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 Spaldings Athletic Library 
 
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S 1' A I, 1> I N G ' S A r n I. K TIC L I H R A R Y 
 
 WATER POLO 
 
 1?Y 
 
 GUS SUNDSTROM 
 
 Swimming Instructor, New York Athletic Club 
 
 # 
 
 A. book treating every detail of the game. Individual 
 
 work of the players. The practice of a team. How 
 
 to tlirow the ball — with illustrations. Latest 
 
 scientific dodging tactics. Hints for the 
 
 referee. Rules of the indoor game. 
 
 Rules of the outdoor game. 
 
 ri'lU.lSllll) HV lUE 
 
 AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 
 I^ WARREN SrREET, NEW YORK. 
 
G 
 
 LIBRARY of CONGWksf 
 
 Two Copies Received 
 
 MAY 17 1904 
 
 Cepyrlffht Entry 
 
 CLASS t^ XXc. No. 
 
 COPY 
 
 ^b1 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the Year 1901, bf 
 
 The American Sports Pi'blishing Company. 
 tn the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Wa&hingtoa 
 
SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY, 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 The game of water polo lias perhaps done more during recent years 
 to popularize and to cause an interest to be taken in swimming than 
 any other branch of aipiatic sport. It is essentially a game for swim- 
 mers, and one that atTt)rds ample opportunity for the exhibition of 
 skill and the development of staying power. Its practice tends to 
 improve the speed of all those who participate in the pastime, as well 
 as to inculcate in the minds of its followers good ideas as to the liest 
 methods of obtaining command over themselves in the water. In 
 long-distance swims only one style of swimming is, as a rule, adopted, 
 but in water polo the rapid changes of position which are necessary 
 compel players to constantly alter their style. This is in itself a 
 beneficial phase of the game, and one which teaches a swimmer how 
 complete may become his power. 
 
 It was not for this reason, as may be easily imagined, that the 
 fame was tirst prc)moted, but merely for the purpose of providing 
 something new and attractive in aquatic sports; and with this view, 
 on May 12, 1S70, a committee was appointed by the London Swim- 
 ming Association, to draw up a code of rules for the management of 
 the game of " foot ball in the water." Prior to 1S70, various attempts 
 were made by individual swimmers to arrange some kind of ball game 
 in the water, and at many entertainments and swimming matches 
 what was termed "water handball" was played, the sides usually 
 consisting of not more than three players. 
 
 There were a few matches played in 1S76, but it is ditticult to 
 obtain definite particulars, as but few of them were reported. The 
 Rowing Club at Bournemouth, England, played in that year, and it 
 is interesting to note that these almost prehistoric games were played 
 at a time when most of the present exponents were in the nursery or 
 at school. A newspaper of that period contains the information that 
 
4 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 the Bournemouth Premier Rowing Club carried out the "first series 
 of aquatic hand ball matches " on Thursday, July 13, 1876, off the 
 pier. Curiously enough, there were seven competitors on each side, 
 and the "goals were marked by four flags, moored at the west of the 
 pier, fifty yards apart." After a " severe struggle," the ball ])urst; 
 but the players, nothing daunted, and " properly habited, displayed 
 their aquatic accomplishments for some time." A week later, so 
 another newspaper cutting informs us, " twelve members of the club 
 proceeded in rowing galleys, and took up a position near their goals, 
 which were marked out by flags describing an oblong of sixty yards 
 by forty yards. All being ready, an India-rubber ball, evidently the 
 inside of an ordinary foot ball, was placed in the centre between the 
 parties, and a signal given, upon which both crews sprang with com- 
 mendable agility from their galleys and struck out for the ball of con- 
 tention." The report goes on to describe the battle, one player "got 
 a lucky hit which sent the ball back from his goal several yards, and 
 it seemed as if his crew were, for a time, to have their own way;" but 
 a player on the other side, "who, instead of jumping in with his party, 
 in the first instance, remained at his goal as backstock, now plunged 
 in and reinforced his crew, who, after a short but obdurate tussle, 
 turned the tide again in their favor. Again the ball burst, and, 
 another not being forthcoming, the game was suspended." In these 
 games it is amusing to note the length of the play, the size of the 
 goals, the thin rubber ball that could not last through the severe 
 castigation it received, and the term " backstock," evidently coined 
 from the writer's own imagination. 
 
 In the year 1877, before the annual competitions of the Bon Accord 
 Club, which were to be held on the river Dee, the president of the 
 club asked William Wilson, of Glasgow, whether the monotony of 
 racing could not be varied by the institution of a game or competition 
 which would amuse the spectators? The suggestion was acted upon : 
 Mr. Wilson drew up a set of rules for a water game, termed " aquatic 
 foot ball," and play took place from bank to bank at the Bon Accord 
 festival. In the previous year Mr. Wilson drew up some rules for 
 the Aberdeen Club. Later in the same year, the Victoria baths and 
 the West of Scotland clubs played a game at the opening of the 
 former club's natatorium. In October of the same year the rules were 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 5 
 
 .evi.ed, and a competition extending over two "f -;- ^^f <''^;; 
 Paisley batlis between the West of Scotland and Pa,sley clubs the 
 ' ^/eat the .ules were a.a.n revised lot the Ca.neg. Cinb W 
 after this the West of Scotland paid some attention to the game 
 There were no goal-posts at first, the ball having to be played between 
 two ltd flags placed eight or ten feet apart, and the game was merely 
 Iro gh and n,lle scramble from end to end of the fie d o p ay^ 
 Keen followers of the sport soon began to recogn.ze that h. new 
 game if properly developed, wotrld prove of tmmense serv.ce to the 
 chbs'in general, and they consulted together as to poss.ble rmprove- 
 :n:s: 'This ^to the adoption "i ^^^-Po^^^ ^^f^^^"^^^^ 
 at foot ball, and under these new condrfons, .n October, 879. at he 
 first costume swimming entertainment ever held ,n Glasgow the 
 ture of the meeting was a match between '"e West of Scot and 
 and Clyde clubs, the teams consisting of seven players on each s.de_ 
 Duck.ng was not prohibited, but standing on the bottom of the bath 
 or throwing the ball with both hands was not allowed. 
 
 By this time the English clubs had begun to play a crude st le o 
 eame the Birnringham Leander, which was founded nt 1877, and he 
 BuTon-on-Trent Imateur Club, started the following year, be.ng the 
 first to adopt the new ball game as a club pastime. 
 
 There were no printed rules. The game was played w.th a snral 
 India-rubber hand ball, about four or five inches rn d.ameter. The 
 goals were at the ends of the bath, and the goal keeper ^'°o<l o" 'he 
 side; sometimes the captain ordered two goal-keepers accord ng to 
 he ;idth of the bath. The teams stood at the errds, and the bal was 
 town into the centre. In those days the water was not over clean 
 an Uhe favorite trick was to place the ball inside hrs ttghts, and 
 !wim to the other end, under water. The mode of sconng was to 
 p ace the ball on the end of the bath with both hands the forwards 
 riltimes nearly having their neck broken by the goal-keeper jump- 
 ing on the top of them, and at other times when tryrng to score the 
 goal-keeper would lay hold of their hands and the ball, and drag 
 them out of the water. 
 
 Match teams in 1879. consisted of about nine to a stde. 1 he 
 Dudley Swimming Club began playing Henley about that year, and a 
 season or two later the positions were taken after the Assocat.on 
 
6 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 Foot Ball system. In 1S79, the width of the goals was limited to 
 fourteen feet. 
 
 In June, 18S3, a special match was arranged between Leander and 
 All-England, the latter winning by one goal to nothing. 
 
 In the following year, England, captained by G. R. Bettinson 
 (Regent), again beat Birmingham Leander by two goals to nothing, 
 and in 1SS5 defeated the Midland Counties Amateur Swimming 
 Association by two touchdowns to nothing. The following rules were 
 observed : 
 
 Rule i. Duration of game, twenty minutes. 
 
 Rule 2. Captains to agree or toss for choice of goals. 
 
 Rule 3. At the commencement of play, referee to throw the ball 
 into centre of course. All players shall then enter water immediately, 
 except goal-keeper on either side. Goal-keeper may remain out and 
 defend his goal a.i he may think best. 
 
 Rule 4. Ball may be passed from one player to another, and car- 
 ried either on or below surface to goal. 
 
 Rule 5. No player to interfere with goal-keeper, either in or ou. 
 of the water, or hold his opponents any way, unless such goal-keeper, 
 or opponents, are in possession of the ball. In case of any player in- 
 fringing this rule, a free throw to be at once given to his opponents 
 from place where foul occurred. 
 
 Ritle 6. A goal to be obtained by ball being taken up by hand 
 and fairly placed on floating stage, or boat provided for that purpose. 
 
 Rule 7. If, during play, ball goes out of course at side, referee 
 shall immediately throw in same straight from where it goes it; but 
 if it goes out over or upon floating stage or boat, it shall immediately 
 be taken up and thrown into play by goal-keeper upon stage or boat. 
 
 Rule 8. Umpires, or one of them, shall blow whistle immediately 
 after a goal has been obtained, and play shall cease from that 
 moment. 
 
 Rule 9. Teams to change goals at half time. 
 
 Rule 10. Should any competitor who has been selected to take 
 part in polo match fail to engage in same, he shall forfeit all prizes 
 that at time of holding such match he may have already won at this 
 festival, as well as any he may afterwards become entitled to in con- 
 nection with same. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 7 
 
 Rule ii. Power given to umpires, or, in case of dispute, to 
 referee, to decide all circumstances not provided for by these rules. 
 
 A glance at these rules will show that they were most primitive in 
 conception, especially Rule lo, and very simple as compared with 
 those at present in vogue. Although very simple they nearly led to a 
 fatal accident at Portsmouth, because it was necessary, in order to 
 obtain a goal, for the team to press down in full force with one of 
 the players holding the ball, the rest of his team closing round him 
 so as to prevent the ball being secured by the opposing side. The 
 ball was not allowed to be thrown, the players having to swim with 
 it in their hands, or push it in front of them The occasion on which 
 Mr. J. L. Mayger— a well known Rugby foot bailer— nearly lost 
 his life was in the second match between England and Birmingham 
 Leander. A fierce struggle took place near the Leander goal, which 
 was a heavy pontoon moored against the side of a gunboat. The 
 tide was flowing in that direction, and Mr. Mayger, who was playing 
 for England, was in a scrimmage pushed beneath the surface and 
 under the pontoon. The rest of the swimmers, in their frantic efforts 
 to gain a goal, prevented him from getting clear. It was only when 
 nearly insensible that his rescue was effected. 
 
 In the meantime an attempt had been made by Mr. \V. Henry to 
 induce the English Association, then styled the Swimming Association - 
 of Great Britain, to recognize the game, and to formulate a set of 
 rules for general use among the clubs, as certain individual clubs 
 were making rules of their own. No support was accorded to the 
 proposition, and, as a matter of fact, only the proposer and seconder 
 voted in favor of it. The Midlanders were, however, keen on the 
 subject, and on May 20, 1884, a meeting of the clubs in the district 
 was keld at Burton-on-Trent, and a resolution to the effect that a 
 Midland Counties Swimming and Aquatic Foot Ball Association be 
 formed, the chief object being the promotion of the game of water 
 polo in the Midlands. This decidetl action induced the Swimming 
 Association of Great Britain lo reconsider their determination, and in 
 1885 they passed a set of rules and recognized the game under their 
 jurisdiction. 
 
 Very little progress was made until the end of 1SS7, as the English 
 governing body was, during the years 1SS4, 1SS5 and 1SS6, engaged 
 
8 Spalding's athletic library. 
 
 in perpetual wrangles as to the meaning of the amateur definition, 
 but early in i8S8 a committee was appointed, consisting of T. Young 
 (Richmond), H. G. Hackell and \V. Henry, to revise the laws and 
 compile a set of conditions for water polo championships. Their re- 
 port, presented in April, 1808, was unanimously adopted. The new 
 laws provided that goal-posts eight feet -wide, with a cross-bar six 
 feet above the surface of the water, and fixed at least one foot from 
 the end of the bath, should be used, and that the player should be 
 actually swimming when passing or playing the ball. For the first 
 English Championship the entries were not numerous, but this 
 was only to be expected, as the expenses of traveling had to be borne 
 by the individual players, who, in most cases, were mere youths, not 
 over-burdened with cash. Swimming cannot, by reason of the lack 
 of accommodation for spectators at baths, be made to pay sufficiently 
 well to defray the cost of visiting teams traveling long distances, 
 and the burden therefore falls upon the club which happens to be un- 
 successful in the draw for choice of venue. 
 
 After the decision of the preliminary rounds, the Otter, Tadpole 
 and Nautilus (London), and the Burton-on-Trent Amateur Clubs were 
 left in the semi-final round. Nautilus was defeated by Burton by one 
 goal to nothing, and as the Tadpole scratched, the famous Otter and 
 the crack Midland combination were left in for the final. They met 
 at the Lambeth baths, the game ending in an easy win for the Mid- 
 landers. So resulted the first English water polo championship. 
 
 Meanwhile the Scotch clubs had been gradually improving. The 
 Associated Swimming Clubs of Glasgow was formed, and a committee 
 was formed to draft a set of rules for the proper government of the 
 game, and a cup was presented for competition amongst the clubs. 
 The contest was first decided in 1S86, and as none other of its char- 
 acter was held in Scotland, it was to all intents and purposes the 
 Scottish water polo championship, the wirning team being the old 
 West of Scotland clul). 
 
 The Irish swimming clubs at Dublin had two different sets of rules. 
 That at Belfast was an amalgamation of English and Scotch rules, 
 but those adopted by the Sandycove and Blackrock clubs of Dublin 
 were totally different, the swimmers not being allowed to throw the 
 ball at goal, but like the American tank rules of the present day, 
 
Spalding's athletic library. 9 
 
 had to play it with hand on a painted mark at the end of the bath. 
 The game was introduced into America in 1890, but there being no 
 suitable outdoor baths, the rules were modified and altered to suit the 
 tanks of athletic clubs and other swimming associations. While the 
 American rules given here are in my opinion suitable for indoor water 
 polo. I would advise all clubs who are desirous of indulging in the 
 game in open water to adopt the English rules. 
 
 e^ 
 
10 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 THE OPEN AIR GAME 
 
 ¥ 
 
 In open water the field of play is larger, and the opportunities for 
 •naking use of the swimming abilities and staying powers of a team 
 are consequently greater. The boundaries should be marked out by 
 means of floating buoys, with flags, the goal-posts being placed at 
 each end of the field of play. They should not be more than thirty 
 nor less than twenty yards apart. The width of the field of play is 
 limited to twenty yards or less. It would be well to make the size of 
 the field of play as large as the rules permit. For open water, a very 
 ingenious yet easily made goal-post is used by the London (Eng.), 
 Swimming League when on tour. It is light and portable, and a de- 
 scription of it is given here. 
 
 Take two boards about six inches wide, one inch thick, and ten feet 
 six inches long, and place them parallel with each other about six inches 
 apart, or else join two or three boards together. Then get two 
 lengths of three-inch battening, two feet six inches long, and fix with 
 thumb-screws across each end of the two parallel boards on the under 
 side. This will make a floating platform eighteen inches wide, with 
 two projecting crosspieces projecting one foot. Then to the extremity 
 of the projecting pieces hinge two upright posts three feet three 
 inches long, of similar battening, and fit a thin support to the outside 
 of each upright and cross-piece by means of thumb-screws. To the 
 'op of the upright fix the cross-be^:, also with thumb-screws. The 
 .oss-bar must be as light as possible. It may be made out of a thin 
 jatten three inches wide, one-half to five-eighth inch thick, and 
 placed against the uprights with the small edge downwards, the top 
 being level with the top of the uprights. By this method a goal-post 
 ten feet wide and three feet high can be easily constructed, and as 
 the whole of it can be taken asunder in a few minutes, its advantage 
 will be apparent to all clubs who play in open water. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 II 
 
 L.ofC. 
 
12 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 These posts can be fixed in position with bags of ballast, the ropes 
 being fastened to each end of the goal-posts to keep them from swing- 
 ing round. They should be thrown out as far as possible from each 
 end. When playing in the sea, particular notice should be taken as 
 to the direction in which the tide is flowing, as the posts should be 
 fixed athwart the tide, otherwise the play is all at one end; that is, 
 that toward which the tide is flowing. 
 
 ^ 
 
 THE TANK GAME 
 
 ¥ 
 
 While the open air game has its advantages, as previously described, 
 the labor and trouble attendant on preparing a suitable contesting 
 course, as well as the handicap of wind and current and the vagaries 
 of the various bodies of water, all prevent the arrangement of as 
 satisfactory a field to decide a game of water polo as the modern 
 swimming pools throughout the country, it is certain that, for nearly 
 all purposes, including the comfort of the spectators, who are at all 
 times desirous of witnessing this exciting and interesting game, that 
 contests decided indoors in a pool, will be found to be more satis- 
 factory. 
 
 INDIVIDUAL WORK OF THE PLAYERS 
 
 ¥ 
 
 Owing to the ever-varying methods necessary to good play, regular 
 practice is important. It must not merely consist of the mere tossing 
 of the ball here and there, the arrangement of friendly matches or 
 other impromptu scrimmages. A man who aspires to be an expert 
 water poloist must devote considerable time to the study of the game. 
 During the past few years the game has been far more scientifically 
 played than it was at the outset. Up to 1888 the system prevalent 
 was but an exhibition of brute strength. Dribbling, punting and 
 passing the ball were things unknown, except in very rare cases. 
 
 A good plan is to divide a team up as follows: goal, two backs, 
 half-back and two forwards. The office of captain is a very important 
 one. But it is hardly necessary to say that he must be well versed in 
 
Spalding's athletic library. 
 
 13 
 
14 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 :he rules of the game, but also those of the competition in which his 
 club may at the time be contending. He should organize regular 
 and frequent practices, take careful note of the faults or merits of 
 each individual player, and be careful that none of them, including 
 himself, infringes the laws, or gives cause for complaint by another 
 club. It is his duty to instruct and advise the players on all points of 
 the game, to teach them what positions they should take up in rela- 
 tion to each other so that the play of each of them may be effective, 
 and to see that they do not leave their opponents free at any time for 
 attack or defense. No selfishness in scoring should be allowed by 
 him, and the urgent need of good combination plays should be fre- 
 quently pointed out. Quick, short passing should be practiced rather 
 than long shots, as to make a long shot effective one has to get into a 
 certain position, and in doing so, time — an all important essential in 
 a fast game — is lost. 
 
 The swiftness with the ball and accuracy of throw of each player 
 should be individually tested by the captain before the man is ad- 
 mitted to the team. A player may have plenty of strength, but bad 
 judgment in the use of it. Above all, absolute obedience to the cap- 
 tain's signs or orders must be insisted upon. 
 
 FORWARDS 
 
 ♦ 
 
 The forwards must be good swimmers who can catch a ball, quickly 
 judge distances, pass, dribble, and shoot strongly and accurately. 
 One of them should take up a position either on the right or left of 
 the opponent's goal, but outside the prescribed limit. The other 
 should take the opposite side but be a little further away from the 
 goal. Both should always be on the alert for the ball, but in place 
 of holding it. should make quick, short passes to each other, the ball 
 in all cases being passed to the side furthest away from goal, and 
 never direct into the other's liantls, unless uncovered by the opposing 
 back. If it be passed directly to a covered player, he will almost 
 to a surety be tackled with it; whereas, if it be passed on the outside 
 
Spalding's athletic library. 
 
 15 
 
l6 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 of him, he at once gets an opportunity, if he be a fast swimmer, of 
 clearing himself from the cover. The forwards should always hold 
 themselves ready for a quick stroke or two, so as to clear; but this 
 ability will come by practice. When drihiiling the l)all the forwards 
 should clear on the outside and pass rapidly if likely to be tackled 
 by an opposing player. They should keep well up towards the 
 opponent's goal. 
 
 It is the duty of the forwards to keep free, as far as possible, from 
 the opposing side, and, when a change has taken place, owing to their 
 opponents' defense play, to get back to position as quick as possible. 
 They should take care not to infringe the rule prohibiting a player 
 from taking up a position within a yard of the opposing goal, and 
 should also avoid placing themselves too far over to the side of the 
 bath or field of play. When engaged in attacking, the opposing back 
 should in this case be hard pressed, compelled in self-defence to con- 
 cede a corner. 
 
 HALF-BACKS 
 
 ¥ 
 
 The half-back has the most onerous position on a team. With the 
 forwards a certain amount of individual play is necessary, but a half- 
 back must make combination the essential feature of his play. He 
 must be ready to assist the attack at all times, and be as much in 
 touch with his backs as possible. If he keep cool, he will prove of 
 immense service to his side. The forwards should be well fed by 
 him, and left to score when able. It is only by a bare chance that a 
 half-back can score, and in good matches the attack is spoilt if the 
 half-back, instead of passing, seltishly tries to make a goal. He 
 should be a good swimmer, well able to dribble or punt, and throw 
 or pass with either hand under any conditions. At the starting of the 
 game either the half-back or one of the forwards should be told off 
 by the captain according to speed — the fastest swimmer for prefer- 
 ence — to sprint for the ball, and if he obtain possession to pass it 
 back. If the centre forward be allottetl this duty, he should pass to 
 the half-back and then swim to his position, while the forwards are 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 
 
 17 
 
i8 
 
 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 also taking up their places. If the half-back has to go for the ball, 
 he should pass to his backs and return to his proper jdace, which is 
 some two or three yards in advance of the backs. As soon as the 
 l)acks receive the ball, it should be held until the forwards are up in 
 position, and then passed to them. Upon the play of the half-back 
 greatly depends the success of the team, and a clear-headed, sure and 
 swift swimmer should be appointed to fill this post. He must by 
 practice learn to know instinctively the place of every man in the 
 team, must never stand, and always be ready to accept a pass, no 
 matter how fast it may come. 
 
 BACKS 
 
 ¥ 
 
 The backs should take up a position near to their opponents' for- 
 wards in order to prevent them from scoring, but they should never 
 allow them to be between them and their own goal. They must 
 closely watch them, and be ever ready to move rapidly when in 
 danger. It is usual to appoint the heaviest men in the the team as 
 backs, but judgment must of course be used as to their capabilities; 
 because it is better to have a strong defense and a weak attack than a 
 weak defense and a strong attack. This is particularly noticeable 
 when the game is played in open water. The backs are very often 
 called upon to save under very difficult circumstances, as when hard 
 pressed by speedier swimmers than themselves, and thus it is very 
 necessary that they should keep close watch of their opponents. 
 They should be somewhat tactical, be alive to the necessity of giving 
 away a corner, or of passing to their goal-keeper when the goal is in 
 danger. They must be also capable of passing to one another, or 
 else forward to the half-back. There must be no hesitation in their 
 work. They should never leave their places after passing, or allow 
 the opposing forwards to get away from them. Their passes should 
 be short, so that the half-back may reach them easily. The work of 
 the half back and backs should be so regular and combined that the 
 forwards may place confidence in them. This will prevent the latter 
 from leaving their own positions to assist in the defense. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 GOAL-KEEPER 
 
 The position of goal-keeper is not eagerly sought after, and in 
 many instances the post is given to a wretched swimmer. It is not 
 difficult to find the reason of this. The goal-keeper has the cold and 
 thankless task of keeping in one place during the game, and cannot 
 exercise himself by swimming. Men who can swim well are chary of 
 having the arduous task thrown on them of guarding the goal, which 
 is made doubly difficult if the team lack combination. Notwithstand- 
 ing this a good swimmer should be appointed, and one well able to 
 float and support himself with his legs. To properly defend a goal 
 requires skill, rapidity of action, keen judgment, quick and sure 
 catching, and the ability to throw or punch out, immediately the ball 
 comes, in a direction which will be of service to the side. If half a 
 dozen forwards are put on for shooting practice, each with a ball, the 
 goal-keeper's play will sensibly improve after a very short time, as he 
 will thereby become accustomed to exercise judgment, and also quick- 
 ness of sight. One thing which often happens to a goal-keeper is a 
 sudden obscuration of sight after going under water. This ccn be at 
 once remedied by rubbing the eyelids, and thus preventing the water 
 remaining on the body from dropping over the eyes. To all players 
 this hint may l)e of service. When likely to be tackled by the oppos- 
 ing forwards the goal -keeper should pass out to the backs quickly. 
 He must never get flurried, or a goal is certain to be scored against 
 him. 
 
 PRACTICE OF A TEAM 
 
 If it be found impossible to obtain the assistance of friendly teams 
 for practice games, or a second team from the club be not available, 
 a good system of practice is that adopted by the leading combinations. 
 Only one goal is used and only one-half of the tank necessary. The 
 goal-keeper, backs, and half-back defend, while the forwards attack. 
 
22 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 The goal-keeper starts the practice by throwing the ball out, the 
 others being in their positions as in the ordinary game. This 
 should also be the procedure after the scoring of a goal. In many 
 cases this is a better plan than having anotheT team from the club, 
 because very often the second-rate i:ilayers insist upon having one or 
 two of the first team in their ranks, and the practice, as far as the 
 improvement of the combination is concerned, is spoilt. A referee 
 should in all cases be appointed to see that the players conform to the 
 rules. But it is only in practice matches that new trick-dodging 
 tactics and other wrinkles of the up to date game can be learned. 
 During the seasons of 1898 and 1899 the Knickerbocker Athletic 
 Club team, then champions of America, introduced a few tricks 
 which were not only original but effective. One of these when first 
 attempted completely puzzled the opposing team. A player would 
 hold the ball and force his way towards the rival goal-keeper, and 
 just as he was almost within reach of him a player from his own side 
 would jump on his shoulders and drive him to the bottom of the tank. 
 All this time the player would hold on to the ball, and when at the 
 bottom, would crawl to the spot directly beneath the goal, bob up of 
 a sudden inside the goal-keeper and score his goal without hindrance. 
 The other trick was somewhat more spectacular and almost as effective. 
 Two players would swim side by side, one holding the ball. When 
 about six feet from the goal the one in possession of the ball would 
 jump on the other's shoulder and make a flying leap at the goal. The 
 trick worked well with the Knickerbocker team and earned them 
 several goals in the championship matches at Boston and New York. 
 No doubt as the game progresses several other new tricks will be in- 
 vented, and in the course of a few years more, nothing but the most 
 scientific play will be seen in the championship matches. 
 
 HOW TO THROW THE BALL 
 
 ¥ 
 As may be easily imagined, ability to throw the ball and pass it 
 iccurately only comes with practice, and no amount of description 
 
24 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 will assist a feeble player. A few hints as to the various methods 
 may, however, be useful. 
 
 If, when 11 -ling the breast stroke, the player wishes to pass the ball 
 back, the hand should be jdaced under it and the arm cpiickly laisetl^ 
 As soon as tlie arm is al)Ove the surface, it is thrown over the head 
 rapidly, and the ball forced to travel high or low, according to the 
 distance and direction in which it is required to l)e sent. Either 
 hand can be used, but it is always best to throw with the arm which 
 is farthest away from the nearest opponent. When throwing, a stroke 
 M'ith the legs should be taken, and the disengaged arm forced down- 
 wards, to stop the slip given to the body by the throw. If this be done 
 well, it will enable the player to apply more force to the throw or pass. 
 
 The throw from the shoulder or side of the head is a very old plan, 
 and is generally used when a deliberate shot can be taken. The ball 
 is picked up and carried to the shoulder, being somewhat after the 
 fashion of a shot-put in athletic competitions. It is rested against 
 the side of the head for accuracy of aim and the better send-off that 
 is obtainable, and is then sent forward with as much force as possible. 
 The legs and disengaged hand are driven down rapidly in the water, 
 and the body shot forward as the aim is taken. 
 
 Another breast-stroke pass is that from side to side with either 
 hand when outstretched. The hand is turned with the palm outward, 
 and placed under the ball, which is at once lifted out. This is a 
 valuable pass when pressed, especially if it can be done with right or 
 left hand. 
 
 The pass, when swimming on the side, is managed by placing the 
 hand under the ball. In this position it can be thrown straight back, 
 and, with practice to the blind side of the body as well as out to the 
 other side. To pass to the blind side, the arm, when it raises with 
 the ball, must be rapidly forced over the body, and the impetus to the 
 ball given from the lower jiart of the forearm, wrist and hand. 
 Many players can perform this difficult pass so accurately as to know 
 almost exactly in what part of the tank the ball will fall. 
 
 There is plenty of scope for a back-swimmer at water polo, espe- 
 cially when long shots are required. The body is thrown back, and 
 the arm outstretched. As the legs are closed, the arm shoots for- 
 ward, and the ball is driven at a great pace. 
 
Spalding's athletic library. 25 
 
 As before stated, the " Trudgeon " stroke offers tbe best opportuni- 
 ties for a brilliant ^vater polo player. The over-arm pass can be done 
 with either hand, and the ball placed without the player having to 
 turn round for aim. The arms are so placed that the pass out to 
 right or left can be accomplished instantly, and the disengaged arm 
 and legs used to maintain steadiness. With the " Trudgeon" stroke 
 the ball may be punted rapidly up or across the path, the player at 
 the same time being free from tackling, because in punting the balls 
 driven forward by either hand, as the player swims, and is not held. 
 This stroke is again of essential service in dribbling, which is accom- 
 plished by allowing the ball to get between the arms. 1 hen, as the 
 swimmer progresses, the ball goes with him, it hitting hrst one arm 
 and then the other, or the chin, but not getting out from between the 
 
 arms. , . , 
 
 There are manv other little points of the game which come natur- 
 ally after a time. The sending out of play into touch, if we may use 
 the term, is sometimes of use, although it requires judgment. 
 
 THE REFEREE 
 
 ¥ 
 
 If there be one thing more than another that causes disputes 
 amongst clubs, it is the appointment of inethcient referees. A referee 
 should be cool and impartial, of known capability, and thoroughly 
 self-cont^dent. Unless he be the latter he is not of much use, as his 
 decisions will be given with hesitation, and generally objected to. 
 
 A referee should first of all satisfy himself that the ball is of the 
 proper si/e. He should then check the depth of water, and measure 
 the length and width of the tank, taking care that half distance is 
 marked by some visible object. 
 
 After this he should ascertain that the captains have agreed on all 
 preliminaries, if not, give a decision as the rules allow h,m to do. 
 Particular care should be taken by him that the officials are m then- 
 places. Before starting the game he should be careful to have a 
 proper timekeeper who is thoroughly conversant with the rules. If 
 
26 Spalding's athletic library. 
 
 possible, one side of the tank should be clear, so as to permit the 
 referee to follow the game from one end of the course to the other. 
 
 The absolute control of the game should be in the hands of the 
 referee. All cases of misconduct by players should be immediately 
 penalized. 
 
 The following lines for referees may be of service : 
 
 [a) A thorough acquaintance with the rules relating to fouls is 
 absolutely necessai-y, and in awarding fouls there must be no inde- 
 cision whatever. 
 
 (^) When once a decision has been given, do not allow any player 
 or spectator to question your ruling. 
 
 (c) When a ball goes out of play the last player that it touches 
 must be deemed as having sent it out of play. 
 
 ((/) Be par'icularly stringent with regard to wilful fouls. Only 
 caution the players once and then enforce the penalty. 
 
 e£^ 
 
SPALDING S ATULF.Tir LIBRARY 
 
 AMERICAN RULES OF WATER POLO 
 
 ¥ 
 
 In the preceding pages the writer has sought to give a brief but 
 comprehensive history of the game of water polo, following that with 
 a description of the customary methods of play adopted by the best 
 players throughout the world, all of which will be found to be very 
 valuable advice to those who aspire to become good players; however. 
 as the new rules just adopted by the Amateur Athletic Union are 
 somewhat different from the English and Scotch rules, as well as a 
 decided improvement over the previous American rules, under which 
 all contests heretofore have been decided, we herewith append the 
 revised rules, feeling sure that, as previously stated, the advice given 
 as to the best methods of play in the various positions, will apply 
 very well for all future games played by amateur swimmers in this 
 country under these rules: 
 
 1. The ball shall be the regulation white rubber Association Foot 
 Ball, No. 3, not less than 8 inches nor more than 9 inches in diameter. 
 
 2. The goals shall be spaces 4 feet long and 12 inches wide, marked 
 " Goal " in large letters. One shall be placed at either end of the 
 tank, 18 inches above the water line, equally distant from either side. 
 
 3. To score a goal the goal must be touched by the ball in the hand 
 of an opposing player, and the greatest number of goals shall count 
 game. 
 
 4. The ball shall always be kept on or as near the surface of the 
 water as possible, and shall never be intentionally carried under 
 water. No goal shall be allowed when scored by under-water play. 
 
 5. The contesting teams shall consist of six a side, with one reserve 
 man, who can take the place of one of his side in case of disable- 
 ment only and receive prize if on winning side. 
 
 6. Time of play shall be eight (S) minutes actual play each way, 
 and five (5) minutes rest at half time. 
 
SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 7. The captains shall he playing memhers of teams they represent, 
 and shall toss for choice of ends of tank. The ends shall he changed 
 at half time. 
 
 8. The Referee shall throw the ball in the centre of the tank, and 
 the start for the ball shall be made only at the sound of the whistle. 
 
 9. The ball going out of the tank, it shall be returned to the place 
 it was thrown from, and given to the opposing team. 
 
 10. No player is allowed to interfere with an opponent unless such 
 opponent is in actual contact with the ball, or within 4 feet of it. 
 
 11. A mark shall be made 4 feet from each goal on the side of the 
 tank and a line drawn across. No player shall come within his oppo- 
 nent's goal line until the ball is put in play within it. 
 
 The goal-keepers of the side are alone exempt from this rule. 
 
 It shall be an off-side play to cross the line ahead of the ball, and 
 it shall be within the power of the referee to decide in such' case 
 whether the goal be fairly made or not. 
 
 12. Upon a goal being gained, the opposite teams shall go to their 
 own end of the tank and the ball shall be thrown by the referee into 
 the centre on play being resumed, but time so occupied shall not be 
 counted as in time of play. 
 
 13. Each team shall have two judges, one at each goal line, who, 
 upon goal being made, shall notify the referee, who shall blow a 
 whistle and announce the same. In case the goal judges disagree 
 the referee shall decide whether a goal be fairly made or not. 
 
 14. The referee shall decide all fouls, and if, in his opinion, a 
 player commits a foul, he shall caution the team for the f^rst offence, 
 and for the second the player making it shall be ordered out of the 
 water, remaining out until a goal has been scored. 
 
 15. The time occupied by disputes shall not be reckoned as in the 
 time of play. 
 
 16. When the ball is within the goal line, the goal-keepers shall 
 not be allowed any artificial support other than the bottom of the 
 tank. 
 
 17. Fouls— It shall be a foul to tackle an opponent if he does not 
 hold the ball, or is not within four feet of it. It shall be a foul to 
 hold a player by any part of his costume. Unnecessarily rough play 
 shall, within the discrimination of the referee, be considered a foul. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 It shall be a foul .o pu.h off from ends or sides of tank, or to touch 
 them except for the purpose of resting. 
 
 ,8 In case of a foul: After the team makmg the '°"' l^"/"" 
 
 !■' d hv the referee if the same team shall again offend, the 
 
 ::;::::!; nstnt'eam by givmg . goal to the opposing Sid. 
 
 ;; The officials shall consist of one referee, two tunekeepers, fcu= 
 
 goal judges, and one scorer. 
 
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 An invaluable device for learning to swim. 
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 JOHN J. McGRAW, 
 Manager New York B. B. Club. 
 In all my experience as a base hall player I have not 
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 Yours truly. JAMES J. CALLAHAN, 
 
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 I have played professional base ball for the last fifteen 
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 The Spalding Mushroom Bat, introduced by Jack Pickett, 
 receives my hearty endorsement. My experience as a ball 
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 In all of our experience as base ball players we have 
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(4 
 
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 By PROF. EDWARD B. WARMAN 
 
 ^-"T of .. i^z^s^-!^:^^r^r^Ci. 
 
 ■;°!f"lThe Vote"- o- to Train It, How to 
 S;f;rn-°H:w to Read, Recite a,uU,n- 
 
 personate. 
 
 A Complete Course of Physical Training 
 for Home Use-In Four Series. 
 
 No. i49-Spalding's Athletic Library. The 
 CARE OF THE BODY. Price ID Cents. 
 
 No 142 -Spalding's Athletic Library. 
 
 both sexes. Price lo cents. 
 
 No i66-Spalding's Athletic Library. In- 
 dian Club Exercises. Price lo cents. 
 
 AT t8c Smldina's Athletic Library. 
 T-TkalthInfluenc'ed by underwear; 
 
 Se\lT jrNELU^ENCED BY 1NSU,.TI0. , HeAXTH 
 
 Influenced by Color; Exercise- who 
 Needs Ij? Price lo cents. 
 
 These books form a complete course 
 desire a perfect body. 
 
 Sl BROS. 
 
 A C. SPALDING 
 
 Baltimore S," „i. 
 
 Minneapolis ^ ^ Denver 
 
 London, England 
 
 San Francisco 
 Kansas City 
 Montreal, Can, 
 
spalding's 
 Athletic Library 
 
 Spalding's Athletic Library is devoted to all athletic 
 sports and pastimes, indoor and outdoor, and is the 
 recognized American cyclopedia of sports. Each book 
 is complete in itself; and those sports that are governed 
 by National Associations always designate Spalding's 
 Athletic Library as the official publication. This gives 
 to each book the official authority to contain the rules. 
 Each year the books are brought up-to-date, with the 
 latest rules, new ideas, new pictures, and valuable 
 information, thus making the series the most valuable of 
 its kind in the world. The price, lo cents per copy, 
 places them in the reach of all, and no one's library 
 can be complete unless all numbers are found therein. 
 
ATHLETIC/^LIBRARY M 
 
 No. 12. Association Foot Ball. 
 
 Contains valuable information, diagram of play, and rules. 
 10 cents. 
 
 Price 
 
 tion 
 Pric 
 
 How to Play Hand Ball. 
 
 Bv the world's champion, Michael Egan of Jersey 
 Citv This book has been rewritten and brought up 
 to date in every particular. Every move is thoroughly 
 explained. The numerous illustrations consist of full 
 pages made from photographs of Champion Egan, 
 showing him in all his characteristic attitudes when 
 nlavinii These pictures were made exclusive y tor 
 This book and cannot be found in any other publica- 
 This is undoubtedly the best work on hand ball ever published, 
 e lo cents. 
 
 No. 14. Curling. 
 
 Rules, regulations and diagrams of play. Price lO cents. 
 
 No. 16. 
 
 How to Become a Skater. 
 
 By Geo D. Phillips, for years the American cham- 
 pion. Contains chapter for boys and advice for 
 beginners ; how to become a figure skater thoroughly 
 explained, with many diagrams showing how to do 
 all the different tricks of the best figure skaters, 
 including the Mohawk, with all its variations; C^ s, 
 .^ . . « . forward and backward, inside and outside; the cross- 
 ruts including the difficult Swedish style ; inside and outside spins ; 
 he gr pevine' with its numerous branches, and many other styles. 
 Which will be comparatively simple to any one who follows the direc 
 lions given. Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 23. Canoeing. 
 
 By C. Bowyer Vaux 
 and their uses. Price lo cents. 
 
 Paddling, sailing, cruising and racing canoes 
 
 No. 27. College Athletics. 
 
 M C Murphy, the well-known athletic 
 trainer, now with Yale University, the author 
 of this book, has written it especially for the 
 schoolboy and college man, but it is invaluable 
 for the athlete who wishes to excel in any branch 
 of athletic sport. Price lo cents. 
 
ATHLETIC 
 
 LIBRARY ^ 
 
 No. 29. 
 
 No. 40. 
 
 Exercising With Pulley Weights. 
 
 By Dr. Henry S. Anderson. In conjunction 
 with a chest machine anyone with this boolc can 
 become perfectly developed. Contains all the 
 various movements necessary to become proficient 
 and of well-developed physique. Thoroughly 
 explained and illustrated with numerous drawings. 
 Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 39. Lawn Bowls. 
 
 The ancient game, which has achieved 
 considerable popularity in America, is fully 
 described by Henry Chadwick. Contains 
 an account of the introduction of the game 
 in America and the official rules as promul- 
 gated by the Scottish Bowling Association. 
 Price lo cents. 
 Archery. 
 
 By T' S. Mitchel. An introductory chapter on 
 the use of the bow and arrow ; archery of the 
 present day ; the bow and how to use it, with 
 practical illustrations on the right and wrong 
 method of aiming. Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 55. Official Sporting Rules. 
 
 Contains rules for the government of many sports not found in 
 other publications ; wrestling, cross-country running, shuffleboard, 
 skating, snowshoeing, quoits, potato racing, professional racing, 
 racquets, pigeon flying, dog racing, pistol and revolver shooting. 
 Price lO cents. 
 
 No. 66. Technical Terms of Base 
 
 Ball. 
 Compiled by Henry Chadwick, the 
 "Father of Base Ball." It is one of 
 the most useful and instructive works 
 ever issued by the veteran writer. It is 
 valuable not only to the novice but also 
 to the expert. Price lo cents. 
 The Athletic Primer. 
 Edited by J. P2. Sullivan, Secretary-Treasurer 
 of the Amateur Athletic Union ; tells how to or- 
 ganize an athletic club, how to conduct an athletic 
 meeting, and gives rules for the government of 
 athletic meetings ; contents also include a very 
 instructive article on training ; fully illustrated. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 
ATHLETIC ^^iXlBRARY 
 
 No. 102. Ground Tumbling. , ■ i j- ,^r- 
 
 Rv Prof Henry Walter Worth, who was for years physical director 
 
 become a proticieni tumbler. Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 104. The Grading of Gymnastic Exercises. 
 
 town, Ohio. It ^% ^, ''°°'" '" p A „„],ool club, college, etc. It 
 
 Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 124. How to Become a Gymnast. 
 
 By Robert StoU, of the New York A. C, the 
 American champion on the flying rings from ] 885 
 Vo 1892. Any boy who frequents a gymnasium 
 or ^^?o lias a horizontal bar or parallel bars at his 
 command, can easily follow the illustrations and 
 instructions in this book and with a little practice 
 become proficient. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 126. Ice Hockey and Ice Polo. r.n.H. 
 
 ^^ Written by tlie most famous player in Canada, 
 
 A Farrell, of the Shamrock hockey team of Mon- 
 freal It is well worth perusal by any player of 
 the game. It contains a complete description o 
 t e game of hockey, its origin, points of a good 
 p ayfr, and a complete and instructive article on 
 >« how the game is played, with diagrams and the 
 
 Official rules. Illustrated witt pictures of leading teams. I nee 10 
 
 cents. 
 
 Wo. 128. 
 
 How to Row. ^ , 
 
 By E. T. Giannini, of the New York A. C, and one 
 of America's most famous amateur oarsmen and cham- 
 ^ons This book will instruct -^Y--. ^ ^ ;^^j J ^^ ^3 
 of rowing how to become an expert. ^^ is fully iHus 
 trated showing how to hold the oars, the finish of the 
 stroke and other information that will prove valuable to 
 the beginner. Price 10 cents. 
 
 , No. 129. Water Polo. ^. 1 a r 
 
 jr^^SmL=il} ^ Sundstrom, instructor at the New \ ork A. C. 
 
 -^^^ It uL^ of everydetail, the individual -orkof the p^^ 
 t ers The practice of the team, how to throw the ball, with 
 ' many illustrations and valuable hints. Price 10 cents. 
 
ATHLETIC^C^LIBRARY 
 
 No. 135. Official Handbook of the A.A.U. of the United States. 
 
 The A. A. U. is the governing body of ath- 
 letes in the United States of America, and all 
 games must be held under its rules, which are 
 exclusively published in this handbook, and a 
 copy should be in the hands of every athlete 
 and every club officer in America. This book 
 contains the official rules for running, jump- 
 ing, weight throwing, hurdling, pole vaulting, 
 swimming, boxing, wrestling, etc., and is an 
 encyclopedia in itself. Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 136. Official Y. M. C. A. Handbook. 
 
 Edited by G. T. Ilepbron, the well-known athletic 
 authority. It contains the official rules governing all 
 sports under the jurisdiction of the Y. M. C. A., a 
 complete report of the physical directors' conference, 
 official Y. M. C. A. scoring tables, pentathlon rules, 
 many pictures of the leading Y. M. C. A. athletes of 
 the country, and official Y. M. C. A. athletic rules. 
 Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 138. Official Croquet Guide. 
 
 Contains the official rules of the game, directions for playing and 
 diagrams of important strokes. Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 140. Wrestling. 
 
 Catch as catch can style. By E. H. Hitchcock, M. D., and R. F. 
 Nelligan, of Amherst College. The book contains illustrations of 
 the different holds, photographed especially so that anybody who de- 
 sires to become expert in wrestling can with little effort learn every 
 one. Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 142. Physical Training Simplified. 
 
 By Prof E. B. Warman, the well-known physical culture expert, is 
 a complete, thorough and practical book where the N^hole man is 
 considered — brain and body. By following the instructions no appa- 
 ratus is required to make the perfect body. The book is adapted for 
 both sexes. Fully illustrated. Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 143. Indian Clubs and Dumb-Bells. 
 
 Two of the most popular forms of home or gym- 
 nasium exercise. This book is written by America's 
 amateur champion club swinger, J. H. Dougherty. 
 It is clearly illustrated, by which any novice can be- 
 come an expert. Price lo cents. 
 
ATHLETIC 
 
 No. 149. The Care of the Body. 
 
 A book that all who value health should read and follow its instruc- 
 tions. By Prof. E. B. Warman. Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 152. Table Tennis. 
 
 The contents include the official rules and illustrations of the 
 various strokes, posed by experts. Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 154. Field Hockey. 
 
 To those in need of vigorous and health- 
 ful out-of-doors exercise, this game is 
 recommended highly. Its healthful attri- 
 butes are manifold and the interest of 
 player and spectator alike is kept active 
 throughout the progress of the game. 
 Can be played by either sex and occupies a 
 
 prominent place in the sports at Vassar, Smith, Wellesley, Bryn 
 
 Mavvr and other leading colleges. Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 156. The Athlete's Guide. 
 
 How to become an athlete. It contains full in- 
 structions for the beginner, telling how to sprint, 
 hurdle, jump and throw weights, general hints on 
 training; in fact, this book is one of the most com- 
 plete on the subject that has ever appeared. Special 
 chapters contain valuable advice to beginners, and 
 important A. A. U. rules and their explanations, 
 while the pictures comprise many exclusive scenes 
 showing champions in action. Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 157. How to Play Lawn Tennis. 
 
 A complete description of lawn tennis is 
 found in this book; a history of the game; 
 a lesson for beginners and directions telling 
 how to make every important stroke; how 
 to lay out a tennis court; illustrated from 
 photographs of leading players in action. 
 Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 158. Indoor and Outdoor Gymnastic Games. 
 
 Without question one of the best bocks of its kind ever publishea. 
 Compiled by Prof. A. M. Chesley, the well-known Y. M. C. A. phy- 
 sical director. It is a book that will prove valuable to indoor and 
 outdoor gymnasiums, schools, outings and gatherings where there are 
 a number to be amused. The book contains over loo games. Price 
 lo cents. 
 
ATHLETIC 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 No. 162. 
 
 No. 161. Ten Minutes' Exercise for Busy Men. 
 
 By Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, superintendent of phy- 
 sical training in the New York public schools. Anyone 
 who is looking for a concise and complete course of 
 physical education at home would do well to procure a 
 copy of this book. There will be no necessity for any- 
 one to apply for advice in order to become healthy and 
 athletic. Ten minutes' work as directed is exercise any- 
 one can follow. It already has had a large sale and has 
 been highly commended by all who have followed its instructions. 
 Price lo cents. 
 
 How to Become a Boxer. 
 
 For many years books have been issued on tha 
 art of boxing, but it has remained for us to ar- 
 range a book that we think is sure to fill all de- 
 mands. It contains over 70 pages of illustrations 
 showing all the latest blows, posed especially for 
 this book under the supervision of one of the best 
 instructors of boxing in the United States, who 
 makes a specialty of teaching and who knows how 
 to impart his knowledge. They are so arranged that any two boys 
 can easily become proficient boxers. The book also contains photo- 
 graphs of all the leading American boxeis, and ofhcial rules. No 
 boy should neglect to possess this book. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 165. The Art of Fencing. 
 
 Full instructions are given, with illustra- 
 tions, for becoming proficient with the foils. 
 Any boy can learn to become expert by 
 carefully studying this book. Price 10 
 cents. 
 
 No. 166. How to Swing Indian Clubs. 
 
 By Prof. E, B. Warman, the well-known exponent of 
 physical culture. The most complete work on this 
 special subject ever issued. By following the diagrams 
 carefully anyone can become an expert club swinger in a 
 short time, as the diagrams are very plainly and intelli- 
 gently drawn. Price 10 cents. 
 No. 167. Quoits. 
 
 By M. W. Deshong. The need of a book 
 on this interesting game has been felt by many 
 who wished to know the fine points and tricks 
 used by the experts. Mr. Deshong explains 
 them, with illustrations, so that a novice can 
 readily understand. Price 10 cents. 
 
^LIBRARY 
 
 No. 170. Push Ball. 
 
 Played with an air-inflated ball 6 feet in 
 diameter, weighing about 50 pounds. A side 
 consists of eleven men. The game has met 
 with instant favor, and now no school or 
 athletic club ^s complete without one. Price 
 10 cents. 
 
 No. 171. Basket Ball for Women. 
 
 Edited by Miss Senda Berenson, of Smith 
 College. Contains valuable information, spe- 
 cial articles, official rules, and photos of teams 
 of leading women's colleges and high schools, 
 "rice 10 cents. 
 
 How to Play Base Ba!J. 
 
 Edited by T. II. Murnane. The editor has obtained 
 from such well-known players as Lajoie, Kittridge, 
 Clarke, Cy Young, Willis, Callahan, Doyle, and other 
 equally prominent players, special articles telling just 
 how they play their respective positions. Over 50 
 full-page pictures of prominent players in action are 
 shown, and accurate photographs showing how to hold the fingers for 
 the various curves and drops. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 174. Distance and Cross Country Running. 
 By George Orton, the famous University of Penn- 
 sylvania runner. Tells how to become proficient 
 in these specialties, gives instructions for train- 
 ing, and is illustrated with many full-page pictures. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 Official intercollegiate A. A. Handbook. 
 
 Contains official rules that govern intercollegiate 
 events and all intercollegiate records records from 1876. 
 Any boy who expects to go to college and try for the 
 a,thletic team should be familar with these records. 
 Price 10 cents. 
 How to Swim. 
 
 By J. H. Sterrett, the leading authority on swim- 
 ming in America. The instructions will interest the 
 expert as well as the novice; the illustrations were 
 made from photographs especially posed, showing 
 the swimmer in clear water; a valuable feature is the 
 series of "land drill" exercises for the beginner, 
 which is illustrated by numerous drawings. Price 
 10 cents. 
 
^LIBRARY RSME 
 
 PHp; ATHLETIC 
 
 r^'o. 178. How to Train for Bicycling. 
 
 Gives methods of the best riders when train- 
 \\\Q for long or short distance races; hints on 
 training. Revised and up-to-date in every particu- 
 lar. Price lo cents. 
 
 Mo. 179. How to Play Golf. 
 
 No golfer should miss having a copy 
 of this golf guide. The photographic 
 interview Avith James Braid, open cham- 
 pion of England, is well worth perusal. 
 Harry Vardon tells how to play the 
 game, with lifelike illustrations show- 
 ing the different strokes. The book 
 also contains the revised official rules, 
 as well as pictures of many important players, and a directory giving 
 name, address, membership, dues and length of course of golf clubs 
 in the United States. Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 180. Ring Hockey. 
 
 A new game for the gymnasium, invented by Dr. J. M. Vorhees of 
 Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, that has sprung into instant popularity ; as 
 as exciting as basket ball Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 181. Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide. 
 
 Edited by Walter Camp. Contains the new 
 rules as recommended by the Rules Committee, 
 with diagram of field as newly arranged ; special 
 chapters on the game, Foot Ball for the Spectator, 
 , All-America Teams. Middle West Foot Ball, Foot 
 Ball West of Mississippi River, Southern Foot 
 Ball, Southwestern Foot Ball, Canadian Foot Ball, 
 records of teams, details of principal changes in rules, and pictures of 
 all the prominent teams, embracing nearly 3,000 players. Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 182. All Around Athletics. 
 
 Gives in full the method of scoring the Ail-Around 
 Championships, giving percentage tables showing what 
 each man receives for each performance in each of the 
 ten events. It contains as well instructive articles on 
 how to train for the All-Around Championship. Illus- 
 trated with many pictures of champions in action and 
 scenes at all-around meets. Price 10 cents. 
 
ATHLETIC 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 183. How to Play Foot Ball. 
 
 By Walter Camp. The contents embrace 
 everything that a beginner wants to know 
 and many points that an expert will be glad 
 to learn. Quarterback is described by 
 deSaulles, the famous Yale player ; how to 
 give signals is explained by Rockwell and 
 Hogan of the Yale team, who show with 
 many diagrams how the big teams make 
 their sensational plays; Lewis, the well-known Harvard player gives 
 instructions in the methods of defence, and William T. Reid, the 
 former Harvard fullback, tells of the duties of the backs. The pic- 
 tures are made from snapshots of the Yale, Harvard and Princeton 
 teams in action. Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 184. Official Basket Ball Guide. 
 
 Edited by George T. Hepbron. Contains the 
 revised official rules for 1904, decisions on dis- 
 puted points, records of prominent teams, reports 
 on the game from various parts of the country, 
 and pictures of hundreds of players. The stand- 
 ard basket ball annual of the country. Price lo 
 cents. 
 No. 185. Health Hints. 
 
 Health influenced by insulation ; health influenced by underwear ; 
 health influenced by color; exercise, who needs it? A series of 
 articles by Prof. E. B. Warman, the well known lecturer and authority 
 on physical culture. Price 10 cents. 
 
 No. 186. How to Become a Bowler. 
 
 By S. Karpf, Secretary of the American Bowling 
 Congress, and one of the best posted men on bowling 
 in America. A complete history of bowling 
 make an alley, hints for women bowlers, 
 rules ; illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
 No. 187. How to Play Roller Polo. 
 
 Edited by J. C. Morse. A full description of the game 
 rules ; pictures of teams ; other articles of interest. Price 10 cents. 
 No. 188. Lawn Hockey, Tether Tennis, Golf Croquet, Volley 
 Ball, Hand Tennis, Etc. 
 Containing the rules for each game. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
 No. 189. Rules for Games. 
 
 Compiled by Jessie H. Bancroft, director of physical training, de- 
 partment of education, New York City. Borough of Brooklyn. Ar 
 ranged especially for school use and adapted to large classes as well 
 as a few. Price 10 cents. 
 
 how to 
 official 
 
 official 
 
LIBRARY ^ 
 
 '^6 
 
 Ko. 190. Official Athletic Almanac. 
 
 Compiled by J. E. Sullivan, Secretary-Treasurer 
 of the Amateur Athletic Union. It is the only 
 annual publication issued now that contains a 
 complete list of amateur best-on-records ; com- 
 plete intercollegiate records ; complete English 
 records from 1866 ; swimming records ; inter- 
 scholastic records ; Irish, Scotch and Australasian 
 records ; reports of leading athletic meets in IQ03; 
 skating records ; important athletic events in 1903, 
 and numerous photos of individual athletes and leading athletic 
 teams. Price 10 cents. 
 No. 191. How to Punch the Bag. 
 
 By W. H. Rothvvell ("Young Corbett"), champion 
 featliervveight of the world. This book is undoubtedly 
 the best treatise on bag punching that has ever been 
 printed. Every variety of blow used in training is 
 shown and explained. The pictures comprise thirty- 
 three full page reproductions of Young Corbett as he 
 A . '< B^ appears while at work in his training quarters. The 
 V^ -iJ -^ photographs were taken by our special artist and 
 
 cannot be seen in any other publication than Spalding's Athletic 
 Library No, igi. Fancy bag punching is treated by W. Y . Keller, a 
 well known theatrical bag puncher, who shows the latest tricks in 
 fancy work. For those who wish to beco.-ne expert bag punchers 
 this book is invaluable. Price 10 cents. 
 No. 192. Indoor Base Ball. 
 
 America's national game is now vieing with 
 other indoor games as a winter pastime. This 
 book contains the playing rules, pictures of 
 leading teams, and interesting articles on the 
 game. M. S. Walker, of the West Division 
 H. S . Chicago, contributes an article on the 
 benefits of the game for women. Price lo 
 cents. 
 Play Basket Ball. 
 
 By G. T. Hepbron, editor of the Official Basket 
 Ball Guide. Contains full instructions for play- 
 ers, both for the expert and the novice, duties of 
 officials, and specially posed full page pictures 
 showing the correct and incorrect methods of 
 playing. The demand for a book of this charac- 
 ter is fully satisfied in this publication, as many 
 points are included which could not be incorpor- 
 ated in the annual publication of the Basket Ball 
 Guide for want of room. Price 10 cents. 
 
LIBRARY K 
 
 No. 194. Racquets, Squash-Racquets and Court Tennis. 
 
 The need of an authoritative handbook 
 at a popular price on these games is filled 
 by this book. How to play each game is 
 thoroughly explained, and all the difficult 
 strokes shown by special photographs 
 taken especially for this book. Contains 
 also the official rules. Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 196. 
 
 No. 195. Official Roque Guide. 
 
 The official publication of the National Roque 
 Association of America. Edited by Prof. Charles 
 Jacobus, ex-champion. Contains a description of the 
 courts and their construction, diagrams of the field, 
 illustrations, rules and valuable information concern- 
 ing the game of roque. Price lo cents. 
 
 Official Base Ball Guide. 
 
 Edited by Henry Chadwick, the 
 ♦* Father of Base Ball," the official 
 publication of bi:se ball. It contains 
 , a complete record of all leagues in 
 America, pictures of the champion 
 teams, official rules and reviews of 
 the game ; interesting information. 
 It is the standard base ball annual 
 cents. 
 
 No. 197, 
 
 Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual 
 
 Contains official statistics, photographs 
 of leading players, special articles on the 
 game, review of important tournaments, 
 official rules, handicapping rules and tables; 
 ''st of fixtures for the current year and 
 other valuable information. Price lo cents. 
 
 198, Spalding's Official Cricket Guide. 
 
 Edited by Jerome Flannery, formerly 
 proprietor of Flannery's American Cricket 
 Annual. Spalding's will be the most com- 
 plete year book of the game that has ever 
 been published in America It will contain 
 all the records of the previous year, reports 
 of special matches, official rules and pic- 
 tures of all the leading teams and individual 
 players. Price lo cents. 
 
MAY 1 7 190A 
 
 ilAlHLETIC 
 
 LIBRARY (' 
 
 199. Equestrian Polo Guide. 
 
 Compiled by H. L. FitzPatrick of the New 
 York Sun Illustrated with portraits of leading 
 players and contains much useful information for 
 polo players in relation to playing the game, 
 choosing of equipment, mounts, and the official 
 rules. Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 200. Dumb-bells. 
 
 This is undoubtedly the best work on dumb- 
 bells that has ever been offered. The author, 
 Mr. G. Bojus, of New York City, was for- 
 merly superintendent of physical culture in 
 the Elizabeth (N. J.) public schools, instructor 
 at Columbia University, and instructor for 
 four years at the Columbia summer school, 
 and is now with the Dr. Savage Normal In- 
 stitute of Physical Training in New York City. 
 The book contains 20o photographs of all the 
 various exercises, posed under the direct supervision of Mr. Bojus, 
 with the instructions on the opposite page in large, readable type. 
 It should be in the hands of every teacher and pupil of physical cul- 
 ture in the country, and is written and illustrated so clearly that 
 makes it invaluable for home exercise as well. Price lo cents. 
 
 No. 
 
 201. Lacrosse — From Candidate to Team. 
 
 By William C. Schmeisser, captain Johns Hop- 
 kins University champion intercollegiate lacrosse 
 team of 1902 ; edited by Ronald T. Abercrombie, 
 ex-captain and coach of Johns Hopkins Univer- 
 sity lacrosse team, iqoo-1904. Every position is 
 thoroughly explained in a most simple and concise 
 manner, rendering it the best manual of the game 
 ever published. Illustrated. Price to cents. 
 
 New issues of Spalding's Athletic Library are constantly being published— 
 some being revised and up-to-date numbers of the annual publications, others 
 being entirely new books on subjects not touched upon by any other publication. 
 Write for latest list of books. 
 
 The publishers of Spalding's Athletic Library will be glad to answer inquiries 
 on disputed points of play in athletic games, or will give any information desired— 
 where possible— in regard to laying out grounds, equipping gymnasiums, etc. 
 Address Spalding's Athletic Library, P. O. Box 611, New York. 
 
Spalding^s 
 Home Library 
 
 Devoted to Games and Amusements 
 for the Home Circle. 
 
 1 Chess 
 
 2 Whist 
 
 3 Dominoes and Dice 
 
 4 Poker 
 
 ^ 5 Backgammoo 
 
 6 Euchre 
 
 7 Billiards 
 
 8 Ecarte 
 
 9 Checkers 
 JO Be^ique 
 n Pool 
 
 12 Pinochle 
 
 13 Lotto 
 
 J 4 Hearts 
 
 15 Reversi 
 
 16 
 J7 
 18 
 J9 
 20 
 2t 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
 Piqtiet 
 
 Go-Bang 
 
 Games of Patience 
 
 Children's Games 
 
 Cribbage 
 
 Drawing Room Games 
 
 Group of Card Games 
 
 Children's Games 
 
 Group of Card Games 
 
 Drawing Room Games 
 
 Group of Card Games 
 
 Children's Games 
 
 Skat 
 
 Drawing Room Games 
 
 Baccarat 
 
 PRICE TEN CENTS PER COPY 
 
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 Boston 
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This is a fac-simile of the grand prize awarded to A. G. Spalding & Bros, for the 
 finest and most complete line of athletic goods exhibited at the Universal Expo- 
 sition, Paris, 1900. We have brought this medal to America in competition with 
 the leading makers of the world. It is the highest award given for any exhibit 
 and is exclusively granted for the best goods in that particular class. 
 
 Spalding's Athletic Goods were used exclusively in all the athletic events in the 
 Stadium of the Pan-American Exposition in 1901. Spalding's Athletic Goods are 
 standard of quality and officially recognized as such by the leading governing 
 
 bodies. 
 
 The Spalding Official League Base Ball, Intercollegiate Foot Ball, 
 
 Gaelic Foot Ball, Association Foot Ball, Basket Ball, Indoor Base 
 
 Ball, Polo Ball, Boxing Gloves, Athletic Implements. 
 
 lRJa'05