet'eracy, jr. obstinacy confirmed by time. Invet'erate, a. old, deeply rooted, obstinate. Invet'erate, v. to fix by long continuance. Invct'erately, ad. with obstinacy ; violently. Invid'ious, a envious; malignant. Invidiously, ad. enviously; malignantly. Invid'iousness, 5. quality of provoking envy. Invigorate, v. to strengthen, to give vigour to. Invigora'tion, s. the act of invigorating. Invincibility, Invin'cibleness, s. the quality of being invincible. tnvin'cible, a. not to be conquered. f nvin'cihly, ad. unconquerably. Inviolability, s. quality of being inviolable. Invi'olable, a. not to be violated. Invi'olably, ad. in an inviolable manner. Invi'olate, a. uninjured, unprofaned. Invi'olated, a. unprofaned, not violated. In'vious, a. impassable. Invis'cate, v. to daub with glutinous matter. In visibility, *. the state of being invisible. Invis'ible, a. not to be seen ; imperceptible. Invis'ibleness, s. imperceptibleness. Invisibly, ad. imperceptibly to the sight. Invita'tion. s. an inviting, a bidding. Invi'tatory, a. using or containing invitation. Invi'te, v. to bid or ask to a place; to ask. Invi'tcr, s. one who invites. Invi'tingly, ad. in an enticing manner. In'vocate, v. to implore, to call upon. Invocation, s. a calling upon in prayer. In'voice, s. a list of goods sold or consigned to another, with the prices. In'voice, ». to make an invoice. Invo'ke, v. to call upon ; to pray to. Involu'crum, Involu'cre, s. (in botany) a calyx remote from the flower. Involuntarily, ad. not by choice. Invol'untarincss, s. want of choice or will. Invol'untary, a. not done willingly. In' volute, s. a spiral curve: a. (in botany) rolled spirally inwards. Involution, s. a rolling up ; a complication. Invol've, v. to inwrap; comprise; entangle. iRvol'vedness, s. state of being involved. Invul'nerable. a. that cannot be wounded. Invul'nerableness, Invulnerabil'ity, s. the quality or state of being invulnerable. In'ward, a. internal, placed within. Inward, In'wards, ad. towards the inner parts. In'wardly, ad. in the inner parts. In'wardness, s. intimacy; familiarity. Inweave, v. to mix in weaving, to entwine. Inwrap', v. to involve, perplex, puzzle. Inwrea'the, v. to surround with a wreath.. In' wrought, a. adorned with work. I'odine. s. an undecompounded chemical sub- stance obtained from kelp, potassium, &c. I'olite, s. a mineral ot a dark violet color. Ion'ic. S. one of the architectural orders, taking its name from the lonians, who in- vented it. Io'ta, s. a point ; a tittle; a jot. Ipecacuan'ha, s. a root vised as a mild emetic. Irascibil'ity, Iras'cibleness, s. a proneness or disposition to anger. Ims'cible, a. apt to be easily provoked. Ire, s. anger, rage, passionate hatred. I'reful, a. very angry, raging, furious. I'refully, ad. with ire ; in an angry manner. Irides'cent, a. exhibiting the primary colors; of bright and glittering colors. Iridium, s. a component of platinum. I'ris, s. the rainbow ; the circle round the pupil of the eye', the flower-de-luce. I'rised, I'risated, a. resembling the rainbow. I'rish, s. the language or people of Ireland : a. produced or made in Ireland. I'rishism, s. an Irish idiom. Irk, v. to weary ; as, " it irks me." Irk'some, a. wearisome. Irk'somoly, ad. wearisomely; tediously. Irk'someness, s. wearisomeness. I'ron, s. a hard useful metal: a. made of iron; harsh; v. to smoothewith a hot iron. Ironheart'ed, a. unfeeling; cruel; severe. Iron'ical, a. expressing one thing and mean- ing another; pertaining to irony. Iron'ically, ad. in an ironical manner. I'ronist, s. one who uses ironical language. Ironmonger, s. a dealer in iron. I'ronmould, s. a yellow stain in linen. I'ronstone, s. an ore of iron. I'ronwood, 4?. wood hard and ponderous. I'ronwork, s. materials made of iron. I'ronworks, s. pi. an iron foundry; the place where iron is wrought into bars, &c. I'ron y, s. a manner of speaking quite con- trary to what we mean. I'ron y, a. made of iron; partaking of iron. Irra'dianee, Irra'diancy, s. emission of rays or beams of light upon any subject. Irra'diate, v. to dart rays into, to enlighten. Irra'diate, a. adorned with brightness. Irradia'tion, s. an emission of rays. Irra"tional, a. contrary to reason, absurd. Irrational 'ity, s. want of reason. Irra"tionally, ad. unreasonably, absurdly. Irreclaim'able, a. not to be reclaimed. Irreclaim'ably, ad. so as not to be reclaimed. Irreconcilable, a. not to be reconciled. Irreconci'lableness, s. the being irreconcilable. Irreconcilably, ad. beyond reconciliation. Irreconcilia'tion, s. want of reconciliation. Irrecord'able, a. not to be recorded. Irrecoverable, a. not to be recovered. Irrecov'erableness, s. state beyond recovery. Irrecov'erably, ad. beyond recovery. Irredeemable, a. that cannot be redeemed. Irredu'cible, a. that cannot be reduced. Irrefragabil'ity, *. strength of argument not to be refuted; undeniableness. Irrefragable, a. not to be confuted. Iiref'ragably, ad- above confutation. Irrefutable, a. that cannot be refuted. Irrefu'tably, ad. beyond refutation. Irreg'ular, a. immethodical ; disorderly. Irregular'ity, s. neglect of method and order, Irreg'ularly, ad. in an in-egular manner. Irreg'ulate, v. to make irregular. Irrel'ative, a. not relative, unconnected. Irrel'atively, ad. unconnected] y. Irrel'evancy, S. state of being irrelevant. Irrelevant, a. not to the purpose. Irrel'evantly,«rf. without being to the purpose. Irreliev'able, a. not admitting relief. Irreli"gion, *.-centempt of religion, impiety. Irreli'gious, a. ungodly, impious. Irreli"gious3y, ad. impiously, with impiety. IRE 150 JAC Irre'meable, a. admitting no return. Irreme'diable, a. admitting no cure. Irreme'diableness, s. the being irremediable. Irreme'diably, ad. without relief. Trremis'sible, a. not to be remitted. Irremis'sibleness, s. unpardonableness. Irremis'sibly, ad. so as not to be pardoned. Irremo'vable, a. not to be moved. Irremu'nerable, a. not to be rewarded. Irrenown'cd, a. void of honor ; unrenowned. Irreparabillty, s. state of being irreparable. Irrep'arable, a. not to be repaired or re- covered; incapable of amendment. Irrep'arably, ad. without recovery. Irrepeal'ab'le, a. that cannot be repealed. Irrepen'tanee, s. want of repentance. Irrepleviable, a. (in law) not to be redeemed. Irreprehen'sible, a. exempt from blame. Irreprehen'sibloness, s. the quality of being irreprehensiblc. Irreprehen'sibly, ad. without blame. Irrepres'sible, a. not to be repressed. Irreproach'able, a. free from reproach. Irreproach'ableness, s. the quality or state of being irreproachable. Irreproach'ably, ad. without reproach. Irrepro'vable, a. not liable to be blamed. Irrepro'vably, ad. beyond reproof. Irresist'ance, *. indisposition to oppose. Irresistibility, s. the being irresistible. Irresistible, a. that cannot be resisted. Irresistlbleness. s. power beyond resistance. Irresistibly, ad. in an irresistible manner. Trresist'less, a. not to be resisted. Irres'oluble, a. not to be broken or dissolved. Irres'olubleness, s. indissolublencss. Irres'olute, a. not determined, not steady. Irres'olutely, ad. without firmness of mind. Irres'oluteness, s. want of determination. Irresolulion, s. want of firmness of mind. Irresolv'edly, ad. without determination. Irrespec'tive, a. regardless of circumstances. Irrespectively, ad. not regarding, or without regard to circumstances. Irresponsibility, s. want of responsibility. Irresponsible, a. not answerable for. Irreten'tive, a. incapable of retaining. Irretriev'able, a. irrecoverable, irreparable. Irretriev'ableness, s. state past recovery. Irretrievably, ad. irrecoverably. Irreverence, s. a want of veneration. Irrev'erent, a. wanting in reverence ; not paying due respect. Irreverently, ad. without due veneration. Irreversible, a. not to be changed or recalled. Irrever'sibleness, 5. state or quality of being irreversible. Irrever'sibly, ad. so as not to be changed. Irrevocability, s. impossibility of recall. Irrevocable, a. not to be recalled. Irrev'ocableness, s. state of being irrevocable. Irrevocably, ad. without recall. Ir'rigate, v. to water, to moisten. Irriga'tion, s. the act of watering. Irriglious, a. watery, dewy, moist, wet. Irrislon, s. the act of laughing at another. Irritability, s. the state of being irritable. Ir'ritable, a. easily provoked or excited. Ir'ritate, v. to provoke, to excite. Irrita'tion, s. provocation ; stimulation. Ir'ritative, a. calculated to excite or irritate. Ir'ritatory, a. stimulating; exciting. Insip'tion, S. an inroad ; entrance by force. Irrup'tive, a. bursting forth ; rushing in. Is. See the verb Be. I'singlas, s. a glutinous substance prepared from the intestines of certain fish. Is'lamism, s. orthodox Mahomedanism. I'sland, Isle, s. land surrounded by water. I'slander, s. an inhabitant of an island. I'slet, s. a little island. Isoclrronal, Isoc'hronous, a. having equal tinaes ; performed in equal times. I'solate, v. to separate, to detach. I'so-lated, a. detached, separate. Isola'tion, s. separation ; a being detached. Isos'celes, s. a triangle with two equal sides, Isotherm'al, a. of equal temperature. Isotonic, a. having equal tones. Is'raeiite, s. a descendant of Israel ; a Jew. Is'raclitish, a. pertaining to Israel. Issuable, a. fit to be issued. Is'sue, *. the act of coming out ; an event ; result ; conclusion ; a vent or fontanel made in a muscle for the discharge of humors ; offspring or children. Is'sue, v. to send out, come out, arise. Issueless, a. not having any descendants. Ist'hmus, s. a neck of land, by which a peninsula or two continents are connected. It, pr. the thing, matter, affair. Italian, a. relating to Italy : s. a native of Italy ; the language of Italy. Ital'ianize, v. to render conformable to Italian custom or fashion. Italic, a. relating to the letters called Italics. Italics, s. pi. a kind of type first used by Italian printers, and now employed for distinction or emphasis. Italicise, v. to distinguish by Italics. Itch, s. a disease, a teasing desire. Itch, v. to feel irritation in the skin. Itching, s. a feeling of uneasiness in the skin. Itch'y, a. infected with the itch. I'tem, s. an article : v. to note down. It'erable, a. capable of being repeated It'erant, a. repeating. It'erate, v. to repeat, to do over again. Itera'tion, s. a recital over again, repetition. It'erative, a. repeating ; redoubling. Itin'erant, a. wandering, unsettled. Itin'erary, s. a diary or book of travels. Itin'erate, v. to travel : to journey. Itself, pr. it and self. I'vory, 5. the tooth of the elephant. I'vory-black, s. a fine kind of black, mado of burned ivory or bones. I'vy, s. a common plant. I'vved, a. overgrown with ivy. Jab'ber, v. to talk much or idly; to prate: s. unmeaning prattle. Jab'berer, s. one who talks inarticulately. Jab'berment, s. idle talk, prate. Ja'cent, a. lying at length, extended. Jack, s. an engine for turning a spit ; a stock for pulling "off boots ; a young pike ; the familiar name or diminutive of John._ Ja-ck'al, s. a beast somewhat resembling a fox, said to hunt or start prey for the lion. Jaek'-a-lent, s. a simple sheepish fellow. J AC 151 JIG Jack'anapes, s. a .monkey ; a coxcomb. Jaek'ass, s. the male of the ass. Jaek'-boots, s. long boots to defend the logs. Jack'daw, s. a black chattering bird. Jack'et, s. a close waistcoast ; a short coat. Jack-pud'ding, s. a zany ; a inerry-andrew. Jae'obin, s. one of a French revolutionary society which met at the monastery of Jacobin friars or the church of St. Jaco- bus ; a democrat or opposer of monarchy. Jae'obin, Jacobin'ical, a. holding the prin- ciples of modern Jacobins. Jac'obine, s. a pigeon with a high tuft. Jac'obmism, s. violent and unreasonable op- position to legitimate government. Jac'obite, s. a partisan of James II. Jaeo'bus, s. a gold coin of the reign of James I. of the value of twenty-rive shillings. Jactita'tion, s. a tossing motion ; restlessness. Jae'ulate, v. to dart ; to shoot out. Jacula'tion, s. the act of throwing or darting. Jac'ulatory, a. suddenly darted out. Jade, s. a worthless horse ; a hussy. Jade, v. to tire cut. to weary. Ja'dery, s. jadish tricks. Ja'dish, a. unruly, vicious ; unchaste. Jag, v. to notch : s. a denticulation. Jag'gedncss, s. unevenncss on the edge Jag'gy, a. uneven, notched, ragged. Jag'uar, s. the American tiger. Jail, Gaol, s. a prison. Jail'bird, s. one who has been in a jail. Jail'er, s. the keeper of a prison. Jakes, s. a house of office or privy. Jai'ap, s. a purgative root. Jam, s. a conserve of fruit ; a child's frock. Jam, v. to confine between, to wedge in. Jamb, s. a door-post ; a supporter Jam'beux, s. armour for the legs. Jane, s. a kind of fine fustian. Jan'gle, s. prate ; discordant sound. Jan'gle, v. to wranglo, to be out of tunc. Jan'glor, s. a wrangling noisy fellow. Jan'gling, s. a noisy dispute, wrangling. Jan'itor, s. a door-keeper, a porter. Jan'izary, s. a Turkish soldier ; a guard. Ja'ntily, ad. briskly, airily. Ja'ntiness, .? showiness, airiness ; flutter. Ja'nty, a. showy, airy, dashing. Jan'uary, s. the first month of the year. Japan', s. a varnish, original] y from Japan: v. to vamish, to make black and glossy. Japane'so, a. pertaining to Japan: s. a native, or the language of Japan. Japan'ner, s. one skilled in japan work. Tapan'ning, s. the art of painting and var- nishing on wood, after the manner of the Japanese. Jar, v. to clash, to sound harshly ; to quarrel. Jar, s. a harsh sound ; an earthen vessel. Jar'gon, s. gibberish, nonsensical talk. Jargonel'le, [Fr.] s. a species of pear. Jar'ring, s. a collision ; a quarrel. Jas'mine, s. a shrub with a fragrant flower. Jas'per, s. a precious green stone. Jaun'dice, s. a disease which gives the eyes and skin a yellow hue, and causes every tiling to appear yellowish to the patient. Jaun'diced, a. affected with the jaundice. Jaunt, v. to drive briskly about. Jaunt, s. a brisk drive, an excursion. Jau'ntily. SeeJantily. Jau'ntiness. See Jantiness. Jau'nty. See Janty. Jav'elin, s. a spear or half pike. Jaw, s. the bone in which the teeth are fixed. Jaw, v. to abuse grossly and vulgarly. Jay, s. a bird with gaudy feathers. Jeal'ous, s. angry at rivalship, emulous. Jcal'ously, ad. suspiciously; emulously. Jeal'ousness, s. suspicious vigilance. Jeal'ousy, s. suspicion, especially in love. Jeer, v. to mock, to scoff, to flout. Jeer, s. a scoff, a gibe. Jeer'er, s. a. scoffer, a mocker. Jeer'ing, s. contemptuous mockery. Jeer'ingly, ad. jibingly, scornfully. Jeho'vah, s. the scripture name of God. Jeju'ne, a. hungry, bare, barren. Jeju'neness, s. poverty ; a want of matter. Jeju'nity, j. barrenness or dryness of style. Jellied, a. glutinous ; in a state of viscosity Jel'ly, j. a sweetmeat in a glutinous state. Jen'net, Gen'et, s. a small Spanish horse. Jen'ny, s. a spinning machine. Jeop'ard, Jeop'ardize, v. to hazard. Jeop'ardous, a. hazardous, dangerous. Jeop'ardy, j. danger, peril, hazard. Jerk, v. to yerk or throw with a quick smart motion: s. a quick smart blow or motion. Jcr'kin, s. a jacket or short coat. Jer'sey, s. a fine yarn of wool. Jess, s. a short strap about the legs of a hawk. Jes'samine. See Jasmine. Jest, s. something to raise laughter ; a joke ; a laughing-stock. Jest, v. to divert or make sport ; to joke. Jest'er, s. one given to merriment ; a buffoon. Jest'ing, s. talk to raise laughter. Jest'ingly, ad. in jest ; with merriment. Jes'uit, s. one of a religious order which took the name of the Society of Jesus. Jesuit'ieal, a. like a Jesuit. Jes'uitism, s. the principles of the Jesuits. Jet, .?. a beautiful black fossil. Jet, *. a shoot or spout of water. Jet, v. to shoot forward, to project. Jet-d'eau, [Fr.] s. an ornamental water-spout. Jet'sam, Jet'son, s. any kind of goods thrown ashore by shipwreck and claimed by the lord of trio manor. Jct'tee, s. the projecting part of a building. Jet'ty, s. amole projecting into the sea. Jet'ty, a. made of jet, black as jet. Jew, s. a Hebrew ; an Israelite. Jew'el, s. a precious: stone ; a gem. Jew'el, v. to dress or adorn with jewels. Jew'elled, a. adorned with jewels. Jew'eller, s. one who deals in precious stones. Jew'ellery, s. jewels collectively. Jew'ess, s. a woman professing Judaism Jew'ish, a. relating to the Jews. Jew'ishiy, ad. alter the manner of the Jews. Jew'ry, s. Judea ; a quarter or place in town inhabited by Jews. JewV-harp, s. a small musical instrument. Jez'ebel, s. a forward, shameless woman. Jib, s. the foremost sail in a ship. Jib'-boom, s. a spar at the end of the bow- sprit, on which a sail is set. Jibe. See Gibe. Jig, s. a brisk quick dance or tune. JIG 152 JXJl Jig, v. to dance a jig, Jig'ger, s. a machine to hold on the cahle. JU'fliit, s. a giddy or wanton woman. Jilt, s. a woman who deceives or forsakes her lover : v. to deceive or forsake. Jin'gle, 5. a sharp clinking sound. Jin'gle, v. to sound with a shrill rattle. Job, s. a piece of chance work ; a work un- dertaken for the purpose of deriving from it some unfair private emolument. Job, v. to carry on jobs. Job'ber, s. one who jobs. Job'bernowl, s. a loggerhead, a dunce. Jock'ey, s. one who rides for hire, or deals in horses: v. to jostle, to cheat, to trick. Jock'eyship, s. the art of riding race-horses. Joco'se, a. given to jokes, merry. Joco'sely, ad. in jest, waggishly. Joco'seness, s. the quality of being jocose. Joc'ular, a. jocose, waggish. Joc'ularity, s. disposition to mirth; mirth. Joc'ular] y, ad. in a jocose way. Joc'ulator, s. a jester, a droll, a minstrel. Joc'ulatory, a. droll ; merrily spoken. Joc'und, a. merry, blithe, lively, airy. Jocun'dity, s. gayety, mirth, pleasantry. Joc'undly, ad. merrily, sportfully, gayly. Joc'undness, s. state of being jocund. Jog, s. a push ; a hint or intimation given by a slight shake. Jog, Jog'gle, v. to shake, to push ; to nudge. Jog'ger, s. one who moves heavily and dully. Join, v. to unite, to combine, to close. Join'der, s. a conjunction, a joining. Join'er, s. one who joins; a carpenter. Join'ery, s. an art by which several pieces of wood are fitted and joined together. Join'ing, s. the act of joining ; a joint or juncture; a hinge. Joint, s. a joining ; articulation of limbs; a limb of an animal cut up. Joint, v. to form with joints ; to divide a joint. Joint, a. shared by two or more, combined. Joint'ed, a. full of joints or knots. Joint'heir, s. an heir having a joint interest. Joint'ly, ad. together, not separately. Joint'stool, s. a stool made by framing the joints into each other. Join'tress, s. a woman who has a jointure. Join'ture, s. an income settled on a wife, to be enjoyed after her husband's decease, in consideration of her dowry. Join'ture, v. to endow with a jointure. Joist, s. the secondary beam of a floor. Joke, v. to jest, to be merry : s. a jest. Jo'ker, s. a jester, a merry fellow. Jo'king, s. the act of passing jokes. Jo'kingly, ad. in a jesting, merry way. Jole, s. the face or cheek; the head of a fish. Jol'lily, ad. in a jolly manner. Jol'liness, s. jollity, mirth. Jol'lity, s. merriment, festivity, gayety. Jol'ly, a. jovial, merry ; plump, like one in good health. Jol'lv-boat, s. a term for a ship's small boat. Jolt, v. to shake, as a carriage on rough gr. und : s. a sudden shock or shake. Jo'lti r, s. that which shakes or jolts. Jo'iti ead, s. a blockhead, a dolt. Jon quille, [Fr. s. a species of daffodil. Joi'iien, s. a chamber vessel. Jos'tle, v. to push against. Jot, s. a point, a tittle. Jot, v. to set or note down. Jot'ting, s. a memorandum. Jour'nal, s. a diary, a paper published daily. Jour'nalist, s. a writer of journals. Jour'nalize, v. to enter in a journal. Jour'ney, s. the travel of a day ; travel gen- erally, but particularly by land. Jour'ney, v. to travel from place to place. Journeyman, s. a workman hired by the day. Jour'neywork, s. work performed for hire. Joust, s. a tilt, a tournament; a mock fight: v. to run or engage in the tournament. Jo'vial, a. jolly, merry, gay. Jo'vialist, s. one who lives jovially. Jo'vially, ad. merrily, gayly. Jo'vialness, Jo'viality, s. merriment, festivity. Jowl. See Jole. Jow'ler, s. a hunting dog or beagle. Joy, s. gladness, mirth, happiness, festivity. Joy, v. to rejoice, to be glad. Joy'ful, a. full of joy, merry, exulting. Joy'fully, ad. merrily, gladly, with joy. Joy'fulness, j. joy, gladness, exultation Joy'less, a. destitute of joy or pleasure. Joy'lessly, ad,, without receiving pleasure. Joy'lessness, s. state of being joyless. Joy'ous, a. glad, merry, giving joy. Joy'ously, ad. with joy ; with gladness. Joy'ousness, s. state of being joyous. Ju'bilant, a. uttering songs of triumph. Jubila'tion, s. the act of declaring triumph. Ju'bilee, s. a public festivity. Jucun'dity, s. pleasantness, agreeableness. Juda'ically, ad. after the Jewish manner. Ju'daism, s. the religion of the Jews. Juda'ical, a. Jewish, belonging to the Jews. Ju'daize, v. to conform to Judaism. Judge, s. an officer who presides in a court of judicature ; one who has authority to decide upon the merit of any thing. Judge, v. to discern ; to decide; to sentence. Tudg'cr, s. one who judges. Judge'ship, s. office or dignity of. a judge. Judg'ment, s. an opinion ; sentence ; con- demnation ; final doom. Ju'dicative, a. having power to judge. Ju'dicatory, a. dispensing justice : s. dispen- sation of justice ; a court of justice. Ju'dicature, s. a power to distribute justice. Judi"cial, a. pertaining to a judge, or to courts of law ; inflicted as a penalty, Judi"cially, ad. in the forms of legal justice. Judi"ciary, a. passing judgment upon. Judi"eious, a. prudent, wise, skilful. Judi"ciously, ad. skilfully, wisely. Judi"ciousness, s. quality of being judicious. Jug, s. a large drinking vessel. Jug, v. to cook by putting into a jug, and then into boiling water. Jug'gle, v. to play tricks by sleight of hand. Jug'gle, s. a trick, an imposture, a deception. j Jug'gler, s. a cheat; one who juggles. Jug'glery, s. legerdemain, imposture. Jug'gling, s. deception, imposture: a. playing tricks, deceiving. Ju'gular, a. belonging to the throat. Ju'gular, s. a large vein of the neck. Juice, s. sap in vegetables; fluid in animals. Jui'celess, a. dry; without moisture. JUI 153 KEY Tui r ciness, s. plenty of juice, succulence. Jui'cy, a. full of juic, succulent. Ju'jube, s. a pulpy fruit, sometimes used as a pectoral ren edy Tulep, s. a plea ant liquid medicine, lu'lian. a. relating to the Julian calendar, so called from Julius Caesar. Juiy'. s. the seventh month of the year. Jum'ble, v. to mix confusedly together. Jum'ble, *. a confused mixture. Jum bier, s. he who jumbles something. Ju'ment, s. a beast of burden. Jump, s. a leap, a skip, a bound. Jump, v. to leap, to skip, to bound. Jump'er, s. one that jumps or leaps. Jun'cate, s. a sweetmeat of curds and sugar. Jur/cous, a. full of bulrushes. Junction, ,?. a union; a coalition. Junc'turc, s. a joint; union; critical time. June, s. the sixth month of the year. Jun'gle, s. land overrun with wood and rank vegetation. Jungly, a. abounding in jungles. Ju'nior, a. younger than another : s. the younger, or the one later in office. Junior'ity, s. the state of being junior. Ju'niper, s. a tree or shrub which produces berries that are used in the distillation of genuine gin. Junk, s. a small Chinese ship. Jun'ket, (for Jun'-cate), s. a sweetmeat; a stolen entertainment: v. to feast secretly. Jun'to, Jun'ta, s. a cabal, a faction. Ju'piter, s. one of the superior planets. Ju'rat, s. a person sworn to some particular duty ; a magistrate in some corporations. Ju'ratory, a. comprising an oath. Juridical, a. pertaining to courts of law. Juridically, ad. with legal authority. Jurisconsult, s. one who gives law opinions. Jurisdiction, s. legal authority ; power of dispensing justice ; a district to which the power of dispensing justice extends. J urisdio'tional,«. according to legal authority. Junsdic'tive, a. having jurisdiction. Jurisprudence, s. the science of law. Jurisprudent, a. understanding law. Jurisprudential, a. relating to the law. Ju'rist, s. a civil lawyer, a civilian. Ju'ror, Ju'ryman, s. one serving on a jury. Ju'ry, s. a certain number of persons sworn to declare the truth upon such evidence as shall be given before them. Ju'rymast, S. a temporary mast. Just, a. upright, equitable, honest. Just, ad. exactly, accurately, nearly. Jus'tice, s. equity, right ; law; one who ad- ministrates justice ; a judge. Jus'ticer, Justiciary, s. a justice. Justiceship, s. ranker office of a justice. Justifiable, a. conformable to justice. .Tus'tifiableness, s. the being justifiable. Justifiably, ad. in a justifiable manner. Justifica'tion, s. a defence, vindication. Justificative, a. having power to justify. Justifica'tor, *. one who justifies. Justifier, s. one who justifies or defends. Jus'tify, v. to show or prove to be just; to clear from sin by pardon ; to clear from guilt, to defend. Jua'tlo. Sec Jos'tlo. Just'ly, ad. uprightly, honestly, properly. Just'ness, s. justice, equity. Jut, Jutty. See Jet and Jetty. Ju'venile, a. youthful, young. Juvenility, s. youthfulness. Juxtaposi'tion, s. a placing or being placed beside each other ; apposition. K. Kail, s. a kind of cabbage ; colewort. Kalei'doscope, s. an optical instrument, en- closing at one end of a tube certain mov- able objects of various colors, the rays from which being reflected, produce an endless variety of beautiful figures. Kal'endar. See Calendar. Ka'li, s. a sea-weed, of the ashes of which glass is made. Hence the -word Alkali. Kangaroo', s. an animal of New Holland. Keck, v. to heave the stomach. Kedge, s. a small anchor used in a river: «. to warp or move by means of a kedgo. Keech, s. a solid lump or mass. Keel, s. the bottom of a ship. Keel'haul, v. to drag under the keel. Keeling, s. a kind of small cod. Keen, a. sharp, eager, acrimonious. Keen'-eyed, a. having acute sight. Keenly, ad. sharply, eagerly, bitterly. Keen'ness, s. sharpness, asperity, eagerness. Keep, v. to hold, to retain, to preserve, to maintain, to last. Keep, s. custody ; the donjon or prison of a feudal castle. Keep'er, s. one who keeps or holds any thing Keep'ership, s. office of a keeper. Keeping, s. custody, support. Keep'sake, s. a gift to be kept for sake of the giver ; a souvenir. Keg, *. a small barrel. Kell, s. a child's caul ; the omentum. Kelp, *. a sea-plant; the calcined ashes of the plant. Kel'py, s. a supposed spirit of the waters in Scotland, of the form of ahorse. Ken, v. to see, to descry ; to know. Ken, *. view; reach of sight; knowledge. Ken'nel, s. a (channel or) watercourse; a cot or house for dogs. Ken'nel, v. to lie or dwell as beasts. Kerb'stone, or Curb'stone, *. a thick kind of stone at the edge of a pavement which keeps in the other stones. Ker'chief, s. a kind of head-dress. Ker'mes, j. an insect from which crunson or scarlet dye is obtained. Kern, s. a hand-mill or quern; an ancient Irish foot-soldier. Ker'nel, s. the substance within a shell. Ker'nel, v. to ripen to kernels. Ker'sey, s. a kind of coarse woollen stuff. Kerseyme're, s. a fine twilled woollen cloth. Kestrel, s. a small kind of hawk. Ketch, j. a heavy ship with two masts. Kettle, s. a vessel for boiling water, &c. Kettle-drum, s. a drum with a body of brass. Key, *. an instrument to open a lock ; an in- dex or explanation; a tone in music. Key hole, s. the hole to put a key in. Key'stone, *. the middle or fastening stone of an arch. H3 KHA 154 KNO Khan, s. a prince, a governor; an inn. Khan'ate, s. the jurisdiction of a khan. Kibe, s. a chap in the heel, a chilblain. Ki'bed, a. chapped; cracked with cold. Kick, v. to strike with the foot. Kick, s. a blow with the foot. Kick'er, s. one who strikes with the foot. Kick'shaw, s. something perfectly disguised by cookery. Kid, s. the young of a goat. Kid, v. to bring forth kids Kid'ling, s. a little kid. Kid'nap, v. to steal (or nab) children. Kid'napper, s. one who steals children. Kid'ney, 5. one of the two glands which sepa- rate the urine from the blood. Kid'ney-bean, s. a garden bean. Kil'derkm, s. a beer measure of 18 gallons. Kill, v. to deprive of life, to destroy. Kil'ler, s. one who deprives of life. Kiln, s. a stove for drying or burning in. Kiln'dry, v. to dry by means of a kiln. Kil'ogram, s. a French measure of capacity. Kilom'eter, s. a French measure of length. Kilt, s. the short petticoat of a Highlander. Kim'bo, a. crooked, bent, arched. Kin, s. a relation; kindred; the same kind. Kin, a. of the same nature : congenial. Kind, a. benevolent, favorable, good. Kind, s. a race, a genus, a sort or species. Ki'nd-hearted, a. having great benevolence. Kin'dle, v. to set on fire; to inilame. Kin'dler, s. one that lights ; one who inflames. Ki'ndliness, s. favor; affection; good- will. Kin'dling, s. the act of setting fire to. Ki'ndly, a. indulgent, mild, bland. Ki'ndly, ad. benevolently, with good will. Ki'ndness, s. benevolence, good will, love. Kin'dred, s. relation, affinity, relatives. Kin'dred, a. congenial, related, allied. Kine, J. the old form of the pi. of cow. King, s. a monarch, a chief ruler. King'craft, s. the art of governing. King'cup, s. a flower ; crowfoot. King'dom, s. the dominion of a king. King'fisher, s. a beautiful small bird. Kingliood, s. state of being a king. King'ly, a. royal, august, noble, monarchical. King's-e'vil, s. a scrofulous disease. King'ship, s. royalty, monarchy. Kins'folk, s. relations, persons related. Kins'man, *. a man of the same family. Kins'woman, s. a female relation. Ki'osk, Ki'osque, s. aTurkish pleasure-house. Kip'per, s. salmon salted and dried. Kirk, s. a church ; the church of Scotland. Kir'tle, s. an upper garment, a gown. Kiss, v. to touch with the lips. Kiss, s. a salute given by joining lips. Kiss'ing- crust, s. a crust formed in the oven by one loaf touching another. Kit, s. a small fiddle ; a wooden vessel. Kit'kat, a. denoting the size of a portrait, not quite half-length. (This term was originally applied to the portraits of the members of the Kit- Cat Club, which was founded by Addison, Steele, &c.) Kitchen, s. a room used for cookery. Kitch'en-garden, s. a vegetable garden. Kitch'en-maid, s. an under cook-maid. Kitch'enstuff, s. fat collected in cooking* .. Kitch'en-wench, s. a scullion. Kitch'en-work, s. work done in the kitchen. Kite, s. a bird of prey ; a paper toy for flying in the air. Kit'ten, s. a young cat. Kit'ten, v. to bring forth young cats. Knack, s. dexterity, readiness ; a toy. Knack'er, s. a maker of knick-knacks, a maker of small work ; a man who kills and sells old horses for dog's-meat. Knag, s. a hard knot in wood ; a wart. Knag'gy, a. knotty, set with rough knots. Knap, s. a small prominence ; a hillock. Knap, v. to bite, to break short. Knap'py, a. full of knaps or hillocks. Knap'sack, s. a haversack, a soldier's bag. Knarl, Knarle. See Gnarl. Knave, s. a petty rascal, a scoundrel. Kna'very, s. dishonesty, craft, deceit. Kna'vish, a. roguish; waggish ; mischievous. Kna'vishly, ad. fraudulently, mischievously. Kna'vishness, s. knavish propensity. Knead, v. to work dough with the fist. Knead'ing-trough, s. a trough to knead in. Knee, s. a joint between the leg and thigh. Knee'deep, a. rising or sunk to the knees. Knee'holly, Knee'holm, s. a plant; a shrub. Knee'pan, s. a small round bone at the fore- part of the knee. Kneel, v. to bend or rest on the knee. Kneel'er, s. one who kneels. Kneetrib'ute, s. obeisance shown by kneeling. Knell, s. the sound of a funeral bell. Knife, s. a steel utensil to cut with. Knight, s. a title next in dignity to a baronet; a champion : v. to create a knight; to reward by knighthood. Knight of the shire, s. a member of parlia- ment chosen by freeholders. Knight-er'rant, s. a wandering knight. Knight-er'rantry, s. the principles and feats of the ancient knight-errants. Kni'ghthood, s. the dignity of a knight. Kni'gbtly, a. befitting a knight. Kni'ght-service, 5. a tenure of lands formerly held by knights on condition of performing military service. Knit, v. to weave without a loom; to unite closely, to join. Knit'tcr, s. one who knits or weaves. Knit'ting, s. that which has been knitted ; a species of weaving with small steel wires, without the aid of a loom. Knit'ting-needle, s. a wire used in knitting. Knob, s. a protuberance. Knob'bed, Knob'by, a. full of knobs, hard- Knock, s. a sudden stroke, a blow. Knock, v. to clash, to strike with noise. Knock Yr, s. a kind of hammer hanging at the door witl) which to knock for admittance. Knock'ing, s. a beating at the door. Knoll; s. a little round hill. Knoll, v. to ring or sound as a bell. Knoll'er, s. one who tolls a bell. Knop. Sec Knob. Knot, s. a part which is tied ; a difficulty. Knot, v. to make knots ; to unite. Knot'grass, s. grass with knotted stems. Knot'less, a. free from knots. Knot'ted, Knot'ty, a. full of knots ; hard. Knot'tiness, s. fulness of knots ; intricacy. KNO 155 LAM Knout, s. a punishment common in Russia, by flogging the hacks of criminals with a long strap of leather. Know, v. to understand, to recognise. KnoVable, a. that may be known. Know'er, s. one who knows. Knowing, a. skilful, intelligent, conscious. Knowingly, ad. with skill ; designedly. Knowledge, s. skill, learning, perception. Knuc'kle, s. a joint of the finger : v. to sub- mit ; to bend : to comply. Knuckled, a. jointed ; having knuckles. Ko'peck, s. a Russian copper coin. Ko'rau, s. the Alcoran, the Mahometan Bible. Ku'miss, s. a liquor made from mare's milk, used by the Tartars. Ku'ril, s. a bird ; the black peterel. L. La, int. look ! behold ! see ! Lab'dammi, s. a resin of the softer kind. Labefac'tion, s. the act of weakening. Lab'efy, v. to weaken, to impair. La'bel, s. a short direction upon any thing. La'bel, v. to affix a label on any thing. La'bent, a. sliding, gliding, slipping. LaTbial, a. uttered by or relating to the lips. La'biated, a. formed with lips. Labio-dcn'tal, a. articulated by the co-opera- tion of the lips and teeth. Laboratory, s. a chymist's work-room. Labo'rious, a. requiring labour ; tiresome. Laboriously, ad. with labour or toil. Labo'riousness, s. toilsomeness ; assiduity. La'bour, s. pain, toil, work; childbirth. La'bour, v. to toil, to work ; to be in travail. La'bourcr, s. one who toils o. takes pains. La'bouring, a. striving with effort. La'bourless, a. not laborious. Labur'num, s. a large shrub or tree bearing yellow flowers. Lab'yrinth, s. a maze full of windings. Labyrin'thian, a. having inextricable turnings or windings; perplexed like a labyrinth. Labyrin'thic, a. like a labyrinth. Lac, s. a kind of gum, the product of an in- sect, whose eggs it is designed to nourish. Lac'ic, a. pertaining to or composed of lac. Lace, s. a platted cord of gold or silver. Lace, v. to fasten with a lace ; to adorn. La'ceman, s. one who deals in lace. La"ccrable, a. that may bo rent or torn. La"cerate, v. to tear in pieces, to rend. Lacera'tion, J. the act of tearing or rending. La"cerative, a. having the power to tear. La"cerane, a. like a lizard. Lacerlus, s. the lizard-fish. La'cewoman. s. she who makes or sells lace. Lache, s. in law, neglect, negligence. Lach'rymable, a. lamentable. Lach'rymal, a. generating tears. Lachryma'tion, s. the act of shedding tears. Lach'rymary, a. containing tears. Lach'rymatory, s. a vessel to preserve tears. Lack, s. want, need; a numeral term in India applied to money, meaning one hundred thousand, as, "a lack of rupees." Lack, v. to be in want, to be without. Lackadaisical, a. ailbctcdly pensive. Lackaday', int. alas ! Lock' brain. s. one that wants wit. Lack'er, Lac'qucr, s. a kind of yellow varnish. Lack'er, Lac'quer, v. to ccver with lacker. Lack'ey, s. a footboy ; an attending servant. Lack'ey, v. to attend servilely. Lacklustre, a. wanting brightness, dull. Lacon'ic, Laconical, a. concise ; pithy. Laconically, ad. briefly, concisely. Lac'onism, Lacon'icism, .?. a concise pithy style ; a sententious phrase. Lac'tant, a. suckling, giving milk. Lac'tary, a. milky : s. a dairy-house. Lac'tate, s. acid of milk with a base. Lacta'tion, s. the act of giving suck. Lac'teal, s, a vessel that conveys chyle. Lac'teal, Lac'teous, a. conveying chyle. Lactcs'cence, s. tendency to produce milk. Lactes'cent, Lactif'ic, a. producing milk. Lac'tic, a. pertaining to milk. Lactiferous, a. conveying or producing milk. Lacu'nar, s. an arched roof or ceiling. Lacu'nous, a. furrowed or pitted. Lad, s. a boy, a stripling. Lad'der, s. a frame with steps for climbing Lade, v. to load, to freight ; to heave out. La'ding, s. a freight, cargo of a ship. La'dle, s. a large deep spoon with a long handle, for lading fluids. La'dleful, s. as much as a ladle holds. La'dy, s. a female title of honor; a woman. La'dy-bird, >«. a small red insect. Lady-day 7 , s. the 25th of 'March, the Annun- ciation of the Blessed Virgin. The 15th of August (the Assumption) is also called Lady-day. La'dylike, a. having the manners of a lady. La'dyship, *. the title of a lady. La'dy's-slipper, s. a plant, the cypripedium. La'dy's-smock, s. a plant, the eardamine. Lag, s. the fag-end ; he that lags behind. Lag, a. coming behind, sluggish, last. Lag, v. to loiter, to stay behind. Lag'gard, a. backward, sluggish, slow : s.one that lags behind, a loiterer. Lag'ger, s. a laggard, a loiterer, an idler. Lagoon', Lagu'ne, s. a small lake. La'ic, La'ical, a. pertaiuing to the laity. Lair, s. the couch of a boar or wild beast. Laird, s. a lord of the manor in Scotland. La'ity, s. the people, as distinguished from the clergy. Lake, s. a large inland water; a color. La'ky, a. belonging or pertaining to a lake. La'ma, s. the sovereign pontiff of the Asiatio Tartars ; a quadruped of South America. Lamb, s. the young of a sheep. Lamb, v. to yean ; to bring forth lambs. Lam'bative, a. licking, touching or passing over lightly : s. a medicine taken by licking. Lam'bent, a. licking ; playing about. Lamb'kin, s. a little or young lamb. Lamblike, a. meek, mild, gentle. Lame, a. crippled, hobbling ; imperfect. Lame, v. to make lame, to cripple. Lamellae, [Lat.] s. thin plates or scales. Lam'ellar, a. composed of thin flakes. Lam'ellated, a. covered with thin scales. La'mely, ad. like a cripple ; imperfectly. La'mencss, s. the state of a cripple. Lament', s. sorrow audibly expressed. Lament', v. to mourn, to bewail. Lam'entable, a. to be lamented, mournful. LAM 156 LAS Laiu'entably, ad. mournfully, pitifully. Lamenta'tion, s. expression of sorrow. Lament'er, s. he who mourns or laments. La'mia, [Lat.] s. a she-demon, a witch. Lam'ina, [Lat.] s. a thin plate or scale. Lam'inary, a. composed of layers. Lam'inate, v. to form into thin plates. Lam'inated, a. covered with plates or scales. Lam'mas, s. the first day of August. Lamp, s. a light made from oil and a wick ; that which contains it. The Safety-ha,m\) is one used in coal mines. Lamp'black, s. a fine soot, originally made from the smoke of a lamp. Lampoon', s. a personal satire; abuse. Lampoon', v. to abuse with personal satire. Lampoon'er, s. a writer of lampoons. Lampoon'ry, s. abuse with personal satire. Lam'prey, s. a fish like an eel. Lana'nous, a. pertaining to wool. Lan'ary, s. a storehouse for wool. Lance, s. a long spear. Lance, v. to pierce with a spear ; to open with a lancet. Lan'cer, ,?. one armed with a lance. Lan'cet, s. a small pointed instrument. Land, s. earth, ground, estate, a country. Land, v. to set on shore, to disembark. Landau', s. a coach which opens at the top. Land'ed, a. having an estate in land. Land'flood, s. an inundation by rain. Land'grave, ,?. a German title of dominion. Land'^raviate, s. the territory of a landgrave. Land'holder, s. one who possesses land. Land'ing, s. place to land at ; the stair top. Land'jobber, ?. one who buys and sells land. Land'lady, s. the mistress of an inn. Land'less, a. having no property in land. Land'Iocked, a. shut in or enclosed by land. Land'lord, s. a proprietor of land or houses, to whom rent is paid ; the master of an inn. /.and'mark, .?. a mark of boundaries. Land'ward, ad. towards the land. Land'-wind, s. wind blowing from the land. Land'scape, s. a country view or prospect. Land'slip, s. the sliding down of a consider- able tract of land from a mountain. Lands'man, s. one who lives or serves on land. Land'-tax, s. a tax upon land and houses. Land'waiter, s. a custom-house officer who waits for and watches the landing of goods. Lane, s. a narrow street or alley. La;/guage, s. human speech; the speech of any one nation ; style or manner of expres- sing thought. Lan'guid, a. weak, faint, feeble, heartless. Lan'guidly, ad. weakly; feebly. Lan'guidness, s. feebleness ; weakness. Lan'gui h, v. to grow feeble; to pine away. Lan'guisher, s. one who pines or languishes. Languishing, a. having a languid and tender look : s. feebleness, languor. Lun'euisliingly, ad. weakly ; tenderly. Lan'guishment, s. a softness of mien. Lan'iards, Lan'yards, s. small ropes used in fastening tackle on ship-board. Lan'guor, s. want of strength or spirit. La'niate, v to tear in pieces. Lanif' erous, a. bearing wool, as plants. Lani'gerous, a. bearing wool, as sheep. Lank, a. thin, slender ; not filled, not plump. [ Lankly, ad. thinly ; loosely. j Lank'ness, s. a want of plumpness. I Lan'ner, Lan'naret, s. a species of hawk. Lan'squenet, s. a game at cards; a lance sol- dier, a foot soldier. Lan'tern, s. a transparent case for a candle ; the upper part of a light-house : a. thin- visaged. Lan'tern-fiy, s. a small winged insect. Lanu'ginous, a. covered with soft hair. Lap, s. the loose part or flap of a garment ; the part of a garmentwhich spreads or lies above the knees when a person is seated. Lap, v. to wrap round ; to lick up. Lap'dog, s. a little dog for the lap. Lapel', s. that part of a eoat which wraps over the breast. Lap'full, s. as much as the lap can hold. Lap'idary, j. a polisher of precious stones. Lap'idary, a. monumental ; inscribed on stone. Lapides'cent, a. growing or turning to stone Lapid'eous, a. stony, of the nature of stone. Lapides'cence, s. stony concretion. Lapidif'ic, a. forming into stone. Lap'idist, s. a dealer in stones or gems. La'pis-Lazuli, *.the azure stone ; a copper ore. Lap'per, s. one who wraps up or laps. Lap'pet, s. a loose part of a head-dress. Lapse, s. a fall ; a small error or mistake. Lapse, v. to slip, to fall ; to suffer to slip or become vacant. Lap'stone, a\ a stone held in the lap on which shoemakers hammer their leather. Lap'wing, s. a bird that flaps its wings very much ; the pewit. Lap'work, s. work in which one part is inter- changeably wrapped over the other. Lar'board, s. the left-hand side of a ship: a. pertaining to the left-hand side of a ship. Lar ceny, s. petty theft or robbery. Larch, s. a tree of the fir kind. Lard, s. the fat of swine melted. Lard, v. to stuff with lard ; to fatten. Lar'der, s. a place where meat is kept. Large, a. big, bulky, wide, copious, liberal. Lar'gely, ad. widely, copiously, liberally. Lar'geness, *. bulk, greatness, extension. Lar'gess, s. a present, bounty, gift. Lar'gish, a. somewhat large. Lar'go, Larghet'to, [It.] s. terms in musio denoting slow, but quicker than adagio. Lark, s. a small singing bird. Lark'spur, s. a plant, a flower. Lar'um, s. an alarum ; noise denoting danger. Lar'va, s. an insect in the caterpillar state. Lar'vated, a. wearing a mask, masked. Laryn'gean, a. pertaining to the larynx. Laryngot'omy, s. the operation of opening the windpipe to give respiration. Lar'ynx, s. the upper part of the trachea, which lies below the root of the tongue. Lascar', s. an Indian seaman or gunner. Lasciv'ious, a. lewd, lustful, wanton. Lasciv'iously, ad. in a lascivious manner. Lasciv'iousness, s. wantonness, lewdness. Lash, s. the thong of a whip ; a stroke. Lash, v. to scourge, to strike ; to satirize. Lass, s. a girl, a young woman. Las'situde, s. fatigue, weariness, languor. Last, a. latest, hindmost, utmost. Last, v. to endure, to continue. LAS 157 LAY Last, s. a mould to form shoes on. Last'age, s. a custom paid for freightage. Lasting, a. durable, perpetual. Lastingly, ad. perpetually, durably. Lastlngness, s. the quality of durability. Last'ly, ad. in the last place, finally. Latch, s. a fastening for a door. Latch, v. to fasten with a latch. Lat'chet, s. a shoestring ; a fastening. Late, a. not early, slow, tardy, recent, far in the day or night ; deceased. Late, ad. lately, recently ; after the proper time ; far in the day, night, or season. Lat'een, s. the triangular sail of a ship. La'tely, ad. not long ago, recently. La'tency, s. state of being latent. La'teness, s. time far advanced. Lat'eral, a. of or belonging to the side. Lat'erally, ad. by the side, sidewise. Lat'eran, s. the pope's palace at Rome. La'tent, a. secret, hidden, concealed. Lateri'lious, a. resembling brick. Lath, s. a long thin narrow slip of wood. Lath, v. to fit up with laths. Lathe, s. a machine for turning wood. Lath'er, s. the froth of water and soap. Lath'er, v. to form or cover with lather. Lath'y, a. thin or long as a lath. Lat'in, s. the ancient Roman language. Lat'inism, s. an idiom of the Latin tongue. Lat'inist, s. one well versed in Latin. Latin'ity, s. Latin composition; pure Latin. Latinize, v. to make or use Latin. Latiros'trous, a. having a broad beak. La'tish, a. somewhat late. Latltancy, s. the state of lying hid. Lat'ita-nt, a. lurking, lying hid. Lat'itat, [Lat.] s. in law, a writ to summon a person, as from a supposed hiding-place. Lat'itude, s. breadth, width, extent, liberty, diffusion ; the distance, north or south, from the equator. Latitu'dinal, a. pertaining to latitude. Latitudina'rian, s. one who is free in religious opinions; a freethinker. Latitudina'rian, a. free in religious opinions. Latitudina'rianism, s. freedom of religious opinions or indifference therein. La'trant, a. barking, snarling. La'tria, s. the higher kind of worship. Lat'rociny, *. robbery ; larceny. Lat'ten, s. brass; iron tinned over. Lat'ter, a. modern ; the last of two. Lat'terly, ad. of late, lately. Lat'termath, s. a second mowing. Lat'tice, s. a window formed of grate-work. Lat'tice, v. to mark with crosses like a lattice. Laud, s. praise : v. to extol. Laudabil'ity, Lau'dableness, s. praiseworthi- ness, commendableness. Laud'able, a. praiseworthy, commendable. Laud'ably, ad. so as to deserve praise. Lau'danum, s. the tincture of opium. Lauda'tion, s. praise ; honor paid. Laud'ative, s. panegyrical. Lau'datory, a. containing praise. Laud'er, s. a praiser; a commender. Laugh, s. an inarticulate expression of sudden mirth, expression of sudden merriment. Laugh, v. to make that noise which sudden mirth excites ; to deride, to scorn. Laugh'able, a. exciting laughter, droll. Laugh'er, *. one who laughs much. Laughingly, ad. in a merry way, merrily. Laugh'ing-stock, s an object of ridicule. Laugh'ter, *. convulsive merriment. Launch, s. the sliding movement of a ship when first entering on the water ; a long fiat-bottomed boat. Launch, v. to dart forward ; to put to sea. Laun'derer, s. a man that washes clothes. Laun'dress, s. a washerwoman. Laun'dry, s. a washing ; a place or room for washing in. Lau'reate, a. crowned or wreathed with lau- rel : s. the king's poet : v. to wreathe or crown with laurel. Laurea'tion, s. the act of conferring a degree. Lau'rel, s. an evergreen tree. Lau'relled, a. crowned with laurel. Laurusti'nus, s. an evergreen shrub. La'va, s. liquid and vitrified matter dis- charged by volcanoes. Lava'tion, s. a washing or cleansing. Lav'atory, s. a wash ; a bathing-place. Lave, v. to wash, to bathe. Lav'ender, s. a fragrant herb ; a laundress. La'ver, s. a washing-vessel. Lav'ish, v. to waste; to scatter profusely. Lav'ish, a. profuse, prodigal, wasteful. Lav'isher, s. a prodigal, a profuse person. Lav'ishly, ad. profusely; prodigally. Lav'ishment, Lav'ishness, *. prodigality. Lavolt', Lavol'ta, [It.] *. an old brisk dance. Law, s. a rule of action ; a decree, an edict, a statute ; a judicial process. Law'breaker, s one who violates a law Law'ful, a. conformable to law, legal. Law'fully, ad. in a lawful manner. Lawfulness, s. legality. Law'giver, s. a law maker, a legislator. Law'giving, a. making laws, legislative. Law'less, a. illegal, unrestrained by law. Lawlessly, ad. in an illegal manner. Lawlessness, 5. the state of being lawless. Law'maker, s. a legislator or one who makes laws ; a lawgiver. Law'monger, *. a smatterer in law. Lawn, s. a plain between woods. Lawn, *. a kind of fine linen. Lawn, a. made of lawn. Lawn'y, a. interspersed with lawns. Law'suit, *. a proces-s in law ; a litigation. Law'yer, s. one versed in law, an advocate. Lax, a. loose, vague ; not strict or exact. Lax, s. a looseness, a diarrhoea. Laxa'tion, s. the act of loosening. Lax'ative, s. a medicine gently purgative. Lax'ative, a. relieving costiveness. Lax'ativeness, s. quality of relaxing. .Lax'ity, Lax'ness, s. the state of being lax. Lax'ly, ad. loosely, without exactness. Lay, v. to place or put down, to settle, to calm, to allay ; to spread ; to wager ; to bring forth eggs. Lay, s. a stratum, a row ; a song or poem. Lay, a. not clerical ; belonging to the people, as distinct from the clergy. , Lay, 5. See Layland. Lay'er, s. one that lays; a stratum, a row, a bed ; a shoot or twig of a plant laid or put under ground for propagation. LAY 158 LEG Lay'land, s. fallow ground which lies un- tilled, lea land. Lay'man, s. one of the laity. La'zar, s. one infected with loathsome dis- eases (like Lazarus in the Gospel.) La'zarhouse, Lazaret'to, s. a house to receive lazars in ; an hospital. La'zarlike, a. full of sores : leprous. La'zily, ad. idly, sluggishly, heavily. La'ziness, s. idleness, slothful ness. La'zy, a. idle, sluggish, unwilling to work. Lea, Ley, s. meadow or pasture land. Lead, s. a very heavy metal. Lead, v. to fit or cover with lead. Lead, v. to guide, to conduct, to induce. Lead, s. guidance ; the leading or first place. Lead'ed, a. fitted or secured with lead. Lead'en, a. made of lead ; heavy, dull. Lead'en-heeled, a. moving slowly. Lea'der, s. a conductor, a commander. Lea'ding, a. principal, chief: s. guidance. Lea'ding-strings, s. strings by which chil- dren, when they learn to walk, are sup- ported. Lead'y, a. having the appearance of lead . Leaf, s. the green parts of trees and plants ; any thing foliated ; as the leaf of a book, the leaf of a table, &c. Leafage, s. abundance of leaves ; foliage. Leafed, a. bearing or having leaves. Leafless, a. naked, or stripped of leaves. Leaflet, s. a little leaf. Leafstalk, s. the stalk that supports a leaf. Leafy, a. full of leaves. League, s. a distance of three miles. League, s. a confederacy : v. to confederate. Lea'guer, s. one united in a confederacy. Leak, s. a breach which let3 in water. Leak, v. to let water in or out, to drop. Leak'age, s. a leaking ; allowance made for waste or loss by leaking. Leak'y, a. letting water in or out. Lean, a. thin, meagre. Lean, s. flesh without fat. Lean, v. to rest against, to bend towards. Lean'ness, s. a want of flesh, meagreness. Leap, s. a bound, a jump ; sudden transition. Leap, v. to jump, to bound, to spring. Leap'er, s. one who leaps or jumps. ■ Leap'-frog, s. a play of children. Leap'-year, s. every fourth year. Learn, v. to gain knowledge of or skill in. Learn'ed, a versed in science; skilled. Learn'edly, ad. with knowledge; with skill. Leara'er, s. one who is learning any thing. Learn'ing, s. erudition ; skill in any thing. Leas'able, a. that may be let by lease. Lease, s. a letting of lands or tenements for a fixed time at a stated rent; the instru- ment by which the contract is made valid ; any tenure : v. to let by lease. Lease, v. to glean, to gather up. Leasehold, s. land or t mements held by lea=ie : a. held by lease. Lea'seholder, s. a tenant under a lease. Leas'er, s. a gleaner ; a liar. Leash, s. a leathern thong, a band to tie with ; three, a brace and a half. Leash, v. to bind ; to hold in a string. Leas'ing, s. lies; falsehood, deceit. Least, a. superlative of little, the smallest. Leath'er, s. an animal's hide dressed. Leath'ercoat, s. an apple with a tough rind. Leath'er-dresser, s. one who dresses leather. Leath'ern, a. made of leather. Leath'er-seller, s. one who deals in leather. Leath'ery, a. resembling leather. Leave, s. permission, licence; farewell. Leave, v. to quit, to abandon, to bequeath. Leav'en, s. that which is mixed with dough to raise it and make it light. Leav'en, v. to ferment, to taint, to imbue. Leav'ening, s. that which leavens. Leav'enous, a. containing leaven ; tainted. Leav'er, s. one who leaves or forsakes. Lea'vings, s. pi. remnants, relics, offal. Lech'er, s. a man given to lewdness. Lech'erous, a. lewd, lustful. Lech'erously, ad. lewdly, lustfully. Lech'ery, Lech'erousness, s. lewdness, lust. Lec'tion, s. a reading ; a variety in copies. Lec'ture, v. to read lectures ; to reprimand. Lec'ture, s. a discourse, a reading; a reproof. Lec'turer, s. an instructor, a preacher. Lec'tureship, s. the office of a lecturer. Ledge, s. a layer, a stratum, a row ; a ridge ; a prominent part. Led'ger, s. the chief book of accounts. Lee, Lee-side, a. the side of a ship which lies farthest from the wind or weather side. Leech, s. a species of aquatic worm that sucks the blood ; a physician. Leek, s. a common pot-herb. Leer, s. an oblique view or side look. Leer, v. to look obliquely; to look archly. Leer'ingly, ad. with a Jeer. Lees, Lee, s. dregs, sediment. Lce'-shoro, s. that toward which the wind blows, or which is next the lee-side. Leet, s. a court at which the freeholders of a certain district annually attend. Lce'-tide, s. the tide running in the same direction as the wind blows. Lee'ward, ad. toward the shore or side on which the wind blows. Lee'-way, v. the lateral movement of a ship to leeward of her course. Left, a. opposite to the right ; sinister. Left'-handed, a. using the left hand rather than the right ; awkward ; unlucky. Leffc-hahd'ednoss, s. the being left-handed. Leg, s. the limb between the knee and foot. Leg'acy, s. a bequest made by will. Leg'acy-huntor, s. one who courts and flat- ters in order to get legacies. Legal, a. according to law, lawful. Legal'ity, Le'galness, s. lawfulness. Le'galize, v. to make lawful; to authorize. Le'gally, ad. lawfully; according to law. Leg'ate, s. an ambassador from the pope. Legatee', 5. one who has a legacy left him. Leg'ateship, s. the office of a legate. Leg'atine, a. pertaining to a legate. Lega'tion, s. a deputation, an embassy. Lega'tor, s. one who makes a will. Le"gend, s. a chronicle or register ; a fabu- lous or romantic narrative ; an inscription. Le"gendary, a. fabulous, unauthentic. Legerdemain', s. sleight of hand ; a juggle. Leger'ity, s. lightness, nimbleness. Legibility, s. capability of being 1 read. Le"gible, a. easy to be read, apparent. LEG 159 LIB Le"gibleness, s. quality of being legible. Le"gibly, ad. in a manner easy to be read. Le'gion, s. a large body of soldiers among the ancient Romans; any great number. Le'gionary, a. relating to a legion. Le"gislate, v. to make or give laws. Legislation, s. tbe act of giving laws. Legislative, a. giving or enacting laws. Le"gisiator, s. one who makes laws. Le"gislatress, s. a female lawgiver. Legislature, s. the power that makes laws. Legitimacy, s. lawful birth ; genuineness. Legitimate, a. born in marriage ; lawful. Legitimately, ad. lawfully ; genuinely. Legitimateness, s. legality, lawfulness. Legitimation, 5. the act of investing with the privileges of lawful birth. Legu'me, Legu'men, s. pulse. Legu'minous, a. belonging to pulse. Lei'surable, a. done at or having leisure. Lei'surably, ad. at leisure ; without hurry. J ei'sure, s. freedom from business or hurry. Lei'sure, a. unoccupied. Lei surely, ad. not in a hurry ; slowly. Le'man, s. a sweetheart, a gallant. Lem'ma, s. a proposition previously taken or assumed as the ground of a subsequent demonstration. Lem'on, s. the name of an acid fruit. Lemon'ade, s. water, sugar, and lemon-juice. Lem'ures, [Lat.] s. hobgoblins ; evil spirits. Lend, v. to grant the use of any thing. Lend'er, s. one who lends any thing. Length, s. extent from end to end ; distance. Length'cn, v . to make longer, to protract. Length'ful, a. of great extent in length. Length'wise, ad. in a longitudinal direction. Length'y, a. rather long ; tediously long. Le'niency, s. mildness, gentleness. Le'nient, a. emollient, mild, mitigating. Le'nient, s. an emollient application. Lenlfy, v. to assuage, to mitigate. Lenitive, a. assuasive, mitigating. Lenitive, s. a palliative. Lenity, s. mildness, mercy, tenderness. Lens, s. a glass spherically convex on both sides, like the seeds of a lentil. Lent, s. the quadragesimal fast, from Ash- Wednesday to Easter Sunday. Lent'en, a. such as is used in Lent ; sparing. Lentic'ular, Len'tiform, a. having the form of a lens ; doubly convex. Lenti'go, s. a scurfy eruption. Len'til, s. a sort of pulse or pea. Lcn'tor, s. slowness ; tenacity, viscosity. Len'tous, a. viscous, tenacious, glutinous. Lo'onine, a. belonging to a lion. Leop'ard, s. a spotted beast of prey. Lep'cr, s. one infected with a leprosy. Lepld, a. pleasant, lively. Lepldopter, Lepidop'tera, s. an order of in- sects with four wings, as the butterfly. Lep'orine, a. of the nature of a hare. Lep'rosy, s. a loathsome disease, in which the body. is covered with white scales. Lep'rous, a. having the leprosy. Lep'rously, ad. in an infectious degree. Le'sion, s. a hurting; an injury. Loss, ad. in a smaller degree: a. smaller. Lessee', s. one to whom a lease is given. Les'sen, v. to make or grow less. Les'son, s. any thing read or repeated to & teacher ; a portion of Scripture appointed to be read in divine service ; a precept ; a doctrine or notion inculcated. Les'son, v. to teach, to instruct. Les'sor, s. he who grants a lease to another Lest, conj. that not, for fear that. Let, v. to allow, to permit, to hire out. Let, s. ahinderance, obstruction, obstacle. Le'thal, a. deadly, mortal. Lethar'gic, Lethar'gical, a. drowsy ; torpid. Lethar'gically, ad. in a morbid sleepiness. Lethar'gicalness, Lethar'gicness, s. morbid sleepiness, or drowsiness. Leth'argy, s. a morbid drowsiness. Le'the, s. oblivion ; death. Lethe'an, a. oblivious, causing oblivion. Lethiferous, a. deadly, fatal. Let'ter, s. an epistle ; one of the characters of the alphabet ; a printing type. Let'ter, v. to stamp with letters. Let'ter-case, s. a case to put letters in. Let'tered, a. learned, educated, literary ; marked with letters. Let'ter-founder, s. one who casts letters Let'ter-press, s. print from types. Let'ters, s. literature, learning. Let'tuce, s. a common salad plant. Levant', s. the eastern parts and coasts of the Mediterranean sea. Lev'antine, a. belonging to the Levant. Lev'ee, s. a morning assembly of visitors. Lev'el, a. even, plain, fiat, smooth. Lev'el, v. to make even ; to lay fiat ; to aim. Lev'el, s. a plain or plane ; a standard ; state of equality ; line of direction. Lev'eller, s. one who levels; one who seeks to bring persons or ranks above him to his own level. Lev'elness, s. an equality of surface. Le'ver, s. a bar for raising a heavy weight, the second mechanical power. Le'verage, s. power of the lever. Lev'eret, s. a young hare. Leviable, a. that may be levied. Levi'athan, *. a huge water animal men- tioned in the book of Job ; the crocodile or whale. Levigate, v. to rub, to smoothe ; to pulver- ize : a. made smooth. Leviga'tion, s. the act of levigating. Levita'tion, s. the act of making light. Le'vite, s. one of the tribe of Levi. Levit'ical, a. belonging to the Levites. Levit'icus, J. the book of the Old Testament which contains the ceremonial law. Levity, j. lightness ; want of seriousness. Lev'y, v. to raise, to collect. Lev'y, s. the act of raising money or men. Lewd, a. wicked, lustful ; not clerical. Lewdly, ad. libidinously ; lustfully. Lewd'ness, s. lusti'ulness, wickedness. Lexicog'rapher, s. a writer of dictionaries. Lexicographic, a. pertaining to a dictionary Lexicog'raphy, s. the art or practice of writ ing dictionaries. Lex'icon, s. a dictionary; a word-book. Liability, Li'ableness, s. the being liable. Li'able, a. subject to ; not exempt. Li'ar, s. one who utters falsehoods. Liba'tion, s. an offering made of wine. LIB 160 LIM Li'bcl, s. a defamatory satire, a lampoon : v. to spread defamation, to lampoon. Li'beller, s. one who libels or lampoons. Li'bellous, a. defamatory, abusive. Lib'eral, a. free, bountiful, generous. Lib'era)ism,s. free-thinking in political and religious matters. Liberality, *. munificence, bounty. Liberalize, v to make liberal. Lib'erally, ad. bountifully, freely, largely. Lib'erate, v. to set free, to release. Liberation, s. the act of setting free. Lib'erator, s. one who sets free, a deliverer. Lib'ertine, s. a dissolute liver, a rake. Lib'ertine, a. licentious; irreligious. Lib'ertinism, s licentiousness, dissoluteness. Lib'erty, s. freedom, exemption, leave. Lib'idinist, s. one given to lewdness. Libid'inous, a. lewd, licentious. Libid'inously, ad. lewdly, lustfully. Libid'inousness, s. lewdness ; lustfulness. Li'bra, s. one of the signs of the zodiac. Libra'rian. s. one who has the care of books. Libra'rianship, s. the office of a librarian. Li'brary, s. an arranged collection of books ; the place or apartment where the collec- tion is kept. Li'brate, v. to poise, to balance. Libra 'tion, s. the state of being balanced. Li'bratory, a. balancing, acting or moving like a balance. Lice, s. the plural of Louse. Li'censable, a. that may be licensed. Li'cence, s. permission, leave, liberty. Li'cense, v. to grant leave; to permit by a legal grant, to authorize. Licenser, s. a granter of permission. Licen'tiate, s. one who has a licence to prac- tise any art or faculty. Licen'tiate, v. to permit by licence. Licentious, a. unrestrained; dissolute. Licen'tiously, ad. in a licentious manner. Licentiousness, s. excess of liberty ; laxity of manners, disregard of just restraint. Lich'en. s. certain kinds of nutritious moss ; Iceland moss, liverwort, &c. Lick, s. a blow, a stroke : v. to beat. Lick, v. to pass over with the tongue ; to lap j with the tongue. Lick'er, s. one who licks up ; one who beats. Lick'erish, Lick'erous, a. dainty ; lustful. Lick'erishness, s. niceness of palate. Lic'orice, s. a root of a sweet taste. Lic'tor, s. a beadle amongst the Romans. Lid. s a cover for a pan, box, &c. Lie, s. a fiction, a falsehood. Lie, v. to assert a falsehood ; to lean upon. Lief, Lieve, ad. willingly. Liege, a. bound by feudal tenure ; trusty. Liege, s. a superior lord ; a sovereign. Li'en, s. a bond, or agreement, by which a claim on property is established. Li'er, s. one who lies down. Lieu, s. place, room, stead, behalf. Lieuten'ancy, 5. the office of a lieutenant. Liouten'ant, s. a deputy, a second in rank. Lieuten'antship, s. the rank of a lieutenant. Life, s. vitality, animation ; conduct. Li'fe-blood, s. the blood necessary to life. Li'fe-estate, s. an estate for life. Li'fe-givhig, a. having the power to give life. Li'fe-guard, s. a guard of the king's person Li'feless, a. dead ; void of force or spirit. Li'felessly, ad. without vigour ; frigidly. Li'felessness, s. the state of being lifeless. Li'felike, a. like a living persou. Li'fe-rent, s. rent of an estate for life. Li'fe-time, s. the duration of life. Li'fe-weary, a. tired of life. Lift, v. to raise up, to elevate. Lift, j. the act of lifting up : an effort. Lift'er, s. one that lifts or raises. Lig'ament, s. a band to tie parts together. Ligamen'tal, Ligamentous, a. pertaining to a ligament; binding. Liga'tion, s. the act of binding. Li»'ature, s. the act of binding ; any thing bound on, a bandage. Light, s. that which makes bodies percepti- ble to the sight; knowledge or mental enlightenment; point of view ; a taper. Light, v. to give light ; to kindle ; to lighten or make light; to rest on. Light, a. not dark, clear, bright ; not heavy ; nimble, active; easy, slight, trifling, wanton. Light'-armed, a. armed with light weapons. Li'ght-bearer, s. a torch-bearer. Li'ghten, v. to make light ; to flash. Li'ghter, .?. a boat for unloading ships. Lighter, a. light in a greater degree. Li'ghterman, s. one who manages a lighter. Lightfin'gered, a. thievish, dishonest. Liglitfoot'ed, a. nimble, swift, active. Lighthead'ed, a. delirious; thoughtless. Lightheadedness, s. deliriousness. Lightheart'ed, a. gay, merry, cheerful. Li'ght-horse, s. light-armed cavalry. Light'house, *. a high building, at the top of which lights are hung toguide ships at sea. Li'ghtly, ad. without reason ; nimbly. Light-mi'nded, a. unsteady ; not considerate. Li'ghtness, s. want of weight ; levity. Li'ghtniug, s. the flash before thunder. Lights, *. pi. the lungs, organs of breathing. Li'ghtsome, a. luminous ; gay, airy. Li'ghtsomeness, s. the quality of being light. Lig'neous, a. made of wood, like wood. Lignum-vitte, [Lat.] s. a very hard wood. Like, a. resembling, equal, likely. Like, s. a person or thing resembling ano- ther; an equal. Like, ad. in the same manner, probably. Like, v. to approve, to be pleased with. Li'kelihood, s. appearance ; probability. Li'keliness, s. appearance of truth. Li'kely, ad. probably: a. probable. Like-mi'nded, a. being of a similar mind. Li'ken, v. to make like, to compare. Li'keness, 5. aresemblance, similitude, form. Li'kewise, ad. in like manner, also. Li'king, s. inclination ; desire. Li'lac, s. a well-known flowering shrub. Lilia'ceous, a. pertaining to or like a lily. Lil'lied, a. embellished with lilies. Lil'y, s. a beautiful bell-shaped flower, oi which there are many varieties. Lil'ylivered, a. whitelivered, cowardly. Lima'tion, j. the act of filing or polishing. Limb, s. a member of the body ; a jointed or articulated part of animals ; a border. Limb, v. to tear asunder, to dismember. Lim'bec, s. a still ; a vessel to distil. LIM 161 LIT Lim'b'ed, a. formed with regard to limbs. Lim'ber, a. flexible, easily bent, pliant. Lirn'berne.ss, s. flexibility ; pliancy. Limb'less, a. deprived of limbs. Limb'mcal, ad. piecemeal ; in pieces. Lim'bo, s. a margin or border ; a region bordering on hell ; bell ; a prison. Lime, s. a viscous substance ; a cement : v. to smear with lime ; to entangle ; to ensnare. Lime, s. the linden tree ; a species of lemon. Li'meburner, s. one who burns stones to lime. Li'mekiln, s. a kiln for burning limestone. Li'mestone, s. the stone of which lime or mortar is made. Li'mewater, i. water impregnated with lime. Lim'it, s. a bound, a border, utmost extent. Lim'it, v . to restrain, to circumscribe. Lim'itabre, a. that may be limited. Lim'itary, a. placed at the boundaries. Limita'tion, s. restriction ; a boundary. Lim'itedly, ad. in a limited manner. Lim'itedness, s. the state of being limited. Lim'itless, a. having no limits, unbounded. Limn, v. to draw, to paint any thing. Lim'ner, s. a painter, a picture-maker. Lim'ning, s. painting in water-colors. I.i'mous, a. muddy, slimy, miry. Limp, v. to halt, to walk lamely : s. a halt. Limp'er, s. one who limps in his walking. Lim'pet, s . a kind of shell-fish. Lim'pid, a. clear, pure, transparent. Lini'pidness, s. clearness, purity. Limp'ingly, ad. in a lame halting manner. Limp'itude, s. clearness ; brightness. Li'my, a. containing lime. Linch'pin, s. the iron pin of an axletrce. Llnc'ture, 5. a medicine to be licked up. Lin'den, s. the lime-tree. Line, v. to cover in the inside as with linen; to cover or defend as by military lines. Line, s. any thing extended in length ; a string ; a row, a rank ; a trench ; a verse ; a race ; a succession ; a course or occupa- tion ; the tenth part of an inch. Lin'eage, j. a family, race, progeny. Lin'eal, a. descending in a right hne. Lin'eally, ad. in a direct line. Lin'eament, s. a feature, form, outline. Lin'ear, a. composed of lines, like lines. Lin'en, s. cloth made of hemp or flax. Lin'en, a. made of or like linen. Lin'en- draper, s. one who deals in linen. Ling, s. a kind of sea-fish ; heath. Lin'ger, v. to remain long, to loiter. Lin'gerer, s. one who lingers. Lin'gering, .?. tardiness, slowness, delay. Lin'geringly, ad. with delay, tediously. Lin'get, s. a small mass of metal. Lin'go, s. a language, tongue, dialect. Lin'gual, a. pertaining to the tongue. Lin'guist, s. one skilful in languages. Lin'iment, s. an ointment, a balsam. Li'ning, s. the inner covering of a thing. Link, s. a ring of a chain ; a tor"h. Link, v. to unite, to join, to connect. Link'boy, Link'nian, s. one who accommo- dates passengers with light. Lin'net, s. a small singing-bird. Lni'scil, Lint'seed, s. the seed of flax. Lin'sey-woolsey, s. stuff male of linen and wuoi mixed : a. made of Lncn and wool. Lin'stock, s. a staff with a match at the end. Lint, s. flax ; linen scraped soft. Lin'tel, s. the upper part of a door-frame. Li'on, s. a wild beast; a sign of the zodiac. Li'oness, s. a she-lion. Li'onlike, a. courageous; fierce as a lion. Li'on-mettled, a. havingthe courage of a lien. Lip, * the outer part of the mouth. Lip'labour, s. words without sentiments. Lip'ped, a. having lips; labiate. Lipoth'ymy, s a swoon, a faintiug fit. Lip'pitude, s. blearedness of eyes. Lip'wisdom, s. wisdom in words only. Liq'uable, a. such as may be melted. Liqua'tion, s. the act of melting. Liquefac'tion, s. the state of being melted. Liquefi'able, a. that may be melted. Liq'uefy, v. to melt, to dissolve. Liqueur', [Fr.] s. a rich spirituous cordial. Liques'cency, s. aptness to melt. Liques'cent, a. melting, dissolving. Liq'uid, a. not soiid, fluid, flowing, soft. Liq'uid, s. a fluid substance, a liquor. Liq'uidate,!/. to dissolve or clear away ; to pay. Liquida'tion, s. the act of liquidating. Liquidity, s. the state of being liquid. Li'quidness, s. the quality of being liquid. Liq'uor, s. any thing liquid ; drink. Liq'uorice. See Licorice. Lisp, s. a-defect in articulation from striking the tongue against the inside of the teeth. Lisp, v. to utter with a lisp ; to articulate like a child. Lisp'er, s. one who lisps. Lisp'ing, s. an imperfeet pronunciation. Lisp'ingly, ad. with a lisp ; imperfectly. List, s. a border, a bound, a limit ; the outei edge of cloth ; a roll or catalogue ; the en- closed ground in which tiits were run and com bats fought. List, v. to enrol or enter on a list ; to enlist or enrol soldiers ; to enclose ground for combats ; to sew stripes together so as to make a party-colored show. List, v. to choose, to desire, to be disposed : s. choice, desire. List, v. to listen or hearken to. List'ed, a. striped, party-colored. Lis'ten, v. to hearken, hear, attend to. Lis'tener, s. one who hearkens. List'less, a. careless, without choice, heed- less, indifferent List'lessly, ad. without thought, heedlessly. List'lessness, s. want of desire ; inattention. Lit'any, s. a form of supplicatory prayer. Lit'eral, a. not figurative ; exact. Lit'eralism, s. accordance with the letter. Lit'eral ist, s. one who adheres to the letter. Literal'ity, s. original or literal meaning. Lit'eral ly, ad. according to the letter. Lit'eralness, s. literal or exact import. Lit'erary, a. pertaining to letters or learning. Lit'erate, a. learned, skilled in literature. Litera'ti, s.pl. men of letters ; the learned. Lit'erature, s learning, skill in letters. Lith'arge, s. a vitreous oxide of lead ; the scum of lead (literally, stone- silver.) Lithe, Li'thesome, a. limber, flexible. Li'theness, s. pliancy ; flexibility. Lith'ic, a. like to or made of stone. Lith'ocarp, s. fossil fruit, fruit petrified. LIT 162 LOG Lith'ograph, s. a print from a drawing or etching on stone. Lith'ograph, v. to draw or etch on stone. Lithograph'ic, a. pertaining to lithography. Lithog'raphy, s. an engraving on stone. Lithol'ogy, s. a treatise on stones. Lith'omaney, s. divination by stones. Lith'omarge, s. a species of potter's clay. Lith'ophyte, s. a stone-coral ; a kind of po- lypus, (literally, the stone-plant. ) Lithotom'ic, a. performed by lithotomy. Lithot'omist, s. one who cuts for the stone. Lithot'omy, s. the art of cutting for the stone. Li'thy, a. easily bent; pliable. Lit'igant, s. one engaged in a lawsuit. Lit'igate, v. to contest in law. Litiga'tion, s. a judicial contest, lawsuit. Litf'gious, a. given to litigation ; of a quar- relsome or wrangling disposition. Liti"giously, ad. in a litigious manner. Liti"giousness, s. the being litigious. Lit'ter, v. to bring forth ; to cover with straw ; to supply cattle with bedding. Lit'ter, s. a kind of portable bed ; a bed for animals,or the straw scattered under them ; the young produced at a birth by a sow, cat, or bitch; things scattered carelessly about. Lit'tle, a. small, diminutive : ad. in a small degree, not much. Lit'tleness, s. smallness of bulk ; meanness. Lit'toral, a. belonging to the sea-shore. Litur'gical, a. relating to the liturgy. Lu'urgy, s. a formulary of public devotions. Live, v. to be in life, to exist ; to feed. Live, a. alive, quick, active. Li'velihood, s. the means of living, support. Li'vcliness, s. sprightliness, vivacity. Liv'elong, a. tedious, lasting, durable. Li'vely, a. brisk, gay, strong, vigorous. Liv'er, .?. one who lives ; the intestine of a dark red color which secretes the bile. Liv'er-coior, s. a very dark red. Liv'ergrowrj, a. having an enlarged liver. Liv'ery, s. clothes with different trimmings worn by servants. Liv'ery-man, s. one who wears a livery ; a freeman in a corporation. Liv'ery-stable, s. a public stable. Liv'id, a. discolored as with a blow. Livid'ity, s. discoloration as by a blow. Liv'idness, s. the state of being livid. Liv'ing, s. maintenance, support ; a benefice. Liv'ing, p. and a. vigorous ; active. Li'vre, s. a French coin, value 10ri!. sterling. Lixiv'ial, a. impregnated with salts. Lixiv'iate, a. making a lixivium or lye. Lixiv'ium, s. lye made of ashes, water, &c. Liz'ard, s. a small harmless reptile of the crocodile genus. Lo, int. look ! see ! behold ! Loach, j.' a small fish. Load, s. the leading vein in a mine. Load , s. a burden, a freight, an encumbrance ; the charge of a gun. Load, v. to burden, to encumber, to charge with powder and shot. Load'ing, s. that which makes up a load. Loads'nian, *. one that leads the way. Load'star, s. the leading star, the pole star. Load'stone, *. the magnet. Loaf, s. a mass of bread as baked. Loaf-sugar, s. sugar refined and made into a mass or lump. Loam, s. a fat unctuous earth, marl. Loam'y, a. of the nature of loam, marly Loan, s. any thing lent, interest. Loath, a. unwilling, reluctant. Loathe, v. to hate, to nauseate. Loath'ful, a. hating, abhorred, odious. Loath'ing, s. hatred, abhorrence, disgust. Loath'ingly, ad. with disgust, Loath'ly, a. hateful, disgusting: ad. unwil- lingly ; without liking. Loath'ness, s. unwillingness. Loath'some, a. disgusting, abhorred. Loath'somely, ad. so as to excite disgust. Loath'someness, s. the being loathsome. Lob, a-, a clumsy person ; a big worm. Lob, v. to let fall in a lazy manner. Lo'bate, Lo'bed, a. consisting of lobes. Lob'by, s. a small hall or passage. Lobe, a', a part of the lungs ; a division. Lob'ster, s. a crustaceous shell-fish. Lo'cal, a. relating to or being of a place. Local'ity, s. position, situation. Lo'caily, ad. with respect to place. Lo'cate, v. to place ; to settle in a place. Loca'tion, s. the act of placing; a situation. Loch, s. a lake ; a collection of waters. Lock, s. an instrument to fasten doors ; an enclosure to confine Avater ; part of a gun ; a tuft of hair. Look, v. to fasten with a lock ; to close. Lock'er, s. a drawer, a cupboard. Lock'et, *. a small ornamental lock. Lock'smith, s. a man who makes locks. Locomo'tion, *. the act of changing place. Locomo'tive, a. able to change place. Locomotiv'ity, s. power of changing place. Lo'cust, s. a devouring insect. Lo'cust-tree, s. an American tree; the acacia. Locu'tion, s. discourse ; manner of speech. Lode'star. See Loadstar. Lodge, v. to lay or place, to fix or settle ; to lay flat, as corn ; to reside or dwell in for a time. Lodge, s. a small house ; a cottage. Lod'gement. s. the act of lodging ; the state of being lodged ; a position. Lod'ger, s. one who hires a, lodging. Lod'ging, s. a temporary abode ; rooms hired ■ Loft, s. a floor ; the highest floor. Lo'ftily, ad. on high, haughtily. Lo'ftiness, s. height, pride, sublimity. Lo'fty, a. high, sublime ; haughty, proud. Log, s. a bulky piece of wood ; a piece 01 wood which, with its line, serves to measure a ship's course. Logarith'mic, Logarith'mical, Logarithrnet'- ical, a. relating to logarithms. Logarithms, s. a series of numbers in arith- metical progression, corresponding to ano- ther series in geometrical progression. Log'book, s. journal of a ship's course. Log'gats, s. an old game ; skittle-pins. Log'gerhead, s. a dolt, a thickskull. Loggerhead ed, a. dull, stupid, doltish. Log'-housc, Log'-hut, *. a house or hut, the walls of which consist of logs of wood. Lo"gic, s. the art or science of reasoning. Lo"gical, a. of or pertaining to logic. LOG 163 LOV Lo"gically, ad. by the rules of logic. Logi"cian, s. one versed in logic. Logis'tic, a. pertaining to logic. Log'line, s. a line to measure a ship's way. Logograph'ic, a. formed of one word. Logog'raphy, s. a method of printing with words cast in one piece instead of single types or letters. Logom'achy, s. a contention about words. Logomet'ric-.ycafe, s. a scale intended to measure or ascertain chymical equivalents. Log'wood, s. a wood used in dyeing. Loin, s. the reins, the hack of an animal. Loi'ter, v. to linger, to be dilatory. Loi'terer, s. one who loiters. Loll, v. to lean idly or rest lazily against something ; to hang out the tongue. Lol'lard, s. a reproachful appellation of the followers of Wickliffe. Lon'doner, s. an inhabitant of London. Lone, a. solitary, single, lonely. Lo'neliness, Lo'neness, s. solitude. Lo'nely, Lo'nesome, a. solitary, secluded. Lo'nesomeness, s. state of being lonesome. Long, a. drawn out in a line, extended, not short, tedious : ad. to a great length. Long, v. to wish or desire earnestly. Long'boat, s. the largest boat of a ship. Longe, s. a thrust or push in fencing. Longe'val, Longe'vous, a. long-lived. Longevity, s. great length of life. Long'-headed, a. prudent, calculating. Longim'anous, a. having long hands. Longim'etry, s. art of measuring distances. Long'ing, s. an earnest wish or desire. Long'ingly, ad. with incessant wishes. Long'ish, a. of moderate length. Lon'gitude, s. length ; the distance east or west, from the meridian of London. Longitu'dinal, a. pertaining to length. Longitu'dinally, ad. lengthwise. Long'-lived, a. having great length of life. Long-prim'er, s. the name of a printing-type. Long'shanked, a. having long legs. Long-si'ghted, a. seeing at a great distance. Long-si'ghtedness, s. the faculty of seeing objects afar off. Long'some, a. tedious, tiresome, long. Long'spun, a. tedious, wearisome. Long-sufferance, s. patience, clemency. Long-suffering, a. enduring patiently. Long'ways, Long' wise, ad. in length. Longwind'ed, a. long-breathed ; tedious. Loo, s. the name of a game at cards. Loo'bily, ad. awkwardly, clumsily. Loo'by, s. a lubber, a clumsy clown. Loof. See Luff. Look, v. to see, to behold ; to expect. Look, s. the air of the face, mien. Look, int. see ! behold ! observe ! Look'er, S. one that looks ; a spectator. Look'ing-glass, s. a reflecting mirror. Loom. v. to appear large and indistinct at a distance, as a ship at sea. Loom, s. a weaver's machine. Loon, Lown, s. a sorry or mean fellow. Loop, s. a noose in a rope. Loop'cd, a. full of loops or holes. Loop'holc, s. an aperture ; an evasion. Loose, v. to unbind, to relax, to set free. Loose, a. unbound, untied ; lax ; wanton. Loo'sely, ad. not fast; laxly ; unchastely. Loo'son, v. to untie ; to relax. Loo'seness, s. the state of being loose. Lop, v. to cut or chop short. Lop'pings, s.pl. tops of branches lopped off. Loqua'cious, a. full of talk, garrulous. Loqna'eiousness, s. talkativeness, loquacity. Loqna"city, s. too much talk, prate. Lord, s. a master, a ruler, a monarch, a no- bleman, a title of honor ; one of the titles of the Supreme Being. Lord, v. to domineer ; to rule despotically. Lord'] ike, a. befitting a lord ; haughty. Lord'iiness, s. dignity, high station, pride. Lord'ling, s. a lord, in contempt. Lord'ly, a. lordlike ; imperious, haughty. Lord'ly, ad. imperiously, despotically. Lord'ship, s. dominion ; a title given to lords. Lore, s. doctrine, instruction, learning. Lor'icate, v. to plate over. Lorica'tion, s. a surface like mail. Lor'imer, Lor'iner, s. a maker of bits, spurs, and metal mountings for bridles and sad- dles ; a saddler. Lorn, a. forsaken, lost, forlorn. Lose, v. to suffer loss, not to win ; to fail. Los'el, s. a worthless fellow, a scoundrel. Lo'ser, s. one who has suffered a loss. Loss, s. damage ; forfeiture ; bewilderment. Lost, p. and a. mislaid; perished, gone. Lot, s. fortune, state assigned ; portion. Lote, Lo'tos, s. a plant ; the lotos-tree. Loth. See Loath. Lo'tion, s. a medicinal wash. Lot'tery, s. a distribution of prizes by chance ; a game of chance ; a sortilege. Loud, a. noisy, clamorous, turbulent. Loud'ly, ad. noisily, clamorously. Loud'ness, s. noise, clamor, turbulence. Lough, s. a lake ; a harbour. Louis-d'or, s. a French gold coin, about ]l. Lounge, v. to idle or live lazily. Loun'ger, s. an idler, an indolent man. Lour, v. to be clouded ; to frown. Lour, s. cloudiness of look; gloominess. Lour'ingly, ad. gloomily; cloudily. Louse, s. a small insect, of which different species live on the bodies of men, and per- haps of all living animals. Louse, v. to clean from lice. Lou'sewort, s. the name of a plant. Lou'sily, ad. in a paltry, mean, scurvy way. Lou'siness, s. the state of being lousy. Lou'sy, a. swarming with lice ; mean. Lout, s. an awkward fellow, a clown. Lout'ish, a. clownish, awkward, clumsy. Lou'ver, s. a hole in the roof for the smoke. Lov'able, a. amiable ; worthy to be loved. LoVage, s. a kind of plant. Love, v. to regard with affection. Love, s. the passion between the sexes ; lik- ing, fondness, affection, concord. Lov'e-applc, s. a plant, or its fruit. Lov'eknot, s. a knot used as a token of tho indissolubility of mutual love. Lov'eless, a. void of love or tenderness. LoVe-letter, s. a letter of courtship. Lov'elock, s. a lock of hair so called. Lov'eiily, ad. amiably, in a lovely manner. Lov'eliness, s. amiableness. Lov'elorn, a. forsaken by one's love LOV 164 LU'R Xov'ely, a. amiable, exciting love. Lov'er, s. one who is in love ; an admirer. Lov'e-shaft, s. an arrow of Cupid. Lov'e-sick, a. languishing with love. ■LoVe-song, s. a song expressing love. Lov'e-suit, s. courtship. Lov'etale, s. a narrative of love. Lov'etoken, s. a present in token of love. Lov etoy, s. a small present made by a lover. Lov'etrick, s. the art of expressing love. Lov'ing, p. and a. liking : kind, affectionate. Loving-ki'ndness, s. tenderness, mercy. Lov'ingly, ad. affectionately, with kindness. Lov'ingness, s. tenderness, affection. Low, a. not high ; humble, dejected, mean. Low, ad. with a low voice, abjectly. Low, v. to bellow as a cow. Lo'wer, v. to bring low, to humble ; to sink. Lo'wermost, a. lowest, deepest. Lo'wing, s. the bellowing or cry of cattle. Lo'wland, s. a low country, a marsh. Lo'wlihood, s. humble or low state. Xo'wliness, s. humility; want of dignity. Lo'wly, a. humble, meek, not lofty. Lo'wness, s. the state of being low. Lovvspir'ited, a. dejected, not lively. Lowspir'itedness, s. dejection of mind. Loy'al, v. true to a prince, faithful to a lover. Loy'alist, s. one faithful to his king. Loy'al ly, ad. with fidelity or adherence. Loy'alty, s. fidelity, adherence. Loz'enge, s. a rhomboid or oblique-angled parallelogram; a four-cornered figure ; a small confection. Lcz'enged, a. having the shape of a Lub'ber, Lub'bard, s. a lazy idle fellow. Lub'berly, a. lazy and bulky. Lub'berly, ad. awkwardly, clumsily. Lu'bric, Lu'bricous, a. slippery, smooth. Lu'bricate, v. to make smooth or slippery. Lubri"city, s. slipperiness ; wantonness. Lubrifao'tion, Lubrifica'tion, s. the act of smoothing or making slippery. Luce, s. a pike full grown. Lu'cent, a. shining, bright, splendid. Lu'cern, s. a herb cultivated for fodder. Lucer'nal, a. pertaining to a lamp. Lu'cid, a. shining, bright, pellucid, clear. Lucid'ity, s. splendor, brightness. Lu'cidness, s. transparency, clearness. Lu'cifer, s. the devil ; the morning star. Lucife'rian, a. diabolical, devilish. Lucif'erous, Lucif ic, a. giving light. Lucif'erously, ad. so as to give light. Lu'oiform. a. having the nature of light. Luck, s. chance ; fortune, good or bad. Luck'ily, ad. fortunately, by good hap. Luck'iness, s. good hap, casual happiness. Luck'less, a. unfortunate, unhappy. Luck'y, a. fortunate, happy by chance. Lu'erative, a. profitable, gainful. Lu'cre, s. gain, profit, pecuniary advantage. Lucta'tion, s. a struggle, effort, contest. Luctif'erous, Luctif'ic, a. causing sorrow. Lu'cubrate, v. to study by night. Lucubra'tion, s. study by candle-light or ! at night ; night thoughts. Lu'cubratory, a. composed by candle-light. Lu'culent, a. clear, lucid, certain, evident. Ludib'rious, a. sportive, wanton. Lu'dicrous, a. sportive, merry, burlesque. Lu'dic.ously, ad. in burlesque, sportively. Lu'dicrousness, s. burlesque ; sportiveness i ridiculousness. Ludifica'tion, s. the act of mocking. Ludif'icatory, a. mocking ; making sport. Lufiyw. to keep close to the wind. Lug, v. to pull with violence ; to dra.g. Lug, s. a small fish ; the ear. Lug'gage, s. any cumbrous heavy thing. Lug'ger, s. a vessel with lugsails. Lug'-sail, s. a kind of square sail. Lugu'brious, a. mournful, sorrowful. Lu'kewarm, a. moderately warm ; not hot ; indifferent; deficient in zeal. Lu'kewarmly, ad. with indifference. Lu'kewarmness, s. state or quality of being lukewarm ; indifference. Lull, v. to compose to sleep, to put to rest. Lul'laby, s. a song to quiet infants. Lumba"ginous, a. proceeding from lumbago. Lumba'go. s. pains about the loins and small of the back. Lum'bar, a. pertaining to the loins. Lum'ber, s. any thing useless or cumber- some : v. to fill with lumber, to heap in disorder; to move heavily. Lum'brical, a. resembling a worm : s. a muscle of the fingers and toes. Lu'minary, s. any body that gives light. Lu'minous, a. shining, bright; enlightened. Lu'minously, ad. in a luminous manner. Lu'minousness, s. the quality of being lu- minous; clearness. Lump, s. a shapeless mass ; the gross. Lump, v. to take in the gross, without atten- tion to particulars. Lump'fish, s. a thick and ill-shaped fish, called also the sucker and the sea-owl. Lump'ing, Lump'ish, a. large, gross. Lump'ishly, ad. with stupidity, heavily. Lump'ishness, s. stupid heaviness. Lump'y, a. full of lumps ; dull, heavy. Lu'nacy, s. madness in general. Lu'nar, Lu'nary, a. relating to the moon. Luna'rian, s. an inhabitant of the moon. Lu'nated, a. formed like a half moon. Lu'natic, a. mad : s. a madman. Luna'tion, s. a revolution of the moon. Lunch, Lun'cheon, .?. a slight repast. Lune, s. a crescent; a fit of lunacy. Lu'net, Lunett'e, s. in fortification, an out- work or counterguard ; a small half-moon. Lunge. See Longe. Lungs, s. the organs of respiration, vulgarly called the lights. Lu'niform, a. resembling the moon. Luut, s. a match-cord to fire guns with. Lu'nular, a. shaped like a crescent. Lu'nulate, a. resembling a small crescent. Lu'percai, a. pertaining to certain feasts in ancient Rome, called Lupercalia. Lu'pine, s. a sort of pulse, a plant. Lurch, v. to evade by stooping; to shift sud- denly ; to disappoint ; to roll to one side ; to lurk ; to filch or pilfer : s. a sudden roll, as of a ship ; a forlorn or deserted state. Lureh'er, s. one that lurches ; a dog that watches for his game. Lure, s. an enticement : v . to entice. Lu'rid, a. pale, gloomy, dismal. Lurk, v. to lie in wait, to lie close. LUR 185 MAG' Lurk'er, s. a thief that lies in wait; Lurk'hig-place, s. a hiding or secret place; LusViuus, a. sweet, pleasing, cloying. Lusciously, ad. sweetly to a great degree. Lus'ciousness, s. sweetness ; richness. Lush, a juicy, succulent; rank. Lu'sfta'nian, a. pertaining to Lusitania or Portugal : s. a native of Lusitania. Luso'rious, Lu'sory, a. used in play, sportive. Lust, sr. carnal desire : v. to long for. Lust'ful, a. having irregular desires. Lustfully, ad. with sensual desire. Lust/fulness, s. libidinousness. Lust'ihead, Lust'ihood, 5. corporal vigour. Lus'tily, ad stoutly, with vigour. Lus'tiness, s. stoutness, vigour of body. Lus'tral, a. used in purification. Lus'trate, v. to cleanse, to purify. Lustra'tion, s: a purification. Lus'tre, s. brightness ; renown ; a sconce with lights ; the space of five years. Lus'tring, s. a kind of shining silk. Lus'trous, a. bright, shining, luminous. Lus'trum, s. the space of five years. Lus'ty, a. stout, healthy, able of body. Luta'rious, a. living in mud, like mud. Luta'tion, s. the act of luting. Lute, s. a musical instrument. Lute, s. a clay with which chymists close up their vessels: v. to close with lute or clay. Lu'testring, s. the string of a lute ; a kind of ribbon. See Lustring. Lu'theran, s. a follower of Luther. Lu'theran, a. relating to the doctrine or fol- lowers of Luther, the Reformer. Lu'theranism, s. the doctrine of Luther. Lu'tist, s. a player on the lute. Lu'tulence, s. muddiness, dirtiness. Lu'tule.nt, a. muddy, foul, turbid. Lux, Lux'ate, v. to put out of joint. Luxa'tion, s. the act of disjointing. Luxu'riance, Luxu'riancy, s. exuberance ; abundant plenty or growth. Luxu'riant, a. superfluously plenteous. Luxu'riantly, ad. abundantly ; exuberantly. Luxu'riate, v. to grow exuberantly. Luxu'rious, a. voluptuous ; softening by pleasure ; enervating ; exuberant. Luxuriously, ad. voluptuously, deliciously. Luxu'riousness, s. voluptuousness. Lux'ury, *. delicious fare ; profuseness ; ad- dietedhess to pleasure. I ycan'thropy, s. a species of madness. Lyoe'uiv,, s. an academy ; the place where Aristotle taught his philosophy. Lyd'ian, s. in music, a soft, slow air. Lye, s. water impregnated with alkaline from wood ashes being steeped in it. Ly'ing, a. false ; s. the vice of falsehood. Lf'ingly, ad. falsely ; without truth. Lymph, s. a pure transparent animal fluid. Lymphat'ic, a. belonging to the lymph. Lymphat'ics, s. vessels which absorb the su- perfluous moisture or lymph in the system. Lym'pheduct, s. a vessel to convey lymph. Lynx, a', a .sharp-sighted spotted beast. Ly'rated, a. in botany, formed like a harp. L\re, s. a harp, a musical instrument. Lyric, Lyr'ical, a. pertaining to a harp, or to odes or poetry sung to a harp. Ly'rist, S. one who plays on the harp. M. Mab, s. the queen of the fairies. Mac, s. an Irish and Scotch word for son, a'3 MacDonald, the son of Donald. Macad'amize, v. to make or repair roads, by covering them with small broken stones, whose angular parts unite by pressure and form a smooth, hard surface ; so called from Mae J dam, the projector. Macaro'ni, s. food, of mixed ingredients, formed into paste, and moulded into strings ; a medley or mixture ; a coxcomb ; a spruce beau or fopling. Macaron'ic, a. a kind of burlesque poetry, consisting of a jumble of words from dif- ferent languages. Macaroon', s. a sweet cake or biscuit. Macaw', s. a beautiful kind of parrot. Macaw'-tree, s. a species of the palm-tree. Mace, s. an ensign of authority ; a spice. Ma'eebearer, s. one who carries the mace. Ma"cerate, v. to make lean ; to mortify. Macera'tion, s. a making lean ; a steeping. Machiave'lian, s. a follower of the opinions of Machiavel : a. crafty ; subtle. Mach'iavelism, s. subtlety ; political craft. Mac'hinal, a. relating to machines. Mac'hinate, v. to plan, to contrive, to invent. Machina'tion, s. an a~rtifice, contrivance. Mach'inator, s. one who forms schemes. Machi'ne, s. an engine ; an artificial work. Machinery, s. enginery ; any complicated workmanship ; the agency by which any thing is carried on. Machinist, s. a constructor of engines. Maek'erel, *. a small sea fish. Macta'tion, s. the act of killing for sacrifice. Mac'ula, s. a spot or stain. Mac'ulate, a. spotted : v. to stain, to spot. Macula'tion, s. the act of spotting ; a stain. Mad, a. disordered in the mind ; furious, enraged : v. to make or be mad. Mad'den, v. to make mad ; to enrage. Mad'am, s. a term of address to a lady. Mad'brained, a. hotheaded, wild, disordered. Mad'cap, s. a wild hot-brained person. Made'ira, s. Madeira wine. Mad'der, s. a plant used in dyeing. Mad'efy, V . to moisten, to make wet. Mad'headed, a. hot-headed, rash. Mad'house, s. a house for lunatics. Mad'ly, ad. foolishly, furiously, rashly. Mad'man, s. an insane man, a lunatic. Mad'ness, s. the state of being mad. Mado'na, Madon'na,.?. apicture of the Virgin. Mad'repore, 5. a coral or zoophite formation. Mad'rigal, s. a pastoral air or song. Magazi'ne, s. a storehouse ; an arsenal or ar- moury ; a miscellaneous pamphlet. Mag'got, s. a small grub ; a whim, caprice. Mag'gotiness, s. the being maggoty. Mag'goty, a. full of maggots ; capricious. Ma'gi, s. astrologers and priests of the East. Ma'gian, a. relating to the Eastern magi. Ma gic, Ma"gical, a. performed by magic Ma"gic, s. enchantment ; sorcery. Ma"gically, ad. by the art of magic. Magi"cian, s. one skilled in magic. Magiste'rial, a. lofty, arrogant, proud. M?,giste'rially, ad. arrogantly, proudly. MAG 166 MAL Magiste'rialness. s. haughtiness. Ma"gistery, s. a fine powder or precipitate. Magistracy, s. the office of a magistrate. Ma"gistral, a. authoritative ; masterly. Magistrallty,.?. despotic authority in opinions. Ma"gistrally, ad. authoritatively. Ma"gistrate, s. a public civil officer invested j with authority ; a justice of the peace. Magistrat'ic, a. having magisterial authority. ] Mag'na Char'ta, s. the great charter of Eng- j lish liberties, extorted from King John, renewed with some alterations by Henry III., and confirmed by Edward I. Magnanimity, s. greatness of mind. Magnan'imous, a. great of mind, brave. Magnanimously, ad. with greatness of mind. Mag'nate, s. a grandee or nobleman. Magne'sia, 5. a primitive earth, absorbent, anti-acid, and mildly cathartic. Magne'sium, s. the metallic base of magnesia. Mag'net, s. a stone that attracts iron. Magnetic, Magnetlcal, a. relating to the magnet ; attractive. Magnetically, ad. by means of magnetism. Magnetlcalness, s. quality of being magnetic. Magnetics, s. the science of magnetism. Maglietism, s. the power of attraction. Mag'netize, v. to communicate magnetic properties to ; to become magnetic. Mag'nifiable, a. worthy to be extolled. Magniflc, Magniflcal, a. illustrious, grand. Magniflcally, ad. in a magnific manner. Magnifleate, v. to magnify by praises. Magnificence, s. grandeur, splendor. Magnificent, a. grand, splendid, pompous. Magnificently, ad. pompously: splendidly. Magniflco, s. a grandee of Venice. Magnifier, s. he who, or that which magnifies. Magnify, v. to make great, to extol. Magnil'oquence, s. a lofty or boasting manner of speaking ; pompous language. Magnil'oquent, Magnil'oquence, a. speaking in a high or pompous style. Magnitude, s. greatness, bulk; grandeur. Magnolia, s. an exotic plant, the tulip-tree. Mng'pie, 5. a bird ; a talkative person. Mahog'any, s. a valuable reddish wood. Mahom/etan, Mohamlnedan, a. pertaining to Mahomet or Mahometanism. Mahom'etan, Moham'medan, s. a follower of Mahomet, a Mussulman. Mahoin'etanism, Moliam'rnedanism, s. the religion of Mahometans. Mahom'etanize, v. to render conformable to the customs or manners of the Mahometans. Maid, Maid' en, s. a virgin, a young female ; a female servant. Maid'en, a. fresh, new, unpolluted. Maid'enhead, Maid'enhood, s. virginity. Maid'cnliness, s. gentleness; modesty. Maid'euly, a. like a maid ; gentle ; modest. Maid'servant, S a female servant. Mail, s. a coat of steel not-work ; armour ; a postman's bag. Mail, v. to cover, as with armour. Mail-co'ach, s. a coach for conveying the public mails, Maim, v. to hurt, to wound, to cripple. Maim, s. lameness, delect, injury. Maim'edncss, *. the state of being maimed. Main, a great, weighty, principal, chief. Main, j. the gross, the whole; the ocean. Main '-land, s. the continent. Mainly, ad. chiefly, to a great degree. Main'mast, *. the chief or middle mast. Main'prizo, s. a bail, pledge, surety. Main'sail, s. the sail of the mainmast. Main'sheet, s. the rope that extends the mainsail. Maintain', v. to uphold, to support, to assert. Maintain'able, a. defensible, justifiable. Maintainor, s. one who maintains. Main'tenance, s. sustenance, defence. Main'top, s. the top of the mainmast. Maize, s. Indian corn. Majes'tic, Majcs'tical, a. august, grand. Majes'tically, ad. with dignity or grandeur. Ma"jesty, s. dignity, grandeur; the title given to kings and queens. Main'yard, s. the yard of the mainmast. Ma'jor, a. greater ; senior, elder. Ma'jor, s. an officer in the army ; in logic, the first proposition of a syllogism. Major-do'mo, s. a house steward. Major-gen'eral, s. the next military officer in rank below a lieutenant-general. Majority, s. the greater number ; the rank or office of a major ; full age. Make, v. to form, to create, to cause, to per- form ; to force or constrain ; to gain. Make, s. form, structure, nature. Ma'kebate, s. one who breeds quarrels. Ma'ker, s. the Creator ; he who makes. Ma'kepeace, s. a peace-maker, a reconciler. Ma'kmg, s. the act of forming. Ma'koweight, s. any small thing thrown in. Mal'ady, *. a distemper, a sickness. Mal'aga, s. the wine of Malaga in Spain. Mai alia, ,?. a noxious exhalation ; bad air. Mal'apcrt. a. saucy, impertinent, bold. Mal'apertly, ad. saucily ; impudently. Mal'apertness, s. saueiness, impudence. Malap'ropos, [Fr.] ad. unsuitably. Ma'lar, a. pertaining to the jaw. Mal-administra'tion, s. ill behaviour in any public employ ; bad management. Malconforma'tion, s. disproportion of parts. Mal'contcnt, Male'content, a. discontented, dissatisfied : s. one who is dissatisfied ; a disaffected person. Maleontent'edness, s. discontentedness. Male, a. of the masculine gender. Malcdic'tion, s. a curse, an execration. Malefac'tion, s. a crime, an offence. Malel'ac'tor, s. an offender against law. Malefic, a. mischievous, hurtful. Maleficent, a. wicked, doing evil. Malev'olcnce, s. ill-will, malignity, spite. Malev'olent,a. ill-natured, malignant. Malev'olently, ad. malignly; malignantly. Malev'olous, a. malevolent ; malicious. Malfea'sance, s. wrong; an illegal deed. Mal'formation, *. a wrong or bad formation. Malice, s. ill-will ; deliberate mischief. Mali"cious, a. full of malice, malignant. Mali"ciously, ad. with intention of mischief. Mali"ciousncss, s. malice, malignity. Mali'gn, a. ill-disposed, unfavourable. Mali'gn, v. to regard with malice; to defame. Mahg'nancy, Malig'nity, s. malevolence. Malig'nant, a. malicious, mischievous. Malig'nantly, ad. with ill intention. MA.L 167 MAN Mali'gner, s. a malicious censurei. Mali'gnly, ad. enviously; with ill-will. Malison, [old Fr.] a malediction. Mal'kin, s. a dirty wench ; a mop. Mall, .?. a public waik; a beater or hammer. Mall, v. to strike or beat with a mall. Mallard, s. a wild drake. Malleability, s. malleableness. Malleable, a. capable of being beaten out or spread by the hammer. Malleableness, s. the being malleable. Mal'leate, v. to beat with a hammer. Malloation, .?. the act of beating. Mal'let, s. a wooden hammer. Mai low, Mallows, s. an emollient plant. Malm'sey, *. a sort of grape ; a kind of wine. Malprac'tice, s. bad practice or conduct;. Malt, s. barley steeped in water and dried. Malt, v. to make malt ; to become malt. Malt'rloor, s. a floor for drying malt on. Mait'-horse, s. a horse used in grinding malt ; a dull fellow. Malt'house, s. a house for making malt in. Malt'-man, s. a man who makes malt. Mai -treat', v. to treat ill or amiss. Mal-treat'ment, s. ill-usage or abuse. Malt'ster, s. one who deals in malt. Malva'ceous, a. made .of mallows. Mal-versa'tion, s. misbehaviour in any office ; mean artifices or shifts. Mam, Main ma', s. a fond word for Mother. Mam'aluke, s. an Egyptian horse soldier. Mammalia, [Lat.] s.pl. animals that suckle their young. Mamma'lian, a. pertaining to mammalia. Mam'met, s. a puppet ; a figure dressed. Mammif'erous, a. having paps or breasts. Mam miliary, a. belonging to the breasts. jVlam'inillated, a. having small nipples. Mam'mock, s. a shapeless piece. Mam'mock, v. to tear o: pull in pieces. Mam'mon, s. riches, wealth ; worldliness. Mam'monist, $ a worldly-minded person. Mam'moth, s. an antediluvian or extinct animal of huge dimensions. Man. s. a human being ; a male ; not a boy. Man, v. to furnish with men Man'acle, v. to chain the bands; to shackle. Man'acles, s. chains for the hands. Man 'age, v. to conduct ; to wield ; to govern ; to carry on ; to husband. Man'ageable, a. governable, tractable. Man'ageablencss, s. the being manageable. Man'agement, 5. conduct ; government. Man'ager, s. a conductor ; a frugal person. Man'diot. s. a small white loaf. Manchineel', s. a West Indian tree. Man'cipate, v. to enslave ; to bind. Mancipation, s. involuntary servitude. Man'ciple, s. a purveyor, a steward. Manda'miis, s. a writ in the Queen's Bench. Mandarin', s, a Chinese magistrate or noble. Man elate, s. a command, a precept. Man'datory, a. preceptive ; directory. Man'dible, s. the jaw; a bird's bill. Mandibular, a. belonging to the jaw. Man'dil, s. a sort of mantle or cloak. Mandrag'ora, Man'drake, s. a narcotic plant. Man'drel, s. a pulley belonging to a lathe. Man'dril, s. a species of monkey. Man'ducable, a. that can be chewed. Man'ducate, v. to chew, to eat. Manduca'tlon. s. the act of chewing. Mane, *. the hair on the neck of a horse, &c. Man'eater, s. one who eats human flesh. Mane'ge, [Fr.] s. a place where horses are trained, or horsemanship taught. Ma'nes, [Lat.] s. the ghost or shade of one departed. Man'ful, a. bold, stout, daring, valiant. Man'fuhiess, s. stoutness ; boldness. Man 'fully, ad. boldly, stoutly, valiantly. Man 'gaby,*. the white or.nakcd-eyed monkey. Mangane'se, s. a grayish metal, the oxide of which is used by glass-makers, &c. Mangane'sian, a. pertaining to manganese. Mangano'sic, a. obtained from manganese. Mange, s. the itch or scab in cattle. Man'gel-wur'zel, s. a kind of beet-root. Ma'nger, s. a long wooden trough for animals to eat out of. Ma'nginess, s. iniection with the mange. Man'gle, s. a rolling-press for smoothing linen ; a sort of calender : v. to smoothe cloth with a mangle. Man'gle, v. to lacerate, to cut and hack. Man'gler, .?. a hacker ; one that mangles. Man'go, s. an Indian fruit and pickle. Man'gonel, s. an engine formerly used for throwing stones and battering walls. Man'grove, s. an Indian plant. Ma'ngy, a. infected with the mange. Man'hater, s. a morose, misanthropic being. Man'hood, s. courage, bravery, virility. Ma'nia, s. madness. Ma'niac, s. a mad person : a. raving mad. Mani'acal, a. affected with madness. Mantcon, s. a species of nightshade. Manifest, a. palpable, plain, evident, clear. Manifest, v. to make manifest. Manifestable, a. easy to be made manifest Manifestation, s. discovery; publication. Man'ifestness, s. perspicuity ; clear evidence. Manifestly, ad. plainly, evidently. Manifesto, s. a public protestation. Manifold, a. many in number ; divers. Manifoldly, ad. in a manifold manner. Manlfoldness, s. state of being manifold. Manillo, Manill'a, s. a sort of ring or braces- let worn in Africa. Ma'nioc, s. a West-Indian plant. Maniple, s. a handful; a band of soldiers. Manip'ular, a. relating to a maniple. Manipulation, s. work by the hand; a man- ner of extracting silver from mines. Man'killer, s. one who slays a man. Manki'nd, s. the human race. Manlike, Manly, a. becoming a man, brave. Manliness, s. bravery, stoutness, dignity. Manmid'wife, s. an accoucheur. Man'na, s. a gum or honey-l'ike juice. Man'ner, s. form ; custom ; sort, kind ; way, method ; mien : pi. behaviour ; civility. Man'ner, v. to instruct in morals. Man'nerism, s. uniformity of manner. Man'nerist, s. an artist who performs all his works in one unvaried manner. Man'ner] iness, s. civility; complaisance. Manlierly, a. civil, polite: ad. civilly. Man'ners, s. pi. polite behaviour ; conduct Mar/nikin, s. a little man, a dwarf. Man'nish, a. bold ; masculine ; impudent. MAN 166 MAR Manoeu'vre, s. skilful management; strata- gem : v. to manage skilfully. Man-of-war', s. a large ship of war. Man'or, s. a lord's jurisdiction or land. Man'or-house, s. the house of the lord or owner of the manor. Mano'rial, a. belonging to a manor. Manse, s. a parsonage-house. Man'sion, s. a dwelling-house, an abode. Man'sion. v. to dwell as in a mansion. Man'sionary, a. resident, residentiary. Man'sionry, s. place of residence. Manslaughter, s. slaying without malice. Man'slayer, s. one that has killed another. Man'ste'aler, s. one that steals and sells men for slaves. Man'stealing, s. the act of stealing and sell- ing a human being. Man'suete, a. mild, gentle; not ferocious. Man'suetude, s. mildness, gentleness. Man'tel, Man'tel-piece, Man'tel-shelf, s, raised work over a fire-place. Man'telet, s. a kind of short cloak ; in forti- fication, a pent-house for shelter. Manti'ger, & a large monkey or baboon. Mantilla, s. a loose light covering thrown over the dress of a Spanish lady.. Man'tle, s. a garment which covers the rest of the dress, a cloak. Man'tle, v. to cloak, to cover or spread over. Man'tling, s. in heraldry, the drapery that is drawn about a coat of arms. Man'tua, s. a lady's gown. Mari'tua-maker, s. one who makes gowns, a dress-maker. Man'ual, a. performed by the hand. Man'ual, s. a hand-book, a small book. Man'uary, a. performed by the hand. Manu'bial, a. taken as spoils in war. Manuduc'tion, s. a guidance by the hand. Manufactory, s. the place where a manu- facture is carried on. Manufac'tural, a. relating to manufactures. Manufacture, 5. any thing made by art. Manufacture, v. to make by art. Manufacturer, s. an artificer, a workman. Manumis'sion, s. the act of freeing slaves. Manumit', v. to release from slavery. Manu're, v. to cultivate by manual labour ; to fatten with dung or compost : s. dung or compost. Manu'rement, s. cultivation ; improvement. Manu'rer, s. he who manures land. Man'uscript, s. a written copy of a book : a. written with the hand, not printed. Man'y, a. numerous : s. the multitude. Man'y-colored, a. having many colors. Many-headed, a. having many heads. Map, *. a representation of the earth, or of a part of it, on a flat surface. Map, v. to delineate, to set down. Maple, s. a tree ; the sycamore. Maple-su'gar, s. sugar obtained by evapora- tion from the juice of the rock maple. Map'ping, Map'pery, s. the art of planning or delineating maps. Mar, v. to injure, to spoil, to damage. Maranath'a, s. a form of anathematizing. Maras'mous, a. consumptive ; wasting. Maras'mus, s. a consumption ; atrophy. Maraud', v. to lay waste ; to plunder. Marau'der, s. a plundering soldier. Marau'ding, s. a roving in quest of plunder.. Marave'di, s. a small Spanish copper coin. Marble, s. a stone of a fine polish. Mar'ble, a. made of or like marble. Mar'ble-hearted, a. cruel, hard-hearted. Mar'casite, s. a hard bright fossil. Marces'cent, a. fading, withering. March, s. the third month of the year ; a journey of soldiers ; a solemn procession. March, v. to walk in military form. Mar'ches, s. the limits of a country. March'ing, s. the moving in military form. Mar'chioness, s. the wife of a marquess. March 'pane, s. a kind of sweet bread. Mar'cid, a. lean, withered, faded, rotten. Mare, *. the female of a horse. Mar'eschal, [Fr.] s-. a commander of an army. Mar'garite, Sv a pearl ; a mineral. Mar'gin, s. an edge, a border : v. to furnish with or enter in a margin. Mar'ginal, a. placed in the margin. Marginally, ad. in the margin of the book. Mar'grave, s. a German title of sovereignty. Margra'viate, s. the territory of a margrave. Margrav'ine, s. the wife of a margrave. Mar'igold, s. a yellow flower, a pot-herb. Marine', a. belonging to the sea. Marine', s. a sea soldier; sea affairs. Mar'iner, s. a seaman, a sailor. Mar'ish, a. moorish, fenny, boggy. Mari'tal, a. pertaining to a husband. Maritime, a. performed on the sea, relating to the sea, bordering on the sea. Mar'joram, s. a sweet-smelling herb. Mark, s. a stamp, an impression, a proof; a silver coin worth 1 3*. Ad. Mark, v. to make a mark, to note. Marker, s. one that notes, or takes notice. Mar'ket, s. the place for and time of sale. Mar'ket, v. to deal at a market. Marketable, a. fit for sale at market. Alar'ket-cross, s. a cross formerly erected where the market was held. Mar'ket-day, s. the day on which things are bought and sold at the market. Mar'ket-house, s. a building for a market. Mar'ket-place, s. the place for the market. Mar'ket-price, s. the price at which any thing is currently sold. Mar'ket-town, s. a town that has the privi- lege of a stated public market. Mar'ket-woman, s. a woman that attends a market for the purpose of selling any thing. Marks'man, s. one who can hit a mark. Marl, s. a sort of fertilizing clay: v. to manure with marl. Marline, s. a small line, generally tarred, for winding round ropes and cables, to pre- vent their being injured. Marlinespike, *. a small iron spike. Marllte, s. a variety of marl. Marl'pit, s. a pit out of which marl is dug. Marl'y, a. abounding with marl. Mar'malade, a. quinces boiled with sugar. Marmo'rean, a. made of marble. Mar'mose, s. a small kind of opossum. Mar'moset. s. a small kind of monkey. Mar'mot, *. an animal of the rat kind. Maroon', *. a free black living on the moun- tains in the West Indies. MAR 169 MAT Maroon'ing, s. the barbarous punishment of leaving on an uninhabited island. Marque, s. a letter or licence for reprisals. Marquee', [Fr.] s. an officer's field tent. Mar'quetry, s. inlaid or variegated work. Marquess, Mar'quis, v. a peer in rank be- tween an earl and a duke. Mar'quisate, s. the dignity of a marquess. Mar'rer, s. one that mars or hinders. Mar'riage, .?. the act or state of being mar- ried ; wedlock. Marriageable, a. of age to bo married. Marriageableness, s. fitness for marriage. Mar'ried, p. and a. wedded ; not single, con- jugal, connubial. Marrow, s. an oily substance in bones ; the essence or best part of any thing. Mar'rowbone, s. a bone boiled or cooked for the marrow. Mar'rowfat, s. a fine large species of pea. Mar'rowless, a. void of marrow ; dry. Marrowy, a. pithy ; full of strength or sap. Marry I int. indeed, forsooth. Mar'ry, v. to unite in wedlock ; to give in mar- riage ; to take for a husband or a wife. Mars, s. the heathen god of war ; a planet. Marsh, s. a bog, a fen, a swamp. Mar'shal, s. the chief officer of arms ; an officer who regulates rank and order; a harbinger ; a commander-in-chief. Mar'shal, v. to arrange, to rank in order. Mar'shaller, s. one that arranges. Mar'shalsea, s. a prison for debtors. Mar'shalship, s. the office of a marshal. Marshmal'low, s. the name of a plant. Marsh'y, a. boggy, wet, swampy, fenny. Mart, s. a place of public sale; a market. Mart, v. to traffic, to buy or sell. Mar'tagon, s. a kind of lily. Martcl'lo-fowrr, s. an alarm tower. Mar'ten, s. a large kind of weasel whose fur is much valued. See Martin. Mar'tial, a. warlike, valiant, brave. Mar'tialism, s. bravery ; warlike exercises. Mar'tialist, s. a warrior, a fighter. Mar'tin, Mar'ten, s. a kind of swallow. Mar'tingal, s. a strap passing between the forelegs of a horse to the girth, to prevent his rearing ; a sea term applied to a rope. Mar'tinmas, s. the feast of St. Martin. Mar'tinet, s. a strict disciplinarian. Mart'let, s. a small martin or swallow; used in heraldry to distinguish younger brothers. Mar'tyr, s. one who by his death bears wit- ness to the truth he maintains. Mar'tyr, v. to make a martyr ; to torture. Mar'tyrdom, s. the death of a martyr. Martyrize, v. to torment as a martyr. 'vlartyrol'ogist, s. a writer of martyrology. Martyrol'ogy, s. a register of martyrs. Mar'vel, s. a wonder : v. to wonder. Ma/vellous, a. astonishing, strange. Mar'vellously, ad. wonderfully, strangely. Mar'vel lousness, s. wonderfulness. Mas'culino, a. male, like a man, manly. Mas'culineness, s. male figure or behaviour. Mash, s. a mixture of water, bran, &c, for cattle : v. to bruise, to mix up together. Mash'tub, Mash'vat, s. the vessel in which water and malt are mixed for brewing. Mash'y, a. produced by crushing. Mask, s. a disguise ; a masquerade. Mask, v. to disguise with a mask. Mask'er, s. one who revels in a mask. Ma'son, s. a builder in stone ; one of a soci- ety called free-masons. Mason'ic, a. relating to freemasons. Ma'sonry, s. the craft or work of a mason. Mas'orah, s. a Hebrew work on the Bible. Masoret'ic, a. relating to the masovah. Masquera'de, s. an assembly of maskers. Masquera'do, v. to go in disguise. Masquera'der, s. a person in a mask. Mass, s. a body or lump, a quantity. Mass, s. the service of the Roman Catholic church at the eucharist. Mas'sacre, s. butchery, slaughter, murder. Mas'sacre, v. to butcher indiscriminately. Mas'seter, s. a muscle of the under jaw. Mas'sicot, s. calcined white lead. Mas'siness. Mas'siveness, s. weight, bulk. Massive, Mas'sy, a. weighty, solid. Mast, s. the beam or post erected in a ship, to which the sails are fixed. Mast, *. the fruit of the oak, beech, &c, Mast'ed, a. furnished with a mast. Mas'ter, s. one who has rule or direction over others ; an owner ; a teacher ; a young gentleman ; a title in a university. Mas'ter, v. to rule, to govern, to conquer. Mas'terdom, s. dominion ; rule. Mas'ter-hand, s. a hand eminently skilful. Mas'ter-key, s. a key which opens many locks ; a solution of many difficulties. Mas'terless, a. having no master, unruly. Mas'terliness, s. eminent skill. Mas'terly, a. skilful, artful; imperious. Mas'terly, ad. with the skill of a master. Mas'terpiece, s. chief excellence ; a perform- ance showing extraordinary skill. Mas'tership, s. power, pre-eminence, skill ; headship of a school or college. Mas'ter-stroke, s. a capital performance. Mas'ter-touch, s. the finishing touch, a touch that shows the master. Mas'ter-work, s. the chief or best work. Mas'tery, y. dominion, superiority, skill. Mast'ful, a. abounding with masts or fruit. Mas'ticate, v. to chew. Mastica'tion, s. the act of chewing. Mas'ticatory, s. a medicine to be chewed. Mas'tic, s. a sweet-scented gum ; cement. Mas'tiff, s. a large fierce species of dog. Mast'less, a. bearing no mast. Mas'todon, s. ahugemammiferousand tusked animal, now extinct. Mat, 5. a texture of rushes, sedge, or flags. Mat, v. to cover with mats ; to twist together. Mat'adore, s. a term at ombre or quadrille. Match, s. a contest ; an equal ; a marriage ; a strip of wood tipped with brimstone. Match, v. to be equal to ; to suit ; to marry. Match/able, a. suitable, equal, correspondent. Match'less, a. having no equal. Match'Jessly, ad. so as not to be matched. Match'lessness, J. state of being unequalled Match'lock, *. the lock of the musket in for- mer times holding the match. Match'maker, s. one who makes matches. Mate, s. companion ; the second in command at sea, as the mastej-'s mate. Mate, v. to match ; to marry ; to equal. MAT 170 ME A Ma'teless, a. not having a companion. Mater, s. (in anatomy) the membrane that covers the cerebellum or brain. It is usually called the dura mater. Mate'ria Med'ica, [Lat.] a term for the va- rious drugs, &c. used in the medical art. Mate'rial, a. consisting of matter, not spi- ritual ; important, essential. Materialism, s. the doctrines of materialists. Mate'rialist, s. one who denies the doctrine of spiritual substances. Materiality, s. material existence. Mate'rialize, v. to form into matter. Materially, ad. essentially, importantly. Mate'rialness, s. state of being material. Mate'rials, s. what any thing is made of. Mater'nal, a. motherly, fond, kind. Mater'nity, s. motherhood. Math, s. a mowing ; as, "after-math." Mathema'tic, Mathematical, a. considered according to the doctrine of mathematics. Mathematically, ad. according to the laws or rules of mathematics. Mathemati"cian, s. one skilled in, or ateacher of mathematics. Mathemat'ics, s. the science which treats of whatever can be measured or numbered. Mathe'sis, J. the doctrine of mathematics. Mat'in, a. pertaining to the morning. Matins, s. pi. morning worship. Mat'rass, s. a chemical glass vessel. Ma'trice, Ma'trix, s. the womb; a mould; that which gives form to what is enclosed. Mat'ricidal, a. pertaining to matricide. Mat'ricide, s. the murderer of a mother. Matriculate, v. to enter or admit as a mem- ber of a university. Matriculate, s. one enrolled in a society. Matriculate, a. enrolled in any society. Matricula'tion, s. the act of matriculating. Matrinio'nial, a. pertaining to marriage. Matrimo'nially, ad. according to the laws or manner of marriage. Mat'rimony, s. marriage, wedlock. Ma'tron, s. a prudent motherly woman. Ma'tronal, a. suitable to a matron. Ma'tronize, v. to render matronlike. Ma'tronlike, a. becoming a wife or matron. Ma'tronly, a. elderly, ancient, motherly. Matro3s', s. a soldier in the artillery who assists a gunner. Mat'ter, s. body or substance ; subject ; business ; importance ; pus. Mat'ter, v. to be of importance. Mat'terless, a. void of matter. Mat'tery, «. full of matter ; generating pus. Mat'tock, s. a pickaxe, a tool to grub weeds. Mat'tres3, .s. a quilted bed to lie on. Mat'urate, v. to ripen, to bring to perfection. Matura'tion, s. the process of ripening. Mat'urative, a. ripening, digesting. Matu're, a. ripe, perfect, well digested. Matu're, v. to ripen, to bring to perfection. Matu'rely, ad. with counsel well digested. Matures'cent, a. approaching to maturity. Matu'rity, s. ripeness, completion. Mat'utin'al, a. pertaining to the morning. Maudlin, a. drunk, fuddled. Mau'gre, ad. in spite of, notwithstanding. Maul, s. a heavy wooden hammer. Maul, v. to bruise or beat soundly. Maunch, s. (in heraldry) a sleeve. Maund, s. a basket with handles. Maun'dy-Thurs'day, s. the Thursday before Good Friday. Mausole'an, a. monumental. Mausole'um, s. a pompous funereal monu- ment, a costly sepulchre. Ma'vis, s. a thrush, a singing bird. Maw, s. the stomach, the craw of birds. Mawklngly, ad. slatternly; sluttishly. Mawkish, a. apt to cause a loathing. Mawklshness, s. aptness to cause loathing. Mawlnet, s. a puppet. MaVworm, s. a worm in the stomach. Maxillary, a. pertaining to the jaw-bone. Maxim, s. a general principle, a great or leading truth : an axiom. Maximum, s. [Lat.] the greater quantity or number; opposed to miniinum. May, s. the fifth month of the year. May, v. to be permitted or at liberty. May, v. to gather flowers on May morning. May'-day, s. the first of May. MayHower, s. a flower that blows in May. MayHy, s. an insect used in fly-fishing. May'game, s. a sport, diversion, play. Maying, s. gathering May flowers. May'-lady, s. the queen of May. Mayor, s. the chief magistrate of a city. May'oralty, s. the office of a mayor. May'oress, s. the wife of a mayor. May'pole, s. a pole danced round in May. May'-weed, s. a species of camomile. Maz'ard, s. the jaw, the head. Maz'ard, v. to knock on the head. Maz'arine, ■?. a deep blue color. Maze, v. to bewilder; to be confounded. Maze, s. a labyrinth ; confusion of thought. Ma'zy, a. winding, perplexed, intricate. Me, pr. the objective case of /. Mead, s. a drink made of honey and water. Mead, Mead'ow, s. grass or pasture land. Mead'ow-sweet, s. a plant. Mead'owy, a. containing meadow. Mea'gre, a. lean, poor in flesh, hungry. Mea'gerly, ad. poorly ; barrenly. Mea'gerness, s. leanness ; barrenness. Meal, s. the flour or edible part of corn ; a portion of food taken at one time, a repast. Meali'ness, s. a mealy quality. Meal'man y s. one that deals in meal. Meal'-time, s. the usual time of eating meals. Meal'y, a. of the taste or softness of meal . Meal'ymouthcd, a. soft or bashful of speech. Mean, a. intervening, intermediate. Mean, a. of low rank, base, contemptible. Mean, s. medium ; pi. instrument of action or performance ; resources, income. Mean, v. to intend, to design, to signify. Mean'der, s. a serpentine winding, a maze. Mean'der. v. to run in a serpentine course. Mean'dering, a. winding in a course. Mean'drian, Mean'drous, a. winding ; hav- ing many turns. Meaning, s. a signification, intention. Meanly, ad. without dignity, ungenerously. Mean'ness, s. lowness of mind, sordidness. Mean'time, ad. in the intervening time. Mean'while, ad. in the intervening time. Mease, s. a measure of 500 herrings. Mea'sled, Mea'sly, a. spotted with measles ME A m MEL Mea'sles, s. an eruptive disease. Meas'urable, a. that may be measured. Meas'urableness, s. the being measurable. Meas'urably, ad. moderately. Meas'ure, v. to compute as to quantity or extent by a standard ; to allot ; to adjust. Meas'ure, 5. that by which anything is mea- sured ; proportion ; degree ; moderation ; limit ; metre ; musical time ; a dance ; pi. means to an end. Meas'urcd, a. equal ; uniform, steady. Measureless, a. immense, boundless. Measurement, s. the act of measuring. Meas'urer, s. one that measures. Meas'ures, s. ways, means, expedients. Meat, s. flesh to be eaten ; food in general. Mechan'ic, Mechanical, a. skilled in me- chanics ; pertaining to machines ; of mean occupation. Mechan'ic, s. a manufacturer, an artificer. Mechanically, ad. according to mechanics. Mechanician, s. one skilled in mechanics. Mechanics, s. the science of moving forces. Mec'hanism, s. artificial construction. Mec'hanist, s. a maker of machines. Mech'lin, s. lace made at Mechlin. Mecho'acan, s. a white jalap from Mechoacan in Mexico, a mild purgative. Meco'nium, s. expressed juice of poppies. Med'al, s. an ancient coin; apiece stamped in honor of some victory or event. Medal'lic, a. pertaining to medals. Medal'lion, s. a large medal or coin. Med'allist, s. one curious in medals. Med'dle, v. to interpose officiously ; to handle. Med'dler, s. an officious busybody. Med'dlesome, a. officious ; intermeddling. Med'dlesomeuess, .1. officiousness. Med'dling, a. officious, busy in others' affairs. Me'dia, [Lat.] pi. of Medium. Mediae'val, a. relating to the middle ages. Me'dial, a. noting a mean or average. Me'diate, v. to interpose as a friend to both parties ; to effect by mediation. Me'diate, a. intervening; acting as a means. Me'diately, ad. by a secondary cause. Media'tion, s. interposition ; intervention. Media'tor, s. an intercessor ; an adviser. Mediato'rial, a. belonging to a mediator. Media'torship, s. the office of a mediator. Me'diatory, a. mediatorial. Media'trix, 5. a female mediator. Medicable, a. that may be healed. Med'ical, a. relating to the art of healing. Med'ically, ad. medicinally. Medicament, s. any thing used in healing. Medicamen'tal, a. relating to medicine. Medicamentally, ad. in a medicinal manner. Medicaster, s. a quack. Medicate, v. to tincture with medicines. Medica'tion, s. the act of medicating. Medi"cinable, a. having the power of physic. Mcdi"cinal,rt. having the property of healing. ModC'cinally, ad. medically. Medicine, s. a remedy in physic : v. to restore or cure by means of medicine. Mcdi'ety, s. a middle state; half. Me'diocral, a. of middle quality ; indifferent. Me'diocre, a. of a middling rate ; middling. Medioc'rity, 4'. middle rate ; moderate de- gree ; moderation. Me'diocrist, 5. one qi middling abilities. Meditate, v. to think on, to contemplate ; to intend ; to plan. Medita'tion, s. deep thought, contemplation. Meditative, a. given to meditation, serious. Mediterranean, Mediterra'neous. a. encir- cled by land, as a sea. Mediterranean- Sea, s. so called from its situation, having Europe on the north, Africa on the south, and Asia on the east. Me'dium, s. a middle state or course ; the space or substance intervening ; means or instrumentality. Med'iar, s. the name of a tree and its fruit. Medley, s. a mixture, a mingled mass : a. mingled, confused. Medullar, Medullary, a. marrowy. Medul'lin, s. the pith of the sunflower. Meed, s. a reward, a recompense, a gift. Meek, a. mild of temper, gentle, soft. Meek'en, v. to make meek ; to soften. Meekly, ad. mildly, gently. Meek'ness, s. gentleness, mildness. Meer, Mere, s. a large pool, a lake. Meet, a. convenient, fit, proper. Meet, v. to come together from opposite di- rections ; to assemble ; to encounter ; to light on or find . Meeting, s. an interview ; an assembly. Meeting-house, s. a place where Dissenters assemble to worship ; a conventicle. Meetly, ad. fitly, properly. Meet'ness, s. fitness, propriety. Megathe'rium, s. (a great wild beast) a term applied to a huge quadruped, now extinct. Me'grim, ?. a disorder or pain affecting only one side of the head. Meio'sis, 5. diminution (a rhetorical figure). Mel'ancholic, a. hypochondriacal ; sad. Mel'ancholily, ad. with melancholy. Mel'ancholiness, .1. the being melancholy. Melancho'lious, s. melancholy ; gloomy. Mel'ancholist, s. a hypochondriac. Mel'ancholize, v. to become melancholy. Mel'ancholy, s. a gloomy state of mind ; sad- ness, pensiveness. Melan'ge, s. [Fr.] a mixture. Meli"cerous, «. having matter like honey. Meliorate, v. to make better, to improve. Melioration, s. an improvement. Meliorlty, s. the state of being better. Mell, v. to mix ; to meddle. Melliferous, Melliflc, a. producing honey. Mellification, s. the making of honey. Mellifluence, *. a flow of sweetness. Mellifluent, Mellifluous, a. flowing as with honey ; flowing with sweetness. Mellite, s. the mineral honey-stone. Mellitlc, a. pertaining to honey-stone. Mellow, a. soft with ripeness ; soft to the taste ; soft in sound ; soft with liquor, drunk. Mellow, v. to ripen ; to soften. Mellowness, s. ripeness, maturity. Mellowy, a. soft, unctuous. Melo'dious, a. full of melody, sweet to lin- ear, musical. Melo'diously, ad. sweetly to the ear. Mclo'diousncss, s. sweetness of sound. Mel'odize, v. to tune to melody. Melodramatic, a. of the nature or character of a meloilrame. I 2 MEL 172 MEK Mel'odrame, s. a dramatic performance, in which music and singing are intermixed. Mel'ody, s. sweetness of sound, an agreeable succession of musical sounds. Mel'on, s. a plant and its fruit. Mel'rose, s. honey of roses. Melt, v. to make or become liquid, to dis- solve ; to soften ; to waste away. Melt'er, s. one that melts metals, &c. Melt'ing, a. softening, relaxing. Melt'ing, s. the act of softening. Melt'ingly, ad. in a melting manner. Melt'ingness, s. disposition to melt. Mem'ber, s. a limb, a part, a clause ; one of a community. Mern'bered. a. having limbs. Mem'bership, s. community, society, union. Mem'brane, s. a thin skin formed by fibres interwoven. Mcmbra'neous, Membranaceous, Mem'bra- nous, a. consisting of membranes. Memen'to, s. a memorial, a hint for the memory, (literally, " be mindful.") Mem'oit, s. an account written from me- mory, or as recollected ; a narrative. Mem'orabie, a. worthy of remembrance. Mem'orably, ad. in a memorable manner. Memoran'dum, s. note to help memory. Memoran'dum-book, s. a book in which en- tries are made to assist the memory. Memo'rial, s. a monument ; something to preserve memory ; an address reminding of services and soliciting a reward. Memo'rial, a. contained in memory. Memorialist, s. one who writes a memorial. Mem'orize, v. to cause to be remembered. Mem'ory, 5. the power of retaining or recol- lecting things past; that faculty by which we call to mind past transactions. Men, s. pi. of Man. Men 'ace, v. to threaten : s. a threat. Men'acer, *. one who threatens. Men'acing, s. the act of threatening. Men'age, s. a menagerie. Mena"gerie, s. a collection of foreign ani- mals ; the place for keeping them. Mend, v. to repair, to correct, to improve. Mend'able, a. capable of being mended. Menda'cious, a. false, lying. Menda"city, s. a falsehood. Mend'er, s. one who mends or improves. Men'dicancy, s. beggary, pauperism. Men'dicant, a. begging : s. a beggar. Mendi"city, s. beggary ; a poor-house. Me'nial, s. a servant : a. domestic. Men'sal, a. belonging to the table. Men'strual, a. happening once a month. Men'struous, a. menstrual, monthly. Men'struum, s. a dissolvent ; a fluid which dissolves a solid body. Mensurabil'ity, s. the being mensurable. Men'surable, a. that may be measured. Men'sural, a. relating to measure. Mensuration, .?. the art of measuring. Men'tal, a. intellectual ; in the mind. Mentally, ad. intellectually ; in the mind. Men'tion, s. notice, remark. Men'tion, v. to express in words, to name. Mento'rial, Mento'rian, a. containing advice. Men'tor, s. the preceptor of Telemachus; an adviser, an admonisher. Mephit'ic, Mephit'ical, a. foul, noxious. Mercantile, a trading, commercial. Mercenarily, ad. in a mercenary manner. Mer'cenariness, s. venality ; desire for gain. Mercenary, a. greedy of gain ; venial. Mer'cenary, s. one serving for pay ; a hireling. Mer'cer, s. one who sells silks, &c. Mer'cery, s. the trade of mercers. Merchandise, s. trade, commerce, wares. Merchandise, v. to exercise commerce. Mer'chandry, s. traffic, trade, commerce. Mer'chant, s. a dealer by wholesale. Merchantable, a. fit to be bought or sold. Mer'chantlike, a. like a merchant. Mer'chantman, s. a ship of trade. Mcr'ciful, a. compassionate, tender, kind. Mercifully, ad. tenderly, with pity. Mer'cifulness, s. quality of being merciful. Mer'ciless, a. void of mercy, pitiless. Mer'cilessly, ad. in a manner void of pity. Mer'cilessness, s. want of pity. Mer'cinariness, s. great desire of gain. Mercu'rial, a. a consisting of quicksilver : active, sprightly, light, gay. Mercu'rialist, s. one under the influence of, or resembling Mercury. Mercury, s. a heathen deity; one of the planets ; quicksilver. Mer'cy, s. clemency, pardon, mildness. Mer'cy-seat, s. the propitiatory; the cover- ing of the ark of the covenant. Mere, s. a large pool or lake. Mere, a. pure, unmixed ; nothing else. Me'rely, ad. simply, only, absolutely. Meretrf'cious, a. like a harlot ; alluring by false show ; gaudy to catch the eye. Meretri"ciously, ad. in a meretricious man- ner ; with false allurement. Meretri"ciousness, *. the arts of a harlot , allurement by gaudy show. Merge, v. to immerse, to plunge, to sink. Merid'ian. a. being on or pertaining to the meridian or mid-day ; southerly. Merid'ian, s. mid-day, noon; the line or circle supposed to be drawn through the poles, which the sun crosses at noon ; the highest point of power or glory. Merid'ional, a. southern, southerly. Merid'ionaily, ad. in a southern direction. Meri'no, s. a breed of Spanish sheep re- markable for the fineness of their wool : :\ kind of fine woollen stuff. Mer'it, s. desert, due reward ; excellence. Mer'it, v. to deserve ; to earn. Mer'itable, a. deserving of reward. Merito'rious, a. deserving of reward. Merito'riously, ad, in a deserving manner. Merito'riousness, *. the being meritorious. Merle, s. a blackbird. Mer'lin, s. a species of hawk. Mer'maid, s. a fabulous sea creature, said to resemble a woman in the upper part of the body, and a fish in the lower. Mer'man, s. the male of the mermaid. Mer'rily, ad. with gaiety, cheerfully. Mer'rimake, v. to feast ; to be jovial. Mer'riment, s. mirth, cheerfulness. Merriness, s. mirth ; merry disposition. Mer'ry, a. causing mirth, gay, jovial. Merry-an'drew, s. a buffoon, a jack-pudding. j Mer'ry-making, s. a jovial festival. MER 173 MIC M er'ry-meeting, s. a meeting for mirth. Mer'ry-thought, s. a forked bone in the breast of a fowl. Mer'sion, s. the act of dipping or plunging. Meseems', v. it seems to me. Mesenteric, a. relating to the mesentery. Mesentery, s. a membrane in the middle of the intestines around which they are convolved. Mesh, s. space between the threads of a net. Mesh, v. to catch in a net ; to ensnare. Mesh'y, a. reticulated, formed of network. Mess, s. a dish or portion of food ; a number of persons who eat together ; a hotch-potch; a confused medley ; a difficulty or scrape. Mess, v. to eat, to feed together. Mes'sage, s. an errand, advice sent. Mes'senger, s. one who carries a message. Messi'ah, s. the Saviour of the world, Christ. Messi'aliship, s. the office of the Messiah. Mes'sieurs, [Fr.] sirs, gentlemen. Mess'mate, s. one that eats with another. Mes'suage, s. a dwelling-house and adjoining tenements. Metab'asis, s. (in rhetoric) transition. Metacarpal, a. belonging to the metacarpus. Metacarp'us, s. that part of the hand be- tween the wrist and fingers. Me'tage, s. measurement. Met'al, s. a hard, opaque, malleable, and fusible mineral. Metalep'sis, s. a figure in rhetoric. Metallic, a. pertaining to metal. Metalliferous, a. producing metals. Metal'liform, a. of the form or like metals. Met'al] ine, a. impregnated with metal. Met'allist, s. a worker in metals. Met'alloid, s. the metallic base of an alkali. Met'allurgic, a. pertaining to metallurgy. Metallurgist, s. a worker in metal. Metallurgy, s. the art of working metals. Metamorph'ic, a. changing the form. Metamor'phose, v. to change into a differ- ent form or shape. Metamor'phoser, s. a changer of form. Metamor'phosis, s. a transformation. Met'aphor, s. a figure of speech by which the name and properties of one object are ascribed to another. Metaphor'ic, Metaphor'ical, a. figurative. Metaphorically, ad. figuratively. Met'aphorist, s. a maker of metaphors. Met'aphrase, s. a close or literal translation. It is opposed to Paraphrase. Met'aphrast, s. a literal translator. Metaphras'tic, a. literal in interpretation. Metaphyseal, a. relating to metaphysics. Metaphysically, ad. in a metaphysical man- ner ; with metaphysical distinction. Metaphysi"cian, s. one versed or skilled in metaphysics. Metaphys'ics,.9.thescicncewhich considers the general affections of substances abstracted from matter ; the science of mind. Metastasis, s. a translation or removal. Metatar'sus, s. the middle of the foot. Metath'esis, s. a transposition, change. Mete, s. measure, limit, boundary. Mete, v. to measure ; to apportion. Mctempsycho'sis, s. a transmigration of souls from one body to another at death. Me'teor, s. a body in the air or sky, of a lu- minous and transitory nature. Meteor'ic, a. resembling a meteor. Me'teorize, v. to ascend in evaporation. Me'teorolite, s. a meteoric stone. Meteorolo"gical, a. relating to meteors. Meteorologist, .?. a man skilled in meteors. Meteorol'ogy, s. the doctrine of meteors. Mete'orous, a. having the nature of a meteor. Me'ter, s. a measurer. Me'tewand, Me'teyard, s. a measuring staff. Metheg'lin, s. a drink made of honey, spices, water, &c., boiled together. Methinks', v. I think, it seems to me. Meth'od, s. way, manner; classification. Method'ical, a. ranged in due order, exact. Methodically, ad. according to method. Meth'odise, v. to bring into good order. Meth'odism, s. a term applied to the reli- gious opinions of a class of Dissenters. Meth'odist, s. an observer of method ; a fol- lower of Wesley and Whitfield. Methodis'tic, Methodis'tical, a. relating to the religious sect of Methodists. Methought', v. I thought. Meton'ic, a. applied to the cycle of the moon from its discoverer Meton. Metonym'ical, a. expressed figuratively. Metonym'ically, ad. not literally. Met'onymy, s. a figure in rhetoric, by which one word is put for another. Met'ope, s. a square space between triglyphs in the frieze of the Doric order. Me'tre, s. verse, harmonic measure. Met'rical, a. pertaining to metre. Met'rically, ad. according to poetic measure. Metrfcian, Me'trist, s. a writer of verses. Metropolis, s. the chief city of a country. Metropol'itan, a. belonging to a metropolis. Metrop'olite, Metropol'itan, s. an archbishop. Metropol'itic, Metropolit'ical, a. chief or principal ; denoting archiepiscopal dignity. Met'tle, s. fire, briskness, spirit, courage. Met'tled, a. sprightly, courageous. Met'tlesome, a. lively, brisk, courageous. Met'tlesomeness, s. high spiritedness. Mew, s. a cage, an enclosure ; a sea-fowl. Mew, v. to moult or change feathers ; to encage or shut up ; to cry as a cat. Mewl, v. to squall as a young child. Mewl'er, s. one who squalls or mewls. Mews, s. pi. places for hawks ; enclosures or buildings for horses. Mezzo-relie'vo, [It.] s. between alto and basso-relievo ; demi-relievo. Mezzotin'to, s. engravings which resemble the drawings in Indian-ink. Mi'asm, Mias'ma, s. particles or atoms sup- posed to arise from distempered, putrefy- ing, or poisonous bodies. Miasmat'ic, a. contagious, infectious. Mi'ca, s. a kind of mineral. Mica'ceous, a. of the nature of mica. Mice, s. pi. of Mouse. Mic'haelmas, s. the feast of St. Michael. Miche, v. to skulk, to absent one's self. Mich'er, s. a lazy loiterer, a skulker. Mickle, a. much, great. Mi'crocosm, s. a little world ; man. Microcos'mical, a. pertaining to the micro- cosm or little world. MIC 174 MIM Microcous'tic, Mic'rophone, s. an instrument for hearing small sounds. Microm'eter, .?. an astronomical instrument to measure small spaces. Mi croscope, s. an optical instrument, by ■which the smallest objects are discerned. Microscopic, Microscop'ical, a. assisted by or resembling a microscope. Microscopically, ad. with minute inspection. Microscop'ist, s. one skilled in microscopy. Mi'croscopy, s. the art by which small ob- jects are made to apjsear large. Micturi'tion, s. the act of passing the urine. Mid. Midst, a. between two; equally distant. Mid'-age, s. the middle of life. Mid'-day, a. being at noon ; meridional. Mid'-day, s. noon, meridian. Mid'dle, s. the part equally distant from tho two extremities. Mid'dle, a. equally distant from the two extremes ; intermediate. Mid'dle-aged, a. about the middle of life. Mid'dlemost, Mid'most, a. in the midst. Mid'dling, a. of middling rank ; moderate. Mid'dlingly, ad. passably ; indifferently. Midge, s. a gnat, a very small insect. Mid-heav'en, s. tho middle of the sky. Midland, a. surrounded by land. Mid'leg, s. the middle of the leg. Mid'lent, s. the middle of Lent. Mid'night, s. twelve o'clock at night. Mid'riff, s. the diaphragm ; the muscle which separates the thorax from the ab- domen. Mid'ship, a. being or belonging to the mid- dle of a ship. Mid'shipman, s. a naval officer next in rank to a lieutenant. Mid'stream, s. the middle of the stream. Mid'summer, s. the summer solstice. Mid'way, s. the part of the way equally dis- tant from the beginning and end : a. being in the middle or midway : ad. in the middle of the passage. Mid'wife, s. a female accoucheur. Mid'wifery, s. the act of delivering women. Mid'wintcr, s. the winter solstice. Mien, s. air, look, manner, appearance. Miff, s. a slight degree of resentment. Might, past tense of May : s. power, force. Mi'ghtily, ad. powerfully, efficaciously. Mi'ghtiness, s. power, height of dignity. Mi'ghty, a. powerful : ad. in a great degree. Mignonett'e, s. a sweet-smelling flower. Mi'grate, v. to remove, to change residence. Migra'tion, s. the act of removing. Mi'gratory, a. disposed to migrate, roving. Milch, a. giving or yielding milk. Mild, a. kind, gentle, soft, easy, tender. Mil'dew, s. a clammy sweet juice or dew which injures and destroys plants ; spots on cloth or paper caused by moisture. Mil'dew, v. to taint or infect with mildew. Mil'dewed, a. damaged with mildew. Mi'ldly, ad. tenderly, gently. Mi'ldness, v. gentleness, clemency. Mile, s. a land measure of 1,760 yards. Mi'leage, s. an allowance by the mile. Mi'lestone, s. a stone set to mark the miles. Mil'foil, s. an herb with many leaves. Miliary, a. small, like millet seeds. Mil'itant, a. fighting, engaged in warfare. Mil'itancy, s. warfare. Militarily, ad. in a soldierly manner. Mil'itary, s. the soldiery ; the army. Military, a. warlike, suiting a soldier. Mil'itate, v. to differ from, to oppose. Militia, s. a national force ; trainbands. Milk, s. the liquor with which females foed their young from the breast or teats. Milk, v. to draw milk from a cow, &c. Milk'en, a. consisting of milk. Milk'er, s. one that milks animals. Milk'-fever, s. a fever incident to childbirth. Milk'iness, s. softness like that of milk. Milk'livered, a. cowardly ; timorous. Milk'maid, s. a woman employed in the dairy, a dairy-maid. Milk'man, s. a man who sells milk. Milk'pail, s. a vessel for receiving milk. Milk'pan, s. a vessel for keeping milk. Milk'-porridge, Milk'pottage, s. milk boiled with meal or fiour. Milk'score, 5. the reckoning of milk supplied. Milk'sop, s. a soft feeble-minded man. Milk'-thistle, s. a kind of thistle. Milk'-tooth, s. the fore tooth of a foal. Milk'-trefoil, s. a plant, the cytisus. Milk'white, a. white as milk. Milk'woman, s. a woman who sells milk. Milk'wort, s. a plant, spurge. Milk'y, a. yielding milk ; soft, gentle. Milk'y-way', s. the galaxy. Mill, s. a machine for grinding corn, &c. Mill, v. to grind, to stamp coin. Mill'cog, s. a tooth of a mill-wheel. Mill'-dam, s. the mound by which the water is ( Jlected for turning a mill. Millena'rian, s. one who holds the doctrine of, or expects, the Millennium. Millenary, a. consisting of a thousand: s. the space of one thousand years. Millenist, s. amillenarian. Millen'nial, a. pertaining to the Millennium. Millennium, s. the space of athousand years, during which some imagine Christ will reign on earth after the resurrection. Mil'leped, s. a wood louse ; an insect. Millepore, .?. a genus of porous lithophytes. Miller, s. one who attends mills. Mil'ler's-thumb, s. a small iish. Millesimal, a. thousandth. Millet, .?. a plant ; the grain of the plant. Mill'horse, s. a horse that turns a mill. Mil'liary, a. pertaining to a mile. Milliner, s. one who sells ribands, bonnets, caps, &.c., for females. Millinery, s. goods sold by a milliner. Million, $, ten hundred thousand. Millionary, a. pertaining to millions. Mil'lioned, a. multiplied by millions. Millionth, a. the ten hundredth thousand. Mill'pond, s. a bed of water near a mill. Mill'race, s. the water that drives a mill. Milree', Milrea', .?. a Portuguese coin. Mill'stone, s. a stone for grinding corn. Milt, s. the sperm of fishes ; the spleen. Milt, v. to impregnate the row or spawn. Mil'ter, s. the male of fishes. Mime, *. a buffoon ; a farce. Mime, v. to play the mime or buffoon. Mi'mer, s. one who mimics, a mimo. MIM 175 MIR Mime'sis, s. imitation of A^oice or gesture. Mimetic, Mimet'ical, a. imitative ; acting like a mime or mimic. Mim'ic, s. a ludicrous imitator of the ges- tures or voice of others ; a buffoon. Mim'ic, Mimical, a. apish ; imitative. Mimic, v. to imitate as a buffoon. Mimlcally, ad. in a mimical manner. Mimicry, s. a burlesque imitation. Mimo'sa, s. the sensitive plant. Mi'na, s. a weight or denomination of money. Mina'cious, a. full of threats. Mina"city, s. a disposition to use threats. Min'aret, s. a small spire or turret. Min'atory, a. threatening, denouncing. Mince, v. to cut into very small parts ; to speak small or affectedly ; to walk by short and light steps. Min'ce-pie, s. a pie made of meat chopped up and mixed with other ingredients. Min'cingly, ad. in small parts, not fully. Mind, s. the intellectual faculty, the under- standing ; thoughts ; intentions ; inclina- tions ; opinion ; memory. Mind, v. to mark, to attend, to remind. Mi'nded, a. inclined, affected, disposed. Mi'ndedness, s. disposition ; inclination. Mi'ndful, a. regardful, attentive. Mi'ndfully, ad. attentively ; needfully. Mindfulness, s. attention, watchfulness. Mi'ndless, a. regardless, inattentive. Mine, pr. poss. belonging to me, Mine, s. a place whore minerals are dug ; a cavern under a fortification filled with gunpowder : v. to sap or ruin by mines. Milier, s. one that digs for metals. Min'eral, s. matter dug out of mines. Min'eral, a. pertaining to minerals. Min'eralist, s. one skilled in minerals. Mineraliza'tion, s. the act or natural process of mineralizing. Min'eralize, v. to convert into a mineral; to impregnate with a mineral. Min'eralized, a. holding some mineral in so- lution ; combined with some other metal. Min'eralizer, s. a substance which mineral- izes another, as sulphur. Mineralo'gical, a. pertaining to mineralogy. Mineral'ogist, s. one skilled in mineralogy. Mineral'ogy, s. the science or study of min- erals or inorganic substances. Min'gle, v. to mix, to compound, to unite. Min'gle, s. a mixture, a confused mass. Min'gler, s. one that mingles. Minlard, Mig'niard, a. soft, dainty. Minlardize, v. to render soft or dainty. Miniate, v. to paint or tinge with vermillion. Miniature, s. a painting in water colors ; a small picture. Minlkiu, a. small, diminutive: s. a small pin ; a little favorite. Minim, s. a dwarf; a note in music. Minimum, .v. [Lat.] the smallest quantity possible , the opposite of maximum. Min'imus, s. a being of the smallest size. Minion, a. small, delicate; trim, dainty. Minion, j. a favorite ; a low dependent; a small kind of printing type. Min'ish, v. to lessen, to diminish. Minister, s. an officer of state : one that serves at the altar; a delegate ; an asjen Minister, v. to attend on, to serve ; to supply. Ministerial, a. pertaining to a minister of the church or state ; attendant ; acting at command, or under authority. Ministe'rially, ad. in a ministerial manner. Minlstrant, a. attendant ; actingat command. Ministra'tion, s. agency, service, office. M mistress, s. a female that ministers. Ministry, s. office ; service ; administration ; agency; ecclesiastical functions; the body of ministers of state. Minium, s. the red oxide of lead. Mink, s. a kind of water-rat in America. Min'now, s. a very small fish, the pimk. Mi'nor, a. less, smaller, inconsiderable. Mi'nor, s. one not of age ; in logic, the se- cond proposition in the syllogism. Minority, s. nonage ; state of being under age ; the smaller number. Miu'otaur, s. a fabulous monster said to be half a man and half a bull. Min'orite, s. a Franciscan friar. Min'ster, s. a cathedral church, a monastery ; an ecclesiastical fraternity. Min'strel, s. a musician ; a singer. Min'strelsy, s. music ; a band of musicians. Mint, s. a place for coining ; a plant. Mint, v. to coin ; to stamp money. Mint'age, s. the duty paid, for coining, Mint'er, s. a coiner; an inventor. Mint'master, s. one who presides in coinage. Min'uet, s. a slow, stately dance. Minu'te, a. small, little, slender, trifiing. Min'ute, s. the sixtieth part of an hour ; a brief note or entry. Min'ute, v. to set down in short notes. Min'ute-book, s. a book of short notes. Min'ute-glass, s. a glass of which the sand by running out measures a minute. Min'utc-gun, s. a gun fired every minute. Min'ute-hand, s. the hand that points to the minutes of a clock or watch. Min'utely, a. happening every minute : ad. every minute ; with little time intervening. Minu'tely, ad. exactly, precisely. Minu'teness, s. smalmess; inconsiderable- ness ; precision. Min'ute-watch, s. a watch marking or point- ing out the minutes. Minu'tiee, s. the smallest particulars. Minx, s. a young pert wanton girl. Mi'ny, a. full of mines ; subterraneous. Mir'acle, s. a wonder ; an event or effect above human power. Mir'acle-monger, s. an impostor. Mirac'ulous, a. done by miracle. Mirac'ulously, ad. by miracle ; wonderfully. Mirac'ulousness, s. the being miraculous. Mirado'r, s. a balcony, a gallery, Mira'ge, s. an optical illusion, by which objects on the earth or water appear to be raised into the air. Mire, s. mud, dirt, filth ; an ant, a pismire. Mire, v. to whelm in the mud. Mirifloal, a. done in a wonderful manner. Mi'riness, S. dirtiness ; fulness of mire. Mir'ror, s. looking-glass ; a pattern. Mir'ror-stone, s. a clear transparent stono. Mirth, s. jollity, merriment, laughter. Mirth'ful, a. gay, cheerful, merry. Mirth/fully, ad. in a merry manner. MIR 176 MIS Mirthless, a. joyless, cheerless. Mi'ry, a. deep in mud, muddy, filthy. Misaceepta'tion, s. the act of taking in a wrong sense. Misadven'ture, s. mischance, had fortune. Misadven'tured, a. unfortunate, Misadvi'se, v. to give bad counsel. Misadvi'sed, a. ill counselled, ill directed. Misaffect', v. to dislike ; not to be fond of. Misaffect'ed, a. ill affected ; ill Misaffirm', v. to state incorrectly Misaim'ed, a. not aimed rightly. Misallega'tion, s. a false statement. Misalle'ge, v. to cite falsely as a proof. Misalli'ance, s. improper association. Misallied', a. ill associated. Mis'anthrope, s. a hater of mankind. Misanthrop'ic, Misanthropical, a. hating or disliking mankind. Misan'thropist, s. a misanthrope. Misan'thropy, s. the hatred of mankind. Misapplication, s. a wrong application. Misapply', v. to apply to wrong purposes. Misapprehend', v. not to understand rightly, to misunderstand, to mistake. Misapprehension, s. a wrong apprehension. MisaTran'ge, v. to place improperly. Misascri'be, v. to ascribe falsely. Misassi'gn, v. to assign erroneously. Misattend', zf.to disregard. Misbecom'e, v. not to become, not to suit. Misbecom'ing, p. and a. indecent, unseemly. Misbecom'ingness, s. unbecomingness. Misbegot'ten, p. and a. unlawfully begotten. Misbeha've, v. to act improperly or ill. Misbeha'ved, a. untaught ; ill-bred ; uncivil. Misbeha'viour, s. ill conduct; bad practice. Misbelief, s. a wrong faith or belief. Misbelie've, v. to believe wrongly. Misbelie'ver, s. one that holds a false re- ligion, an infidel. Misbeliev'ing, a. believing erroneously. Misbeseem', v. to suit ill ; not to become. Misbestow', v. to bestow improperly. Mis'born, a. born to misfortune ; unlucky. Miscall', v. to call by a wrong name. Miscalculate, v. to reckon wrong. Miscalculation, s. a wrong computation. Miscar'riage, s. abortion ; ill success. Miscar'ry. v. to have an abortion ; to fail. Miscast', 5. an erroneous reckoning. Miscast', v. to cast or reckon erroneously. Miscellana'rian, a. belonging to miscellanies : s. a writer of miscellanies. Miscellaneous, a. composed of various kinds ; mixed without order. Miscella'neousness, s. the state of being mingled ; composition of various kinds. Mis'cellany, s. a mass or mixture formed of various kinds : a. variously composed. Misehan'ce, s. ill luck, ill fortune. Mischar'ge, s. an erroneous charge. Mischar'ge, v. to mistake in charging, Mis'chief, s. harm, hurt, injury. Mis'chief, v. to hurt ; to harm ; to injure. Mis'chiefmaker, s. one who causes mischief, i. is'chiefmaking, a. causing harm. Mischievous, a. hurtful, malicious. Mis'chievously, ad. hurtfully; wickedly. M is'chievousness, s. perniciousness. Mischoos'e, v. to choose wrongly. Miscibil'ity, s. capability of being mixed. Mis'cibJe, a. possible to be mingled. Miscita'tion, s. a false or unfair quotation. Misci'te, v. to cite wrongly. Misclaim', s. a mistaken or improper claim. Miscomputa'tion, s. false reckoning. Miscompu'te, v. to compute erroneously. Misconceit', s. an erroneous notion. Misconce'ive, v. to have a false notion of. Misconcep'tion, s. a false opinion. Miscon'duct, s. wrong conduct, ill behaviour; ill management. Misconduct', v. to manage amiss. Misconjec'ture, s. a Avrong guess or conjec- ture : v. to make a wrong guess. Misconstruc'tion, s. a wrong interpretation. Miscon'strue, v. to interpret wrongly. Miscon'struer, s. one who interprets wrongly. Miscorrect', v. to correct erroneously. Miscoun'sel, v. to advise wrongly. Miscount', v. to reckon wrongly. Mis'creance, Mis'creancy, s. unbelief of the truth, false faith. Mis'creant, s. an infidel, a vile wretch. Miscrea'te, Miscrea'ted, a. formed unnatu- rally, deformed, ill shapen. Misda'te, v. to date erroneously. Misdeed', s. an evil deed or action. Misdeem', v. to judge ill of ; to mistake. Misdemean', v. to behave ill. Misdemean'our, s. ill behaviour, an offence. Misderi've, v. to derive improperly. Misdevo'tion, s. mistaken piety. Misdirect', v. to lead or guide amiss. Misdisposi"tion, s. inclination to evil. Misdistin'guish, v. to make wrong or im- proper distinctions. Misdo', v. to do wrong ; to commit crimes. Misdo'er, s. an offender ; a criminal. Misdo'ing, s. offence ; deviation from right. Misdoubt', v. to suspect : *. suspicion. Misdoubt'ful, a. misgiving. Misemploy', v. to employ amiss. Misemploy'ment, s. improper application. Misen'try, s. a wrong entry. Mi'ser, s. a wretch, one covetous to excess. Mis'erable, a. unhappy, wretched ; worthless. Mis'erableness, 5. state of being miserable. Mis'erably, ad. unhappily, meanly. Mi'serly, a. avaricious in the extreme. Mis'ery, s. wretchedness, calamity ; avarice. Misestimate, v. to estimate erroneously. Misfall', v. to befall unluckily. Misfa're, s. ill stale; misfortune. Misfash'ion, v. to form wrong. Misform', v. to form badly. Misfor'tune, s. ill-fortune; calamity. Misgiv'e. v. to fill with doubt :. to give amiss. Misgiv'ing, s. doubt; distrust. Misgot'ten, a. unjustly obtained. I Misgov'om, v. to govern ill. i Misgov'ernance, s. wrong governance. | Misgov 7 ernment, 5. bad government. Misground', v. to found erroneously. I Misgui'dance, s. false direction. Misgui'de, v. to direct ill ; to lead astray. Mishap', s. a mischance, ill luck. Mishap'pen, v. to happen ill. Mishear', v. to hear imperfectly. Mish'na, Misch'na, s. a collection of Jewish traditions, and explanations of Scripture. MIS 177 MIS Misimprov'ement, s. ill use or improvement. Misinfer', v. to infer wrongly. Misinform', v. to give a false account. Misinformation, j. false intelligence. Misinform'er, s. one who misinforms. Misinstruct', v. to instruct improperly. Misinstruc'tion, s. wrong instruction. Misintel'iigence, s. wrong information. Misinterpret, v. to interpret wrongly. Misinterpreta'tion, s. wrong explanation. Misinterpreted, a. wrongly interpreted. Misinter'preter, s. one who misinterprets. Misjoin', v. to join unfitly or improperly. Misjud'ge, v. to judge wrongly. Misjudgement, s. wrong or unjust judgment. Miskin'dle, v. to inflame to a bad purpose. Mislay', v. to lay in a wrong place. Mislay 'er, s. one that mislays. Mis'lo, Mis'tlc, Miz'zle, v. to rain in imper- ceptible drops like mist. Mislead', v. to guide in a wrong way. Mislead'er, s. one that leads to ill. Misli'ke, 5. dislike; disapprobation. Misli'ke, v. to disapprove, not to like. Misli'ker, s. one that dislikes. Misliv'e, v. to lead a vicious life. Misluck', s. bad luck ; misfortune. Mis'ly, Mist'ly, Miz'zly, a. raining in very fine drops like mist. Misman'age, v. to manage ill, to misapply. Misman'ager, s. one that manages ill. Mismanagement, s. ill management. Misma'rk, v. to mark erroneously. Mismatch', v. to match unsuitably. Misna'me, v. to call by a wrong name. Misno'mer, s. a wrong name. Misobser've, v. not to observe accurately. Misog'amist, 5. a marriage hater. Miso"gynist, s. a woman hater. Misopin'ion, s. an erroneous opinion. Misor'der, v. to order or manage ill. Mis'order, s. disorder, irregularity. Misor'derly, a. irregular, disorderly. Mispersuade', v. to bring to a wrong notion. Mispersua'sion, s. a wrong or false notion. Mispla'ce, v. to put in a wrong place. Mispleading, s. a mistake in pleading. Mispoint', v. to point or divide wrong. Mispol'icy, s. wrong or bad policy. Misprint', s. an error of the press. Misprint', v. to print wrong. Mispri'sc, v. to mistake, to slight, to scorn. Mispris'ion, s. mistake ; neglect or oversight; scorn. Misprision of treason is the con- cealment of known treason. Misprocecd'ing, 5. an irregular proceeding. Misprofess', v. to profess amiss. Mispronoun'ce, v. to pronounce improperly. Mispronunciation, s. wrong pronunciation. Mispropo'rtion, v. to join without symmetry. Misproud', a. viciously proud. Misquota'tion, &'. an erroneous quotation. Misquo'te, v. to quote erroneously. Misra'tc, v. to make a false estimate of. Misreci'tal, s. a wrong recital. Misreci'tc, v. to recite or repeat wrong. Misrcck'on, v. to compute erroneously. Misrela'te, v. to relate inaccurately. Misrela'tion, s. false or inaccurate nai-rative. Misrcmcm'bcr, v. to remember wrongly. Misrepo'rt, s a false account. Misrepo'rt, v. to give a false account of. Misrepresent', v. to represent falsely. Misrepresenta'tion, s. a false account. Misrepresent'er, s. one who represents falsely. Misrepu'ted, a. erroneously reputed. Misru'le, s. tumult, disorder. Miss, s. error, failure, loss, harm. Miss, v. not to hit ; to mistake, fail, omit. Miss, s. a young mistress, a young lady. Mis'sal, s, a ritual or prayer-book. Missem'blancc, s. false resemblance. Misser've, v. to serve unfaithfully. Missha'pe, v. to shape ill, to deform. Mis'sile, a. thrown by the hand. Mis'sile, s. a weapon thrown by the hand. Mis'sion, s. a commission ; persons sent. Missionary, a. pertaining to missions. Mis'sionary, s. one sent to preach the gospel, and propagate religion. Mis'sive, a. such as may be sent ; capable of being conveyed : s. a letter sent. Misspeak', v. to speak incorrectly. Misspell', v. to spell wrongly. Misspelling, s. incorrect spelling. Misspend', v. to spend amiss ; to wasre. Misspend'er, s. one who misspends. Missta'te, v. to state wrongly or falsely. Misstate'ment, s. a wrong statement. Mist, s. a low thin cloud ; a tog ; dimness. Mista'kable, a. that may be mistaken. Mista'ke, v. to conceive wrongly ; to err. Mista'ke, s. an error ; misconception. Mista'ken, p. and a. misunderstood; wrong. Mista'kenly, ad. in a mistaken sense. Mista'ker, s. one who mistakes. Mistcach', v. to teach wrongly. Mistell', v. to tell erroneously. Mistem'per, v. to temper ill. Mis'ter, s. a title of address to men ( Mr. I Misterm', v. to term erroneously. Mist'ful, a. clouded as with a mist. Mist'ily, ad. darkly ; obscurely. Misti'me, v . to time wrong. Mist'iness, s. cloudiness, dimness. Mis'tion, s. the state of being mingled. Misti'tle, v. to call by a wrong title. Misthink', v. to think ill ; to think wrong. Mis'tletoe, s. a plant or shrub that grows on trees, as on the oak. It was held sacred by the Druids. Mist'like, a. resembling mist. Mistransla'te, v. to translate incorrectly Mistranslation, .?. an incorrect translation. Mis'tress, s. the female head of a family : a female teacher ; a title of address to mar- ried or elderly women (Mrs.) Mis'tress-ship, s. female rule or dominion. Mistrust', s. diffidence, suspicion. Mistrust', v. to suspect ; to doubt. Mistrust'ful, a. suspicious, doubting. Mistrust'fully, ad. with mistrust or doubt- Mistrustfulness, s. diffidence ; doubt. Mistrust'ingly, ad. with mistrust. Mistrust'lcss, a. confident, not suspecting. Mistu'ne, v. to put out of tune. Mist'y, a. clouded, obscure, not plain. Misunderstand', v. to take in a wrong sense Misunderstanding, s. a misconception ; a mistake of meaning ; a difference. Misu'sage, s. bad treatment ; abuse. Misu'se, s. wrong use, ill treatment. I 3 MIS 178 MOL Misu'se, v. to treat or use improperly. Miswri'te, v. to write incorrectly. Mite. s. a small insect ; a small coin. Mith'ridate, s. a medicine against poison, named from Mithridal.es king of Pontus. Mitlgable, a. capable of mitigation. Mit'igant, a. lenient, lenitive. Mitigate, v. to alleviate, to assuage. Mitigation, s. alleviation ; abatement. Mit/igative, a. having power to alleviate. Mit/igator, s. one who mitigates. Mit'igatory, a. softening, assuasive. Mi'tru, s. a kind of episcopal crown. Mi'trcd, a. adorned with a mitre. Mittens, s. pi. gloves without fingers. Mit'tent, a. sending forth, emitting. Mit'timus, [Lat.] 5. a warrant by which a justice of peace sends an offender to prison. Mi'ty, a. swarming with mites. Mix, v. to mingle, to blend, to unite. Mix'en, s. a dunghill, a laystall. Mixtilin'ear, a. consisting of a line or lines, part straight and part curved. Mix'tion, s. the act of mixing ; a mixture. Mix'ture, s. act of mixing; things mixed. Miz'cn, s. the mast in the stern of a ship. Miz'zle, v. See Mis'le. Mnemon'ic, Mnemon'ical, a. assisting or aiding the memory. Mnemoni"cian, s. one skilled in mnemonics. Mnemonics, s. the science of the means by which the memory may be assisted. Moan, s. an audible expression of sorrow. Moan, v. to grieve, to deplore, to bewail. Moan'ful, a. lamentable; expressing sorrow. Moan'ful] y, ad. with lamentation. Moat, s. deep ditch or canal round a fort or castle : v. to surround with a moat. Mob, s. the populace, the rabble, a crowd. Mob, v. to scold vulgarly, to set the mob against, to riot. Mob'bish, a. like a mob ; tumultuous. Mob'bled, a. with the head Avrapped up as in a hood. Mob-cap, s. a plain head-dress or hood. Mob'ile, s. the mob ; the populace. Mob'ile, a. movable, restless, fickle. Mobility, s. the populace ; fickleness. Moc'cason, s. a shoe worn by the Indians. Mock, a. false, counterfeit, not real. Mock, s. mimicry, ridicule; act of contempt. Mock, v. to mimic, to ridicule, to tantalize. Moek'able, a. exposed to mockery. Mock'er, s. one who mocks; a scoffer. Mock'ery, s. ridicule, scorn, vain show. Mock'ing, s. contemptuous imitation. Mocking-bird, s. an American bird, which imitates the notes of other birds. Mockingly, ad. by way of derision. Mock'-Jead, Moek'-orc, s. a sulphuret of zinc. Mo'dal. a. relating to the form or mode. Modality, s. difference in mode or form. Mode, 5. manner, method; fashion, form, state, degree. Mod'el, s. a pattern, an example, a copy. Mod'el, v. to mould, to shape, to plan. Mod'oller, s. one who models ; a designer. Mod'erate, a. temperate, mild, sober. Mod'eiate, v. to regulate, to make moderate. Mod 'era rely, ad. temperately, mildly. Moderateness, s. state of being moderate. Modera'tion, s. restraint within due bounds; forbearance; temperance; frugality. Modera'tor, v. one who presides. Modera'torship, s. the office of a moderator. Modern, a. late, recent, not ancient. Mod'ernism, s. modern practice or idiom. Mod'ernize, v. to render modern, to adapt to modern habits or tastes. Mod'ernly, ad in modern times. Mod'erns, s. pi. persons of late times. Mod'est, a. diffident ; chaste ; not forward. Mod'estly, ad. not arrogantly; chastely. Mod'esty, s. diffidence : chastity. Mod'icum, s. a small portion, a pittance. Modifiable, a. that may be modified. Modification, s. the act of modifying. Modifier, s. he or that which modifies. Modify, v . to qualify, to vary ; to soften. Modillion. s. a bracket set under the cornice of the Corinthian and Composite orders. Mo'dish, a. fashionable, tasty, gay. Mo'dishly, ad. fashionably. Mo'dishness, s. affectation of the fashion. Mod'ulate, v. to form sounds to a certain key, or to certain notes. Modula'tion, *. an agreeable harmony. Mod'ulator, *. one that modulates. Mod'ule, s. a model or representation. Mo'dus, s. a compensation in lieu of tithes. Mogul', s. formerly the title of the emperor of Hindostan. Mo'hair, s. the hair of a kind of goat ; a thread or stuff made of hair. MoTiair-shell, s. a peculiar species of voluta. Moham'medan. s. See Mahometan. Moliawk, Mo'hoc, s. a name transferred from a barbarous tribe of Indians to certain ruffians who formerly infested the streets of London. Moi'dore, s. a Portuguese coin, value £1 7s. Moi'ety, s. half, one of two equal parts. Moil, v. to daub with dirt, to drudge, to toil. Moist, a. sot dry, wet, damp, juicy. Moist'en, v. to make moist, to damp, to wet. Moist'enpr, s. that which moistens. Moist'ness, s. dampness, wottishness. Moist'ure, s. a moderate degree of wetness. Molar, a. having power to grind ; grinding. Mole, s. a natural spot ; an animal. Mo'lecast. s. a hillock east up by a mole. Mo'leeatcher, s. one who catches moles. Mol'eeule, s. a minute particle. Mole-eyed. a. having very small eyes. Molehill, s. a hillock made by a mole. Molest', v. to disturb, to vex, to disquiet. Molcsta'tion, *. disturbance, vexation. Molest'er, s. one who molests. Molest'ful, a. vexatious; troublesome. Molewarp, Mould'warp, s. a mole. Mollient, a. softening, assuasive. Mol'lifiable, a. that may be softened. Mollifica'tion, s. the act of mollifying. Mollifier, s. that which softens. Mollify, v. to soften, to assuage, to pacify. Mollus'ea, s. a term applied to an order of animals with soft bodies, or that have no bones ; as snails, cockles, &c. Mollus'can, Mollus'cous, a. of the nature of, or closely resembling mollusca. Molos'ses, Molas'ses, s. treacle ; the spume or scum of the juice of the sugar-caue. MOL 179 MOO Mo'lten, a. melted, formed by melting. Moly, v. a kind of wild garlic. Mome, s. a dull silent person. Mo'ment, s. the smallest perceptible move- ment of time, an instant ; force ; weight ; importance ; value. Mo'mentarily, ad. every moment. Momentary, a. lasting but a moment. Momen'tous, a. important, weighty. Momen'tum, s. impetus, or the force or quantity of motion of a moving body. Mon'achal, a. monastic, monkish. Mon'achism, s. a monastic life. Mon'ad, s. an atom, an indivisible particle. Monad'ical, a. pertaining to monads. Monan'dria, s. a class of plants distinguished by having one stamen. Mon'arch, s. a sovereign, an emperor, a king. Monarchal, a. pertaining to a monarch ; suiting a monarch, regal. Mon'arehess, s. a female monarch. Monar'chial, a. vested in a single ruler. Monar'chic, Monarchical, a. vested in a single ruler ; pertaining to monarchy. Mon'archize, v. to rule over as a monarch. Monarchist, s. an advocate for monarchy. Mon'archy, s. the government of a single person ; a kingdom ; an empire. Monaste'rial, a. relating to a monastery. Mon'astery, s. a convent for monks. Monas'tic, a. pertaining to a monastery. Monas'tic, s. a monk, a religious recluse. Monas'ticism, s. monastic life. Monas'tically, ad. in a monkish manner. Mon'day, s. the second day of the week. Monde, [Fr.] s. the world; a circle of peo- ple who know and visit each other, as, " the beau monde." Mon'etary, a. relating to money. Mon'ey, s. stamped or coined metal ; coin. Mon'eybroker, s. a money-changer. Mon'ey-changer, s. a dealer in money. Mon'eyed, a. rich in money, wealthy. Mon'ey-lcnder, s. one who lends money. Mon'eyless, a. destitute of money, poor. Mon'ey-scrivener, s. amoney agent or broker. Mon'ey's-worth, s. something worth its price. Mon'ger, s. a trader, a dealer, a seller. Mon'grcl, s. an animal of a mixed breed, particularly a dog : a. of a mixed breed. Mon'ied. See Moneyed. Mon'ish, v. to admonish, to warn. Mon'isher, s. an admonisher, a monitor. Moni"tion, s. information, warning. Monito'rial, a. containing admonition; teach- ing by monitors. Mon'itive, a. conveying admonition. Monitor, s. one who warns of faults ; an adviser ; a boy appointed to teach a class of his school-fellows. Monitory, a. admonishing : 5. a warning. Mon'itress, s. a female monitor. Monk, s. one who lives in a monastery. Monk'ery, s. monasticism. Mon'key, *. an ape, a baboon ; a jackanapes. Monk'hood, s. the state or office of a monk. Monk'ish. a. monastic; pertaining to monks. Monk's-hood, Monk's-head, s. a plant. Monk's-rhu'barb, s. a plant. Monocar'pous, a. bearing one single fruit. Mono"oe;os, Mono"cerot, s . the unicorn. Mon'ochord, s. an instrument of one string. Monochromat'ic, a. of only one color. Monocotyl'edon, s. a plant with only one cotyledon or seed-lobe. Monoc'ular, Monoc'ulous, a. one-eyed. Mon'odist, 5. one who writes a monody. Mon'odon, s. the sea-unicorn. Monodramat'ic, a. relating to a monodrame. Mon'odrame, s. a dramatic performance by only one person. Mon'ody, s. a poem sung by one person. Monce'cia, s. a class of plants, having the stamens and pistils distinct in each. Monoga'mia, s. a class of plants, distinguish- ed by having only single flowers. Monog'amist, J. a stickler for monogamy. Monog'amy, s . a marriage of one wife only. Mon'ogram, s. a cipher or intermixture of letters in one figure. Mon'ogrammal, a. like a monogram. Monog'raphy, s. a description by one means only, as by lines without colors. Monogyn'ia, s. a class of plants distinguished by having only one style or stigma. Mon'ologue, s. a soliloquy. Monom'achy, s . a single combat, a duel. Mon'ome, Mono'mial, s. an algebraic quan- tity with but one name. Monop'athy, s. solitary suffering or sensi- bility. Monopet'alous, a. having but one flower-leaf. Monoph'yllous, a. having but one leaf. Monop'olist, s. one who monopolizes. Monopolize, v. to engross all of a commodity or business into one's own hands. Monop'olizer, s. a monopolist. Monop'oly, s. the sole privilege of selling. Mon'optote, s. a noun of but one case. Monosper'mous, a. having only a single seed to each flower. Mon'ostich, s. a composition of one verse. Monostroph ic, a. having but one sort of stanza ; not varied in measure. Monosyllab'ic, Monosyllab'ical, a. consisting of one syllable. Monosyllable, s. a word of one syllable. Mon'otheism, s. belief in only one God. Mon'otone, Monot'ony, j. uniformity of tone; want of variety in cadence. Monot'onous, a. wanting variety in cadence. Monot'onously, ad. with one uniform tone. Mon'sieur, [Fr.] s. Sir ; Mr. ; a gentleman. Monsoon', s. a periodical wind. Mon'ster, s. something unnatural or horrible. Monstrosity, s. the state of being monstrous. Mon'strous, a. unnatural ; shocking. Mon'strously, ad. in a monstrous manner. Mon'strousness, s. great enormity. Monte'ro, s. a horseman's cap. Month, s. a space of time, four weeks. Monthly, a. happening every month. Mon'ument, s. any thing placed as a memo- rial, as a tomb, pillar, or statue. Monumen'tal, a. pertaining to a monument Monumentally, ad. in memorial. Mood, s. a term in grammar ; disposition. Moodily, ad. gloomily, angrily. Moodiness, s. sullen displeasure ; gloom. Moo'dy, a. angry, out of humor; gloomy Moon, s. the great luminary of the night Moon'beam, s. a ray of lunar light. MOO 180 MOS Moon'calf, s. a monster ; a dolt. Moon'et, s. a little moon. Moon'-eyed, a. dim-eyed, purblind. Moon'-fish, s. a fish witli a horned tail. Moon'ish, a. like the moon ; variable. Moon'less, a. not illuminated by the moon. Moon'light, s. light afforded by the moon. Moon'light, a. illuminated by the moon. Moon'shine, s. the lustre of the moon. Moon'shiny, a. enlightened by the moon. Moon'stone, s. a kind of stone ; selenites. Moon'struck, a. lunatic. Moon-tre'foil, s. a plant. Moon'wort, s. a plant, satin-flower. Moon'y, a. like the moon, lunated. Moor, s. a native of Morocco. Moor, s. a marsh, a fen, a bog ; a waste. Moor, v. to fasten a ship by anchors, &c. Moor'cock, s. a bird found in moors. Moor'game, s. red game ; grouse. Moor'hen. s. the female of the moorcock. Moor'ing, s. a place where a ship anchors. Moor'ish, a. of or belonging to the Moors. Moor'ish, Moory, a. marshy, fenny. Moor'land, s. a marsh, watery ground. Moor'stone, s. a species of granite. Moose, s. a large American deer. Moot, v. to discuss, to raise a question. Moot-case or point, s. a disputable point. Moot'er, s. a disputer of a mooted case. Moot-hall', Moot-hou'se, s. a town-hall. Mop, s. a utensil to clean floors, &c. Mop, v. to rub or clean with a mop. Mope, v. to be spiritless or dull. Mope, s. a spiritless or stupid person. Mo'pe-eyed, a. short-sighted; purblind. Mo'pish, a. spiritless ; dejected ; dull. Mo'pishness, s. dejection ; inactivity. Mop'pet, Mop'sey, s. a puppet, a doll. Mor'al, a. relating to morality or morals ; virtuous, just : s. the morality or instruc- tion conveyed by a fable, &c. Mor'alist, s. one who practises morality. Moral'ity, s. doctrine of the duties of life. Moraliza tion, 5. explanation in a moral sense. Mor'alize, v. to write, &c.,'on moral subjects. Mor'alizer, s. one who moralizes. Mor'ally, ad. in a moral manner ; in the customary course of things ; probably. Mor'als, s. the practice of moral duties. Morass', s. a fen, a bog, a moor, a swamp. Moras'sy, a. marshy, fenny, moorish. Mora'vian, s. one of a religious sect called United Brethren. Mora'vian, a. of or belonging to Moravia ; pertaining to the sect called Moravians. Mor'bid, a. diseased, corrupted. Mor'bidness, s. the state of being diseased. Morbific, a. causing disease. Morbo'se, a. proceeding from disease. Morbos'ity, s. a diseased state. Morda'cious, a. biting, apt to bite. Morda'ciously, ad. bitingly ; sarcastically. Morda"city, s. a biting quality. Mor'dant, a. biting: s. a substance used in dyeing which combines with and fixes the colors. Mor'dicancy, s. a biting quality ; corrosion. Mer'dicant, a. biting ; acrid. Mordica'tion, s. the act of corroding or biting. More, a. in greater number or degree. More, ad. to a greater degree. Moreen', s. a kind of woollen stuff used fcs curtains and bed-hangings. Morel', s. a kind of cherry ; a plant. Moreo'ver, ad. more than yet mentioned. Mores'que, Moresk', a. done like the Moors : s. a painting or carving done in compart- ments after the Moorish manner. Mor'glay, s. a deadly sword or weapon. Mori"gerous, a. obedient, obsequious. Mor'il, s. a kind of mushroom. Motion, s. armour for the head, a casque. Moris'co, s. a dancer of the morris-dance. Morn, Morn'ing, s. first part of the day. Morn'ing, a. pertaining to the morning. Morn'ing-star, s. the planet Venus when she shines in the morning. Moroc'co, s. a fine sort of leather, (originally applied to leather from Morocco.) Moro'ne, a. of a deep crimson color. Mo'rose, a. cross, peevish, surly, sour. Moro'sely, ad. sourly ; peevishly. Moro'seness, s. peevishness, sourness. Moros'ity, s. moroseness ; peevishness. Mor'phew, s. a scurf on the face* Mor'phew, v. to cover with scurf. Mor'phia, s. an alkali extracted from opium. Mor'ris-dance, s. originally, a morisco or Moorish dance. Mor'ris-dancer, s. a dancer in the morris. Mor'row, s. the day following the present. Morse, s. an animal called the sea-horse. Mor'sel, s. a mouthful, a small piece. Mor'sure, s. the act of biting. Mort, $. a tune at the death of hunted game. Mor'tal, a. subject to death ; deadly. Mor'tal, s. a human being, man. Mortal'ity, J. the state of being subject to death ; death ; human nature. Mor'talize, ». to make mortal. Mor'tally, ad. irrecoverably ; deadly. Mor'tar, s. a cement for building ; a vessel in which substances are pounded with a pes- tle ; a bomb cannon. Mort'gage, s. a pledge ; property held as a security for money lent. Mort'gage, v. to pledge lands, &c. Mortgagee', s. one who takes a mortgage. Mort'gager, s. one who gives a mortgage. Mortif'erous, a. fatal, deadly, destructive. Mortification, s. the act of mortifying ; state of being mortified; a gangrene; humilia- tion ; vexation Mor'tifier, s. one who mortifies. Mor'tify, v. to gangrene ; to humiliate. Mor'tise, s. a hole cut in one piece of wood to admit the tenon of another. Mor'tise, v. to join with a mortise. Mort'main, s. an unalienable estate. Mor'tress, s. a dish of various meats. Mortuary, a. belonging to the burial of the dead : s. a place for the dead ; a gift left to the church at death. Mosaic, Mosa'ical, a. pertaining to Moses. Mosa'ic-work, s. work variegated by pebbles, shells, or marbles, of different colors, so as to resemble painting. Mosque, s. a Mahometan temple. Mosqui'to, s. a stinging fly of warm climatC3i Moss, s. a substance growing on trees, &c. Moss, v. to cover with moss. MOS 181 MUC Moss'-clad, a. clad or covered with moss. Moss'-grown, a. overgrown with moss. Moss'iness, s. the state of being mossy. Moss'-trooper, s. a bog-trotter ; a robber. Moss'y, a. overgrown with moss. Most, ad. in the greatest or highest degree. Most, a. greatest in number or quantity. Mo'stly, ad. for the most part. Mota'tion, s. the act of moving. Mote, s. a very small particle of matter. Motet', s. a short air in sacred music. Moth, s. a small insect that eats cloth. Moth'cat, v. to prey upon, as a moth. Moth'eaten, a. eaten by moths. Moth'er, s. a sort of mouldiness or scum on liquors, particularly on vinegar. Moth'er, s. a woman that has borne a child. Moth'er, a. native, as, "mother tongue." Moth'er, v. to adopt as a son or daughter. Moth'erhood, s. the state of being a mother. Moth'er-in-iaw, s. a husband or wife's mother. Moth'erless, a. having lost a mother. Moth'crly, a. suiting a mother ; fond. Moth'er] y, ad. in the manner of a mother. Mother-of-pearl', s. a kind of coarse pearl. Moth'er-wit, s. native wit ; common sense. Moth'er-wort, s. a herb. Moth'ery, a. dreggy, concreted, mouldy. Moth'y, a. full of moths. Mo'tion, s. the act of moving ; a proposal. Mo'tion, v. to propose ; to advise. Mo'tioner, s. a mover ; a proposer. Mo'tionlcss, a. being without motion. Mo'ti^e. s. that which moves a person to act. Mo'tive, a. having the power to move. Motiv'ity, s. the power of producing motion. Motley, a. mingled, of various colors. Mo'tory, a. giving motion. Mot'to, s. a word or sentence added to a de- vice, or prefixed to any thing written. Mould, s. mouldiness : v. to become mouldy. Mould, v. to model ; to shape or form. Mould, s. earth ; a form or shape (usually made of mould or clay) in which things arc cast or modelled. Mould'able, a. that may be moulded, Moukl'er, s. he who moulds. Mould'cr, v. to turn to mould or dust. Mould'ering, p. and a. crumbling into dust. Mould'iness, s. the state of being mouldy. Mould'ing, s. ornament in wood or stone. Mould'y, a. overgrown with mould. Moult, v. to shod or change feathers. Moult'ing, s. a periodical change of plumage. Mound, s. a rampart ; a fence. Mound, v. to fortify with a mound. Mount, s. an artificial hill ; a mountain. Mount, v. to ascend ; to get on horseback. Mount'able, a. that may be ascended. Moun'tain, s. a large hill. Moun'tain, a. growing on mountains. Moun'tain- blue, s. a carbonate of copper. Mountaineer', s. an inhabitant of a moun- tain ; a rustic ; a freebooter. Moun'tain-green, s. a carbonate of copper. Mouri'tainmis, a. full of mountains, hilly. Moun'tainousness, J. the being mountainous. Moun'tain-soap, s. a dark-colored mineral. Moun'tebank, s. a quack ; a charlatan. Mount'ebank, v. to cheat; to gull. Mount'cbankery, s. quackery ; charlatanry. Mount'er, s. one that mounts or ascends. Mount'ing, s. ascent ; embellishment. Mount'ingly, ad. by rising or ascending, Moun'ty, s. the rise of a hawk. Mourn, v. to grieve, to lament, to bewail. Mourn'er, s. one that mourns. Mourn'ful, a. causing sorrow, sorrowful. Mourn'fully, ad. with sorrow. Mourn'fulness, s. sorrow, grief. Mourn'ing, s. grief ; the dress of sorrow. Mourn'ingly, ad. in a mourning manner. Mouse, s. a small animal. Mouse, (moivz) v. to catch mice. Mou'se-ear, s. the name of a plant. Mou'sc-hole, s. a hole made by mice. Mou'ser, s. one that catches mice, a cat. Mou'se-tail, s. the name of a plant. Mou'setrap, s. a trap to catch mice with. Mouth, s. the aperture in the head at which food is received ; an entrance, &c. Mouth, (mowthe) v. to speak mouthingly and affectedly, to grumble or mouth at. Mouth'-friend, s. a pretended friend. Mouth'ful, s. what the mouth can hold. Mouth'-honor, s. insincere civility. Mouth'ing, s. utterance with affected fulness of sound ; loud pompous delivery. Mouth'less, a. being without a mouth. Mouth'-piece, s. the part of a wind instru- ment to which the mouth is applied ; one who delivers the sentiments of others. Mov'able, a. that may be moved. Mov'ableness, s. state of being movable. Mov'ables, s.pl. personal goods, furniture. Mo/ably, ad. so as it may be moved. Move, s. the act of moving ; change of situ- ation ; a term used at chess. Move, v. to put in motion, to impel ; to pro- pose ; to change place ; to stir up, to excite. Mov'eless, a. fixed, unmoved. Move'ment, s. motion ; manner of moving. Mo'vent, a. moving ; not quiescent : s. that which moves any thing. Mov'er, s. that which moves ; a proposer. Mov'ing, a. affecting, pathetic. Mov'ingly, ad. pathetically. Mov'ingness, s. power of moving the passions. Mow, v. to make mouths at. Mow, s. a heap of hay or corn. Mow, v. to cut with a scythe. Mow'er, s. one who cuts with a scythe. Mow'ing, s. the act of cutting with a scythe. Mow'burn, v. to ferment in the mow. Mox'a, 5. an Indian moss. Much, a. great in quantity, long in time : ad. in or to a great degree, by far; often : s. a great deal. Mu'cid-acid, s. an acid obtained from gums. Mu'cid, a. slimy, viscous. Mu'cidncss, s. sliminess, mustiness. Mu'cilage, s. a slimy or viscous mass. Mucila"ginous, a. slimy, viscous, ropy. _ Mucila"ginousness, s. sliminess; viscosity. Muck, s. clung ; any thing filthy. Muck, v. to manure with dung. Muck'er, v. to get or save meanly. Muck'heap, Muck'hill, s. a dunghill. Muck'incss, s. nastiness, filth, dirtiness. Muck'worm, s. a worm bred in dung ; a cut- mudgcon ; a miser. Muck'y, a. nasty, filthy, dirty. MUC 182 MUN Mu'cous, a. slimy, viscous. Mu'cousness, s. the state of being mucous. Mu'cronated, a. narrowed to a sharp point. Mu'culent, a. mucous, slimy, viscous, moist. Mu'cus, ■?. a viscous or slimy fluid. Mud, s. moist and soft earth, mire. Mud, v. to bury in mud, to bespatter. Mud'diiy, ad. in a muddy manner. Mud'diness, s. the state of being muddy. Mud'dle, v. to make muddy or confused. Mud'dled, a. half drunk ; stupified. Mud'dy, a. foul with mud ; confused. Mud'dy, v. to make muddy. Mud'dy-headed, a. thick-skulled, dull. Mud'sucker, s. a sea-fowl. Mud'-wall, s. a wall built with mud. Mud'-walled, a. having a mud-wall. Mud'wort, s. the name of a plant. Muff, *. a cover of fur for the hands. Muffin, s. a kind of light spungy cake. Muffle, v. to wrap up, to conceal. Muffler, s. a cover for the face. Mufti, s. the Mahometan high priest. Mug, s. a cup to drink out of. Mug'gish, Mug'gy, a. moist, damp, close. Muggleto'nian, s. a follower of one Muggle- ton, a journeyman tailor, who about the year 1657 set up for a prophet. Mug'house, j. an alehouse. Mu'gient, a. lowing or bellowing. Mu'gil, s. a fish, the mullet. Mug'woii, j. the name of a plant. Mulat'to, s. one born of parents of whom the one is black, and the other white. Mul'berry, s. a tree and its fruit. Mulct, v. to punish by fine or forfeiture. Mulct, s. a penalty, a pecuniary fine. Mulc'tuary, a. punishing with fine. ■ Mule, a. an animal generated between a horse and an ass, or an ass and a mare. Muleteer', s. a mule-driver. Mulieb'rity, s. womanhood ; effeminacy. Mu'lish, a. obstinate as a mule. Mull, v. to soften ; to heat and sweeten wine, &c. : s. a kind of Scottish snuff-box. Mul'ler, s. a grin ding-stone for colors. Mullet, s. a sea-fish. Mullagataw'ny, s. an Indian curry soup ; a soup highly seasoned with pepper, &c. Mulligrubs, s. (a low word) a twisting of the intestines; an attack of the sullens. Mul'lion, s. a division in a window-frame : v. to shape into divisions in a window. Mulse, s. boiled wine mixed with honey. Multan'gular, a. having many corners. Multan'gularly, ad. with many corners. Multicap'sular, a. having many capsules. Multica'vous, a. full of holes or cavities. Multifa'rious, a. having great diversity. Multifa'riously, ad. with multiplicity. Multifariousness, s. multiplied diversity. Multif idous, a. having many divisions. Mul'tiform, a. having various shapes. Multiformity, s. diversity of shapes. Multigen'erous, a. having many kinds. Multij'ugous, a. consisting of many pairs. Multilateral, a. having many sides. Multilin'eal, a. having many lines. Multilobular, a. having many cells. Multino'mial, a. having many names. Multip'arous, a. having many at a birth. Mul'tipede, s. an insect with many feet. Mul'tiple, s. a number that exactly contains another number several times. Mul'tiple, a. containing many times. Mul'tiplex, a. consisting of many folds. Mul'tipliable, Mul'tiplicable, a. capable of being arithmetically multiplied. Multipli'ableness, *. the being multipliable. Multiplicand', j. the number to be multiplied. Mul'tiplicate, a. consisting of many. Multiplication, s. the act of multiplying. Mui'tiplicative, a. tending to multiph . Multiplica'tor, s. the number by which an- other number is multiplied. Multiplicity, s. a great variety. Multiplier, s. one who or that which multi- plies ; the multiplicator. Mul'tiply, v. to increase in number. Multip'otent, a. having manifold power. Multipres'cnce, s. the power or act of being present in many places at once. Multisillquous, a. having many pods. Multis'onous, a. having many sounds. Multisyllable, s. a word of many syllables. Mul'titude, s. many ; a crowd or throng. Multitu'dinous, a. consisting of very many. Mul'tivalve, a. having many valves: s. an animal with a shell of many valves. Multivalvular, a. having many valves. Multoc'ular, a. having many eyes. Mul'ture, s. a toll for grinding corn. Mum, int. hush ! silence ! a. silent. Mum, s. ale brewed with wheat. Mum'ble, v. to mutter; to chew, Mum'blcr, s. a muttcrer, a slow speaker. Mum'blingly, ad. with inarticulate utterance. Mum'chance, s. silence ; a game with dice. Mumm, v. to mask ; to act in disguise. Mum'mer, s. a masker, a player. Mum'mery, j. low sport ; buffoonery. Mummify', v. to preserve as a mummy. xvlum'my, s. a dead body preserved by the Egyptian art of embalming. Mump, v. to nibble or bite quickly ; to chew or move the jaws quickly ; to talk low and quick ; to beg ; to play a beggar's trick, to cheat, to deceive. Mump'er, s. a beggar in cant language. Mumping, s. begging tricks. Mumpish, a. sullen, obstinate. Mumps, s. sullenness, silent anger; a dis- ease of the throat, the quinsy. Munch, Mounch, v. to chew eagerly. Munch'er, s. one that munches. Mun'dane, a. belonging to the world. Munda'tion, s. the act of cleansing. Mun'datory, a. of power to cleanse. Mun'dic, s. a kind of mineral. Mundificalion, s. cleansing as from dross. Mundif Icative, s. a medicine to cleanse. Mundif Icative, a. having power to cleanse. Mun'dify, v. to cleanse, to make clean. Mundun'gus,*. stinking tobacco (a cant word.) Mu'nerary, a. belonging to a gift. Mu'nerato. See Remunerate. Muiicra'tion. See Remuneration. Mun'grel. Sec Mongrel. Muni"cipal, a. belonging to a corporation. Municipality, s. a district or division. Munificence, s. liberality, generosity. Munificent, a. bountiful, liberal, generous. MUN 183 MYE Munificently, ad. liberally, generously. Mu'niment, s. a fortification; a support. Muni"tion, s. fortification ; ammunition. Mu'rage, s. a toll paid for repairing walls. Mu'ral, a. pertaining to a wall. Mur'der, s. the act of killing unlawfully. Mur'der. v. to kill tmlawfully ; to destroy. Mur'derer, s. one who kills unlawfully. Mur'dress, s. she who commits murder. Mur'derous, a. Moody, guilty of murder. Mur'derously, ad. in a murderous manner. Mure, v. to enclose within a wall. Mu'riated, a. made salt, put in brine. Muriafic, a. having the nature of brine. Mu'ricated, a. full of sharp points. Mu'rine, a. of or pertaining to mice. Murk, s. darkness ; cloudiness. Mur'ky, a. dark, cloudy, wanting light Mur'mur, v. to grumble, to mutter. Mur'mur, s. a complaint, a grumbling. Mur'murer, *. a grumbler, a repiner. Mur'muring, s. a low sound ; a confused noise ; complaint half suppressed. Mur'muringiy, ad. complainingly. Mur'murous, a. exciting murmur. Mur'rain, s. a plague amongst cattle. Mur'rey, a. of a dark red color. Mur'rhine, s a delicate kind of porcelain. Mur'rion. See Morion. Mus'cadel, Mus'cadine, s. sweet grapes, and the wine produced from them. Mus'cle, s. a fleshy fibre ; a shell-fish. Muscos'ity, s. mossiness. Muscova'do, s. unrefined sugar. Mus'covy-duck, s. the musk-duck. Mus'cular, a. full of muscles, brawny; rela- ting to, or performed by muscles. Muscularity, s. the state of being muscular. Mus'culous, a. muscular ; brawny. Mu'seless, a. disregarding poetry. Mush'room -stone, s. a fossil stone. Mu'sic-book, s. a book containing tunes. Muse, s. the power of poetry ; deep thought. Muse, v. to ponder on ; to think on with wonder ; to be in a reverie. Mu'seful, a. silently thoughtful. Mu'ser, s. one apt to be absent of mind. Muse'um, 5. a repository of curiosities. Mush'room, s. a spungy plant ; an upstart Mu'sic, s. the science of sounds, harmony. Mu'sical, a. harmonious, sweet-sounding. Mu'sically, ad. harmoniously, sweetly. Mu'sicalness, s. the being musical. Musi"cian, .«. one skilled in music. Mu'sic-master, s. one who teaches music. Mu'sing, s. meditation ; contemplation. Musk, .1. a kind of mo3s, a mossy flower ; the grape flower. Musk, s. a strong perfume ; the name of the animal from which it is procured : v. to perfume with musk. Musk'apple, s. a kind of apple. Musk'cat. s. the animal called a musk. Musk'chcrry, s. a sort of cherry. Mus'ket, s. a soldier's hand -gun ; a hawk. Musketeer', .?. a soldier armed with a musket. Musketoon', s. a blunderbuss, a short gun. Mus'ketry, s. muskets, or musketeers col- lectively. Musk'incss, x. the scent of musk. Musk'melon, s. a fragrant melon. Musk'-ox, s. a species of ox. Musk'-pear ;< s. a fragrant kind of pear. Musk'rose, i. a fragrant rose so called. Musk'rat, s. a small American animal. Musk'-seed, s. the name of a plant. Musk'wood, s. the name of a plant. Musk'y, a. smelling of musk ; perfumed. Mus'lin, s. fine stuff made of cotton. Mus'sel, Mus'cle, s. a bivalve shell-fish. Mus'sulman, s. a Mahometan believer. Must, v. to be obliged. Must, v. to make or grow mouldy. Mustache, pi. Musta'ches, s. the hair left to grow on the upper lip ; whiskers. Mus'tard, s. a plant and its seed. Mus'ter, v. to assemble ; to collect for review. Mus'ter, *. a review of forces ; a collection. Mus'ter-book, s. a book in which forces are registered. Mus'ter-master, s. one who superintends, and keeps an account of the muster. Mus'ter-roll, s. a register of forces. Mus'tiness, s. mouldiness ; damp ; foulness. Mus'ty, a. mouldy, spoiled with damp. Mutabil'ity, s. changeableness, inconstancy. Mu'table, a. subject to change ; inconstant, unsettled. Mu'tableness, s. uncertainty ; instability, Muta'tion, s. the act of changing ; change. Mute, a. silent, dumb, not vocal. Mute, s. one that has no power of speech. Mute, v. to dung as birds. Mute, Mu'ting, s. the dung of birds. Mu'tely, ad. silently; not vocally. Mu'teness, s. silence ; aversion to speak. Mu'tilate, v. to maim, to cut off. Mu'tilated, a. maimed ; defective. Mutila'tion, *. the act of mutilating. Mu'tilator, s. one that mutilates. Mutineer', s. a mover of mutiny. Mu'tinous, a. seditious, tumultuous. Mu'tinously, ad. in a mutinous manner Mu'tinousness, s. disposition to mutiny. Mu'tiny, J. an insurrection of seamen or sol- diers against their officers : v. to riso against authority. Mut'ter, v. to grumble, to utter imperfectly Mut'ter, s. murmur ; indistinct utterance. Mut'terer, s. a grumbler, a murmurer. Mut'tering, s. utterance of a low voice. Mut'teringly, ad. in a muttering manner Mut'ton, s. the flesh of sheep, a sheep. Mut'ton-jist, s. a hand large and red. Mu'tual, a. reciprocal, acting in return. Mutual'ity, s. reciprocation, interchange. Mu'tually, ad. reciprocally, in return. Mutua'tion, s. the act of borrowing. Muz'zle, s. the mouth of any thing ; a fas- tening for the mouth to prevent biting. Muzzle, v. to bind the mouth ; to restrain a person from doing any harm My, pr.pos. belonging to me. Mynheor', s. Sir, My Lord or Master, among the Dutch ; among us, a Dutchman. Myol'ogy. s. the doctrine of the muscles. My'ope. s, a short-sighted person. My'o*py, s. shortness of sight. Myr'iad, *•. the number of ten thousand ; a largo number indefinitely. Myr'midon, s. (one of Achilles' troops or followers) any rude follower or ruffian. MYE, 184 NAT Myrob'alan, s. a kind of dried East Indian fruit, used in medicine. Myrrh, s. a strong aromatic gum. Myrrh'ine, a. belonging to myrrh. Myr'tle, s. a fragrant kind of shrub or tree ; it was anciently held sacred to Venus. Mvr'tleberry, s. the fruit of the myrtle. Myself. See I and Self. Myste'rial, a. containing a mystery. Mysto'rious, a. full of mystery; very strange. Myste'riously, ad. in a mysterious manner. Mysteriousness, s. the being mysterious. Mys'terize, v. to turn to enigmas. Mys'tery, s. something secret or inexplica- ble ; an enigma. Mys'tic, *. one of a sect of fanatics. Mys'tic, Mys'tical, a. sacredly obscure, secret, dark ; involving some hidden meaning. Mys'tically, ad. in a mystic manner. Mys'ticalness, s. the state of being mystical. Mys'ticism, s. the doctrine of the Mystics. Mystification, s. the act of mystifying. Mys'tify, v. to render obscure or perplexing. Myth'ic, Myth'ical, a. fabulous. Mytbolo"gical, a. relating to mythology. Mytholo"gically, ad. in the form of fables. Mythol'ogist, s. an explainer of fables. Mythol'ogize, v. to relate or explain the fabulous history of the heathens. Mythol'ogy, s. a system of fables ; explica- tion of the fabulous history of heathen gods. Myx'on, s. a fish of the mullet kind. N. Nab, v. to catch unexpectedly, Na'bob, s. the title of an East Indian prince ; a name given to one who has acquired a great fortuno in India. Na'cre, s. mother-of-pearl. Na'creous, a. having a pearly lustre. Na'dir, s. the point opposite to the zenith. Nag, s. a small or young horse. Nai'ad, s. a water-nymph. Nail, s. the horny substance at the ends of the fingers and toes ; the talons of a bird ; the claws of a beast; a piece of metal by which things are fastened ; the sixteenth part of a yard ; a stud. Nail, v. to fasten with nails. Nail'er, s. a maker of nails. Nail'ery, s. a manufactory for nails. Na'ively, ad. with native simplicity. Naivete, [Fr.] s. simplicity; ingenuousness. Na'ked, a. uncovered, bare ; unarmed, de- fenceless ; unconcealed, plain, mere. Na'kedly, ad. without covering, merely. Na'kednoss, s. a want of covering ; bareness. Nam'bypamby, a. contemptible by pretti- nesses ; effeminate. Name, s. an appellation ; reputation, fame. Name, v. to give a name to, to mention by name, to specify, to nominate. Na'meless, a. without a name ; unknown. Na'mely, ad. particularly, specially. Na'mesake, s. one who has the same name. Nankeen', 5. a kind of cotton cloth, origin- ally brought from Nankin in China. Nap, s. a short sleep : v. to take a short sleep. Nap, s. the down or villous substance on cloth ; the downy substance on plants. Nape, s. the joint of the neck behind. Nap'ery, s. linen for the table. Naph'tha, s. an unctuous mineral acid of the bituminous kind, very inflammable. Nap'kin, s. a cloth to wipe the hands, &c. Nap'less, a. threadbare, wanting nap. Nap'py, a. having much nap; frothy, spumy, Nareis'sus, s. the daffodil flower. Narco'sis, s. stupefaction ; privation of sense. Narcot'ic, a. causing torpor or stupefaction. Narcot'ic, s. a drug producing sleep. Narcot'ically, ad. by producing torpor. Nar'cotine, s. the narcotic principle of opium. Nard, s. an odorous shrub ; an ointment. Nar'dine, a. pertaining to nard. Narra'te, v. to relate ; to tell. Narra'tion, s. the act of narrating; an ac- count, a narrative. Nar'rative, a. giving an account, relating or telling : s. an account, a narration. Nar'ratively, ad. by way of relation. Narra'tor, s. a relater, a teller, an historian. Nar'ratory, a. giving an account of events. Nar'row, a. of small breadth ; near, covetous. Nar'row, v. to make or grow narrow. Nar'rovly, ad. contractedly ; nearly. Nar'rowminded, a. stingy, mean-spirited. Nar'rowness, s. want of breadth ; meanness. Nar'whale, s. a kind of whale. Na'sal, a. pertaining to the nose ; snuffling. Nas'ccnt, a. growing, increasing. Nasicor'nous, a. having a horn ou the nose, Nas'iform, a. shaped like a nose. Nas'tily, ad. dirtily, filthily, grossly. Nas'tincss, s. dirtiness, filth, obscenity. Nastur'tium, s. the name of a plant. Nas'ty, a. dirty, filthy, sordid, obscene. Na'tal, a. relating to nativity ; native. Natali"tious, a. relating to a birth-day. Na'tant, a. (in botany/ swimming. Nata'tion, s. the act of swimming. Na'tatory, a. enabling to swim. Nath'less, ad. nevertheless. Na'tion, a. a people distinct from others. Na"tional, a. relating to a nation, public. Nationality, s. national character. Nationalize, v. to make national. Nationally, ad. with regard, to the nation. Na'tive, a. natural, not artificial, original : *. one born in a place or country. Na'tively, ad. naturally; not artificially. Na'tiveness, s. the state of being native. Nativ'ity, s. birth; state or place of birth. Na'tron, 5. a substance more commonly soda, originally from Lake Natrum in Egypt. Nat'ural, a. produced by nature; tender, unaffected; illegitimate: s. an idiot. Nat'ural ism, s. mere state of nature. Nat'uralist, j. one skilled in natural history. Naturaliza'tion, s. the admission of a for- eigner to the privileges of a native. Nat'uralize, v. to invest with the privileges of native subjects ; to adopt. Nat'urally, ad. unaffectedly; spontaneously. Nat'uralness, s. the state of being natural. Nat'urals, s. pi. whatever belongs naturally to animals — opposed to Non-naturals. Na'ture, s. the system of the world, or the assemblage of all created beings; the re- gular course of things ; native state of any thing; disposition of mind; compass ut natural existence ; species or sort. NAU 185 NEG Nau'frage, s. shipwreck. Nau'fragous, a. causing shipwreck. Naught, a. bad, corrupt : s. nothing. Nau'ghtily, ad. wickedly, corruptly, basely. Nau'ghtiness, s. badness, wickedness. Nau'ghty, a. bad, wicked, corrupt, viciou3. Nau'machy, s. a mock sea-fight. Nau'sea, s. a propensity to vomit ; disgust. Nau'seant, a. creating nausea. Nau'seate, v. to grow squeamish, to loathe. Nau'seous, a. loathsome, disgustful. Nau'seously, ad. loathsomely, disgustfully. Nau'seousness, s. loathsomeness. Nau'tic, Nau'tical, a. pertaining to sh ips or navigation. Nau'tilite, s. a fossil nautilus. Nau'tilus, s. a shell-fish furnished with something resembling a sail. Na'val, a. consisting of, or relating to ships. Nave, s. the middle part of a church ; the middle part of a wheel. Na'vel, s. the central part of the abdomen. Na'vel-gall, s. a bruise on a horse's back. Na'vel-string, s. the umbilical cord. Na'vel-wort, s. the name of a plant. Navic'ular, a. resembling a' small ship. Nav'igable, a. passable by ships or boats. Navigableness, s. the being navigable. Nav'igate, v. to sail over or on ■ to steer or direct a ship. Navigation, s. the act of navigating ; the art of conducting a ship at sea. Nav'igator, s. a seaman, a traveller by water. Na'vy, s. a company of ships of war, a fleet. Nay, ad. no ; not only so : s. denial. Naz'arite, *. a Jew professing extraordinary purity of life and devotion. Naze, s. a headland, a promontory. Neal, v. to be tempered in fire Neap, a. low, scanty : s. a neap-tide. Neapolitan, a. belonging to Naples : s. a native of the kingdom of Naples. Neap'-tides, s. low tides in the second and fourth quarters of the moon ; opposed to Spring-tides at the new and full moon. Near, a. close, not distant ; parsimonious : v . to approach ; to draw near : ad. at hand. Nearly, ad. closely ; meanly. Near'ness, s. closeness ; niggardliness. Neat, a. elegant, clean, pure. Neat, s. black cattle, oxen. Neat'herd, s. a cow-keeper. Neat'ly, ad. cleanlily, trimly. Neat'ness, s. cleanliness, spruceness. Neb, s. the bill or beak of a bird ; the nose. Neb'ula, s. [Lat.] a little cloud ; a cluster of stars not separately distinguishable. Nebulos'ity, s. the being cloudy or hazy. Neb'ulous, Neb'ulose, a. misty, cloudy. Ne"cessaries, s. pi. things necessary or need- ful for human life. Ne"cessarily. ad. indispensably, inevitably. Ne"cessariness, s. the state of being necessary. Ne"cessary, a. needful, unavoidable : s. any thing necessary ; a privy. Necessita'rian, s. one denying free agency. Neces'sitate, v. to make it necessary for. Necessitated, p. and a. forced, in want. Necessita'tion, 5. the making necessary. Neces'sitied, a. in a state of want. Necessitous, a. in want, needy, poor. ; sitousness, s. extreme want. Neces'situde, s. want, need, poverty. Neces'sity, s. compulsion ; fatality ; indist- pensableness ; want, poverty. Neck, s. part of the body ; a narrow part. Neck'cloth, s. a cravat. Neck'erchief, s. a handkerchief worn on the neck of a woman ; a neckcloth. Neck'lace, s. a woman's neck ornament. Neck'land, s. a narrow part of land. Nec'romancer, s. a conjurer, a wizard. Nec'romancy, s. the art of revealing future events by communicating with the dead. Necroman'tic, a. relating to necromancy. Necroman'tically, ad. by conjuration. Nec'tar, s. the fabled drink of the gods. Necta'rean, Necta'reous, Nec'tarous, Nec'ta- rine, a. sweet as nectar ; like nectar. Nec'tared, a. mingled with nectar. Nec'tarine, s. a variety of the peach. Nec'tarize, v. to sweeten. Nec'tary, s. the melliferous part of a flower. Need, Need'iness, s. exigency, want. Need, v. to want, to lack, to be necessitated. Need'ful, a. indispensably requisite. Need'fully, ad. necessarily, Need'fulness, s. necessity. Need'ily, ad. in poverty ; poorly. Nee'dle, s. a small pointed instrument for sewing ; the small steel pointer in the mariner's compass. Nee'dle-fish, s. a kind of sea-fish. Nee'dlemaker, s. one who makes needles. Need'less, a. unnecessary, not requisite. Need'lessly, ad. unnecessarily; without need. Need'lessness, s. unnecessariness. Nee'dlework, s. work done with a needle. Needs, ad. indispensably, inevitably. Need'y, a. distressed by want, poor. Nefan'dous, a. not to be named ; abominable. Nefa'rious, a. heinous, wicked, abominable. Nefa'riously, ad. abominably ; wickedly. Nega'tion, ,?. denial; contrary to affirmation. Neg'ative, s. a word or proposition that denies : v. to dismiss by negation. Neg'atively, ad. in the form of denial. Neg'atory, a. belonging to negation. Neglect', v. to omit by carelessness, to slight. Neglect', s. inattention, negligence. Neglec'ter, s. one who neglects. Neglect'ful, a. heedless, careless, inattentive. Neglect'fully, ad. with heedless inattention. Neglect'ingly, ad. inattentively. Neglect'ive, a. inattentive to ; regardless of. Negligee', [Fr.] s. a sort of loose dress. Neg'ligence, s. remissness, carelessness. Negligent, a. careless, heedless, inattentive. Negligently, ad. carelessly, heedlessly. Negotiabil'ity, 5. the being negotiable. Nego'tiable, a. that may be negotiated. Nego'tiant, s. one who negotiates. Nego'tiate, v. to traffic, to treat with. Nego'tiating, a. trading, managing. Negotiation, s. the act of negotiating ; the matter negotiated ; a treaty, business. Nego'tiator, s. one who negotiates. Nego'tiatory, a. relating to negotiation. Ne'gress, s. a female negro. Ne'gro, s. a blaokamoor. Ne'gus, s. a mixture of wine, water, sugar, nutmeg, and lemon. NEI 186 NIG Neigh, s. the voice of a horse : v. to make a noise like a horse Neigh'bour, s. one who lives near another. Neigh'bour, v. to adjoin ; to bo near. Neighbourhood, s. the places adjoining. Neighbouring, a. adjoining ; being near. Neighbourliness, s. the being neighbourly. Neighbourly, a. friendly, civil, kind. Neighbourly, ad. acting like a neighbour. Neighbourship, s. state of being neighbours. Nei'ther, conj. not either, no one. Nem'oious, Nem'oral, a. woody. Nen'uphar, s. the water-lily or water-rose. Neol'ogy, s. invention of new words. Ne'ophyte, 5. oue regenerated ; a convert. Neoter'ic, Neoterlcal, a. new, modeix, re- cent in origin, late. Neoter'ic, s. one of modern times. Nepen'the, J. a drug that drives away pain. Neph'ew, s. the son of a brother or sister. Nephrit'ic, a. pertaining to the kidneys : s. a medicine for the stone. Nephri'tis, s. inflammation of the kidneys. Nep'otism, s. a fondness for nephews ; favo- ritism shown to relations. Neptu'nian, a. pertaining to the ocean. Neptu'nian, Nep'tunist, s. one who, in op- position to the Platonic theory, holds, that the substances of the globe were formed by aqueous solution. Ne'reid, s. a sea-nymph. Nerve, s. one of the organs of sensation and motion which pass from the brain to all parts of the body ; a sinew ; strength, courage. Nerve, v . to strengthen. Nerveless, a. without strength or vigour. Nei'vine, s. a medicine for the nerves. Ner'vhie, a. relating to the nerves. Ner'vous, a. relating to the nerves ; sinewy, vigorous ; having weak nerves. Nervously, ad. in a nervous manner. Nervousness, s. vigour ; strength. Ner'vy, a. strong, vigorous. Nes'cience, s. the state of not knowing. Ness, s. a point of land running into the sea ; a promontory. Nest, s. a bed or place in which biids build and hatch their young ; an abode ; a warm, snug habitation ; a number of re- ceptacles or drawers. Nest, v. to build nests. Nest'egg, s. an egg left in the nest Nes'tle, v. to settle, to lie close, to cherish. Nestling, s. a bird just hatched. Net, s. a texture woven with interstices, for catching fish, birds, &c. : v. to knit a net. Net, a. pure ; clear ; genuine : v. to bring as clear produce. Neth'er, a. lower, not upper ; infernal. Neth'ermost, a. lowest. Net'ting, s. a piece of network. Net'tle, s. a common stinging herb. Net'tle, v. to vex, to provoke, to irritate. Net'tler, s. one who provokes. Net'tle-tree, s . a tree with pointed leaves. Net'work, s. a work in the form of a net. Neurol'ogy, s. a description of the nerves. Neu'rospast, s. a puppet, an automaton. Neurotic, s. a medicine for the nerves. Neurotic, a. good for the nerves. Neurot'omist, 5. a dissector of the nerves Neurot'omy, s. the anatomy of the nerves. Neu'ter, Neu'tral, a. of neither party. Neu'tral, Neutralist, s. one who does not act or engage on either side. Neutrality, s. the state of being neutral. Neutralization, s. the act of neutralizing. Neu'tralize, v. to render neutral. Neu'tralizer, s. that which neutralizes. Neutralizing, a. rendering neutral. Neu'trally, ad. indifferently ; on neither part. Nev'er, ad. not ever, at no time. Nevertheless', ad. notwithstanding that. New, a. fresh, modern, not ancient. Newfan'gled, a. formed with a ridiculous affectation of novelty. Newfangledness, s. foolish love of novelty. Newfashloned, a. lately come into fashion. Newish, a. somewhat new ; nearly new Newly, ad. lately, freshly. New-mod'el, v. to give a new form to. New-mod'clled, a. formed after a new model. New'ness, s. freshness, recentness, lateness. News, s. fresh accounts of transactions. News'monger, s. one who retails news. News'paper, s. a chronicle of passing events. Newt, s. an eft, a small lizard. Newto'nian,a. pertaining to Sir Isaac Newton : s. a follower of Newton in philosophy. Next, a. nearest in place or gradation. Next, ad. immediately succeeding. Nib, s. a point of a pen ; the bill of a bird. Nil/bed, a. having a nib. Nib'ble, v. to bite at, as a fish does bait; to bite by little at a time ; to carp at, or find fault with. Nib'ble, s. an attempt to bite at. Nib'bler, s. one that bites by little at a time. Nice, a. accurate, scrupulous, delicate. Ni'cely, ad. accurately, minutely, delicately. Ni'cene, a. pertaining to the town of Nice. Ni'ceness, s. accuracy ; minute exactness. Ni'cety, *. minute accuracy; punctilious discrimination ; effeminate softness ; a dainty morsel. Niche, s. a hollow to place a statue in. Nick, s. a notch ; a score, a reckoning ; ex- act point of time. Nick, v. to cut in notches ; to hit. Nick'el, s. a hard malleable, ssmi-metal. Nickname, s. an appellation given in con- tempt : v. to give a name in contempt. Nico'tian, a. pertaining to tobacco. Nic'tate, v. to wink. Nicta'tion, s. a twinkling of the eye. Nid'gct, s. a coward ; a trifler. Nidificate, v. to make a nest. Nidifiealion, s. the act of building nests. Nidoroslty, s. eructation with the taste of undigested roast meat. Ni'dorous, a. having the smell of roast fat. Nid'ulate, v. to build a nest. Nidula'tion, s. time of remaining in the nest. Niece, s. the daughter of a brother or sister. Nig'gard, s. a sordid covetous person. Nig'gard, a. sordid, parsimonious. Nig'gardish, a. somewhat niggardly. Nig'gard] iness, s. sordid parsimony. Nig'gardly, ad. avariciously, meanly. Niggle, v. to play or trifle with. Nigh, a. near to ; allied closely by blood. NIG 167 NOI Nigh, v. to come near to ; to touch Nigh, Nigh'ly, ad. nearly, within a little. Night. 5. time from sunset to sunrise. Nightf-bird, s. any bird that flies only by night, an owl. Night'born, a. produced in darkness. Night'cap, s. a cap worn in bed. Night'dew, s. dew that falls in the night. Night'dress, rf. the dress worn at night. Night'ed, a. darkened, clouded, black. Night'fall, 5. the beginning of night. Night'faring, a. travelling in the night. Night'fire. s. an ignis fatuus, a vapour. Night'fly, s. a moth that flies in the night. Night'-foundered, a. lost in the night. Night'gown, s. an undress, a gown. Night'-hag, s. a witch that wanders hy night. Night'ingale, s. a bird that sings at night. Night'ly, a. done or acting by night. Night'man, s. one who empties privies. Night'mare, s. a morbid oppression on the breast during sleep ; an incubus. Night'piece, s. a picture so colored as to be supposed to be seen by candlelight. Night'rail, s. a light kind of night-dress. Night'shade, s. a poisonous plant. Night'shining, a. luminous in the dark. Night'shriek, s. a cry in the night. Night'spell, s. a charm against harm or dangers by night. Night'walker, s. one who roves in the night. Night'walking, s. act of walking in sleep. Night'warbling, a. singing in the night. Night'watch, s. a period of night during which watch is kept ; a watch or guard in the night. Night'watcher, s. one who watches through the night, upon some ill design. Nigres'cent, a. growing black. Nihil'ity, s. nothingness ; non-existence. Nill, v. not to will ; to refuse, to reject. Nim, v. to steal, to filch. Nimbtf erous, a. producing storms. Nim'ble, a. quick, active, ready, lively. Nim'blefooted, a. active, nimble. Nim'bleness, s. quickness ; agility. Nim'blewitted, a. not at a loss for words. Nim'bly, ad. quickly, speedily, with agility. Nim'bus, s. a cloud : a circle of luminous rays. Nim'mer, s. a thief; a pilferer. Nin'compoop. s. a fool ; a trifler. Nine, «. denoting the number nine. Nine, s. one more than eight. Ni'nefold, a. nine times repeated. Ni'nepins, s. a play where nine pieces of ■wood are set up to be bowled down. Ni'neteen, a. nine and ten. Nineteenth, a. the ordinal of nineteen. Ni'nthly, ad. in the ninth place. Ni'netieth, a. the ordinal of ninety. Ni'nety, a. nine times ten. Nin'ny, Nin'nyhammer, s. a fool, a simple- ton, a silly fellow. Ninth, a. next in order to the eighth. Nip, v. to pinch ; to blast : s. a pinch. Nip'per, s. one who, or that which nips. Nip'perkin, s. a little cup. Nip'peTs, s. small pincers. Nij/pingly, ad. with bitter sarcasm. Nip'ple, s. a teat; a dug; an orifice. Nisi-pri'us, s. a law term for civil causes. Nit, s. the egg of a louse. Ni'tency, s. endeavour, attempt. Ni'tency, s. lustre; clear brightness. Ni'tid, a. bright, shining, luminous. Ni'trated, a. combined with nitre. Ni'tre, s. saltpetre. Ni'tric, a. having the properties of nitre. Ni'tric-a"cid, s. aquafortis. Nitrifica'tion, s. the act of forming into nitre. Ni'trify, v. to convert into nitre. Ni'trogen, s. the principle of nitre in its gaseous state ; azote. Nitroge'neous, a. producing nitre. Nitroleu'cic, s. the acid of leucine and nitre. Nitrom'eter, s. the meter to value nitre. Nitro-muriat'ic, a. partaking of nitre and muriatic or sea-salt. Ni'trous, a. impregnated with nitre. Nit'ty, a. impregnated with the eggs of lice. Ni'val, a. abounding with snow. Niv'eous, a. snowy, resembling snow. No, ad. the word of denial : a. not any. Nobil'itate, v. to ennoble. Nobilita'tion, s. the act of ennobling. Nobii'ity, s. persons of high rank; dignity. No'ble, a. illustrious, exalted, generous. No'ble, s. one of high rank ; an ancient gold coin, valued at 6*. 8d. No'bleman, s. one who is ennobled, a peer. No'bleness, s. greatness, dignity, splendor. Nobless'e, s. the body of nobility ; dignity. No'bly, ad. greatly, illustriously. No'body, s. no one, not any one. No'cent, No'cive, a. criminal, hurtful. Nock, *. a notch : v. to place in the notch. Noctambula'tion, s. the act of walkiDg in sleep ; somnambulism. Noctambu'list, s. one who walks in sleep. Noctid'ial, a. comprising a day and a night. Noctil'uca, s. a kind of phosphorus. Noctil'ucous, a. shining in the night. Noc'tuary, s. an account of night affairs. Noc'tule, s. a large species of bat. Noc'turn, s. devotion performed by night. Noetur'nal, a. nightly: s. an instrument to take the altitude of the stars about the pole ; a nocturn. Noc'uous, a. noxious ; hurtful. Nod, s. a quick declination of the head. Nod, v. to bend the head ; to be drowsy. No'dated, a. knotted. Noda'tion, *•. the state of being knotted. Nod'der, s. one who nods; a drowsy person. Nod'dle, s. the head (in contempt). Nod'dy, Noo'dle, s. a simpleton, an idiot. Node, s. a knot, a knob ; a swelling of the joints; the point in which two curves or orbits intersect each other. Nodo'se, a. having knots or knobs. Nodos'ity, s. knottiness ; complication. No'dous, a. knotty, full of knots. Nod'ular, a. formed in nodules. Nod'ule, s. a small knot or lump. Nod'uled, a. having little knots or lumps. Nog'gin. s. a small cup or mug. Noise, s. a loud sound, outcry, clamour. Noise', v. to spread by clamour. Noi'seful, a. loud ; clamorous. Noi'seless, a. without noise, silent. Noisi'ly, ad. with noise, with clamor. Noi'sincss. s. loudness of sound. NO I 183 NOT Noi'some, a. noxious, unwholesome, offensive. Noi'somely, ad. so as to be noisome. Noi'someness, s. the being noisome. Noi'sy, a. sounding loud, clamorous. Noli"tion, s. unwillingness, reluctance. Nom'ad, s. one who leads a wandering or pastoral life, like the Tartars : a. pastoral, wandering. Nomadic, a. pastoral, wandering. No'mancy, 5. divination by names. Nom'bril, s. the centre of an escutcheon. Nome, Nom'ial, s. a term in algebra. No'menclator, s. one who gives names. Nomenclature, s. a vocabulary ; a naming. Nom'inal, a. only in name, not real. Nom'inalist, s. one of a sect of scholastic philosophers ; opposed to Realist. Nominally, ad. by name, or in name only. Nom'inate, v. to name, to call ; to appoint. Nomlnately, ad. by name ; particularly. Nomina'tion, s. the act of nominating ; the power of nominating. Nominative, s. a term in grammar. Nominator, s. one that nominates. Nominee', s. a person nominated to any place or office. Nomothet'ic, Nomothetical, a. legislative. Non-ability, s. a want of ability. Non'age, s. minority in age, immaturity. Nonages'imal, a. a term in astronomy, not- ing the ninetieth degree of the ecliptic. Non'agon, s. a figure with nine sides. Non •appear'ance, s. a default in not appear- ing in a court of judicature. Non-appoint'ment, s. neglect or default of appointment. Non-attend'ance, s. want of attendance. Non-atten'tion, s. inattention. Nonce, s. a purpose, intent, design. Nonchalan'ce, s. [Fr.] coolness; indifference. Non-compli'ance, s. want of compliance. Non-comply'ing, a. refusing to comply. Non-conduc'tor, s. a substance that docs not conduct or transmit the electric fluid. Nonconform'ing, a. not conforming to or joining in the established religion. Nonconform'ist, s. one who refuses to join the established worship of the church. Nonconformity, s. a refusal of compliance. Non-conta'gious, a. not contagious. Non'descript, a. not yet described. Non'doscript, s. any thing in natural history not yet described or classed. None, a. not one, not any, not another. Non-elect', s. one not elected. Non-elec'tric, a. not electric, and therefore conducting the electric fluid.: s. a sub- stance not an electric. Nonen'tity, s. non-existence, an ideal thing. Nones, s. certain days in each month of the old Roman calendar. Non-cssen'tial, s. a thing not essential. Non-execu'tion, s. non-performance. Non-exis'tence, s. state of not existing. Non'juring, a. refusing to swear allegiance. Non'juror, s. one who, conceiving James II. unjustly deposed, refuses to swear alle- giance to his successors. Non-nat'urals, s. those things which, by acci- dent or abuse, become the causes of dis- ease, as air, diet, sleep, watching, &c. Non-observ'ance, s. failure to obserye. Nonpareil', a. having no equal ; peerless. Nonpareil', s. a small printing letter ; an apple of unequalled excellence. Non-pay'ment, s. neglect of payment. Non'plus, s. a state in which one can say or do no more : v. to puzzle, to confound. Non-produc'tion, s. a failure to produce. Non-profes'sional, a. not belonging to, or becoming a profession. Non-profi"oient, s. one failing to improve. Non-regard'ance, s. want of due regard. Non-resem'blance, s. want of resemblance. Non-res'idence, s. a failure of residence. Non-res'ident, s. one who does not reside in his proper place : a. residing elsewhere. Non-resis'tance, s. passive obedience. Non-resis'tant, s. not resisting ; unopposing. Non'sense, s. unmeaning language ; trifles. Nonsen'sical, a. unmeaning, foolish. Nonsen'sically, ad. foolishly ; ridiculously. Nonsen'sicalness, s. jargon ; absurdity. Nonsen'sitive, a. wanting sense or perception. Non-sol u'tion, s. a failure of solution. Non'suit, s. a cause lost or stopped through some legal informality, by which the plain- tiff has to pay costs. Non'suit, v. to quash a legal process. Non-u'sance, J. neglect of use. Noo'dle, s. a silly fellow ; a simpleton. Nook, s. a corner ; a narrow place. Noon, s. middle of the day : a. meridional Noon'-day, s. midday: a. pertaining to noon„ Noon'ing, s. repose or repast at noon. Noon'tide, s. mid-day: a. meridional. Noose, v. to knot : s. a running knot. Nor, covj. a negative particle. Nor'mal, a. according to square or rule. No/man, s. (north man) a native of Nor- mandy : a. relating to the people or language of Normandy. Norroy', s. (north king) one of the tbreo kings-at-arms whose jurisdiction is north of the Trent. North, s. the point opposite the sun in the meridian : a. opposite the south. North-east', s. the point between the north and east : a. between the north and east. Nor'therly, Nor'them, North'ward, a. being in or towards the north. Northing, s. distance north of the equator. North'star, j. the pole star. North'ward, a. being towards the north : ad. towards the north. Norwe'gian, s. a native of Norway : a. belong- ing to Norway. Northwest', *. the point between the north and west : a. between the north and west. Nose, s. part of the face : v. to smell. No'se-fish, j. a flat blunt-snouted fish. No'scgay, s. a posy, a bunch of flowers. No'seless, a. deprived of the nose. Nos'le, s. See Nozle. Nosological, a. relating to diseases. Nosol'ogist, *. one skilled in nosology. Nosol'ogy. s. the doctrine of diseases. Nos'tril, j. one of the apertures of the nose. Nos'trum, s. a medicine not made public , a quack medicine (literally, something of our own.) Not, ad. the particle of negation. NOT 189 NUM No'table, a. -worthy of note, memorable ; (colloquially, with the accent on the t) hustling, thrifty, as, " a not'ahle house- keeper." No'table, s. (in France under the old mon- archy) a person of rank and distinction, a noble. Ne'tabloness, s.- diligence; remarkableness. No'tably, ad. memorably ; remarkably. Nota'rial, a. taken by a notary. No'tary, s. an officer who attests writings. Nota'tion, s. the act of noting ; signification. Notch, s. a nick, a hollow cut in any thing : v. to cut in small hollows. Note, s. a mark by which any thing is known; a notice ; a short hint ; a short letter ; a short remark or commentary ; a character or symbol in music denoting a sound ; a musical sound. Note, v. to observe, to remark, to set down. No'tebook, s. a book in which notes are made or entered. No'ted, p. and a. marked, set down ; re- markable* ; eminent ; frotorious. No'tedly, ad. with observation. No'tedness, s. conspicuousness ; eminence. No'teless, a. not attracting notice. No'ter, s. he who takes notice. Notewor'thy, a. deserving notice. Noth'ing, ad. in no degree. Nothing, s. non-existence, not any thing. Noth'ingness, s. nihility ; non-existence. No'tice, s. remark, heed, information : v. to observe, to regard. No'ticeable, a. worthy of observation. Notifica'tion, s. the act of making known. No'tify, v. to declare, to make known. No'tion, s. an idea, a sentiment, opinion. No'tional, a. imaginable, ideal, visionary. Notional'ity, s. empty ungrounded opinion. No'tionally, ad. in idea only. No'tionist, s. one who holds ideal or ima- ginary opinions. Notori'ety, s. public knowledge or exposxire. Noto'rious, a. publicly known, manifest. Notoriously, ad. publicly; evidently. Notoriousness, s. state of being notorious. No'tus, [Lat.] s. the south wind. Notwithstanding, conj. nevertheless. Nought, s. nothing, not any thing. Noun, s. thcnameof any thing (in grammar.) Nour'ish, v. to support with food ; to foment. Nourlshable, a. that may be nourished. Nour'isher, s. that which nourishes. Nourishment, s. food, nutrition, support. Nou'riture. See Nurture. Nous, [Gr.] 5. mind ; understanding. Novac'ulite, s. razor-stone; Turkey-hone. Nova'tion, J. the introduction of a novelty. Nov'el, a. new ; not ancient ; unusual. Nov'el, s. a fictitious story or tale. Nov'elism, s. innovation ; a novelty. Nov'elist, s. an innovator ; a writer of novels. Nov'elize, v. to innovate ; to change. Nov'elty, J. newness; innovation. Novem'ber, s. the eleventh month of the year, (with the Romans, the ninth.) Nov'enary, s. the number nine ; nine collec- tively : a. pertaining to nine. Novcn'nial, a. done every ninth year. Nover'cal, a. pertaining to a step-mother. Novice, s. one who is new in any business } a beginner ; an unskilful person. Novi'liate, .?. the state of being a novice. Novi"tious, a. newly invented. Nov'ity, s. newness, novelty. Now, ad. at this time : s. present moment* Now'-a-days, ad. in the present age. Now'ed, a. knotted, inwreathed (heraldry.) No'where, ad. not in any place. No'wise, ad. not in any manner or degree. Nox'ious, a. hurtful, baneful, offensive. Noxiously, ad. hurtfully; perniciously. Noxiousness, s. hurtfulncss ; insalubrity. Noyeau', [Fr.] s. a rich cordial. Noz'le, Noz'zle, s. the nose ; the end. Nu'bile, a. marriageable, fit for marriage. Nu'bilous, a. cloudy, overcast. Nu'cleus, *. the kernel of a nut; any thing about which matter is gathered. Nuda'tion, 5. the act of making naked. Nude, a. bare, naked; void (in law.) Nu'dity, s. nakedness ; a naked part. Nuga"city, a', trifling talk ; futility. Nuga'tion, s. the act or practice of trifling. Nu'gatory, a. trifling, futile, ineffectual. Nui'sance, s. something noxious or offensive. Null, a. of no force ; void : s. something which has no force : v. to annul. Nullifidlan, a. of no faith ; of no religion. Nullify, v. to annul, to make void. Nullity, s. want of force or existence. Numb, a. torpid, chill, benumbing. Numb, v. to make torpid, to stupify. Num'ber, v. to count, to tell, to reckon. Num'ber, s. that which is counted or told ■ a unit ; any assemblage of units ; a great assemblage, a multitude; in grammar, one or more than oue ; pi. harmony, verse, poetry. Num'berer, s. he who numbers. Num'berless, a. that cannot be reckoned. Num'bers, s. the fourth book in the Old Testament, which begins with an account of the numbering of the people. Numb'ness, s. stupefaction, torpor. Nu'merable, a. capable of being numbered. Nu'meral, a. pertaining to number: J. a character or letter of number. Nu'merally, ad. according to number. Nu'merary, a. belonging to a number. Nu'merate, v. to reckon ; to calculate. Numeration, *. the act of numbering; the number contained. Nu'merator, s. he that numbers ; in arith- metic, that number which serves as the common measure to others. Numerical, a. denoting number ; numeral. Numerically, ad. with respect to number. Nu'merist, s. one who deals in numbers. Numeroslty, s. the state of being numerous. Nu'merous, a. containing many. Nu'merously, ad. in great numbers. Nu'merousness, s. the being numerous. Numismatic, Numismatlcal, a. relating to the science of coins and medals. Numismatics, s. pi. the science which treats of coins and medals. Numismatol'ogy, s. atreatiseon numismatics. Num'mary, a. relating to money. Num'mulite, s. a fossil shell of a flattened form, formerly mistaken for money. HUM 190 OBL Iftumps, s. a weak foolish person, a dolt. Num'skull, s. a dunce, a dolt, a blockhead. Num'skulled, a. dull, stupid, doltish. Nun, s. a female devoted to a religious life and secluded in a nunnery. Nun'chion, s. food eaten between meals. Nun'ciature, s. the office of a nuncio. Nun'cio, s. an envoy from the pope. Nun'cupate, v. to declare publicly. Nuncupation, s. the act of naming. Nuncupative, Nun'cupatory, a. declaring publicly or solemnly; verbally pronounced. Nun'dinal, a. pertaining to a market day. Nun'nery, s. a convent of nuns. Nup'tia), a. pertaining to marriage. Nup'tials, s. marriage or wedding. Nurse, s. a woman who has the care of an- other's child, or of sick persons. Nurse, v. to bring up a child, to feed. Nur'ser, s. a promoter ; a fomenter. Nur'sery, s. a place where children are nursed and brought up ; a plot of ground for raising young trees. Nurs'ling, s. one that is nursed, an infant. Nur'ture, s. food, diet ; education. Nur'ture, v . to feed ; to bring up ; to educate. Nus'tle. See Nuzzle. Nut, s. a fruit consisting of a kernel covered by a hard shell ; a small knob with inden- tures answering to the teeth of wheels. Nut, v. to gather nuts. Nuta'tion, s. a nodding ; a kind of tremulous motion of the axis of the earth. Nut'brown, a. brown like a nut long kept. Nut'crackers, s. an instrument used to break nuts by pressure. Nut'gall, s. the excrescence of an oak. Nut'hatch, Nut'jobber, Nut'pecker, s. a bird. Nut'hook, s. a stick with a hook at the end for pulling down the boughs of nut-trees. Nut'meg, s. a kind of aromatic nut. Nutrica'tion, s. the manner of feeding. Nu'trient, s. any substance that nourishes : a. nourishing, alimental. Nu'trimcnt, s. nourishment, food, aliment. Nutrimen'tal, a. nourishing, alimental. Nutri"tion, s. the act or process of nourish- ing ; nutriment. Nutri"tious, Nu'tritive, a. nourishing. Nu'triture, s. the power of nourishing. Nut'sholl, s. the shell of a nut ; small com- pass ; of little or no value. Nut'tree, s. a tree that bears nuts ; a hazle. Nuz'zle, v. to hide the (nose or) head, as a child doe3 in its mother's bosom ; to nestle. Nyc'talopy, s. a disease of the eye, in which one sees better by night than by day. Nye, s. a brood, as of pheasants. Nymph, 5. a goddess of the woods, meadows, or waters ; in poetic style, a lady. Nymph'a, s. the chrysalis of insects. Nymph'al, Nymphe'an, Nymph'like, a. re- sembling or relating to a nymph. Nymph'ish, a. relating to nymphs ; ladylike. 0. O is used to denote an exclamation. Oaf, j. a changeling ; a foolish fellow. Oafish, a. dull, stupid, doltish. Oaf'ishness, s. stupidity, dulness. Oak, s. a tree, and the wood of it. Oak'apple, s. a spungy excrescence in oaks. Oak'en, a. made of oak. Oak'ling, s. a young oak. Oak'um, s. loose hemp obtained by untwist- ing old ropes. Oak'y, a. hard as oak ; firm, strong. Oar, s. an instrument to row with: v. to row, to impel by rowing. O'asis, s. a fertile spot in a desert. Oast, s. a kiln to dry hops or malt. Oat'cake, s. a cake made of oatmeal. Oat'en, a. made of, or bearing oats. Oath, s. a solemn affirmation made with an appeal to God for its truth. Oath'able, a. fit to be sworn. Oath'breaking, j. perjury. Oat'malt, s. malt made of oats. Oat 'meal, s. flour made by grinding oats. Oats, s. a grain generally given to horses. Obambula'tion, s. the act of walking about. Obdornii"tion, s. sleep, rest, repose. Obdu'ce, v. to draw over as a covering. Obduc'tion, s. a covering or overlaying. Ob'duracy, s. stubbornness ; impenitence. Ob'durate, a. hard-hearted, impenitent : v to harden ; to make obdurate. Ob'durately, ad. inflexibly, stubbornly. Ob'durateness, Obdu'redness, s. hardness of heart; stubbornness. Obdura'tion, s. act of making obdurate ; the state of being obdurate, obduracy. Obe'dience, s. submission, obsequiousness. Obe'dient, a. submissive to authority. Obedien'tial, a. pertaining to obedience Obe'diently, ad. with obedience. Obe'isance, s. an act of reverence ; a bow. Obelis'cal, a. in form of an obelisk. Ob'elisk, s. a kind of pyramid of marble or stone ; a mark for reference thus (f). Obe'se, a. fat, corpulent. Obe'seness, Obes'ity, s. morbid facness. Obey', v. to comply with commands, to yield submission to ; to observe ; to do. Obey'er, s. one who yields obedience. Obfus'cate, v. to darken ; to obscure. Obfusca'tion, j. the act of darkening. O'bit, s. funeral obsequies ; death. Obit'ual, a. pertaining to funeral rites. Obit'uary, s. a register or account of deaths. O'oject', v. to urg;' against ; to oppose. Ob'ject, s. that which is thrown in our way ; that which we have in view ; an end or purpose. Object'ablo. See Objectionable. Ob'ject-glass, s. the glass of a telescope or microscope which is nearest the object. Objection, s. that which is offered in opposi- tion ; an adverse argument ; a fault found. Objec'tionable, a. liable to objection. Objec'tive, a. relating to the object ; in grammar, the case which follows a transi- tive verb, or a preposition. Objectively, ad. in an objective manner. Objec'tiveness, s. the state of being an object. Objec'tor, s. one who objects or opposes. Objur'gate, v. to chide, rebuke, reprove. Objurga'tion, s. the act of chiding ; reproof. Objur'gatory, a. chiding, reprehensive. Obla'te, s. flattened at the poles. Oblate'ncss, s. the state of being oblate, Obla'tion, s. an offering, a sacrifice. OBL 191 OCC Oblecta'tion, s. recreation, delight. Obligate, v. to bind by contract or duty. Obligation, s. engagement, contract, bond ; a form by which one is bound. Obliga'to, [Ital.] a. a musical term, signify- ing on purpose for the instrument named. Obligatory, a. binding, imposing obligation. Obli'ge, v. to bind, to constrain ; to bind by a favor, to gratify. Obligee', s. one bound by a contract. Obli'ger, s. one that obliges. Obliging, a. ready to do a favor ; kind. Obli'gingiy, ad. civilly; complacently. Obli'gingness, s. civility ; complaisance. Obligor', s. he that gives his bond to another. Obliqua'tion, s. obliquity. Obli'que, a. not perpendicular ; not direct. Obli'quel^ ad. in an oblique manner. Obli'queness, s. obliquity. Obliq'uity, s. deviation from a straight line ; deviation from moral rectitude. Oblit'erate, v. to efface, to destroy. Oblitera'tion, s. the act of effacing. Obliv'ion, s. forgetfulness ; amnesty. Obliv'ial, Obliv'ious, a. causing forgetfulness. Ob'long, a. longer than broad. Ob'long, s. a figure longer than broad. Ob'longness, s. state of being oblong. Oblong-ovate, a. between oblong and oval. Obloq'uious, a. reproachful ; slanderous. Ob'loquy, s. reproach, blame, slander. Oblucta'tion, s. the act of struggling against. Obmutes'cence, s. loss of speech, silence. Obnox'ious, a. offensive ; liable ; exposed. Obnoxiously, ad. in an offensive manner. Obnox'iousness, s. offensiveness ; liableness. Obnu'bil ate, v. to cloud, to obscure. Obnubila'tion, s. the act of making obscure. O'boe, s. a wind instrument ; the hautboy. Ob'ole, s. in pharmacy, twelve grains. Ol/olus, s a silver coin of Athens, value ljd. Obrep'tion, s. creeping on secretly. Obrepti"tious, a. secretly done or obtained. Obsce'nc, a. immodest, lewd, disgusting. Obsce'nely, ad. in an immodest manner. Obscen'ity, s. lewdness, unchastity. Obscura'tion, s. the act of darkening. Obscu're, a. dark, gloomy ; abstruse, diiTi- cult : v. to darken ; to perplex. Obseu'rely, ad- darkly, not clearly. Obscu'rencss, Obscu'rity, s. darkness, want of light ; unnoticed state, privacy. Ob'secrate, 'j. to beseech, to entreat. Obsecra'tion, a - , a supplication, an entreaty. Ob'scquent, a. following close ; obedient. Obsequies, s. funeral solemnities. Obse'quious, a. compliant; obedient. Obse'quiously, ad. obediently, complyingly. Obse'quiousness, s. obedience, compliance. Observable, a. that may be observed ; worthy of being observed ; remarkable. Observably, ad. in a manner worthy of note. Obser'vance, s. respect ; attention ; a rite. Observan'da, [Lat.] s. things to be observed. Obser'vant, a. attentive, diligent, watchful. Observation, s. a noting, a remark, a note. Observa'tor, Obser'ver, s. a remarker. Obser'vatory, s. a place or building for mak- ing astronomical observations. Obser've, v. to watch, note, regard, obey. Ubser'ver, s. one that observes. Observ'ingly, ad. attentively, carefully. Obses'sion, s. the act of besieging. Obsid'ional, a. belonging to a siege. Obsig'nate, v. to ratify ; to seal up. Obsignation, s. ratification by sealing. Obsig'natory, a. ratifying, confirming. Obsoles'cence, 5. the state of being obsolete. Obsoles'cent, a. growing out of use. Ob'solete, a. disused, grown out of use. Ob'soleteness, s. state of being obsolete. Ob'stacle, s. a let, hinderance, obstruction. Ob'stancy, s. opposition ; impediment. Obstet'ric, a. pertaining to midwifery. Obstet'ricate, v. to assist as a midwife. Obstetrica'tion, s. act of obstetricating. Obstet'rics, s.pl. the science of midwifery. Ob'stinacy, s. stubbornness, persistency Ob'stinate, a. stubborn, contumacious; fixed. Ob'stinately, ad. stubbornly, resolutely. Ob'stinateness, s. stubbornness, pertinacity. Obstipa'tion, s. act of stopping chinks, &c. Obstrep'erous, a. noisy, loud, vociferous. Obstrep'erously, ad. clamorously ; noisily. Obstrep'erousness, s. noise ; turbulence Obstric'tion, s. an obligation, a bond. Obstruct', v. to hinder, block up, bar. Obstructor, s. one that hinders or opposes. Obstruction, s. a hinderance, an obstacle. Obstructive, «. hindering: s.an impediment. Ob'struent, a. blocking up, hindering. Ob'struent, s. that which obstructs the natu- ral passages through the body. Obstupefac'tion, s. act of inducing stupidity. Obstupefac'tive, a. stupifying. Obtain', v. to gain, to acquire ; to prevail Obtainable, a. that may be obtained. Obtain'er, s. he who obtains. Obtain'ment, s. the act of obtaining. Obtend', v. to oppose ; to pretend ; to offer. Obtenebra'tion, s. darkness ; a making dark. Gbten'sion, s. the act of obtending. Obtest', v. to beseech, to supplicate. Obtesta'tion, s. supplication, entreaty. Obtrecta'tion, s. slander, detraction. Obtri"tion, s. the wearing away by friction. Obtru'do, v. to thrust into a place by force, to offer with unreasonable importunity. Obtru'der, s. one who obtrudes. Obtrun'cate, v. to deprive of a limb ; to lop. Obtrunca'tion, s. the act of lopping off. Obtiu'sion, s. forcing in or upon. Obtru'sive, a. inclined to obtrude on others. Obtru'sively, ad. by way of obtrusion. Obtund', v. to blunt ; to deaden. Obtura'tion, s. a stopping by smearing over. Ob'turator, s. a muscle of the thigh. Obtu'se, a. not acute ; dull, stupid. Obtu'sely, ad. without a point, dully. Obtu'seness, s. bluntness, stupidity, dulness. Obtu'sion, s. the act of making obtuse. Obumbra'tion, s. the act of darkening. Ob' verse, s. the face of a coin. Obvert', v. to turn with the face towards. Ob'viate, v. to prevent, to hinder, to oppose. Ob'vious, a. easily discovered, plain, open. Ob'viously, ad. evidently, plainly. Ob'viousness, s. tho state of being obvious. Occa'sion, s. an occurrence, an incident ; a casualty ; an opportunity ; accidental cause. Occa'sion, v. to cause, to produce. Occa'sionablc, a. that may bo occasioned. occ 192 OFF Occassional, a. incidental, casual. Occasionally, ad. casually, incidentally. Occa'sioner, s. one that causes or produces. Occa'sive, a. falling : descending as the sun. Oececa'tion, s. the act of making blind. Oc'cident, s. the west : a. western. Occiden'tal, Occid'uous, a. western. Oc'ciput, s. the hinder part of the head. Occis'ion, s. the act of killing. Occlu'de, v. to shut in or up. Occlu'se, a. shut up, closed. Occlu'sion, s. the act of shutting up. Occult', a. unknown, hidden, secret. Occulta'tion, s. a hiding ; particularly of a star by the interposition of the moon or a planet. Occult'ness, s. state of being occult. Oc'cupancy, .?. the act of taking possession : a holding or keeping. Oc'cupant, s. he that takes or holds posses- sion of any thing. Oc'cupate, v. to possess, to hold; to take up. Occupa'tion, s. a taking possession ; business ; a trade or calling. Oc'eupier, s. a possessor ; one who occupies. Oc'cupy, v. to possess ; to employ ; to use. Occur', v. to happen ; to come into the mind. Occurrence, s. an incident ; a casual event. Occur'sion, s. a clash, a mutual blow. O'cean, s. the main ; the great sea ; any im- mense expanse : a. pertaining to the main or great sea. Oceanic, a. pertaining to the ocean. Ocel'lated, a. resembling a little eye. Ochlocracy, s. government by the mob. O'chre, j. a kind of yellowish clay. O'chreous, O'chrey, a. consisting of ochre. Oc'tachord, s. an instrument of eight sounds. Oc'tagon, s. a figure of eight sides and angles. Octagonal, a. having eight angles and sides. Octahe'dral, a. having eight equal sides. Octahe'drite, s. pyramidical ore of titanium. Octahe'dron, s. a solid having eight bases, each of which is an equilateral triangle. Octan'drian, a. having eight stamens. Octan'gular, a. having eight angles. Oc'tant, a. the eighth part of a circle. Oc'tave, s. the eighth day after some festival ; the interval of an eighth in music. Oc'tave, a. denoting eight. Octa'vo, s. a sheet folded into eight leaves. Octen'nial, a. happening every eighth year. Octo'ber, s. the tenth month of the year. Octode"cimal, s. a crystal whose middle has eight faces, and whose summits have ten. Octoden'tate, a. having eight teeth. Octogena'rian, s. one eighty years old. Octog'onary, a. of eighty years of age. Oc'tonary, a. belonging to the number eight. Octonoc'ular, a. having eight eyes. Octopet'alous, a. having eight fiower-1 eaves. Octora'diated, a. having eight rays. Octosperm'ous, a. containing eight seeds. Oc'tostyle, s. a range of eight columns. Octosyllable, a. consisting of eight syllables. Oc'tuple, a. eight fold. Oc'uJar, a. pertaining to the eye. Oc'ularly, ad. by the eye or sight. Oc'ulist,' s. one skilled in diseases of the eye. Odd, a. nit even ; particular, strange. Od'dity, s. singularity, particularity. Oad'ly, ad. not evenly ; strangely, unusually, unaccountably. Odd'ness, j. particularity, strangeness. Odds, s. inequality; more than an even wa- ger; advantage; superiority; quarrel. Ode, s. a poem to be sung to music. O'dious, a. hateful, detestable, abominable. O'diously, ad. hatefully, abominably. O'diousness, s. hatcfulnessr O'dium, s. hatred, invidiousness, blame. Odontal'gia, s. the tooth-ache. Odontalgic, a. pertaining to the tooth-ache : s. a remedy for the tooth-ache. I O'dorament, s. a perfume ; any strong scent. - Odoriferous, a. giving odour, fragrant. Odorif 'erousness. .?. fragrance. O'dorous, a. fragrant, perfumed. O'dour, s. scent, good or bad ; fragrance. CEeumen'ical, a. general, universal. OZde'ma, s. a tumor, a swelling. GEdemat'ic, (Edem'atous, a. pertaining to an cedema or tumor, ffiil'iad, 5. a wink, a glance of the eye. O'er. ad. contracted from Over. CEsoph'agus, s. the gullet; the canal through which the food passes. Of, prep, proceeding from ; from ; belonging to; concerning. Off, ad. away from, separated from : prep. not on ; distant from : a. as, the off side ; int. away ! Offal, s. waste meat (that which falls off) ; refuse ; garbage. Offen'ce, s. attack ; transgression ; injury ; displeasure given ; anger. Offen'ceful, a. giving displeasure ; injurious, Offence'less, a. unoffending, innocent. Offend', v. to make angry, injure, attack. Offend'er, s. one who commits an offence. Offen'sive, a. giving offence ; hurtful. Offen'sively, lid. displeasingly, injuriously. Offen'sivcness. s. injuriousness, mischief. Offer, v. to present ; to propose ; to bid as a price ; to attempt ; to sacrifice : s. a proposal; price bid. Of ferable, a. that may be offered. Offerer, s. one that offers. Offering, s. a sacrifice or oblation. Offertory, s. that portion of the church service which is chanted or read while the alms are collected. Office, s. public employment ; agency ; duty ; business ; a place of business ; an act of worship ; a formulary of devotion. Officer, s. a commander ; a person in office. Officer, v. to furnish with officers. Officered, a. supplied with officers. I Offi"cial, a. pertaining to an office ; done by authority : s. one who holds an office. : Offi'cially, ad. by authority. | Offi/'cialty, s. thd charge of an official. j Offi"ciate, v. to perform the duties of au office ; to perform an office for another. ! Officinal, a. used in or relating to shojis. ! Offi"cious, a. busy ; intermeddling. Offi"ciously, ad. in an officious manner. Offi"ciousness, s. unasked service. Offing, s. that part of the sea which is a good way off the shore. Off-scour'ing, s. the refuse, the dross. Offset, s. a sprout ; the shoot of a plant I, OFF 193 001, Offspring, s. children; descendants; pro- duction of any kind. Offus'eate. See Obfuscate. Offusca tion. See Obfuscation. Off 'ward, ad. leaning or keeping off. Oft, Often, Oftentimes, Oft'times, ad. fre- quently, many times, not rarely. Ogee', s. a sort of moulding in architecture. Og'ham, s. a secret way of writing used by the ancient Irish. O'gle, v. to view with side glances. O'gle, 5. a side glance ; a leer. O'gler, s. one who ogles. O'gling, s. a viewing slvly or obliquely. O'glio. See Olio. O'grc, O'gr ess, s. imaginary monsters of the East, male and female. Oh ! int. denoting pain, sorrow, or surprise. Oil, s. unctuous or greasy matter expressed from animal or vegetable substances. Oil, v. to smear or anoint with oil. Oil'cloth, j. painted cloth to cover floors. Oil'eolor, s. color made by grinding colored substances in oil. Oil'-gas, s. inflammable gas from oil. Oil'iness, s. unetuousness, greasincss. Oil'man, s. one who sells oils, pickles, &c. Oil'shop, *. a .shop where oils, &c. are sold. Oil'y, a. consisting of oil ; unctuous, greasy. Oint'ment, s. an unguent; a salve. Old, Old'cn, a. not new; ancient; long used. Oldfash'ioned, a. obsolete, out of fashion. Oid'ish, a. somewhat old. Old'ncss, s. state of being old ; old age. 01oa"ginous, a. oily. 01ea"gi»ousness, s. oilincss. Olean'dcr, s. a kind of shrub. Oleas'ter, s. the wild olive plant. Oleosaccharum, s. a mixture of oil and sugar. Ole'ose, O'leous, a. oily. Olera'coous, a. pertaining to pot-herbs. Olfae'tory, a. having the sense of smelling. Ol'igarch, s. one of a small number who have the supreme power. Oligarchical, a. pertaining to an oligarchy. Oligarchy, s. a form of government which places the supreme power in the hands of a few ; an aristocracy. O'lio. s. a dish of mixed meats ; a medley. Qliva'eeous, a. of the color of olive. Olivas'ter, a. olive-color ; darkly brown. Ol'ive, s. a plant or tree; the fruit of the tree ; the emblem of peace. Ol'ived, a. decorated with olive-trees. Olym'piad, *. a period of four years, a mode of computing time among the Greeks ; so named from the games celebrated every fourth year in honor of Jupiter Olympus. Olym'pian, a. pertaining to Olympus. Om'bre, s. a game at cards played by three. O'mcga, .9. the last letter of the Greek al- phabet, literally the great or long o. Om'elct, s. a pancake made with eggs. O'men, s. a good or bad sign, a prognosl!". O'mened, a. containing prognostics. Omcn'tum, s. the caul or double membrane which covers the bowels. O'mer, sail ebrew measure, containing about three pints and a half English. Om'inate, v. to foretoken. Oni'inous, a. foreshowing ill, inauspicious. Om'inously, ad. with good or bad omen. Om'inousness, s.the quality of being ominous. Omis'sible, a. that may be omitted. Omis'sion, s. a neglect of duty ; a leaving out something ; neglect. Omis'sive, a. leaving out. Omit', v. to leave out ; to neglect. Omit'tance, s. neglect ; forbearance. Om'nibus, s. (that which is for all), a name given to a public vehicle which carries a large number of passengers at a cheap rate. Omnifa'rious, a. of all kinds and sorts. j Omniferous, a. all-bearing ; all-producing : Omnific, a. all-creating. [ Om'niform, a. having every shape. Omniform'ity, s. the quality of possessing every form or shape. | Omni"genous, a. consisting of all kinds. Omniparity, s general equality. Omnipercip'ience, Omnipercip'iency, s. per- ception of every thing. Omnipercip'ient, a. perceiving every thing. Omnipotence, Omnip'otency, s. Almighty power, unlimited power. Omnip'otent,.?. the Almighty: a. all-powerful. Omnip'otently,arf. powerfully, without limit. Omnipres'ence, s. the quality of being every where present ; ubiquity. Omnipres'ent, a. present in every place. Omnipresen'tial, a. implying omnipresence. Omnis'cicnce, 5. infinite knowledge. Omnis'cient, a. infinitely wise, all-knowing. Om'nium, s. the aggregate of stocks in the public funds. Omniv'orous, a. all-devouring. Omphal'ic, a. pertaining to the navel. On, prep upon, at : ad. forward, not off: int. a word of incitement to lead on. On'ager, s. the wild ass. Once. See Ounce. Once, ad. at one time ; formerly. One, a. one of two, single, individual : *. a single person or thing. One'eyed, a. having only one eye. Oneirocrit'ics, s. interpretation of dreams. Cnei'romancy, s. divination by dreams. One'ncss, 5. the state of being one ; unity. On'erary, a. fitted for burdens. On'eratc, v. to load, to burden. Onera'tion, s. the act of burdening. On'erous, a. burdensome, oppressive. On'ion, 5. a plant with a bulbous root. O'nly, a. single ; one and no more : alone : ad. singly, simply ; merely, barely. On'omancy, s. divination by names. Onomatopee'ia, s. a rhetorical figure in which the sound of the word corresponds with the thing signified. On'set, s. an attack ; the beginning. On'slausht, *. ia slaying straight on) an at- tack, an assault. Ontol'ogy, s. the doctrine or science of beings or ideas in general ; metaphysics. O'nus probandi, [Lat.]s. the burden of proof. On'ward, a. advanced, increased ; direct. On'ward, On'wards, ad. forward, farther. On'ycha, s. the shell of the onyx. O'nyx, s. a semi-pellucid gem with variously colored veins. O'olite, s. a fine kind of limestone, of which the Portland stone is a species. K ooz 194 ORA Ooze, s. soft mud, slime ; a soft flowing. Ooze, v. to drain through ; to run gcntiy. Oo'zy, a. miry, muddy, slimy. Opa'cate, v. to shade, to cloud, to darken. Opa"city, s. want of transparency. Opa'cous, Opa'que, a. dark, not transparent. Opa'consness, Opa'keness, Opa'queness, s. the state of being opaque. O'pal, s. a beautiful gem of a milky hue. Opales'cent, a. resembling opal. Ope, v. to open. (Obsolete.) O'pen. v. to unclose, unlock ; divide; begin. O'pen, a. unclosed, plain, clear, exposed. O'pener, s. one that opens ; an explainer. Open-ey'ed, a. watchful, vigilant. Open-hand'cd, a. generous, liberal. Open-heart'ed, a. generous, candid. Open-heart'eclness, s. frankness, liberality. O'pen ing, s. a breach, an aperture. O'penly, ad. publicly, plainly. O'pen-mouthed, a. greedy, clamorous. O'penness. 5. plainness ; clearness. Op'era. s. a musical drama. Op'erable, a. that can be done ; practicable. Op'erant, a. able to produce effects. Op'erate, v. to act ; to produce effects. Operat icai, a. relating to an opera. Operation, s. agency, influence, action. Op'crative, s. a workman, an artisan. Op'erative, a. having the power of acting •, active, vigorous, efficacious. Op'erator, s. one that performs any act of the hand ; one who produces any effect. Oper 'culate, a. having a lid or cover. Oper'culuni, s. a cover ; a lid. Opero'se, a. laborious ; full of trouble. Opero'seness, s. the state of being operose. Operos'ity, s. action, operation. Operta'neous, a. secret, done in secret. Ophid'ian, a. pertaining to serpents. Ophid'ion, s. an eel-like sea fish. Ophiol'ogy, s. a treatise on serpents. Oph'iomancy, s. divination by serpents. Ophiu'chus, s. Serpentarius, a northern con- stellation. Ophioph'agous, a. feeding on serpents. Ophites, s. a stone resembling a serpent. Ophthal'mia, s. a disease of the eyes. Ophthal'mic, a. relating to the eye. O'piate, s. a medicine that causes sleep; any thing that quiets : a. soporific. Opif'icer, s. one who performs any work. Opi'nable, a. that may be opined. O'pine, v. to think ; to be of opinion. Opi'ner, s. one who holds an opinion. Opin'iate, v. to maintain obstinately. Opin'iative, a. obstinate in opinion. Opin'iativencss, s. inflexibility of opinion. Opin'ion, s. judgment ; notion ; sentiment. Opin'ionate, Opinionated, Opin'ionative, a. obstinate ; inflexible in opinion. Opin'ionatcly, ad. obstinately ; conceitedly. Opin'ionativcly, ad. obstinately. Opin'ionativeness, s. obstinacy in opinion. Opin'ioned, a. attached to one's own opinions. Opin'iunist, s. one fond of his own notions. Opitula'tion, s. an aiding, a helping. O'pium, s. the juice of Turkish poppies. O'plc-trec, s. the witch-hazel. Opobal'sam, s. the balm of Gilead. Opodel'doc, s. a popular ointment. Opos'sum, s. an American animal that 11.13 a skin or bag in which it carries its young. Op'pidan, s. a townsman ; an inhabitant of a town : a. relating to a town. Oppig'nerate, v. to pledge, to pawn. Oppila'tion, s. an obstruction or stoppage. Oppo'nency, s. the proposition of objections to any tenet in an academical disputation. Oppo'nent, a. opposite, adverse. Oppo'nent, 5. an adversary, an antagonist. Opportu'ne, a. seasonable, convenient, fit. Opportunely, ad. seasonably ; conveniently. Opportuneness, s. fitness as to time. Opportunity, s. fitness of place or time ; convenience, suitableness. Oppo'se, v. to act against, to object, to resist. Oppo'scless, a. irresistible, not to be opposed. Oppo'ser, s. one that opposes ; an antagonist. Op'posite, a. placed in front ; adverse. Op'posite, s. an adversary ; an antagonist. Op'positely, ad. in front ; adversely. Op'positencss, s. the state of being opposite. Opposition, s. the being placed against ; contrariety, contradiction ; hostile resis- tance ; the political party that oppose the ministry. Oppos'itive, a. capable of opposing. Oppress', v. to crush by hardship or severity; to tyrannize over. Oppres'sion, s. cruelty, severity. Oppressive, a. cruel, inhuman ; tyrannical. Oppres'sively, ad. in an oppressive manner. Oppres siveness. s. the being oppressive. Oppres'sor, s. one who oppresses others. Oppro'brious, a. reproachful, disgraceful. Oppro'briously, ad. reproachfully. Oppro'briousness, s. scurrility, abuse. Oppro'brium, s. reproach, infamy. Oppu'gn, v. to oppose, to attack, to refute. Oppug'nancy, s. opposition, resistance. Oppu'gner, s. one who opposes or attacks. Opsim'athy, s. education begun late. Op'tative, a. expressive of desire or wish. Op'tic, a. visual, relating to vision. Op'tic, s. an instrument or organ of sight. Op'tical, a. relating to the science of optics. Optfcian, s. one skilled in optics. Op'tics, s. the science of vision. Op'timacy, s. nobility, the body of nobles. Optimism, s. the doctrine that every thing in nature is ordered for the best. Op'timist, s. a believer in optimism. Op'tion, s. a choice, power of choosing. Optional, a. left to wish or choice. Op'ulence, Op'ulency, s. wealth, affluence. Op'ulent, a. rich, wealthy, affluent. Op'ulcntly, ad. richly, with abundance. Opus'oule, s. a small work. Or, s. gold (in heraldry.) Or, conj. denoting distribution, and fre- quently corresponding to either. Or, ad. before, as "or ever." Or'acle, s. something delivered by superna- tural wisdom ; one famed for wisdom. I Or'acle, v. to utter oracles. I Orac'ular, Orac'ulous, a. uttering oracles. I Orac'ularly, Orac'ulously, ad. in the manner of an oracle ; authoritatively. 1 Orac'ulousness, s. the being oracular. ! O'ral, a. delivered verbally ; not written. O'rally, ad. by mouth ; without writing. OEA U5 OEN Or'ange, s. the fruit of the orange-tree. Orangea'de, s. sherbet, an agreeable liquor. Or'ange-niusk, s. a species of pear. Or'ange-peel, s. the rind of an orange. Or'angery, s. a plantation of orange trees. Or'ange-tawney, a. a color between yellow and brown. Orang-ou'tang, s. a large species of ape re- markably approaching the human form. Ora'tion, 5. a public discourse or speech. Or'ator, s. an eloquent public speaker. Orato'rial, a. relating to an oratorio. Orator'ieal, a. rhetorical ; befitting an orator. Orator'ically, ad. rhetorically. Orato'rio, ,v. a sacred musical drama. Oratory, s. rhetorical skill ; eloquence. Oratress, Or'atrix, s. an eloquent woman. Orb, s- an orbicular or circular body ; a sphere ; a circle ; a circle or revolution of time ; the eye : v. to form into a circle. Ornate, a. childless ; fatherless ; poor. Orba'tion, s. the act of bereavement. Orb'ed, a. circular ; formed in a circle. . Or'bic, Orbic'ular, a. spherical, circular. Orbic'uiarly, ad. spherically, circularly. Orbic'ularness, 5. state of being orbicular. Orbic'ulate, a. moulded into an orb. Orbicula'tion, s. state of being orbed. Orb'it, s. the path in which a planet moves. Orb'ital, Orbit'ual, a. pertaining to an orbit. Orb'itudc, Orb'ity, s. bereavement of parents or of children. Orb'y, a. resembling an orb. Ore, s. a sea- fish, a species of whale. Orchard, s. a garden of fruit-trees. Or'chestra, Or'chestre, s. a gallery or place for musicians to play in. Or'chestral, a. pertaining to an orchestra. Or'chis, s. a plant, the flowers of which have some resemblance to insects. Ordain', v. to appoint ; to decree ; to estab- lish; to invest with holy orders. Ordain'able, a. that may be ordained. Ordain'er, s. he who ordains. Or'deal, s. an ancient form of trial by fire or water ; a severe trial. Or'der, s. regular disposition or arrangement ; method; a mandate, a precept; a class ; a society ; a system of architecture. Or'der, v. to regulate, command, ordain. Or'derer, s. one who orders or regulates. Or'dering, s. disposition ; distribution. Or'derless, a. disorderly; out of rule. Orderliness, s. regularity ; methodicalness. Orderly, a. methodical, regular. Orders, s. admission to the priesthood. Or'dinable, a. that may be appointed. Ordinabil'ity, s. the being ordinable. Ordinal, a. noting order : s. a ritual. Or'dinancc, s. a decree, a law or rule. O/dinant, a. ordaining ; decreeing. Ordinarily, ad. commonly ; usually. Or'dinary, a. common, usual ; mean ; ugly. Ordinary, s. the established judge of an ecclesiastical court ; a stated or regular chaplain ; an eating-house wherein meals are given at an ordinary or regular price. Or'dinate, s. a line in mathematics. Or'dinate, a. methodical : v. to appoint. Or'dinatcly, ad. in a regular manner. Ordina'tion, s. the act of ordaining. Or'dinative, a. directing ; giving orders. Ord'nance, s. cannon, heavy artillery. Or'donnance, *. disposition of figures in a picture ; disposition in any work of art. Or'dure, s. animal dung, filth. Ore, s. metal yet in its mineral state. O'rea.d, s. a nymph of the mountains. Or'gan, s. an instrument, especially a natural instrument ; a musical instrument. Or'gan -builder, .?. a constructor of organs. Organ'ic, Organ'ical, a. instrumental ; pro- duced by or relating to organs. OrgaVicaliy, ad. by means of organs. Organ'icalness, s. state of being organic&l. Organism, s. organieal structure. Organist, s. one who plays on the organ. Orgnniza'tion, s. the act of organizing ; a due construction of parts or organs. Or'ganize, v. to form organically. Or'gan-loft, s. the loft where the organ standa Or'gan-pipe, s. the pipe of a musical organ. Or'gan-stop, s. the stop of an organ. Or'gasm, s. a sudden or spasmodic excitement Or'gies, s. frantic revels ; rites of Bacchus. Orgil'lous, a. proud, haughty, lofty. Or'ichalch, s. a sort of brass. O'riency, ,?. brightness of color. O'rient, a. rising as the sun ; eastern ; bright ; S. the part where the sun rises ; the east. Orien'tal, .?. eastern, placed in the east : J. an inhabitant of the east. Orien'talism, s. an eastern mode of speech. Orien'talist, s. a native of the East ; one skilled in oriental literature. Orier.tal'ity, s. state of being oriental. Orifice, s. an opening or perforation. Orifiamb, J. a golden standard; the ancient royal standard of France. Or'igan, s. wild marjoram. Or'igin, s. beginning, source, descent. Ori"ginal, a. first, primitive ; s. origin, the beginning ; first copy, archetype. Original'ity, s. the being original. Ori"ginally. ad. primarily, at first. Ori"ginalness, s. originality. Ori"ginary, a. productive, primitive. Ori"ginate, v. to give origin to. Origination, s. the act of originating. Oril'lon, s. a term in fortification. Ori'on, s. a conspicuous constellation. Or'ison,*. a prayer: oral worship. Or'lop, s. a platform in the hold of a ship. Or-molu', [Fr.] s. a mixed metal resembling gold ; water-gold. Or'nament, s. decoration, embellishment. Ornament, v. to adorn, to embellish. Ornamcn'tal, a. giving embellishment. Ornamen'tallyjfld. in an ornamental manner. Or'namented, a. embellished, decorated. Or'nate, a. decorated, adorned : v. to adorn. Or'nately, ad. with decoration. Or'nateness, s. state of being adorned. Or'nature, .5. decoration ; embellishment. Ornis'copist, s. one who pretends to foretell events by the appearances of birds. Ornitholo"gical, a. relating to the natural history of birds. Ornitholo'gist, s. one versed in the natural history of birds ; a describer of birds. Ornithoi'ogy, s. that part of natural history which treats of birds. K2 ORN 196 OUT Or'nithoniancy, 5. divination by birds. Orol'ogy, j. a treatise on mountains. Or'phan, s. a child bereaved of father or mother, or both : a. bereft of parents. Or'phanage, Or'phanism, s. state of an orphan. Or'phaned, a. bereft of parents. Orphanot'rophy, s. an hospital for orphans. Or'phean. Or'phic, a. pertaining to Orpheus. Or'piment. s. a mineral, yellow arsenic. Or'rery, s. an instrument which represents the revolutions of the heavenly bodies. Or'ris. s. a kind of gold fringe ; a flower. Or'thodox, a. sound in religious opinion and doctrine ; not heterodox. Or'thodoxly, ad. with soundness of opinion. Or'thodoxy, s. soundness in doctrine, &c. Orthodromics, Or'thodromy, s. the art of sailing in a straight course. Orthoep'ical, a. pertaining to orthoepy. Ortho'epist, s. a teacher of orthoepy. Ortho'cpy, s. correct pronunciation of words. Or'thogon, s. a rectangled figure. Orthog'onal, a. having right angles. Orthog'rapher, s. a correct speller. Orthographic, Orthographical, a. pertain- ing to orthography ; delineated according to the elevation ; (a delineation of the sphere on a plane that cuts it in the mid- dle is called an orthographic projection.) Orthographical ly, ad. according to the rules of spelling; according to the elevation. Orthography, s. the part of grammar which teaches how words should be spelled; the delineated elevation of a building. Orthol'ogy, s. right description of things. Or'tive, a. relating to the rising of a star. Ortolan, s. a delicate small bird. Orts, s. fragments, mere refuse. Os'ciliate, v. to move backward and forward ; to vibrate. Oscilla'tion, 5. the moving like a pendulum. Os'cillatory, a. swinging; vibratory. Os'citancy, Oscita'tion, s. the act of yawn- ing; unusual sleepiness; carelessness. Os'citant, a. yawning, sleepy, sluggish. Os'citate, v. to yawn, to gape. Oscula'cion, s. the contact between any curve and its osculatory circle; (literally, a kissing.) Os'culatory, a. having the same curvature as a curve at any given point ; pertaining to osculation. O'sier, s. a tree of the willow kind. Os'pray, s. a kind of eagle. Os'seous, a. bony, like bone; hard. Os'sicle, s. a small bone. Ossif'ic, a. having power to ossify. Ossifica'tion, s. change into bone. Os'sifrage, s. the ospray, a kind of eagle, so called because it breaks the bones of ani- mals to get at the marrow. Os'sify, v. to change to bone. Ossiferous, a. devouring bones. Os'suarv, a. a charnel-house. Ostensibil'itv, s. state of being ostensible. Ostensible, a. that may be shown, apparent. Ostensibly, ad. in appearance. Osten'sive, a. showing, betokening. Ostent', s. appearance, sh nv ; a portent. Os'tentatc, v. to display toastingly. Ostenta'tion, s. an outward or vain show. Ostenta'tious, a. fond of show ; vain. Ostenta'tiously, ad. with ostentation. Ostcnta'tiousness, s. the being ostentatious. Osteocol'la, a. a fossil (literally bone glue.) Osteol'oger, s. one who describes the bones. Osteologist, s. one skilled in osteology. Osteol'ogy, s. that part of anatomy which treats of the bones. Os'tiary, s. the mouth of a river. Ost'ler, s. one who takes care of horses. Ost'lery, s. the place or apartment belonging to the ostler. Os'tracism, 5. a mode of banishment by votes written on oyster shells. Os'tracize, v. to banish by the popular voice. Os'trich, *. a very large African bird. Os'trogoths, s. the Eastern Goths. Otacou'stic, a. assisting the sense of hearing: s. an instrument to facilitate hearing. Otal'gia, s. the earache. Oth'er, pron. not the same ; different. Oth'erwhere, ad. in some other place. Oth'erwhile, Oth'erwhiles, ad. at othertimes. Oth'crwise, ad. in a different manner. Otio'sc, a. free from business or toil. O'tium, [Lat.] s. leisure, ease. Ot'tar (of roses), s. an oily aroma extracted from roses or flowers ; a rich perfume. Ot'ter, s. an amphibious animal. Ot'toman, a. belonging to the Turks: s. a native of Turkey ; the Grand Seignor ; an elegant kind of hassock. Ouch, s. an ornament of gold. Ought, v. (past tense of Owe,) to be bound in duty ; to behove. Ounce, s. a lynx. Ounce, s. a small weight. Onphe, s. a fairy; a goblin. Our, pr. poss. belonging to us. Ouranog'raphy, s. description of the heavens. OttrscKves, pr the plural of Myself. Ou'sel, s. the blackbird. Oust. v. to take away, to eject. Ous'ter. s. dispossession ; ejection. Out, ad. not within, not at home ; not in office ; to the end ; loudly. Out, int. expressing aversion or expulsion. Out-act', 7). to do beyond, to exceed. Outbal'aiice, v. to exceed in weight or effect. Outbid', v. to bid more than another. Outbid'der, s. one that outbids. Outblush', v. to exceed in rosy color. Out'born, a. foreign, not native. Out'bound, a. destined to a distant voyage. Outbra've, v. to silence or bear down by a more daring demeanour; to outdo or sur- pass in finery. Outbra'zen, v. to bear down by the force of superior impudence. Out'break, Outbreaking, s. a breaking out. Outbud', v. to sprout forth. Outbuild', v. to exceed in building. Out'cast, s. an exile : a. cast out, rejected. Outcom'pass, v. to exceed due bouuds. Outcraft', v. to exceed in cunning. Out'cry, j. a cry of distress, noiie, clamour. Outcia're, v. to venture or dare beyond. Outdo', v. to excel, to surpass, go beyond. Outdrink', v. to exceed in drinking. Out'er. a. exterior, outward. Out'erly, ad. towards the outside. OUT 197 OVE Out'ermost, a. remotest from the midst. Outfa'cc, v. to brave or stare down. Out'fit, s. equipment for a voyage. Outflank', v. to extend the flank of one army beyond that of another. Outfly', v. to fly faster than another. Outfool', v. to exceed in folly. Out'gato, s. an outlet, a passage outward. Outgen'eral, v. to exceed in generalship. Outgiv'e, v. to surpass in giving. Outgo', v. to go beyond ; to surpass. Out'going, s. the act or state of going out ; outlay or expenditure ; the utmost limit. Outgrow', v. to surpass in growth. Out'guard, s. the advanced guard. Out-Her'od, v. to surpass Herod in violence of character (in allusion to his part in the old play of H-erod of JewryU Out'house, s. a barn, stable, or other build- ing attached to a dwelling-house. Outjest', v. to surpass in jesting, ^utjug'gle, v. to exceed in juggling. Outkna've, v. to surpass in knavery. Out'lander, s. a foreigner, not a native. Outlandish, a. foreign, not native ; strange. Outlast', v. to exceed in duration. Out'law, s. one excluded from the benefit of the law ; a bandit, a robber : v. to exclude from the j:>roteetion of the law. Out'lawry, s. a decree by which a person is deprived of the protection of the law. Out'lay, s. a laying out, expenditure. Outleap', v. to surpass in leaping. Out'let, s. a passage or discharge outward. Outlie', v. to surpass in lying. Outline, s. the line by which any figure is defined ; a sketch ; a contour. Out'line, v. to delineate, to sketch. Outline, v. to survive, to live beyond. Outliv'er, s. one that outlives; a survivor. Outlook', v. to face down, to browbeat. Outlying, a. lying at a distance. Outmarch', v. to march quicker than. Outmeas'ure, v. to exceed in measure. Out'most, a. the most outward. Outnum'ber, v. to exceed in number. Outpa'cc, v. to outgo, to leave behind. Out'parish, 8. a parish without the walls. Out'part, s. a part remote from the centre. Out'porch, s. the outer porch , an entrance. Out'port, s. a port at some distance from the capital or chief port. Out'post, s. a military station beyond the limits of the camp, or men so placed. Outpour', v. to send forth in a stream. Out'pouring, s. a pouring out ; an effusion. Outpray', v. to exceed in prayer. Outpreaeh', v. to exceed in preaching. Outpri'ze, v. to exceed in estimated worth. Out'rage, s. violence; tumultuous mischief. Out'ragc, v. To injure violently ; to insult roughly and contumeliously. Ontra'gcous, a. violent, furious, excessive. Outra'geously, ad. violently, furiously. Outra'geousiicss, s. fury ; violence. Outre', a. [Vr-] extravagant ; odd. Outreach', v. to go beyond, to cheat. Outre'ason, v. to excel in reasoning. Outreck'on, v. to exceed in computation. Oi;iri'do, v. to surpass in riding. Outri'der. *. an attendant on horseback. Outright', ad. immediately, completely. Outri'val, v. to surpass in excellence. Out'road, s. an excursion. Out'roar, v. to exceed in roaring. Outroot', v. to root up, to eradicate. Outrun', v. to leave behind in running. Outsail', v. to leave behind in sailing. Outscorn', v. to bear down by contempt. Outscou'rings, s. substances scoured out. Outsell' v. to sell for a higher price. Out'set, s. opening ; beginning. Outshi'ne. v. to excel in lustre. Outshoot', v. to exceed in shooting. Out'side, s. the external or outer part. Outsit', v. to sit beyond the due time. Outskip', v. to avoid by flight. Out'skirt, s. a border, a suburb, an outpart. Outsleep', v. to sleep beyond proper time. Outsoar', v. to soar beyond. Outspeak', v. to speak beyond or longer. Outspread', v. to extend, to diffuse. Outstanding, a. unpaid ; projecting forward Outsta're, v. to face down, to browbeat. Outstep', v. to go beyond; to exceed. Outstorm', v. to overbear by storming. J Outstretch', v. to extend, to spread out. j Outstri'de. v. to surpass in striding. Outstrip', v. to outgo, to leave behind Outswear', v. to exceed in swearing. Outtalk', v. to talk down. Outtong'ue, v. to bear down by noise. Outval'ue, v. to transcend in price. Outvie', v. to exceed, to surpass, to excel. Outvo'iee, v. to exceed in clamour. Outvo'te, v. to exceed in the number of votes. Outwalk', v. to exceed in walking. Out' wall, 5. the outward part of a building Out'ward, a. external, foreign : apparent. Out'ward, ad. to foreign or outward parts. Outward-bound', a. proceeding from a port. Out'wardly, ad. in appearance, not sincerely ; externally, opposed to inwardly. Ont'wards, ad. towards the out parts. Outwatch', v. to surpass in watching. Outwear', v. to exceed in wearing. Outweep', v. to exceed in weeping. Outweigh', v. to exceed in weight. Outwit', v. to surpass in stratagem. Out' works, s. the outerparts of a fortification. O'val, s. a figure shaped like an egg. Oval, a. oblong, shaped like an egg. Ova'rious, a, consisting of, or like eggs. O'vary, j. a term in anatomy. O'vate, a. of an oval figure. Ova'tion, s. a minor kind of Roman triumph. Ov'en, s. an arched place for baking in. O'ver, prep, above, across, beyond or past : ad. so as to be upper or above ; beyond : a. upper, beyond or past. Overabound', v. to abound too much. Overact', v. to act more than enough. Overa'gitate, v. to agitate beyond bounds. O'veraUs, s. a kind of loose trousers. Overanx'ious, a. too careful. Overarch', v. to cover as with an arch. Overawe', v. to keep in awe, to terrify. Overbalance, v. to preponderate. Overbear', v. to bear down, to subdue. Overbearing, a. carrying things with a high hand ; haughty, despotic. Overbid', v. to offer more than the value. OVE OVE OVerboard, ad. off or out of the ship. Overboil', v . to boil too much. Over burden, ®. to load too much. Overburn', v. to burn too much. Overbus'y, a. too busy; officious. Overbuy', v. to buy too dear or too much. Overca're, s. excessive care or anxiety. Overca'reful, a. careful to excess. Overcar'ry, v. to hurry too far. Overcas't, a. clouded : v. to darken. Overcau'tious, a. too cautious. O'vercharge, s. an excessive charge. Overcharge, ®. to charge too much ; to load too much ; to crowd ; to burden. Overcloud', v. to cover with clouds. Overcloy', v. to fill beyond satiety. Overcom'e, v. to subdue, to vanquish. Overcount', v. to rate above the true value. Overdo', v. to do more than enough. O'verdose. s. too great a dose. Overdraw 7 , v. to draw more than is due. Overdress', v. to dress to excess. Overdrink', v. to drink to excess. Overdri've, v. to drive too hard or fast. Overea'ger, a. too vehement in desire. Overea'gerness, s. excess of earnestness. Overeye', v. to superintend ; to observe. Overfatigue, s. excessive fatigue : v. to fa- tigue to excess. Overfeed', v. to feed too much, to cram. Overfill', v. to fill to excess ; to surcharge. Overflow', v. to be full ; to deluge : s. inun- dation ; such a quantity as runs over. Overflow'ing, s. exuberance, copiousness. Overflowing, a. abundant ; copious. Overfreight', v. to load too heavily. Overfruit'ful, a. too rich ; too exuberant. Overgo', v. to exceed ; to surpass. Overgrow', v. to cover with growth ; to rise above ; to grow beyond the natural size. Overgrown', p. and a. grown too big ; huge. O'vergrowth, s . exuberant growth. Overha'le, v. See Overhaul. Overhan'dle, v. to handle too much. Overhang', ®. to jut over; to impend. Overha'stily, ad. in too great a hurry. Overha'stiness, s. precipitation. Overha'sty, a. too quick ; in too great haste. Overhaul', v. to examine over again. Overhead', ad. aloft ; in the zenith. Overhear', v. to hear privately that which it is not intended one should hear. Overheat', v. to heat too much. Overjoy 7 , v. to give great joy to; to transport with joy or delight. Over'joy, s. excessive joy, transport. Overla'bour, v. to take too much pains on any thing ; to harass with toil. Overla'de, v. to overburden, to overload. Overlap', v. to fold or wrap over. Overlar'ge, a. larger than enough. Overlay', v. to cover over ; to smother. Overlaying, s. a superficial covering. Overleap', v. to leap or jump over. Overlib'eral, a. abundant to excess ; too free Overload', ®. to burden with too much. Overlong', a. too long, longer than is meet, j Overlook', v. to superintend; to view from a higher place ; to pass by or over indul- gently ; to omit or neglect ; to glance over. Qverlook'cr, s. one who superintends. i Overlo've, v. to love too much. Overmast'ed, a. having too much mast. i Overmatch', v. to be too powerful for. j Overmeas'ure, s. excess of measure : v. to estimate too largely. | Oveimod'est, a. bashful ; affectedly modest. ! O'vermost, a. over the rest in authority. | Overmuch', a. too much, more than enough : ad. in too great a degree. j Ovemi'ght, s. night before bed-time. \ OveroffT'cious, a. too busy or importunate. j Overpaint', v. to color too strongly. Overpass', v. to pass over ; to overlook. Overpay', v. to pay more than the price. Overpeer', v. to overlook ; to appear above. Overpersua'de, v. to persuade or influence against one's inclination. O'verplus, s. what remains, the surplus. Overply', s. to ply to excess. Overpoi'se. v. to outweigh, to preponderate. Overpol'ish, v. to polish too much. Over'ponderous, a. too weighty. Overpow'er, v. to oppress by power. Overpress', v. to crush, to overwhelm. Overpri'ze, v. to value at too high a price. Overprompt', a. too ready or eager. Overrank', a. too rank or luxuriant. Overra'te, v. to rate too highly. Overreach', v. to go beyond ; to deceive. Overreach'er, s. one that overreaches; a cheat. Overri'pe, a. too ripe ; past maturity. Overri'pen, v. to make too ripe. Overroast', v. to roast too much. Overrule, v. to control ; to supersede. Overruler, s. one who overrules. Overrun', v. to run or spread over ; to ravage. Overrun'ner, s. one that overruns. | Overscru'pulous. a. scrupulous to excess. O'versea, a. from beyond sea ; foreign. Oversee', v. to superintend, to overlook. I Overseer', s. a supervisor, a superintendent. Overset', v. to turn upside down ; to subvert ; to overthrow. Oversha'de, v. to cover with shade. Overshad'ow, v. to throw a shadow over ; to shelter, to cover, to protect. Overshoot', v. to shoot beyond the mark. Oversight, s. an omission ; a mistake. Oversi ze, v. to surpass in bulk. Overskip', v. to skip over ; co pass over. Oversleep', v. to sleep too long. Overslip', v. to pass undone, to neglect. Overspeak', v. to use too many words. Overspread', v. to cover or scatter over. Overstand', v. to stand too much upon terms. Overstep', v. to step beyond ; to exceed. Overstock', v. to fill too full ; to crowd. O'verstock, s. a superabundance. Overstrain', v. to stretch too far. Oversway', v. to overrule ; to bear down. Oversweir, v. to swell or rise above. O'vert, a. open, manifest, public, apparent. Overta ke, v. to come up with in a pursuit. ri >rtask', v. to impose too heavy duties upon. Overtax', v. to tax too heavily. Overthrow',®. to throw down.to ruin, to defeat. Overthrow, s. discomfiture ; destruction. Overthrow'er, s. he who overthrows. O'vcrthwart, a. opposite, perverse : prep. across : v. to oppose. Overthwart'ness, s. perverseness. OVE 199 PAD ©vertr re, v. to subdue with fatigue. O'vertly, ad. openly, publicly, manifestly. Overton', v. to rise above the top ; to excel, to surpass. Overtow'er, v. to soar or tower above, ©vertrip', v. to walk lightly over. O'verture, s. an opening ; a proposal ; an opening piece in a musical performance. Overturn', v. to throw down ; to subvert. Overturn'able, a. that may be overturned. Overvalue, s. to rate at too high a price. Overveil', v. to veil or cover over. Overweak', a. too weak, too feeble. Overween', v. to think too highly. Overvveen'ing, a. conceited ; presumptuous. Overween'ingly, ad. with arrogance. Overweigh', v. to exceed in weight. Overweight', s. preponderance. Overwhelm', v. to crush ; to bear down. Overwi'se, a. wise to affectation. Overwrought',/;, and a. laboured too much. Overzeal'ous, a. zealous or eager to excess. O'viform, a. having the shape of an egg. O'vine, a. pertaining to sheep. Ovip'arous, a. bringing forth eggs. O'volo, s. a kind of moulding so called from its resemblance to a string of eggs. Owe, v. to be. indebted ; to be obliged. Owl, s. a bird that flies by night. Owl'er, s. a dealer in contraband goods. Owi'ing, J. an offence against public trade ; the exporting of wool or sheep. Owl'ish, a. reiembliDg an owl, Owl'-light, s. glimmering or imperfect light. Owl'-likc, a. like an owl in look or habits. Own, a. belonging to, possessed, peculiar ; as " ruy own," " our own," &c. Own, v. to have or possess as one's own; to acknowledge or avow as one's own ; to ac- knowledge. Own'er, s. one to whom a thing belongs. Own'ership, s. property, rightful possession. Ow'ser, s. bark and water mixed in a tanpit. Ox, (pi. Oxen,) a bullock. Oxal'ic-acid, s. an acid extracted from wood- sorrel, or from sugar combined with potash, and which is in a high degree poisonous. Oxa'lis, s. the acid herb called sorrel. Ox'eyed, a. having large full eyes. Ox'gang, s. as much land as an ox can plough in a year, ordinarily about 15 acres. Ox'lip, Si the cowslip, a vernal flower. Ox'stah, s. the place where oxen are kept. Ox'ycrate, s. a mixture of vinegar and water. Oxyda'tion, s. absorption of oxygen. Ox'yde, s. a compound of oxygen and some other body, in such proportions as not to produce an acid. Ox'ydize, v. to impart oxygen ; to rust ; to absorb oxygen. Ox'ygem s. a gas which generates acids; the vital part of atmospheric air. Ox'ygenize, v. to acidify by oxygen. Oxy"genous, a. of the nature of oxygen. Ox'ymcl, s. mixture of vinegar and honey. Oxymo'ron, S. a rhetorical figure in which an epithet of u quite contrary signification is added to a word. Oxyr'ihodiiii', s. a mixture of oil of roses with vinegar of roses. Ox'ytoiie, a. having an acute sound. O'yer, [Fr.] s. a hearing. A court of "Oyer and Terminer " is one where causes are heard and determined. Oyez 7 , [Fr.] int. hear ye ! the introductory cry of a public crier when he gives out a proclamation. Oys'ter, s. a bivalve shell-fish. Oys'ter-shell, s. the covering of an oyster. Oys'terwench, Oys'terwoman, s. a woman whose business is to sell oysters. Ozas'na, s. an ulcer in the nostrils. Pab'ulous, a. affording provender or food. Pabula'tion, s. the act of feeding or procur- ing provender. Pab'ulum, [Lat.]s. aliment, food, provender. Pace, s. a step, gait ; a measure of five feet. Pace, v. to move slowly ; to measure by steps. Pa'ced, a. having a particular gait. Pa'cer, s. one that paces. Pacha', (Bashaw, ) s. the governor of aTurkisb province, district, or city. Pacha'lic, s. the jurisdiction of a pacha. Pachyder'matous, a. having a thick skin. Pacific, a. peace-making, mild, gentle. Pacifica'tion, s. the act of making peace. Pacifica'tor, s. a mediator or peacemaker. Pacificatory, a. tending to make peace. Pa"cifier, s. one who pacifies or appeases. Pa"cify, v. to appease, to calm. Pack, s. a large bundle tied up for carriage ; a set of cards ; a number of hounds. Pack, v. to bind or tie up goods ; to press or cram together : to press together with a fraudulent design; as, "to pack cards;" tc "pack a jury." Pack'age, s. a parcel of goods packed. Paek'er, s. one who packs up bales. Pack'et, s. a small pack or bundle ; a mail or bag of letters ; a ship that carries letters and passengers : v. to bind up in parcels. Pack'horse, s. a horse of burden. Pack'saddle, s. the saddle of a packhorse. Pack'staff, s. a staff by which a pedlar occa- sionally supports his pack. Pack'thread, s. twine used in packing. Pack'wax, 5. a tendinous substance attached to the muscles of the neck in brutes. Pa'co, Pa'cos, Alpa'ca, s. a South American animal, resembling a small camel. Pact, s. a compact, a bargain, an agreement. Pac'tion, s. a covenant, a contract. Pac'tional, a. pertaining to bargain. Pacti"tious, a. settled by covenant. Pad, s. a path or footway, a road ; a robber that infests the roads on foot ; an easy- paced horse. Pad, v. to travel gently ; to rob on foot. Pad'dle, s. the broad part of an oar ; an oar used by a single rower : v. to row ; to dab- ble or play with the hands or feet in water ; to finger. Pad'dle-box, s. one of the wooden projections covering the paddle-wheels in a steam-boat. Pad'dler, s. one who paddles. Pad'dock, s. a small enclosure for deer or other animals. Pad'dock, s. a toad or frog. Pad'dock-stool, s. the toad-stool PAD 200 PAL Pad'dy, s. rice in the husk. Pandeli'on, s. an herb, the lion's foot. Padlock, s. a pendent or hanging lock. Pad'lock, v. to fasten with a padlock. Pad'dockpipe, Pad'owpipe, s. an herb. Paduasoy', s. Padua silk ; a kind of silk stuff. Pse'an, s. a song of triumph or praise. Pa'gan, s. a heathen : a. heathenish. Pa'ganish, a. heathenish. Pa'ganism, s. heathenism. Pa'ganize, v. to render heathenish. Page, s. one side of the leaf of a book : v. to mark the pages of a book. Page, s. a boy attending on a great person. Pa"geant, s. a statue in a show ; a show, a spectacle ; any thing showy without dura- tion : a. showy, pompous, ostentatious. Pa"geantry, s. pomp, ostentation, show. Pa"ginal, a. consisting of pages. Pago'da, s. an Indian idol or temple ; an Indian coin, both of gold and silver. Paid. See the verb Pay. Pail, s. a wooden vessel for water, &c. Pail'ful, s. the quantity that a pail will hold. Paillasse, [Fr.] s. an under bed or mattress stuffed with straw. Pain, s an uneasy sensation ; suffering ; pun- ishment, penalty. Pain, v. to afflict with pain ; to make uneasy. Pain'fu], a. full of pain, afflictive ; difficult. Pain'fully, ad. with great pain ; laboriously. Pain'fulness, s. affliction ; laboriousness. Pai'nim, Pay'nim, s. a pagan, an infidel. Pain'less, a. free from pain or trouble. Pains, s. pi. labour, effort, trouble. Pains'taker, J. a laborious person. Pains'taking, a. industrious, laborious. Pains'taking, s. labour; great industry. Paint, s. colors for painting. Paint, v. to represent by colors ; to cover or adorn with colors ; to practise painting ; to describe. Paint'er, s. one who professes painting. Paint'ing, s. the art of representing objects by delineation and colors ; a picture. Pain'ture, s. the art of painting. Pair, s. two things suiting one another ; two of a sort ; a couple, a brace. Pair, v. to join in couples; to suit; to unite. Pal'aee, s. a royal abode ; a splendid house. Pal'adin, 5. a knight of the round table. Palass'tra, s. a place for athletic exercises. Palanquin', s. an Indian sedan or covered chair borne on men's shoulders. Pal'atable, a. pleasing to the taste. Pal'atal, a. pertaining to the palate : s. a letter pronounced by the aid of the palate. Pal'ate, s. the seat of taste ; mental relish. Pala'tial, a. pertaining to the palate. Pala'tial, a. befitting a palace ; magnificent. Pal'atic, a. belonging to the palate. Palat'inate, s. the province of a palatine Pal'atine, a. possessing certain royal privi- leges : s. one invested with regal privileges. Pal'ative, a. pleasing to the taste. Palav'er, s. superfluous talk : v. to flatter. Palo, <7. wan, whitish : v. to make pale. Pale, s. a flat stake used in making fences; an enclosure ; a di trict or jurisdiction ; a perpendicular stripe in an escutcheon. Pale, v. to enclose with pales. Palea'ceous, a. chaffy ; having chaff. Pa'le-faced, a. having a paie or wan face. Pa'lely, ad. wanly ; not ruddily. Paleness, s. wanness, want of color. Paleog'raphy, s. a description of ancient writings ; the science of explaining ancienl writings. Pa'leous, a. chaffy, husky. Pales'^rian, Pales'tric, Palcs'trical, a. be- longing to the exercise of wrestling. Pal'ette, s. a light oval board for holding painters' colors when mixed. Pal'frey, s. a small horse trained for ladies. Pal'freyed, a. riding on a palfrey. Palid'ity, Pallidness, s. paleness, wanness. Palifica tion, s. the practice of driving posts into the ground to make it firm. Pal'indrome, 5. a word or sentence which is the same read backwards or forwards. Pa'ling. s. a fence made of pales. Pal'inodc, s. a recantation. Palisa'de, Palisa'do, s. a fence or fortification formed with pales. Palisa'de, v. to enclose with palisades. Pa'lish, a somewhat pale, sickly. Pall, s. a cloak or mantle of state ; a cover, ing thrown over the dead : v to invest as in a pall. Pall, v. to become insipid, to cloy. Palla'dium, s. a statue of Pallas, on the pre- servation of which the safety of Troy was predicted to depend ; and hence a safe- guard or protection. Pai'let, s. a straw bed, a mean bed. Parliament, s. a robe, a dress, a garment. Pal'liard, s. a lewd person. Palliasse. Sec Paillasse. Pal'liate, v. to cloak, to extenuate, to excuse Palliation, s. extenuation ; mitigation. Pal'liative, a. extenuating, mitigating: s. that which extenuates or mitigates. Pal'lid, a. pale, not high-colored. Pall-mall', s. a game with a ball and mallet. Paim, s. a tree ; triumph ; part of the hand. Palm, v. to hide in the hand ; to cheat. Palm'ary, a. principal; capital. Pal'mated, a. broad or shaped like the hand ; web-footed. Palm'er, s. a pilgrim from the Holy Land. Palm'er-worm, s. a hairy caterpillar. Palmet'to, s. a species of the palm-tree. Palmif'erous, a. bearing palms. Pal'miped, s. any web-footed fowl. Pal'mipede, Palmiped'ous, a. web-footed. Pal'mister, s. one who deals in palmistry. Pal'mistry, s. the cheat of fortune-telling by lines in the palm of the hand. Palm-Sunday, s. the Sunday before Easter. Palm'y, a. bearing palms ; victorious. Palpability, s. the quality of being palpable. Pal'pable. a. that may be felt ; gross, plain. Pal'pableness, s. the being palpable. Pal'pably, ad. manifestly, plainly. Palpa'tion, s. the act of feeling. Pal'pitate, v. to beat as the heart ; to flutter. Palpita'tion, s. a throbbing of the heart. Pals'grave, s. a German title of honor. Pal'sy, .y. loss of feeling and voluntary mo- tion, paralysis. Pal'sy, v. to strike as with the palsy. Pal'ter, v. to shift, to dodge ; to squandci. PAL 201 PAR Pal'terer, s. one that palters. Pal'trincss, s. meanness ; worthlessness. Pa'ly, a. pale, wan. Pam, s. the knave of clubs. Pam'per, v. to feed luxuriously, to glut. Pam'plilct, s. a small stitched book. Pamphleteer', s. a writer of pamphlets Pan, *. a broad shallow vessel. Panace'a, s. an all-curing medicine. Pana'da, Pana'do, s. bread boiled in water. Pan'cake, J thin batter fried in a pan. Pancrat'ie, Pancrat'ical, a. excelling in all the gymnastic exercises. Pan'creas, s. a gland situated at the bottom of the stomach ; the sweetbread. Pancreat'ic, a. relating to the pancreas. Pan'dcct, s. a treatise which contains the whole of any subject ; a digest of the Roman civil law. Pandem'ic. a. incident to a whole people. Pandemo'nium, s. the great hall or council- chamber of the fallen angels; hell. Pan'der, s. a pimp, a male bawd, a procurer. Pan'der, v. to be subservient to the lust or passion of others (like Pandarus.) Pan'dcrism, *. the employment of a pander. Pandiculation, s. a yawning and stretching. Pane, s. a panel or square of glass. Pa'ned, a. composed of small squares. Panegyr'ic. s. an eulogy, encomium, praise. Panegyr'ical, a. bestowing praise. Panegyr'ist, s. a writer of panegyrics. Pan'egyrize, v. to praise highly, to eulogize. Pan'el, s. a square of wainscut, &c. ; a roll of jurors' names furnished by the sheriff. Pan'el, v. to form into panels. Pang, s. extreme and sudden pain. Pang, v. to give extreme pain to. Pan'ic, s. a sudden fright without cause : a. applied to a sudden and groundless fear. Pan'icle, *. the soft woolly beard of plants. Panifica'tion, s. the act of making bread. Panna'de, s. the curvet of a horse. Pan'nage, s. the food of swine in the woods. Pan'nel, s. a kind of rustic saddle. Pan'nier, *. a basket carried on horses. Pan'oply, *. complete armour. Panora'ma, s. a large circular painting, from the centre of which the beholder views distinctly all or the whole of the objects of the representation. Pansoph'ical, a. pretending to have a know- ledge of every thing. Pan'sophy, s. universal knowledge or wisdom. Pan'sy, s. the garden violet. Pant, v. to palpitate or beat as the heart; to wish earnestly for ; to long for. Pant, s. palpitation or motion of the heart. Pantaloon', s. a buffoon in a pantomime; pi. tight small-clothes reaching to the ancle. Pantamorphic, a. assuming all shapes, Pan'theism, s. the doctrine which teaches that the universe is the supreme God. Panthe'ist, .v. one who confounds God with the universe. Pantlieis'tic. a. relating to pantheism. Panthe'on, s an ancient temple dedicated to all the gods. Pan'ther, s. a spotted wild beast, a pard. Pan'tile. See Pontile. Pant'ing, s. a short and quick breathing. Pant'ingly, ad. with rapid breathing. Pan'tlcr, s. one who, in a great family, has charge of the bread. Pan'tofle, s. a slipper, a shoe. Pan'tograph, s.an instrument for copying all sorts of drawings. Pantograph'ic, a. performed by a pantograph. Pantom'eter, s. an instrument for measuring angles, elevations, and distances. Pan'tomime, s. one who expresses his mean- ing by mimicry or gesture, a buffoon ; a scenic representation in dumb show. Pantomim'ic, Pantomim'ical, a. representing only by gesture or dumb show. Pan'try, s. a store-room for provisions, &c. Pap, s. a nipple of the breast, a teat. Pap, s. soft food for infants ; pulp of fruit. Papa', s. a fond name for father. Pa'pacy, s. the popedom or papal dignity. Pa'pal, a. pertaining to the pope or papacy. Papav'erous, a. resembling poppies. Pa'per. s. a substance formed into thin sheets for writing and printing on ; any written document : a. made of paper ; thin, slight. Pa'per, ?'. to cover with or fold in paper. Paper-cred'it, s. credit obtained by means of any written paper obligation. Pa'per-maker, s. one who makes paper. Pa'per-mill, s. a mill to make paper in. Pa'per-money, s. bills of exchange ; bank and promissory notes. Pa'per-stainer, s. one who co.ors paper. Papes'eent, a. containing or like pap. Pa'phian, a. pertaining to Venus. Papier-mache', [Fr.] s. a substance made of paper reduced to a paste, from which va- rious articles are made. Papil'io, s. a butterfly. Papiliona'ceous, a. resembling a butterfly. Papil'lae, [ Lat. ]s.pl. the nipples of the breast. Pap'illary, Pap'illous, a. resembling paps. Pa'pist, s. one who maintains the supremacy of the Pope, but used offensively. Papis'tical, Papis'tic. a. pertaining to the doctrines of the Church of Rome. Pa'pistry. See Popery. Pap'pous, a. having soft light down, as the seeds of thistles. Pap'py, a. like pap, soft, succulent. Papy'rus, s. an Egyptian reed, from the leaves of which the ancients made paper. Par. s. a state of equality, equal value. Par'able, s. a comparison ; an allegory. Par'able, v. to represent by a parable. Parab'ola, s. one of the conic sections. Parabol'ical.a. expressed by a parable; also, having the form of a parabola. Parabol'ieally, ad. by way of parable; also, in the form of a parabola. Parab'olism, s. a term in algebra. Paracen'tric, a. deviating from circularity. Parach'ronism, s. an error in chronology. Parachu'te, s. an umbrella-like instrument, used to break a person's fall from a balloon, in case of accident. Par'aclete, s. an intercessor ; the Holy Spirit. Para'de, s. military order, guard; a place where troops assemble for review ; show, ostentation. Para'de, v. to assemble in military order ; to exhibit ostentatiously. K3 PAIi 202 PAR Par'adigm, s. an example, a model. Paradigmat'ical, a. exemplary. Par'adise, s. the garden of Eden ; any place of felicity or bliss. Paradis'ean, Paradis'ian, a. paradisiacal. Paradisi'acal, a. pertaining to paradise. Par'adox, .v. that which is apparently contrary to opinion or absurd, but really true. Paradoxical, a. seemingly contradictory. Paradoxically, ad. in a paradoxical manner. Paradoxol'ogy, s. the use of paradoxes. Par'agon, s. a model, a pattern : v. to compare. Par'agram, s. a play upon words ; a pun. Paragram'matist, s. a punster. Paragraph, s. a distinct part of a discourse. Paragraphic, Paragraphical, a. divided into paragraphs ; denoting a paragraph. Paragraph'ically, ad. by paragraphs. Paralep'sis, Par'alepsy, s. in rhetoric, an ap- parent or pretended omission. Parallactic, a. pertaining to a parallax. Par'allax, s. the difference between the true and apparent elevation of a heavenly body. | Par'aliel, a. extending in the same direction and preserving at all points the same dis- tance ; like, similar. Par'aliel, s. a line which is at all points equidistant from another line; a circle marking the latitude. Par'aliel, v. to make parallel ; to compare. Par'allelable, a. that may be equalled. Par'ailelism, s. state of being parallel. Parallelogram, s. a quadrilateral figure, whose opposite sides areparailel and equal. Parallelopip'ed, s. a solid figure contained under six parallelograms, of which every opposite two are equal and parallel. Paral'ogism, Paral'ogy, s. a false argument. Par'alyae, v. to strike as it were with the palsy ; to deprive of motion or action. Paral'ysis, s. a palsy; loss of feeling. Paralyt'ie, Paralytica], a. struck by palsy ; palsied ; inclined to palsy. Par 'amount, a. superior : s. the chief. Par'amour, s. a lover or mistress. Par'anymph, s. a brideman ; a supporter. Par'apegm, s. a brazen table fixed to a pillar, on which laws, &c. were anciently engraven. Par'apet. .v. a wall breast high. Parapher'ual, a. pertaining to paraphernalia. Parapherna'lia, s. things brought by and be- longing to a wife ; apparel, ornament. Par'aphrase, s. an explanation in many words; a free translation. Par'aphrase, v. to translate with latitude. Par'aphrast, s. a lax or loose interpreter. Paraph ras'tic, Paraphras'tical, a. lax in in- terpretation ) not literal, not verbal. Paraphras'tically, ad. by paraphrase. Par'asang, s. a Persian measure of length. Parasce'nium, s. the back part of a stage. Par'asite, s. a flatterer, a sycophant. Parasit'ie, a. in botany, growing to and sup- ported by other plants. Parasit'ical, a. like a parasite. Parasit'ically, ad. in a nattering manner. Parasol', s. asmall umbrella carried over the head to keep off the sun. Parboil, v. to boil in part, to half boil. Par'cel, s. a portion ; a small bundle. Par'cel, v. to divide into portions. Par'ccner, s. a co-heir or joint inhei'itor. Par'cenery, s. a joint tenure or inheritance. Parch, v. to burn si ightly, to scorch, to dry up. Parch'edness, s. state of being parched. Parch'ment, a 1 , skins dressed for writing on. Pard, s. the leopard, a spotted beast. Par'don, s. forgiveness, remission. Par'don, v. to forgive, to remit, to excuse. Par'donable, a. that may be pardoned. Par'don ableness, s. the being pardonable. Par'donably, ad. in an excusable manner. Par'doner, s. one who pardons. Pare, v. to cut off the surface ; to cut off or dimmish by little and little. Paregor'ic, a. having the power to assuage or mitigate : s. an anodyne medicine. Paren'ehyma, s. a spongy or porous substance. Pareuchym'atous, a. spongy, soft, porous. Parene'sis, s. persuasion, exhortation. Parenet'ic, Parenet'ical, a. encouraging. Pa'rent, i". a father or mother. Par'entage, s. birth, extraction, descent. Parent'al, a. pertaining to parents. Parenta'tion, s. something done or said in honor of the dead. Paren'thcsis, 5. a sentence or clause inserted within another sentence, distinguished by the following marks ( ). Parenthet'ical, a. using parentheses. Parenthetically, ad. in a parenthesis. Paren'ticide, s. the killer of a parent. Pa'ientlcss, a. destitute of parents. Pa'rer, s. a tool to cut away the surface. Par'ergy, s. something unimportant. Par'get, s. a plaster for ceilings : v to plaster. Parhe'lion, s. a mock sun. Pari'al, s. three cards of a sort. Parie'tal, a. constituting sides or walls. Pa'ring, s. that which is pared off: the rind. Par'ish, s. a district or division of land un- der a priest having the cure of souls. Parish'ioner, s. one that belongs to the parish. Paris'ian, s. a native of Paris. Paris'ian, a. of or belonging to Paris. Parisyllab'ic, a. having equal syllables. Par'itor, s. an apparitor or snmmoner. Par'ity, s. equality, resemblance, likeness. Park, s. an enclosure for beasts of chase. Park of artillery, s. the entire train or body. Parlance, s. conversation, talk, idiom. Parley, s. conversation, oral treaty. Par'ley, v. to treat byword of mouth, to talk. Parliament, 5. the assembly of the three estates, the King, Lords, and Commons. Parliamentarian, s. one of those who in the time of Charles I. adhered to the parlia- ment : a. attached to the parliament. Parliamentary, a. enacted by parliament, suiting or pertaining to parliament. Par'lour, s. a reception or conversation room. Par'lous, a. keen, shrewd, waggish. Paro'chial, a. pertaining to a parish. Parochial'ity, s. state of being parochial. Paro'chially, ad. in a parish ; by parishes. Paro'chian, a. belonging to a parish. Paro'chiaii, s. a parishioner. Parod'ical, a. after the manner of parody. Par'ody, s. a change of another's words, 89 as to give his composition a burlesque cr ludicrous meaning Par'ody 1 , v . to copy by way of parody. PAR 203 PAS Paro'l, a. given by word of mouth. Parole, S. a verbal promise or declaration. Paron'ymous, a. mar to or resembling an- other word in meaning. Paroquet', s. a small species of parrot. Parot'id, a. salivary ; near the ears. Par'oxysm, s. extremity of disease; a fit. Paroxys'mal, «. subject to paroxysms. Par'rel, s. a machine to fasten the yards to the mast, so as to raise or lower them. Par'ricidal, a. relating to parricide. Partjcide, s. one who murders his father. Par'rot. s. a well-known bird. Party, v. to put by thrusts ; to ward off. Parse, v. to resolve into the parts of speech. Parsimo'nious, a. sparing, frugal ; covetous. Parsimo'niously, ad. sparingly ; covetously. Parsimo'niousness, s. a disposition to save. Par'simony, s. niggardliness, covctousnes3. Pars'ley, s. a well-known herb. Pars'nep, Pars'rup, a - , an edible root. Par/son. s. a clergyman, a priest. Par'sonage. .9. the benefice of a parson ; the manse or house of a parson. Part, s something less than the whole; a portion ; a share ; concern or interest ; side : pt. faculties or intellectual powers. Part, v. to divide into parts ; to distribute ; to separate ; to keep asunder ; to go away Part'age, s. the act of sharing ; a division. Parta'ke, v. to participate, to have part in. Parta'ker, s. an associate, a sharer. Farter 're,.?, a level ground ; a flower-garden. Partial, a. inclined to favor one party more than the other ; affecting only one part ; not general. Partial ist, s. one who is partial. Partial'! t y, s. inclination to favor one party more than another ; stronger inclination to one thing than another. Par'tialize, v. to make partial. Par'tially, ad. with undue bias ; in part. Partibil'ify, s. quality of being partible. Part'ible, a. divisible, separable. Participant, a. sharing : s. a sharer. Participate, v. to partake, to have a share. Participation, s. the act of sharing ; division. Partf'cipative, a. capable of partaking. Particip'ial. a. of the nature of a participle. Particip'ially, ad. in manner of a participle. Participle, s. a word partaking of the quali- ties both of a verb and an adjective. Particle, s. a minute part or portion ; a small indeclinable word. Particular, a. pertaining to a part; indivi- dual, single ; singular, odd : s. a single instance ; a separate or minute part. Particularity, s. something particular. Partic'ul.iri/.o, v. to mention distinctly. Partic'ularly, ad. distinctly, peculiarly. Parting, a- a division, a separation. Partisan, s. an adherent to a party. Partisan, s. a kind of pike or halberd. Parti"; i. m, s. the act of dividing; division. Parti"tion, v. to divide into distinct parts. Partitive, a. distributive. Partitively, ad distributively. Part'ler, s. a ruff or bai.d ; a (ruffled) hen Part'ly. ad. in part ; in some measure. Pari'ner. s. a sharer; an associate. Part'ncr.diip, s. joint interest or property Part'ridge, s. a bird of game. \ Parts, s. pi. qualities, faculties, districts. Partu'rient, a. about to bring forth. I Parturi"tion, s. a parturient state. Party, s. a number of persons united in opinion or design ; one of two litigants ; one concerned in any affair ; cause, side ; a select company ; a detachment. Party-colored, a. having different colors. Par'ty-jury, s. a jury in some trials, half foreigners and half natives. Party-man, s. an abettor of a party. Party-wall, s. a wall that separates houses. Par'vitude, Par'vity, s. littleness. Pas, [Fr.] s. a step ; the right of precedence. J Pasch, s. the passover ; the feast of Easter. I Pas'chal, a. relating to the passover. j Pasque flower, s. the Easter flower. Pas'quin, Pasquina'de, s. a lampoon. j Pasquina'de, v. to lampoon, to satirize. 1 Pass, v. to move onward, to go beyond ; to cause to move onward ; to enact a law ; to omit ; to thrust ; to be current : s. a nar- row entrance or passage ; an order or per- mission to pass ; a thrust. Pass'able, a. easily passed ; tolerable. Pass'ably, ad. tolerably ; moderately. I Passa'de, Passa'do, s. a thrust in fencing. Pass'age, s. the act of passing ; a narrow en- trance ; a road ; a journey ; an incident ; part of a book. Pas'sant, [Fr.]a. cursory, careless. En pas- sant, by the way ; slightly. Pass'enger, s. a traveller, a wayfarer. Pass'er, s. one who passes. Pass'erine, a. of the sparrow kind. Passibil'ity, s. the quality of receiving im- pressions from external agents. Pas'sible, a. that may be impressed. Pass'ing. p. moving on : a. transient : ad. exceedingly. Pass'ing-bell, s. a death-bell. Pas'sion, s. any violent emotion of the mind ; anger ; love ; zeal ; suffering. Pas'sionate, a. moved by passion; vehement; easily angered. Pas'sionately, ad. with desire ; angrily. Pas'sionateness, s. vehemence of mind. Pas'sioncd, a. disordered ; violently affected. Pas'sionless, a. not easily moved ; cool. Pas'sion-flower, s. a kind of flower. Pas'sion-week, *. the week before Easter. Pas'sive, a. unresisting ; suffering. Pas'sivoly, ad. in a passive manner. Pas'sivcness, Passiv'ity, .9. the being passive. Pass'less, a. having no passage. Pass'over, s. a Jewish festival (in commem- oration of the angel's passing over the houses of the Israelites when he smote the first-born of the Egyptians. ) i Pass'port, s. permission in writing to pass. Past, p. and a. gone through, spent ; not present : s. the time that has passed. j Past, prep, beyond ; above ; after. I Paste, s. any viscous tenacious mixture. j Pa'steboard, s. a thick kind of paper. Pas'tel, A", woad, a coloring substanoc. Pas'tern, s. the part of a horse's leg between the joint next to the foot and the hoof. I Pastic'cio, [Ital.] s. an olio ; a medley. i Pas'til, s. a kind of crayon. PAS 204 PEA Pastille, [Fr.] s. a roll of paste ; a perfume for scenting chambers. Pas'time, s. sport, recreation, diversion. Pas'tor, s. a shepherd ; a clergyman. Pas'toral, a. rural, rustic, like shepherds. Pas'toral, s. a rural poem, a bucolic. Pas'torly, a. becoming a pastor. Pas'torship, j. the office of a pastor. Pa'stry, s. pics or baked paste. Pa'stry-cook, s. one who makes pastry. Pas'turable, a. fit for pasture. Pas'turage, s. grounds grazed by cattle. Pas'ture, s. land on which cattle feed ; grass. Pas'turc, v. to place in a pasture ; to gTaze. Pa'sty, s. a pie of crust raised without a dish. Pa'sty, ft. made of or covered with paste. Pat, a. fit, convenient, exactly suitable. Pat, s. a quick light blow ; a tap. Pat, v. to strike lightly ; to tap. Patacoon', s. a Spanish coin, value As. 8d. Patch, v. to put on patches, to mend. Patch, s. a piece sewed on a garment. Patch 'er, s. one who patches ; a botcher. Patch'ery, s. bungling work, botchery. Patch 'work, s. work composed of small pieces of different colors ; a clumsily executed work ; a made-up clumsy thing. Pate, s. the head (used in ridicule.) Patefac'tion, s. the act or state of opening. Patel'la, s. the cap of the knee. Pat'on, s. the cover of a chalice; a plate. Pat'ent, ft. open to the perusal of all ; plain. Pat'ent, s. an exclusive right or privilege. Patentee', s. one who has a patent. Pater'nal, ft. fatherly ; hereditary. Pater'nity, s. the relation of a father. Pa'ter-nos'ter, s. the Lord's prayer. Path, Path/way, s. a way, a road, a track. Pathet'ie, Pathet'ical, a. moving the passions or feelings ; passionate. Pathet'ical ly, ad. in a pathetic manner. Pathet'icalness, s. the being pathetic. Path'less, a. untrodden, not known. Pathog'nomy,.?. a knowledge of the symptoms by which any state of passion is indicated. Patholo"gical, ft. relating to pathology. Pathologist, s. one who treats of pathology. PathoTogy, s. the doctrine of diseases, their causes, effects, and differences. Pa'thos, s. strong or deep feeling ; 2)assion. Pat'ible, a. sufferable, tolerable. Pa'tience, s. the quality of being patient. Pa'tient, ft. suffering, enduring; calm. Pa'tient, s. one who suffers under disease. Pa'tiently, ad. with patience, quietly. Pat'ly, ad. fitly, opportunely, suitably. Pat'ness, s. fitness ; suitableness. Pa'triareh, s. a head of a family or church. Patriarchal, a. pertaining to patriarchs. Patriarchate, s. jurisdiction of a patriarch. Pa'triarchy, s. jurisdiction of a patriarch. Patri"eian, a. senatorial : s. a nobleman. Patrimo'nial, ft. possessed by inheritance. Patrimo'nially, ad. by inheritance. Pat'rimony, s. an estate possessed by inheri- tance from one's fathers. Pa'triot, s. a real lover of his country : a. loving one's country, patriotic. Patriotic, ft. full of patriotism. Pa'triotism, s. love or zeal for one's country. Patrocina'tion, s. a patronizing. Patro'l, s. a guard that goes the rounds of a camp or garrison ; the act of patrolling : v. to go round as a patrol. Pa'tron, s. one who patronizes ; one who has the right of presentation to a living. Pat'ronage, s. protection, support; advowson. Pa'tronal, ft. protecting, supporting. Pa'troness, s. a female patron. Pat'ronize, v. to encourage as a patron, to support, to protect. Pat'ronizer, s. one who patronizes. Pa'tronless, a. not having a patron. Patronyin'ic, s. a name derived from a father or ancestor. Pat'ten, s. a clog shod with an iron ring. Pat'ter, v. to make a noise, like hail. Pat'tern, s. a specimen, a model. Pat'ty, s. a little pie. Pat'typan, s. a pan to bake patties in. Pat'ulous, ft. having an expanded flower. Paueil'oquent, a. using few words. Paueil'oquy, s. the utterance of few words, Pau'city, s. smallness, fewness. Paunch, 5. the belly, the stomach : v. to taka out the paunch ; to eviscerate. Pau'per, s. a poor person who receives alms. Pau'perism, s. the state of poverty Pause, s. a stop, a cessation : v. to stop, to cease, to wait. Pau'scr, s. one who pauses or deliberates. Pau'singly, ad. after a pause : by pauses. Pav'an, Pav'in, s. a kind of light dance. Pave, v. to floor with paving-stones ; to pro- pare the way for. Pave', [Fr.] s. the pavement, the street. Pa'vemcnt, s. a stone or brick floor. Pa'ver, Pa'vier, s. one who paves. Pavil'ion, s. an ornamented tent ; a building with a dome : v. to furnish with tents. Pa'ving, s pavement of stone, brick, &c. Pav'onine, a. resembling a peacock's tail. Paw, s. the foot of a beast of prey. Paw, v. to handle as with paws ; to fawn. Paw'ing, s. a striking with the fore-foot. Paw'ky, ft. arch, cunning, artful. Pawn, s. a piece at chess. See Peon. Pawn, s. something given as a pledge. Pawn, v. to pledge, to give in pledge. Pawn'broker, s. one who lends money on goods which he receives upon pledge. Pawnee', s. the receiver of a pawn. Pay, .9. wages, hire, money for services. Pay, v. to discharge a debt, to reward. Pay'able, a. due, that ought to be paid. Pay'day, s. the day for payment. Payee', s. one to whom money is paid. Pay'er, s. one who makes payment. Pay'master, *-. one from whom wages are re- ceived ; an officer that pays troops. Pay'ment, *-. the act of payment ; a reward. Pea, a a well-known kind of pulse. Peace, s. respite from war; quiet, rest. Peace, int. silence ! hist! Pea'ceable, a. quiet ; free from war. Pea'ceableiiess, s. state, of being peaceable. Pea'ceably, ad. without war ; quietly. Pea'ceful, ft. pacific, mild, undisturbed. Pea'cefully, ad. quietly, mildly, gently. Pea'cefulness, s. quiet; freedom from war. Pea'ecless, ft. wanting peace ; disturbed. Pca'cemaker,A-.one who reconciles differences. PEA 205 PEL Pea'ce-offering, 5. a sacrifice offered to God for atonement and reconciliation. Peach, v. (to impeach) to accuse. Peach, *. a delicious fruit. Peach 'colored, a. of the color of a peach. Pea'chick, s. the chicken of a peacock. Pea'cock, s. a fowl of beautiful plumage. Pea'hen, s. the female of the peacock. Peak, s. the top of a hill ; any thing point- ed ; the fore part of a head-dress. Peak, v. to look thin or sickly ; to sneak. Peak'ish, a. having peaks; like apeak. Peal, s. a succession of loud sounds, aa of bells, thunder, cannon, &c. Peal, v. to utter loud and successive sounds. Pear, s. a well-known fruit. Pearl, s. a precious gem ; a film on the eye. Pearl'-ash, s. an alkali from wood ashes. Pearl'ed, a. adorned or set with pearls. Pearl'-eyed, a. having a speck in the eye. Pearl' oyster, s. the testaceous fish which produces pearls. Pearl'stonc, s. a volcanic mineral. Pearl'wort, Pearl'grass, *. a plant. Pearl'y, a. abounding with or like pearls. Pear'main, s a kind of apple. Pear'tree, s. the tree that bears pears. Pcas'ant, s. a rustic, a hind, a labourer. Peas'antlike, Peas'antly, a. rustic, clownish. Peas'antry. s. peasants, country people. Peas'cod, Pea'shell, 5. the husk of peas. Pease, s. peas collectively, or as food. Peat, s. a species of turf for fuel. Peat'y, a. of the quality of peat. Peb'ble, s. a small rounded stone. Peb'bled, Peb'bly, a. full of pebbles. Peceabil'ity, $. the being subject to sin. Pec'cablc, a. liable to sin. Peccadillo, [Sp.] s. a slight crime or sin; a petty offence. Pec'caney, 5. bad quality, offence. Pec'cant, a. sinning, guilty, corrupt. Peck, s. the fourth part of a bushel. Peck, v. to pick tip food with the beak ; to strike with the beak ; to carp at. Peck'er, s. one that pecks ; a bird. Pec'tinal, a. resembling a comb. Pec'tinated, a. formed like a comb. Pectina'tion, s. resemblance to a comb. Pec'toral, a. pertaining to the breast : s. a medicine to strengthen the chest; some- thing to protect the breast ; a breast-plate. Pcc'ulate, v. to defraud the public. Peculation, s. theft of public money. Pec'ulator, s. a robber of the public. Pecu'har, s. the exclusive property. Pecu'liar, a. particular, proper, appropriate. Peculiarity, s. particularity ; oddness. Pecu'Iiarizfc, v. to make peculiar. Peculiarly, ad. particularly, singularly. Pecu'nian , a. pertaining to money; consist- ing of money. Ped, .y. a small pack-saddle, a hamper. Pedago"gical, a. suiting a schoolmaster. Ped'agogism, s. the business of a pedagogue. Ped'agngue, .1. a schoolmaster, a pedant. Ped'al, a. pertaining to the foot. Pcd'al, s. that part of a musical instrument which is acted upon by the feet. Ped'ant, s. one vainly ostentatious of his learning, a pedagogue. Pedan'tic, Pedan'tical, a. like a pedant. Pedan'tieally, ad. in a pedantic manner. Ped'antize, is. to play the pedant, Ped'antry, s. ostentation of learning. Ped'ate, a. divided like toes. Ped die, v. to be busy about trifles ; to sell or deal in petty matters. Ped'dling, a. petty, trifling, unimportant. Pedere'ro, Patere'ro, s. a small swivel gun. Ped'estil, s. the basis or foot of a statue. Pedes'trial, Pedes'trious, a. going on foot. Pedes'trian, j. one who makes a journey on foot ; a good walker : a. on foot. Ped'icle, s. the footstalk of a flower or fruit, Pedic'ular, Pedie'uJous, a. lousy. J Ped'igree, s. genealogy, lineage, descent-. Ped'imer.t, . an ornamental projection to a building, a door, or window. Ped'ler, s. one who travels about the country to sell petty commodities. Pedle'ry, .1. wares sold by pedlers. Ped'ling, *. trifling, petty, or paltry dealing. Pedobap'tism, s. infant baptism. Pedobap'tist, s. one who holds infant baptism. Podom'eter, s. an instrument by which the paces of the feet are numbered, and dis- tances measured. Ped uncle. Seo Pedicle. Pedun'eular, a. pertaining to a peduncle. Peel, v. to strip of the skin or bark ; to rob. Peei, s. the rind ; a board used by bakers. Peel'er, s. one who peels ; a robber. Peep, s. a .sly look ; first faint appearance. Peep, v. to look slily, closely, or curiously. Peep'er. s. one who looks cautiously or slily. Peep'holc, s. a hole through which one may look without being discovered. Peer, s. an equal in rank : a nobleman. Peer, v. to come just in sight, to pee];. Peer'age, Peer'dom, s. dignity of a peer. Peer'ess, s. wife of a peer : a lady ennobled. Peer'less, a. unequalled, having no peer. Peer'lessly^rf without an equal ; matchlessly. Peer'lcssness, a\ the being peerless. Pee'vish, a. irritable, easily offended. Pee'vishly, ad. petulantly, 'fretfully. Pee'vishness, A', petulance, fretfulness. Peg, s. a wooden pin or fastener. Peg, v. to fasten with a peg. Peiras'tie. a. attempting ; making trial. Pe'koe, s. a species of tine black tea. Pela'gian, s. one who denies the doctrine of original sin, and trusts to good works. Pelf, s. money, riches, paltry stuff. Pel'ican, s. a large bird with a long beak and a pouch in which it keeps a supply of water for itself and its young. Hence it has been supposed that it admits its young to suck blood from its breast. Pelisse', s. a kind of coat or robe. Pellet, s. a little ball or bullet. Pel'leted, a. consisting of balls or bullets. Pcl'liole, s. a thin skin, a film. Pel'litory. s. a species of herb. Pell-mell', ad. confusedly, tumultuously. Pells, s. an office in the Exchequer. Pollu'cid, a. transparent, clear, bright. Pellucid'ity, s. pellueidness, transparency. Pellu'cidness, s. the state of being pellucid. Pelt, s. a skin, a hide. Polt, v. to assail as with pellets, to throw at. PEL 206 PEE Pelta, g. a small kind of ancient buckler. Pel'tate, a. shaped like a round shield. Pelt'er, s. one who pelts or throws at. Pelting, p. and a. throwing at ; paltry. Pelt'monger, s. a dealer in new hides. Pelt'ry, s . furs or skins in general. Pelt'wool. s. wool pulled off the skin. Pel' vis, [Lat.] 5. the lower part of the belly. Pen, s. an instrument for writing ; a feather : v. to write. Pen, v. to coop, to shut up : s. an enclosure Pe'nal, a. enacting or inflicting punishment. Pen'alty, s. a punishment, forfeiture. Pen'anee, s. an infliction for sin ; repentance. Pence, j. tiie plural of Penny. Pen'cil, s. a tool for drawing and painting. Pon'cil, v. to form with a pencil ; to paint. Pen'dant. s. an earring; an ornament ; a flag. Pen'dence, s. slope, inclination. Pen'dcncy, s. suspense ; delay of decision. Pen'dent, a. hanging, jutting over. Pend'ing, a. depending, undecided. Pendulos'ity, Pen'dulousness, s. suspension. Pen'dulous, a. hanging, not supported below Pen'duhun, s. -any weight hung to swing backwards and forwards, &c. Pen'etrable, a. that may be penetrated. Penetrabii'ity, s. the being penetrable. Pen'etrancy, s. the power of penetrating. Pen'etrant, a. having power to pierce. Pen'etrate, v. to pierce, to enter ; to reach or affect the mind ; to get at the meaning. Penetration, s. a piercing through ; sagacity. Pen'etratiye, a. piercing, sharp, discerning. Pen'etrativeness, s. the being penetrative. Pen'guin. s. a large aquatic fowl with short legs and small wings; a West Indian fruit. Penin'sula, s. a portion of land almost sur rounded by water. Penin'sular, a. pertaining to a peninsula. Penin'sulate, v. to form a peninsula. Penin'sulated, a. almost surrounded bywater, Penitence, s. repentance, sorrow for sin. Pen'itent, a. repentant, contrite for sin. Pen'itent, s. one sorrowful for sin. Peniten'tial, a. expressing penitence. Peniten'tial, s. a book directing penance. Penitentiary, s. one who prescribes penance ; one who docs penance ; a house of correc- tion : a. relating to penance. Penitently, ad. with sorrow for sin. Pen'knife, s. a knife used to cut pens. Peu'man, s. a writer ; a teacher of writing. Pen'manship, s. the act or art of writing. Pen'nated, a. having wings. Pen'nant, s. a small flag, a streamer. Pen'ncd, a. winged ; plumed. Pen'nii'o: ii, a. of the form of a feather. Pen'niless, a. moneyless, poor, distressed. Pen'non. y. a small flag or banner. Pen'ny. s. the 12th part of a shilling. Pennyroyal, s. a plant. Pen'nyweight, $. 24 grains troy weight. Pen'nywise, a. saving small sums at the hazard of larger. ( " Penny wise and pound foolish.") Pen'ny worth, .y. the value of a penny; some- thing advantageously bought; a bargain. Pen'silr. a. hanging, suspended. Pen's' leness, s. the state of hanging. Pen'sion, 5. a settled annual allowance* Pension, v. to support by an allowance. Pen'sionary, s. one receiving a pension. Pen'sionary, a. maintained by a pension. Pen'sioner, s. one who receives a pension. Pen'sive, a. thoughtful ; melancholy. Pen'sively, ad. in a pensive; manner. Pcn'siveness, s. gloomy thoughtfuiness. Pen'tachord, s. a five-stringed instrument. Pen'tagon, s. a figure with five angles. Pentag'onal, a. having five angles. Pentagraph, s. an instrument for copying or reducing designs or drawings. Pentagraphlc, a. performed by a pentagraph Pcntahe'dral, Pentahe'drous, a. five-sided. Pentahc'dron, s. a pillar with five sides. Pentam'eter, s. a verse of five feet. Pentan'drian, a. having five stamens. Pentan'gular, a. five-cornered or angled. Pentapct'alous, a. having five petals or leaves Pentaph'yllous, a. having five leaves. Pentasperin'ous, a. containing five seeds. Pen'tastylc, s. in architecture, a work in which are five rows of columns. Pcn'tatcuch, s. the five books of Moses. Pentecost, s. a festival of the Jews, so called from its being 50 clays after Easter, with Christians, Whitsuntide. Pcntecos'tal, a. belonging to Whitsuntide. Pent'house, s. a sloping shed or roof. Pen'tile, s. a sloping tile, a gutter tile. Penul'tima, s. the last syllable but one. Penultimate, a. placed last but one. Penum'bra, a. a partial shadow. Penu'rious, a. niggardly, sordid ; scanty. Penu'riously, ad. sparingly, niggardly. Penu'riousncss, s niggardliness, parsimony, Pen'ury, s. poverty, indigence, want. Po'on, s. a foot soldier in India. Pe'ony, 5. the name of a flower. Peo'ple, s. a nation ; persons in general. Peo'ple, v. to stock with inhabitants. Pep'per, s. an aromatic warm spice. I Pep'per, v. to sprinkle with pepper; to beat. Pep'perbox, s. a box for holding pepper. Pep'percorn, s. any thing of trifling value. Pep'pcrmint, s. a hot or pungent herb ; liquor distilled from it. Pep'tic, a. promoting digestion ; dietetic. I Peracu'tc, a. very sharp, very violent. j Peradven'ture, ad. perhaps, may be. j Peram'bulate, v. to walk through or over. I Perambulation, s. the act of walking through; a rambling survey. Peram'bulator, s. a wheel for measuring roads ; one who perambulates. j Percei'vable, a. that may be perceived. j Percei'vably, ad. so as to be perceived. Percei've, v. to have a perception*!*, to dis- cern, to see ; to understand. Pereei'ver, s. one who perceives or observes. Perceptibility, s. the power of perceiving. Perceptible, a. that may be perceived. Perceptibly, ad. so as to be perceived. Percep'tion, s. the power of perceiving by means of the senses j an idea or notion. Perceptive, a. abb- or tending to perceive. Perceptivity, *. the power of perceiving. I Perch, s. a fresh-water fish. j Perch, s. a pole or rod; a measure of five j yards and a half; a bird's roost: v. to .' place on a perch ; to roost. PEE 207 PER Perchan'ce, ad. perhaps, per ad venture Percipient, a. perceiving ; having the facility or power of penetration. Per'colate, v. to strain through a sieve. Percola'tion, s. the act of straining. Percuss', v. to strike through ; to strike. Percus'sion, s. the act of striking ; a stroke; effect of sound on the ear. Percu'tient, a. striking, able to strike. Perdi'lion, s. utter ruin ; eternal death. Perdu, Per'due, ad. close ; lying in ambush : a. employed on desperate purposes ; aban- doned ; lost. Per'dulous, a. lost, thrown away. Perdu'rable, a. lasting ; long-continued. Per'egrinate, v. to travel through or over. Peregrin a'tion, s. a travelling about. Per'egrinator, s. a traveller. Peregrine, a. foreign, not domestic. Perempt', v. to kill, to destroy. Peremp'tion, s. a killing ; extinction. Peremptorily, ad. absolutely, positively. Per'empiorincss, s. absolute decision. Peremptory, a. decisive, absolute. Peren'nial, a. lasting a year ; perpetual. Peren'nially, a. continually ; without ceasing. Peren'nity, s. perpetuity, lastingness. Pererra'tion, s. travel ; |he act of wandering through various places. Per'fect, a. thoroughly made, complete, con- summate; pure, immaculate. Per'fect, v. to finish, to complete. Per'fecter, s. one that makes perfect. Perfectibility, s. ideal perfection. Perfec'tion, s. the state of being perfect. Perfec'tional, a. making perfect. Perfec'tionate, v. to make perfect. Perfec'tionist, s. one pretending to perfection. Perfec'tive, a. conducing to perfection. Per'fectly, ad. completely, exactly. Per'fectness, s. completeness, perfection. Perfidious, a. treacherous ; false to trust. Perfidiously, ad. by breach of faith. Perfid'iousness, s. treachery ; want of faith. Perfidy, s. breach of faith ; treachery. Perfla'tion, s. the act of blowing through. Per'forate, v. to pierce through, to bore. Perfora'tion, s. the act of piercing ; a hole. Perforative, a. having power to pierce. Per'forator, 5. a boring or piercing instrument. Perfo'rce, ad. by force ; violently. Perform', v. to execute, to do, to accomplish. Perform'able, a. that may be performed. Perform'ance, s. execution, completion ; action, deed ; the acting of a performer. Perform'er, s. one who performs or plays. Perfu'matory, a. sending forth a perfume. Perfume, s. a sweet odour, fragrance. Perfu'me, v. to impregnate with scent. Perfu'mer, s. one who sells perfumes. Perfu'mery, s. perfumes in general. Perfunctorily, ad. carelessly : negligently. Perfunctoriness, s. negligence, carelessness. Perfunctory, a. done merely to get rid of the duty ; careless, negligent. Perfu'se, v. to overspread, to tincture. Perfusion, s. the act of pouring out upon. Perhaps', ad. perad venture, it may be. Pe'ri, s. an Eastern fairy. Peri-, (a Gr. prefix) around, about, near. Perianth, s. the calyx of a flower. Pericar'dium, s. a thin membrane resembling a purse, which contains the heart. Per'icarp, Pericar'pium, s. a pellicle or thin membrane encompassing the fruit-seed. Pericra'nium, s. the membrane that covers the skull ; the periosteum. Peric'ulous, a. dangerous ; hazardous. Perie'cians, s. people who dwell round from us at the opposite point of longitude, but in the same latitude. Periceci, Gr. Perigee', Perige'um, s. the part of an orbit nearest the earth. Per'igord-stone, s. an ore of manganese. Per'igraph, s. an inaccurate delineation. Perihe'lion, Perihe'lium, s. the point of a planet's orbit nearest the sun. Peril, s. danger, hazard, denunciation. Per'ilous, a. hazardous, dangerous. Perilously, ad. dangerously. Per'ilousness, s. dangerousness ; hazard. Perim'etcr, s. circumference of a figure. Pe'riod, s. a going round ; the time in which any thing is performed so as to begin again in the same way ; a circuit ; a cycle ; a course of events ; the end or conclusion ; a full stop. Periodical, a. regular, at stated times. Periodically, ad. at stated periods. Perios'teum, s. a membrane round the bones. Peripatetic, a. relating to the Peripatetics. Peripatetic, s. one of the disciples of Aris- totle ; so called, because they used to teach and dispute in the Lyceum at Athens, walking about. Periph'ery, s. the circumference. Perlphrase, v. to express by circumlocution. Periph'rasis, s. circumlocution. Periphrastic, Periphras'tical, a. circumlo- cutory, using many words. Perijihras'tically, ad. with circumlocution. Perlplus, s. a voyage round a sea or coast. Peripneumonia,,?, inflammation of the lungs. Peris'cii, s. pi. the inhabitants of the frigid zones whose shadows, while the sun is above their horizon, are projected all round. See Amphiscii. Perish, v. to die ; to be destroyed ; to decay. Perishable, a. subject to perish or decay. Perlshableness, s. liableness to perish. Peristaltic, a. worm-like, spiral ; applied to the vermicular motion of the intestines. Peristyle, s. a circular range of pillars. Pcrisys'tole, s. the pause between the con- traction and (diastole or) dilatation of the heart. Peritone'um, s. a thin soft membrane which covers the lower intestines,, Periwig, s. a peruke, a wig. Periwinkle, s. a small snail-like shell-fish. Per'jure, v. to forswear ; to swear falsely. Perjurer, s. one that swears falsely. Perju'rious, a. guilty of perjury. Perjury, s. the act of swearing falsely. Perk, v. to hold up the head affectedly, as a bird in the act of perching. Perlustra'tion, s. a viewing all over. Per'maneiice, Per'manency, s. duration. Per'manent, a. lasting, of lone; continuance. Permanently, ad. durably, lastingly. Permeability, s. the being permeable. Per'meable, a. that may be passed through. PER 208 PER Per^neant, a. passing through. Per'meate, v. to pass through, to penetrate. Permea'tion, s. the act of passing through. Permis'cible, a. that may be mingled. Permissible, a. that may be permitted. Permis'sion, s. the act of permitting; leave. Permis'sive, a. granting permission. Permis'siveiy, ad. without hinderance. Permit', v. to allow, to grant leave, to suffer ; to leave or resign. Per'mit, 5 a written permission from an excise officer for the removal of spirits, &c. Permit'tanee, s. allowance ; permission. Permix'tion, s. the act of mingling. Permuta'tion, s. the act of changing; an ex- change of one thing for another. Permu'te, v. to change for, to exchange. Perni''oious, a. very hurtful, destructive. Perni"ciously, ad. hurtfully, destructively. Perni"ciousness, s. the being pernicious. Perni"city. S. swiftness, celerity. Pernocta'tion, s. a watching all night. Perora'tion, -s. the closing part of an oration. Perpend', v. to weigh thoroughly in. the mind, to consider attentively. Perpendicular, a. hanging straight clown, or in the direction of the plane of the hori- zon; falling on another line at right angles. Pcrpendic'ular, s. a level or plumb-line. Perpendicularity, s. the being perpendicular. Perpendic'ularlv, ad. so as to be perpendic- ular or at right angles. Perpetrate, v. to commit a crime. Perpetra'tion, s. the commission of a crime. Per'petrator, s. one that commits a crime. Perpet'ual, a. never ceasing, continual. Perpetually, ad. continually, incessantly. Perpet'uate. v. to make perpetual. Perpetua'tion, s. the act of making perpet- ual ; unceasing continuance. Perpctu'ity, s. duration to all futurity. Perplex', v. to disturb with doubts ; to vex. Perplex'ed. p. and a. confused; difficult. Perplex'ediy, ad. intricately ; confusedly. Perplex'ed ness, s. embarrassment. Perplex'ity, s. intricacy ; anxiety. Perquisite, s. an allowance or gift exclusive of fixed wages. Per'quisited, a. supplied with perquisites. Perquisition, s. a thorough inquiry. Per'ry, s. wine or drink made of pears. Persecute, v. to pursue with malignity; to oppress; to harass ; to importune much. Persecution, s . the act of persecuting. Persecutor, s. one who persecutes. Perseve'rance, s. firmness, resolution. Perseve'rant, a. persisting ; constant. Perseve're, v. to be steadfast ; to persist. Parscvc'ringly, ad. with perseverance. Per'sian, a of or from Persia. Per'siflage, s. jeering, bantering, ridicule. Persist', v. to persevere, to continue firm. Persistence, Persist'ency, s. state of per- sisting ; steadiness ; obstinacy. Persis'tive, a. steady ; persevering. Per'son, s. an individual; a human being; the body ; exterior appearance. Personable, a. handsome, graceful. Per'sonage, s an important person. Per'sonal. a. pertaining or belonging to a per- son ; in law, not real, as landed property. Personal'ity, s. that which constitutes a per- son ; a remark or reflection on a person. Personally, ad in person, particularly. Per'sonate, v . to represent another ; to coun- terfeit, to feign. Persona'tion, s. the act of personating or counterfeiting another. Per'sonator, jr. one who personates. Person ifica'tion, s. the act of personifying; the thing personified. See Prosopopoeia. Person'ify, v. to change into a person. Perspective, a. relating to vision, optical. Perspective, s. a seeing through ; a glass through which objects are viewed; the art of drawing distant and near objects on a plane, so as to make them appear in their relative places. Perspective] y, ad. as through a glass. Perspica'cious, a. quick-sighted, sharp. Perspica"city, Perspica'ciousness, s. acute- ness of discernment; quickness of sight. Per'spicil, s. a kind of optical glass. Perspicuity, s. clearness to the understanding. Perspic'uous, a. clear to the mind. Perspic'uously, ad. clearly ; not obscurely. Perspic'uousness, S. freedom from obscurity. Perspi'rable, a. that may be perspired. Perspira'tion, j. the act of perspiring; sweat. Perspi'rative, Perspi/ratory, a. performing the act of perspiration. Perspi're, v. to emit by the pores, to sweat. Perstrin'ge, v. to touch in passing. Persua'dable, a. that may be persuaded. Persua'dably, ad. so as to be persuaded. Persua'de, v. to influence by argument or entreaty ; to invite ; to convince. Persua'der. s. one who persuades. Persuasibil'ity, s. the being persuasible. Pcrsua'siblc, a. that mav be persuaded. Persua'sibleness, 5. the being persuasible. Persua'sion, s. the act of persuading; the opinion that results from persuasion; con- viction, belief. Persua'sive, a. having power to persuade. Persua'sively, ad. so as to persuade. Persua'sivene3s, s. the being persuasive. Pert, a. brisk, lively, saucy, petulant. Pertain', v. to belong to, to relate to. Pertina'cious, a. obstinate, stubborn, rertina'ciously, ad. obstinately, stubbornly. Pertina"city, Pcrtina'ciousness, s. obstinacy, stubbornness; constancy. Per'tinence, Per'tinency, s. appositeness, suitableness to the purpose. Per'tinent, a. to the purpose : apposite. Per'tinently, ad. aptly, appositely. Per'tinentness, 5. appositeness. Pertin'gent, a. touching ; relating to. Pert'ly, ad briskly, petulantly, saucily. Pcrt'ness, .?. briskness; sauciness, petulance. Perturb', Pertur'bate, v. to disturb, to vex. Perturba'tion, s. disquiet of mind. Perturba'tor, Pertur'ber, s. a disturber. Perturb'ed, a. disturbed, disquieted. Pertu'sed, a. punched, pierced with holes. Pertu'sion, s. the act of piercing or punching. Peru'ke, s a cap of false hair, a periwig. Peru'kemaker, s. a wig-maker. Peru'sal, s. the act of reading over. Peru'se, v. to read over ; to scan, to observe. Peru'ser, s. a reader ; an examiner. PER 209 PHI Teru'vian, a. pertaining to Peru, in South America : s. an inhabitant of Peru. Perva'de.t/. to passthrough, to spread through. Perva'sion, s. the act of passing through. Perva'sive, a. having power to pervade. Perver'se. a. cross, petulant ; obstinate. rerver'sely, ad. with perverseness. Perver'seness, s. the being perverse. Perver'sion, s. the act of perverting. Perver'sity, s. perverseness, crossness. Perver'sive, a. having power to pervert. Pervert', v. to distort, to corrupt, to mislead. Pervert'er. s. one who perverts. Pcrvert'ible, a. that may be perverted. Pervestiga'tion, s. a thorough inquiry. Pervica'cious, a. spitefully obstinate. Pervica'ciously, ad. with spiteful obstinacy. Pervica'ciousness, s. spiteful obstinacy. Pervica"eity, s. pervicaciousness. Per'vious. a. admitting a passage through. Per'viousness, s. the being pervious. Pes'simist, *. a complaincr on all subjects, as opposed to an optimist. Pest, s. a plague, pestilence, mischief. Pes'ter, v. to plague, to disturb, to harass. Pes'terer, s. one that pesters or disturbs. Pes'terous, a. pestering, encumbering. Pest'house, s. a plague-hospital. Pestiferous, a. infectious, malignant ; deadly. Pes'tilencc, s. plague, contagious distemper. Pes'tilent, a. producing plagues; malignant. Pestilen'tial, a. infectious, malignant. Pes'tilently,f/(/.mischievously ; destructively. Pestilla'tion, s. pounding with a pestle. Pes'tle,s. an instrument for pounding substan- ces in a mortar : v . to beat with a pestle. Pet, s. a little favorite ; a slight displeasure. Pet, v. to treat a3 a pet; to fondle. Pet'al, s. a flower-leaf. Pet'aline, a. pertaining to a petal. Pet'alism, s. a mode of banishment among the Syracusans, by writing the name of the offender on leaves. Pet'alous, a. having petals or flower-leaves. Petard', s. an engine to blow up places. Pet'asus, s. Mercury's winged cap. Petechia? [Lat.] s. plague spots. Petechial, a. spotted as in malignant fevers. Pet'erel, s. a kind of sea-bird. Pe'ter-pcnce. s. a tribute or tax formerly paid by this country to the Pope. Petiole, s. the foot-stalk of a leaf. Pet'it, [Fr.]«. small, inconsiderable. Peti"tion, s. a request, a prayer; an entreaty Peti"tion. v. to supplicate, to solicit. Peti'lionary, a. supplicatory, petitioning. Peti"tionarily, ad. by petition. Petitioner, s. one who offers a petition. Petit-mai'tre, [Fr.] s. a fop, a coxcomb. Pet'itory, a. petitioning, claiming. Petre'an, a. pertaining to rock or stone. Petres'eence,,?. process of changing into stone. Petres'ccnt, a. becoming stone, hardening. Petrifac'tion, e. process of petrifying; that which has been petrified. Petrifac'tive. a. able to turn to stone. Petrif'ic. a having power to change to stone. Petrifica'tion, *. the process of petrifying. Pet'rify. v. to change to or become stone. Prtio'leum. .?. rock-oil, a liquid bitumun. Pct'roncl, s. a horseman's pistol. Petrosi'lex, s. rock stone ; compact felspar. Petrosili"cious, a. consisting of petrosilex. Pet'rous, a. like stone ; hard, stony. Pet'ticoat, s. a female's lower vestment. Pet'tifogger, s. a petty small-rate lawyer. Pettifog'gery, s. the practice of a pettifogger Pet'tifogghig, a. low, mean, paltry. Pet'tiness, s. littleness ; unimportance. Pet'tish, a. apt to be peevish, froward. Pet'tishly, ad. in a pet ; fretfully. Pet'tishness, s. fretfulncss, peevishness. Pet'titoes. s. the feet of a young pig. Pet'to, [It.] s. the breast ; in reserve. Pet'ty, <7. small, inconsiderable, little. Pet'ulance, s. sauciness. peevishness. Pet'ulant, a. saucy, perverse, wanton. Pot'ulantly, ad. with petulance. Pew, s. a seat enclosed in a church. Pe'wet, s. the lap-wing. Pew'ter, a\ a compound of tin, lead, and brass, Pew'terer, s. one who works in pewter. Pha'eton, s. an open chaise. Phagedenic, a. eating or corroding flesh : 5 a medicine to eat away proud flesh. Phal'anx, s. a troop of soldiers closely em- bodied ; a square battalion. Phan'tasm, s. a vision ; a spectre ; a fantasy. Phantasmagoria, s. an optical illusion, bj which phantoms are represented. Phan'tom, s. a spectre ; a fancied vision. Pharisaic, Pharisaical, a. pertaining to the Pharisees ; externally religious. Pharisa'icalness, s. devotion to external rites. Pharisa'ism, s. the doctrine and practice of the Pharisees. Pharise'an, a. resembling the Pharisees. Pharisee, s. a sect among the Jews pretend- ing to great holiness. Pharmaceu'tic, Pharmaceu'tical, a. relating to the preparation of medicines. Pharmaceu'tics, s. the science of pharmacy. Pharmacol'ogy, s. a treatise on pharmacy. Pharmacopoeia, s. a dispensatory, or a book containing rules for the preparation of medicines. Phar'macy, *. the art or practice of preparing or compounding medicines. Pha'ros, *. a lighthouse, a watch-tower. Phar'ynx, s. the upper part of the gullet. Phase, Pha'sis, s. an appearance : pi. phases. Pheas'ant, s. a gallinaceous bird remarkable for the beauty of its plumage. Pheas'antry, s. an enclosure for pheasants. Phecse, v. to comb, to fleece. Phenicop'ter, [Gr.] s. a red-winged bird, the flamingo. Phenomenon, s. any extraordinary appear- ance in nature : pi. phenomena. Phi'al, s. a small bottle : v. to put in a phial. Philanthropic, Philanthrop'ical, a. desirous of doing good ; loving mankind. Philanthropist, s. one who loves, and wishes to benefit mankind. Philan'thropy, s. love of mankind ; universal benevolence. Philharmonic, a. loving harmony. Philhellenic, a. loving Greece. Phil'libeg. See Fill ibeg. Philip'pic, s. any invective declamation, Philippine, v. to declaim against. Philol'oger, a - , a philologist. PHI 210 PIC Philolo"gical, a. critical ; grammatical. Philol'ogize, v. to offer criticisms. Philol'ogist, s. one skilled in philology. Philol'ogy, s. the science or knowledge of lan- guages ; grammatical learning ; criticism. Phil'omath, s. a lover of learning. Phil'omel, s. the nightingale. Philos'opheme, s. a principle of reasoning. Philos'opher, s. one skilled in philosophy. Philos'opher's-stone, s. a stone dreamed of by alchymists, -which by its touch trans- mutes base metals into gold. Philosoph'ic, Philosoph'ical, a. belonging to philosophy ; like a philosopher. Philosophically, ad. rationally ; wisely. Philos'ophism, s. the practice of sophistry. Philos'ophist, s. a lover of sophistry. Philosophis'tic, Philosophis'tical, a. pertain- ing to the love of sophistry. Philos'ophize, v. to form hypotheses to ac- count for natural and moral effects or phenomena ; to moralize. Philos'ophy, s. the love of wisdom ; expla- nation of the causes of things; knowledge, natural or moral ; the course of sciences read in the schools. Phil'ter, s. something to cause love. Phil'ter, v. to charm to love. Phiz, s. the face, the countenance. Phlebot'ornize, v. to let blood. Phlebot'omist, s. one who lets blood. Phlebot'omy, s. the act of blood-letting. Phlegm, s. a cold thin humor of the. body ; dulness ; coldness ; indifference ; viscid matter discharged from the throat in coughing. Phlegmat'ic, a. troubled with phlegm ; dull. Phlegmat'ically, ad. coldly ; dully. Phleg'mon, s. a tumor, an inflammation. Phleg'monous, a. inflammatory ; burning. Phleme, 5. an instrument to bleed cattle, but usually written Fleam. Phlogis'tic, a. inflammatory, hot. Phlogis'ton, s. the principle of inflammabil- ity ; a chemical liquor very inflammable. Phce'nix, s. the bird which is fabled to exist single, and to rise again from its own ashes. Phonetic, a. capable of sound. Phonic, a. pertaining to sound. Phonics, s. the doctrine of sounds. Phonocamp'tio, a. able to inflect sounds. Phonol'ogy, s. a treatise on sounds. Phos'ph orate, v. to combine or impregnate with phosphorus. Phos'phorated, a. combined or impregnated with phosphorus. Phosphores'ce, v. to emit phosphoric light. Phosphores'ceuee, s. phosphoric light. Plios | >] r :'; i ■:.!', <7. shining with a faint light. Phosphoric, a pertaining to phosphorus. Phos'phorus, Phos'phor, s. the morning star; a very inflammable substance. Photol'ogy, s. the doctrine of light. Piiotom'eter, s. an instrument for measuring the relative intensities of light. Phrase, s. an idiom or niodo of speech. Phrase, v. to employ peculiar expressions. Phraseolo"gical, a. relating to a phrase. Phras*col'ogy, s. style or manner of expres- sion ; a collection of phrases. Phrenet'iCj a. inflamed in the brain; frantic. Phrenet'ic, s. one who is wild and erratic id his imagination ; a madman. Phren'ic, a. belonging to the diaphragm. Phreni'tis, s. inflammation of the brain. Phreiiol'ogy, s. the science which professes to explain the disposition and qualities of th;irted, a. timid ; frightened. PPgeon-holes, s. small cavities or divisions made in shelves for letters or papers. Pi"gcon-]ivered, a. mild, gentle, soft. Pi"geon-pea, s. the name of a plant. Pig'gin, s. a small wooden vessel Pig'-headed, a. headstrong ; stupid. Pigme'an. See Pygmean. Pig'ment, s. paint ; colors for painting. Pig'my. See Pyg'my. Pignoration, s. the act of pledging. Pig'norative, a. pledging, pawning. Pig'nut, s. an earth nut. Pig'sty, s. a hovel for pigs. Pig'tail, s. a queue; twisted tobacco. Pigwid'geon, s. a fairy ; any thing very smalL Pike, s. a fish ; a lance used by soldiers. Pi'ked, a. sharp ; ending in a point. Pi'kelet, s. a light cake or muffin. Pi'keman, s. a soldier armed with a pike. Pi'kestaff, s. the wooden handle of a pike. Pilas'ter, s. a small square column. Pilch, Pil'cher, s. a cloak or coat of furs. Pil'chard, Pil'cher, .?. a fish. Pile, s. a heap, an accumulation ; an edifice ; a piece of wood driven into the ground to secure the foundation ; the nap of cloth. Pile, v. to heap upon ; to accumulate. Pile, s. the head of an arrow ; one side of a coin . Pi'leated, a. formed like a cover or hat. Pi'ler, s. he who accumulates. Piles, s.pl. a disease, the hemorrhoids. Pi'leworm, s. a worm found in the piles Pi'lewort, s. a plant deemed medicinal. Pil'fer, v. to practise petty theft. Pil'ferer, s. one who steals petty things. Pil'fering, Pil'fery, 5. petty theft. Pil'feringly, ad. with petty theft. Pil'garlic, s. a poor forsaken wretch. Pil'grim, s. a traveller, a wanderer, one who travels to sacred places for devotion. Pil'grimage, s. a journey for devotion. Pill, s. a small round ball of physic. Pill, v. to dose with pills. Pill, v. to pillage, to plunder. Pill, v. to peel or come off in flakes. Pil'lage, s. plunder: v. to plunder, to spoil. Pillager, s. a plunderer, a spoiler. Pil'lar, s. a column ; a supporter. Pil'lared, a. supported by or like pillars. Pillau', Pillaw / , s. a dish common in Turkey, made of boiled rice and mutton fat. Pil'lion, s. a woman's saddle, a pad. Pil'lory, s. an instrument of punishment. Pil'lory, v. to punish with the pillory. Pil'low, s. a cushion of feathers to rest the head on : v. to rest as on a 2>iUow. Pil'low-case, s. the cover of a pillow. Pilo'se, Pi'lous, a. hairy, full of hairs. PiJos'ity, s. hairiness ; roughness. Pi'lot, s. one who steers a ship ; a guide. Pi'lot, v. to steer ; to direct or guide. Pi'lotage, s. the pay or office of a pilot. Pi'lot-fish, s. the name of a fish. Pi'lotry, s. the skill of a pilot. Pil'ser, s. the moth that hies into a flame. Pimen'ta, Pimen'to, s. Jamaica pepper. Pimp, s. a procurer, a pander. Pimp, v. to pander, to procure. Pimp'ing, a. little, petty, mean. Pim'pernel, 5. the name of a plant. Pim'ple, s. a small red pustule on the skin. Piru'pled, a. having pustules ; fuJ 1 of pimples. Pin, s. a short pointed wire for clothes ; a peg, a bolt. Pin, v. to fasten with pins ; to fix. t, s. the Mild pine. Pin'case, s. a case to keep pins in. fastening PIN 212 Pin'cers, Pin'ehers, 5. an instrument for gri- ping an )' thing to be held fast or drawn out. Pinch, v. to squeeze, to gripe ; to be frugal. Pinch, s a painful squeeze with the fingers. Pinch'bcck, s. a mixed gold-colored metal. Pinch'er. s. one that pinches. Pinch'fist, Pinch 'penny, 5. a miser. Pin'cushion, s. a stuffed bag to stick pins in. Pindar'ic, a. like Pindar, lofty, sublime : s. an irregular kind of ode. Pin'dust, s. the dust of the metal in making pins; small particles of metal. Pine, s. a forest tree. Pine, v. to languish, to grieve for, to waste away : s. woe, want. Pineal, a. applied to a gland in the brain. Pine'apple, s. a fruit, the ananas. Pine'ful, a. full of woe and lamentation. Pi'nery, s. a place where pine-apples are raised by artificial heat. Pin'feather, 5. a feather as it begins to shoot. Pin'feathered, a. not fully fledged. Pin'fold, s. a place to pen cattle in. Pin'guid, a. fat, unctuous, greasy, plump. Pin'hole, s. a small hole or puncture. Pin'ion, s. the wing of a fowl ; a feather; the tooth of a wheel ; fetters for the arms. Pin'ion, v. to bind the wings ; to bind the arms ; to tie or bind. Pin'ioned, a. furnished with wings; bound. Pink, s. a small eye ; a flower; alight crim- son color ; any thing of surpassing excel- lence ; a little fish, the minnow. Pink, v. to work in eyelet holes ; to pierce, to stab ; to wink. Pink'eyed, a. having little eyes. Pin'makcr, s. one who makes pins. Pin'money, s. a wife's pocket money. Pin'nace, s. a ship of war's boat. Pin'nacle, s. a turret, a high spiring point. Pin'nacled, a. furnished with pinnacles. Pin'nated, a. formed like a wing. Pin'ner, s. part of a head-dress ; a pinmaker. Pint, s. half a quart. Pin'tle, s. a little pin ; an iron bolt. Pi'ny, a. abounding with pine trees. Pioneer', s. a soldier employed to clear the way for an army. Pi'ous, a. devout, godly, religious. Pi'ously, ad. in a pious manner. Pip, S. a spot on cards, &c. Pip, s. a disease of fowls. Pip, v. to chirp or cry as a bird. Pipe, s. a long tube ; a tube for smoking ; a musical instrument; the key or sound of the voice ; a liquid measure containing two hogsheads. Pipe, v. to play on a pipe ; to sound shrilly. Pi'per, s. one who plays on a pipe. Pi'ped, a. formed like a pipe. Pi'pc-fish, s. a kind of fish. Pi'ping, a. weak, sickly, feeble; boiling hot. Pip kin, s. a small earthen boiler. Pip'pin, s. a small apple. Piq'uancy, s. sharpness ; tartness ; severity. Piq'uant, a. sharp, pungent ; severe. Piq'uantly, ad. sharply; tartly. Pique, s. ill-will, petty malice, grudge. Pique, v. to stimulate ; to give offence, to irritate ; to pride or value. Fiquet', s. a game at cards. PIT: Pi'racy, s. robbery at sea ; literary theft. Pi'rate, s. a sea robber ; a plagiary. Pi'rate, v to rob ships; to steal from authors. Pirat'ical, a. predatory ; robbing. Piratically, ad. by piracy ; by robbery. Pirouet'te, s. a twirling round in dancing. Pirouet'te, v. to twirl round on one foot. Pisca'tion, s. the act or practice of fishing. Pis'catory, a. relating to fish or fishing. Pis'ces, s. the fishes, a sign of the zodiac. Pis'cine, a. pertaining to fishes. Pisciv'erous, a. fish-eating, living on fish. Pish ! int. a contemptuous exclamation. Pis'mire, s. an ant or emmet. Pista'chio, s. a fragrant Syrian nut. Pistareen', s. a silver coin, value Dtf. Pis'til, s. that part of a plant by which the gender is characterized. Pistilla'tion, s. a pounding in a mortar. Tis'tol, 5. a small hand gun. Pis'tol, v. to shoot with a pistol. Pisto'le, s. a Spanish coin, value 17s. Pistolet', s. a little pistol. Pis'ton, 5. part of a pump or a syringe. Pit, s. a hole in the earth, a deep place ; an abyss ; the grave ; the floor or lowest part in a theatre ; an area for cock-fighting ; any hollow part or cavity, as the pit of the stomach, the arm-pit. Pit, v. to lay in a pit ; to mark with little pits or hollows, as with small-pox ; to set in competition, as cocks in a pit. Pit'apat, ad. in a flutter. Pitapat, s. palpitation ; a light quick step. Pitch, s. the resin of the pine. Pitch, v. to smear with pitch, to darken. Pitch, v. to throw headlong, to cast forward; to light ; to fix ; to fix a tent. Pitch, s. a degree of elevation. Pitch 'er, s. an earthen pot. Pitch'fork, s. a fork to load hay, &c. Pitching, s. the motion of a ship when her head and stern alternately plunge into a rough sea. Pitch'pipe,,? a pipe to pitch or set the key note. Pitch'y, a. smeared with pitch ; black, dark. Pit'coal, s. fossil coal dug out of a pit. Pit'eous, a. exciting pity, sorrowful. Pit'eously, ad. in a piteous manner. Pit'eousness, s. sorrowfulness ; tenderness. Pit'fall, s. a pit dug and covered over. Pith, s. the marrow of a plant ; strength, force, energy. Pith'ily, ad. with strength ; with energy. Pith'iness, s. energy, strength, force. Pith'less, a. wanting pith, wanting energy. Pith'y, a. consisting of pith; forcible. Pit'iable, a. deserving pity ; miserable. Pit'iableness, s. state of deserving pity. Pit'iful, a. tender, melancholy; mean, paltry. Pit'ifully, ad. mournfully ; despicably. Pit'ifulnoss, s. compassion ; despicableness. Pit'iless, a. wanting compassion, merciless. Pit'ilessly, ad. without mercy. Pit'ilessness, s. state of being pitiless. Pit'man, *. one who works in a pit. Pit'saw, s. a large saw used by two men. Pir't:mce, s. an allowance, a small portion. Pit'uite, s. mucus or phlegm. Pitu'itary, a. conducting phlegm or mucus. Pitu'itous, a. consisting of phlegm or mucufc PIT 213 PLA Pif y, s. sympathy with misery or pain ; compassion ; cause ot regret. Pit'y, v. to have sympathy or compassion for. Piv'ot, s. a pin on which any thing turns. Pix, s. the box for the consecrated hosr. Placability, Plac'ableness, s. the quality of being placable. Plac'able, a. that may he appeased. Placard', s. a written or printed paper posted in a public place; a not>ce ; a manifesto. Placard', v. to notify by placards. Place, s. a particular portion of space ; space in general ; locality ; existence ; residence, seat, mansion; rank, priority, station; public employment ; room, way. Place, v. to put in a place, to fix, to settle. Pla'ceman, s. one who has a place or office under government. Pla"cid, a. gentle, quiet, mild, soft. Placid'ity, s. mildness, gentleness. Pla"eidly, ad. mildly, gently, calmly. Pla"cidness, s. quietness, mildness. Pla"cit, s. a decree ; a decision. Plack'ct, Plaq'uet, s. a petticoat. Pla'giarism, s. literary theft : an appropriat- ing the ideas or works of another. Pla'giary, a. practising literary theft. Pla'giary, Pla'giarist, s. a literary thief. Plague, s. a pestilence ; trouble, vexation. Plague, v. to infect with pestilence ; to tease. Pla'gueful, a. infected with plagues. Pla'guily, ad. vexatiously ; horribly. Pla'guy, a. vexatious, troublesome, harassing. Plaice, s. a common kind of flat fish. Plaid, *. a variegated stuff, a Scotch dress. Plain, a. smooth, level, fiat; open, evident, clear; void of ornament, homely; artless, simple, downright, blunt, mere, bare. Plain, s. level ground ; a fiat expanse. Plain, v. to lament, to complain, to wail. Plain, ad. not obscurely; artlessly ; bluntly. Plaindeal'ing, s. acting without art. Plain-deal'ing, a. dealing with frankness and sincerity ; honest ; open. Plain'hearted, a. having a sincere and cpen heart; frank, sincere. Plain'heartedness, s. sincerity, frankness. Plain'ly, ad. frankly ; evidently. Plain'ness, s. the quality of being plain. Plain'spoken,«.speakingwith rough sincerity. Plaint, s. a lamentation, a complaint. Plaint'ful,#. complaining; audibly grieving. Plain'tiff, s. he that commences a suit. Plain'tive, a. expressive of sorrow, lamenting. Plain'tively, ad. in a plaintive manner. Plain'tiveness, s. state of being plaintive. Plaint'less, a. without complaint. Plain'work, s. common needle-work. Plait, s. a fold, a double : v. to fold ; to braid. Plan, s. a scheme, a project, a model. Plan, v. to scheme, to form in design. Pia'nary, a. pertaining to a plane. Planch, v. to cover with planks or boards. Planch ed, a. made of boards. Planch'ing, s. the laying of the floors. Plane, s. a level surface. : v. to level. Plane, s. an instrument for planing or smoothing boards : v. to use a plane. Pla'ner, s. one who smoothes with a plane. Pian'et, s. one of the heavenly bodies that revolve round the sun. Planeta'rium, s. an instrument which ex- hibits the motions of the planets. Plan'etary, a. pertaining to the planets. Plane-tree, s. a kind of tree, the platanus. Plan'et-struck, a. blasted as by a planet. Planim'etry, s. mensuration of plain surfaces. Plan'ish. v. to polish, to smoothe. Plan'isphere. s. a sphere projected on a plane. Plank, s. a thick strong board. Plank, v. to cover or lay with planks. Plan'ner, s. one who forms any design. Plano-con'cave, a. flat on one side and con- cave on the other. Plano-con'ical, a. flat on one side and conical on the other. Piano-con' vex, a. flat on one side and convex on the other. Plant, s. a vegetable ; a sapling. Plant, v. to set in the ground in order to grow ; to fix, to place, to establish. Plan'tain, s. an herb ; a tree and its fruit. Plan'tal, a. pertaining to plants Planta'tion, s. a place planted ; a colony. Plant'er, s. one who plants ; the owner of a plantation. Plant'ing, s. plantation ; something planted. Plash, s. a puddle, a watery place : v. to plash or dash with water, to splash. Plash, v. to entwine or interweave branches. Plash'y, a. watery, filled with puddles. Plasm, s. a mould, a matrix for metals. Plasmatic, Plasmat'ical. See Plastic. Plas'ter, s. lime to cover walls; a salve. Plas'ter, v. to cover with plaste: Plas't'erer, s. one who plasters walls. Plas'tering, s. work done in plaster. Plas'tic, a. having power to give form. Plasti"city, 5. the being plastic. Pias'tron, s. a piece of stuffed leather worn on the breast while fencing. Plat, s. a. plot or flat piece of ground. Plat, v. to weave, to plait: s. work formed by platting. Plat'ane, s. the platanus or plane-tree. Plate, s. a fiat piece of metal ; wrought silver ; a small shallow dish. Plate, v. to overlay with silver wash. Plateau', [Fr.] s. a large ornamental dish for the centre of a dinner-table. Plat'en. s. the flat part of a printing-press. Plat'form, *. a flat floor raised above the ground; a level formed by contrivance. Plat'ina, J. the name of a metal. Pla'ting, s. the art of covering with a coating of silver; a coating of silver. Platon'ic, a. relating to the opinions of Plato; intellectual, not sensual. Platon'ically, ad. after the manner of Plato. Pla'tonism, s. the philosophy of Plato. Pla'tonist, s. a follower of Plito. Pla'tonize, v. to reason like Plato. Platoon', 5. a small square body of musketeers. Plat'ter, s. a large earthen or wooden dish. Plat'ter-faced. a. having a broad face. Plau'dit. s. applause, approbation. Plau'ditory, a. praising, commending. Plausibil'ity, s. appearance of right. Plau'sible, a. superficially pleasing, specious. Plau'siblcness,*. speciousness; show of right. Plau'sibly, ad. with fair show, speciously. Plau'sive, a. applauding, plausible. PL A 214 PLU flay, s. amusement, sport, game ; a drama. Play, v. to sport, to game, to act, to perform. j Plar'-bil], s. a printed notice of a play. Piay'book, s. book of dramatic compositions. ! Play 'day, s. a day exempt from tasks or work. Play 'debt, s. debt contracted by gaming. Play'er, s. one who plays or performs. Play'fellow, s. a companion in youth. Piay'fui, a. sportive, merry. Play'iVily, ad. in a playful manner. Play'fulness, s. sportiveness, mirth. Play 'game. s. play of children. Play 'house, s. a house for acting plays in. Play'mate, s. a playfellow. Play'some, a. playful, sportive. Play'somoness, s. playfulness, sportiveness. Play'thing, s. a toy, a thing to play with. Play'wright, s. a maker or writer of plays. Plea, s. a form of pleading ; an apology. Pleach, v. to bend ; to interweave. Plead, v. to argue before a court of justice ; to offer as an excuse ; to defend. Plead'able, a. that may be pleaded. Pleader, s. one who pleads. Plead'ing, ,\\ the act or form of pleading. Pleasant, a. pleasing, agreeable, cheerful, gay, merry. Pleas'antly, ad. in a pleasant manner. Pleas'antness, s. delightfulness, gayety. Pleas'antry, *. gayety, merriment, lively talk. Please, v. to give pleasure, to delight, to gratify, to satisfy, to content, to like. Pleas'ing, a. giving pleasure. Plea 'singly, ad. so as to give delight. Plea'singness, s. quality of giving delight. Pleas'urable, a. delighi'ul, pleasant. Pleas'urableness, s. the being pleasurable. Pleas'urably, ad. with pleasure ; with delight. Pleas'ure, s. delight, gratification, choice. Pleas'ure. v. to please ; to gratify. Pleas'ure-boat. 5. a boat for amusement. Pleas'uro-ground, s. ground laid out in an ornamental manner, near a mansion. Pleas'urist, .?. a person devoted to pleasure. Plebe'ian, a. popular, vulgar, low, common. Plebe'ian, s. one of the common people. Plebe'ianism, s. vulgarity: low-breeding. Pledge, i. any thing given as security ; a pawn, a surety ; an invitation to drink. Pledge, v. to give as security ; to put in pawn ; to invite to drink. Pledg'er, s. one who offers a pledge. Pled'get, s. a small mass of lint. Ple'iades, s. a constellation, the seven stars. Plen'arily, ad. fully, entirely, perfectly. Plen'ariness, s. fulness; completeness. Plen'arty, s. state of an occupied benefice. Plen'ary. a. full, entire, perfect. Pleniia'nary, a. relating to the full moon. Plenip'otence, s. fulness of power. Plenip'oter.t. a. invested with full power. Plenipotentiary, .?. a negotiator invested with full power: a. containing full power. Ple'nist, s. a philosopher who holds that all space is full of matter. Plenitude,. v. fulness, completeness, repletion. Plen'teous, a. plentiful, copious, abundant. Pler.'teously, ad. copiously, abundantly. Plen'tcousness, s. abundance, plenty. Plen Ti tul, a. abundant, plenteous, copious. Plentifully, ad. copiously, abundantly. Flen'tifulness, s. state of being plentiful. Pien'ty, s. abundance, copiousness. Ple'onasm, s. a redundancy of words. Pieonas'tic, Pleor.as'tieaL a. redundant. Pleonas'tically, ad. redundantly. Pleroph'ory. s. full persuasion or confidence. Pleth'ora, Plcth'ory, s. a fulness of habit. Plethor'ic, a. having a full habit. Pleu'risy, s. an inflammation of the mem- brane which covers the inside of the thorax. Pleurit'ic. a. diseased with a pleurisy. Plev'in. j. in law. a warrant or assurance. Pliability, J. flexibility; pliableness. Pli'able. a. flexible, bending, complying. Pli'ableness. s. the quality of being pliable. Pli'aney, s. easiness to be bent ; flexibility. Pliant, a. flexible ; easily persuaded. Pli'antness, s. the quality of being pliant. Pli'ca, [Lat.] s. a platting or tangling, ap- plied to a disease of the hair. Pli'cate, Pli'cated. a. folded : plaited. Plica'tion, Plic'ature, s. a fold ; a doubling. Pli'ers, s. a kind of small pincers. Plight, s. condition, state, ease ; pledge. Plight, v. to pledge, to give as surety. Plight'er, s. one that plights. Plinth, s. the flat square member under ths base of a column or pillar. Plod, v. to toil, to drudge, to travel along slowly; to study dully. Plod'der, s. a dull, heavy, laborious man. Plod'ding, s. close drudgery or study. Plot, s. a plat or a small flat or level piece of ground ; a plan, a scheme, a conspiracy ; the story of a play. Plot, v. to plan, to scheme; to conspire. Plot'ter, s. a contriver; a conspirator. Plough, s. an instrument of husbandry. Plough, v. to turn up with a plough. Plou'ghboy, .?. a boy that follows the plough. Plou'gher, s. one who ploughs the ground. Plou'ghing, s. the act of ploughing. Plou'ghland, s. land fit for tillage; as much land as a team can plough in a year. Plou'ghman, s. one that attends the plough. Plough-Mon'day, s. the Monday for begin- ning work after Twelfth Day. Plou'ghshare, *. the iron of a plough. Plov'er, s. the name of a bird, the lapwing. Pluck, s. a pull ; the liver, &c. Pluck, v. to snatch, to draw with nimblc- ness ; to strip of feathers. Plug, s. a stopple : v. to stop with a plug. Plum, *. a fruit ; dried grapes ; 100,000/. Plu'mage. s. feathers, a suit of feathers. Plumb, s. a leaden weight let down at the end of a line, a plummet. Plumb, v. to sound with a plummet. Plumb, ad. perpendicularly, as "plumb down," (often written "'plump.") Plumba'go, .y. a mineral, black-lead. Plumb'ean, a. leaden ; heavy, dull. Plum'beous. a. consisting of lead. Plum'ber, s. one who works upon lead. Plum'bery, j. the manufactures of a plumber. Plum'bline. s. a line perpendicular to the plane of the horizon. Plum'cake. s. a cake made with currants, &c. Plum'pudding, s. a pudding made with plums. Plume, j. a feather ; feathers worn as an or- nament ; token of honor; pride. PLU 215 POL Plume, v. to pick and adjust feathers ; to adorn, to make proud ; to strip of feathers. Plume-al'um, s. a kind of asbestos. Plu'meless, a. void of feathers. Plum'met,5.a leaden weight attachedto aline. Plumoslty, s. the state of having feathers. Plu'mous, a. feathery, like feathers. Plump, ad. suddenly, heavily. Plump, a. round and sleek, with fulness of flesh, fat, full. Plump, v. to fall heavily or suddenly. Pluinp'er, s. what plumps out ; a bouncer or lie ; a vote given to one candidate which might have been divided among the num- ber to be elected. Plump'ly, ad. roundly ; fully. Plump'ness, s. fulness; roundness, fatness. Plum-por'ridge, s. porridge with plums. Plum-pudding, 5. pudding made with plums. Plum'-tree, s. a tree producing plums. Plu'my, a. covered with or like feathers. Plun'der, s. pillage, spoil. Plun'der, v. to pillage, to spoil, to rob. Plun'derer, s. one who plunders. Plunge, v. to put suddenly under water ; to hurry into ; to fall into any hazard or dis- tress ; to throw the head downward and the heels up, as a horse. Plunge, s. the act of putting under water. Plun'geon, s. a sea-bird, the diver. Plun'ger, s. one that plunges ; a diver. Plu'ral, a. containing more than one. Plu'ralist, s. a clergyman who holds more benefices than one. Plurality, s. a number more than one. Plu'rally, ad. implying more than one. Plus, ad. more : s. an algebraic sign. Plush, s. a kind of shaggy cloth. Pluto'nian, Plutonic, a. pertaining to the theory of the Plutonists. Plu'tonist, s. one who believes the world to be formed from igneous fusion. Phi' vial, Plu'vious, a. rainy, wet. Pluviarn'eter, s. an instrument for measuring the quantity of rain that falls in any locality; a rain-gauge. Ply, v. to work closely ; to urge ; to bend. Ply, s. bent, turn, form, bias, fold. Ply'ing, s. importunate solicitation ; an en- deavour to sail against the wind. Pneumat'ic, a. relating to the air. Pneumat/ics, s. that branch of physics which treats of the air. Pneumatol'ogy, s. the doctrine of the pro- perties of elastic fluids ; also, the doctrine of spiritual substances. Pneumonic, a. pertaining to the lungs : s. a medicine for diseases of the lungs. Poach, v. to boil slightly. Poach, v. to stab, to pierce. Poach, v. to steal game ; to plunder by stealth. Poach'er, s. one who steals game. Pock, s. a pustule of the smallpox. Pock'et, *. a small bag inserted into clothes. Pock'et, v. to put in the pocket. Pock'ft-book, s. a pocket note-book. Pock'et-glass, s. a glass for the pocket. Pock'fretten, a. pitted with the smallpox. Pock'mark, s. a scar made by the smallpox. Poc'ulent, a. fit for drink, drinkable. Pod, s. the husk or shell of leguminous plants. Podag'rical, a. afflicted with the gout. Pod'ded, a. having its pods formed. Po'em, s. a composition in verse. Po'esy, s. the art of writing poems. Po'et, s. a writer of poems. Poetas'ter, s. a petty poet, a pitiful rhymer. Po'etess, s. a female poet. Poetic, Poet'ical, a. pertaining to poetry. Poetically, ad. by the fiction of poetry. Poet'ics, s. that branch of criticism which treats of the nature and laws of poetry. Po'etize, v. to write like a poet. Poet-lau'reat, s. one crowned with laurel, particularly applied to the king's poet. Po'etry, s. metrical composition, poems. Poh ! int. an exclamation of contempt. Poign'ancv, s. sharpness ; severity. Poign'ant, a. sharp, stimulating, satirical. Poign'antly, ad. in a stimulating manner. Point, s. a sharp end ; an indivisible part of space or time ; a dot, a stop, exact place, critical moment, punctilio, degree, aim ; the sting of an epigram ; a headland. Point, v. to sharpen to a point ; to aim ; to direct by pointing the finger; to show dis- tinctly ; to mark by stops. Point'-blank, s. the white mark at which aim is taken : a. direct ; horizontal : ad. at the very point ; directly ; horizontally. Point'ed, p. and a. sharpened ; epigrammatic. Point'edly, ad. in a pointed manner. Point'edness, s. sharpness ; keenness. Point'el, s. any thing on a point ; a pencil. Point'er, s. any thing that points ; a dog. Pointing, s. a sharpening ; a punctuation. Point'ing-stock, s. an object of ridicule. Point'less, a. without a point, blunt, obtuseu Poise, s. a weight, balance, equilibrium. Poise, v. to balance ; to weigh mentally. Poi'son, s. a deadly potion, drug, or juice ; venom ; any thing infectious or malignant. Poi'son, v. to infect with poison ; to corrupt. Poi'soner, s. one who poisons ; a corrupter. Poi'soning, s. the act of killing by poison. Poi'sonous, a. venomous, destructive. Pois'onously, ad. venomously. Poke, s. a small bag or pocket. Poke, v. to feel in the dark ; to search out. Po'ker, s. an iron bar used to stir the fire. Pola'cre, Pola'que, s. a Levantine vessel. Po'lar, a. pertaining to the poles. Poiar'ity, s. tendency to the pole. Polariza'tion, s. the act of polarizing light. Polarize, v. to communicate polarity. Pole, s. a native of Poland. Pole, s. a long pale or stake; a long staff; a- measure of 5i yards ; a tall piece of tim- ber erected. Pole, v. to furnish with poles. Pole, s. either extremity of the earth's axis, Po'leaxe, s. an axe fixed to a long pole. Po'lecat, s. a stinking animal, the fitchew. Po'le-davy, s. a sort of coarse canvass. Polem'ie, Polemical, a. controversial. Polemic, s. a disputant, a controvertist. Polemics,.?. the art or practice of controversy. Pole-star, s. the north star ; a guide. Police', s. the government or regulation of a city, town, or country ; the body or civil force employed to preserve order, and to protect life and property. T?OL 21 fi PO^ Poli"ceman, s. one of the police. Pol'icy, s. art of government ; prudence. Po'lish, a. pertaining to Poland. Polish, s. artificial gloss ; elegance. Pol'ish, v. to smoothe, to brighten ; to refine. Pol'ishable, a. capable of being polished. Polisher, s. what refines or polishes. Pol'ishing, s. brightness ; refinement. Poli'te, a. elegant of manners ; refined. Poli'tely, ad. with refinement, genteelly. Poli'teness, s. gentility, good breeding. Politic, a. versed in affairs; prudent, artful. Political, a. relating to politics. Politically, ad. with relation to politics. Politicas'ter, s. a petty pretender to politics. Politician, s. one skilled in politics. Politicly, ad. with policy ; artfully. Politics, s. the science of government. Polity, *. a form of government; civil consti- tution ; policy ; management. Pol], s. the head ; a list of those that vote. Poll, v. to lop the tops of trees ; to clip short, to shear ; to give a vote. Pollard, s. a tree lopped ; a clipped coin. Pollen, s. a fine powder contained in the anthers of flowers; a fine bran. Poller, .?. one that lops trees ; a voter. PoUicitalion, s. a voluntary promise. Pollinc'tor, s. one who prepares materials for embalming the dead. Pollock, s. a sort of fish. Poll'tax, s. a tax levied on heads. Pollule, v. to defile, to taint, to corrupt. Pollu'te, a. polluted, defiled. Pollu'tedness, s. the state of being polluted. Pollu'ter, s. a detiler, a corrupter. Pollu'tion, s. the act of defiling; defilement. Pol'lux, s. one of the Gemini or " Twin Stars ;" the other is called Castor. Polonai'se, s. a long robe edged with fur. Polone'se, s. the Polish language. Polonolse, s. a kind of movement in music. Poltroon', .v. a coward, a dastard, a scoundrel. Poltroon', a. base ; vile ; contemptible. Poltroon'ery, s. cowardice ; baseness. Polyan thus, s. the name of a flower. Polycotvled'onous/j. having many seed-lobes. Polye'dron. See Polyhedron. Polye'drous. See Polyhedrous. Polyg'amist. s. an advocate of polygamy. Polyg'amy, s. plurality of wives. Pol'ygarehy, s. government by many. Pol'vglot, a. having or containing many lan- guages : s. one who understands many languages. Pol'ygon, s. a figure of many angles. Pohg'onal, a. having many angles. Pol'ygram, s. a figure of many lines. Pol'y graph, s a manifold writer or machine for multiplying copies of a writing. Polyg'raphy, s. the art of writing in many or various ciphers. Polyhe'dral, Polyhe'drous, a. many-sided. Polyhe'dron, s. a solid of many sides. Polym'athy, s the knowledge of many arts, sciences, or subjects. Pol'ype, s. a water worm; the polypus. Polyphonic, a. having many sounds. Polvpli'unism, s. multiplicity of sound. Pol'ypode, s. an animal with many feet. Tol'ypous, a. having many feet 01 roots. Pol'ypus, s. a marine insect with many feet , a swelling or disease in the nostrils with many roots. Pol'ysperm, s. a tree with fruit of many seeds. Polysper'mous, a. having many seeds. Polysyllabic, Polysyllab leal, a. having many syllables ; pertaining to a polysyllable. Polysyl'lable, s. a word of many syllables. Polysyn'deton, s. a figure of speech in which conjunctions are purposely repeated. Polytec'hnic, a. comprehending many arts. Polytec'hnie-school, s. a school in which all the liberal arts are taught, but generally applied to a school for forming engineers, surveyors, &c. Polythe'ism, s. the doctrine or belief of a plurality of gods. Polythelst, s. one that holds or believes in a plurality of gods. Polytheislic, a. pertaining to polytheism. Poma'oeous, a. consisting of apples. Poma'de, s. a fragrant ointment. Poman'der, s. a perfumed ball of powder. Porna'tum, s. a scented ointment for the hair. Poma'tum, v. to apply pomatum to the hair. Pomegran'ate, s. a tree and its fruit. Po'meroy, s. a large kind of apple. Po'me-water, ,?. a sort of apple. Pomif 'erous, a. bearing fruit like apples. Pom'mel, 5. a knob on a sword or saddle. Pomlnel, v. to beat with the fist, to punch. Pomp, s. a grand procession; splendor, show, parade ; pride Pomposity, s. ostentatiousness. Pom'pous, a. stately, magnificent, showy. Potn'pously, ad. magnificently, showily. Pom'pousness, s. magnificence, splendor. Pond, *. a small pool or lake of water. Pon'der, v. to weigh mentally ; to think upon, Pon'derable, a. capable of being weighed. Pon'dcral, a. estimated by weight. Pon'derer, s. one who ponders. Pon'deringly, ad. with consideration. Ponderosity, s. weight, gravity, heaviness. Pon'derous, a. heavy, weighty, important. Pon'derously, ad. with great weight. Pon'derousness, s. heaviness, weight. Po'nent, a. setting as the sun; western. Poniard, s. a small pointed dagger. Poniard, v. to stab with a poniard. Pontac', s. a fine sort of claret. Pon'tage, s. bridge-duties for repairs. Pontee', s. an instrument used in glas» works in making bottles. Pon'tiff. s. a high priest ; the pope. Pontiflc, a. relating to high priests. Pontifical, a. belonging to a high priest: s. a book containing ecclesiastical rites and ceremonies. j Pontifical, a. bridge-building [Milton.] Pontificallty, s. the state and government of the pope ; the papacy. Pontificallv, ad. in a pontifical manner. Pontificals, s. pi. the full dress of a bishop or church dignitary. Pontificate, *. the popedom, the papacy. Pontifi"cial, Pontifi/'cian, a. relating to tho pontificate or pope. Pon'tifice, s. bridi>c-work, edifice of a bridge. Pontoon', *. a floating bridge of boats. Po'ny, s. a small horse. 217 POS Pool, s. a standing water ; a term at cards. Poop, s. the hindermost part of a ship. Poor, a. indigent, needy ; lean, emaciated ; barren, as soil ; mean, paltry, worthless ; wretched, pitiable, unfortunate. Poor'ly, ad. in poverty ; with little success : a. indifferent in health. Poor'ness, s. poverty, indigence, want ; sterility ; meanness. Pop, s. a smart, quick sound : ad. suddenly. Pop, v. to appear or go off suddenly ; to put forward or offer suddenly. Pope, s. the supreme head of the Roman Catholic Church. Po'pedom, s. the papacy, the pontificate. Po'pe-joan, s. a game at cards. Po'pery,^. Catholicism or the Roman Catholic religion, but applied offensively. Pop'gun, s. a child's gun. Pop'injay, s. a parrot, a woodpecker ; a fop. Po'pish, a. relating to or peculiar to popery. Po'pishly, ad. with tendency to popery. Pop'lai-, s. a tree : a. made of poplar. Pop'lin, s. a stuff of silk and worsted. Poplit'eal, Poplit'ic, a. pertaining to the ham or the knee-joint. Pop'py, s. the name of a plant. Pop'ulace, s. the multitude, the rabble. Pop'ular, a. pertaining to the people ; fitting or suitable to the people ; beloved by the people ; common, vulgar. Popularity, s. the favor of the people. Pop'ularize, v. to make popular or common. Pop'ularly, ad. in a popular manner. Pop'ulate, v. to furnish with inhabitants. Popula'tion, s. the whole people of a country. Pop'ulous, a. full of people or inhabitants. Pop'ulousness, s. the being populous. Por'cated, a. ridged ; formed in ridges. Por'celain, s. the finest sort of earthen ware. Porcella'neous, a. pertaining to porcelain. Porch, s. a portico, an entrance with a roof. Por'cine, a. pertaining to swine. Por'cupine, s. a sort of large hedgehog. Por'cupine-fish,s.afish covered with prickles. Pore, v. to keep looking at closely or intensely. Pore, s. a small opening or passage ; a spira- cle of the skin through which perspiration and humors evaporate. Po'rer, s. one who studies diligently. Pork, s. swine's flesh unsalted. Pork'er, Pork'ling, s. a young pig. Poros'ity, s. the quality of having pores. Po'rous, Po'ry, a. full of pores. Po'rousness, s. the quality of being porous. Porphyrinic, a. composed of porphyry. Por'phyry, s. a fine speckled marble. Por'poise, Por'pus, s. the sea-hog. Porra'ceous, a. like a leek, greenish. Por'ret, s. a scallion, a leek. Porridge, s. a kind of broth ; stirabout. Por'ridgepot, s. a pot for boiling porridge. Po/ringer, s. a vessel for holding porridge. Port, s. a gate or entrance ; a haven or har- bour ; an aperture in a ship's side through which cannon are discharged. Port, s. Oporto or Portugal wine. Port, s. carriage, bearing or mien. Port, v. to carry in form ; at sea, to carry (the helm) to the larboard. Port'able, a. that may be carried. Port'ableness, s. quality of being portable. Portability, s. fitness for being carried. Port'age, s. carriage ; price of carriage. Por'tal, s* a gate ; the arch of a gate. Port'ance, s. air, mien, port, demeanour. Port-cray'on, s. a pencil-case. Portcul'lis, s. a machine like a harrow hung over a gate, ready to be let down on the approach of an enemy : v. to shut up or close with a portcullis. Portcuriised, a. having a portcullis. Porte, s. the Ottoman or Turkish court. Portend', v. to forebode, to foretoken. Porten'sion, s. the act of foretokening. Portent', s. a prodigy ; an omen of ill. Portent'ous, a. ominous of ill ; monstrous. Port'er, s. one who carries burdens for hire. Port'er, s. a kind of strong beer, much drunk by porters. Port'er, s. a gate or door-keeper. Port'erage, s. carriage ; money charged for carriage. Portfolio, .y. a case for loose papers or prints. Port'glaive, Port'glave, s. a swordbearer. Port'hole, s.a, hole to point cannon through. Por'tico, s. a covered walk, a piazza. Por'tion, s. a part, a share, an allotment ; a wife's fortune : v. to divide, to endow. Por'tionist, *. one who has a certain acade- mical allowance or portion. Port'lincss, s. dignity of mien or bearing; bulk of person. Port'ly, a. grand of mien ; bulky in person. Portman'teau, s. a bag to carry clothes in. Port'mote, *. a court held in port towns. Por'trait, s. a picture drawn from life. Por'traiture, s. a painted resemblance. Portray', v. to draw in colors ; to describe vividly in words. Portray'er, s. one who portrays. Por'tress, s. a female keeper of a gate. Port'reve, *. the bailiff of a port town. Pose, v. to puzzle, to put down. Po'ser, s. one who or that which poses. Pos'ited, a. placed, set, ranged. Posi"tion, s. situation ; principle laid down. Positional, a. respecting position. Pos'itive, a. laid down ; absolute, direct, express ; real ; dogmatic : s. that which may be affirmed. Positively, ad. certainly, peremptorily. Pos'itiveness, s. peremptoriness; confidence. Pos'iture, s. the manner of being placed. Pos'net, s. a little basin ; a porringer. Pos'se-comitatus, [Lat.] s. the civil power of a shire or county. Possess', v. to have as an owner, to occupy to enjoy ; to obtain. Posses'sion, s. the state of owning ; the thinp possessed. Possessions, s. pi. houses and land ; wealth Posses'sive, a. having possession ; denoting possession ; a term in grammar. Posscs'sor, s. an owner, master, proprietor. Posses'sory, a. having possession. Pos'set, s. milk curdled with wine, &c. Pos'set, v. to curdle ; to turn. Possibility, s. the state of being possible. Pos'sible, a. able to be ; that may be done; not contrary to the nature of things. Pos'sibly, ad. with possibility ; perhaps. POS 218 POU Post,'*, a piece of timber placed or set erect ; a military station ; a situation or office ; a public letter-carrier; a speedy messenger; a quick manner of travelling ; a kind of paper. Post, v. to place, to fix ; to travel with post- horses, to travel with speed. Post'age, *. money paid for letters. Post'boy, s. a courier; a boy that rides post. Postchai'se, s. a light body-carriage. Postda'te, v. to date later than the time. Postdilu'vian, a. living since the flood. Post'er, s. a courier ; one that travels hastily. Poste'rior, a. happening after ; backward. Posteriority, s. the state of being after. Poste'riors, s.pl. the hinder parts, the breech. Posterity, s. succeeding generations. Post'ern, s. a back door ; a private entrance. Post-exis'tence, s. a future existence. Post-ha'ste, s. haste or speed in travelling. Postha'ste, ad. very fast or quick. Post'horse, s. a horse stationed for the use of couriers, or for travelling post. Post'bouse, s. a house to take in letters. Post'humous, a. born or published after one's decease. Post'buinously, ad. after one's death. Pos'til, s. a marginal note : v. to write mar- ginal notes ; to comment on a text. Postil'ion, s. one who guides the first pair of horses in a coach. Postlimin'iar, Postlimin'ious, a. contrived, done, or existing subsequently. Post'man, s. a courier ; a letter-carrier. Post'-mark, s. a post-office mark on a letter. Post'master, s. one who has charge of public conveyance of letters. Post'master-general, s. he who presidesiover the posts or letter-carriers. Postmerid'ian, a. being in the afternoon. Post'-note, s. a cash note for sending by post. Post-nup'tial, a. happening after marriage. Post-j/bit, s. a bond payable after the death of' the person therein named. Post-office, s. an office where letters are re- ceived for transmission by post. Post'-paid, a. having the postage paid. Postpo'ne, v. to put off, to defer ; to set below in value. Postponement, s. delay ; a putting off. Postposition, s. state of being put back or out of the regular place. Post'script, s. a writing added to a letter. Post'-town, s. a town where posthorses are kept, or in which there is a post-office. Pos'tu.-iant,s.one who demands or supplicates. Pos'tulate, s. a position assumed or supposed without proof: v. to beg or assume. Postula'tion, s. the act of assuming without proof ; supplication ; suit. Pos'tulatory, a. assumed without proof. Postula'tum, s. an assumed position. Pos'ture, s. position, place, attitude. Pos'ture, v. to put into a posture. Pos'ture-m aster, s. one who teaches artificial postures or attitudes. Po'sy, ,y. a motto on a ring ; a nosegay. Pot, s. a vessel to hold liquids or meat. Pot, v. to preserve seasoned meats in pots. Po' table, a. fit to be drunk, drinkable. Po'table, *. something that may be drunk. Po'tableness, s. the being potable. Potar'go, s. a WesHndian pickle. Pot'ash, s. a vegetable alkali obtained from the ashes of plants. Potas'sa, s. vegetable alkali, potash. Potas'sium, s. the metallic basis of potassa. Pota'tion, s. a drinking-bout ; a draught. Pota'to, s. an esculent root. Pot'bellied, a. having a protuberant paunch. Pot'belly, s. a protuberant paunch. Pot'boy, s. a servant in a public-house. Potch, v. to thrust, to push. Pot-compan'ion, s. a fellow-drinker. Po'tency, s. power, influence, efficacy. Po'tent, a. powerful, efficacious, mighty. Po'tentacy, J. sovereignty. Potentate, s. a monarch, a sovereign. Poten'tial, a. existing in possibility, not in act ; powerful, efficacious. Potentiality, s. possibility ; not actuality. Poten'tially, ad. so as to be potential. Po'tently, ad. powerfully, forcibly. Po'tentness, s. potency, powerfulness. Potes'tative, s. authoritative. Pot'hanger. See Pot'hook. Poth'er, v. to make a bustle, to perplex. Poth'er, s. a bustle, stir, confusion, tumult. Pot'herb, s. an esculent vegetable. Pot'hook, s. a hook on which a pot is hung over the fire ; any thing like it in shape. Pot'house, s. a low alehouse. Po'tion, s. a draught, commonly in physic. Pot'lid, s. the cover of a pot. Pot'sherd, s. a fragment of a broken pot. Pot'tage, j. any thing boiled for food. Pot'ter, s. a maker of earthen vessels. Pot'tery, *. a place where earthenware is made ; earthenware. Pot'tle, s. a measure of four pints. Pot-val'iant, a. heated to courage by liquor. Pouch, s. a small bag, a pocket. Pouch, v. to pocket ; to swallow. Pouch'mouthed, a. blubber-lipped. Poule. See Pool (at cards). Poult, s. a young chicken or fowl. Poul'terer, s. one who sells fowls. Poul'tice, s. a cataplasm or mollifying appli- cation to sores or inflammations. Poul'tice, v. to apply a poultice to. Poul'try, s. all kinds of domestic fowls. Poul'try-yard, s. a place to keep fowls in. Pounce, s. the talon or claw of a bird of prey ; cloth worked in eyelet holes. Pounce, v. to seize suddenly or "pounce upon," as a bird of prey ; to pierce, as with talons ; to perforate ; to work in eye- let holes. Pounce, s. the powder of gum-sandarach. Pounce, v. to sprinkle with pounce or powder. Poun'cet-box, s. a small box, perforated to allow the escape of scent or pounce. Pound, s. a weight ; the sum of 20 shillings. Pound, v. to beat as with a pestle. Pound, s. a pinfold or prison for trespassing cattle : v. to confine in a pound. Pound'age, s. an allowance or payment of so much in the pound. Pound'er, s. a cannon of a certain calibre. Pound'er, s. one that pounds. Pour, v. to empty liquids out of any to flow ; to rush tumultuously. POU 219 PRE Pout, s. a kind of fish. See Poult. Pout,©, to look sullen by thrusting out thelips. Pout'ing, s. a fit of childish sullenness. Pov'erty, s. indigence, want, meanness. PoVder,,?. dust; gunpowder, hairpowdcr, &c. Pow'der, v. to pound or reduce to powder. PowMer-box, s. a box for hair-powder. PoVder-chest, 5. a chest for gunpowder. Pow'der-horn, s. a horn for gunpowder. Pow / dering-tub, s. a vessel for salting meat ; a place for infected patients. Pow'der-mill, s. a mill in which gunpowder is manufactured. Pow'der-mine, s. a cave or hollow in which powder is placed for an explosion. Pow'der-room, s. the part of a ship in which the gunpowder is kept. Pow'dery, a. dusty, friable, soft. Pow'er, s. ability to do something, strength ; mental faculties ; the moving force in an engine ; a potentate ; military force ; au- thority, influence. Pow'erful, a. potent, mighty, efficacious. Pow'erfully, ad. potently, efficaciously. Pow'erfulness, s. efficacy, might, force. Pow'erless, a. weak, impotent, helpless. Pow'er-loom, s. a loom worked by steam. Powl'dron, s. in heraldry, that part of the armour which covers the shoulders. Pow'ter, s. a large-breasted pigeon. Pox, s. pustules of any kind. Poy, s. a rope-dancer's or waterman's pole. Practicability, s. practicableness. Practicable, a. that may be done. Prac'ticableness, s. the being practicable. Prac'ticably, ad. so as to be practicable. Prac'tical, a. relating to practice or action. , Prac'tically, ad. by practice; in real fact. Prac'ticalness, s. quality of being practical. Prac'ticc, s. habit, use, dexterity, method. Prac'tise, v. to do habitually or repeatedly ; to exercise a profession ; to try artifice. Prac'tiser, s. one that practises any thing. Practi"tioner, s. one engaged in any art or profession, particularly that of medicine. Praeeog'nita, [Lat.]s. things pre viouslyknown. Pragmat'ical, a. meddling, officious. Pragmatically, ad. in a meddling manner. Pragmat'icalness, s. the quality of intermed- dling without right or call. Prag'matist, s. an intermeddling person. Prai'ree, s. a large extent of meadow ground. Praise, s. commendation, renown, fame. Praise, v. to commend, to applaud. Prai'seful, a. laudable, commendable. Prai'seless, a. void of praise. Prai'ser, s. an applauder, a commender. Praise wor'thily, ad. commendably. Praisewor'thiness, 5. a deserving of praise. Prai'seworthy, a. deserving praise. Prame, Praam, s. a flat-bottomed boat. Prance, v. to spring or bound. Pran'cing, s. the act of bounding, as a horse. Prank, s. a frolic, a trick, a wild flighty act. Prank, v. to dress ostentatiously. Prank'er, s. one who dresses ostentatiously. Prank'ing, s. ostentatious decoration. Prate, s. tattle ; unmeaning loquacity. Prate, v . to talk idly ; to chatter. Pra'ter, s. an idle talker ; a chatterer. Pra'tiog, s. chatter ; idle prate. Pra'tihgly, ad. with idle loquacity. Pra'tique, [Fr.] s. a licenca for a ship td traffic after performing quarantine. Prat'tle, s. empty talk ; trifling loquacity. Prat'tle, v. to talk trifiingly, to chatter. Prat'tler, s. a trifling talker, a chatterer. Prav'ity, s. depravity, wickedness. Prawn, s. a shell-fish like a shrimp. Prax'is, s. practice ; a practical exercise. Pray, v. to ask with earnestness ; to suppli- cate, to entreat ; to petition the Supremo Being ; to beseech. Pray'er, s. a supplication to Heaven. Pray'erbook, s. a book of prayers. Pray'erless, a. not using prayer. Pray'ingly, ad. with supplication to God. Preach, v. to pronounce a public discourse on religious subjects ; to sermonize. Preach'er, s. one who preaches, a minister. Preach'ership, s. the office of a preacher. Preach'ing, s. a public religious discourse. Preach'ment, s. a discourse affectedly solemn. Pre-acquain'tance, s. previous knowledge. Pre-acquaint'ed, a. previously acquainted. Pre-administra'tion, s. previous administra- tion. Pre-admon'ish, v. to caution beforehand. Pre-admoni"tion, s. previous warning. Pre'amble, s. an introduction, a preface. Pre'amble, v. to preface, to introduce. Pre-am'bulary, a. previous, introductory. Pre-am'bulate, v. to walk or go before. Pre-ambula'tion, s. awalking or going before. Pre-am'bulatory, a. going before. Pre-apprehen'sion, s. a notion or opinion formed before examination. Preb'end, s. a stipend in a cathedral church. Preben'dal, a. belonging to a prehend. Preb'endary, S. a stipendiary of a cathedral. Preb'endaryship, s.the office of aprefoendu r\ . Preca'rious, a. depending on the will of an- other ; uncertain. Precariously, ad- so as to be precarious. Preca'riousness, s. state of being uncertain. Prec'ative, Prec'atory, a. beseeching. Pre-cau'tion, s. a previous caution. Pre-cau'tion, v. to warn beforehand. Precau'tional, Precau'tionary, a. containing previous caution ; preventive. Preceda'neous, a. previous, anterior. Prece'de, v . to go before. Prece'dence, Prece'dcncy, s. the act or state of going before, priority ; foremost place. Prece'deut, a. going before ; former. Pre"cedent, s. something done or said before, which serves as a rule or example for fol- lowing times. Pre"cedented, a. having a precedent. Precen'tor, *. he that leads the choir. Pre'cept, s. a rule, an injunction, a command. Precep'tial, a. consisting of precepts. Precep'tive, a. containing or giving precepts. Precep'tor, s. a teacher, a tutor. Precepto'rial, a. relating to a preceptor. Precep'tory, a. giving precepts: 5. a subor- dinate religious house for instruction. Preces'sion, s. the act of going before. Pre'cinct, *. an outward limit, a boundary. Pre"cious, a. valuable, costly, of great price. Pre"ciou»ly, ad. to a great price; valuably. Pre"ciousness, s . valuableness ; worth. L2 PRE 220 PRE Pre"cipice, s. a headlong steep, an. abrupt or perpendicular descent. Prccip'ient, a. commanding ; directing. Prccipitabil'ity, *. the quality or state of being precipitable. Precipltablc, a. capable of precipitation. Preeip'itance, Precipitancy, J. headlong or rash haste. Precipitant, s. a liquor to precipitate the in- gredients in a solution. Precip'itant, a. falling or rushing headlong, hasty ; rashly hurried. Precipltantly, ad. in headlong haste. Precip'itate, v. to throw headlong ; to hurry or hasten greatly ; to cast (as sediment) to the bottom : s. a medicine formed by pre- cipitation. Precip'itate, a. headlong, steep ; hasty, violent. Precip'itate! y, ad. hastily, in blind hurry. Pre'cipita'tion, s. the act of precipitating ; that which is precipitated ; headlong hurry, blind haste. Precipitator, s. he that urges on rashly. Precip'itous, a. headlong, rash, hasty ; .steep. Precipitously, ad. in a precipitous manner. Preeip'itousness, s. the being precipitous. Prcci'se. a. formal, affected, finical, exact. Preei'sely, ad. exactly, nicely, formally. Preci'seness, s. exactness^ nicety, formality. Precis'ian, s. one who is rigidly exact. Procis'ianism, s. excessive exactness. Precision, s. exact limitation, nicety. Preci'sive, a. exactly limiting. Preclu'de, v. to shut out, to prevent. Preclusion, J. the act of precluding. Preclusive, a. hindering by anticipation. Preclu'sively, ad. so as to shut out. Preco'cious, a. ripe before the time. Preco'ciousness, s. precocity. Preco"city, s. ripeness before the time ; early maturity. Prcco"gitate, v. to consider beforehand. Precogita'tion, s. previous consideration. Precognition, s. previous knowledge. Preconipo'se, v. to compose beforehand. Preconceit', s. a notion previously formed. Preconcei've, v. to form an opinion before- hand ; to imagine beforehand. Preconcep'tion, s. an opinion previously formed. Preconcert', v. to concert beforehand. Preconcert'ed, a. settled beforehand. Preconiza'tion, s. in law, proclamation. Preconsi'gn, v. to consign beforehand. Precontract, s. a previous contract. Precontract', v. to contract beforehand. Prccur'sor, s. a forerunner, a harbinger. Precur'sory, a. introductory. Prccur'sorv, s. an introduction. Preda'ceous, a. living by prey or plunder. Pre'dal, a. plundering, robbing. Pred'atory, a. practising rapine, plundering. Predecea'sed, a. dead before. Predeces'sor, s. one who has preceded another in any place or office. Predesign', v. to design beforehand. Predestina'rian, a. relating to predestination. Predestina'rian,.v. one who holds the doctrine of predestination. Predes'tinate, p. and a. predestinated. Prcdes'tinate, v. to decree beforehand. Predestina'tion, s. a supposed decree or pro- determination of God, from all eternity, with regard to the salvation of some and not of others. Predcs'tine, v. to decree beforehand. Predeter'minate, a. determined beforehand. Predetermination,.?, previous determination. Predetermine, v. to determine previously. Pre'dial, a. relating to farms. Predicabillty, s. capacity of being affirmed. Pred'icable, a. that which may be affirmed. Prcd'icable, s. a logical term of affirmation. Prcdic'amcnt, s. a category, class, kind, con- dition, situation. Predicumen'tal, a. relating to predicaments. Pred'icant, s. one that affirms some thing. Predicate, s. what is affirmed of a subject. Predicate, v. to affirm or declare. Predica'tion, 5. affirmation, declaration. Predica'tory, a. affirmative, positive, decisive. Predict', v. to foretel ; to prophesy. Prediction, s. a foretelling ; a prophecy. Predic'tive, a. foretelling ; prophetic. Predic'tor, s. one who foretels. Predigcs'tion, s. digestion too soon performed. Prcdilec'tion, s. a prepossession in favor of any particular person or thing. Prcdispo'nent, a. that which predisposes. Predispo'se, v. to dispose beforehand. Prodisposi"tion, s. previous inclination. Predominance, s. prevalence, superiority. Predom'inant, a. prevalent, ascendant. Predominantly, ad. prevalently. Predominate, v. to prevail, to be superior, to be ascendant; to rule over. Predomination, s. superior influence. Pre-elcct', v. to choose beforehand. Pre-clec'tion, s. previous choice or election. Pre-eminence, s. eminence above others. Pre-eminent, a. eminent above others. Pre-eminently, ad. with pre-eminence. Pre-emp'tion, s. the right, or the act of buy- ing any commodity before other persons. Preen, s. an instrument for dressing cloth. Preen, v. to cleanse, to trim. Pre-enga'gc, v. to engage beforehand. Pre-enga'gcment, s. prior engagement. Pre-establish, v. to establish beforehand. Pre-establishment, j. settlement beforehand. Pre-examina'tion, s. previous examination. Pre-cxamlne, v. to examine beforehand. Pre-exist', v. to exist beforehand. Prc-exist'ence, s. existence beforehand. Pre-exist'ent, a. existing beforehand. Preface, s. something spoken or written aa introductory to a discourse or book. Preface, v. to say something introductory. Prcf 'acer, s. the writer of a preface. Prefatory, a. introductory. Prelect, s. a governor, a commander. Prefecture, s. the office of a prefect. Prefer', v. to regard or esteem more ; to pro. mote or advance; to bring or put forward. Preferable, a. eligible above another. Prcf 'erablcnoss, s. state of being preferable. Preferably, ad. in preference. Preference, s. act of preferring; estimation or choice of one thing before another. Prcfer'mcnt, s. advancement, promotion. Prefer'rer, s. one who prefers. Prefig'urate, v. to show beforehand. PRE 221 PKE Prefigura'tion, s. previous representation. Prefig'urative, a. showing by previous signs. Prefig'ure, v. to exhibit beforehand. Prefini"tion, s. previous limitation. Prefix', v. to fix or put before. Pre'fix, j. a particle placed before a word. Prefix'ion, s. the act of prefixing. Preform', v. to form beforehand. Preful'gency, s. superior brightness. Preg'nable, a. that may be taken. Preg'nancy, s. the state of being pregnant ; fruitfulness ; inventive power. Preg'nant, a. being with young, breeding ; fruitful ; full of, teeming, ready, witty. Preg'nantly, ad. fruitfully, fully. Pre'gravate, v. to bear down ; to depress. Pregusta'tion, s. the act of tasting first. Prehen'sile, a. seizing, taking hold of. Prehen'sion, s. a taking hold ; a seizing. Pre-instruct', v. to instruct previously. Pre-intima'tion, s. previous intimation. Prejud'ge, v. to judge beforehand ; generally, to condemn beforehand. Prejudg'ment, s. judgment beforehand. Preju'dicacy, s. prepossession; prejudice. Preju'dicate, v. to form a judgment without examination ; to prejudge. Preju'dicate, a. fore-judged. Preju'dication, s. a judging beforehand. Preju'dicative, a. fore-judging. Prej'udice, s. prejudgment, prepossession ; injury, detriment. Prej'udice, v. to fill with prejudice ; to injure. Prej'udiced, a. prepossessed ; bigoted. Prejudicial, a. injurious, hurtful. Prejudi"cially, ad. so as to prejudice. Prejudicialness, s. the being prejudiced. Prel'acy, s. the office or dignity of a prelate ; bishops collectively. Prel'ate, s. a bishop, a high ecclesiastic. Prel'ateship, s. office of a prelate. Prelat'ical, a. relating to prelates or prelacy. Prelat'ically, ad. with reference to prelates. Prela'tion, s. a preference ; a setting above. Prel'atist, s. an advocate for prelacy. Prel'ature, s. the state or dignity of a prelate. Prelect', v. to read a lecture, to lecture. Prelec'tion, s. a reading ; a lecture. Prelec'tor, s. a reader; a lecturer. Preliba'tion, s. an effusion before tasting, in honor of some deity. Prelim'inary, a. previous, introductory. Preliminary, s. something preparatory. Prel'ude, s. a flourish of music introductory to a concert ; something introductory ; something that shows what is to follow. Prelu'de, v. to introduce, to preface. Prel'uder, s. one who plays a prelude. Prelu'dious, a. previous ; introductory. Prelu'sive, Prelu'sory, a. introductory. Prematu're, a. ripe too soon ; too soon said or done ; too early ; too hasty. Prematu're] y, ad. too early ; too soon. Prematu'reness. 5. the being premature. Prematu'rity, 5. unseasonable earlinoss. Premed'itatc, v. to think, conceive, or con- trive beforehand. Premcd'itated, a. contrived beforehand. Premed'itately, ad. with premeditation. Premedita'tion, s. the act of premeditating. Premer'it, v. to deservo before another. Prem'ices, s. first fruits. Pre'mier, a. first, chief, principal. Pre'mier, s. the prime minister. Pre'miership, s. the office of the prime or first minister of state. Premi'se, v. to lay down as premises ; to ex- plain previously. Prem'ises, s. in logic, the two first proposi- tions of a syllogism ; things premised gen- erally ; in law, houses or lands. Prem'iss, s. one of the premises in a syllo- gism ; an antecedent proposition. Pre'mium, 5. something given to invite a loan or a bargain, a bonus ; a reward. Premon'ish, v. to warn beforehand. Premon'ishment, s. previous information. Premoni"tion, s. previous warning. Premon'itory, a. giving previous warning. Premon'strate, v. to show beforehand. Premonstra'tion, 5. a showing beforehand. Premuni're, s. a writ in the common law, the penalties of which are incurred by persons who introduce foreign authority, particu- larly that of the Pope. Premuni"tion, s. anticipation of objection. Preno'men, s. a name among the Romans answering to our first or Christian name. Prenom'inate, v. to name beforehand. Prenomina'tion, s. the being named first. Preno'tion, s. foreknowledge, prescience. Prensa'tion, J. a seizing with violence. Pren'tice. See Apprentice. Prenun'ciate, v. to declare beforehand. Prenuncia'tion, s. the act of telling before. Pre-ob'tain, v. to obtain beforehand. Pre-oc'cupancy, s. a taking of first possession. Pre-oc'cupate, v. to anticipate ; to prepossess. Pre-occupation, s. previous possession. Pre-oc'cupy, v. to take previous possession of. Pre-om'inate, v. to prognosticate. Pre-opin'ion, s. an opinion previously formed. Pre-op'tion, s. the right of first choice. Pre-ordain', v. to ordain beforehand. Pre-or'dinance, s. an antecedent decree. Pre-or'dinate, a. preordained. Pre-ordina'tion, s. the act of preordaining. Preparation, .?. the act of preparing; the thing prepared ; previous measures. Prepar'ative, a. serving or tending to prepare. Prepar'ative, s. that which prepares. Prepar'atively, ad. by way of preparation. Prepar'atory, a. introductory, antecedent. Prepa're, v. to make ready, to fit, to adjust, to qualify ; to provide. Prepa'rcdly, ad. so as to be prepared. Prepa'redness, s. the state of being prepared. Prepa'rer, J. one that prepares. Prepen'se, a. premeditated ; contrived before- hand, as " malice prepense." Prepen'se, v. to deliberate beforehand. Prepol'lence, Prepol'lency, s. prevalence. Prepol'lent, a. predominant. Preponderance, .?. superiority of weight. Prepon'derant, a. outweighing. Preponderate, v. to outweigh. Prepondera'tion, s. the act of outweighing. Preposi"tion, s.in grammar, a particle usually placed before a noun, and governing a case. Preposi"tional, a. pertaining toa preposition. Prepos'itiYe, a. put before : s. a word or par- ticle put before another word PEE 222 PEE s'itor, s. a pupil appointed by the mas- ter to overlook the rest ; a monitor. Prepos'iture, J. the office of a provost. Prepossess', v. to prejudice, to bias. Preposses'sion, s. prior possession ; prejudice. Preposses'sor, s. a previous possessor. Prepos'terous, a. having that first which should be last ; absurd, wrong, foolish. Prepos'terously, ad. absurdly, foolishly. Prepos'terousness, s. absurdity, folly. Prepo'tency, s. predominance : superiority. Prepo'tent, a. mighty ; very powerful. Pre'puce, s. the foreskin. Prerequi're, v. to demand beforehand. Prerequisite, a. previously necessary : s. something previously necessary. Preresol've, v. to determine beforehand. Prerogative,.?, an exclusive privilege or right. Prerog'ative-Court, *. a court for the trial of testamentary causes. Prerog'atived, a. having prerogative. Pres'age, Presa'gcment, J. a prognostic. Presa'ge, v. to forbode ; to foretel. Presa'geful, a. foreboding; full of presage. Presa'ger, s. one who, or that which presages. Pres'byter, s. an elder ; a pastor, a priest ; a presbyterian. Presbyte'rial, a. presbyterian. Presbyte'rian, a. pertaining or relating to presbyterianism : *. one who belongs to a church governed by presbyters or elders. Presbyte'rianism, s. the doctrines and discip- line of presbyteriar.s. Pres'bytery, s. a church court consisting of the pastors and ruling elders within a cer- tain district. Pre 'science, s. a knowledge of futurity. Pre'scient, a. foreknowing; prophetic. Prescind', v. to cut off ; to abstract. Prescind'ent, a. cutting off; abstracting. Pre'scious, a. having foreknowledge. Prescribe, v. to set down authoritatively ; to direct ; to direct medically Prescri'ber, s. one who prescribes. Prc'script, a. prescribed, directed byprecept. Pre'script, s. a direction, a precept. Prescription, 5. a medical recipe ; custom continued till it has the force of law. Prescrip'tive, a. established by custom. Pres'ence, s. state of being present ; mien, bearing ; quickness at expedients. Pres'ence-chamber, s. the room in which a great person receives company. Presensa'tion, s. a previous sensation or idea. Presen'sion, s. perception beforehand. Pres'ent, a. being before ; not absent ; not past, nor future ; ready at hand : s. the present time. Present', v. to place in the presence of; to introduce to the notice of a superior ; to give formally ; to offer or hold out ; to nominate to a benefice. Pres'ent, s. a gift, a donation. Presentable, a. that may be presented. Presenta'neous, a. ready, immediate. Presenta'tion, s. the act of presenting ; the gift of an ecclesiastical benefice. Presen'tative, a. admitting of presentation. Presentee', s. one presented to a benefice. Fresent'er, s. one that presents. Presen'tial, a. supposing actual presence. Presential'ity, s. state of being present. Presen'timent, J. a previous notion or feeling. Present'ment, s. the act of presenting; any thing presented or represented ; a bill pre- sented or brought before a grand jury. Preser'vable, a. that may be preserved. Preservation, 5. the act of preserving ; the state of being preserved. Preservative, a. having power to preserve : s. that which has the power of preserving. Preser'vatory, a. tending to preserve : s. that which has the power of preserving. Preser've, v. to save, to keep ; to season or pickle fruits and vegetables. Preser've, s. fruit preserved in sugar ; a place where game is preserved. Preser'ver, s. one who preserves. Presi'de, v. to be set over; to have authority over ; to direct. Presidency, s. presidentship. Pres'ident, s. one who presides, a governor. Presiden'tial, a. relating to a president. Pres'identship, s. the office of a president. Presid'ial, Presid'iary, a. relating to a gar- rison ; having a garrison. Presignifica'tion, J. the act of signifying or showing beforehand. Presig'nify, v. to signify or show beforehand. Press, v. to squeeze, to crush, to compress, to constrain, to urge, to force, to push against, to crowd. Press, s. an instrument for pressing ; a printing machine ; a case or frame in which clothes, &c, are kept ; a throng, a crowd ; a hurry, urgency. Press'-bed, s. a bed that shuts or folds up in a press or case. Press'er, s. one that presses ; a pressman. Press'-gang, *. a detatchment from a ship's crew for pressing men into the navy. Pressing, a. importunate ; urgent. Press'ingly, ad. with force ; urgently. j Pres'sion, s. the act of pressing ; pressure. Press'man, s. a printer who works at a press ; one of a press-gang. Press'money, s. money for pressed men. Pres'sure, s. the act of pressing ; state of being pressed ; force, weight ; urgency, distress ; an impression. Prest, a. ready ; neat, tight : J. a loan. Presti'ge, [Fr.] s. an illusion; a dazzling. Pres'tiges, s. pi. illusions; juggling tricks. Prestigia'tion, j. a deceiving ; a juggling. Presti"giator, s. a juggler, a cheat. Presti"giatory, Presti"gious, a. juggling ; practising tricks ; imposing upon. Pres'to, ad. [Ital.] quick (a musical term.) Prestric'tion, s. a dazzling ; a dimness. Presu'mable, a. that may be presumed. Presu'mably, ad. without examination. Presu'me, v. to take for granted, to suppose, to affirm without proof: to venture or attempt ; to form confident or arrogant opinions. Presu'mer, s. one that presumes. Presu'ming, a. arrogant, confident. Presump'tion, s. the act of presuming ; the thing presumed ; a supposition, probabi- lity ; arrogance. Presumptive, a. supposed ; probable. Presump'tively, ad. by previous supposition. PRE 223 PRI Presump'tuous, a. arrogant, haughty. . Presumj/tuously, ad. with arrogance. Presump'tuousness, s. arrogance. Presuppo'sal, s. previous supposition. Presuppo'se, v. to suppose beforehand. Presupposi'tion, s. previous supposition. Presurmi'se, s. surmise previously formed. Preten'ce, s. a pretext ; an assumption. Pretend', v. to show hypocritically ; to sim- ulate ; to allege falsely ; to claim. Pretend'edly, ad. by false representation. Pretend'er, s. one who claims or arrogates to himself what does not belong to him. Pretendingly, ad. with pretence. Pretention, s. a claim ; a false appearance. Preterimper'fect, a. in grammar, the tense not perfectly past. Pre'terite, a. in grammar, the past tense. Preteri'lion, s. the act of going past. Preterlap'sed, a. past and gone. Preterlegal, a. exceeding the limits of law. Pretermit 'sion, s. the act of omitting. Pretermit', v. to pass by, omit, neglect. Preternat'ural, a. not natural ; irregular. Preternaturallty, Preternat'uralness, s. state of being out of the order of nature. rreternat'urally, ad. in a manner different from the common order of nature. Preterper'fect, a. perfectly past (in grammar). Preterplu'perfect, a. time relatively past, or past before some other past time. Pretext', s. a pretence ; false allegation. Pre'tor, s. a Roman judge ; a mayor. Preto'rial, a. done by a pre tor ; judicial. Preto'rian, a. relating to a pretor ; judicial. Pre'torship, s. the office of a pretor. Pret'tily, ad. neatly, elegantly, agreeably. Pret'tiness, s. beauty ; elegance ; neatness. Pret'ty, a. handsome, beautiful, neat. Pret'ty, ad. in some degree, nearly. Pretyp'ify, v. to prefigure. Prevail', v. to overcome, to be in force, to have power over, to persuade. Prevail'ing, a. predominant, prevalent. Prev'alence, Prev'alency, s. superiority ; predominance ; influence ; fcree. Prev'alent, a. powerful, predominant. Prevalently, ad. powerfully ; forcibly. Prevar'icate, v. to cavil, to quibble. Prevarica'tion, s. double dealing ; shuffling. Prevar'icator, s. a caviller, a shuffler. Preve'ne, v. to hinder; to come before. Preve'nient, a. preceding, preventive. Prevent', v. to go before, to hinder, to obstruct. Preveut'able, a. capable of being prevented. Prevent'er, s. one that prevents or hinders. Prevent'ingly, ad. so as to prevent. Preven'tion, s. hinderance, obstruction. Prevcn'tional, a. tending to prevent. Preventive, a. preservative, hindering. Preventive, s. a preservative. Preven'tively, ad. by way of prevention. Pre'vious, a. antecedent, going before, prior. Pre'viously, ad. beforehand; antecedently. Pre'viousness, s. antecedence. Previs'ion, s. a seeing beforehand, foresight. Prewarn', v. to forewarn. Prey, s. spoil, plunder, booty; food ob- tained by violence. Prey, v. to feed by violence ; to plunder. Prey'er, s . a robber, devourcr, plunderer. Price, s. the sum at which any thing is va- lued or sold ; value ; reward. Price, v. to value ; to estimate. Priceless, a. invaluable ; without price. Prick, v. to pierce, to spur, to goad ; to in- cite ; to pierce with remorse ; to erect, as the ears ; to mark down a tune. Prick, s. a puncture, a spur, a point. Prick'er, s. a sharp-pointed instrument. Prick'et, s. a buck in his second year. Prick'ing, s. sensation of being pricked. Pric'kle, s. a small sharp point ; a thorn. Pric'kleback, s. a small fish. Prick'liness, s. fulness of sharp points. Prick'louse, s. a word of contempt for a tailor. Prickly, a. full of sharp points. Pride, s. inordinate self-esteem ; haughti- ness ; elevation ; ostentation ; splendor. Pride, v. to rate one's self too high. Pri'deful, a. full of pride, scornful. Pri'deless, a. void of pride. Pri'dingly, ad. in pride of heart. Pri'er, s. one who inquires too narrowly. Priest, s. one who officiates at the altar. Priest'craft, s. the art and practices of the clergy to gain power. Priest'ess, s. a female priest. Priest'hood, s. the office of a priest. Priest'like, a. resembling a priest. Priest'liness, s. quality of being priestly. Priest'ly, a. relating to a priest ; sacerdotal. Priest'ridden, a. governed by priests. Prig, s. a thief; a pert, conceited fellow. Prig, v. to steal, to filch. Prim, a. formal, precise, affectedly nice. Prim, v. to deck with affected nicety. Pri'macy, s. dignity or office of a primate. Pri'mal, a. first, original. Pri'marily, ad. originally, in the first place Pri'mariness, s. the state of being first. Pri'mary, a. first in order, chief, principal. Pri'mate, s. the chief ecclesiastic. Pri'mateship, s. the office of a primate. Prima'tial, a. pertaining to a primate. Prime, a. primal, first, early ; first-rate. Prime, s. the first part, the beginning ; the dawn, the morning ; the spring of life ; the best or choicest part ; the height. Prime, v. to put powder in the pan of a gun ; to lay the first colors on in painting. Pri'mely, ad. originally ; excellently, well. Pri'meness, s. state of being prime. Prim'er, s. the first book for children. Prime'ro, s. a game at cards. Prime'vous, a. original. Primi"genous, a. primogenial. Pri'ming, s. powder in the pan of a gun ; among painters, the first color. Primi"tial, a. of the first production. Primitive, a. original ; formal, precise ; primary, not derivative : s. a primitive or original word. Primitively, ad. originally, primarily. Primltiveness, s. state of being primitive. Prim'ness, 5. formality, demureness. Primoge'nial, a. first-born ; original. Primogenitor, s. a forefather, an ancestor. Primogeniture, *. state of being first born. Primogenltureship, s. right of eldership. Primordial, a. existing from the beginning. Primordial, s. origin ; first principle. PKI 224 FRO Primor'dian, s. a kind of plum. Primor'diate, a. existing from the first. Prim'rose, s. an early spring flower. Pri'mum-mob'ile, [Lat.] s. a first mover. Pri'my, a. blooming. Prince, s. a sovereign ; a king's son ; a chief. Prin'cedom, s. the rank or estate of a prince. Prin'celike, a. becoming a prince, princely. Prin'celiness, s. the being princely. Prin'ce'y, a. princelike. Prin'cely, ad. in a princelike manner. Prince's-feath'er, s. the herb amaranth. Prin'cess, s. a sovereign lady ; the daughter of a king ; a prince's consort. Prin'cipal, a. chief, capital, important. Prin'cipal, s. a head, a chief; one primarily engaged, not an accessary ; a sum placed out at interest. Principal'ity, s. the territory of a prince. Principally, ad. chiefly, above all. Prin'cipalness, s. the state of being chief. Prin'cipate, s. principality; supreme rule. Princip'ia, [Lat.] s. pi. first principles. Principia'tion, s. analysis into constituent or elemental parts. [Bacon.] Prin'ciple, s. element, constituent part; ori- ginal cause : fundamental truth ; ground of action; motive; tenet; a settled opinion. Prin'ciple, v. to establish or fix in any tenet. Prink, v. to prank, to deck for show. Print, s. a mark made by impression ; a cut in wood or metal to be impressed on paper ; the impression made ; the letters in a printed book ; a printed book. Print, v. to mark by pressure ; to impress with type ; to publish a book. Print'er, s. one who prints books, &c. Print'ing, s. the art or process of imprinting letters or words ; typography. Print'less, a. leaving no impression. Pri'or, a. former, antecedent, anterior. Pri'or, s. the head of a priory of monks. Pri'orate, s. government by a prior. Pri'oress, s. superior of a convent of nuns. Prior'ity, s. precedence in time or place. Pri'orly. ad antecedently. Pri'orship, s. office or dignity of a prior. Pri'ory, s. a convent inferior to an abbey. Prism, s. a kind of mathematical glass, tri- angularly formed, by the oblique action of which the refracted light assumes dif- ferent colors. Prismat'ic, a. formed like a prism. Prismat'ically, ad. in the form of a prism. Pris'moid, s. a solid body like a prism. Pris'on, s. a jail, a place of confinement. Pris'on, v. to imprison ; to confine. Pris'onbars, .y. a kind of rural play. Pris'oner, s. a captive ; one under arrest. Pris'onhouse, s. a place of confinement. Pris'cnment, s. imprisonment; captivity. Pris'tine, a. first, ancient, original. Prith'ee, a corruption of I pray thee. Pri'vacy, s. secrecy, retirement. Pri'vate, a. belonging to one's self ; indivi- dual, particular, alone ; not public ; not open, secret. Pri'vate, s. a common soldier. Privateer', s. a private ship of war licensed by government to take prizes from the enemy. Pri'vate] y, ad. secretly, not openly. Pri'vatcness, s. secrecy ; privacy ; retirement. Priva'tion, s. the state of being deprived of something; loss; absence. Priv'ativc, a. causing privation, negative. Priv'ative, s. that which exists by the absence of something else ; as silenee, which exista by the absence of sound. Priv'atively, ad. so as to be privative. Priv'ativeness, s. state of being privative. Priv'et, s. an evergreen plant. Privilege, s. a peculiar advantage, a right not universal ; immunity. Privilege, v. to grant a privilege, to exempt. Priv'ilv, ad. privately, secretly. Priv'ity, s. secrecy ; private knowledge. Priv'y, a. private, secret; privately knowing. Priv'y, s. a necessary house. Privy-coun'scllor, s. a member of the privy council of state. Privy-seal', Privy-sig'net, s. the seal used by the king previous to the great seal. Prize, s. a reward gained ; booty. Prize, v. to set a price on ; to value highly. Pri'zefighter, s. one who fights for a reward. Pri'zer, s. one that values. Pro'a, Proe, s. a long narrow vessel used in the South Seas. Probability, s. likelihood ; appearance of truth ; evidence of argument. Prob'able, a. likely, or like to be. Prob'ably, ad. likely, in all likelihood. Pro'bate, s. the proof of a will, &c. Proba'tion, s. the act of proving ; proof, evidence ; moral trial ; novitiate. Proba'tional, Proba'tionary, a. serving for trial or proof. Proba tioner, s. one upon trial ; a novice. Proba'tionship, s. state of probation. Proba'tor, [Lat.] s. an examiner, an approver. Probe, s. an instrument used by surgeons for probing or examining wounds: v. to try with a probe; to search or try thoroughly. Prob'ity, s. uprightness, integrity, veracity. Prob'lom, s. a question proposed for solution. Problemat'ical, a. questionable, uncertain. Problematically, ad. uncertainly. Problem'atize, v. to propose problems. Probos'cis, s. the trunk of an elephant. Proca'cious, a. petulant, pert, saucy. Proca"city, s. sauciness, petulance. Procatarc'tic, a. tending remotely to the commencement of a disease. Proce'dure, s. manner of proceeding. Proceed', v. to go forward or forth ; to ad- vance ; to go on ; to prosecute. Proceed'cr, s. one who goes forward. Procced'ing, s. a transaction ; legal process. Pro"eeeds, s. pi. the money arising out of a commercial transaction ; the income. Proceleusmat'ic, a. inciting by songs. Proce're, a. tall, of lofty stature. Proeer'ity, s. tallncss, height of stature. Pro"cess, .?. a proceeding or moving forward ; course of law ; order of things. Proces'sion, s. an issuing forth ; a train of persons marching in ceremonious order. Proces'sional, a. relating to a procession. Proecs'sionary, a. going in procession. Pro'chronism, s. an error in chronology, by dating an event before it happened. PRO 225 PRO Pro"cidence, s. a falling down, a prolapsus. Proeid'uous, a. that falls from its place. Proclaim', v. to publish solemnly, to tell openly ; to outlaw by public denunciation. Proclaim'cr, s. one publishing by authority. Proclamation, x. a public notice given by authority ; a declaration of the king's will. Procli've, a. inclining. Procliv'ity, s. propensity, proneness. Procli'vous, a. inclined, tending. Procon'sul, 5. a Roman governor. Procon'sular, a. belonging to a proconsul. Proconsulate, s. the office of a proconsul. Procon'sul ship, s. the office of a proconsul. Procras'tinate, v. to put off from day to day. Procrastina'tion, s. delay, dilatoriness. Procras'tinator, s. a dilatory person. Pro'creant, a. generating, productive. Pro'create, v. to generate, to produce. Procrea'tion, s. generation, production. Pro'creative, a. generative, productive. Pro'creativencss, s. power of generation. Pro'creator, s. a generator, a begetter. Proc'tor, s. in, procurator or) one who man- ages the affairs of another ; an attorney in the spiritual court, an officer in a university. Proc'torage, s. management by a proctor. Proctor'ical, a. belonging to a proctor. Proc'torship, s. the office of a proctor. Procum'bent, a. lying down, prone. Procurable, a. that may be procured. Proc'uracy, s. the management of anything. Pi-ocura'tion, s. the act of procuring; man- agement of affairs for another. Procurator, s. a manager, an agent, a proctor. Procurato'rial, a. done by procuration. Procura'torship, s. office of a procurator. Proc'uratory, a. tending to procuration. Procu're, v. to obtain, to acquire ; to pimp. Procurement, s. the act of procuring. Procu'rer, s. an obtainer, a pimp, a pander. Procu'rcss, s. a bawd. Prod'igal, a. profuse;, wasteful, lavish. Prod'igal, s. a spendthrift, a waster. Prodigal'ity, s. extravagance, profusion. Prod'igally, ad. profusely, wastcfully. Prodi"gious, a. very great, amazing, mon- strous, enormous. Prodi"giously, ad. amazingly, enormously. Prodi"giousness, s. the being prodigious. Prod'igy, s. a preternatural thing; a mon- ster ; any thing astonishing. Prodi"tion, s. treason, treachery. Prodito'rious, a. traitorous, treacherous. Prod'itory, s. treacherous, perfidious. Pro'drome, s. a forerunner. Produ'ce, v. to bring forth, to yield, to cause. Prod'uce, s. that which is produced. Produ'cent, s. one who exhibits or offers. Produ'ccr. 5. one that generates or produces. Producibil'ity, s the power of producing. Produ'ciblc, a that may be produced. Produ'cibleness, s. state of being producible. Prod'uct, s. that which is produced; the sum; a result, an effect. Production, 5. the act of producing; what- ever is produced ; a product ; a work of art or study. Productive, a. having power to produce ; generative: fertile. Productiveness, s. state of being productive. Pro'em, s. a preface, an introduction. Pro'em, v. to preface, to introduce Proe'mial, a. prefatory, introductory. Profanation, s. violation of things sacred. Profa'ne, a. not sacred, irreverent, polluted. Profa'ne, v. to violate any thing sacred, to pollute ; to put to wrong use. Profa'nely, ad. irreverently, wickedly. Profa'neness, s. irreverence, impiety. Profa'ner, 5. one who profanes or pollutes. Profan'ity, s. profaneness, impiety. Profec'tion, s. advance, progression. Profess', v. to declare openly : to avow. Profess'edly, ad. openly, avowedly. Profes'sion, j. open declaration ; avocation or calling, particularly a learned one, as in law, physic, &c. Profes'sional, a. relating to a profession. Profes'sionally, ad. in a professional way. Profes'sor, s. one who openly professes any thing ; a public teacher of any branch of learning or science. Professo'rial, a. relating to a professor. Profes'sorship, s. the office of a public teacher of any art or science. Proffer, v. to offer of one's own accord. Proffer, s. an offer made. Prof ferer, 5. he that offers. Profi"cience, Profi"cieney, s. advancement in any thing ; improvement gained. Profi"cient, 3. one advanced in a study. Profic'uous, a. advantageous ; useful. Pro'filc, s. the side-face. Profit, s. pecuniary gain ; advantage. Profit, v. to gain advantage ; to benefit. Profitable, a. lucrative, beneficial. Profitableness, s. gainfulncss, usefulness. Profitably, ad. with profit, advantageously. Profitless, a. void of gain or advantage. Profligacy, s. profligate behaviour. Profligate, a. wicked, abandoned, shameless. Profligate, s. an abandoned wretch. Profligately, ad. in a profligate way. Profligatencss, s. the being profligate. Profliga'tion, s. defeat, rout. Proflnence, s. progress, course. Pro fluent, a. flowing forwards. Profound', a. deep; intellectually deep, deep in learning or science. Profound', s. the deep ; tho sea ; the abyss. Profound'!}-, ad. deeply; with deep insight. Profoundness, s. depth of knowledge. Profun'dity, s. depth of place or knowledge. Profu'se, a. lavish, wasteful, prodigal. Profu'sely, ad. lavishly ; prodigally. Profu'seness, s. lavishncss, prodigality. Profu'sion, s, lavishness, prodigality. Prog, s. victuals, provisions of any kind. Prog, v. to shift meanly for provisions. Progen'erate, v. to beget, to propagate. Progenitor, s. an ancestor in a direct line. Pro 'gen y, s. offspring, issue, race. Progno'sis, J. a foreknowing; that part of medicine by which the event of a disease is known from its symptoms. Prognostic, a. foreshowing, foretokening. Prognostic, s. a sign which foreshows. Prognos'ticable, a. that may be foretold. Prognosticate, v. to fortel, to foreshow. Prognostica'tion, s. the act of foretellirg. Prognos'ticator, s. one who foretels. L3 PRO 226 PRO Pro'gramme, s. a bill of the outline of an entertainment ; an advertisement. Progress, s. a going forward ; advancement, j Progress', v. to movo forward ; to advance. | Progression, s. the act of progressing ; re- gular advancement, course. Progrcs'sional , a. advancing, increasing. Progressive, a. going forward, advancing. Progressively, ad. by a regular course. Progress'iveness, s. the state of advancing. Prohib'it, v. to forbid, to debar, to hinder. Prohib'iter. s. one that prohibits. Prohibition, j. an interdiction. Prohibitive, a. implying prohibition. Prohibitory, a. containing a prohibition. Proj'ect, s. a scheme, contrivance, design. Project', v. to scheme, to contrive ; to jut out. Projoc'tilo, a. impelled forward. Projec'tile, s. a body impelled forward. Projee'tion, j. the act of throwing forward; a part jutting out as in a building ; a plan or delineation. Project'ment, s. design, contrivance. Projec'tor, 5. one who form? projects, gen- erally of a wild and fanciful nature. Projec'ture, s. a jutting-out. Prolap'se, v. to fall or to extend out too much. Prola'te, v. to pronounce, to utter. Pro'late, a. oblate, flatted at the poles. Prola'tion, s. utterance ; delay. Prolegom'cna, [Gr.] s. introductory remarks. Prolep'sis, s. an anticipation of objections. Prolcp'tic, Prolep'tical, a. anticipatory. Prolep'tically, ad. by way of anticipation. Proletarian, a. vulgar, mean, low. Pro'letary, 5. one of the lowest order. Prolific, Prolif'ical, a. fruitful, productive. Prolificacy, s. extreme fruitfuiness. Prolificacy, ad. fruitfully. Prolifica'tion, s. generation of children. Prolif icness, s. the state of being proline. Prolix', a. tedious, not concise, dilatory. Prolix'ity, s. tediousness ; want of brevity. Prolixly, ad. at great length ; tediously. Proloe'utor, s. the speaker of a convocation. Pro] editorship, s. the office of prolocutor. Prol'ogize, v. to deliver a prologue. Prorogue, j. a speech before a stage play. Prorogue, v. to introduce with a prologue. Prolong', v. to lengthen out, to put off. Prolon'gate, v. to lengthen or extend. Prolonga'tion, s. a lengthening; a delay. Prolong'er, s. one that prolongs. Prolu'sion, s. a prelude ; an introduction. Fromena'de, s. a walk for pleasure and show : v. to walk about. Prome'theau, a. pertaining to Prometheus. Prom'inencc, Prom'inency, s. a standing out; the. state of being prominent. Prominent, a. jutting or standing out. Prominently, ad. in a prominent manner. Promis'cuous, a. mingled ; indiscriminate. Promiscuously, ad. with confused mixture. Promis'ouousnoss, s. the being promiscuous. Promise, s. a declaration to do something for another, generally a benefit; hope; ex- pectation. Promise, v. to make a promise ; to assure. Promise breach, s. violation of a promise. Promise-breaker, s. a violator of promises. Prom'iscr, s. one who promises. Promising, a. affording hope of good. Prom'issorily, ad. by way of promise. Promissory, a. containing a promise. Prom'ontory, s. a headland, a cape. Promo'te, v. to forward, to advance ; to prefer. Promo'ter, 5. an advancer, an encourager. Promo'tion, s. encouragement, preferment. Promo'tive, a. tending to promote. Prompt, a. ready, quick, present. Prompt, v. to suggest words to ; to incite. Prompt'er, s. one who prompts. Promp'titude, s. readiness, quickness. Promptly, ad. readily ; expeditiously. Prompt' ness, s. readiness ; quickness. Promp'tuary, s. a repository, a magazine. Promp'ture, s. suggestion ; instigation. Promulgate, v. to publish, to teach openly. Promulga'tion, s. publication; exhibition. Promulgator, s. one who promulgates. Promul'ge, v. to promulgate. Promul'ger, s. a promulgator. Prona'tion, s. that position of the hand in which the palm is turned downward. Prona'tor, s. a muscle of the fore ami that helps to turn the palm downwards. Prone, a. bending downwards ; sloping, in- clined ; disposed or inclined to. Pro'neness, s. state of being prone. Prong, s. the spike of a fork ; a fork. Pronom'inal, a. belonging to a pronoun. Pro'noun, s. a word used for a noun. Pronoun'ee, v. to speak, to utter ; to pass judgment; to declare. Pronoun'ceable, a. that may be pronounced. Pronoun'cer, s. one who pronounces. Pronoun'cing, a. teaching the pronunciation. Pronunciation, s. act or mode of utterance. Pronun'ciative, a. uttering confidently. Proof, s. evidence ; argument ; test ; trial ; that which has been proved ; firmness ; a rough sheet of print to be corrected. Proof, a. impenetrable, able to resist. Proofless, a. wanting evidence, unproved. Prop, s. a support, that which holds up. Prop, v. to support, to sustain, to keep up. Prop'agable, a. that may be propagated. Propagand'a, [Lat.]^. things to be propagated. Propagan'dism, s. the propagating of tenets or principles. Propagan'dist, s. one who propagates. Prop'agate, v . to generate ; to increase, to spread abroad. Propagation, s. a generation, production. Prop'agator, s. one who propagates. Propel', v. to drive forward. Propend', v. to incline to any part or side. Propen'dency, s. tendency, inclination. Propen'se, a. inclined, disposed, prone. Propen'seness, s. natural tendency. Propen'sion, Propen'sity, s. inclination. Prop'er, a. one's own ; peculiar, fit, exact. Prop'erly, ad. fitly ; in a strict sense. Prop'erness, s. the quality of being proper. Property, s. a peculiar quality ; that which is one's own; possessions, an estate. Proph'asis, s. a foreknowledge of diseases. Prophecy, J. a prediction. Proph'esier, s. me who prophesies. Proph'esy, v. to predict, to foretel. Proph'esying, s. a foretelling ; a preaching. Proph'et, *. a foreteller of future events. PRO 227 PllO Proph'etess, s. a female prophet. Prophet'ic, Prophet'ical, a. foretelling. Prophet'ically, ad. as a prophet. Prophylac'tic, a. preventive, preservative. Prophylac'tic, s. a preventive medicine. Propi"tiatory, a. having the power to make propitious : s. the mercy-seat. Propina'tion, s. the act of propining. Propi'ne, v. to offer the cup in kindness. Propin'quate, v. to approach ; to draw near. Propin'quity, s. nearness, proximity, kindred. Propi"tiable, a. that may be propitiated. Propi"tiate, v. to conciliate ; to make atone- ment ; to induce to favor. Propitia'tion, s. an atonement for a crime. Propi"tiator, s. one that propitiates. Propi"tiatory, a. serving to propitiate. Propi"tious, a. favorable, kind, merciful. Propitiously, ad. favorably, kindly. Propi"tiousness, 5. favorableness. Pro'plasm, 5. a mould, a matrix. Proplas'tice, s. the art of making moulds. Propo'nent, s. one who makes a proposal. Propor'tion, s. a comparative relation of one thing to another ; ratio ; symmetry. Propor'tion, s. an equal part, ratio, size. Propor'tion, v. to adjust parts, to fit. Propor'tionable, a. adjusted, such as is fit. Propor'tionableness, s. the state or quality of being proportionable. Propor'tionably, ad. according to proportion. Propor'tional, a. having due proportion. Proportionality, s. the being proportional. Proportionally, ad. in proportion. Proportionate, a. adjusted to something else according to a certain rate, proportional. Proportionate, v. to adjust relatively. Proportionately, ad. with due proportion. Propor'tionateness, s. the state or quality of being proportionate. Propor'tionlcss, a. wanting proportion. Propo'sal, s. a proposition ; an offer. Propo'se, v. to offer for consideration. Propo'ser, s. one that proposes or offers. Proposition, 5. a thing proposed for consider- ation ; a proposal ; in logic, an affirmation or negation of one term about another. Proposi"tional, a. considered as a proposition. Propound', v. to propose for consideration. Propound'er, s. one that propounds. Proprietary, s. a possessor in his own right. Propri'etary, a. belonging to a certain owner. Proprietor, s. a possessor in his own right. Proprietress, s. a female possessor. Propriety, s. the state of being proper or fit ; suitableness ; ownership. Propu'gn, v. to defend, to contend for. Propugna'tion, s. a defence. Propu'gner, s. a defender, one who vindicates. Propulsa'tion, s. propulsion. Propul'sion, s. the act of driving forward. Propylae'um, 5. a porch, a portal. Prore, s. the prow or fore part of a ship. Prorep'tion, 5. the act of creeping on. Proroga'tion, s. prolongation ; a putting off parliament from one session to another. Proro'gue, v. to protract, to put off, to delay. Prorup'tion, s. the act of bursting forth. Prosa'ic, a. belonging to or like prose. Prosa'ist, s. a writer of prose. Prosce'nium, s. the fore part of a stage. Proscribe, v. to set down in writing for des- truction ; to doom to death ; to interdict. Proscri'ber, s. one that proscribes. Pro' script, s. a person proscribed. Proscrip'tion, s. the act of proscribing ; doom to destruction ; confiscation of property. Proscrip'tive, a. dooming to destruction. Prose, s. the usual way of speaking or writ- ing, in contradistinction to verse. Prose, v. to speak tediously. Pros'ecute, v. to follow ; to pursue by law. Prosecu'tion, s. a pursuit ; a criminal suit. Pros'ecutor, s. one who prosecutes. Pros'elyte, s. a convert to a new opinion. Pros'elyte, Pros'elytize, v. to make converts. Pros'elytism, s. desire to make converts. Prosemina'tion, s. propagation by seed. Pro'ser, s. a dull and tedious speaker. Proso'dian, s. one skilled in prosody. Prosod'ical, a. of or relating to prosody. Pros'odist, s. a prosodian. Pros'ody, s. that part of grammar that treats of the sound and quantity of syllables, and the measure of verse. Prosopopoe'ia, s. a figure in rhetoric, by which inanimate objects are personified ; personification. Pros'pect, s. a view as from a distance ; a view into futurity ; ground of expectation. Prospec'tion, s. the act of looking forward. Prospective, a. A-iewing at a distance, look- ing forward to the future. Prospectively, ad. in a prospective manner. Prospec'tus, s. the plan of a proposed work. Pros'per, v. to be successful, to thrive. Prosperity, s. success, good fortune. Pros'perous, a. successful, fortunate. Prosperously, ad. successfully, fortunately. Pros'perousness, s. prosperity. Prosterna'tion, .1. dejection, depression. Prosthesis, s. the placing of a letter or syl- lable to the beginning of a word. Pros'titute, a. vicious or corrupt for hire. Pros'titute, s. a public strumpet: a hireling. Pros'titute, v. to debase one's self for hire. Prostitu'tion, s. the act of prostituting. Pros'titutor, s. one who prostitutes. Pros'trate, a. laid flat along; lying at mercy. Pros' trate, v. to throw down ; to lie flat ; to cast one's self at the feet of another. Prostra'tion, s. the act of prostrating ; de- jection, depression. Prot'asis, s. a proposition ; maxim. Protat'ic, a. placed in the beginning. Pro'tean, a. pertaining to or like Proteus. Protect', v. to cover from danger, to shield. Protec'tion, s. a shelter, a defence. Protective, a. affording protection. Protec'tor, s. one who protects, a defender. Protee'torate, s. government by a protector. Protectorship, s. office of a protector. Protec'tress, s. a female who protects. Protend', v. to hold out, to stretch forth. Protest', v. to make a formal declaration ; to affirm solemnly. Prot'est, s. a solemn or formal declaration. Prot'estant, a. belonging to Protestants. Prot'estant, s. a member of the Protestant church or religion. Prot'estantism, s. the Protestant religion. Protestation, s. a solemn declaration, a vow. PRO 228 PSE Protcst'er, s. one -who protests. Prothon'otariship, s. the office of the princi- pal notary or register. Prothon'otary, s. a head register or notary. Pro'tocol, 5. the original copy of a writing. Protomar'tyr, s. the first martyr, St. Stephen. Pro'toplast, s. an original ; a model. Protoplas'tic, a. first formed. Pro'totype, s. the original of a copy. Protract', v. to draw out, to lengthen, to delay. Protract'er, s. one who protracts. Protrac'tion, s. a lengthening out, a delay. Protrac'tive, a. dilatory, delaying. Protrep'tical, a. hortatory, suasory. Protrac'tor, s. an instrument for laying down and measuring angles on paper. Protru'de, v. to thrust forward. Protru'sion, s. the act of thrusting forward. Protru'sive, a. thrusting or pushing forward. Protu'berance, J. a swelling, a prominence. Protu'berant, a. prominent, swelling. Protu'berate, v. to swell out or forward. Protubera'tion, 5. the act of swelling out. Protu'berous, a. protuberant. Proud, a. arrogant, haughty ; daring ; grand ; ostentatious. Proud'ly, ad. arrogantly, ostentatiously. Pro'vable, a. that may be proved. Pro'vably, ad. so as to be proved. Prove, v. to show by argument or testimony ; to bring to the test ; to try ; to experience. Proved'itor, Provcdo're, s. a purveyor. Prov'ender, s. food for brutes, hay, corn, &c. Pro'ver, s. one who shows by argument. Prov'erb, s. a short pithy sentence in com- mon use ; a saw, an adage. Prov'erb, v. to speak proverbially. Prover'bial, a. mentioned in a proverb. Prover'bialist, s. one who speaks in proverbs. Prover'bially, ad. in a proverb. Pro vi'de, v .to prepare ; to supply ; to stipulate. Provi'ded, p. supplied: ad. on condition. Prov'idence, s. foresight, timely care ; the care of God over his creatures. ProVident, a. foreseeing, prudent. Providcn'tial, a. effected by Providence. Providen'tially, ad. by the care or instrumen- tality of Providence. Prov'idently, ad. with wise precaution. Provi'der, s. one who provides or procures. Prov'ince, s. a conquered country ; a country governed by a delegate ; a region or divi- sion of a kingdom or state ; the proper office or business of any one. Provincial, a. relating to a province ; rude, unpolished : s. an inhabitant of a province ; an ecclesiastical governor. Provin'cialism, s. a provincial idiom. Provincial'ity, s. provincial peculiarity. Provi'ne, v. to propagate vines by laying a branch in the ground. Provis'ion, s. the act of providing ; the thing provided : pi. food, victuals ; measures taken ; terms settled. Provis'ion, v. to supply with provisions. Provis'ional, a. temporarily provided. Provisionally, ad. by way of provision. Provis'ionary, a. making provision. Provi'so, s. a stipulation, a condition. Provi'sor, s. a purveyor, a steward. Provisory, a. including a proviso. Provocation, s. the act of provoking or ex- citing anger ; a cause of anger. Provo'cativc, «. inciting, stimulating: j. any thing which stimulates the appetite. Provo'cativeness, s. the being provocative. Provo'ke, v. to challenge, to rouse, to enragb. Provo'ker, s. one that provokes. Provo'kingly, ad. so as to provoke. Prov'ost, s. the head of a college or corporate body ; the executioner of an army. Prov'ostship, s. the office of a provost. Prow, s. the head or fore part of a ship. Prow'ess, s. bravery, military courage. Prowl, v. to rove over ; to wander for prey. Prowl, s. a roving for prey. Prowl'er, s. one that roves about for prey. Proxi'mate, a. next, immediate. Proximately, ad. immediately. Prox'ime, a. immediate, nevt. Proxim'ity, s. nearness, neighbourhood. Prox'y, s. (procuracy) agency for another ;. a substitute for another. Prox'yship, s. office of a proxy. Pruce, s. Prussian leather. Prude, s. a woman over nice and scrupulous. Pru'dence, s. wisdom applied to practice. Pru'dent, a. practically wise, discreet. Pruden'tial, a. prudent, wise. Prudential'ity, s. the being prudential. Pruden'tial] y, ad. according to prudence. Pruden'tials, s.pl. maxims of prudence. Pru'dently, ad. wisely, discreetly. Pru'dery, s. overmuch nicety in conduct. Pru'dish, a. affectedly modest. Prune, v. to lop or cut off the superfluous branches of fruit trees ; to trim. Prune, s. a dried plum. Prunel'lo, s. a kind of silken stuff; a plum. Pru'ner, s. one that prunes trees. Pru'ning-hook, Pru'ning-knife, s. a hook or knife used in lopping trees. I Pru'ricncc, Pru'riency, s. an itching desire. j Pru'ricnt, a. having an itching or great desire. ] Pruri"ginous, a. tending to the itch. | Pruri'go, [Lat.Js. the itch. | Prus'sian, a. pertaining to Prussia. Prus'sian, s. a native of Prussia. Prus'sic-acid, s. an acid which is the coloring matter of Prussian blue, and one of the strongest poisons known. Pry, v. to inspect closely and officiously ; to peep impertinently: s. impertinent peep- ing or curiosity. Pry'ingly, ad. with impertinent curiosity. Psalm, s. a holy song, a sacred hymn. Psalm'ist, s. a writer of psalms. Psalmod'ical, Psalmod'ic, a. relating to psalmody. Psalm'odist, s. one who sings holy songs. Psalm'ody, s. a singing of psalms. Psahr.og'raphcr, s. a writer of psalms. Psal'tcr, s. the book of psalms. Psal'tcry, 5. a kind of harp for psalms. Pseu'do, a. false, counterfeit, pretended. Pseudo-apos'tlc, s. a false apostlo. Pseu'dograph, Pseudog'raphy, s. false writ- ing ; a counterfeit hand. Pseudol'ogy, .?. false speaking, lying. Pseudo-metal'lic (lustre), s. the lustre per- ceptible only when held towards the light. Pseudon'yinous, a. having a fictitious name. PSE 229 PUM Pseudo-philos'ophy, J. false philosophy. Pseudo-tin'ea, s. an insect like a moth. Pseudo-volca'no, s. a volcano that emits smoke and sometimes flame, but never lava. Pshaw ! int. expressing contempt, &c. Psitta'ceous, a. of the parrot-kind. Psycholo"gic, Psycholo"gical, a. relating to the doctrine or study of the soul. Psycleol'ogy, s. the doctrine of the soul, as distinct from the body. Ptar'migan, s. a bird ; the white grouse. Ptis'an, s. a cooling medical drink made of pearl barley, decocted with raisins, &c. Ptolema'ic, a. belonging to the system of Ptolemy, the astronomer ; in which the earth is supposed to be fixed in the centre of the universe. Pu'berty, s. ripeness of age. Pubes'ccncc, s. the state of puberty. Pubes'cent, a. arriving at puberty. Pub'lic, a. belonging to a state or nation ; not private, common, notorious. Pub'lic, s. the body of a nation ; the people, j Pub'lican, s. the keeper of a publie-house or I inn ; formerly, a tax collector. Publica'tion, 5. the act of publishing; a work printed and published. Pu'b'licist, s. a writer on the laws of nature and nations. Publicity, 5. state of being public. Pub'licly, ad. openly, in full view. Public-spir'ited, a. disposed to promote the public good. Publie-spir'itedness, s. a disposition to ad- ' vance the public good. Pub'lish, v. to make known, to set forth. Publisher, s. one who gives publicity to any j thing ; one who publishes a book. Puce, a. of a dark purple color. Pu'celage, s. state of virginity. Pu'coron, s. a kind of wood louse. Puck, s. a supposed sprite or fairy noted for mischievous pranks. Puck'ball, s. a fungous plant full of dust. Puck'er, s. any thing gathered into a fold. j Puck'er, v. to gather into plaits or folds. Pud'der, s. a noise, a bustle, a tumult. Pud'der, v. to make a bustle or tumult. Pud'ding, s. an intestine stuffed with edible j ingredients ; a kind of food variously ] compounded. Piid'ding-bag, Pud'ding-cloth, s. the bag or cloth in which a pudding is boiled. Pud'ding-pio, s. a pudding with meat baked. Pud'ding-sleeve, 5. a full sleevo like that of a full-dress clerical gown. Pnd'ding-stone, s. conglomerate sandstone. Pud'ding-time, s. the time of dinner. Pud'dle, s. a small dirty lake, a dirty plash. Pud'dle, v. to make muddy. Pud'dly, a. muddy, dirty, miry. Pu'dcney, s. sharnefacedness, modesty. Pudi"city, s. modesty, chastity. Pu'crilc, a. childish, boyish, trifling. Pueril'ity, s. childishness, boyishness. Puer'peral, a. relating to childbirth. Puer'perous, a. bearing children ; lying in. Puff, s. a small blast or breath of wind ; a fungous ball filled with dust ; a powdering puff; undeserved and inflated praise : any- thing light or porous. Puff, v. to swell with wind, to inflate ; to breathe thick andhard ; to praise with ex- aggeration. Puff-ball, s. a fungus full of dust. Puff'er, s. one that puffs; a boaster. Puff'in, s. a water-fowl ; a fish. Puff'iness, s. the quality of being turgid. Puff'ingly, ad. tumidly, with swell. Puff'y, a. windy, tumid, turgid. Pug, s. a small Dutch deg ; a monkey. Pugh ! int. expressing contempt. Pu'gil, s. a large pinch ; a small quantity. Pu'gil ism, s. practice of fighting with the lists Pu'gilist, s. a fighter, a boxer. Pugilis'tic, a. relating to prize-fighting. Pugna'cious, a. inclined to fight. Pugna"city, s. inclination to fight. Pu'isne, a. younger, junior, inferior, puny. Pu'issance, s. power, force, might. Pu'issant, a. powerful, mighty, forcible. Pu'issantly, ad. powerfully, forcibly. Puke, s. a vomit ; an emetic: v. to vomit. Puke. See Puce. Pul'chritudc, s. beauty, grace, comeliness. Pule, v. to whine, to cry, to whimper. Pu'licose, Pu'licous, a. abounding with fleas. Pu'ling, s. a cry as of a chicken; a whining. Pu'lingly, ad. with whining. Pulk'ha, s. a Laplander's travelling-sledge. Pull, s. the act of pulling, a pluck. Pull, v. to draw violently, to pluck, to tear. Pul'let, s. a young hen. Pul'ley, j. a small wheel for a running cord. Pul'lulate, v. to germinate, to bud. Pullula'tion, s. the act of budding. Pul'monary, a. pertaining to the lungs. Pul'monary, s. the plant Jung-wort. Pulmonic, a. pertaining to the lungs : s. a medicine for diseases of the lungs. Pulp, s. the soft part of fruit ; any soft mass. Pul'pit, s. an elevated place to speak from. Pulp'y, Pulp'ous, a. soft, full of pulp. Pul'satile, a. that may be beaten or acted upon by pulsation, as a drum. Pulsa'tion, 5. the act of beating or striking; also, the beating of the pulse. Puls'ative, a. beating, throbbing. Pul'satory, a. beating like the pulse. Pulse, s. the motion of an artery as the blood is driven through it; a throb; a vi- bration : v. to beat as the pulse. Pulse, s. leguminous plants, as neasand beans, Pulsif'ic, a. moving or exciting the pulse. Pul'sion, s. the act of driving forward. Pulta'coous, a. macerated. Pul'verable, a. that may be reduced to dust. PuFverate, v. to beat into powder. Pul'verin, s. ashes of barilla. Pulveriza'tion, s. the act of pulverizing. Pul'verize, v. to reduce to powder or dust. Pul'verous, a. consisting of dust or powder. Pulver'ulence, s. dustiness; abundance of dust or powder. Pulver'ulcnt, a. dusty, reduced to powder. Pul'vil, s. a sweet-scenfed powder. Pul'vil, v. to sprinkle with pulvil. Pu'ma, s. a rapacious quadruped of America. Pu'micate, v. to smoothe with pumice. Pu'mice, s. a spongy or porous stone, fre- quently ejected from volcanoes. Pumi"ceous, a. like pumice. PUM 230 PUR Pump, s. an engine for raising water. Pump, v. to work a pump ; to draw out of. Pump, s. a thin-soled shoe. Pump'er, s. one who or that which pumps. Pum'pion, Pump'kin, s. a plant and its fruit. Pun, s. an equivocation, a quibble. Pun, v. to quibble, to play upon words. Punch, s. the Punchinello or buffoon of the puppet-show ; a short fat fellow. Punch, s. a mixed liquor. Punch, s. an instrument for making holes ; a blow : v. to perforate with a punch ; to hit or strike. Punch-bowl, s. a bowl to make punch in. Pun'cheon, s. a sort of puncher ; a large cask ; a cask of 84 gallons. Punch'er, s. an instrument to make holes. Punchinello, s. a buffoon. See Punch. Punch'y, a. short, thick, and fat. Punc'tated, a. drawn to a point. Punc'tiform, a. having the form of a point. Punctil'io, s. a nice point in behaviour. Punctilious, a. exact to a nicety ; formal. Punctiliously, ad. with great nicety. Punctil'iousness, s. exactness of behaviour. Punc'to, s. a point of form or ceremony ; a term in fencing. Punc'tual, a. exact, scrupulously accurate. Pun dualist, 5. one who is very exact. Punctuality, s- scrupulous exactness. Punctually, ad. exactly, scrupulously. Punc'tualness, s. punctuality. Punc'tuate, v. to distinguish by points. Punctua'tion,*. the act or method of pointing. Punc'tuist, s. one skilled in punctuation. Punc'tulate, v. to mark with small spots. Punc'ture, s. a hole made with a sharp point. Punc'ture, v. to make punctures. Pun'dit, s. a learned Bramin. Pun'gency, s. power or quality of being pun- gent; sharpness; acidness. Pun'gent, a. sharp, biting, acrimonious. Pun'gently, ad. sharply; acrimoniously. Pu'nic, a. pertaining to ancient Carthage ; | faithless, treacherous : s. the language of | ancient Carthage. Puni"ceous, a. purple. Pu'niness, s. the state of being puny. Punish, v. to chastise, to correct, to afflict. Pun'ishable, a. worthy of punishment. Pun'ishableness, s. the quality of deserving punishment. Punlsher, s. one who inflicts punishment. Punishment, s. the pain or penalty inflicted for a crime ; chastisement. Puni"tion, s. the act of punishing ; punish- ment, chastisement. Pu'nitive, a. awarding or inflicting punish- ment, that punishes. Pu'nitory, a. punishing ; tending to punish. Punk, s. a strumpet, a prostitute. Pun'ning, s. the art of playing on words. Pun'ner, Pun'ster, s. one who is fond of puns. Punt, 5. a small flat-bottomed boat. Punt, v. to play at basset or ombre. Pun'tcr, s. one that plays in basset. Pu'ny, a. young ; petty ; inferior ; weakly. Pup, s . a puppy : v. to bring forth pups. Pu'pa, s. in natural history, the chrysalis. Pu'pil, s. the apple of the eye. Pu'pil, s. a young person under tuition. Pu'pilage, s. the state of being a pupil ; wardship, minority. Pupilar'ity, s. nonage ; state of a pupil. Pu'pilary, a. pertaining to a pupil. Pup'pet, s. a little image moved by a wire in a show ; a doll ; a word of contempt. Pup'petman, 5. the master of a puppetshow. Pup'petshow, s. a mock drama performed by puppets moved by wires. Pup'py, s. a whelp ; a saucy conceited fellow. Pup'pyism, s. extreme affectation ; foppery. Pur, s. the gentle noise made by a cat whes pleased : v. to murmur gently as a cat. Pur'blind, a. short-sighted, near-sighted. Pur'blindness, S. shortness of sight. Purchasable, a. that may be purchased. Pur'chase, s. any thing bought for a price. Pur'chase, v. to buy ; to acquire. Pur'chase-money, s. money laid out in the purchase of any thing. Pur'chaser, s. one who makes a purchase. Pure, a. clear ; unmixed ; chaste, unpollut- ed ; leal, genuine. Pu'rely, ad. in a pure manner. Pu'reness, s. state of being pure. Pur'fie, Pur'iile, s. an old-fashioned border or trimming for women's gowns, made of tinsel and thread. Pur'fie, v. to decorate with purfle. Purga'tion, s. the act of cleansing. Purgato'rial, a. relating to purgatory. Pur'gative, a. having the power of purging. Pur'gative, s. a cathartic medicine. Pur'gatorian, a. relating to purgatory. Pur'gatory, a. cleansing ; expiatory. Purgatory, s. a place in which Roman Ca- tholics think that souls are purged from impurities before their admission into heaven. Purge, v. to make pure, to cleanse ; to evac- uate by cathartics. Purge, s. a cathartic medicine. Pur'ger, s. he who or that which purges. Purging, s. a cleansing, a looseness. Purinea'tion, s. the act of purifying. Purif 'icative, Purificatory, a. having power or tendency to make pure. Pu'rifier, s. a cleanser, a refiner. Pu'rify, v. to make pure, to cleanse. Pu'rifying, s. the act of cleansing. Pu'rism, s. the practice or affectation of rigid purity in morals or conduct. Pu'rist, s. one over nice in the use of words. Pu'ritan, s. one of a sect who professed great purity in religion : a. of or belonging to the Puritans. Puritanic, Puritanical, a. relating to tho Puritans ; precise, demure. Puritanically, ad. in a Puritanic manner. Pu'ritanism, s. the doctrine of the Puritans. Pu'ritanize, v. to affect Puritanism. Pu'rity, s. cleanness, chastity, innocence. Purl, s. a kind of lace or edging. Purl, v. to decorate with purl. Purl, s. a malt liquor in which wormwood and aromaties are infused. Purl, v. to flow with a gentle noise. Pur'lieu, s. a border, an outskirt ; a district. Purling, s. the gentle murmur of a stream. Purloin', v. to steal, to pilfer, to filch. Purloin'er, j. one who purloins. PUR 231 PYX Purloin'ing, s. theft, embezzlement. Pur'ple, a. red tinctured with blue. Pur'ple, s. the purple color; that which dis- tinguished the Roman emperors; hence, imperial sovereignty. Pur'ple, v. to color with purple. Pur'ples, s.pl. purple spots in fever. Pur'plish, s. somewhat purple, like purple. Pur'port, s. a design, tendency, meaning. Pur 'port, v. to tend, to show, to mean. Pur'pose, s. intention, design, end, effect. Pur'pose, v. to design, to intend, to resolve. Pur'poseless, a. having no purpose. Pur'posely, ad. by design, by intention. Pu/prise, s. a close or enclosure ; the whole compass of a manor. Purse, s. a small bag to contain money. Purse, v. to contract as a purse. Purse'net, s. a net of a purselike form. Purse'pride, s.the insolence of a purse-proud person ; vulgar ostentation. Purse'proud, a. puffed up with money. Pur'ser, s. originally the paymaster of a ship, now the purveyor. Pur'siness, s. state of being pursy. Pur'slain, s. a kind of plant. Pursu'able, a. that may be pursued. Pursu'ance, s. process, prosecution. Pursu'ant, a. done in consequence or prose- cution of any thing ; conformable. Pursu'e, v. to chase, to follow, to prosecute. Pursu'er, 5. one who follows in hostility. Pursuit', s. the act of following ; a chase. Pur'suivant, s. an attendant on heralds. Pur'sy, a. fat and short-breathed. Pur'tenance, s. that which pertains to some- thing ; the pluck of an animal. Pu'rulence, Pu'rulency, s. generation of pus or corrupt matter. Pu'rulcnt, a. full of corvupt matter or pus. Purvey', v. to buy in provisions ; to provide. Purvey'ance, s. procurement of victuals. Purvey'or, s. one who purveys. Pni'view, s. a proviso, a providing clause. Pus, s. corrupt matter generated in a sore. Push, v. to push forward, to thrust, to urge. Push, s. a thrust, an impulse, an assault, an attack ; an emergency. Push'er, s. one that pushes. Push'irig, a. enterprising, forward. Push'pin, *. a child's play with pins. Pusillanim'ity, s. cowardice, timidity. Pusillan'imous, «.havingno spirit or courage. Pusillan'imously, ad. with pusillanimity. Pusillan'imousness, J. meanness of spirit. Puss, s. a name for a hare or cat. Pus'tular, a. covered with pustules. Pus'tulate, v. to form into pustules. Pus'tule, s. a little pimple or wheal. Pus'tulous, a. full of pustules, piruply. Put, v. to lay, to place ; to propose ; to ap- ply ; to regulate. Put, s. a game at cards. Pu'tativc, a. supposed, reputed. Pu'tid, a. mean, low, worthless. Pu'tidnoss, s. meanness, vileness. Put-off. s. an excuse, a shift. Putred'inous, a. stinking, rotten. Putrefac'tion, 5. state of growing rotten. Putrefac'tivo, a. tending to putrefaction. Putrefy, v. to rot, to make rotten. Putres'cence, s. the state of rotting. Putrescent, a. growing rotten. Putres'cible, a. that may putrefy. Pu'trid, a. rotten, corrupt. Putrid'ity, Pu'tridness, s. rottenness. Put'ter, s. one who puts or places. Put'tingstone, s. a stone to be thrown by hand as a trial of strength. Put'tock, s. a bird, the buzzard. Put'ty, s. a cement used by glaziers. Put'ty, v. to lay on putty. Puz'zle, 5. embarrassment, perplexity ; a toy to try ingenuity. Puz'zle, v. to embarrass, to perplex. Puz'zle-headed, a. having the head bewil- dered or confused. Puz'zler, s. one that puzzles. Puz'zolane, s. volcanic ashes or earth. Pye. See Pie. Py'garg, s. a kind of eagle. Pygme'an, a. like a pygmy, dwarfish. Pyg'my, s. a dwarf; one of a nation fabled to be no bigger than one's fist. Pylor'ic, a. pertaining to the pylorus. Pylo'rus, s. the lower orifice of the stomach. Pyr'amid, s. a solid figure standing on a triangular, square, or polygonal base, and terminating in a point at the top. Pyram'idal, Pyramid'ic, Pyramid'ical, a. in the form of a pyramid. Pyramid'ical ly, ad. in form of a pyramid. Pyram'idoid, s. like a pyramid. Pyre, s. a pile on which the dead are burned. Pyret'ics, s.pl. medicines for fevers. Pyr'ite, or Pyri'tes, s. the firestone. Pyrit'ic, Pyrit'ical, a containing pyrites. Pyrob'oli, s.pl. the fireballs of the ancients. Pyrol'atry, s. worship of fire. Pyrolig'neous, Pyrolig'nic, Pyrolig'nous, s. an acid obtained by the distil lation of wood. Pyrol'ogy, s. a treatise on heat. Pyr'omancy, j. a divination by fire. Pyroman'tic, a. pertaining to pyromancy : s. one who pretends to divine by fire. Pyrom'eter, s. an instrument to measure tho expansion of bodies by heat. Pyro'sis, 5. a morbid redness of the face. Pyrotech'nic, Pyrotech'nical, a. relating or pertaining to fireworks. Pyrotech'nics, s. the art of making fireworks. Pyrotech'nist, s. one who understands the art of pyrotechny. Pyr'otechny, s. the art of making fireworks. Pyrot'ic, a. causing burning, caustic. Pyrot'ics, s. pi. in medicine, caustics. Pyr'rhic, s. a poetic foot of two short sylla- bles ; an ancient military dance, invented by Pyrrhus. Pyrrhon'ic, a. pertaining to Pyrrhonism. Pyr'rhonism, s. the doctrine of Pyrrho, scepticism, universal doubt. Pyr'rhonist. s. one who doubts every thing. Pythagore'an, a. relating to the doctrines of Pythagoras. Pythagorean, s. a follower of Pythagoras. Pythag'orism, s. the doctrines of Pythagoras. Py'thoness, s. a sorceress, a witch ; tho priestess of Apollo. Python'ic, a. pretending to prophesy. Pyx. See Pix. Pyx'is, s. the cavity of the hip-bone. QUA Q. 232 QUA Quab, s. a sort of fish. Quack, v. to cry like a duck ; to talk like a quack or mountebank. Quack, s. a mountebank ; one who prctend3 to skill which he does not possess, parti- cularly in medicine. Quack, a. falsely pretending to cure diseases. Quack'ery, s. the practice of quacks in me- dicine, or in any other art or science. Quack'ish, a. boasting like a quack. Quack'ism, s. the practice of quackery. Quadrages'ima, J. the time of Lent. Quadragcs'imal, a. pertaining to Lent. Quad'rangle, s. a figure that has four right angles ; a square. Quadran'gular, a. having four right angles. Quad'iant, s. the fourth part; the quarter of a circle ; an instrument for taking altitudes. Quadran'tal, a. pertaining to a quadrant. Quadran'tal, s. the amphora, a water-vessel. Quad'rate, s. a square, a quartile. Quad'rate, v. to suit, to correspond. Quad'rate, a. having four equal sides. Quadratic, a. pertaining to a square. A quadratic equation is an algebraic equa- tion having on the unknown side the square of the number sought. Quad'ratrix, s. a kind of line in geometry. Quadrature, s. the act of squaring ; the first and last quarter of the moon. Quad'rel, s. a square stone artificially made of chalky earth. Quadren'nial. a. comprising four years. Quadren'nially, ad. once in four years. Quad'rible, a. that may be squared. ^uadrilat'eral, a. having four sides. Quadrill'e, s. a dance ; a game at cards. Quadrip'artite, a. divided into four parts. Quaclrirc'mc, s. a galley with four tiers or banks of oars. Quadrisyllable, s. a word of four syllables. Quadriv'ial, a. having four ways meeting at one and the same point. Quadroon', s. (a quarler-b]oodc& person) ap- plied in America to the offspring of a mulatto woman by a white man. Quadru'manous, a. having four hands. Quad'ruped, a. having four feet. Quad'ruped, s. a four-footed animal. Quad'ruple, a. fourfold, four times told. Quadruple, v. to make four times as much. Quadriplicate, a. four-fold. Quadruplica'tion, s. the taking or adding a thing four times. Quad'ruply, ad. in a four-fold proportion. Quse're, [Lat.] v. inquire ; a word put when any thing is recommended to inquiry. Quaff, v. to drink largely or luxuriously. Quaf'fer, s. one that quaffs. Quag'gy, a. boggy, shaking under the feet. Quag'niire, s. a shaking marsh, a bog. Quail, s. a bird of game. Quail, v. to sink in spirit, to be dejected; to sink, to quell, to subdue. Quail'ing, 5. act of failing in resolution. Quail'pipe, s. a pipe to allure quails with. Quaint, a. nice, trim, superfluously exact. Quaint'ly. ad. in a quaint manner. Quaint'ness, s. the quality of being quain<. Quake, z/.to shake with cold or fear. Quake, s. a shudder, a tremulous agitation. Qua'kcr, s. one of the Society of Friends. Qua'kerism, s. the tenets of the Quakers. Qua'kerly, a. resembling Quakers. Qua'king, s. a shaking ; trepidation. Qual'ifiable, a. that may be qualified. Qualification, s. that which qualifies; an accomplishment; an endowment ; modifi- cation, abatement. Qual'ifier, s. that which qualifies. Qual'ify, v. to make fit; to soften, to modify. Qual'ity, s. the nature of a thing relatively considered ; disposition, character, rank ; persons of high rank collectively; a pro- perty of a thing ; a qualification. Qualm, s. a sudden fit of sickly languor ; a sudden touch of conscience. Qualm'ish, a. seized with sickly languor. Qualm'ishness, s. state of being qualmish. Quanda'ry, s. a doubt, a difficulty. Quantitative, Quan'titive, a. estimable ac- cording to quantity. Quantity, s. bulk ; weight ; portion ; mea- sure of time in pronouncing syllables. Quan'tum, s. the quantity, the amount. Quarantine, s. the space of 40 days ; tho time during which a ship suspected of in- fection is obliged to forbear intercourse or commerce. Quar'rel, s. an angry dispute, a brawl. Quar'rel, v. to brawl, to scuffle, to fight, to find fault. Quar'reller, s. one who quarrels. Quar'rclling, s. dispute ; disagreement. Quar'rcllous, a. easily provoked to anger. Quar'rclsomc, a. disposed to quarrel. Quar'relsomely, ad. in a quarrelsome manner. Quar'relsomeness, s. the being quarrelsome. Quar'ry, s. an arrow with a square head. Quar'ry, s. game pursued or killed ; prey. Quar'ry, s. a stone mine or pit. Quar'ry, v. to dig stones out of a quarry. Quar'ry-man, s. one who digs in a quarry. Quart, s. the fourth part of a gallon. Quar'tan, a. occurring every fourth day. Quar'tan-aguc, ?. an ague in which the fit returns every fourth day. Quarta'tion, s. an operation by which the quantity of one thing is made equal to the fourth part of another. Quar'ter, s. a fourth part ; a division into four parts ; a division generally; a region ; a station ; a measure of eight bushels ; mercy granted by a conqueror. Quar'ter, v. to divide into four parts ; to station or lodge soldiers ; to bear as an appendage to the hereditary arms. Quar'terage, s. a quarterly allowance. Quar'ter-day, s. one of the four days in the year on which quarterly payments are made. Quarterdeck, s. the after part of the deck. Quar'tering, s. a partition of a shield con- taining many coats of arms. Quar'terly, ad. once in a quarter of a year. Quarterly, a. consisting of a fourth. Quar'termaster, s. an officer who regulates the quarters for soldiers. Quartern, s. the fourth part of a pint. Quarters, i'.the station appointed for soldiers. QUA 233 QUI Quarter-ses'sions, s. a court of law held every quarter of a year. Quar'terstaff, s. an ancient staff of defence. Quar'tile, s. an aspect of the planets, when they are three signs or ninety degrees dis- tant from each other. Quar'to, s. a book of which every leaf is a quarter of a sheet. Quartz, s. a siliceous mineral. Quash, v. to crush, to squeeze ; to annul. Quash, s. a soft species of pompion. Quassa'tion, s. the act of shaking. Quas'sia, s. a medicinal bitter. Quarter-cousins, s. pi. those within the first four degrees of kindred. Quaternary, a. consisting of four. Quator'ze, s. a term at piquet. Quat'rain, s. four lines rhyming alternately. Quat'rinc, a. consisting of four parts. Qua'vcr, v. to shake the voice ; to vibrate. Qua'ver, s. shake of the voice, or of a sound from an instrument ; a musical note. Qua'verer, s. one that quavers, a warbler. Qua'vering, s. the act of shaking the voice, or of producing a shake on an instrument. Quay, s. a key for landing goods. Quean, s. a wench, a worthless woman. Quea'siness, s. nausea, qualmishness. Quea'.sy, s. sick, squeamish, fastidious. Queen, s. a female sovereign. Queen, v. to play the queen. Queen-do w'ager, s. the widow of a king. Queen'-like, a. resembling a queen. Queen'ly, a. becoming a queen. Queer, a. odd, strange; awkward; original. Queer'ly, ad. oddly, strangely, particularly. Queer'ncss, s. oddness, particularity. Queest, s. a kind of wild pigeon. Quell, v. to crush ; to subdue; to quiet, to allay, to abate. Queli'er, s. one that subdues. Quelqucchose, [Fr.]s. a trifle; a kickshaw. Quench, v. to extinguish, to stifle, to allay. Quench/able, a. that may be quenched. Quench'er, s. that which quenches. Quench'lcss, a. that cannot be quenched. Que'rcnt, s. a complainant ; an inquirer. Querimo'nious, a. querulous ; complaining. Querirno'niously, ad. querulously. Querimo'niousness, s. disposition to complain. Quc'rist, s. one who asks questions. Quern, s. a hand-mill for grinding grain. Quer'po. See Cucrpo. Quer'ulous, a. habitually complaining. Quer'ulously, ad. in a complaining manner. Qucr'ulousncss, s. the habit of complaining. Que'ry, v. to question , to express doubts ; to mark with a query ( ? or Qr.) Que'ry, s. an inquiry, a question. Quest, s. the act of seeking ; search ; an in- quest or jury sworn to inquire. Quest, v. to search for, to seek. Ques'tion, s. the act of asking ; that which is asked ; an interrogatory ; something re- quiring examination ; a doubt; a dispute : v. to ask questions ; to inquire ; to doubt or be suspicious. Questionable, a. doubtful, suspicious. Ques'tionableness, s. the being questionable. Ques'tionary, a. questioning, inquiring. Quea'tioner, s. an inquirer, a querist. Ques'tionist, s. a questioner, an inquirer. Ques'tionless, ad. without doubt, certainly. Quest'man, s. one legally empowered to make quest in certain matters ; a churchwarden. Quest'monger, s. one who delights in judicial quests; a starter of lawsuits. Qucs'tor, a\ a Roman public treasurer. Ques'torship, s. office of a questor. Qucs'tuary, a. seeking or studious of profit. Ques'tuary, s. one who collects profits. Queue, s. hair twisted and worn as a tail. Quib'ble, v. to pun ; to equivocate. Quib'blc, s. slight cavil ; a pun. Quib'bler, s. one who quibbles. Quick, a. living; active, speedy; pregnant. Quick, s. living flesh ; living plants. Quick, ad. Sec Quickly. Quick'en, v. to make or become alive ; to hasten ; to excite. Quick'encr, s. one who or that which quickens. Quiek'-eyed, a. having sharp sight. Quick'lime, s. lime unquenched. Quick'ly, ad. speedily, nimbly, actively. Quick'-match,^. a match used in the artillery. Quick'ness, s. speed, activity, sharpness. Quick'sand, s. a shifting or shaking sand. Quickscent'ed, a. having acute smell. Quick'set, s. a living plant set to grow. Quicksi'ghted, a. having sharp sight. Quicksi'ghtedness, s. sharpness of sight. Quick'silver, s. (living or moving silver or) mercury in its native state. Quick'silvered, a. overlaid with quicksilver. Quick'witted, a. having ready wit. Quid, s. a cud or something chewed ; as, a' quid of tobacco. Quid'dany, 5. a kind of marmalade. Quid'dit, s. a subtlety, an equivocation. Quid'dity, s. essence ; a quirk, a cavil. Quid'nunc, s. a news gossiper (one who is always asking what noiv, or what news.) Quies'cenoe, Qaies'cency, s. repose, rest. Quies'cent, a. resting, lying at repose. Qui'et, a. still, tranquil, peaceful ; smooth. Qui'et, s. rest, repose, tranquillity. Qui'et, v. to calm, to still, to pacify. Qui'eter, s. he who, or that which quiets. Qui'etism, .s. the doctrine of the Quietists ; tranquillity of mind. Qui'etist, j. one who holds that religion con- sists in the rest and quiet of the mind. Qui'etly, ad. calmly, peaceably, at rest. Qui'etness, s. tranquillity, stillness. Qui'etude, 5. tranquillity, rest, repose. Quie'tus, s. rest; final discharge, death. Quill, s. a strong feather of the wing. Quill, v. to form in plaits like quills. Quil'let. See Quodlibet. Quilt, s. the cover of a bed. Quilt, v. to stitch one cloth upon another, with something soft between them. Quilt'ing, s. the act of forming a quilt. Qui'nary, a. consisting of five. Qui'nate (leaf), s. a sort of digitated leaf. Quince, s. a tree and its fruit. Quincun'cial, a. formed like a quincunx. Quin'cunx, s. a form of plantation in which five trees are disposed in a square, one at each corner and one in the middle, and this repeated, forms a regular grove with alleys. QUI 234 RAF Qui'nine, x, a powerfully tonic medicine from yellow bark. Quinquages'ima, s. Shrove-Sunday (five times ten or fifty days before Easter.) Quinquen'nial, a. lasting five years ; hap- pening once in five years. Quinqui'na, s. Peruvian or Jesuit's bark. Quin'sy, s. a disease in the throat. Quint, s. set or sequence of five. Quin'tain, Quin'tin, s. an upright post with a turning top, used in tilting. Quin'tal, s. a hundred pounds in weight. Quintes'sence, s. in alehymy, the fifth and last, or highest essence ; the essential part of any thing. Quint'ile, s. the aspect of planets when dis- tant from each other the fifth of a circle. Quin'tuple, a. five-fold, five times told. Quip, s. a sharp jest, a scoff: v. to rally, to taunt, to scoff. Quire, s. twenty-four sheets of paper. Quire, s. a body of church singers ; a choir. Quire, v. to sing in a choir. Quir'ister, s. a chorister ; a singer in conceit. Quirk, s. a sharp turn of wit, a quibble, a slight conceit ; a loose light tune. Quirk'ish, a. full of quirks or turns. Quit, a. free ; clear ; absolved; even with. Quit, v. to leave ; to forsake ; to discharge, to requite. Quite, ad. completely, perfectly. Quit'-rent, s. a small reserved rent. Quits, ad. even in bets, upon equal terms. Quit'tal, s. return : repayment. Quit'tance, s. a discharge, a recompense. QuiVer, v. to shake, to tremble. Quiv'er, s. a cover or case for arrows. Quiv'ered, a. furnished with a quiver. Quiv'ering, j. a shaking, a trembling. Qui.-;ot'ic, a. wild, absurd, extravagant. Quix'otism, s. romantic and absurd notions or actions (like those of Don Quixote.) Quiz, s. a puzzling jest or piece of waggery ; an odd or queer fellow. Quiz, v. to puzzle, to jest, to mock with a grave face. Quiz'zing-glass, s. an eye-glass. Quod'libct, s. a subtilty, a nice point. Quodlibeta'rian, s. one who talks or disputes on any subject. Quoif. See Coif. Quoin. See Coin. Quoit, s. an iron to pitch at a mark. Quoit, v. to throw quoits ; to pitch or throw. Quon'dam, a. having been formerly. Quor'um, s. a bench of justices; such a number of members of a bench or commis- sion as is competent to transact business. Quo'ta, s. a share, proportion, rate. Quo'table, a. that may be quoted. Quotation, s. the act of quoting ; a passage quoted or cited. Quote, v. to cite a passage from an author or speaker ; to note. Quo'ter, s. one who quotes. Quoth, v. say, says, or said : it is joined only to the 1st and 2nd persons. Quotid'ian, s. an ague or a fever which re- turns every day. Quo'tient, s. the number resulting from the division of one number by another Raba'te, v. to recover a hawk to the fist. Raba'to, s. a kind of ruff or neckband. Rab'bet, s. a joint in carpentry, a groove. Rab'het, v. to pare down the edges of boards so as to make them fit each other. Rab'bi, Rab'bin, s. a Jewish doctor. Rabbin'ical, a. pertaining to the Rabbins. Rab'bit, 5. a small well-known quadruped. Rab'bit-warren, s. an enclosure for rabbits. Rab'ble, s. a mob, the populace. Rab'blement, s. the rabble. Rab'id, a. mad, raging, furious. Rab'idness, s. madness, furiousness. Rab'inet, s. a piece of small ordnance. Race, s. a root or that from which something springs ; a family, a generation ; a parti- cular breed ; a running match : a course. Race, v. to run as in a race ; to run swiftly. Race-gin'ger, s. ginger in the root. Ra'cehorse, s. a horse bred to run for prizes. Racema'tion, s. cluster, like that of grapes. Ra"cemous, a. growing in clusters. Ra'cer, s. a runner ; a racehorse. Ra'ciness, 5. the state of being racy. Rack, s. something used for stretching ; an instrument of torture : torture or excruci- ating pain ; a framework in which hay is placed for cattle. Rack, v. to torture, to torment ; to strain or draw off from the lees. Rack'er, s. one who racks. Rack'et, s. a noise ; an instrument with which to strike the ball at tennis. Rack'et, v. to make a raeket. Rack'ety, a. noisy, making a noise. Rack'ing, s. torture of mind or body; the act of draining off liquors from lees. Rack'rent, s. rent raised to the utmost, the highest possible rent. Racoon', s. an American animal like a fox. Ra'cy, a. tasting of the root or soil ; stroag, flavor ous. Rad'dle, v. to twist together. Ra'dial, a. having ray -like points. Ra'diance, Ra'diancy, s. sparkling lustre. Ra'diant, a. emitting rays, brightly shining. Ea'diantly, ad. with sparkling lustre. Ra'diate, v. to emit rays, to shine ; to proceed in direct lines from a point. Ra'diated, a. adorned with rays. Radia'tion, s. an emission of rays; lustre. Rad'ical, a. pertaining to the root or origin ; fundamental, original, primitive. Rad'ical, s. a primitive word; one who, in politics, seeks fundamental changes in the constitution. Radically, ad. originally, fundamentally. Rad'icalness, s. the state of being radical. Rad'icate, v. to root, or to plant firmly. Rad'icate, a. deeply infixed. Radica'tion, s. the act of taking root. Rad'icle, s. a little roct ; that part of the seed of a plant which becomes its root. Rad'ish, s. a root commonly eaten raw. Ra'dius, s. the semidiameter of a circle. Ra'dix, [Lat.] 5. a root ; a primitive word. Raff, s. a confused heap ; the rabble. Raff, v. to sweep, to huddle. Raffle, v. to cast dice for a prize. EAF 235 EAP Raffle, 5. a kind of lottery. liaft, s. a float of timber. Rafter, s. the roof timber of a house. Raftered, a. built with rafters. Rafts'inan, s. a man who manages a raft. Rag, s. a tatter ; worn-out clothes. Ragamuffin, s. a tatterdemalion; a paltry low fellow. Rage, s. violent anger, passion, fury. Rage, v. to be in a rage ; to be furious. Ra'geful, a. full of rage, furious, violent. Rag'ged, a. tattered, dressed in rags ; un- even, rough, rugged. Rag'gedness, s. state of being ragged. Ra'ging, a. furious : s. fury, violence. Ra'gingly, ad. with fury. Rag'man, s. one who deals in rags. Ragou't, [Fr.] s. meat stewed and highly seasoned. Rag'stone, s. a gray stone which breaks in a ragged manner. Rag'wort, s. the name of a plant. Rail, s. the name of a bird. Rail, s. a sort of wooden or iron fence. Rail, v. to enclose or fence with rails. Rail (at), v. to scoff at, to abuse. Rail'er. s. one who scoffs or insults. Rail'ing, s. insolent reproachful language. Rail'ing, s. a fencework of rails. Rail'ingly, ad. scoffingly ; like a scoffer. Rail'lery,*. slight satire, good-humored irony. Rail'leur, [Fr.] s. a jester, a mocker. Rail'road, Rail'way, J. a road or way on which rails are laid for wheels to run on. Rai'ment, s. vesture, garment, dress. Rain, s. water falling in drops from the clouds. Rain, v. to fall in drops from the clouds ; to fall in drops like rain. Rain'beat, a. injured by rain. Rain'bow, s. an arch of various colors formed in showery weather, by the reflection and refraction of the sunbeams by the clouds. Rain'water, s. water from the clouds. Rain'y, a. showery, wet, moist. Raise, v. to lift, to erect ; to exalt ; to levy. Rai'ser, s. one that raises. Rai'sin, s. a dried grape. Rai'sing, s. the act of lifting or setting up. Ra'jah, s. the title of a Hindoo prince. Rake, s. an instrument with teeth like a large comb, used for smoothing the earth, or for gathering up light substances. Rake, v. to use a rake ; to draw or heap to- gether ; to search for diligently ; to can- nonade a ship so that the balls shall range the whole length of the deok. Rake, s. a wild dissolute fellow, a roue\ Rake'hell, s. a rake: a. wild, dissolute. Ra'ker, s. one that rakes. Ra'keshame, 5. a base rascally fellow. Ra'kish, a. loose, lewd, dissolute. Ra'kishness, s. dissolute practices. Rally, v. to put dispersed troops or forces into order ; to recover order ; to resume or recover strength. Ral'ly, s. the act of rallying. Ral'ly, v. to banter, to satirize jestingly. Ral'ly, s. banter ; slight satire. Ram, s. a male sheep ; a sign of the zodiae (Aries) ; a battering engine. Ram, v. to drive with violence, to force. Ram'adan, s. the Mahometan Lent. Ram'age, s. boughs or branches. Ram'ble, s. an irregular excursion. Ram'ble, v. to rove or wander about. Ram'bler, s. a rover, a wanderer. Ram'bling, s. the act of rambling. Ra'meous, a. belonging to a branch. Ramifica'tion, s. the act of branching ; a branch or division into branches. Ram'ify, v. to separate into branches. Ram'mer, s. an instrument to ram with. Ram'mish, a. having a strong scent. Ra'mous, a. consisting or full of branches. Ramp, s. a leap, a spring, a bound. Ramp, v. to climb, to leap about. Ram'pancy, s. prevalence, exuberance. Ram'pant, a. rearing as if to leap (in heral- dry) ; exuberant, rank. Ram'part, s. a wall or mound round a forti- fied place : v. to fortify with ramparts. Rances'cent, a. becoming rancid. Ran'cid, a. strong-scented, stinking. Rancid'ity, Ran'cidness, s. a strong scent, as of old grease or oil. Ran'corous, a. deeply malignant. Ran'corously, ad. malignantly. Ran'cour, s. inveterate malignity. Rand, s. border, seam, shred. Ran'dom, a. done by chance, without plan. Ran'dom, s. want of direction or method ; chance, hazard ; roving motion. Range, s. a rank, a row, a line ; a class ; the whole compass or extent of any thing ; a kitchen-grate. Range, v. to place in order ; to rove over. Ra'nger, s. a rover ; a forest officer. Ra'ngership, s. the office of keeper of a forest. Ra'nging, s. the act of placing in lines. Rank, a. rancid or strong-scented ; luxu- riant ; rampant ; gross, coarse. Rank, s. a line of men ; class ; dignity. Rank, v. to place in a row, to range, to class. Ran'kle, v. to fester, to be inflamed. Rank'ly, ad. luxuriantly ; grossly. ' Rank'ness, s. exuberance ; strong scent. Ran'ny, s. the shrew-mouse. Ran'sack, v. to plunder; to search thoroughly. Ran'som, s. price paid for redemption from captivity or punishment. Ran'som, v. to redeem from captivity. Ran'somer, s. one that redeems. Ran'somless, a. free from ransom. R,ant, v. to use high-sounding and bonibas- tical language : s. noisy and extravagant language. Rant'er, s. a ranting fellow ; one of a fanat- ical sect called Ranters. Ran'tipole, a. wild, roving, rakish. Ranun'culus, s. a flower, the crowfoot. Rap, s. a quick, smart blow, a knock. Rap, v. to strike with quick, smart blows. Rapa'oious, a. seizing by violence ; greedy. Rapa'ciously, ad. by violence ; greedily. Rapa'ciousness, s. the being rapacious. Rapa"city, $. ravenousness ; greediness. Rape, s. the act of taking away by force; violation of chastity. Rape, s. a plant, from the seed of which a kind of oil is obtained. Rap'id, a. quick, swift, speedy. RAP 236 EEA Rapid'ity, s. celerity, velocity, swiftness. Rap'idly, ad. swiftly, witli quick motion. Rap'idness, s. celerity, swiftness. Rap'ids, s. pi the part of a river where the currents are strongest. Ra'pier, s. a small sword for thrusting only. Rap'inc, s. the act of plundering ; violence, force : v. to plunder. Rappee', s. a coarse kind of snuff. Rap'per, s. one that raps or knocks ; the knocker of a door. Rap'port, [Fr.] s. relation, proportion. Rapt, a. enraptured, inspired. Rap'tor, Rap'ter, s. a ravisher, a plunderer. Rap'ture, s. violent seizure ; ecstasy, trans- port, extreme joy. Rap'tured, a. enraptured, transported. Rap'turous, a. ecstatic, transporting. Rare, a. thin, subtile, not dense ; scarce, highly-prized, valuable. Rare, a. nearly raw, imperfectly roasted. Ra'ree-show, s. a rare show, a pecpshow. Rarefac'tion, s the act of rarefying. Rar'efiable, a. admitting rarefaction. Rar'efy, v. to make or become thin. Ra'rely, ad. seldom ; choicely, finely. Ra'reness, s. the state or quality of being rare ; rarity. Rar'ity, s. thinness, subtilty ; infrequency ; a thing valued for its scarceness. Ras'cal, s. a mean fellow ; a scoundrel. Rascality, s. rascally conduct ; the rabble. Rascal'lion, s. one of the lowest people. Ras'cally, a. worthless, mean, base. Rase, fl.to graze or scrape the surface lightly in passing ; to erase or scrape out. Rash, a. hasty, precipitate. Rash, s. an eruption or breaking out. Rash'er, s. a thin slice of bacon. Rash'ly, ad. hastily, without thought. Rash'nass, s. inconsiderate haste ; temerity. Rasp, s. a large rough file ; a berry. Rasp, v. to rub or file with a rasp. Rasp'berry, s. a well-known berry. Rasp'er, s. he who, or that which rasps. Ra'sure, s. the act of scraping; an erasure. Rat, s. an animal of the mouse kind. Ra'table, a. that may be rated. Ra'tably, ad. by rate or proportion. Ratafi'a, s. a cordial liquor. Ratan', s. a small Indian cane. Ratch, s. a wheel in a striking clock. Ratch'et, s. a stop in a watch. Rate, s. a price fixed ; degree, quota, propor- tion ; parish tax ; a standard. Rate, v. to value, to estimate. Rate, v. to chide vehemently. Ra'ter, s. one who makes an estimate. Rath, s. a hill ; a circular mound. Rath, a. early, soon : ad. soon, betimes. Rath'er, ad. more willingly ; especially. Ratification, s. a confirmation. Rat'ificr, s. the person that ratifies. Rat'ify, v. to confirm, to settle, to establish. Ra'ting, s. a chiding, a scolding. Ra'tio, s. the relation or proportion which one thing has to another of the same kind in respect of magnitude or quality. Ratio"einate, v. to reason, to argue. Ratio Yination, J. the act of reasoning. Ratio'Yinativc, a. argumentative. Ra'tion, s. a rated share of provisions. Ra"tional, a. agreeable to reason ; endowed with reason ; wise, judicious. Rationale, s. a detail with reasons. Ra"tionalism, s. the tenets of a Rationalist. Ra"tionalist, s. one who professes to be guided by reason only ; a free-thinker. Rationality, s. the power of reasoning. Ra"tionally, ad. reasonably, with reason. Ra"tionalness, s. the state of being rational. Rat'lins, s. pi. the steps of a ship's shrouds. Rats'bane, s. arsenic, poison for rats. Rat'teen, s. a kind of woollen stuff. Rat'tle, s. a child's plaything ; empty talk. Rat'tle, v. to make a sharp, quick noise. Rat'tle-headed, a. giddy, not steady. Rat' tie-snake, s. a kind of serpent. Rat'tling, s. a clattering noise. Rau'city, s. hoarseness, a harsh noise. Rau'cous, a. hoarse, harsh. Rav'age, s. spoil, ruin, waste. Rav'age, v. to lay waste, to pillage. Rav'ager, s. a plunderer, a spoiler. Rave, v. to be delirious ; to be very fond of. RavYl, v. to entangle, to perplex. Rav'elin, s. a half moon in fortification. Rav'en, v. to prey on with rapacity. Rav'en, s. prey, rapine, rapaciou.sness. Ra'ven, s. a large black carrion fowl. Rav'ener, s. one who plunders. Rav'ening, s. eagerness for plunder. Rav'enous, a. voracious, hungry to rage. Rav'enously, ad. with raging voracity. Rav'enousness, s. furious voracity. Ra'ver, s. one who raves. Rav'in, s. prey, food got by violence. Rav'ine, [Fr.] s. a deep hollow pass. Ra'ving, s. a furious exclamation. Ra'vingly, ad. with distraction or frenzy. Rav'ish, v. to violate, to force ; to enrapture, to transport. Rav'isher, s. one who ravishes. Rav'ishing, a. enrapturing : s. rapture. Rav'ishingly, ad. to extremity of delight. Rav'ishment, s. violation ; ecstasy. Raw, a. not boiled or roasted ; bare of skin : sore ; not ripe, immature ; not prepared ; inexperienced ; cold and damp. Raw'boned, a. having bone3 scarcely covered with flesh ; having large or strong bones. Raw'ish, a. somewhat raw ; cold with damp. Raw'ly, ad. in a raw manner. Raw'ness, s. state of being raw. Ray, s. a beam of light ; any lustre. Ray, v. to streak ; to shoot forth. Ray, s. a kind of fish. Ray'less, a. dark, without a ray. Raze, s. a root of ginger. Raze, v. to erase : to extirpate ; to subvert. Razee', s. a ship of war cut down smaller. Ra'zor, s. an instrument used in shaving. Ra'zor-bill, s. a web-footed bird. Reach, v. to stretch, to extend; to arrive at, to attain to. Reach, s. extent, limit ; power, ability. Re-act', v. to act or perform a second time ; to return an impulse or impression. Re-ac'tion, s. counteraction, resistance. Read, v. to peruse ; to learn or know fully. Read, a. instructed in books, as "well-read.' Read'able, a. that may be or is fit to be read. IlEA 237 EEC Rea'der, s. one who reads, a studious man. Rea'dership, s. the office of reader in a church or college. Read'ily, ad. with speed, promptly. Read'iness, s. promptitude, facility. Rea'ding, s. tlie act of perusing ; study of books ; a lecture or prelection ; variation of copies. Re-adjourn', v. to adjourn again. Re-adjust', v. to put in order again. Re-adjust'mcnt, s. a second adjustment. Ro-admis'sion, s. the act of admitting again. Re-admit', v. to admit or let in again. Re-admit'tance, s. allowance to enter again. Re-adopt', v. to adopt again. Re-adorn', v. to decorate again or anew. Re-advcr'tcncy, s. a turning to again. Road'y, a. prompt, willing ; near at hand. Read'y, ad. in a state of preparation. Re-affirm', v. to affirm a second time. Re-affirm'ance, s. a second confirmation. Re-a'gent, s. a term in chemistry. Re'al, a. actually existing ; true, genuine. Re'alist, s. an opponent of the Nominalists. Eteal'ity, s. real existence ; fact, truth. Realiza'tion, s. the act of realizing. Re'alize, v. to bring into being or into act. Re-alle"gc, v. to allege again. Re'ally, ad. in reality, truly. Realm, s. a kingdom, a state. Re'alty, s. adherence to a king ; loyalty. Ream, s. twenty quires of paper. Re-an'imate, v. to restore to life, to revive. Re-anima'tion, s. the act of reviving. Re-annex', v. to annex or join again. Reap, v. to cut with a sickle ; to gather in the harvest ; to obtain. Reap'er, s. one who reaps and gathers corn. Reap'ing-hook, s. a hook used to cut corn. Re-appar'el, v. to clothe again. Re-appear', v. to appear again. Re-appear'ance, s. the act of appearing again. Re- application, s. the act of applying again. Re-apply', v. to apply again. Re-appoint', v. to appoint again. Re-appoint'ment, s. a second appointment. Rear, s. that which is behind ; the last in order ; the last class. Rear, v. to raise up, to elevate, to rouse ; to bring up, to educate ; to stand on the hind legs as a horse. Rear-ad'miral, s. the admiral who carries his flag at the mizen topmast head. Rear'guard, *. the guard that passes last, or follows the main body. Rear'mouse, s. the leather-winged bat. Rear'rank, s. the last rank of a battalion. Rear'ward, s. the end ; the latter part. Re-ascend', v. to climb or mount up again. Re-assi'gn, v. to assign again. Rea'son, J. the discerning faculty in man; argument: motive; cause; ratiocination; just view of things. Rea'son, v. to argue or examine rationally. Reasonable, a. endued with reason, just. Reasonableness, s. agreeablencss to reason. Reasonably, ad. agreeably to reason. Rea'soner, s. one who reasons. Rea'soning, s. the act of reasoning; argu- mentation. Raa'sonk'ss, a. void of reason. Re-assem'ble, v. to collect anew. Re-assert', v. to assert again. Re-assu'me, v. to resume, to take again. Re-assump'tion, s. act of reassuming. Re-assu'rance, ,?. a second assurance. Re-assu're, v. to assure again ; to assure or free from alarm. Re-assu'rer, s. he who insures the first in- surer or under-writer. Re-atta'ch, v. to attach a second time. Re-attach'ment, s. a second attachment. Re-attempt', v. to try again. Reave, v. to take by stealth or violence. Rebapti'ze, v. to baptize again. Rcba'te, v. to blunt ; to lessen. Rcba'te, s. discount. Reba'tement, s. diminution ; deduction. Re'beck, s. a three-stringed fiddle. Reb'el, s. one who opposes lawful authority. Rebel', v. to oppose lawful authority. Reb'el, a. rebellious, guilty of rebellion. Rebel'ler, s. one that rebels. Rebel'lion, s. an insurrection or taking up arms against lawful authority. Rebcl'lious, a. opposing lawful authority. Rebel'liously, ad. in a rebellious manner. Rebel'liousness, s. the being rebellious. Rcbel'low, v. to echo back a loud noise. Roblos'som, v. to blossom again. Rcboa'tion, s. the return of a loud bellowing sound ; loud reverberation. Reboil', v. to boil again or a second time. Rebound', v. to spring or start badk. Rebound', s. the act of rebounding. Rebra'co, v. to brace again. Rebuff', s. a sudden check ; refusal. Rebuff', v. to check ; to disencourage. Rebuild', v. to build again or anew. Rebu'kable, a. deserving rebuke. Rebu'ke, s. chiding, reproof. Rebu'ke, v. to chide, to reprehend, Rebu'keful, a. containing rebuke. Rebu'kefully, ad. with rebuke. Rebu'ker, s. a chider, a reprehender. Re'bus, s. a word or name represented tnj things ; a, sort of riddle. Rebut', v. to repel, to beat back ; to oppo-se by argument. Rebut'ter, s. an answer to a rejoinder. Recall', s. a calling back; a revocation. Recall', v. to call back ; to revoke. Recant', v. to retract an opinion. Recanta'tion, s. a retracting an opinion. Recant'er, s. one who recants. Recapa"citate, v. to capacitate again. Reeapit'ulate, v. to repeat the heads or snm of what has been already stated. Recapitula'tion, s. a summing up. Recapitulatory, a. repeating again. Recap'tion, s. a second distress or seizure. Recap'tor, s. one who retakes. Recap'ture, s. a prize retaken from those who had taken it : v. to retake a prize. Recar'nify, v. to convert again into flesh. Recar'ry, v. to carry back. Recast', v. to throw again ; to mould anew. Rece'de, v. to move back ; to retreat. Receipt', s. the act of receiving ; a written acknowledgment of money or goods re- ceived (often used erroneously for Recipe) : v. to giye a receipt for. REC EEC Receivable, a. capable of being received. Recer/ableness, s. the being receivable. Recei've, v. to take, to admit, to allow, to entertain as a guest. Receiv'edness, s. general allowance. Receiver, s. one who receives. Recel'ebrate, v. to celebrate again. Re'cency, J. newness, lateness, freshness. Recen'se, v. to review, to revise. Recen'sion, s. an enumeration, a review. Re'cent, a. new, late, fresh. Re'cently, ad. newly, lately, freshly. Re'centness, s. newness, freshness. Recep'tacle, s. a place to receive things in. Receptibil'ity, s. possibility of receiving. Recep'tion, s. act of receiving ; admission. Recep'tive, a. capable or having the quality of receiving. Receptivity, s. state of being receptive. Recep'tory, a. generally admitted. Recess', s. a retirement, retreat ; a private part or abode. Reces'sion, s. the act of retreating. Recha'nge, v. to change again. Rechar'ge, v. to charge again ; to re-attack. Recheat', s . recalling hounds by winding a horn when they are on a wrong scent. Rechoo'se, v. to choose a second time. Recidiva'tion, s. the act of falling back. Recid'ivous, a. subject to backsliding. Re"cipe, [Lat.] s. a medical prescription. Recipient, s. a receiver, a vessel to receive. Reciprocal, a. mutual ; alternate. Recip'rocally, ad. mutually, alternately. Reeip'rocalness. s. mutual return. Recip'rocate, v. to interchange or act inter- changeably ; to alternate. Reciproca'tion, 5. interchange, alternation. Recipro"city, s. reciprocal obligation. Reci"sion, s. the act of cutting off. Reci'tal, s. rehearsal ; narration. Recita'tion,,?. repetition of something learned. Recitati've, Recitati'vo, s. a kind of chant or musical pronunciation. Recitati'vely, ad. after the manner of reci- tative. Reci'te, v. to repeat, to rehearse. Reci'ter, s. one who recites. Reck, v. to heed, to mind, to care for. Reck'less, a. heedless, careless, mindless. Recklessness, s. heedlessness, carelessness. Reck'on, v. to number, to count, to calculate. Reck'oner, s. one who computes. Reck'oning, s. an account taken, charge. Reclaim', v. to call back ; to call back from error, to reform, to recover. Reclaim', s. reformation, recovery. Reclaim'able, a. that may be reclaimed. Rcclaim'ant, s. one that reclaims. Reclaim/less, a. not to be reclaimed. Reclama'tion, s. recovery ; demand. Reclina'tion, s. the act of reclining. Recli'ne, v. to lean back ; to rest. Reclo'se, v. to close again. Reclu'de, v. to open, to unclose. Reclu'se, a. shut up, retired. Reclu'se, s. one living in a secluded state. Reelu'sely, ad. in retirement ; like a recluse. Reclu'seness, Reclu'sion, s. retirement. Reclu'sive, a. affording concealment. Rocoagula'tion, s. a second coagulation. Recoct', v. to dress or vamp tip again. Rec'ognisable, a. that may be recognised. Recog'nisance, s. acknowledgment, avowal; an obligation or bond. Rec'ognise, v. to acknowledge, to review. Recognition, s. formal acknowledgment. Recoil', v. to fall or start back, to shrink. Recoil', s. a falling or starting back. Recoil'ing, s. the act of shrinking back. Recoil'ingly, ad. with retrocession. Recoin', v. to coin over again. Recoin'age, s. the act of coining anew. Re-collect', v. to gather again. Rec'ollect, v. to recall to memory. Rec'ollection, .y. a revival in the memory of former ideas, remembrance. Rec'ollcctive, a. having the power of recol- lecting. Recombi'ne, v. to join together again. Recom'fort, v. to comfort again. Recommen'ce, v. to begin anew. Recommend', v. to commend to another. Recommend'able, a. worthy of commenda- tion, or of being recommended. Recommenda'tion, s. the act of recommend- ing, that which recommends. Recommen'datory, a. recommending. Recommend'er, s. one who recommends. Recommis'sion, v. to commission again. Recommit', v. to commit again. Recommitment, s. a second commitment. Recommu'mciite, v. to communicate again. Recompact', v. to join anew. Rec'ompense, s. a requital ; a compensation. Rec'ompense, v. to repay, to requite. Recompi'lcment, s. a new compilation. Recompo'se, v. to settle or adjust anew. Recomposi"tion, s. composition renewed. Reconcilable, a. that may be reconciled. Reconcilableness, s. the being reconcilable. Rec'oncile, v. to restore to friendship or favor ; to appease enmity between ; to make to be consistent. Reconcilement, s. a reconciliation. Rec'onciler. s. one who reconciles. Reconciliation, s. renewal of friendship. Reconcillatory, a. tending to reconcile. Recondensa'tion, s. the act of recondensing. Rcconden'se, v. to condense again. Rec'ondite, a. hidden ; profound ; abstruse. Reconduct', v. to conduct back again. Reconfirm', v. to establish again. Reconjoin', v. to join anew. Reconnoi'tre, v. to view, to survey, to exa- mine (a military term.) Recon'quer, v. to conquer again. Recon'secrate, v. to consecrate anew. Reconsid'er, v. to consider again. Reconsidera'tion. s. a second consideration. Reconve'ne, v. to convene again. Reconversion, s. a second conversion. Reconvert', v. to convert again. Reconvey', v. to convey back again. Reconveyance, s. transferring a title back to a former proprietor. Record', v. to register, to enrol ; to cause to be remembered ; to celebrate. Rec'ord, s. an authentic enrolment. Rccorda'tion, s. a recording. Record'er, s. a law officer who keeps rolls or records ; a kind of flute. EEC 239 BED Recouch', v. to lie down again. Recount', v. to relate in detail ; to recite. Recour'se, s. an application as for help or protection ; access ; return. RecoVer, v. to get again; to regain health. Recoverable, a. that may be recovered. Recovery, s. act of regaining ; restoration from sickness. Rec'reant, a. cowardly, mean-spirited ; apos- tate : s. a coward, a dastard. Rec'reate, v. to refresh, to delight. Re-crea'te, v. to create anew, to revive. Reerea tion, s. relief after toil ; diversion. Re-crea'tion, s. a forming anew. Rec'reative, a. refreshing ; diverting. Rec'rcativcly, ad. with recreation. Recrea'tiveness, s. the being recreative. Rec'rement, s. dross, spume. Recremen'tal, a. recrementitions. Recrementi'tious, a. drossy. Recrim'inate, v. to accuse in return. Recrimina'tion, s. an accusation retorted. Recriminator, s. one who recriminates. Recrim'inatory, a. retorting accusation. Recrudes'eent, a. growing painful again. Recruit', v. to repair by new supplies ; to raise new soldiers ; to strengthen : s. a newly enlisted soldier. Reoruit'ing, s. the act of recruiting. Recrys'tallize,i'. to crystallize again. Reet'angle, s. a right-angled parallelogram or quadrilateral figure. Rect'angled, a. having right angles. Rectan'gular, a. right-angled. Rcctan'gularly, ad. with right angles. Rec'tifiable, a. capable of being set right. Rectification, s. the act of rectifying. Rec'tifier, s. one who rectifies. Rec'tify, v. to correct or make right ; to ex- alt and improve by repeated distillation. Rectilin'eal, Ractilin'ear, Rectilin'eous, a. right-lined, consisting of right lines. Reo'titude, s. straightness, uprightness. Rec'tor, s. a minister of a parish ; a ruler. Recto'rial, a. belonging to a rector. Rec'torship, s. the office of a rector. Rcc'tory, s. a rector's church and benefice ; the rector's house. Rec'tum, s. the last of the large intestines. Recuba'tion, s. the act of lying or leaning. Recu'le. See Recoil. Recumb', v. to lean ; to repose. Recum'benee, Recum'bency, s. the act or posture of lying or leaning ; rest, repose. Recum'bent, a. lying, leaning, reposing. Recupera'tion, s. the recovery of a thing. Recu'perative, a. tending to recover. Recu'peratory, a. recuperative. Recur', v. to come back to the mind or me- mory ; to have recourse to. Recu're, v. to recover from sickness. Recurrence, Recur'rency, s. return. Recur'rent, a. returning from time to time. Recur' vate, v. to bend back : a. bent back. Racurva'tion, ,?. flexure backwards. Recur' ve, v. to bow or bend back. R-cur'vity, s. recurvation. Ri cur'vous, a. bent backward. Recu'sancy, s. non-conformity. Roc'usant, a. refusing to conform. Ucc'uaant, s . a noa-conformist. Recusa'tion, s. a refusal. Recu'se, v. to refuse, to reject. Recus'sion, s. the act of beating back. Red, a. of the color of blood. Red'breast, s. a small bird, the robin. Red-chalk', s. a kind of clay iron-stone. Red'coat,*. a name of contempt for a soldier* Red'den, v. to make or grow red ; to blush. Redden'dum, s. the clause in a lease reserv- ing the rent or returns. Red'dish, a. somewhat red. Red'dishness, s. a tendency to redness. Reddi"tion, s. the act of returning ; a ren- dering of the sense ; an explanation. Red'ditive, a. answering to an interrogation. Red'dle, s. a sort of mineral, red chalk. Rede, s. counsel, advice : v. to advise. Redeem', v. to ransom, to relieve from any thing by paying a price ; to recover. Redeem'able, a. capable of redemption. Redeem'ableness, s. the being redeemable. Redeem'er, s. one who ransoms or redeems, in particular, the Saviour of the world. Redeem'ing, a. that does or may redeem. Redeliv'er, v. to deliver or give back. Redeliv'erance, s. a second deliverance. Redelivery, s. the act of delivering back. Redemand', v. to demand back. Redemption, s. a ransom, the ransom of mankind by the death of Christ. Redemp'tory, a. paid for ransom. Redescend', v. to descend again. Red'gum, s. a disease of infants newly born. Red'hot, a. heated to redness. Redigest', v. to digest again. Redin'tegrate, v. to make whole again. Redin'tegrated, a. restored ; renewed. Redin'tegration, s. renovation, restoration. Redisbur'sc. v. to repay, to refund. Redispo'se, v. to adjust or dispose anew. Redissol've, v. to dissolve again. Redistribute, v. to distribute again. Redistribu'tion, s. a second distribution. Red-lead', s. a kind of coarse red mineral. Red'iy, ad. with redness. Red'ness, s. the quality of being red. Red'olence, Rcd'olency, s. a sweet scent. Red'olent, a. sweet of scent, fragrant. Redoub'le, v. to double again. Redoubt', s. the outwork of a fortification. Redonbt'able, a. formidable, much feared. Redoubt'ed, a. dreadful to foes, much feared, awful (now used ironically.) Redound', v. to be sent back by reaction ; to conduce to. Red'pole, s. a bird with a red head. Redress', v. to set right, to amend ; to relieve. Redress', s. amends ; remedy, relief. Redress'er, s. one who affords redress. Redress'ive, a. affording redress, succouring. Redress'less, a. without relief. Red'sear, v. to break or crack under the hammer while red-hot. Red'shank, s. the name of a bird. Red'start, Red'tail, s. a small bird. Red'streak, s. a sort of apple. Redu'ce, v. to bring back, to bring from one state to another; to diminish; to subdue; to degrade. Redu'comont, s. a subduing; a diminishing. Redu'cer, s. one that reduces. BED 240 REF Redu'cible, a. that may be reduced. Redu'cibleness, s. the being reducible. Reduct', s. a little place out of a larger building. Reduc'tion, s. the act of reducing. Reduc'tive, a. having the power to reduce. Reduc'tively, ad. by reduction. Redun'dance, Redun'dancy, s. superfluity, superabundance. Redundant, a. superfluous, overflowing. Redun'dantly. ad. superabundantly. Redu'plicate, v. to double over again. RedupHca'tion, s. the act of doubling. Redu'plicative, a. doubling again. Red'wing, j. the name of a bird. Ree, s. a small Portuguese coin. Re-ech'o, v. to echo back. Reed. s. a hollow knotted stalk ; a pipe. Reed'ed, a. covered with or made like reeds. Reed'en. a. consisting of reeds. Reed'-grass, s. a plant, bur-reed. Re-edifica'tion, s. the act of rebuilding. Re-ed'ify, v. to rebuild, to build again. Reed'less, a. being without reeds. Reed'y, a. abounding with reeds. Reef, j. that part of a sail which can bo drawn together by means of eyelet holes, so as to reduce the extent of the surface : v. to reduce the surface of a sail. Reef, j. a chain of low rocks. Reef-tackle, s. ropes used in reefing sails. Reek, s. smoke, vapour :• v. to smoke. Reek'y, a. smoked, tanned, dark. Reel, s. a turning frame on which yarn is wound ; a brisk winding dance. Reel, v. to wind on a reel ; to stagger. Re-elect', v. to elect again. Re-elec'tion, s. a fresh or second election. Re-embark', v. to take shipping again. Re-embat'tle, v. to range again for battle. Re-embod'y, v. to embody again. Re-enact', v. to enact again or anew. Re-enact'ment, s. passing into law again. Re-en fo'ree, v. to send fresh forces. Re-en fo'reement, s. fresh assistance. Re-enga'ge, v. to engage again. Re-enjoy, v. to enjoy again or anew. Re-enjoy'ment, s. a second enjoyment. Re-enkindle, v. to enkindle again or anew. Re-enlist', v. to enlist a second time. Rc-en'tcr, v. to enter again or anew. Re-enthro'ne, v. to replace on a throne. Re-en'trance, s. the act of entering again. Re-estab'lish, v. to establish anew. Re-estab'lisher, s. one that re-establishes. Re-estab'lishmcnt, s. the act of re-establish- ing ; a restoration. Reeve, s. a steward ; the bailiff of a manor. Reeve, v. to pass the end of a rope through a hole or block (a sea term.) Re-examina'tion, s. a renewed examination. Re-exam'inc, v. to examine anew. Re-ex po'rt, v. to export again. Refec'tion, s. refreshment after hunger. Refec'tive, a. refreshing. Refee'tory, s. a room for refreshment. Refel', v. to refute, to disprove. Refer', v. to direct to another for information or for judgment ; to appeal ; to reduce as to a class ; to have or bear relation. Referable, a. that may bo referred. Referee', s. one to whom anything is referred for his decision. Reference, s. a referring of some thing to another ; relation, respect ; view towards ; allusion to ; a mark referring to the bottom of a page. Referen'dary, s. an officer who, formerly, de- livered the royal answer to petitions. Refer'ment, s. reference for decision. Re-ferment', v. to ferment again or anew. Refei'rible, a. that may be referred. Rcfi'ne, v. to purify, to clear from dross ; to polish, to make elegant; to affect nicety. Reri'nedly, ad. with affected elegance. Reii'nednes3, s. state of being refined. Refinement, J. the act of refining ; the stato of being refined ; purity ; polish of man- ners, elegance ; affectation. Refi'ner, s. a purifier, one who refines. Refit', v. to repair, to fit up again. Reflect', v. to bend or throw back ; to think on what is past ; to consider attentively ; to throw censure or reproach upon. Reflec'tent, a. bending or flying back. Refiec'tion, s. the act of reflecting ; that which is reflected ; attentive consideration ; animadversion ; censure. Reflec'tible, a. that may be reflected. Reflecting, a. given to consideration. Reflec'tingly, ad. in a reflecting manner ; with censure. Refiec'tive, a. throwing back images; consi- dering things past. Reflec'tor, s. one who, or that which reflects. Reflex', v. to bend or turn back. Re'flex, s. reflection : a. directed backward. Reflexibil'ity, s. quality of being refiexible. Reflex'ibie, a. that may be bent back. Reflex'ity, s. the capacity of being reflected. Reflex'ire, a. having respect to the past. Reflex ively, ad. in a backward direction. Reflores'conce, s. a blossoming anew. Reflour'ish, v. to flourish anew. Reflow', v. to flow back, to flow again. Ref'luence, Ref'luency, s. a flowing back. Refluent, a. reflowing ; flowing back. Re'flux, s. a flowing back ; ebb of the tide, Refo"ciIlate, v. to strengthen by refreshment. Re foment', v. to foment again or anew. Reform', v. to form anew, to make better. Reform', s. reformation, amendment. Reformation, s. the act of reforming; changs from worse to better. Re-forma'tion, s. the act of forming anew. Reformatory, a. contributing to reformation. Reform'er, s. one who makes a change for the better ; one concerned in bringing about the reformation ; one who advocates or promotes political reforms. Rcform'ist, s. one of the reformed religion. Refor'tify, v. to fortify again or anew. Refos'sion, s. the act of digging up. Re found', v. to cast or mould anew. Refract', v. to break the natural or direct course of rays of light. Refrac'tion, s. the act of refracting ; varia- tion of a ray of light from its direct course. Refrac'tive, a. having power of refraction. Rofrac'toriness, s. the being refractory. Rcfrac'tory, a. obstinate, contumacious. Ref'ragablc, a. that may be confuted. REF 241 REI Befrain', v. to hold back, forbear, abstain. Re'frain, *. the burden of a song. Refra'me, v . to frame again or anew. Refrangibillty, s. the being refrangible. Refran'gible, a. capable of being refracted. Refresh', v. to recreate after fatigue, want, or pain ; to take refreshment ; to improve by- new touches. Refresh'cr, s. that which refreshes. Refreshing, s. relief after fatigue or suffering. Refresh'ment, 5. food, rest, relief after pain. Refret', s. the burden of a song. llefri"gerant, a. cooling, refreshing. Refrf'gerant, s. a cooling medicine. Refri"gerate, ts. to refresh by cooling. Refrigera'tion, s. the act of cooling. Refri"gerative, a. having power to cool. Refrigeratory, a. cooling: s. any thing that cools, as part of a distilling vessel ; a cool- ing drink or medicine. Refrige'rium, [Lat.] *. a cool refreshment. Reft. See Rift. Refuge, s. shelter from danger or distress. Refuge, v. to shelter, to take refuge. Refugee', a", one who has sought refuge. Reful'gence, s. splendor, brightness. Reful'gent, a. bright, shining, glittering. Reful'gently, ad. in a shining manner. Refund', v. to pour back, to repay, to restore. Refu'sable, a. that may be refused. Refu'sal, s. a denial ; right of choice : option. Refu'se, v. to deny a request, to reject. Refuse, a. refused as of no value, worth- less : s. worthless remains. Refu'ser, s. he who refuses or rejects. Refu'tablo, a. that may be refuted. Refutation, s. a refuting of an assertion. Refu'te, v. to prove false or erroneous. Refu'ter, J. one who refutes or disproves. Regain', v. to recover, to gain anew. Re'gal, a. royal, kingly. Rega'le, v. to entertain sumptuously, to feast ; to refresh. Rega'le, s. an entertainment, a treat. Rega'lemcnt, s. entertainment, refreshment. Rega'lia, s. the ensigns of royalty. Regal'ity, s. royalty, sovereignty, kingship. Re'gally, ad. in a regal manner. Regard', v. to look towards, to observe ; to respect, to value ; to have relation to. Regard', s. attention, respect, relation. Regard'able, a. observable, worthy of note. Regard'ant, a. in heraldry, looking back, as on the watch. Regard'er, s. one that regards. Regard'ful, a. attentive, taking notice of. Regard'fully, ad. attentively, heedfully. Regardless, a. heedless, negligent. Regard'lessly, ad. without heed. Regard'lessness, s. negligence, inattention Rcgat'ta, [Ital.] ,v. a boat-i - acc. Re'gency, s. the government by a regent. Rcgen'eracy, s. state of being regenerate. Regenerate, a. born anew by grace. Regenerate, v. to generate or produce anew ; to renew by spiritual change. Regcn'eratcncss, s. state of being regenerate. Regeneration, s. a new birth by grace. Regen'eratory, a. having power to renew. Re'gent, s.onc ruling for another ; a governor. Re'gcnt, a. governing, ruling. Re'gentship, *. the office of a regent. Reger'minate, v. to germinate again. Regermina'tion, s. a budding-out again. Re"gicide, .?. the murderer of a king ; tho murder of a king. Re"gimen, s. a diet in time of sickness. Re"giment, s. a body of soldiers commanded by a colonel ; rule, government. Rcgimen'tal, a. belonging to a regiment. Regimen'tals, s.pl. military uniform. Re'gion, s. (literally a portion of a country under a governor,) a large tract of land or space ;' country, place, locality. Re"gister, s. a list, a record. Re"gister, v. to record in a register. Re"gistership, s. the office of register. Re"gistrar, Re"gistrary, s. an officer whose business is to write and keep the register. Registra'tion, J. the act of registering. Re"gistry, s. the place where a register is kept ; facts registered. Reg'nant, a. reigning ; predominant. Regor'ge, v. to vomit up ; to swallow back. Re'graft', v. to graft again. Regrant', v. to grant back again. Regra'te, v. to grate or offend much. Regra'te, v. to buy up provisions for the pur- pose of selling them again in the same market ; to forestall. Regra'ter, s. one that regrates or forestalls. Regreet', v. to greet a second time. R< greet', s. an exchange of salutation. Regress', v. to go back, to return. Re'gress, s. passage back, power of return. Regres'sion, s. the act of going back. Regressive, a. passing back, returning. Regres'sively, ad. in a backward manner. Regret', v. to grieve at, to bo sorry for. Regret', s. vexation at something past. Regret'ful, a. full of regret. Regret'fully, ad. with regret. Reg'ular, a. agreeable to rule, methodical. Reg'ular, s. a soldier belonging to a perma- nent army ; a monk. Regularity, s. conformity to rule, method. Reg'ularly, ad. constantly, methodically. Reg'ulate, v. to adjust by rule, to direct. Regulation, s. act of regulating ; a rule. Reg'ulator, s. one who, or that which reg- ulates. Reg'ulus, s. the purest part of a metallio substance. Regur'gitate, v. to throw or be poured back. Regurgitation, s. the act of swallowing back. Rehabilitate, v. to restore a delinquent to former rank, privilege or right. Rehabilita'tion, s. the act of reinstating. Rehear', v. to hear again. Rehearing, s. a second hearing. Rehcar'sal, s. a previous recital. Rehear'se, v. to recite previously, to tell. Rehcars'er, s. one who recites. Rei'gle, s. a groove for any thing to run in. Reign, s. the time of a king's government. Reign, v. to rule as a king ; to prevail. Re-imbur'so, v. to pay back again, to refund. Re-imbur'sement, s. repayment. Re-imbur'ser, s. one who repays an expense Re-implant', v. to plant or graft again. Rc-importu'ne, v. to entreat again. Re-inipreg'nate, v. to impregnate anew. REX 242 REM Re-impres'sion, s. a second impression. Re-imprint', v. to imprint again. Re-impiis'oD, v. to imprison a second time. Rein, s part of a bridle : v. to curb. Rein'deer, s. a deer which, in Lapland, is used for drawing sledges. Re-ingra'tiate, v. to ingratiate again. Re-inliab'it, v. to inhabit again. Rein'Jess, a. without rein, unchecked. Reins, s.pl. the kidneys, the lower back. Ro-insert', v. to insert a second time. Re-inser'tion. s. a second insertion. Re-inspect', v. to inspect again. Re-inspee'tion, *. a second inspection. Re-inspi're, v. to inspire anew. Re-insial', v. to put again in possession. Re-ins tal'ment, s. a second instalment. Re-insta'te, v. to restore to its former state. Re-insta'teuaent, s. the act of putting in, or restoring to a former state. Re-insu'rance, s. a second insurance of the same property. Rc-insu're, v. to insure the same property a second time. He-in'tegrate. See Redintegrate. Re-integra'tion, s. a making whole again. Re-inter'rogate, v. to question repeatedly. Re-inthro'ne, Re-inthio'nize, v. to place again upon the throne. Re'ia Effen'di, s. a Turkish minister of state. Re-invest', v. to invest anew. Re-invest'ment, s. a second investment. Re-invig'orate, v. to reanimate. Re-it'erate, v. to repeat again and again. Re-itcra'tion, s. a frequent repetition. Reject', v. to refuse, to discard, to cast off. Reject/able, a. that may lie rejected. Rejeet'er, s. one who rejects, a refuser. Rejec'tion, s. the act of rejecting, refusal. Rejec'tive, a. that rejects or casts off. Rejoi'ce, v. to be glad, to exult, to be joyful. Rejoi'cer, s. one that rejoices. Rejoi'cing, s. expression of joy. Rfjoi'cingly, ad with joy, with exultation. Rejoin', v. to join again ; to meet one again ; to answer to a reply. Rejoin'der, s. an answer to a reply. Rejoint', v. to reunite the joints. Rejourn'. See Adjourn. Rejud'ge, v. to judge again, to review. Rejuvenes'cence, Rejuvenes'cency, s. the state of being young again. Reju'vonize, v. to make young again. Rekin'dle, v. to set on fire again. Reland', v. to land again. Relap'se, v. to slide or fall back into sickness or error; to backslide. Relap'se, s. a sliding or falling back. Relap'ser, s. one who again falls into error. Rela'tc, v. (to bring or carry back) to recite, to tell ; to have relation or reference to. Rela'ted, a having relation or reference to ; connected by birth or marriage. Rela'ter, s. a narrator, an historian. Rela'tion, s. the act of relating or telling ; reference, connexion ; kindred, a person related. Relational, a. having relation or kindred. Relationship, s. state of kindred or alliance. Rel'ative, s. a relation, a kinsman. liel'ative a, having relation, respecting. Relatively, ad. as it respects something el3'. Rel'ativencss, s. state of having relation. Rela'tor, s. in law, one who informs in the nature of a quo warranto. Relax', v. to be remiss, to slacken, to remit. Relax'ed, a. loosened, slackened. Relax'able, a. that may be remitted. Relaxation, s. a loosening, remission. Rclax'ative, s. that which has power to relax, Relax'ing, a. tending to relax. Relay', v. to lay again. Rt lay', s. a supply of horses to relieve other* on the road, or of dogs in the chace. Releas'able, a. that may be released. Relea'se, s. a setting free ; a remission. Relea'se, v. to set free from restraint. Relea'sement, s. the act of releasing. Releaser, s. one who releases or sets free. Rei'egate, v. to banish, to exile. Relega'tion, s. exile, judicial banishment. Relent', v. to feel compassion, to mollify. Relcnt'less, a. unpitying, unmerciful. Rolessee', s. in law, a person to whom a re- lease is executed. Rclessor', s. the exreutor of a release. R( 1'evance, *. state of being relevant. Rel'evant, a. relieving; relating to. Reli'ance, s. trust, dependence, confidence. R'el'ic, *. something remaining ; that which' is kej>t with veneration. Rel'ics, s. pi. the remains of dead bodies. Rel'iet. s. woman whose husband is dead. Relief, s. alleviation, succour ; relievo. Reli'er, s. one who places reliance. Reliev'able, a. capable of relief. Relie've, v. to alleviate, to succour, to assist; to change a guard. Relie'vo, s. the raising or prominence of a figure in sculpture. Reli'gion, s. duty to God, piety; a system of faith and worship. Reli"gionist, s. a bigot in any religion. Reli"gious, a. pious, devout, holy; exact. Reli"gious, s. one bound by religious vows. Reli 'giously, ad. piously, reverently. Reli' giousness, s. quality of being religious. Relin'quish, v. to forsake, to give up. Relin'quisher, s. one who relinquishes. Relin'quishment, s. the act of giving up. Rel'iquarv, s. a shrine or casket in which relics are kept. Rel'ish, s. taste, liking, flavour. Rel'ish, v. to have a liking for ; to have a- pleasing flavour. Rel'ishablc, a. having a relish. Reliv'e, v. to live again or anew. Rehi'cent, a. shining, transparent. Reluc'tance, Reluc'tancy, s. unwillingness; repugnance. Reluc'tant. a. unwilling, repugnant. Reluc'tantly, ad. with unwillingness. Reluc'tate, v. to struggle against. Relueta'tion, s. repugnance, resistance. Rclu'me, Relu'mine, v. to light anew. Rely', v. to depend upon ; to put trust in 4 Remain', s. a relic, that which is left. Remain', v. to lie left ; to continue. Remain'der, s. what is left, remains. Remains', s. pi. relics ; a dead body. Rema'ke, v. to make again or anew. Reina'nd, v. to send or call back. REM 243 RED Rern'anent, a. remaining, continuing. Rem'ancnt, s. the part remaining. Remark', s. observation, notice expressed. Remark', v. to note, to observe. Remark'able, a. observable, worthy of note. Rcmark'ableness, s. the being remarkable. Remark'ably, ad. observably, strikingly. Remark'er,s.an observer; one that remarks. Remar'ry, v. to marry a second time. Remas'ticate, v. to chew over again. Remastica't ion, s. the act of chewing again. Reme'diable, a. capable of remedy. Reme'dial, a affording remedy. Rein'ediless, a. without remedy Rem'edilessness, s. ineurableness. Rem'edj-, s. a cure, a medicine ; reparation. Rem'edy, v. to cure, to heal ; to repair. Remelt', v. to melt a second time. Remem'ber, v. to bear in mind, to recollect. Remcm'berer, s. one who remembers. Remem'brance, s. retention in the memory ; power of remembering ; account preserved, a memorial. Remembrancer, s. one who reminds. Rem'igrate, v. to remove back again. Remigra'tion, s. a removal back again. Remi'nd, v. to put in mind. Rcmiiiis'cencc.Rcminis'cency, s. recollection. Reminiscen'tial, a. relating to reminiscence. Rerai'se, v. in law, to give or grant back. Remiss', a. slack, negligent, careless. Remiss'ible, a. that may be remitted. Remis'sion, s. abatement ; forgiveness. Remiss'ly, ad. carelessly, negligently. Remissness, s. carelessness, negligence. Remit', v. to relax, to abate ; to forgive ; to send money to a distant place. Remit'tal, s. a remitting, a giving up. Remittance, s.z sum sent to a distant place. Remit'tent, a. temporarily ceasing. Remit'ter, s. one who remits or pardons. Rem'nant, s. a residue, what is left. Rem'nant, a. remaining, left. Rcmod'el, v. to model again or anew. Remon'strance, *. a strong representation. Remon'strant, a. cxpostulatory. Remon'strant, s. one that remonstrates. Reraon'strate, v. to show strong reasons against something ; to expostulate. Remonstra'tion, s. the act of remonstrating. Remon'strator, s. one who remonstrates. Rem'ora, s. an obstacle ; a fish that sticks to the bottoms of ships. Remor'se, s. sorrow for a fault, contrition. Remors'eful, a. full of remorse. Remors'eless, a. cruel, savage, unpitying. Remorselessly, ad. without remorse. Remors'elessness, s. unpitying cruelty. Remo'te, a. distant in place or time. Remo'telv, ad. at a distance. Remo'teness, s. state of being remote. Remo'tion, s. the act of removing. Remould', v. to mould or shape anew. Remount', v. to mount again. Remo'vable, a. that may be removed. Remo'val, s. the act of removing; the state of being removed. Romo've, s. change of place. Romo've, v. to put from its place; to change place ; to put away ; to plaee at a distance. Roino'vedness, s. the being removed. Remo'ver, s. one that removes. Remu'gient, a. rebellowing. Remunerabirity, s. capability of being re- munerated or rewarded. Remu'nerablc, a. rewardable. Remunerate, v. to reward, to requite, te recompense, to repay. Remunera'tion, s. reward, recompense. Remunerative, a. that affords reward. Renm'neratory, a. affording recompense. Remur'mur, v. to utter back in murmurs. Re'nal, a. belonging to the reins. Ren'ard, s. a name given to the fox. Renas'cency, s. state of being reproduced. Rcnas'cent, a. rising or springing anew. Renas'cible, a. possible to be produced again. Rencoun'ter, s. clash, collision ; personal op- position ; sudden combat ; casual engage- ment or contest. Rend, v. to tear with violence, to lacerate. Ren'der, v. to return, to repay ; to translate. Rend'er, s. one that rends. Ren'derable, a. that may be rendered. Ren'doring, s. version, translation. Ren'dezvous, s. a meeting appointed ; a place of meeting appointed. Rendezvous', v. to meet at a place. Rend'ible, a. that may be rendered. Rendition, s. the act of yielding. Ren'cgade, Rencga'do, s. an apostate. Rene'ge, v. to refuse, to deny. Rener've, v. to give new vigour to. Renew', v. to renovate, to repeat. Renew'able, a. that may be renewed. Renew'al, *. act of renewing; renovation. Renew'edness, s. the state of being renewed Renew'er, s. one who renews. Rencw'ing, s. the act of making new. Reni'tence, Reni'tency, s. resistance, reluc- tance ; opposition. Reni'tent, a. resisting, opposing, repelling. Ren'net, s. a kind of apple. See Runnet. Renoun'ee, v. to disown, to disclaim. Rcnoun'ceiiicnt, s. the act of renouncing. Renoun'cer, s. one who disowns or denies. Renounc'ing, s. the act of disowning. Ren'ovatc, ». to renew, to restore to the hrsrt or original state. Renova'tion, s. the act of renewing. Renown', s. fame, celebrity. Renown', v. to make famous. Renown'ed, a. famous, celebrated. Renown'edly, ad. with eclcbritjr. Renown'less, a. without renown ; inglorious. Rent, s. a tear, a laceration. Rent, v. to tear, to lacerate. Rent, s. annual payment for the use of land, &e. : v. to hold by (laying rent for. Rent'able, a. that may be rented. Rent/age, s. money paid as rent. Ren'tal, s. schedule or account of rents. Rent'charge, s. a charge on an estate. Rent'er, s. one that holds by paying rent. Rent'roll, s. list of rents or revenues. Renuncia'tion, .?. the nc* of renouncing. Ren'vorse, a in heraldry, inverted. Re-obtain', v. to obtain again. Re-ordain', v to ordain again or anew. Re-ordina'tion. y. a re-ordaining. Re-organ i/a't ion. .v the act of organizing anew. Ro-or'ganizc, v. to organize anew. M 2 R] 244 EEP Repa "oify, v. to pacify again, or anew. Repack', v. to pack a second time. Rc'pair, v. to go to ; to appear at. Repair', v. to restore after injury or wear ; to amend by an equivalent. Repair', s. a reparation, a supply of loss. Repair'er, s. an amender, a restorer. Ropan'dous, a. bent upwards. Rep'arable, a. that may be repairer!. Rep'anibly, ad. so as to be reparable. Reparation, j. the act of repairing; amends. Reparative, a. amending defect or loss. Reparative, s. that which repairs. Repartee', s. a smart or witty reply. Repartee', v. to make smart replies. Repass', v. to pass again, to pass back. Repast', s. a meal, food : v. to feed. Repas'ture, s. food ; entertainment. Repay', v. to pay back ; to requite. Repay'able, a. that is to be repaid. Repay'ment, J. the act of repaying. Repeal', v. to recall, to abrogate, to revoke. Repeal', s. revocation, abrogation. Rcpeal'able, a. capable of being repealed. Repeal'cr, s. one who revokes or abrogates. Repeat', v. to do or say again ; to recite. Repeat', s. a note directing a repetition. Repeat'edly, ad. over and over, frequently. Repear/er, s. one who repeats ; a watch that strikes the hours by pressing a spring. Repel', v. to drive back. Repcl'lency, s. the principle of repulsion. Repel'lent, a. having power to repel : s. that which repels. Repel'ler, s. one that repels. Repent', v. to reflect on with sorrow. Repent'ance, s. a penitent sorrow for sins. Repentant, a. sorrowful for sin, penitent. Repent'ant, J. one who repents of sin. Repent'er, s. one who repents. Repent'ingly, ad. with repentance. Repe'ople, v. to stock with people anew. Repe'opling. j. the act of rcpeopling. Repercuss', v. to beat or drive back. Repercus'sion, s. the act of driving back. Repercus'sive, a. driving back, repellent. Reperti"tious, a. found, gained by finding. Rep'ertory, s. a book of records; a treasury. Repetition, s. a recital ; a repeating. Repcti"tional, Repeti"tionary, a. containing repetitions. Repi'ne, v. to fret, to be discontented. Repi'ner, j. one that frets or murmurs. Repi'ning, s. the act of complaining. Repi'ningly, ad. with murmuring. Repla'ce, v. to put again in a former place ; to remove and put another in the place. Replacement, s. the act of replacing. Replant', v. to plant again or anew. Rcplanta'tion, s. the act of replanting. Replead', v. to plead again. Replenish, v. to stock, to fill, to complete. Reple'te, a. full, completely filled. Reple'tion, s. the state of being too full. Reple'tivc, a. replenishing, filling. Rcple'tively, ad. so as to be filled. Replev'iable, a. that may be replevied. RepleVin, Replev'y, v. to set at liberty any tiling seized, upon security given. Replica'tion, s. an answer, a reply. Repli'er, s. one who answers. Reply', v. to answer, to rejoin. Reply', s. an answer ; return to an answer. Repol'ish, v. to polish again. Repo'rt, v. to carry back as an answer or an account of something ; to tell or relate ; to noise abroad. Repo'rt, s. a rumour ; repute ; a loud noise. Repo'rter, 5. one who reports. Rcpo'sal, s. the act of reposing. Repo'se, s. rest, sleep, quiet, peace. Repo'se, v. to lay to rest ; to be at rest ; to place as in confidence. Repo'sedness, s. state of being at rest. Repos'it, v . to lodge as in a place of safety. Reposi"tion, s. the act of laying up. Repository, s. a storehouse or place where any thing is safely laid up. Repossess', v. to possess again. Reposses'sion, s. the act of possessing again. Reprehend', v. to reprove, to blame, to chide. Reprehend'er, s. one who reprehends. Reprehen'siblc, a. culpable, censurable. Reprehen'sibleness, s. blamableness. Reprehen'sibly, ad. blamably, culpably. Reprehen'sion, s. reproof, open blame. Reprehen'sive, a. giving reproof. Reprehen'sory, a. containing reproof. Represent', v. to exhibit as if the thing were present ; to show dramatically ; to describe ; to appear or act for another. Rcprcscnta'tion, s. the act of representing ; a likeness or image ; a description. Representative, a. exhibiting likeness ; re- presenting another. Representative, s. one who represents an- other or others: that which shows or re- presents something. Representatively, ad. by representation. Representor, s. one who shows or exhibits. Represent'ment, s. an image ; a likeness. Repress', v. to crush, to put down, to subdue. Repress'er, s. one who represses. Repressive, a. able or tending to repress. Eeprie've, s. a respite or remission after sentence of death. Reprie've, v. to respite from punishment. Rep'rimand, s. a rebuke, reprehension. Repriina'nd, v. to chide, to reprove. Re'print, s. a new impression or edition. Reprint', v. to print a new edition. Repri'sal, s. a seizure by way of retaliation. Rcpri'sc, v. to take in retaliation. Reproach', v. to censure, to upbraid. Reproach', s. censure, shame, disgrace. Reproach 'able, a. deserving reproach. Rcproach'ful, a. scurrilous, shameful, Tile. Repioach'fully, ad. opprobrious! y. Rep'robate, a. lost to virtue, abandoned. Rcp'robatc, s. an abandoned wretch. Rep'robate, v. to disapprove of highly ; to reject ; to abandon. Rep'robateness, j. state of being reprobate. Rep'robatcr, s. one who reprobates. Rcproba'tion, s. the act of reprobating; con- demnation ; the act of abandoning, or of being abandoned to eternal damnation. Rcproriu'ce, v. to produce again or anew. Roprodu'cer, s. one who produces anew. Reproduc'tion, s. the act of producing anew. Reproof, s. blame to one's face, rebuke. Repro'vabie, a. deserving reproof or blame. KEP 245 KES RepTo've, v. to blame, to censure, to chide. Repro'ver, s one that reproves. Repru'ne, v. to prune a second time. Rep'tile, a. creeping like a reptile ; grovel- ling, base. Rep'tile, s. a creeping thing; a mean person. Repub'lic, S. a state in which the sovereign power is lodged in representatives chosen by the people ; a commonwealth. Republican, s. one who holds that a com- monwealth, without monarchy, is the best form of government. Republican, a. pertaining to a republic. Republicanism, s. attachment to a republican form of government. Republication, s. a second publication. Republic of Letters, the literary world. Republish, v. to publish anew. Repub'lisher, s. one who republishes. Repu'diablc, a. that may be rejected. Repu'diate, v. to divorce, to put away. Repudiation, s. a divorce ; rejection. Repu'gn, v. to oppose, to withstand. Repug'nanee, Repugnancy, s. reluctance, resistance ; contrariety. Repug'nant, a. reluctant, contrary. Repug'nantly, ad. with repugnance. Repul'lulate, v. to bud again. Repul'se, s. a being driven off; a refusal. Repul'se, v. to beat back, to drive off. Repul'ser, s. one who repulses. Repul'sion, *. the act of driving back. Repul'sive, a. driving back ; cold, forbidding. Repul'siveness, s. the being repulsive. Repurchase, ». to buy again, to buy back. Repurchase, s. the act of buying again. Rep'utable, a. of good repute ; honorable. Rep'utableness, s. the being reputable. Rep'utably, ad. with good repute. Reputa'tion, s. good name ; character. Repu'te, v. to think, to reckon, to hold. Repu'te, s. character ; reputation. Repu'tedly, ad. in common estimation. Repu'teless, a. disreputable. Request', s. a petition, an entreaty ; demand. Request', v. to ask, to solicit, to entreat. Request'er, *. a petitioner, a solicitor. Requick'en, v. to re-animate. Rc'quiem, s. a hymn for the dead ; rest. Requi'etory, s. a sepulchre. Requi'rable, a. that may be required. Requi're, v. to demand, to ask a thing as of right ; to claim ; to need. Requirement, s. a thing required ; a demand. Requi'rer, s. one who requires. Req'uisite, a. necessary, needful, proper. Req'uisite, *. any thing necessary. Req'uisitely, ad. in a requisite manner. Req'uisiteness, s. state of being requisite. Requisition, s. a demand ; an application. Requis'itivc, a. indicating demand. Requis'itory, a. sought for, demanded. Requi'tal, s. a retaliation ; a recompense. Requi'te, v. to repay, to recompense. Requi'ter, s. one who requites. Resail', v. to sail back. Ro'salo, s. a second sale. Resalu'to, v. to salute again, or in return. Rescind', v. to cut off; to abrogate ajaw. Rescis'sion, s a cutting off; an abrogation. Rescissory, a. cutting off; abrogating. Rescri'be, v. to write back or over again. Re'script, s. the edict of an emperor. Res'cuable, a. that may be rescued. Res'cue, v. to set free from danger or con- finement. Res'euc, s. a deliverance from restraint, &c Res'cuer, s. one that rescues. Research', s. an inquiry, diligent search. Research', v. to seek and examine. Rescarch'er, s. one who makes research. Reseat', v. to seat again. Resei'ze, v. to seize again. Resei'zurc. .s. seizure a second time. Resem'blance, s. similitude ; a likeness. Resem'ble, v. to be like ; to compare. Resend', v. to send back; to send again. Resent', v. to take as an affront. Resent'er, s. one who resents injuries. Resent'ful, a. easily provoked, malignant. Resent'ingly, ad. with continued anger. Resent'ivc, a. easily excited to resentment. Resent'ment, s. a deep sense of injury. Reserva'tion, s. something kept back. Reser'vative, a. reserving. Reser'vatory, s. the place in which any thing is reserved or kept. Heser'vc, s. a store kept untouched, some- thing kept for exigence ; something kept back ; caution ; coolness. Reser've, v. to keep in store, to retain, to lay up for a future time. Reser'ved, a. not frank or communicative ; sullen ; cool ; modest. Reser'vedly, ad. with reserve ; coldly. Reser'vedness, s. want of frankness. Rcser'ver, s. one who reserves. Res'ervoir, s. a place for keeping something in store, generally water ; a cistern. Reset'tle, v. to settle again. Reset'tlement, s. the act of settling again. Reship', v. to ship or load again. Res'iance, *. residence, abode, dwelling. Res'iant, a. dwelling in a place. Resi'de, v. to live in a place ; to subside. Res'idence, s. place of abode, a dwelling. Rcs'ident, a. dwelling in a place. Res'ident, s. an inhabitant ; a minister or agent at a foreign court. Residen'tiary, a. having a residence ; one who keeps a certain residence. Resi'der, s. one who resides in a place. Resid'ual, a. relating to the residue. Resid'uary, a. entitled to the residue of pro- perty, as, a residuary legatee. Res'idue, *. the remaining part, what is left. Resid'uum, [Lat.] s. that which remains when the rest is drawn off. Resi'gn, v. to give or yield up, to submit. Resigna'tion, s. act of resigning; submission. Resign'ed. a. calmly submissive. Resign'edly, ad. with resignation. Resign'er, s. one who resigns. Resign'ment, s. the act of resigning. Rcsi'le, v. to start or spring back. Resil'icnce, Rcsil'loney, s. a leaping back. Resil'ient, a. starting or springing back. Resili"tion, s. the act of springing back. Res'in, s. the gum of certain trees. Rcs'inous, a. containing resin ; like resin. Res'in ousn ess, s. quality of being resinous. Resipis'cencc, s. wisdom after the fact. BES 246 EES Resist', v. to strive against, to oppose. Resistance, s. the act of resisting, opposition. Resist'ant, s. that which resists. Resist'er, s. one that resists. Resistibil'ity, s. the quality of being resis- tible ; also, the quality of resisting. Resist'ible, a. that may be resisted. Resist'ive, a. having power to resist. Resist'less, a. that cannot be resisted. Resist') ess! y, ad. so as not to be resisted. Res'oluble, a. that may be melted. Res'olute, a. determined, firm, steady, bold. Res'olutely, ad. ueterminately, firmly. Res'oluteness, s. state of being resolute. Resolution, s. the act of resolving; analysis; fixed determination ; firmness. Res'olutive, a. having power to dissolve, Resol'vable, a. capable of solution. Resol've, v. to solve; to analyze ; to clear of doubt, to settle an opinion ; to determine with one's self: to declare by vote. Resol've, s. fixed determination, resolution. Resol'vedly, ad. with firmness of purpose. Resol'vedness. s. resolution ; firmness. Resol'vent, a. having power to dissolve. Resol'vent, a - , that which has the power of causing solution. Resol'ver, s. one who. or that which resolves. Resol'ving, s. the act of resolving. Res'onance, s. a return of sound ; an echo. Res'onant, a. resounding, echoing. Resorb', v. to swallow up. Resorb'ent, a. swallowing up. Resort', v. to have recourse ; to go, to repair. Resort'.*, an assemblage ; a place frequented. Resort'er, s. one that frequents or visits. Resound', s. return of sound, echo. Resound', v. to echo ; to celebrar en Resour'ce, s. any source of aid or support ; an expedient. Resour'celess, a. without resource. Resow', v. to sow again. Respect', v . to regard, to esteem ; to have relation to : s. regard, reverence ; view ; relation ; motive. Respectability, Respect'ableness, s. the state or quality of being respectable. Respect'abie, a. deserving of respect. Respect'ably, ad. so as to merit respect. Respect'er, s. one who has partial regard. Respect' ful, a. full of respect; ceremonious. Respect' fully, ad. with a degree of reverence. Respect'fulness. .?. quality of being respectful. Respective, a. particular ; relative. Respectively, ad. particularly ;. relatively. Respect'less, a. having no respect. Resper'se, v. to disperse in small drops. Resper'sion, s. the act of sprinkling. Respi'rable, a. that can be respired. Respira'tion, s. the aet of breathing ; relief. Respi'ratory, a. having power to respire. Respi're, v. to breathe ; to rest from toil. Res'pite, s. a reprieve, pause, interval. Res'pite. v. to suspend a sentence. Resplen'dence, Resplen'dency, s. lustre, brightness, great effulgence. Resplen'dent, a. shining, bright. Resplen'dently, ad. brightly, splendidly. Respond', s. a short anthem. Respond', v. to answer, to correspond. Respon'dent, a. answering. Respondent, s. one who a7)STrers in a suit. Respon'sal, «. answerable, responsible. i Respon'se, s. an alternate answer, a reply. I Responsibility, Respon'sibleness, *. state of being accountable or answerable for. I Respon'sible, a. answerable, accountable. j Respon'sive, Respon'sory, a. answering. | Respon'sory, s. an answer, a response. j Rest,*, cessation of motion or labour ; repose, sleep, quiet, peace ; death ; a support or prop; that which is left, the remainder. j Rest, v. to cease from motion or labour ; t» repose ; to lean on ; to remain with. I Restag'nant, a. standing without Mow. I Restag'nate, v. to stand without flow. | Restaura'tion, s. the act of restoring to the former state. I Restem', v. to force back against the current. j Restful, a. quiet, being at rest. ! Rest'fully, ad. in a state of quiet. I Res'tiff, Res'tive, a. unwilling to stir or g« forward ; stubborn. I Restinc'tion, s. the aet of extinguishing. I Rest'ing-place, s. a place of rest. j Res'titute. v . to recover to a former state. , Restitu'tion, s. the act of restoring or indem- nifying ; indemnification. i Restitu'tor, s. one who makes restitution. Res'tiveness, s. obstinate reluctance. I Rest'less, a. unquiet, sleepless. 1 Rest'Iessly, ad. without rest ; unquietly. j Rcst'lessncss, s. state of being restless. ' Resto'rable, a. that may be restored. Restora'tion, a\ the act of restoring or re- placing in a former state. Resto'rative, a. having power to restore. Resto'rative, s. a restorative medicine. Resto're, v. to give back, to bring back, to replace ; to revive, to cure. Resto'rer, s. one that restores or repairs. Restrain', v. to withhold, repress, limit. Restrain'able, a. that may be restrained. Restrain'edly. ad. with restraint. Restrain'er, s. one that restrains. Restraint', s. the act of restraining; state o# being restrained ; that which restrains. Restrict', v. to limit, to confine. Restriction, 5. confinement, limitation. Restrictive, a. imposing limitation. Restric'tively. ad. with limitation. Restrin'ge, v. to confine, to bind. Restrin'gency, s. the power of contracting. Restrin'gent, a. having power to bind. Restrin'gent. s. an astringent medicine. Restri've, v. to strive again or anew. Resubjec'tion, s. a second subjection. Resubli'me, v. to sublime a second time. Result', v. to leap back ; to spring or pro- ceed from as a consequence or effect. Result', s. an effect produced, consequence Resul'tance, s. the act of resulting. Resu'mable. a. that may be resumed. Resu'me. v. to take back, to begin again. Resum'mon, v. to summon again, to recall. Resumption, s. the act of resuming. Resumptive, a. taking back. Resupina'tion, s. a lying on the back. Resu'pine, a. lying on the back. Resurrection, *. revival from the dead. Resurvey', v. to review or survey again. Resur'vey, s. a second survey. RES 247 HEV Resus'citate, v. to stir up again ; to revive. Resuscitation, s. the act of resuscitating. Resus'citative, a. raising from death to life. Retail', v. to divide into, or sell, in small quantities, or at second hand. Re'tail, s. sale by small quantities. Retail'er, s. one who retails. Retain', v. to keep hack ; to keep in posses- sion ; to keep in pay. Retain'cr, s. an adherent, a dependent; a fee to retain or secure counsel. Reta'ke, v. to take again. Reta'ker, s. one who takes again. Reta'king, s. a taking again, a recapture. Retaliate, v. to return, to repay, to requite. Retaliation, s. return of like for like. Retaliatory, a. returning like for like. Retard', v to hinder, to delay, to put off. Retarda'tion, s. the act of delaying. Retard'er, s. a hindcrer, an obstructer. Retard'ment, s. the act of retarding. Retch, v. to make an effort to vomit. Reten'tion, j. the act or power of retaining ; the memory. Reten'tive, a. having power to retain. Reten'tiveness, s. the faculty of retention. Ret'icence, s. concealment by silence. Ret'icle, s. a small net. Retic'ular, a. having the form of a net. Retic'ulated, a. made of net-work. Retic'ulation, s. net-work. Ket'icule, s. a small bag of net-work ; a small bag or purse to be carried in the hand. Ret'iform, a. having the form of a net. Ret'ina, s. that part of the eye which receives the image of the object in vision. Ret'inue, s. a train of attendants. Reti're, v. to withdraw, to retreat. Reti're, s. retreat, place of privacy. Reti'red, a. secret, solitary, private. Reti'redly, ad in solitude, in privacy. Reti'redness, s. solitude, privacy. Retirement, s. the act of withdrawing ; pri- vate abode , private way of life. Retort', v. to throw back ; to return an argu- ment or censure ; to make a severe reply : ,v. the return of a censure or incivility ; a glass with a bent neck. Retort'er, s. one that retorts. Retort'ing, s. act of casting back censure. Retor'tion, s. the act of retorting. Retoss'. v. to toss or throw back again. Retouch', v. to improve by new touches. Retra'ce, v. to trace back or over again. Retrac t, v. to draw back, to recall, to unsay. Retrac'tnte, v. to unsay, to recant. Retraeta'tion, s. disavowal, recantation. Retrac'tible, a that may 1 e drawn back. Retrae'tion, s. a retractation. Retrac'tive, a. withdrawing, taking from. Retrac'tive, s. that which withdraws. Retreat', v. to retire; to take shelter; s. the act of retreating ; a place of safety ; a state of privacy. Retrench', v. to cut or lop off, to lessen or reduce, to limit or abridge. Retrenchment, s a reduction of expense. Retrib'ute, v. to pay back, to requite. IWrib'utor, s. otic that makes retribution. Retribu'tion, s. a repayment ; a requital. Retrib ulivc, a. repaying, requiting. Retrib'utory, a. retributive. Retrie've, v. to recover, to repair, to regain. Retrie'vable. a. that may bo retrieved. Retro-ac'tive. a. acting or going backwards. Retroac'tively, ad. by returned action. Retroce'de, v. to go backwards. Retrocession, s. the act of going back. Retrograda'tion, s. a going backward. Ret'rograde, a. going backward. Ret'rograde. v. to go backward. Retrogres'sion, s. the act of going backward. Retrogressive, a. moving backward. Retropul'sive, a. driving back, repelling. Retror'sely, ad. in a backward direction. Ret'rospect, v. a looking back on things past. Retrospection, s. a looking back on the past. Retrospective, a. looking backward. Retrospec'tiveJy, ad. b\ way of retrospect. Retroversion , s. a turning backward. Ret'rovert, v. to turn back. Retru'de, v. to thrust back. Refund', v. to blunt, to turn the edge of. Return', v. to come or go back ; to give or send back ; to retort ; to repay. Return', s. the act of coming back, the r.et of returning; that which is returned; profit ; repayment ; requital ; relapse. Returnable, a. that may be returned. Return'er, s. one who returns. Return'ine-officer, s. an officer who makes returns of writs, &c. Return'less, a. admitting no return. Re-u'nion, s. a second union, a reuniting. Rc-uni'te, v . to unite again, to reconcile. Re-uni"tion, s. the act of joining again. Revaluation, s. a fresh valuation. Reveal', ». to disclose, to discover, to make known ; to impart from heaven. Reveal'er, *. one who reveals. Revcal'ment, s. the act of revealing. Re veil') e, or Reveille', [Fr.] s. the morning beat of drum fjr rising. Rev'el, v. to carouse, to feast with jollity. Rev'el, s. a carouse, a jovial feast. Revel', v. to retract, to draw back. Revela'tion, s. the act of revealing; that which is revealed; a disclosure from hea- ven ; the apocalypse of Saint John. Rev'eller, s. one who feasts with jollity. Rev'elling. s. loose jollity, revelry. Rev'el-rout, *. a mob ; tumultuous mirth. Rcv'elry. s. loose jollity, festive mirth. Reven'ge, s. return of an injury or affront. Reven'ge, v. to return an injury, to wreak wrongs, to take vengeance Pevcn'geful, a. vindictive, given to revenge Reven'gefully, ad. vindictively. Reven'gefulness, s. vindictivencss. Reven'geless, a. unrevenged. Reven'gement, s. return of an injury. Reven'ger, s. one who takes revenge. Reven'gingly, ad. vindictively. Rev'enue, s. an income ; annual profits. Rever'berant, a. beating back ; resounding. Rever'bcrate, v. to beat back ; to resound. Reverbera'tion, s. the act of reverberating. Rever'beratory, a. beating back : returning. Rever'beratory, s. a reverberating furnace, contrived to throw back the heat. Reve're, it. to love, fear, and honor ; to ven- erate, to reverence. REV 248 EHO Rev'erence, s. veneration ; a bow or courtesy ; a title given to the clergy. Rev'erence, v. to regard with reverence. Rev'erencer, 5. one who pays reverence. Rev'erend, a. deserving reverence ; a title given to the clergy. Rev'en-nt, «. showing reverence; humble. Reveren'tial, a. expressing Teverence. Reveren'tially. ad. with show of reverence. Rev'crently, ad. with reverence. Reve'rer, s. one who venerates or reveres. Reverie'. Rev'ery, s. a fit of wandering thought or deep musing. Reversal, s. a change of sentence. Rever'sal, a. implying reverse. Rever'se, v. to turn upside down ; to turn or change to the contrary ; to subvert : s. change, vicissitude ; the opposite side. Rever'sed, p. and a. inverted ; opposite. Revcr'sodly, ad. in a reversed manner. Rever'seless, a not to be reversed. Rever'sely, ad. on the opposite side. Rever'sible, a. that may be reversed. Rever'sion, s. the returning of property to the former owner or his heirs, after the death of the present possessor ; right of | succession. Rcver'sionary, a. having a right to be en- joyed in reversion or succession. Rever'sioner, s. one who has a reversion. Revert', v. to turn back, to return ; to charge. Revert'ible, a. that may be returned. Rcvert'ive, a. turning to the contrary. Reves't, v. to re-invest ; to clothe again. Reves'tiary, s. a place for vestments. Rcvic'tion, s. return to life. Revict'ual, v. to stock with victuals again. Review', v. to view again, to survey, to exa- mine again ; to examine critically. Review', s. a seeond or repeated view ; a military inspection : a critical examination of a book ; a periodica, publication for reviewing books. Review'er, s. one who reviews. Revig'orate, v. to add new vigour. Revile, v. to reproach, to abuse, to vilify. Revi'lement, *. contumelious language. Revi'ler, s. one who reviles another. Revi'ling, s. the act of reproaching. Revi'lingly. ad. in an opprobrious manner. Revi'sal, Revision, s. the act of revising. Revi'se, v. to review, and, where necessary, to correct and amend : s. a re-examination ; a second or further proof of a printed sheet for correction. Revi'ser, s. one who revises. Revis'it. v. to visit again or a second time. Revisita'tion, s. the act of revisiting. Revi'val, s. restoration to life or as to life. Revi've, v. to bring to life again ; to recover new life or vigour ; to rouse. Revi'vcr, s. he who, or that which revives. Reviv'ificate, v. to recall to life. Revivifica'tion, s. the act of recalling to life. Reviv'ify, v. to recall to life. Revi'ving, a. giving new life. Revivis'cence, Revivis'ccncy, s. renewal of life or of existence. Revivis'cent, a. reviving, restoring life. Rcvi'vor. s. the revival of a suit at law. Rev'ocable, a. that mav be revoked. Rev'ocabieness, s. the being revocable. Relocate, v. to recall, to call back. Revocation, s. the act of recalling : a re- peal, a reversal. Revo'ke, v. to call back, to reverse ; to re- peat ; at whist, not to follow suit. Revo'ke, s. the act of revoking at cards. Revo'kement, s. revocation, repeal, recall. Revolt', v. to turn from one to another ; to renounce allegiance ; to shock : s. deser- tion, change of sides. Revolt'er, s. one who revolts, a renegade. Rev'oluble, a. capable of revolving. Revolution, j. rotation or circular motion ; motion back or to the point of commence- ment ; a complete change in the state or government of a country. Revolutionary, a. originating in a revolu- tion ; anarchical. Revolutionist, s. a favorer of revolutions. Revolutionize, v. to change the government of any state or country. Revol've, v. to roll or turn round, to perform a revolution ; to turn in the mind, to me- ditate on. Revol'vency, s. constant revolution. Revom'it, v. to vomit again. Rcvul'sion, s. the act of drawing back. Revul'sive, a. having the power of revulsion. Revul'sive, *. that which draws back. Reward', v. to recompense, to requite. Reward', s. recompense, requital. Reward'able, a. worthy of Teward. Reward'ableness, s. worthiness of reward. Reward'er, s. one who rewards. Reword', v. to repeat word for word. Rewri'te, v. to write a second time. Rhab'arbarate, a. tinctured with rhubarb. Rhabdol'ogy, s. the computing by rods. Rhab'domancy, s. divination by a wand. Rhap'sodist, s. one who writes rhapsodies. Rhapsodical, a. unconnected, wild. Rhap'sody, *. rambling, wild, and uncon- nected writings or speech. Rhen'ish, *. a kind of German wine. Rhet'oric, s. the art of speaking with pro priety, elegance, and force ; the science of oratory ; the power of persuasion. Rhetor'ical, a. pertaining to rhetoric. Rhetorically, ad. in a rhetorical manner. Rhetori"cian, s. one skilled in rhetoric. Rheum, s. a thin watery humor secreted by the mucous glands; an inflammatory action of certain glands, as in a cold. Rheumat'ic, a. pertaining or tending to rheumatism. Rheu'matism, s. a painful disease, usually affecting the joints or limbs. Rheu'my, a. full of sharp moisture or rheum. Rhino"ceros, *. a large beast of the East Indies, with a horn on his nose. Rho'dian, a. pertaining to the island of Rhodes. Rhodi'tes, s. a precious stone of a rose-color. Rho'dium. s. a newly-discovered white metal, found in crude platina. Rhododen'dron, s. a flowering shrub. Rho'donite, s. a kind of reddish mineral. Rhomb, s. an oblique-angled parallelogram. Rhoni'bic, a. shaped like a rhomb. Rhom'boid, s. a figure like a rhomb. RHO 249 EIN Rhomboid'al, a. like a rhomb. Rhomb'-spar, s. a grayish-white mineral. Rhu'barb, s. a medicinal purgative root. Rhubarb'ine, j. a vegetable substauce ob- tained from rhubarb. Rhumb, s. a vertical circle of any given place ; a point of the compass. Rhumb'-line, s. a kind of compass line. Rhyme, s. similarity of sound at the ends of verses ; harmonical succession of sounds ; a word chiming with another word ; poetry, a poem. Rhyme, v. to agree in sound ; to make verses. Rhy'mcloss, a. destitute of rhyme. Rhy'mcr, Rhy'mester, s. a versifier. Rhythm, s. metre, verse, numbers; in music, the flow and proportion of sounds. Rhyth'mical, a. harmonical, musical. Ri ant, [Fi\] a. laughing, smiling, gay. Rib, s. a bone in the side of an animal; a piece of timber in the side of a ship ; a prominent line ; a strip. Rib, v. to enclose as by ribs. Rib'ald, a. base, mean, coarse, loose. Rib'ald, s. a loose, rough, mean wretch. Rib'aldry, s. lewd vulgar talk. Rib'and, Rib'bon, j. a fillet of silk. Rib'bed, a. furnished or marked with ribs. Rice, s. a kind of esculent grain. Rich, a. wealthy, opulent, sumptuous, valu- able ; fertile, copious. Rich'es, s.pl. plenty of money or possessions. Rich'ly, ad. with riches ; splendidly. Rich'ness, s. opulence, splendor; fertility. Rick, s. a pile or heap of corn, hay, &c. Rick'ets, s. a disease in children, by which the joints grow knotty and the limbs un- even or disproportioned. Rick'ety, a. diseased with the rickets. Rid, v. to set free, to clear ; to drive away. Rid'dance, s. deliverance, disencumbrance. Rid'dle, s. a coarse sieve for sifting. Rid'dle, v . to sift or separate by a riddle. Rid'dle, s. an enigma, any thing puzzling. Rid'dle, v. to unriddle, to solve. Rid'dler, s. one who speaks in riddles. Rid'dlingly, ad. in the manner of a riddle. Ride, s. an excursion on horseback or in a vehicle ; a road or place to ride in : v. to travel on horseback or in a vehicle. Ri'der. s. one who rides ; an after-clause to a bill while pending in parliament. Ridge, v. the upper part of the back; the top of a roof or slope ; a strip of ground thrown up by a plough ; a wrinkle. Ridge, v. to form a ridge, to wrinkle. Rid'gel, Rid'geling, s. a beast half castrated. Rid'gy, a. rising in a ridge. Rid'icule, s. wit that provokes laughter. Rid'icule, v. to expose to laughter. Rid'iculer, s. one that ridicules. Ridic'ulous, a. fit to be laughed at. Ridic'ulously, ad. in a ridiculous manner. Ridic'ulousness. s. the being ridiculous. Ri'cling, s. a district, one of the three divi- sions of Yorkshire. Ri'dinghabit, s. a riding-dress for a lady. Ri'dinghood, s. a hood used when riding. Ri'ding-house, Ri'ding-school, s. a place in which the art of riding is taught. Ridot'to, [It.] J. a musical entertainment. Rife, a. prevalent, abounding. Rifely, ad. prevalently, abundantly. Ri'fencss, s. prevalence, abundance. Riffraff, s. the refuse of any thing. Ri'fie, s. a gun having the inside of the bar- rel grooved, calculated for deadly aim. Ri'fie, v. to rob, to pillage, to plunder. Ri'fteman, s. a soldier armed with a rifle. Ri'fier, *. one who rifles, a robber. Rift, s. a cleft, a fissure, a split. Rift, v. to rive, to split, to cleave. Rig, s. a wanton ; a trick ; a joke : v. to play the wanton ; to play tricks. Rig, v. to dress ; to fit with tackling. Rigadoon', s. a kind of French dance. Riga tion, s. the act of watering. Rig'ger, s. one that rigs or dresses. Rigging, s. the sails and tackling of a ship. Rig'gish, a. wanton, lewd. Right, a. straight, direct ; upright, just, proper, fit, suitable ; not the left. Right, ad. in a right manner ; in a straight line; justly, properly; very. Right, s. that which is right ; justice ; just claim; privilege, prerogative. Right, v. to set right, to relieve from wrong. Right, int. correctly ! justly ! Right'eous, a. just, virtuous, equitable. Right'eously, ad. uprightly, honestly. Right'eousness, s the being righteous. Right'er, s. one who does justice. Right' ful, a. having a just claim, honest. Right'fully, ad. according to right. Rightfulness, s. moral rectitude. Right'ly, ad. properly, honestly, exactly. Right'ness, s. rectitude ; straightness. Ri"gid, a. stiff ; severe, sharp, cruel. Rigid'ity, s. stiffness, inflexibility. Ri"gidly, ad. inflexibly, severely. Ri"gidness, s. rigidity ; severity. Rig'marole, s. a repetition of senseless woi da. Rig'orous, a. strict, exact; severe, harsh. Rig'orously, ad. strictly ; severely, harshly. Rig'orousness. s.the quality of being rigorous. Rig'our, s. stiffness, strictness, severity. Rill, s. a small brook or streamlet. Rill, v. to run in small streams. Rim, a border, a margin, an edge. Rime, s. a hoar frost or dew frozen. Rim'ple, s. a wrinkle, a fold. Rim'ple, v. to wrinkle, to pucker. Rim'pling, s. undulation. Ri'my, a. abounding with rime. Rind, s. bark, husk : v. to husk, to bark. Ring, s. a circle ; a circle of gold or other material worn as an ornament. Ring, v. to fit with a ring ; to encircle. Ring, v. to sound a bell ; to sound as a bell ; to tinkle ; to resound. Ring, s. the sound of a bell. Ring'-bolt, 5. a bolt with a ring to it. Ring'bone, s. a callous or hard swelling in the pastern of a horse. Rmg'dove, 5. a kind of pigeon. Ring'er, s. one who rings. Ring'ing, s. a tinkling sound; the art of producing harmony from bells. Ringleader, s. the head of a riotous mob. Ring'let, s. a small ring; a curl. Ringstreaked, a. circularly streaked. Ring'tail, s. a kind of kite. M 3 BIN 250 EOG Ring y worm, s. a circular totter, a disease. Rinse, v. to cleanse by washing ; to clear of the soap used in washing linen. Ri'ot, s. a tumult, an uproar; noisy festivity. Ri'ot, v . to raise an uproar, to revel. Ri'oter, s. one who makes a riot. Ri'oting, 5. a rint, a revelling. Ri'otous, a. disposed to riot, turbulent. Ri'otously, ad. in a riotous manner. Ri'otousness, s. state of being riotous. Rip, s. a laceration, a rent. Rip, v . to tear, to lacerate ; to cut open. Ripe, a. brought to perfection, as fruit ; ready or proper for use ; complete. Ri'pely, ad. maturely ; at the fit time. Ri'pon, v. to grow ripe, to mature. Ri'peness, s. maturity, perfection, fitness. Rip'por, s. one who rips or lacerates. Rip'plc, s. a curl or agitation on the surface of water : v. to curl or agitate the surface of water. Rip'pling, s noise, as of water agitated. Rise, v. to get up, to ascend ; to grow ; to increase ; to spring : s. the act of rising ; ascent, elevation ; increase ; source, origin, beginning. Ri'ser, s. one who rises. Risibil'ity, s. the facility of laughing. Ris'ible, a. having the power of laughing ; exciting laughter. Ri'sing, 5. act of getting up ; an elevation, a tumor ; an insurrection. Risk, s. hazard, danger, chance of harm. Risk, v. to hazard, to put to chance. Risk'cr, s. ae who risks or hazards. Rite, s. a solemn act of.rcligion ; a ceremo- I Ttial observance. Ritornel'lo, [Ital.] s. the return or burden | of an air or song. Rit'ual, a. pertaining to or prescribing rites Rit'ual, s. a book of religious ceremonies-. Rit'nalist, s. one skilled in the ritual. Rit'ually, ad. by rites. Riv'age, s. a bank ; a coast or shore. Ri'val, s. a competitor : v. to emulate ; to b< competitors : a. emulous. Rival'ity, s. rivalry; equal rank. Ri'valry, s. competition, emulation. Ri'valsiiip, s. state or character of a rival. Rive, v. to split, to cleave, to rend. Riv'el, v. to contract, into wrinkles. Riv'cr, s. a large stream of water. Ri'ver, *. one who splits or cleaves. Riv'er-dragon, s. a crocodile. Riv'eret, s. a small stream ; a rill. Ri.'cr-god, s. the tutelar deity of a river. Riv'er-horse, s. the hippopotamus. Riv'er- water, s. the water of a river. Riv'et, s. a nail or pin clenched at both ends. | Riv'ct, v. to fasten with rivets. Riv'ulct, s. a small river, a brook. Rixa'tion, s. a brawl or quarrel. Rix-dol'lar, S. a German coin, value 4*. Gd. | Roach, s. the name of a fresh-water fish. Road, 5. an open way ; a public passage or thoroughfare ; a roadstead or place for ships to anchor in. Ruad'stead, $■ a place for ships to anchor in. | Road'ster, J. a horse used to travelling. Road'way, s. the public road, the highway. | Roam, v. to wander, to ramble, to rove. ; Roam'er, s. a rambler, a wanderer. Roam'ing, v. the act of wandering. Roan, a. ot a color between bay and sorrel. Roan, s. leather resembling morocco. Roan'-tree, s. the mountain ash. Roar, v. to make a loud noise. Roar, s. the cry of a wild beasi ; an outcry of distress; a loud noise. Roar'er, s. a noisy fellow ; a term applied to a broken-winded horse. Roar'ing, s. the cry of a wild beast ; outcry of distress ; sound of the wind or sea. Roast, v. to dress meat by exposing it to th« fire ; to parch, to scorch, to heat to excess; to banter severely. Roast, s. any thing roasted : a. roasted. Roast'er, s. one who roasts ; a gridiron. Roast'ing, s. a severe bantering. Rob, v. to steal openly, to plunder. Rob'ber, s. one that robs, a plunderer. Rob'bery, s. theft by force ; theft. Robe, s. a gown or dress of state. Robe, v. to put on a robe ; to invest. Rob'ert, s. the herb stork-bill. Rob'in, s. a small bird with a red breast, Robin-good'fellow, J. a sprite, a goblin. Rob'orant, a. strengthening. Robo'rean, Robo'reous, a. very strong. Robust', a. strong, sinewy, vigorous. Robus'tious, a. vigorous, boisterous. Robus'tiously, ad. boisterously. Robustness, s. strength ; vigour. Roc, s. a fabulous bird of the East. Roc'ambole, s. a kind of wild garlic. Roch'ct, s. a kind of surplice. Rock, s. a vast mass of stone ; a defence. Ruck, v. to move backwards and forward^ to shake ; to lull to sleep. Rock'-basin, s. a basin cut in a rock for Druidical rites. Rock'-butter, s. a subsulphate of alumina which oozes from certain rocks. Rock'-crystal, *. the finest kind of quartz. Rock'doe, s. a species of deer. Roek'er, 3. he who, or that which rocks. Rock'et, s. an artificial firework. Rock'et, s. a plant, eruca. Rock'iness, s. state of being rocky. Rock'ing, s. state of being shaken by alter- nate motions to and fro. Rock'less, a. being without rocks. Rock'-oil, s. petroleum or petrol. Rock'-pigcort, *. a pigeon which builds in, and frequents rocks. Rock'rose, s. a species of rose. Rockru'by, s. a sort of garnet. Rock'salt, s. a mineral salt. Rock'wood, s. ligniform asbestos. Rock'work, s a building imitating rocks. Roek'y, a. full of r0«ks ; hard, stony. Rod, s. a twig; an instrument of correction ; a long slender stick ; the length of 05 yards. Rod'omont. s a vain boaster : a. bragging. Rodomonta'de,^. empty noisy bluster or rant. Rodomonta'de,?/. to brag or boast, to bluster. Rodomonta'dist, 5. one who brags. Roc, *. the roebuck, a. small species of deer ; also, the female of the hart. Roe, s. the eggs or spawn of fishes. Ro'ebuck, ,v. a small species of deer, the ree. Roga'tion, s. litany, supplication. ROG 251 ROT Roga'tion-weck, s. the second week preced- ing Whitsunday. Rogue, s. a vagabond, a knave ; a wag. Rogue, v. to play knavish tricks. Ro'guery, s. knavery ; waggery. Ro'gueship, s. the qualities of a rogue. Ro'guish. a. fraudulent, knavish; waggish. Ro'guishly, ad. knavishly ; waggishly. Ro'guishness, s. the qualities of a rogue. Roist, Rois'ter, v. to bluster, to bully. Rois'ter, s. a turbulent, blustering fellow. Roll, v. to move or turn circularly, to revolve, to run on wheels ; to smoothe with a roller ; to move as waves ; to wrap or infold. Roll, s. the act of rolling; a mass made round; a register, catalogue; the sound of a drum ; a part in a play. Roll'er, s. that which rolls or is rolled; a heavy cylinder for rolling walks ; a ban- dage, a fillet. Roll'ing-pin, s. a round smooth piece of wood for moulding paste. Roll'ing-press, s. a machine consisting of ono cylinder rolling on another. Ro'llv-pooly, s. a kind of game with a ball. Ro'man, a. belonging to Rome, papal. Ro'man, s. a native of Rome. Roman'ce, s. a fable, a fiction, a lie. Roman'ce, v. to forge, to fable. Roman'cer, s. a writer of romances. Ro'manism, s. tenets of the Church of Rome. Ro'man ist, s. a Roman Catholic. llo'manize, v. to Latinize ; to convert to Roman Catholic opinions. Roman'tic, a. wild, fanciful, improbable. Roman'tically, ad. wildly, extravagantly. Roman 't.icness, s. quality of being romantic. Ro'mish, a. belonging to Rome ; papal. Romp, s. a rude boisterous girl ; rude play. Romp, v. to play rudely and noisily. Romp'ing, s. rude or noisy play. Romp'ish, a. inclined to or fond of romping. Romp'ishncss, s. disposition to romping. Ron'deau, s. a name applied to songs which end with the first part or strain repeated. Ron'dure, s. a round, a circle. Ron 'ion, s. a fat bulky woman. Rood, s. the fourth part of an acre. Rood, s. the holy cross. Rood'loft, s. a gallery in the church on which the cross was set to view. Roof, s. the cover of a house ; the inside of the arch that covers a building; the palate or upper part of the mouth. Roof, v. to cover with a roof. Roofing, s. materials for a roof. Roofless, a. wanting a roof, uncovered. Roof y, a. having roofs. Rook, s. the name of one of the pieces at the game of chess. Rook, s. a species of crow; a rapacious fel- low, a cheat : v. to rob, to cheat. Rook'ery, s. a nursery of rooks. Rook'y, a inhabited by rooks, Room, s. space, extent ; place, stead ; an apartment in a house. Room age, s. space, place. Room'ful, a. abounding with room. Room'mess, s. state of being roomy. Room'y, a. spacious, wide, large. Roost, s. a perch on which birds rest. Roost, v. to sleep as a bird. Root, s. that part of the pi ant which is in tho earth and nourishes the parts above ; the lower part, the bottom, the origin, the first cause: v. to take root: to impress deeply; to root out, to destroy. Root'bound, a. fixed to the earth by roots. Root'ed, a. fixed, deep, radical. Root'edly, ad. deeply, strongly. Root'er, * one who tears up by the roots. Root'let, S. the fibrous part of a root. Root'y, a. full of or consisting of roots. Rope, s. a thick hempen cord, a halter, a cable; a row of things united. Rope, v. to use as a rope ; to become ropy. Ro'pe-dancer, s. one who dances on ropes. Ro'pe-ladder, s. a ladder made of ropes. Ro'pe-maker, s. one who makes ropes. Ro'pe-making, s. the art of making ropes. Ro'pcry, s. a place where ropes are made. Ro'pe-walk, s. a place where ropes are mads Ro'pe-yarn, s. yarn for ropes. Ro'piness, s. state of being ropy. Ro'py, a. viscous, glutinous, tenacious. Roquelaure, [Fr.] s. a man's cloak. Ro'ral, Ro'rid, Ro'ry, a. moist with dew. Rosa'ceous, a. composed of several petals disposed after the manner of a rose. Ro'sary, s. a bed of roses, a chaplet; a string of beads on which Roman Catholics count their prayers. Ros'eid, a. abounding with dew. Rose, s. a well-knowto fragrant flower. Ro'seal, a. like a rose in smell or color. Ro'seate, a. rosy, blooming, fragrant. Ro'sebay, s. a plant, the rhododendron. Ro'sc-bud. s. an unblown rose. Ro'se-bush, s. a rose-tree. Ro'seaall, s. an excrescence on the dog-rose. Ro'sc-mallow, s. a large kind of mallow. Ro'semary, s. rose-marine., a plant. Ro'so-quartz, s. a subspecies of quartz. Ro'sc-root. s. a plant of the genus Rhodiola. Ro'set. s. a red color used by painters. Roset'te, s. a riband or other material made up in the form of a rose. Ro'sc-watcr, s. water distilled from roses. Ro'sc-wood, s. a beautiful kind of wood used in ornamental furniture. Rosicru'eian, s. one of a sect who styled themselves brothers of the holy cross : an alchymist; a cheat: a. pertaining to a Rosierucian. Ros'in, Res'in, s. a juice of the pine. Ros'in. v. to rub with rosin. Ro'siness. .v. state or quality of being rosy. Rws'iny, a. resembling rosin. Ros'land, s heathv land. Ros'sol, s. light land. Ros'ter, s. the plan of duty for military Rcs'tral, a. having some resemblance to the beak of a ship or Tostrum. Ros'trated, a. adorned with beaks. Ros'trum, s. the beak of a bird; the beak 0/ a ship ; a stage or pulpit Ro'sv. a. like a rose in bloom, fragrance, &.C. Rot, v. to pHtrcfy ; to make putrid. Rot. x. putrefaction; a distemper in sheep. Rota, s. an ecclesiastical court of Rome. Ro'lary, Ro'tatory, a. whirling as a wheel. ROT RUE Ro'tated, a. wheel-shaped ; whirled round. Rota'tion, s. the act of turning round like a wheel ; regular succession. Rota'tor, s. that which gives to any machine circular or rolling motion. Rote, s. an old instrument played with a wheel, a sort of hurdy-gurdy ; a repetition of words by memory without attending to the meaning ; rotation : v. to fix in the memory by mere repetition. Rot'ten. a. putrid, corrupt, unsound. Rot'tenness, s. state of being rotteD. Rot'ten-stone. 5. a soft stone used in polishing. Rotund', a. round, spherical. Rotun'dity, s. roundness, sphericity. Rotun'do, Rotun'da, s. a round building. Roue', [Fr.] s. a confirmed rake. Rouge, [Fr.]a.red: s. red paint: v. to tinge the face with red. Rough, a. not smooth, rugged ; harsh ; stormy. Rough'-east, s. a rude model ; a kind of plaster mixed with pebbles : v. to mould rudely; to cover with rough-cast. Rough'-draught, s. a sketch, a copy. Rough'-draw, v. to draw or trace rudely. Rough'en, v. to make or grow rough. Rough'-hew, v. to shape rudely or roughly. Rough'-hcwn, a. unpolished, rude. Roughly, ad. rudely, boisterously, harshly. Rough'ness, s. unevenness ; harshness. Rough'-shod, a. having the shoes roughened, applied to horses. Rough'- work, v. to work*coarsely over. Rough 'wrought, a. done coarsely. Rouleau', [Fr.]s. a little roll ; a roll of coins. Rounce, s. the handle of a printing-press. Roun'ceval, s. a kind of pea. Round, a. circular, spherical ; plump, full ; whole, not broken, as a round number, a j round sum. Round, s. a circle, an orb : a rotation, a rev- I olution ; a return to the same point ; the j appointed walk of a guard or officer. Round, ad. on all sides : prep, circularly ! about : v. to make circular or smooth, to I grow round in form. Round'about, a. indirect ; loose, ample : s. I a circular machine on which children ride. ; Round'el, Roun'delay, s. a kind of song. Round'head, s. a Puritan in the time of Cromwell, so called from the practice of cropping their hair round. Round-hcad'ed, a. having a round top. Roundhouse, s. the constable's prison, so called from its former usual shape. Round'ish, a. somewhat round. Round'let, s. a little circle. Round'! y, ad. in a round form ; plainly. Round'ness, s. rotundity, sphericity. Round-rob'in, s. a petition or remonstrance, signed by several persons round a ring or circle, so as to make it impossible to know who signed it first. Rouse, v. to wake from slumber ; to excite to action or thought. Rous'er, s. that which rouses. Rous'ing. a. having power to excite. Rout, s. the confusion of an army defeated and broken up ; a tumultuous multitude ; a crowd ; a large crowded evening pa ty. Rout, v to break up and put to flight. Route, s. a road, way ; march, journey Routi'ne, s. round or course of business » custom, practice. Rove, v. to ramble, to range, to wander. Ro'ver, s. a wanderer, a pirate, a fickle man. Ro'ving,j.the act of rambling or wandering. Row, s. a number of persons or things rauged in a line ; a rank, a rile. Row, 5. a riotous noise; a drunken debauch. Row, v. to impel by oars. Row'el, s. the little wheel of a spur formed with sharp points; a roll of hair or silk put into a wound. Row'el, v. to keep open with a rowel. Row'er, s. one who manages an oar. Row'-lock, 5. that part of a boat's gunwale on which the oars rest. Roy'al, a. kingly, becoming a king, regal. Roy'al, s. the highest sail of a ship ; the name of a large sized paper ; a soldier of the 1st regiment of foot. Roy'alism, s. attachment to royalty. Roy'alist, s. an adherent to a king. Roy'alize, v. to make royal. Roy 'ally, ad. in a kingly manner, regally. Roy'alty, s. the state or dignity of a king. Rub, v. to wipe, to scour, to polish, to cleanse; Rub, s. friction ; hinderance, difficulty. Rub'ber, s. one that rubs ; at whist, twu- games out of three. Rub'bish, s. ruins of buildings ; refuse. Rub'blc, s. rubbish ; small stones. Rub'ble-stone, s. stone worn by water. Rubes'cent, a. of a reddish color. Ru'bicel, *. a variety of ruby. Ru'bicund, a. ruddy, red. Rubicun'dity, *. disposition to redness. Ru'bied, a. of a red or ruby color. Rubif'ic, a. making red. Rubifica'tion, s. the act of making red. Ru'bify, v. to make red. Rubi"ginous, a. rusty ; mildewed. Ru'ble, s. a silver coin of Russia of 2s Id. Ru'bric, a. marked with red : s. direction* printed in prayer-books and books of law. Ru'brical, a. placed in rubrics. Ru'bricate, v. to mark with red. Rub'stonc, s. a stone to scour or sharpen. Ru'by, s. a precious stone of a red color. Ru'by, a. of the color of a ruby. Ructa'tion, ,s breaking wind upwards, a belch. Rud'der, s. the part that steers a ship. Rud'dincss, *. state of being ruddy. Rud'dlc, s. red earth. Rud'dleman, s. one who digs ruddle. Rud'dy, a. of a red color. Rude, a. untaught, barbarous, uncivil \ rough, rugged; harsh. Ru'dely, ad. in a rude manner. Ru'dcness, s. state or quality of being rude. Ru'dimcnt, s. an element or lirst principle ; pi. the first elements of a science; the first part of education. Ru'diment, v. to settle in the rudiments of any science, to ground in. Rudimen lal, a. relating to first principles. Rue, s. sorrow, repentance ; a plant. Rue, v. to grmve for, to regret, to lament. Rue't'ul, a. mournful, woful, sorrowful. Rue'fully, ad. mournfully ; sorrowfully. Ruc'fulness, s. sorrow ; mournfulness. RUF 253 JblUT Ruff, s. a puckered linen ornament formerly ■worn about the neck. Huff, v. to trump at cards. Ruffian, a. brutal, savagely boisterous. Ruffian, s. a brutal fellow, a robber. Ruffian, v. to play the ruffian. Ruffianly, a. like a ruffian, brutal. Ruffle, v. to wrinkle, to draw into plaits ; to put out of order, to discompose : s. linen plaited for an ornament of dress. Ruffler, s a bully ; a boisterous fellow. Ruffling, s. commotion, disturbance. Ru't'ous, a, red, reddish. Rug, s. a coarse, nappy, woollen clcth or coverlet ; a hearth-rug. Rug'ged, a. rough, of uneven surface; harsh. Rug'gedly, ad. in a rugged manner. Rug'gedness, s. roughness; harshness. Ru'gine, s. a surgeon's rasp. Rugose, a. rough, full of wrinkles. Rugos'ity, s. state of being wrinkled. Ru'in, j. fall, overthrow, destruction, cala- mity ; remains of demolished buildings: j v. to demolish, to destroy. Ru'inatc, v. to bring ruin upon. Ru'iner, s. one that ruins. Ru'inous, a. fallen to ruin ; destructive. Ru'inously, ad. with ruin, destructively. Ru'inousness, s. a ruinous state. Rule, .?. government, sway, that by which any thing is regulated ; an instrument for drawing lines; a principle, a maxim : v. to govern, to control ; to mark with lines. Ru'ior, s. one who rules, a governor; an in- strument by which lines arc drawn. Ru'ling, a. having superior influence. Rum, s. a spirit distilled from molasses. Rum, a. odd, queer (a cant term.) Rum'blc, v. to make a low, heavy, continued noise, like distant thunder. Rum'bling, s. a low. heavy, continued noise. Ru'minant, a. chewing the cud. Ru'minant, s. an animal that chews the cud. Ru'minate, v. to chew the cud ; to think on again and again, to muse or meditate on. Rumina'tion, s. the act of chewing the cud; meditation, reflection. Ru'minator, s. one that ruminates. Rum'mage, s. the act of rummaging. Rum'mage, v. to search among many things by tumbling them over. Rum'mer, s. a large glass, a drinking-cup. Ru'mour, *. flying or popular report. Ru'mour, v. to noise or spread abroad. Ru'mourer, s. the spreader of news. Rump, s. the buttock, the end of the back bone ; the fag end of something, which lasts longer than the original body, as the " Rump Parliament." Rum'ple, 5. a rough plait ; a wrinkle. Rum'plc, v. to disorder by rumples. Run, v. to move swiftly, to flee, to go, to pass ; to flow, to melt ; to pierce ; to force forward : s. the act of running ; course, motion, flow; continued success. Run'agate, s. a fugitive, a coward. Run'away, s. one that flies from danger. Run'dle, s. a round ; the step of a ladder. Run'dlet, Run'let, s. a small barrel. Rune, s. a Runic letter or character. Rung, s. a spar, a timber in a ship's floor. Rung. See the verb Ring. Ru'nic, «. denoting the letters and language of the ancient northern nations. Run'ner, s. one who runs ; a shoot. Run'net, Ren'net, s. a liquor used to turn milk into curds. Run'ning, s.ihe act of moving swiftly; a dis- charge from a wound or sore. Run'ning-fight, s. a battle kept up or con- tinued between the pursuer and pursued. Run'ning-rigging, s. the rigging of a ship passing through blocks. Run'ning-title, s. the title of a book conti- nued on the top of every page. Runt, s. a stunted animal ; an old cow. Rupee', s. an Indian coin, value 2s. Ad. Rup'tion, s. the act of breaking; a breach. Rup'ture, s. the act of breaking; the state of being broken ; breach of peace ; hernia. Rup'ture, v. to break, to burst. Ru'ral, a. belonging to the country. Ru'ialist, s. one who leads a country life. Rural'ity, s. the quality of being rural. Ru'rally, ad. as in the country. Ru'ralness, s. the quality of being rural. Ruse, [Fr.] s. artifice, stratagem, trick. Rush, s. a common plant ; any thing prover- bially worthless. Rush, v. to move forward with violence or rapidity ; to enter eagerly. Rush, Rush'ing, s. a violent motion or course. Rush'candle, Rushlight, 5. a tallow candle with the wick made of rush. Rush'er, s. one who rushes forward. Rush'iness, J. state of being full of rushes. Rush'ing, s. any commotion or violent course. Rush'like, a. resembling a rush, weak. Rush'y, Rush'ed, a. abounding with rushes. Rusk, s. a kind of biscuit or hard bread. Russ. See Russian. Rus'set, a. reddishly brown; coarse; rustic. Rus'set, s- a rustic dress; a russeting. Rus'seting, s. a rough kind of apple. Rus'sety, a. of a russet color. Rus'sian, s. an inhabitant of Russia; the Russian language : a. pertaining to Russia. Rust, s. the oxide of metal which gathers on the surface from disuse ; loss of power by inactivity : v. to gather rust ; to impair by time or inactivity. Rus'tic. Rus'tical, a. pertaining to the coun- try, rural; rudo, plain, simple, artless. Rus'tic, s. a clown, a country swain. Rus'tically, ad. in a rustic manner. Rus'ticalness, s. the quality of being rustic. Rus'ticate, v. to dwell in the country ; to banish into the country for a short time. Rustiea'tion, s. residence in the country. Rustfcity, s. rural appearance ; simplicity. Rus'tily. ad. in a rusty state. Rus'tiness, *. the state of being rusty. Rus'tle, v. to make a noise as of the rubbing of silk or dry leaves. Rust'ling, *. the noise of that which rustles Rust'y, a. covered with rust ; impaired. Rut, *. the deep track of a wheel. Rut, s. the copulation of deer. Ruth, .$. sorrow, regret, pity, mercy. Ru'thful, a. rueful, woful, compassionate. Ru'thfully, ad. sadly, wofully. Ru'thless, a. cruel, pitiless, barbarous. RUT 254 SAI Ru'thlessly, ad. without pity, cruelly. Ru'thlessness, s. want of pity, cruelty. Ru'til, Ru'tile, s. an oxyde of titanium. Ru'tilant, a. shining, brilliant. Rut'ter, s. a horseman, a trooper. Rut'tish, a wanton, li))idinous, lustful. Rut'tishness, s. wantonness, libidinousness. Rut'tle, s. the rattle in the throat. Rye, s. a coarse kind of bread corn. Rye'grass, s. a coarse kind of grass. Saba'oth, s. hosts or armies. Sabbata'rian, s. one who observes the sabbath strictly; one who keeps the sabbath on the seventh day of the week, and not on the . first : a. relating to Sabbatarians. Sabbatarianism, s. the tenets of those who keep the seventh day of the week holy, j instead of the first. Sab'bath, s. the day of rest and worship. Sab'bath-breaker, s. a violator of the sabbath, j Sab'bathless, a. unmindful of the sabbath. J Sabbat'ical, a. resembling the sabbath. Sab'batism,,?. rigid observance of the sabbath. Sa'bianism, s. the idolatrous worship of the sun, moon, and stars. Sab'ine, s. a plant, savin. Sa'ble, s. a sin all animal of the weasel kind; the fur of the sable : a. black, dark. Sabo't, [Fr.] s. a sort of wooden shoe. Sa'bre, s. a convex short sword. Sa'bre, v. to cut or wound with a sabre. Sabulos'ity, s. sandiness, grittiness. Sab'ulous, a. sandy, gravelly, gritty. Saccharif'erous, a. producing sugar. Sac'charine, a. having the qualities of sugar. Sacerdo'tal, a. belonging to the priesthood. Sa'chem, s. the chief of an Indian tribe. Sack, s. a large bag: v. to put into a sack. Sack, v. to take by storm, to pillage, to plunder : s. pillage, plunder. Sack, s, Canary wine or sherry. Sack'age, s. the act of sacking a town. Sack'but, s. a kind of trumpet. Sack'cloth, 5. a kind of coarse cloth. Sack'ful, s. as much as a sack can hold. Sacking, s. cloth of which sacks are made. Sack-pos'set, s. a posset made of milk, sack, and some other ingredients. Sac'rament, s. a sacred ceremony imposing an obligation ; an oath ; the Eucharist or the Lord's Supper. Sacramen'tal, a. constituting or pertaining to a sacrament. Sacramen'tal ly, ad. as a sacrament. Sacramenta'rian, s. one who differs from Ro- man Catholics regarding the sacraments, applied reproachfully to Protestants. Sacramen'tary, s. a book of prayers and di- rections respecting the sacraments. Sa'cred, a. holy, consecrated, inviolable. Sa'credly, ad. religiously, inviolably. Sa'erodness, s. holiness, sanctity. Sacrif'ic, Sacrif'ical, a. used in sacrifice. Sacrif'ieable, a. capable of sacrifice. Sacrif'icant, s. one who offers a sacrifice. Sacrif 'icatory, a. offering sacrifice. Sacrifice, v. to offer to God ; to immolate, to devote ; to give up for something else. 1 Sac'rifice, s. an offering made to God ; any thing destroyed or given up for something else, deemed of less value. Sac'rificer, s. one who offers sacrifice. SacrifY'cial, a. pertaining to sacrifice. Sac'rilege, s. the robbery of a church. Sacrile'gious, a. violating things sacred. Sacrile'giously, ad. with sacrilege. Sacrile'giousness. s. the crime of sacrilege. Sac'rilegist, s. one who commits sacrilege. Sac'ristan, Sa'crist, s. the person who has charge of the things used in sacred offices ; a sexton. Sac'risty, s. the vestry of a church. Sac'ro-sanct, a. sacred, inviolable. Sad, a. sorrowful, melancholy, gloomy ; grave, heavy ; bad, worthless. Sad'den, v. to make sad or gloomy. Sad'dle, s. a seat to put on a horse's back. Sad'dle, v. to put on a saddle. Sad'dlebacked, a. having a hollow back. Sad'dlebow, s. part of a saddle. Sad'dler, s. one who makes saddles. Sad'ducees, s. pL a sect among the Jews. Sad'ducism, s. the tenets of the Sadducees. Sad'ly, ad. sorrowfully, miserably. Sad'ness, s. mournfulness, melancholy. Safe, a. free from danger. Safe, s. a place for keeping any thing safely. Safe-con'duct, *. a convoy, passport, guard. Sa'feguard, s. a defence, convoy, passport. Sa'fely, ad. without danger, without hurt. Sa'fety, s. freedom from danger ; custody. Sa'fety-valve, *. the valve of a steam-ei.gine, which lets the superfluous steam escape, and prevents bursting. Saffron, .?. a yellow plant : a. yellow. Sag, v. to hang heavy ; to load, to burden. Saga'ciou.s, a. quick of scent or thought. Saga'cioush', ad. with penetration. Saga'ciousness, s. quickness of discernment. Saga"city, s. quickness of scent ; acutenesa of discernment ; penetration. Sag'amore, s. an Indian chief. Sage, s. a garden plant. Sage, a. wise, grave, prudent. Sage, s. a man of wisdom and gravity, Sa'gely, ad. wisely, prudently. Sa'geness, s. wisdom, gravity, prudence. Sa"gittal, a. like or pertaining to an arrow. Sagitta'rius, s. an archer ; one of the signs of the zodiac. Sa"gittary, a. pertaining to an arrow : s. an archer ; a centaur. Sa'go, s. a mealy or granulated substance, the produce of a species of palm. Sa'ic, s. a kind of Turkish vessel. Said. See the verb Say. Sail, s. the sheet or one of the sheets by which the wind impels a ship ; a ship or vessel : v. to move by means of sails; to be carried along smoothly. Sail'-borne, a. conveyed by sails. Sail'er, s. he who or that which sails. Sail'ing, s. the act of sailing. Sail'-loft, *. a place for making sails. Sail'-maker, s. one who makes sails. Sail'-making, s. the art of making sails. Sail'or, s. a seaman, one used to the sea. Sail'yard, s. a pole to extend a sail with. Sain'foin, Saint'foin, s. a sort of herb, trefoil. SAI SAN Paint, s. a person eminent for sanctity ; one of the blessed in heaven : v. to canonize. Saint'ed, a. holy, pious, canonized. Saint' ess, s. a female saint. Saint'ly, Saint'like. a. holy, devout. Saint'ship, s. the character of a saint. Sake, s. final cause, end. purpose, account. Sa'ker, s. a hawk ; a kind of cannon. Sala'eious, a. lustful, lecherous, wanton. Sala'eiously, ad. lustfully, lecherously. Sala'cionsness, Sala"city, s. lust, lechery. Sal'ad, jr. food of raw herbs, generally dressed with salt, oil, and vinegar. Sal'ading, s. vegetables for salad. Salam', s. an eastern salutation. Sal'amander, s. an animal like a lizard, fabled to live in fire. Salaman'drine,' a, like a salamander. Sal'aried, a. enjoying a salary. Sai'ary, s. annual or periodical payment. Sale, s. the act of selling ; state of being to be sold; market; auction. Sa'leable, a. fit for sale, marketable. Sa'leableness, s. the state of being saleable. Salebros'ity, 5. ruggedness of a path. Sal'ebrous, a. rough, uneven, rugged. Sa'lesman, s. one who is employed in selling. Sa'lework, 5. work for sale ; careless work. Sal'ic. See Saiique. Sa'lient, a. leaping, springing. Sa'lient, s. in fortification, a projection. Sal'ify, v . to form into a neutral salt. Sal'igot, s. a plant, the water-thistle. Salination, s. a washing with salt liquor. Sali'ne, a. partaking of the qualities of salt. Sali'neness, s. state of being saline. Sali'no-terrene, a. of salt and earth. Sallque-law, s. a French law which excludes females from the throne. Sali'va, s. the Latin for spittle. Sali'val, Sal'ivary, a. relating to spittle. Sal'ivate, v.\,o purge by the saliva] glands. Salivation, s. the act of salivating. Sali'vous, a. having the nature of spittle. Sal'low, s. a kind of willow : a. of the color of the sallow ; yellow, as from illness. Sal'lowness, s. sickly paleness. Sal'iy, v. to issue out suddenly. Sal'ly, s. a sudden eruption, as from a place besieged ; an excursion ; a flight of fancy or humour. Sal'lyport, s. a port to make sallies from. Salnirjgun'di, s. a mixture of chopped meat, pickled herrings, oil, onions, vinegar, &c. Sainton, s. a well-known fish. Salmon-trout'-,*, a trout of the salmon kind. Saloon', s. a grand hall or state room. Salt, s. a substance used for seasoning, and for preserving from corruption ; wit, taste: a. having the taste of salt ; impregnated or abounding with salt: v. to season or im- pregnate with salt. Sal'tant, a. leaping, jumping, dancing. Salta'tion, *. the act of leaping. Sail/cellar, s. a sort of cup to hold salt. Salt'er, s. one who salts or sells salt. Salt'ern, s. a place where salt is made. Salting, s. the impregnating with salt. Salt'ish, a. somewhat salt, brinish. Salt'less, n. ii"t tasting of salt, insipid. Salt'ly, ad. with the flavour of salt. Salt'-mino, s. a rr\ine where salt is obtained* Salt'ness, s. the state ot being salt. Salt' -pan, Salt'-pit, Salt'-work, s. a saltern, a place where salt is made. Saltpe'tre, s. a mineral salt, nitre. Salu'brious, a. healthful, wholesome. Salu'briously, ad. so as to promote health. Salu'bfity, s. healthfulness, wholesomeness. Sal'utariness. s. wholesomeness. Sal'utary, a. healthful, Wholesome, safe. Saluta'tion, s. the act of saluting or wishing health ; a greeting. Salu'tatory, a. wishing health, greeting : f. A place of greeting. Salu'te, v. to greet, to hail, to kiss. Salu'tc, s. a salutation, a greeting ; a kiss. Salu'ter, s. he who salutes another. Salutif crous, a. bringing health, healthy. Salvabil'ity, s. state of being salvable. Sal'vable, a. that may be saved or kept safe. Sal'vage, s. a reward allowed for saving goods out of a wreck. Salva'tion, s. the act of saving ; the state of being saved ; preservation from eternal death and admission into heaven. Sal'vatory, s. a place for keeping things safe. Salve, s. an ointment for wounds or sores: V. to apply salve, to cure. Sal'ver, s. a kind of tray. Sal'vo, s. an exception, a reservation. Samaritans, s. a sect among the Jews. Sam'bo, s. a child of a black person or negro and a mulatto. Same, a. identical, of the like kind. Sa'meness, *. identity, not different. Sam'phire, s. a plant used in pickling. Sam'ple, s. a specimen ; part of a whole. Sam'pler, s. a specimen or piece of needle- work, particularly a school girl's. San'ablc, a. that may be cured. Sanation, s. the act of curing. San'ative, a. having a healing quality. San'ativeness, s. the being sanative. Sanc'tificate, v. to sanctify. Sanctifica'tion, s. the act of making holy. Sanc'tifier, s. that which sanctifies. Sanc'tify, v. to make holy. Sanctimo'nious, a. saintly; appearing holy. Sanctimo'niously, ad. with sanctimony. Sanctimoniousness, s. the state or quality of being sanctimonious. Sanc'timony, J. holiness, saintly appearance. Sanction, s. ratification, authority. Sanction, v, to give a sanction to. Sanc'titudo, Sanctity, s. holiness. Sanetuarize, v. to shelter by means of sacred privileges. Sanc'tuary, J. a holy place ; an asylum. Sand, s. fine or powdered gravel. Sand, v. to sprinkle with sand. San'dal, s. a sort of slipper or loose shoe. San'dal-wood, San'dcrs, a - , a kind of aromatic! wood growing in the East Indies. San'daraeli, s. a mineral ; a gum. Sand'bag, .1. a bag filled with sand. Sand'-bath, s. a bath made by warm sand. Saud'blind, a. having a defect in the sight from small particles appearing to float before the eyes. Sand'-box, s. a box containing sand or pounce; also, a kind of tree. SAH 2b6 SAT Sand'eei, 5. a kind of eel commonly found under the sea-saDd. Sanderiing, s. a bird frequenting the sands. San'ders. See Sandal-wood. San'dever, s. the superfluous salt or scum cast up in making glass. Sand'-flood, j. a vast mass of moving sand, as in African or Arabian deserts. Sand'-heat, s. the heat of warm sand. Sandlness, s. state of being sandy. San'dix, s. a kind of red lead. Sand'piper, s. a bird of the genus Tringa. Sand'stone, s. a stone easily crumbled. Sand'wich, s. two slices of bread and butter with a slice of cold meat between. Sand'wort, s. the name of a plant. Sand'y, a. consisting of sand; like sand. Sane, a. sound in mind ; healthy. Sang-froid, [Fr.] s. cold blood, coolness. Sanguiferous, a. conveying blood. Sanguification, s. production of blood ; con- version of the chyle into blood. San'guifier, s. a producer of blood. San'guify, v. to produce blood. San'guinariness, s. the being sanguinary. San'guinary, a. bloody, blood-thirsty, cruel. San'guine, a. having the color of blood ; abounding with blood; cheerful; warm, ardent ; confident : J. blood color ; the blood stone : v. to ensanguine, to stain with blood. San'guinely, ad. ardently; confidently. San'guinencss, s. the being sanguine. Sanguin'eous, a. full of blood. Sanguin'ity, s. sanguinene.ss. San'hedrim, s. the chief council among the Jews, consisting of seventy elders. Sa'nies, s. a thin serous matter, ichor. Sa'nious, a. discharging thin matter. San'itary, a. tending to promote health. San'ity, s. soundness of mind. San'scrit, s. the learned language of the Bra- mins ; the ancient language of India. San'ton, .?. a Turkish saint or dervis. Sap, s. the vital juice of plants. Sap, v. to undermine, to subvert. Sap, s. a trench for undermining. Sap'id, a. tasteful, palatable, savoury. Sapid'ity, Sap'idness, s. state of being sapid ; power of stimulating the palate. Sa'pience, s. wisdom, sageness, knowledge. Sa'pient, a. wise, sage, prudent. Sapien'tial, a. affording lessons of wisdom. Sap'less, a. wanting sap, dry, old. Sap'ling, s. a young tree full of sap. Sapona'ceous, a. soapy, like soap. Saponify, v. to convert into soap. Sa'por, s. taste, savour, relish. Saporif 'ic, a. giving flavour or taste. Sap'orous, a. savoury. Sap'per, s. one who saps ; a kind of miner. Sapph'ic, a. applied to a kind of verse, sup- posed to be invented by Sappho. Sapphire, s. a precious blue stone. Sapph'irine, a. made of or like sapphire. Sap'piness, s. juiciness, succulence. Sap'py, a. juicy, succulent. Sar'aband, s. a Spanish dance. Saracenic, Saracen'ical, a. pertaining or be- Jonging to the Saracens. Sar'casm, s. a biting expression, a taunt. Sarcas'tic, Sarcas'tical, a. keen, taunting. Sarcastically, ad. tauntingly, severely. Sar'cenet, s. fine thin woven silk. Sarcol'ogy, s. that part of anatomy which treats of the fleshy parts of the body. Sarco'ma, s. a fleshy excrescence. Sarcoph'agous, a. eating or feeding on flesh. Sarcoph'agus, s. a tomb or stone coffin. Sarcot'ic, a. producing new flesh ; incarnative : s. an incarnative or medicine for promoting the growth of flesh. Sar'dachate, s. the clouded and spotted agate. Sar'dan, s. a fish resembling the herring. Sarde, Sar'doin, s. a kind of mineral. Sar'din, s. the gold fish of Brazil. Sardonic, Sardo'nian, a. forced, feigned. Sar'donyx, s. a precious stone. Sark, s. a shirt or shift. Sarma'tian, a. pertaining to Sarmatia. Sarmen'tous, a. full of twigs. Sar'plier, s. a packing-cloth. Sarsaparil'la, s. the name of a plant of great efficacy as a sudorific. Sarse, s. a fine sort of lawn sieve. Sart, s. woodland turned into arable. Sash, s. a silk belt: v. to dress with a sash. Sash, s. the frame of a window ; a window that lets up and down by pulleys. Sas'safras, s. a species of the corneil cherry, the wood of which is medicinal. Sa'tan, s. a name of the devil. Satan'ic, Satanlcal, a. devilish, infernal. Satanlcally, ad. with diabolical malice. Sa'tanism, s. a diabolical spirit. Sat'chel, s. a small bag used by schoolboys. Sate, v . to satiate ; to pall. Sa'telcss, a. insatiable. Satellite, s. a small or secondary planet re- volving round a larger, as the moon round the earth; a follower. Satelli'lious, a. consisting of satellites. Sa'tiate, a. glutted, full of satiety. Sa'tiate, v. to satisfy; to sate, to glut- Sati'ety, s. the state of being filled, fulness. Satin, s. a glossy close silk. Satinet', s. a thin kind of satin. Sat'in-flower, s. the name of a plant. Satin-spar, s. a mineral fibrous limestone. Satire, s. a poem censuring vice or folly ; severity of remark. Satiric, Satirical, a. belonging to satire ; censorious ; severe in language. Satir'ically, ad. with invective or censure. Satirist, s. one who writes satires. Satirize, v. to censure as in a satire. Satisfac'tion, s. the act of satisfying ; the state of being satisfied ; gratification ; amends ; payment. Satisfac'tive, a. giving satisfaction. Satisfactorily, ad. so as to satisfy. Satisfac'toriness, s. power of satisfying. Satisfactory, a. giving satisfaction. Satlsfier, s. one who makes satisfaction. Satisfy, v. to content, to please fully ; te convince ; to pay to content. Sa'tive, a. sown in gardens. Sat'rap, s. a viceroy in ancient Persia. Sat'rapal, s. pertaining to a satrap. Sat'rapy, s. the office or dignity of a satrap Sat'urable, a. that may be saturated. Sat'urant, a. impregnating to the full. SAT 257 SCA Sat'urate, v. to impregnate till no more can be received or imbibed. Saturation, s. the act of saturating. Sat'uvday, s. the last day of the week. Satu'rity, s. fulness, repletion. Sat'urn, s. a heathen deity ; a planet. Saturna'lian, a. free from restraint, loose, li- centious, as at the feasts of Saturn. Satur'nian, a. happy, as in Saturn's reign. Sat'urnine, a. gloomy, grave. Sat'urnist, s. one of a gloomy disposition. Sat'yr, s. a sylvan god ; a lustful man. Satyriasis, s. immoderate lust. Satyr'ion, s. a provocative plant. Sauce, s. that which stimulates or provokes ; something eaten with food to improve the relish ; pertness, petulance, insolence. Sau'cebox, s. an impertinent fellow. Sau'cepan, s. a pan to make sauce in. Sau'cer, s. a small plate for a teacup ; a little platter on which sauce was served. Sau'cily, ad. impudently, petulantly. Sau'ciness, s- impudence, petulance. Sau'cisse, Sau'cisson, [Fr.] s. a long bag filled with powder used in firing mines. Sau'cy, a. pert, petulant, insolent. Saun'ter, v. to wander about idly, to loiter. Saun'terer, s. a rambler, an idler. Sau'sage, s. a roll of seasoned minced meat stuffed into a skin. Sa'vable, a. capable of being saved. Sa'vableness, s. capability of being saved. Sav'age, a. wild, uncivilized, cruel. Sav'age, s. a barbarian ; a cruel person. Sav'agely, ad. barbarously, cruelly. Sav'ageness, s. barbarity, cruelty. Savan'na, s. an open plain or meadow. Sa'ver, s. one who saves or preserves ; one who lays up money. Save, v. to preserve from danger ; to preserve from eternal death ; to keep frugally : prep, except. Sa'veall, s. a pan to save candle-ends on. Sav'ni, s. a plant ; a species of juniper. Sa'ving, a. frugal, parsimonious : s. any thing saved : prep, excepting. Sa'vingly, ad. frugally, with parsimony. Sa'vingness, s. frugality, parsimony. Sa'vings-bank, s. a bank or deposit for the earnings of the poor. Sa'viour, s. he who saves ; the Redeemer. Sa'vory, s. the name of a plant. Sa'vour, s. a taste, an odour : v. to have a particular taste or smell ; to like. Sa'vourily, ad. with a pleasing relish. Sa'vouriness, s. quality of being savoury. Sa'vourless, a. wanting savour. Sa'voury, a- pleasing to the smell or taste. Savoy', s. a sort of colewort. Saw, s. a saying,, a proverb. Saw, s. an instrument with teeth for cutting boards or timber. Saw, v. to cut with a saw. Saw'dust, s. a dust arising from sawing. Saw'er, s. one that saws. Saw'fish. .y. a fish with a serrated horn. Saw '-fly, s. a fly with a serrated sting. Saw'pit, s. a pit where wood is sawed. Saw-wrest, s. the tool with which the teeth of a saw are set. Saw'yer, s. one who saws timber. Sax'atile, a. growing among rocks. Sax'ifrage, s. a plant used in medicine. Saxifragous, a. dissolvent of stone. Sax'on,*. an ancient inhabitant of the north- ern part of Germany : a. belonging to the Saxon nation or language. Sax'onism,*. an idiom of the Saxon language. Say, s. a thin sort of silk ; also, a kind of woollen stuff. Say, s. a speech, what one has to say. Say, v. to speak, to utter, to allege, to tell. Say'ing, s. an expression, a proverb. Scab, s. an incrustation over a sore ; the mange, the itch ; a dirty low fellow. Scab'bard, s. the sheath of a sword. I Scab'bed, a. covered with scabs ; vile. j Scab'bedness, s. the state of being scabbed. Scab'biness, s. the quality of being scabby. j Scab'by, a. diseased with scabs. Sca'bious, a. itchy, leprous. Sca'bious, s. the name of a plant. Scabred'ity, Sca'brousness, s. rugj j Sca'brous, a. rough, rugged, harsh. ! Scab'wort, s. the name of a plant. | Scad, s. a kind of fish, the shad. i Scaffold, s. a temporary stage or platform erected for the execution of criminals, -ot for builders to stand on while at work. Scaffold, v. to furnish with a scaffold. Scat" ' foldage, s. scaffolding. Scaffolding, s. a support for workmen. Scaglio'la, [It.] 5. a plaster like marble. Sca'lable, a. that may be scaled. Scala'de, Scala'do, s. the storming of a place by raising ladders against the walls. Sca'lary, a. like the steps of a ladder. Scald, s. a Scandinavian poet. Scald, v. to burn with hot liquor. Scald, s. a burn by hot liquor. Scald, s. scurf on the head. Scald'-head, s. a scabby or scurfy head. Scald'ic, a. relating to the Scalds. Scald'ing-hot, a. so hot as to scald the skin. Scale, s. the dish of a balance, a balance ; part of the covering of some fishes; a thin layer; scurf: v. to scrape off scales ; to peel off in thin particles. Scale, s. a ladder ; regular gradation like a ladder ; an instrument for measuring dis- tances and proportions ; the gamut : v. to mount by means of ladders. ; Sca'led, a. having scales like a fish. Sca'leless, a. having no scales. i Scale'ne, a. applied to a triangle whose sides are unequal to each other. Sca'liness, *. the state of being scaly. | Sca'ling-ladder, s. a ladder for scaling walls. I Seal), s. scab, leprosy. I Scal'lion, *. a kind of onion. i Scal'lop, s. a shellfish ; a curve or round at I the edge of any thing : v. to mark the edge with curves. Seal'loped, a. having the edge rounded. Scalp, s. the skin on the top of the head ; sometimes the skull itself: v. to deprive of the scalp. Scal'pel, s. a surgical instrument. , Scalp'ing-knifc, s. a knife used by Indians in taking off the scalps of their prisoners. Sca'ly, a. covered with scales. i Scam'ble, v . to scramble, to shift awkwardly. SCA 258 SCH Scam'bler, s. a bold intruder upon one. Seam'blingly, ad. with intrusive boldness. Scammo'niate, a. made with scammony. Scam'mony, s. a kind of guni-resm. Scamp, s. a rake, a roue. Scam per, v. to run with fear and speed. Scan, v. to examine verse by counting tlie feet ; to examine minutely. Scan'dal, s. offence given by a fault; re- proachful aspersion ; defamation; infamy; v. to give scandal ; to defame. Scan'dalize, v. to offend by committing some criminal act ; to defame. Scan'dalous, a. giving offence ; shameful. Scan'dalously, ad. shamefully. Scan 'dalousu ess, s. the being scandalous. Scan'dalum Magna'tum, [Lat.] scandal or wrong done to any high personage. Scan'dent, a. climbing, creeping. Scan'ning, s. the counting of feet in a verse. Scan'sion, s. the act of scanning. Scant, v. to limit, to straiten. Scan'tily, ad. sparingly ; narrowly. Scan'tiness, s. the state of being scanty. Scar/tie, v. to divide into thin pieces. Scaut'let, s. a small pattern ; a small piece. Scant'ling, a. not plentiful, small : s. a small quantity; a certain proportion; a pattern. Scant'ly, ad. scarcely, sparingly. Scant'ness. See Scantiness. Scan'ty, a. narrow, small, niggardly. Scape, v. to escape : s. a flight, escape. Sca'pe-goat, s. the goat set at liberty by the Jews on the day of solemn expiation. Sca'pegrace, s. an idle worthless fellow. Sca'pement. See Escapement. Scap'ula, [Lat.] s. the shoulder-blade. Scap'ular, Scap'ulary, a. pertaining to the shoulder: s. that which is worn on the shoulders, as by friars. Scar, s. the mark of a wound ; a cicatrix. Scar, v. to mark as with a sore or wound. Scar'ab, Sear'abee, s. a beetle. Scar'amouch. *. a buffoon in motley dress. Scarce, a. not plentiful, rare, uncommon. Sca'rcely, Scarce, ad. hardly, scant] y. Sca'rceness, s. the state of being scarce. Sca'rcity, s. scarceness. Scare, v. to frighten, to terrify suddenly. Sca'reerow, s. an image set to frighten birds. Scarf, s. a loose covering for the shoulders. Scarf, v. to throw loosely on. Scarf'skin, s. the outer skin of the body. Scarifica'tion, s. the act of scarifying. Scar'ifier, s. one who scarifies. Scar'ify, v. to lance or cut the skin. Sca'rious, a. in botany, tough, thin, and se- mi-transparent. Scarlati'na, s. a mild attack of scarlet fever. Scar'let, s. a deep red color ; red cloth. Scar'let, a. of the color of scarlet. Scarlet-bean', Scarlet-run'ner, s. a plant. Scarlet-fe'ver, s. a disease in which the body is covered with a red color. Scar'let-oak, *. the ilex. Scarp. *. in fortification, a slope. Scate. See Skate. Scat'ebrous, a. abounding with springs. Scath. s. harm, damage, injury. Scath, v. to harm, to damage, to destroy. Scath'ful, a. hurtful, destructive. Scath 'less, a. free from harm or damage Scat'ter, v. to throw loosely about, to dis- perse ; to spread thinly. Scat'teredly, ad. dispersedly, loosely. Scattering, 5. the act cf dispersing. Scat'teringly, ad. loosely, dispersedly. Scat'terling, s. a vagabond, a wanderer. Scatu'rient, a. springing as a fountain. Scav'enger, s. a cleaner of the streets. Scel'erat, s. a villain, a wicked wretch. Scene, s. part of a play ; the curtain or hang- ing adapted to a play ; any series of actions or objects exhibited ; a view or prospect. Sce'nery, s. imagery, representation. Scen'ic, a. dramatic, theatrical. Scenograph'ical, a. drawn in perspective. Scenograph'ically, ad. in perspective. Scenog'raphy, ?. the art of perspective. Scent, s. smell, odour : chase by smell. Scent, v. to smell, to pernnne. Scent'ful, a. odorous, yielding much smell. Scent'less, a. inodorous, having no smell. Scep'tic, s. one who doubts, particularly on« who doubts the truths of revelation. Scep'tical, a. doubting every thing. Sceptically, ad. in a doubting manner. Scep'ticism, s. universal doubt ; infidelity. Scep'tieize, v. to act the sceptic. Scep'tre, s. the ensign of royalty, a staff or baton borne in the hand by kings. Scep'tred, a. bearing a sceptre. Sched'ule, s. a small scroll, an inventory. Sche'matist, s. a former of schemes or projects. Scheme, s. a plan, a project, a design. Scheme, v. to contrive, to plan, to design. Sche'mer, Sche'mist, s. one who form* schemes or projects. Sche'ming, a. given to form schemes; artful. Sche'sis, *. habitude ; general strife of thing*. Schism, * a division in the church. Schismat'ic, s. one guilty of schism. Schismat'ic, Schismat'ical, a. practising schism ; tending to schism. Schismat'ically, ad. in a schismatical manner. Schis'matize, v. to take part in schisms. Schol'ar, s. one who learns ; a man of letters. Schol'arlike, a. becoming a scholar. Scholarship, s. learning; a knowledge of literature ; an exhibition or maintenance for a scholar. Seholas'tic, a. pertainingtoa school or scholar ; pertaining to the schools of the middls ages : pedantic : sophistic. Scholas'tic. s. one who adheres to the niceties or methods of the school. Scholas'tically, ad. according to the schools. Scholasticism, s. the niceties of the schools. Scho'liast, s. one who makes notes upon an author, a commentator. Scho'liaze, v. to write explanatory notes. Scho'lium, Sco'lion. s. an explanatory note. School, s.aplace of discipline and instruction. School, v. to instruct, to train, to teach. School'boy, s. a boy who attends school. School'fellow, s. a fellow student. School'-house, s. a house for instruction. Schooling, a - , instruction ; reprimand. School'man, s. a scholastic divine. School'master, s. he who teaches in a school. Sehool'mistress, s. she who ke;ps a school. Schoon'er, s. a vessel with two masts. SCI 259 SCR Seiag'raphy, 5. the drawing of shadows; the art of sketching ; the profile or section of a building ; the art of finding the hour by the shadows of objects. Sciat.hcr'ic, a. belonging to a sun-dial. Sciat'ie, Sciat'ica, $. the hip-gout. Sciat'ical, a. troubled with the hip-gout. Sci'ence, s. knowledge, a branch of know- ledge ; a collection or system of the gene- ral principles or leading truths relating to any subject ; art attained by precepts or founded on principles. The seven liberal sciences of the ancients were grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, music, geometry, and' astronomy. Scien'tial, a. of or pertaining to science. Scientific, a relating to science ; proceeding by, or founded on the methods of science. Scientifically, ad in a scientific manner. Scim'itir, s. a short sword with a curved blade, such as is used by the Turks. Scin'tillant, a. emitting sparks, sparkling. Scin'tillate, v. to sparkle, to emit sparks. Scintilla'tion, s. the act of sparkling. Sci'olism, s. superficial knowledge. Sci'olist, s. one of superficial knowledge. Sci'olous, a. knowing superficially. Sciom'achy, s. a battle with a shadow. Sci'on, .?. a smal 1 twig or shoot ; a graft. Scirrhos'ity, s. an induration of the glands. Scir'rhous, a. having a gland indurated. Scir'rhus, s. an indurated gland. Scis'sible, Scis'sile, a. that may be cut. Scis'sion, s. the act of cutting. Scis'sors. s. a small pair of shears. Scis'sure, s. a crack, a rent, a fissure. Sclavo'nian, Sclavonic, a. relating to the Sclavi or their language. Sclerot'ic, a. hard, applied to the outer coat of the eye : s. an application in medicine for hardening and consolidating. Scoff, s. ridicule, mockery, scorn. Scoff, v. to deride or mock, to ridicule. Scoffer, s. one who scoffs. Sooffingly, ad. in mockery, in derision. Scold, v. to chide rudely, to rail. Sool.l. s. a clamorous foul-mouthed woman. Sco'lder. s. one who scolds or rails. Scn'iding, s. clamorous rude language. Seo'ldin^ly, ad. with clamour; like a scold. Scol'lop. See Scallop. Scolopen'dra, s. a serpent ; an earwig; also, the name of a herb. Sconce, s. a small fort, a bulwark : a hanging or projecting candlestick ; the head, in contempt. Sconce, v. to mulct, to fine. Scoop, s. a large ladle ; a sweeping stroke. Scoop, v. to lade out : to cut hollow. Scoop'er, s. that which, or one who scoops. Scope, s. aim, drift, intention; space, room, liberty. Seop'pot. v. to lade out, to empty by lading. Scop'tic, Scop'tical, a. scoffing Seop'ulous, a. full of rocks, rocky. Scorbu'tic, Scorbu'tical, a. pertaining to scurvy ; diseased with the scurvy. Soorbu'tically, ad. with tendency to scurvy. Scorch, v. to burn on the surface, to burn slightly ; to be parched or dried up. Scoi'dium, s. a plant, the water germander. Score, s. a long incision, a notch, a line drawn ; an account kept by notches or scores; sake, motive; the number twenty: v. to cut, to mark ; to set down as a debt. Sco'ria, [Lat.] s. dross, recrement. Scoria'ceous, a. consisting of scoria, drossy. Scorifica'tion, *. the act of scorifying Sco'rify, v. to reduce to dross. Sco'rious, a. drossy, worthless. Scorn, s. extreme contempt, disdain. Scorn, v. to disdain, to despise, to siight. Scorn'er, s. one who scorns, a scoffer. Soorn'ful.tf. contemptuous, disdainful. Scorn'fully, ad. contemptuously. Scorn'fulness, s. the being scornful. Scorn'ing, s. act of contempt or disdain. Scor'pion, s. a reptile with a very venomous sting ; one of the signs of the zodiac. Scor'pion fly, s. a stinging insect. Scor'pion-grass, Scor'pion's-taii, s. a plant. Scot, s. a tax, a share, a reckoning. Scot, 5. a native of Scotland. Scotch, s. a slight cut or incision. Scotch, v. to cut slightly. Scotch, Scot'tish, a. relating to Scotland. Scotch-col'lops, s. veal cut in small pieces. Scot'free, a. excused from paying his scot. Scot'ograph, s. an instrument to enable blind persons to write. Scot'omy, s. a swimming in the head. Scot'ticism, s. a Scottish idiom. Scoun'drol, s. a mean rascal, a low villain. Scoun'drel, a. rascally, base. Scoun'drelism, s. rascality, baseness. Scour, v. to rub hard with something rough in order to cleanse ; to purge violently ; .» pass swiftly over, to scamper. Scour'er, s one who or that which scours. Scourge, s. a whip, a lash ; punishment. Scourge, v. to whip severely, to punish greatly. Scour'ger, s. a punisher or chastiser. Scour'ging, s. punishment by the scourge. Scour'ing, s. the act of rubbing with some- thing rough ; a looseness or flux. Scout, s. one who is sent out privily to observe the motions of an enemy. Scout, v. to act. as a scout Scout, v. to reject with contempt. Sc owl, s. a look of anger or sullenness. Scowl, v. to look angry or sullen, to frown on. Scowl'iiigly, ad. with a frowning look. Scrab'ble, v. to make scribbled marks. Scrag, s. any thing lean or thin : the neck. Scrag'ged, a. lean, meagre; rugged, rough. Serag'geduess. Scrag giness, s. leanness; un- evennesa, roughness, ruggedness. Scrag'gily, ad. meagorly, hanly. Serag'gy, a. lean, meagre : rough, rugged. Scram'ble, v. to catch at or contend for eagerly ; to climb with the hands. Scram'ble. s. eager contest for any thing. Scram'bler, one that scrambles. Scrap, *. a small piece, a fragment, a bit. Scrape, v. to rub off the surface with any thing sharp or hard ; to clean by scraping ; to make a harsh grating noise ; to gather by penurious savings : s. the noise made by scraping : a difficulty, a perplexity ; an awkward bow. ScT.i'per, s. an instrument for i:er»ping ; a "ile fiddler ; a miser. SCR 260 SEA Scra'ping. s. that which is scraped off. Scratch, v. to tear with the nails or any thing sharp : to wound slightly ; to write vilely : s. a slight laceration or wound. Scratch'er, s. one that scratches. Scratch'es. 5. a disease in horses' hoofs. Seraw, s. the surface or scurf. Scrawl, s. unskilful and inelegant writing. Scrawl, v. to draw or write badly. Sciawl'er, s. a clumsy and inelegant writer. Scray, s. a bird, the sea-swallow. Screak, v. to shriek, to creak. Screak, s. a creaking, a screech. Scream, s. a shrill, quick, loud cry. Scream, v. to cry out as in terror or agony ; to cry out shrilly and loudly. Scream'er, s. one that screams ; a bird. Screech, s. a cry of horror and anguish. Screech, v. to shriek ; to cry as an owl. Screech'owl, s. an owl that hoots by night. Screen, s. any thing that affords shelter or concealment ; a riddle to sift sand. Screen,?;, to shelter, to conceal; to sift sand. Screw, s. one of the mechanical powers. Screw, v. to turn or more by a screw ; to fasten with a screw ; to twist, to contort ; to force, to squeeze ; to oppress by extortion. Screw'er, s. one who. or that which screws. Seriba'tious, a. skilful in, or fond of writing. Scrib'ble, 5. careless or hasty writing. Scrib'ble, v. to till with worthless writing; to write negligently and inelegantly. Scrib'bler, s. a petty author, a bad writer. Scribe, 5. a writer ; a public notary ; a doctor of the law among the Jews. Scrip, *. a small writing ; a schedule ; a cer- tificate of stock subscribed. Scrip, s. a small bag. Script, s. a printing type like writing. Scrip'tory, a. written, not delivered orally. Scrip'tural, a. contained in the Scriptures. Scrip'ture. s. the Bible, the sacred writings. Scrip'turist, s. one versed in Scripture. Scriv'ener, s. a public writer, one who draws or copies law documents. Scrofula, *. a disease, the king's evil. Scrofulous, a. diseased with the scrofula. Scroll, s. a writing rolled up. Scrub, v. to rub hard : s. a mean fellow. Scrub'bed, Scrub'by, a. mean, vile, sorry. Scru'ple, s. a doubt; a weight of 20 grains. Scru'ple, v. to doubt, to hesitate. Scru'pler, s. a doubter, one who hesitates. Seru'pulize, v. to perplex with scruples. Scrupulosity, 5. scrupulousness. Scru'pulous, a. nicely doubtful, exact. cautious. Scru'pulously, ad. with scrupulousness. Scru'pulousness, s. state of being scrupulous. Scru'table, a. that may be searched. Scruta'tion, s. search, inquiry. Seruta'tor, s. a searcher, an inquirer. Scrutinize, v. to search or examine closely. Scru'tinous, a. full of inquiries. Scru'tiny, s. a strict search or inquiry. Scrutoi'rc, s. a case of drawers for writing. Scud, s. a cloud swiftly driven by the wind. Scud. v. to be driven along hastily as a ship ; to pass over quickly. Scuffle, s. a confused quarrel or broil : v. to fight or struggle confusedly. Scuf tier, s. one who scuffles. Sculk, v. to lurk secretly, to lie close. Sculk'er, s. one that hides ; a lurker. Scull, s. a small boat ; a small oar : v. to impel a boat by rowing and turning an oar over the stern. I Scull, s. a shoal of fish. J Scull. See Skull. Scul'ler, s. a small boat with one rower. Scnl'lery, s. a place to clean and keep dishe Scul'lion, -sf. a kitchen drudge. j Scul'Jionly, a. low, base, worthless. I Sculp'ule, a. formed by sculpture. j Sculp'tor. s. an artist in sculpture. Sculp'tural. a. pertaining to sculpture. Sculp'ture, s. art of carving; caTved work. Sculpture, v. to work in sculpture. I Scum, s. what rises to the top of any liquor. Scum, v. to clear off the scum. Scup'per-holes, s. small holes through which water is carried off a ship's deck. Scurf, s. a dry scab or crust ; any thing adhe- ring to the surface. Scurf 'iness, s. the state of being scurfy. Scur'fy, a. having scurf or scabs. Scur'rile, a. befitting a buffoon or vulgar jester, grossly abusive. Scurril'ity, J. low buffoonery, grossness of re proach, opprobrious language. Scuv'rilous, a. grossly and vulgarly abusive. Scur'rilously, ad. with gross reproach. Scur'rilousness, s. scurrility. Scur'vily, ad. vilely, meanly, coarsely. Scur'viness, s. state of being scurvy. Scur'vy, s. a disease : a. diseased with the scurvy, scabbed ; vile, sorry, mean. Scur'vy-grass, s. the plant spoonwort. I Scut, s. the tail of a hare or rabbit. I Scu'tage,*. a kind of tenure by knight-service I Scut'cheon. See Escutcheon. I Scu'tellated, a. formed like a pan. ' Scu'tiform, a. shaped like a shield. i Scut'tle, s. a pan for holding coals. Scut'tle, s. a hole in the deck or side of a ship : v. to sink a ship by cutting holes in the bottom. Scythe, s. an instrument for mowing. Scythian, a. pertaining to Scythia : s. a na- tive of Scythia. Sea, s. the water as opposed to land ; the ocean ; a large wave or billow. Sea-anem'ony, s. the name of a plant. Sea'-ape, s. a marine animal noted for its antic tricks. Sea'-bank, s. a bank or mole against the sea. Sea'-bat, s. a sort of flying fish. Sea'-beach, s. the sea-shore. Sea'-bear, s. an animal frequenting the sea. Sea'-beard, s. a marine plant. Sea'-beat. Sea'-beaten, a. dashed by the waves. Sea'-board, ad. towards the sea. Sea'-boat, s. a vessel tit for the sea. Sea'-born. a. produced by the sea. Sea-bound, a. bounded by the sea. Sea'-boy, s. a boy employed on shipboard. Sea'-breach, s. a breach made by the sea. Sea-breeze, s. wind blowing from the sea. Sea'-built, a. built for the sea. Sea'-cale, s. a plant of the genus Crambe. Sea'-calf, s. the seal or phoca. Sea'-card, s. a mariner's card or compass. Sea'-carp, s. a spotted fish living among rooks. SEA 261 SEC Sca'-chart, s. a map of the sea-coast. Sea'-coal, s. pit-coal brought by sea. Sea'-coast, s. the land skirting the sea. Sca'-cob. s. a bird, the sea-gull. Sea'-compass, s. the mariner's compass. Sea'-coot, s. a sea fowl. Sea'-crow, s: the cormorant. Sea'-devil, s. the fishing-frog or toad-fish. Sea'-dog, a v . a fish, the common seal. Sea'-eel, s. an eel caught in salt water. Sea'-encircled, a. encompassed by the sea. Sea'farer, s. a traveller by sea ; a mariner. Sea'faring, a. employed or living at sea. Sea'-fennel, s. a plant, samphire. Sea'-fight, s. a naval battle. Sea'-fowl, s. a bird that lives at sea. Sea'-girt, a. encircled by the sea. Sea'-god, s. a fabulous deity of the sea. Sea'-green, a. having the color of the sea. Sea'-gauge, s. the depth that a ship draws. Sea'- gull, s. a common sea-bird. Sea-hed'gehog, s. a prickly sea-shell. Sea'-holly, s. the name of a plant. Sea'- holm, s. a desert islet. Sea'-horse, s. the walrus, the morse. Seal, s. the sea-calf or phoca. Seal, s. a stamp for making impressions; wax stamped or impressed ; any act of confir- mation : v. to fasten, secure, or stamp with a seal ; to ratify. Seal'er, s. one that seals. Sea'like, a. resembling the sea. Seal'ing-wax, s. wax used to seal letters, &c. Sea'-lion, s. a marine animal with a inane. Seam, s. a suture or juncture at which two edges are sewed or joined together ; the mark where flesh has joined after a wound, a scar ; a stratum. Seam, v. to join together; to mark, to scar. Sea'-maid, s. the mermaid. Sea'man, s. a sailor, a mariner; the merman. Sea'manship, s. naval skill and ability. Sea'-mark, s. an object or beacon at sea. Sea'-mew, s. a fowl that frequents the sea. Seam'ross, a. having no seam. Seam'rent, s. a separation of the suture. Seam'ster, s. one that sews. Scam'stross, Semp'stress, s. a woman that lives by needle-work. Seam'y,«. having a seam ; showing the seam. Sea'-navelwort, s. a plant growing in Syria. Sea'-needle, s. a name of the gar-fish. Sea'-nettle, s. the anemony or animal flower. Sca'-nymph, s. a goddess of the sea. Sea'-ooze, J. the soft mud near the sea-shore. Sea'-otter, s. a kind of otter with hind feet like the seal's. Sea'owl, s. the lump-fish. Sea'-pad, s. the star-fish. Sea'-panther, s. a fish like a lamprey. Sea'-pheasant, s. the pin-tailed duck. Sea'-pie, s. a bird ; a dish common at sea. Sea'-piece, 5. a picture of a sceue at sea. Sea'port, s. a harbour or port for ships. Sear, v. to dry, to cauterize, to burn. Spar, a. dry, withered, no longer green. Searcc, v. to sift finely : s. a fine sieve. Search, s. an inquiry, quest, pursuit. Search, v. to examine, to inquire, to seek. Search 'able, a. that may be searched. Search'er, s. a seeker, an inquirer. Searching, s. examination, inquiry. Search'less, a. inscrutable. Sear'cloth, s. a large strengthening plaster. Sear'edness, s. state of being seared. Sea'-robber, s. a pirate, a corsair. Sea'-rocket, s. the name of a plant. Sea'-room, ,?. open sea, far from the shore. Sea'-serpent, s. a huge marine animal like a serpent. Sea'-service, s. naval service. Sea'-shell, s. a shell found on the shore. Sea'-shore, *. the coast of the sea. Sea'-sick, a. sick by the motion of the sea. Sea'-sickness, s. sickness caused by a ship's motion. Sea'-side, s. the maTgin of the sea. Sea'son, s. one of the four divisions of the year, spring, summer, autumn, winter ; a fitting time or season for doing any thing ; a time not very long; that which gives a relish : v. to keep in season or perfection ; to preserve ; to give a gout or relish to. Seasonable, a. opportune, properly timed. Sea'sonableness, s. opportuneness of time. Sea'sonably, ad. at a proper time. Sea'soner, s. he who or that which seasons. Sea'soning, s. something added to give relish. Sea-surroun'ded, a. encompassed by the sea. Seat, s. that on which one sits, a chair ; a throne ; a tribunal ; situation, site ; man- sion, abode : v. to place on a seat, to fix, to settle. ' Sea'-term, s. a nautical expression. | Sea'-toad, .?. an ugly fish so called. ! Sea'-urchin, s. the echinus. j Sea'-walled, a. defended by the sea. I Sea'ward, a. directed towards the sea. ! Sea'ward, ad. towards the sea. j Sea.'- water, s. the salt water of the ocean. I Sea'- weed, s. a common marine plant. I Sea'-worthiness. s. fitness to resist wind ana weather, applied to a ship. Sea'-worthy, a. fit to go to sea. J Seba'ceous, a. suety, resembling suet. j Se'cant, a. cutting, dividing: s. a line from the centre of a circle cutting a tangent to it. Sece'de, v . to withdraw or separate from. ' Sece'der, s. one who secedes. Scces'sion, s. the act of seceding. Se'cle, s. a century, an age. Seclu'dc, v. to shut up apart, to exclude. Seclu'sion, s. a secluding, a separating. Seclu'sive, a. that secludes. Sec'ond, a. next to the first ; inferior. Sec'ond, s. one who accompanies or supports another in a duel ; a supporter ; the 60th part of a minute or of a degree : v. to follow next ; to support. Sec'ondarily, ad. in the second degree. Sec'ondariness, s. the state of beingseoondary Sec'ondary, a. next to the first; subordinate s. a delegate or deputy. Sec'onder, s. one who supports the proposition or motion of another. Scc'ondhand, a. not original, not new. Sec'ondly, ad. in the second placo. Sec'ond-rate, a. of the second order. Sec'ond-sight, s. power of seeing what is to follow the things now seen, or things yet to come. Sec'ond-s ; ghtcd, a. having second sight. SEC 262 SEL Se'crecy, tf. privacy ; close silence. Se'crct, a. kept apart, concealed , secluded, private, unknown : s. something concealed or unknown ; privacy. Sec'retary, >?. one who manages or conducts the affairs of a department or office ; one who notes and records the proceedings of a hoard or public body, one who writes for another. Secretaryship, s. the office of a secretary. Secre'te, v. to hide, to conceal ; to separate the various fluids of the body. Secre'tion, s. the separation of animal fluids. Se'cretist, s. a dealer in secrets. Seereti"tious, a. parted by animal secretion. Se'cretlv, ad. privately, in secret. Se'cretness, s. the being secret, privacy. Secre'tory, a. performing secretion. Sect, s. a body of persons who follow some teacher, or who are united in certain reli- gious tenets. Sectarian, a. pertaining or belonging to any sect : s. a member of any sect. Sectarianism, s. disposition to dissent from the established church. Sec'tary, Sec'tarist, s. a follower of a sect. Secta'tor, s. a follower, a disciple. Sec'tile, a. that may be cut. Sec'tion, s. the act of cutting ; a division. Sec'tional, a. pertaining to a section. Sec'tor, s. a geometrical instrument. Sec'ular, a. relating to the affairs of the pre- sent world, not spiritual; not bound by monastic rules. Secular'ity, s. seeularness. Secularization, s. the act of secularizing. Sec'ularizc, v. to convert to secular use. Sec'ularly, ad. in a worldly manner. Sec'ularness, s. worlclliness. Secu're, a. free from fear or danger ; safe ; confident, careless : v. to insure; to protect. Secu'rely, ad. without danger ; confidently. Seeu'rcness, s. safety ; want of vigilance. S-ou'rer, s. one that secures. Secu'rity, s. state of being secure ; protec- tion ; freedom from fear ; any thing given as a pledge or safeguard. Sedan', s. a portable covered chair. Seda'te, a. calm, quiet, still, serene. Seda'tely, ad. calmly, tranquilly. Seda'teness, s. calmness, tranquillity. Sed'ative, a. assuaging, composing. Sed'ative, s. an assuaging medicine. Sed'entarily, ad. in a sedentary manner. Sed'entariness, s. state of being sedentary. Sed'entary, a. sitting much, inactive. Sedge, s. a growth of narrow flags. Sed'gy, a. overgrown with narrow flags. Sed'iment, s. what settles at the bottom. Sedi"tion, 5. a tumult ; an insurrection. Sedi"tionary, s. an inciter to sedition. Sedi"tious, a. factious, mutinous, turbulent. Seditiously, ad. with factious turbulence. Sedf'tiousness, s. disposition to sedition. Sedu'ee. v. to mislead, to tempt, to corrupt. Sedu'cement, s. the act of seducing. Sedu'cer, s. one who seduces. Sedu'ciblo, a. that may be seduced. Seduc'tion, s. the act of seducing. Seduc'tive, a. tending to seduce or mislead. Sedu'lity, s. assiduity, diligent application. | Sed'ulons, a. assiduous, diligent. ' Sed'ulously, ad. assiduously, diligently. Sed'ulousness, .9. assiduity, diligence. j See, s. the seat of episcopal authority, tha diocese of a bishop. I See, v. to perceive by the eye, to descry, to behold, to observe : 272*. look ! behold ! Seed, s. the substance, animal or vegetable, by means of which the species is repro- duced; first principle; progeny, race: 11. to produce seed ; to shed seed. Seed'-bud, 5. the germ of the fruit in embryo. Seed'-cake, s. a kind of sweet seedy cake. I Seed'-leaf, s. the primary leaf. ! Seed'ling, s. a plant from the seed. j Seed'pearl, s. small grains of pearl. Seed'plot, s. the ground on which plants are I sowed to be afterwards transplanted. : Seeds'man, s. a sower ; he who sells seed. j Seed'-time, s. the season for sowing. 1 Seed'- vessel, s that which contains the seeds. [ Seed'y, a. abounding with seed. See'ing, s. sight, vision : ad. since that. j Seek, v. to look or search for ; to solicit. Seek'er, s. one that seeks, an inquirer. Seel, v. to close the eyes ; to hoodwink. Seem, v. to appear, to have a show or sem- blance ; to become. Secm'er, s. one that carries an appearance. Seem'ing, s. appearance, semblance. Seem'ingly, ad. in appearance, in semblance. Seem'ingness, s. appearance, plausibility. Seem'liness, s. decency, becomingness, grace. Seen/less, a. unseemly, indecorous. Seem'ly, a. decent, becoming, proper, fit. Seem'ly, ad. in a becoming manner. Seer, s. one who foresees events, a prophet. See'saw, s. a reciprocating motion : v. to move with reciprocating motion. Seethe, v. to boil, to decoct, to be hot. Seeth'er, s. a boiler; a pot. Sega'r. See Cigar. Seg'ment, s. a part of a circle. Seg'regate, v. to separate or set apart. Segregation, s. a separation from others. Seigneu'rial, a. manorial, baronial. Seign'ior, s. an Italian title for lord ; the Grand Seignior is the sultan of Turkey. Seign'iorage, s. authority, lordship, baronial authority. Seign'iorize, v. to lord over. Seign'iory, s. a lordship, a manor. Seine, s. a kind of fishing-net. Sein'er, s. a fisher with nets. Seiz'able, a. that is liable to be seized. Seize, v. to take possession of by force ; to grasp, to fasten on. Sei'zer, s. one who seizes. Sei'zin, .y. the act of taking possession. Sei'zure, s. the act of seizing ; the thing seized. Sejunc'tion, s. the act of separating. Sejun'gible, a. that may be separated. Sel'dom, ad. rarely, not frequently. Select', v. to choose in preference to others. Select', a. selected, choice. Selec'tion, s. the act of choosing. Select'ness, s. the state of being select. Sel'enite, s. a subspecies of sulphate of lima which reflects the moon's light brilliantly Sclenog'raphy, s. a description of the moon. SEE 263 SEN Self, s. one's own person : one's personal in- terest : a. very, particular, one's own. Self-aba'sement. s. humiliation, or abasement of one's self. Self-accu'sing, a. accusing one's self. Self-admira'tion, s. admiration of one's self. Self-admi'ring, a. admiring one's self. Self-applau'se, s. applause of one's self. Self-appro' ving, a. that approves of one's own actions or conduct. Selt'-assu'med. a. assumed without authority. Self-ban'ished, a. exiled voluntarily. Self-conceit', s. high opinion of one's self. Self-con ceit'ed, a. vain, conceited. S^lf-con'tidence, s. confidence in one's self. Seif-con'hdent, a. confident of one's own powers. Self-consu'ming, a. that consumes itself. Self-convie'ted, a. convicted by one's own avowal or acknowledgment. Self-defence,*, the act of defending one's self. Self-delu'sion, s. the delusion of one's self. Self-denial, s. forbearing to indulge one's appetites or desires. Self-deny'ing, a. denying one's self. Self-dostruc'tion, *. voluntary destruction. Self-devo'ted, a. voluntarily devoted. Self-devou'ring, a. devouring itself. Self-onjoy nicnt, *. internal satisfaction. Self-esteem', *. high opinion of one's self. Self-ev'ident, a. evident by itself, not requi- ring any other proof. Self-in't rest, s. a regard to self. Self-in'terested,«. selfishly attentive to one's individual interests. Selfish, a regarding one's own interest only. Selfishly, ad. in a selfish manner. Selfishness, s. quality of being selfish. Self-lo've, s. love of one's own person. Self-mur'der, s. suicide. Self-prai'se, s. praise of one's self. Selfsame, s. the very same ; identical. Self-sufn"ciency, ,y. high opinion of one's self, conceit ; assurance. Self-suffi"eiont, a. conceited. Self-will', s. headstrongness, obstinacy. Self-wil'ied, a. governed by one's own will. Sell, v. to part with for a price ; to betray for money ; to have traffic with. Sel'ler, .«. one who sells, a vender. Sel'vedge, s. the edge of cloth, a border. Sem'aphore, s. a signal, a telegraph. Sem'blable, a like, resembling. Sem'blably, ad. with resemblance. Sem'blance, s. likeness, resemblance, show. Sem'blant, a. like, resembling. Sem'blant, S. show, figure, resemblance. Sem'blative, a. resembling, suitable. Sem'i, a. in composition, signifies half. Semi-an'nul: Sem'ibreve, Sem'ieircle, s. half of a circle. Semicir'cular, a. half round. Semicolon, s. half a colon, made thus (;) denotins a longer pause than a comma. Semi-eylin'drical, a. half-cylindrical. Semi-diam'eter, s. half a diameter. Scmi-diaph'anous, a. half transparent. Semi-ftu'id, a. imperfectly fluid. Scmilu'nar, a. resembling a half moon. Seru'i-mctal, s. a half or imperfect metal. half round, in music, half a breve. ing to seed; contained in nature of seed. Sem'inal, a. b the seed ; ra Seminal'ity, s. Sem'inary, a seminal, belonging to seed. Sem'inary, s. a seed-plot or place where seed is sown ; a sell »»!. Sem'inate. v to sow, to propagate. Semina'tion. .? the act. of sowing. Seminif'ic. a. producing seed. Semi-oss'eous, a. half as hard as bone. Semi-o'vate, a. half egg-shaped. Semipe'dal. a. in ] oetry, half a foot. Semi-pellu'cid. a. imperfectly clear. Semi-perspic'uous, a. not quite plain. Semi-quar'tile. s. an aspect of the planets when distant from each other 45°. Sem'iquaver. s. in music, half a quaver. Semi-quin'tile. s. an aspect of the plajiete when distant from each other 36". Semi-sav'age, a. half savage. Semi-sex'tile, s. an aspect of the planets when distant from each other 30°. Semi-spheroi'dal. a. like a half spheroid. Semiter'tian, s. a kind of ague. Sem'itone, s. halt a tone or note in music. Semi-tran'sept, .s\ the half of a transept. Semi-transpa'rcnt, a. half transparent. Semi-transpa'roncy, a. partial opacity. Semi-vit'reous, a. partially vitreous. Semi-vif rified, a. imperfectly vitrified. Semi-vo'cal. a. pertaining to a semi- vowel. Semi-vow'el, j. a consonant which makes an imperfect sound Sempiter'nal, a. perpetual, everlasting. Sempiter'nity. ,v. duration without, end. Semp'ster, ,v. one who sows, a seamster. Semp'stress. See Seamstress. Sen'ary, a. containing the number six. Sen'ate, s. an assembly of counsellors; * body of legislators, a parliament. Sen'ate house, s. a place of public council. Sen'ator, s. a member of the senate. Senato'rial. Senato'rian, a. belonging to % senator : b< ming a senator. Senato'rial ly. ad. in a senatorial manner. Sen'atorship. .v. the office of a senator. Send. v. to despatch or cause to go : to convey by another, to transmit ; to commission. Send'er, s. the persou that sends. Senes'cence. ,v. a growing old : decay. Sen'eschal. s a steward ; a high bailiff. Se'nile. a. belonging to old age. Senil'ity, s. old age. Se'nior.a. old< r than another; older in office: s. an aged person Seniority, *. priority of birth; eldership; priority in office. Sen'na. s. a plant used as a cathartic. Scn'night, [sevennighti .v. a week. Senoc'ular, a. having six eyes. Sen'sated, a. perceived by the senses. Sensa'tion, .v. perception by the senses ; a deep feeling or emotion. Sense, s. a faculty I y which external objects are perceived: perception, understanding; import or meaning. Sen'seless, a. wanting sense, stupid. Sen'selessly, ad. in a senseless manner. Sen'selessness. $ stupidity., absurdity. Sensibil'itv. .v susceptibility of emotion; acute or delicate feeling. SEN 264 SEE Sen'sible, a. perceptible by the senses, intel- ligent ; wise ; convinced, persuaded. Sen'sibleness, s. quality of being sensible. Sen'sibly, ad. in a sensible manner. Sen'sitive, a. having sense or acute feeling. Sen'sitive-plant, s. a plant, the leaves of ■which shrink at the touch. Sen'sitively, ad. in a sensitive manner. Senso'rial, a. pertaining to the sensorium. Senso'rium, Sen'sory, s. the seat of sense, the organ of sensation. Sen'sual, a. pleasing to the senses; carnal. Sen'sualist, s. one devoted to sensuality. Sensuality, s. addiction to carnal pleasures. Sen'sual ize, v. to render sensual. Sen'sual ly, ad. in a sensual manner. Sen'suous, a. sensual ; pathetic. Sen'tence, s. a judgment or decision of the understanding ; a judicial decision, a judg- ment or doom; a maxim or axiom: any number of words joined together so as to make complete sense. Sen'tence, v. to pass judgment; to condemn. Senten'tial. a. comprising sentences. Senten'tious, a. abounding with maxims ; short, pithy, energetic, pointed. Senten'tiously, ad. in a sententious manner. Senten'tiousness. s. the being sententious. Sen'tery, Sen'try. See Sentinel. Sen'tient, a. havingthe faculty of perception : , s. a, being having sensation. 'Sen'timent, s. a feeling, a thought, a notion, an opinion ; sensibility. Sentimen'tal, a. abounding with sentiment. Sentimen'talism, tf. sentimentality. Sentimen'talist, s. one that affects exquisite sensibility. Sentimentai'ity, .?. affectation of sensibility. Sen'tinel, s. a soldier on guard. Sen'try, j. a sentinel ; a watch. Sen'try-box, s. a place to shelter the sentinel from the weather. Separability, s. the being separable. Sep'arable, a. that may be separated. Sep'arableness, s. capability of separation. Sep'ai'ate, v. to part, to disunite, to divide. Sep'arate, a. divided, disunited, distinct. Separately, ad. apart, singly, distinctly. Sep'arateness, s. state of being separate. Separation, s. a disjunction ; a divorce. Separatist, s. a schismatic ; a seccder. Sep'arator, s. one who secedes ; a divider. Sep'aratory, s. a chymkal vessel for separa- ting liquors : a. used in separation. Sep'iment, s. a hedge ; a fence. Sepoy, s. an Indian native who is a soldier in the infantry of the East-India Company. Sept, s. a clan, a race. Septan'gular, a. having seven angles. Septem'ber, s. the ninth month of the year. Sep'tenary, .?. the number seven. Sep'tenary, a. consisting of seven. Septen'nial, a. lasting seven years. Septen'trion, s. the north : a. northern. Septen'trional, a. relating to the north. Septen'trionally, ad. towards the north. Septen'trionate. v. to tend northerly. Sep'tic, Sep'tical, a. having power to promote putrefaction. Sep'tic, s. a septic substance. Septi"city, s. tendency to putrefaction. Septilateral, a. having seven sides. Septuagenarian, s. one who has attained the age of seventy years. Septua"genary, a. consisting of seven times ten or seventy : s. a man of seventy. Septuages'ima, [Lat.] s. the third Sunday before Lent, so called because it is about. seventy days before Easter. Soptuages'imal, a. consisting of seventy. Sep'tuagint, .?. the old Greek version of the Old Testament, so called, as being supposed the work of 70 interpreters. Sep tuple, a. seven times as much. Sep'tum, s. a membrane that serves as a par- tition in any organ. Sepui'chral, a- relating to burial, &c. Sep'ulchre, s. a tomb, a grave. Sep'ukhre, v. to bury, to entomb. Sep'ulture, s. interment, burial. Sequa'cious, a. following, ductile, pliant. Sequa'ciousness, s. state of being sequacious. Sequa"city, *. sequaciousness. Se'quel, s. that which follows, consequence. Sequence, s. a following order. Se'quent, a. following : s. a follower. Seques'ter, v. to take possession of property for the benefit of creditors ; to put aside, to deprive of ; to withdraw for the sake of privacy. Seques'trable, a. that may be sequestered. Seques'trate. v. to take possession of property for the benefit of creditors. Sequestra'tion, s. a separation ; retirement; deprivation of profits. Sequestra'tor, s. he into whose custody the thing in dispute is committed. Se'quin, s. a gold coin of Venice and Turkey. Seragl'io, s. the palace of the Grand Seignior or Sultan ; a harem. Ser'aph, s. one of an order of angels. Seraph'ic, a. belonging to a seraph, angelic. Ser'aphim, s . the plural of Seraph. Seras'kier, s. a Turkish general. Sere. See Sear. Serena'de, s. music by lovers in the night v. to entertain with nocturnal music. Sere'ne, v. to calm, to quiet. Sere'ne, a. calm, piacid, quiet, unruffled. Sere'nely, ad. calmly, quietly, coolly. Sere'neness, Seren'ity, s. calmness, peace. Serf, s. a slave employed in husbandry. Serge, s. a kind of thin woollen cloth. Ser'geant, s. a petty officer in the army ; a degree in law next below a judge. Ser'geantry,^. a particular service due to the king for the tenure of lands. Ser'geantship, s. the office of a sergeant. Seria'tim, [Lat.] ad. in order. Seri"ceous, a. pertaining to silk, silky. Se'ries, s. order, succession, course. Serio-com'ic, a. uniting pathos with humor. Se'rious, a. grave, solemn, not volatile ; ir earnest; not trifling, important. Se'riously, ad. gravely, solemnly, in earnest, Se'riousness, s. quality of being serious. Ser'mon, s. a discourse from the pulpit ; & serious exhortation : v. to sermonize. Ser'monize, v. to preach, to make sermons ; to give instructions in a formal manner. Seros'ity, s. thin watery part of the blood. Se'rous, a. thin, watery, adapted to serum-. SEE 205 SHA Ser'pent, s. a snake ; a musical instrument. SeTpenta'ria, s. the plant snake-root. Serpenta'rius, s. a northern constellation. Ser'pentine, a. winding like a serpent. Ser'pentine, Ser'pentize, v. to wind like a serpent; to meander. Ser'pentine-stone, s. a species of talc spotted like a serpent's skin. Ser'pent's-tongue, s. a kind of plant. Serpiginous, a. diseased with serpigo. Serpigo, s. a kind of tetter ; a ringworm. Ser'rate, Ser'rated, a. jagged like a saw. Serration, s. formation in the shape of a saw. Ser'rature,^. indenture like the teeth of a saw. Ser'ried, a. closely joined. Sor'ry, v. to crowd or drive together. Se'rurn, s. the watery part of the hlood. Ser'vant, s. one who serves another. Ser'vant-maid, s. a female servant. Ser'vant-man, s. a male servant. Serve, v. to work for as a servant ; to attend at command ; to assist, to be of use to ; to supply with food ; to worship. Ser'vice, s. the business of a servant ; office, duty, use ; a course or order of dishes. Serviceable, a. useful, of service. Ser'vieeableness, s. usefulness. Ser'viceably, ad. so as to be serviceable. Ser'vient, a. subordinate. Servile, a. slavish, mean, fawning. Ser'vilely, ad. meanly, slavishly, pitifully. Ser'vileness, s. dependence, slavery. Servility, s. slavishness, meanness. Ser'vitor, s. an attendant ; in the university of Oxford, a student of the lowest order. Ser'vitorship, s. office of a servitor. Ser'vitude, *. slavery, dependence. Ses'ame, Ses'ama, s. a species of Indian corn of which oil is made. Sesquip'cdal, Sesquipedalian, a. containing a foot and a half. Sess. See Cess and Assess. Ses'quitone, s. in music, a minor third. Ses'sile, a. in botany, sitting on the stem. Ses'sion, s. a sitting of magistrates or sena- tors , the term d uring which parliament sits. Ses'sional, a. pertaining to a session. Ses'terce, s. a Roman silver coin. Ses'tine, s. a stanza of six lines. Set, v. to place, to fix, to frame, to plant. Set, a. fixed, regular, formal. Set, s. a number of things suited to each other ; a number of persons associated, a gang ; a slip of a plant for growth. Seta'ceous, a. bristly, set with strong hairs. Set-off, s. a counterbalance ; a decoration. Se'ton, s. an issue or rowel. Se'tous, a. in botany, bristly. Settee', s. a long seat with a back. Setter, s. one who sets ; a kind of dog. Set'ting, s. the apparent descent of the sun or other heavenly body below the horizon. Set'tle, s. a seat, a bench with a seat. Settle, v. to fix in any placo or way of life ; to establish, to compose, to subside. Set'tle dness, s. the state of being settled. Set'tlement,5.the actof settling ; adjustment; a jointure granted to a wife ; a place where a colony is established. The Act of Settlement was that of the 1 2th and 13th of William III., which fixed the succession to the crown. Set'tler, s. one who settles in a colony. Settling, s. settlement ; dregs, lees. Se^en, a. four and three, one more than six. Sev'enfold, a. repeated seven times. Sevenfold, ad. as seven to one. Sev'ennight, Sen'night, s. a week. Sev'enscore, a. seven times twenty. Sev'entoen, a. ten and seven. Seventeenth, a. the ordinal of seventeen. Sev'enth, a. the ordinal of seven. Sev'enthly, ad. in the seventh place. Seventieth, a. the ordinal of seventy. Seventy, a. seven times ten. Sev'er, v. to force asunder, to divide, to disjoin. Sev'eral, a. divers, many, distinct. Sev'eral, s. each particular taken singly. Several'ity, Sev'eralty, s. state of separation from the rest ; distinction. Se^eralize, v. to distinguish. Severally, ad. distinctly, separately. Sev'erance, s. separation, partition. Seve're, a. rigorous, harsh, cruel ; painful, afflictive ; rigid, strict, grave. Seve'rely, ad. with severity. Severity, s. rigour, hardship, cruel treatment. Sew, v. to join, with a needle and thread. Sew'er, s. one who sews. Sew'er, s. a drain or passage for water. Sew'er, s. an officer that served up a feast. Sex, s. the distinction of male and female. - Sexagena'rian, s. a person aged sixty. Sexa"genary, a. aged sixty years. Sexageslrna, s. the second Sunday before Lent, (the sixtieth day before Easter.) Sexagesimal, a. numbered by sixties. Sexan'gled, Sexan'gular, a. having six angles. Sexen'nial, a. lasting six years. Sexen'nially, ad. once in six years. Sex'tant, s. the sixth part of a circle. Sex'tile, s. the aspect of two planets which are 60°, or two signs apart. Sex'ton, s. a sacristan ; a grave-digger. Sex'tonship, s. the office of a sexton. Sextuple, a. sixfold, six times told. Sex'ual, a. relating to the sexes. Shab'bily, ad. in a shabby manner. Shab'biness, s. state or quality of being shabby. Shab'by, a. mean in attire, slovenly ; mean in conduct, paltry. Shac'kle, v. to chain, to fetter, to bind. Shac'kles, s. pi. fetters, chains, gyves. Shad, s. the name of a fish. Shad'dock, s. a variety of the orange. Shade, s. an interception of light, darkness, obscurity ; a shelter, a screen ; an obscure place, the dark part of a picture ; a spirit, a ghost : v. to cover from light or heat. Sha'diness, s. the state of being shady. Sha'ding, s. gradation of light or color. Shad'ow, s. a shade, a faint representation, opposed to substance; a type ; protection. Shad'ow, v. to cloud, to darken ; to represent imperfectly or typically. Shad'owing, s . gradation of light or color. Shad'owy, a. full of shade, dark, gloomy ; typical, unsubstantial. Sha'dy, a. full of shade, sheltered. Shaft, s. an arrow ; the pole of a carriage ; the handle of a weapon ; a narrow perpen- dicular pit. N SHA 266 SHE Shag, s. rough woolly hair ; rough cloth. Shag, v. to make shaggy or rough. Shag'gedness, s. state of being shaggy. Shaggy, Shag'ged, a. hairy, rough, rugged. Shagreen', s. skin of a kind of fish, or leather made rough in imitation of it. Shah, s. the Persian word for king. Shake, v. to tremble, to totter, to be agitated. Shake, *. a vibratory motion ; concussion. Sha'ker, s. he or that which shakes. Sha'king, s. vibratory motion, trembling. Shale, s. a husk ; clay-slate. Shall, v. denoting future time. Shalloon', s. a slight woollen stuff originally made at Chalons in France. Shal'lop, s. a small vessel. Shal'low, a. not deep ; superficial, silly. Shal'low, s. a shoal, a sand, a flat. Shal'low-brained, a. foolish, trifling. Shallowness, s. want of depth or thought. Shalot', s. a kind of small onion. Sham, v. to counterfeit, to trick, to cheat. Sham, s. a delusion, an imposture, a trick. Sham, a. false, counterfeit, fictitious. Sham'bles, s. a place where butchers kill or sell meat ; a slaughter-house. Sham'bling, a. moving awkwardly. Shame, s. reproach, ignominy, disgrace. Shame, v. to make ashamed, to disgrace. Sha'mefaced, a. modest, bashful, sheepish. Sha'mefacedly, ad. bashfully, with modesty. Sha'mefaeedness, s. bashfulness, modesty. Shameful, a. disgraceful, ignominious. Sha'mefully, ad. disgracefully, infamously. Sha'mefulness, s. disgracefulness. Sha'meless, a. without shame, impudent. Sha'melessly, ad. impudently, audaciously. Sha'inelessness, s. impudence, immodesty. Sham'mer, s. a cheat, an impostor. Sham'my, s. a soft kind of leather made of the skin of the Chamois. Sham'ois. See Chamois. Shampoo', v. to rub and press the limbs and muscles after warm bathing, &c. Shampooing, s. the act of kneading and rub- bing the limbs after warm bathing or fa- tigue, as is practised in the East. Sham'rock, s. a species of trefoil, the emblem of Irish nationality. Shank, s. middle joint of the leg, the handle. Sbape, v. to form, to mould, to make ; to suit. Shape, s. form, make, pattern. Sha'peless, a. wanting regularity of form. Sha'pelessness, s. without regular form. Sha'peliness, s. beauty of proportion or form. Sha'pely, a. well-formed, symmetrical. Shard, s. a piece of a broken pot or earthen \essel ; a piece of a shell ; the sheath that covers the wings of some insects. Shard'ed, a. having wings as within shells. Share, s. a division, a proportion, an allot- ment ; a part contributed ; the blade of a plough : v. to divide, to partake with others, to cut. Share-holder, s. one who holds a share or sbares in a joint-stock company. Sha'rer, s. one who divides, a partaker. Sha'ring, s. participation. Shark, s. a voracious sea-fish ; a greedy, art- ful person : v. to live by petty rapine and fraud. Shark'ing, s. petty rapine, trickery. Sharp, a. having a keen edge or fine point, piercing, acute, quick ; acid ; shrill. Sharp, s. a sharp or acute sound. Sharp, v. to make keen, to sharpen. Sharp'-edged, a. having a fine keen edge.- Sharp'en, v. to make or grow sharp. Sharp'er, s. a cheating tricking fellow. Sharp'ly, ad. with sharpness. Sharp'ness, s. keenness ; ingenuity ; severity. Sharp'-set, a. eager, hungry. Sharp'-shooter, s. one of the rifle corps. Sharp'-sighted, a. having quick sight. Sharp'-visaged, a. having a sharp or thin face. Sharp'-witted, a. having an acute mind. Shas'ter, s. the sacred book of the Hindoos. Shat'ter, v. to break into pieces, to impair. Shat'terbrained, a. inattentive, giddy. Shat'ters, s.pl. the fragments of any thing forcibly broken. Shat'tery, a. disunited ; not compact. Shave, v. to pare close with a razor ; to cut into thin slices ; to strip, to pillage. Sha'ver, s. one who shaves ; a sharp dealer. Sha'ving, s. the act of paring the surface ; a thin slice pared off any thing. Shaw, s. a thicket, a small wood. Shawl, j. an article of female dress. Shawm, Shalm, s. a hautboy or cornet. She, the female personal pronoun. Sheaf, s. a bundle of new-cut corn ; any bun- dle or collection held together. Sheaf, v. to collect into sheaves. Shear, v. to clip or cut off with shears. Shear'er, s. one that shears sheep, &c. Shear'man, s. he that shears. Shears, .?. a large kind of scissors. Sheath, s. a scabbard, the case of any thing. Sheathe, v. to put into a sheath. Sheath'ing, s. that which defends as a sheath. Sheath'less, a. not having a sheath. Sheath-wing'ed, a. having the wings pro- tected with cases or coverings. Sheath'y, a. forming a sheath. Sheave, v. See Sheaf. Shed, s. a shelter made of boards, &c. Shed. v. to spill, to scatter, to let fall. Shed'der, s. a spiller ; one who sheds. Sheen, s. brightness, splendour : a. bright. Sheen'y, a. bright, shining. Sheep, s. a well-known animal. Sheep'cot, s. a small inclosure for sheep. Sheep'fold, s. an inclosure to pen sheep in. Sheep'hook, 5. a shepherd's crook. Sheep'ish, a. awkwardly bashful, timorous. Sheepishly, ad. in a sheepish manner. Sheep'ishness, s. timorous diffidence. Sheep's-eye, s. a loving sly look. Sheep'-shearer, s. one who shears sheep. Sheep'-shearing, s. the time of shearing sheep; a feast made when sheep are shorn. Sheep'-stealer, s. one who steals sheep. Sheep'-walk, s. pasture ground for sheep Sheer, a. unmixed, pure. Sheer, v. to slip off clandestinely. Sheer -hulk, s. an old ship of war fitted up for dismasting other ships. Sheer'ly, ad. at once, quite. Sheers, s. an engine for raising weights, par- ticularly the masts of ships. Sheet, v. to cover as with a sheet= SHE 267 Sheet, s. linen for a bed ; the sail of a ship ; as much paper as is made into one piece ; any thing expanded, as a sheet of water, sheet-iron, &c. Sheet-an'chor, s. the largest anchor. Sheet-cop'per, s. copper in broad thin plates. Sheet'ing, s. cloth for making sheets. Sheet-i'ron, 5. iron in broad thin plates. Sheet-lead', s. lead in sheets. Sheik, s. a title of respect among the Bedouin Arabs ; a chief ; in Egypt, a kind of priest. Shek'el, .5. a Jewish coin, value 2s. 6d. Shel'drake, s. a kind of wild duck. Shelf, *. a board fixed to a wall, &c. to place things on ; a sand-bank or ledge of rocks in the sea. Shelf 'y, a. full of hidden rocks or banks. Shell, s. a crustaceous covering ; the outer part of a house ; a coarse kind of coffin ; a bomb or hollow iron ball. Shell, v . to strip off or cast the shell. Shell'-fish, s. a fish covered with a shell. Shell'-work, .?. ornaments made of shells. Shel'ly, a. abounding with shells. Shel'ter, s. a cover from injury ; protection. Shel'ter, v. to give shelter, to protect. Shel'ter] ess, a. without home or refuge. Shel'tery, a. affording shelter. Shel'tie, Shel'ty, *. a small Scotch horse. Shelve, v. to place on a shelf; to lay aside as out of use ; to slope. Shel'ving, a. sloping, slanting. Shel'vy, a. shallow, full of banks, rocky. Shep'herd, s. one who tends slieep. Shep'herdess, s. a female that tends sheep. Shep'herdish, a. like a shepherd. Shep'herdly, a. pastoral, rustic. Sher'bet, J. a Persian beverage, composed of lemon-juice, sugar, and rose-water. Sher'iff, s. the shire reeve or the chief legal functionary of a county. Sheriffalty, s. the office of a sheriff. Sher'ry, s. a kind of Spanish white wine. Shew. See Show. Shib'boleth, [Hebrew] s. the criterion or watchword of a party. Shield, s. a buckler, defence, protection. Shield, v. to protect, to defend. Shift, v. to change, to alter ; to find some ex- pedient ; to practise evasions : s. a change, an evasion ; a female's body linen. Shift'er, s. an artful person, a trickster. Shift'ing, .?. the act of changing, evasion. Shift'ingly, ad. by shifts or tricks. Shift'lcss, «. without a shift or expedient. Shil'ling, s. a silver coin, value 12 pence. Shilly-shally, s. hesitation, want of determi- nation; ridiculous indecision. Shin, s. the fore part of the leg. Shine, w.,to glisten, to glitter, to be conspic- uous ; to be glossy, gay, splendid. 6hine, s. brightness, lustre ; fair weather. Shi'ness, s. unwillingness, reservedness. Shin'gle, s. a thin board for covering houses; round loose stones. Shin'gles, s. a kind of tetter. Shi'mng, u. bright; splendid; illustrious. Shi'ny, a. bright, luminous. Ship, s. a vessel for sailing, properly one with three masts : V. to put on board a ship. Ship'board, ad. on board or in a ship. SHO Ship'boy, s. a boy that serves in a ship. Ship'-builder, s. he who constructs a ship. Ship'-building, s. naval architecture. Ship-chan'dler, s. one who deals in ship tackling, as cordage, canvass, n arch ; a short space of time. SPA 278 SPE Span, v. to measure with the hand extended ; to measure. Span'cel, s. a rope to tie a cow's hinder legs: v . to tie the leg with a rope. Span'-counter, Span'-farthing, s. a game. Span'drel, s. a term in architecture. Span'gle, s. a small plate of shining metal ; any little thing sparkling and brilliant. Span'gle, v. to sprinkle with spangles. Span'iel, s. a sporting dog, originally from Hispaniola, remarkable for his fawning ; a sneaking fawning person. Span'iel, *. like a spaniel, fawning. Span'iel, v. to follow like a spaniel, to fawn. Span'ish, a. of or pertaining to Spain. Span'ish, s. the Spanish language. Spanish-fly, s. a venomous fly that shines like gold, and is used to raise blisters. Span'ker, s. a tall stout person ; any thing larger than common. Spank'ing, a. large, fine, strong. Span'-new, a. quite new. Spar, x. a round piece of timber, used spe- cially for the yards and topmasts of ships. Spar, s. a crystallized mineral. Spar, v. to fight as a pugilist. Spar'able, s. a small nail used in shoe-heels. Spare, v. to be frugal ; to forbear, to forgive. Spare, a. scanty, lean ; superfluous. Spa'reness, s. leanness, want of flesh. Spa'rer, s. one who spares. Spa'rerib, s. ribs of pork with little flesh. Spargefac'tion, s. the act of sprinkling. Spa'ring. a. scarce, scanty ; parsimonious. Spa'rinj;]y, ad. frugally; parsimoniously. Spa'ringncss, s. parsimony. Spark, s. a small particle of fire ; any thing shining ; a showy gay man, a lover. Spar'kle, s. a small particle of fire or light. Spar'kl e, v. to emit sparks, to glitter. Sparkler, s. that which sparkles. Sparklet, s. a small spark. Spark'ish, Spark'ful, a. lively, airy, gay. Sparkling, a. emitting sparks, glittering. Spark'lingly, ad. with twinkling lustre. Spark'lingness, s. vivid twinkling lustre. Spar'ring, s. boxing ; slight disputes. Spar'row, s. a small common bird. Spar'row-hawk, s. a kind of small hawk. Spar'ry, a. resembling spar. Sparse, a. thinly scattered. Spar'sedly, ad. in a scattered manner. Spartan, a. pertaining to ancient Sparta ; hardy, brave, enduring. Spasm, 5. a convulsion ; a sudden and violent contraction of any part. Spasmodic, Spasmodical, a. convulsive. Spat, s. the spawn of shellfish. Spathe, s. a sheathe-like calyx. Spathic, a. foliated or lamellar. Spa'tiate, v. to range ; to ramble at large. Spat'ter, v. to sprinkle with dirt or anything offensive ; to asperse. Spat'terdashcs, s. coverings for the legs to keep them clean from mud, gaiters. Spat'ula, s. an instrument used by apothe- ! caries for spreading plasters. Spat'ulate, a. in botany, shaped like a spatula. | Spavin, s. a disease in horses. Spavined, a. diseased with spavin. Spaw. See Spa. Spawl, s. spittle, saliva: v. to spatter or scatter one's saliva. Spawn, s. the eggs or fish of frogs ; offspring or progeny in contempt : v. to produce as fishes do eggs. Spawn'er, s. the female fish. Speak, v. to talk, to discourse, to address, Speal/able, a. having power to speak. Speak'er, s. one who speaks or proclaims. Speaking, s. the act of uttering words. Speaking, p. and a. talking, uttering words. Speaking- trumpet, s. a trumpet by which the voice may be heard at a great distance. Spear, s. a long pointed weapon, a lance : ». to kill or pierce with a spear. Spear'grass, s. long stiff grass. Spearlnan, s. one who uses a lance. Spear'mint, 5. a plant, a species of mint. Spe"cial, a. denoting a species or sort ; par- ticular, appropriate; uncommon. Speciality, Spe "cialty, s. particularity ; a particular case, a special contract. Specialize, v. to mention specially. Spe"cially, ad. for a special purpose. Spe'cie, s. metallic currency, coin. Spe'cies, s. a kind, a sort; a class or subdi- vision under a genus. Specific, Speciflcal, a. distinguishing the species or kind ; distinct, peculiar. Specific, s. a remedy or medicine for a spe- cific or distinct disease. Specifically, ad. according to the species. Specificate, v. to specify. Specification, s. the act of specifying ; the thing specified. Specif Icness, j. the state or quality of being specific. Spe"cify, v. to state the specific qualities ; to particularize ; to mention in express terms. Spe"cimen, s. a sample or small portion to enable one to judge of the [species or/ quality of the rest. Spe'cious, a. showy, more in appearance than in reality ; plausible. Speciously, ad. with fair appearance. Sj)e'eiousness, s. the state or quality of being specious ; plausibility. Speck, s. a small spot ; a small spot of dirt, a stain : v. to spot. Spec'kle, s. a small speck, a little spot. Spec'kle, v. to mark with small spots. Spec'kled, a. full of small spots. Spec'kledness, $. state of being speckled. Spec'tacle, s. a show, a gazing-stock. Spec'tacled, a. furnished with spectacles. Spec'tacles, s. glasses to help the sight. Spectac'ular, a. relating to shows. Specta'tion, s. regard, respect. Specta'tor. s. a looker-on. a beholder. Spectato'rial, a. pertaining to a spectator. Specta'torship, s. the office of a specator. Specta'tress, Specta'trix, s. a female looker on or beholder. Spec'tral, a. pertaining to a spectre, ghostly. Spec'tre, s. an apparition, a ghost. Spectrum, s. an image, a visible form. Spec'ular, a. having the qualities of a mirror ; assisting sight ; affording view. Spec'ulate, v. to meditate, to contemplate ; to make a venture in trade with a yiew to great profit. SPE 279 SPI Speculation, s. view, contemplation, scheme ; the act of speculating commercially. Spec'ulatist, s. a speculator, a theorist. Speculative, a. contemplative, ideal- Spec'ulatively, ad. ideally, theoretically. Spec'ulativeness, s. the being speculative. Spec'ulator, s. one who speculates. Spec'ulatory, a. exercising speculation. Spec'ulum, s. a mirror, a looking-glass. Speech, s. the power of expressing thoughts j by words ; language ; an oration. Speech'ify, v. to harangue, to make a speech I N 'used contemptuously.) 1 Speechless, a. deprived of speech, dumb. Speechlessness, s. state of being speechless. Speech'-maker, s. one who makes speeehes. Speed, v. to make haste, to despatch, to have success : s. quickness, haste, celerity ; success. Speedily, ad. quickly, hastily, readily. Speedlness, s. the quality of being speedy. Spee'dy, a. quick, swift, nimble, ready. Spell, s. a charm ; a turn at work. Spell, v. to name or write the letters of a word. Spell'er, s. one that spells. Spelling, s. the manner of forming words with letters ; orthography. Spell'ing-book, s. a book for teaching children to spell and read. Spel'ter, s. common zinc. Spen'cer, s. a kind of short coat. Spend, v. to consume, to expend, to waste, to exhaust; to pass or consume time. Spend'er, s. one who spends, a prodigal. Spend'ing, s. the act of expending. Spendthrift, s. a prodigal, a lavisher. Spe'rable, a. that may be hoped. Sperm, s. the seed or spawn of animals ; a kind of whale oil. Spermace'ti, s. an unctuous substance found in sperm whales. Spermatic, Spermat'ical, a. consisting of or relating to sperm ; seminal. Sper'matize, v. to yield seed. Spew, v. to vomit, to eject, to cast forth. Spew'er, s. one who vomits or ejects. Spew'ing, s. the act of vomiting. Spha"celate, v. to gangrene, to mortify. Spha"celus, s. a mortification, a gangrene. Sphere, s. a globe, an orb ; circuit of motion ; compass of knowledge or action; province, rank : v. to form into roundness. Spher'ic, Spher'ical, a. round, globular. Spherically, ad. in form of a sphere. Spher'icalness, Splieri"city, s. rotundity. Spherics, s. doctrine of the sphere. Sphe'roid, s. a body like a sphere, but not exactly round. Spheroid'al, Spheroid'ic, Spheroidical, a. having the form of a spheroid. Spheroid'ity, s. the being spheroidal. Spher'ule, .?. a small globe or sphere. Sphe'ry, a. belonging to the spheres. Sphinx, s. a fabulous monster with the face of a woman and the body of a quadruped, that proposed riddles, and devoured those who could not solve them. Spice, s. a small portion, a specimen. Spice, s. any aromatic substance, as nutmegs, mace, pepper, ginger, &c. Spice, v. to season with spice. Spi'cer, s. one who deals in spices. Spi'cery, .?. spice, collectively. Spi'cing, s. the act of seasoning with spice. Spick-and-span, ad. quite fresh, quite new. Spick'nel, Spig'nel, s. the herb bearwort. Spic'ulate, v. to sharpen at the point. Spi'cy, a. producing spice, aromatic. Spi'der, s. a well-known spinning insect. Spi'der-catcher, s. a bird so called. Spi'der-like, a. resembling a spider. Spig'ot, s. a pin or peg put into the faucet to keep in the liquor. Spike, s an ear of corn ; a great nail. Spike, %. to fasten with spikes; to insert or drive in spikes. Spi'kenard, s. a fragrant plant; the oil or balsam produced from it. Spi'ky, a. having a sharp point. Spill, v. to shed, to lose by shedding; to throw away, to waste. Spiller, s. one who spills; a fishing-line. Spin, v. to draw out and twist into threads ; to extend to a great length ; to protract ; to put into a spinning or rotatory motion. Spin'ach, Spin'age, s. a garden plant. Spi'nal, a. belonging to the back-bone. Spin'dle, s. a pin or rod used in spinning ; any thing long and slender. Spin'dle, v. to shoot or grow like a spindle. Spin'dle-shanked, a. having slender legs. Spin'dle-shanks, s. a contemptuous term for a tall, slender person. Spine, s. the back-bone ; a thorn. Spi'nei, s. a sort of mineral. Spinet', s. a small harpsichord. Spi'net, s. a place where briers grow. Spinif'erous, a. bearing thorns, thorny. Spink, s. a bird; a finch. Spin'ner, s. one that spins, a spider. Spin'ning, a. used for spinning: s. the act of drawing or forming threads. Spin'ning-jenny, 5. a machine or engine for spinning cotton or wool into cloth. Spin'ning-wheel, s. a wheel for spinning. Spinos'ity, 5. the state of being thorny. Spi'nous, Spi'nose, a. thorny, full of thorns. Spin'ster, s. in law, an unmarried woman ; properly, a woman employed in spinning. Spin'stry, s. the work of spinning. Spi'ny, a. thorny, briery; perplexed. Spi'racle, s. a breathing-hole ; a vent. Spi'ral, a. turning round like a screw. Spi'rally, ad. in a spiral form. Spira'tion, s. the act of breathing. Spire, s. a curve or spiral line; any thing wreathed or contorted ; any thing which shoots up to a point ; a steeple. Spire, v. to shoot up pyramidically. Spi'red, a. having a steeple or spire. Spirit, s. the soul ; a ghost ; ardour, courage, vigour of mind ; essential quality, essence ; distilled liquors. Spirit, v. to animate, to excite. Spirited, a. lively, vivacious, full of fire Spiritedly, ad. in a spirited manner. Spirltedness, s. liveliness; ardour. Spir'itful, a. full of spirit, lively. Spirltfulness, s. sprightliness, liveliness. Spiritless, a. wanting spirit, dejected. Spiritlessly, ad. without spirit. Spirltlessness, s. state of being spiritless. SPI 280 SPO Spiritous, a. having the qualities of spirit; pure, ardent, refined, spirituous. Spirltousness, s. state of being spiritous. Spirits, s.pl. inflammable liquors, as brandy, rum, &c. ; temper or disposition of mind ; liveliness, animation. Spiritual, a. incorporeal; ecclesiastical. Spir'itualist, s. one who is spiritual. Spiritual'ity, s. quality of being spiritual. Spiritualiza'tion, s. act of spiritualizing. Spiritualize, v. to convert to a spiritual meaning; to refine, to purify. Spiritually, ad. in a spiritual manner. Spir'itualty, s. spiritual nature ; that which belongs to the church. Spir'ituousness, s. quality of being spirituous. Spir'ituous, a. containing spirit, spiritous ; vivid, airy, lively, ardent. Spirt, v. to throw or shoot out in a jet : s. a sudden ejection ; a sudden effort, a fit. Spir'tle, v. to shoot scatteringly. Spi'ry, a. of a spiral form; wreathed, curled. Spis'sated. a. thickened. Spis'situde, s. thickness; grossness. Spit, s. a utensil to roast meat with. Spit, s. spittle or saliva. Spit, v. to eject saliva from the mouth. Spit, v. to put upon a sjjit ; to thrust through. Spit'al, s. a charitable foundation, a hospital. Spi'tchcock, v. to split an eel lengthwise and broil it : s. an eel so dressed. Spite, s. malice, rancour, malignity. Spite, v. to thwart, to vex, to offend. Spi'teful, a. malicious, malignant, cross. Spi'tefully, ad. maliciously, malignantly. Spi'tefulness, s. malice, malignity. Spit'tle, s. the moisture of the mouth. Splash, s. wet or dirt thrown up as from a pool or puddle ; noise as from a splash. Splash, v, to spatter with water or dirt. Splash'y, a. wet, muddy; apt to daub. Splay'footed, a. having the feet broad or turned outward. Splay'mouth, s. a wide mouth. Spleen, s. the milt ; spite, ill-humour. Spleen'cd, a. having the spleen taken out. Spleen'ful, a. angry, fretful, peevish. Spleenless, a. kind, obliging, mild. Splcen'y, Splen'ish, a. angry; melancholy. Splcn'dent, a. shining, glossy. Splen'did, a. bright, showy, magnificent. Splen'didly, ad. magnificently; pompously. Splen'dor, s. lustre, magnificence, pomp. Splen'drous, a. having splendor. Splen'etic, a. fretful, peevish, angry. Splcn'etic, s. a peevish fretful person. Splen'ic, a. belonging to the spleen; dull. Splcn'itive, a. hot, fiery, passionate. Splent. s. a callous substance adhering to the shank-bone of a horse. Splice, s. the joining of the two ends of a rope without a knot. Splice, v. to join ropes hy interweaving. Splint, s. -a. splinter or thin piece of wood, &c. split off; a thin piece of wood to keep a set bone in its place. Splint, v. to shiver ; to secure by splints. Splin'ter, s. a thin piece of wood, bone, &c. Splin'ter, v. to break into fragments. Split, v. to divide lengthwise, to divide ; to cJeave ; to burst asunder. Split'ter, s. one who splits. Splut'ter, s. bustle, tumult. Spoil, s. pillage, plunder, booty. Spoil, v. to rob, to plunder ; to corrupt. Spoil'er, s. a robber, a plunderer, a pillager. Spoil'ful, a. wasteful, rapacious. Spoke, s. a bar of a wheel or carriage. Spo'kesman, s. he who speaks for another. Spoliate, v. to rob, to plunder. Spolia'tion, s. act of robbery or privation. Sponda'ic, a. pertaining to a spondee. Spon'dee, s. a foot of two long syllables. Spon'dyle, s. a joint of the spine. Sponge, s. a soft porous substance which imbibes or sucks up moisture: v. to wipe or -cleanse with a sponge; to wipe out as with a sponge ; to squeeze out as from a sponge, to drain ; to hang meanly on others for maintenance. Spon'ger, s. one who lives upon others. Spon'ging-house, s. a bailiff's house. Spon'giness, s. the quality of being spongv. Spon'gy, Spon'gious, a. like a sponge. Spon'sal, a. relating to marriage. Spon'sion, s. a becoming surety for another. Spon'sor, s. a surety ; a godfather, a proxy. Spontane'ity, s. voluntariness; willingness. Spontaneous, a. voluntarily, not compelled. Spontaneously, ad. voluntarily, freely. Sponta neousness, s. freedom of will. Spontoon', s. a kind of half-pike or halberd. Spool, s. a small reed to wind yarn upon. Spoom, v. to sail before the wind. Spoon, s. a utensil used in eating liquids. Spoon'bill, s. a large bird of the pelican kind. Spoon'ing, s. scudding, a sea term. Spoon' ful, s. as much as a spoon can hold. Spoon'meat, s. food taken with a spoon. Spor'ades, s.pl. scattered stars, isles, &c. Sporadic, Sporadical, a. diseases which af- fect but few persons at a time : opposed to epidemical. Sport, s. play, diversion, mirth ; diversions ' of the field, as hunting and shooting. Sport, v. to divert, frolic, game, trifle. Spor'ter, ,?. one who sports. Sportl'ul, a. merry, ludicrous, done in jest. Sport' fully, ad. playfully, merrily. Sport'fulness, s. playfulness, frolic. Sport'ingly, ad. in jest, in sport. Sportive, a. gay, merry, frolicsome. Sportlveness, s. gayety ; wantonness. Sport'Jess, a. joyless; sad. Sports'man, s. one who loves field sports. Spor'tuiary, a. subsisting on doles or alms. Spor'tule, s. an alms ; a dole. Spot, s. a mark, a speck ; a stain, a blemish; a small place: v. to mark with spots, to stain, to tarnish. Spotless, a. pure, holy, immaculate. Spot'lessness, s. state of being spotless. Spot'tedness, s. the state of being spotted. Spottiness, s. quality of being spotty. Spot'ty, a. full of spots, maculated. Spou'sal, a. nuptial, bridal : s. marriage. Spouse, s. a husband or wife. Spou'se, v. to espouse, to wed. Spou'seless, a wanting a husband or wife. Spout, s. a projecting mouth of a vessel; a pipe ; water falling in a body. Spout, v. to pour out as from a spout. SPO 281 SQU Spout'er, s. one -who spouts speeches. Spouting, s. the act of pouring out as from a spout; recitation, declamation. Sprain, s. a violent strain of the ligaments without dislocation of the joint : v. to over- strain the ligaments. Sprat, s. a small sea-fish. Sprawl, v. to lie with the limhs spread out or struggling. Spray, s. a small shoot or branch. Spray, s. the foam of the sea. Spread, v. to extend, to expand ; to diffuse. Spread, s. extent, compass, expansion. Spread'er, s. one that spreads. Spreading, s. the act of extending. Spreading, a. extending over a large space. Sprig, v. to mark or work with sprigs. Sprig, s. a small branch or spray. Sprig'gy, a. full of sprigs. Spright, s. a spirit, a sprite. Spright'ful, a. brisk, gay, lively. Spright'fully, ad. briskly ; vigorously. Spright'fulness, s. briskness ; vivacity. Spright'less, a. without spirit, dull, sluggish. Spright'liness, s. liveliness, gayety, vivacity. Sprightly, a. gay, lively, vivacious. Spring, s. the season in which plants spring up from the ground ; a well of water spring- ing up out of the earth ; elastic power. Spring, u. to shoot up unexpectedly or im- perceptibly, as plants ; to spring up sud- denly as an elastic body, when the pres- sure is removed; to spring or leap upon as a wild beast on its prey. Springe, s. a noose that catches by a jerk. j Springe, v. to ensnare, to catch in a trap. Spring'er, s. one who springs or rouses game, j Spring'halt, s. a lameness by which a horse ! twitches up his legs. Spring'head, s. fountain ; source. Springi'ness, s. elasticity. Springing, s. the act of leaping ; growth. Sprin'gle, s. a springe; an clastic noose. Spring'-tide, s. high tide at the new moon. Spring'y, a. elastic; full of springs. Sprin'kle, s. a small quantity scattered. Sprin'kle, v. to scatter in small drops or masses ; to wet, to purify. Sprin'kler, s. one who sprinkles. Sprin'kling, s. a small quantity scattered. Sprit, v. to shoot, to sprout out. Sprit, s. a shoot, a sprout ; a pole, a boom. Sprite, s. a spirit. Sue Spright. Sprit'sail, s. a sail extended by a sprit. Sprout, v. to shoot up as a plant. Sprout, s. a shoot of a vegetable. Sprouts, S. pi. young coleworts. Spruce, a. neat, trim: s. kind of fir. Spruce, v. to trim, to dress. Spru'ce-bcer, s. beer tinctured with fir. Spru'cely, ad. in a neat trim manner. Spru'ccncss, s. trimncss in dress. Spud, s. a short knife. Spume, s. foam, froth: v. to foam, to froth. Spumes'cencc, s. froth in ess; state of foaming Spu'mous, Spu'my, a. frothy, foamy. Spunge, Spun'gcr. See Sponge. Spun'ging-bouso. Sec Sponging-house. Spunk, s. touchwood; and hence, temper easily kindled ; spirit, mettle. Spur, v. to prick with a spur; to incite. Spur, s. a goad worn at the heel by horse- men; the sharp point on a cock's leg; any thing that stimulates or incites. Spur'gall, s. a wound made by a spur. Spur'gall, v. to gall or wound with a spur. Spurge, s. a purgative plant. Spu'rious, a. counterfeit, not legitimate. Spu'riously, ad. in a spurious manner. Spu'riousness, s. state of being spurious. Spurn, v. to kick; to reject with contempt: s. a kick; disdainful rejection. Spurn'er, s. one who spurns. Spur'red, a. wearing spurs. Spur'rier, s. one who makes spurs. Spurt. See Spirt. Spur'way, s. a right of horse-way. Sputa'tion, s. the act of spitting. Spu'tative, a. spitting much. Sput'ter, s. moist matter sputtered out. Sput'ter, v. to, spit in scattered small drops as in rapid speaking ; to speak hastily and indistinctly. Sput'ter or, s. one that sputters. Spy, s. one who watches another's motions. Spy, v. to discover at a distance ; to search narrowly; to explore. Spy'boat, s. a boat sent out for intelligence. Squab, s. a kind of sofa or couch. Squab, a. unfeathered ; thick, short, and fat ; a thick stuffed cushion or sofa. Squab'bish, Squab'by, a. thick, fat, heavy. Squab'ble, s. a low brawl, a petty quarrel. Squab'ble, v. to quarrel, to wrangle. Squab'bler, s. a brawling, wrangling fellow. Squab-pie, s. a pie made of squab pigeons. Squad, j. a small square (squadron) or body of soldiers ; a set of people. Squad'ron, s. a body drawn up in a square ; a part of an army or fleet. Squad'roned, a. formed into squadrons. Squalid, a. foul, filthy; ill-favored. Squalid'ity, Squal'idness, s. the state or qua- lity of being squalid. Squall, v. to scream as a child: s. a loud scream ; a sudden gust of wind. SquaU'er, s. one that squalls. Squall'y, a. abounding with squalls, gusty. Squalor, s. squalidness. Squalniform, a. having the form of scales. Squa'mous, a. scaly, rough. Squan'der, v. to spend profusely ; to scatter. Squan'derer, s. a spendthrift, a waster. Square, a. having four equal sides and four right angles ; forming a right angle ; equal, exact, fair. Square, s. a square figure ; the product of a number multiplied by itself; an instru- ment for forming angles ; a square space of ground with buildings on each side ; a squadron. Square, v. to form with right angles ; to mul- tiply a number by itself; to adjust, to fit. Squash, s. any thing soft or easily squashed ; a sort of pumpion or vegetable marrow; a shock of soft bodies; a sudden fall. Squash, v. to crush into pulp ; to crush. Squat, s. close to the ground, cowering; re- sembling one who squats, thick and short. Squat, v. the posture of one who squats; a sudden fall ; a mineral. Squat, v. to bruise or make flat, SQU 282 STA Squat, ». to sit down on the hams or heels ; to sit cowering or close to the ground ; to settle on another's land without title or permission. Squaw, s. a term among the American In- dians for a female or wife. Squeak, v. to make a quick shrill noise. Squeak, s. a shrill quick cry. Squeak'er, s. one who squeaks. Squeal, v. to squeak continuously. Squeam'ish, a. weak-stomached ; fastidious. Squeam'ishly, ad. in a fastidious manner. Squeam'ishness, s. state of being squeamish. Squea'sy, a. queasy, nice, fastidious. Squeeze, v. to press, to crush, to oppress. Squeeze, s. compression, pressure. Squeezing, s. the act of pressing. Squelch, v. to crush : s. a heavy fall. Squib, s. a little firework that whizzes and cracks ; a flash ; a lampoon. Squill, s. a bulbous plant used in medicine; a crustaceous fish ; an insect. Squin'ancy, s. a quinsy. Squint, s. an oblique look : a. looking awry. Squint, v. to look obliquely or awry. Squint'eyed, a. having eyes with squint. Squinting, s. the act of looking obliquely. Squint'ingly, ad. with an oblique look. Squire, s. an abbreviation of Esquire. ?quire, v. to attend as a squire ; to chaperon. Squi'reship, s. rank and state of an esquire. Squir'rel, s. a small nimble animal with a furry tail. Squirt, v. to eject in a quick stream. Squirt, s. a stream squirted ; a syringe. Squirt'er, s. one that plies a squirt. Stab, s. a wound with a sharp weapon. Stab, v. to pierce with a pointed weapon. Stab'ber, s. one who stabs; an assassin. Stabil'irnent, s. support ; firmness. Stabiritate, v. to make stable. Stability, s. steadiness, fixedness, firmness. Sta'ble, a. able to stand ; firm ; durable. Sta'ble, s. a stand or building for horses : v. to put into a stable; to dwell as beasts. Sta'bleboy, Sta'bleman, s. one who attends in the stable. Sta'bleness, s. power to stand; steadiness. Sta'bling, s. a house or room for beasts. Stab'lish, v. to establish; to fix; to settle. Sta'bly, ad. firmly, steadily. Stack, s. a pile of hay, corn, or wood; a row of chimneys or funnels. Stack, v. to pile up into a stack or stacks. Stack'-yard, s . an enclosure for stacks. Sf.c'te, s. an aromatic gum. Stad'dle, s. a support, a crutch ; a young tree left standing when a wood is cut. Sta'diuon. s. a race-course: a career; the eighth part of a Roman mile. Stadt'holder, s. formerly the chief magis- trate of the united province of Holland. Staff, s. » stick used in walking ; a prop or \ support; an ensign of office ; a number of officer! specially attached to an army or j comm*Mder. Stag, *. a red male deer; the male of the j hind. Stage, *. am elevated platform or floor for exhibitions ; the theatre ; a place of rest ; on a journey; a. step, a degree of advance. | Sta'ge-coach, s. a coach that travels regulai stages, and carries passengers. Sta'ge-play, s. a theatrical entertainment. Sta'ge-player, s. a theatrical performer. Sta'ger, s. a player; an old practitioner. Sta'gery, s. scenic exhibition. Stag'-evil, s. a kind of palsy in a horse's jaw. Stag'gard, s. a four-year-old stag. Stag'ger, v. to reel or move as if about to fall ; to begin to give way ; to hesitate ; to cause to doubt or waver ; to alarm. Staggering, s. the act of reeling. Stag'geringly, ad. in a reeling manner. Stag'gers, s. vertigo in horses. Stag'nancy, s. the state of being stagnant. Stag'nant, a. standing, motionless, still. Stag'nate, v. to cease to flow or move. Stagnation, s. cessation of motion. Sta"girite, s. an appellation given to Aris- totle, from Stagira, his birthplace. Staid, a. steady, sober, grave. Staid'ness, s. steadiness, sobriety, gravity. Stain, v. to tinge ; to blot, to disgrace. Stain, s. a blot ; taint, disgrace. Stain'er, s. one who stains ; a dyer. Stain'less, a. free from stain. Stair, s. a step for ascending; a set of steps Stair'-case, s. the part of a house which con- tains the stairs ; a set of stairs. Stake, s. a post or strong stick fixed in the ground; a palisade; any thing pledged or wagered ; hazard. Stake, v. to fasten or support with stakes; to wager ; to hazard. Stalac'tic, Stalac'tical, a. in the form of a stalactite. Stalao'tite, s. a spar or mineral which hangs like icicles from the roof of a cavern. Stalag'mite, s. a mineral formed by drop- pings on the floor of caverns. Stale, s. the urine of cattle : v. to void urine. Stale, a. not fresh ; old, worn out, decayed. Stalely, ad. of old; of long time. Sta'leness, 5. oldness, not freshness. Stalk, v. to walk with high steps ; to walk stately; to walk behind a stalking-horse: s. a high stately step. Stalk, s. the stem of a herb. Staik'ed, a. having a stalk. Stalk'er, s. one who stalks. Staik'ing-horse, s. a horse real or fictitious, behind which a sportsman conceals his ap- proach from the game ; a mask, a pretence. Stalk'y, a. as hard as a stalk, like a stalk. Stall, s. a crib for horses or oxen, &c. : a stand or stable ; a booth ; a stand or seat of a dignified clergyman in a choir. Stall, v. to keep in a stall or stable. Stall'age, s. rent paid for a stall. Stall -ted, a. fed not with grass, but dry food. Stal'lion, s. a horse not castrated. Stal'worth, a. brave ; becoming a knight. Sta'men, s. the filament and anther of a flower; texture: foundation. Stam'ened, a. furnished with stamens. Stam'ina, s. first principles of any thing; foundation, solidity, strength. Stam'mel, s. a kind of red color. Stam'mer, v. to falter in one's speech. Siam'merer, s. one who stammers. Stam'mering, s. an impediment in speech. ST A 283 STA ?(am'meringly, ad. with stammering. Stamp, v. to impress with a mark ; to fix by impressing, to fix deeply; to coin; to strike the foot forcibly down. Stamp, s. an instrument to make an impres- sion; the impression made; the thing marked ; a government mark set on things that pay duty ; character, good or bad. Stamp'er, s. an instrument for stamping. Stamp'ing-mill, s. an engine or machine for breaking ore. Stamp'-office, s. the office where government stamps are delivered. Stanch, v. to stay or stop from flowing. Stanch, a. steady, steadfast ; faithful, trusty. Stanch'ion, s. a prop, a support. Stanch'less, a. that cannot be stanched. Stanch'ness, s. firmness ; soundness. Stand, v. to be upon the feet ; to remain erect ; to be fixed or firm ; to continue or last ; to halt or stop ; to offer as a candi- date ; to persist, to abide. Stand, s. a station; a stop; a difficulty as causing a stop ; a frame or place for any thing to stand on. Stan'dard, s. an ensign in war ; a fixed rule ; a settled rate. Stan'dard-bearer, s. one who carries a stan- dard or ensign. Stan'del, s. a tree of long standing. Sfcand'er, s. one who stands ; an old tree. Stand'ing, a. erect ; settled ; lasting ; stag- nant ; s. continuance ; station ; rank. Stan'dish, s. a case for pen and ink. Stang, s. a measure of land, a perch. Stan'nary, s. the mines and places where tin is dug and refined. Stan'nary, a. relating to tin-works. Stan'yel, s. the common stone hawk. Stan'za, s. a certain number of lines of poetry regularly adjusted to each othei. Sta'ple, s. a settled or established mart, an emporium ; the original material of a manufacture. Sta'ple, a. settled, established in commerce. Sta'pler, s. a dealer, as a wool-stapler. Star, s. a luminous body in the heavens. Star. v. to adorn with stars; to bespangle. Star'-apple, s. a soft fleshy fruit of America. Star'board, s. the right hand side of a ship, when a person stands with his face towards the head. Starch, s. a substance made of flour or pota- toes, to stiffen linen with. Starch, v. to stiffen with starch. Starch, a. stiff, precise, formal. Star'-chamber, *. a court of criminal juris- diction of very arbitrary power, abolished in the reign of Charles I. Starch'ed, a. stiffened with starch; formal. Starch 'cr, s. one whose trade is to starch. Starch'ly, ad. stiffly ; precisely. Starch'ness, s. stiffness; preciseness. Stare, s. See Starling. Stare, v. to look with fixed eyes, as an effect of wonder, horror, or impudence: s. a fixed look. Sta'rer, s. one who looks with fixed eyes. Star'fish, s. a genus of marine animals hav- ing radiated bodies. Star'gazer, s. an astronomer or astrologer. Starga'zing, s. the act of viewing the stars. Star'-hawk, s. a species of hawk. Stark, a. stiff; firm, confirmed, complete: ad. wholly, completely. Star'less, a. having no light of stars. Star'light, s. light from the stars. Star'light, a. lighted by the stars. Star 'like, a. resembling a star, bright. Starling, s. a bird ; sometimes called Stare Star'-paved, a. set or studded with stars. Star'-proof, a. impervious to starlight. Star'red, a. decorated with stars. Star'ry, a. consisting of or like stars. Star'-shoot, s. an emission from a star. Star'-stone, s. a stone radiated like a star. Start, v. to rise suddenly ; to move or set off with sudden quickness ; to shrink, to wince; to rouse, to alarm. Start, s. a sudden motion from alarm ;' a sudden spring or bound ; a sudden fit ; a sally ; the act of setting out. Start'er, s. one that starts. Start'ing, s. the act of moving suddenly. Start'ingly, ad. by fits or starts. Start'ing-post, s. the barrier from which the horses in a race start. Star 'tie, v. to start by surprise or fright. Star'tle, s. sudden alarm ; shock.' Starve, v. to kill with hunger or cold. Star'veling, s. a poor lean animal : a. hungry. Star'wort, s. a plant ; elecampane. Sta'tary, a. fixed, settled, determined. State, s. a condition ; station, dignity, pomp ; a community, a republic. State, v. to settle; to represent, to tell. Sta'tedly, ad. regularly; not occasionally. Stateliness, s. grandeur, dignity, pride. Sta'tely, a. lofty, grand, pompous. Sta'tely, ad. loftily, majestically, proudly. Statement, s. the act of stating ; a series of facts or circumstances stated. State-monger,- s. an over-busy politician. Sta'te-room, s. a magnificent room in a pa- lace or mansion ; the principal or ehief cabin in a ship. Statesman, *. one employed in public af- fairs ; one versed in the arts of govern - ment ; a politician. Statesmanship, s. the qualifications or skill of a statesman. Stat'ic, Stat'ical, a. relating to weighing. Stat'ics, s. the science of weighing bodi s. Station, s. a stand, or post ; condition, rank Station, v. to place in a certain posi Stational, a. pertaining to a station. Stationary, a. fixed ; not progressive. Stationer, s. a dealer in stationery. Stationery, s. paper, pens, ink, &c. Station-house, s. a building in which a bod> of policemen are stationed. Statist, a\ a statesman, a politician. Statistics, Statistical, a. relating to statistics. Statistics, ,y. that part of political sciencf whioh treats of the condition, strength, and resources of a nation. Stat'uary, s. a carver of images. Stat'ue, s. an image of metal, stone, &c. Stat'ure, s. the height of any animal. Stat'utable, a. according to statute. Stat'utably, ad. agreeably with the statute. Stat'ute, *. an act of parliament, a law. STA 284 STE Stat'utory, a. enaeted by statute. Stave, *. a metrical portion ; a verse. Stave, v. to break in pieces ; to push or ward off, as with a staff; to put off. Staves, s. the pi. of Staff. Stay, v. to continue in a place; to stop, to remain, to abide, to prop, to support. Stay, s. continuance in a place; stop ; fixed state ; a prop or support. Stay'ed, a. settled, fixed, serious, grave. Stay'edness, s. moderation ; gravity. Stay'er, s. that which restrains or props. Stay'lace, s. a lace to fasten stays. Stay'less, a. not making stop or delay. Stay'maker, s. one who makes stay3 Stay'tackle, s. the tackle on shipboard for hoisting heavy weights. Stays, s. a kind of stiff waistcoat worn by women ; ropes to support a mast* Stay'sails, s. any sail extended by a stay. Stead, s. (where any thing stands,) place, room ; the frame or support of a bed : v. to help to advantage. Stead'fast, a. fixed, firm, constant, resolute. Stead'fastly, ad. firmly, constantly. Stead'fastness, s. firmness ; resolution. Stead'ily, ad. without variation or shaking. Steadi'ness, s. firmness ; constancy. Stead'y, v. to make steady. Slead'y, a. fixed, firm; constant, regular. Steak, s. a slice of flesh for broiling. Steal, v. to take by theft; to practise theft; to withdraw privily. Steal'er, v. one who steals ; a thief. Steal'ing. s. the act or practice of theft. Steal'ingly, ad. by stealth. Stealth, s. the act of stealing; secret act. Stealth'ily, ad. performed by stealth. Stealth' y, a. clandestine ; secret. Steam, s. the smoke or vapour of any thing moist or hot : v. to send up or emit vapour ; to expose to steam. Steam'-boat, Steam'er, s. a vessel propelled by the expansive power of steam. Steam'-engine, s. an engineworked by steam. Ste'atite, s. soap-stone, which feels greasy. Steed, s. a horse for state or war ; a horse. Steel, s. iron hardened and refined ; any thins; made of steel, a weapon : a. made of steel. Steel, v. to point with steel ; to harden. Steel'iness, s. great hardness. Steel'y, a. made of steel ; hard, firm. Steel'yard, 5. a balance in which the weight is moved along an iron rod. Steep, a. high, precipitous, of difficult as- cent : s. a precipitous place. Steep, v. to soak in liquor. Steep'iness, s. the state of being steep. Stee'ple, s. a turret of a church, a spire. Stee'ple-chase, s. the term given by hunts- men to a chase or race in a direct line. Stee'pled, a. having towers or turrets. Steep'l y, ad. with precipitous* declivity. Steep'ness, s. precipitous declivity. Steep'y, a. steep, precipitous Steer, s. a young ox. Steer, v. to guide a ship ; to direct or guide. Steer'age, s. the act or practice of steering; direction of any course ; an apartment in the fore part of a ship for the sailors. i Steer 'er, s, a steersman, a pilot. Steer'ing, s. the act of guiding a ship. Steer'ing-wheel, s. the wheel by which a ship is steered. Steer'less, a. having no rudder. Steers'man, s. he who steers a ship. Steganog'raphy, s. the art of secret writing. Stel'lar, Stel'lary. a. astral, starry. Stellate, Stel'lated, a. pointed as a star. Stel'lify, v. to turn into a star. Stel'lion, s. a newt; a spotted lizard. Stel'lite, s. a petrifaction of the star-fish. Stelog'raphy, s. an inscription on a pillar. Stem, s. a stalk; twig; family, race, gene- ration ; a ship's prow. Stem, v. to oppose as a current; to stop. Stem'less, a. having no stem. Stench, s. a stink, a bad smell. Sten'cil, s. apiece of thin leather or oil-cloth, used in painting paper-hangings. Sten'cil, v. to paint with stencils. Stenog'rapher, Stenog'raphist, s. one skilled in short-hand writing. Stenog'raphy, s. the art of writing in short- hand; a short method of writing. Stento'rian, a. uncommonly loud, (having a voice like Stentor, the herald, who, ac- cording to Homer, shouted as loud as fifty other men.) Step. s. a pace, a stair, a round of a ladder ; a degree in advance ; a small space ; gait; an act or proceeding in any matter. Step, v. to move with the feet, to walk ; to walk gravely; to walk a short way. Step'-dame, Step'-mother, J. a father's wife, when the real mother is dead. Step'-daughter, s. a daughter by marriage with her surviving parent. Step'-father, s. a mother's husband, when the father is dead. Step'-son, s. a son by marriage only. Steppe, s. a large barren plain or waste. Step'ping-stone, s. a stone for stepping on. Stercora'ceous, a. belonging to dung. Ster'corary, s. a place for holding dung. Stercora'tion, s. the act of dunging. Stereograph'ic, a. delineated on a plane. Stereograph'ically, ad. by stereography. Stereog'raphy, s. the art of drawing the forms of solids upon a plane. Stereom'etry, s. the art of measuring solid bodies to find their contents. Stereot'omy, s. the art of cutting solids. Ster'eotype, s. a solid or fixed type: a. per- taining to stereotype : v. to print with stereotype. Ster'eotyper, s. one who stereotypes. Ster'ile, a. barren, unfruitful. Steril'ity, s. barrenness, unfruitfu.ness. Ster'ilize, v. to make barren. Sterling, s. English coin ; standard weight. Sterling, a. genuine ; lawful English coin. Stern, a. severe of look or manners, harsh. Stern, s. the part of a ship where the udder is placed ; the hind or after part. Stern'-chase, s. a cannon in a ship's stern. Stern'ly, ad. severely, harshly. Stern'most, a. farthest in the rear. Stern'ness, s. severity of look or manners, Ste/num, [Lat.] s. the breast-bone. Sternuta'tion, s. the act of sneezing. STE 285 STO Stern u'tative, a. apt to cause sneezing. Sternu'tatory, a. having the quality of pro- voking to sneeze : s. a powder to excite sneezing. Steth'oscope, s. a tube for ascertaining the state of the ]ungs by sound. Stew, v. to seethe in a slow heat with little water: s. meat stewed; a brothel. Stew'ard, s. a manager of another's affairs. Stewardship, s. the office of a steward. Stew'ing, s. the act of seething slowly. Stew'ish, a. suiting the stews. Stew'-pan, s. a pan used for stewing. Stews, s. the abode of prostitutes, a brothel. Stib'ial. a. antimonial; like antimony. Stib'iated, a. impregnated with antimony. Stib'ium, S. antimony. Stick, s. a long small piece of wood ; a- staff. Stick, v. to pierce, to stab ; to fasten to ; to adhere closely. Stick'iness,", s. adhesive quality, tenacity. Stic'klc, v. to contend with obstinacy ; to stand up for ; to defend. Stic'kle-back, s. a kind offish. Stic'kler, s. a zealot in any public question ; an obstinate contender. Stiek'y, a. viscous, adhesive, glutinous. Stiff, a. inflexible, harsh, formal, strong. Stiffen, v. to make or grow stiff. Stiffening, s. that which makes stiff. Stiffly, ad. rigidly, inflexibly, stubbornly. Stiff necked, a. stubborn, perverse. Stiffness, s. obstinacy, inflexibility. Sti'fle, v. to suffocate ; to suppress. Stig'ma, J. a brand, a mark of infamy. Stig'mata, s. pi. apertures in the bodies of insects communicating with the air-vessels. Stigmat'ic, a. branded with some token of infamy : s. a person branded with infamy. Stigmat'ically, ad. with a mark of infamy. Stig'matize, v. to mark with infamy. Stile, s. a set of steps into a field. Stilet'to, s. a small dagger. Still, v. to silence, to quiet, to appease. Still, a. silent, quiet; calm, motionless. Still, s. a vessel for distillation ; v. to distill. Still, s. stillness, silence, quietude. Still, ad. till now ; continually ; nevertheless. Stil'latory, s. a vessel for distillation. Still'born, a. dead in the birth, born lifeless. Still icid'ious, a. falling in drops. Still'-life, s. a term in painting for such things as are without animal life. Still'ness, s. calmness, quietness, silence. Still'y, a. silent, tranquil. Stilt, s. a long piece of wood, with a rest for the foot, used by boys for walking in a raised position. Stilt, v. to raise on stilts, or as on stilts. Stim'ulant, a. stimulating, exciting. Stim'ulant, s. a stimulating medicine. Stim'ulate, v. to goad, to spur ; to excite. Stimulation, s. the act of stimulating. Stim'ulative, a. stimulant : s. a provocative. Stim'ulator, s. one who stimulates. Stim'ulus, s. a goad, something that excites. Sting, v. to pierce or wound with a sting. Sting, s. a sharp point with which some ani- mals are armed ; any thing that gives pain or remorse. Stiug'er, s. whatever stings or vexes. Stin'gily, ad. with mean eovetousness. Stin'giness, s. covetousness, niggardliness. Stintless, a. having no sting. Stin'go, s. fine old strong beer. Stin'gy, a. covetous, niggardly, avaricious. Stink, s. an offensive smell, a stench. Stink, v. to emit an offensive smell. Stink'ard, s. a mean stinking fellow. Stink'er, s. something offensive to the smell Stink'ingly, ad. with a stink. Stink'pot, s. a kind of hand grenade, filled with a stinking composition. Stint, s. limit, restraint, quantity assigned. Stint, v. to limit, to restrain. Stint'er, s. one that stints. Sti'pend, s. wages, salary, settled pay. Sti'pend, v. to pay by settled wages. Stipen'diary, s. one who serves for a stipend. Stipen'diary, a. receiving a salary. Stip'ple, v. to engrave in dots. Stip'ulate, v. to contract, to bargain. Stipula'tion, s. a bargain, a contract. I Stip'ulator, s. one who stipulates. | Stir, v. to move, to agitate, to incite. Stir, s. tumult, bustle, commotion. Stir'ious, a. resembling icicles. Stir'rer, s. one in motion ; an early riser. Stir'ring, a. active, busy; exciting. Stir'ring, s. the act of moving. Stir'rup, s. a support for a horseman's foot. Stitch, v. to sew; to join or unite. Stitch, s. a pass of a needle and thread : a link of yarn in knitting ; a sharp pain in the side. Stitch'ing, s. the act of sewing. Stith'y, s. a smith's shop ; an anvil. Stith'y, v. to form on the anvil, to forge. Stive, v. to stuff up close ; to make hot. Sti'ver, s. a Dutch copper coin. Stoat, j. an animal of the weasel kind. Stocca'do, s. a thrust with a rapier. Stock, s. the trunk or body of a plant ; a log; a post; a blockhead ; a band for the neck ; the handle of any thing ; a race, a lineage ; a fund of money ; capital ; shares of a public debt due by government ; farm- ing store, cattle. Stock, v. to store, to lay in store, to supply ; to put into a stock or handle. Stocka'de, s. a barrier or defence of pointed stakes fastened in the ground : v. to fortify with sharpened stakes. Stockbroker, s. one who deals in stock, or the public funds. Stock'dove, 5. a kind of wild pigeon. Stock'fish, s. a cod dried without salt. Stock-gil'lyflower, 5. a plant. Stockholder, s. a proprietor of stock. Stock'ing, s. a covering for the leg. Stockjobber, s. one who deals in stock. Stock'jobbing, s. the act of buying and sel- ling stock in the public funds. Stock'lock, s. a lock fixed in wood. Stocks, s. a prison for the legs ; a frame ol timber on which ships are built. Stock'still, a. motionless as a log. Stock'y, a. thick and firm ; stout. Sto'ic, s. a philosopher of the sect of Zeno. Sto'ical, a. pertaining to the Stoics. Sto'iejuly, ad. coldly, apathetically. Sto'icalness, s. the state of being stoical. STO 286 STR Sto'ieism, s. the opinions of the Stoics. Sto'ker, s. one who attends to the lire. Stole, s. long vest ; a royal rohe. Stol'id, a. stupid, foolish. Stolid'ity, s. stupidity; doltishness, dulness. Stom'ach, s. the ventricle in which food is digested; appetite; inclination* anger, resentment, sullenness, pride. Stom'ach, 5. to resent, to be angry; to brook. Stom'acher, s. an ornamental covering worn by women on the breast. Stom'achful, a. sullen ; stubborn. Stom'ach fulness, s. stubbornness. Stomach'ic, a. relating to the stomach ; strengthening the stomach : s. a medicine for the stomach. Stom'achless, a. wanting an appetite. Stone, s. a hard concretion of some species of earths, as lime, silex, clay, &c. ; a gem ; a concretion in the kidneys or bladder; a hard shell which contains the seed of some kinds of fruits ; a weight of 14 lbs. Stone, a. made of or like stone. Stone, v. to pelt or kill with stones. Sto'ne-blind, a. entirely blind. Sto'ne-bow, s. a cross-bow for shooting stones. Sto'ne's-cast, Sto'ne's-throw, s. the distance to which a stone may be thrown. Sto'ne-chatter, s. a kind of bird. Bto'ne-cray, s. a distemper in hawks. Sto'ne-crop, s. a sort of herb. Sto'ne-cutter, s. a hewer of stones, a mason. Sto'ne-dead, a. as lifeless as a stone. Sto'ne-fruit, s. plums, apricots, peaches, &c. Sto'ne-pit, s. a pit where stones are dug. Sto'ne-pitch, s. hard inspissated pitch. Sto'ner, s. one who pelts or kills with stones. Sto'ne-ware, s. coarse potter's ware. Sto'ne-work, s. building of stone. Sto'niness, s . the state of being stony. Sto'ny, a. made of or full of stones; hard. Sto'ny-hearted, a. hard-hearted, cruel. Stook, j. a small stack of corn, containing twelve sheaves : v. to set up in stooks. Stool, s. a seat without a back ; an evacua- tion of the bowels. Stool'ball, s. a rural game with balls. Stoop, s. a measure of two quarts. Stoop, v. to bend down or forward ; to lean, in walking ; to yield or submit ; to conde- scend : s. the act of stooping ; an inclina- tion or bending forward. Stoop'er, s. one who stoops. Stoop'ingly, ad. with a stoop or bend. Stop, v. to hinder from further motion or operation; to obstruct; to close up; to cease to go forward : s. cessation ; obstruc- tion ; repression ; a pause or point in writing, &c. fctop'cock, s. a pipe made to let out liquor stopped by turning a cock. Stop'gap, s. a temporary expedient. Stoppage, s. an obstruction, hinderance. jstop'ple, Stop'per, s. that by which the mouth of a vessel is stopped. Sto'rage, s. the act of storing goods; the charge for keeping goods in store. Sto'rax, s. the name of a tree and its gum. Store, s. a large quantity ; an abundant sup- ply; plenty; a building where goods are stored ; a magazine. Store, v. to lay up in store ; to furnish. Sto'rehouse, s. a magazine, a warehouse. Storekeeper, s. he who has the care of stores. Storer, s. one who stores or lays up. Stor'ge, [Gr.] s. parental instinct. Sto'ried, a. celebrated in story; adorned with historical pictures. Stork, s. a large bird of passage. Storm, s. a tempest ; an assault on a forti- fied place ; violence ; commotion. Storm, v. to attack by open force ; to rage. Storm'-beaten, a. injured by storm. Storm'iness, s. state of being stormy. Storm'y, a. violent, tempestuous. Sto'ry, s. a narrative, a tale ; history. Sto'ry, v. to tell in history ; to relate. Sto'ry-teller, s. one who relates tales. Story, s. a stage or floor of a building. Stour, s. assault or tumult. Stout, a. firm, strong, lusty ; brave, bold. Stout, s. a name for very strong beer. Stoutly, ad. boldly, lustily, obstinately. Stout'ness, s. strength, fortitude, obstinacy. Stove, v. to keep warm in a hot-house. Stove, s. a hot-house ; a place for a fire. Sto'ver, s. fodder for cattle ; straw. Stow, v. to lay up orderly and compactly. Stow'age, s. a place for stowing goods. Strad'dle, v. to walk wide and awkwardly. Strag'gle, v. to wander dispersedly. Strag'gler, s. he who or that which straggles. Straight, a. not crooked, right, direct. Straight, ad. directly, immediately. Straight'en, v. to make straight. Straight'forth, ad. directly, immediately. Straight'ly, ad. in a right line. Straight'ness, s. state of being straight. Strain, v. to stretch to the utmost; to injure by stretching, to sprain ; to force through a porous substance ; to filtrate, to force, to constrain. Strain, s. an injury by stretching, a sprain ; a note, a song ; style or manner of speak- ing; turn, disposition; race. Strain'able, a. that may be strained. Strain'er, s. an instrument for filtration. Strain'ing, s. the act of filtration. Strait, a. narrow, close, tight, strict, diffi- cult : s. a narrow passage or frith ; a diffi- culty, distress. Strait'en, v. to make narrow, to make tight, to contract ; to put into difficulties. Strait'-laoed, a. stiff, rigid. Strait'ly, ad. narrowly, strictly. Strait'ness, s. narrowness; rigour. Strait-waist'coat, s. a tight dress or apparatus to confine the limbs of an insane person. Stramin'eous, a. strawy, like straw. Strand, s. the shore or beach: v. to drive on the strand ; to run aground. Strand, s. the twist of a rope. Strange, a. foreign, unknown, wonderful. Stra'ngely, ad. wonderfully, oddly. Stra'ngeness, s . state of being strange. Stra'nger, s. a foreigner, one unknown. Stran"gle, v. to choke, to suppress. Stran"gler, s. one who strangles. Stran"gles, s. pi. a disease in horses. Stran"gling, j. death by stopping the breath- Strangula'tion, s. the act of strangling. Stran"gury, s. difficulty of urine with pain. STR 28? STU Strap, 5. a long narrow thong of leather. Strap, v. to beat with a strap. Strappa'do, s. a mode of punishment. Strapping, a. large of person. Stra'ta, s. beds or layers of different matters. Strat'agem, s. an artifice in war; a trick. Strat'cgy, s. military tactics, generalship. Strath, s. a Yale, a bottom. Stratifica'tion, 5. arrangement of different substances in beds or layers. Strat'ify, v. to range in beds or layers. Stratocracy, s. a military government. Stra'tum, [Lat.] s. abed or layer: pi. Strata. Straw, s. the stalk on which corn grows. Straw'berry, s a plant and its fruit. Straw'built, a. made up of straw. Straw'color, s. a light yellow color. Strav/colored, a. of a light yellow color. Straw'y, a. made of straw, like straw. Stray, v. to wander, to lose the way. Stray, s. an animal lost by straying. Stray 'er, s. one who strays ; a wanderer. Streak, s. a line of color, a long stripe. Streak, v . to stripe, to variegate. Streak'y, a. striped, variegated by streaks. Stream, s. a running water, a current. Stream, v. to flow, to issue continually. Stream'er, s. an ensign, a flag, a pennon. Stream'let, s. a small stream. Stream'y, a. abounding in streams. Street, s. a paved way between houses. Street'walker, s. a common prostitute. Strength, s. force, vigour, power, firmness; support ; military force. Strengthen, v. to make strong, to confirm. Strength'ener, s. that which makes strong. Strength/less, a. deprived of strength. Stren'uous, a. bold, active, brave, zealous. Stren'uously, ad. vigorously, zealously. Stren'uousness, s. state of being strenuous. Strep'ent, a. making a loud hoarse noise. Strep'erous, a noisy, boisterous, hoarse. Stress, s. force, importance, weight. Stretch, v. to extend or draw out to a greater length; to strain: s. extension, reach, effort. Stretch'er, s. any thing used for stretching. Strew, v. to spread scatteringly or loosely. Strew'ing, s. the act of scattering. Stri'ffi, [Lat.] s. small channels in shells. Stri'ate, Stri'ated, a. formed in strise. Strick'en, p. smitten; advanced in years. Strick'le, s. a board for striking the corn in a measure to level it. Strict, a. exact, rigorous, severe. Strict'ly, ad. exactly, rigorously. Strict'ness, s. exactness; rigour. Stric'ture, s. a stroke ; a slight touch ; a cri- tical censure; a contraction. Stride, y. a long step : v. to make long steps; to walk with the legs far apart. Stri'dor, [Lat.] s. a creaking noise. Strid'ulous, a. making a creaking noise. Strife, s. contention, contest, discord. Stri'feful, a. contentious, discordant. Strig'ment, J. scrapings, dross. Strike, v . to hit with force, to give a blow to; to stamp, to impress; to lower, as a flag or a tent ; to conclude a bargain. Strike,*, a ceasing from r recommendation. Sugges'tive, a. containing a hint. Su"ggilate, v. to heat black and blue. Su'icidal, a. of the nature of suicide. Su'icide, s. self-murder; a self-murderer. Suit, s. suing: an action or process at law ; a petition, an entreaty; courtship; a sot or number of things corresponding to each other, as a suit of clothes. See Suite. Suit. v. to fit, to adapt to ; to agree. Suit'ahle, a. fitting, becoming, proper. Suitableness, s. fitness; agreeableness. Suitability, .?. quality of being suitable. Suitably, ad. in a suitable manner. Suite, [Fr.] s. a regular set, retinue, train. Suit'or, s. a petitioner; a wooer. Suit'ress, s. a female petitioner. oul'cated, a. furrowed. Sulk, v. to be silently sullen. Sulk'ily, ad. morosely, sullenly. Snlk'iness, s. state of silent suilenness. Sulk'y, a. silently sullen : morose. Sullen, a. gloomy, dark, dismal ; obstinate. Sul'lenly, ad. in a sullen manner. Sul'leiniess, s. gloominess, morosoness. Sul'liagc, s. pollution, tilth, foulness. Sul'ly, v. to soil, to tarnish, to spot. Sul'phur, s. an inflammable mineral sub- stance of a pale yellow color; brimstone. Sul'phuratc, a. belonging to sulphur. Sulpliuia'rion, s the act of dressing or anoint- ing with sulphur. Sulphu'roous. Sui'phurous, a. consisting of, or impregnated with sulphur. Sul'phuietod, a. holding sulphur in solution. Sul'phury, a. partaking of sulphur. i Sul'tan, s. the Turkish emperor. Sulta'na. Sul'taness, 5. the queen of a sultan. Sul'tanry, s. the empire of a sultan. Sul'triuess, s. the state of being sultry. Sul'try, a. hot and close, hot and cloudy. Sum,*, the whole of any thing; the amount ot several numbers added together; a cer- tain quantity of money ;hoight, completion. Sum, v. to collect into a total; to add toge- ther, to compute. Su'mach. s. a tree : a powder obtained irom it, used in dyeing. Sum'less, a. not to be computed. Sum'marily. ad. briefly, in the shortest way. Sum'mary, a. containing the sum ; compen- dious; short, brief: s. a compendium. Sum'mer, s. one who casts up accounts. Sum'mer, s. one of trie four seasons. Sum'mer, v. to pass the summer. Sum'mer-houso, .v. a pleasure-house or arbour in a garden, used in the summer. Sum'merset. See Somersault. Sum'mit, s. the top ; the utmost height. Sum'mon, v. to call with authority, cite. i Sum'moner, s. one who summons or cites. I Sum'mons, s. a call of authority, a citation. Sump'ter, s. a pack-horse, a baggage horse. I Sump'tion, s. the act of Taking. 1 Sump'tuary, a. of or pertaining to expenses regulating the cost of living. ! Sumptuos'ity, s. expensiveness, costliness. Sump'tuous, a. costly, expensive, splendid. I Sump'tuously. ad. expensively, splendidly. | Sump'tuousness. 5. expensiveness, splendour. Sun, s. the luminary of day. i Sun, v. to expose to or warm in the sun. Sun'-beam, s. a ray of the sun. Sun'-beat, a. struck by the sun's rays. Sim'-bright, a. like the sun in brightness. Sun'burning, s. a burning of the skiu by the sun's rays. Sun'burnt, a. tanned by the sun. Sun'clad, a. clothed in radiance; bright i Sun'day, s. the Christian Sabbath. Sun'der, ad. in two or twain. Sun'dcr, v. to divide or part asunder. Sun'dial, *. a marked plate on which tno shadow points the hour. Sun'down, ,v. sunset, close of the day. j Sun'dried, ;;. and a. dried by the sun. ! Sun'dries, s. pi. several things. Sun'dry, a. several, more; than one Sun'fish, s. the name of a fish. Sun'flower, s. a large yellow flower. Sun'less. a. wanting sun, wanting warmth. Sun'iight, s. the light of the sun. Sun'l ike, a. resembling the sun. Sun'ny, a. bright, exposed to the sun. Sun'proof, a. secured against or impervious to the rays of the sun. Sun'rise, Sun'rising, s. the beginning of morning; the east. Sun'set, s. the close of the day, evening. , Sun'shine, s. the radiant light of the sun. *- in'shiny, a. bright with or like the sun. I Sop, v. to drink by f>H)*ts; to eat supper. j Sup, ,?. a mouthful ot liquor. I Su'perable, a. that, may be overcome. Su'jyerableness, S. quality of being superable. Su'perably, ad. so as to be overcome. Superabou'nd. v. to be very abundant. Snperabun'dance, s. more than enough. Superabundant, a. being more than enough. Superabundantly, ad. too abundantly. Superadd', v. to'add over and above. Superadd i'tion, s. the act of superadding* that which is superadded. Superannuate, v. to discharge or disqualify on account of age. Superannuated, a. disqualified by age, dis- charged on account of age. Of: SUP 292 SUP Superannuation, s. the state of being dis- qualified by age. Superb', a. grand, pompous, stately. Superb'] y, ad. in a superb manner. Super-car'go, s. an offiocr in a merchantman who has charge of the cargo. Super-col espial; a. above the firmament. Supercil'iary, a. above the eye-brow. Supercilious, a. proud, haughty. Superciliously, ad. haughtily. Supereil'iousness, s. haughtiness. Supercres'cenee, s. a growth on a growth. Superores'cent, a. growing on some other growing thing. Super-em'inence, Superemlnency, s. an un- common degree of eminence. Super-em'inent, a. greatly em-inent. Super-em'inently, ad. very eminently. Superer'ogat.e, v. to do more than duty de- mands or requires. Supereroga'tion, s. performance of more than duty requires. Superer'ogatory, Super'erogative, Superer'o- gant, a. performed beyond what strict duty requires. Super-exalt', v. to exalt very greatly. Super-exalta'tion, s. very great exaltation. Super-ex'cellence, s. superior excellence. Supcr-cx'cellent, a. uncommonly excellent. Super-excres'cence, s. something superflu- ously growing. Superficial, a. lying on the surface; com- posing the surface; shallow, slight. Superficiality, s. quality of being superficial. Supcrfi"cially, ad. on the surface ; slightly. Supcrfi"ci ilness, s. shallowness. Superfi"cies, s> the surface or outside. Superfi'ne, a. eminently fine. Supertlu'itant, a. floating above. Superfluity, 5. more than enough, excess. Super'fluous, a. too abundant; unnecessary. Super'fluously, ad. with excess. Super'fiuousness, #■„ being superfluous. Su'perflux, r. superfluity. Superfolia'tion, s. excess of foliation. Superhu'man, a. above the power of man. Super- incum'bent, a. lyingon something else. Super-indu'ce, v. to bring in as an addition. Super-induc'tion, s. the act of superinducing. Super-inspect', v. to overlook. Superintend', v. to oversee ; to manage. Superintcnd'ence, Superintend'ency, s. the act of overseeing with authority. Superintcnd'ent, a. overlooking others. Superintendent, s. one who superintends. Supe'rior, a. higher, greater, preferable. Supe'rior, s. one who is above another. Superiority, 5". state of being superior. Superlative, a. implying the highest degree. Superlatively, ad. in the highest degree. Super'lativeness, s. the being superlative. Super! u'nar, Superlu'nary, a. above the moon ; not of this world. Super'nal, a. relating to things above. Supcrna'tant, a. floating on the surface. Supernata'tion, s. a swimming on the surface. Supernat'ural, a. beyond nature ; miraculous. Supernatural ly, ad. miraculously. Supernumerary, a. beyond the usual num- ber: s. one beyond the usual number. Siiperpropor'tion, s. overplus of proportion. Superpurga'tion, s. excess of purgation Super- refleo'tion, s. the reflection of an i reflected before. Super-roy'al, a. larger than royal. Supersalioncy, s. a leaping upon. Supersa'lient. a. leaping upon. Supersat'urate, v. to saturate to excess. Superseri'be, v. to write on the top or outsidfr Superserip'tion, s. a writing on the outside. Superseo'ulaf, a. above secular things. Snperse'de, v. to make void; to set aside. Supersedeas, [Lat.] s. a writ for staying oi setting aside legal proceedings. Superse'dure, s. the act of superseding. Superstition, s. religious belief or practice net sanctioned by the Scriptures ; false re- ligion ; an excess of scruples. Supersti"tious, a. addicted to superstition. Supersti"tious!y, ad. in a superstitious man- ner ; with too much scruple. Superstrain', v. to overstrain. Superstruet', v. to build upon any thing. Supcrstruc'tion, s. an edifice raised or built upon something else. Superstruc'tive, a. built on something else. Superstructure, s. that which is built upon something else; an edifice. Supervaca'neous, a. superfluous, needless. Supervaea'neously, ad. needlessly. Supervaca'neousness, s. Heedlessness. Superve'ne, v. to come upon unexpectedly. Supervo'nient, a. added, additional. Superven'tion, s. a coming on a sudden. Supervise, v. to overlook, to oversee. Supervision, s. the act of supervising. Supervisor, s. an overseer, an inspector. Supcrvi've, v. to overlive, to outlive. Supination, s. the state of being supine. Supina'tor, s. a muscle of the hand. Supi'ne, a. lying with the face upwards ; in- ert, indolent, careless. Su'pine, s. a verbal noun in grammar. Supi'nely, ad. with the face up ; inertly. Supi'nenoss, s. state of being supine. Suppeda'neous, a. placed under the feet. Sup'per, s. the evening meal. Snp'perless, a. not having a supper. Supplant', v. to trip up the heels ; to dis- place by stratagem. Supplant'er, s. one who supplants. Supplanting, s. the act of displacing. Sup'plc, a. i>liant, yielding; cringing. Sup'plc, v. to make pliant or soft. Sup'plement, s. an addition to fill up or supply defects. Supplemcn'tal, Supplementary, a. addi- tional ; added to supply what is wanting. Sup'pleness, s. pliantness, flexibility. Sup'pletory, a. supplying deficiencies : s. that which supplies deficiencies. Sup'pliant, a. submissive; entreating. Sup'pliant, *. an humble petitioner. Sup'pliantly, ad. in a suppliant manner. Sup'plicant, a. suppliant: s. one who en- treats with great submissiveness. Sup'plicate, v. to implore, to entreat. Supplica'tion, s: an humble petition. Sup'plicatory, a. containing supplication. Suppli'er, s. one who supplies. Supplies', s. pi. money granted by Parli; ment to defray the public expenditure, ■i SUR 293 sus Supply', v. to fill up as being deficient or vacant ; to afford ; to furnish ; to serve in- stead of; to relieve. Supply'. s. a sufficiency of things for want. Support', v. to uphold, to bear, or endure, to sustain, to maintain: s. a prop, main- tenance, subsistence. Support'able, a. that may be supported. Support'afeleness, s. the being supportable. Support'er, s. one that supports ; a prop. Support'ers, s. pi. in heraldry, figures hold- ing up an escutcheon. Suppo'sable, a. that may be supposed. Suppo'sal, s. position without proof. Suppo'se, v. to lay down without proof; to admit without proof; to imagine. Suppo'ser, s. one that supposes. Supposition, s. the act of supposing ; some- thing supposed ; a hypothesis. Suppositional, a. hypothetical. Suppos'itive, a. implying a supposition: s. a word denoting supposition. Supposititious, «. put fraudulently in the place of another, not genuine, counterfeit. Suppositf'tiously, ad. in a supposititious manner. Suppositi"tiousnes9, s. spuriousness. Suppos'itively, ad. upon supposition. Suppos'itovy, s. a kind of solid clyster. Suppress', v. to crush, to subdue, to conceal. Suppres'sor, s. one that suppresses. Suppression, s. the act of suppressing. Suppressive, a. tending to suppress. Sup'purate, v. to generate pus or matter; to grew to pus. Suppura'tion, s. the process of suppurating ; the pus or matter generated. Suppurative, a. tending to promote suppu- ration : s. a suppurating medicine. Supputa'tion, s. a reckoning, calculation. Supralapsa'rian, a. antecedent to the fall ot man : s. one who maintains the Supralap- sarian doctrine. Supramun'dane, a. being above the world. Suprem'acy, S. supreme or highest authority. Supre'me, a. highest in dignity or authority, sovereign, most excellent. Supre'me I y, ad. in the highest degree. Su'ral, a. pertaining to the calf of the leg. Sur'base.s.aborderormouldingabovethebase. Surba'te, s. to bruise the feet by travel. Surcea'se, s. cessation, stop. Surcea'se. v. to stop, to cease, to leave off. Sur'charge, s. an overload ; an overcharge. Surcharge, v. to overburden ; to overcharge. Surchar'ger, s. one who surcharges. Sur'einirle, s. a girth, a girdle of a cassock. Sur'cinglcd, a. girt, girdled. Sur'cle, s. a shoot, a sucker. Sur'coat, s. a short over coat. Sur'culatc, s. to eut off suckers, to prune. Surcula'tion, v. the act of pruning. Surd, a. deaf, unheard ; not expressible. Surd, s. an algebraic quantity, of which the root cannot be expressed in numbers. Sure, a. certain, confident; safe; firm. Sure, Su'rely, ad. certainly, undoubtedly. Sure foot'ed, a. treading firmly. Su'retiship, s. state or office of being surety. Su'rety, s. certainty, security against loss or 6»max'-' ; owe bound for another; a hostage. Surf, s. the swell or dashing of the sea that boats against rocks or the shore. Sur'faee, s. the superficies, the outside. Sur'feit, v. to make sick with over feeding ; to disgust ; *. sickness from excess in eat- ing; satiety with sickness. Sur'feiter. s. one who riots; a glutton. Sur'feiting, s. the act of feeding with meat or drink to satiety and sickness. Sur'feit-water, s. water for curing surfeits. Surge, s. a large wave, a billow. Surge, v. to swell as waves, to rise high. Sur'gelcss, a. not rising in surges, calm. Sur'geon, s. a chirurgeon or one who cures by manual operation. Sur'gery, s. curing by manual operation ; a place or room for surgical operations. Sur'gical, a. pertaining to surgery. Sur'gy, a. rising in billows ; swelling. Surlily, ad. in a surly manner. Sur'liness, s. crabbedness. moroseness. Sur'ly, a. morose, rough, uncivil, sour. Surmi'se, s. an imperfect notion ; a sus- picion : v. to imagine ; to suspect. Surmi'ser, s. one Who surmises. Surmount', v. to surpass; to overcome. Surmount'able, a. that may be overcome. Sur'name, s. an additional name, a family name : v. to call by a surname. Surpass' r w. to excel, to exceed, to go beyond. Surpass'able, a. that may be excelled. Surpassing, a. excellent, in a high degree. Surpass'ingly, ad. very excellently. Sur'plice, s. a clergyman's white garment. Sur'pliced, a. wearing a surplice. Sur'pl ice-fees, s. certain clerical fees. Sur'plus, s. an overplus, a remainder. Sur'plusage, s. surplus, what remains. Surpri'sal, s. the act of surprising. Surpri'se, v. to come upon unawares; to as- tonish : to confuse: s. the act of surprising ; astonishment. Surprising, a. wonderful, astonishing. Surpri'singly, ad. to a wonderful degree. Surren'der, v. to yield, to deliver up. Surren'der, s. the act of yielding or resigning. Surrep'tion, s. a creeping or coming upon unperceived; the act of obtaining by stealth or fraud. Surrepti'tious, a. done by stealth or fraud. Surreptitiously, ad. fraudulently. Sur'rogate, 5. a deputy, a delegate. Surround', v. to encompass completely. Surtou't, [Fr.] s. an upper coat, a great coat. Surve'ne, v. to supervene, to be added. Survey', v. to overlook, to oversee, to view. Sur'vey, s. a view ; a measurement. Survey'ing. s. the art of measuring land. Survey'or, s. an overseer ; a measurer. Survey'or-gcneral, s. a principal surveyor. Survey'orship, s. the office of a surveyor. Survi'val, Survi'vance, s. survivorship. Survi've, v. to outlive, to remain alive. Survi'vor, s. one that outlives another. Survivorship, s. the state of a survivor. Susceptibility, s. thestate or quality of being susceptible. Suscep'tible, a. apt to take an impression; capable of admitting; tending to admit. Suseep'tibleness, s. susceptibility. Suscep'tion, s. the act of undertaking. sus 294 SWE Suscep'tive, a. capable of admitting. Suscep'tor, s. one who undertakes. Suscvptiv'ity, s. capability of admitting. Suscip'iency, s. reception, admission. Suseip'ient, a. receiving, admitting. Suscip'iont. s. one who admits or receives Sus'citate, v. to rouse, to excite. Suscita'tion, s. the act of exciting. Suspect', v. to mistrust, doubt, think guilty. Suspeet'odly, ad. so as to be suspected. Suspect'odness, s. state of being suspected. Suspect'er, s. one who suspects. Suspect' ful, a. apt to suspect. Suspect'less, a. not suspecting ; not sus- pected. Suspend', v. to hang; to make to depend upon ; to put off or delay ; to deprive for a time of office. Suspend'er, s. he or that which suspends. Suspen'se, s. uncertainty, doubt, stop. Suspensibil'ity. 5. the being suspensible. Suspen'sible, a. capable of being suspended. Suspension, s. the act of suspending; the state of being suspended ; a keeping in doubt; temporary deprivation of office. Suspen'sive, a. doubtful, uncertain. Suspen'sory, a. that suspends; doubtful. Sus'picable, a. liable to suspicion. Suspicion, *. the act of suspecting. Suspi"cious, as. inclined to suspect ; indicat- ing suspicion ; liable to suspicion. Suspi"cious!y, ad. with suspicion. Suspiciousness, s. tendency to suspicion Suspira'tion, s. a deep breathing, a sigh Suspi're, v. to breathe deep, to -sigh. Suspi'ral, S. a breathing hole. Sustain', v. to uphold, to support, to main- tain ; to bear, to endure. Sustain'able, a. that may be sustained. Sustain'or, s. he or that which sustains. Sus'tenance, s. maintenance ; victuals. Sustonti.'tion, s. support; maintenance. Susurra'tion, s. a whisper, a soft manner. Su'tile. a. done by stitching. Sut'ler, s. one who sells provisions and liquors in a camp. Suttee', s. the sacrifice of burning a Hindoo or Indian widow on the funeral pile of her husband. Sut'tling, a. belonging to suttlers. Su'ture, s. a sewing ; a sewing of wounds. Swab, s. a kind of mop to clean floors. Swab, v. to clean with a swab. Swab'bor, s. one who swabs a ship's deck. Swad'dle, v. to swathe, to bind in clothes. Swad'dle, s. clothes bound round the body. Swad'd ling-cloth, s. a cloth or band wrapped round an infant. Swag. v. to sink by its own weight. Swag'ger, v. to bluster, to bully, to brag. Swag'gerer, s. a blusterer, a bully. Swag'gy. a. sinking by its own weight. Swain, s. a young man; a rustic. Swal'low, s. a migratory bird. Swal'low, x. the throat : voracity. Swal'low. v. to take down the throat ; to re- ceive with too great credulity. Swal'lower, 5. one that swallows. Swai low-tail, s. the name of a plant- Swamp, s. a marsh, a fen, a bog. Swamp, v. to sink as in a swamp- Swamp'-ore, s. hog-iron ore. Swamp'y, a. boggy, fenny, marshy. Swan, s. a large aquatic fowl. Swans'down, s. the down of swans; a fine soft thick woollen cloth. Swau'skin, s. a kind of fine soft flannel. Swap, v. to strike with a long or sweeping stroke ; to strike a bargain, to exchange or barter : s. a stroke, a blow. See Swop. Sward, .>•. the grassy surface of land. Swarm, s. a great number of small animals, as bees ; a crowd, a multitude. Swarm, v. to collect in a swarm, to throng. Swart, Swarfh, a. black, dark ; gloomy. Swart, v. to blacken, to dusk. Swarth'iness, s. darkness of complexion. Swarth'y, Swart'y, a. dark, tawny. Swash, v. to make a clutter or great noise , to bluster : s. a blustering noise. Swath, s. a line of grass or corn cut down by the mower ; a band. Swathe, v. to bind with rollers or bands. Swathe, 5. a bandage or roller. Sway, s. influence, direction, power, rule. Sway, v. to move or wave ; to direct to either side ; to have weight or influence ; to bear ; to govern, to rule. Sweat, Swale, v. to waste away, to melt. Swear, v. to utter an oath ; to declare or pro- mise upon oath; to bind by an oath. Swear 'er, s. one who swears Swea/ing, s. the act of declaring upon oath ; the practice of using profane e tV Sweat, s the moisture emitted at the pores by heat or labour; labour, toil. Sweat, v. to perspire ; to toil, to la hour. Sweat'iness, s. the state of being sweaty. Sweat'ing, 5. an emission of sweat. Sweating-sick'ness, s. a febrile disease. Sweat'y, a. moist with sweat ; toilsome. Swede, *. a native of Sweden. Swe'dish-turnip, s. a hard kind of turnip. Swe'dish, a. relating to the Swedes. Sweep, s. to ciean with a besom : to carry off with celerity and violence; to pass along with pomp; to move with a long reach : s. the act of sweeping ; the compass of a stroke. Sweep'er, s. one that sweeps. Sweep'ings, s.pl. refuse, what is swept away. Sweep'net, s. a large kind of net. Sweep'stake. s. a man that wins all. Swcep'stakes, s. the united or whole stakes contended for in any sport or game. Sweep'y, a. passing swiftly over a large space at once ; wavy. Sweet, a. agreeable to the taste ; pleasing to any sense ; not sour : s. a sweet substance ; a perfume; something pleasing; a word of endearment. Sweet 'bread, s. the pancreas of a calf. Sweet'brier, s. a fragrant shrub. Sweet'en, v. to make or grow sweet. Sweet'ener, s. one that sweetens. Sweet heart. 5. a lover or mistress. Sweet'ish, a. somewhat, sweet. Sweet'meat, s. a conserve of fruits and sugar. Sweet'ness. s. quality of being sweet Sweet'-pea, s. a pea cultivated for ornament. Sweet'-seented, a. having a sweet smell. Sweet'-smelling, a. having a sweet smell. SWE 29.3 SYN Sweet-wiTliam, 5. a garden flower. Sweet-willow, s. gale or Dutch myrtle. Swell, v. to be inflated ; to inflate ; to ".grow larger ; to bulge out ; to look big : *. ex- tension of bulk ; a billow. Swell'ing, s. a protuberance ; a tumor. Swelt, v. to overpower with heat. Swelt'er, v. to be pained or dried with heat. Swelt'ry, a. suffocating with heat. Swerve, v. to wander, to deviate, to bend. Swift, s. a bird like a swallow; a martin. Swift, a. quick, nimble, ready, prompt. Swift'ly, ad. fleetly, rapidly, with velocity. Swift'ness, s. speed, rapidity, quickness. Swig, s. a large draught of liquor. Swig, v. to drink by large draughts. Swill, v. to drink grossly, to drench ; to in- ebriate : s. a large draught of liquor ; wash, given to hogs. Swill'er, s. one that swills. Swil Tings, s. wash for hogs. Swim, v. to float, to move or pass through water: to glide along; to be dizzy: s. the act of swimming. Swim'mer, s. one who swims. Swim'ming, s. a moving on water; dizziness. Swim'mingly, ad. smoothly; successfully. Swin'die, v. to impose upon and defraud per- sons by false pretences. Swin'dler, s. a sharper, a cheat. Swin'dling. s. the practices of a swindler. Swine, s. hogs or pigs collectively. Swi'ne-herd, s. a keeper of hogs. Swi'ne-stone. s a kind of limestone. Swing, v. to wave loosely in the air : to move backward and forward on a rope; to vi- brate; to whirl round. Swing, s. motion of any thing hangingloosely; an apparatus for swinging; free course, unrestrained liberty. Swing'-bridge, s. a bridge moved by swing- ing, used on canals. Swinge, v. to lash or whip soundly ; s. a sweep of any thing in motion, as a lash. Swing'er, s. one who swings. Swinging, s. motion to and fro. Swin'ging, a. great, huge, (a low word.) Swi'nish, a. resembling swine ; gross. Swipes, s. bad or small beer, (a low word.) Swiss, a. pertaining to Switzerland. Swiss, Swit'zcr, s. a native of Switzerland. Switch, s. a small flexible twig. Switch, v. to beat with a switch. Swiv'el, s. a ring turning on a staple ; a small cannon which turns on a swivel. Swoon, v. to faint : S. a fainting fit. Swoon'ing, s. the act of fainting. Swoop, s. a falling on ; a seizing. Swoop, s. a sweeping motion ; a seizing. Swoop, v. to fall on at once and seize, as a hawk its prey; to catch or seize with a sweeping motion. Swop, v. to change; to exchange. See Swap. Sword, s. a well-known military weapon; destruction by war, vengeance. Sword'-belt, s. the belt by which a sword is suspended. Sword'-blade, s. the cutting part of a sword. Sword'-cutler, s. a manufacturer of swords. Sword'ed, a. girt, with a sword. Sword'er, s. a soldier; a cut-throat. Sword'-fight, s. a combat with swords. Sword'-tish. s. a fish with a long sharp bone issuing from its head. Swovd'-knot, s. a knot of riband at the hilt of a sword. Sword'-law. s. violence, force. Sword'-man. s. a soldier, a fighting man. Sword'-player, s. a gladiator, a fencer. Sybarit'ic, Sybarit.'ical, a. like the ancient Sybarites; luxurious: wanton. Sye'amore, s. a species of wild fig-tree. Sycophancy, s. mean flattery, servility. Syc'ophant, s. a parasite, a flatterer. Sycophan'tic, Sycoplian'tical, a. parasitical. Syc'ophantry, s. malignant tale bearing. Svllab'ic, Svllab'ical. a. relating .to svllables. Syllab'ically, ad. in a syllabioal manner. Syllabica'tion, s. the act of dividing of words into syllables. Syllable, s. as much of a word as is uttered by one articulation. Syllable, v. to articulate, to utter. Syllabub, s. See Sillabub. Syllabus, s. an abstract, a compendium. Syllogism, s. a form of argument, in which the validity or conclusiveness of the rea- soning is evident from the mere form of the expression; as, A is B, C is A ; there- fore C is B. Syllogis'tic, Syllogis'tical, a. pertaining to or consisting of a syllogism. Syllogis'tically, ad. in form of a syllogism. Syllogiza'tion, s. reasoning by syllogism. Syllogize, v. to reason by syllogism. Syllogizer, s. one who reasons by syllogisms. Sylph, s. an imaginary being inhabiting the air ; literally, a moth. Sylph'id, s. diminutive of Sylph. Syl'van. See Silvan. SynTbol, s. a sign, an emblem, a typo. Symbolical, a. representative, typical. Symbolically, ad. typically, emblematically. Sym'bolism, s. in chemistry, consent of parts; the use of symbols. Symboliza'tion, s. the act of symbolizing. Sym'bolize, v. to resemble typically. Symmet'rian, s. one studious of proportion. Symmetrical, a. having due proportion. Symmetrically, ad. with due proportion. Sym'metristj s. one studious of proportion. Sym'metrize, a. to make proportionate. Sym'metry, *. a due proportion or relation of parts to the whole ; harmony. Sympathetic, Sympathetica], a. having sym- pathy ; produced by sympathy. Sympathetically, ad. with sympathy. Sympathize, v. to feel with or for another. Sym'pathy, s. compassion; fellow-feeling; agreement of affections. Sympho'nious, a. agreeing in sound. Sym'phonize, v. to be in unison with. Sym'phony, s. a harmony of sounds. Sympo'siac, a. convivial, feasting. Sympo'sium, .v. a feast; a drinking together. Symp'tom, s. a sign, a token, an indication. Symptomatic, Symptomatica], a. indicating the existence of something else. Symptomatlcally, ad. as a symptom. Synago"gical, a. pertaining to a synagogue. Syn'agoguc, a. a place of Jewish worship. Synale'pha, s. a contraction of a syllable. SYN 296 TAC Syn'archy, s. joint sovereignty. Synarthrosis, s. close union of bones. Synaxls, s. a congregation. Synaerlsis, *. a union of two syllables into one ; the opposite of Diaeresis. Synchron'ical, Synchronous, a. happening at, or belonging to, the same time. Synchronism, s. a concurrence of two or more events happening at the same time. Synchronize, v . to concur at the same time. Syn'chronousiy, ad. at the same time. Syn'co-pate. v. to abbreviate by taking from the middle of a word ; to shorten. Syncopa'tion, s. the act of syncopating. SynVope, s. a contraction of a word, by omitting a letter or syllable from the mid- dle; a fainting fit. Syn'copist, s. a contractor of words. Syn'copize, v. to contract, to abridge. Syn'die, s. a person deputed to act on behalf of a corporation or community; a chief magistrate. Syn'dieate, s. a council : v. to pass sentence on ; to judge. Syn'drome, s. a concurrent action. Synec'doche, s. a figure of rhetoric, by which part is taken for the whole, or the whole for a part. Synecdoch'ical, a. expressed by a synec- doche ; implying a synecdoche. Synecdoch'ically, ad. by synecdoche. Synerget'ie, Synergis'tic, a. co-operating. Syn'od, s. a meeting, a council, an ecclesias- tical assembly. Syn'odal, a. synodical : s. dues formerly paid to a bishop at a visitation. Synod'ic, Synod'ical, a. pertaining to or transacted in a synod. Synod'ically, ad. by the authority of a synod. Syn'onyme, s. a word having the same mean- ing as some other word. Synon'ymize, v. to express the same thing in different words. Synon'ymous, a. of the same signification. Synon'ymously, ad. in a synonymous manner. Synon'ymy, s. the quality of expressing the same meaning by different words. Synop sis, *. a view of the whole together ; an epitome or abridgment. Synop'tical, a. affording a general view. Synop'tically, ad. in a synoptical manner. Syntae'tic, Syntactical, a. fitted to each other ; relating to syntax. Syntac tically, ad. conformably to syntax. Syu'tax, s. that part of grammar which treats of the construction of sentences. Syntere'sis, s. remorse of conscience. Syn'thesis, s. the act of putting together ; 'opposed to Analysis. Synthetic, Synthetical, a. putting together; opposed to Analytic. Synthetically, ad. by synthesis. Sy'phon, s. See Siphon. Syr'iac. a. belonging or relating to Syria : s. the Syriac language. Syr'inge, s. a pipe to squirt liquor with. Svr'inge, v. to squirt or wash with a syringe. Syr'tis, s. a quicksand, a bog. r-yr'np. See Sirup. Sys'tasis. s. consistence; constitution. Sys'tem, s. a method, theory, scheme. Systematic, s. one who observes system. Systematic, Systematical, a. methodical. Systematically, ad. in a systematic manner, Sys'tematist, Sys'tematizer, 5. one who re- duces things to a system. Systemiza'tion, s. the act of systemizing. Systematize, v. to reduce to a system. Sys'tem-maker, s. one who forms a system. Sys'tem-monger, s. one ridiculously given to the forming of systems. Sys'tole, s. the contraction of the heart; the shortening of a long syllable. Tab'ard, s. a short gown ; a herald's coat. Tab'arder, s. one who wears a tabard. Tab'by, s. a kind of waved silk: a. varied with different colours ; brindled. Tabefac'tion, s. a wasting away. ; Tab'efy, v. to waste away, to emaciate. Tab'ernacle, 5. a tent, a temporary habita- tion ; a sacred place, a place of worship. Tab'ernacle, v. to en.shrine; to dwell. Tabernac'ular, a. latticed. Ta'bes, s. a consumption without cough. Tab'id, a. consumptive, wasted by disease. Tabldness, s. a wasting by disease. Tabinet', s. a kind of silk stuff. Tab'lature, s. painting on walls or ceilings. Ta'ble, 5. any flat surface ; an article of fur- niture with a fiat surface, used for meals and other purposes; fare or entertainment ; a surface on which something is written - an index, a syllabus. Ta'ble, v. to form into a table or index. Ta'ble-beer, s. beer used at meals. Ta'ble-book, s. a book on which any thing is engraved or written without ink. Ta'ble-cloth, s. linen spread on a table. Ta'ble-land, s. elevated flat land. Ta'blc-man, s. a man at draughts. Ta'bles, s. boards used for backgammon. Tab'let, s. a small table ; a small flat surface for writing on. Ta'ble-talk, s. conversation at meals or en- tertainments ; table- discourse. Taboo', s. in the Pacific Isles, a religious interdict: v. to forbid the use of. Ta'bour, s. a small drum, a drum beaten with one stick to accompany a pipe. Ta'bour. v. to strike lightly, as on a tabour. Ta'bourer, 5. one who beats the tabour. Tab'ouret, Tablet, s. a small drum. Tabouri'ne, [Fr.] s. a tabour; a small drum. Tab'ular, a. in the form of a table. Tab'ulate, v. to reduce to tables. Tab'ulated, a. having a flat surface. | Tache, s. a catch, a loop, a button. Tachyg'raphy, s. the art of quick writing. Ta"cit. a. silent; implied or meant, though not expressed. Ta"oitly, ad. silently; by implication. Ta"citurn. a. habitually silent. Taciturnity, s. habitual silence. Tack, s. a small nail : v. to fasten slightly. ! Tack, s. the change of a ship's course. ! Tack, v. to change a ship's course. Tac'kle, s. ropes of a .ship ; tackling. ! Tae'kle, v. to supply with tackle. i Tac'kkd, a. made of ropes tacked together. TAC 297 TAN Tack'ling, s. ropes and furniture of ships; instruments of action, as for fishing, dec. Tact, s. ready talent; nicety of discernment; expertness and skill in the management of any affair. Tae/tic, Tac'tical. a. relatingtothe art of war. Tacti"cian, s. one skilled in tactics. Tac'tics, s. the art of arranging or disposing military or naval forces for battle; the science of war. Tac'tile, a. perceptible by the touch. Tactil'ity, 5. perceptibility by the touch. Tac'tion, s. the act of touching. Tad'pole, s. a young shapeless frog. Taf'ferel, s. the upper part of a ship's stern. Taffeta, s. a sort of thin silk. Tag, s. a metallic, point at the end of a string or lace ; any thing tacked to another; any thing mean or low. Tag, v. to fix a tag to; to tack together. Tag'-rag, s. the rabble. Tag'-tail, s. a worm with a tag-like tail. Tail, s. the part of an animal which termin- ates the body behind ; the hinder or lower part of any thing ; the end or extremity of any thing; any thing pendent. Tail'age. See Tallage. Tail'ed, a. furnished with a tail. Tai'lor, s. one who makes men's clothos. Tai'lor, v. to work as a tailor. Tailoring, s. the business of a tailor. Taint, s. a tincture, a stain ; infection. Taint, v. to stain, sully; infect, corrupt. Taintless, a. without stain, pure. Taint'ure, s. tinge, taint, defilement. Take, v. to receive, to accept, to lay hold of, to seize, to catch, to obtain ; to appre- hend, to suppose. Ta'ker, 5. one who takes. Ta'king, a. engaging, pleasing : s. seizure. Ta'kingness, s. quality of being engaging. Tal'bot, s. a sort of hunting dog. Talc, s. a kind of fossil stone. Tal'cous, Talck'y, a. of the nature of talc. Tale, s. a narrative, a slight story, a fable ; account, reckoning. Ta'lebearer, s. a tell-tale, a mischief-maker. Ta'lebearing, s. officious information. Ta'leful, a. abounding in stories. Tal'ent, s. an ancient weight and coin; a na- tural gift or endowment; eminent ability. Tal'ented, a. possessing a natural gift or en- dowment ; eminent ability. Ta'les, [Lat.] 5. persons chosen to supply the place of absent or challenged jurors. Ta'le-teller, 5. one who tells tales. Tal'ion, s. the law of retaliation. Tal'isman, s. a magical figure. Talisman'ic, a. magical. Talk, s. oral conversation ; rumour. Talk, v. to speak, to converse, to prate. Talk'ative, a. full of prate, loquacious. Talk'ativeness, s. loquacity, garrulity. Talk'er, s. one who talks; a prattler, a lo- quacious fellow, a boaster. Talk'ing, s. the act or power of speaking. Talk'ing, a. giving to talking, loquacious. Tall, a. high in stature, lofty ; in old authors, bold, brave, spirited. Tal'la^e, s. impost; excise. Tal'iage, v. to lay on an impost. Tall'ness, s. height of stature, procerity. Tal'low, s. the fat of beasts melted, suet. Tal'low, v. to smear with tallow. Tal'low-candle, s. a candle made of tallow. Tal'low-chandler, s. one who makes and sells tallow candles. Tal'low-faced, a. having a sickly complexion. Tal'lowish, a. having the nature of tallow. Tal'lowy, a. of the nature of tallow, greasy. Tal'ly, s. a stick cut or notched in conform- ity with another stick, used in keeping accounts ; any thing made to suit another. Tal'Jy, v. to agree with, to be suitable. Tal'mud, s. the book containing the Hebrew or Jewish traditions. Talmud'ic, Tahnud'ical, Talmudis'tic, a. pertaining to the Talmud. Tal'mudist, s. one versed in the Talmud. Tal'on, s. the claw of a bird of prey. Ta'mable, a. that may be tamed. Ta'mableness, s. quality of being tamable. Tam'arind, s. an acid Indian fruit. Tam'arisk, s. a flowering tree. Tam'bour, s. a tambourine ; a frame resem- bling a drum or tambourine, on which a kind of embroidery is worked. Tam'bour, v. to embroider with a tambour. Tambouri'ne, s. a tabour or kind of drum. Tame, a. not wild, domestic; spiritless. Tame, v. to domesticate ; to subdue. Ta'meless, a. wild, untamed. Ta'mely, ad. not wildly; without spirit. Ta'meness, s. gentleness ; want of spirit. Ta'mer, s. one that tames or subdues. Tam'per, v. to try a person's temper with th6 view of practising upon it ; to meddle with. Tam'pering, *. the act of meddling with. Tam'tam, s. a large flat drum used by the Hindoos or Indians. Tan, s. the bark of the oak prepared for the operation of tanning: v. to impregnate with tan ; to make tawny. Tang. s. a strong taste or relish. Tan'gent, *. a right line which touches a circle so as not to cut it. Tan'gible, a. perceptible by the touch. Tangihil'ity, s. quality of being tangible. Tan "gle, .v. a knot of things interwoven ; a kind of sea-weed. Tan"gle, v. to entangle to implicate, to embarrass, to embroil. Tan'ist, s. formerly a kind of captain or governor in Ireland. Tank, s. a reservoir of water; a large basin. Tank'ard, s. a drinking vessel with a lid. Tan'ncr, s. one who tans hides for leather. Tan'nery, s. a house or place for tanning in. Tan'nin, s. the bark, or any astringent ingre- dient used in lieu of bark for tanning. Tan'ning, 5. the process of preparing leather with tan or bark. Tan'-pit, s. a pit for a tanner's work. Tan'sy, s. the name of a plant. Tan'talism, *. torment like that to whieb Tantalus was subjected. Tantaliza'tion, *. act of tantalizing. Tan'talize. v. to torment with false hopes. Tan'talizer, s. one who tantalizes. Tantamount, a. equivalent, equal. Tantiv'y, ad, with haste, with full speed. Tan'vard, s . a place for tanning in. 03 TAP 298 TAX Tap, s. a gentle blow : v. to strike gently. Tap, s. a pipe for drawing liquor from a cask : v. to pierce a cask and insert a tap. Taps, s. a narrow fillet of linen. Ta'per, s. a wax candle, a light. Ta'per, Ta'pering, a. narrowed towards the point, conical; long and slender: v. to grow or make smaller towards the point. Ta'pemess, s. the state of being taper. Tap'estry, s. cloth woven with figures, lap'estry, v. to adorn witn tapestry. Ta'pe-worm, s. ati intestinal worm. Tap'-house, Tap'-room, s. a house or place where beer is sold. Tapio'ca, s. a glutinous substance made from the root of the cassavi plant. Ta'pir, s. a quadruped of South America, somewhat like a large hog. Tap'is, a", tapestry, which formerly covered the table in a council-chamber ; and hence, "'in the tapis, "meansunder consideration. Tap'lash, s. poor beer; dregs. Tap'-root, s. the principal stem of a root. Tap'ster, s. one who draws beer, a waiter. Tar. s. liquid pitch ; a sailor. Tar. v. to smear over with tar. 'ia-ran'tula, s. a venomous insect (found at Tarentum) whose bite is believed to be cured by music. Tar'iiily, ad. slowly, sluggishly. Tar'diness, s. slowness, sluggishness. Tar'dity, s. tardiness. Tar'dy, a. slow, sluggish, late. Tare, s. a weed that grows among com. Tare, s. an allowance in weight. Targe, s. a kind of buckler or shield. Tar'get, s. a small buckler; a shield set up to lie shot at as a mark. Tar'geted, a. armed with a target. Targeteer', s. one armed with a target. Tar 'gum, s. a paraphrase of the Scripture in the Chaldaic language. Tar'iff, s. a cartel of commerce, or a table of duties or customs in goods exported and imported. Tarn, s. a bog, a fen, a marsh. Tarnish, v. to sully, to soil, to lose lustre. Tarpaulin, s. tarred canvass ; a sailor. Tar'riance, s. stay, deiay, sojourn. Tar'rier, s. one that tarries. Tar'ry, v. to stay, to wait for, to loiter. Tarr'y, a. like tar ; daubed with tar. Tar'sel, s. a kind of hawk. Tar'sus. 5. that part of the foot to which the leg is articulated. Tart, a. acid, sour; sharp, severe. Tart. s. a small fruit-pie. Tar'tan, s. a kind of woollen stuff, checked with stripes of various colors. Tar'tane, s. a Mediterranean coasting vessel. Tar'tar, s. an acid salt, deposited from fer- mented wines. Tar'tar, s. a native of Tar car y. Tarta'nan, Tarta'reous, a. hellish, infernal. Tartar'ic, a. of tartar, as tartaric acid. Tar'tarin, s. fixed vegetable alkali. Tartariza'tion, s. the act of forming tartar. Tar'tar, ze, v. to impregnate with tartar. Tar'tarous, a. consisting of tarrar. Tart'ish, a. somewhat 1 art ; rather sour. Tart'ly, ad. sourly, sharply, severely. Tart'ness, s. acidity, sharpness: ill-nature. Tar'tuffe, s. a pretended saint, a hypocrite, (like the character drawn by Moliere. ) Tar'tuffish, a. formal, precise. Task, s. something set to be done or studied, a certain amount of business or work im- posed ; burdensome work. Task, v to impose something to be done. Task'ma3ter, jr. one who imposes ta~>ks. Tas'sel, s. a tierced or male hawk. Tas'sel, .?. a pendent ornament ending in loose threads. Tas'seled, a. adorned with tassels. Ta'stable, a. that may be tasted. Taste, v. to perceive by the tongue and pa- late ; to try by a small mouthful ; to try the relish cf : to enjoy. Taste, s. the act of tasting; the senseby which the relish or flavour of a thing is perceived ; flavour ; a small portion as a specimen ; in- tellectual relish or discernment; nice per- ception ; judgment. Ta'sted, p. and a. having a particular relish. Ta'steful, a. savoury, having good taste. Ta'stefully, Ta'stily, ad. with good taste. Ta'steless, a. insipid, having no taste. Ta'stelessness, s. insipidity; want of relish. Ta'ster, s. one who tastes; a dram-cup. Ta'sty, a. exposed or done so as to show in- tellectual relish ; ornamental. Tat'ter, v. to tear, to rend : s. a rag. Tatterdema'lion, s. a ragged fellow. Tat'tered, a. rent, torn, hanging in rags. Tat'tle, v. to prate, to talk idly. Tat'tler, s. an idle talker, a prater. Tattoo', s. the beat of drum by which sol- diers are warned to quarters. Tattoo', v. to puncture the skin, and stain the parts with marks or devices. Taunt, s. a gibe, a scoff, a reproach. Taunt, v. to gibe, to scoff, to reproach. Taunt'er, s. one who taunts or gibes. Taunt'ingly, ad. in a gibing manner. Tauricor'nous, a. having horns like a hull. Tau'rus, s. the seeond sign in the zodiac. Tautolo"gical, a. repeating the same tiling. Tautol'ogist, s. one who uses tautology. Tautol'ogize, v. to use tautology. Tautol'ogy, s a repetition of the same words, or of the same meaning. Tautoph'ony, s. sameness in sound. Tav'prn, s. a house where wine is sold. Tav'erner, s. a tavern-keeper. Tav'erning, s. a feasting at taverns. Tavern-keeper, s. the master of a tavern. Taw, v. to dress white leather. Taw, s. a marble to play with. Taw'drily, ad. in a tawdry mannei. Taw'drincss, s. finery without elegance. Taw'dry, s. a slight ornament. Taw'dry, a. ridiculously fine, or meanly showy: s. a gewgaw, a showy trifle. Taw'er, one that taws leather. Taw'ny, a. dark-yellow, like tbing3 tanned. Tax, s. an impost, a tribute, a charge, a rate ; censure : v. to impose a tax ; to lay to men's charge, to censure, to rate. Tax'able, a. that may be taxed. Taxa'tion, s. the act of taxing ; imDOst. Tax'cr, s. one who taxes. Tax'ing, s. the act of imposing a taa. TEA 299 TEN Tea, s. a Chinese shrub and its leave;;; a liquor or decoction made from the leaves. Toa'board, s. a board for teacups, &e. Tea'-canister, s. a box in which tea is kept. Teach, v. to instruct, to inform, to show. Teach'able, a. easy to be taught, docile. Teach'ableness, s. docility. Teach'er, s. an instructor ; a preacher. Teaching, s. the act of instructing. Tea'oup, s. a small cup to drink tea from. Tea'-dealer, s. one who vends tea. Teague, s. an old contemptuous name for an Irishman. Teak, s. a valuable timber-tree growing in India, and other Eastern countries, and excellent for ship-building. Teal, j. a wild fowl of the duck kind. Team, s. two or more horses or oxen yoked together : v. to join in a team. Tea'pot, s. a vessel to make tea in Tear, s. water from the eye. Tear, v. to rend in pieces : s. a fissure. Tear'er, s. one who rends or tears. Te'arful, a. weeping, full of tears. Te'arless, a. without tears. Tease, v. to comb wool ; to annoy, to vex. Tea'sel, s. a kind of thistle used in teasing or dressing cloth. Teas'er, s. one that teases. Tea'spoon, s. a small spoon used at tea. Teat, s. the dug of an animal. • Tea'- tree, s. the plant that produces tea. Tech ily, ad. peevishly; frowardly. Tech'iness, s. peevishness; frowardness. Tec'hnical, a. pertaining to art ; belonging to a particular profession. Technicality, s. a technical expression. Technically, ad. in a technical manner. Technology, s. a discourse upon arts. Tech'y. a. touchy, peevish, captious. Tectonic, a. pertaining to building. Ted, v. to spread newly-mown grass. Te'dious, a. wearisome; irksome; slow. Te'diously, ad. so as to weary. Te'diousness, s. slowness; wearisomeness. Te'dium, s. wearisomeness, distaste. Teem, v. to bring forth young; to be preg- nant; to be full of; to produce. Teem'ful, a. pregnant, prolific, brimful. Teem'less, a. unfruitful, not prolific. Tecn-s, s. the years between twelve and twenty, or from thirteen to nineteen. Teeth, s. pi. of Tooth : v. to breed teeth. Teeth'ing, s. the operation or process of the first growth of teeth. Teg'ular, a. pertaining to or like a tile. Teg'ument, a-, a cover, the outward part. Tegumen'tary, a. pertaining to teguments. Teil. s. the linden or lime-tree. Teint, s. See Tint. Tc'lary, a. spinning webs. Tel'egraph, .?. a machine for the rapid con- veyance of intelligence by signals. Telegraphic, a. conveyed by telegraph. Teleol'ogy. s. the science of final causes. Tel'escqpe, s. an optical glass or instrument used for viewing distant objects. Xfeleseop'io, Telescop'ioal, a. pertaining to, or only seen through a telescope. Tol'esm. .1. a talisman, a magical charm. Telesmat'ical, a. talismanic. Teles'tic. .?. a poem, in which the final let- ters of the lines make up a name. Tell, v. to make known by words, to utter, to relate, to inform ; to count, to number. Tell'er, s. one who tells or counts. Tell'tale. s. an officious talebearer. Tell'tale, a. babbling; telling tales. Tellu'rium, s. a bluish-white metal, soft, brittle, and easily pulverized. Temera'rious, a. rash ; heedless. Temera'rious} y, ad. rashly; without heed. Temerity,*, rashness; heedlessness. Tem'per. s. disposition of mind; moderation ; due mixture of contrary qualities ; state of a metal as to hardness. Tem'per, v. to mix so that one part qualifies the other; to moderate, to mollify; to form to a proper degree of hardness. Tem'parament, s. constitution ; a medium Temperamental, a. constitutional. Tem'perance, s. moderation ; sobriety. Tem'perate, a. moderate, calm, sober. Tem'perately, ad. moderately, calmly. Tem'perateness, s. state of being temperate. Tem'perative, a. having power to temper. Tem'perature, s. constitution of nature ; state as regards heat or cold. Tem'pered, a. disposed with regard to the passions; hardened by fire. Tem'pest, s. a violent wind ; a commotion. Tempestivlty, s. seasonableness. Tempestlve, a. seasonable. Tempestlvely, ad. seasonably. Tem'pest-tost, a. driven about by storms. Tempest'uous, a. stormy, boisterous. Tempest'uously, ad. turbulently. Tempest'uousness, s. the being tempestuous. Tem'plar, s. a student in the law. Tem'ple, s. a building for religious worship. Tem'ple, s. the upper part of the side of the head where the pulse is felt. Tem'ple, v. to appropriate a temple to. Tem'plet, a\ a sort of rafter. Tem'poral, a. relating to time, not eternal ; secular, not spiritual. Temporality, a\ a secular possession. Tem'porally, ad. for a time; with respect to this life only. Tem'porals, s.pl. temporalities. Tem'poralty, .?. the laity ; also, atemporality. Tempora'neous, a. temporary. Temporarily, ad. for a time only. Tem'porariness, s.. the being temporary Tcm'porary. a. lasting only for a time. Temporiza'tion, s. the act of temporizing Tem'porize, v. to comply with the times or occasions; to delay. Tem'porizcr. s. one who temporizes. Tempt, v. to entice to ill ; to provoke. Tempt'ahle, a. liable to be tempted. Ternpta'tion, s. act of tempting : state of be- ing tempted ; that which tempts. Tempta'tionless, a. having no temptation. Tempt'er, s. one who entices to evil. Tempting, a. enticing, alluring. Temptingly, ad. so as to tempt or entico. Tempt'ress, s. she that tempts or entices. Tem'ulency, s. inebriation, intoxication. Tem'ulent, a. intoxicated, inebriated. Ten, s. the decimal number, twice five Tenable, a. that may be held or maintained. TEN 300 TEE Tena'cious, a. holding fast; retentive; ad- hesive; obstinate. Tena'ciously, ad. in a tenacious manner. Tena'ciousness, s. quality of being tenacious. 3ena"city. s. tenaciousness. Ten'ancy, s. a holding or possession of lands or tenements. Ten'ant, v. to hold as a tenant. Ten'ant, s. one who holds or rents lands or tenements of another. Ten'antable, a. that may be tenanted. Ten'antless, a. unoccupied, unpossessed. Ten'antry, s. tenants on an estate. Tench, s. a river or pond fish. Tend, v. to stretch ; to move in a certain direction ; to aim at, to contribute to. Tend, v. to attend ; to watch, to guard. Teu'dance, s attendance, a waiting upon. Ten'dency, s. direction towards, drift. Ten'der, a. soft, delicate, easily pained or injured; young, gentle, compassionate, kind, careful not to hurt; susceptible of the softer passions, amorous. Ten'der, s. (put for Attended a small vessel attending on a larger one. Ten'der, v. (to extend the arm) to present for acceptance, to offer ; to hold in price as a thing offered ; to esteem. Ten'der. s. an offer or proposal. Ten'der-hearted, a. compassionate, kind. IVn'derimg, *- a fondling; the tender or first horns of a deer. Ten'derly, ad. gently, mildly, kindly. Ten'demess, S-. the state or quality of being tender; kindness. Tcn'dinous, a. sinewy, containing tendons. Tcn'con, s. a sinew, a ligature of joints. Ten'dril, s. the spiral or clasping shoot of a vine or other climbing plant. Ten'dril, a. clasping as a tendril. Tene'brious, Ten'ebrotis, a. dark; gloomy. Tenebro.s'ity, s. darkness ; gloom. Ten'ement. s. any thing held by a tenant. Tenemem'al, a. to be held by certain tenure ; usually let out. Tenemen'tavy, a. usually let or leased out. Ten'et, s. an opinion; a principle. Ten'fold, a. ten times increased. Ten'nis, s. a play with, a racket and ball. Ten'on, .». the end of a piece of wood cut so as to be inserted into another piece. Teu'or, s. (a holding on) a continued course ; general course or drift of meaning, pur- port; a part in music; a kind of violin. Tense, a. stretched, not lax. Tense, s. a term in grammar denoting time. Ten'seness, s. the state of being tense. Tensibil'ity, s. quality of being tensiblei Ten'sible, a. capable of being extended. Ten'sile, a. tensible. Ten'sion. s. the act of stretching; the state of being stretched. Ten'sive, a. giving a sensation of stiffness. Ten'sor, s. a muscle that extends a part. Ten'sure. s. t'';e act of stretching; tension. Tent, *. a temporary habitation made of canvass stretched on poles ; any temporary I habitation ; a partition ; a roll of lint put into a sore and stretching it. Tent, v. to lodge as in a tent ; to search as | with a medical tent; to probe. i Tentac'ula, [Lat.} s. the feelers of an insect, Tenta'tion, s. trial, temptation. Ten'tative, a. trying, essay ing. Tent'ed, a. covered with tents. l'en'ter, s. an iron hook to stretch cloth on * frame : v. to stretch by hooks. Ten'ter-ground, s. ground on which tenters- are erected for stretching cloth. Tenth, a. the ordinal often: s. a- tenth part. Tenth'ly, ad. in the tenth place. Ten'tory, 5. the awning of a tent. Tenu'ity, s. thinness, slenderness, exility. Ten'uous, a. thin, small, slender. Ten'ure, s. the manner or condition whereby tenements are held. Tep'id, a. moderately warm, lukewarm. Tepid'ity, s. lukewarmness. Te'por, [Lat.] s. a gentle or moderate heat;. lukewarmness. Te'raphim, s. household gods or images. Terce, s. See Tierce. Ter'cel,*. See Tiercel. Ter'ebinth, s. the turpentine tree. Terebin'thinate, Terebin'thine. a. consisting of or impregnated with turpentine. Ter'ebrate. v. to bore, to perforate. Torebra'tion, s. the act of boring. Tere'do, s. a worm that perforates ships. Tergem'inou.viousness. Toise, s. a French measure, about a fathom. Tokay', s. a wine from Tokay, in Hungary. To'ken, s. a mark, a sign, a remembrance. To'ken, t . to make known. Told. v. See the verb Tell. Tole, v. to draw by degrees; to allure. Tole'do, s. a sword of the finest temper, manufactured in Toledo, in Spain. Tol'erable, a. endurable : passable, fol'erableness, s. state of being tolerable. Tol'erably, ad. passably ; moderately well. Tol'erance, s. the act or power of enduring. Tol'erant, a. favorable to toleration. ToKerate, v. to allow by not hindering, to endure, to suffer ; to permit. Tol'eration, s. sufferance, permission; the act of tolerating ; allowance of that which is not approved. Toll, v. (in law) to vacate ; to annul. Toll, v. to sound a bell with solemn pauses: s. the sound of a bell that tolls. Toll, s. a tax paid for some liberty or privi- lege. : v. to pay or take toll. Toll'bar, s. a bar to stop vehicles where toll is to be paid. Toll'-booth, s. a custom-house; a prison. Toll'-bridge, s. a bridge where toll is i-aid. Toll'-dish, s. a vessel by which the toll of corn for grinding is measured. Toil'er, s. one who tolls. Toll'-gate, s. a gate where toll is taken. Toll'-gatherer, s. the officer that takes toll. Toll'-house, s. the office of the toll-gat herer. Toluta'tion, s. the act of ambling or pacing. Tom'ahawk, s. an Indian hatchet: v., to cut or kill with a tomahawk. Tomb, s. a sepulchre for the dead, a vault. Tomb, v. to bury, to entomb. Tom'bac, s. a white alloy of copper. Tomb'less, a. wanting^, tomb, unburied. Tom'boy, s. a romping girl. Tomb'stone, s. a stone laid over the dead. Tome, s. a volume ; a book. To-mor'row, s. the day following to-day. Tom'pion, s. the stopper of a cannon. Tomtit', s. a titmouse ; a small bird. Ton, s. a weight of 20 cwt. Ton, [Fr.] s. Uie fashion, the mode. Tone, s. originally tension, elasticity; sound as from a musical chord ; a note ; accent ; an affected sound in speaking ; a whine. Tone, v. to utter in an affected tone. To'ned, a. having a tone. To'neless, a. without tone. Tongs, s. a utensil to take up fire, &c. Tongue, s. the organ of speech in human beings ; speech, language ; a point or pro- jection of land. Tongue, v. to chide, to scold, to prato. Tongued, a. having a tongue. Tongue'less, s. speechless; unnamed. Tongue'tie, v. to render unable to speak. Totigue'tied, a. unable to speak freely. Ton'ic, a. producing tension, giving tone or strength ; relating to sounds: s. a tonic or strengthening medicine. To-night', s. this, or the approaching night. Ton'nage, *. the contents of a vessel mea- sured by the ton ; a duty on every ton. Ton'sile, a. that may be clipped. Ton'sil, s. one of the two round glands placed at the sides of the basis of the tongue. Ton'sure, s. the act of clipping or shaving hair ; the state of being shorn. Tonti'ne, s. a loan raised on life annuities, with the benefit of survivorship ; named from Tonti, the inventor. To'ny, s. a simpleton, in cant language. Too, ad. overmuch, more than enough ; also. Tool, s. any instrument of manual operation ; a person used as an instrument by another. Toot, v. to sound as a flute. Toot'er, s. one who plays upon a pipe. Tooth, s. one of the bones set in the jaw for mastication; taste, palate; any thing re- sembling a tooth, a prong, a tine; the prominent parts of a wheel by which they catch corresponding parts. Tooth, v. to furnish with teeth; to indent. Tooth'ache, *. a pain in the teeth. Tooth'-drawer, s. one whose business is to extract painful teeth, a dentist. Tooth-draw'ing, s. the actof extracting teeth. Toothed, a. having teeth ; like a tooth. Toothless, a. wanting or deprived of teeth. Tooth'pick, s. an instrument by which any thing is taken from between the teeth. Tooth'some, a. palatable. Tooth'someness, s. palatableness. Top, s. the highest part; the surface; the highest place ; the utmost degree. Top, v. to rise above, to surpass ; to tip re- cover the top ; to crop, or take the top off. Top, s. a boy's plaything. To'paz, s. a yellow gem. Tope, v. to drink hard or to excess. To'per, s. a hard drinker, a sot, a drunkard. Top'full, a. full to the brim or top; any thing elevated or splendid. Top-gal'lant, a. very high, elevated, splen- did, (usually applied to that part of the mast of a ship which is higher than the T< p-mast.) Topha'ceous, a. gritty, stony, sandy. Top-heav'y, a. having the upper part too weighty for the lower: tipsy. Top'ic, s. a subject of discourse: a genera] head, a principle or ground of persuasion, Top'ical, a. local, confined to some place. TOP 307 TOW Top'ically, ad. in a topical manner. Top'knot, s. a knot worn on the head. Top'Iess, a. having no top ; supreme. Top'mast, s. the next above the lower mast. Top'most, a. uppermost, highest. Topog'rapber, s. a writer of topography. Topograph'ic, Topograph'ical, a. describing particular places. Topog'raphy, s. a description of particular places, as of a parish, town, manor, &c. Topped, r covered on the top. Top'ping, a. fine, gallant, in cant language. Top'ple, v. to fall as from a top or height, to fall forward, to tumble down. Top'sail, s. the sail on the topmast. Topsaw'yer, s. the upper sawyer. Topsy-tur'vey, ad. with the bottom upwards. Toque, [Fr.] s. a kind of head-dress. Torch, s. a large light, a flambeau. Torch'-bearer, *. one who carries a torch. Torch'er, s. one that gives light. Torch'-light, s. the light of a torch. TorchVort, s. the name of a plant. Tore, s. the dead grass in winter. Tor'ment, s. any thing that tortures or gives pain ; an annoyance. Tor'ment, v. to torture, to put to extreme pain ; to annoy, to tease. Tormen'ter, s. one who torments. Tor'mentil, s. the name of a plant. Torna'do, s. a hurricane, a whirlwind. Torpe'do, s. an electric fish whose touch be- Tjumbs or renders torpid. Tor'pent, a. benumbed, motionless. Torpes'cence, s. a state of torpidity. Torpes'cent. a. becoming torpid. Tor'pid, a. benumbed; sluggish, inactive. Torpid'ity, s. the state of being torpid. Tor'pidness, s. the state of being torpid. Tor'pitude, s. numbness; sluggishness. Tor'por, s. numbness ; sluggishness. Torrefac'tion, s. the act of drying by fire. Tor'refy, v. to dry by fire, to scorch. Tor'rent, S. a foaming or impetuous river. Tor'rent, a. rolling or rushing as a torrent. Tor'rid, a. violently hot, parched. Tor'ridness, S- the state of being torrid. Torse, s. a wreath, in heraldry. Tor'sel, s. any thing in a twisted form. Tor'sion, s. the act of turning or twisting. Tort, s. mischief, injury, wrong. Tor'tile, a. twisted, coiled. Tor'tive, a. twisted, wreathed. Tor'tion, s. torment; pain. Tor'tious, a. injurious, doing wrong. Tor'toise, s. an animal covered with a very hard twisted-like shell. Tor'toise-shell, s. the shell of the tortoise. Tortuos'ity, s. the state of being tortuous ; a wreath, a flexure. Tor'tuous, a. twisted, winding ; injurious. Tor'tuousness, s. state of being tortuous. Tor't.ire, s. extreme pain, as inflicted by the wheel or rack ; torment, anguish. Tor'ture, v. to punish with tortures; to put to extreme pain, to torment. Tor'tuver, s. one who tortures. Tor'turingly, ad. so as to torture. To'rus, s. a large round moulding. Tor'vity, s. severity of countenance. Tor'vous, a. sour of aspect, stern. To'ry, s. one of that party who advocate the ancient constitution of England in Church and State; in politics, opposed to Whig. To'ryism, s. the principles of a Tory. Toss, s. the act of tossing ; an affected man- ner of raising the head. Toss, v. to throw with the hand ; to throw with violence ; to agitate ; to tumble over; to be in commotion. Toss'er, s. one who throws or flings. Toss'ing, s. a violent commotion. Toss'-pot, s. a toper, a drunken fellow. To'tal, a. whole, full, complete: s. the whole. Total'ity, s. the whole sum or quantity. To'tally, ad. wholly, fully, completely. Tot'ter, v. to shake so as to threaten a fall ; to stagger; to reel. Touch, s. the sense of feeling; the act of touching ; the stroke of a pencil or pen ; test, proof. Touch, v. to perceive by the sense of feeling ; to come in contact with; to handle slightly; to move or affect. Touch/able, a. that may be touched. Toueh'-hole. s. a small hole in fire-arms. Touch'iness, s. peevishness, irascibility. Touch'ing, prep, with regard to. Touch'ing, a. pathetic, affecting, moving. Touch'ingly, ad. with feeling emotion. Touch'-needle, s. a test for proving metals. Touch'stone, s. astoneto prove metals; a test. Touch' wood, s. rotten wood used for tinder. Tovich'y, a. peevish, irritable, cross. Tough, a. stiff, not brittle ; tenacious, vis- cous ; strong, firm. Tough'en, v. to grow or make tough. Tough'ly, ad. in a tough manner. Tough'ness, s. quality of being tough. Toupee', Toupe't, s. a kind of peruke ; an artificial lock of hair ; a curl. Tour, s. a ramble, an excursion, a journey. Tour'ist, s. one who makes a tour. Tour'maline, A', a kind of siliceous stone. Tourn, s. a court-Jeet held by the sheriff. Tour'nament, *. a tilt, a mock encounter. Tour'ney, *. a tilt, a tournament. Tour'noy, v. to tilt in the lists. Tour'niquet, 5. a surgical instrument used in amputations to cheek hemorrhage. Touse, v. to haul, to pull, to drag, to tear. Tow, s. the coarse part of flax. Tow, v. to pull or draw along by a rope, particularly through water. To'wago, s. the act of, or charge for towing. To'ward, To'wards, prep, in a direction or with tendency to ; near to ; with respect to: ad. nearly, at hand. To'ward, a. not froward, compliant, docile. To'wardliness, s. compliance, docility. To'wardly, a. toward, compliant, docile. To'wardness, s. docility, aptness. Tow'el, s. a cloth for wiping the hands. Tow'er, s. a high building; a building raisexl above the main edifice ; a fortress. Tow'er, v. to fly or raise his;h. to soar Tow'ered, a. adorned or defended by towers. Tow'ering, a. very high, elevated. Tow'ery, a. adorned or guarded with towers. To'w-line, s. the rope used in towing. Town, s. a collection of houses larger than a village ; the inhabitants of a town. TOW 308 TEA Town'-clerk, 5. an officer who manages the public business of a corporate town. Town-erier, a 1 , an officer in a town, whose business is to make proclamations. Town'-housc, s. a hall for public business. Town'ship, s. the district belonging to a town; a corporation. Towns'man, s. one of the same town. Town-talk', s. the common talk of a place. Tox'ical, a. poisonous, containing poison. Toxicol'ogy, s. a dissertation on poisons. Toy, s. a plaything, a bauble, a trifle. Toy, v. to play, to dally amorously ; to trifle. Toy'er, s. one who toys or trifles. Toy'ful, a. full of trifling play. Toy'ish, a. fond of toying, trifling. Toy'ishness, s. quality of being toyish. Toy'man, s. a seller of toys. Toy'shop, s. a shop where toys are sold. Trace, s. a mark left by any thing passing: a track, a footstep, a vestige, an impres- sion ; that part of the harness which draws along the vehicle. Trace, v. to follow by the footsteps; to fol- low with exactness; to delineate. Tra'ceable, a. that may be traced. Tra'cer, s. one that traces. Tra'cery, s. ornamental stone-work. Tra'ehea, s. the windpipe. Tra'cheal, a. pertaining to the windpipe. Tra'chvte, s. a species of volcanic rock. Tra'cing, s. course, path, regular track. Track, s. a mark left by something that has passed ; a trace, a beaten path. Track, v. to follow by the footsteps or marks left in the way ; to tow. Track'less, a. having no track; untrodden. Tract, s . something drawn out or extended, as a tract of country, a tract or region of the heavens ; a treatise ; a pamphlet. Traetabil'ity, s. tractableness. Trac'table, a. manageable, docile. Trac'tableness, s. manageableness, docility. Trac'tably, ad. in a tractable manner. Tracta'tion, *. discussion of a subject. Trac'tile. a. that may be drawn out. Tractil'ity, s. the quality of being tractile. Trac'tion, s. the act of drawing. Tracti"tious, a. treating of; handling. Trac/tive, a. having a drawing power. Trac'tor, s. that which has a tractive power. Trade, .v. traffic, commerce, an occupation or employment ; handicraft. Trade, v. to traffic, to buy and sell, to deal. Tra'ded, a. versed, practised. Tra'dcful, s. busy in traffij, commercial. Tra'der, s. a merchant, a dealer. Tra'desf'olk, s. people employed in trade. Tra'desman, s. a shopkeeper, a dealer. Tra'de-wind, s. the periodical wind between the Tropics, of which ships engaged in trade take the advantage. Tra'ding, a. carrying on commerce: s. the act of carrying on trade or commerce. Tradi"tion, s. oral account from age to age. Traditional, Traditionary, a. descending by oral communication ; unwritten. Traditionally, ad. by tradition. Tradi"tionist, Tradftioner, s. one who ad- heres to tvadition. Trad'itive, a. transmitted from age to age. Tradu'ce, v. to defame, to vilify, to slander. Tradu'cement, 5. obloquy, calumny. Tradu'cer. s. a slanderer, a calumniator. Tradu'cible, a. that may be derived. Tradu'cingly, ad. slanderously. Traduc'tion, s. derivation, transmission. Traduc'tive, a. derivable, deducible. Traffic, s. commerce, large trade. Traffic, v. to practise commerce ; to act from mercenary or mean motives. Traf'fi cable,' *. marketable. Trafficker, s. a trader, a merchant. Trag'acanth, s. a sort of plant, goafs thorn. Trage'dian, j. a writer or actor of tragedy. Tra"gedy,5.a drama representing the stronger passions of our nature, and the woes and misfortunes of life; any fatal or dreadful occurrence or event. Tra"gic, Tra"gieal, a. relating to tragedy; mournful, fatal, calamitous. Tra"gically, ad. in a tragical manner. Tnf'gicalness, s. calamitousness. Tragi-com'edy, s. a drama compounded of serious and humorous events. Tragi-conf ical, a. relating to tragi-eomody. Tragi- com'ically, ad. in a manner partly tragical and partly comical. Trail, v. to draw along the ground; to hunt by tracking: s. any thing drawn in length or behind; the track followed by a hunter. Train, v. to draw along, to draw; to entice, to allure; to bring up, to educate, to dis- cipline, to exercise or form by exercise. Train, .$. that which is drawn after, or comes after; the part of a dress which falls on the ground ; a retinue or suite; a proces- sion ; a series ; a line of gunpowder ; an artifice or stratagem. Train of artillery, s. the cannon and mortars accompanying an army. Train'abie, a. that may be trained. Train'bands, s. a body of men trained to act as soldiers, the militia. Train'-bearer, s. one that holds up a train. Train'er, s. one who trains up or instructs, an instructor. Train 'ing, s. the act of forming to any exer- cise by practice. Train'-oil, s. oil drawn from the fat of whales. Trait, s. a characteristic or feature. Trai'tor, s. one who betrays his trust ; one guilty of treason. Trai'torly, a. perfidious, treacherous. Traitor'ous, a. guilty of treason; treacherous. Traf torously, ad. in a traitorous manner. Trai'torousness, s. treachery, perfidiousness. Trai tress, j. a woman who betrays. Tra.jecf, v. to east through; to throw. Traj'ect, s. a ferry, a passage over. Trajee'tion, s. the act of darting through. Trajec'tory, *. the orbit of a comet. Trala'tion. s. a change in the use of a word. Tralati"tious, a. not literal, metaphorical. Tralati"tiously, ad. metaphorically. Tralin'eate, v. to deviate, from any direction. Train 'cent, a. clear, translucent. Tram'mel, s. a drag-net; a kind of shackles in which horses are taught to pace ; an impediment. Tram'mel, v. to shackle ; to impede, to con- fine, to hamper. TEA 309 TEA Tramm'tane, a. living beyond the Alps, (and. according to the opinions of the Ita- lians.) barbarous, foreign, strange: s. a foreigner, a barbarian. Trainji. v. to travel on foot. Tramp, Tramp'er, s. a stroller, a beggar. Tram pie, v. to tread under foot; to treat contemptuously ; to oppress: s. the act of trampling. Tram'pler, s. one that tramples. Tram'-road, s. a slight railway for small waggons. Trance, s. a state in ■which the soul seems to have passed out of the body ; an ecstasy. Tranced, a. lung in a trance. Tran'nel. s. a sharp pin. Tran'quil. a. calm, quiet, peaceful. Tranq.uil'lity, s. calmness; peace of mind. Tran'quillize, v. to render tranquil. # Tran'quilly, ad. in a tranquil manner. Tran'quilness, s. tranquillity. Transact', v. to manage, to conduct, to ne- gotiate, to perform, to carry on. Transaction, s. the act of conducting ; the thing transacted ; an affair. Transactor, s. one who conducts affairs. Transalpine, a. situate beyond the Alps. Xransan'imate, v. to animate by the change of a soul from one body to- another. Transanimation, s. transmigration of the soul from one body to another. Transatlantic, a. beyond the Atlantic. Transcend', v. to go beyond, to surmount, to surpass, to excel. Transcen'donce, Transcen'dency, s. superior excellence, supcreminence. Transceri'deiit, a. supremely excellent. Transcenden'tal, a. supereminent. Transoen'deiitly, ad. supereminently. Transcend'entness, j. superior excellence. Trans'colate. v. to strain as through a sieve or colander. Transcribe, v to write over again, to copy. Transcriber, s. one who transcribes. Tran'script, s. a copy from an original. Transcrip'tioji, s. the act of copying. Transcri p'tively, ad. in manner of a copy. Transcur', v. to run or rove to and fro. Transcur'rence, s. a running to and fro. Transcur'sion, s. a rambling or roving. Transduc'tioii, s. the act of leading over. Transelementa'tion. s. a change of the ele- ments of one body into another. Tran'sept. s. the aisle of a church crossing the nave and main aisles. Transfer', s. to carry or convey from one place or person to another ; to remove, to make over. Tran'sfer, s. conveyance to another ; removal. Transferable, a. that may be transferred. Transferee,', s. he to whom a transfer is made. Trans'ference, s. the transferring or making over a thing to another. Transferrer, s. one who transfers. Transfigura'tion, s. change of form; the miraculous change of Christ's appearance on the mount. Transfig'ure, v. to change the form or figure. Transfix', v. to pierce through. Transform', v. to change the form or figure, to metamorphose. Transformation, j. a change of form. Transfreta'tion, s. passage over the sea. Transfu 'so, v. to pour out of one into another. Transfu'sible, a. that may be transfused. Transfu'sion, s. the act of transfusing. Transgress', v. to pass' beyond; to violate a law ; to sin. Transgres'sion, s. a violation of a law, a sin. Transgres'sional, a. that transgresses. Transgres'sive, a. apt to transgress ; faulty. Transgres'sor, s. one that transgresses. Tranship', v. to remove or transfer from one ship to another. Tranship'ment, s. the transfer of goods from one ship to another. Tran'sient, a. not lasting ; momentary. Tran'siently, ad. in a transient manner. Tran'sientness, s. state of being transient. Transil'ience, Transil'iency, s. a leaping from one thing to another. Tran'sit, s. a passing: the passing of one heavenly body over the disc of another. Tran'sit-duty, s. duty paid on goods passing through a country. Transition, s. passage from one place or state to another ; change ; removal. Transi"tional, a. denoting transition. Tran'sitive, a. passing over ; in grammar, a transitive verb is one whose action passes over to the object. Tran'sitorily. ad. in a transitory manner. Tran 'sitoriness. s. the being transitory. Tran'sitory, a. passing away speedily. Transla'tablj. a. capable of being translated. Transla'te, v. to carry beyond; to render into another language ; to remove from one see to another. Translation, s. the act of translating; that which is translated ; a version. Translator, s. one who translates. Transla'tory, a. transferring. Transla'tress, s. a female translator. Translocation, s. removal of things recipro- cally to each other's places. Translu'cency, s. transparency, clearness. Translu'cent. s. transparent, clear. Translu'cid, a: transparent, clear. Transmari'no, a. lying beyond sea ; foreign. Transmew', v. to transmute, to change. Transmigrant, a. passing into another coun- try or state of existence. Trans'migrate, v. to pass from one country to another; to pass from one body or state of existence to another. Transmigration, s. the act of passing from one place or body into another. Trans'migrator, s. one who transmigrates. Transmi'gratory, a. passing from one place or state to another. Transniissibil'ity, s. the being transmissible, Transmis'sible, a. that may be transmitted. Transmis'sion, s. the act of transmitting. Transmis'sive, a. transmitted, sent. Transmit', v. to send from one person or place to another; to convey. Transmittal, S. the act of transmitting. Transmitter, s. one that transmits. Transmit'tible, a. that may be transmitted. Transmutabil'ity, S. the being transmutable. Transmu'table, a. that may be transmuted. Transm uta'tion, s. the act of transmuting. TEA 310 TRE Transmu'te, v. to change from one nature or substance to another. Transmu'tcr, s. one that transmutes. Tran'som, .y. a cross beam or bar as over a door or window. Transparency, s. transparentness. Transparent, a. that can be seen through, not opaque, pellucid, clear. Transparently, ad. so as to be seen through. Transpa'rentnesSi s. the state or quality of being transparent. Transpic'uous, a. pervious to the sight. Transpicr'ce, v. to pierce through. Transpi'rable, a. that can transpire. Trans piia't ion, s. emission in vapour. Transpi're. v. to be emitted as through the pores of the skin ; to escape from secrecy to notice; to become public. Transpla'ee, v. to put in a new place. Transplant', v. to plant into a new place. Transplantation, .?. the act of transplanting; Transplant'er, s. one that transplants. Transplen'drncy, s. very great splendor. Transplen-dent, a. exceedingly splendid. Transplen'dently, ad. with exceeding or very great splendor. Transport', v. to banish ; to put into ecstasy. Tran'sport. s. conveyance; a ship for convey- ing troops. &c. ; a felon sentenced to exile ; ecstasy, rapture. Transport'able, a. that may be transported; incurring or deserving transportation. Transport'ance, s. conveyance, carriage. Transportation, s. banishment for felony. Transport'edly, ad in a state of rapture. Transport'edness, s. state of rapture. Transporter, s. one that transports. Transporting, <7. enrapturing. Transport'ment, s. conveyance in ships. Transpo'sal, s. a transposition. Transpose, v. to change the place or order, by putting each in place of the other. Transposition, .y. the act of transposing. Transposi"tional, a. relating to transposition. Tnmspos'itive, a. made by or consisting in transposition. Transubstantiate, v. to change one substp.nce into another. Transubstantia'tion, s. change of substance, particularly of the elements of the eucha- rist into the real body and blood of Christ, as held by the Roman Catholic Church. Transudation, s. the act of transuding. Transu'datory, a. passing by transudation. Transu'de, v. to pass through the pores in vapour ; to sweat or perspire. Transu'me, v. to take from one to another. Transump'tion. s. the act of taking from one place to another. Transvec'tion, s. the act of convening over. Transver'sal, a. running or lying across. Transver'sally, ad. transversely. Transvcr'se, a. being or lying across : 5. the longer axis of an ellipse. Transvcr'se, v. to change, to overturn. Transvessel v, ad. in a cross direction. Transver'sioii, s. the act of turning trans- versely. Trap, a. an epithet implying stair-like or Step-like, applied to a kind of rocks: s. rocks of a columnar or stair-like form. Trap, s. an instrument for catching vermin or game; an ambush, a stratagem"; a. game at ball : v. to catch in a trap ; to take by stratagem . Trap, v. to adorn with trappings, to decorate. Trapan', v. to lay a trap for : to ensnare. Trapan'ner, 5. one who trapans. Trap-door', s. a door that closes like a valve. Trapes, s. an idle slatternly woman. Trapezoi'dal, a. shaped like a trapezoid. Trape'zium, s. a plane figure with four un- equal sides, and none of them parallel. Trapezoid'.*, a plane, and also a solid figure, in certain respects like a Trapezium. Trap'pings. s. ornaments, dress, finery. Trap'-stick, s. a stick for playing at trap. Trash, v. originally, to lop off the branches of trees: *. lopping of trees ; any waste or worthless matter ; refuse. Trash 'y, a. worthless, vile, useless. Traumat'ic, a. pertaining to, or applied to the healing of wounds, vulnerary: s. a vulnerary medicine. Trav'ail, v. to toil ; to be in labour. Trav'ail, 5. fatigue; labour in childbirth. Trave, Trav'is. s. a wooden frame for secur- ing horses while being shod. Trav'el, v. to make journeys, to pass, to walk, to go: S. a journey. Travelled, a. having been much abroad. Trav'eller. s. one who travels. Traversable, a. liable to legal objection. Trav'erse, ad. and prop, athwart, crosswise. Trav'erse, a. lying across or athwart. Trav'erse. v. to cross, to lay across or athwart. ; to obstruct, to (ippose in law ; to deny; to to i'ct. . in law, the person accused, a burlesque performance, to disguise by changing the dress ; diculous; to burlesque. sail across Traverser, i Trav'estv, s. Trav'esty.v. to make r Tray, s. a broad shallow trough of wood or metal, a large salver. Tray'-trip. s. a game played on a table. Treach'erous, a. faithless, perfidious. Treaeh'erously, ad. faithlessly, perfidiously. Treach'erousncss, s perfidiousness. Treachery, s. perfidy, breach of faith. Trea'cle, s. molasses, the spume of sugar. Tread, v. to set the foot, to step, to walk; to press under foot, to trample on : s. a step; a mode of stepping ; a track. Tread'er, s. one who treads. Tread'le, *. the part of a loom or other machine which is moved by tread or pres- sure of the foot. Tread'-mill, s. a mill kept in motion by per- sons treading on a wheel, used as a punish- ment for culprits. Trea'son, s. disloyalty to the sovereign or state; treachery: rebellion. Treasonable, a. of the nature of treason. Trea'sonaoleness, s. state or quality of being treasonable. Treasonably, ad. in a treasonable manner. Treasonous, a. guilty of treason. Treas'ure, s. hoarded wealth, riches ; store ; something highly valued. Treas'ure, v. to hoard, to lay up. Treas'urer, s. one who has charge of tho money of a prince, state, corporation, &c. TRE 311 TE1 Treasurership", s. office of treasurer. Treas'uress, s. a female who Las charge of any public fund. Treas'ury, jr. a place where money is kept, or stored; a repository for anything valuable. Treat, v. to handle or manage; to handle or discuss a subject; to negotiate ; to enter- tain: *. an entertainment; a pleasure. Treat'able, a. tractable, moderate. Treat'er, jr. the giver of an entertainment. Trea'tise, *. a written discourse, a forma! essay, a tract. Treat'ment, s. usage good or bad. Trea'ty, jr. an international compact. Treb'le, a. threefold, triple; sharp of sound : v. to make thrice as much : s. thfc highest or most acute part of the musical scale; the smallest ring of bells. Treb'ly, ad. in a threefold number. Tree, s. a vegetable or plant with a woody stem or trunk; any thins; branched out. Tro'foil, jr. a three-leaved grass, clover. Treillage, s. pales to support espaliers. Trel'lis, s. a lattice-work of wood, &c. Trel'lised, a. having trellises. Trem'ble, v. to shake as with fear or cold, to quake, to shudder; to vibrate. Troin'bler, s. one who trembles. Trem'bling, jr. a tremor, a shaking. Trem'blingly, ad. so as to shake or quiver. Tremen'dous, a. dreadful, awful, horrible. Tremen'dously, ad. horribly, dreadfully. Tremen'dousness, s. the state or quality of being tremendous. Trem'or, s. a trembling, a quivering. Trem'ulous, a. trembling; vibrating. Tiem'ulously, ad. with trepidation. Trem'ulousness, jr. the state of quivering. Tien, jr. a spear to strike fish with. Trench, s. a ditch ; a defence for soldiers. Trench, v. to cut ; to make a trench, to en- trench ; to encroach on : jr. a ditch ; a fosse. Tren'ehaiit, a. sharp, cutting, keen. Tren'cher, jr. one who cuts or trenches. Tren'chon any thing. Val'ue, s. worth, price, rate, importance : v. to rate at a certain price ; to rate or esteem highly. Val'ueless, a. being of no value. Val'uer, s. one that values. Valve, s. a covering which opens a commu- nication in one direction, and closes it in the other; a folding-door. Val'ved, a. having valves. Vamp, s. the upper leather of a boot or shoe : v. to mend with a new vamp ; to piece or patch up old things with something new. Vam'pire, s. an imaginary demon, said to suck human blood ; a kind ot bat. VAN 333 VEI Van, 5. the front line of an army. Van, t/. to fan, to winnow : s. a fan. Van, s. a light covered waggon. Van'-courier, s. an avant courier. Van'dal, 5. one of the Vandals ; a barbarian. Vandal'ic, a. resembling the Vandals. Van'dal ism, s. barbarity. Vandy'kc, s. a collar fo^ the neck with in- dentations and puints, as seen in the por- traits of Fan Dyck. Vane, s. a weather-cock. Van'-foss, s. a ditch outside the counterscarp. Van'guard, s. the first line of an army. Vanil'la, s. the name of a plant and nut. Van'ish, v. to disappear, to pass away. Van'ity, s. emptiness; idle show, ostenta- tion ; empty pride ; fruitless effort or end. Van'quish, v. to conquer, to subduo. Van'quishable, a. that may he overcome. Van'quish er, s. a conqueror, a victor. Van'tage, s. advantage, gain, superiority. Van'tage-ground, s. a place or state which gives advantage. Vant'brace, Vant'brass, s. a kind of armour for the arm. Vap'id, a. spiritless, dead, fiat, mawkish. Vap'idness, s. the state of being vapid. Vap'orate, v. See Evaporate. Vapora'tion, s. See Evaporation. Va'porous, a. full of vapours; fumy; windy. Va'pory, a. full of vapours; whimsical. Va'pour, s. an elastic fluid rendered aeriform by heat ; an exhalation ; steam ; fume ; wind, flatulence ; spleen, whim. Va'pour, v. to pass in vapour ; to emit fumes ; to brag, to bully. Va'pour-bath, s. the application of vapour to the body in a close place. Va'pourcr, s. a boaster ; a braggart. Va'pourish, a. full of vapours ; splenetic. Va'pours, s. pi. hysteric fits, spleen, whims. /are, s. a wand or staff of office. Ya'riablc, a. changeable, inconstant, fickle. Variableness, s. changeableness. Va'riably, ad. changeably. Va'riance, s. disagreement, dissension. Variation, s. change, difference, variation. Va'riegato, v. to stain or tinge with different colors ; to diversify. Variega'tion, s. a diversity of colors. Variety, s. diversity; difference; one of many different kinds. Variolous, a. pertaining to the small-pox. Va'rious, a. different, several, manifold, changeable, diversified. Va'riously, ad. with diversity. Var'let, s. a rascal ; formerly a valet. Var'k'try, s. the rabble, the populace. Var'nish, s. a glossy liquid substance. Var'nish, v. to cover with varnish ; to gloss over; to palliate. Var'nislier, s. one who varnishes. Va'ry, v. to change, to diversify, to alter. Vas'cular, a. consisting of vessels. Vascularity, s. state of being vascular. Vase, s. au ornamental vessel. Vas'sal, s. one who holds land of' a superior lord; a dependent; a slave. Vas'salage, 5. state or tenure of a vassal. Vast, a. great, extensive, enormous. Vast, s. an empty waste. Vast'ly, ad. greatly, to a great degree. Vast/ness, s. great extent, immensity. Vast'y, a. vast, very great. Vat, s. a brewer's working tub. Vat'ican, s. the palace of the Pope. Vat'icide, s. a murderer of a prophet or poet. Vati"cinal, a. containing prophecy. Vati"cinate, v. to prophesy, to foretell. Vaticina'tion, s. prediction, prophecy. Vaudeville, [Fr.] s. a street song, a popular ballad; a slight dramatic entertainment. Vault, s. a cellar or cave with a vaulted or arched entrance ; a repository for the dead : v. to make or cover with a vault; to leap in an arched or circular direction. Vault'age, s. an arched cellar. Vault'ed, a. arched, like an arch, concave. Vault'er, s. one who vaults, a tumbler. Vault'ing, s. leaping, tumbling. Vault'y, a. vaulted, arched. Vaunt, v. to boast, to brag : s. a boast. Vaunt-cou'rier, s. See Avant-courier. Vaunt'er, s. a boaster, a braggart. Vaunt'ful, a. boastful, ostentatious. Vaunt'ing, s. the act of boasting. Vaunt'ingly, ad. boastfully, ostentatiously. Vaunt'mure, s. a front or false wall. Vav'asour, s. one who held of a superior lord, and had others holding under him ; an ancient dignity next to a baron. Veal, s. the flesh of a calf killed. Vec'tor, s. a line supposed to be drawn from a planet to the centre of its orbit. Vec'ture, s. carriage, conveyance, removal. Ve'da, s. the name of the books which con- tain the religious tenets of the Hindoos. Vedet'te, s. a sentinel on horseback ; a sen- tinel in advance of an army. Veer, v. to turn about, to turn, to change. Veer'ing, s. the act of turning or changing. Vegetabil'ity, s. vegetable nature. Ve"getable, s. any kind of plant. Ve'getable, a. belonging to a plant ; having the nature of plants. Ve"gctal, a. having power to cause growth. Ve"getate, v. to grow as plants; to sprout out; to have growth without sensation. Vegeta'tion, s. the growth of plants ; vege- tables or plants in general or collectively. Ve"getative, a. having the power of growing, as plants ; producing growth in pla.nts. Ve"getativcness, s. the being vegetative. Vege'te. a. vigorous, active, lively. Ve"getive, a. having the nature of plants. Ve"getous, a. lively, spritely, vegete. Ve'hemence, Ve'hemency, s. ardour, fer- vour, eagerness, violence, force. Ve'hement, a. ardent, eager, violent. Ve'hemently, ad. forcibly, urgently. Ve'hicle, s. a carriage, a conveyance. Vehic'ular, a. belonging to a vehicle. Veil, s. a cover to conceal the face ; a cur- tain ; a disguise : v. to cover with a veil ; to cover ; to conceal. Vein, s. a vessel in animal bodies which re- ceives the blood from the arteries, and returns it to the heart ; in plants, a tube through which the sap is transmitted; an ore of metal in mines ; a streak or wave of different colors, as in marble; a ten- dency or turn of mind ; humour. VEI 334 VER Vein'ed, a. full of veins ; streaked. Vein'y, a. veined ; variegated. Velif'erous, a. carry in g sails. Velita'tion, s. a skirmish; a dispute. Velle'ity, s. the lowest degree of desire. Vel'licate, v. to twitch, topluck, to stimulate. Vellica'tion, s. a twitching or stimulating. Vel'lum, s. a fine kind of parchment. Velo"city, s. speed, swiftness of motion. Vel'vet, a. made of velvet; soft, delicate. Vel'vet, s. a rich silk stuff covered with a close soft nap. Velveteen', s. a kind of stuff made in imita- tion of velvet. Vcl'vety, a. made of velvet, or like velvet. Ve'nal, a. mercenary, prostitute. Ve'nal, a. pertaining to the veins, Venal'ity, s. mercenariness. Ven'ary,' a. relating to hunting. Venat'ic, Yenat'ical, a. used in hunting. Vena'tion, s. the act or practice of hunting. Vend, v. to sell, to offer for sale. Vendee', s. one to whom any thing is sold. Vend'er, s. one who sells goods. Vendibility, s. the state of being saleable. Vend'ible, a. saleable; that may be sold: v. any thing offered for sale. Vend'iblencss, s. state of being vendible. Vend'ibly, ad. in a vendible manner. Venditation, s. boastful display. Vendi"tion, s. the act of selling; a sale. Ven'dor, s. in law, a vender or seller. Veneer', s. slices of wood for veneering. Veneer', v. to inlay with thin wood, so as to give the appearance of veins. Veneer'ing, s. the art of covering common wood with thin boards of a finer sort. Venefi"cial, a. poisonous ; bewitching. Venefi"ciously, ad. by poison or witchcraft. Ven'emous, a. poisonous ; malignant. Ven'enate, v. to poison. Venena'tion, s. poison, venom. Vene'ne, Vene'nosc, a. poisonous, venomous. Venerabil'ity, s. quality of being venerable. Ver/erablc, a. worthy of veneration. Ven'erableness, s. state of being venerable. Vcn'erably, ad. so as to excite reverence. Ven'erate, v. to treat with veneration. Veneration, s. a reverend or awful regard. Ven'erator, s. one who venerates. Venereal, a. pertaining to Venus, pertain- ing to venery. Vene'reous, a. libidinous, lustful. Vcn'ery, s. the sport of hunting. Ven'ery, s. sexual intercourse. Venesec'tion, s. blood-letting, a bleeding. Ven'ey, s. a turn or bout in fencing, (a cor- ruption of the French Venex, Come on.) Venge, v. to avenge, to punish. Ven'geable, a. revengeful. Vengeance, s. punishment, revenge. Ven'gefui, a. vindictive, revengeful. Ven'gement, 5. avengement. Ve'nial, a. pardonable, excusable. Ve'nialness, s. state of being venial. Ven'ison, s. flesh of deer or beasts of chase. Ven'om, s. poison, poisonous matter ; spite. Ven'om, v. to poison, to envenom. Ven'omous, a. poisonous; malignant. Ven'omously, ad. poisonously ; malignantly. Ven'om ousn ess, s. poisonousness; malignity. Ve'nous, a. pertaining to the veins. Vent, s. a small aperture through which the air escapes, or any thing is let out ; aa opening, a passage; a discharge, a sale. v. to give a vent or opening to ; to let out, to emit; to seii. Vcnt'age, v. a small hole, as of a flute. Ven'tail, s. that part of ;; helmet lifted up for breathing. Vent'er, s. the abdomen or lower belly. Vtn'tiduct, s. a passage for the wind. Ven'tilate, v. to cool or refresh with air. Ventila'tion, s. the act of ventilating. Ven'tilator, s. an instrument for ventilating. Ventos'ity, s. windincss, flatulence. Ventral, a. belonging to the belly. Ven'tricle, s. any small cavity in an animal body, particularly of the heart. Ventril'oquism, Ventril'oquy, s. the art of speaking in such a way that the voic« seems to come, not from the speaker, but from some other place. This was supposed to be done by forming the articulations in the cavity of the chest or belly, and hence the name. Ventriloquist, s. apractiser of ventriloquism . Ventril'oquous, a. relating to ventriloquism. Ven'ture, s. a hazard ; the thing put to hazard, a stake: v. to run a hazard; to expose to hazard; to risk, to dare. Venturer, j. one who ventures. Venturesome, Ven'turous, a. daring, bold. Venturesomely, ad. in a daring manner. Venturing, s. the act of putting to risk. A r en'turously ad. daringly, boldly. Yen'turousncbS, s. daringncss, boldness. Ven'ue, s. in law, the neighbourhood in which the declaration states tho cause of action to have arisen. Ve'nus, s. one of the planets. Vcra'eious, a. observant of truth ; true. Vera"city, s. observance of truth. Veran'da, s. a kind of open portico. Verb, s. a term in grammar. Vor'bal, a. spoken, oral ; literal. Verbal'ity, s. mere words. Ver'balize, v. to turn into a verb. Ver'baily, ad. orally; word for word. Verba'tim, ad. word for word, literally. Vcr'bcrate, v. to beat, to strike. Verberation, s. the act of beating. Ver'binge, s. mere words, empty discourse. Verbo'se, a. wordy, prolix, tedious. Verbos'ity, s. wordiness; prolixity. Ver'dancy, Vcr'dantness, s. greenness. Vcr'dant, a. green; fresh, flourishing. Verd-anti'que, J. the green incrustation upon ancient copper or brass coins. Ver'dcrer, s. a forest officer. Ver'dict, s. the decision of a jury. Ver'digris, s. the green rust of brass. Ver'dure, s. a green color; freshness. Ver'durous, a. green ; decked with green. Ver'ecund, a. modest, bashful. Verecun'dity, s. bashfulness, modesty. Verge, s. a rod ; a dean's mace. Verge, v. to bend downwards; to tend, to approach : s. a brink, an edge, a border. Ver'ger, s. a mace-bearer in cathedrals, tSeo. Verid'ical, a. telling truth. Ver'iiiable, a. that may be verified. VER 335 VIC Verifica'tion, 5. confirmation by evidence. Ver'ifier, s. one who verifies. Ver'ify, v. to prove to be true, to confirm. Ver'ily, ad. in truth, really. Verisim'ilar, a. likely, probable. Verisimil'itude, s. appearance of truth, likelihood, probability. Ver'itable, a. agreeable to fact, true. Ver'itably, ad. in a true manner. Verity, s. truth, a true assertion, reality. Vcr'juice, s. the liquor of crab-apples. Veruieol'ogy, s. that part of natural history which treats of worms. Vermiccl'li, [It.] s. a paste spun like threads. Vermic'ular, a. acting or moving like a worm ; resembling a worm. Vermicula'tion, s. motion, as of a worm. Ver'micule, s. a littio grub or worm. Vermic'ulous, a. full of worms or grubs. Ver'mifuge, s. a medicine to destroy worms. Vermil'ioned, a. dyed with a bright red. Vermil'ion, 5. a beautiful red color. Ver'min, s. any noxious animal. Ver'minate, v. to breed vermin. Vermina'tion, s. the breeding of vermin. Ver'minous, a. tending to breed vermin. Vermip'arous, a. producing worms. Vermiv'orous, a. feeding on worms. Vernac'ular, a. of one's own country, native. Ver'nal, a. belonging to the spring. Vor'nant, a. flourishing as in the spring. Ver'nier, s. a graduated index on a scale. Vernil'ity, s. servile behaviour, meanness. Ver'rucous, a. having or full of warts. Yersatiu.. a. easy to bo turned round; that -ran turn to any tiling; variable. Vorcatil'ity, *. quality of being versatile. Verse, s. a lino in poetry ; a stanza ; metri- cal composition, poetry ; a short section or paragraph in prose. Ver'sed, a. skilled, conversant in. Ver'sicle, s. a little verse. Ver'si-colorecl, a. changeable in color. Versifica'tion, s. the art of making verses. Ver'sificr, s. a makpr of versos. Ver'sify, v. to mako or relate in verse. Vcr'sion, s. a turning or changing of some- thing ; a translation ; a change. Verst', s. a Russian measure of length (about three-quarters of an English mile.) Vert, s. every green tree in a forest. Ver'tcbra, s. a joint in the hack-bone or spine; in the plural, generally Vertebrse. Vertebral, a. relating to the back-bone. Vertcbrated, a. furnished with vertebrae. Vertex, s. the top of anything ; the zenith. Vertical, a. in the zenith, perpendicular to the plane of the horizon. Ver'tical 1 y, ad. in the zenith. Ver'ticalnes3, s. state of being vertical. Verti"city, s. the act of turning about. Ver'ticle, s. an axis, a hinge. Vertiginous, a. turning round ; giddy. Verti"ginousness, s. state of being vertigin- ous ; giddiness. Verti'go, s. a giddiness in the head. Ver'vain, s. the name of a plant. Ver'vel, s. a label tied to a hawk. Ver'y, a. rcai, true : ad. in a great degree. Ves'icate, v. to blister. Vesication, 5. the act of blistering. Ves'icatory, s. a blistering medicine. Ves'icle, s. a little bladder or blister. Vesic'ular, a. having vesicles ; hollow. Ves'per, s. the evening-star ; the evening, Ves'pers, s. evening service or prayers. Ves'pertine, a. pertaining to the evening. Ves'sel, s. any thing made for holding or containing something else ; as a cask or a vase for holding liquor, and a ship for hold- ing a cargo ; a tube for containing and con- veying blood in animal, and sap in vege- table bodies. Vest, s. an outer garment ; a waistcoat. Vest, v. to dress, to deck, to invest. Ves'tal, a. pertaining to Vesta; chaste, pure : s. a vestal virgin ; a pure virgin. Ves'ted, p. and a. invested, fixed, settled. Vcs'tibule, s. the entrance of a house. Ves'tige, s. a footstep, a trace, a mark. Vest'ment, s. a garment, a part of dress. Ves'try, s. a room adjoining a church, in which the sacerdotal vestments are kept '* a parochial assembly held in the A-estry. Ves'try-clerk, s. the officer who keeps the parish accounts and books. Ves'tryman, s. one of the men chosen to conduct the affairs of the parish. Vos'ture, s. a garment, a robe, a dress. Vetch, s. a leguminous plant, a kind of pea. Vetch'y, a. abounding in vetches. Vet'eran, a. old in practice, particularly in war: s. an old soldier; an old practitioner. Veterinarian, s. one skilled in the diseases of horses ; a farrier. Vet'crinary, a. pertaining to farriery. Ve'to, [Lat. v. "I forbid,"] but applied to a prohibition, or the power of prohibiting. Vex, v. to disquiet, to plague, to torment. Vexa'tion, s. the act of vexing ; trouble. Vexa'tious, a. causing vexation, teasing. Vexa'tiously, ad. in a vexatious manner. Vexa'tiousness, s. troublcsomeness. Vex'er, s. one who vexes. Vex'illary, s. a standard-bearer: a. pertain- ing to an ensign or standard. Vcx'ingly, ad- so as to vex or disturb. Vi'a, ad. by the way of: s. [Lat.] a way. Vi'aduct, s. a constructed carriage-way. Vi'al, s. a phial or small bottle. Vi'al, v. to put in a vial. Vi'and, s. meat dressed, meat, food. Vi'ary, a. happening in ways or roads. Viat'ic, a. pertaining to a journey. Viat'icum, *. provision for a journey; the last rites used for a departing soul. Vi'brate, v. to movebackwards and forwards ; to swing ; to oscillate ; to quiver. Vibra'tion, s. the act of vibrating ; an oscil- lation ; a quivering. Vi'brativo, a. that vibrates. Vi'bratory, a. vibrating ; causing to vibrato. Vic'ar, 5. a minister of a parish where the tithes arc impropriated; a substitute. Vic'aragc, s. the benefice of a vicar. Vicar-gcn'cral, s. he who exercises jurisdic- tion over spiritual affairs. Vica'rial, a. pertaining or relating to a vicar. Vica'riato, s. delegated office or power: a. having a delegated power as vicar. Vica'rious, a. acting in place of another. Vica'riously, ad. in place of another. VIC 336 VIO Vic'arship, s. the office of a vicar. Vice, s. depravity, wickedness ; a habitual fault or defect. Vice, s. a small iron press with a screw ; a tight grasp or gripe : v. to draw, as by the force of a vice. Vice, a. a substitute ; second in rank. Vice-ad'miral, s. the second in command. Vice-a'gent, s. one who acts for another. Vice-cha'mberlain, s. the next in authority to the lord chamberlain. Vice-chan'cellor, s. the second judge in the court of Chancery ; the second magistrate in a university. Vice-con'sul, s. an ass-istant consul. Vicege'rency, s. the office of a vicegerent. Vicege'rent, s- one holding deputed or dele- gated power, a lord lieutenant. "Vicege'rent, a. having a delegated power. Vi"cenary, a. belonging to twenty. Vice-pres'ident, s. the next in rank and au- thority to the president. Vi'ceroy, s. one who governs a kingdom with regal authority. Viceroy'alty, s. dignity of a viceroy. Vi'ceroyship, s. office of a viceroy. Vi'ce-ver'sa, [Lat.] ad. contrariwise. Vi"cinage, s. neighbourhood, vicinity. Vi"cinal, a. near, adjoining to. Vicin'ity, s. neighbourhood, nearness. Vi"cious, a. addicted to vice, wicked, cor- rupt in principles. Vi"ciously, ad. in a vicious manner. Vf'ciousness, s. quality of being vicious. Vicis'situde, s. change, in which the same things come round or occur ; revolution ; succession. Vicissitu'dinary, a. regularly changing. Vicon'tiel, a. pertaining to the sheriff. Vic'tim, s. something slain for a sacrifice, a sacrifice ; something destroyed. Vic'timize, v. to make a victim of, especially in a swindling transaction. Vic'tor, j. a conqueror, a vanquisher. Victo'rious, a. conquering, vanquishing ; having obtained a victory. Victoriously, ad. triumphantly. Victo'riousness, s. the being victorious. Vic'tor y, s. conquest, triumph, success. Vic'tress, Vic'toress, s. a female conqueror. Vict'ua), v. to supply with food or provisions. Victualler, s. a provider of victuals; one who keeps a house of entertainment. Vict'uals, s. provision of food, provisions. Videl'icet, ad. to wit, namely, but usually written Viz. Vidu'ity, s. widowhood. Vie, v. to strive or contend with for supe- riority ; to strive, to contend. View, v. to survey, to inspect, to see. View, s. a prospect, a sight ; a survey. View'cr, s. one who views. View'ing, s. the act of beholding. View'less, a. not discernible by the sight. Vi"gil, s. a keeping watch : pi. devotion at the customary hours of sleep; the service used on the eve of a holiday. Vi"gilance, Vi"gilanty, s. forbearance of sleep, watchfulness, circumspection. Vi"gil, u ,t, a. waichtul c reum.spoct. Vigilantly, ad. watchfully, attentively. I Vignett'e, s. a page of a book ornamented with wreaths of vines and flowers; a draw- ing without boundary lines. Vig'orous, a. full of strength and life. Vig'orously, ad. with force, forcibly. Vig'orousness, s. force, strength. Vig'our, s. force, strength, energy, efficacy. Vile, a. sordid, worthless, mean, base. Vi'lely, ad. meanly, basely, shamefully. Vi'leness, s. state or quality of being vile. Vilifica'tion, s. the act of vilifying. Vil'ifier, s. one that vilifies. Vil'ify, v. to make vile, to defame, to abuse. Vil'ipend, v. to treat with contempt. Vil'la, s. a country scat ; a small village. Vil'lage, s. a small collection of houses. Vil'lager, s. an inhabitant of a village. Villager y, s. a district of villages. Vil'lain, s. a degraded wicked wretch ; for- merly one who held lands by a base or ser- vile tenure, a serf. Vil'lanage, s. state or condition of a villain ; a base or servile tenure. Vil'lanize, v. to debase, to degrade. Vil'lanous, s. base, vile, wicked; sorry. Vil'lanously, ad. in a villanous manner. Vil'lanousness, s. baseness, wickedness. Vil'lany, s. wickedness, baseness. Villat'ic, a. belonging to villages. Vil'lenage, s. See Villanage. Vil'lous, a. shaggy, rough, furry. Vimin'eous, a. made of or like twigs. Vina'ceous, a. belonging to wine or grapes. Vin'cible, a. conquerable. Vin'cibleness, s. liableness to be overcome. Vinc'ture, s. a binding. Vinde'mial, a. belonging to a vintage. Vinde'miate, v. to gather the vintage. Vin'dicable, a. that may be vindicated. Vin'dicate, v. to defend, to justify; to maintain ; to avenge. Vindica'tion, s. a defence, a justification. Vin'dicative, a. tending to vindicate. Vin'dicator, s. one who vindicates. Vin'dicatory, a. dofensory, justificatory; performing the office of vengeance. Vindic'tive, a. revengeful, given to revenge. Vindictively, ad. revengefully. Vindic'tiveness, s. a revengeful temper. Vine, s. the plant that bears the grape. Vi'ned, a. having leaves like the vine. Vi'ne-dresser, s. one who trains vines. Vin'egar, s. sour wine; an acid liquor. Vi'nery, s. a place for rearing vines. Vin'eyard, s. a ground planted with vines. Vi'nolent, a. given to wine. Vinos'ity, s. quality of being vinous. Vi'nous,' a. having the quality of wine. Vin'tage, s. the time of making wine. Vin'tager, s. one who gathers the vintage. Vint'ner, s. one who retails wine. Vin'try, s. a place for the sale of wine. Vi'ny, a. abounding in vines. Vi'ol', s. a stringed musical instrument. Vi'olable, a. that may be violated. Viola'ceous, a. resembling or like violets. Vi'olatc, v. to injure by force, to break, to infringe ; to profane ; to outrage chastity. Viola'tion, s. infringement ; a deflowering. Vi'olator, s. one that violates. Vi'olence, s. force, outrage, injury. VIO 337 VIZ Vi'olent, a. acting by violence, outrageous. Violently, ad. in a violent manner. Vi'olet, s. the name of a sweet flower. Vi'olin, s. a fiddle, a musical instrument. Vi'olinist, s. a player on the violin. Vi'oiist, s. a player on the viol. Violoncello, [It.] s. a musical instrument. Vi'per, s. a venomous serpent. Vi'perine, a. pertaining to a viper. Vi'perous, a. having the qualities of a viper. Vira'go, s. a bold masculine woman. Vir'elay, s. a roundelay, a kind of song. Vi'rent, a. green ; not faded. Vir'gate, a. shaped like a rod or wand. Virgo, s. See Verge. Vir'gin, s. a maiden, a woman not a mother : a. maidenly, chaste ; pure, fresh. Virginal, a. pertaining to a virgin: s. a kind of harpsichord formerly played by young ladies. Virgin'ity, s. maidenhood ; purity. Vir'go, s. the sixth sign in the zodiac. Virid'ity, s. greenness ; immaturity. Vir'ile, a. manly ; vigorous. Viril'ity. s. manhood ; manly vigour. Virtu', [It.] s. a love of the fine arts. Virtual'ity, s. efficacy, power. Vir'tual, a. effectual, real ; being in essence or effect, not in fact. Vir'tually, ad. ejffectually, not formally. Vir'tuate, v. to rShke efficacious. Vir'tue, s. moral goodness; valour; efficacy. Vir'tueless, a. not having virtue or efficacy. Virtuo'so, s. one skilled in articles of vertu. Vir'tuous, a. morally good ; chaste, modest; efficacious. Vir'tuously, ad. in a virtuous manner. Vir'ulence, Vir'ulency, s. malignity, acri- mony of temper, bitterness. Vir'ulent, a. venomous; malignant. Vir'ulently, ad. in a virulent manner. Vi'rus, [Lat.] s. poison; virulent matter. Vis'age, s. the face, countenance, look. Vis'aged, a. having a face or visage. Vis'ard, s. See Vizard. Vis-a-vis, [Fr.] s. a carriage that holds two persons sitting face to face. Vis'eera, [Lat.] s. the bowels. Vis'ccral, a. pertaining to the bowels. Vis'cerate, v. See Eviscerate. Vis'cid, a. glutinous, tenacious. Viscid'ity, s. glutinousness, tenacity. Viscos'ity, Vis'cousness, s. viscidity, tenacity. Vi'scount, s. degree of nobility next an earl. Vi'scountess, s. the lady of a viscount. Vi'scountship, s. the office of a viscount. Vis'cous, a. clammy, glutinous, ropy, sticky. Viah'nu, s. a chief deity of the Hindoos. Vis'ible. a. perceivable by the eye; apparent, conspicuous. Vis'ibleness, s. quality of being visible. Visibil'ity, s. visibleness. Vis'ibly, ad. openly, conspicuously. Vis'ion, s. the faculty of seeing; the act of seeing; a sight, a dream, a phantom. Vis'ional, a. pertaining to a vision. Vis'ionary, a. imaginary, seen in a dream : s. one whose imagination is disturbed; one who forms impracticable schemes. Vis'it, s. the act of going to see another. Vis'it, v. to go to see ; to send good or evil. Vis'itable, a. that may be visited. Vis'itant, s. one who visits another. Visita'tion, s. the act of visiting ; a judicial visitor inspection ;ajudgmentfrom heaven. Visitatorial, a. pertaining or belonging to a judicial visitor. Vis'iter, s. one who visits as a friend or neighbour. Vis'itor, s. one who visits as an inspector or judge. Vis'iting, a. authorized or privileged to visit : s. the act of going to see ; visitation. Vi'sive, a. pertaining to the power of seeing. Vis'or, s. a mask for the face, with aper- tures to see through, a vizard ; the part of a helmet, fronting the eyes. Vis'ored, a. wearing a visor or mask. Vis'ta, [It.] s. a view or prospect opening through trees. Vis'ual, a. pertaining to sight; used in sight. Vi'tal, a. necessary to life, essential. Vital'ity, s. the principle or power of life. Vi'tally, ad. in a vital manner. Vi'tals, s. pi. parts essential to life. Vit'ellary, s. the place where the yolk of an egg swims in the white. Vi"tiate, v. to deprave, to corrupt. Vitia'tion, s. depravation, corruption. Vitilitigation, s. contention; litigation. Vitios'ity, s. depravity, corruption. Vit'reo-elec'tric. a. containing the electricity excited by rubbing glass. Vit'reous, a. glassy, resembling glass. Vit'reousness, s. state of being vitreous. Vitres'cence. s. susceptibility of being form- ed into glass; glassiness. Vitres'cent, a. tending to become glass. Vitres'cible, a. that can be vitrified. Vit'rifiable, a. capable of being vitrified. Vitrif'icate, v. to change into glass. Vitrifac'tion, s. the act of vitrifying. Vit'rify, v. to change into or become glass. Vit'riol, s. a mineral substance; a sulphate of certain metals, as of copper, iron, dec. Vit'riolate, v. to convert into sulphuric acid. Vit'riolated, a. impregnated with vitriol. Vitriol'ic, a. containingorresembling vitriol. Vit'uline, a. pertaining to a calf, or to veal. Vitu'perable, a. blameworthy. Vitu'perate. v. to blame, to censure. Vitupera'tion, s. blame, censure. Vitu'perative, a. containing censure. Viva'cious, a. lively, sprightly, gay. Viva'ciousness, J. quality of being vivacious. Viva"city, s. liveliness, sprightliness. Vi'vary, s. any place where living animals are kept, a park, a fish-pond. ATvency, s. manner of supporting life. Vives, s. a distemper among horses. Viv'id, a. lively, sprightly, striking ; strong. Viv'idly, ad. with life; strikingly. Viv'idness, 5. life, vigour, quickness. Vivif'ic. a. giving life, making alive. Vivif'icate. s. See Vivify. Vivifica'tion, 5. the act of vivifying. Vivificative, a. able to vivify. Viv'ify, v. to make alive, to animate. Vivip'arous, a. bringing the young alive. Vix'en, s. a she-fox: a scolding woman. Vix'enlv, a. like a vixen. Viz. See Videlicet. Viz'ard, s. a mask: v. to mask. See Visor. Q VIZ S33 VUL Viz'ier, s. the Turkish prime minister. Vo'cable, s. a word. Vocab'ulary, s. a small dictionary or lexicon. Vo'cal, a. of or belonging to the voice. Vo'calist, s. a singer. Vocal'ity, s. power of utterance. Vo'calize, v. to make vocal. Vo'cal 1 y, ad. in words ; articulately. Vooa'tion, s. a summons; a calling or em- ployment ; a calling by the will of God. Voo'ative, s. the case of Douns in grammar, used in calling or speaking to. Vociferate, v. to clamour, to exclaim. Vocifera'tion, s. clamour, outcry. Vociferous, a. clamorous, noisy, loud. Vogue, s. fashion, mode ; repute. Voice, s. sound emitted by the mouth ; an opinion expressed ; language ; a vote or suffrage ; a term in grammar. Voice, v. to rumour; to clamour. Voi'ced, a. furnished with a voice. Voi'ccless, a. having no voice. Void, a. empty, vacant; null, ineffectual. Void, s. an empty space, emptiness. Void, v. to leave empty, to evacuate ; to emit ; to annul. Void'able, a. that may be made void. Void'ance, s. the act of making void. Vo:'.d'er, s. one who voids ; a basket for car- rying broken meat from table. Void'ness, s. emptiness, vacuity ; nullity. Voi'ture, [Fr.] s. a kind of carriage or coach. Vo'lant, a. flying, nimble. Vol'atile, a. flying ; evaporating quickly ; lively; flighty; fickle. Vol'atileness, Volatility, s. the quality of being volatile. Volatilization, s. the act of making volatile. Vol'atilize, v. to render volatile. Volcan'ic, a. produced by a volcano. Volca'no, s. a burning mountain. Vole, .y. a deal at cards that draws the whole tricks to one party ; a slam. Vol'ery, s. a flight of birds. Volita'tion, s. the act or power of flying. Voli"tion, s. the act of willing ; the power of determining any action by the will. Vol'itive, a. having the power to will. Vol'ley, s. a flight or discharge of musketry. Vol'ley, v. to discharge in a volley. Vol'leyed, a. discharged in a volley. Volt, s. a bound, a turn. Volta'ism, s. a branch of electrical science, galvanism as improved by Volta. Volubil'ity, s. the act or power of rolling; fluency of speech. Vol'uble, a. formed so as to roll easily; rol- ling ; fluent, talkative. Vol'ubly, ad. in a voluble manner. Vol'ume, s. a rolling or folding ; compass or extent ; a book. Vol'umed, a. formed like a volume or roll. Volu'minous, a. consisting of many volumes. Volu'minously, ad. in many volumes. Volu'minousness, s. the being voluminous. Vol'umist, s. one who writes a volume. Vol'untarily, ad. of one's own accord. Voluntariness, s. state of being voluntary. Voluntary, a. acting by choice, willing. Vol'untary, s. music played at will without any settled rule ; a volunteer. ; j Volunteer', s. one who enters into military or other service of his own accord. j Volunteer', v. to enlist for a soldier, to offer or bestow voluntarily. Volup'tuary, s. one addicted to voluptuous- ness, a sensualist. Volup'tuous, a. luxurious, sensual. Volup'tuously, ad. luxuriously. Volup'tuousness, s. luxuriousness. Voluta'tion, s. a wallowing, a rolling. Volu'te, s. a kind of spiral scroll on the capital of a column. Volu'tion, s. a spiral turn. Vom'ica, s. an abscess in the lungs. Vom'it, v. to cast out of the stomach, to throw from the stomach : s. the matter thrown up from the stomach ; an emetic. Vomf'tion, s. the act or jjower of vomiting. Vom'itive, a. causing or producing vomits. Vom'itory, a. causing vomits: 5. an emeti Vora'cious, a. ravenous, greedy to devour. Vora'ciously, ad. greedily, ravenously Vora'eiousness, s. voracity, greediness Vora"city, j. ravenousness. Vora"ginous, a. full of gulfs. Vor'tcx, s. a whirlpool ; a whirlwind. Vor'tical, a. having a whirling motion. Vo'taress, s. a female votary. Vo'tary, s. one devoted, as by a vow, to any service or pursuit. Vo'tary, a. devoted, promised. Vote, v. to choose or give by vole. Vote, s. a voice given and numbered at an election, suffrage. Vo'ter, s. one Avho has a right to vote. Vo'tive, a. given or done by vow ; vnved. Vouch, v. to call to witness ; to bear witness, to attest ; to warrant, to maintain. Vouch, s. a warrant, attestation. Vouch'er, s. one who, or that which vouches. Vouchsa'fe, v. to condescend, to grant. Vouchsa'fement, s. a grant in condescension. Vow, s. a solemn and religious promise. Vow, v. to make a vow ; to protest. Vow'el, s. a letter utterable by itself: a. pertaining to a vowel, vocal. Vow'el led, a. furnished with vowels. Vow'er, s. one who makes a vow. Voy'age, s. a journey by sea; a course. Voy'age, v. to travel by sea. Voy'ager, s. one who travels by sea. Vul'gar, a. common, ordinary ; mean, low. Vul'gar, s. the common or lower people. Vul'garism, s. vulgarity, a vulgar phrase. Vulgar'ity, s. coarseness of manners or lan- guage ; meanness of condition. Vul'garize, v. to render mean or vulgar. Vul'garly, ad. among the common people ; commonly; coarsely, meanly. Vul'gate, ^ the common or ordinary Latin version of the Scriptures authorized by the church of Rome. Vul'gate, a. pertaining to the Vulgate. Vulnerable, a. that may be wounded. Vul'nerary, a. useful in curing wounds. Vul'nerate, v. to wound, to hurt. Vulnera'tion, s. the act of wounding. Vul'pine, a. belonging to a fox ; crafty. Vul'ture, s. a large rapacious bird of prey Vul'turine, a. belonging to a vulture. Vul'turous, a. like a vulture ; rapacious* WAB 339 V7AB, W. Wab'ble, v. to move from one side to the other, as a spinning top when about to fall. Wab'hlingly, ad. in a wabbling manner. Wacke, s. a substance intermediate between clay and basalt. Wad, s. any mass of loose matter thrust closely together. Wad'ded, a. formed into a wad or mass. Wad'ding, s. a kind of soft stuff used for quilting or stuffing garments. Wad'dle, v. to walk like a duck. Wad'dlingly, ad. with a waddling gait. Wade, v. to walk through water; to move with difficulty and labour. Wa'fer, s. a thin dried paste ; a thin leaf of paste for sealing a letter : v. to close or seal with a wafer. Waft, v. (to be carried by the waves) to float ; to convey through the water or air ; to beckon by a waving motion of the hand : s. a floating body. Waft'age, s. carriage by wafting. Waft'er, s. he or that which wafts. Waft'ure, s. the act of waving or floating. Wag, v. to be quick in ludicrous motion ; to move lightly from side to side, to shake slightly : s. a merry droll follow, a joker. Wage. v. to engage in ; to stake; to hazard. Wage, 5. a gage or pledge ; hire or pay for service; (but the plural is now always used.) Wa'ger, s. (a gage or pledge) a bet; the subject of a bet : v. to offer a wager. Wa'ges. See Wage, s. Wag'gery, s. the pranks of a wag. Wag'gish, a. mischievously droll. Waggishly, ad. in a waggish manner. Wag'gishness, s. mischievous sport. Wag'gle, v. to move from side to side. Wag'gon, s. a four-wheeled carriage for the conveyance of heavy goods. Wag'goner, s. one who drives a waggon. Wag'tail, s. the name of a small bird. Waif, Waift, s. goods found andnot claimed. Wail, v. to lament, to bewail, to moan. Wail, Wail'ing, s. lamentation. Wail'ful, a. mournful, sorrowful. Wain, s. a sort of cart or waggon. Wain'scot, s. a boarded lining for rooms. Wain'scot, v. to line walls with boards. Waist, s. the middle part of the body. Waist'band, s. that part of the small clothes which encircles the waist. Waist'coat, s. a part of a man's dress. Wait, v. to expect, to attend, to stay. Wait, s. ambush, as, to lie in wait. Wait'er, s. an attendant, one in waiting. Wait'ing, p. and a. staying for, attending. Wait'ing-maid, Wait'ing-woman, s. a female servant who waits on a lady. Waits, s. musicians who go round and play during the night. Waive, v. See Wave. Waiv'er, s. a refusal to accept. Wake, v . to be awake ; to watch ; to rouse from sleep ; to watch a corpse. Wake, s. state of forbearing sleep ; a watch or keeping awake; the track of a ship, so called because the water is disturbed or roused from its previous state. Wa'keful, a. not sleeping, watchful. Wa'kefully, ad. with sleeplessness. Wa'kefulness, s. forbearance of sleep. Wa'ken, v. to wake, to rouse from sleep Wa'ker, s. one who wakes or watches. Wale, s. a ridge or streak in cloth ; arising or projecting plank in the side of a ship : v . to mark with stripes. Walk, v. to go on foot ; to step or pace. Walk, s. the act of walking ; gait or manner of walking; the distance walked ; a placa for walking, a path, an avenue. Walk'er, s. one that walks. Walk'ing, s. the act of moving on the feet with a slow pace. Waik'ing-stick, s. a staff used in walking. Wall, s. a partition of brick or stone ; the side of a, building. Wall, v. to enclose with a wall. Wal'let, s. a bag or knapsack. Wall'-eye, s. a disease in the eye. Wall'-eyed, a. having white eyes. Wall'-flower, s. a species of gilliflower. Wall'-fruit, s. fruit raised from trees planted against a wall. Wal'lop, v. to boil, to boil with noise and bubbling; to drub soundly. Wal'low, v. to roll ; to roll in the mire ; to live in a state of filth or gross vice : s. a kind of rolling walk. Wal'lower, s. one who wallows. Wall'wort, s. a plant, dwarf-elder. Wal'nut, s. a, tree and its fruit. Wal'rus, s. the morse or sea-horse. Waltz, s. a kind of whirling dance. Wam'ble, v. to have or produce a rolling sensation, with nausea in the stomach. Wam'pum, s. a broad belt strung with cer- tain shells, which were formerly used as money by the North American Indians. Wan, a. pale, sickly, languid of look. Wand, s. a rod, a long slender stick ; a staff of office or authority. Wan'der, v . to ramble ; to go astray. Wan'derer, s. one who wanders. Wander'ing, s. the act of rambling or going astray; aberration of mind. Wand'eringly, ad. in a wandering manner. Wane, s. decrease of the moon ; decline. Wane, v. to diminish, to decrease. Wan'ness, s. paleness, a sickly hue. Wan'nish, a. somewhat pale or wan. Want, v. to be without, to need ; to fail. Want, s. lack, need, deficiency ; poverty. Want'ing, a. absent, deficient. Want'less, a. having no want; abundant. Wan'ton, s. a loose or lascivious woman. Wan 'ton, v. to act like a wanton. Wan'ton, a. lascivious ; sportive Wan'ton ize, v. to behave wantonly. Wan'tonly, ad. in a lascivious manner. Wan'tonix'ss, s. lasciviousness ; frolic. Wap'entake, s. a division of a county. War, s. open hostility between nations : fighting, combat; enmity; the profession of arms: Man-of-war, a ship for fighting. War, v to make or carry on war. War'ble, v. to quaver any sound ; to sing. Warbler, J. a songster, a singing bird. Warb'ling, a. filled with musical notes: s. the act of modulating notes. Q2 WAR 340 WAT Ward. s. the act of guarding ; a watch, a. guard ; a garrison ; a district of a town under the guardianship of an alderman ; one under a guardian ; custody ; part of a lock. Ward, v. to guard ; to watch ; to fence off. War'den, s. a head officer; a guardian. War'denship, s. office of a warden. War'der, s. a keeper, a guard. Ward'mote, s. a ward-meeting. Ward'robe, s. a place where apparel is kept ; a person's wearing apparel. Ward'room, s. a guard-room, the room in a ship over the gun-room where the officers mess and sleep. Ward'ship, s. guardianship ; pupilage. Ware, s. merchandise, goods collectively. Wa'rehouse, s. a house for merchandise. Wa'rehouse, v. to deposit in a warehouse. Wa'reless, a. incautious, unwary. Wares, s. pi. goods or property to he sold. War'fare, s. military service : military life. War'hoop, s. the savage yell of war. War'horse, s. a horse trained for war. Wa'rily, ad. cautiously; prudently. Wa'riness, s. caution ; prudent forethought. War'like, a. fit for war; martial; relating to war. War'likeness, s. warlike disposition. War'lock, .$. a male witch, a wizard. Warm, a. heated to a small degree ; ardent, zealous; passionate; hot-tempered; san- guine, enthusiastic. Warm, v. to heat moderately. Warni'ingpan, s. a pan to warm a bed. Warm'ly, ad. with gentle heat; eagerly. Warmth, s. gentle heat; zeal, passion. Warn, v. to caution, to notify, to admonish. Warn'er, s. an admonisher. Warn'ing, s. previous notice, a caution. War'office, s. the office in which the military affairs of a country are conducted. Warp, s. the thread that crosses the woof. Warp, v. to turn or twist out of shape ; to distort; to shrivel; to pervert; to tow a ship with a warp. Warp'ing, s. the act of turning aside from the true direction. War'-proof, s. valour known by proof. War'rant, s. a writ of caption ; authority. War'rant, v. to guarantee ; to authorize ; to justify ; to support or maintain. Warrantable, a. justifiable. War'rantableness, s. justifiableness. War'rantably, ad. justifiably. Warrantee', s. one to whom a warranty is granted. Warrantor', s. one who grants a warranty. War'ranty, s. a deed of security for the per- formance of a contract: authority. War'ren, s. a park or enclosure for rabbits. War'rener, s. a keeper of a warren. War'rior, s. a soldier, a military man. War'rioress, s. a female warrior. Wart, s. a small protuberance on the skin. Wart'y, a. like or grown over with warts. War'-worn, a. worn with war, battered. Wa'ry, a. cautious, circumspect. Was, v. the past tense of Be. Wash, v. to cleanse with water; to bathe, to lave ; to overflow ; to color the surface by washing, as with gold, &c. Wash. s. the act of washing linen ; thei.netj or clothes washed; a lotion ; alluvial mat- ter ; a marsh ; a watery place ; a mess for hogs from dish-washings, &c. Wash/ball, s. a ball made of soap, &c. ■ Wash '-board, s. a board fixed on the side of a boat, to prevent the sea washing over. Wash'er, s. one who washes. Wash'er-woman, s. a woman that washes and makes up clothes. Wash'ing, s. the act of cleansing with water. Wash'pot, s. a vessel for washing. Wash'tub, s. a tub or vessel in which clothes are washed. Wash'y, a. watery; soft, not solid; weak. Was]), s. a stinging insect like a bee. Wasp-fly, j. a species of fly resembling a wasp, but without a sting. Wasp'ish, a. irritable, peevish, malignant. Wasp'ishly, ad. in a waspish manner. Wasp'ishness, s. peevishness, irritability. Was'sail, *. a drink made of ale, sugar, and roasted apples, particularly at merry-mak- ings ; a drunken revel : v. to tope, to revel ; to hold a merry-making. Was'sailer, s. a toper, a reveller. Waste, v. to squander, to lavish; to dimin- ish ; to destroy ; to desolate; to dwindle ; to be consumed. Waste, s. the act of squandering ; useless expenditure, lavish consumption ; loss, destruction ; a barren and desolate tract of ground. Waste, a. uncultivated; worthless; desolate. Wa'steful, a. destructive, lavish, prodigal. Wa'ste fully, ad. in a wasteful manner. Wa'stefulness, s. prodigality, lavishness. Wa'steness, s, a desolate state, solitude. Watch, s. a keeping awake ; a night-guard ; a guard ; a watchman ; a period of the night; a pocket time-piece. Watch, v. to be awake; to keep guard; to observe attentively. Watch'er, s. one who watches. Watch'et, a. pale or light blue. Watch'ful, a. vigilant, attentive, careful. Watch'fully, ad. vigilantly, attentively. Watch'fulness, s. vigilance, heed. Watch-glass, s. a glass for covering the face of a watch. Watch'-house, s. a place where the night- watch is set ; a place of confinement. Watch'ing, s. wakefulness. Watch'maker, s. one who makes watches. Watch'man, s. a night-guard ; a sentinel. Watch'tower, s. a tower on which a sentinel is placed for the sake of observation. Watch'word, s. a sentinel's night-word. Wa'ter, s. a well-known fluid, formerly es- teemed one of the elements ; the sea ; urine ; the lustre of a diamond. Wa'ter, v. to supply with water ; to irrigate ; to take in water; to shed moisture ; to di- versify as with waves, as "watered silk." Wa'terage, s. money paid for water-carriage. Wa'ter-bearer, s. the sign Aquarius. Wa'ter-bellows, s. a machine for blowing a furnace with the aid of water. Wa'ter-carriage, s. conveyance by water. Wa'ter-cart, s. a cart of water used in sprink- ling the grouud. WAT 341 Wa'ter-clock, s a clock moved by water. Wa'ter-color, s. a color used or mixed with gum-water, opposed to oil-color. Wa'tercourse. s. a channel for water. Wa'tercress, s. a plant used as a salad. Wa'ter-cngine, s. an engine moved by water. Wa'terfall, s. a cascade, a cataract. Wa'ter-flag, s. the water fleur de luce. Wa'ter-ily, s. an insect seen on the water. Wa'terfowl, s. a fowl that swims in the water, and lives or breeds near it. Wa'ter-fox, s. a name of the carp. "VWter-furrow, s. a deep furrow or trench for carrying off water. Wa'ter-gall, s. a cavity in the earth made by a torrent of water. Wa'ter-god, s. a fabled deity that presides over the water. Water-gru'el, s. food of oatmeal and water. Wa'ter-gauge, s. an instrument for measur- ing the quantity of water. Water-hen, s. an aquatic fowl. Wa'teriness, s. humidity, moisture. Wa'tering, s. the act of sprinkling or sup- plying with water. Wa'tering-place, s. a place frequented for mineral waters or for bathing. Wa'tering-trough. s. a trough for horses and cattle to drink in. Wa'terish. a. resembling water ; moist. Wa'terishness, s. resemblance of water. Wa'ter-lily, s. the name of a plant. WVter-l.ogged, a. applied to a ship, when, in consequence of being nearly filled with water, she floats like a log. Wa'terman, s. a boatman, a ferryman. VVa'termark, *. the highest mark to which the sea or a flood rises; the lines formed on a sheet of paper at the time it is made. Wa'ter-melon, s. the name of a plant. Wa'ter-mill, a~. a mill turned by water. Wa'ter-newt, s. an animal of the lizard kind. Wa'ter-ourel, s. the name of a fowl. Wa'ter-proof, a. impervious to water. Wa'ter-rail, .v. an aquatic fowl. Wa'ter-rat, s. a kind of rat which lives upon the banks of streams. Wa'ter-rooket, s. a species of water-cress. Water-s;ipph'ire, s. a precious stone. Wa'ter-snake, s. a species of snake that fre- quents the water. Wa'ter-spout, s. a vertical column of water raised from the sea. Watertight, a. that will not admit water. Wa'ter-wheel, s ;i wheel moved by water. Wa'ter-works, s. artificial spouts of water. Wa'tery, a. like water, wet. washy, thin. Wat'tle, s. a willow; ahurdle; the flexible barbs or loose flesh below a cock's bill; the barbs of a fish. Wat/tic, v to bind with willows or flexible twigs, to form by platting twigs. Waul, v to cry as a eat. Wave, .v. a moving swell or volume of water, a billow; unevenness, inequality. Wave, v. to move like a wave : to undulate, to fluctuate ; to waft ; to raise into inequa- lities like waves ; to brandish, to beckon by a waving motion of the hand ; to reject or decline by a waving motion of the hand; to Relinquish, to put off. WEA Wa'veless, a. without waves, smooth, calm. Wa'ver, v. to fluctuate, to hesitate, to be irresolute or undecided. Wa'ver, s. a young slender tree. Wa'verer, 5. one unsettled and irresolute Wa'veringness, 5. state of wavering. Wa've-worn, a. worn by the waves. Wa'ving, a. moving to and fro: 5. the act of moving loosely. Wa'vy, a. rising in waves, undulating. Wax, s. a thick tenacious substance extracted from the honeycomb of bees. Wax, v. to smear with wax. Wax, v. to grow, to increase. Wax'-ehandler, s. a maker of wax candles. Wax'en, a. made of wax. Wax' work, *. figures formed of wax. Wax'y, a. soft like wax ; yielding. Way, s. a road, a passage; means, method, manner; process. Way-bill', s. an account of passengers and parcels conveyed. Way'farer, j. a passenger, a traveller. Way'faring. a. travelling, journeying. Waylay', v. to beset by the way or by ambush. Way'layer, s. one who waylays another. Way'less, a. pathless, traekless. Way'mark, s. mark to guide travellers. Way'ward, a. liking one's own way, froward, perverse, unruly. Way'wardly, ad. froward ; perversely. Way'wardness, s. frowardness, perverseness We, pr. the plural of I. Weak. a. feeble, not strong, infirm ; feeble of mind or intellect. Weak 'en, v. to make weak, to enfeeble. Weak'ener, s. one who, or that which weakens. Weak'ling, s. a feeble creature. Weak'ly, ad. feebly ; without efficacy. Weak'ly, a. not strong; not healthy. Weak'ness, s. feebleness, a defect, a failing. Weal, s. welfare, well-being, advantage. " The common " or " general weal" means the common or general welfare ; and hence Common-weal or Common-wealth, a re- public, as " The Commonwealth of Rome." Weal, s. a mark of a stripe. See Wale. Weald, s. a wild, a forest Wealth, s. riches, opulence. Wealthily, ad. richly. Wealth'iness, s. riches, abundantpossessions, state of being wealthy. Wealth'y, a. opulent, rich, abundant. Wean, v. to deprive of the breast ; to break off any habit or desire. Wean'ling, s. a child newly weaned. Wcap'on, s. an instrument of offence. Weap'oned, a. armed for offence. Weaponless, a. having no weapon. Wear, s. the act of wearing ; the thing worn. Wear, s. a dam to shut up and raise water ; a net of twigs to catch fish ; often written Weir and Wier. Wear, v. to impair or waste by use or time; to diminish slowly ; to consume gradually; to have on the person, as clothes ; to have or exhibit habitually. Wear'ablc, a. that can be worn. Wear'er, s. one who wears any thing. Wea'rincss, s. the state of being weary. WEA 342 WEL Wear ing, s. the act of wearing ; clothes. Wea'risome, a. tiresome, tedious. Wearisomely, ad. so as to cause weariness, Wea'risomeness, s. tiresomeness. Wea'ry, v. to tire, to fatigue ; to trouble or annoy : a. tired, fatigued ; impatient of the continuance of something ; causing weariness, tiresome. Wea'sand, s. the windpipe. Wea'sel, s. a small feline animal. Weath'er, s. the state of the air or atmos- phere ; a storm : v. to sail to windward of; to pass or get clear of with difficulty ; to endure or hold out. Weath'er-beaten, a. grown rough, seasoned or harassed by bad weather. Weath'ercock, s. a vane on a spire. Weath'er-gage, s. any thing which shows the weather. To have tho weather-gage of another ship, is to be windward of her. Weath'er-glass, s. a barometer. Weath'er-proof, a. impervious to or proof against bad weather. Weath'er-wise, a. foretelling the weather. . Weave, v. to unite threads so as to form j cloth ; to form by texture ; to form into a web ; to work at the loom. Weav'er, s. one who weaves cloth. Wea'ving, s. the art of forming cloth in a loom ; the art or business of a weaver. Web, s. any thing woven ; a film on the eye. Web'bed, a. joined by a membrane. Web'footed, a. having a film or membrane between the toes, as aquatic birds. Web'ster, s. a weaver, one who weaves Wed, v. to marry, to join in marriage. Wed'ded, a. married ; attached to. Wed'ding, s. the marriage ceremony. Wed'ding-day, s. the day of marriage. Wedge, j. a mass of metal ; one of the me- chanical powers : v. to cleave with a wedge ; to fasten with a wedge ; to drive or force as with a wedge. Wedlock, s. the married state, matrimony. Wed'nesday, s. the fourth day of the week. Wee, a. little, small, diminutive, puny. Weed, s. a garment, but now only used in the plural, and denoting the habiliments of a widow. Weed, s. a useless or noxious plant. Weed, v. to rid of noxious plants. Weed'er, s. one who weeds. Weed'ing, s. the act of freeing from weeds. Weed'hook, Weed'ing-hook, s. a hook by which weeds are cut away or extirpated. Weed'less, a. free from weeds. Weed'y, a. abounding with weeds. Week, s. the space of seven days. Week'-day, s. any day except Sunday. Week'ly, a. happening or done every week : ad. once a-week. Weel, s. a whirlpool ; a kind of trap for fish. Ween, v. to think, to imagine. Weep, v. to shed tears, to lament. Weep'er, s. a mourner; a white border of linen on the sleeve of a mourning dress. Weep'ing, s. shedding tears, lamentation. Weep'ingly, ad. with weeping, in tears. Weep'ing-willow, s. a willow tree with long j slender hanging branches. Weet, v. See the verb Wit. I Wee'vil, s. a grub injurious to corn. Weft. s. that which is woven, the woof. Weigh, v. to try the weight of any thing ; to examine nicely; to ponder or balance in the mind ; to heave up or raise the anchor ; to bear or press heavily ; to sink by its own weight. W^eigh, s. See Wey. Weigh'able, a. that may be weighed. Weigh'-bridge, s. the floor on which wag- gons, &c. rest, while their weight is ascer- tained. Weigh'er, s. any thing which weighs. W'eigh'ing, *. the act of ascertaining weight. Weigh'ing-machine. s. a machine for weigh- ing heavy loads or wheel carriages. Weighted, a. having the weights examined. Weight, s. the heaviness of anything ; quan- tity ascertained by the balance ; a ponder- ous mass; something to ascertain the weight of other bodies ; gravity ; pressure ; importance. Weight'ily, ad. heavily ; with force. Weight'iness, s. heaviness; importance. Weight'less, a. having no weight ; light. Weight'y, a. heavy ; important. Weird, a. witchlike ; skilled in witchcraft. Wei'away, int. expressive of grief. Wel'come, s. a kind reception of a guest : a. received with kindness ; pleasing ; free to have or to enjoy : v. to salute Avith kind- ness : int. a salutation to a visitor. Wercomely, ad. in a welcome manner. Wel'comeness, s. the act of making welcome ; a kind reception ; gratefulness. Wel'comer, s. one who bids welcome. Weld, s. a dyer's weed for yellow. Weld, v. to beat one mass into another. Weld'cr, s. one who welds iron. Weld'ing-heat, s. the heat fit for weldhsg iron bars. Wel'fare, s. welr-being, happiness. Wel'kin, s. the visible regions of the air. Well, s. a spring, a fountain ; a deep nar- row pit of water ; a cavity. Well, v. to issue as from a spring. Well, a. in health ; happy; prosperous. Well, ad. not amiss, to a sufficient degree ; rightly, properly. Well'aday, int. the usual form of Wellaway. Wellbe'ing, s. prosperity, happiness. Well-born', a. of high birth. Well-bred', a. polite, elegant of manners. Well-dispo'sed, a. kind, benevolent. Well'-done, int. denoting praise. Well-fa'vored, a. well-looking, handsome. Well-ground'ed, a. having agood foundation. Well-inten'tioned, a. well-meaning. Well-man'nered, a. polite, complaisant. Well-mean'er, s. one who means well. Well-mean'ing, a. having good intentions. Well-met', int. a term of salutation. Well-na'tured, a. good-natured, kind. Well-nigh, ad. almost, nearly. Well'spent, a. spent or passed with virtue, Well'-spoken, a. speaking well. Well'spring, s. spring, fountain, source. Well-thought', a. opportunely thought of. Well'-water, s. water from a well. Well-will'er, s. one who means kindly. Well-wish'er, s. one who wishes good. WEL 343 WHI Welsh, a. relating to the people or language of Wales: s. the people of Wales; the language of the Welsh. Welt, s. a border, a selvage, an edging. Welt, v. to sew on a border. Wel'ter, v. to wallow, to roll. Wen, s. fleshy excrescence or tumour. Wench, s. a young woman ; a loose woman. Wench, v. to frequent loose women. Wench'er, s. a follower of loose women. Wend, v. to go, to pass to or from. Wen'nish, Wen'ny, a. of the nature of a wen. West, s. the region where the sun sets : a. being in the region where the sun sets; coming from the west: ad. to the west, more westward. Wes'tering, a. passing towards the west. Wes'terly, a. tending towards the west. Western, a. westerly, from the west. West' ward, ad. towards the west. West'wardly, ad. with tendency to the west Wet, a. containing water, humid, moist, rainy: s. wetness, moisture, rain, rainy weather: v. to make wet, to moisten. Weth'er, s. a male sheep. Wet'ness, s. the state of being wet. Wet'shod, a. wet over the shoes. Wet'tish, a. rather wet, inclined to wet. Wey, s. six tods and a half of wool, or five quarters of corn. Whack, v. to thwack or strike hard. Whale, s. the largest of all fish. Wha'lebone, s. a firm elastic substance taken from the upper jaw of the whale. Whame, s. a species of horse-fly. Whang, s. a leather thong: v. to beat with thongs (a low word.) Wharf, s. a place to land goods at. Wharfage, s. rates for landing at a wharf. Whar'finger, s. a keeper of a wharf. What, pr. that which ; which part, which of several or many. Whatev'er, Whatsoev'er, pr. or a. all that, the whole that; any thing that may be. Wheal, s. a pustule. Wheat, s. bread-corn, the finest of grains. Wheat'ear, s. the name of a small bird. Wheat'en, a. made of wheat corn. Whee'dle, v. to entice by soft words, to coax. Wheed'ler, s. one who coaxes. Wheed'ling, s. the act of coaxing or cajoling. Wheel, s. a circular frame that turns on an axis ; a machine for spinning ; an instru- ment of torture ; an instrument used by potters ; a rotation, a revolution ; a compass or turn about. Wheel, v. to move on wheels ; to turn on an axis; to turn round ; to fetch a compass. Wheel'barrow, s. abarrow moved on a wheel. Wheel'er, s. a maker of wheels; a horse next the wheels of a coach. Wheel'ing, s. the act of conveying on wheels Wheelwright, s. a maker of wheels. Whcel'y, a. circular; suitable to rotation. Wheeze, v. to breathe with a noise. Whelk, s. a wrinkle; a pustule ; a wilk. Whelk'y, a. protuberant ; embossed. Whelm, v. to cover over or completely, to immerse, to bury. Whelp, s. the young of a dog, lion, &c. Whelp, v. to bring forth voung as beasta When, ad. at the time that ; at what time (interrogatively); after the time that. Whence, ad. from what place (interroga- tively) ; from which source or cause. Whenceso'ever, ad. from whatsoever place source, or cause. Whenev'er, ad. at whatsoever time. Whensoever, ad. at what time soever. Where, ad. at which place, at what place, at the place in which. Where'about, ad. near what place. Whereas', ad. when on the contrary ; the thing being so that. Whereat', ad. at which. Whereby', ad. by which or by what. Where'fore, ad. for which or what reason. Wherein', ad. in which or what. Whereinto', ad. into which. W hereof, ad. of which, of what. Whereon', ad. on which, on what. Wheresoev'er, ad. in what place soever. Wherethrou'gh, ad. through which. Whereto', Whereunto', ad. to or unto which. Whereupon', ad. on or upon which. Wherev'er, ad. at whatever place. Wherewith', ad. with which, with what. Wherewithal', ad. with which, with what. Wher'ret, s. a box on the ear. Wher'ret, v. to hurry, to tease, &c. Wher'ry, s. a light river boat. Wher'ry, v. to convey over in a boat. Whet, v. to sharpen, to edge; to provoke. Whet, s. the act of sharpening; something to sharpen. Wheth'er, conj. expressing one part of a disjunctive question, followed by or. Wheth'er, pr. which of the two. Whef stone, s. a sharpening stone. Whet'tur, s. one that whets or sharpens. Whey, s. the serous or thin part of milk. Whey'ey, Whey'ish, a. like whey. Which, pr. the relative pronoun usually relating to things or irrational creatures. Which'ever, Whichsoever, pr. whether one or the other. Whiff, s. a puff, a blast, a breath. Whiff, v. to emit with whiffs. Whiffle, v. to disperse as by a puff; to move inconstantly, as if driven about by whiffs or puffs. Whiffle, s. formerly a fife or small lute. Whif fler, s. a fifer ; a shuffler ; a trifler. Whig, s. one who professes to advocate po- pular rights, opposed to Tory. Whig'gish, a. inclined to Whiggism. Whig'gism, s. the principles of the Whigs. While, j. time; a space of time. " To be worth while" means to be worth the time required. While, v. to get through or pass the time. While, Whilst, ad. during the time that, as long as. Whi'lere, ad. a little while ago. Whi'lom, ad. formerly, once, of old. Whim, s. a freak, an odd fancy. Whim'per, v. to cry with a low whining voice as a child. Whim'pering, s. a low whining cry. Whim'pled, a. distorted with crying. Whim'sical, a. full of whims, capricious. Whimsicality, s. state of being whimsical, win 344 WIE Whim'sically, ad. in a whimsical manner, so as to be oddly fanciful. Whim'sicalness, s. state, of being whimsical. Whim 'wham, s. an odd device ; a whim ; a freak, a gewgaw. Whin, s. furze, a prickly bush. Whine, v. to utter a plaintive drawling cry ; to lament effeminately or meanly. Whine, s. a mournful cry, a mean complaint. Whi'ner, s. one who whines. Whin'ny, v. to make a noise like a horse. Whin'ny, a. abounding with whins. Whin'stone, s. a name of basaltic rock. Whin'yard, tf. a large crooked sword. Whip, s. an instrument of correction : v. to strike with a whip, to lash ; to move nimbly ; to snatch or take nimbly. Whip'cord, 5. a cord for whip-lashes. Whip'hand, s. an advantage over another. Whip'lash, s. the small end of a whip. Whip'per, s. one who uses the whip. Whip'ping, s. correction with a whip or rod. Whip'ping-post, s. a pillar to which crim- inals are bound when they are lashed. Whip'-poor-Will, *. an American bird, so called from its note. Whip'saw, s. a large saw for two persons. Whip'ster, s. a nimble fellow, in contempt. Whir, v. to whirl round with noise. Whirl, v. to turn or run round rapidly. Whirl, s. a rapid turning or circumvolution. Whirl'bone, s. the cap of the knee, called also the patella. Whirl'igig, s. a whirling plaything. Whirlpool, s. an eddy of water, a vortex. Whirl'wind, s. a storm moving circularly. Whir'ring, s. a noise, as by a bird's wing. Whisk, j. a small besom or brush for sweep- ing ; a quick, sweeping motion : v. to brush with a whisk ; to move nimbly. Whisk'er, s. a tuft of hair on the cheek. Whis'kered, a. wearing whiskers. Whis'ky, s. a kind of one-horse chaise. Whis'ky, 5. a spirit distilled from grain. Whis'per, s. a low voice; a speaking softly. Whis'per, v. to speak with a low voice. Whis'perer, s. one who whispers. vVhis'pcring, s. speaking in a low voice. Whis'peringly, ad. in a low voice. Whist, s. a game at cards. Whist, v. to silence; to become silent. Whist ! int. bush ! be silent ! Whis'tle, s. a small wind instrument. Whis'tle, v. to form a kind of musical sound by the breath ; to blow a whistle. Whis'tler, s. one who whistles. Whit, s. a point, a jot, a tittle. White, a. having the color of snow, pale; pure : s. a white color: v. to whiten. Whi'te-bait, s. a very small delicate fish. Whi'te-ear, s. the fallow finch. White-lead, s. a carbonate of lead. Whi'te-limed, a. covered with white plaster. Whi'te-livered, a. cowardly; envious. Whi'te-meat, s. food made of milk. Whi'ten, v. to make or grow white. Whi'teness, s. the state of being white. Whi'te-pot, s. a kind of custard. Whi'te-swelling, s. a chronic enlargement of a joint. Whi'te-thorn, s. a species of thorn. Whitewash, v. to make white; to elear. Whitewash, s. a kind of liquid plaster t© whiten the walls of houses. Whi'tewasher, s. one who whitewashes. Whith'er, ad. to which or what place. Whithersoev'er, ad. to whatsoever place. Whi'ting, s. a small fish; a soft chalk. Whi'tish, a. somewhat or rather white. Whi'tishness, 5. a tendency to a white color. Whit'leather, ,?. a leather dressed with alum. Whit'low, s. a swelling on the finger. Whit'ster, s. one who whitens, a bleacher. Whit'sun, a. observed at Whitsuntide. Whit'suntide, s. the feast of Pentecost. Whit'tle, v. to cut. with a knife. Whi'ty-brown, a. between white and brown. Whiz, v. to make a loud humming or his- sing noise : s. a sound that whizzes. Who, a relative pronoun usually referring to persons. See Which. Whoev'er, pr. any person whatever. Whole, a. all, total ; complete ; unbroken ; sound : s. the total or entire of a thing. Wholesale, s. the sale of goods in the lump or in large quantities : a. pertaining to the trade by wholesale. Who'lesome, a. healthy, salutary, sound. Who'lesomely, ad. in a wholesome manner. Who'lesomeness, s. the quality of being wholesome ; salubrity. Who'lly, ad. completely, perfectly. Whom, the objective case of Who. Whomsoever, pr. any person whatever. Whoop, s. shout of pursuit ; a bird. Whoop, v. to shout with a particular noise. Whore, s. a harlot, a fornicatress. Whore, v. to practise lewdness. Who'redom, .$. playing the whore, adultery. Who'rem aster, s. one who keeps whores. Who'reson, s. a bastard: a. spurious. Who'rish, a. unchaste, incontinent. Who'rishneRS, s. the practice of lewdness. Whor'tlebcrry, s the bilberry or heath-berry. Whose, the possessive case of Who or Which. Whosoev'er, Who'so, pr. any person what- ever without exception. Why, ad. for what reason or cause. Wick, j. the cotton of a candle or lamp. Wick'ed, a. vicious, morally bad, sinful, Wick'edly, ad. viciously, sinfully. Wick'edness, s. guilt, moral ill, vice. Wick'er, a. made of twigs or osiers. Wick'et, s. a small door or gate. Wick'liffite, s. a follower of Wickliffe. Wide, a. broad; extended; remote. Wi'dely, ad. broadly, with great extent. Widen, v. to make or grow wide. WiMeness, s. breadth, wide extent. Wi'de-spreading, a. extending far. Wid'geon, 5. the name of a water-fowl. Wid'ow, s. a woman whose husband is dead. Wid'ow, v. to deprive of a husband. Wid'ow r er, 5. a man whose wife is dead. Wid'owhood, s the state of a widow. Wid'owhunter, s. one who courts widows for the sake of a jointure. Width, s. breadth or wideness. Wield, v. to handle with full command or power, as though not too heavy for the- ho'der ; to sway. Wield'less, a. that cannot be wielded. WIE 345 WIN Wield'y, a. capable of being -wielded. Wife, s. a woman that is married. Wi'fehood, 5. state of a wife. Wi'folcss, a. without a wife, unmarried. Wi'fely, a. becoming a wife. Wig, s. See Periwig. Wight, s. a being, a person. Wig'wam, s. an Indian cabin. Wild, a. not tame, not domesticated; not cultivated ; desert ; savage ; uncouth ; done without plan ; fanciful. Wild, s. a desert, an uninhabited country. Wil'der, v. to lose in a wilderness ; to be- wilder; to puzzle. Wil'derness, s. a wild uninhabited tract of land, a desert. Wi'ldfire, s. a small fire-work; a disease. Wi'ld-fowl, s. untamed fowls. Wi'ldgoose, s an aquatic fowl of passage. Wi'ldgoose-chase, s. a vain foolish pursuit. Wi'lding, s. the name of a wild sour apple. Wild'ly, ad. without cultivation. Wild'ness, s. state or quality of being wild. Wile, s. deceit, fraud, trick, shift. Wile, v. to deceive, to beguile. Wilful, a. headstrong; intentional. Wil'fully, ad. obstinately; on purpose. Wilfulness, s. obstinacy, perverseness. Wi'lily, ad. by stratagem, fraudulently. Wi'liness, s. guile, cunning. Wilk, s. a kind of periwinkle, a sea-snail. Will, *. the faculty of the mind by which we determine to do or not to do ; inclina- tion ; choice; determination; command; direction ; the legal instrument which dis- poses of a person's property after death according to his wishes. Will, v. to wish, to desire ; to determine ; to direct ; to dispose of effects by will. Willing, a. inclined to any thing; desirous. Wil'lingly, ad. with one's own consent, with free will, by choice Wil'lingness, s. consent, ready compliance. Will-o'-the-wisp. s. Jack-a- lantern, an ignis fatuns. Wil'low, s. a tree with pliant branches, a garland of which was said to be worn by forlorn lovers. Wil'lowed, a. abounding with willows. Wil'lowish, a. like the color of a willow. Wil'lowy, a. abounding with willows. Wi'ly, a. sly, cunning, full of stratagem. Wim'ble, s. an instrument for boring holes. Wim'ble, v. to bore. Wim'ple, 5. a hood, a veil. Wim'ple, v. to draw down, as a hood. Win, v. to gain by success in competition; to gain a victory ; to be successful at play. Wince, v. to twist or turn the body from the impatience of pain or other cause; to start back, to shrink. Win'cer, s. one that winces or shrinks. Winch, s. a handle to turn a wheel or screw. Wind, s. air in motion, a current of air; breath modulated by an instrument; fla- tulence : v. to blow ; to ventilate ; to sound by inflation, as, " to wind a horn." Wind, v. to turn round, to twist ; to en- wrap ; to encircle ; to bring up into a ball or small compass; to bring to a conclusion ; to put in tune. Wind'bound. a. detained by contrary winds. Wi'nder, s. he who or that which winds. Wind'fall, s. fruit blown down by the wind; an advantage coming unexpectedly. Wind'fallen a. blown down by the wind. Wind'flower. s. a nower, the anemone. Wind'-gage, s. an instrument for ascertain- ing the velocity or force of wind. Wind'-gall, s. a soft tumour on the fetlock joints of a horse. Wind -gun, ,v. a gun to discharge a bullet by letting loose the air pent up within. Wind'iness, 5. state of being windy. Wi'nding. a. bending, turning, twisting: J. a bending, a flexure. Wi'nding-sheet, s. a sheet in which the dead are enwrapped or shrouded. Wi'nding-tackle, 5. a tackle of one fixed triple block and a movable one. Wind'-instrument, s. an instrument of music played by wind or breath. Wind'lass, 5. a machine for raising weights. Win'dle, s. a spindle, a reel. Wind'mill, s. a mill turned by the wind. Win'dow, J. an opening in a house for light and air ; the glass it contains. Win'dow-blind, s. a blind to intercept the light of a window. Win'dow-sash, s. the light frame in which the panes are set. Wind'pipe, s. the passage for the breath. Wind'-pump, s. a pump worked by wind. Wind'tight, a. not admitting the wind. Wind'ward, a. lying towards the wind: s. the point from which the wind blows : ad. towards the wind. Wind'y, a. consisting of wind ; next to the wind; tempestuous; flatulent. Wine, s. the fermented juice of grapes, &c. Wi'ne-bibber, s. he who drinks much win?. Wi'ne-cask, s. a cask for holding wine. Wi'ne-glass, s. a small drinking glass. Wi'ne-measure, s. the measure by which wine and spirits are sold. Wi'ne-morchant, s. he who deals in wine Wi'ne-prcss, s. the press in which the juice of the grapes is extracted. Wing, s. the limb of a bird by which it flies; the side of an army ; any side-piece. Wing, v. to fly; to wound on the wing. Wing'ed, a. having wings; flying; rapid; wounded on the wing. Wing'footed, a. swift, nimble, fleet. Wing'less, a. not having wings. Wing'-shell, s. the shell-sheath that covers the wings of insects. Wing'y, a. having wings; like wings ; rapid. Wink, s. to shut the eyes; to shut the eyes and open them ; to give a hint by the mo- tion of the eyelids ; to seem not to see, to connive. Wink, v. the act of winking ; a motion of the eye ; a hint or intimation given by the motion of the eye. Wink'er. s. o7ie who winks. Wink'ingly, ad. with the eye almost closed. Win'ner, s. one who wins, one who gains. Win'ning, a. attractive, charming. Win'ning, 5. the sum won. Win'now, v. to separate grain from chaff by means of the wind; to fan. Q3 WIN 346 \V r ON Win'some, a. pleasing, cheerful. Win'ter, s. the cold season of the year. Win'ter, v. to pass the winter; to feed or manage during the winter. Win'ter-beaten, a. narassed or impaired by wintry or severe wether. Win'terly, a. suitable to winter. Win'ter-quarters, s. a winter residence or station, particularly of an army. Win'try, a. like winter, cold, stormy. Wi'ny, a. like or having the taste of wine. Wipe, v. to cleanse by rubbing with some- thing soft ; to clear away ; to efface. Wipe, s. a rubbing or cleansing ; a b'ow ; a gibe or jeer. Wi'per, j. he or that which wipes. Wire, s. a metal drawn out into threads. Wire, v. to bind with wire. Wi'redraw, v. to draw into wire ; to spin out. Wi'redrawer, s. one who makes wire. Wi'redrawing, s. the art of drawing out metal into wire ; a spinning out. Wi'reworm, s. a mischievous worm in grain. Wi'ry, a. made of wire ; like wire. Wis, v. to think, to imagine ; to know. Wis'dom, s. the quality of being wise; knowledge practically and prudently ap- plied; prudence. Wise, a. knowing, judging aright, prudent. Wise, s. manner or way of being or acting. Wi'seacre, s. a fool, a simpleton. Wi'seling, s. one pretending to be wise. Wi'sely, ad. judiciously, prudently. Wish, s. a longing desire, a thing desired. Wish, v. to have a strong desire, to long for Wish'er, s. one who longs or wishes. Wish'ful, a. showing desire, longing. Wish'fully, ad. earnestly, with longing. Wisp, s. a small bundle of straw or hay. Wist, the past tense of Wis. Wist'ful, a. full of thought, attentive. Wist'fully, ad. thoughtfully, attentively. Wit, s. the intellect, the understanding, sense ; judgment ; quickness of fancy ; the power of exhibiting ludicrous points of analogy or resemblance between things in other respects completely dissimilar; hu- mour ; a man of wit, a man of genius. Wit, v. as in the phrase " To wit," which means to weet or to know ; also, namely. Witch, s. a woman who was supposed to have made a compact with evil spirits, and by their means to operate supernaturally, a sorceress : v. to bewitch, to enchant. Witch'craft, s. the practice of witches. Witch'-elm, s. a kind of elm. Witch'ery, s. enchantment, sorcery. Witch'-hazel, s. a species of elm. Wit'craft, s. invention, contrivance. With, prep, noting joining, connexion ; cause ; means ; by. With'al, ad. along with the rest ; besides. Withdraw', v. to draw back, retire, retreat. Withdrawing, s. the act of retiring. With'traVing-room, s. a room to retire to, usually called a drawing-room. Withe, s. a willow twig, a band of twigs. With'er, v. to fade; to dry up. Wth'eredness, s. the being withered. With'ers, s. the joint uniting the neck and shoulders of a horse. With'er-wrung, a. hurt in the withers. Withhold, v. to hold or keep back, to re- frain ; to refuse. Within', prep, in the inner part; not be- yond : ad. in the inner part, inwardly. Without', prep, on the outside, not within ; not with : in a s,tate of absence from : ad. externally; out of doors : conj. unless. Withstand', v. to oppose, to resist. Withstan'der, s. one who withstands. With'y, s. a willow, the shoot of a willow. With'y, a. made of withes ; like a withe. Wit'less, a. wanting understanding. Wit'lessly, ad. without judgment. Wit'ling, s. a petty pretender to wit. Witness, s. testimony ; one who gives testi- mony: v. to bear testimony, to attest. Wit'nesser, s. one who gives testimony. Wits, s. pi. senses, understanding. Wit'snapper, 5. one who affects repartee. Wit'ted, a. having wit; as, quick-witted. Wittenagem'ot, s. an assembly of wise men; the parliament of the Saxon's. Wit'ticism, s. an attempt at wit. Wit'tily, ad. in a witty manner. Wit'tiness, s. the quality of being witty Wit'tingly, ad. knowingly, by design. Wit'tol, s. one who knows his wife's faith- lessness and seems contented. Wit'tolly, ad. like a wittol, cuckoldly. Wit'-wall, s. the great spotted woodpecker. Wit'ty, a. having wit or humour. Wive, v. to marry, to take a wife. Wiz'ard, s. a conjuror, a cunning man: a. enchanting, haunted by wizards. Wiz'en, v. to wither; to shrivel Woad, j. a plant used in dyeing. Woe, s. grief, sorrow, misery; a curse. Woe'begone, a. distracted with woe. Wo'ful, a. sorrowful ; calamitous. Wo'fully, ad. sorrowfully; mournfully. Wo'fulness, s. misery ; calamity Wold, s. See Weald. Wolf, s. a fierce wild animal of the dog kind ; a corrosive ulcer. Wolfdog, s. a large dog to guard sheep. Wolf-fish, s. a fierce voracious fish. Wolfish, a. fierce like a wolf. Wolf'net, s. a kind of large fishing-net. Wolfs'bane, s. a poisonous plant. Wolf's-milk, s. the name of a herb. Wol'verin, Wol'verene, s. the glutton. Wom'an, s. the female of the human race. Wom'an-hater, s. one who hates women. Wom'anhood, s. the state of a woman. Wom'anish, a. suitable to a woman. Wom'anize, v. to effeminate, to soften. Wom'ankind, s. the female sex. Wom'anly, a. in the manner of a woman. Womb, s. the uterus or place of the fetus in the mother; the place where any thing is produced. Womb, v. to enclose ; to breed in secret Wnm'en, s. the plural of Woman. Won'der, s. the emotion excited by anything strange and inexplicable ; surprise ; admi- ration ; cause of wonder ; any thing strange and inexplicable. Won'der, v. to be struck or affected with wonder or surprise. Won'derer, s. one who wonders. WON 347 TV OR Won'derful, a. admirable, strange. Won'derfully, ad. in a -wonderful manner. Won'derfulness, s. state or quality of being •wonderful or amazing. Won'derment, s. astonishment, amazement. Won'derstruck, a. amazed, astonished. Won'der-working, a. doing surprising things. Won'drous, a. admirable, marvellous ; in a wondrous manner. Won'drously, ad. in a -wondrous manner. Wont, s. custom ; habit: a. accustomed. Wont, v. to be accustomed or used to. Wo'nt, colloquially, for will not. Wont'ed, a. accustomed, usual. Wont'edness, s. state of being accustomed to. Woo, v. to court, to make love, to sue. Wood, s. a large and thick collection of growing trees, a forest; the substance of trees, timber. Wood'ashes, s. ashes of burnt wood. Wood'bine, s. the honeysuckle. Wood'-coal, 5. charcoal. Wood'cock, s. a migratory bird. Woodcul'ver, s. the woodpigeon. Wood'-drink, s. a decoction or infusion of medicinal wood. Wood'ed, a. supplied or tbick with wood. Wood'en, a. made of wood ; clumsy. Wood'-engraving, s. the ait of engraving on wood, xylography. Wood'fretter, s. an insect that eats wood. Wood'god, j. a fabled sylvan deity. Wood'hole, s. a place for storing wood. Wood'iness, s. the state of being woody. Wood'land, s. land covered with woods. Wood'land, a. covered with wood. Wood'lark, s. a melodious wild lark. Wood'louse, s. an insect found in old wood. Wood'man, s. one who cuts down timber; a sportsman, a hunter. Wood'-mite, s. a small insect in old wood. Wood'-note, s. a wild musical note. Wood'-nymph, s. a nymph of the woods. Wood'-offering, s. wood burnt on an altar. Wood'pecker, s. the name of a bird. Wood'pigeon, s. a wild pigeon. Wood'reevc, s. an officer formerly over the woods and forests. Compare Portreeve, &c. Wood'roof, s. the name of a plant. Wood'stone, s. a subspecies of hornstone. Wood'ward, s. a warden of the forests. Wood'worm, s. a worm bred in wood. VVood'y, a. abounding with wood; ligneous. Woo'er, s. one who courts, a lover of women. Woof, s. the threads that cross the warp. Woo'ingly, ad. so as to invite to stay Wool, s. the soft kind of hair which grows on sheep ; short thick hair. Wool'comber, s. one who dresses wool. Wool'fel, s. a skin with the wool on. Wool'lon, a. made or consisting of wool. Wool'len, s. cloth made of wool. Wool'lendraper, s. a dealer in woollen goods. Wool'liness, s. state of being woolly. Wool'ly, a. consisting of wool: like wool. Wool'pack, S. a bag or pack of wool. Woolsack, s. a bag of wool ; the seat of the Lord Chancellor in the House of Lords. Wool'stapler, s. one who deals in wool. Woots, s. a very hard kind of steel from the East Indies Word, s. an articulate sound representing an idea; a single part of speech ; a short conversation ; talk, discourse ; a verbal promise, parole ; a military sign or token ; a message or intelligence; the Scriptures or Word of God ; Christ. Word, v. to express in words ; to dispute. Word'-catcher, s. one who cavils at words. Word'er, s. one who uses many words. Word'iness, s. verbosity. Word'ing, s. the act or manner of expres- sing in words. Word'less, a. without words, silent. Word'y, a. full of words, verbose. Wore, the past tense of Wear. Work, s. labour, toil, employment, action, operation; any thing made; a literary composition. Work, v. to labour, to toil ; to act, to oper- ate ; to make or form by labour, to manu- facture ; to be agitated ; to ferment. Work'er, s. one that works. Work'fellow, 5. one engaged in the same work with another. Work'folk, s. persons employed in working. Work'house, s. a receptacle for parish poor. Work'ing, p. and a. operating; labouring. Work'ing, s. operation ; fermentation. Work'ing-day, s. a day for work. Work'man, s. an artificer, a labourer. Work'manlike, a. like a workman, skilful. Work'manly, a. workmanlike, skilful. Work'manship, s. manufacture, skill, art. Work'shop, s. a shop to work in. Workwoman, s. one skilled in needlework. World, s. the earth ; the present state of existence; mankind; society, public life ; course of life ; a great number or quantity, as, " a world of trouble." World'liness, s. quality of being worldly. World'ling, s. a worldly-minded person. World'ly, a. belonging or relating to this world or life, temporal; devoted to t^iis world ; covetous. Worldly-mind'ed, a. having the mind occu- pied with the affairs of the world ; selfish. Worldly-mind'cdness, s. the state of being worldly-minded. Worm, s. any small crawling thing without feet or with very short ones, an earth- worm, a grub; a reptile, a serpent; any spiral thing. Worm, v. to work slowly and secretly. Worm 'eaten, a. gnawed by worms ; old. Worm'hke, a. resembling a worm. Worm-povv'dcr, s. a powder for expelling worms from the stomach. Worm'wood, s. the name of a bitter herb. Worm'y, a. full of worms, having worms. Worn, the past participle of Wear. Wor'nil, s. a maggot found in cows' backs. Wor'rier. *. one who worries or torments. Wor'ry, s. to tear, to mangle ; to harass. Worse, a. the comparative degree of Bad. Worse, ad. in a worse manner. Wor'ship, s. dignity or worth of character; a title of honor, specially addressed to magistrates ; respect, reverence ; an act of religious reverence or adoration. Wor'ship, v. to perform acts of adoration; to venerate. WOE 34S Y A R Wor'shipful, a. deserving of respect or re- verence ; a title of honor. Wor'shipfully, ad. respectfully. Worshipper, s. one that worships. Worst, a. the superlative degree of Bad. Worst, s. the most evil state. Worst, v. to defeat, to overthrow. Worsted, s. woollen yarn, wool spun. Wors'ted, a. consisting of worsted. Wort, s. ale or heer not fermented. Wort. s. a herb; a plant of the cabbage kind. Worth, a. deserving of; equal in value to. Worth, s. price, value, desert; importance. Wor'thily, ad. suitably, justly, deservedly. Worthiness, .s. worth, desert, excellence. Worth/less, a. undeserving, unworthy. Worth'lessness, s. want of worth or value. Wor'thy, a. deserving, meritorious, estima- ble, valuable, suitable: s. a man of emi- nent worth. Wound, s. a hurt : v. to hurt by violence. Wound'er, s. one that wounds. Wound'less, a. exempt from wounds. Wound'wort, s. the name of an herb. Wo'ven, a. formed by weaving. Wrack. See Wreck. Wran"gle, v. to altercate, to dispute cap- tiously and noisily : s. an altercation, a noisy quarrel. Wran"gler, s. a quarrelsome person ; a title with the epithet senior, second, &c, given at Cambridge to the student who passes the best examination, the next best, &c. Wran'gling, s. the act of disputing noisily ; perverse and noisy disputation. Wrap, v. to roll or fold together, to involve, to comprise, to enclose. Wrap'per, s. one that wraps ; that in which any thing is wrapped or enclosed ; a cloth or paper cover. Wrap'ping, a. used for wrapping or cover- ing : s. that in which any thing is wrapped. Wrath, s. violence, vengeance. Wrath'ful, a. angry, raging, furious. Wrath'fully, ad. furiously, passionately. Wrath'less, a. free from anger. Wreak, v. to execute with a purpose of ven- geance, to inflict: s. revenge, vengeance. Wreak'ful, a. revengeful, angry. Wreak'lcss, a. unrevenging, impotent. Wreath, s. a garland ; any thing twisted. Wreath, v. to turn, to twist, to curl. Wreath'y, a. spiral, twisted, curling. Wreck, .y. a shipwreck ; destruction, ruin. Wreck, v. to suffer wreck ; to ruin. Wreck'ful, a. causing wreck Wren, s. the name of a very small bird. Wrench, v. to pull with a violent twist ; to strain: s. a violent twist ; a sprain. Wrest, v. to twist from by violence or force; to distort, to pervert : s. distortion. Wres'tle, v. to struggle for a fall. Wres'tler, s. one skilled in wrestling. Wrest'ling, s. an athletic exercise ; a strug- gling; strife. Wretch, 5. a miserable or worthless person. Wretch'ed, a. miserable; despicable. Wretcli'edly, ad. miserably ; despicably. Wretch 'edness, -y. misery, despicableness. Wrig'gle, v. to move to and fro with short twisting motions. Wright, s. a workman, an artificer. Wring, v. to twist ; to force from by twist- ing ; to extort; to squeeze, to press; to torture ; to writhe ; to pervert. Wring'ing, s. a squeezing out by contortion. Wrin"kle, s. a crease in cloth. &e. Wrin"kle, v. to cause creases or wrinkles. Wrist, s. the joint of the hand to the arm. Wrist'band, s. the band or fastening of the shirt at the wrist. Writ, j. that which is written ; Scripture; a legal process or instrument. Write, v. to express by means of letters. Wri'ter, s. an author; one who writes. Writhe, v. to twist, to distort, to be dis- torted with pain or agony. Writing, s. any thing written with pen and ink ; a composition ; a book. Wri'ting, a. used or intended for writing. Wri'ting-master. s. one who teaches to write. Wri'tings, s. pi. legal conveyances, &c. Wrong, a. not right; not just; unfit, un- suitable, erroneous: s. a violation of right, an injustice ; error: v. to injure; to do injustice to. W rongdo'er, s. he that does wrong. Wrong'er, s. one that injures. Wrong'ful, a. unjust, injurious. Wrong'fully, ad. unjustly, injuriously. Wronghead'ed, a. having a perverse under- standing; foolishly obstinate. Wronghead'edness, s. perverseness; obsti- nacy in what is wrong. Wrong'less, a. void of wrong. Wrong'ly, ad. unjustly; amiss. Wrong'ness, s. wrong disposition. Wroth, a. angry, enraged, provoked. Wrought, p. and a. performed; formed by work or labour, manufactured. Wry, a. crooked, distorted, wrested. Wry, v. to be distorted; to distort. Wry'neck, s. a distorted neck , a disease in sheep : a. having a distorted neck. Wry'ness, s. state of being wry. Xe'beck, s. a small three-masted vessel na vigated in the Mediterranean. Xenod'ochy, s. hospitality to strangers. Xiph'ias, s. the sword-fish ; a comet in figure resembling a sword. Xiphoid, a. the sword-formed cartilage or gristle at the bottom of the breast bone. Xylog'raphy, s. the art of engraving on wood. Y. Yacht, 5. a small ship with one deck, con- trived for swiftness and pleasure. Ya'ger, s. a light-armed horseman. Yahoo', s. (a word coined by Swift) a savage. Yam, J. an esculent root of tropical climates. Yan'kee, s. originally the North American Indian pronunciation of the word English, but subsequently applied to the citizens of the United States generally. Yard, s. a measure of three feet, a pole for measuring a yard ; a long slender piece of timber attached to the masts of ships for the supports of sails. YAK. 349 ZEP Yard, s. ground enclosed adjoining a house; a court, an area. Yard'arm, s. half of the yard on either side of the mast. Yard'stick,Yard'wand,.j. a measure of a yard. Yare, a. ready, dexterous, eager. Yare'ly, ad. dexterously, skilfully. Yarn, s. spun wool ; woollen thread. Yarr, v. to growl or snarl like a dog. Yar'row, *. a plant, milfoil. Yaw, s. the unsteady indirect motion which a ship makes in a great swell. Yawl, s. a small ship-boat. Yawn, v. to gape; to open wide : s. a gaping, an oscitation, a hiatus. Yawn'ing, s. the act of gaping: a. gaping. Yclad', p. and a. clad, clothed. Yclep'ed, p. and a. called, named. Ye, pr. two or more persons addressed. Yea, ad. yes, correlative to nay. Yean, v. to bring forth young as sheep. Yean'ling, s. the young of sheep. Year, j. the term of twelve calendar months. i"ear-book, s. a book containing annual re- ports of cases adjudged in the courts of England from Edward II. to Henry VII. Yearling, s. an animal one year old. Year'ling, a. being a year old. Year'ly, a. happening every year; lasting a year: ad. once a year, annually Yearn, v. to feel an emotion of tenderness; to long for ; to grieve, to vex. Yearn'ing, s. an emotion of tenderness. Years, s.'pl. old age, as " in years.'" Yeast. See Yest. Yell, v. to make a howling noise. Yell, s. a howl, a cry of distress. Yel'low, a. a color resembliug gold : s. yel- low color: v. to make yellow. Yel'low-fever, J. a disease of warm climates. Yel'low-hammer, s. a small bird. Yel'lowish, a. approaching to yellow. Yel'lowishness, s. quality of being yellowish. Yel'lowness, s. the quality of being yellow. Yel'lows, s. a disease in horses, cattle, and sheep, in which the eyes are tinged with a yellow color. Yelp, v. to bark as a hound. Yelp'ing, s. the act of barking as a dog. Yeo'man, s. a man of small estate in land, a freeholder, a farmer; an officer or guard in the king's household. Yeo'manlike, a. like a yeoman. Yeo'manly, a. of or belonging to a yeoman. Yeo'manry, s. a collective body of yeomen. Yerk, v. to jerk, to move as with a sudden spring: s. a jerk, a quick motion. Yern, v. See Yearn. Yes, ad. a term of affirmation, yea, truly. Yest, Yeast, s. the froth or spume in the working of new ale or beer ; barm. Yes'ter, a. last, last past ; next before the present, as, " yester sun," but seldom used except in the compounds which follow. Yes'terday, s. the day last past. Yes'ternight, s. the night last past. Yest'y, a. frothy, spumy, foamy. Yet, conj. nevertheless, notwithstanding: ad. besides, still, at least; even, hitherto. Yew, s. a tree of tough wood. Yow'en, a. made of or resembling yew. Yield, v. to produce, to afford : to give up, Yield'ance, s. the act of complying with. Yield'er, s. one who yields. Yield'ing, s. the act of giving up or surren- dering ; submission. Yield'ingly, ad. with compliance. Yield'ingncss, s. disposition to yield. Yoke, s. a bandage for the neck ; a mark of servitude; a chain; a bond; a couple ; a pair of draught oxen. Yoke, v. to put a yoke on ; to join in a yoke, as a pair of oxen ; to couple or join with another; to bring into bondage. Yo'keftllow, s. a companion in labour. Yolk, s. the yellow part of an egg. Yon, Yond, Yon'der, a. being within view. Yore, ad. of long time past, of old time. You, pr. the persons spoken to in the no^- minative or objective case. Young, a. youthful, not old ; tender. Young, s. the offspring of any animal. Young'er, a. more young, not so old. Young'est, a. the most young of all. Young'ish, a. somewhat young. Young'ling, s. a young animal. Young'ly, a. youthful: ad. early in life. Young'ster, Younk'er, 5. a young person. Your, pr. belonging to you. Yourself, pr. the reciprocal and emphatic form of You. Youth, s. one past childhood ; tender age ; young men collectively. Youth'ful, a. young, fresh, vigorous. Youth'fully, ad. in a youthful manner. Yt'tria, s. one of the earths, (named from Ytterby. a quarry in Sweden.) Yt'trious, a. pertaining to yttria; containing yttria. Yt't.rium, s. the metallic base of yttria. Yule, s. the name anciently given to Christ- mas, or the feast of the nativity of our Saviour. Yu'leblock, s. a large log of wood put be- hind the fire at Christmas time. Za'ny, s. a buffoon, a merry-andrew. Zea, s. the generic name of maize. Zeal, s. ardour in some pursuit or in support of some cause ; warmth ; earnestness. Zeal'ot, *. a person full of zeal ; a fanatic. Zeal'otry, s. behaviour of a zealot. Zeal'ous, a. having zeal, ardent. Zeal'ously, ad. in a zealous manner. Zeal'ousness, s. quality of being zealous. Ze'bra, s. an animal like an ass, but beau- tifully striped. Ze'chin, Se'quin, s. a Venetian gold coin, value about nine shillings. Zend, s. the language of the Magi and an- cient fire-worshippers of Persia,. Zen'davesta, s. the sacred book of the mo- dern fire-worshippers, ascribed to Zoro- aster, and regarded as the sole rule of faith and practice. It is often called Zend by contraction. Zen'ith, s. that point in the heavens directly over our heads, opposite the Nadir. Zeph'yr, Zeph'yrus, j. the west wind; poet- ically, any calm soft wind. ZEE 350 ZOO Ze'ro, s. the cipher ; the point from which a thermometer is graduated. (The zero of Fahrenheit is fixed at the point at which mercury stands when immersed in a mixture of snow and common salt ; that of Reaumur is fixed at the freezing-point, or thirty-two degrees of Fahrenheit.) Zeug'ma, s. a figure in rhetoric. Zest, s. a piece of orange or lemon peel, used to give flavour to liquor ; a relish ; a taste added : v. to give a relish to. Zig'zag, s. a turning short ; a sudden wind- ing : a. having sharp and quick turns : v . to form with short and quick turns. Zinc, s. a metal or semi-metal of a brilliant white color, with a shade of blue. Zo'diac, s. a great circle, or rather a broad belt of the sphere, containing the twelve signs through which the sun passes in its [ annual course. The centre of this belt is the ecliptic. Zodi'acal, a. relating to the zodiac. Zone, s. a girdle ; a division of the earth, as the torrid zone, &c. Zo'ned, a. wearing a zone. Zoog'rapher, s. one versed in zoography. Zoograph'ieal, a. pertaining to zoography Zoog'raphy, s. a description of the forms, natures, and properties of animals. Zo'olite, s. an animal substance in a petri- fied or fossil state. Zoolo"gical, a. pertaining to zoology. Zoolo"gically, ad. according to zoology. Zool'ogist, s. one versed in zoology. Zool'ogy, s. that part of natural history which treats of animals. Zoophit'ic, a. of the nature of a zoophyte. Zo'ophyte, s. a body which partakes both of vegetable and animal nature. Zoot'omist, s. one skilled in zootomy. Zoot'omy, s. a dissection of the bodies of brutes ; the anatomy of beasts. C 351 ] A VOCABULARY OF SCEIPTUBE PEOPEE NAMES, ACCENTED AND DIVIDED FOR PRONUNCIATION. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. In Scripture proper names, the letters have their usual English sounds, except in the fol* lowing cases: — 1 . The combination ch is always pronounced hard, that is, lite k, except in the worda Cherub, (an angel,*) Cherubim, and Rachel. 2. In Scripture names, the letter g is always hard before e or i, as in Gerazim and Gideon ; except in a few words, in which it has been softened in its passage through the Greek, as in Genezareth and Bethphage. 3. In Scripture names of two syllables the accent is always on the first syllable. This rule Tenders it unnecessary to include in this List Scripture names of two syllables, except when some difficulty or peculiarity requires it. 4. As in English words, c, s, or t, following an accented syllable, takes the sound of sh before such combinations as ia, ee, eo, &c. * But in Cherub, a city of Chaldea, the ch has its usual hard pronunciation (Kerub.) A'a-lar. A'a-ron. Ab'a-cue. Ab'a-dah. A-bad'don. Ab-a-di'as. A-bag'tha. Ab'a-na. Ab'a-rim. Ab'a-ron. Ab-di'as. Ab'di-el. A-bed'ne-go. A'bel Beth-ma'a- cah. A'bel Ma'im. A'bel Me-ho'lath A'bel Mis'ra-im. Ab'e-san. Ab'e-sar. Ab'ga-rus. A-bi'aorA-bi'ah. A-bi-al'bon. A-bi'a-saph. A-bi'a-thar. A-bi'dah. Ab'i-dan. A'bi-el. A-bi-e'zer. A-bi-ez'rite. Ab'i-gail. Ab-i-ha'il. A-bi'hu. A-bi'hud. A-bi'jah. A-bi'jam. Ab-i-le'ne. A-bim'a-el. A-bim'e-lech. A-bin'a-dab. A-bin'o-am. A-bi'ram. A-bi'rom. A-bis'a-i. Ab-i-se'i. Ab'i-shag. A-bish'a-i. A-bish'a-har. A-bish'a-lom. A-bish'u-a. Ab'i-shur. Ab'i-sura. Ab'i-tal. Ab'i-tub. A-bi'ud. A'bram, or A'bra-ham. Ab'sa-lom. A-bu'bus. Ac'a-ron. A c'a-tan. Ac'ca-ron. A-cel'da-ma. A-cha'i-a. A-cha'i-cus. A-chi-ach'a-rus. A-chim'e-lech. A'chi-or. A-chi'ram. Ach'i-tob. A-chit'o-phel. Ach'me-tha. Ac'i-pha. Ac'i-tho. A-cu'a. Ad'a-da, or Ad'a-dah. Ad-ad-e'zer. Ad-ad-rim'mon. Ad-a-i'ah. Ad-a-li'a. Ad'a-ma, or Ad'a-mah. Ad'a-mi. Ad'a-miNe'keb. Ad'a-sa. Ad'a-tha. Ad'be-el. Ad'i-da. A'di-el. Ad'i-na. Ad'i-no. Ad'i-nus. Ad'i-tha. A d-i-tha'im. A i'la-i. Ad'ma-tha. Ad'o-nai. Ad-o-ni'as. A-do-ni-be'zek. Ad-o-ni'jah. A-don'i-kam. A-don-i'ram. A-don'i-ze"dek. A-do'ra. Ad-o-ra"im. A-do'-ram. A-dram'e-lech. A'dri-a. A'dri-el. A-du'el. A-dul'lam. A-dum'mim. A-e-di'as. Ag'a-ba. Ag'a-bus A'gag-ite. Ag'a-renea". Ag'e-e. Ag-ge'us. Ag-noth-ta'bor. A-har'ah. A-har'al. A-has'a-i. A-has-u-e'rus. A-ha'va. A-baz'a-i. A-ha-zi'ah. A-hi'ah. A-hi'am. A-hi-e'zer. A-hi'hud. A-hi'jah. A-hi'kam. A-hi'lud. A-him'a-az. A-hi'man. A-him'e-lech. A-hi'moth. A-hin'a-dab. A-hin'o-am. A-hi'o. A-hi'ra. A-hi'ram. A-hi'ram-itea. A-his'a-mach. A-hish'a-hur. A-hi'sham. A-hi'shar. A-hi'tob. ; A-hit'o-phel. A-hi'tub. A-hi'ud. A-ho'e. A-ho'ah. A-ho'ite. A-ho'lah. A-hol'ba. A-hol'bah. A-ho'li-ab. A-hol'i-bah. A-ho-lib'a-mah. A-hu'ma-i. A-hu'zam. A-huz'zah. A'i. A-i'ah. A'i-ath. A-i'ja. A-i'jah. Ai'ja-lon. Aij'e-leth Sha'har. A'in. A-i'oth. A-i'rus. Ak-rab'bim. A-lam'e-lech. Al'a-meth. Al'a-moth. Al'ci-mus. Al'e-ma. A-le'meth. Al-ex-an'dri-a. Al-ex-an'dri-on. ALl^ 352 BET Al-le-lu'jah. A-pher'e-ma. Ash'be-a. A-zo'tus. Be-a-li'ah. A-li'ah. A-pher'ra. Ash'bel-ites. Az'ri-el. Be'a-loth. A-li'an. A-phi'ah. Ash'doth-ites. Az'ri-kam. Beb'a-i. Al'lom. A-poc'a-lypse. A'she-an. A-zu'bab. Boch-o'rath. Al'Jon BacTrath. A-poc'ry-pba. Ash'i-math. Az'u-ran. Bech'ti-leth Al-mo'dad. A-pol'los. Ash'ke-naz. Az'y-mites. Bed-a-i'ab. Al'ruon, Dib-la- A-pol'ly-on. Ash'pe-naz. Be-el-i'a-da. tha'im. Ap'pa-iin. Ash'ri-cl. Be-el'sa-rus. Al'na-than. Ap'phi-a. Ash'ta-roth. Ba'al. Be-el-teth'mug. Al-phe'us. Aq'ui-la. Ash'te-moth. Ba'al-ah. Be-el'ze-bub. Al-ta-ne'us. A'ra. Ash'ta-roth-ites. Ba'al-ath. Be-e'ra. Al-tas'chith. (1) Ar'a-bab. A-shu'ath. Ba'al -ath Be'er. Bc-e'rah, or Al'te-kon. Ar-a-bat'ti-ne. A-sba'rim. Ba'al Be'rith. Be'rah. A-mad'a-tha. A-ra'bi-a. Ash'ur-ites Ba'al-i. Be-er-e'lim. A-mad'a-thus. A'rad-ite. As-i-bi'as. Ba'al-im. Be-e'ri. A-mal'da. Ar'a-dus. A'si-el. Ba'al -is. Be-er-la-ha'i-roi. Am'a-lek. . Ar'a-rat. As'i-pha. Ba'al Per'a-zim. Be-e'roth. A-noai'e-kitcs. A-rau'nah. As'ke-lon. Ba'al Shal'i-sha. Be-e'roth-ites. Am'a-na. Ar-bat'tis. As'ma-dai. Ba'a-na. Be-er'she-ba. Ani-a-ri'ali. Ar-be'la. As'ma-veth. Ba'a-nab. Be-esh'te-rah. A-ma'sa. Ar-bel'la. As-mo-de'us. Ba'a-nan. Be'he-moth. A-mas'a-i. Ar-bo'nai. As-mo-ne'ans. Ba'a-nath. Bo'la-ites. Am-a-shi'ah. Ar-che-la'us As-nap'per. Ba-a-ni'as. Bel'c-mus. Am-a-the'is. Ar-ches'tra-tus. A-so'chis. Ba'a-ra. Bel'ga-i. Arn'a-this. Ar'che-Yitcs. As'pa-tha. Ba'a-sha. Be'li-al. Am-a-zi'ah. Ar-chi-at'a-roth. As-phar'a-sus. Ba'a-shah. Bel'ma-im. A'mir.'a-dab. Ar-chip'pus. As'ri-el. Ba-a-si'ah. Bel-shaz'zer. A-mit'tai. Areh'ites. As-sa-bi'as. Bab'y-lon. Bel-te-sbaz'zar. A-miz'a-bad. Ard'ites. As-sal'i-motb. Bac-chu'rus. Ben-ai'ah. Am-mad'a-tha. A-re'H. As-sa-ni'as. Bach'uthAl'lon. Ben-am'rni. Arn-mid'i-oi. A-re'lites. As-si-de'ans. Ba-go'as. Ben-ebV-rak. Am'mi-el. A-re-op'a-gite. Ash'ta-rotli. Bag'o-i. Ben-e-ja'a-kam. Am-rni'hud. A-re-op'a-gus. As'ta-roth. Ba-ha'rum-ite. Ben'ha-dad. Am-i-shad'da-i. Ar-e'tas. As-tar'te. Ba-hu'rim. Ben-ha'il. Am'mon-ites. A-vp'us. A-sup'pira. Bak-bak'er. Beii-ha'nan. Am'o-rites. A-vid'a-i. A-syn'cri-tus. Bak-buk-i'ah. Ben'ja-min. Am'pli-as. A-rid'a-tha. At'a-rah. Ba'la-am. Beii'ja-mite. Am'rani-ites. A-ri'eh. A-tar'ga-tis. Bal'a-dan. Ben'ja-mites. Am'ra-phel. A'ri-el. At'a-roth. Bal'a-mo. Ben'i-nu. An'a-el. Ar-i-ma-the'a. At-e-re-zi'as. Bal'a-nus. Ben-u'i. An-a-ha'rath. A'ri-och. Ath-a-i'ah. Bal-tha'sar. Be-no'ni. An-a-i'ah. A-ris'a-i. Ath-a-li'ah. Ba'moth Ba'al. Ben-zo'heth. An'a-kims. Ar-is-to-bu']us. Ath-a-ri'as. Ban-a-i'as. Ber'a-chah. An'a-mim. Ar-ma-ged'don. Ath-p-no'bi-us. Ban'u-as. Ber-a-cbiah. A-nam'e-lech. Ar-mi-shad'a-i. At-ta-li'a. Ba-rab'bas. Ber-a-i'ah. An-a'ni. Ar'ne-pher. At'ta-lus. Bar'a-cbel. Be-re'a. An-a-ni'ah. Ar'o-di. At-thar'a-tes. Bar-a-chi'ah. Be-ri'ah. Avi-a-ni'as. Ar'o-er. Av'a-ran. Bar-a-chi'as. Bcr-ni'ce. A-nan'i-el. Ar'sa-ces. Au'gi-a. Bar-ce'nor. Be-ro'dachBal'a- A-riath'e-ma. Ar-phax'ad. Au-ra-ni'tis. Bar-hu'mites. dan. An'a-thoth. Ar'te-mas. Au-ra'nus. Ba-ri'ah. Ber'o-thai. An"a-thoth'ite. Ar'vad-ites. Au-te'us. Bar-je'sus. Be-ro thath. A'ni-am. Ar'u-both. Az-a-e'Ius. Bar-jo'na. Ber-ze'lus. An'na-as. A-ru'mah. Az-a-li'ah. Bar'na-bas. Bez-o-dei'ah. An-nu'us. As-a-di'as. Az-a-ni'ah. Ba-ro'dis. Beth-ab'a-ra. An-ti-lib'a-nus. As'a-cl. A-za'pbi-on. Bar'sa-bas. Betb-ab'a-rah. An'ti-och. As'a-hel. Az'a-ra. Bar'ta-cus. Beth'a-nath. An-ti'o-chis. As-a-i'ab. A-za're-el. Bar-thol'o-mew. Beth'a-noth. An-ti'o-clms. As'a-na. A z-a-vi'ah . Bar-ti-me'us. Beth'a-ny. An'ti-pas. As'a-phar. Az-a-ri'as. Bar-zil'la-i. Betb-ar'a-bah. An-tip'a-tris. As'a-ra. A-za'zel. Bas'ca-ma. Betb'a-ram. An'ti-pba. A-sar'e-el. Az-a-zi'ah. Ba'shan Ha'voth Beth-ar'bel. An-to'iii-a. As-a-re'lah. Az-baz'a-reth. Ta'ir. Beth-a'ven. An-to-thi'jah. As-baz'atretb. A-ze'kah. Bash'e-math. Beth-az'raa-veth. An'toth-ite. As'ca-lou. Az-e-phu'rith. Bas'ta-i. Beth-ba-al- Ap-a-me'a. A-sc'as. A-zc'tas. Bat'a-ne. me'on. Aph-a-ra'ira. As-e-bi'a. A-zi'a. Bath'a-loth. Beth-ba'ra. A-phar'sath- A-seb-e-bi'a. A-zi'e-i. Bath-rab'bim. Beth-ba'rah. chites. (1) As'e-nath. A'zi-eJ. Bath'she-ba. Beth'ba-si. A-phar'siteg. A-se'rar. A-zi'za. Bath'shu-a. Beth-bir'e-i. A phe'kah, Asb-a-bi'ah. Az'ma-veth. • Bav'a-i. Beth-da'gon. Beth-dib-ia- tha'im. Betb'el-ite. Beth-e'mek. Beth-es'da. Beth-e'zel. Beth-ga'der. Beth-ga'mul. Beth-hac'ce-rim. Beth-haran. Beth-hog'lah Betb-bo'ron. Betb-jes'i-inoth. Beth-leb'a-oth. Beth'le-hem. Beth'le-hem-ite. Beth-lo'mon. Beth-ma'a-cah. Beth-mar'ca- both. Beth-me'on. Beth-nim'rah. Beth-o'ron. Betb-pa'let. Betb-paz'zer. Beth-pe'or. Beth'pha-ge. (2) Betb'phe-let. Beth'ra-bah. Beth'ra-pha. Beth're-bob. Beth-sa'i-da. Beth'sa-mos. Beth-she'an. Beth'she-mesh. Beth-sbit'tah. Beth'si-mos. Beth-tap'pu-a. Beth-su'ra. Be-thu'el. Betb-u-lL'a. Be-to'li-us. Bet-o-mes'tham. Bet'o-mm. Be-u'lah. Be-zal'e-el. Bi'a-tas. Big'tha-na. Big'va-i. Bil'e-am. Bil'ga-i. Bin'e-a. Bin'nu-i. Bir'za-vith. Bi-tlii'ah. Biz-i-jo-tbi'ah. Biz-i-jo-tbL'jah. Bo-a-ner'ges. Boch'e-ru. Bos'o-ra. Brig'an-dinc. Buk-ki'ah. Cai'a-fhas Ca-i'nan. Cal'a-mus. Cal'i-tas. Cal-a-niora-lu8. Cal'va-ry. Ca'na-an. Ca'na-an-itos. BET Ca-per'na-um. Capb-ar-sal'a- mah. Ca-phen'a-tha. Ca-phi'ra. Caph'to-rim. Caph'to-rims. Cap-pa-do'ci-a. Car-a-ba'si-on. Car'cha-mis. Car'che-mish. Ca-re'ah. Ca'ri-a. Car-ma'ni-ans. Car'me. Car'niel-ite. Car'mel-i-tess. Car'na-im. Car'ni-on. Car-she'na. Ca-siph'i-a. Cas'lu-bim. Ca-thu'ath. Ce-le-mi'a. Cen'cre-a. Cen-de-be'us. Cen-tu'ri-on. Clia'di-as. Cliae'ie-as. Chal'ce-do-ny. Chal-de'a. Chan-nu-ne'us. Char-a-ath'a-lar Char'a-ca. Cbar'a-sim. Cha're-a. Cha9'e-ba. Ched-er-la'o-mer Chel'ei-as. Chel'li-ans. Che-lu'bai. Che-lu'bar. Chem'a-vims. Che-na'a-nab. Chen'a-ni. Cben-a-ni'ah. Che'phar Ha- am'-mo-nai Cheph-i'rah. Che're-as. Cher'utb-ims. Cher'etb-ites. Cher'u-btm. (1) Ches'a-lon. Che-sul'loth. Chil'le-ab. Chi-li'on. Chlo'e. Cho-ra'sin, or Cho-ra'slian, or Cho-ra'zin. Chos-a-me'u3. Cho-ze'ba. Chush'an Rislv a-tha'im. Cin'ner-eth, or Cin'ner-oth. Cir'a-ma. Citb'e-rus. Cle-a'sa. Clc'o-phas. , 353 Clo'e. Col-ho'zeh. Col-li'us. Co-los'se. Colos'si-ans. Co-ni'ah. Con-o-iu'ab. Co're. Co-rin'tbi-ana. Cre'ti-ans. Cu'shan Rish- tha'im. Cu'tbe-ans. Cy'a-mon. Cy-re'ne. Cy-re'ni-us. Dab'a-reh. Dab'ba-sheth. Dab'e-rath. Da'bri-a. Da-co'bi. Dad'de-us. Dal-a-i'ab. Dal'i-lah. Dal-ma-nu'tba Dam'a-ris. Dam-a-scenes'. Dan-ja'an. Dan'i-el. Dan'o-brath. Da'ri-an. Datb'e-mah. Deb'o-rah. De-cap'o-lis. Ded'a-nim. Ded'a-nims. De-ha'vites. Del-a-i'ah. Del'i-lah. Der'be. De-u'el. Deu-ter-on'o-my Dib'la-im. Dib'za-bab. Di'drachm. Did'y-mus. Dil'e-an. Di-mo'nah. Di'na-ites. Din'ha-bab. Di-ot'ie-phes. Diz'a-hab. Dod'a-i. Dod'a-nim. Dod'a-vah. Do-rym'e-nes. Do-sith'c-us. Do'tba-im. E'a-nas. E-bod'me-lech. Eb en-e'zer. E bi'a-saph. E-bro'nah. E-ca'nus. Eo-bat'a-na. Ec-cle-si-as'tes. Ec-cle-si-as'ti- cus. E'di-as. EUN E'dom-ites. Ed're-i. Eg'la-im. Ek're-bel. Ek'ron-ites. El'a-dah. E'lam-ites. El'a-sah. El-beth'el. El'ci-a. El'da-ah. E'le-ad. E-le-a'ieb. E-le'a-sah. E-le-a'zer. E-le-a-zu'rus. El-el-o'he Ls'- ra-el. E-leu'the-rus. El-eu-za'i. El-ha'nan. E-li'ab. E-li'a-da. E-li'a-dah. E-li'a-dun. E-li'ah. E-li'ah-ba. E-li'a-kim. E-li'a-li. E-li'am. E-li'as. E-li'a-saph. E-li'a-sbib. E-li'a-sis. E-]i'a-tha, or E-H'a-thah. E-li-a'zar. E-li'dad. E'li-el. E-li-e'na-i. E-li-e'zer. E-li'ha-ba. El-i-hce'na-i. El-i-bo'reph. E-li'hu. E-li'as. E-li'jah. El'L-ka. E-lim'e-lech. E-li-ce'na-i. E-li-o'nas. El'i-phal. E-liph'a-leh. El'i-phaz. E-liph'e-let. E-lis'a-beth. El-i-sas'us. E-lt'sha E-li'shah. E-lish'a-ina. E-lish'a-mah. E-lish'a-phat. E-lish/e-ba. El-i-shu'a. E-lis'i-mus. E-li'u. E-li'ud. E-liz'a-phan. El-i-se'us. E-li'zur. El'ka-nah. El'ko-sMfcc. El'la-sar. El'mo-dara. El'na-am. El'na-than. E'lon-ites. E'lon Beth'ha- nan. El'pa-al. El'pa-let. El-pa'ran. El'te-keh. El'te-keth. El'te-kon. El'to-lad. E-lu'za-i. El-y-ina'is. El'v-mas. El'za-bad. El'za-pban. Em-al-cu'el. 'Em-man 'u-el. Em'ma-us. En-eg-la'im. En-e-mes'sar. E-ne'ni-as. En-gan'nim. En'ge-di. En-bad'dah. En-bak'ko-re. En-ha'zor. En-misli'pat. En-rim'mon. En-ro'gel. En'sbe-mesh. En-tap'pu-ah. Ep'a-pbras. E-paph-ro-di'tus E-pen'e-tus. E']ihes-dam"min Epli'pba-tha. E'phra-im. E'phra-im-ites. Eph'ra-tah. Eph'rath-ites. E'raii-ites. E-ras'tus. E-sa'i-as. E'sai-bad''don. Es-dre'lon. Es'e-bon. E-se'bri-aa. Esh'ba-al. E'.sbe-an. Esh'ka-lon. Esh'ta-ol. Esh'tau-lites. Esh-tern'o-a. Esh'te-moth. Es-ma-chi'ah. E-so'ra. Es-senes'. Est/ha.ol. Etb'a-Tiim. Et'h'ba-al. Eth'nan. Eu-as'i-bus. Eu-bu'lus. E-vil-nuT-o'daoh Eu'iia-than. Eu-ni'oe. EUO 354 JED Eu-o'di-as. Eu-pol'e-mus. Eu-roc'ly-don. Eu'ty-chus. Ex'o-dus. Ez'ba-i. Ez-e-chi'as. Ez-e-ki'as. E-ze'ki-el. Ez-e-ri'as. E-zi'as. E'zi-on-ge"ber. Ez'ra-hite. Ez'ri-el. Ga'al. Ga'ash. Gab'a-el. Gab'a-tha. Gab'ba-tha. Ga'bri-as. Ga'bri-el. Gad'a-ra. Gad-a-renes 7 . Gad'di-el. Ga'i-us. Gal'a-dad. Gal'-e-ed. Gal'ga-la. Gal'i-lee. Gal'li-o. Gam'a-el. Ga-ma'li-el. Gam'ma-dims. Gar'i-zim. Gaz'a-bar. Ga-za'ra. Ga'zath-ites. Ga-ze'ra. Ged-a-li'ah. Ge-de'rah. Ged'e-rite. Ge-de'roth. Ged-e-roth-a'im. Ge-ha'zi. Gel'i-loth. Ge-mal'li. Gem-a-ri'ah. Ge-ne'zar. Ge-nes'a-reth (2) Gen'e-sis. Gen-ne'us. Gen-u'bath. Ger'a-sa. Ger'ga-sbi. Ger'ga-shites. Ger-ge-senes'. Ger'i-zim. (2) Ger'rin-i-ans. Ger-rffi'ans. Ger'shon-ites. Gesb'u-ri. Gesh'u-rites. Geth-o-li'as. Geth-sem'a-ne. Ge-u'el. Ge'zer-ites. Gib'be-thon. Gib'e-a. Gib'e-ab. Gib'e-ath. Gib'e-on. Han'na-tlion. Hi-er-on'y-mus. It-u-re'a. Gib'e-on-ites. Han'ni'el. Hig-sjai'on. Iz'e-bar. Gid-dal'ti. Ha'noch-itPS. Hil-ki'ah. Iz'har-rit.e. Gid'e-on. Hapb-a-ra'im. Hir-ca'nus. Iz-ra-hi'ah. Gid-e-o'ni. Hav'a-dah. His-ki'jah. Iz'ra-hite. Gil'a-lai. Har-a-i'ali. Hod-a-i'ah. Iz-ra-i'ah. Gil'bo-a. Ha'ra-rite. Hod-a-vi'ab. Iz're-el. Gil'e-ad. Har-bo'na. Ho-de'va. Gil'e-ad-ite. Har-bo'nab. Ho-de'vah. Ja'a-ken. Gi'lo-nite. Har'ha-ta. Ho-di'ah. Ja-ak'o-bah. Gin'ne-tho. Har'ne-pher. Ho-di'jak. Ja-a'la. Giii'ne-thon. Ha'rod-ite. Hol-o-fer'nes. Ja-a'lah. Gir'ga-shi. HarVeh. Hor-a-gid'dad. Ja-a'lam Gir'ga-shites. Ha'ro-rite . Hor-o-na'im. Ja'a-nai. Git'ta-ira. Har'o-sheth. Hor'c-irites. Ja-ar-e-or'a-gim. Gi'zo-nite, Ha-ru'mapb. Ho-san'na. Ja-as-a-ni'a. Gni'dns. Ha-ru'phite. Ho-se'a. Ja'a-sau. Gol'go-tha. Has-a-di'ah. Hosh-a-i'ab.. Ja-a'si-el. Go-li'ah. Has-e-mi'ah. Hosh'a-ma. Ja-a'zaih. Go-li'ath. Hash-a-bi'ah. Ho-she'a. Ja-az-a-ni'ah. Go-mor'rah. Hash-ab'nah. Hu'phum-ites. Ja-a'zar. Go'pher-wood. Hash-ab-ni'ah. Hu'shath-ite. Ja-a-zi'ah. Gor'gi-as. Hash-bad'a-na. Hu'shu-bah. Ja-a'zi-el. Gor'ty-na. Hash-mo'nah. Hy-das'pcs. Jab'ne-el. Go-thon'i-el. Ha-shu'pha. Hy-e'na. Ja'chin-ites. Gre'ci-a. Has-se-na'ah. Hy-men-e'us. Ja-cu'bus. Gud'go-dah. Has-su'pha. Jad-du'a. Gur-ba'al. Hat'i-ta. Ib'le-am. Ja-ha'le-el. Hat-ti'pba. Ib-nei'ah. Ja-hal'e-lel Ha-a-hash'tari Hav'i-lah. Ib-ni'jah. Ja-ba'za. Ha-bai'ah. Ha'votb Ja'ir. Ich'a-bod. Ja-ba'zah. Hab'a-kuk. Haz'a-el. I-oo'ni-um. Ja-ha-zi'ah. Hab-a-zi-rii'ah. Ha-zai'ah. Id'a-lan. Ja-ha'zi-el. Ha-ber'ge-on. Ha'zar Hat'ti- Id'u-el. Jab'da-i. Hach-a-li'ah. con. Id-u-mss'a. Jab'di-el. Hach'i-lab. Ha-za'roth. Id-u-mas'ans Jah'le-el. Haeh'mo-ni. Ha'zel El-po'ni. Ig-da-li'ah. Jab'le-el-ites. Hacb'mo-nite. Ha-ze'rim. Ig-e-ab'a-rim. Jah'ma-i. Had-ad-e'zer. Ha-ze'roth. Ig'e-al. Jab'ze-el. Ha'dadRim'mon Haz'e-zon. Irn-man'u-el. Jah'zi-el. Had'a-shah. Ha'zi-el. I-o'ta. Jah'ze-rah. Ha-das'sa. Haz'u-bah. Iph-e-dei'ah. Ja'ir-ites. Ha-das'sah. He'ber-ites. I-ri'jah. Ja'i-rus. Ha-dat'tah. He'bron-ites. Ir'na-kash. Ja'min-ites. Ha-do'ram. Heg'a-i. Ir'pe-el. Jam'na-an. Hag'a-bah. He'ge. Ir-she'mtsh. Jam'ni-a. Hag'a-i. Hel-chi'ah. I-sai'ab. Ja-no'ah. Ha-gar-enes'. Hel'da-i. Is-caS^i-ot. Ja-no'bah. Ha'gar-ites. He'lek-ites. Is'da-el. Ja-phi'ah. Hag'ga-ri. Hel'ka-i. Isb'bo-sheth. Japh'le-ti. Hag'ge-ri. Hel'kath Haz"- I-sbi'ah. Jar-e-si'ah. Hag-gi'ah. zurim. I-shi'jah. Ja-ro'ab. Hak'ka-tan. Hel-ki'as. Ish'ma-el. Jas'a-el. Ha-ku'pha. Hen'a-dad. Isb'ma-el-ites. Ja-sbo'be-atn. Hal-le-lu'jah He'pher-ites. Ish-ma-i'ah. Jasb'u-bi Le"- Hal-lo'esh. Hepb/zi-bah. Ish'me-rai. hem. Ha'math-ite. Her-mog'e-nes. Ish'u-a. Jash'ub-ites Ha'matb Zo'bab. Her'mon-ites. Isb'u-ai. Ja'si-el. Ham-mcd'a-tba. He-ro'di-ans. Is-ma-cbi'ab,. Ja-su'btis. Ham'e-lecli. He-ro'di-as. Is-ma-i'ab. Jath'ni-el. Ham'i-tal. Hez'e-ki. Is'ra-el. Ja'zi-el. Ham-mol'e-ketb Hez-e-ki'ah. Is'ra-el-ites. Je'a-rim. Ham'o-nah. He-zi'a. Is'sa-cbar. Je-at'e-rai. Ha-mu'el. Hez'ra-i. Is-tal-cu'rus. Je-ber-e-chi'aTi. Ha'mul-ites. Hez'ron-ite9. Is'u-i. Je-bu'si. Ha-mu'tal. Hid'da-i. Is'u-ites. Jeb'u-sites. Ha-nam'e-el. Hid'de-kel. Itb'a-i. Jec-a-mi'ah. Ha-nan'e-ol. Hi-er'e-el. Ith'a-mar. Jec-o-li'ab. Han'a-ni. Hi-er'e-moth. Itb'i-el. Jec-o-ni'ab. Han-a-ni'ah. Hi-er-i-e'lus. Itk're-am. Je-dai'a. Han'i-el. Hi-er'mas. It'ta-i. Jc-dai'ah. JED 355 MEL Jed-de'ug. Jer'o-bam. Josh-bek'a-sha. Le-tu'shini. Mak-ke'dah. Jcd-e-di'ah. Je-rub'ba-al. Josh'u-a. Le-vi'a-than. Mal'achi. Je-dei'ah. Je-rub'e-sheth. Jo-si'ah. Lo-vit'i-cus. Mal-chi'ah. Je-di'a-el. Jer'u-el. Jo-si'as. Le-um'mim. Mal'chi-ol. Jed'i-ah. Je-ru'sa-Iem. Jos-i-bi'ah. Lib'a-nus. Mal'chi-el-ites. Je'di-el. Je-ru'sha. Jos-i-phi'ah. Lib'y-a. Mal-chi'jah. Jed'u-tbun. Je-sai'ah. Jo-si'phua. Lig-nal'oes. Mal-chi'ram. Je-e'li. Jesh-a-i'ah. Jot'ba-tha. Lo-am'mi. Mal-chi-shu'ah. Je-e'zer. Jesh'a-nah. Joz'a-bad. Lod'e-bar. Mal'lo-thi. Je-e'zer-ites. Jesh-ar-e'lah. Joz'a-char. Lo Ru'ha-mah. Ma-mai'as. Je'gar Sa-ha- Jesli-eb'e-ab. Joz'a-dak. Loth-a-su'bus. Mam'ni-ta-nai"- du"tha. Jesh-eb'e-ah. Ju-dae'a. Lu'ci-fer. mus. Je-ha'le-el. Jesh'i-mon. Ju'li-a. Lu'ci-us. Ma-mu'cus. Je-hal'e-lel. Je-shish'a-i. Ju'ni-a. Lvc-a-o'ni-a. Man'a-en. Je-ha'zi-el. Jesh-o-ha-i'ah. Ju-shab'he-sed. Lyd'i-a. Man'a-hath. .Teh-dei'ah. Jesh'u-a. Ly-sa'ni-aa. Man'a-hem. Je-hei'el. Jesh'u-run. Kab'ze-el. Lys'i-a. Ma-na'heth-ites Te-hez'e-kel. Je-si'ah. Ka'deskBar'ne-a Lys'i-as. Man-as-se'as. Je-hi'ah. Je-sini'i-el. Kad'mi-el. Ma-nas'seh. Je-hi'el. Jes'se. Kad'mon-ites. Ma'a-cah. Ma-nas'sites. Je-hi'e-li. Jes'u-a. Kal'la-i. Ma'a-chah. Man-ba-na'im. Je-hish'a-i. Jes'u-i. Ka-re'ah. Ma-ach'a-thi. Ma-no'ah. Je-his-ki'ah. Je'u-el. Kar'ka-a. Ma-ach'a-thites. Ma'on-ites. Je-ho'a-dah. Jez-a-Tii'ah. Kar'na-im. Ma-ad'ai. Mar'a-lah. Je-ho-ad'dan. .Tez'a-bel. Ked'e-rnah. Ma-a-di'ah. Mar-a-nath'a. Te-ho'a-haz. Je-ze'lus. Ked'e-moth. Ma-a'i. Mar-do-che'us. .Te-ho'ash. Je'zer-ites. Ke-hel'a-thah. Ma-al'ehAcrab"- Ma-re'shah. Je-ho'ha-dah. Je-zi'ah. Ke-lai'ah. bim. Mar'i-sa. Je-ho'ha-nan. Je'zi-el. Kel'i-ta. Ma'a-nai. Mar're-kab. Je-hoi'a-cMn. Jez-li'ah. Kel'kath-ha- Ma'a-rath. Mar'se-na. Je-hoi'a-da. Jez'o-ar. zu"rim. Ma-a-sei'ah. Mar'te-na.. Je-hoi'a-kim. Jez-ra-bi'ah. Kem'u-el. Ma-a-si'ah. Mas'e-loth. Je-hoi'a-rib. Jez're-el. Ken'niz-zites. Ma-a-zi'ah. Mas're-kah. Je-hon'a-dab. Jez're-el-ite. Ke'ri-oth. Mab'da-i. Mas-si'as. Je-hon'a-than. Jez've-el-i-tess. Ke-tu'ra. Mac'a-lon. Mat'tan-nah. Je-ho'rani. Jiph'that-el. Ke'tu-iah. Mac'ca-bees. Mat-tan-i'ah. IV-ho-shab'e-ath Jo'a-chaz. Ke-zi'a. Mac-ca-bse'us. Mat'ta-lba. Je-hosh'a-phat. Jo-a-da'iius. Kib'roth Hat- Mach'be-nah. Mat-ta-thi'as. Te-liosh'e-ba. Jo'a-haz. ta"a-vah. Mach'be-nai. Mat-te-na'i. Je-hosh'u-a. Jo'a-kim. Kib'za-im. Mach-be'Joth. Mat-the'las. JE-HO'VAH. Jo-an'na. Kir-har'a-seth. Ma'chir-ites. Mat-thi'as. Je-hoz'a-bad. Jo-an'nan. Kir'horesh. Mirch-na-de'bai. Mat-ti-thi'ah. Je-hub'bah. Jo'a-tham. Kir'i-eth. Mach-pe'lah. Maz-i-ti'as. Je'hu-cal. Jo-a-zab'dus. Kir'jatli A'ri-us. Mad'a-i. Maz-za'roth. Je-hu'di. Joch'e-bed. K i r'j atli J e'a-r i in Ma-di'a-bun. M^-a'ni. Je-liu-di'jah. Jo-ertah. Kir'i-oth. Ma-di'ah. Me -a rah. Je-i'el. Jo-e'zer. Kish'i-dn. Ma'di-an. Me-bu'nai. Je-kab'ze-el. Jog'be-ah. Ko'hath-itea. Mad-man'nah. MecL'e-rath. Jek-a-me'am. Jo-lta'nan. Kol-a-i'ah. Ma-e'lus. Mech'6-ra't/h-ite. Jek-a-mi'ah. Joi'a-da. Ko'rah-ites. Mag'da-la. Med'a-lah Je-ku'thiel. Joi'a-kim, Ko'rath-ites. Mag'da-len. Med'e-ba. Jem'i-mah. Joi'a-rib. Ko're. Mag-da-le'ne. Me'di-a. Jem-u'el. Jok'de-am. Kush-ai'ah. Mag'di-el. Me'di-an. Je-phun'nah. Jok'me-an. Ma'gar Mis"sa- Me-e'da. Je-rahm'e-el. Jok'ne-am. La'a-dah. bib. Me-gid'do. Je-rahm'e-el- Jok'the-el. La'a-dan. Mag'pi-ash. Me-gid'ddn. ites. Jon'a-dab. Lab'a-na. Ma'ha-Jah. Me-ha'Ji. Jer'e-chus. .Ton'a-than. La-eu'nus. Ma'ha-lath Le- Me-het'a-bel. Jer'e-rnai. Jo'ra-i. La-hai'roi. an"-noth. Me-lii'da. Jer-e-mi'ah. Jor'i-baa. Lap'i-doth. Ma-ha'ie-el. Me-hol'ath-ite. Jer'e-moth. Jor'ko-ani. La-se'a. Ma'ha-li. Me-bu'ja-el. Jer'c-mouth. Jos'a-bad. La-sha'ron. Ma-ha-na'ira. Me-hu'man. Je-ri'ah. Jos'a-phat. Las'tho-nes. Ma'ha-neh Dan. Me-hu'nim. Jer'i-bai. Jos-a-phi'as. Laz'a-rus, Ma'ha-nem. Me-bu'nims. Jer'i-cho. Jo'so. Leb'a-nah. Ma-har'a-i. Me-jar'kon. Je'ri-el. Jos'e-dech. Leb'a-non. Ma'ha-vites. Mek'o-nah. Je-ri'jah. Jo-se'phus. Leb'a-oth. Ma-ha'zi-oth. Mel-a-ti'ah. Jer'i-raoth. J.o'se-el. Leb-be'us. Ma'her-sbal'al- Mel-chi'ah. fc'ri-oth. Josh'a-bad. Le-bo'nah. hash'baz. Mel-ohi'as. Jer'o-don. Josb/a-phat, Le'ha-bim. Maj-an'e-as. Mel'chi-el. Jer-o-bo'am. Josh-a-vi'ah. Lem'u-el. Mak-e'loth. Mol-chi3'o-dek MEL 356 SAM Mel-chi-sViu'a. Mo'ras-thite. Nem-u'el-ites. Pass'o-ver. Ra'a-mah. Me-le'a. Mor'de-cai. Ne-phish'e-sim. Pat'a-ra. Ra-a-mi'ah. Mel'li-cu. Mor'esh-ethGath Neph'tha-li. Pa-te'o-li. Ra-am'ses, Mel'i-ta. Mo-ri'ah. Ni-p'tho-ah. Pa-the'us. Rab-bo'ni.. Me-mu'can. Mo-se'ra. Neph'tu-im. Path-ru'sim. Rab'sa-ces. Men'a-hem. Mo-se'rah. Nc-phu'sim. Pat'ro-baa. Rab'sa-ris. Me'ne. Mo-so'roth. Ne're-us. Pa'u. Rab'sha-keh. Men'o-thai. Mo-sol'lam. Ner'gal Sha-re'- Ped'a-hel. Rad'da-i. Me-ori'e-nera. Mo-sul'la-mon. zer. Ped'ab-zur. Rag'u-a. Meph'a-ath. Muth'lab-ben. Ne-ri'ah. Ped-ai'ah. Ra-gu'el. Me-phib'o-sheth Myt-e-le'ne. Ne-than'e-el. Pek-a-hi'ah. Ra-math-a'im. Mer-a-i'ah. Neth-a-ni'ah. Pel-a-i'ah. Rain'a-them. Me-rai-oth. Na'a-mah. Neth'i-nims. Pel-a-li'ah. Ra'matb-ite. Mer'a-ri. Na'a-man. Ne-to'pbah. Pel-a-ti'ah. Ra-me'ses. Mer'a-rites. Na'a-ma-thites. Ne-toph'a-thi. Pe'leth-ites. Ra-mi'ah. Mer-a-tha'im. Na'a-mites. Ne-toph'a-thites Pe-li'as. Ra'mothGil'e-ad Mer'e-motli. Na'a-rah. Ne-zi'ah. Pel'o-nite. Ra'pha-cl. Mer'i-bah. Na'a-rai. Nic-o-de'mus. Pe-ni'el. Raph'a-im. Rath'u-mus. Me-rib'ba-al. Na'a-ran . Nic-o-]a'i-tanes. Pe-nin'nah. Mer'i-moth. Na'a-rath. Nic'o-las. Pen'ni-nah. Re-a-i'ah. Mero'doch Bal'- Na-ash'on. Nin'e-ve. Pen-tap'o-lia. Re-bec'ca. a-dan. Na'a-thus. Nin'e-veh. Pen'ta-tcuch. Re'chab-ites. Me-ron'o-thlte. Nab-a-ri'as. Nin'e-vites. Pen'te-cost. Re-cho'chim. Mesh-el-e-mi'ah. Na-ba-the'ans. No-a-di'ah. Pe-nu'el. Re-ei-ai'ah. Mesh-ez'a-bel . Na'bath-ite9. No'e. Per'-a-zim. Re-el-i'as. Mesh-ez'a-beel. Na-dab'a-the. No'e-ba. Per'ga-nios. Ree-sai'as. Mesh-il-la'mith. Ncg'ge. Nom'a-des. Pe-ri'da. Re-gem'me-]ech Mesh-il'le-rnuth. Na-ha'li-el. No-rne'ni-us. Per'iz-zites. Re-ha-bi'ah. Me-sho'bah. Na-hal'lal. Per'me-nas. Re-ho-bo'am. Ms-shul'lam. Na'ha-lol. Ob-a-di'ah. Per-u'da. Re-ho'both. Me-shul'Ie-mith. Na-ham'a-ni. O'chi-el. Peth-a-hi'ah. Re'i. Mes'o-bah. Na-har'a-i. Oc-i-de'lus. Pe-thu'el. Rem-a-K'ah. Mes'o-ba-ite. Na'ha-bi. Oo'i-na. Pe-ul'thai. Rem'mon Meth" Mes-o-po-ta'rai-a Na'i-dus. O-dol'iam. Phac'a-reth. o-ar. Mes-si'ah. Na-ne'a. Od-on-ar'kes. Phal-dai'us. Re'pha-el. Mes-si'as. Na'o-mi. Ol'a-mus. Pha-le'as. Reph-a-i'ah. Me-te'rus. Naph'i-si. O-lyra'phaa. Phal'ti-el. Reph'a-im. Meth're-dath. Naph'tha-li. Om-a-e'rus. Pha-nu'el. Reph'a-im3. Me-thu'sa-el. Naph'tu-him. Om'e-ga. Phar'a-cim. Reph'i-dim. Me-thu'se-la. Na-than'a-el. O-nes'i-mus. Pha'ra-oh. Re-u'el. Me-thu'se-lah. Nath-a-ni'as. On-e-siph'o-rus. Phar-a-tho'ni. Re-zi'a. Me-u'nim. Na've. O-ni'a-res. Pha'rez-ites. Rhe'gi-um. Mez'a-hab. Naz-a-rene'. O-ni'as. Phar'i-sees. Rhod'o-cus. Mi'a-min. Naz-a-renes'. O-ny'as. Pha'se-ah. Ro-ge'Jim. Mi-cai'ah. Naz'a-reth. On'y-cha. Pha-se'lia. Ro'i-mus. Mi'cha-el. Naz'a-rite. O-ri'on. Phas'i-ron. Ro-mam-ti-e'zer Mi-chai'ah. Ne-a-ri'ah. Or-tho-si'as. Phe'be. RuTia-mah. Mich'me-thah. Neb'a-i. O-sai'as. Phe-ni'ca. Rus'ti-cus. Mid'i-an. Ne-bai'oth. se'as. Phib'e-seth. Mid'i-an-ites Ne-ba'joth. uhe-a. Phi-lar'chea. Sa-bac'tha-ni. Mig'da-lel. Ne-bal'Iat. O/si-frage. Phi-le'mon. Sab'a-oth. Mij'a-min. Neb-u-chad- Oth'ni-el. Phi-le'tus. Sab'a-tus. Mik-nei'ah. nez'-zar. Oth -o-ni'as. Phi-lis'ti-a. Sab-ba-the'us. Mil-a-la'i. Neb-u-chad- O-zi'as. Phi-lis'tim. Sab-be'us. Mi-m'a-min. rez'-zar. O'zi-el. Phi-lis'tines. Sab-de'us. Mir'i-rim. Neb-u-chas'ban. O-zo'ra. Phi-lol'o-gus. Sa-be'ans. Mish'a-el. Neb-u-chod-or/- Phil-o-me'tor. Sad-a-mi'as. Mi'she-al. o-sor. Pa'a-rai. Phin'e-as. Sad-de'us. Mish-man'na. Neb-u-zar'a-dan. Pa'gi-el. Phin'e-has. Sad'du-cees. Mish'ra-ites. Ne-co'dan. Pa'i. Phy-gel'lus. Sa-ha-du'cha Je'- Mis'pe-reth. Ned-a-bi'ah. Pal'es-tine. Pby-lao'te-ries. gar. Mis'ra-im. Ne-e-mi'as. Pal'Iu-ites. Pi-ha-hi'roth. Sah'te-cha. Mis're-photh- Ncg'i-noth. Pal'ti-el. Pil'e-tha. Sa-la-sad'a-i. ma"im. Ne-hel'a-mite. Par'a-dise. Pir'a-thon. Sa-la'thi-el. Mith'ri-dath Ne-he-mi'ah. Par-mash'ta. Pir'a-thon-ite. Sal'la-i. Miz'ra-im. Ne-he-mi'as. Par'ine-nas. Poch'e-reth. Sal-lu'mus. Mo'ab-ites. Ne-hush'ta. Pa-shan'da-tha. Por'a-tha. Sal-mo'ne. Mo-a-di'ah. Ne-hush'tah. Par'u-ah. Pot'i-phar. Sa-lo'me. Mol'a-dah. Ne-hush'tan. Par-Ya'im. Po-tiph'c-ra. Sam'a-el. Mo-o-si'as. Ne-ko'da. Pas-dam'min. Prooh'o-ras. Sa-mai'as. "Mo'rash-ite. Nena-u'el. Pa-se'ah. Pu'ti-el. Sa-ma'ri-a. SAM Sa mar l-tans. Sam'a-tus. Sa-mei'us. Samp'sa-mes. San-a-bas'sa-rus. San'a-sib. San-bal'Iat. SanTie-drim. San-san'nah. Saph-a-ti'as. Sap-phi' ra. Sar-a-bi'as. Sar-a-i'ah. Sa-rai'as. Sa-ram'a-cl. Sar'a-mel. Sar-ched'o-nus. Sar'de-us. Sav'dites. Sar'di-us. Sar'do-nyx Sa're-a. Sa-rep'ta. Sa-ro'thi. Sar-se'chim. Sath-ra-baz'nes. Sath-ra-bou-za'- nes. Sav'a-ran. Sa'vi-as. Scy-thop'o-Ks. Scytb-o-pol'i- tans. Sech-e-ni'as. Sed-e-ci'as. Se'i-ratb. Se'la Ham-mah le'koth. Sel-e-mi'as. Sein-a-chi'ah. Sem-a-i'ah. Sem-a-i'as. Sem'e-i. Se-mel'le-us. Sen'a-ah. Sen-a-chc'rib Sen'u-ah. Se-o'rim. Seph'a-rad. Seph-ar-va'im. Se'phar-vites. Se-phe'la. Se-ra-i'ah. Ser'a-phim. Sha-al-ab'bin. Sha-al'bim. Sba-al'bo-rute. Sha-a-ra'im. Shar'a-ira. Sha-ash'ga3 Shab-bcth'a-i. Sbach'i-a. Shad'da-i. Sha'ge. Sha-haz'i-math. Shal'Je-cheth. Shal'i-sha. Shal'ma-i. Shal-ma-ne'ser. Sham-a-ri'ab. Sham'ma-i. Sham-mu'a. Sham-mu'ah. Sham-she-ra'i. Shar'a-i. Shar'ma-im. Sha-re'zer. Sha'ron-ite. Sha-ru'hen. Shash'a-i. Sha'ul-ites. Sha-u'sha. She'al. Sho-al'ti-el. Sho-a-ri'ah. Shc-ar-ja'shub. Sheb-a-ni'ah. Sheb'a-rim. Shcb'u-el. Shec-a-ni'ah. She'chem-ites Shech'i-nah. Shod'e-ur. She-ha-ri'ah. She'lan-ites. Shel-e-mi'ah. Shel'o-mi. Shel'o-mitb. Shel'o-moth. She-lu'mi-el. Shem'a-ah. Shem-a-i'ah. Shem-a-ri'ah. Shem'e-ber. She-mi'da. Shem'i-nith. She-mir'a-moth She-rau'el. Shc-na'zar. Sheph-a-ti'ah. She-phu'phan. Sher-e-bi'ah. She-re'zer. Shesh-baz'zar. She'tharBoz'na-i Shib'bo-ieth. Shig-gai'on. Shi-i'im. Shil'lem-ites. Shi-lo'oh. Shi-lo'ni. Shi-lo'nites. Shim'e-a. Shim'e-ah. Shim'o-am. Shim'e-ath. Shim'e-ath-ites Shim'e-i. Shim'e-on. Shira'ron-ites. Shit'ra-i. Sho'ba-i. Sho-shau'-nim. Shu'ba-el. Shu'ham-ites. Shu'lam-itK. Shu'math-itcs. Shu'nara-ite. Shu'the-lah. Shu'thal-ites. Si'a-ka. 357 Sib'ba-ohai. Sib'bo-leth. Sib'ra-im. Si'de. Si-gi'o-notb. Sil'o-a. Sil'o-as. Sil'o-atb. Sil'o-am. Sil'o-e. Si-mal-cu'e. Sim'e-on. Sim'e-on-ites. Sir'i-on. Sis-am'a-i. Sis'e-ra. Si-sin'nes. Sod'om-ites. Sod'o-ma. Sop'a-ter. Soph'e-reth. So-sip'a-ter. Sos'the-nes. Sos'tra-tus. So'ta-i. Stac'te. Steph'a-na. Steph'a-nas. Su'ba-i. Su-ca'ath-ites. Su'di-as. Suk'ki-ims. Su'san-chitt'3. Su-san'nah. Syc'a-mhie. Sy-ce'ne. Sy-e'lus. Sy-e'ne. Syji'a-gogue. Syn'ti-che. Syr'i-aMa'a-cah Syr'i-on. Ta'a-nach. Tab'ba-oth. Ta'be-al. Ta'bc-el. Ta-bel'Ji-us. Tab'e-ra. Tab'i-tha. Tab'ri-mon. Taeh'mo-nite. Ta'han-itos. Ta-haph'a-nes. Ta-hap'e-nes. Tah'pe-nes. Tab're-a. Tal'i-thi Cu'mi. Tan'hu-meth. Tapli'e-nes. Tap'pu-ah. Tar'a-lah. Ta're-a. Tar'pol-ites. Tar-shi'si. Tat'na-i. Teb-a-li'ah; Te-haph'ne-hes. Te-bin'nab. Te-ko'a. To-ko'ah. ZUR To-ko'ites. Tel'a-bib. Tel'a-im. Te-las'sar. Tel-ha-re/sha. Tel-har'sa. Tel'me-lah. Tem'a-ni. Te'man-ites. Tem'e-ni. Ter'a-pliiin. Ter-tul'lus. Thad-de'us. Tham'na-tha. The-co'e. The-las'ser. The-]cr'sas. The-oc'a-nus. Thc-od'o-tus. The-oph'i-lus. Ther'me-leth. Thes-sa-lo-ni'ca. Tliim'na-thath. This'be. Thom'o-i. Thra-se'aa. Thy-a-ti'ra. Ti-be'ri-as. Tig'lath Pi-le'ser Ti-me'lus. Tim'iia-thah. Ti-mo'the-us. Ti'rath-ites. Th'ha-kah. Tir'ha-nah. Tir'i-a. Tir'sha-tlia. To'a-iiah. To-bi'ah. To'bi-cl. To-bi'jah. To-gar'mah. To'la-itcs. Tol'ba-nes. Trach-o-ni'tis. Trip'o-lis. Tro-gyl'li-um. Tropb'i-mus. Try-pbe'iia. Try-pho'sa. Tu-bi'c-ni. Ty-bc'ri-as. Tycb'i-cus. Ty-ran'nus. U'LA-r. U-phar'sin. Ur'ba-ne. U-ri'ah. U-ri'as. U'ri-el. U-ri'jah. U'tha-i. U'za-i. Uz-zi'ah. Uz-zi'el. Uz-zi'el-ites. Va-joz'-atba. Va-ni'ah. Xan'thi-cus. Xc'ne-as. Xer-o-pha'gi-a, Xe-rol'y-be. Za-a-na'im. Za'a-man. Za-a-nan'nim. Za'a-van. Zab-a-dae'ans. Zab-a-dai'as. Zab-de'us. Zab'di-el. Za-bi'na. Zab'u-lon. Zac'ca-i. Zach-a-ri'ab. Zao-che'us. Zal-mo'nah. Zal-mun'nah. Zam-zuin'miins. Za-no'ah. Zaph-nath-pa-a- ne'ah. Zar'a-ces. Zar-a-i'as. Za're-ah. Za're-ath-ites. Zar'e-phath. Zar'e-tan. Zar'ta-nab Zath'o-e. Za-thu'i. Zeb-a-di'ah. Ze-ba'im. Zeb'e-dee. Ze-bi'na. Ze-bo'im. Ze-bu'da. Zeb'u-lon. Zeb'u-lon-ites. Zech-a-ri'ah. Ze-de-ki'ah. Ze-lo'pbe-ad. Zc-lo'tes. Zom-a-ra'im. Zem'a-rite. Ze-mi'ra. Ze-or'im. Zepb-a-ni'ab. Zeph'a-thah. Zcpb'i-on. Zer-a-bi'ah. Zer-a-i'a. Zer'e-dah. Zo-rcd'a-tbah Zer'e-ratb. Zc-ru'ah. Ze-rub'ba-bel. Zcr-u-i'ah. Zer-vi'ah. Zib'e-cm. Zib'i-on. Zid-ki'jab. Zipb'i-on. Zip-po'rah. Zo-be'bah. Zo'he-lcth. Zon'a-ias. Zo're-ah. Z u'ri-el. Zu-ri-shad'da-L A CONCISE CLASSICAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONABY. GENERAL RULES FOR THE PRONUNCIATION OF GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 1 Generally speaking, Greek and Latin words are pronounced exactly like English, Having, therefore, ascertained the proper position of the accent, we have only to pronounce each .syllable according tc the usual powers or sounds of the letters in English words. 2. Words of two syllables, either Greek or Latin, whatever may be their quantity in the original, have, in English pronunciation, the accent on the first syllable ; and if a single consonant conies between two vowels, the consonant goes to the last syllable, and the vowel in the first syllable is long ; as, Ca'to, Ce'res, Mi'das, So'lon, Nu'ma. 3. In words of more than two syllables we accent the antepenult, unless the penult is long ; as, Dernos'thenes, Virgil'ius. But if the penult is long, we accent it, and not the antepenult ; as, Aristohu'lus. Androni'cus. 4. Of the class of words ending in ia, some are pronounced with the penult long, as in the original Greek, as Soplii'a, Thali'a; while others have conformed to the English ana- logy, as Sama'ria, Alexandria. Others are pronounced in both ways; as, Ipkigenia, or Iphige'nia. 5. Every final i, though not under the accent, has its long sound ; as in Achivi, Horatii. 6. E final is always pronounced ; as in Penelope. Melpomene. 7. The Diphthong ce or ce, ending a syllable with the accent on it, is pronounced like \ong e ; as, Ccesar (se'sar), (Eta (e'ta). But when the diphthong ce or ce is followed by a consonant in the same syllable, it is pronounced like short e ; as, Dcedalus {ded'alus), CEdipus {ed'ipus). 8. The consonants c and g are hard before a, o, and u ; and soft before e, i, and y. 9. The combination ch is pronounced like k ; as in Charon, Chios ; pronounced ka'ron, M'os. 10. The Principles of Pronunciation explained in the Introduction to the Dictionary, apply generally to the pronunciation of Greek and Latin words. A. A'ba or A'ba?, a town of Phocis, famous for an oracle of Apollo. Ab'alus, an island in the German Ocean, where, as the ancient3 supposed, amber dropped from the trees. Ab'ana, a river of Syria, near Damascus. Ab'aris, a Scythian priest of Apollo, the pos- sessor of winged arrows, on which he rode through the air. A'bas, a king of Argos, changed into a lizard by Ceres, for ridiculing her mysteries. Ab'atos, an island near Memphis, where Osiris was buried. Abde'ra. a maritime city of Thrace, built by Hercules in honor of Abde'rus, his armour- bearer. The air of this place was thick and unwholesome, and the inhabitants sluggish and stupid. It gave birth, how- ever, to some eminent men, as Democritus, Protagoras, &c. Abeo'na, a goddess of voyages. Ablia, a mountain of Africa, opposite to Calpe, in Spain. These two mountains Were called the Pillars of Hercules. | Abori"gines, the original inhabitants of J Italy. i Absyr'tus, a brother of Medea, who was torn | in pieces by her, in order to retard her father's pursuit, when she eloped with I Jason. JVby'dos, a city of Asia, opposite to Sestos, in Thrace ; famous for the loves of Hero and Leander. Ab'yla. See Abila. Abyssin'ia, a country in Africa where the Nile takes its rise. Acade'mia, a place near Athens, where Plato opened his school of philosophy. Acan'tha, a nymph beloved by Apollo, and afterwards changed by him into the herb bearsfoot. Acarna'nia, a region of Epirus. Acca Lauren'tia, wife of Faustulus, who brought up Romulus and Remus. Aces'tes, a Sicilian king who entertained ./Eneas most hospitably. Achsem'eiies, the first king of Persia. Achates, a faithful follower of iEneas. Achelo'us, the son of Oceanus and Tethy% and god of the river Achelous, in Epiius. CLASSICAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. 359 He could turn himself into various shapes ; and was killed by Hercules, in the form of a bull, in their contest for Dejanira. Ach'eron, the son of Sol and Terra, turned into a river of hell by Jupiter, for assisting the Titans with water in their war against him. It is often put for hell. Achillas, a general of Ptolemy, who mur- dered Pompey the Great. Achil'les, the" son of Peleus, king of Thrace, and the sea-goddess Thetis, who, having been dipped by his mother in the river Styx, became invulnerable in every part but in the right heel, by which he was held. He was the great hero of the Tro- jan war, and was killed by Paris with an arrow which pierced his heel, the only part in which he was vulnerable. A'cis, a Sicilian shepherd. See Galatea. Acon'teus, a famous hunter, turned into stone by the head of Medusa. A'crae,* a mountain of Peloponnesus. Acris'ius, king of Argos. father of Danae. Acrop'Slis, the citadel of Athens. Actse'on, a famous hunter, who, having sur- prised Diana as she was bathing, was turned by her into a stag, and torn to pieces by his own hounds. Ac'tium, a town and promontory of Epirus, famous for the battle between Augustus and Antony. Adamantaa'a, . Jupiter's nurse in Crete, who suspended him in his cradle to a tree, that he might not bo found in the earth, the sea, or in heaven. Adme'tus, a king of Thessaly, whose flocks Apollo fed when exiled from heaven. See Alcestis. 4do'nis, a beautiful youth beloved by Venus. Aclras'tus, a king of Argos, and one of the seven chiefs in the Theban war. iE'acus, one of the infernal judges. /Egas'on, another name for Briareus. ^Ege'ria. See Egcria. jEge'us, a king of Attica, who gave name to the iEgean Sea by drowning himself in it. ^E'gis, the shield of Jupiter, which he cover- ed with the skin of the goat Amalthea. This shield was afterwards given by him to Pallas or Minerva. iEgis'thus, a king of Argos, who married Clytsemnestra, having first murdered her husband, Agamemnon. See Orestes. iEg'le, the most beautiful of the Naiads. — Also, the name of several nymphs. ^Egyp'tus, a son of Belus, whose fifty sons married the lifty daughters of his brother Danaus. See Danaides. /El'lo, one of the three Harpies. Moe'a,s, son of Anchisesand Venus, the hero of the ^Eneid. ^E'6lus, the god of the winds. >Eo'us, one of the four horses of the sun. ^Es'chnie.i, a celebrated Athenian orator, the rival of Demosthenes. i^s'chylus, a celebrated tragic poet of Athens. yEscula'pius, the god of physic. ^E'son, the father of Jason, restored to youth byMedea. Aoxb. From akron, the top, a summit. iEso'pus, the author or compiler of the cele- brated fables (^Esop's). He was a native of Phrygia, and originally a slave. ^Ethio'pia,* an extensive country of Africa. iE'thon, one of the four horses of the sun. iEt'na, a mountain of Sicily, famous for its volcano, which, for upwards of 3,000 years, has, at intervals, thrown out fire. The ancient poets supposed that Jupiter had confined the giants under this mountain. In it also was said to be the forge of Vul- can, where his servants, the Cyclops, fabri- cated thunderbolts, &c. iEtnas'us, a title of Vulcan. Agame'des and Tropho'nius, two celebrated architects, who built the gate of the temple of Apollo at Dclphos. Having demanded of the god whatever gift was most advanta- geous for mortals to receive, they were, in eight days after, found dead in their bed. Agamem'non, king of Argos and Mycenae, the brother of Menelaus, and generalissimo of the Grecian forces at the siege of Troy. Aganip'pe, a fountain sacred to the Muses. Age'nor, a king of Phoenicia, the father of Cadmus ; hence Agenorldes, a patronymic of Cadmus, Perseus, &c. Agesila/us, a celebrated king of Sparta. Agla'ia, one of the Graces. A'jax, son of Telamon, one of the Grecian heroes at the siege of Troy, inferior only to Achilles. He killed himself, because the arms of Achilles were adjudged to Ulysses instead of to him. He was changed into a violet. There was another warrior of the same name at the siege of Troy, Ajax, son of Oileus. Al'bion, the island of Great Britain. Al'bis, a river in Germany, now the Elbe. Albu'nea, a grove and lake in Italy sacred to the Muses. Alcae'us, a lyric poet of Mitylene, in Lesbos. — Also, the grandfather of Hercules. Alces'tes or Alceste, the wife of Admetus, king of Thessaly, who voluntarily died in- stead other husband. Alcibi'adcs. an Athenian general, famous for his versatile and wayward genius. Alci'des, a title of Hercules. Alcin'ous, a king of Corcyra, who entertained Ulysses when he was shipwrecked. Alcip'pe, a daughter of Mars, beloved by Neptune. Alcmse'on, son of Amphiaraus and Eriphyle. Alcme'na, wife of Amphitryon, and mother of Hercules by Jupiter. Alcy'dne or Halcy'dne, daughter of Neptune, and wife of Ceyx, who, upon hearing of her husband's death, flung herself into the sea, and was changed into a kingfisher. The bird halcyon was fabled to breed upon the sea, during which periods a perfect calm prevailed. Alec'to, one of the three Furies. Alec'tryon, a favourite of Mars, but after- wards changed by him into a cock, for suf- fering him to be surprised with Venus by Vulcan. * Ethiopia. From aitho, to bum, and opt, tit* 360 CLASSICAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. Alexandria, a celebrated city of Egypt, : founded by Alexander the Great. It is I now pronounced Alexandria. See rule 4. i Al'gidum, a town of Latium, now Aglio. Al'lia, a river of Italy, now the Aia. Alo'a, festivals at Athens iu honour of Ceres and Bacchus. Aldeus, the father of Otus and Ephialtes, the most powerful of the giants that warred against Jupiter. Aloidss, the sons of Aioeus. Alphe'nor, one of the sons of Niobe. Alphe'us, a famous hunter, turned by Diana into a river in Peloponnesus, for attempt- ing Arethusa's chastity. Amalthse'a, the goat that suckled Jupiter. Amaz'oni-s (Amazons), a nation of warlike women in Cappadocia, who cut off their right breast in order to shoot the better. Ambarva'lia, sacrifices to Ceres. Amil'car or Hamil'car, a great general of the Carthaginians, and father of Hannibal. Amnion or Hammon, the Libyan Jupiter. Ampbiara'us, a famous augur, son of Apollo, one of the seven chiefs in the Theban war. SeeEriphyle. Amphi'on, the son of Jupiter and Antiope, who raised the walls of Thebes by the music of hi3 lyre. He, and his brother Zethus, were said to be the inventors of music. Amphitrite, the wife of Neptune. Amphit'ryon, the husband of Alcmena. Anachar'sis, a famous Scythian philosopher. Anac'reon, a famous lyric poet of Greece. Ancas'us, one of the Argonauts. Anchisi-s, the father of iEneas by Venus. Androm'ache, the wife of Hector. Andromeda, the daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopea, delivered by Perseus from ex- posure to a sea-monster, and afterwards changed into a constellation. Androphagi, a savage nation of Scythia; literally, man-eaters. Angli, a people of Germany, from whom the English derived their ancient name. 4n'nibal or Hannibal, a celebrated Cartha- ginian general. Antss'us, a giant, son of Neptune and Tellus, killed by Hercules. As he received fresh strength as often as he touched his mother earth, Hercules lifted him up in the air, and thus strangled him. Ante'nor, a Trojan prince in the interest of the Greeks, by whose advice the wooden horse was made. An'teros, one of the names of Cupid. Anthropoph'agi (man-eaters), a people of Scythia who fed upon human flesh. An'tias the goddess of fortune, worshipped at Aniium in Italy. Antig'one, the daughter of CEdipus and Jo- casta, condemned by Creon to 1 e buried alive, for performing the funeral rites of her brother Polynices, contrary to his pro- clamation. Anti6pe, the mother of Amphion and Ze- thus by Jupiter. Anu'bis, an Egyptian god, represented with the head of a dog. Aon'ides, the Muses, from Aonia, the an- cieut or poetical name of Boeotia. ApeTles, a celebrated painter of Cos, who lived in the time of Alexander the Great. Aphrodite, the Greek name of Venus, as sprung from the foam of the sea (aphros). Apic"ius, a notorious glutton of Rome. A'pis, an Egyptian god, worshipped under the form of an ox, in token of his having taught them the art of husbandry. Apol'lo, the son of Jupiter and Latona, and the god of music, poetry, physic, and divi- nation. The worship of Apollo was widely extended. He had temples and statues in almost every country. His most famous temples were at Delphi, Delos, Tenedos, Cyrrha, and Patara. Ap'pius Clau'dius, an oppressive and infam- ous decemvir of Rome, who attempted the virtue of Virginia, but her father Vir- ginius, to preserve her chastity, slew her. Apule'ius, a learned writer under the Anto- nines. Aqua'rius, the waterman ; the eleventh sign of the zodiac, into which Ganymede is said to have been changed. Ara'bia, a large country of Asia. Arach'ne, a Lydian girl, changed into a spi- der by Minerva, for contending with her in spinning. Arca'dia, a pastoral country of Peloponnesus, sacred to Pan and Mercury. Archime'des, a celebrated geometrician of Syracuse. Archy'tas, a Pythagorean philosopher, astro- nomer, and geometrician. Arcit'enens, an epithet of Apollo. Arc'tos, the bear, a constellation. Areop'agus, the Hill of Mars at Athens, on which was the celebrated court of justice of the same name. Ar'eSj the Greek name of Mars. Arethu'sa, the daughter of Nereus and Doris, who, flying from the pursuit of Alpheus, was changed by Diana into a fountain in Sicily. Argo, the vessel in which the Argonauts sailed in quest of the Golden Fleece. See Jason. Ar'gonauts, the companions of Jason. Ar'gos, a city of Greece, sacred to Juno, and famous for its horses. Ar'gus, a monster with an hundred eyes. A son of Phrixus, and builder of the Argo. Ariad'ne, the daughter of Minos, king of Crete, who explained to Theseus the wind- ings of the Labyrinth; but being deserted by him, was married to Bacchus, and made his priestess. A'ries, the ram, the first sign of the zodiac. Arion, a celebrated lyric poet and musician of Lesbos, who, when thrown overboard by the mariners on his voyage to Italy, was carried on shore by dolphins which were charmed by the sweetness of his lyre. Aristse'us, son of Apollo and Cyrene, born in the deserts of Libya, brought up by the seasons, and fed upon nectar and am- brosia. He presided over flocks, herds, bees, &c. Aristar'chus, a celebrated grammarian and critic of Samos. He wrote above 800 com- mentaries on different authors. Aristides, a celebrated Athenian, whose CLASSICAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. 361 virtues and love of justice procured him the surname of the Jvst. Aristobu'lus, the name of some of the Jewish high-priests. It implies best in counsel. Aristogi'ton, the friend of Harmodius, who with him rescued Athens from the tyranny of Hipparchus and Hippias. Aristop'hanes, a celebrated comic poet of Athens, B. C. 434. Aristot'eles (Aristotle), a celebrated philo- sopher and logician of Stagira, pupil of Plato, and tutor of Alexander the Great. Most of his -writings are extant. Armor'ica, part of Gaul ; now Bretagne. Arsin'Oe, the mother of iEsculapius. Artaxerx'es, the name of three of the kings of Persia. Ar'temis, the Greek name of Diana. Arva'les, twelve priests called brethren, who officiated in the Ambarvalia. Ascal'aphus, the son of Acheron and Nox, changed into an owl by Ceres, for inform- ing riuto that Proserpine had eaten part of a pomegranate in hell, and thus pre- vented her return. As'calon, a town of Palestine, famous for its onions. Hence the word scallion. A sca'niu3, the on] y son of ^Eneas and Creusa ; called also lulus. A'sia, a daughter of Oceanus and Thetis, from whom the continent of Asia derives its name. Aso'pus, a king of Boeotia, changed into the river of the same name, for rebelling against Jupiter. Astar'te, the queen of heaven, a Syrian god- dess ; among the Greeks, Venus. Aster'ia, the daughter of Casus, changed into a quail as she fled from the addresses of Jupiter. Astras'a, the daughter of Jupiterand Themis, and goddess of justice. She was the last of the celestials who left the earth during the iron age. Asty'ages, the last king of Media. Asty'anax, the only son of Hector. Atalan'ta, an Arcadian princess, celebrated for her swiftness. She was so importuned by suitors, that in order to get rid of them, she proposed to accept the one who could outrun her. Hippomenes, by dropping golden apples, which she stooped to gather, overcame her in the race. A'te, the goddess of evil or mischief. She was the daughter of Jupiter, who banished her from heaven, and sent her to dwell on earth, where she is the cause of all the evils and discords which the gods send to mortals. Ath'amas. See Nephele and Ino. Athana'sius, a bishop of Alexandria, the great opponent of Arius, A.D. 373. Athe'na?, the ancient name of Athens. Athena'eum, a place at Athens dedicated to Athene jr Minerva, where the poets and philosophers declaimed and repeated their compositions. Athe'ne, the Greek name of Minerva* Atlan'tides, the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione, converted intoa constellation. They were also called the Hesperides. Atlantis, an island opposite to Mount Atlas, which appears to have sunk into the Atlantic Ocean. Atlas, a king of Mauritania, changed into a mountain by Perseus, for his inhospitality. He was thus said to support the heavens on his shoulders. A'treus, a son of Pclops and Hippodamia, and father of Agamemnon and Menelaus. His brother Thycstes, debauched his wife JErope, because he had refused to take him as his colleague on the throne of Argos ; and Atreus, in revenge, had the two chil- dren of Thyestes and Mro^e murdered, and served up to the father at a banquet, at which sight the horses of the sun are said to have shrunk back with horror, and the day was broken off. At'ropos, one of the Fates, whose office was to cut the thread of life. Au'geas, one of the Argonauts, afterwards king of Ellis, whose stable of 3,000 oxen had not been cleansed for 30 years. It was one of the labours of Hercules to cleanse it in one day. Auro'ra, the goddess of the morning. Autol'ycus, a son of Mercury, noted for his thievery. Autom'edon, the charioteer of Achilles. Aver'nus, a lake in Campania, so called be- cause it was said no bird* could fly ove it on account of its sulphureous exhala- tions. The name has been transferred to a river in hell. BaVylon, the most celebrated city of an- tiquity. Bacchana'lia. feists in honour of Bacchus. Bacchan'tes, priestesses of Bacchus. Bacchus, the son of Jupiter and Semele, and the god of wine and drunkards. Bata'vi, the ancient name of Holland. Bat-ra-cho-my-o-mach'Ia, the battle of the frogs and mice, a mock heroic poem, at- tributed to Homer. Bau'cis, a poor old woman of Phrygia, wife of Philemon, who hospitably entertained Jupiter and Mercury, unawares. The gods were so pleased with their hospitality, that they metamorphosed their humble cottage into a magnificent temple, of which they were made priests. Beller'Ophon, the son of Glaucus and Eury- mede, who, with the aid of the horse Pe- gasus, destroyed the Chimaera. He un- derwent many hardships for refusing to listen to the solicitations of the wife of Proetus. His original name was Hippo- nous, which was changed into Bellerophon from his having killed Belle'rus, king of Corinth. Bello'na, the goddess of war. Be'lus, one of the ancient kings of Babylon, who, after his death, was worshipped as a god by the Babylonians and Assyrians. The temple of Belus was the most magni- ficent in the world. Berecyn'thia Ma'ter, a title of Cybele. * Averntts. From a, not, and ornis, a bird. R 362 CLASSICAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONARY Bereni'ce, the mother of Ptolemy Philadel- phus, distinguished for her grt-at beauty. Ber'gion and Al'bion, two giants, sons of Neptune, who, when attempting to oppose Hercules when he crossed the Rhone, were killed with stones from heaven. Bi'ceps and Bi'frons, names of Janus. Bi'on, a Scythian philosopher. Bi'ton and Cleobis, sons of Cydippe, priest- ess of Juno at Argos, famous for their filial affection. Their mother haTing entreated the goddess to reward the filial piety of her sons with the best gift that could be granted to mortals, they were found dead in their bed next morning. Blem'myes, a people of Africa, who, it was said, had no heads, but had their eyes and mouths in their breasts. Bceo'tia, a country of Greece, of which Thebes was the capital. The air was thick, and the inhabitants accounted stupid. It, however, produced Pindar, Hesiod, Plutarch, Epaminondas, and other eminent men. Bo'na De'a, the good goddess, a title of Cybele ; also of Fauna or Fatua, whose festival was celebrated by the Roman ma- trons during the night, males being care- fully excluded. Bo'nus Deem on, a title of Priapus. B&o'tes, a star near Ursa Major. See Icarius. Bo'reas, the north wind. Borys'thenes, the ancient name of the Volga. BosphSrus or Bosp'orus, two straits separat- ing Europe from Asia: the one called the Thraeian, and the other the Cimmerian Bosphorus ; now the straits of Constanti- nople and Caffa. Bria'reus, one of the hundred-handed giants that warred against Jupiter. Brise'is, daughter of a priest of Jupiter, given to Achilles upon the taking of Lyr- nessus, whose abduction caused his wrath with Agamemnon. Bron'tes, one of the Cyclops, the maker of Jupiter's thunder. Bucephalus, Alexander's horse, whose head resembled that of a bull. He suffered no person but his master to ride him, and he always knelt for him when he wished to mount. Busi'ris, a monstrous tyrant of Egypt, who fed his horses with human flesh. He was killed by Hercules. Byzan'tium, a town on the Thraeian Bospho- rus, the site of Constantinople. Cabali'nus Fons or Hippocre'ne, that is, the horse' s fountain, which Pegasus pro- duced on Mount Helicon, by striking the earth with his hoof. Ca'cus, the son of Vulcan and Medusa, a notorious robber destroyed by Hercules. Cad'mus, son of Age'nor, king of Phoenicia, the founder of Thebes, and the inventor of 16 letters of the alphabet. See Thebes. Cadu'ceus, the wand of Mercury. Cas'nis, a Thessalian virgin, to whom Nep- tune gave the power of changing her sex. Cae'sar, a name given to the Julian family at Rome. The first twelve Roman emperora were distinguished by this surname. They Teigned in the following order : — Julius Caesar. Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Clau- dius, Nero, Galba, Otho, Viteliius, Ves- pasian, Titus, and Domitian. Caesare'a, a city of Cappadocia. There were several cities of this name, so called in honor of one or other of the Caesars. Caesa'rion, a son of Julius Caesar by Cleo- patra. Cala'bria, a country of Italy where Ennius the poet was born. Cal'chas, a celebrated soothsayer in the Grecian army, at the siege of Troy. Caledo'nia, the ancient name of Scotland. Calig'ula, fourth emperor of Rome, noted for his cruelty, crimes, and folly. Cal'Ie, a town of Portugal ; now Oporto. Calliope, the muse of heroic poetry; so named from her beautiful voice. Callir'rhoe, a daughter of Phocus, the Boeo- tian, celebrated for her beauty. — A foun- tain of Attica, famed for its nine springs. Cal'pe, a steep rock and mountain of Spain, one of the pillars of Hercules ; now Gib- raltar. See Abila. Calphur'nia, the fourth wife of Julius Caesar, who, the night before he was assassinated, dreamt that he was stabbed in her arms, and endeavoured in vain to prevent hiro. from going next day to the senate-house. Cal'ydon, a city of jEtolia, famous for tha hunt of the Calydonian boar. Calyp'so, a daughter of Atlas, who dwelt in the island of Ogygia or iEa. She enter- tained Ulysses when shipwrecked, and became enamoured of him. Camarina, a lake and town of Sicily, which was drained or removed contrary to the injunction of Apollo, and thus opened a way for the enemy to come and pillage the city. Hence the proverb, " Ne moveas Camarinam ;" that is, take care lest by removing one evil you bring on a greater. Camby'ses, the son and successor of Cyrus. Camil'la, a martial queen of the Volsci, famous for her swiftness. She opposed iEneas on his landing in Italy. Canal'] us, a celebrated Roman dictator ; called the second founder of Rome. Camce'nae, a name given to the Muses. Cam'pus Mar'tius, "the Field of Mars," where the Roman youth were taught their martial exercises. Cannae, a village of Apulia, near which Hannibal defeated the Roman consuls, and slew 40,000 of their army. Cano'pus, a city of Egypt, near one of the mouths of the Nile. Can'tabri, a fierce and warlike people in the north of Spain. Can'tium, the ancient name of Kent. Canu'lia, an incestuous Roman virgin, who killed herself by order of her father. Canu'sium, a town of Apulia; now Canosa. Cap'aneus, one of the seven chiefs against Thebes. He was destroyed by a thunder- bolt as a contemner of the gods. Capha'rSus, a lofty promontory of Euboea CLASSICAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. 363 Capitoli'nus, an epithet of Jupiter, from his temple on tlie Capitol or Tarpeian Rock. Ca'prca?, an island on tlic coast of Campania, noted for the residence and debaucheries of Tiberius. Carac'taeus, a king of the ancient Britons. Ca'ria, a country of Asia Minor. Carmcn'ta, an Arcadian prophetess, mother of Evander ; so called from delivering her prophecies (carminibus\ in verse. She gave her name to the Porta Carmenlalis at Rome, which was afterwards called Scdera'ta, the accursed, from the 306 Fabii going through it on their fatal ex- pedition. Cartha'go (Carthage), a celebrated city of Africa, long the rival of Rome. Car-tha-gin-i-en'-ses, the inhabitants of Car- tilage. Carya'tis, an epithet of Diana, from Caryce, a village of Laconia, where she had a temple. In architecture, Caryatides arc female figures employed as columns for support. Trlamunes arc male figures. Cas'ca, one of the assassins of Julius Ca?sar. Cassan'dra, a daughter of Priam and Hecuba, who, though possessing the gift of pro- phecy, was never believed. Cas'siopc or Cassiope'a, the wife of Cepheus, and mother of Androm'eda, who boasted herself to be fairer than the Nereides, and was punished by her daughter being ex- posed to a sea-monster. See Perseus. Cassitor'ides, "the tin islands;" supposed to be the Seilly Islands. Cas'sius, the friend of Brutus, and instigator of the murder of Ccesar. On his death, at Philippi, Brutus called him ( Ultttnus Romano' rum) " the last of the Romans." Casta'lia, a fountain of Parnassus, sacred to the Muses, who were thence called Cos- tal' ides. Castor and Pollux, twin brothers, the sons of Jupiter and Leda, between whom immor- tality was alternately shared, having been changed into the constellation Gemini, or the twins. See Pollux. Catanen'sis, an epithet of Ceres, from Caiana, a town of Sicily, near Mount jEtna. Ca'to, a surname of the Porcian family, of which there were several illustrious mem- bers, as Cato the Censor, and Cato Uti- censis, &c. Catullus, a lyric poet of Verona. Cau'casus, a lofty ridge of mountains be- tween the Euxine and Caspian seas. See Prometheus. Ce'crops, a native of Sais, in Lower Egvpt, who founded Athens, B.C. 155G. Celse'no, one of the Harpies. Celiac, the ancient Celts. Celtibe'ri, descendants of the Coltao in Spain. Centau'ri (Centaurs), the offspring of Ixion, a people of Thessaly, generally represent- ed as half man and half horse. Coph'ulus, the husband of Procris, beloved and carried off by Aurora. Ce'pheus, the father of Andromeda, and one of the Argonauts. Cer'berus, the three-headed dog of Tluto, that guarded the gates of hell. Accord- ing to Hesiod, lie had fifty heads : whilst Horace designates him as the hundred- headed monster (Bellua Ceniiceps i. The abduction of this monster from hell wa3 one of the twelve labours of Hercules. Cerca'lia, festivals at Rome in honor of Ceres. Cc'rcs, the daughter of Saturn and Cybele, and the goddess of corn. She is said to have first taught mankind the art of till- ing the earth. She was worshipped first and principally at Eleusis in Attica; whence the term Eleusinian Mysteries. To reveal her mysteries was held infa- mous, and a crime deserving death. See Proserpine. Ceres is represented as a tall majestic woman, with yellow hair, wreath- ed with ears of corn. Her right hand is filled with ears of corn and poppies, and in her left, a torch, sickle, or sceptre. Ces'tus, the embroidered girdle of Venus. Ce'yx, the husband of Alcyone or Halcyonc. Chaldae'a, a country of Asia between the Euphrates and Tigris, near their junction. Cha'os, the confused mass of original ele- ments from which the universe was sup- posed to have been formed. Char'ites, the Greek name of the Graces. Cha'ron, the son of Erebus and Nox, and the ferryman of hell. His office was, to carry the souls of the departed over the Stygian lake, in his crazy wherry, from which he rudely and inexorably rejected all those whose funeral rites had not been performed. Such shades were doomed to wander for ICO years on its dreary shores, before they were carried over. Charyb'dis, a dangerous whirlpool on the coast of Sicily, opposite the no less dan- gerous rock called Scylla. The ancient mariners, in avoiding, too cautiously, the one danger, often ran into the other ; hence, the proverb. Chi'lo, a Spartan philosopher, one of the seven wise men of Greece. One of his maxims was, " Know thyself." Chimrc'ra, a monster inhabiting a mountain in Lycia, which was slain by Bellerophon. It was fabled to have the bead and neck of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail of a dragon, and that it breathed or vomit- ed forth flames.* Chiron, a Centaur skilled in medicine, music, and archery. He was the precep- tor of Hercules, ^Esculapius, and Achilles, and was changed into the constellation Sasitta'rius. Chlo'ris, the same as the Latin Flora. Chryse'is, a daughter of Chryses, priest of Apollo, allotted to Agamemnon at the cap- ture of Lyrnessus. Her abduction caused the plague described in the beginning of the Iliad. Chrys'ostom, a bishop of Constantinople, celebrated for his eloquence. A.I). 407. * The explanation of this fable is eiisy. The upper part of the mountain was inhabited by lions, the middle by goats, and the lower parts b\ serpents; and the (lames were occasioned by ignited gas idl- ing from a cavity near tlie tap, Bellerophon made the mountain habitable, at;d thus ovoruame the Chi. tttara. 364 CLASSICAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. Ci"cero, the great Roman orator. Cimbri, a warlike people of Germany. Cimme'rii, a people near the Palus Mseotis. Homer places them beyond the ocean, in a land of continual gloom, deprived of the splendour of the sun. Ci'mon, a celebrated Athenian general. Cincinna'tus, a celebrated Roman dictator, taken from the plough. Cin'yras, a king of Cyprus, father of Myrrha. Cir'ce, a celebrated enchantress, the sister of j3£etes, king of Colchis, and aunt to Medea. She changed the companions of Ulysses, who gave "way to voluptuous indulgence, into swine, but was compelled by him to restore them to their former shape. She ■was said to have had an abode near the Circsean promontory ; whence its name. Circen'sian Games, games celebrated in the Circus at Rome, in honor of Neptune. Ci'ris, the name of Scylla, daughter of Nisus, when changed into a bird. Cir'rha a plain and harbour near Delphi, whence Apollo was called Cirrhceus. Cithffi'ron, a mountain of Boeotia, sacred to Jupiter and the Muses. On this moun- tain Actason was torn to pieces by his own dogs ; and here Hercules killed an im- mense lion. Cithseron'ides, the Muses. See Citheeron. Cle'obis. See Biton. Cli'o, the muse of history. Cloaci'na, a goddess at Rome who presided over the Cloacince, or receptacles of the ordure and filth of the city. Clo'tho, one of the three Fates. Clym'ene, the wife of Japetus, and mother of Atlas, Prometheus, and Pha'eton. Clytemnes'tra, the daughter of Tyndarus and Leda, and wife of Agamemnon, whom she rmirdered in conjunction with her paramour .Sgisthus. She was murdered by her son Orestes. Clyt'ia, a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, beloved by Apollo, ami changed by him into the heliotrope, or sun-flower. Cnid'ia Venus, "the Cnidian Venus," the celebrated statue at Cnidus, in Caria. made by Praxiteles. Cocy'tus, a river of hell ; also, of Epirus. Co'drus, the last king of Athens. Coelus or U'ranus (the heaven), the most ancient of the gods, and father of Saturn, Oceanus, the Titans, &c. See Uranus. Cce'us, one of the Titans. Colchis, a country to the east of the Euxine, famous for the expedition of the Argo- nauts, and the birthplace of Medea and Circe. See Jason. Colos'sus, a celebrated statue at Rhodes, one of the seven wonders of the world. Ships j entering the harbour, passed in full sail | between its legs. Co'mus, the godof mirth and revelry. Con cor'dia, the goddess of peace and concord. Consen'tes, a name given by the Romans to j the Dii Majores, or twelve superior gods.* ! "•' Dii Major et. Jupiter, Neptune, Juno, Ceres, j Vesta, Apollo, Mara, Mercury, Minerva, Diana, Vonua, Yuloart. Corin'thus (Corinth), a celebrated city of Greece, on the Isthmus of the same name. It was noted for its wealth, and for the worship of Venus. Coriola'nus, the surname of the celebrated Caius Martius, from his victory over the Corioli. Cornuco'pia, "the horn of plenty." The horn of Amalthjea being accidentally broken off, Jupiter converted it into the Cornucopia, and placed herself with her two kids among the constellations, where they are still called Capella and Hcedi. Coryhan'tes, priests of Cybele. Cot'tus, one of the Titans, with 50 heads and 100 hands. Cotyt'to, the goddess of impurity. Cre'on, a king of Corinth, whose daughter married Jason. He was tortured to death by Medea. — Also, a king of Thebes, bro- ther of Jocasta. Cre'ta, the ancient name of Crete ; famous for its hundred cities, and for the laws of its king Minos. Cre-u'sa, a daughter of Priam and Hecuba, and wife of /Eneas. — Also, a daughter of Creon, king of Corinth, who married Ja- son, and was killed by Medea with a poi- soned robe. — Also, the mother of Janus, by Apollo. Crce'sus, a king of Lydia, famed for his riches ; conquered by Cyrus. Cro'nos, the Greek name of Saturn. His festivals at Athens were called Cro'nia. Ctes'Iphon, an Athenian who proposed that a golden crown should be presented to Demos- thenes for his public services and virtues. Cu'mae, a city of Lower Italy, famous for the residence of the Cumcean Sibyl. Cupi'do (Cupid), the son of Mars and Venus, and the god of love. Cure'tes, certain Cretan priests. Cy'ane, a Sicilian nymph, changed into a fountain, because she endeavoured to pre- vent Pluto from carrying off Proserpine. Cyan'eae Insula;, two rugged islands near the mouth of the Euxine Sea, the same as "the blue Sympleg'ades." Cyb'ele, daughter of Coelus and Terra, wife of Saturn, and mother of the gods. She was known under various names, as Rhea, Ops, Magna Mater (the great mother), Berecynthia, Dindymo'ne, &c. She is usually represented with a crown of tur- rets on her head, in a chariot drawn by tame lions. She had a temple at Rome called Opertum, into which males were never admitted. Her priests were called Galli, Corybantes, &c, and drums and cymbals were used at her festivals. Cyc'lades,* a group of islands in the iEgean Sea, lying in a circle round Delos. Cyc!o'pes (the Cyclops),! giants, the work- men of Vulcan, who had only one eye in the middle of their forehead, which was large and circular. Cyc'nus, a friend of Phaeton, turned into a swan, for bewailing his death. * Cyclases is from TeuTdos, a circle. t Cyclopt U from kuklos, a circle and ops, the eye CLASSICAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. 365 Cydip'pe, one of Cyrene's attendants. Cydo'nia, the ancient name of Crete. Cylle'ne, a mountain of Arcadia, the birth- place of Mercury ; whence his epithet Cyllenius. Cymoth'oe,* a sea-nymph, daughter of Ne- reus and Doris. Cynoceph'alus (dog's head), an epithet of Annubis. Cynosu'ra,f a nymph of Ida, in Crete, one of the nurses of Jupiter, who changed her into the constellation of Ursa Minor. Cyn'thus, a mountain of Delos ; whence Apollo was called Cynthius, and Diana, Cynthia. Cyparis'sus, a youth changed by Apollo into the cypress tree, for killing a favourite stag. Cyprus, a large island in the eastern part of the Mediterranean, sacred to Venus, whence her epithet Cyp'ria. Cyre'ne, the daughter of the river Peneus, who was carried off by Apollo to Libya or Africa, and gave her name to Cyre'ne. Cy'rus, king of Persia, surnamed the Great, the most celebrated monarch of antiquity. Cy'ta, a town of Colchis, the birthplace of Medea. Cythe'ra, an island near Laconia, in Pelo- ponnesus, sacred to Venus, who sprang from the sea near its coasts. Dac'tyli, priests of Cybele, on Mount Ida in Crete ; the same as the Cure'tes and Cory- bantes. Dzed'alus, a celebrated Athenian artist, who when confined in the Cretan labyrinth by Minos, made himself wings with feathers and wax, and flew to Cumse ; but Icarus his son was drowned in the Icarian Sea. He was the inventor of sails for ships, whence arose the fable. Dse'mon, a kind of spirits or genii, that pre- sided over the actions of man. Da'mon and Pyth'ias, Pythagorean philoso- phers of Sicily, famed for their mutual friendship. Damas'cus, an ancient and celebrated city of Syria. It existed in the days of Abraham. Dan'ae, the daughter of Acrisius, king of Argos, whom Jupiter visited in a golden shower. See Perseus. Dan'aus, a son of Belus, and king of Argos. He married his fifty daughters, the Dana'- ides, to the fifty sons of his brother Egyp- tus, and commanded them to put their husbands to death on the wedding night, because lie had been informed by an oracle that ho was to be killed by one of his sons in-law. Hypermnestra alone spared her husband. The Danaides, fur this crime, were doomed, in the infernal regions, to rill with water, from a deep well, vessels full of holes, from which the water ran out as soon as it was poured in. * Cymotlioe is from 7:uma,n wave, and tlico, to run. \ Cyosura. This term is usually applied to the pole st;ir, which is in the tail of Ursa Minor, or the Les-er Bear. It is derived from Jcuon, a dog, and vara, a tail. Dan^i, a name of the people of Argos, from Danaus ; the Greeks generally. Dana'ides, the fifty daughters of Danaus. Daph'ne, a nymph beloved by Apollo, and changed by him into a laurel. Dar'danus, a son of Jupiter and ElectTa, and the founder of Troy ; whence the Trojans were called Dardani, and the country Dardania. Darius, the name of three kings of Persia. Dau'lis, a city of Phocis, the scene of the tragic story of Procne and Philome'la. Dejani'ra, the daughter of CEneus, king of Calydon, wife of Hercules, and the inno- cent cause of his death. See Nessus. De'los, an island in the /Egean Sea, in the centre of the Cyc'lades, famous as the birthplace of Apollo and Diana. It is said to have derived its name from having suddenly emerged from the sea,* in order to afford Lato'na a place to bring forth Apollo and Diana, and that it was origi- nally a floating island. Del'phi, a city of Phocis, celebrated for a temple and oracle of Apollo. Delphi was considered by the ancients as the " navel" or centre of the earth. Delta, that part of Lower Egypt between the most eastern and western mouths of the Nile; so called from its resemblance to the Greek letter Delta, A- Dema'tria, a Spartan mother, who killed her son because he returned from battle with- out glory. Demos'thenes, the great Greek orator. Der'ceto, a goddess of Syria, represented in the form of a mermaid. Deuea'lion, a son of Prometheus, who mar- ried Pyrrha, the daughter of his uncle Epime'theus and Pando'ra. Deucalion and Pyrrha were alone preserved from the great deluge which destroyed mankind ; and they repeopled the earth by throwing stones behind them, which became respec- tively men and women. Diana, the daughter of Jupiter and Latona, and the sister of Apollo. She was the goddess of chastity, of hunting, and of woods and groves. Her most celebrated temple was at Eph'esns. She was wor- shipped as Luna in heaven, as Diana on earth, and as Hecate in hell. She is represented as a tall and beautiful virgin in a hunting dress, a bow in her hand, a quiver of arrows suspended across her shoulders, and her forehead ornamented with a .silver crescent. ftie'te, a mountain of Crete, in a cave on which Jupiter was nursed. Dido, queen of Carthage, who killed herself on being deserted byiEneas. Didynias'us, an epithet of Apol?o. Dies'piter, " the father of day," one of the epithets of Jupiter. Dii Majo'rum Gen'tium, the gods of the greater gentes or families, applied by the Romans to the superior deities. Dindyme'ne, an epithet of Cybele. Dk/'genes, a celebrated Cynic philosopher. * Delos is from de'los, manifest. see CLASSICAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. Dioinc'des, tlie son of Tycleus, a distinguish- ed liero at the siege of Troy. — Also, a tyrant of Thrace, who fed his horses on human flesh. Pie was killed by Hercules. Dio'ne, the mother of Venus. Dionys'ius, a tyrant of Syracuse. Diony'sus, the Greek name of Bacchus. Diosen'ri, an epithet of Castor and Pollux, Dir'ce, a fountain at Thebes. Dirse, an epithet of the Furies. Dis, a title of Pinto. Discor'dia, the goddess of discord. Dithyrambi, hymns sung in honor of Dithy- rambus or Bacchus. Dodo'na, a city of Epirus, celebrated for an oracle of Jupiter, which was in a grove of oak trees. Do'ris, a sea-nymph, daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, and wife of Nereus. Their daughters were called Nereides. — Also, a country of Greece. Dra'co, an Athenian lawgiver. Druids (Druids), the priests of the Gauls and ancient Britons. Dry'ades* (Dryads), nymphs who presided over trees. Du'bris, the ancient name of Dover. E. Ebu'dse, the ancient name of the Hebrides. Echid'na, a monster — half woman, half ser- pent, the mother of Typhon, Cerberus, &c. Echi'on, one of the armed men who sprang from the dragon's teeth sown by Cadmus. Ec'ho, a daughter of Air and Telius, who pined away for love of Narcissus. Edo'ni, a people of Thrace. Edo'nus, the Thracian Bacchus ; Edo'nides, priestesses of Bacchus. Ege'ria, a nymph visited by Numa. Elee'tra, a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, and wife of Atlas.— Also, the daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, who in- stigated her brother Orestes to revenge their father's death on their mother, and her paramour yEgisthus. Elec'tridcs, islands in the Adriatic, near the mouth of the Po, yielding amber. Elec'tryo, a son of Perseus and Andromeda, and father of Alcmena". Elele'us, an epithet of Bacchus. Eleu'sis, a town of Attica. See Ceres. E'lis, a district of Peloponnesus, celebrated for the Olympic games. Elyma'is, a country of Persia. Elys'ium, the abode of the blessed. Emped'ocles, a philosopher, poet, and his- torian of Sicily. Empu'sa, a phantom or demoniac appear- ance, sent by Hecate to terrify people. Eneel'adus, one of the Titans or giants that warred against heaven, supposed to be the same as Typho'eus. Having been struck down by Jupiter's thunderbolt, his half- burnt body was crushed under Mount JEtna, where, as often as he attempts to turn his weary side, the mountain sends forth flames and ashes. Dryades. From drus, an oak tree. Endym'ioD, a shepherd and astronomer of Caria, ',vho could command sleep at plea- sure. Pie was beloved by Luna. Eni'peus, a river of Thessaly, beloved by Tyro, a daughter of Salmoneus. En'nius, an ancient Latin poet. Ennoslgte'us ( ; ' the earth shaker"), Neptune. Enotocce'tffi, a people whose ears : : scribed as hanging down to their heels. Eny'o, the sister of Mars, and goddess of war ; put for war itself. E'os, the Greek name for Aurora. Epaminon'das, a Theban celebrated for his private virtues, patriotism, and military talents. Epaphrodi'tus, a freedman, punished with death for assisting Nero to kill himself. Ep'aphus, the son of Jupiter and Io, and founder of Memphis. Epe'us, the fabricator of the wooden or Trojan horse. Eph'esus, a celebrated city of Ionia, in Asia Minor. See Diana. Eph'etae, certain magistrates at Athens. Ephial'te3. See Otus and Aloidae. Eph'ori, five chief magistrates at Athens. Eph'yra, the ancient name of Corinth. Epicte'tus. a celebrated Stoic philosopher. Epicu'rus, a celebrated philosopher of Attica. Epidau'rus, a town of Argolis, in Pelopon- nesus, celebrated for the temple of iEseu- lapius. Epig'oni, " the descendants" of the seven chiefs who besieged Thebes. They resum- ed the war ten years after. Epimenldes, an epic poet of Crete. Epirce'theus, the son of Japetus, brother of Prometheus, and the father of Pyriha by Pandora. He was turned into an ape for opening Pandora's box. Epi'rus, a country of Greece. Epytldes, a patronymic of Periphas, son of Ep'ytus, king of Alba. Er'ato, the Muse of amatory poetry. Eratos'thenes, a celebrated philosopher and mathematician of Cyrene, who was called a second Plato. Eratos'tratus, an Ephesian, who, to perpetu- ate his name, set fire to the celebrated temple of Diana. Er'ebus, the son of Chaos and Nox. changed into a river in hell for aiding the Titans against Jupiter: also, put for hell. Erech'theus, a king of Athens to whom 3 temple was raised. Erechthidce, his de- scendants : also, the Athenians. Erid'anus, a river of Italy, the same as the Padus, or Po. Erig'one, a daughter of Icarius, changed into a constellation. See Icarius. Erin'nys, Erin'nyes, a Fury, the Furies. Eriphy'le, the wife of Amphiaraus, who, being bribed by Pol yni'ces with a golden necklace, betrayed the retreat of her hus- band, who wished to avoid going to tha Theban war, because he foresaw that ho would fall there. He charged his son Alcmseon to murder his mother Eriphyle, as soon as the tidings of his death arrived. E'ris, the Greek name tor the goddess ©i discord. CLASSICAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. 367 Erisich'thon, a Thessalian, who insulted Ceres by cutting down her groves, for ■which she punished him with continual hunger. Eryman'thus, a mountain in Arcadia, fa- mous for the wild boar killed by Hercules. Eryci'na, an epithet of Venus. Erythi'a, an island in the Bay of Gades ( Cadiz), on which Geryon kept his oxen. Esse'dones, a tribe of the Scythians. Et'e6cles and Polynices, the sons of CEdipus and Joeasta, celebrated for their mortal enmity to each other They perished by each other's hands. See Thebes. Etha'lion, one of the Tyrrhene sailors who were chanced into dolphins for carrying away Bacchus. Etrus'ci, the inhabitants of Etruria in Italy. Eubce'a, a largi island in the vEgean Sea. Eubu'lus, a rival of Demosthenes. Eucli'des (Euclid), a celebrated Greek ma- thematician. Eumen'ides, a name given to the Furies by way of euphemism or propitiation. The term implies " benevolent " fiumol'pidae, certain priests of Ceres. Euphe'nuis, a son of Neptune and Europa. Euphor'bus, son of Panthous, slain in the Trojan war. Pythagoras alleged that he had been Euphorbus, and pointed out, at first sight, his shield in the temple of Juno. Euphra'tes, a large and celebrated river of Mesopotamia. Enphros'yne, one of the three Graces. Eu'polis, a comic poet of Athens. . Euripides, a celebrated Grecian tragic poet. Euri'pus, a narrow strait separating the island of Euhcea from the mainland. Euro'pa, a daughter of Agenor, king of Phoenicia, whom Jupiter, having trans- formed himself into a bull, carried off through the sea into Crete. She gave her name to the continent of Europe. Euro'tas, a river of Laconia. Eu'rus, a wind blowing from the east. Eury'ale, one of the Gorgons. Eury'Slus, a Latin prince, the friend of Nisus, celebrated by Virgil. Euryd'lee, the wife of Orpheus, who, when flying from the importunities of Aristaeus, was bitten by a serpent, and died of the wound. Orpheus was so disconsolate for her loss, that he descended into the infer- nal regions to seek- her. Pluto, as the reward of his musical skill, granted her restoration, on condition of his not look- ing behind, till after they had passed the infernal gates. This he unfortunately did, and she vanished from his eyes. Euryl'ochus. the only companion of Ulysses not changed into a hog by Circe. Euryp'ylus, the son of Telcphus, and lover of Cassandra. Eurys'thuus, the son of Sthenelus, and king of Argos or Myeence, who, at the instiga- tion of Juno, compelled Hercules to under- take his severe and celebrated labours. See Hercules. Euryt'ion, a Centaur, whoso insolence to Hippodamia caused the quarrel between the Centaurs and Lapituas. Eu'rytus, the father of Iole, slain by Her- cules for not keeping faith with him. Euter'pe, the Muse who presides over music. Euxi'nus Pontus, the Euxine or Black Sea. Evad'ne, the wife of Capaneus, who, when he was struck by Jupiter with thunder, threw herself on his funeral pile, and perished in the flames. E'vius, an epithet of Bacchus. F. Fa'bii, a powerful family at Rome. Fa.'ma, the goddess of fame. Fa'ta, the Fates ; namely, Clotho, Lachesis, and AtrSpos. The first was said to attach the thread of life to the distaff; the second, to allot to each individual his portion ; and the third, to cut it off. Fau'ni, rustic deities presiding over the fields and woods. The offspring of Faunus. Fau'nus, the son of Picus, and the most ancient king of the Aborigines. Fau'stulus, the shepherd who brought up Romulus and Remus. Fera'lia, a festival in honor of the dead. Fere'trius, an epithet of Jupiter. Fero'nia, a goddess of woods and orchards. Fi'des, the goddess of faith. Flo'ra, the goddess of flowers. Fortuna, the goddess of fortune. Fortuna'tse In'sulas ("the happy islands"), supposed to be the Canary Isles. Furiae, the Furies or avenging goddesses, whose names were Alecta, Meg3?ra, and Tisiphdne. They are represented as aim- ed with snakes and scourges. Ga'dcs, Gadi'ra, now Cadiz. Gse'a, the Greek name of Tellus, or the Earth. Galan'this, a maid of Alcmena, changed into a weasel by Juno, on account of the assist- ance that she gave her mistress at the birth of Hercules. Galate'a, a sea-nymph, daughter of Nereus, passionately fond of Acis, a Sicilian shep- herd, for which his unsuccessful rival Polyphemus, the Cyclops, slew him. Gala'tia, a country of Asia Minor. Gale'nus (Galen), a celebrated physician. Galila/a. a country of Syria. Gallia (Gaul), the ancient name of France. Ganyme'des (Gan'ymede), a beautiful youth of Phrygia, son of Tros, who was carried off while hunting, by Jupiter's eagle, and made the cup-bearer of the gods. Gem'Ini, the twins. See Castor an&v-ollux. Genius, a spirit or demon that presided over the birth and life of every man. Genii, the plural of Genius. Gen'sSric, a famous Vandal prince. Ger'yon and Gerydnes, the offspring of Chry- saor and Callir'rhoe ; represented with three heads, and three bodies. Ho ruled in Spain (in Gades), and fed his oxen on human flesh. He was slain by Hercules. Gigan'tes, the Giants, offspring of Ccelus and Gaea, or the earth. They sprang from the blood of tho wound which Ccelus 368 CLASSICAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. received from his son Saturn, and are re- presented as monstrous in size and ap- pearance — some of them having 50 heads, and 100 arms. The defeat of the Titans outraged them against Jupiter, whom they conspired to dethrone. Alarmed by their threats, he armed his son Hercules against them, who soon defeated them. Some of them were crushed under mountains, and others buried in the sea. See JEtna,. Glauco'pis, " the blue-eyed." an epithet of Minerva. Glau'cus, a fisherman changed into a sea-god. — Also, a Trojan warrior, who exchanged his golden armour for the brazen armour of Diomedes. Gnos'sus, a famous city of Crete. Gor'dius, a king of Phrygia, famous for tying the " Gordian knot," upon the untying ot which the empire of Asia was foretold to depend. Alexander the Great having tried in vain to untie it, cut it in two with his sword. Gor'gOnes, the three daughters of Phorcus and Ceto, named Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa. Their appearance was so mon- strous, and their aspect so terrible, that every one on whom they looked, was turn- ed into stone. See Perseus. Gradi'vus, an epithet of Mars. Gratis (the Graces), the three daughters of Jupiter and Juno (or Eurynome), named Agla'ia, Euphros'yne, and Thali'a. Grani'cus, a river in Bithynia. Gy'ges or Gy'es, a giant with 100 hands. See Gigantes. H. Ha'des,* the Greek name of Pluto : put also for the infernal regions. Ha?'mon, son of Creon, and lover of Antigono, Hae'mus, a lofty mountain between Thrace and Thessaly. Hale'sus, a son of Agamemnon, who, upon being driven from home, came to Italy, and founded Falisci. Hamadry'ades,! nymphs who lived and died with the particular tree to which each was attached. Hammon or Ammon, the J\i i ,ite". of Africa. Harmo'nia. See Hermione. Harmon'ides, a famous Trojan artist. Harpal'yce, a celebrated Thracian huntress. Harpoc'rates, the Egyptian god of silence. Harpy'iaj (the Harpies), three rapacious monsters, with the bodies of vultures and the faces of females. They were named Ael'lo, Celffi'no, and Ocyp'fite. He'be, the goddess of youth, and daughter of Juno. She was Jupiter's cup-bearer, and afterwards the wife of Hercules. He'brus, a celebrated river of Thrace. Heo'Sle, a poor old woman who entertained Theseus in his youth. • Hades. The term means darkness; from a, not, and eido, to see. t Hamadryades, From 7ja?na, together, and diiis, cm oak. Hec'ate (Hecate), a powerful goddess, called Luna in heaven, Diana on earth, and He- cate in hell. Hccatom'bcea,* a sacrifice of 100 oxen. Hector, the great Trojan hero, son of Priana and Hecuba. Hec'uba, the wife of Priam, king of Troy. Hel'ena, the daughter of Tyndarns and Leda, and wife of Menelaus. Her elopement with Paris was the cause of the siege cf Troy. She was the most beautiful womaa of her age. Hel'enus, a celebrated soothsayer, son of Priam and Hecuba. Hellce, the same as the constellation Ursu Minor; so called from its "moving round and round" the pol6. Hel'icon, a mountain of Bceotia, sacred to the Muses. Eeliop'tilis, "the city of the sun," in Egypt. Hel'le. See Phrixus. Hellespon'tus, "the sea of Helle," now the Dardanelles. Helve'tii, a people of Gaul ; in that part now called Switzerland. } Heptap'ylos, "seven-gated," an epithe* of the Boeotian Thebes. He/ra, the Greek name of Jiino. Heraele'a, the name of several towns built in honor of Hercules. Heracli'das, the descendants of Hercules. Heranli'tus, a celebrated Greek philosopher, who, from constantly deploring the follies, vices, and vicissitudes of mankind, was termed " the weeping philosopher," in contrast to Democ'ritus, "the laughing philosopher." HercuJa'neum, a town of Campania in Italy, which, with Pompeii, was swallowed up by an earthquake. See Heraclea. Her'cules, the son of Jupiter by Alcmena, I wife of Amphytrion ; famous for his strength, and his celebrated labours. Through the malignity of Juno, and the fatality of his birth, he was subjected to the power of Eurystheus, king of Argos, for twelve years. Having determined to bear with fortitude the hardships which his destiny imposed upon him, he, at the command of Eurystheus, performed the following labours. 1. He killed the Ne- maan lion, the offspring of the hundred- headed Typhon, and clothed himself with his skin. 2. He killed the Lernean hydra, a water-scrpent with 100 heads. When one of the heads of the monster was cut off, two others immediately sprang up in its place, which he ultimately prevented by applying a burning iron to the wounds. 3. He brought alive to Eurystheus, after a year's chace, the golden-horned, and brazen-footed stag which frequented Mount Msenalus. This stag was of incredible swiftness, and was sacred to Diana, whom he appeased by pleading necessity and the will of the gods. 4. He brought alive the huge wild boar which ravaged the country of Erymanthus. Eurystheus was so trrri- * Becatomba:a. From hecaton, a hundred, and lous, an os. CLASSICAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. 369 fied at the sight of the animal, that he hid himself for several days in his brazen cell. 5. He cleansed in one day the Augean stables, in which 3,000 oxen had stood for 30 years. This he effected by turning the river Alpheus or Peneus through them. 6. He killed the Stymphalides birds ■which infested the lake of Stymphalus in Arcadia, and fed upon human flesh. 7. He tamed, and brought to Mycens, a fa- mous wild bull, which ravaged the island of Crete. 8. He vanquished Diomede, tyrant of Thrace, who fed his horses on human flesh. 9. He brought the girdle of Hippolyte, the queen of the Amazons, having tirst had to subdue them. 10. He slew the monster Geryon, and brought away his oxen. 11. He brought away the golden apples from the garden of the Hes- perides, having first killed the wakeful dragon that guarded them. 12. He drag- ged up from the infernal regions, the three-headed dog Cerberus, after a severe struggle with Pluto. At the same time, he brought>away, but not without the consent of the infernal deities, Theseus and Pir- ith'ous. Besides the labours imposed upon him, Hercules performed many other ex- ploits. While an infant in his cradle, he strangled two serpents which Juno had sent to destroy him. He delivered Hesi- one, daughter of Laomedon, king of Troy, from a terrible sea-monster to which she was exposed. Pie eased Atlas for a day, by taking the heavens upon his shoulders. He successfully assisted Jupiter, when warred against by the giants; and freed the world from monsters and tyrants. After his death ho was received among the gods ; and Juno becoming reconciled to him, gave him her daughter Hebe in marriage. See Dejanira and Omphale. Her'mes, the Greek name of Mercury. Hermi'one or Harmonia, a daughter of Mars and Venus, and wife of Cadmus. Vuican to be revenged on Venus, presented Her- mione with a fatal necklace,* and a robe dyed in every species of crime. He'ro, a beautiful priestess of Venus at Scs- tos. beloved by Leander of Abydos, who used to swim over the Hellespont by night, to visit her. He having been unfortunately drowned in a tempestuous night, she flung herself into the sea, and shared his fate. Herod'otus, a celebrated Greek historian. Hesi'one, a daughter of Laomedon. See Hercules. Hesper'ides, the daughters of Hesperus, namely, yEgle, Areihusa, and Ilespere- thusa. They had a garden of golden apples, guarded by a sleepless dragon. See Hercules. Hippoc'rates, a celebrated physician of Cos. Hippocre'ne. See Pegasus. Hippodamia, the daughter of Adrastus, and wife of Pirithous. It was at her marriage that the battle of the Centaurs and Lapi- thae took place. — Also, the wife of Pclops. * This necldnce was lata! to the house of Amphi- araus. See Eriphyle. See also the note upon the Cadme'an family, page 375. Hippol'yte, a queen of the Amazons, con- quered by Hercules, and given by him to Theseus in marriage. Hippol'ytus, the son of Hippolyte by The- seus, famed for his virtue and misfortunes. Hippom'edon, one of the seven chiefs against Thebes. See Thebes. Hippom'enes. See Atalanta. Hippo'na, the goddess who presided over horses. Hispa'nia, the ancient name of Spain. Home'rus (Homer), the great Grecian poet. Ho'nor, worshipped as a goddess at Rome. Ho'raa, the Hours or Seasons, the daughters of Jupiter and Themis. Hora'tius (Horace), a celebrated Roman poet. Hospita'lis, an epithet of Jupiter as the pro- tector of strangers. Hyacin'thus, a beautiful Spartan boy, a fa- vorite of Apollo, who, having accidentally killed him with a quoit, changed his blood into the hyacinth. Hy'ades. the seven daughters of Atlas, who were changed by Jupiter into stars in the bead of Taurus. Hy'bla, a mountain in Sicily, famous for its honey. Hy'dra. See Hercules. Hyge'ia, the goddess of health. Hy'las, a beautiful youth, a favorite of Her- cules. He was lost during the Argonautic expedition, having fallen with his pitcher into the river ; whence the fable, that the river-nymphs being enamoured of him, had carried him off. He was anxiously sought after by Hercules. Hymena/us (Hymen), the son of Bacchus aud Venus, and the god of marriage. Hyperbo'rei, a people who lived very far to the north. Hyperi'on, a son of Ccelus and Terra. Hypermnes'tra. See Danaides. Hypsip'yle, a queen of Lemnos. Hyrca'num Ma're, now the Caspian Sea. Iac'chus, another form for Bacchus. Ia'na, Diana, among the ancient Latins. Ian'the, a beautiful Cretan girl. Iap'etus, another form of Japetus. Ia'pyx, a wind from Iapygia in Italy. Ibe'ri, a people of Iberia ; now Georgia. Ibe'rus, a river of Spain ; now the Ebro. Icarus, the son of Daedalus, who, flying too high, melted the wax of his wings, and feiJ into the Icarian Sea. Ica'rius, the father of Erigone, who was kill- ed by some shepherds to whom he had given wine, which they supposed to be poison. His daughter, who hanged her- self through grief for his death, was chang- ed into the constellation Virgo; his faith- ful dog Maera, into the star Canis ; and himself into Boo'tes. Icelos, a son of Morpheus, who could comfort himself into any shape or resemblance.* Ice'ni, a people of Britain. Ichor, the blood of the gods. Icelos. From eVcclos, like. K 3 CLASSICAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. Ichthyoph'agL a people of /Ethiopia ; lite- rally, }?$A*ea#er.s. I'da, a mountain in Crete, on which Jupiter was brought up. — Also, a mountain near Troy, on -which Cybele was -worshipped ; and the scene of ; ' the Judgment of Paris." Ida'lia, an epithet of Venus. Idom'eneus, a king of Crete. Igna'tius, a bishop and martyr. Il'ia. See Rhea Sylvia. Illas (the Iliad), Homer's celebrated poem; so called, because the subject is the siege of Troy or Ilium. See 11 us. Il'ione, the eldest daughter of Pz-iam. Illis'sus, a small river of Attica, sacred to the Muses. I'lus, the son of Tros who built the citadel of Troy, called Il'ium, or Il'ion, -which name -was afterwards extended to the city. Tn'achus, the founder of Argos, the oldest city of Greece. Indi"getes, native gods, or great men deified. I'no, a daughter of Cadmus ar.d Hermione, and the si cond wife of Athamas, king of Thebes, by whom she had two sons, Lear- chus and Melicerta. In a fit of madness, Athamas killed Learchus, upon which Ino fled with Melicerta in her arms ; and, throwing herself into the sea, tbey were changed into sea-deities ; she into Leu- cothoe, and her son into Palcemon. Ino'pus, a river of Delos. I'o, daughter of Inachus, metamorphosed by Jupiter into a row, to shield her from the persecution of Juno. Tola'us, a friend of Hercules. Pole, a daughter of Eurytus, king of (Ecba- lii, beloved by Hercules. Her father having promised her in marriage to any person who could overcome him or his sons in drawing the, bow, Hercules accept- ed the challenge, and came off victorious. Eurytus, however, failed to fulfil his en- gagement, which so enraged Hercules, tbat he killed him on the spot. Iph'icles. the twin brother of Hercules. Iphigeni'a, the daughter of Agamemnon, sa- crificed at Aulis to procure a favourable wind for the Grecian fleet. According to some, she was snatched away by Diana, and a stag substituted. Iphimedi'a. the wife of Aloe'us, and mother of the Alo'idee. Iphltus, ason of Eurytus, killed by Hercules. Irenseus, a bishop and martyr. A.D. 202. Ire'ne, one of the Horse, presiding over the maintenance of pence. I'ris, the messenger of Juno, changed into the rainbow. I'sis, an Egyptian goddess, wife of Osiris. Isme'ne, the sister of Antigone. Ister and Istrus, the ancient name of the I river Danube. tth'aca, an island in the Ionian Se3, famous as the abode of Ulysses. Ito'nus, a son of Deucaiion, the inventor of ■ the fusion of metals. Itu'na, a river of Britain : now the Eden. I'tys, the son of Tereus and Procne, mur- dered by his mother, and served up to his father at table. See Philomela. Ixi'bn. the father of the Centaurs, who, fei rivalling Jupiter, and slandering Juno, was fastened to a wheel in the infernal regions, which continually revolved over a river of fire. J. Ja'nus, a Roman deity, represented with two faces and heads. See Saturn. Jap'etus, the father of Prometheus. Ja'son, the son of JEson, and leader of the celebrated Argonautic expedition. The expedition of the Argonauts is one of the most celebrated events recorded in fabu- lous history. It was undertaken by Jason for the recovery of the Golden Fleece, which iEetes, king of Colchis, had taken possession of, after having murdered Phrixus; and all the heroes of the age, as Hercules, Theseus, Peleus. Telamon, Castor and Pollux, joined in it. Jason was led to undertake it, by the insidious offer of his uncle Pelias, who promised to restore to him his throne, which he had so long usurped, in case of his success. Pelias, however, was in hopes, from the great dangers attending it, that Jason would perish in the attempt. The verse] in which they embarked, and from which they derived their name, was called the Argo. It was the great wonder of the times, and was afterwards converted by the poets into a constellation. After many dangers and adventures, the heroes arriv- ed at Colchis, and demanded from /Setes- the Golden Fleece. iEetes explained to Jason that he could only obtain it on the following conditions : — He was to tame two buils which breathed flames, and had feet and horns of brass, and to plough with them a field sacred to Mars. After this he was to sow the ground with the teeth of a dragon, from which armed men would spring up, and attack with fury the plougher of the field. Having destroyed the armed men, he was next to kill a monstrous dragon that watched night and day at the foot of the tree on which the Golden Fleece was suspended. All these labours were to be performed in one day. Jason undertook them, and by the aid of Medea, the daughter of ^Eetcs, accom- plished them. She was a famous magi- cian, and becoming enamoured of Jason, she exerted herself in his behalf. He was preserved from the fiery breath of the bulls by an ointment which she gave him to apply to his person. Having ploughed the field with them, and sowed it with the dragon's teeth, he, by her advice, threw a stone among the armed men, upon which they turned their weapons against each ether, and fell by mutual slaughter. He then, by means of a potion with which she had provided him, put the dragon to sleep, and took from the tree the Golden Fleece, the great object of his voyage. Jason then set sail from Colchis, carrying off Medes with him, whom he married, and after man> disasters and adventures, arrived safely is his paternal kingdom. See Medea. CLASSICAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. 371 Jocas'ta, the daughter of Creon, who mar- ried her own son (E dip us, both being igno- rant of their relationship. See (Edipus. Jorda'nes (the Jordan), a river of Judea. Jose'phus, a celebrated Jewish historian. Ju'ba, a king of Numidia. Juds'a, a famous country of Syria, Jugur'tha, a Numidian usurper. Juno, the daughter of Saturn, sister and wife of Jupiter, and queen of the gods. Argos and the island of Samos contended for the honor of her birthplace. Her worship was widely extended, and her temples numerous. As the founder of marriage she was called Pronuba; as the protec- tress of women in child-birth, Luci'na or Lucetia ; and as the patroness of the chas- tity of matrons, Matro'na. See Jupiter. Juno is represented as a majestic woman, seated upon a throne, with a sceptre in her hand, and a crown upon her head, on which danced the Hours and Graces. She also bore in her hand a pomegranate, a symbol of fruitfulness among the ancients ; and near her was placed her favorite bird, the peacock. She is also represented as riding through the air in a chariot drawn by peacocks, and attended by Iris (or the rainbow), and the Aurce (or air-nymphs). Ju'piter, the son of Saturn and Rhea, and the king of the gods. Saturn received the kingdom of the world from his elder brothers the Titans, on condition of his not bringing up any male children. He has therefore been represented as devour- ing his own children. But at the birth of Jupiter, Neptune, and Pluto, their mother, wishing to preserve them, gave Saturn in- stead, large stones wrapped up in swad- dling-clothes, which he swallowed without perceiving the deception. Jupiter was conveyed to a cave on Mount Ida in Crete, where he was fed upon the honey of bees, and the milk of the goat Amalthea. The Cretan priests ( Corybantes, Bactyli, &c), who were entrusted with his education, drowned his infantile cries with the noise of their cymbals and drums, lest Saturn should hear them. The Titans having dis- covered that Saturn had sons living, made war upon him, and having conquered him, imprisoned both him and Rhea. Jupiter, uniting with his brothers, attacked the Titans, and, having utterly defeated them, restored Saturn to his kingdom. Saturn becoming apprehensive of the power of his son, and unmindful of the obligation he owed him, conspired against his life. For this he was dethroned by Jupiter, and obliged to fly from his kingdom. Jupiter having possessed himself of his father's realms, became the supreme ruler of the universe. He divided his empire, how- ever, with his brothers. To Neptune he gave the dominion of the sea; to Pluto lie assigned the* infernal regions; while he reserved for his own rule the empire of heaven and the earth. The beginning of his reign was disturbed by the Giants whom the earth had produced to revenge the defeat of the Titaus. They attempted to scale the heavens, and seize upon the thun- derer ; but they were defeated in their impious attempts, and either precipitated into Tartarus, or buried under lofty moun- tains. In this war Hercules was of signal service to Jupiter. Jupiter being now free from all apprehension of danger, gave himself up to a life of pleasure and licen- tiousness ; and in order to gratify his pas- sion, he is represented as assuming all manner of shapes and disguises. He ap» piroached Leda in the form of a swan, Danae in a shower of gold, Alcmena in the form of her husband Amphitryon, and Europa he carried off in the form of a bull. The conduct of Jupiter led to great jeal- ousy on the part of Juno, who is repre- sented as frequently upbraiding him, and constantly persecuting her rivals and their children. The worship of Jupiter was uni- versal. He was the Belus of the Babylo- nians, the Osiris of the Egyptians, and the Amnion of the Africans. Jupiter is usu- ually represented as a majestic man, sit- ting on a golden or ivory throne, holding a sceptre in his right hand, and a thunder- holt in his left; while the eagle, with ex- panded wings, stands at his feet. Homer describes him with black eyebrows, and curling hair; his head surrounded with clouds, and shaking the heavens with his nod. There are several other representa- tions of Jupiter; as "the Olympian," the "iEgis-bearing," the " Dodoncean," and the " Capitoline" Jupiter. The Olympian Jupiter wears a mantle variegated with various flowers, and the eagle is perched upon the sceptre. The JEgis-beai ing Ju- piter wears his cegis on his left shoulder. The Dodoncean has a chaplet of oak leaves ; and the Capitoline holds the sceptre and a sacrificial bowl. The crown on his knee is the offering of a triumphing general. Lab'dacus, the father of Laius. Labyrin'thus, a celebrated building in Egypt, and also in Crete, from which, in conse- quence of its many winding and perplexing passages, it was almost impossible to escape. Hence the term labyrinth. See Theseus. Lacedse'mon, a son of Jupiter. Lach'esis, one of the three Fates. Laco'nia, a celebrated country of Greece, Laer'tes, the father of Ulysses. LEestryg'ones, a barbarous people of Sicily. La'ius, the father of GMipus. La'mias, certain monsters of Africa, with the faces and breasts of women, and the bodies of serpents. Laocoon, a priest of Apollo, who, while in the act of sacrificing, was killed, with his two sons, by two enormous serpents. See Virgil's highly poetical description of the death of Laocoon and his sons — Mn. ii. 200. The famous group of statuary called the Laocoon, has always been much admired for its expression of physical suffering, and mental anguish. It was discovered among the ruins of the baths of Titus. 372 CLASSICAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. Laodami'a, the daughter of Bellerophon. Laodice'a, a city of Asia Minor. Laod'Ochus, a son of Antenor. Laom'edon, the son of litis, king of Troy. Laplthse, a people of Thessaly. See Cen- taurs, and also Pirith6us. La'res, household gods at Rome. Larvie, the Roman name for spectres and goblins. Luti'nus, a king of Latium. La Mum, an ancient country of Italy. Lato'ua, the mother of Apollo and Diana hy Jupiter. See Delos. Laver na, the goddess of thieves. Lavin'kv, the daughter of Latinus, aud wife of iEueas. Leander See Hero. Lear'chus, the son of Athamas and Ino. Le'da, the wife of Tyndarus, and mother of Helen. She was also the mother of Castor and Pollux by Jupiter. See Jupiter. Lcm'nos, au island in the iEgean Sea, sacred to Vuleaa. Lem'ures, iivenging goblins or evil spirits. Leon'Idas, eo, to flow. j The crimes ami misfortunes of this family have furnished the ancient Greek poets with favourite ■objects for their tragedies; as the "Sphinx, f man. Jupiter gave her a box containing all the evils of life, but with hope at the bottom. This box Pandora was ordered to present to her husband, and she was first sent to Prometheus. He, fearing some fraud, sent her away ; hut his brother Epimetheus,t being smitten with her charms, married her. She then presented him with the fatal box, which he having foolishly opened, all the evils that afflict mankind flew out. Hope alone remained at the bottom, affording some consolation to miserable mortals. Pan'Spc, one of the Nereids. Panor'mus, a town of Sicily ; now Palermo- Panthc'on, a celebrated temple at Rome, huilt in the reign of Augustus, and dedi- cated to all the gods. Pan'thoides, the son of Panthous. See Eu- phorbus. Pa'phos, a town of Cyprus, from which Venus was called the Paphian as well as Cyprian goddess. Parca?,± another name for the Fates. Par'is, a son of Priam, distinguished for his beauty. His abduction of Helen was the cause of the Trojan war. He was also called Alexander, and in his youth was a shepherd on Mount Ida. See Ida. Parme'nio, one of Alexander's generals. Parnas'sus, a mountain of Phocis, sacred to the Muses. It was called biceps, from its two peaks or summits. Pa'ros, one of the Cyclades, famous for its beautiful marble. * Pandora. From pan, every, and do'ron, a <*ift. f Epimetheus. According to "Horace, the " un- wiser son of Japhet." % Parcai. This term is usually derived by anti- pnrasis, from parco, to spare. But compare the meaning of the term Eumvaides. Parrha'sius, a famous painter of Ephesus. Par'thenon,* a celebrated temple at Athens e dedicated to Minerva. Parthen'Ope, a syren who drowned herself, because she failed to charm Ulysses with her strains. Pasiph'ae, the wife of Minos, king of Crete. Pat'mos, one of the Cyclades, to which the Romansgenerallyhanished their criminals. Patroc'les, the friend of Achilles, in whose armour he was slain hy Hector. Pe'gasus. tho winged horse which sprang from the blood of the Gorgon Medusa, a favorite of Apollo and the Muses. When Bellerophon attempted to fly to heaven on Pegasus, Jupiter, indignant at his pre- sumption, sent a gadfly to sting the horse. Bellerophon wa3 thrown from his horse: hut Pegasus, "spurning his earthly rider," continued his flight towards heaven, where he became a constellation. Pelas'gi, the most ancient inhabitants of Greece. Pe'leus. a king of Thessaly, who married the sea-goddess Thetis, by whom ho had Achilles. Peleus was the only mortal that ever married an immortal. Peli'des, the patronymic of Achilles. Pe'lias, the uncle of Jason, and the usurper of his kingdom. His daughters having requested Medea to restore him to youth, as she had done to the father of Jason, were directed by her to cut him in pieces as a preliminary. But when they had done as directed, Medea, wishing to avenge the injuries which her husband had re- ceived from him, refused to perform her promise. She had incited them to do this bloody deed, hy cutting up in their pre- sence an old ram, boiling it in a cauldron, and then changing it into a young lamb. Pe'lion, a mountain in Thessaly, celebrated for its " leafy forests." The Giants, in their war against Jupiter, placed Ossa upon the top of Pelion, in order to scale the heavens. Pei'la, a town in Macedonia, the hirthplaca of Alexander the Great. Peloponnesus, the " island of Pelops," who colonized it from Phrygia. Pe'lops, the son of Tantalus, king of Phry- gia. He was murdered by his father, and served up to the gods at a banquet, in order to test their divinity. All the gods turned away in disgust from the horrid repast, without tasting it, with the excep- tion of Ceres, who, being at the time ab- sorbed in melancholy for the loss of her daughter Proserpine, partook of one of the shoulders of Pelops, before she perceived the impious fraud. Pelops was restored to life by Jupiter, and his shoulder, which Ceres had eaten, was replaced hy one of ivory ; and Tantalus was flung into Tar- tarus, and signally punished. See Tan- talus. Pelops came to Greece, and having hecome enamoured of the beautiful Hip- podami'a, the daughter of CEnomaus, king * Parthenon. From partlienos, a virgin ; an epi- thet of .Minerva, as v\ ell as of Diana. CLASSICAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. 377 of Pisa in Elis, he proposed for her in marriage. Her father, however, having been informed by an oracle that he should perish by the hands of his son-in-law, was opposed to her marriage ; and being most skilful in the art of chariot-driving, he devised the following plan of getting rid of her suitors : — He announced that he would give his daughter in marriage to the suitor who could overcome him in a cha- riot race, pi-ovided that the candidate would consent to be put to death in the event of his being defeated by him. Be- fore tho arrival of Pel ops in Greece, thir- teen suitors for the hand of Hippodamia had lost their lives. He, however, having bribed Myrtilus, the charioteer of CEno- maus, by the most tempting promises, to give his master a chariot that would break down in the race, entered the lists as & competitor. The chariot of (Enomaus, as" was exjjected, broke down, and he him- self was killed. Pelops in consequence, married Hippodamia, and became ulti- mately so powerful, that he gave his name to the whole peninsula of Greece, Pelopon- nesus, that is, the island of Pelops. In- stead of keeping his promise to Myrtilus, for the services he had rendered him, he precipitated him un wares into the sea. called after him Mare Myrto'um. Pelo'rus, a promontory of Sicily ; now called Cape Faro. PeDa'tes, small statues of household gods among the Romans. Penel'6pc, the affectionate and faithful wife of Ulysses. Pene'us, a river of Thessaly, on the banks of which Daphne was changed into a laurel. Penthesile'a, a queen of the Amazons, slain by Achilles. Pen'theus, a son of Echion, king of Thebes. He despised the orgies of Bacchus, and during their celebration he was torn in pieces by his mother Agave, and her sisters Ino and Autonoe. See Thebes. Perdic'cas, one of Alexander's generals. Per'gamus, the citadel of Troy. — Also, a city of Mysia, where parchment was first in- vented. Per'ieles, a celebrated Athenian. Peripatet'Ici (the Peripatetics), a sect of philosophers at Athens. Perseph'one, the Greek name of Proserpine. Persey/olis, a celebrated city of Persia. Per'seus, a celebrated hero, son of Jupiter and DanTie, who was shut up by her father Acrisius, in a brazen tower, because he had been informed by an oracle that he should perish by the hands of her son. Iri this tower, according to the fable, Jupiter visited her in the form of a shower of gold. No sooner was Perseus born, than he was, by the orders of Acrisius, enclosed in a chest with his mother, aad thrown into the sea. The benevolent sea- goddesses conducted the chest in safety to Seri'phus, one of the Cyclades, where it was found by Dictys, a fisherman, and brought to Polydectes, the king of the ialand, who received Danae and her son with great kindness, and afforded them shelter. Perseus having grown up, under- took to bring Polydectes the head of Me- dusa, the only one of the Gorgons that was mortal. Polydectes was in hopes that Perseus should, perish in the attempt ; for having conceived a violent passion for Danae, he was anxious to get her son out of the way. Minerva, however, was the chief instigator to this daring and danger- ous undertaking, because Medusa had pro- faned her sanctuary. Perseus, after great trouble, discovered the abode of the Gor- gons ; and having been furnished with the helmet of Pluto, which rendered him in- visible, the winged shoes, and harpe, or crooked sword of Mercury, and the a-gis or shield of Minerva, which reflected every object, he approached the monsters as they lay asleep. The countenances of the Gor- gons had the power of turning into stone every person that looked upon them. But as the aegis of Minerva reflected every object like a mirror, Perseus was enabled to cut off with Mercury's harpe the head of Medusa, without fixing his eyes upon it. The two sisters did not awake till the achievement was performed, and they found it impossible to avenge Medusa's death, because tho helmet of Pluto ren- dered Perseus invisible. From the drops of blood which fell from the head of Me- dusa, sprang the innumerable serpents of Libya ; Chrysaor, the father of Geryon, Echidna, and the Chimaera; and also the winged horse Pegasus, which flew off to Mount Helicon, and became a favorite of the Muses. Perseus having affixed tho head of Medusa to the aegis of Minerva, performed with it a great number of won- derful exploits. He converted Atlas, king of Mauritania, into the mountain of the same name, for refusing him shelter and hospitality when he was benighted; and he delivered Andromeda from the sea- monster to which she was exposed in con- sequence of the vanity of her mother. As the monster was about to devour Andro- meda, Perseus turned him into stone by showing him the head of Medusa. For this service, Cepheus gave his daughter Andromeda in marriage to Perseus ; but the ceremony was inteirupted by Phinens, her father's brother, to whom she had been previously betrothed. A fierce and bloody battle was the consequence, which Perseus at length decided, by converting, with the head of Medusa, his adversaries into stone, each in his particular attitude. Upon his return to Seriphus, he did the same to Polydectes, upon learning that he continued to molest his mother, and placed Dictys on the throne, the fisherman to whom he was originally indebted for his life. He then restored to Minerva her aegis, to Pluto his helmet, and to Mercury his winged sandals and falchion. Ho restored his grandfather Acrisius to his throne, from which he had been expel- led by Prcetus, his twin brother, but un- fortunately some time after, killed him 378 CLASSICAL, AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. accidentally -with the stroke of a quoit. Being depressed by this misfortune, Per- seus refused to return to Argos as heir to the kingdom, but exchanged it with Meg- apenthes, the son of Proems, for that of Tyrinthus, and the maritime coast of Ar- golis. Here he built Mycenae, and reigned several years ; but he never recovered from the melancholy produced in his mind by the slaying of Acrisius. After his death he -was changed into a constellation, with Andromeda, Cepheus, and Cassiopeia. Phae'acia, an island of the Ionian Sea, now Corcyra. The Phccacians, and their king Alcinous, were noted for their luxurious living and idleness. Phse'dra, the daughter of Minos, and wife of Theseus, who, having failed to corrupt by her solicitations her stepson, Hippolytus, accused him, and was tiie cause of his death. Having felt deep remorse for her crime, she confessed it. and hung herself. Pha'eton, a son of Phoebus or Sol, who so- licited his father to let him drive his cha- riot for one day ; but being unable to manage the horses, he set the world on fire, and was hurled by a thunderbolt from Jupiter into the Eridanus or Po. Phaetonti'ades, the sisters of Pliaeton. They were so inconsolable for his death, that Jupiter changed them into poplars, and their tears into amber. Phal'arus, a tyrant of Agrigentum. Phalu ron, a harbour of Athens. Pha'ros, a small island in the Bay of Alex- andria, famous for its watch-tower or light- Phe'neus, a lake in Arcadia, whose waters ware said to be poisonous in the night, but wholesome in the day time. Phidias, a famous Athenian statuary, who made the celebrated statue of Jupiter Olympus. Phile'mon, a Greek comic poet. Phile'tas, a gramn.arian and poet of Cos, who was so small and slender that it was said he always carried pieces of lead in his pockets, to prevent the wind from blowing him away. Philip'pi, a town of Macedonia, famous for two great battles that were fought near it. Philip'pus (Philip), king of Macedon, and father of Alexander the Great. Philocte'tes, one of the Argonauts, and the armour-bearer of Hercules. At his death, Hercules gave him his poisoned arrows, whicli were afterwards declared to be necessary for the capture of Troy. The adventures and sufferings of Philoctetes have been celebrated by Sophocles in one of his tragedies. Philome'ia, a daughter of Pandion, king of Athens, and sister of Procne, the wife of Tereus, king of Thrace. Tereus treated her with the greatest indignities, and then cut out her tongue. To be revenged upon Tereus, Procne murdered her son Itys, and served up his flesh to his father at table. Philomela was changed into a nightingale, Procne into a swallow, Tereus into a hawk, and Itys into a pheasant. Phi'neus, a son of Agenor or Neptune, de- livered by the Argonauts from the perse- secution of the Harpies. See Zetes. Phlegethon, a burning river of hell. Phleg'yas, a king of the Lapithss, and the father of Ixion. He was killed by Apollo, and punished in hell by being placed under a large stone which always seemed about to fall on his head. Phce'be, a name of Diana or Luna. Phcebus, a name of Apollo or Sol. Phor'cys or Phorcus, a sea-deity, the husband of Ceto, by whom he had the Gorgons. Phor'cydes,'the daughters of Fhorcys and Ceto, who had only a single eye and a tooth in common. Phrixus and IT -die, the children of Nephele by Athamas. Athamas having divorced Nephele, on pretence that she was subject to fits of madness, married Ino, by whom he had two children, Learchus and Meli- certa. Ino, jealous of the children of Nephele, because they would ascend the throne, in preference to her own, conspired to kill them. Phrixus, by the advice of his mother, fled with his sister to their re- lation jEetes. king of Colchis, taking with him a large portion of his father's trea- sures. According to the poets, they pro- ceeded through the air on the back of the ram with the Golden Fleece, whieh Nep- tune gave to Nephele. In flying over the sea, Helle's head becoming dizzy, she fell into it, and was drowned ; whence its name, Hellespont, that is, the Sea of Helle. Phrixus arrived safe at Colchis, where he sacrificed the ram on the altar of Jupiter Phrixhis, and gave the fleece to jEetes, who suspended it in the groTe of Mars, where it was guarded by bulls that breathed fire, and a dragon that never slept. See Jason. Pier ides, an epithet of the Muses, from Pieria, a district of Thessaly, where they were born. Pin'darus (Pindar), a celebrated lyric poet of Thebes. Pirae'us or Pirse'eus, a harbour of Athens. Pire'ne, a fountain at Corinth, sacred to the Muses. Pirith'ous, the son of Ixion, and king of the Lapithae. He was the intimate friend of Theseus, and the husband of Hippoda- mia, the daughter of Adrastus. To his marriage with her, the Centaurs as well as the gods were invited ; but Mars, feeling indignant at his name being omitted in the invitation, resolved to disturb the har- mony of the meeting. Eurythion, or Eu- rytion, one of the Centaurs, having grossly insulted Hippodamia, Pirithous, and his friends the Lapithae. (with Theseus, Her- cules, and Nestor,) resented his conduct; and in consequence a combat ensued be- tween them and the Centaurs generally, in which the latter were defeated. Th~ battle of the Centaurs and Lapithse has been much celebrated by the ancient poets and sculptors. See Theseus. Pisis'tratus, an Athenian, famous fcr bis valour, eloquence, and address. CLASSICAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. 379 Plaiae'a, a town of Bceotia, famous for the great battle fought near it between the Persians and the Greeks. Pla'to. a celebrated philosopher of Athens. Plei'ades, a name given to the seven daugh- ters of Atlas, who were changed into a constellation. Plei'one, one of the Oeeanides. Plin'ius (Pliny), a celebrated natural philo- sopher, who perished by approaching Ve- suvius in its first known eruption, A.D. 19. His sister's sun assumed his name, and was also distinguished for his talents, and esteemed for his character. He was called Pliny the younger. Plutarchus (Plutarch), a famous biographer. P'u'to, the god of the infernal regions. See lupiter. The principal event in the life of Pluto was his rape or abduction of Proserpine, for the purpose of making her his queen. All the goddesses had previ- ously refused to marry him, on account of the gloominess of his realms. Having seen Proserpine gathering flowers in the plains of Enna, in Sicily, he became enamoured of her, and carried her off in a chariot drawn by four horses, opening himself a passage through the earth, by striking it with his trident. Ceres immediately com- plained to Jupiter, who promised to re- store her daughter to her, provided that she had tasted nothing in the infernal re- gions. But as it appeared upon inquiry, that she had tasted a pomegranate, it was determined that she should reside six months with Pluto, and six months in heaven, alternately. Pluto is represented seated on a throne, surrounded with gloomy darkness. In his hand is a two-pronged fork, or a key, emblematical of the impos- sibility of returning from his dominions; and his head is wreathed with the flowers of the narcissus, or with funereal cypress. Near him are the Three Furies and the Three Fates. Sometimes he is represented in a. black chariot, drawn by black horses, with a helmet on his head, whh-h had the power of rendering him invisible. Pluto was particularly worshipped at Coronea, in Bceotia, and at Pylos in Mossenia. His victims were generally of a black color, as black sheep. Their blood was not re- ceived in vessels, but permitted to run down into a hole made for the purpose, as if to penetrate his realms. Plu'tus,* the god of wealth. Pollux. See Castor. They accompanied Jason in the Argonautic expedition, in which they distinguished themselves ; and they compelled Theseus and Pirithous to restore their sister Helen, whom they had carried off before her marriage with Mene- laus. At the marriage of LyncsEus and Idas, with the daughters of Leucippus, they became enamoured of the two brides, and carried them off. A contest ensued, in which Lyncacus was killed by Castor, and Castor by Idas. Pollux obtained leave from Jupiter to share his immortality with Plutut. From ploutos, wealth. his brother Castor, and to live and die for a day alternately. The two bright stars in the Gemini, or the constellation into which they were changed, never rise or set to- gether : but when one of them sinks below the horizon, the other is above it ; and vice versa. Hence, perhaps, the fable. Neptune was so much pleased with their brotherly love, that he gave them power to calm the winds and waves; and hence they were worshipped as the protectors of sailors, and persons travelling by sea. They were also called the Dioscuri, that is, the sons of Jupiter. Castor was fa- mous for his skill in horsemanship, and Pollux for the combat of the csestus. Poiyc'rates, a tyrant of Samos. Polyhym'nia, the Muse' that presided oveff singing and rhetoric. Polyni'ces. See Eteocles and CEdipus. Polyphe'mus, the son of Neptune and the sea-nymph Tho'osa, and the chief of the Cyclops. See note (|), page 384. Polyx'ena, a daughter of Priam and Hecuba, whom Achilles would have married, had he not been treacherously slain by Paris in the temple of Apollo. She was sacrificed on his tomb by his sun Pyrrhus, to ap- pease his manes. Pomo'na, the goddess of fruits and gardens. Pompe'ii. See Herculaneum. Pon'tus, a kingdom of Asia Minor. Pon'tus Euxi'nus, now the Black Sea. Portum'nus, a sea-deity who presided over ports or harbours. See Melicerta. Posi'don, the Greek name of Neptune. Pri'amus I Priam), the last king of Troy. Pria'pus, the god of fecundity among the Romans. He presided over gardens. Procne or Progne. See Philomela. Pro'cris, the wife of Cephalus, accidentally killed by his unerring dart. Procrus'tes,* a cruel robber of Attica, who used to lop off the limbs of his victims, if found too long for " his bed," and stretch them if found too short. See Theseus. Prome'theus, the son of Japetus, and bro- ther of Epimetheus and Atlas. He form- ed a man of clay, and animated him with fire, which, with the assistance of Minerva, he stole from heaven. For this daring impiety, Jupiter chained him to a rock on Mount Caucasus, and sent a vulture to prey perpetually upon his liver, which always grew again as soon as it was de- voured. From this torment he was de- livered by Hercules, who, when on his way to the garden of the Hesperides, shot the vulture, and released him from his bonds. Prometheus w r as venerated as the inventor of many useful arts, as the work- ing of metals, , one of the Graces. Thebrc (Thebes), two celebrated cities, oiie in Egypt, and the other in Bceotia. The former was distinguished by the epithet " hundred-gated," and the latter was call- ed the " seven-gated" Thebes. When Europa was carried off by Jupiter, her brother Cadmus was sent in search of her, and charged not to return without her. He came to Greece - , and having consult- ed the Delphic oracle, he was directed to build a city where he should see a heifer grazing. Having found the heifer, he sent his companions to fetch water from a well sacred to Mars, preparatory to a sacrifice ; hut they were all killed by a dragon that guarded the well. By the aid of Minerva Cadmus killed the dragon; and having, by the advice of the goddess, sowed the teeth of the monster in the earth, a crop of armed men suddenly sprang up, and furiously attacked each other. They all fell by mutual slaughter, except five. These, particularly Echion, to whom Cad- mus afterwards gave his daughter Agave in marriage, assisted him in the building of the city. The war against Thebes was the first instance of a league among the Grecian states. It was occasioned in con- sequence of a contest between EteOcles and Polyni'ces for the throne of Thebes. Upon the death of their father, they had agreed to share the throne between them, and to act as king, each for a year alter- nately ; but on the expiration of the first year, Eteoclcs refused to give up the crown to his younger brother, according to agree- ment. Upon this, Polyniees retired to Argos ; and having married Argia, the daughter of king Adrastus, he was en- abled by him to raise an army against his brother. In addition to Polyniees and Adrastus, five other chiefs joined in the ex- pedition ; namely, Tydeus, Amphiaraus, Parthenopssus, Capaneus, and Hippomc- don. Hence this has been called the war of (Scptem contra Thebes*) "the Seven * This is the title or yEsebylus' tragedy on this subject. The A uUgone of S> phoeles, the PhcemsscB of Euripides, and the Thcbaul of Statius, are ou the same subject. against Thebes." The brothers killed each other, and all the confederate chiefs were slain, except Adrastus, who owed his escape to the fleetness of his horse. Their sons, however, or, as they were called, the Epigoni or " descendants," renewed the war ten years after, which terminated in the capture and destruction of Thebes. Thebes, from its connexion with Cadmus and his ill-fated posterity,* has been the principal theatre of tragic events. Sec CEdipus. Them'is, the goddess of justice. Themis'tocles,acelebrated Athenian general. Thersi'tes, a low, vituperative Greek at the siege of Troy. The'seus, a celebrated Grecian hero, resem- bling Hercules in his character and achieve- ments. He was the son of M gens, king of Attica, and Mihra., daughter of Pittheus, king of Troezen (in Argolis). Theseus was born at Troezen : and vEgeus, who wished to conceal his birth from his nephews, the Pallantides, who expected to succeed to the throne of Athens, directed that he should remain there till he grew up, and that he should then be sent to Athens, girt with a particular sword, in order that he might be able to recognise him. In his way from Troezen to Athens, Theseus slew several notorious and cruel robbers ; such as Procrustes, Sciron, and Cercyon. Procrtistes used to lop oil' the limbs of his victims, if found too long for "his bed," and stretch them out to the length of it, if found too short. Sciron, after robbing travellers, used to throw them headlong from the highest rocks ; and Cercyon was in the habit of compelling strangers to wrestle with him, and of putting to death those whom he defeated. Theseus also slew several wild beasts which infested the country. He was well received at Athens, except by Medea, who, having been divorced from Jason, was then living with yEgeus. Jealous of his fame, and apprehensive of his power, she attempted to poison him at a banquet prepared for his entertainment. But ^Egeus having recog- nised the sword which, ho wore, was con- vinced that he was his son ; and Medea being frustrated in her design, mounted her flying chariot, and flew off through the air to Colchis. The Athenians were rejoiced to find that the benefactor of the state was the son of their king; but the Pallantides having conspired against the life of the prince, were put to death by him in re- turn. Theseus then attacked the famous bull of Marathon, whioh he took aiive, and sacrificed to Minerva, or the god of Delphi. He also slew Creon,t king 01 * By ITermione or Hannonia, Cadmus had one son, Polydorus, and four daughters, Ino, Agave, An- tonoe, and Semele. Polydorus was the grandfather of Laius, the father of GEdipus. Ino was the mother of I.earchus and Melicerta; Agave, of Pentheus; Antonoe, of Actxon ; and Semele, of Bacchus. t Creon. After the death of Kteocles and Poly- niees, Creon, the brother of Jocasta.sureeeded to the throne of Thebes. See Antigone and Thebes. CLASSICAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. 383 Thebes, for refusing to bury the Argives who had fallen in the war. His next great exploit was his freeing the country from the cruel tribute imposed upon it by Minos, king of Crete, because his son An- drogeos had been assassinated at the in- stigation of iEgeus, through jealousy of his skill in wrestling, which he had dis- played by defeating, at an Athenian fes- tival, every competitor that engaged with him. Minos having conquered tho Athe- nians, granted peace, only on the condition that seven youths, and seven virgins should be annually sent to Crete, to be devoured by the Minotaur. Among these youths, Theseus went to Crete, and having suc- ceeded in slaying the Minotaur, he escap- ed from the Labyrinth by means of a clue of thread with which Ariadne, the daugh- ter of Minos, had supplied him. Ariadne had fallen in love with Theseus, and she fled with him from Crete, but was desert- ed by him in the island of Naxos. The- seus had promised to put up white sails in the event of his success, which he for- got to do till too late ; for his father, upon descrying from the promontory of Sunium, tho vessel returning with black sails, con- cluded that his son had perished, and flung himself into the sea, which, from this circumstance, was called the JEgean Sea. Upon the death of his father, The- seus ascended the throne of Athens B.C. 1234: and the improvements which he effected in the government and condition of Attica, belong to the department of authentic history. The other exploits in which Theseus took a part, are largely blended with fable ; as the Argonautic expedition ; the battle of the Centaurs and Lapithas ; the carrying off Helen, in con- junction with his friend PirithSus, and his descent with him into the infernal regions, for the purpose of carrying off Proserpine. For this criminal attempt Theseus was tied to a huge stone, and Pirithous to the re- volving wheel of his father, Ixion. From these punishments Hercules relieved them when he carried off Cerberus. Theseus is generally represented with a lion's skin and club, like Hercules ; and his temple at Athens served as an asylum for slaves flying from the cruelty of their masters. Thes'pis, the first tragic poet of Athens. Thrasybu'lus, a celebrated Athenian general. Thucydldes, a celebrated Greek historian. Thu'le, an island in the German Ocean, so remote that the ancients called it " Ul- tima Thule." (Supposed to be Iceland, or one of the Orkney or Shetland Isles.) Tire'sias, a celebrated Theban prophet. Tisiph'one, one of the Furies. Tita'nes (the Titans), the sons of Uranus and Gsea ; whence they were called " earth- born." There were six Titans; namely, Oceanus, Cceus, Crius, Hyperion, Japetus, and Cronos or Saturn ; and six Titan'i- des ; namely, Thia, the wife of Hyperion, Rhea, Themis, Mnemosyne, Phoebe the wife of Cceus, and Tethys tho wife of Oco- anus. See Jupiter. Titho'nus, a son of Laomedon, king of Troy, who was beloved by Aurora. He obtained immortality from the goddess ; but as he forgot to ask for a renewal of his youth and vigour, his life became a burden to him. He was changed into a grasshopper. Tit'yus, one of the Giants, who, because he insulted Latona, was slain by the arrows of her children, Apollo and Diana. He was placed in the infernal regions, where his body covered nine acres of ground, and vultures constantly kept gnawing at his liver, which always grew again as soon as it was devoured. Trachoni'tis, a district of Judea. Trina'eria, an ancient name of Sicily, from its " three promontories." Triptol'emus, a son of Celeus, king of Attica. Ceres taught him the art of agriculti?re, and sent him in her chnriot, to communi- cate it to the whole earth. Trismegistus ("thrice greatest"), an epithet of the Egyptian Hermes or Mercury. Tri'ton, a son of Neptune. See Neptune. Trium'viri, three absolute magistrates at Rome. Tro'ilus, a son of Priam, slain by Achilles. Troja (Troy), a celebrated city, the capital of Troas, a country of Pln-ygia, in Asia Minor. The siege of Troy, "which lasted ten years, is the subject of Homer's cele- brated poem, the Iliad. It was under- taken by the princes of Greece, under Ag- amemnon, to recover Helen, whom Paris, a son of Priam, had carried off from the house of her husband Menelaus. Tropho'nius, a Boeotian prophet, who deliv- ered his oracles in a cave, into which who- ever descended, came back grave and melancholy. Hence, it was said of melan- choly persons, that they had been in the cave of Trophonius. Tros, a king of Troy. See Ilus. Ty'deus, a son of GEneus, king of Calydon, and the father of Diomedes. Tydeus join- ed in the Argonautic expedition, the hunting of the Calydonian boar, and in the war of the " Seven against Thebes." Tyn'darus, the reputed father of Castor and Pollux, who were thence called Tyndar- idse. See Helen. Typho'eus or Typhon. See Enceladus. U. Ucal'egon, a Trojan, whose house was first set on fire by the Greeks, when they cap- tured the city. Ulys'ses, the son of Laertes, king of Ithaca and Dulichium. His enemies, however, said that he was the son of the crafty Sisy- phus ; and several acts of his life gave countenance to the statement. Ulysses waa distinguished in the Trojan war, more by his inventive genius, prudent counsels, and successful stratagems, than by valorous deeds, or heroic conduct. His ten years wandering, after the destruction of Troy, the adventures he met with, and the perils he encountered, are described by Homer, in his poom called the Odyssey. 884 CLASSICAL AND MYTHOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. U'ranus, the same as Ccelus, the most an- cient of all the gods, and the husband of Gaea or Tellus.* Their children were the Titans, the Titanids, the Giants, and the Cyclops, Brontes, SterOpes, and Arges or Pyracmon.f V. Vacu'na, the goddess of leisure. Venus, the goddess of love and beauty. She was the daughter of Jupiter and the nymph Dione, according to Homer; but another fiction states that she was born of the froth of the sea, and hence she was called Aphro- dite. Her contest with Juno and Minerva was a remarkable event in her life, and most important in its consequences. The goddess of discord feeling indignant at not being invited to the marriage of Peleus and Thetis, threw into the assemhly of the gods and goddesses, a golden apple, hav- ing the words " Let it be given to the fair- est," inscribed upon it. The gods being unwilling to interfere in so delicate a mat- ter, referred the claimants to Paris for his decision, who was then a shepherd on Mount Ida. He was besieged with en- treaties and promises. Juno promised him a kingdom, Minerva, military Ziory, and Venus, that he should be the husband of the most beautiful woman in the world. The judgment of Paris was in favor of Venus, and the prize was accordingly awarded to her. Hence the unquenchable hatred of Juno against Paris and the Tro- jans, the abduction of Helen, and the ruin of Troy. The worship of Venus was al- most universal. At Cnidus, in Caria, she had a celebrated statue made by Praxite- les ; and at Cos there was a celebrated painting of her by Apelles, in which she was represented as emerging from the bosom of the sea. She was specially wor- shipped in Cyprus, Corinth, and Cythe'ra. She is frequently represented as dancing with the three Graces, and the nymphs. Sometimes she rides in a chariot drawn by swans, attended by winged Cupids, adorn- ed with quivers. The dove, the rose, and the myrtle, were considered sacred to her. See Vulcan. Vortum'nus, the god that presided over the spring and orchards. Vesta, a daughter of Saturn and Rhea or Ops, and the goddess of domestic life, to whom the heurthi. was sacred. Numa * Uranus. This term is another form of ouranos, heaven; and Gcea means the earth. t Cyclojjs. These Cyclops were the assistants of Vulcan, and are to he distinguished from the canni- bals of the same name, mentioned by Homer, of whom Polyphemus was the chief $ Vesta." from the Greek hestia a hearth. raised a tempie to Vesta, and instituted the order of Festal virgins, whose chief duty was to take charge of the sacred fire which was ever kept burning on her altar. Vesta is usually represented in the long flowing robe of the Roman matron, her veil thrown over her head, and a flambeau in her hand. Virgil'ius (Virgil), the great Roman poet. Virgin 'ia. See Appius Claudius. Vulca'nus (Vulcan), the god of fire, and the husband of Venus. According to Homer, he was the son of Jupiter and Juno ; but Hesiod states that he was the son of Juno alone. Jupiter kicked him out of heaven, either from being disgusted with his de- formity, or because he took the part of his mother Juno against him. He fell in the island of Lemnos, where he established his forge. He is also represented as re- siding in the Lipari islands, and in a cave under Mount /Etna. For having made the thunderbolts with which Jupiter laid prostrate the Giants when they attempted to scale the heavens, Venus was given to him in marriage. In forging the thunder- bolts, &c, he was assisted by the Cyclops, Steropes, Arges, and Brontes. As Vul- can was the god of fire, he presided over all the arts connected with the working of metals ; and of all works formed of gold, silver, or brass, which displayed peculiar skill and ingenuity, he was said to be the fabricator. Thus, by him were made the shield and armour of Achilles andiEneas, the sceptre of Agamemnon, the golden collar given to Hermione, the golden dogs which watched the house of Alcindus, and the urn which received the ashes of Achilles. Vulcan is usually represented at his forge. With one hand he poises his hammer in the air, and with the other he turns a thunderbolt on the anvil. Xan'thus, a river of Troas. See Scamander. Xantip'pe, the wife of the philosopher So- crates, a notorious scold. Ze'no. See Stoici. Zeph'yros (the zephyr), the west wind. Zetes and Calais, the sons of Orithyia and Boreas. They joined in the Argonautic expedition, and drove the Harpies from Thrace. See Strophades. Zethus, the twin brother of Amphion. Zeus, the Greek name of Jupiter. Zo'ilus, a critic who found fault with the poems of Homer. Zoroas'ter. See Magi. APPENDIX, CONTAINING ADDITIONAL WORDS AND PHRASES AND ALSO, A GEOGRAPHICAL PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. As it is intended that this Dictionary shall contain every authorized word in the English language, care will he taken to insert in the next, and succeeding editions, any omissions that may be discovered; and also, all new words and phrases which the extension of knowledge and the intercourse of nations may render necessary. It is not to he ex- pected, however, that this little work either should or could contain every word in the language; nor is this the case even in our largest dictionaries. Generally speaking, the words which will not be found in it may be classed under the following heads: — 1. Obsolete words; 2. Technical and scientific terms ; 3. Words not in good use, or not sufficiently autho- rized; 4. Provincial or local terms, and colloquial expressions; 5. Words obviously compounded of other words, or formed by the addition of Pre- fixes and Affixes; 6. The mere inflections of other words, as the plural of nouns, the persons and tenses of verbs, and the degrees of adjectives. In every case, however, in which it has been considered necessary or useful, words from each of the above classes have been inserted, either in the body of the work or in the Appendix. As Prefixes and Affixes enter largely into the composition of English words, they have been fully explained in the Introduction to this Dictionary (page xlviii) ; and as they are arranged in alphabetical order, they can be easily referred to when information is required. The Inflections or changes to which English words are subject should also be known ; and as they are very few, and very simple, this can be easily done. We shall give the regular inflections here ; and the exceptions, which are not numerous, will be noted either in the Diction- ary or in the Appendix. 1 . Nouns or substantives become plural by the addition of s to their singular form ; as book, books ; bookseller, booksellers. 2. The degrees of adjectives are formed by adding to the original word er for the comparative, and est for the superlative; as great, greater, greatest. 3. English verbs have but two tenses — the present and the past; and the latter is formed from the former by the addition of ed, as / learn, I learned; and the only changes in the persons are the following: — In the present tense the second person singular is formed by the addition of est, and the third person by s or eth ; as 1 learn, thou learnest, he learns or learneth. And in the past tense all the persons, in both numbers, are alike, except the second person singular, which takes st in addition to d; as / learned, thou learnedst. 386 APPENDIX. 4. The participles of verbs are formed by adding ing for the present, and ed for the past or perfect ; as from learn are formed learning, and learned. The above constitute the regular inflections or variations of English words ; and as they are the same in all words of the same class, their insertion in a dictionary is unnecessary. But in affixing them to the original or radical word to which they belong, mistakes may be made even by persons of good education unless they know — 1. In what cases the final e of the original or radical word shoiild be cut off or omitted ; 2. In what cases the final y should be changed into i; 3. In what cases the final consonant should be doubled. Under the head of "Practical Eules for Spelling," page xxxviil, all these cases are enumerated ; and to obviate every difficulty, we shall subjoin a complete list of the words which double their final consonant when they take an affix or termination beginning with a vowel. We shall also give here a list of the affixes or terminations, before which the final e of the original or radical word should be cut off or omitted. -able. -al. -ed. -ery. -eth. -ish. -ous. -acy. -ard. -en. -ess. -ible. -ity, -ure. -age. -al. -ard. -ary. These affixes or terminations include — 1. The inflections or endings of verbs, est, eth, and ed; 2. The participial terminations, big and ed; 3. The comparative and superlative forms of adjectives, er and est ; 4. Large classes of words derived or formed from other words. Thus, for example, if the affix er be added to almost any verb, a noun is formed which denotes the agent or doer ; as from read is formed reader ; from write, writer; from sin, sinner; and from begin, beginner. In the first example, the general rule takes place, and in the three others the excep- tions. Nouns ending in ing formed from verbs are subject to the same ules ; as reading, writing, sinning, beginning. We shall add a few more examples in illustration of the rules and the exceptions, and conclude by referring the learner to page xxxviii for full information on the subject : — From drink is formed drinkable ; from palate, palatable ; from conspire, conspiracy ; from supreme, supremacy ; from band, bandage ; from bag, baggage ; from dote, dotage ; from arrive, arrival ; from commit, committal ; from drunk, drunkard ; from slug, slug- gard ; from brag, braggart ; from walk, "walked ; from love, loved ; from beg, begged ; from sweet, sweeten; from glad, gladden ; from grand, grander; from big, bigger; Jrom large, larger ; from rook, rookery: from bake, bakery; from whig, whiggery ; from poet, poetess; from prince, princess ; from read, readest ; from write, writest ; from run, runnest ; from read, readeth ; from write, writetb ; from run, runneth ; from sense, sensible ; from walk, walking ; from love, loving; from run, running ; from black, blackish ; from white, whitish ; from blue, bluish ; from pure, purity ; from desire, desirous ; from expose, ex- posure ; from fertile, fertilize; from sand, sandy ; from stone, stony ; from mud, muddy. The words which . DOUBLE the FINAL consonant on taking an affi; termini ition beginning with a vo?rel: — Abet. Befit. Bog. Clog. Cram. Din. Drug. Abhor. Beg. Brag. Clot. Crib. Dip. Drum. Abut. Begin. Brim. Club. Crop. Disannul. Dub. Acquit. Admit. Beset. Bud . Cog. Cup. Disinter. Dun. Besmut. Cabal. Commit. Curvet. Dispel. Embar. Allot. Bestir. Cap. Compel. Cut. Distil. Embed. Annul. Bib. Chap. Con. Dab. Dog. Emit. Appal. Bid. Char. Concur. Dam. Don. Enrol. Big. Chat. Confer. Debar. Dot. Enthral. Bag. Bar. Bit. Chip. Control. Defer. Drag. Entrap, Blab. Chop. Coquet. Demur. Dram. Equip. Bed. Blot. Clan. Counterplot. Deter. Drip. Excel. Bedim. Blur. Clap. Crab. Die. Drop. Expel. Bedrop. Bob. Clip- Crag. Dim. Drub. Extol. ADDITIONAL WORDS AND PHRASES. 387 Fag. Handsel. Let. Pod. Scrag. Spin- Tip. Fan. Hap. Lip. Pop. Scrub. Spit. Top. Fat. Hat. Lob. Pot. Scud. Split. Transfer. Fib. Hem. Log. Prefer. Scum. Spot. Transmit Fin. Hip. Lot. Prig. Set. Sprig. Trap. Fit. Hit. Lug. Prim. Sham, Sprit. Trepan. Flag. Hop. Mad. Prop. Shed. Spur. Trig. Flam. Hot. Man. Propel. Ship. Squal. Trim. Flap. Hug. Manumit. Pun. Shop. Squat. Trip. Flat. Hum. Map, Put. Shog. Stab. Trot. Flit. Hyp. Mar. Quit. Shred. Star. Tug. Flog. Immit. Mat. Rag. Shrub. Stem. Tun. Fob. Impel. Mob. Ram. Shrug. Step. Twin. Fog. Incur. Mop. Rap. Shun. Stir. Twit. Forbid. Infer. Mud. Rat. Shut. Stop. Unbar. Forestal. Instal. Nab. Rebel. Sin. Strap. Unfit. Forget. Instil. Nap. Rebut. Sip. Strip. Unman. Fret. Inter. Net. Recur. Sit. Strum. Unpeg. Friz. Intermit. Nib. Red. Skim. Strut. Unpin. Fub. Inthral. Nip. Refer. Skin. Stub. Unship. Fulfil. Intromit. Nod. Refit. Skip. Stud. Unwit Fun. Jag. Nut. Regret. Skit. Stum. Up. Fur. Jam. Occur. Relet. Slam. Stun. Upset Gab. Japan. Omit. Remit. Slap. Submit. Van. Gad. Jar. Outwit. Repel. Slip. Sum. Wad. Gag. Jet. Pad. Rib. Slit. Sun. Wag. Gem. Jib. Pan. Rid. Slop. Sup. War. Get. Jig. Pat. Rig. Slur. Swab. Web. Gig. Job. Patrol. Rip. Slut. Swag. Wed. Gin. Jog. Peg. Rob. Smit Swap. Wet. Glad. Jot. Pen. Rod. Smug. Swig. Whet Glut. Jug. Permit. Rot. Smut. Swim. Whig. Gnar. Jut. Pet. Rub. Snap. Swop. Whip. Grim. Ken. Pig. Rug. Snip. Tag. Whir. Grin. Kid. Pin. Run. Snub. Tan. Whiz. Grip. Knab. Pip. Rut. Snug. Tap. Wig. Grit. Knap. Pit. Sad. Sob. Tar. Win. Grog. Knit. Plan. Sap. Sod. Ted. Wit. Grub. Knot. Plat. Scab. Sop. Thin. Wot. Gum. Lag. Plod. Scan. Sot. ThTob. Wrap. Gun. Lap. Plot. Scar. Span. Thrum. Writ. Gut. Leg. Plug. Scot. Spar. Tin. Zigzag. ADDITIONAL WORDS AND PHRASES. Abattoir, [Fr.] a public slaughter-house. Ab'ovo, [Lat] from the egg. Ab'be, [Fr.] an abbot; an ecclesiastical title, Abnega'tion, s. denial, renunciation. Abnor'mal, a. contrary to rule, irregular. Abode, p. t. and p. p. of Abide. Abominate, v. to abhor, to detest Abreuvoir, [Fr.] a publie watering-place for horses. Abstracted, £>. and a. taken or separated from ; absent in mind. Acclimatize, v. to inure plants and ani- mals to a climate different from that which is natural to them. Accordion, s. a small musical instrument in which the sounds are produced by bellows acting on metallic reeds. Accres'cent, a. growing to, increasing. Accre'tion, s. a growing to, increase. Accre'tive, a. increasing by growth. Accuba'tion, s. a lying or reclining on a couch, as the ancients at their meals. Accum'bency, s. state of being accmn- bent. Accum'bent, a. leaning or reclining. Acerlc, a. pertaining to, or obtained from the \acer\ maple tree. Acidity, s. quality of being acid ; sourness. Acidify, v to convert into an acid. A"cidness, s. acidity, sourness. Acotyled'onous, a. having no seed-lobes. Actinia, s. a kind of polypi called sea anemones or animal flowers. Addict'ed, p. p. devoted to ; given up to; generally in a bad sense. S2 ADE 383 ATE Ad'eling, a. royal,, noble. This term was applied by the Anglo-Saxons to the children of kings and princes. It is from the Saxon cedel or cefhel, illus- trious and ling, young, as in fowndling. Hence Edward Atheling, Ethelvrolf, Mhelbald, &c. Ad hom'inem, [Lat.] to the man, an ar- gument to the interests or prejudices of the person addressed. Adhort'atory, a. giving advice. Ad'ipose, Ad'ipous, a. fat, fatty. Adjuvant, a. helping, assisting. Admeas'ure, v. to adjust, to apportion. Adulterant, s. that which adulterates. Advi'sedness, s. deliberation, prudence. Advi'sory, a. giving advice, counselling. Advocation, s. a pleading for; a plea. A'er, [Lat.] the air. Aerie, [e'ry]. See Eyry. A'erified, p. and a. having air infused into or combined with. A'erifbrm, a. having the form or nature of air, gaseOus. A'erify, to make aerified. iEsthet'ics, s.the science which cultivates the taste for all that is beautiful in nature or art. It is derived from a Greek word which implies endued with sensi- bility, having quick perceptions. Hence .ZEsthetic, JEsthetical,andiEsthetically. Affiche, [af-feesh', Fr.] a placard. Affiliate, v. to adopt or receive into a family as a son ; to receive into a so- ciety as a member. Afire, ad. on fire, burning. Afo rethought, a. prepense or premedi- tated ; as " malice aforethought." Aft'erall, ad. at last, upon the whole. A'ga, s. a Turkish title of honour, gene- rally given to military chiefs. Ag'apse, [Gr.] love feasts or feasts of cha- rity customary among the primitive Christians. Aigrette, [Fr.] a tuft of feathers. Air-borne, a. borne in, or by the air. A l'Anglaise,[a-lang-glayz',Fi-.] after the English fashion or manner. A la Francaise. [a-la-fran-sayz',Fr.] after the French fashion or manner. Aldine Editions. A term properly ap- plied to those editions, chiefly of the classics, which proceededfrom the press j of Aldus Manutius of Venice, in the 16th century. Al'gous, a. pertaining to sea-weed.. Allop'athy. See Homeopathy, p. 395. Amar'itude, s. bitterness. Am'ative, given to love, amatory. Am'bry, s. a contraction of Almonry. Ambs'-ace, s. a double ace or two aces. Am'bulance, s. amoving or camp hospital. Am'bulant, a. walking or moving about. Ambulation, s. the act of walking about. Ami'cus Curiae, [Lat.] a friend of the court ; a stander by who informs the judge when doubtful or mistaken in matter of law. Amort'ise, v. to alienate lands. Amphibol'ogy, s. discourse of uncertain meaning; ambiguity or equivocation, Am'phibrac, s. a poetical foot [v - v}. Ana'nas, s. the pine-apple plant; the pine-apple fruit. Angulos'ity, s. the state of being angular. An'hnus, [Lat.] the mind ; the spirit or intention. An'tiphon, Antiph'ony, s. the chant or al- ternate singing in choirs of cathedrals. Antiscii, in Geography, the inhabitants of the earth, living in different sides of the equator, whose shadows at noon are cast in opposite directions. See Ascii. Anti-scrip'tural,a.notin accordance with scripture, unscriptural. An'thracite, s. a kind of mineral coal which, as it contains little or no bitumen, burns without flame. Append'ance, s. something appended or annexed. Arach'noid, a. like a spider's web. Archasol'ogy. See page xliii. Arch'aism, s. an ancient or obsolete phrase Archimede'an Screw, s. a machine for raising water, invented by Archimedes, and consisting of a tube rolled in a spi* ral form round a cylinder. Aris'en, the past participle of Arise. Arose, the past tense of Arise. Artesian Well, s. a kind of fountain first made in Artois, in France. The process is to perforate with a small bore till water is reached, which will then, from internal pressure, flow up sponta- neously like a fountain. Ar'undelMarbles, ancient stones.contain- ing a chronological detail of the prin- cipal events of Grecian history, parti- cularly of Athens, from 15S2 to 353 T B.C. They were purchased by the Earl of Arundel, in 1624, and presented to the University of Oxford. Their authenticity has been questioned. Arundina'ceous, a. reedy ; full of reeds. Asphyxy, s. without pulse ; a suspension of respiration from drowning or suffo- cation. Assignats, [as-sing-yas. Fr.] a French paper money during the Revolution. Astrict', v. to bind, to contract by binding. Astrict'ory, a. binding, astringent. Asyn'deton, s. in Grammar, a figure which omits the conjunctions or connecting words ; as, "I came, I saw, I con-, quered." Ate, the past tense of Eat. ATH 389 BOU Athenae'um, s, a club or place of literary- resort. See page 361. Atrium, [Lat.] a hall or court. Attache', [at-tah-shay, Fr.] a person at- tached to another as a part of Ms suite ; particularly one who forms part of the suite of an ambassador. At'tar of Roses, a highly fragrant concrete oil obtained in India from the petals of roses. It is also called Ottar, and sometimes Otto of Roses. Atten'uant, a. making thin: s. a diluent. At'ticism, s. an Attic idiom or expression. Au fait, [o-fay, Fr.] skilful, expert. Auge'an. See Augeas, page 361. Augment'able, a. capable of augmenta- tion or increase. Au'topsy, s. ocular view or examination. AvaiTableness, s. the power of being made available ; validity or legal force. A Vinculo Matrimo''nii, [Lat.] from the bond of matrimony, a divorce. Awn, s. the beard of corn or grass. Awoke, the p. t. of Awake. Bac'cated, a. having berries. Bacchant', [Fr.] a bacchanal, a reveller. Bacchante, [bak-kanf, Fr.] a female bac- chanal, or priestess of Bacchus. Baccif erous, a. producing berries. Back'stairs, s. the private stairs in a house ; private or indirect influence. Bade or Bid, the p. t. of Bid. Bar lie, s. a civic magistrate in Scotland; an alderman. Baken, the old form of the_p. p. of Bake. Bail'ment, s. delivery of goods on trust. Bair'am, the name given to two Moham- medan festivals, in commemoration of Abraham's faith and obedience. Ba'kery, s. a bake-house; the trade or business of a baker. Baken or Baked, the^. p. of Bake. Balk, s. a ridge between furrows ; a large beam or rafter. Ban'co, [It] a bench-; a bank. Ban'lieu, [Fr.] the suburbs or environs of a town. Ban'neroL s. a little flag or streamer. Banquette, [banket', Fr.] in Fortification, a small bank at the foot of a parapet. Bar'carolle, s, a Venetian boat song. Barium, «. the metallic base of barytes. Bas Bleu, [bah blew, Fr.] a blue-stocking, a literary lady. Bat'ta, s. an allowance made to the Officers in the East India Company's service, in addition to their pay. Battue, [bat'oo, Fr.] a beating up for game ; the game beaten up. Beaconage, s. a charge for the use and maintenance of buoys, light-houses, or other beacons. Bears and Bulls. Stock-jobbers who sell stock which they are not possessed of are called bears, perhaps in allusion to the proverb of selling the skin before the bear is caught ; and those who buy .Stock without intending to receive it are called bulls, with reference, per- haps, to the term bear. The contract is merely a wager to be determined by the price of the stocks on a speci- fied day, the loser paying the differ- ence. Hence it is the interest of the bears to depress, and of the bulls to raise the funds, till the settling day arrives. The practice originated in the South Sea Stock Transactions, in 1720. Beat'en, the p. p. of Beat. Beca'me, the p. t. of Become. Be'del, another form of Beadle. Bed'ouins, s.nomadic or wanderingArabs. Began'-, the p. t. of Begin. Be'gum, s. a Hindoo or Indian princess. Begun, the p. p. of Begin. Beheld', lae p. t. &ndp.p. of Behold. Bel'tane, May-day, and the traditional Celtic customs attached to it. Bel'vedere, s. a pavilion or small erection at the top of a house, or in a garden, commanding ajine vieiv. Bent or Bended, p. t. and p. p. of Bend. Bare, s. a species of Barley. Besot'ted, p. and a. See Besot. Besought',^?, t. and p. p. of Beseech. Eiba'ceous, a. addicted to drinking ; imbibing, thirsty. Biceph'alous, a. having two heads. 1'id'den or Bid, p. p. of Bid. Bima'nous, a. having two hands. Bipe'daL a. having two feet. Bit, the p. t. of Bite. Bit'ten or Bit, the p. p. of Bite. Bled, the p. t. and p. p. of Bleed. Blew, the p. t. of Blow. Blest, a contraction of Blessed. Block-house, s. a fortress or building to block up or obstruct a passage into a harbour. Blond Lace, s. lace made of silk. Blonde, s. a very fair complexioned woman, with light hair, and light blue eyes. Blos'somy, a. full of blossoms. Blouse, s. a sort of loose frock-coat. Blown, the past participle of Blow. Blus'terous, a. noisy, tumultuous. Book-muslin, s. a very fine muslin fabric. Bore, Bare, the p. t. of Bear. Born, the p. p. of Bear (to bring forth). Borne, the p. p. of Bear (to carry). Bougie, [Fr.] a wax taper; a surgical instrument. Bouilli, [bool'ye, Fr.] meat stewed with vegetables. BOU 390 CLA Boulevard, [Fr.] originally a bulwark or rampart round a fortified town ; now applied to the streets or public walks occupying the site of fortifi- cations now demolished. Bound, the p. t. and p. p. of Bind. Bourse, [Fr.] the exchange. BoVine, a. appertaining to oxen. Bouts-rimes, [boo-re-may,Fi\] words that rhyme given to be formed into verse. Bowie knife, s. a long knife used by hunters, &c. Boy'ar, in Moldavia and "VVallachia, a nobleman or grandee. Bran'ny, a. consisting of bran, husky. Bred, the p. t. and p. p. of Breed. Bro'chure, [Fr.] s. a pamphlet. Broke, the p. t. of Break. Broken, the p. p. of Break. Brought, p. t. and p. p. of Bring. Buc'cal, a. pertaining to the cheek. Buc'cinal, a. trumpet-shaped. Buck'wheat, s. a coarse kind of grain which resembles buckm&st, or the fruit of the 6eec/j-tree. Bude Light, an intense flame, produced by the union of carburetted hydrogen and oxygen gases ; so named from having been invented by Mr. Gurney, of Bude, in Cornwall. Buhl, [bool], s. furniture beautifully in- laid with tortoise-shell, mother of pearl, and ornamented woods. Built, the p. t. and p. p. of Build. Bun'galow, s. a country house or cottage- erected by Europeans in India, and constructed of wood, bamboo, mats, and thatch. Bun'nion, s. a kind of corn or excres- cence on the great toe. Cab'aline, a. pertaining to the horse. Cach'exy, s. a bad habit of body. Cactus, s. a genus of plants. Cafe', [kaffy, Fr.] a coffee-house. Caffeine, s. a bitter crystallizable sub- stance, obtained from coffee. Cairngorm, s. a variety of topaz or rock crystal, obtained from a moun- tain in Perthshire. Calk'in, s. a calk or sharp point in a horse's shoe, to prevent slipping. Camellia, s. a genus of beautifully flow- ering evergreen shrubs, natives of China and Japan; but now exten- sively cultivated in hot-houses in this country. They were introduced by a Jesuit called Cornelius, or Kamel. Cam'erated, a. arched, vaulted. Camaril'la, s. a court party, exercising secret or underhand influence over the sovereigns ; from the Spanish word for a small chamber, or closet. Car'iole, [Fr.] a small open carriage. Car'tulary, s. a register, a record. Car'uncle, s. a small fleshy excrescence. Caryatides. See Caryatis, p. 363. Cas'ern, s. sheds or lodgings for soldiers in garrison towns. Cas'simere. See Kerseymere, p. 153. Catafal'co, s. a temporary tomb or ceno- taph, used in funeral processions. Catamaran', s, a kind of floating raft used in the East for fishing and landing goods ; a large flat-bottomed boat. Ca'tercousin, s. a fourth cousin; but originally said in ridicule of persons claiming relationship upon very re- mote degrees. Casus Belli, [Lat.] a case of war. Caught, the p. t. and p. p. of Catch. Celestine, s. the sulphate of strontia. Centime [santeem', Fr.] the hundredth part of a franc ; a hundredth part of any thing. Ceru'men, [Lat.] the wax of the ear. Cest'us, s. the embroidered girdle of Venus ; a marriage girdle. Chegre, Chigo, s. a tropical insect that enters the skin of the feet, and multi- plies incredibly, causing great itching. Chemical, Chem'ic, a. pertaining to che- mistry ; resulting from the operation of chemical agencies. Chemically, ad. by a chemical process. Cliev'ron, s. an ornament in Architecture, representing two rafters set as they ought to stand ; a mark of distinction on the sleeve of non-commissioned officers' coats. Chic'cory, s. succory or wild endive. Chid, the p. t. of Chicle. Chidden or Chid, the p. p. of Chide. Chiffonnier, [shiffoneer^Fr.] a receptacle for rags and shreds ; a small orna- mented cupboard. Chiltern Hundreds. A tract of country in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire (in which are the Chiltern hills), to which is attached the nominal office of Steward under the Crown. As mem- bers of parliament cannot resign their seats, when they wish to retire, they accept this nominal office or steward- ship, and thus vacate their seats. Chose, Chosen, thep. t. andp.p. of Choose. Cinchona, [sinkona]. See Quinquina. Cir'rous, a. having tendrils as the vine. Clad or Clothed, thep.t. and p.p. of Clothe. Clairvoyance, [Fr.] literally, clearsight- edness ; but in Mesmerism implying a power of seeing objects not present to the senses. Clairvoyant, m. Clairvoyante, fern. [Fr.] a person who professes clairvoyance, or one who is under its influence. CLA 391 CRO Clave, the p. t. of Cleave (to adhere). Cleft, the^>. t. andp.p. of Cleave (to sjjlit) . Clem'atis, s. a genus of climbing plants ; so called from their clemata or tendrils. Clove, the p. t. of Cleave (to split). Cloven, the p. p. of Cleave (to split). Clung, the p. t. and p. p. of Cling. Coaction, s. compulsion, force. Coales'cent, a. growing together, united. Cocciferous, a. bearing kernels or berries. Cod'ded, a. enclosed in a cod or husk. Codicil'lary, a. of the nature of a codicil. Cognation, s. kindred or relationship. Colchicum,[kol'tshekum], s. the meadow saffron, one species of which (origi- nally from Colchium) is used medi- cinally. Coleop'terous, a. having crustaceous sheaths for the wings, as beetles. Collap'se, s. a falling or shrinking toge- ther; an entire prostration of the bodily energies. Col'ocinth, s. the bitter apple, a kind of gourd, the pulp of which is used me- dicinally. Co'ma, [Gr.] s. lethargy, morbid sleep- iness. Co'matose, Co'metous, a. affected with coma, lethargic Com'mune, [Fr.] a district, a parish. Com'iuunism, s. community of property among all the citizens of a state. Com'munist, s. one who advocates com- munism ; a socialist. Communistic, a. pertaining to com- munism or socialism. Compilable, a. yielding, accommodating. Complicity, s. complexity ; state of being an accompliee. Com'potator, s. one who drinks with another. Concavity, s. hollowness; the internal surface of a hollow spherical body. Concen'trativeness, s. in Phrenology, the power or faculty of concentrating the ideas on any subject or study. Concentricity, s. state of being con- centric. Concertina, s. a musical instrument. Concessionary, a. given by concession. Conein'nity, s. fitness, suitableness. Concin'nous, a. becoming, neat. Condonation, s. the act of pardoning ; pardon. Condottieri, [It] hired military adven- turers in the 14th and 15th centuries. Conflict'ive, a. opposing, struggling. Congressional, a. pertaining to the Con- gress in America. Congres'sive, a. meeting, encountering. Consentaneity, s. reciprocal, agreement. Consentaneous, a. agreeable to, suitable. Consignation, a. the act of consigning. Consolidated Fund. A fund formed from certain portions of the joint revenues of Great Britain and Ireland, appro- priated to the payment of the Civil List, and other specified purposes. Consonance, Con'sonancy, s. agreement of sound, concord, consistency. Constituency, s. the entire body of con- stituents or electors. Constrictive, a. binding, contracting. Construcfr'iveness, s. a term in Phre- nology. Consubstan'tiaL a. having the same sub- stance or essence. ConSuetude, s. custom, usage. Consuetu'dinary, a. customary. Contintiate, a. uninterrupted, unbroken. Contort', v. to writhe, to twist together. Contracted, p. and a. drawn together ; narrow, selfish, illiberal. ContraFto, [It.] the countertenor, or part immediately below the treble. Conventual, a. belonging or pertaining to a convent or monastery. Cop'rolite, s. the petrified feces of fishes, reptiles, or other animals. Coprolit'ic, a. containing coprolites ; re- sembling coprolites. Cornet-a-piston, [Fr.] a brass wind in- strument like the French horn, but capable of much greater inflection from the valves and pistons with which it is furnished. Cor'tical, a. consisting of bark or rind ; resembling bark or rind Cosmolo^gical, a, relating to the science Avhich describes the universe. Coupe, [Fr.] the front apartment of a diligence. Crass, a. gross, coarse, thick. Crass'ness, s. grossness, coarseness. Cre'osote, s. an oily, colourless liquid, ob- tained from pyroligneous acid and tarry matter. It is a very powerful anti- septic, and literally means flesh-pre- server. Crepitate, v. to make a crackling noise. Crept, the p. t. and p. p. of Creep. Crepus'cular, a. pertaining to twilight. Crescendo, [It.] in Music, a gradual swelling or increasing of the notes. Cre'tin, s. a name given in the Alpine valleys to certain idiotic beings, most of whom have goitres or large tumours on their necks. Cre'tinism, s. the state of being a cretin. Crew or Crowed, the past tense of Crow. Cri'nite, a. like hair ; streaming. Crop-out, v. to ripen to a full crop ; in Geology, to come to the surface. Crotch'ety, a. whimsical, odd. Cro'ton Oil, s. a violent cathartic, ob- tained from an Eastern plant. CRO 392 BIS Crouch, v. to sign with the cross. Crouched Friars, an order of friars, so called from the {crouch) cross which they wore. Crum'pet, s. a kind of soft cake. Crunkle, v. to cry like a crane. Cuisine, [kwezeen', Fr.] kitchen appa- ratus; cookery. Cul de sac, [Fr.] a street closed at one end ; literally, the bottom of a sack. Curaartici- ple of Engrave. En Masse, [Fr.] in a mass or body. En Passant. See Passant, p. 203. Enthro'iienient, s. the act of enthroning. Entirety, s. the whole, completeness. Entresol, [Fr.] a platform or apartment between the ground floor and the prin- cipal floor above it. E'ocene, in Geology, a term applied to the oldest groups of the Tertiary for- mations, because it is in these groups that the organic remains of animals of the same species as those which now exist, make their first appearance. It is from the Greek eos, the dawn, and Jcainos, new or recent. Miocene, less recent, and Pliocene, more recent, are also applied to Tertiary formations. Epithet'ic, a. of the nature of an epi- thet ; abounding in epithets. Equi'nal, a. pertaining to the horse kind. Equita'tion, s. a riding on horseback. Eras'tianism. The principles of the Erastians, who hold, with Erastus, a German, that the church is a mere creature of the state ; and that it has no power to discipline its members, but merely to use persuasion. Esthetics. See ^Esthetics, p. 387. Ete'sian, a. at stated periods, periodical. Eth'nical, Ethnic, a. heathenish. Ethnolo^gicalja. pertaining toEthnology. Ethnology, s. a treatise on races or nations. Etui, [ay-twee, Fr.] a pocket-case for tweezers, &c. Eu'crasy, s. a good temperament of body. Euthana'sia, s. an easy death. Event 'uality, in Phrenology, a propen- sity to take cognizance of events. Exequatur, [Lat,] a licence given by the Government of a country to a foreign consul or commercial agent. S3 EXH 394 GEO Exhu'me, v. to disinter or unbury. Ex mero motu, [Lat.] from one's own mere motion, of mere good pleasure. Ex necessitate, [Lat.] of necessity. Exogenous, a. having the wood aug- mented by annual addition to the outside. Experimen'tum Crucis, [Lat.] a severe and decisive test or experiment, be- cause the cross, like the rack, was used to extort truth. Expressivo, [eevo, It.] with expression. Ex'tern, s. a pupil or student who does not board within the school or seminary. Extortionary, a. practising extortion. Extravagan'za, [It.] a wild or incoherent musical or dramatic composition. Fabliaux, [fab'leo, Fr.] the metrical tales of the early poets of the north of France. Fallen, the p. p. of Fall. Fama Clamosa, [Lat.] in the Presbyterian church, a charge grounded on public scandal alone. Fata Morgana. An extraordinary atmos- pheric refraction, by wbich images of houses, castles, and other objects in the surrounding landscapes, are fantas- tically and beautifully represented in the air, over the surface of the sea. They occur chiefly in the Straits of Messina, and are also called the Cas- tles of the Fairy Morgana. Faubourg, [fo'boorg, Fr.] a suburb. Fau'na, s. the animals of a particular country or district. See Fauni, p. 367. Fe'cit, [Lat.] he made it. Fec'ula, s. dregs, sediment, starch. Fed, the p. t. and p. p. of Feed. Feld'spar. See Felspar. Fell, the p. t. of Fall. Felt, the p. t. and p. p. of Feel. Fete, [Fr.] a feast, a festival. Fe'rse, [Lat.] wild animals. Figurant, m. Figurante, fern. [Fr.] an opera dancer, one who dances in groups or figures, not singly. Final'ity, s. the state of being final. Fi'nding, s. the act of finding ; a dis- covery ; the verdict of a jury. Fin'ial, s. in Gothic architecture, the top or finishing of a pinnacle or gable. Fin'ned, a. having, or furnished with fins. Firedamp, s. the explosive carburetted hydrogen gas of coal mines. Flange, s. a raised or projecting edge or rib on the rim of a wheel. Flecker, v. to spot, to streak or stripe. Fled, the p. t. and p. p. of Flee. Flew, the p. t. of Fly. Flocky, a. having flocks or locks. Floriculture, s. the culture of flowers. Flown, the p. p. of Fly. Flu'ate, s. a salt formed from fluoric acid, and a base. Flung, the p. t. and p. p. of Fling. Forbid'den, the p. p. of Forbid. Forbore, the p. t. of Forbear. Forborne, the p. p. of Forbear. Forego'ing, a. going before, preceding. Forgof, the p. t. of Forget. Forgot'ten, the p. p. of Forget. Forsa'ken, the p. p. of Forsake. Forsook, the p. t. of Forsake. Fort'alice, s. a small fortress. Fossette, [Fr.] a little hollow ; a dimple. Fought, the p. t. and p. p. of Fight. Found, the p. t. and p. p. of Find. Froze, the p. t. of Freeze. Frozen, the p. p. of Freeze. Fullery, s. the place or the works where the fulling of cloth is carried on. Gal'lopade, s. a Idnd of sprightly dance, a curvetting gallop. Garrote, s. a mode of strangulation in Spain, by means of a collar screwed round the neck. Gave, the p. t. of Give. Gen'era, [Lat.] the plural of Genus. Geyser. A fountain which spouts forth boiling water, of which there are several in Iceland, about thirty miles from Hecla. The jet of the Great Geyser often rises to the height of 500 feet. Ghaut, [gawt], a pass in a chain of moun- tains ; a range of mountains in India. Ghoul, [gowl], a demon among Eastern nations, that is supposed to frequent graveyards, and feed on the dead. Giaour, [jowr], a dog ; an infidel ; a name given by Turks to unbelievers in Mohammedanism, and especially to Christians. Gigot, [jigo, Fr.], the hip joint; a leg of mutton. Gilt or Gilded, the p. t. and p.p. of Gild. Girt or Girded, the p. t. and p. p. of Gird. Given, the p. p. of Give. Got, the p. t. of Get. Gotten, the p. p. of Get. Grauwack'e, [graw'wakey], in Geology, a German local term for a kind of grey rock. Greywacke' is another form of the same word. Graven or Graved, the p. p. of Grave. Grefiier [Fr.] a registrar or recorder. Grew, the p. t. of Grow. Groin, s. in Architecture, the hollow in- tersection of vaults crossing each other. Groundswell, s. the swell or roll of the sea from beneath when the water is not deep. Grown, the p. p. of Grow. GUI 395 KIR Guild'er, a Dutch coin, a florin. Gutta Percha [pertsh'a], a substance re- sembling India-rubber in many of its properties, but stronger, more soluble, and less elastic. It is obtained from a variety of trees in the Eastern Archi- pelago, in the state of a milky -looking juice, which hardens on being exposed to the air. It has lately been applied to many useful purposes. Habitat, in Botany, the native soil or country of a plant or animal. Hack'matack, s. the American larch. Had, the p. t. and p. p. of Have. Half-Blood, a. having one parent the same, but not both. Hanse Towns. Certain commercial cities in Germany which associated for the protection of commerce as early as the 12th century. To this powerful con- federation acceded several commercial cities in Holland, England, France, Spain, and Italy, until they amounted to 72. It has now ceased to exist, and its remnants, Lubec, Hamburgh, Bremen, and Frankfort, are called Free Cities. Harmonica, s. a musical instrument. Harmonlcon, s. a musical instrument. Heard, a contraction of Heared. Held, the p. t. and p. p. of Hold. Het'man, s. a Cossack commander-in- chief. Hid, the p. I. of Hide. Hidden, the p. p. of Hide. High Dutch. The German language as distinguished from the Low Dutch or Belgic, or the cultivated German as opposed to the vulgar dialects. Hirullo, [Lat.] a leech. Hirun'do [Lat.] a swallow. Hobson's Choice, a choice in which there is no alternative. Homeopathic, a. pertaining to homeo- pathy. Homeop'athy. The doctrine or theory of curing diseases with very minute doses of medicine, by producing in the patient affections similar to those of the disease. It is opposed to Allo- pathy, or the treatment of diseases by drugs otherwise affecting the system than as the disease affects it. Honoralium, [Lat.] a fee given to a professor in a university. Hos'podar, s. the title of the Christian princes or governors of Wallachia and Moldavia under the Sultan. Hove or Heaved, the p. t. of Heave. Hung or Hanged, the p. t. and p. p. of Hung. Hy'persthene, s. a variety of hornblende Hy'pogene, in Geology, applied to rock formed and consolidated under, and not at the surface of the earth. Ideality, a term in Phrenology. Ideologist, s. one who treats of ideas. Ideol'ogy, s. the doctrine of ideas. Ignes'cent, a. emitting sparks, scin- tillating. Iguan'odon, s. a genus of saurian reptiles. Imbroglio, [It.] The plot of a romance or drama when much perplexed or complicated is said to be an "im- broglio." Improvisato're, m. Improvisatrice, fern. [-tree'-tshe, It.] one who composes and sings extemporaneously. Indemnification, s. the act of indem- nifying ; security against loss. Industrial, a. pertaining to industry. In esse, [Lat.] ha being, actually existing. In extenso. [Lat.] in full, at large. Inflorescence, in Botany, the manner in which flowers are placed on a plant. In loco, [Lat.] in the place. Infusolia, [Lat.] animalcules or micros- copic animals inhabiting water and various other liquids. Initiative, a. serving to initiate ; s. an introductory step or movement. Inoperative, a. having no operation or effect. Inquirendo, [Lat.] a writ of inquiry. In toto, [Lat.] wholly, entirely. Institutional, a. elementary ; instituted by authority. Insularity, s. the state of being insular. Increment, s. use, practice, habit. Jac'anet, s. a kind of muslin. Jac'quard Loom. A kind of loom for weaving figured goods, invented by M. Jacquard, of Lyons, in 1800. Jan'senist, s. a follower of the opinions of Jansen, bishop of Ypres, in the 17th century. Jean, s. a cloth made of cotton and wool. Jimp, another form of Gimp, neat, &c. Jo'rum, s. a large drinking vessel. Jug'gernaut, s. a celebrated Hindoo idoL Jus Gentium, [Lat.] the law of nations. Juste Milieu, [Fr.] the just middle. In French politics, that party which held a middle course between the old mon- archical, and the new republican prin- ciples. Ka'olin, s. the Chinese name for por- celain clay. Kept, the p. t. and p. p. of Keep. Kirschwasser, [kershVosser, Ger.]c7ierry~ water, a liquor obtained by fermenting the small black cherry. KNE 396 ODI Knelt, the p. t. and p. p. of Kneel. Knew, the p. t. of Know. Knit or Knitted, the p. t. and^>. j?.of Knit. Known, the p. p. of Know. Kraal [kral], a Hottentot hut or village. Kra'ken, s. a fabulous sea-monster, so large as to be taken for an island. Kremlin, s. the royal palace at Moscow. Ky'anize, v. to preserve timber from rotting by an application of corrosive sublimate or other substances. The solution was originally prepared by Mr. Ryan. Lactom'eter, s. an instrument for ascer- taining the proportion which the cream bears to the milk. Lacus'trine, a. pertaining to lakes or swamps. Lain, the p. p. of Lie. Land'wehr, s. the militia in Prussia. Lay, the p. p. of Lie. Lazaro'ni, the houseless poor in Naples, who live by begging, and whose only refuge is the hospital of St. Lazarus. Laid, the p. t. and p. p. of Lay. Led, the p. t. and p. p. of Lead. Left, the p. t. and p. p. of Leave. Lent, the p. t. and p. p. of Lend. Liaison, [le"-a-zong, Fr.] a bond of union, a connexion. Li'as, s. in Geology, a kind of limestone. Lig'nite, s. fossil carbonized wood. Lin'ament, s. a tent of lint or linen used for dressing wounds. Lit or Lighted, the p. t. and p.p. of Light. Lost, the p. t. and p. p. of Lose. Made, thejp. t. smdp.p. of Make. Madid, a. wet, moist, dropping. Magno'lia, s. a genus of plants and trees, remarkable for the beauty of their flowers and foliage. Mal'achite, s. an oxide of copper, com- bined with carbonic acid, found in solid masses, of a beautiful green colour. Malin'gering, s. in military language, feigned sickness, to escape duty. Mam'mal, s. a mammiferous animal. Manche, [mansh, Fr.] s. a sleeve. Manipulate, v. to operate with the hand. Marionette, [Fr.] little Marion; a puppet. Marsu'pial, a. having a pouch or bag, as the opossum and kangaroo. Materiel, [Fr.] s. the baggage, provisions, munitions, and equipments of an army, in distinction to the Personel, or men. Maunder, v. to mutter, to grumble. Medicative, a, curing, tending to cure. Medu'sse, s. a genus of gelatinous ra- diated animals, without shells, com- monly called sea-nettles. Meant, the p. t. and p. p. of Mean. Meerschaum, [meer'shoum, Ger.] a kind of clay of which pipes are made ; also a pipe. [It literally means sea foam.'] Megalosaurus. See Sauroid, p. 398. Melee, [Fr.] s. a fight, in which the com- batants are mingled in one confused mass ; a scuffle. Men'ticulture, s, cultivation of the men- tal faculties. Mesmeric, a. pertaining to mesmerism. Mesinerism, s. animal magnetism, so named from Mesmer, a German phy- sician, who first propounded the theory. Mesne, [meen], in Law, a middle or in- tervening process. Met, the p. t. and p. p. of Meet. Mica Schist. See Schist, p. 398. Milled, a. having undergone the ope-, ration of the mill ; having the edge grained, as a coin, to prevent clipping ; fulled as cloth. Mi'ocene. See Eocene, p. 393. Misappropriate, v. to set apart for one's self what ought not to be taken. Misappropriation, s. wrong or fraudu- lent appropriation. Morgue, [morg, Fr.] a place in which bodies found dead are exposed, in order that they may be recognized. Mos'lem, s. a Mussulman or Mahometan, Must, s. unfermented wine, new wine. Muta'tis mutan'dis, [Lat.] after making the necessary changes, Nais s. a species of worm. Na'ker, ISfa'cre, s. mother-of-pearl. N" ecrop'olis, s. a city of the dead, a place set apart and appropriately arranged for the interment of the dead, Ne'er, a contraction of Never. Ne Exeat Regno [Lat.] a writ to prevent a debtor from leaving the kingdom. Neural'gia, s. a painful affection of the nerves ; a kind of tic douloureux. Neuralgic, a. pertaining to neuralgia. Nic'otin, s. an oil or principle extracted from tobaceo. Nolle Prosequi, [Lat.] in Law, to with- draw a writ. Non est inventus, [Lat.] in Law, he is no where to be found. Non sequitur, [Lat.] literally, it does not follow ; a conclusion not warranted by the premises. Nudum Pactum, [Lat.] a contract made without any consideration, and there- fore not valid, Ob'eron, s. the king of the fairies. Obscu'rant, s. an obstructor of the pro- gress of knowledge and enlightenment, Obsid'ean, s. a vitreous kind of lava. O'din, s. a Scandinavian deity. OLL 397 RID Olla Podrida [- reeda], s. a Spanish dish, made of all kinds of meat, cut into small pieces, and stewed with different kinds of vegetables ; and hence a mix- ture or medley of writings. Olla is the same as Olio, and Podrida means putrid, or stinking. Ottar, Otto. See Attar, p. 398. Pab'ular, a. pertaining to food, consisting of food or nutriment. Pad, s. a soft easy saddle ; but originally a saddle stuffed with straw : v. to stuff with padding. See Pad, p. 199. Pad'ding, s. some soft substance, as hair or wool, for stuffing saddles, cushions, garments, &c. Paid, the p. t. and p. p. of Pay. Paled, a term in Heraldry. Palinu'rus, s. the skilful pilot of Eneas. Pallium, [Lat.] a cloak or mantle; a pall. Pal'try, a. worthless, despicable, mean. Pam'pas, s. extensive plains in South America, particularly in Buenos Ayres, covered, like the prairies in North America, with grass and herbage, on which herds of wild cattle and horses pasture, Pandour', s. a kind of light infantry, for- merly in the Austrian service. Panop'ticon, s. a place where every thing- can be seen ; a prison, as recommended by Bentham, in which the inspector can see the prisoners in their cells without being seen himself. Par'agoge, s. in Grammar, a letter or syllable added to the end of a word without altering its meaning. Pari Passu, [Lat.] with equal pace. Parmesan', cheese made at Parma. Parsee. The name given to the Persian fire-worshippers, Avho took refuge in India from Mahometan persecution. They are called by the Mahometans Guebres, another form of Giaours or infidels, Parllceps crimlnis, [Lat.] a partaker in the crime. Parvenu, [Fr.] a new comer, an upstart. Pat'era, [Lat.] a broad goblet or cup. Patrislic, Patris'tical, a. in Theology, pertaining to the fathers of the Church. Peajacket, s, a loose, rough, warm jacket worn by sailors. Ped'agogy, s. the principles and practice of teaching. Pemlcan, s. meat cured, pulverized, and mixed with fat, used in long voyages of exploration. Penetralia, [Lat.] the recesses or inner- most parts of any place, as of a temple. Pent, the p. t. and p. p. of Pen. Percuv'sory, a. cursory, hasty. Periodical, s. a magazine or other pub- lication published at regular or stated periods. Petitio Principii,[Lat.]in Logic, abegg'ng of the question, or assuming to be true what requires to be proved. Photoge'nic, a. producing light. See Daguerreotype, p. 392. Photog'raphy, s. the process of pho- togenic drawing. Pig-iron, s. iron melted in large lumps. Place'bo, s. in Medicine a prescription more to please than benefit the patient. Platitude, s. flatness, dulness ; a trite or common-place observation. Plesiosaurlis. See Sauroid, p. 398. Pli'ocene. See Eocence, p. 393. Poco curan'te, [It.] little caring. Pol'ka, s. a dance of Polish origin. Pollock, s. a species of cod-fish. Praam, s, a large flat-bottomed boat. Prima Donna, s. the first or chief singer. Pro rata, [Lat,] in proportion. Pro re nata, [Lat.] for the occasion. Prosy, a. like prose, dull, insipid. Punjaub', s. the country of ike five rivers. Quartzose, a. containing quartz ; re- sembling quartz. Quasi, [Lat.] as if; pretended. Quit or Quitted, the p. t. and p,^. of Quit. Quo anlmo, [Lat.] with what mind or purpose. Raisonne, [Fr.] rational, digested or ar- ranged on a regular system, as a " ca- talogue raisonnee." Rang, the p. t. of Ring. Ray'ah, s. in Turkey, a person not a Mahometan, who pays the capitation tax. Read, [red], the p. t. and p. p. of Read. Rechabites, s. the descendants of Jonadab, the son of Rechab, who abstained from all intoxicating drinks ; a name as- sumed by a certain class of teetotallers. Reductio ad absurdum, [Lat.] in Logic, an argument that proves not the thing asserted, but the absurdity of whatever contradicts it. Regime, [Fr.] government, rule. Regium Donum, [Lat,] a royal gift. Reiter, [Ger.] s. a rider, a trooper. Rent, the p. t. and p. p. of Rend. Rentes, [Fr.] s. annuities in the funds. Rentier, [Fr.] s. one who has a fixed income, as from lands, stocks, &c. Resume, [Fr.]asummingup; asummary. Ricochet, [rikoshay', Fr.] a kind of firing which makes the shot or shell roll or bound along the opposite rampart. Ridden, the p. p. of Ride. BIS 398 TEL Ris'en, the p. p. of Rise. Rocaiile, [Fr.] shell- work in architecture. Rochelle Salt, s. tartrate of potash and soda, used medicinally. Rode, the p. t. of Ride. Rose, the p. t. of Rise. Rung, the p. p. of Ring. Runnel, s. a small brook or rivulet. Ry r ot,s. a farmer or husbandman inlnclia. Sad'dlery, s. the manufactures of a sad- dler ; the business or trade of a saddler. Said, the p. t. and p. p. of Say. Salts, s. pi. the popular name for a salt taken as medicine. Sal, [Lat.] s. salt, the scientific term for salt, in chemistry and pharmacy. See Ammonia and Volatile. Sa'miel or Simoom', s. a hot, suffocating wind, common to the sandy deserts of Arabia, Africa, and Syria. San'atory, a. sanative or healing. Sandwich, s. two thin slices of bread and butter, with a slice of ham or other meat between ; said to have been first recommended by the Earl of Sandwich. Sans Souci, [Fr.] without care. Sat, the p. t. and p. p. of Sit. Sauroid. This term is derived from two Greek words, which signify like or resembling a lizard. Ichthyosaurus means the fish lizard, and Plesiosaurus implies that the creature was nearer or more like a lizard than a fish. To several other species of these creatures names have been given, as Megalo- saurus, the great saurus, Geosaurus (land), Hylaeosaurus {forest), Teleo- saurus perfect), &c. Sbirri, s. a kind of police in Rome. Secre'tiveness, s. in Phrenology, a dispo- sition to conceal or dissemble. Secundum artem, [Lat.] according to art, artistically. Schist, [shist], s. in Geology, rocks easily split up into slaty-like plates or divi- sions. Schist'ose, Schist'ous, a. slaty, fissile. Schorl, [shorl], s. a variety of tourmaline. Scudo. [skoo'do, It.] a coin of about 4s. id. Seidlitz Water, s. a saline mineral water, from Seidlitz, in Bohemia. Seidlitz- powder, a medicine intended to pro- duce a similar effect. Sent, the p. t. and p. p. of Send. Ser'aphine, -s. a musical instrument. Shaken, the p. p. of Shake. Shan'ty, s. a hut or cabin. Sha'pen or Sha'ped, the p. t. and. p. p. of Shape. Shod, the p. t and p. p. of Shoe. Shone or Shined, the p. t. and p. p. of Shine. Shook, the p. t. of Shake. Shrank, the p. t. of Shrink. Shrove or Shrived, the p. t. of Shrive. Shriven or Shrived, the p. p. of Shrive. Sierra, [Span.] a saw; applied to moun- tains whose peaks are like the teeth of a saw. Silhouette, [Fr.] a profile in black. Slept, the p. t. 2c&&p.p. of Sleep. Slit or Slitted, the p. t. and p. p. of Slit. Sleigh, [slay], s. a sledge, or carriage with- out wheels for travelling over snow. Snood, s. a fillet or ribbon. Socialism, s. a state of society in which there is a community of property among all the citizens ; communism. Socialist, one who advocates socialism. Sold, the p. t. and p. p. of Sell. Sotto voce, [It.] in a low or under tone. Sought, the p. t. and p. p. of Seek. Sped, the p. t and p. p. of Speed. Spit or Spitted, the p. t. and p. p. of Spit. Split or Splitted, p. t. and p. p. of Split. Spun, the p. t. and p. p. of Spin. State'ra, s. the Roman balance, much the same as the steel-yard. Statistician, s. one versed in statistics. Stet, [Lat.] in Printing, let it stand. Stood, the p. t. and p. p. of Stand. Strategical, Strategic, a. relating to strategy or military tactics. Struck, the. p. t. a.ud.p.p. of Strike. Stuck, the p. t. and p. p. of Stick. Stung, the p. t. and p. p. of Sting. Stunk, the p. t. and p. p. of Stink. Superstratum, s. a stratum overlying another. Surveillance, [Fr.] watch, inspection. Swept, the p. t. and p. p. of Sweep. Swink, v. to labour, to drudge, to sweat. Sy'enite, s. a variety of granite. Syllep'sis, in Grammar, a substitution. Tableaux Yivants, [tab'lo vee'v&ng, Fr.] living pictures, an amusement in which groups of persons, in appropriate dresses, in a darkened room, represent some interesting scene in the works of distinguished painters or authors. Tally- Ho', interj. a hunting-cry. Tandem, s. a two-wheeled carriage, drawn by two horses, one before the other. Tangential, a. pertaining to a tangent. Tangential force, a force which acts so as to give a tendency to a revolving body, to fiy off in a tangent to its orbit. Taught, the p. t. and p. p. of Teach. Teeto'tal, a. professing teetote.lism. Teetotaller, s. a professor of teetotalism. Teeto'talism, s. the profession and prac- tice of total abstinence from all alco- holic liquor. Telamo'nes. See Caryatis, p. 363. TEL 399 ZOL Teleosau'rus. See Sauroid, p. 398. Terniina'tional, a. forming the end or concluding syllable. Tertium quid, [Lat.] a third something. Thaler, s. the German form of dollar. Ther'ion, [Gr.] a wild heast. Thor, in Scandinavian Mythology, the son of Odin and Freya. Hence Thurs- day, that is, Thor's day. Thought, the p. t. and p. p. of Think. Tic Douloureux, [Fr.] a most painful aifection of a nerve, usually in the face. Ti'dal, a. pertaining to tides ; rising and falling with the tide. Tii'bury, s. a kind of gig or two-wheeled carriage ; so named from the maker. Tirailleur, s. a French skirmishing soldier. Tme'sis, s. a figure in Grammar. , Told, the p. t. and p. p. of TeU. Toma'to, s. the love-apple. Trap'per, one who sets traps to catch beavers and other wild animals, usually for furs. Twaddle, another form of Twattle. Twaddler, s. one who twaddles. Uncha'ry, a. not chary or careful. Unfem'inine, a. not becoming a woman. U'pas, s. a tree of Java and the neigh- bouring isles, the inspissated juice of which is a deadly poison. It has been fabulously reported that the atmos- phere around it is poisonous. Utilitarian, consisting in, or pertaining to utility : s. one who holds the doc- trine of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism, the doctrine of Jeremy Bentham, that the greatest happiness of the greatest munber should be the end and aim of all social and political institutions ; the doctrine of utility. Var'icose, Var'icous, a. having enlarged veins. Velo"cipede, s. a kind of vehicle which the persou who sits in it propels by striking the tips of his shoes against the ground. Voltigeurs, s. a kind of French light troops. Vul'canize, v. to subject Indian-rubber to a process by which its temperature is rendered uniform. Walhal'la, [valhalla] s. in Scandinavian mythology, the palace of immortality inhabited by the souls of heroes slain in battle. Wept, the p. t. and p. p. of "Weep. What-not, s. a stand, or piece of furni- ture having shelves for books, papers, and other articles. Wet or Wetted, the^?. t andp.#. of Wet. Withdrawal, s, the act of withdrawing or taking back ; a recalling. Won, the p. t. and p. p. of Win. Wound, the p. t. and p. p. of Wind. Wrought, the p. t. .and p. p. of Work. Wrung, Wringed,^?. t. smdp.p. of Wring. WyVern, in Heraldry, an imaginary bird with a serpent's tail. Zollverein, a commercial or customs' union among the German States, having for its object a uniform rate of customs' duties. GEOGRAPHICAL PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. The Practical Rules for the correct pronunciation of English words which have been given in a preceding part of this work (page xv), apply equally to Geographical names and Anglicized foreign words. To these Rules, in such cases, the learner can refer when he is in doubt ; but with regard to the pronunciation of words which are either purely foreign or only partially Anglicized, there are difficulties which no general rules can obviate. Of such words there is usually a threefold pronunciation : 1. The original or foreign pronunciation. 2. The native or English pro- nunciation. 3. A pronunciation which is neither foreign nor English, but between the two. In many cases, it is difficult to determine which of these pronunciations should be preferred ; and the only general rule that can be given is to endeavour to ascertain the mode adopted by the best or most correct speakers. The following General Rules for the pronunciation of foreign words will also be a guide to the learner. 400 GEOGRAPHICAL PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. GENERAL RULES FOR THE PRONUNCIATION OF FOREIGN WORDS. VOWELS AND DIPHTHONGS. A. 1. In French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese words a has the sound of ah in English. In the German languages it has two sounds, a long and a short : the . first is sounded like a in our word half, and the second has no corresponding sound in English. AE, or A. 2. In German words ae or a has two sounds, a long and a short : the former is like the sound between 'name and care, and the short, nearly like e in rent. AI, or AY. 3. In French words ai has, generally speaking, the sound of e, as in our word there. In the German languages ai or ay sounds broader than the English i in kite; or as we pronounce ai in aisle. AU, or EAU. 4. In French words au and ean are pronounced like our long o. Thus Hainault is pronounced haino; and Bordeaux, bordo. In the German languages au approaches the sound of ou in our word our. Thus Breslau is pronounced breslou; Pillau, pillou ; and Austerlitz, ousterlits. AEU, or AU. 5. In German words aeu or au has nearly the same sound as the diphthong oi in our word toil. Compare the German sound of eu. E. 6. In French words e with the acute accent is sounded like our long a, as in fate; e with the grave, and e with the circumflex accent, like e in there; and e not accented is generally pronounced like our open e, as in met. In Italian words e has either an open sound like ai in fair, or a close sound like the same dipthong in pain. E final. 7. In Italian and most foreign words, e final is pronounced ; but in French it is mute, unless marked with the acute accent (e). EI. 8. In French words ei has the sound of e, as in our word there. In German words ei or ey has the sound of our long I, as in fine. EU, EU, EU. 9. In German words eu sounds like oi in our word toil. Compare the sound of aeu or au in the same language. For the eu or eu in French words, we have no corresponding sound, but it is something like the sound of e in her; or u in fur. I. 10. In French, Italian, and most foreign words i has the sound of ee in English. But in some French and German words i has a short sound, as in our word fig. IE or I. 11. In German words ie or % has the sound of our long e or ee, as in me or meet. O. 12. In most foreign languages o has, generally speaking, either a long sound, as in our word robe ; or a short sound, as in rob. OE or 6. 13. In German words oe or '6 has a long sound like the French eu; or a short eound like the French tu. Our nearest sound to it is that of e in her, or u in fur. OI. 14. In French words oi i3 sounded like the syllable wa, in our word water. GEOGRAPHICAL PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. 401 OIL 15. In French and most foreign words, ou is sounded like oo in English. II. 16. In most foreign words u, generally spealdng, is sounded as it is in our word rule. In French words u has a sound intermediate between the souads of oo and eu in the same language, for which we have no corresponding sound, Before a, e, and i, u, when taken in the same syllable, is pronounced like w. Compare the pronunciation of u before a, e, and i, in our words assuage, equal, quench, question, anguish, &c. UE or U. 17. In German words ue or u is sounded like the French u. See rule 16. UI or UY. 18. In Dutch words ui or uy sounds like oi in English ; as in the word boy. 19. In Welch words w has the sound of oo in English. Thus, Amlwch is pro- nounced amlootch; and Pwllheli, poolheli. CONSONANTS. CH. 20. Except in French, Spanish, and Portuguese words, ch is usually pronounced like Jc; as in Munich, Zurich, Cherson, Mocha, CMmborazo, &c. But in French and Portuguese words ch is pronounced like sh; as in C/iampagne, Cherbourg, Chalons, &c. ; and in Spanish words ch is pronounced like ch in our word church. C, CC, CH. 21. In Italian words c before e or i is pronounced like ch in our words cherry and chilly ; cc before e or i, like tch in our word match ; but ch is pronounced like 1c, in English-, as in Civita Vecchia (cheeveeta vekia). In Spanish words, c before e and t sounds like th in our word thin. Thus Ciudad (that is, city) Eodrigo is pronounced thoo-dat' ro-dree'-go. Z in Spanish words has a similar sound (th in thin). CUA, CUE, CUI, CUO. 22. In Spanish words these syllables are pronounced lewd, Jcwey, Jcwee, Jeivo. G, J, X. 23. In French and Portuguese words, g before e, i, and y, and j, in all positions, are sounded like zh in English, or like s in the word azure. In Spanish words g before e and i, and j in all positions, are sounded like h strongly aspirated; as in the word alcohol. In several Spanish words x has the same sound, that is, the guttural sound of h ; as in the Spanish pronunciation of the word Don Quixote (Icee-ho'-te. ) In German and in several other languages, j is sounded like y in English ; as in the word hallelujah. GL, GN. 24. In Italian words gli has the liquid sound of Hi, as in million, seraglio. In French and Italian words gn is pronounced something like ni in our words onion, minion. In Spanish n has a similar sound ; and so, also, nh in Portuguese. GH, GIA, GIO, GIU. 25. In Italian words gh has the hard sound of g, as in go; and gia, gio, giu, are pronounced like ja, jo, joo. SCH. 26. In German words sch is, generally speaking, pronounced like sh. In Italian words sch is pronounced sk. V, F, W. 27. In German words v is pronounced like /,• and w, like v. But the w in final ow is always silent. TH. 28. In most foreign languages the digraph th has the sound of t ; as in our word Thomas. 402 GEOGRAPHICAL, PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. after the words refer to the preceding rules.'] S, T, D, X. 29. In French words the consonants s, t, d, x, are not pronounced when ending a word. But Paris, Brest, Rheims, Arras, and a few others are pronounced by us as if they were English words. Z or ZZ. 30. In Italian and German words, e or zz is pronounced like ts or ds in English. 31. In the names of places in India, and in the East generally, the accent is usually on the last syllable ; as in Hindostan', Afghanistan', Hyderabad'', Sering- apatam', Serampore / , Ispahan', Teheran'. Names ending in polis and poli have the accent on the syllable preceding this termination, as in Gallip'oli. 32. "When the learner is in doubt about the pronunciation of a foreign word, the best way is to pronounce it as if it were English. 3 - 33. As in the following list of words the letters have the usual English sounds, their pronunciation may be acquired by attending to the accent, and by keeping in mind that the letters in Italic are silent or not pronounced ; and that this mark( — ) denotes a long, and this (V) a short sound or syllable. Also, that c with a cedilla under it (thus c) is pronounced like s, as in Ivica. {The figures Aargau, ar'-gou. 4 Aarhuus, ar'-hoos. 16 Abbeville, ab-veel. 10 Abbeyleix, (-leese). Abergavenny, ab-er-gain'-y Aboukir, a-boo-keer'. 10 Abruzzo, a-broods'-zo. 30 A-ca-pul'-co. Achil, ak'-il. Acqui, ak'-kwe. Acre, ak'er. 1 Aden, ad'-en or a'-den. A-dri-an-o'ple. 31 A'-dri-at"ic. iEgean, e-jee'-an. iEgina, e-jee'-na. 10 Af-ghan-i-stan'. 31 Ag'gerhuus, (-hoos). Aghadoe, ah-a-cloo'-e. Agulhas, a-gool'-yas. 23 Aisne, aim Aix, aiks. Aix-la-Chapelle, aiks-la- shapel'. Ajaccio, a-yatch'-i-o. 23 Ak-er-man'. Al-a-bam'-a. Al'-ba'-ny (awl-). Albuera, al-boo-e'-ra. Albuquerque, (-boo- kerk'e) Alemtejo, (-tay'-zho). Alencon, a-lang-song. A-lep'-po. Algeziras, (-zee'-ras). 10 Al-giers, al-jeers'. Al-go'-a Bay. Al-i-cant'. Al-la-ha-bad'. 31 Al'-le-^ia-ny. 33 Al'-lo-a. Afoiwick, an'-ick. 33 Alsace, al-sas'. Al'-to-na. Am-boy'-na. Amiens, am-e-ang'. Amlwch, am'-lootch. 19 Anahuac, an'-a-oo-ak'. An-a-pa'. 31 An-co'-na. An-da-lu'-si-a (shee-a.). 10 An-da-man'. 31 An'-do-ver. An-go'-la. An-go'ra. Angouleme, awn-goo-laim / Anjou, awn-zhoo'. An-nap'-o-lis. 31 Anspac/i, ans'-spak. 20 Antigua, an-tee'-ga. 10 Antilles, (-teel', or til'-les) . Antioch, an'-ti-ok. 20 An-tip'-a-ros. A-os'-ta. Aquila, ak'-we-la. A-ra-can'. Aranjuez, (-hoo'-eth). 23 Ar'-a-rat. Archangel (ark-). Ar-chi-pel'-a-go (ark-), Arequipa, ar-e-kee'-pa. 10 Arezzo, a-rets'-zo. Ar-gyll', ar-guile. Arkan'sas, or Ar'kansaw. Ar-mat/h, ar-mah'. 30 Arnheim, arn'-hime. 8 Ar'-ra-gon. Ar'-ras, or ar-rah'. Arriege, ar-raizh'. Artois, art-waw'. 14 Ar'-undel. Arques, arks. Ashan'tee. As-phal-ti'-tes. As-tra-bad'. 31 As-tra-can'. Ath'ens. Athy, athl'. Aube, obe. 4 Aubigny, o-been-yee. 84 Auch, osh. 2 »> Aude, ode. 4 Augsburgh, ouks'-boorg. Aurillac, o-reei'-yac. Auvergne, o-vairn'. Auxerre, o-zair'. Avignon, a-veen-yong'. 24 Avranches, av-ransh'. Aylesbury, ailz'-ber-ry. Azores, a-zo'rs. Azov, a-zov'. Ba-ba' (Cape.) 1 Ba'-bel-man-del. Baden, bah'-den. 1 BacchiUone, bak-el-yo'-nS. Badajos, bad-a-hos'. 23 Bag-dad', or Bag'-dad Bagnara, ban-yar'-a. Bagneres, ban-yare. Bagnols, ban-yole. Ba-ha'-mas. Ba-hi'-a, ba-hee'-a. 10 Baikal, bl'-kal. Baireuth, bi'-root. 28 Baja, bah'-ya. 23 a In English words the tendency of the accent is to the root, and not to the tprmination Hence, as a general rule, the accent on English words is usually on the first syllable ; but the exceptions are numerous. See " Principles of Pronunciation," page xv. GEOGRAPHICAL PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. 403 Baktchi- Sarai' (-she). 31 Bal'-a-ton. Bal'-bec, or Bal-bec'. Bale, bal. 1 Bal-e-ar'-ic. Balize, ba-leez'. Bai-kan'. Balkft, balk. 33 Ballina, ba-li-na'. Bal-lin-a-sloe, (-slo') . Baltic, bawl'-tik. Bal'-ti-more, (bawl-). Bam'-berg. Bam-bouk / , (-book). Banagher, ban'-a-her. Ban-ga-lo're. 31 Ban-kok / . Ban-tarn'. Bar'-a-ba. Bar-ba'-does. Bar-bu'-da. 16 Bar-ce-lo'-na. Bareilly, ba-ray'-le. BaiTaux, bar-ro'. Barreges, bar-raizb/. Basle, bahl. Basques, bask. Bas-san'-o. Bas'-so-ra, or Bas-so'-ra. Bastia, bas-tee'-a. Bastogne, bas-ton'-e. Ba-ta'-vi-a. Baton Rouge, (roozh). Battaglia, bat-tal'-ya. Bautzen, bout'-tsen. 4 Bayeux, bah-yu'. Bayonne, bah-yone. Bayreuth, bi'-root. 28 Beaumaris, bo-may'-ris. Beaune, bone. Beauvais, bo-vay'. Bedouins, bed-oo- een's. Beira, be-ee'ra. Benares, ben-airz'. Ben-coo'-len. Ben -gal', (-gawl). Benguela, ben-gay'-la. Benin, ben-een'. Benowm, be-noum'. Bentheim, ben'-time. 28 > 8 Ber-be'-ra. Berbice, ber-bee'ce. Berezina, (-seen'-a). 10 Bergen, berg'en. Bergen-op-Zoom'. Bergues, berg. Ber-hV, or Ber'-lin. Ber-mu'-das. 16 Berwick, ber'-rick. Bcsan9on, be-zan'-song. Beyroot, bi-root'. Bid-as- so'-a. Bilbao, bil-bah'-o. Bil-bo'-a. Bil-e-dul'-ge-rid. Bingen, bing'-en. Blois, bloaw. Bo-go-ta'. Bois-le-Duc,boaw-le-dook. Bojador, bo-ya-dor / . 23 Bok-har'-a. Bolivar, bo-lee-var'. Bologna, bo-lo'-nya. 24 Bolognese, bo-lon-ye'se. Bo-ni-fa'-ci-o (-chee-o). Boo-tan'. Bootes, bo-o'-tes. Bordeaux, bur-do'. Borgne, born. Borncu, bor-noo'. 15 Bos'-phor-us. Bouillon, boo-eel-yong. Boulogne, boo-loanye. Bourbonnois,boor-bo-nwa. Bourges, boorzb. Brabant'. Brahmaputra (-poo'-tra) . Brazil, bra-zeel'. Brescia, bres'-cha. 20 Breslau, bres'-lou. 4 Bretagne, bre-tang'. Brough, briif. Bruges, broozh. Bruhl, brool. 16 Bucharest, boo-kar-est'. Bu'-e-nos Ay -res (boo-). Bury St. Edmonds (berry) . Cabul, ca-bool'. Caen, kawng. Caer -mar-then (car-). 33 Caer-nar'-von (car-) . Cagliari, kal'-ya-ree. Cairo, kl'-ro. Calabar'. Calais, cal'-lis, or kal-lay'. Cal-i-cut'. Cal-la'-o. Calne, kawn. Cal-va'-dos (-vah-). 1 Cam-bay'. Cam-bo'-di-a. Camboge, kam-boje. Cam-bray', or Cam'-bray. Campagna, kam-pan'-ya. Cam-peach'-y. Can-da-har'. Cannes, kann. Can-o'-pus. Canterbury (-berry). Can-ton'. Cantyre, kan-tire. Cape Breton'. Cape Hai'-ti-en. Cap'u-a. Ca-rac'-cas. Car-do'-na. Car-ib-be'-an. Car'-lo-witz (-vitz). 27 Carls-cro'-na. Carlsruhe, carls-roo'-hay. Carmagnola (-man-yo'-la). Car-nat'-ic. Car-rar'-a. Car-tha-ge'-na. Castiglione (-teel-yo'-na). Castile, cas-teel'. Castillon, kas-teel-yong'. Cat-tar'-o. Cau'-ca-sus. Cawn-pore'. Cayenne, kl-en'. Cel'-e-bes. Cerigo, che-ree'-go. Cervia, cher'-ve-a. 21 Ceu'-ta, or say'-u-ta. Cevennes, say-ven', Ceylon, sai-lon'. Chagre, shah'-gur. Chalons sha-long'. Cham'-ber-ry (sham-) . 20 Chamouni, sha-moo'-ny. Champagne, sham-pang 7 . Champlain, sham-plain'. Chan-der-na-gore'. Charente, sha-rangt'. Charenton,sha-rang-tong'. Charleroi, sharl-rwa'. Chartres, shartr. Chateau, shat-o. Chateaubriant(-bree-ang') Chat'-elle-rault (-ro). Chatham, chat'-am. Chaumont, sho-mong'. Chelmsford, chemz'-furd- Cheltenham, chelt'-nam. Cherbourg, sher'-boorg, Cherson, ker'-son. Cheviot, cheev'-yot. Chiavara, ki-a-var'-e. 21 Chi-a-ven'-na (kee-). Chicago, she-kaw'-go. Chihuahua, che-wa'-wa. Chili, chee'-lee. Chim-bo-raz'-o (ch hard). Chiswick, chiz'-ik. 33 Chiusa, ki-oo'-sa. Chumleigh, chum'-ly. Chuquisaca (choo-kee-). Chusan, choo'-san. Ciudad Real. 21 Ciudad Bodrigo. 21 Cirencester, sis'-e-ter. CivitaVecchia. 21 Clau-son-berg (clou-). 4 Clogher, clogh'-er. Cob-lentz'. Cognac, cone-yack. Coimbra, ko-eem'-bra. Coire, kwar. 14 404 GEOGRAPHICAL PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. Coin, koun. Cologne, co-loanye. Comines, ko-meen'. 10 Com'-o-rin. Co-nior'-ro. Compiegn, com-pee-an'. Conde', kon'-day. 6 Con -naught, con'-nawt. Coquet, cok'-et. Co-quim'-bo (keem-). 10 Cordilleras, (-ye'-ras). Cor'-do-va. Co-re'-a. Corfu, kor-foo'. 16 Cosne, kone. Cote d'Or, kote dore. Cote du Nord (kote). 29 Cowes, kowz. Cra'-cow. Cre-nio'-na. Crim-e'-a. Croix, St. (croaw). Crom'-ar-ty. Csi-ta'-te. 1 , 7 Cuenca, kwen'-sa. 16 Cul-lo'-den. Curacoa coo-ra-so'. Cui'iscbe-haff a (koor-ish-). Czer'-no-witz (-vits). 27 Bag-lies-tan'. Dahl, dal. Dah'-o-my. Dalkeith, dal-keetk'. Dam-i-et'-ta. Dar-da-nelles'. Darfour, dar-foor'. 16 Da'-ri-en. Dauphine, do'-fee-nay. De.-can'. De-la-go' -a Bay. Delhi, del'4e. Dem-e-ra'-ra. Dem-be'-a. Denbigh, den'-by. Den'-de-rah. D en-der-mond', Deptford, det'-ford. Des-a-gua-de'-ro. Dessau, des'-sou. 4 De-troit', or de-traw'. Det'-ting-en. Deux Ponts, deu-pong'. De-ven'-ter. De-vi'-zes. Di-ar-be'-kir. Dieman's Land, (-dee'-). Dieppe, dee-ep^ Digne, deen. Dijon, dee-zhong'. Dinant, dee-nang'. Dnieper, nee'-per. Dniester, nees'-ter. Dobrudscha (-broot'-sha). Dof-re-fl-eld'. Dol-gel'-ly (g hard) . Dol-lart'. Dom-i-ni'-ca (-nee), or Do-min'4-ca. Dominique (-neek'). Don-agh-a-dee'. Don'-go-la, or Don-go'-la. Dordogne, dor- don'. 24 Dordrecht, dor'-drekt. Dornoch, dor'-nok. Douay, doo'-ay. Douglas, dvig / -las. Doura, doo'-ra. Drave, drav. 1 Drenthe, drent or dren'-te Dreux, droo. Drogli' -e-cla. Droitwich, droit'-ick. Drontheim, dront'hlme. 28 Dulwich, dul'-ich. Dumfries, dum-frees'. Dunfermline (-fer'-lin). Duntcich, dun'-ick. Duquesne, doo-kain'. Durazzo, door-at'-zo. Durham, diir'am. Dus'-sel-dorf. Dwi'-na or dween-a. Ecuador, ek-wak-do're. Ed'-in -burgh (-bur'-ro). Egina. See iEgina. Eh-ren-breit'-stein. Eich'-stadt. 20 Ei'-se-nach. 8 Elbeuf, el-btif . El Do-ra'-do. 1 El-e-phan-ti'-na. 10 El'-gin (g hard). El-mi'-na. 10 El-si-nore', or Ei-si-neur'. Ely, ee'-li Embrun, am'-brun'. Em'-mer4ch (4k). 20 Enghien, ang-e'-an. Ep-er-nay'. Erie, e'-re. Er-i-van'. Er'-ze-rum (-room). Erzgebirge,erts-gay-birg'e Esquimaux, es-ke-mo'. Es-se-qui'-bo (-kee-). Ess'-ling-en. Es'-te. Es-tre-ma-du'ra (-door-a). Etamp, ai tamp'. Eupen, oi'-pen. 9 Eu-phra'-tes. Evitin, oi-ten'. 9 Evesham, ee'-sham. Ev'-o-ra. Evreux, ev-roo'. Eyder, i'-der. Eylau, i'-lou. 8 ' 4 Fahlun, fah'-loon. Falkland, fauk'-land. Falmouth, fal'-muth. b Faro (-ro or ro-e). Fauquier, faw-keer 7 . Fay-al'. Fayoum (-oom'). Fermanagh, fer-man'-a. Fer-rol'. Fez-zan'. Fi-gue'-ras (-gay-). Foix, fwa. Fontainebleau (bio'). Fon-te-noy'. Fontevranlt (-ro') . Fras-ca'-ti. 1 Frau'-en-burg (frou-). 4 Fraustadt, frou'-stat. Freiberg, fri'-berg. 8 Freyburg, fri'-boorg. Frieschehaff, freesh'-haf. Friule, free-oo'-le. 7 Frontignac (-tin -yak') . Furth, furt. 28 Funchal, foon'-shal. Gaeta, ga-e'-ta. Ga-la-pa'gos. Galatz'. Ga-le'-na. Gal-lip'-6-li. 31 Gal'-lo-way. Gal'-ves-ton. Gal'-way (gawl) . Garfagnana (-fan-ya'-na). Ga-ron'ne. Geffle ((/hard). Gel'-ders (g hard). Ge-ne'-va. Genoa, jen'-o-a. Gey'sers (g hard). Ghauts, gawts. Ghent, ghent or gong. Gher-gong' (g hard). Ghi-ran (_g hard) . Gib-ral'-tar (-raw!-). Gi-jon', hee-hone. 23 Gi-lo'-lo. Gir-gen y -ti. Giurge'vo. 25 Glasgow, glas'-go. a Curisehe-haff, that is, the haven of Courland. b T&e termination mouth in English towns is pronounced mutl mouth, TLxmouth, Weymouth, &c. as in "Plymouth, Ports- GEOGRAPHICAL PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. 405 Glauchau, glou'-kou. 4 Glogau, glo'-gou 4 Gloucester, glos-ter. Go-dav'-e-ry. Goes, hoos. 23 Go-nie-ra (-may-) Go-ree'. Gortz, gorts. Gotha, go'-ta. 28 Got'-ting-en. Gozzo, got'so. 30 Gram-mont'. Gra-na^-da. 1 Graudenz, grou'dents. 4 Gravelines, grav-leen'. Greenwich. Gren-o'-ble. 31 Grisons, gree-zong'. Gron'-ing-en. Gruyeres, groo-yare. G^adaloupe, gad-a-loop'. Guanaxuato, gwan-a'- hwa-to. 23 Guardafui, gar-da' -fwee. Guatemala (gwa-tee-J. Guayaquil, gwa-a-keel'. Guernsey, gern'-zy. Gui-an'-a (g hard) . Gui-en'ne (g hard). Guil'ford (g hard). Gui-pus'-co-a. 16 Gu'-ze-rat' (goo-) . Haerlem, har'-lem. Hague, haig. Haiaault, hay -no'. Haiti, hay-tee. Halle, hal'-le.' Ham'-o-aze. Hanau, ha'-nou. 4 Han'-o-ver. Harwich, har A -ich. Ha-van'-nah. Haverfordwest(har'-furd-) Havre-de-grace (-gras'). Heb'-ri-des. Hech'-ing-en (hek-). Hei'-del-berg (hi-). He-le'-na. Hel'-i-go-land. Hel'voetsluys (-vet-slois;. 18 He-rat'. Herault, he-ro'. Her-cu-la'-ne-um. Hesse-Cas'-sel (hess-). Hesse Darmstadt (hess-). Heytshury, haits'-ber-ry. Hil'-des-heim (-hime). 8 Him-a-lay 'a or Him-ma-leh Hin-do-stan'. His-pan-i-o'-la. Hochheim, hok'-hime. Holstein', hol-stine. Honduras (doo'-ras). Hue, hu-e.* Huesoa, oo-es'ka. Hu-ron'. Hy-dra-bad'. I'-coZm-kill. 88 Illinois (-noi' or nois'). In-dian-ap'-o-lis . 3 1 Indre, ang'-clr. Innspruck, insprook'. In-ver-a'-ry. I-o'-na. I'-o-wa. Ips-zmch. Irak'-Ar'abi. Irkutsk, irkootsk. Iroquois, ir-o-kwa'. Ir-ra-wad'-dy. Ischia, is'-ki-a. 20 Iser, e'-zer. 10 Is-lam-a-bad'. Islay, I-lay. Is'-ling-ton. Is-pa-han'. Ivi9a, i-vi'-sa. Jaen, ha-en. 23 Ja-mai'-ca. Ja-nei'-ro (-nay-) Janina, ya'ne-na. 23 Japura, ya-poo'-ra. 23 Jassy, yas'-sy. 23 Jav'-a or Ja'-va. Jedburgh, jed'-burro. Jena, yay'-na 23 Je-ru'-sa-lem. 16 Jo-an'-ni-na. Jorullo, ho-rool'-yo. 23 Juggernauth (-naut). Jungfrau, yoong'-frou. Jura, joor'-a. Kamts-chat'-ka (-kat-) . Ka'-trine. Kerguelen's, kerg'-lens. Kes'-wick. 33 Khiva, kee'-va. Kho-ras-san'. Ki-an-ku' (-koo). Kil-lal'-a. Kil-la-loe (-loo'). Kor-do-fan'. Kur-dis-tan' (koor-). Lab-ra-dor'. La-do-ga'. Lago Maggiore (-jo'-ra). La'-gu-na (-goo-) La-hore'. Lan-ark'. Landau, lan-dou'. 9 Langholm, lang'-um. Langres, lan'gr. Lan-gue-doc' (-gay-) .. Larache, la-rash'. Lat-a-k'i-a (-kee-). 10 Lauban, lou'-ban. 9 Lauenburg, lou'-en-boorg, Launceston, lanston. Lausanne, lo-zann'. Lau'-ter-brunn (lou-) , Laybac/j, lay'-bac. Leam'-ing-ton (lem-). Lecce, let'-cha. 21 Leghorn, leg'-orn. Legnano, len-ya'-no. Leicester, les'-ter. Leigh, lee. Leighlin, lek'-lin. Leighton, lee'-ton. Lei'-ning-en (1I-) Leinster, lin'-ster. Leipsic, llpe-sig. Leith, leeth. Leitrim, lee'-trim„ Leixlip, less'-lip. Le Mans, le-mang. Leominster, lem's-ter. Le-on' or Le'-on. Le-pan'-to. Le Puy, le pwee.. Ler'^ick, ler'-ik' Leuchtenburg (loik'-). 9 Leutschau, loit'-shou. Le-vant'. Lev' -en or Le'-ven. Leeu'warden(loi'-var-). 9 i 27 Leyden, li'dn. Li-be'-ri-a, Lichtenau, lik-te-nou. Lich' -ten-stein (-stine). Liege, lee-aije. Lima, lee'-ma. Limoges, lee-mozh'. Limousin, lee-moo-sang'. Limoux, lee-moo'. Lincoln, lin'-cun. Ling'-en. Lin-lith'-gow (-go). Lintz, lints. Lisle, leel. Lip-a-ri. Lip'-pe-Detmold. Lisieux, lee-zee-oo'. Li-vo'-ni-a. Lla-nel'-ly. Llanrwst, lan-roost'. 19 Lo-an'go. Loch-ab'-er (lok-) Lodi, lo'-dee. Loff-o'-den. c In the termination wick and wich in English, the wich, &c. is silent, as in Waraick, Green- 406 GEOGRAPHICAL PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. Loire, lwar. Loja, lo-ha'. 23 Loo-choo, or Leoo Keoo. L'Orient, lo'ri-awug. Loughborough (luf-). Lou-i-si-au'-a (loo-). Louvain, loo-vain'. Louviers, loo-ve-ey. Lu-cay'-a. Lucca, look'-ka. Lucena, loo-thai'na. 21 Lucera, loo-che'-ra. 21 Lu-gan'-o. Lu-sa'-ti-a. Lutzen, loot'-zen. Lyons, lee-ong' or ly' ons. Lym'-fi-ord. Lyonnois, lee-on-nay'. Ma-ca'-o, or ma-kou'. Ma-cas'-sar. Mac-quar'-rie (-kwor-). Ma-dei-ra (-day'-) Ma-dras'. Ma-drid'. Maese, maze. Maestricht, maze'-trikt. Mag-da-le'na. Mag' -de-burg. Ma-gel' -Ian or Mag-el-lan'. Mag-e-roe (-ro'). Ma^/giore, mah-jo'-re. 25 Magny, man'ye. Ma-hon', mak-hone. Mah-rat'-ta. Mal-a-bar'. Ma-lac'ca. Mal'-a-ga. Ma-lay'-a. Malines, maleen. Malmsbiuy, mamz'-ber-ry. Malplaquet (-plak'-ey) . Malstrom, mal'-stroom. Manche, mansk. Man-kat'-tan. Mankeim, nian'-kinie. Ma-nil'-la. Man'-tu-a. Ma-ra-cay'-bo (-ki-bo) . Mar-an-bani'. Mar-en'-go. Mar-ga-ri'-ta (-ree-ta) . Mar-ie-ga-lante' (-ee-). Marino, rna-ree'-no. Mar'-mo-ra. Marquesas (-kay'-sas). Mar-sal'-a. Marseilles, mar-sailz'. Mar-ta-ban/ Martinico, mar-ti-nee'-co. Mar-ti-nique (-neek'). Mar'-y-bo-rou#h. Massa-cku'-setts (-tskoo-). Mas-a-fue-ro (-fway'). Ma-ta-mo'-ras. Mat-a-pan'. Mayence, ma-yans'. Me-a'-co. 1 Meaux, mo. Mechlin, mek'-lin. Medina, rne-dee'-na. Meigs, megz 3 Mei'-niug-en (ml-). Meissen, mi'-sen. Menin, me-nee'n. Mentz, ments. Mequinez (mek'-) Mergui, merg-ee'. Mer'-i-da. Mer-i-ma-chi' (ckee). Messina, me-see'-na. Mefe. Michigan, misk'-i-gan. Mil'-an. Min-da-na'-o. Mir-a-mi-chi' (-shee) . Missouri, mis-soo'-re. Mobile, mo-beel'. Mocha, mo'-ka. Mod'-e-na. Mo'-ga-dore. Mont Blanc, nioug-blawng' Mon-te'-go Bay. Montpelier,moug-pel-yay' Montreal, mont-re-ai'. Mont-ser-rat'. Mo-re'-a. Morecambe Bay (-cam). Mor-oc'-co. Mourzook, moor-zook'. Mo-zam-bique (-bee'k). Munich, mu'nik. Naas, nais. Naniur, na-moor 7 . Nan-kin'. Nantes, nawngt. Nap'-o-li di Romania. Nar-bo'mze. Nas'-sau, saw or sou. 4 Naumburg, noum'-boorg. 4 Na-va-ri'-no (-ree'-no). Navarre, na-var'. Neagh, na'ay. Nemours, ne-rnoor'. 23 Nenagh, ne'-nah. Ner-bud'-dah. Neuburg, noiboorg. 4 Neufchatel, noo-shat-tel'. Neusatz, noi'-sats. 4 Neustadt, noi'-stat. 4 Ne-vad'-a.i Nevers, nevair 7 . New Gre-nad'-a, 1 New OrMe-ans. Nicaragua (-ra'-gooa.) Niag'a-ra. Nice, nees. Nic-0-bar'. Ni'-cop'-o-k. 32 Ni-co'-si-a. Nic-o-te'-ra. Nieman, nee'man. Nievre, nee-ai-vr. Niger, ni'jer. Nik-o-lai'-ef. Nim'-e-guen (g hard). Nisk-i-pour'. 31 Nismes, neem. Ni-velles, nee-vel'. 10 No-ce-ra. 21 Nordhausen, (hou'-zen). 4 Nor-'wich. 33 No-va'-ra. 1 Nov-go-rod/ Ny'-ko-ping. Oaku, wa-koo. O'-a-sis. O-ce-an'-i-ca. O-den-see'. Oe'-den-burg. 13 > 16 CEesel, eu'-sell. 13 Oeland, eu'-land. 13 Oet'-ting-en. 13 Of '-fen-back (-bak). 20 O-hi'-o. Oise, waz. Ok-kotsk'. Ol'-den-burg. 16 Oleron, o-ler-ong'. Omagk, o'-mah. Omer, St., sawngt o'mair, Onate, on-yat'-a. 24 O-ne'-ga Oneglia, o-nail'-ya. 25 O-nei'-da. On-ta'-ri-o. Orellana (-yan'-a). Orihuela (-hway'-la). Or-i-no'-co, Or'-le-ans or or-leang'. Orthez, or-tai'. 2s Or-u'-ro. 16 Os'-so-la. Os-su'-na. 16 Os-tend'. Os'-ti-aks. Os-we-go. Os'-wes-try. Otaheite (-heet or heety) . Ottajano (-yan'o). 23 Ot'-ta-wa. Ouachita, wosh-e-tah'. Ouba, oo'-ba. Oude, ood. Oudenard, ood'-nard. Ouis-con'-sin (wis-). Ou'ral or ou-ral'. 15 Our-ga, oor'-ga. 15 Ouse, ooz. Out-chang-fou'. 15 GEOGRAPHICAL PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. 407 Overyssel, o-ver-i'-sel. O-vi-e'-do. O-why-hee', Pal-my'-ra. Pam-pe-lu'-na (-loo-na) . Pan-a-ma' (mah). Paraguay,(-gwayorgoo-e). Pa-ra-ma'-ri-bo. Par-a-mat'-ta. Par-a-na'. Par-me-san'. Pas-cua'-ro. 23 Pas-sa'-ic. Pas-sa-ma-quod'-dy. Passau, passou'. 4 Pa-ta-go'-ni-a. Pavia, pa-vee'-a. 10 Pays de Vaud,pay'-e-de-v6. Pegu, pe-goo'. 16 Pe-kin'. Penn-syl-va'-nia. Pen-sa-co'-la. Perigord (-gor). 29 Perigueux (-goo') . 29 Per-nam-Dii'-co. 16 Perpignan (peen'-yaiig). 24 Peru, per-oo' 16 Per-u'-gi-a. 16 Pe'-sar-o (pay-). 6 Pe-sha-wur. 1 Pesth, pest. 28 Pet-scho'ra. 26 Piacenza (-chent-sa). 24 Pi-a'-ve. 1 Pi-chin'-cha. Pictou, pic-too'. Piedmont, pee-e-mong. Pienza, pee-ent'-sa. 30 Pillau, pil-lou. 4 Pi-om-bi'iio. 10 Pisa, pee'-sa. Pistoja, pis-to'-ya. 23 Poictiers, pwa-teers'. Poitou, pwa-too'. Pon-di-cher-ry (sherry). Pontefract, pom'-fret. Poo'-nah. Po-pa-yan/ Pop-o-cat ; -a-petl. Port-au-Prince (port-o- prangse). Portici (-te-che). 21 Port Mahon'. Porto Rico (ree'-co). Potenza, po-tent'-sa. Po-to'-mac. Po-to'-si. Pough-keep'-sie (po-) 30 Poz-zu-o'-la. 30 Prague, praig. Presteign, pres'-teen. Prev'-e-sa. Province, pro-vawngse. Pruth, proot. 28 Pskof, skof. Puebla, pway'-bla. Puerto, pwer'-to. Pu'-lo Pe'nang. Puy-de-Dome (pu'-ee). Pwllheli (pool-). 19 Quebec, kway-bek'. Que-re'-ta-ro. Quesnoy, ken-wa. Quiberon, kib'-rong. Quil-lo'-ta. Quiloa, kee'-lo-a. 10 Quimper, kam-pair' Quito, kee'-to. Ragusa, ra-goo'-sa- Raleigh, ra'-ly. Rani'bouillet (-boo'-il-ya). Raphoe, ra-fo'. Rat'-is-bon. Ra-ven'-na. Reading, red'-ding. Reg-en' (g hard). Reg'-ens-burg. 13 Reggio, red'-jo. Rei'-chen-bach. 20 Rei'-chen-berg. 20 Rei-ki-a'-vik. 1 Rennes, ren. Re-que'-na (-kay-). Rheiins, reemz. Rhe, ray. Rideau, ree-do'. Rie'-sen-ge-birg' (-gay-). Rim'-i-ni. 10 Rio, ree'-o. 10 Rio del Kor'-te'. Rio Col-o-ra'-do. 1 Rio Janeiro (-nay'-ro.) Riv'-o-li.™ Rochefort, rosh'-fore. Rochefouqault (-foo'-co). 10 Rochelle, ro-shel'. Ro-hil-cund'. Roniagna, ro-man'-ya. 22 Ro-t/ien'-burg. 28 16 Rouen, roo-awng'. Rousillon, rou-seel'-yong. Rovigno, ro-veen'-yo. 22 Ru'-gen ((/hard). Rustschuck,roost / -shook. 26 Rutherglen, ru'glen. Saade, sad. Saal, sal. Sa-bi'na 10 Sack-a-too'. Sag-ha'-li-en. Sa'-/«t-ra. 33 Said, side. 3 Sai-gori'. 3 Salisbury, solz-berry Sal-o-ni'-ca. 10 Sal-va-dor'. Sa-mar-cand'. Sandwich. 33 Santa-Fe' (-fay). Santa-Fe de Bo-go'-ta. San-ti-a-'go. 1 Santillana (-yan'-a). Saone, sone. Sar-a-gos'-sa. Sar-a-to'-ga. Sarawak, sar-aw'-wak. Sarthe, sart. 28 Sas'-sa-ri.io Saumur, so-moor'. Sa-van'-nah. Save, sav. 1 Savigny, sa-vin'-ye. Scafeil, skaw'-fell. Schaffhausen,shafhoAv'zen Scheldt, skelt or scheidt. Schelling, shel'-ling. Scheninitz, shem'-nits. 86 Sche-nec'-ta-dy (ske-). Schiedam, skee'-dam. SchonbrunnjShon-broon. 28 Schumla, shoom'-la. 16 Schleswig, shles'-vig. Schuyler, ski'-ler. Schuylkill, skool'-kill. Schwartzwald. 36 , 27 Schweidnitz, shwlt'-nits. Schweitz, shiwts. Schwerin, shwer'-in. Scio, shee'-o. Scutari, skoo-tarM. Se-bas'-to-pol or Se-vas- to'-pol. Segni, san'-ye. Seine, sayne. Sen-na'-ar. Sens, sang. Ser-am-pore. Ser-in'-ga-pa-tam'. Sereth, se-ret'. Set-u-val' or St. Ubes. Sev'-ille or se-vil'. Sevres, sa'vr. Seychelles, say -shell'. Shauenburg.shou'-enboorg Shrewsburry, shroz'-berry. Si-am, se-am'. Si-am'-pa. Si-en'-na. Si-er'-ra Le-o'-ne. Si-er'-ra Mo-re'-na. Sierra Ne-vad'-a. Sig-ma-ring'-en. Sim-phe-ro'-pol. Simplon, saug-plong'. Simgaglia (-gal'-ya). Sin-ga-po're. Sin-6-pe. Sioux, se-oo. Smo-lensk'. 408 GEOGRAPHICAL PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. So-cO'-tra. So-fa'-la. Soignies, swan'-yay. Soissons, swas'-song'. Son-der-hau-sen(-houz-en) So-ra'-ta. 1 Southwark, suth'-ark. Spandau, span-dou'. 5 Spo-le'-to (-lay-) . Spor'-a-des. Squillace, squil-la'-che. St. Cloud, sawng-cloo. St. Croix (cro-aw'.). St. Cyr, sang'-seer. St. Felipe (-leep'). 10 St. He-le-na. St. Ja'go or ya'-go. 23 St. Eoque (roke). Sta-gi'-ra. 10 Staniboul, stam-bool'. Staunton, stan'-ton. Sta-vang'-er. Stock'-holni. Stranraer, stran-rar'. Strom'-bo-li. Suez, soo'ez. Suli, soo'-li. Su-ina'-tra. Su-rat'. Sur-i-nam'. Sus-que-han'-nah. Sy-e'-ne. Tagliamen'to (tal-ya-). Tahiti, tah-hee'-tee. Ta-la-ve'-ra. Tangier, tan-jeer 7 . Tarn-pi'-co. 10 Tapajos, ta-pah'-yos. 23 Tarbes, tarb. Tar-ra-go'-na. Taunton, tan'-ton. Tau'-n-da. Tavira, tah-vee'-ra. Tcher'-ni-gof. Teche, tesh. Te-he-ran'. 28 Te-hua'-can. Te-huan'-te-pec. Te-nas'-se-rim. Ten'-e-riff(reef). 10 Ter-cei'ra, ter-see'-ra. Ter-ra-ci'-na. 21 Ter'-ra del Fu'-e-go. Teschen, tesh'-en. Tet-u-an'. Tewkesbury (-berry). Thames, temz. Theiss, tice. The-a'-ki. 28 i Thiers, tee-air'. Thiva, tee'-va. Thorn, torn. 28 Theonville, tee-ong-vil/ Thun, toon. 28 - i 6 Thurgau, toor'-gou. 5 Ti-bet'. Ticino, tee-chee'-no. 21 Ti-con-de-ro'-ga. ~ Tim-buc-too'. Ti-ti-ca'-ca. Tiv'-o-li. To-ba'-go. To-can-tins (-teen's) . Toeplitz, tep'-lits. 13 To-kay'. To-Ie'-do. To-lo'-sa. Ton-ga-ta-boo'. Tonquin, ton-keen'. Torgau, tor-gou. 4 Torquay, tor-kee'. Tor-to'-la. Toulon, too-lon'. Toulouse, too-looz'. Tour-nay'. Tours, toor. Tra-fai'-gar. Tran-que-bar'. Treb-i-sond'. Treves, treve. Tre-vi'-so, tre-vee'-so. Trieste, tree- est'. Trin'-com-a-lee'. Tri-ni-dad'. Trip'-o-li. Tri-po-liz-za (lit'-za) . Trois Rivieres (traw-). Troppau, trop'-pou. 4 Troyes, trwa. Truxillo (-hel'-yo). 23 Tu-de-la. Turcoing, toor-kwang'. Turin, too'-reen. Tuy, twee. Tver, twer. 27 Tyrnau, ter'nou. 4 Ty-rol'. U-cay'-a-le. 16 U-di-ne. 16 Uist, wist. Ukraine, oo'-krain. U'-le-a-borg. 16 Ulea, oo'-le-a. Um-me-ra-poor'-a. Up-sa'-la.i Ural, oo'-ral. Ur-bi'-no.i<> Uri, oo'-ri. U-ru-guay'. 16 Ushant, oosh'-ang. U'-ta-was. Utrecht, u'-trekt. Valais, valay. Valence, val-ans'. Yal-en-ci-ennes (-en'). Val-la-do-lid'. Valois, val-wa'. Vaud, vo. Yaucluse, vo-cloose. Veglia, vel'-ya. Ve-M'-no. 10 Yendee, vawng'-day. Yendorne, van-dome. Venezuela (-zway'-la) . Vera Cruz (crooce). Verrnejo (-may'-yo). 23 Verviers, ver'-ve-a. Ve-su'-vi-us. 16 Vi-cen'-za (-chen). 21 Vigo, vee'go. 10 Vire, veer. Vlad-i-mir' (-meer). Voghera, vo-gay'-ra. Vosges, vozM. Wal'-che-ren. 20 Wald, valt. "Wardhuus, ward-hoos. Warwick, war'-ik. Wash-i-ta (-taw'). Wavre, wa'vr Wei' -mar. 8 We'n-heim. 8 Widdin, vid'-din. Wis-bad'en (vis-). Wis-con'-sin. Wittenburg,vit'-ten-boor£ Wool'-wich. Worcester,, wor'-ster. Xa-la'-pa (ha-) 23 Xeres, hai'-res. 23 Yar'-mouth, yar'-muth. Yenikale, yen'-e-kal'-e. Yeovil, yo'-vil. Youghal, yaw'-hal. Ypres, ee'-p'r. Yu-ca-tan'. Zurich, zu'-rik. Zuider Zee, zoi'-der-ze. Printed by Alex. Thom & Sons, 87, Abbey-street, Dublin. Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process. Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide Treatment Date: Nov. 2006 PreservationTechnologJes A WORLD LEADER IN PAPER PRESERVATION 111 Thomson Park Drive Cranberry Township, PA 16066 (724)779-2111 FflBBsH *a& LIBRARY OF CONCRESS 003 133 449 4 SB BHai 91 HHBB ■ na