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 Twentieth Century Butfalo. 
 
 PART ONE. 
 
 Edition of 1902-190^ 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 EDITION OF 1902-1903. 
 
 CONTENTS OF PART ONE. 
 
 The Municipality — The City Government — City Department — State Normal School — Park 
 System — Grade Crossing Improvements — Weather Bureau — Federal Building, Departments 
 AND Officials — The Erie Canal^The Judiciary — Legislative — Erie County Officials — 
 Good Roads — National Guard — Pan-American Exposition — Buffalo's Population — Libraries 
 — Associations — Art, Science, and History — Benevolent and Religious Organizations — 
 Clubs and Societies — G. A. R.— The Fraternities — Labor Organizations — Fraternal 
 Beneficiary Organizations — City Franchise Valuations — The Merchants' Exchange — 
 The Builders' Exchange — Credit Men's Association — Representatives of the Professions — 
 Newspapers ^Representatives of the People — Erie Canal, Additional^ Department of 
 Public Works — The City's Gas Supply — Postscript. 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Aldermen. 190:>.19U3 13 
 
 Ancient Order of United Workmen 97 
 
 Appropriations. 1901, 190*2 17 
 
 Assemoly. Members of, • ■ 53, 149 
 
 Assessment. Department of. City 13, 1.55 
 
 Auditor's Department. City 11 
 
 Bar Association 159 
 
 Beautifying Buftalo, Society 160 
 
 Builders' Exchange Ill 
 
 Buildings, City, expenses of 153 
 
 Catholic Mutual Benefit Association 97 
 
 Cemeteries 87 
 
 Charitv Organization Societies 83 
 
 Chess Club, 157 
 
 Christian Endeavor 160 
 
 Church Home 85 
 
 City and County Hall. Trustees, 13 
 
 City Clerk's Department 13 
 
 City Government. Departments. 17 
 
 Civil Service Commission 13, IGO 
 
 Civil Service Reform Association 83 
 
 Clubs, 87, 157 
 
 Colonial Wars. Society of, 81 
 
 Common Council, 19()5 13 
 
 Comptroller's Department, City 11 
 
 Consumption. Prevention Society 85 
 
 Councilmen. 1902. 1903, 13 
 
 Count v House 91 
 
 County. Uttices and Officers 55. 57. 143 
 
 Credit Men's Association Ill 
 
 Crematorv 87 
 
 Custom House, U. S 39 
 
 Customs Duties 39 
 
 Deaconesses' Home 85 
 
 Departments. City ^ . . 11 
 
 Dredging, Buffalo River 1.53 
 
 Eagles. Order of 95 
 
 Education. Department of :i3. 159 
 
 Elks. B. P. t» 95 
 
 Engineers and Inspectors. City 13 
 
 Epwortli League 160 
 
 Erie Canal 47, 151 
 
 Erie County. Description of 55 
 
 Excise Department. State 33 
 
 Explanatory, by the Compiler 5 
 
 Federal Departments. 37 
 
 Finance Department. City 17 
 
 Fine Arts .Academy 75 
 
 Fire Department, City 13, :.»9 
 
 Franchise \'aIuations. City 107 
 
 Freemasonry 93 
 
 Fresh Air Mission 83 
 
 P.AGE. 
 
 Gas Supply, manufactured, coal and acetylene 153 
 
 Genealogical Society 81 
 
 German- Americans, 65 
 
 Good Roads, in Erie County, 59 
 
 Grade Crossing, Commissioners, 13 
 
 Grade Crossing Improvements 31, 160 
 
 Grand Army of the Republic 91 
 
 Grand Island Clubs 89 
 
 Grosvenor Library, 73 
 
 Harbor. Buftalo, U. S. 41 
 
 Harbor Commission, 43 
 
 Harbor Master i;i 
 
 Health Department. City 11. 19 
 
 High School Alumni Association '. -25 
 
 Historical Society 79 
 
 Home for the Friendless, ,S5 
 
 Hospitals S5 
 
 Ingleside Home ,S5 
 
 Internal Revenue Department 47 
 
 Iroquois. Order of, 99 
 
 Italian-,-\mericans 69 
 
 Jail, County 91 
 
 Judiciary Department. City 13 
 
 Judiciary, Eighth District 49 
 
 Jurors. Commissioners of 13 
 
 Kennel Club 100 
 
 Knights of Maccabees, 97 
 
 Knights of Pythias 95 
 
 Labor Organizations 95 
 
 Landmarks Association. Niagara Frontier 81 
 
 Law Department. City, 11 
 
 Lawyers' Club 157 
 
 Legislative, 51 
 
 Libraries of Buffalo. 7;i 
 
 Licenses. City, cost of 15 
 
 Life Saving Corps, 85 
 
 Markets. Department of 18, 89 
 
 Mayor's Department 11 
 
 Mayors of Buffalo, 15 
 
 McKinley Monument Commission 31 
 
 Merchants' Exchange 109 
 
 Municipality, how organized, 11 
 
 National Guard, State 61 
 
 Natural Sciences. Society of 77 
 
 Neighborhood House Association 85 
 
 Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Home 85 
 
 Normal School. State "-^7. 157 
 
 Odd Fellowship 93 
 
 Orphan Asylum. Butialo, 85 
 
 Outing Associations 89 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 INDEX.— ( Contimieif. ) 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Pan-American Exposition G;^ 
 
 Park Commissioners 13 
 
 Park System 29 
 
 Pitriotic Organization 91, 107 
 
 Penitentiary 91 
 
 Pension Agency. United States 45 
 
 Places of Amusement, 85 
 
 Places of Worship, 89 
 
 Police Department. City 13, 29 
 
 Polish-Americans 07 
 
 Poor Department, City, 11 
 
 Population Statistics tiotx Supervisors. Board of, llii>2 
 
 Post-Office, United States 43.157 ^ " - • ■ -- 
 
 Prevention of Cruelty. Society for 85 
 
 Public Instruction. Department of. Citv 11 
 
 Public Library 73. 157 
 
 Public Schools 23. 15!i 
 
 Public Works, Department of. City . n, 19. 151 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 School Examiners, Board of 23 
 
 Select Knights. Order of 99 
 
 Senators. State, 53, 143 
 
 Sewers. City, 155 
 
 Societies. County 87 
 
 Society for Beautifying Schools 27 
 
 Sons of the Revolution. 107 
 
 Sporting Associations 89 
 
 State Normal School 27, 153 
 
 State Tax Rate ,55 
 
 Streets. Citv 151 
 
 Supreme Court. Eighth District. 
 
 Theaters 
 
 Treasurer's Office. City. 
 
 49 
 
 11 
 
 Retrospective and Prospective. J. N. Lamed. 
 
 Revision of Taxes. Committee 
 
 Royal Arcanum 
 
 Royal Templars of Temperance 
 
 .".3 
 99 
 99 
 
 St. Louis Exposition, Commissioners. 
 
 Sanitary Laboratory. City 
 
 School Association 
 
 Hir 
 21 
 
 University of Buffalo 83,153 
 
 Water. Supplv, City 151 
 
 Weather Bureau. United Slates 33 
 
 Weights and Measures. Sealers of 13 
 
 Women's Union 75 
 
 Vacht Club. Buffalo. IfiO 
 
 Young Men's Christian .Association, 73 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Electra. the Spirit of Niagara 2 
 
 Views in Delaware Park 4 
 
 Map of Niagara Frontier 6 
 
 Harbor and Water Front. 7 
 
 Niagara Square, .S 
 
 Citv and County Building U 
 
 Lafayette High' School 2S 
 
 Map of Grade Crossing Improvements 3(i 
 
 Buffalo Harbor .^ 
 
 Post-Office. Custom House 37 
 
 A Memory of 191)1, 58 
 
 New Armorv. 6.5th Reg., N. G. N. V., til 
 
 New V. M. C. A. Building 72 
 
 Albright Art Gallery (two views 1 74 
 
 Historical Society Building 79 
 
 Builders' Exchange (group) 112 
 
 PORTRAITS. 
 
 Mayor, E. C. Knight iv 
 
 City Officials 10 
 
 Dr. VV. D. Greene li 
 
 Pascal P. Pratt 1-J 
 
 William H. Walker 10 
 
 William Hengerer, IS 
 
 Dr. William G. Bissell 80 
 
 Henrv P. Emerson 22 
 
 Arthur W. Hickman 24 
 
 Dr. James M. Cassety. 26 
 
 Herman J.Kreinheder 82 
 
 Henrv VV. Brendel 36 
 
 William H. Bradish 38 
 
 Henry S. Hill 40 
 
 Fred Greiner 42 
 
 Charles A. Orr 44 
 
 George A. Davis 4tj 
 
 Truman C. Wliite 48 
 
 Roliert C. Titus M 
 
 Loren L. Lewis. ■")2 
 
 William H. Daniels j>4 
 
 Louis W. Marcus 56 
 
 Lauren W. Pettebone 00 
 
 Samuel M. Welsh, Jr 62 
 
 Fred C. M. Lautz M 
 
 Dr. Francis E. Fronczak 66 
 
 Giovanni Bancheiti 68 
 
 Dr. Charles R. Borzileri TO 
 
 T. Guilford Smith 76 
 
 Dr. Lee H. Smith 78 
 
 George .Alfred Stringer 80 
 
 .Anslev Wilcox ^2 
 
 Edward P. Heals 8,5 
 
 John J. McWilliams . . . . 86 
 
 Ballard I. Crooker. . . ... 88 
 
 Joseph E. flwell. G. A. R 90 
 
 Dr. Joseph Fowler, F. A. M., . . .... 92 
 
 Albert J. Sigman. L O. O. F... .... 94 
 
 John J. Hvnes, C. M. B. A 96 
 
 A. C. Harwick, A. O. U. W 98 
 
 Dr. A. H. Briggs, A. O. U. W 98 
 
 J. B. McDannell, K. O. T. M .100 
 
 I. E. Dewey, K. O. T. M 101 
 
 Esbon B. Rew, R. T. of T 102 
 
 George K. Staples. U. S. K 103 
 
 J. Y. Bicknell. R. A 104 
 
 W. A. Rice. O. of 1 105 
 
 Dr. Joseph T. Cook 106 
 
 George \\'. Farnham 108 
 
 Alfred H. Burt 110 
 
 Groiij)— Builders' Exchange 112 
 
 !ohn G. .Milburn 114 
 
 Charles A. Pooley 116 
 
 George Wadsworth 117 
 
 Willard H. Ticknor 118 
 
 Herbert P. Bissell 119 
 
 J. A. \an Arsdale 120 
 
 W. B.Wright, Jr 121 
 
 Frank S, Sidway 122 
 
 James Sangster 123 
 
 George Metzger 124 
 
 Robert I. Reidpath 125 
 
 Alfred E. Baxter 126 
 
 Richard Radley 127 
 
 George A. Ricker, 128 
 
 John A. Miller 129 
 
 Dr. I. T. Pitkin i:i0 
 
 Dr. lames T. Kinsler in 
 
 W. A. Crawford, D. O i:« 
 
 W. W. Steele, D. 134 
 
 Edward G. Erbst. D. 1:J5 
 
 C. W. Proctor. D. 136 
 
 William F. Gelston i:j7 
 
 H. W. Bush 138 
 
 Edward H. Butler 140 
 
 De Alva S. Alexander 142 
 
 John Cunneen 144 
 
 Henry W. Hill 145 
 
 Robert Lynn Cox 146 
 
 Charles \\'. Hinson, 147 
 
 Edward E. Coatsworth 148 
 
 Edward K. Eiuery 1.50 
 
 William S. Riselay, 152 
 
 George P. Rose. 1.54 
 
 Thomas F, Crowley 156 
 
 Harrison N. Vedder, 158 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 HON. EKASTUS C. KNIGHT. 
 Mayor of Buftalo, Came into office January 1, 1902. Term expires December 31, 1905. 
 
ELECTRA, THE SPIRIT OF NIAGARA 
 Suggesting the misl.tv potentialities of the great cataract in connection with t/.e industrial development of 
 
 Twentieth Century Buffalo. 
 
 (I-rom the Illustraled liuffalo Kxpiess. l:y courtesy of llic I, N. Matthews Co.) 
 
Edition of 1902. 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY 
 
 BUFFALO 
 
 AN ILLUSTRATED COMPENDIUM 
 
 OF HER 
 
 MUNICIPAL, FINANCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, COM- 
 MERCIAL, AND GENERAL PUBLIC INTERESTS. 
 
 Prepared hy RICHMOND C. HILL. 
 
 PUBLISHED ANNUALLY IN BEHALF OF THE 
 
 Municipalitv, A-Ierchants, Li\e Stock, Produce, Lumber, and Builders' Exchanges; 
 
 Bankers', Credit Men's, and Business Men's Associations; 
 
 Manufacturers' and Transportation Clubs; Fraternal, Historical, Fine Arts, 
 
 Natural Sciences, and other Societies and Public Organizations and 
 
 Institutions of the City of Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Boole made at the 
 
 Matthews-Northrup Works of the J. N. Matthews Co., 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 1902. 
 
 Copyright, 190Z, by Richmond C. Hill. 
 
gb^^ 
 
 F,^ 
 
X- 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO — EXPLANATORY. 
 
 The dominant purpose of this publication is to provide in a convenient form continually 
 desired information relating to the m\inicipal, commercial, industrial, financial, educational, 
 professional, and other public affairs of the city of Buffalo, combining the recjuisite data of an 
 official and business directory with the facts and figures of a complete civic record. 
 
 The need for such a comprehensive and reliable book of reference has long been felt, but 
 the necessity has more and more imjjressed itself upon the community as the city has grown and 
 developed in such a remarkable manner in recent years. In its pages not only is information 
 of especial value to the business and jirofessional men and women of Buffalo furnished, but its 
 general contents are also of a character intended to impress the outsider with a commensurate 
 sense of the high quality of the commercial and residential attractions and advantages of the 
 city. It is likewise a valuable record of long established institutions and of new enterprises, 
 and, furthermore, an epitome of the factors which have contributed to and which will serve to 
 maintain Buffalo's prestige and to assure her permanent prosperity. 
 
 The introduction of portraits and illustrations add to the artistic attractivene.ss of the book, 
 and the descriptive matter relating to individuals, institutions, and business enterprises consti- 
 tute a welcome feature in comparison with the bald and formal classification of ordinary direct- 
 ories. 
 
 The information given and the statistics presented are all derived from official sources, and 
 
 are, therefore, accurate and to be relied ujjon. 
 
 RICHMOND C. HILL. 
 
 Buffalo, December, 1902. 
 
MAP OF THE 
 
 NIAGARA FRONTIER 
 
 DRAWN FOR 
 
 20TH CENTURY BUFFALO." 
 
 GEORGE A. BICKER. CE. 
 
 BUFFALO.NV. 
 
 ...1902... 
 
 CO^^HiO-T I90 3 sv R Chill ^ GtORCl A R-Cii 
 
 EXPLANATION OF Signs 
 
TWENTIETH CENTUKV BUFFALO. — HER HARBOR AND WATER FRONT. 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO— RETROSPECTIVE 
 
 AND PROSPECTIVE. 
 
 That Buffalo will continue to expand in importance as an industrial center and vastly 
 increase her commercial opportunities cannot reasonably be questioned. The evidence rep- 
 sented thus early in the Twentieth Century are conclusive. Thoughtful minds and careful 
 observers have often in the past predicted " a great future for the Queen City of the Lakes " ; 
 but a realization of those prophecies has at times seemed tardy, if not doubtful. The ordinary 
 citizen, engrossed in his business affairs, is inclined to indifference, and the casual critic is 
 often too hasty in formulating an opinion to correctly estimate the growth and development of 
 a community. How many people, longtime residents, are there who declare that Buffalo is not 
 a progressive city, that its citizens lack enterprise, and that public spirit is conspicuous by its 
 absence ? Doubtless, there have been sporadic cases of lack of public zeal and occasional 
 instances of a subordination of public good to private and selfish interests, but it is as a whole 
 that the progress of the city should be fairly and properly estimated. 
 
 The growth and material prosperity of many American cities, especially during the past 
 quarter of a century, has been prodigious. Has Buffalo any just reason for feeling a sense of 
 inferiority should comparisons be made ? Certainly not. Other cities may boast of a vast 
 increase in population and of tremendous public improvements. Buffalo should not feel 
 abashed. Those who are inclined to carp should pause and cogitate a little. They should reflect 
 upon the change that has come over the community within two decades. They should turn 
 their thoughts backward to the time of the intermittent system — or want of it — of the horse 
 cars on our street railways ; of ill-paved, cobble-stoned, and dirty streets ; of dingy and circum- 
 scribed office buildings ; of a gloomy and inconvenient post-olifice ; of the daily catastrophies 
 on the railroad crossings at grade ; of the poor sewerage and the inadequate water supply, and 
 
 7 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 [ 5 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 9 
 
 to a score of other evils with which the community was afflicted in those more or less good old 
 days. They should then look around dispassionately and survey the advantages enjoyed by 
 Twentieth Century Buffalo, and afterward calmly declare wherein and in what way she is 
 lacking that which other cities of a like importance possess. Such a declaration can be neither 
 vigorous nor comprehensive. 
 
 The retrospect should be as convincing as the prospect is encouraging. The imjjortance of 
 Buffalo as a commercial and industrial center is probably far better appreciated abroad than at 
 home. How highly she is esteemed and how greatly her advantages are appreciated is shown 
 by the opinions freely expressed by experienced and disinterested outsiders. President F. D. 
 Underwood of the Erie Railroad recently gave public expression to his views on the subject. 
 He said : 
 
 " Before long Buffalo will have a population of half a million. It is destined, I believe, 
 that there shall be three great cities on the lakes. Chicago is one, of course, Buffalo will be 
 another, and the third will be at the head of Lake Superior. Buffalo has splendid advantages 
 in many ways, and they are bound to be availed of. Its geographical situation is admirable 
 and its climatic conditions among the best. It is a break-bulk point in shipping, and will 
 surely become a great manufacturing center. The steel plant that is being established is an 
 indication that men with manufacturing plants to establish recognize the advantages of Buffalo. 
 These were recognized before that plant was brought here. For many years I have said that 
 Buffalo was bound to grow great, and I find evidences of it all the time. Its manufactures are 
 sure to spread. With the great power of Niagara brought to the doorstep of every manufac- 
 turer, the city in that respect towers over many others. Buffalo ought to have a mighty mill- 
 ing industry before many years. Its situation is right for that. And before long, too, I look 
 to see a regeneration of the farming interests of the East. The day of range cattle is passing. 
 Within a few years the farms of New York and the Middle West will regain the prestige they 
 have lost. They will be occupied and worked, and worked more successfully than in early 
 years. I expect that before long the beef eaten in the Eastern cities like Buffalo will be 
 grown within a hundred miles of such centers of population like Buffalo. The farms will be 
 used for raising beef for market and dairy products. Many thousands of acres of farmland 
 will be used for wheat growing again, and this country has some of the best wheat land in the 
 world. It has lain idle for some years and become better soil all the time. There is a reaction 
 coming in agriculture in this part of the country, and I look to see Buffalo gain materially 
 when farming in the East booms again." 
 
 The gratifying signs of Buffalo's intelligent progress are by no means confined to those 
 which mark her prospective industrial and commercial aggrandizement. On every hand there 
 are abundant evidences that in her social, professional, and artistic life there will be a coequal 
 development and improvement. The community is unquestionably manifesting a broader com- 
 prehension and a stronger desire for the better class of literature and the higher orders of art. 
 There is a growing sentiment in favor of scientific attainment and liberal education. 'J'he 
 future of Twentieth Century Buffalo will be dominated in due course by those beneficent 
 influences which environ the youth of to-day, who are hereafter to take their places as citizens 
 and matrons, and carry on the work of development and improvement in the various branches 
 of public life. 
 
 The compiler of this publication will, without doubt, present ample testimony as to the 
 present importance of Twentieth Century Buffalo. His testimony of itself should serve as a 
 very suggestive indication as to the probabilities of the future. 
 
 N. L.A.RNED. 
 
 December, 1902. 
 
10 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 11 
 
 CllV AMI t_i>t.NI'i lailt'l-NO. 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO— THE 
 MUNICIPALITY. 
 
 The town of Buffalo was created in 1810, by Act of Legislature, and included what is now 
 known as (Irand Island, Tonawanda, Amherst, Cheektowaga, the north part of West' Seneca, 
 and the city of Buffalo. A village charter was granted in 1813, amended in 1822. The city 
 of Buffalo was created in IS-V2. The city government is controlled by the Revised Charter, 
 which became law in 1892, and which has been amended from year to year in minor particulars. 
 The Board of Aldermen originates all legislation and the Board of Councilmen act as a board 
 of review. Jointly, the two bodies constitute the Common Council. The Mayor is the chief 
 executive officer with \eto power, which can be overridden by eighteen votes of the Aldermen 
 and seven votes of the Councilmen. The city officials are as follows, the figures given after 
 each name indicating the year at the end of which the different terms of office e.\pire, unless 
 otherwise specified, and the salaries received : 
 
 Mayor's Department : 
 
 Mayor, Erastus C. Knight, 190.5, fS.OOO ; Secretavy, 
 Frank \V. Hinkley, $2,000 ; License Clerk, Frank 
 Kuszkiewicz. 
 
 COMPTKOLI.EK'S OfUCE : 
 
 Comptroller, Frederick W. M. Heerwagen, 190.5, 
 f 4,000; Deputy, Frank T. Moulton, i{!2,000. 
 
 Auditor's Department : 
 
 Auditor, Anseliii J. Smith, $2,000 ; Assistant, Joseph 
 M. Gleason. 
 
 Treasurer's Office : 
 
 Treasurer, Adam Boeckel, 1903, $5,000 ; Deputy, 
 Frank J. Stafford. 
 
 Department of Law : 
 
 Corporation Counsel, Charles L. Feldman, 1905, 
 $5,000; Attorney, Edward L. Jung, $3,000 ; Assistant 
 Attorney, Percy S. Landsdowne, $2, .500. 
 
 Department of Public Works : 
 
 Commissioner, Francis G. Ward, 1903, $5,000 ; Sec- 
 retary, R. G. Parsons, $2, .500 ; Deputy Engineer, 
 Charles M. Morse, $3,000; Deputy Water Commis- 
 sioner, Henry L. Lyon, $3,000 ; Deputy Street Com- 
 missioner, Patrick J. Kennedy, $3,000 ; Deputy Build- 
 ing Commissioner, Henry Rumnll, Jr., $3,000, 
 
 Department of Health : 
 
 Health Commissioner, W'alter D. Greene, M. D. , 
 1906, $4,000 ; Assistant Health Ofhcer, Edward Clark, 
 M. D., $2,000 ; Clerk, August Schneider, $1,500. 
 
 Department of Puislic Instruction : 
 
 Superintendent of Education, Henry P. Emerson, 
 1903, $5,000 ; Secretary, Matthew J. Chemnitz, 
 $2,. 500. 
 
 Department of Poor : 
 
 Overseer, Louis J. Kenngott, 1905, .?3,500. 
 
12 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 WALTER D. GREENE. M. D. 
 
 Health Commissioner of the City of Butfjjo. Successful Physician and Surgeon. Honored member of many professional 
 
 and social societies. Prominent in Masonic circles, especially among the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. 
 
 See Chapter Representative Citizens. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 13 
 
 Department ok Assessment : 
 
 Assessors — Thomas F. Crowley, Chairman, 1003 ; 
 Albert H. Beyer, Secvetar\-, 1905'; Edward G. Volz. 
 1905 ; George Stauber, 1903 ; Nicholas T- Mock, 1905 
 — each, $3,500. 
 
 City Clerk's Dei'Artmest : 
 
 City Clerk, Charles F. Siisdorf, 1904, $2,500 ; Dep- 
 uty, David N. Evans, $2,000. 
 
 Department of Fire : 
 
 Chief, Bernard J. McConnell, $3,000 ; Commis- 
 sioners — John F/ Malone, President, 1903 ; William S. 
 Grattan, 1902 ; William Person, 1904 — $5 per session. 
 
 Department of Police: 
 
 Superintendent, William S. Bull, $3,500; Assistant, 
 Patrick V. Cusack, $2,500; Commissioners — Charles 
 A. Rupp, 1906, $2,500 ; John H. Cooper, 1905, $2,500 ; 
 and the Mayor, ex-officio, $500 ; Clerk James A. Tag- 
 gen, $1,500. 
 
 Harbor. 
 
 Harbor Master, John J. Burns, 1903, $1,200. 
 
 Department of Parks : 
 
 Commissioners — William Hengerer, Chairman, 1904 ; 
 Charles Mosier. 1903 ; William A. Joyce. 1906 ; Frank 
 H. Goodyear, 1905 ; George Ginther, 1902. Superin- 
 tendent, John L. Brothers, $3,000 and residence. 
 
 Jurors : 
 
 Commissioner of Jurors, Willis H. Meads, $.3,500; 
 deputy, Henry H. Seymour, $2,500. 
 
 City and County Hall: 
 
 Trustees — Lyman M. Baker, chairman ; Wadsworth 
 J. Zittel, F. R. Whaley, John G. Milburn. Amos H. 
 Bjker, Henry V. Bisgood ; Secretary, Carl T. Chester ; 
 Superintendent, W. F. Fisher. 
 
 Civil Service Commission : 
 
 Charles B. Wheeler, Chairman ; Henry W. Sprague, 
 George .■\. Ricker, Dr. Thomas Crowe, J. R. Moynihan, 
 B. Connors, Joseph B. Ewell. 
 
 municipal building, across DELAWARE AVENUE FROM CITY AND COUNTY BUILDING. 
 
 Sealer of Weights and Measures : 
 
 Chief, Michael Callahan, 1902, $2,000. 
 
 Judiciary Department : 
 
 Municipal Court Judges — Louis Braunlein, 1903; 
 Otto W. \olger, 1905, $4,000 each ; Clerk, Harry C. 
 Green, $1,300 ; Police Court Justice, Thomas Murphy, 
 1903, $5,000 ; clerk, (leorge E. Rankin, $1,200. 
 Justices of the Peace — Thomas H. Rochford, 1903, 
 $1,800 : Henry Lnewer, 1905, $1,800 ; Fred A. Van 
 Natter, 1905, $1,800. 
 
 Department of Markets : 
 Clerk, Edward Dickman, $1,800. 
 
 Engineers and Inspectors : 
 
 Examiner of Stationary Engines, Edward T. Law- 
 ler, .f 1,.500 ; Inspector of Steam Boilers, George 
 Glaeser, $1,500; Board of Plumbers and Plumbing — 
 Joseph Irr, Chairman, 1903 ; Dean Wilson, Chief In- 
 spector ; William Ebbs, Secretary and Treasurer ; Oil 
 Inspector, Michael J. Noonan. 
 
 Grade Crossing Commission : 
 
 Robert B. Adam, Chairman ; John B. Weber, "Secre- 
 tary ; F. Kendall, Edward H. Batler, A. F. Scheu, 
 C. A. Sweet, James Ryan, H. D. Kirkover ; Attorney, 
 Spencer Clinton ; Engineer, Edward B. Guthrie, $4,000. 
 
 Common Council : 
 
 Charles F. Dunbar, President. 
 
 Councilmen — Simon F'leischman. President. 1903 ; 
 Tames .\sh. 1905 ; Charles F. Dunbar, 1903 ; Christian 
 klinck, 1903 ; William E. Kremer, 1903 ; Henry C. 
 Ladd, 1905 ; John J. Smith, 1903 ; Henry C. S'teul, 
 1903 ; Thomas Stoddart, 1905 ; $1,000 each. 
 
 Aldermen, 1903 — Frank Maischoss, 21st Ward, 
 President. 1st Ward. Jeremiah Gorman ; 2d Ward, 
 John P. Sullivan ; 3d Ward, Joseph Butler ; 4th 
 Ward. John J. Collins ; 5th Ward. William J. Holmes ; 
 6th Ward, Henry Moest ; 7th Ward. John Huster ; 
 8th Ward. Louis G. Roedel ; 9th Ward, (leorge Wei- 
 ner ; 10 h Ward, Joseph W. \\a\z ; 11th Ward, fames 
 Smith ; Pith Ward, Louis H. Mullenhoff; 13th Ward, 
 
14 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 PASCAL PAOLl PRATT. 
 
 Merchant. Manufacturer, Banker, and public spirited Business Man. Many years President of tlie Manufacturers 
 
 and Traders Bank. E.xtensively interested in railroad and other important enterprises. 
 
 See Chapter Representative Citizens. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 15 
 
 John Kick ; 14th Ward, Ernest Wedekindt : 15th 
 Ward, Joseph Hassler ; 16th Ward, Edward C. Beiser ; 
 17th Ward, Henry Landsheft ; 18th Ward, George 
 l.oeller; 19th Ward, John J. Kennedy; 20(h Ward, 
 lolin Martin ; 21st Ward, Frank Maischoss ; 22d 
 "Ward, John O. Manning ; 23d Ward. Neil Mc- 
 Eachren ; 24th Ward. Janies N. Adam ; 2.5lh Ward, J. 
 Thomas Harp — .*1,0U0 each. 
 
 Official Paper — "Yhe Buffalo A'iTwt~:u. Official Print- 
 ers — Wenborne- Sumner Company. 
 
 Mayors of Buffalo : 
 
 1832, Ebenezer Johnson ; 1833, Major A. Adams ; 
 1!S34, Ebenezer Johnson ; 183.5, Hiram Pratt ; 1836, 
 Samuel Wilkinson ; 1837, Joseph Trowbridge, Pierre 
 A. Baker ; 1838, Ebenezer Walden ; 1839, Hiram 
 Pratt ; 1840, Sheldon Thompson, first mayor elected by 
 
 popular vote ; 1841, Isaac R. Harrington ; 1842, George 
 W. Clinton ; 1843, Joseph G. Masten ; 1844, William 
 Ketchum ; 1845, Joseph G. Masten ; 1846, Solomon 
 G. Haven: 1847, "Elbridge G. Spaulding ; 1848, Or- 
 lando Allen ; 1849, Hiram Barton ; 18.50, Henry K. 
 Smith ; 1851, lames Wadsworth ; 1852, Hiram Bar- 
 ton ; 1853-55, Eli Cook ; 1856-57, Frederick P. Ste- 
 vens ; 1858-59, Timothy T. Lockwood ; 1860-61, 
 Franklin A. Alberger ; 1862-65, William G. Fargo ; 
 1866 67, Chandler J. Wells; 1868-69, William F. 
 Rogers ; 1870-73, Alexander Brush ; 1874-76, Louis 
 P. Dayton ; 1875-77, Philip Becker ; 1878 79, Solomon 
 Scheu ; 1880-81, Alexander Brush ; 1882, Grover 
 Cleveland, M. M. Drake, Harmon S. Cutting; 1883, 
 John B. Manning; 1884-85, Jonathan Scoville ; 1886- 
 89, Philip Keeker ; 1890-94, Charles F. Bishop ; 1895- 
 97, Edgar B. Jewett ; 1898-1900, Conrad Diehl ; 1901, 
 Erastus C. Knight. 
 
 CITY LICENSES AND THEIR COST. 
 
 Licenses of various kinds are issued b)- the Ma)'or's office as follows : 
 
 -\uctioneers and Bill Posters, $50 per year. 
 
 The prices for distributing printed matter, etc., and 
 for bill posting are regulated as follows, not to exceed 
 rates named : Posting bills for one w'eek of any show, 
 entertainment, or business, 3 cents per sheet. Distri- 
 buting almanacs or books to private houses, .^l.-jO per 
 1.000. Distributing circulars to private houses, .$1.25 
 per 1,000. Distributing bills or circulars to business 
 houses, #1 per 1,000. Penalty f 100 for violating these 
 provisions of the charter. 
 
 Billiard Tables, each $5 per year. Bowling Alleys, 
 each ^5 per year. 
 
 Circuses, not less than $25 or more than $100 per 
 day. 
 
 Removal of dead horses or cattle, $50 per year. 
 
 Stationary Engineers, $3 per year, .$2 each annual 
 renewal. 
 
 Sale of Fish, $10 per year. 
 
 Hucksters : Foot Peddlers, using handcart, basket, 
 or receptacle, $10 per year. Peddlers, using one horse 
 vehicles, $25 per year. Peddlers, using two-horse 
 vehicle, .$40 per year. $10 additional for each assistant 
 employed. 
 
 Junk Dealers : With bags and hand-wagon, $2 per 
 year ; with horse and wagon, $3 per year ; with boat, 
 •$10 per year ; wholesale, $25 per year. 
 
 Sale of Meat, $15 per year. 
 
 Sale of Milk, for each wagon, $2 per year. 
 
 Night Lunch Wagons, each wagon, .$6 per month. 
 
 Pawnbrokers, $250 per year. 
 
 Plumbers, $10 per year. 
 
 Pool Tables, each, $5 per year. 
 
 Privy Vault Cleaners, $50 per year. 
 
 Singing, dancing, music, etc., in saloon, $2.50 per 
 year. 
 
 Theaters, $.50 per year. 
 
 Vehicles, Runners, Etc.: 
 
 Transportation of passengers, $5 per year. Drivers 
 of vehicles may charge the following rate of prices and 
 no more : 
 
 For conveying one passenger any distance not exceed- 
 ing one mile, 50 cents ; for each additional passenger 
 25 cents. 
 
 For conveying every passenger any distance over one 
 mile and not exceeding two miles 50 cents ; and for each 
 additional passenger half the regular rate. 
 
 For conveying every passenger over two miles $1, 
 and 50 cents for every additional mile ; and for each 
 additional passenger, half the regular rate. 
 
 For use of any such vehicle by the day for one or 
 more passengers $8. 
 
 For the use of any such vehicle by the hour, for one 
 or more passengers, with the privilege of going from 
 place to place, and stopping as often as may be 
 required, $1.50 for the first hour and $1 for each addi- 
 tional hour. 
 
 Distances shall be measured by the most direct trav- 
 eling route ; and in all cases where the hiring of such 
 vehicle is not at the time thereof specified to be by the 
 day or hour, it shall be deemed to be by the mile. 
 
 Each passenger shall be allowed to have carried and 
 conveyed upon such vehicle, one trunk, valise, saddle- 
 bag, carpetbag, portmanteau, box. bundle, basket, or 
 articles used in traveling without charge ; but for every 
 trunk or article above enumerated, more than one. car- 
 ried or conveyed upon such vehicle, the owner or driver 
 shall be entitled to demand and receive the sum of 5 
 cents, if conveyed within the distance of one mile, and 
 if more than one mile the sum of 10 cents. 
 
 Runner or solicitor of guests or passengers, $20 
 per year. 
 
 TRANSFORT.VnON OF MERCHANDISE : 
 
 Two horses, .$5 per year ; one horse, $1 per year ; 
 porter, .$2 per year. 
 
16 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 WILLIAM H. WALKER. 
 
 Of the Wholesale Boot and Shoe Firm. William H. Walker & Co.. for forty years leaders in this hrancli of business in Buf- 
 falo. Ex-President of the Butlalo Clearing House .Association. Interested in many public institutions and enterprises. 
 
 See Chapter Representative Citizens. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 17 
 
 THE CITY GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Hereinafter is given a synoptical record of the scoi>e and statistics of the jirincipal depart- 
 ments of the City Government, for the maintenance of which about seven million dollars 
 annually is now required. As far as obtainable, the reports of the different departments 
 are up to date, being furnished by the officials in control. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE. 
 
 The following is a summary of the amounts ap|)ropriated by the Common Council for the 
 maintenance of the City Government for the fiscal years named, ending June 30th : 
 
 DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 I!K)1-19(B. 
 
 Mayor, f 11,750.00 
 
 Civil Service Commis- 
 sion 2.959.40 
 
 Common Council, . . 40,721.50 
 
 Comptroller 37,96.5.00 
 
 Treasurer, 87,850.00 
 
 Public Works, General 
 
 Office, 18,350.00 
 
 Public Works, Bureau 
 
 of Water, .... .563,719.87 
 Public Works, Bureau 
 
 of Engineering, . . 286,920.00 
 Public Works, Bureau 
 
 of Streets 291,423.00 
 
 Public Works, Bureau 
 
 of Streets, Lamps, . 178,655.00 
 Public Works, Bureau 
 
 of Buildings . . . 123,131.00 
 Grade Crossing Com- 
 mission 1.5,310.00 
 
 Assessment, .... 30,560.00 
 
 Poor, 106,.590.00 
 
 Law 30,850.00 
 
 Health, 49,133 50 
 
 Fire 725.754.50 
 
 Police, 826,180.00 
 
 Parks, 105,867.00 
 
 Public Instruction, . . 1,051,324.00 
 
 City Clerk 12,545 04 
 
 Auditor, ..... 3,282.00 
 
 Harbor Master, . . . 16,980.00 
 
 Judiciary, Police Court, 8,700.00 
 Judiciary, Municipal 
 
 Court, 1.5,150 00 
 
 Markets, 9,200.00 
 
 FtJNDS. 
 
 Boiler Inspection, . . $4,425.00 
 
 Board of Plumbing, . . 950.00 
 
 Grand Army Republic 
 
 Relief, 13,450.00 
 
 City and County Hall 
 
 Maintenance, . . . 22,500.00 
 
 Election Expense, . . 34,114.00 
 
 Independence Day Cele- 
 bration, 5,000 00 
 
 City Real Estate Taxes, 12,000.00 
 
 Erroneous Taxes, . . 12,000.00 
 
 Perfecting title to lands 
 
 taken at tax sale, . . 15,000.00 
 
 Park Bond Redemption 
 
 Sinking 12,250.00 
 
 1<««-Iilll3. 
 $ 12,495.00 
 
 2,899.40 
 44,278.85 
 48,003.00 
 33,925.00 
 
 14,339.00 
 
 .521,657.24 
 
 198,813.00 
 
 296,875.00 
 
 152,205.00 
 
 114,801.00 
 
 20,510.00 
 
 30,885.00 
 
 125,090.00 
 
 30,975.00 
 
 .50 296.00 
 
 711,8.58.05 
 
 797,590.00 
 
 1.52,.507.48 
 
 1,091,609.00 
 
 12, .522. .52 
 
 3,282.00 
 
 17,420.00 
 
 8,800.00 
 
 15,425.00 
 9,417.00 
 
 *4,600.00 
 1,002 50 
 
 13,650.00 
 
 22,500.00 
 30,964.00 
 
 1,000.00 
 20,000 00 
 25,000.00 
 
 Consolidated School, 
 Buffalo Public Library, . 
 Grosvenor Library, . 
 Dr. Lord's Library, 
 Buffalo Historical So- 
 ciety, 
 
 Bonded Debt Principal, 
 Bonded Debt Interest, . 
 
 $1.50,000.00 
 
 78,679.55 
 
 19,669.88 
 
 500.00 
 
 4,483 33 
 
 1,377,827.77 
 
 684,551,99 
 
 f 1.50, 000. 00 
 
 77,551.72 
 
 19,387.93 
 
 500.00 
 
 8,900.00 
 
 1,392,394.87 
 
 674,763.84 
 
 Total, .f 7, 048,272. 33 §6,972,943.40 
 
 REC.VPITULATION. 
 
 Amount necessary for 
 maintenance of City 
 Government, . 
 
 Less resources, . 
 
 Amount to be realized 
 by General Tax, 
 
 10(11-191 1-J. 
 
 $7,048,272.33 $6,972,943.40 
 2,651,535.03 2,777,035.21 
 
 $4,396,737.30 $4,195,90L19 
 
 The amount of the General City Tax to be raised 
 upon the following assessed valuation of city property: 
 
 Real, .... $221,405,290.00 $223,947,690.00 
 Personal, . . . 7,547,000.00 6,793,500.00 
 
 Special Franchise, 13,396,848.00 13,164,430.00 
 
 Total, 
 
 $242, 349, 138. 00 $243, 905, 620. OO 
 
 12,250.00 
 
 The C.eneral City Tax for the fiscal year 1901-1902 
 being $18.14216 per $1,000; 1902 1903, $17,203 per 
 $1,000. 
 
 The valuation of property for the Lamp Tax was as 
 follows: 
 
 Real Estate, . . $20.5,371,115.00 $207,979,545.00 
 Personal Estate, . 7,547,000.00 6,793,-500.00 
 
 Special Franchise, 13,396,848.00 13,164,430.00 
 
 Total, . . . $226,314,963.00 $227,937,475.00 
 
 The Lamp Tax 1901-1902 being $0.7296 per $1,000; 
 1902-1903, $0.63 per $1,000. 
 
 SUM.MARY. 
 
 Amount of Taxes to be collected and the tax rate are 
 as follows : 
 
 I901-ll)0i. 
 
 Tax Rate. 
 General Tax, .... $4,396,737.30 $18.14216 
 Lamp Tax, 165,130.00 .7296 
 
 Total $4,561,867.30 $18.87176 
 
18 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 WILLIAM HENGERLR. 
 
 Chairman, Board of Park Commissioners; Secretary and Treasurer, State Normal i^chool. 
 Representative Wiiolesale Dry Goods Merchant. 
 
TWENTIliTH CENTURY BUFFALO. 19 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE. — (Continued.) 
 
 li«i-'-i;Kii. At premium *1,107,284.11— 3^^ 
 
 Tax Rate. To sinking funds, 490,008.00—3 % 
 
 General Tax f 4,195,901.19 §17.203 
 
 Lamp Tax, 145,078.63 .63035 Bonds paid June 30, 1901, to June 30, 1902, 
 
 Total, .$4,340,979.82 .1117.83335 
 
 §1,373,449.71. 
 
 The total bonded indebtedness of the city, June 30, . Average interest paid for the fiscal year on outstand- 
 1902, was f 17,098,145.06. '"g ^onds, 04.12346^. 
 
 Total sale of bonds June 30, 1901, to May 1, 1902, FRED. W. M. HEERWAGEN, 
 
 $1,597,292.11, as follows: Comptroller. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS. 
 
 A comprehensive report for this division of Twentieth Century Buffalo, prepared by Com- 
 missioner Francis G. Ward of the Department of Public Works, was not completed in time for 
 publication here. It will be found in the Postscript at the end of the book. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.* 
 
 The importance of the Department of Health of the City of Buffalo is indicated by the 
 character of its functions and the extensive field of its operations. Its chief officials are: 
 Health Commissioner, Walter D. Greene, M. D.; A.ssistant Health Officer, Edward Clark, 
 M. D. ; Chief Clerk, August Schneider; Registrar of Vital Statistics, Franklin C. Gram, M. D. 
 Its work is carried on with the aid of a City Chemist, Inspector of Food and Drugs, Cattle 
 Inspector and a.ssistant, Keeper of Quarantine Hospital, City Scavenger, Inspector of Plumbing 
 and Drainage and five assistants, five Sanitary Inspectors, three Tenement House Inspectors, 
 Bacteriologist and assistant, eight City District Physicians, two Homeopathic District Physi- 
 cians, Fumigating Inspector, two Milk Inspectors, Factory Inspector and a.ssistant. Keepers of 
 Public Bath Houses, two assistants and matrons. The nature of the work of these officials is 
 indicated by their titles. 
 
 The mortality record of the city is carefully kept and classified, as also are the statistics of 
 births and marriages. A monthly report is printed. That for April, 1902, shows in detail the 
 causes of a total of 436 deaths, with the age, sex, color, and social relation of each case. There 
 were 581 births and 332 marriages. The operation of the departmental bureaus of plumbing 
 and drainage, sanitation, fees collected, infectious and contagious diseases, bath houses, city 
 scavenger, city chemist, food and drug inspection, bacteriologist, cattle and meat inspection, 
 city physicians, are carefully recorded in detail ; as is also the work done under the labor law, 
 which includes the inspection of mercantile establishments and the granting or refusal of 
 employment certificates. 
 
 /The mortality rate for the past four years was as follows: 1898, 12.15 per 1,000; 1899, 
 12.50; 1900, 14.22; 1901, 14.61. 
 
 In 1901 there were 6,924 births, showing a gradual decrease ; 3,448 marriages, showing a 
 considerable increase ; and 5,360 deaths, in a population, according to the United States 
 census of 1900, of 352,387. 
 
 In 1901, 3,778 mercantile inspections were made, involving 11,307 employees; 2,108 
 employment certificates were granted to minors, and 1,109 refused. 
 
 WALTER D. GREENE, 
 
 Health Commissioner. 
 
 * See page 12. 
 
20 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Dr. WILLL^M G. BISSELL. 
 
 In charge of the Bureau of Bactereology of the Health Department 
 of Buffalo. (See page 21.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUF-FALO. 21 
 
 sanh'arv laborai'ory. 
 
 There is no more valuable auxiliary to the health department of a city than a sanitary labor- 
 atory such as is conducted by Dr. William (i. Bissell in the Health Department of Buffalo. 
 The Bureau of Bacteriology, as it is called, was established in 11S93, with Dr. W. H. Bergtold 
 in charge. Owing to ill health, Dr. Bergtold was compelled to retire and Dr. Herbert U. 
 Williams temporarily assumed the duties of the ofifice. At this time the bureau was but a minor 
 division of the Dejiartment of Health, the laboratory force consisting of but one microscopist. 
 
 Realizing the necessity for a larger force, in lcSi)4 an ordinance was passed by the Common 
 Council establishing a laboratory fully equipped, to be placed under the charge of an expert 
 microscopist, and ordering that he be furnished with a trained assistant and a laboratory man. 
 The positions of bacteriologist and assistant were placed by the Civil Service Commission on 
 the competitive list and an examination held by Professor B. Mead Bolton of Johns-Hopkins 
 University, which resulted in the appointment of Dr. W. G. Bissell, under whose charge the 
 Bureau of Bacteriology has been brought to a high grade of efficiency, comparing favorably 
 with any laboratory of this kind in the country. 
 
 Dr William G. Bissell, the chief of this bureau, is one of Twentieth Century Buffalo's 
 best known sanitary experts, having had a wide experience in the management of epidemics, 
 water supplies, and research in general microscopy, pathology, and bacteriology. 
 
 Three years ago Dr. Bissell was called in consultation regarding the typhoid epidemic at 
 the Chautauqua Assembly, and the efficiency of his work is shown by the fact that during the 
 past year there was not a single case of typhoid fever in that section. Dr. Bissell was likewise 
 called in consultation at the time of the typhoid epidemic in Meadville, Pa., and, after a 
 thorough investigation, discovered its cause in the pollution of the water supply, which dis- 
 covery led to steps being taken which effectually stamped out the epidemic. 
 
 Dr. Bissell has contributed largely to medical and scientific literature, and his original 
 investigations as to methods of disinfection, e.'camination of water supplies, tonsilar affections, 
 diagnosing of rabies, etc., have attracted wide attention and have placed him in the front rank 
 as an authority on these subjects. 
 
 Dr. Bissell holds the position of Instructor of Bacteriology in the Dental Department of the 
 University of Buffalo, and during the past two years there have been given under his direction 
 ])Ost graduate courses in bacteriology, which courses have been delivered by many of the most 
 prominent physicians and dentists of this and other cities. Among those taking part in such 
 courses have been Prof. M. D. Mann, Dr. M. A. Crockett, former Mayor Dr. Conrad Diehl, 
 Dr. W. A. Scott, former health officer of Niagara Falls, Major A. H. Briggs of the 65th Regi- 
 ment, and others equally prominent in professional life. 
 
 Dr. Bissell is at the present time consulting sanitary expert of the Chautauqua Assembly, 
 the city of Niagara Falls, the town of West Seneca, and consulting bacteriologist to the Vartray 
 Water Company of Buffalo. For the past ten years he has been Surgeon of the 74th Regiment, 
 N. G. N. Y., with the rank of Major, and for two years, at the request of Major- General Roe, 
 was detailed to the State Camp at Peekskill, to investigate the best means for the prevention of 
 ty]jhoid fever and the maintenance of sanitary conditions during practice marches by the National 
 Guard. In the carrying out of his research in this line, he adopted and perfected the use of an 
 incinerator suitable for the destruction of all camp refuse, which has since been adopted by the 
 State and is being favorably considered by the United States Government. This incinerator 
 has been pronounced by the leading sanitary experts the best of its kind ever put into use. 
 
 Dr. Bissell is a member of the Saturn Club, the Buffalo Canoe Club, and several other 
 social organizations, and holds the ])osition of Secretary of the Buffalo Society for the Pre- 
 vention of Tuberculosis. He is a member of the Erie County Medical Society, the New York 
 
22 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 HENRY P. EMERSON. 
 Superintendent of Education. (See page 'iS.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTUKV iiLEKAI.O. 23 
 
 State Medical Society, the Buffalo Academy of Medicine, the Buffalo Medical Union, the 
 ^'Esculapian Society, and during the past year was selected as a delegate to the American 
 Congress of Tuberculosis, held in New York City. He has been an active worker in the 
 American Public Health Association, and is a member of the committee, appointed at its last 
 session, to draft a constitution and by-laws for the laboratory division of that association. 
 
 Dr. Bissell is one of the few men of the country devoting his entire time to sanitary work. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. 
 
 No branch of the municipal government a])peals more strongly to the people of Twentieth 
 Century Buffalo than the Department of Education. No city in the United States holds higher 
 rank in the efficiency of the work accomplished along educational lines than does this city, a 
 condition due to the tireless energy and constant and careful supervision and able management 
 of Henry P. Emerson, Superintendent of Education, and his staff of principals and teachers. 
 Mr. Emerson has achieved a national reputation as one of the leading educators in this country, 
 and has stamped his individuality on the entire school system. During his term of office, 
 which has e.xtended over nearly ten years, the work of the schools has improved to a marked 
 degree, and the efficiency of the teachers has been brought to a high standard. 
 
 In this work Mr. Emerson has been materially assisted by Prof C. N. Millard, Supervisor 
 of Grammar Grades, and Dr. Ida C. Bender, Supervisor of Primary Grades, both of whom enjoy 
 a very high reputation in the educational world, a reputation which is not confined to New York 
 State, but extends throughout the entire country. Dr. Bender has no superior in matters 
 relative to primary methods, and the Judson-Bender series of readers, of which she is associate 
 author, have been adopted by many of the leading cities. Mr. Emerson's office staff consists 
 of the following officials: Matthew J- Chemnitz, secretary and superintendent of German 
 Department ; William J. Burke, chief clerk ; Thomas A. Wallace, clerk ; William H. Maloney, 
 stenographer, and John Coleman, Jr., messenger. The Board of School Examiners, whose 
 duties consist of an annual visit to each school in the city, and an annual report to the Mayor 
 relative to their condition, is composed of Dr. Peter W. Van Peyma, Sarah L. Truscott, Devoe 
 P. Hodson, George H. Kennedy, and Arthur E. Hedstrom. 
 
 The city has three high schools, sixty-one grammar and ])rimary schools, and one truant 
 school. The total number of principals and teachers employed is 1,275, of whom seventy-nine 
 are men and 1,196 women. There are also seventy-one private and parochial schools in the 
 city, not under the jurisdiction of this department, and having a registration of 21,245 pupils. 
 
 The three high schools are : Central, Prof Frederick A. Vogt, Principal, forty-seven 
 teachers, with a registration of 1,295 and an average daily attendance of 1,028 ; Masten Park, 
 Prof Frank S. Fosdick, Principal, thirty-four teachers, with a registration of 1,340 and an 
 average daily attendance of 1,157 ; West High, Prof. Arthur Detmers, Principal, ten teachers, 
 with a registration of 381 and an average daily attendance of 340. The total number of pupils 
 registered last year was 59,627, distributed as follows : Teachers' training school, 68 ; high 
 schools, 3,016; primary and grammar schools, 55,407; kindergarten, 994; truant school, 
 142. The average daily attendance was 43,033 distributed as follows: Teachers' training 
 school, 58 ; high schools, 2,525 ; primary and grammar schools, 39,965 ; kindergartens, 
 455 ; truant school, 30. As compared with the previous year there was an increase in 
 registration of 1,653 and in average attendance of 1,828. In addition to the regular day 
 schools, twelve evening schools were operated for a period of from twelve to fourteen weeks, 
 with a registration of 3,105. 
 
 Since 1894 the city has provided twenty-six new buildings, making a total of eighty-nine, of 
 which seventy are of brick, the balance frame. Of these eighty-four are owned by the city and 
 
24 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 ARTHUR \V. HICKMAN. 
 
 President of the High School .-Mumni .Association. (See page 25.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTUKV BLFFALO. 25 
 
 are valued at 83,220,250. The increase in seating capacity is 504 rooms, or 22,680 sittings. 
 The displacing of old buildings meant a loss of sixty-eight rooms and ."5,060 sittings, making 
 the net gain during the past eight years 19,620 sittings. 'I'hree new buildings are in course of 
 erection, or contemplated. They are the Lafayette High School, at Lafayette Avenue (see 
 page 28) and Baynes Street, at an estimated cost of $400,000; new building for No. 24, at 
 Fillmore Avenue and Best Street, cost $85,000 ; and an addition to No. 54, at Main Street 
 and Depew Avenue, cost 885,000. 
 
 One of the most promising signs of the growing efficiency of school work is the large 
 increase of attendance in the higher grades. Where the graduating classes were formerly small 
 large classes are now the rule, the growth being all the more satisfactory because especially 
 noticeable in the thickly populated manufacturing districts, where before the course of study 
 was enriched and the work in the higher grades made more interesting, the great 
 proportion of pupils left school as soon as the age limit of thirteen years was reached. The 
 records show that the number of pupils registered in the last session of the grammar schools in 
 1891-92 was 678 ; in 189-5-96, 1,454 ; and in 1900-01, 2,041. 
 
 The total amount expended under the direction of the Superintendent of Education during 
 the school year of 1900-01 was 81,006,419.03, or 85,038.97 less than the appropriation, a 
 surplus which gives evidence of the most careful attention to expenses week by week. 
 
 The principal expenditures were 8828,996.68 for teachers' salaries ; $64,389.38 for janitors' 
 salaries; 845,463.01 for books and materials; $19,469.17 for what may be called admin- 
 istrative work (Superintendent, Board of School Examiners, clerks and truant officers) ; 
 $8,676.52 for night schools; 87,132.91 for janitors' supplies. The item "books and 
 materials" includes the following: Books, 832,929.22; drawing materials, 82,947.40; 
 manual training materials, $2,038.71; music, 864.80; copy books for penman.ship, 
 $3,178.85; .sewing materials, $558.96; and paper and pencils supplied to primary grades, 
 $3,745.07. 
 
 The amount expended under the direction of the Board of Public Works was $367,211.52, 
 including $11,479.69 for water. The principal items were : $131,315.87 for the erection of 
 buildings; $18,350 for the purchase of land; $69,854.77 for repairs; $48,032.71 for 
 furniture ; 837,483.66 for fuel ; $25,783.02 under the head of miscellaneous. 
 
 HIGH SCHOOL ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. 
 
 A valuable and active, although unofficial, auxiliary to the Department of Public Education is 
 the High School .Alumni Association, formed for the purpose of, as expressed in its constitution, 
 " the creation of an organized effort for the advancement of the schools and of general education." 
 Its object is to promote municipal education and to interest its members in the public welfare ; 
 giving back to the citizens of Buffalo some organized return for benefactions generously 
 bestowed. Its membership is made up of graduates from the Central, Masten Park, and 
 Lafayette (West) high schools. Its thirty-fourth annual meeting was held June 27, 1902, and 
 the following officers were elected : 
 
 President, Arthur W. Hickman, '68; Vice-President, Matilda B. Karnes, '69; Secretary, 
 Emerson Washburn, '99; Treasurer, Beaumont Griffith, Jr., '97; Directors, Preston R. 
 Smith, '91; Frank E. Wade, '85; Alfred E. Hurrell, '98; Dr. Amelia Earle Trant, '69; 
 Mary E. Wardwell, '83. 
 
 President .Arthur W. Hickman, whose portrait is printed on the opposite page, was educated 
 in the Buffalo public schools and is familiar with the educational system of the city \n which he 
 has always taken a deep interest. While a member of Assembly, in 188] , he introduced in the 
 State Legislature an Act which led to the organization of the Board of School Examiners. 
 
26 
 
 TWKNTIETH CENTUKV BUFFALO. 
 
 DR. JAMES M. CASSETY. 
 Principal of tlie State Normal and Training School. Buffalo, N. V. (See page av.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 SOCIETY FOR BEAUTIFYING SCHOOLS. 
 
 The Buffalo Society for Beautifying Schools, duly incorporated, is a new organization, whose 
 purpose is described as "The cultivation of art in the schools of Buffalo, the adornment of 
 schoolrooms, and the improvement of school buildings and grounds." 
 
 The directors for the year 1902 are: Henry A. Richmond, Charles B. Wheeler, Josephus N. 
 Earned, P. W. Van Peyma, W. H. Gratwick, T. Guilford Smith, Carleton Sprague, Charles 
 R. Wilson, Ralph H. Plumb, H. R. Howland, Willis O. Chapin, Evelyn R. Cary, Jeanie 
 W. Norton, Alice B. Muzzey, Rose Clark, Eugenie F. Hauenstein, Martha Sprague Mason, 
 Carrie A. V. Moot, Harriet B. Mynter, Eleanor S. Rogers, Isadore Michael, and Theresa 
 W. Mitchell. 
 
 BUFFALO SCHOOL ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The Buffalo School Association, of which Henry A. Richmond is president, is a volunteer 
 organization of citizens actively interested in the welfare of the public schools, its chief aims 
 being to secure the very best sanitary conditions possible in the school buildings and to safe- 
 guard the scholars in various ways suggested by modern science and educational experience. 
 
 THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 While under the control of the State, through the Department of Public Education, the 
 Normal and Training School, which occupies a large building erected on the e.xtensive square 
 bounded by York Street on the north, Fourteenth Street on the east. Normal Avenue on the 
 west, and Jersey Street on the south, may be regarded as essentially a Buffalo institution, inas- 
 much as it originated by an Act of the State Legislature, passed April 7, 18fi(i, locating a 
 Normal and Training School in the City of Buffalo, $90,000 being raised by the city and 
 county to erect suitable buildings upon the valuable site, nominally purchased, but virtually 
 donated by Jesse Ketchum, which was very justly represented at that time as " one of unequaled 
 beauty and convenience." The building was completed and accepted for the State by the 
 Normal School Commission. September 7, 1870. September 14th, of the same year, a local 
 board of trustees was appointed, comprising N. K. Hall, Chairman : William H. Greene, Sec- 
 retary ; Joseph Warren, Treasurer ; Thomas F. Rochester, Francis H. Root, Albert H. Tracy, 
 all of Buffalo ; Allen Potter, East Hamburg ; Henry Lapp, Clarence ; Grover Cleveland, Buf- 
 falo ; the last two being the only survivors. Professor Henry B. Buckham was chosen as the 
 principal and the school was opened for the reception of pupils September \H, 1871, the attend- 
 ance being sixty-eight. 
 
 Prof. Buckham resigned in the summer of 1886, his successor being the present principal. 
 Dr. James M. Cassety, formerly of the Boys' Academy of Albany, of the faculty of the Fre- 
 donia Normal School, and principal of the Cortland Normal School. 
 
 During the year ending July 31, 1902, there were 888 students, 443 of whom were regu- 
 larly appointed Normal School students, 114 of whom graduated ; 1,562 students have gradu- 
 ated from the school since it was established, a large proportion of whom have become school- 
 teachers. 
 
 The local board, 1902, comprised Dr. Thomas Lothrop (who died August 7, 1902), Presi- 
 dent; Stephen M. Clement, Vice-President; William Hengerer, Secretary and Treasurer; 
 Charles W. Goodyear, Robert L. Fryer, Edward H. Butler, Henry W. Hill, all of Buffalo ; 
 Daniel H. McMillan, New Mexico ; and Dr. Henry Lapp, Clarence. 
 
28 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
TWKNTIETH CEXTURV BUFFALO. 
 
 29 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF FIRE. 
 
 Board of Fire Commissioners : Jno. F. Malone, 
 President ; William S. Grattan, William Perion, John 
 Weiss, Secretary. 
 
 Office Force : George Schenkelberger, Clerk ; 
 John V. Duggan, Stenographer. 
 
 Officers: B. J. McConnell, Chief of Department; 
 E. P. Murphy, Assistant Chief of Department. Batal- 
 lion Chiefs : Michael Brummer, first district ; Jno. B. 
 Armstrong, second district ; E. P. Murphy, third dis- 
 trict ; Jacob Petzing, fourth district ; Geo. P. Heppel, 
 fifth district ; Terrence J. .Murphy, sixth district. David 
 Owen, Master Mechanic ; Jacob Durrenberger, Super- 
 intendent of Horses; Henrv Smith, Chief Operator; 
 E. C. W. O'Brien, ^r. D., Surgeon. 
 
 Uniformed Force : 44 captains, 46 lieutenants, 35 
 engineers, 352 firemen, first grade ; (J pilots. 
 
 Fire Al.\rm Telegraph : 3 operators, 2 linemen. 2 
 repairers. 
 
 Repair Shop: 2 harness-makers, 1 blacksmith, 1 
 helper, 1 machinist, 1 painter, 1 carpenter. 
 
 Nltmber of Houses: 25 single, 9 double. 
 
 .Apparatus and Horses in Service : 26 steam fire 
 engines, 3 fire boats, 9 hook and ladder trucks, 6 chem- 
 ical engines, 22 hose wagons, 4 combination chemical 
 and hose wagons, 1 water tower, 240 horses. 
 
 Reserve Apparatus : 2 hook and ladder trucks, 5 
 steam fire engines, 1 chemical engine. 
 
 JNO. F. MALONE, 
 
 President. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF POLICE. 
 
 Commissioners — Hon. Erastus C. Knight, Charles 
 A. Rupp, John H. Cooper. 
 
 Superintendent, William S. Bull, appointed March 
 5, 1894. Assistant Superintendent, Patrick V. Cusack, 
 appointed May 7, 1866. Inspectors, John Martin, First 
 District ; M. J. Donovan, Second District. Surgeon, 
 Joseph Fowler, ^L D. 
 
 Clerk to the Superintendent, James C. Starks ; Chief 
 Clerk ami Operator, Thomas O'Brien ; Assistant Clerk 
 and Operator, George A. Schmidt ; Assistant Clerk 
 and Desk Sergeant, James P. Kilroy ; Clerk Bertillon 
 System, George T. Jones ; Photographer, Joseph T. 
 Whitwell ; Stenographer, Frederick C. Finsterbach. 
 
 Captains — 1st precinct, John H. Taylor; 2d pre- 
 cinct, Edward Forrestel ; 3d precinct, Frank J. Killen ; 
 
 4th precinct, John Burfeind ; 5th precinct, Anthony 
 Collins ; 6th precinct, George Cable ; 7th precinct, 
 Timothy W'. Collins ; 8th precinct, Michael Alorrisey ; 
 9th precinct, Michael Regan ; 10th precinct, Patrick 
 Kilroy ; 11th precinct, John W. Lynch ; 12th precinct, 
 George Kress ; 13th precinct, Samuel H. Notter. 
 Police Patrol Boat, Charles S. Pritchard. 
 
 Total number employed in department, 784, includ- 
 ing : sergeants, 39 ; desk sergeants, 39 ; detective ser- 
 geants, 15 ; precinct detectives, 26 ; patrolmen, 566. 
 
 Total number of arrests from January 1, 1901, to 
 June 1, 1902, 31,817. 
 
 WILLL\M S. BULL, 
 
 Superintendent. 
 
 PARK SYSTEM. 
 
 The Public Park System of the city of Buffalo is comprehensive and attractive, appropriate 
 to the general importance and scope of the municipality. Careful consideration and extensive 
 appropriations have been devoted to the development of the system, and under a wise adminis- 
 tration the system will continue to be improved to the advantage of the present generation and, 
 especially, for the benefit of future generations. The chief parks are Delaware, 3(j2 acres, 229 
 of which are roadways, meadows, flower beds, zoological collection, and picnic grounds, and 
 133 for the ornamental lake and casino ; South Park, loo acres, with a free botanical garden ; 
 Cazenovia Park, 76 acres ; The Front, 48 acres ; Humboldt Park, 56 acres ; Riverside Park, 
 23 acres ; the Terrace Concourse, 3^ acres. The minor places in the park system are Pros- 
 pect Park, two squares, each 594 x 281 feet ; Bidwell Place square, 510 x 465 feet ; South 
 Parkway Circle, 500 feet diameter ; Chapin Place Circle, 500 x 422 feet ; Soldiers' Place 
 Circle, 700 feet diameter ; Agassiz Place Circle, 490 feet diameter ; The Circle, 500 feet diam- 
 eter ; The Bank, 309 feet diameter ; Niagara Square, on which the §100,000 State monument to 
 the late President McKinley is to be erected, 466 x 460 feet ; The Terrace, 960 x 60 feet ; Day's 
 Park, 670 x 90 feet ; Johnson's Place, 487 x 94 feet ; Wadsworth Place, 300 x 87 feet ; Lafayette 
 Square, with Soldiers' Monument, 200 x 160 feet ; Masten Place, 580 x 580 feet ; Porter Square, 
 364 X 198 feet ; Market Square, two plots, each 198 x 33 feet ; Heacock Place, 350 x 360 feet ; 
 Bennett Place, 365 x 290 feet ; Woodside Circle, 500 feet diameter. The Park approaches 
 are : Humboldt, Lincoln, Bidwell, Chapin, Scajaquada, South Side, and Red Jacket park- 
 ways ; and Richmond, Fillmore, Porter, Jewett, and Front avenues. The totals are : Seven 
 
30 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
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TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 31 
 
 parks. 741 'i acres ; minor ]jlaces, 70>2 acres ; approaches, '206 acres. On Humboldt Parkway, 
 between East Delavan Avenue and near Main Street, is a half-mile public speedway. In the 
 parks and [larkways are provided bridle paths for equestrians and paths for bicycle riders. No 
 especial provision has yet been made for automobile speeding. 
 
 SOCIETY FOR BEAUTIFYING BUFFALO. 
 
 In a line with the improvement of the public park system is the work undertaken by the 
 Society for Beautifying Buffalo. The ofificers of the society are : President, Dr. M. D. Mann ; 
 Yice-President, Charles W. Pardee ; Treasurer, Francis Almy ; Secretary, John H. Coxhead. 
 
 McKINLEY MONUMENT COMMISSION. 
 
 The State of New York has appropriated the sum of $100,000 for the erection in Buffalo of 
 a suitable monument to the memory of William McKinley, who as President of the United 
 States, serving a second term, while holding a public reception in the Temple of Music at the 
 Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, September 6, 1901, was shot by Czolgolz, a supposed 
 anarchist, and died September 14th at the Buffalo residence of John G. Milburn, President of the 
 Exposition. The members of the Monument Commission are Edward H. Butler, Chairman 
 and Executive Officer ; George E. Matthews, Secretary; John G. Milburn, Wilson S. Bissell 
 of Buffalo, and E. W. Curtice of Fredonia. The monument will be erected in Niagara Square, 
 which is formed by the intersection of Niagara, Court, and Genesee streets and Delaware 
 Avenue, and which will probably be beautified by the city. 
 
 GRADE CROSSING IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 The Grade Crossing Commission, entrusted with the task of abolishing, as far as possible, 
 the dangerous railroad crossings at grade in the City of Buffalo, was created by Act of State 
 Legislature in 1888. Philip Becker was Mayor of Buffalo at that time. Governor David B. 
 Hill named as members of the Commission, Robert B. Adam, Charles A. Sweet, Edward H. 
 Butler, John B. Weber, Frederick Kendall, Solomon Scheu, George Sandrock, James E. 
 Nunan. After the deaths of the three last named, August F. Scheu, James Ryan, and Henry 
 D. Kirkover were added to the Commission by Clovernor Roswell P. Flower, under authority of 
 an Act of the Legislature in 1892, amending the act of 1888. William J. Morgan was the first 
 Secretary of the Commission. After his death, John B. Weber was selected for the position. 
 Those members now living have served without compensation up to the present time. Their 
 work has been long and tedious, involving many struggles with powerful corporations and much 
 labor with many difficult details. Charles E. Mann was Engineer until his death. He was 
 succeeded by Edward B. Guthrie, the present Engineer. Spencer Clinton is the Attorney of 
 the Commission. 
 
 The latest statement compiled by the Commission gives a comprehensive idea of the extent 
 and cost of the work done and provided for under its direction and control. It is thus sum- 
 marized : Cost of structures in which the New York Central, the West Shore, the Erie, the 
 Western New York & Pennsylvania (now the Pennsylvania), the Lake Shore, the Buffalo Creek, 
 and Nickel Plate railroads are interested, $2,096,805.77, of which tl.e City of Buffalo pays 
 8457,109.73 and the railroads 81,639,696.04; cost of structures in which the Lackawanna 
 Railroad is interested $167,233.16, of which the city and railroad company each pay one-half. 
 The land awards have amounted to 8810,725.35, of which the city has paid $270,296.82 and 
 the railroads 8540,428.53. Consequential damages to the amount of 8830,732.70, of which 
 the city has been made responsible for $416,783.84 and the railroads 8413,948.86. A recapit- 
 
32 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFAI.O. 
 
 HERMAN J. KREINHEDER. 
 In charge of the Buttalo Bureau of the State Excise Department, i See page 33. ) 
 
TWKNTIKTII Ci:\TURV BUFFALO. 33 
 
 Illation shows a total cost, outside of that, in which the Lackawanna Railroad is interested 
 alone, of $3,7:^8, 2fi3. 82, divided between the city 81,144,190.39, the railroads S2,. 394,073. 43, 
 on a basis of 30* per cent, for the city and ti9;i per cent, for the railroads. Adding the cost of 
 the Lackawanna Railroad improvements, the total has amoimted to $3,821,890.40. 
 
 The general .scope of the improvements is shown on the map printed on page 30. 'i'he 
 work has been carefully and skillfully done. 
 
 STATE EXCISE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The Buffalo bureau of the State E.xcise Department is in charge of Henry J. Kreinheder, 
 Deputy E.vcise Commissioner for Erie County, who collects and pays out the moneys payable 
 for licenses under the provisions of the State liquor tax law. These licenses for the City of 
 Buffalo are : saloons and hotels, S500 ; sale of liquor not to be drunk on the premises, $300 ; 
 druggists, $5; alcohol, $15; special all night, $10 ; transfers, $10. 
 
 The total receipts for the twelve months, from July 1, 1901, to June 30, 1902, inclusive, 
 amounted to $960,821.37 ; of which $320,273.79 was paid to the State, $51,312.78 to the 
 towns of Erie County, and $589,234.80 to the City of Buffalo ; of the latter sum a percentage 
 is paid over by the City Comptroller to the police pension fund and to the firemen's relief and 
 pension fund. The balance goes towards the maintenance of the police department. 
 
 THE WEATHER BUREAU. 
 
 Twentieth Century Buffalo can boast of a climate that is unlike that possessed by any other 
 place in the United States. From one year's end to the other .she has a climate distinctively 
 her own. Winter and summer the atmosphere is moist, due to the fact that the southwesterly 
 winds, which generally prevail, always come from across the lake and at any season of the year 
 their influence is about the same, resulting in a more even temperature than at points in the 
 interior. During the summer months the temperature is moderate and equable, averaging 66° 
 in the morning, 70° in the evening, and 76° in the warmest part of the day. In the winter 
 the temperature seldom falls below the zero mark, the reason for these favorable conditions 
 being that the lake cools the air in summer and the radiation from its waters warms the air in 
 winter. 
 
 The remarkably fine climate enjoyed by Buffalo is due, to a very great e.vtent, to her geo- 
 graphical position. The great inland sea, lying to the southwest of the city, acts as a gigantic 
 warming pan during the cold seasons, and, consequently, there is, probably, no city in the 
 Union that has a more equable climate or one where the seasons glide more imperceptibly into 
 each other. 
 
 This admirable geographical position is also a safeguard from the oppressiveness felt in 
 other large cities during the warm season. Buffalo has a greater wind movement tban nearly 
 every other city in the United States, and as that generally is from off the lake, it is extremely 
 seldom that there is not a good circulation of cool, fresh air. 
 
 According to the records of the local U. S. Weather Bureau office, there were only eighteen 
 days during the past thirty-one years of its e.Kistence when the temperature reached a point 
 above 90°. On two occasions, July 10, 1897, and September 1, 1900, 95° was reached, 
 making them the hottest during that thirty-one year period. The dates when 90° and over 
 were reached were : 
 
 June 30, 1879, 92° ; August 28, 1881, 91° ; July 3, 1887, 92° ; August 4, 1887, 94° ; 
 July 22, 1891, 90° ; August 9, 1893, 90° ; June 4, 1895, 93° ; July 19, 1895, 90° ; July 3, 
 1897, 93° ; July 4, 1897, 91° ; July 7, 1897, 92° ; July 8, 1897, 92° ; July 10, 1897, 95° ; 
 July 23, 1898, 90° ; July 23, 1899, 91° ; September 1, 1900, 95° ; July 14, 1901, 91° ; July 
 15, 1901, 90°. 
 
34 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 
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TWENTIETH CEXTURV BUFFALO. 35 
 
 On but ninety-two days during the thirty-one years did the thermometer record a tempera- 
 ture of zero or below, and on only four occasions did the mercury fall to 10° or more below 
 zero. The coldest day recorded was January 25, 1884, when 13.5° below was reached. On 
 February 9, 1875, again on February 11, 1885, and still again on February 7, 1895, the 
 mercury touched 13° below. The records further show that February has had the majority of 
 these cold days, while December has had only si.x days to her credit which showed zero or 
 below and only two of them that touched 6° below. In this connection it should be noted 
 that never during the entire thirty-one years have there been more than three consecutive days 
 on which the temperature fell below zero Fahrenheit, while cases of sunstroke are exceedingly 
 rare. 
 
 The Buffalo office of the Weather Bureau was established November 1, 1870, in the Western 
 Union Department in the Hollister Building. In 1871 the plant was removed to the Weed 
 Block, where it remained for ten years, when it was moved to the White Building. In 1883 
 another change was made to the Board of Trade Building, where thirteen years were spent. In 
 February, 1896, the office was removed to the Prudential Building, where it is now located. 
 The Bureau occupies large and coiTimodious quarters on the thirteenth floor, commanding a 
 magnificent view of the Niagara River, Lake Erie, and the Canadian shores, while a large 
 section of Buffalo lies stretched out to the north and west. The office is fitted with the latest 
 and most improved instruments for recording weather conditions. The private office of the 
 Local Forecaster, David Cuthbertson, and the printing office, where the forecasts are printed, 
 adjoin the observer's room. The instruments in the latter room are connected by electrical 
 system with those in the tower, which reaches to a height of forty-five feet from the roof, and 
 215 feet from the ground. From this tower the warning lights can be seen a distance of from 
 four to five miles up Lake Erie, one of the lights being plainly visible from a point beyond 
 Crystal Beach. 
 
 The Bureau has charge over lakes Erie and Ontario, and local forecasts are made for Buffalo 
 and vicinity. More than 500 maps are sent out daily, together with 1,500 postal cards, on 
 which the forecast is printed. The New York Central and other trunk line systems are sup- 
 plied daily with forecast cards, which they distribute to every village, hamlet, and station on 
 their lines throughout Western New York. A specialty is made of reports affecting the marine 
 shipping, and every boat owner, captain and shipper on the Great Lakes watches the weather 
 conditions and pins his faith to the reports made by the bureau. The State climate and crop 
 reports are also issued weekly and monthly from this office, and from here are distributed all 
 over the State of New York. On July 1st, the office inaugurated the issuing of forecasts of the 
 rise and fall of the water in Lake Erie. At present every branch of the Weather Bureau is 
 handled in Twentieth Century Buffalo. 
 
 Mr. David Cuthbertson, the Local Forecaster, became identified with the Buffalo office in 
 1872, and in 1884 was placed in charge of the local office. His eminent fitness for this 
 important position was demonstrated by the high rank which Buffalo holds among the stations 
 in the department, and the accuracy of his forecasts have established him as an authority and 
 have gained for him universal confidence. During the Pan-American Exposition Mr. Cuth- 
 bertson had charge of the magnificent exhibit made by the LInited States Government, which 
 attracted general attention. 
 
 The members of Mr. Cuthbertson' s office staff consists of F. T. Williams and William G. 
 Schoppe, observers ; John T. Hurley, printer ; and .\lbert F. Magrum, messenger. 
 
36 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 HENRY W BKENDEL, 
 
 Collector of U. S. Customs and Custodian of Butlalo Federal Building. (See page 37.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUIFALO. 
 
 37 
 
 FEDERAL BUILDING. POST-OFFICE, CLSlii.M IUiL>L. LlC. 
 
 FEDERAL BUILDING. DEPARTMENTS, AND OFFICIALS. 
 
 The Buffalo offices of the various departments of the United States service of this section 
 are located in the new Federal building, which occupies the entire square bounded by Ellicott, 
 South Division, Oak, and Swan streets, and is five stories high. The main front on Ellicott 
 Street is 220 feet in length and the depth to Oak Street is 260 feet. The tower in the center 
 of the main front is 230 feet above the sidewalk grade. The building and site cost, approxi- 
 mately, $2,000,000.* The cornerstone was laid June 19, 1897, and the building was 
 dedicated March 20, 1901. 
 
 The post-office department occupies the first floor ; on the second floor are quarters for the 
 inspector of railway mail service, the vessel and boiler inspection service, special examiners 
 for the U. S. Pension Bureau, U. S. Post-office Inspector, Assistant Custodian, and a room is 
 provided for periodical civil service examinations. The third floor is devoted to the use of the 
 Collector of Customs, the Internal Revenue department, the life savings stations, special agent 
 of the Treasury department, and the Immigration Inspector. The fourth floor is used by the 
 I'nited States District and Circuit Court judges and officials, and the Pension Agent of the 
 district. The fifth floor is used by the Engineer in charge of the lighthouse and harbor works 
 in the district, and for the accommodation of railway mail clerks. 
 
 The Collector of Customs, Henry W. Brendel, is the official custodian of the building, the 
 active work being supervised by his assistant, Charles F. Moore, in charge of a force of thirty- 
 five persons, including engineers, firemen, elevator men, laborers, and charwomen. 
 
 The chief officials occujoying the Federal building are : Collector of Customs, Henry W. 
 Brendel ; Appraiser of Merchandise, Henry S. Hill ; Postmaster, Fred Greiner ; Chief Clerk 
 Railway Mail Service, H. McLellan Wade ; Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue, Adolph 
 G. Frankenstein, the Collector, Archie D. Sanders, being located in Rochester ; United States 
 
 •Increased by Congress, 1902, to j!'2,033,000. Provision made at same time for selling old Federal Building 
 and covering the proceeds into the U. S. Treasury. 
 
38 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 WILLIAM H. BRADISH, 
 Special Deputy Collector oi Customs — Buttalo Office, 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY HUFFALO. 
 
 39 
 
 Engineer, Major Thomas A. Symons ; Judge United States District Court, John R. Hazel ; 
 District Attorney, Charles H. Brown ; United States Pension Agent, Charles A. Orr ; Inspect- 
 or of Hulls, Frederick L. R. Pope ; Inspector of Boilers, Joseph G. Schumacker ; Immigra- 
 tion Inspector, Thos. O'Reilly ; U. S. Navy Lighthouse Establishment, Commander, Andrew 
 Dunlap ; Superintendent U. S. Life Saving Station, Captain Edwin E. Chapman ; Special 
 Examiner Pension Department, Captain J. Woodburn ; Board of Pension Surgeons, Dr. Wm. 
 \V. Potter, President ; Dr. Thompson and Dr. L. Burrows, Jr. 
 
 The officials and scope of the work of the chief departments above enumerated are set 
 forth in the following reports : 
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE. 
 
 The United States Custom District of Buffalo Creek comprises all the waters and shores of 
 
 Lake Erie or the River of Niagara within the State of New York, and from Tonawanda Creek 
 
 to the eastern shore of Cattaragus Creek, in which Buffalo is the port of entry, with sub-ports at 
 
 Black Rock, foot of Ferry Street, foot Main Street, East Buffalo Stock Yards, and Tonawanda. 
 
 The Principal Offici.\ls are : Collector, Henry W. 
 Brendel ; Special Deputy Collector, William H. Bradish ; 
 Appraiser of Merchandise, Henry S. Hill ; Entry and 
 Liquidation Clerk, Edwin C. Clark ; Marine Clerk, 
 Max Kaliski ; Clearance Clerk, Fred A. Smith ; 
 Cashier, Edward G. Boysen ; Impost and Statistical 
 Clerk, Frank Lenhard ; Warehouse Bookkeeper, Dewitt 
 C. Stiles ; Entry Clerk, George W. Miller ; .\ssistant 
 Entry Clerk, Geo. A. Hochreiter ; Bonding Clerk, 
 Frank L. Mayer ; Admeasurer of Vessels, Harmon K. 
 Huddleston ; Express Clerk, William Love ; Night 
 Clearance Clerk, James Shanahan ; Inspectors, Isaac 
 Scott, Thos. J. Downing, Theodore G. Dreher, John 
 W. Schmitt, Louis T- Fritz, Frank J. Stapf ; Messenger, 
 R. H. Jolley. 
 
 Officers at Intern.'^tion.ai. Bridge : Deputy 
 Collector, Geo. J. Bickel ; Inspectors, Lorenz Kellner, 
 Bernard F. Kenney, Louis E. Knodel, Martin Lauser, 
 Jr., Noble T. Barnes, John L. Zurbrick ; Clerk, Nicho- 
 las \V. Mullen. 
 
 Officers at Bl.\ck Rock Ferry : Deputy Col- 
 lector, Philip Leininger ; Inspector, Walter H. Hall- 
 stead. 
 
 Officers at East Buffalo: Inspector of Live 
 Stock, vacant ; Night Inspector, M. J. Faux ; Store- 
 keeper, William J. Patterson. 
 
 Officer at Tonawanda : Deputy Collector. Fred- 
 erick Diedrich. 
 
 Officer at Grand Island: Deputy Collector, 
 Henry W. Long. 
 
 Statistics: Total value of American products, etc., exported to Canada during the past 
 five years was $52,819,091. 
 
 Total value of imports free of duty for the past five years, §5,443,770. Value of im- 
 ports during the same time subject to duty, $14,751,450; duties collected, §3,515,373.73. 
 
 Value of imports from January 1 to June 30, 1902, 81,079,771. Receipts from all sources 
 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902, 1848,848.34. 
 
 Importations and Duties : The principal articles imported at this port and the rate of 
 duties assessed thereon are as follows, viz : 
 
 Cattle, less than one year old, f 2 per head ; 
 one year old or over, valued not more than fl-t 
 per head, $3.75 per head ; valued at more than .$14 
 per head, 27^2 per cent. Horses, valued at $150 
 or less, $30 per head ; valued at over $150 each, 
 25 per cent. Sheep, less than one year old, 75c. per 
 head ; one year old and over, $1.50 per head. Poultry 
 live, 3c. per pound ; wheat, 25c. per bushel ; cotton 
 manufactures, 45 per cent. ; china and earthernware, 
 plain, 55 per cent. ; china and earthenware, decorated, 
 60 per Cent. ; eggs, 3c. per dozen ; flax manufacturers, 
 45 per cent. ; fish, fresh, frozen or packed in ice, 3^c. 
 per lb.; fresh water fish, n. s. p. f., l{c. per lb.; 
 flowers, natural, 25 per cent.; fruits, apples, 25c. per 
 bu. ; berries, edible, in their natural condition, Ic. per 
 qt. ; lemons, Ic. per lb.; oranges, Ic. per lb.; peaches, 
 quinces, cherries, plums, and pears, 25c. per bu. ; glass- 
 ware, dec, 60 per cent.; manufactured glass, 45 per 
 cent. ; hay, $4 per ton ; hides, 15 per cent. ; honey, 20c. 
 per gall. ; hops, 12c. per lb. ; scrap iron and steel, $4 
 per ton ; pig iron, $4 per ton ; machinery, 45 per cent. ; 
 jewelry, 60 per cent. ; leather, 20 per cent. ; leather, 
 manufactured, 35 per cent.; harness, etc., 45 per cent.; 
 manufactured marble, 50 per cent. ; manufactured 
 
 metal, 45 per cent.; musical instruments, 45 per cent.; 
 paints, 30 percent.; manufactured paper, 35 percent.; 
 perfumery, 60c. per lb. and 45 per cent. ; pipes, 60 per 
 cent.; plants, 25 per cent.; manufactured plaster, 35 
 per cent. ; bacon and hams, 5c. per lb. ; beef, 2c. per 
 lb. ; lard, 2c. per lb. ; mutton, 2c. per lb. ; pork, 2c. 
 per lb.; poultry, dressed, 5c. per lb.; veal, 2c. per lb.; 
 butter, 6c. per lb. ; cheese 6c. per lb. ; milk 2c. per lb. ; 
 seeds, 30 per cent. ; silk, manufactured, 50 per cent. ; 
 brandy, etc., $2.25 per proof gall. ; straw, manufactured, 
 30 per cent. ; sugar above No. 16 Dutch standaril, .0195 
 per lb.; tin manufactures, 45 per cent.; tobacco leaf 
 (wrapper), $1.85 per lb.; tobacco leaf (filler), 35c. per 
 lb.; cigars, $4.50 per lb. and 25 per cent.; beans 45c. 
 per bu. ; cabbages, 3c. each ; onions, 40c. per bu. ; 
 pease, 40c. per bu. ; potatoes, 25c. per bu. ; still wines 
 in qt. bottles, $1.60 per doz. ; champagne in qt. bottles, 
 $8 per doz.; boards, planks, etc., $2 per M ft.; 
 shingles, 30c. per M; staves, 10 per cent.; manu- 
 factured wood, 35 per cent. ; wool (class one), 22c. per 
 lb.; wool (class two), 36c. per lb.; wool (class three), 
 44c. per lb. and 55 per cent. ; wool clothing, 44c. per 
 lb. and 60 per cent. ; tea, 10c. per lb. 
 
40 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 HENRY S. HILL. 
 Appraiser of Merchandise, U. S. Customs. Buffalo Office, 
 
TWKNTIKTII CKNTLRV BUFFALO. 41 
 
 BUFFALO HARBOR— UNIIED STATES ENGINEERS' DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Government aid was first invoked for Buffalo harbor in 182(5. In that year $1-5,000 was 
 granted for improvements at the mouth of Buffalo Creek. Small appropriations were made, 
 sometimes at intervals of several years, up to the Civil War. From 1866 to 1894, frequent and 
 larger appropriations were made and large sums were expended on works which, like the sea 
 wall, have since been abandoned. Much work was done on the several outer breakwaters in 
 forms of construction, which either could not withstand the onslaught of old Erie's waves or 
 were soon superseded by other and better forms of construction. The money spent had already 
 mounted into the millions, when the passage of the River and Harbor act of 1896 appropriated 
 for Buffalo harbor work an aggregate of S2, 200,000, with the stipulation that not more than 
 25 jier cent, of it could be expended in any one year. But this act which was based on the 
 carefully-worked out plans of the engineers, put the work on a new basis, and by guaranteeing 
 its continuance made it possible to plan and execute to far better purpose than had ever been 
 the case before. The new period of construction began in May. 1897, and has continued, 
 without other interruption than the winters, to the present time. 
 
 The Federal Government has spent on Buffalo harbor, from 1826 to July 1902, over 
 $;").000,000. Much of this went for work, in the earlier years, of which little or no trace 
 remains. But the work now going forward is of an entirely different order, likely to be as 
 permanent as the works of man are anywhere. When the remaining portion of the stone break- 
 water is completed, Buffalo will have by far a greater length of breakwater than any other city 
 in the world. From Stony Point to the end of the north breakwater there are 22,500 feet of 
 breakwater construction, most of it in the form and material most approved by the expert 
 engineers ; a breakwater nearly double in length the famous one at Cherbourg, France, usually 
 cited as the greatest old world achievement in this line. 
 
 Major Symons, United States Engineer, in charge of the Buffalo harbor work, reported to 
 the compiler of Twentieth Centurv Buffalo, as follows : "Total cost to May 1, 1902, of 
 Buffalo harbor construction and improvements, $4,680,841.02. Amount expended from May 
 1, 191)1, to May 1, 1902, $548,469.81. Amount appropriated by Congress for harbor work 
 still available, 8330,349.60. The work on harbor from May 1, 1901, to May 1, 1902, con- 
 sisted of finishing the north breakwater protecting the entrance to Erie Basin and Black Rock 
 Harbor, of extending the stone breakwater .southward to Stony Point, and of replacing with 
 concrete the timber crib superstructure wrecked by storm of November 12, 1900. The 
 extension of the stone breakwater is still in progress, and will probably be finished next season."* 
 
 Congress has appropriated for future harbor work as follows : 830,000 for maintenance and 
 for removal of rock shoal in the entrance of Buffalo harbor below the junction of Buffalo River 
 and the City Ship Canal ; S20(),0()0 for improving Lake Erie entrance to Black Rock harbor and 
 Erie Basin, with a provision for a continuing contract for the completion of the said improve- 
 ment not to exceed in the aggregate $614,643, in addition to the $200,000 ; and $257,500 for 
 imjiroving Tonawanda harbor and Niagara River, including the dredging of Tonawanda harbor. 
 
 Buffalo was the first lake city at which a fully-exposed breakwater was built ; the first to 
 have a stone breakwater : and the first city on the lakes, and it is believed in the world, at 
 which a stone breakwater has been built with a gravel hearting, and for which the "concrete 
 shell" construction was adopted and used surmounting timber crib work. Better than the 
 mere fact of precedence, however, is the superb outer harbor, which has been made over 600 
 acres, with twenty feet and more in depth, and about 700 acres between the breakwater and the 
 established harbor line, which coincides generally with the eighteen-foot curve, all good anchor- 
 age ground. 
 
 * Contract also awarded for the construction of three lighthouses for $28,000. 
 
42 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 FRED GREINER. 
 Postmaster. Buffalo Office. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 43 
 
 The foregoing all refers to the outer harbor, as the Federal supervision does not extend to the 
 inner harbor, the needs of which are to be looked after by the city and private owners. .\ part 
 of this subject is under consideration of the Harbor Commission, appointed by Mayor Diehl on 
 January 15, 1900, under a resolution which had been adopted by the Common Council. It is 
 composed of the Hon. George Clinton, Chairman ; R. K. Smither, J. N. Adam, John H. 
 Ludwig, E. C. McDougal, Rowland B. Mahany, and William Summers. William S. Rann 
 is the attorney to the Commission. The resolution authorizing the appointment of this com- 
 mission directed it to ascertain what rights, if any, the public have to the water front at any 
 place south of Porter Avenue and to make recommendations to the Common Council. 
 
 The Common Council will recommend an enabling Act of Legislature for an appropriation 
 of $350,000 for harbor improvements, bonding the city for the necessary amount, the money 
 to be raised by local a.ssessment and from the general fund, half and half. 
 
 POST-OFFICE. 
 
 Postmaster, Fred Greiner ; Assistant Postmaster, Oliver A. Jenkins ; Secretary, Charles H. 
 Rudolf; Auditor, Harrison G. Sells; Cashier, Daniel E. Freischlag ; Assistant Cashier, Wil- 
 liam F. Emery ; Chief of Stamp Department, Edward S. IngersoU ; Superintendent Inquiry 
 Division, Charles A. Watson ; Superintendent Registry Division, Marvin S. Burt ; Assistant 
 Superintendent Registry Division, James S. Kennedy ; Superintendent Money Order Division, 
 Charles E. Harris ; Assistant Superintendent Money Order Division, John F. Hewlett ; Super- 
 intendent of Mails, Robert Eichel ; Assistant Superintendent of Mails, Alonzo M. Vincent ; 
 Superintendent Delivery Division, John D. Leib ; Assistant Superintendent Delivery Division, 
 Fred C. Williams ; Superintendent of Carriers and Stations, John S. Bartlett. 
 
 STATISTICS. 
 
 Number of clerks employed, 184. 
 Number of letter carriers, 231. 
 
 Sub-stations : A, 797 William Street, George E. 
 Washburn, Superintendent ; B, G7-69 Forest Avenue, 
 Francis W. Bagot, Superintendent ; C, 1413 Main Street, 
 Frederic Bennett, Superintendent ; D, 75.5 Seneca Street, 
 Nicholas J. Furlong, Superintendent ; E, 1120 Genesee 
 Street, Charles E. Stein, Superintendent. 
 
 Branch Stations : 1, 2137 Seneca Street ; 2, 1493 
 Elk Street; 3, 312-314 Elk Street; 4, 569 Walden Avenue; 
 5, 1175 Lovejoy Street ; 6, 1223 Jefferson Street ; 7. 
 2321 Main Street ; 8, 225 Allen Street ; 9, 214 Ellicott 
 Square ; 10, 1985 Niagara Street ; 11, 306 West Ferry 
 Street ; 12, 238 Lexington Avenue ; 13, 1123 Broad- 
 way ; 14, 586 Main Street ; 15, 282 Amherst Street ; 
 16, Prudential Building ; 17, 150 Rhode Island Street ; 
 18, 594 Niagara Street ; 19, 351 Potomac Avenue ; 
 20, 1376 Fillmore Avenue ; 21, 380 William Street ; 
 22, 524 Niagara Street ; 23, 776 Tonawanda Street ; 
 24, 1595 Broadway ; 25, 931 Main Street ; 26, 2648 Main 
 Street ; 27, 720 Elmwood Avenue ; 28, 399 West Avenue ; 
 29, 958 Clmton Street ; 30, 895 Genesee Street ; 31, 225 
 East Genesee Street ; 32, 346 North Division Street ; 
 33, 276 Triangle Street ; 34, 2-iO Carolina Street ; 3.5, 
 80 School Street ; 36, 1167 Niagara Street ; 37, 400 
 Connecticut Street ; 38, Live Stock Exchange ; 39, 574 
 Genesee Street ; 40, 1133 Seneca Street ; 41, 279 Bryant 
 Street ; 42, 705 Broadway ; 43, 182 Mulberry Street ; 
 44, 69 West Avenue ; 45, 429 Rhode Island Street ; 46, 
 335 Herkimer Street ; 47, D. S. Morgan Building ; 48, 
 Erie County Bank Building ; 49, 35 State Building ; 
 
 50, Dun Building; 51, 256-2-58 Main Si reel ; 52. 332 
 Franklin Street ; 53, 1360 Delaware Avenue ; 54, 1128 
 Main Street. 
 
 Statistics from last annual report : Postal 
 Receipts for calendar year endmg December 31, 1901, 
 $1,019,132.3.5. 
 
 Postal Receipts for calendar year ending December 
 31, 1900, $845,959.67. 
 
 Money-Order business transacted fiscal year ending 
 June 30, 1901 (Main Offtce only), 536,863 transactions, 
 in amount $8,788,924.98. 
 
 Mail matter handled by Mailing Division (outgoing 
 matter only), fiscal year ending June 30, 1901 — first-class 
 matter, 83,183,640 pieces ; afl other classes, 20,925,435 
 pieces ; total, 104,109,075 pieces. 
 
 Business transacted by Registry Division fiscal year 
 ending June 30, 1901 — total number registered pieces 
 handled 700,342 ; total number pieces registered, 87,047; 
 total number registered pieces delivered, 179,024. 
 
 Total number of pieces special delivery mail received 
 for delivery fiscal year ending June 30, 1901, 79,756. 
 
 St.\tistics for current year, to July 1st : Postal 
 Receipts. Januarv, $87,031.98; February, $75,882.14; 
 .March, $89,070.67; .\pril, $90,855.68; May, $86,- 
 028.65; June, $82,721.73. 
 
 Total for fiscal year, $1,032,809.00 
 
 Increase over previous year, 105,647.94 
 
 FRED GREINER, 
 
 Postmaster^ 
 
44 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
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TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 45 
 
 UNITED STATES PENSION AGENCY. 
 
 The United States Pension Agency for Western New York was first established at Canan- 
 daigua in 1H(34. It was removed to Syracuse in 1879 and to Buffalo in 1888. L. M. Drury of 
 Canandaigiia was the first agent, appointed in 1864, serving until 1879 ; being succeeded by 
 Theodore L. Poole of Syracuse, who served from 1879 to 1888. His successor was Jacob 
 Schenkelberger of Buffalo, who served from 1888 to 1893. Charles A. Orr succeeded him and 
 served less than a year, his successor, Samuel E. Nichols, being appointed in 1898 and serving 
 imtil 1898, when Mr. Orr was reappointed in 1898 and again in 1902. 
 
 In the United States there are eighteen pension agencies, located at the following cities : 
 Augusta, Me.; Boston, Mass.; Buffalo, N. Y.; Chicago, 111.; Columbus, O.; Concord, N. H.; 
 Des Moines, Iowa ; Detroit, Mich. ; Indianapolis, Ind. ; Knoxville, Tenn. ; Louisville, Ky. ; 
 Milwaukee, Wis.; New York. N. Y. ; Philadelphia, Pa.; Pittsburg, Pa.; San Francisco, Cal.; 
 Topeka, Kan.; Washington, D. C. 
 
 Pensioners are paid quarterly, the Buffalo Agency paying in the months of January, .\pril, 
 July, and October. This agency comprises the thirty-seven counties of Western New York. 
 
 During the fiscal year ended June HO, 1902, there were 47,242 pensioners on the rolls of 
 the Buffalo Agency, classified as follows: General Law — Invalids, 15,886; army nurses, 
 21; widows, 4,674; widows with children, 96; minors, 49; mothers, 808; fathers, 179; 
 brothers, sisters, sons, and daughters, 2. Act June 27, 1890 — Invalids, 19,129; widows, 
 5,526; widows with children, 562; minors, 185; mothers, 199; fathers, 108; helpless chil- 
 dren, 60. 
 
 War of 1812, survivor, 1 ; widows, War of 1812, 102 ; Mexican War, survivors, 66 ; Mex- 
 ican War, widows, 80 ; Indian War, survivors, 3 ; Indian War, widows, 6. 
 
 There is now — July, 1902 — but one survivor of the war of 1812 in the United States. 
 He is paid from the Buffalo Agency. His name is Hiram Cronk and he resides at North 
 Western, Oneida County, N. Y. He is past one hundred years of age. 
 
 Total disbursements for the year was $6,288,346.78. The addition to the rolls during the 
 year was 2,270 ; loss by death and other causes, 2,292 ; showing a total loss to the rolls of 22 
 pensioners. 
 
 PENSION AGENT ORR. 
 
 The public record of Pension Agent Charles A. Orr is a most remarkable and honorable 
 one. Born at Holland, Erie County, N. Y., June 28, 1848, among the many important posi- 
 tions he has efficiently filled are Supervisor of Holland, Member of Assembly, Sergeant at- 
 Arms of the Assembly for two terms. Special Deputy County Clerk of Erie County, serving six 
 years. In 1885 he was elected County Clerk. In 1888 he was reelected, this being the first 
 instance of a County Clerk succeeding himself in the history of the office in Erie County. By 
 President Harrison, Mr. Orr was appointed United States Pension Agent at Buffalo, January 3, 
 1893, but retired upon President Cleveland's election in November of the same year. He was 
 Chairman of the Republican County Committee of Erie County. In the summer of 1895 he 
 was appointed State Examiner of Court and Trust Funds by Comptroller James A. Roberts. In 
 1898 he was again appointed United States Pension Agent at Buffalo by President McKinley, 
 and in 1902 was reappointed by President Roosevelt. Mr. Orr has disbursed as Pension .\gent 
 for the thirty-seven counties of Western New York, during the last four years, $25,586,507.94. 
 
 At the age of sixteen he enlisted as a private in Co. G, 187th N. Y. Vols. Among other 
 recognitions of his bravery and patriotism he was awarded by Congress a Medal of Honor, 
 "for distinguished gallantry," for the part he took in the battle of Hatcher's Run, Va., Octo- 
 ber 27, 1864. 
 
46 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 STATE SENATOR, GEORGE A. DAVIS. 
 
 Representing the 49th Senatorial District. A consistent friend of the Erie Canal. (See page 51.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 47 
 
 He has always been active in the affairs of the G. A. R., being a member of Chapin Post 
 No. 2 of Buffalo. He is at present Commander, a position to which he has been elected nine 
 times, the last eight being by unanimous vote. At the thirty-fifth annual encampment of the 
 Department of New York, in June, 1901, he was elected Department Commander. 
 
 INTERNAL REVENUE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Internal Revenue taxes collected 
 are reported as follows : 
 
 Miscellaneous, including legacy taxes, 
 1901 
 
 Miscellaneous, including legacy taxes 
 to Tune 1, 1902, 
 
 Beer, 1901, 
 
 Beer, to June 1, 1902, 
 
 Spirits, 1901, 
 
 Spirits, to June 1, 1902 
 
 Cigars and Tobacco, 1901, .... 
 
 Cigars and Tobacco, to June 1, 1902, 
 
 .Special taxes, 1901, 
 
 Special taxes, to June 1, 1902, 
 
 year 1901, and during the first five months in 1902, 
 
 |; 72,447.91 
 
 13,317.64 
 
 1,395,107.14 
 
 461,659.00 
 
 28,223.47 
 
 .5,589.87 
 
 111.964.85 
 
 40,875.34 
 
 103,807.49 
 
 4,877.19 
 
 Mixed Flour, 1901 $ 60.80 
 
 ♦Documentary and Proprietary stamps, 
 
 1901 164,755.27 
 
 ♦Documentary and Proprietary stamps, 
 
 to June 1, 1902, 19,052.53 
 
 Total, $2,424,738.50 
 
 ♦July 1, 1902, what were known as war taxes were 
 abolished by Act of Congress. The duty on beer was 
 also reduced from ."ll.OO to $1.00 per barrel, and on 
 tobacco from 9^^^ cents to 6 cents per pound. 
 
 THE ERIE CANAL. 
 
 From the early years of the Nineteenth Century attention had been drawn to the feasibility 
 of connecting the waters of Lake Erie with the Hudson River by a great canal. The subject 
 was introduced as early as 1803 by Gouverneur Morris, although the Western Inland Lock 
 Navigation Company, which was incorporated in 1792, was a practical forerunner of the canal. 
 This company constructed a canal and locks around Little Falls, in the Mohawk Valley, open- 
 ing water communication westward to Lake Ontario. In 1808, Joshua Forman of Onondaga 
 County introduced into the Assembly a resolution providing for the appointment of a joint 
 commission to consider the subject of " a canal between the Hudson River and Lake Erie." 
 In 1810, Gouverneur Morris, Stephen Van Rensselaer, DeVVitt Clinton, Simeon DeWitt, Wil- 
 liam North, Thomas Eddy, and Peter B. Porter were appointed by the Legislature as Commis- 
 sioners to explore the proposed routes. In June, 1812, an act was framed authorizing the 
 borrowing of 15,000,000, but the war stopped all progress and two years later the act was 
 repealed. In 1816, the project was revived, and on July 4, 1817, practical work was com- 
 menced at Rome. The middle section, from Utica to Montezuma, was finished in July, 1820; 
 the eastern section was completed in October, 1823 ; the western section was completed in the 
 fall of 1825, and the great waterway was opened for travel October 25th. 
 
 In 1899, the Governor of the State appointed an Advisory Canal Commission to determine 
 what should be done in the line of improving the Erie Canal. Of this commission, John N. 
 Scatcherd and Major Thomas W. Symons, U. S. A., of Buffalo, are members. This commis- 
 sion has reported in favor of a practical rebuilding of the Erie Canal at an expense of about 
 860,000,000, the project calling for a canal which can be navigated by boats 150 feet long and 
 twenty-five feet wide, with ten feet draft of water, carrying about 1,000 tons of cargo, or more 
 than four times the cargo carried by the present type of canal boat. This matter will be made 
 the subject of action at the next session of the State Legislature. 
 
 The Erie Canal cost $52,540,800, is 387 miles in length, of an average depth of seven 
 feet, and has seventy-two locks. 
 
48 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 JUSTICE TRUMAN C. WHITE. 
 Dean of the Supreme Court in Erie County. (See page 51.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 49 
 
 The Buffalo office was formerly the most important on the line of the Erie Canal, and car- 
 ried a large force of clerks. The opposition of the steam trunk lines, combined with the 
 inadequate facilities offered for the transportation of cargoes in tonnage of sufficient size to pay 
 the forwarders, has operated against the State waterway, and the business has dropped to a 
 marked degree. To-day but three clerks are required to conduct the business of the office. 
 The decline in shipment of flour alone shows how the canal traffic has deteriorated. In 
 1892, nearly 65,000 barrels were cleared from Buffalo for the East. Last year but thirty bar- 
 rels were sent to tidewater. The proposed enlargement of the canal and its improvement, as 
 recommended by the commission, is believed to be the only remedy for this condition of affairs 
 and the saving of the canal. 
 
 During the year 1901 the total tonnage cleared from Buffalo was 523,969 tons, carried on 
 3,407 boats, and valued at 815,668,.S44 ; the receipts were of 345,262 tons, valued at 826,196,- 
 152, or a total of 869,231 tons, valued at 34,864,996. The shipment of grain east was 
 17,853,500 bushels, of which wheat was 7,043,922; corn, 3,080,020; oats, 5,459,776; bar- 
 ley, 1,900,986; rye, 368,796. In other lines the shipments were : lumber, 17,189,820 feet ; 
 staves, 300,000 lbs.; flax seed, 58,421,856 bushels; pig iron, 10,533,990 lbs.; coal, 220 tons; 
 merchandise, 136,008,366 lbs.; sundries, 58,866,507 lbs. ; stone, lime, etc., 36,788,640 lbs. ; 
 iron and steel, 1,811,520 lbs.; sugar, 147,589,746 lbs.; coftee, 428,310 lbs.; iron ore, 
 17,091,191 lbs. 
 
 The officials in charge of the Buffalo office are W. M. Hawkins, collector ; Andrew Shields, 
 J. J. Snyder, and A. M. Williams, clerks. 
 
 THE JUDICIARY. 
 
 The Eighth Judicial District, which is composed of Erie, Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautau- 
 qua, Genesee, Niagara, Orleans, and Wyoming counties, was established under the Constitution 
 of 1846, which abolished the Supreme Court as it then existed. On April 27, 1870, the Leg- 
 islature of the State of New York abolished the general terms as then existing and divided the 
 State into four departments, providing for general terms to be held in each. The Eighth 
 Judicial District constitutes a part of the Fourth Department.^ 
 
 The Justices of the Supreme Court who have represented Erie County since 1847 were 
 Seth E. Sill, Benjamin F. Green, James G. Hoyt, Charles Daniels, .\lbert Haight, Loran L. 
 Lewis, Manly C. Green, Edward W. Hatch, Frank C. Laughlin, Robert C. Titus, Truman C. 
 White, and Daniel J. Kenefick. The pre.sent sitting Justices are Hon. Henry A. Childs, 
 Orleans County ; Hon. John S. Lambert, Chautauqua County ; Hon. Truman C. White and 
 Hon. Daniel J. Kenefick, Erie County; Hon. Warren B. Hooker, Chautauqua County ; and 
 Hon. Frederick W. Kruse, Cattaraugus County, who hold terms in this District ; Hon. Edward 
 W. Hatch and Hon. Frank C. Laughlin, both of Erie County, who are assigned to the Appel- 
 late Division, First Department ; Hon. .\lfred Spring, Cattaraugus County, assigned to Appel- 
 late Division, Fourth Department ; and Hon. John Woodward, assigned to Appellate Division, 
 Second Department. They are elected for a term of fourteen years each, and receive a salary 
 of 87,200 a year. 
 
 The County Court was also created under the Constitution of 1846. The following have 
 filled the office : Frederick P. Stevens, Jesse Walker, James Sheldon, Stephen Lockwood, Ros- 
 
 * A constitutional amendment creating three new Justices of the Supreme Court in the Eighth Judicial District 
 will probably be in eflfect for the election in November, 1904. 
 
50 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 HON. ROBERT C. TITUS. 
 
 Admitted to the bar ol Erie County, 1S66; Supervisor, 1868-1871: District Attorney, 1878-1880; State Senator, 
 1882-188.-,; Judge of Superior Court, 18S6-18M; Justice of Supreme Court, 18!M-18n8. 
 
TWENTIKTH CENTURY BUFKAI.O. 51 
 
 well L. Burrows, Albert Haight, George W. Cothran, William W. Hammond, Joseph V. Sea- 
 ver, and Edward K. Emery, now on the bench. He was elected in 1X95 and reelected in 
 1901. The term of office is si.^c years and the salary 86,000 a year. 
 
 The Surrogate's Court of Erie County was erected in 1821. Those who have held this 
 office since then are Roswell Chapin, Ebenezer Johnson, Martin Chittenden, Israel T. Hatch, 
 Samuel Caldwell, Thomas C. Love, Peter M. Vosburgh, Charles D. Norton, Abram Thorn, 
 Charles C. Severance, Jonathan Hascall, Horatio Seymour, Zebulon Ferris, Jacob Stern, and 
 Louis W. Marcus, elected in 1895 and reelected in 1901. The term is six years and the 
 salary $6,000. 
 
 An Act of the Legislature of May 20, 1880, created the Municipal Court of the City of 
 Buffalo, with two Judges, the term of office being six years and the salary §4,000 a year. The 
 Judges since the erection of this Court were Ceorge S. Wardwell, George A. Lewis, William 
 W. Brown, Charles W. Hinson, Louis Braunlein, and Otto W. Volger. The last two named 
 are the present incumbents. 
 
 The LInited States District Cotirt is presided over by Hon. John R. Hazel, salary $5,000 a 
 year; U. S. District Attorney, Charles H. Brown ; Assistant LJ. S. District Attorneys, Wesley 
 C. Dudley, S. Wallace Dempsey. 
 
 In 1818, a law was passed creating the office of District Attorney in each county. The 
 following have held office in Erie County : Herman B. Potter, Thomas C. Love, George P. 
 Barker, Henry K. Smith, Henry W. Rogers, Solomon G. Haven, George P. Barker, Benjamin 
 H. Austin, Charles H. S. Williams, John L. Talcott, Albert Sawin, James M. Humphrey, 
 Freeman J. Fithian, Cyrenius C Torrance, Lyman K. Bass, Benjamin H. Williams, D. N. 
 Lockwood, Robert C. Titus, Edward W. Hatch, George T. Quinby, Daniel J. Kenefick, and 
 Thomas Penney, serving in 1902. The staff of this office are Frederick Haller, First 
 Assistant ; Willard H. Ticknor, Second Assistant ; Alonzo G. Hinkley, Third Assistant ; Dan- 
 iel J. Hanley, Managing Clerk ; and Guy Moore, Record Clerk. The salary of the District 
 Attorney is $5,000 a year and the term of office four years. The salaries of the staff are 
 $8,000, $2,500, $2,500, $1,500, $1,500, and $1,000, respectively. 
 
 The selection of jurors is made by Willis H. Meads, Jury Commissioner, and Henry H. 
 Seymour, Deputy Jury Commissioner. 
 
 The Hon. Truman C. White, who is the Dean of the Erie County Supreme Court, is a 
 native of Perrysburg, N. Y., where he was born April 30, 1840. He is a veteran of the civil 
 war, serving four years in the 10th N. Y. Vol. Cavalry, of which organization he was First 
 Lieutenant. He was admitted to the Erie County bar in 1867, locating in Buffalo. He was 
 elected Justice of the Superior Court in 1.H91, and on the abolishment of that Court, January 
 1, 1896, took his seat on the Supreme Court bench. As a lawyer and jurist, Justice White has 
 achieved eminence, and is highly respected for his ability, honesty, and integrity, and his 
 comprehensive knowledge of the law. 
 
 LEGISLATIVE. 
 
 In 1821, the County of Erie was erected from Niagara County, and in the following year 
 formed, with Niagara and Chautauqua counties, the Thirteenth Congressional District. The 
 Act of June 29, 1832, constituted Erie County alone the Thirty-second District. In 1894, 
 the Thirty-third District was formed. The present Rei)resentatives to Congress are William 
 H. Ryan, Thirty-second Congressional District, comprising the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6tli, 7th, 
 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 19th, and 20th wards ; and D. S. Ale.\ander, Thirty-third 
 
52 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 HON. LORAN L. LEWIS. 
 
 Admitted to the bar in Erie County, IS48. Elected State Senator, ISWiS; reelected, 1871; Justice of 
 Supreme Court, 18^2 to 1895. President Howard Iron Works. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 53 
 
 District, comprising the 15th, Kith, 17th, 18th, 21st, 22d, 2od, 24th, and 25th wards, and 
 all the towns of Erie County. The term of office is two years and the salary 85,000 a year. 
 
 Under the new apportionment of li)01, which goes into effect this year, and gives the State 
 of New York thirty-seven congressional districts, Erie County will be made n|) of the Thirty- 
 fifth and Thirty-sixth districts. The former will comprise the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, ()th, 7th, 
 8th, 9th, 10th, Uth, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, Kith, and LSth wards ; and the latter, the 17th, 
 19th, 20th, 21st, 22d, 23d, 24th, and 25th wards, and the twenty-five towns of Erie County. 
 
 Erie County is represented by three Senators in the State Legislature ; Henry W. Hill, 
 Forty-seventh District, comprising the 1st, 2d, 3d, (jth, 15th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22d, 23d, and 
 24th wards of Buffalo; Samuel J. Ramsperger, Forty-eighth District, comprising the 4th, 5th, 
 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, and 16th wards; and George A. Davis, Forty- 
 ninth District, comprising the 7th, 18th, and 25th wards of Buffalo and the twenty-five towns 
 in Erie County. The salary is $1,500 a year and mileage, and the term of office two years. 
 
 Hon. George A. Davis, senior Senator, is one of the best-known members of the bar of both 
 county and city, and highly esteemed at Albany. He was born in Buffalo, August 5, 1858, 
 and is a self-made man, working at the picture maker's trade to support himself while studying 
 law in the office of Day & Romer. He was admitted to practice in 1880. Senator Davis was 
 a member of the 74th Regiment N. G. N. Y., filling every position from private to commanding 
 officer. He represented the 9th Ward in the Board of Sujjervisors in 1885-1886, in the latter 
 year removing to Lancaster, which town he represented lor a number of years as Supervisor. 
 In 1889, 1894, and 1895 he was Chairman of the Board. He represented the Thirty-first 
 Senate District in the Constitutional Convention, serving on the committees on banking, insur- 
 ance, and military. In 1895, he was elected Senator of the Forty-ninth District, and was 
 reelected for three successive terms. 
 
 In the Assembly of the State of New York, Erie County, the rejiresentatives in 1902 were as 
 follows : First Assembly District, comprising the 1st, 2d, 3d, 6th, lUth, and 20th wards, John H. 
 Bradley; Second District, comprising the 15th, 21st, 22d, 23d, and 24th wards, Edward R. 
 O'Malley; Third District, comprising the 5th, 11th, and 14th wards, .\nthony J. Burke ; Fourth 
 District, comprising the 4th, 8th, 9th, and 10th wards, William Schneider ; Fifth District, 
 comprising the 7th, 12th, 13th, and 16th wards, Charles F. Brooks; Sixth Distrist, comprising 
 the 17th, 18th, and 25th wards, George Ruehl ; Seventh District, comprising the towns of 
 Elma, Marilla, Cheektowaga, Lancaster, Alden, Newstead, Clarence, Amherst, Tonawanda, 
 and Grand Island, John K. Patton of Tonawanda ; Eighth District, comprising the towns of 
 Collins, Concord, Sardinia, North Collins, Brant, Eden, Evans, Boston, Colden, Holland, 
 Wales, Aurora, East Hamburg, Hamburg, and West Seneca, Elijah J. Cook of Hamburg. 
 The term of office is one year and the salary $1,500 and mileage. 
 
 REVISION OF THE TAXES. 
 
 A committee was ajipointed by Mayor Knight, early in 1902, for the purpose of investigat- 
 ing the tax laws of the city and county with a view of securing desirable amendments to the 
 city charter. The committee is composed of two attorneys, William L. Marcy and James L. 
 Quackenbush, to look after the legal end of the bill ; two members of the Board of Council- 
 men, Christian Klinck and Simon Fleischman ; and three representatives of the Board of Al- 
 dermen, J. N. Adam, Neil McEachren, and Henry Landsheft. No results have yet been 
 achieved. 
 
54 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 WILLIAM H, DANIELS. 
 
 Treasurer o( Erie County, Member of Buffalo's leading ' Music " firm, Denton, 
 Cottier & Daniels. (See page 57.) 
 
TWENTIETH CKNTUKV BUFFALO. 55 
 
 STATE TAX RATK. 
 
 The State tax rate for the fiscal year was fixed by the Legislature at .13 of a mill. In sign- 
 ing the bill Governor Odell said : 
 
 " Following the precedents established by recent Legislatures of the same political faith, 
 it has sought to give effect to the many wise law.s relating to the subject of indirect taxation 
 through amendments which have increased the tax from corporations during the year ending 
 on October 1, lOO'i, over the preceding year by the sum of $2,972, 17L12, and the taxpayers 
 can look with confidence for a still further increase during the coming year, so that the State 
 treasury will be richer from these sources by at least .S.i, 500,000 over the year 1900. The 
 present administration has abso had the benefit of the revenues produced by the so-called 
 Raines Liquor Tax Law, which paid to the localities, while adding to the State's indirect reve- 
 nue 84,197,858.72 yearly, $5,474,448.82 more than was received by the counties annually 
 during the operation of the law which it repealed, thus refiiting the charge that it has deprived 
 the localities of their moneys and by indirec tion shifted the burden from the State to the 
 municipalities." 
 
 ERIE COUNTY. 
 
 The State of New York, created in 1683, consisted originally of ten counties: Albany, 
 Dutchess, Kings, New York, Orange, Queens, Richmond, Suffolk, LHster, and Westchester. 
 In 1772, Montgomery was built from Albany County, and from it, in 1789, wa,s erected 
 Ontario County. In 1802, a part of this became Genesee County. Six years later, Niagara 
 Covmty was taken from this territory, and from Niagara, in 1821, Erie County was erected. 
 
 Erie County contains 1,071 square miles land area, and 100 square miles Lake Erie area, 
 and is bounded on the north by the center of Tonavvanda Creek and by the center of the east 
 branch of Niagara River between Grand Island and Tonawanda from the mouth of the Tona- 
 wanda to the junction with the west branch. On the west by the line between the United 
 States and Canada from the junction up along the center of the west branch of the river and of 
 the whole river to Lake Erie, and then southwesterly along the middle of the lake to a point 
 where the international boundary makes a right angle with a line to the mouth of Cattaraugus 
 Creek. On the south by a line from such point of intersection to the mouth of the Cattarau- 
 gus, and thence up along the center of that creek to the crossing of the line between the fourth 
 and fifth ranges of the Holland Company's survey. On the east by the line between those 
 ranges from Cattaraugus Creek to Tonawanda Creek, except that for six miles opposite the 
 town of Marilla the county line is a mile and a quarter west of the range line, which is twenty- 
 three miles east of the center of Niagara River at the foot of Lake Erie and thirty-four and a 
 half miles east of the mouth of Cattaraugus Creek. The extreme length of Erie County north 
 and south is forty- three and a half miles, and its greatest width, including the lake portion, is 
 about thirty-nine miles. 
 
 The county is divided into three sections ; the City of Buffalo, consisting of twenty-five 
 wards ; the north towns, consisting of Alden, Amherst, Cheektowaga, Clarence, Grand Island, 
 Lancaster, Marilla, Newstead, and Tonawanda ; and the south towns, consisting of Aurora, 
 Brant, Boston, Colden, Concord, Collins, Eden, Elma, Evans, East Hamlnirg, Hamburg, 
 Holland, North Collins, Sardinia, West Seneca, and Wales. 
 
 COUNTY OFFICES. 
 The office of sheriff was created an elective one in 1821, the same year which marked the 
 erection of the County of Erie. The term of office is fixed at three years, and the incumbent 
 
56 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 LOUIS VV. MARCUS. 
 
 .Admitted to the bar in Erie County, lasS. Elected Surrogate, 1895; reelected, in ISin. 
 for a term of six years from January 1,1908. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY liUFFALO. 57 
 
 is ineligible to reelection for the next succeeding term. The office is now salaried, the fee 
 system having been abolished by Act of the Legislature. The salary is §0,000 a year, and the 
 present incumbent is Frank T. Coppins, who was appointed, in 1902, by Governor Odell, to 
 succeed Samuel Caldwell, removed. 
 
 The office of County Treasurer, formerly appointive by the Board of Supervisors, was made 
 elective by the people under Legislative Act, December l(j, 1847. The term of office is three 
 rears and the salary -So, 000 a year. 
 
 THK COLXTY TREASURER. 
 
 William H. Daniels, the present County Treasurer, is a native of Buffalo, where he was 
 born, April 6, 1859. He began his business life with the music firm of Denton & Cottier, to which 
 he was admitted as a partner in 1887, the name being changed to Denton, Cottier & Daniels. 
 This house is one of the largest music houses between New York and Chicago, and the oldest 
 of its kind in the United States, having been established in 1847, as noticed elsewhere. Mr. 
 Daniels is a 32d degree Mason. 
 
 OTHER OFFICIALS. 
 
 During the colonial period the County Clerk was Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, 
 Clerk of the Peace, and Clerk of the Sessions of Peace in his county. He is now Clerk of the 
 Supreme and County Courts. His term of office is three years and his salary 85,000 a year. 
 The present incumbent is John H. Price of Akron. 
 
 The position of County Auditor is filled by John W. Neff. The term is four years and the 
 salary is $2,500. 
 
 The Keeper of the Erie County Penitentiary is an elective office, the term three years and 
 the salary S2,500 a year. The present incumbent is Alexander H. Sloan. 
 
 The Keeper of the Erie County Almshouse is also an elective position, the term three years 
 and the salary 82,500 a year. John A. Stengle occupies that position. 
 
 The Superintendent of the Poor is Lafayette L. Long. The term of office is three years 
 and the salary is $1,000 a year and fees. 
 
 The office of Coroner, so far as the City of Buffalo is concerned, was abolished by Act of 
 the State Legislature at its last session, and the office of Medical Examiner created. Dr. Earl 
 C. Danser and William C. Boiler were the incumbents at the time of the passage of the Act, 
 and they were retired. The Board of Supervisors, who held the appointive power, named Dr. 
 Danser as Medical Examiner. He is practically connected with the District Attorney's office, 
 and receives a salary of 83,000 a year. His term of office is for three years. The two Coro- 
 ners for the towns were Dr. Horace A. Edmunds of Tonawanda for the North Towns, and Dr. 
 Gansivoort G. Wood for the South Towns. They received 8300 a year. These offices were 
 abolished under the new law. 
 
 BOARD OF SUPERVISORS. 
 
 The legislative body of the county is the Board of Supervisors, comprised of fifty members, 
 of which twenty-five represent the wards of the City of Buffalo and twenty-five the towns of the 
 County. The officers of this body are : Chairman, Byron D. Gibson of the Town of Aurora ; 
 Clerk, Dr. Samuel E. Lapp, Clarence : Deputy Clerk, Frank P. Howe ; and County Attorney, 
 Nathaniel W. Norton. The members of the Board are : 
 
 City of Buffalo, Wards— 1st, W. J. McConnell ; 2d, James W. Fitzhenry : 3d, Martin T. 
 Devanev: 4th, William E. Glass ; 5th, Thomas W. Scully ; 6th, Harry J. Hunt ; 7th, Frederick 
 
58 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 A MEMORY OF ISKJl. 
 
 The Crowning Glory of the Pan-American Exposition. The Electric Tower in the course of demolition, August. lOO-J. 
 From the Illustrated Buttalo Express. Printed by permission of the J. N. Matthews Co. (See page 113. 1 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 59 
 
 H. Sharpe; 8th, Edward S perry ; ,9th, Cazmir Bilski ; 10th, James H. Holder; 11th, 
 Boleslaw Dorasewicz ; 12th, Henry Nebrich ; 13th, William (). Weimar; 14th, William 
 Scherer; 1.5th, Louis F. Moershfelder ; 16th, Ernst F. Martinke; 17th, Andrew Smeader ; 
 l.Sth, William P. Koehler; 19th, James D. Wilson; 20th, Hamilton Ward, Jr.; 21st, James 
 A. Menzies; 22d, William Kaynes ; 23d, William E. Shifferens; 24th, Frederick Howard; 
 25th, Fred. J. Beerman. 
 
 Towns — Alden, Benjamin A. Gipple ; Amherst, Eugene P. Oiichie ; Aurora, Byron D. 
 Gibson ; Brant, Louis H. Schwert ; Boston, Edward Heinrich ; Cheektowaga, Frank Wildy ; 
 Clarence, Theodore Krehbiel ; Golden, Orlin J. Colburn ; Concord, Willis G. Clark ; Collins, 
 Charles L. Popple; Eden, Charles H. Ide ; Elma, James A. Woodard ; Evans, Julius M. 
 Schwert ; East Hamburg, Frank F. Holmwood ; Grand Island, William H. Conboy ; Hamburg, 
 Joseph H. Eno; Holland, William B. Jackson ; Lancaster, George Staub ; Marilla, Samuel B. 
 Webster; Newstead, Samuel J. Wiltse ; North Collins, Dennis A. Dillingham; Sardinia, 
 Luzerne M. Smith: Tonawanda, James B. Huff; West Seneca, Christian L. Schudt ; Wales, 
 George J. Kelver. 
 
 The term of office of Supervisor is one year and the salary is .*500 a year. 
 
 GOOD ROADS. 
 
 Erie County is e.xceptionally situated for the work of construction of good roads. Ihe 
 (juarries on the County Almhouse farm can supply arajjle stone material for highway construc- 
 tion, and abundance of labor is at hand in the 500 or more male prisoners hitherto maintained 
 m idleness at the Penitentiary. The (|uarries produce a fine quality of limestone, Medina 
 sandstone, and shales, which are crushed in a plant installed by the County at a cost of $6,100, 
 and which will turn out from 200 to 500 tons of stone per day. The cost of good roads 
 improvement is apportioned as follows : State, 50 per cent. ; county, 35 per cent. ; town, 7 y^ 
 per cent. ; abutting owners, 7 'o per cent. 
 
 During the present year eight roads will be constructed in Erie County, and contracts have 
 been awarded to Henry P. Burgard for a total of 13.686 miles at a cost of $112,500, and to 
 Mosier & Summers for a total of 9.584 miles at a cost of $92,637. 
 
 The Burgard contracts are on Main Street, from the easterly boundary line of the city, 
 3.41.) miles northerly, to the westerly boundary line of Williamsville ; Main Street, from the 
 easterly line of the village of Williamsville, l.i)26 miles easterly, to the village of Harris 
 Hill; Transit Road, from its junction with the Main Street road, 4.283 miles northerly, 
 between the towns of .\mherst and Clarence; and Transit Road, 4.062 miles northerly, 
 between the towns of Amherst and Clarence, to the Tonawanda Creek. 
 
 The Mosier & Summers contracts are from si.\ty-one feet northerly to the Village of Orchard 
 Park, northerly to the Morgan Road in East Hamburg, distance one mile ; from Morgan Road, 
 3.41 miles northerly, to the Potter Road from the towns of East Hamburg and West Seneca ; 
 from the Potter Road, 1.17 miles northerly, to the easterly line of the City of Buffalo; and 
 Big Tree Road from the village of East .\urora, 4.004 miles easterly, to the village of Wales 
 Center. 
 
 Prior to awarding these contracts the county had laid si.x and one half miles of road from 
 White's Corners to Hamburg, about one and one-half miles on the River Road, and one and 
 one-fourth miles on Orchard Park Road, running north. 
 
 I he value of these improvements has already been demonstrated in an enhanced trade with 
 the sections affected and in the increased facilities for the bringing of country produce to 
 the citv. 
 
60 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 BRIGADIER-GENERAL LAUREN W. PETTEBONE. 
 In Command ol the ^th Brigade, N. G. N. Y. (See page (!1.) 
 
TWKNTIETH CKNTCRV BUFFALO. 
 
 61 
 
 ACCEPTED DESIGN FOR NEW ARMORV, 65th REGIMENT, N. G. N. V. 
 George J. Metzger. Architect. (The building of the tower may be delayed.) 
 
 NATIONAL GUARD, STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Twentieth Century Buffalo is represented in the National Guard of the State of New York 
 by the 4th Brigade, which has its headquarters in this city, and of which Brigadier General 
 Lauren Woodruff Pettebone is the commanding officer. The headquarters are at No. 474 Main 
 Street and are handsomely fitted up, occupying the entire fourth floor, the former home of the 
 4th Signal Corps, disbanded by the State authorities in li)01. 
 
 The 4th Brigade was organized in 1854 and has been commanded during the half century 
 of its existence by Brigadier-Generals Gustavus A. Scroggs, Henry L. Lansing, Rufus L. 
 Howard, William F. Rogers, William S. Bull, John C. Graves, Edgar B. Jewett, Peter C. 
 Doyle, and Lauren W. Pettebone. 
 
 The Brigade consists of the 65th and 74th Regiments, and the 1st, 2d, and .3d Bat- 
 talions of Infantry. The 1st Battalion is made up of five separate com])anies, the 13th of 
 Jamestown, the 25th of Tonawanda, the 29th of Medina, the 42d of Niagara Falls, and the 
 47th of Hornellsville. The 2d Battalion consists of four separate companies, the 1st and 8th 
 of Rochester, the 34th of Geneva, and the 43d of Olean. The 3d Battalion consists of four 
 separate companies, the 2d of Auburn, the 30th of Elmira, the 41st of Syracuse, and the 48th 
 of Oswego. There are 152 officers and 1,964 men in the 4th Brigade. In the 65th Regiment 
 there are thirty-four officers and 423 men, and the 74th, thirty-eight officers and 574 men. 
 The 1st Battalion comprises twenty-five officers and 372 men ; the 2d Battalion, twenty-one 
 officers and 297 men ; 3d Battalion, twenty officers and 302 men. 
 
 The officers of the 4th Brigade are : Brig. -General Lauren W. Pettebone ; Assistant Adju- 
 tant-General, Lieut.-Col. Charles M. Ranson ; Inspector, Major James F. Nuno ; Judge 
 
62 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 COLONEL SAMUEL M. WELCH, Jr. 
 In Command of 6.'jth Regiment. N. G. N. Y 
 
TWENTIf:TH CENTURY BUFFALO. 63 
 
 Advocate, Major Martin Carey ; Inspector of Small Arms Practice and Ordinance Officer, Lee 
 H. Smith; Assistant Inspector of Small Arms Practice, Captain Theodore B. Sheldon; Com- 
 missary of Subsistence, Major Henry C. Wadsworth ; Surgeon, Lieut. Col. Floyd S. Crego ; 
 Engineer, Major George J. Metzger ; Aide-de-Camp, Captain Walter G. King. The com- 
 manding officers of the bodies making up the 4th Brigade are: 65th Regiment, Colonel 
 Samuel M. Welch, Jr.; 74th Regiment, Colonel George C. Fox; 1st Battalion, with head- 
 (juartens at Niagara Falls, Major M. B. Butler ; 2d Battalion, with headquarters at Gene\a, 
 Major William Wilson : 3d Battalion, with headquarters at Oswego, Major A. M. Hall. 
 
 The separate companies occupy substantial buildings, some of them being exceptionally 
 fine, costing from $50,000 to $75,000 each, the handsomest, perhaps, being the armory of the 
 29th of Medina, built last year. 
 
 The 74th Regiment Armory, located on the block bounded by Prospect Avenue, Niagara, 
 Connecticut, and Vermont streets, built in 1898 at a cost of over $400,000, is a noble structure. 
 
 The 65th Regiment for many years has occupied the State Arsenal on Broadway, but a new 
 home has been provided for by the State and county. The new Armory will be the most 
 elevated building in the city and will he built on a lot of lOj^ acres, on Masten, Best, and 
 North streets. It will be 483 feet long and 356 feet wide. For its erection the State has 
 appropriated $550,000, and the county assumes the cost of excavation, grading, etc. George 
 J. Metzger is the architect. The building is being erected under the supervision of the State 
 Board of Armory Commissioners, comprising Brigadier-General James McLeer, Adjutant-Gen- 
 eral Nelson H. Henry, and Colonel Samuel M. Welch, Jr., 65th Regiment. 
 
 PAN AMERICAN EXPOSITION. 
 
 It is generally admitted that while the Pan-American Exposition entailed a loss to many 
 stockholders and speculators its effect on the whole was beneficial to the community. As a 
 business enterprise it was decidedly unsuccessful, but its artistic excellence and its value as an 
 advertisement of the attractions and commercial advantages of Twentieth Century Buffalo can- 
 not be questioned. It gave employment to a large number of people, very materially reducing 
 the usual winter demand upon the city poor fund and upon public charity ; it brought consid- 
 erable revenue to many storekeepers and householders ; it caused a marked increase in the 
 savings banks deposits, and has already led to an expansion of several existant industries and the 
 exploitation of many new enterprises. 
 
 The exposition was open from May 1, 1901, to November 2, 1901, inclusive, twenty seven 
 weeks. The admissions were: paid, 5,306,859; free, 2,813,189; total, 8,120,048. Total 
 revenue from admissions, $2,406,875.80. At the close of the exposition the income from all 
 sources had amounted to $8,869,757.20 ; the expenditures for all purposes had been $9,447, - 
 702.93. The unpaid accounts were estimated at $577,945.73. Congress, in 1902, voted 
 $500,000 towards the payment of these accounts. The capital stock, $1 ,643,203.50, was entirely 
 absorbed ; and the second mortgage bonds, $500,000, were unpaid. On the $2,499,700 first 
 mortgage bonds $2,324,721 was paid, and the balance will probably be paid. The buildings 
 were sold to the Chicago Wrecking Company, it is said, for $80,000, and other property of the 
 Exposition Company was disposed of for small sums. 
 
 The most lamentable events in connection with the enterprise were the shooting of Presi- 
 dent McKinley in the Temple of Music, September 6th, and his death, September 14th. 
 
64 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 FRED C. M. LAUTZ. 
 President of the Orpheus Society, Leading member of tlie firm of Lautz Bros. & Co., Soap Manufacturers. 
 
TWKXTIKTH CEXTl KN' KIKFALO. 65 
 
 BUFFALO'S POPULATI(3N. 
 
 According to the twelfth census taken by the U. S. (Government in 1900, the population of 
 the City of Buffalo was 3.')2,o«7, as compared with 255,61)4 census of l.SSIO. Of the ;?52,:387, 
 the native and foreign born and white and colored population, classified by sex, was as follows : 
 native born males 122,609, females 125,526; foreign born males 52,532, females 51,980; 
 native white, native parents, males 45,841, females 45,019 ; native white, foreign parents, males 
 75,932, females 79,784; foreign, white, males 52,159, females 51,851; total colored, negro 
 descent, Chinese, Japanese, and Indians, males 999, females 802 ; negro, males 899, females 
 799. The population of Erie County in 1900 was 433,686, as compared with 322,981 in 1890. 
 
 THE GERMAN-AMERICANS. 
 
 L^ 
 
 Second in im|)ortance to the native-born Americans in the population comes what may be 
 termed German-Americans or, more properly speaking, American citizens born in Germany, 
 who naturally retain many of the manners and customs of the fatherland, but whose progeny is 
 divided between a love for those parental preferences and a pride of adopted citizenship. 
 Many of the honored names on the past commercial, industrial, and political records of Buffalo 
 are those of German-born citizens, and the list of such which Twentieth Century Buffalo could 
 present would be by no means an inconsiderable one. A summary of the German institutions 
 which are still vigorous and flourishing offers a sufficient evidence that a love of old country 
 institutions and a reverence for the language and customs of the fatherland are very dominant 
 even in the minds of those who are far removed by birth and environment from the sentiments 
 which animate their forliears. 
 
 There are at the present time not less than 60,000 naturalized German citizens in Buffalo, 
 and it is a conservative estimate that, if to these be added their immediate descendants who 
 were born here, this part of the population of Twentieth Century Buffalo would exceed more 
 than one-third of the entire number enumerated in the latest census. The first (German known 
 to have settled permanently in Buffalo was John Kuecherer, who arrived here in 1821, and he 
 was followed by John Siebold in 1822, who was one of the founders of the Board of Trade and a 
 director of the Buffalo Savings Bank. The first brewery was started l)y Rudol|jh Baer, who 
 came to the city in 1826. The first Catholic priest was Father Nicholas Merz, who settled 
 here in 1829. The first German city official was Dr. Frederick Dellenbaugh, elected .\lderman 
 in 1839. 
 
 The German press early exerted a powerful influence on the growth of the German colony. 
 The first paper was Der IVeMuerger, issued in 1837 by George Zahm, with Stephen St. Molitor 
 as editor. On the death of (George Zahm, in 1.S44, Dr. F. C. Brunk and Jacob Domedian 
 bought the plant and issued a semi-weekly. In 1.S4S, the Deiuokrat was started. In 1853, the 
 two were consolidated, Frederick Held becoming sole owner in 1875. The jjresent publisher 
 is F. C. B. Held, and the editor. Otto F. .Gibing. Die Firie Presse was established in 1853 
 by Fred Reinecke, and became a daily in 1873, under management of Reinecke, Zesch & 
 Baltz. The present publishers are Reinecke & Zesch. 
 
 (^ther papers established were Buffa/n lofksfiYinnf, started 1840, but soon abandoned ; 
 reestablished 1868; Der Freiimicthige, established 1843, died 1845; TT'/t'^vvz//;, 1845-1873 ; 
 Der Taeglifhe Repiiblikaner, established 1875, merged in 1879 into Die Freie Presse : Sunday 
 Herald, established 1875, but soon died; Sunday Tribune, founded in 1876, now ow:ied by 
 Reinecke (!v: Zesch ; Aurora, Buffalo Arbeiter Zeitung, Buffalo Herald, Die Chrisfliehe IWuhe, and 
 Die Wachende Kirche. Other German papers which had short lives were : Der Lichifreund, 
 1855; Buffalo Palriot, 1857: Buffalo Union, 1863; Buffalo Journal, 1863.- Evangelisehe 
 
66 
 
 TWEXTIETH CENTL-RV BUFFALO. 
 
 DR. FRANCIS E. FRONCZAK. 
 Pliysician, Author. Scientist. A Representative Polish- .American Citizen, 
 
TWKNTIKTII CKNTrkV lUFFAI.C). 67 
 
 Gcmeinde Zcitiin;^, 1878, afterwards I'olksblatte fuer Stddt iind Land : Die Arheitcrslimmr am 
 Erif, 1878 ; Die Latenie, 1880, and Der Buffalo Weeker, 1880. 
 
 The oldest church is St. Louis Roman Catholic, at Main and Edward streets : the second, 
 the German Evangelical St. Peter's Church, organized in 1831-32, and now located at (lenesee 
 and Hickory streets. .\t present there are in the neighborhood of half a-hundred church 
 societies, all of them prosperous. 
 
 The German-Americans have organized and maintained a number of admirable musical and 
 social organizations, .\mong the former are the Liedertafel, founded May 9, 1848, the Saenger- 
 bund, formed .\pril 20, 18-53, President, 1902, L< J. Heintz ; Secretary, Emil Jackson ; Director, 
 A. A. Plagge ; the Harugari-Moennerchor, organized September 19, 1869; the Orpheus, organ- 
 ized October 29, 1869, President, 1902, F. C. M. Lautz ; Secretary, Richard C. Taggersell ; 
 Conductor, John Lund. The German Young Men's Association was formed in 1841, and the 
 German Old Folks' Association, now known as the Old German Society, was organized in 1869. 
 The Turnverein was organized March 7, 18.53; President, 1902, Dr. Charles W. Auel ; Secre- 
 tary, Otto Schmidt. 
 
 THK POLISH-AMERICANS. Y 
 
 .\ verv prominent factor in the growth of Buffalo is the Polish element, which now com- 
 prises about 70,000 persons. The first settlers from Poland arrived in Buffalo about 1866. 
 In 1.S74, there were but 1.30 families, but constant employment and good wages led them to 
 send for relatives and friends, and by 18.S.5 the colony had grown to conspicuous proportions. 
 In 1893, the Polish population numbered about 55,000. To-day, Twentieth Century Buffalo 
 ranks second among the cities of the United States in point of Polish jjopulation, Chicago 
 coming first, Detroit third, with Milwaukee, Cleveland, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York 
 following in the order named. Unlike their brethren in other cities, the Poles of Buffalo have 
 ke|jt largely together, and have their churches, schools, clubs, newspapers, and other institutions 
 conducive to their welfare and in a measure preservative of their national characteristics. They 
 are almost distinctively a peo|)le by themselves, industrious, law abiding, and charitable ; their 
 merchants and business men enterprising, and the heads of families generally owners of their 
 own homes. They poll about 9,000 votes. The Broadway Market and public playing ground 
 are almost exclusively used by the Polish colony. 
 
 Among the prominent early Poles in Buffalo were Michael Szanichrowicz and John Odo- 
 jewski, two of the organizers of the first Polish society, St. Stanislaus; Theodore Berent, one 
 of the first appointed to read the Gospel in Polish in St. Michael's Chapel : and Jacob Johnson, 
 the first teacher of English in their schools. 
 
 The first Polish church, St. Stanislaus, Roman Catholic, was built in 1873, when the popu- 
 lation was aljout 700. The first pastor and leader was the Very Rev. John Pitass, the dean of the 
 Polish colony and leader of his people in Western New York. He still holds his charge. This 
 church IS located at Peckham and Wilson streets, has about 7,000 communicants and more than 
 2,000 pupils in its parochial school. St. Adelberts, Roman Catholic, located at Stanislaus 
 Street and Rother .\venue, was the second church built. Its pastor is Rev. Thomas Flaczek. 
 Both of these churches own cemeteries at Pine Hill. 
 
 Other churches are : Transfiguration, Sycamore and Mills streets, Roman Catholic, built in 
 1897, Rev. James Wojcik ; St. John Kanty, Roman Catholic, Broadway and Swinburne streets, 
 built in 1892, Rev. Adam Marcinkiewicz ; St. Cassimirs, Roman Catholic, Cable and Weiss 
 streets. Rev. Francis Kasprzak ; Church of the Assumption, Roman Catholic, .4mherst and 
 Peter streets. Rev. F. Chodacki ; Corpus Christi, Franciscan Fathers, Clark and Kent streets. 
 Very Rev. Hyacinth Fudzniski ; Holy Mother of Rosary, Independent, Sobieski near Sycamore 
 Street, Rev. S. Kaminski. The last named owns a cemetery, and all have parochial schools. 
 
68 
 
 T\\ KXTIICTII CKNTURY BL'FFAI O. 
 
 CONSULAR AGENT GIOVANNI BANCHETII. 
 Representing the Italian Government in Buffalo. (See page 71. 
 
TWENTIETH CEXTIkV liUFKAI.O. (i!) 
 
 The first Polish newspaper was OJczyzna (Fatherland), established in l.ss:] by a stock tom- 
 pany. of which (Jeorge Bork was president. It was issued weekly, with Stanislaus Slisz as 
 editor. In 1886, it became a semi-weekly, when it was bought by Rev. John Pitass, who 
 ■changed its name to Fo/ak ro Awenrr. In 1895, it was made a daily, being the only Polish 
 •daily in the Eastern and Central States. T/ie Echo, weekly, was started in 1887 by M. J. 
 Sadow.ski, secretary of the Polish National Alliance. It is now owned by a stock company. 
 Stance (the sun), weekly, the organ of the Polish Roman Catholic Union, was established by 
 Jerzy Mirski. The present editor is George Mirski. Harmoiiia, monthly, is the organ of the 
 Polish Singers Alliance, and its editor is Leo Obszewski. Gazcia Biifoloska, monthly, editor 
 F. A. Olszanowski. W'arta, weekly, the organ of the Independent Church, completes the list 
 of papers. 
 
 There are a numlier of clubs and societies, and many other social, athletic, and educational 
 organizations. The Poli.sh L'nion of North America has its head(iuarters in Buffalo. Other 
 associations having large membership are the Polish National Alliance and the Polish Roman 
 Catholic Association. 
 
 A leader among the Polish-.Vmerican citizens is Dr. Francis E. Fronczak, A. M., born in 
 this city Se|)rember 20, 1874. His father, Adelbert Fronczak. took an active part in the 
 Polish struggles for independence in 1840 and 1863, in the latter of which he served as an 
 officer. On account of his participation in these troubles he was forced to leave his native land 
 and seek in America the liberty denied him there. In 1870 he settled in Buffalo, where four 
 years later Dr. Fronczak was born. He was educated at St. Stanislaus Parochial School, from 
 which institution he graduated in 1887. He entered Canisius College, and was graduated from 
 there in 1894 with the degree of A. B. He took up the study of medicine and entered the 
 Medical Department of the University of Buffalo, and was the first Polish graduate from that 
 institution. In the meantime he took a post graduate course at Canisius College in 1 895, receiv- 
 ing the degree of A. M. In 1896 the honors of Laureate of Polish Literature were conferred on 
 him by the Polish League of Chicago. In 1898 and 1899 he studied law at the Law Depart- 
 ment of the University of Buffalo. Dr. Fronczak early showed an inclination for literature 
 and was connected, as special writer, with the Cinirier, Express, and Polish local papers, as 
 well as contributing to several out-of-town and European magazines and journals. Recently he 
 made a visit to Europe and Northern Africa, the occasion being his wedding trip, and his let- 
 ters from there, printed in a local paper, were unusually interesting. He has a large practice in 
 Buffalo, principally among his own nationality. He is a member of the Erie County Medical 
 Society, Academy of Medicine, American Medical Association, Medical Society of Central 
 New York, Polish Physicians and Scientists Association in Europe, The Buffalo Society of 
 Natural Sciences, The Historical Society, the Independent Club, and others. Is Attending 
 Physican to the Felician Sisters' Hospital, the Polish Orphan Asylum, and the Home for Old 
 and Disabled at Cheektowaga. He is Grand Medical Examiner of the Polish L'nion of North 
 America and Examiner of the Polish Roman Catholic Union of America, Polish National 
 Alliance, and other Polish institutions. 
 
 In 1898 he was appointed a member of the Civil Service Commission, serving efficient!)' 
 until 1902, when he resigned. In 1899 and part of 1900 he was the Head Physician at the 
 Erie County Penitentiary. 
 
 In professional life. Dr. Fronczak ranks high and enjoys the confidence of his colleagues. In 
 social circles he is also popular, and possesses the respect and esteem of a very many warm, 
 jjersonal triends. 
 
 THE ITALIAN-AMERICANS. 
 
 The Italian representation in the population of Buffalo is also an important element in the 
 growth of Buffalo. The first Italian colonists came to this city in 1850 from Clenoa. These 
 pioneers from Italy naturally turned their attention to the fruit farms and vineyards on the 
 borders of Lake Erie. The excellent opportunities afforded for making a livelihood, and 
 securing good wages, soon swelled the tide of immigration. To-day the Buffalo colony numbers 
 some 15,000. These have their own church, St. .Anthony of Padua, Roman Catholic, the 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFEALO. 
 
 DR. CHARLES R. BORZILLERI. 
 A representative Italian-American Physician of Buftalo. ^See page 71.) ■• 
 
TWKNTIKTII CI-NTl KV BUFFALO. 71 
 
 colony beint; looked after by Father Scalabrina. The priests in charge are Fathers Cassaza 
 and Cheniiil. There are sixteen mutual benefit societies, and three political organizations. 
 The majority of the immigrants come from Palermo, Sicily, while many are from Kasilicata, 
 Catanzaro, Campobasso, and Naples. A large percentage are employed on the railroads handling 
 freight, and engaged in construction work. The colony has developed to a wonderful extent 
 and many of its members are engaged in commerce, the importing of fruit and products of Italy 
 and the Mediterranean being carried on on a large scale by high-grade firms. 
 
 Of the younger generation, those born in this country or who came here while <|iiite voung, 
 ha\e turned their attention to the professions, in which they have already achieved jjrominence. 
 In the political field they have also made a record, and from their ranks ha\e developed able 
 leaders in both the great political parties. In the ranks of medicine may l)e mentioned Dr. 
 ('. R. Borzilleri, Dr. B. Calabrese, and Dr. Tartaro ; in law, Horace Lanza; in the importing 
 line, Charles Antoniazzi, Antonino (liannelli, Louis (Jnetto. and a score of others. As artisans, 
 the Italians enjov the best of reputations, and as shoemakers, barbers, and tailors are preferred 
 to other nationalities. The establishing of the steel plant at Stony Point has given a large 
 amount ot work to the colony, and has led to a rapid increase in the immigration. The Italian, 
 although generally found in the cities, is naturally an agriculturist, and a ])rosperous colony 
 now exists in F"redonia, compo.sed of farmers, fruit growers, cheese, and macaroni makers. 
 
 Some idea of the growth of Italian immigration to Buffalo may be had from the fact that 
 during the past year 1,.^00 tickets from Italy to Buffalo were sold by the Buffalo office. It is 
 fair to assume that an equally large number of passages were secured at the point of embarkation. 
 
 The Italian is, as a rule, thrifty, and his savings are banked preparatory to the day when he 
 can return to Italy and become the owner of a vineyard or the proprietor of a wine shop. 
 There are half-a-dozen ]jrivate bankers in Buffalo who are made the custodians of the Italian 
 colonv, although many transact their Inisiness through the regular channels. Many of the 
 Italians own their own homes, and the assessors' books show that property to the value of 
 S40O,O()0 is held by members of the Buffalo colony. 
 
 The Italian government, recognizing the importance of the Buffalo colony, decided to 
 establish a consular agency here, and in l.S!rl7 placed Signor Ciovanni Banchetti in charge as 
 Consular Agent. 
 
 Signor Banchetti is a native of Turin, where he was born in 1865. He w-as graduated from 
 the University of Turin in 1891, and then made a tour of the L'nited States, visiting all the 
 principal cities, and gathering data for an Italian newspaper with the staff of which he was con- 
 nected. He returned to Italy after this tour, and entered the diplomatic service. In 1896, 
 he was sent to Scranton, Pa., as Consular Agent, remaining there about one year, when he was 
 placed in charge of affairs in Buffalo. He is the only official representative agent of a foreign 
 government in Western New York. He is also the agent of the steamship line running from 
 New York to Italian ports. Since locating in Buffalo, Signor Banchetti has made a host of 
 friends, and to-day enjoys an enviable reputation in both the commercial and social worlds. 
 He has done much to elevate his people here, and to him is due, to a large extent, the success 
 and growth of the colony. .As a result, he is deservedly popular. 
 
 Dr. Charles R. Borzilleri was born in Sicily, February 3, 1873. When twelve years old he 
 came to Buffalo with his parents. After attending the public schools, he began the study of 
 medicine, in 1801, at the University of Buffalo. He was graduated with high honors in 1895. 
 He then opened an office in this city, and has acquired an extensive practice, largely among 
 his own nationality. He is President of the Central Italian Republican League, and the Young 
 Men's Italian Military Society, as well as being a |)rominent member of the Red iMen and other 
 societies. He is also a member of the I. C. I., a college society. .Among his professional 
 colleagues. Dr. Borzilleri enjoys the highest reputation. In social as well as business life he is 
 alike most popular. 
 
72 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURV BLFFALO. 
 
 uu ,-41 ._4 --3 ,«.,»_ r,r>r..; 
 
 LU U4 
 
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TWKNTIETII CEXTUkV BLIFALO. 73 
 
 THE BUFFALO PLBLIC LIBRARY. 
 
 The building in which is housed the BuiTalo Public Library, on the corner of Broadway, 
 Washington, and Clinton streets, facing I,afayette .S(iuare, was erected by the Young Men's 
 Association, which was organized in 183(5, at a cost of §338,000, and was completed in 18X7. 
 The institution became a free public library September 2, 1897, under a one hundred years' 
 contract with the City of Buffalo, which makes a])propriations annually for its exjienses. The 
 income of the library in 1901 from the City of Bulfalo was $78,647.70, and from other sources 
 S9,28.S.18. Estimated net value of library property, 81,600,000. The agencies and depart- 
 ments of the library in operation are: In the main library, the desk, the open shelf room, the 
 children's room, reference room, periodical room, and newspaper room ; at the William Ives 
 Branch, 746 Broadway; Westminster House, Monroe Street; Welcome Hall. Seneca Street; 
 Central, Masten Park, and Lafayette High Schools ; graded libraries in each room of thirty- 
 three of the grammar schools, eight stations, and ninety-seven traveling libraries. 
 
 July 1, 1902, there were 180,200 bound volumes and 16,300 pamphlets in the library. 
 The circulation for home use, July 1, 1901, to July 1, 1902, was 1,024,049 volumes, and the 
 total circulation for home use since the library opened, Se])tember 2, 1897, was 4,428,966 vol- 
 lunes. Books circulated for home use through schools, 288,358. 'I'otal nimiber of registered 
 borrowers, 49,553. 
 
 The officers for 1902 are : President, Joseph P. Dudley ; Vice-President. Charles R. Wil- 
 son ; Treasurer, William P. Reed ; Secretary, Henry L. Elmendorf Directors : Representa- 
 tives of the Buffalo Library, Joseph P. Dudley, Thomas T. Ramsdell, Walter P. Cooke, (leorge 
 L. Williams, Charles R. Wilson ; Representatives of the City, Mayor E. C. Knight. Corpora- 
 tion Counsel, Charles L. Feldman ; Superintendent of Education, Henry P. Emerson ; Mathias 
 Rohr, John D. Bogardus. Executive Committee: John D. Bogardus, Chairman ; Mathias 
 Rohr, Walter P. Cooke, Joseph P. Dudley, CharlesR. Wilson. The chief officials of the 
 library are: Superintendent, Henry L. Elmendorf; Assistant Superintendent, Walter L. Brown; 
 Librarian, William Ives. 
 
 GROSVENOR LIBRARY. 
 
 The (Irosvenor Library was established in 1870, through the liberality of Seth Grosvenor, 
 a former resident of Buffalo, who bequeathed $40,000 for the purpose. The building now 
 occupied, at the corner of Edward and Franklin streets, was erected in 1892. It contains 
 50,000 volumes and is used for reading and reference purposes. It is under the control of the 
 City of Buffalo, represented in 1902 by Fxiward H. Butler, Ganson Depew, and Josiah Jewett, 
 trustees, appointed by Mayor Knight March 1, 1902, to serve five years. 
 
 OTHER LIBRARIES. 
 
 Medical Librar)- of the University of Buffalo, 6,000 volumes. 
 
 Erie Medical Society's Library, University of Buffalo. 
 
 Catholic Institute Library, 8,000 volumes. 
 
 Law Library, EUicott Square. 
 
 Law Library, City and County Building. 
 
 Erie Railway Library, Erie R. R. depot, 4,000 volumes. 
 
 German Young Men's .\ssociation Library, 7,000 volumes. 
 
 Haurigari Library, 1,400 volumes. 
 
 Historical Society's Library. 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association Libraries, main building and branches. 
 
 THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The Young Men's Christian .Association celebrated its fiftieth anniversary in the Teck 
 Theater, April 27, 1902. First occupied present building on Mohawk and Pearl streets in 1883. 
 
74 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 ALBRKIHT ART (;AI.I,KRY. 
 
 
 
 
 Front \'ie\v. Looking West (rem Delaware Park Lake. 
 
 \'ie\v. Looking East from Elmwood Avenue Bridge. 
 
TWENTIETH CEXTUKV BLKFALO. 7o 
 
 Cornerstone of new building at Moha\vl< and Frani<lin streets, June il, lil()2. Estimated cost 
 of site, 8100,000 ; of building, S275.0()0 ; of fixtures, etc., .*20,0(»0 ; a total of S400,000, for 
 which $275,000 was subscribed, the balance to be borrowed on mortgage and raised from the 
 proceeds of the sale of the old building. The association has departments as follows : Central, 
 German, Student, Army, L'nion Terminal, East Buffalo Railroad, Depew Railroad, and Buffalo, 
 Rochester c^ Pittslxirg Railroad. Directors for li(02-i;tO:j ; President, R. B. Adam; Vice- 
 President, Frank E. Sickels ; Treasurer, J. J. McWilliams ; J. I. Prentiss, VV. A. Joyce, S. S. 
 Kingsley, J. W. Robinson, A. E. Hedstrom, T. Speyser, C. R. Howard, J. H. Daniels, M. D. 
 Board of Trustees: President, P. P. Pratt; J. J. McWilliams, S. M. Clement. W. H. Walker, 
 J. W. Robinson, R. B. Adam, R. R. Helford. (ieneral Secretary, A. H. Whitford. 'I'otal 
 paid membership, May 1, 1902, 5,041. 
 
 THE WOMEN'S UNION. 
 
 The Women's Educational and Industrial Union, organized in 1X8.5, owns th'.- Iniilding 
 occupied on Niagara Square. The Union conducts domestic training and other educational 
 classes, secures employment for women and provides lectures on economical and household 
 subjects. About 1,000 members. Officers for 1902-1903: President, Mrs. George W. 
 Townsend ; First Vice-President, Mrs. Henry C. Fiske ; Second Vice-President, Mrs. Jennie 
 Rumrill ; Third Vice-President, Mrs. Thomas Stoddart ; Recording Secretary. Mrs. Franklin W. 
 Barrows; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. Arthur \V. Austin; Treasurer, Mrs. William C. 
 I.etchworth ; Chairman of Finance Committee, Mrs. E. M. Husted. 
 
 CIVIL SERVICE REFORM. 
 
 The Civil Service Reform Association has accomplished much in the way of improving the 
 public service and is one of the strongest forces at work in Twentieth Century Buffalo in 
 destroying pernicious influences in politics. The officers of the association for 1902 are: 
 President, Ansley Wilco.x ; Vice-Presidents, Sheldon T. Viele, T. Chiilford Smith. Rev. Pat- 
 rick Cronin, J. J. Albright ; Treasurer, J. B. Olmstead ; Secretary, Frederic Alm>'. 
 
 ART, SCIENCE, AND HISTORY. 
 
 The first decade of the twentieth century will see completed in Buffalo a grouj) of perma- 
 nent structures, devoted to art, science, and history, not surpa.ssed in desirability of location, 
 pictures(|ue surroundings, grace and substantiability of structure, and general suitability, by 
 any similar collection of liuildings in the United States. The group will comprise the home 
 ol the Buffalo Historical Society, completed and occupied: the .Albright .^rt (lallery, which 
 will be ready for 0( cu|)ancy in 1903 ; and the home to be erected near by for the Society of 
 Natural Sciences. 
 
 FINE ARTS ACADEMV. 
 
 The Buffalo Fine .\rts .\cademy is the splendid outgrowth of the work and deliberations ol 
 the fine arts committee of the \'oung Men's Association, the first result of which was the 
 organization of the .Academy, November 11, 1S62. It was incorporated December 4, l.'^li2; 
 
76 
 
 TWENTIETH CHNTURY DUFFALO. 
 
 HON. T. GUILFORD SMITH, LL. U. 
 
 Regent of the University of the State of New York (elected, 1890) ; President of the Charity Organization 
 
 Society of Buffalo; President. Buffalo Fine Arts Academy; Vice-President, Buffalo Society of 
 
 Natural Sciences. Manager of Sales for the Carnegie Steel Company. American Steel 
 
 Hoop Company, and National Steel Company, all of Pittsburg, Pa. ; and of 
 
 the Illinois Steel Company of Chicago, 111. 
 
TWKXTIKTIl CF.NTURV BLFFAIJ i. 77 
 
 formally opened in the Arcade building, on the east side of Main Street, corner ot" Clinton 
 Street, February, lS(i4. It was transferred to the Young Men's Association building. Main and 
 Eagle streets, in February, 1866. In 1881, it was removed to the Austin building, on the corner 
 of Franklin, Eagle, and Niagara .streets. Six years later it was again removed, this time to 
 what is now the Public Library building. The academy was fairly successful during the first 
 thirty years of its history, although at times its e.\istence was somewhat precarious. The tide 
 in its fortunes turned in the direction of ])ermanent success when J. J. .Albright became its 
 President, in 1895, and that success became fully assured when Mr. Albright's position was 
 taken by the present incumbent of the position,'!". Guilford Smith, a man who combines with a most 
 earnest and a|)preciative- artistic spirit a comprehensive knowledge of business affairs. From 
 Mr. Albright's liberality in the encouragement of art in Buffalo has come a magnificent liome 
 for the academy, and from Mr. Smith's artistic inspirations have been evolved the practical 
 ideas which will materially enhance the value of Mr. Albright's gift in the advancement of art 
 in this locality. 
 
 The .\lbright .Art (iallery, the construction of which was begun in IflOO, is erected on a 
 ]iortion of the Delaware Park east of Elmwood .Avenue, near the Park Lake, 400 by 2.50 feet in 
 extent, the site having been given for the purpose by the Park Commission, April 10, 1900, 
 upon the offer by Mr. J. J. .Albright to erect the building and with the .stipulation that the 
 Buffalo Fine Arts Academy should raise $100,000 for a permanent endowment to maintain the 
 gallery free for the pleasure and instruction of Buffalo citizens. The building, Ionic in charac- 
 ter, is of white marble, and when fully completed will have cost Mr. Albright not less than 
 §500,000. Besides becoming the storehou.se of the art treasures of the Fine Arts .Academy, it 
 will also be the home of the Society of Artists, founded in 1891 — President, Reginald Cleve- 
 land Coxe : Secretary, William Robert Fulton, — and of the Art Students' League — President, 
 Ceorge P. Sawyer; Secretary, Miss Harriet C. Tabor; Treasurer, Miss Arietta Lothrop. 
 
 The President of the Fine Arts Academy is T. Guilford Smith, a jjosition he has held since 
 1897 ; and Willis O. Chapin is the Secretary. 
 
 SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. 
 
 The Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences was formed January 28, 1863, "for the promotion 
 of the study of natural sciences, the formation of a museum and suitable library, the procure- 
 ment of lectures on scientific subjects, etc." Excellent work has been done in the direction 
 indicated. The society is at present housed in quarters, recently enlarged by the removal of 
 the Historical Society, in the Public Library building ; but there is a very excellent probability 
 that it will erect a fine building of its own on a lot donated by the Rumsey estate, on the east 
 side of Elmwood Avenue, north of Forest .Avenue, and a short distance south of the Alliright 
 Art Gallery. The society already possesses a most valuable nucleus to what will certainly 
 develop into one of the largest and finest collections in the country. It now comprises a library 
 of 4,500 bound volumes, together with the following specimens : geology, 4,121 ; minerologv, 
 2,836 ; zoiilogy, 7,307 ; botany, 14,000 ; archeology, 1,774. 
 
 The officers of the society are: President, Lee H. Smith, M. D. ; First \'ice- President, 
 T. Guilford Smith ; Second Vice-President, Edgar B. Stevens; Third Vice-President, Frank 
 H. Goodyear; Recording Secretary, James Savage; Corresponding Secretary, Dr. John .A. 
 Miller ; Treasurer, Charles R. Wilson ; Librarian, Philip S. Smith ; Directors, Dr. Ernest 
 Wende, Henry R. Howland. Ottoniar Reinecke, Henry .A. Richmond, one year; Lewis J. Ben- 
 nett, Dr. Lucien Howe, John C. Nagel, Fred Houghton, two years ; Robert R. Hefford, Rev. 
 Charles H. Smith, Frederick A. Vogt, Prof. .Adolf Duschak, three years. Miss F^lizabeth J. 
 Letson is the Director of the society's museum. 
 
78 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY HITFALO. 
 
 DR. LEE H. SMITH. 
 President. Buffalo Society of Natural Science. 
 
IVVKNIIKIM CKNTIRV lU I'KALO. 
 
 79 
 
 KlNDRKl) SOCIETIES. 
 
 Associated with the Society of Natural Sciences are the Buffalo Naturalists' P'ield Club — 
 President, Miss Edna Porter ; Secretary, Miss Doll ; and the Agassiz Club — President, Eugene 
 V. Chamberlain ; Secretary, Miss Imogen O. Stickler. 
 
 HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 Hon. Millard Fillmore, President of the United States, was the first President of the Buffalo 
 Historical Society, organized in 18fi2, and incorporated January 10, 1863. Its first location 
 was at No. 7 Court Street. Late in 1864, it removed to the Young Men's Association building, 
 corner of Main and Eagle streets, where the Iroquois Hotel now stands, the first meeting being 
 held there April 11, 1865. In January, 1873, the society removed to the Western Savings 
 Bank building, corner of Main and Court streets. The ne.xt remove was in 1887, to the build- 
 ing on Washington Street and Broadway, now occupied by the Public Library. This summer 
 the entire collection was transferred to the splendid building on Elmwood .Avenue, erected on 
 
 BUILDING (IF THE HI.STURICAL S(.lCI liTV. — View Iron] Elin«."..| A venue. 
 
 a plot taken from the northwest corner of Delaware Park, which was used by the New York 
 State Commission at the Pan-.-\merican Exposition in 1901, but which, by Act of Legislature, 
 now becomes the permanent home of the society. The building was erected at a cost of 
 $16o,000, 6100,000 of which was approjjriated by the State of New York, 825,000 by the 
 City of Buffalo, and $45,000 provided by the society. This was accomplished only by the 
 most strenuous efforts of friends of the .society, notably by State Senator Henry W. Hill ; 
 Andrew Langdon, President of the society ; and Frank H. Severance, its Secretary. The city 
 recognizes the society further by an annual contribution of $5,000 towards its maintenance. 
 The object of the society is " to discover, procure, and preserve whatever may relate to the 
 
80 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BrFFALO. 
 
 GEORGE ALFRED STRINGER. 
 
 President. Buttalo Association Society of Colonial Wars; Vice-President. Society of Mayflower Descendants; 
 Vice-President, Buffalo Historical Society; Financial Secretary, Buffalo Society of Artists. 
 
 Loans and Insurance, 
 
TWENTIETH CEXTURV BUFFALO. 81 
 
 history of Western New York in general and the City of Buffalo in particular." The officers of 
 the society are : President (serving for his ninth consecutive term), Andrew Langdon ; Vice- 
 President, G. .\. Stringer; Secretary, Frank H. Severance; Treasurer, Charles J. North. 
 The Board of Managers is comprised as follows : Andrew Langdon, G. A. Stringer, F. H. 
 Severance, George S. Hazard, James Sweeney, one year ; Dr. A. H. Briggs, Lewis J. Bennett, 
 William C. Warren, Charles J. North, George B. Mathews, two years; George W. Townsend, 
 Charles W. (loodyear, Joseph P. Dudley, G. Barrett Rich, Henry A. Richmond, three years; 
 Henry W. Hill, Charles R. Wilson, J. J. McWilliams, Wilson S. Bissell, four years. The 
 working staff of the society consists of .Assistant Secretary, I'klward D. Strickland ; Custodian, 
 Mrs, E. W. Andrews. 
 
 SOCIETY OF COLONL-\L WARS. 
 
 One of the most influential and imjjortant patriotic organizations in the United States is the 
 Society of Colonial Wars, instituted in 1892 to perpetuate the memory of the events of colonial 
 history happening from the settlement of Jamestown, Va., May 18, 1607, to the battle of 
 Lexington, April 19, 1775 ; and of the men who in military, naval, and civil positions of high 
 trust and responsibility, by their acts of counsel, assisted in the establishment, defense and 
 preservation of the .\merican Colonies, and were, in truth, the founders of this Nation. In 
 addition to historical research and the preservation of chivalrous records, the .society aims to 
 encourage American ideas and foster American institutions. 
 
 The Buffalo Association of the society, organized November 13, 1896, has a strong member- 
 ship of representative citizens. Its officers are: President, George Alfred Stringer; Vice- 
 President, Dr. Matthew D. Mann ; Secretary and Treasurer, Joseph Banks Roberts. The local 
 Secretary of the parent society is Robert Webster Day. 
 
 NIAGARA FRONTIER LANDMARKS ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The Niagara Frontier Landmarks Association was organized November 14, 1900, its object 
 being "to locate, along the Niagara Frontier, suitable monuments to commemorate historical 
 events." The officers are : Chairman, Trueman G. Avery ; Vice-Chairman, Mrs. John Miller 
 Horton ; Secretary, George D. Emerson ; Treasurer, Philip S. Smith. 
 
 The association during 1902 caused to be put in place on the dates named, commemorative 
 tablets as follows : 
 
 May 24 — At La Salle, on the Niagara River, marking the place where the "Griffon," the 
 first vessel which sailed the upper lakes, was built. 
 
 July 26 — On Main Street, between Mohawk and Court streets, the only dwelling house 
 in Buffalo not destroyed at the burning of the village December 30-31, 1813 ; built by 
 Gamaliel Saint John. 
 
 August 29 — On Scajaquada Creek bridge, on Niagara Street, recording the battle of Black 
 Rock, August 3, 1814. 
 
 September 13 — At Devil's Hole, on the Niagara Gorge Railroad, recording the massacre 
 of British soldiers by Indians, September 14, 1763. 
 
 October 10 — Corner Swan and Pearl streets. Dun building, marking Buffalo's first school 
 house, erected 1807-08. 
 
 GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 The Buffalo Genealogical Society was organized May 3, 1899. The officers for 1902-1903 
 are : President, Mrs. Edward C. Hawks ; Vice-President, Dr. Joseph L. Grosvenor ; Secretary 
 and Treasurer, E. D. Strickland ; Registrar, Mrs. Louise Bethune. 
 
82 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 ANSLEV WILCOX, 
 
 President. Civil Service Reform .Association of Buttalo (see page 83j, 
 .Attorney and Counselor at Law. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTUkV BUFFALO. 83 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF BUFFALO. 
 
 The University of Buffalo, organized in 184:'), after a long and wearisome struggle, has 
 gained a high reputation among the institutions of learning in the Empire State. Its faculty 
 includes representatives of the very best professional skill and experience, and the methods of 
 instruction in use are fully up to the very latest requirements of pedagogical science. Its field 
 has been widened and its power in the medical world has been materially strengthened by a 
 cooperative arrangement with the medical faculty of Niagara University. The building occu- 
 pied, on High Street, near Main, and within a block of the General Hospital, is commodious, 
 and the various departments are well equipped. It has an e.vcellent library of 7,000 volumes 
 and every requisite for the adequate illustration of various branches of medicine, surgery, and 
 dentistr}-. The departments comprise medicine, with its specialties, surgery, dentistrv, 
 pharmacy, and law, the latter being located in the Ellicott Square building. The members 
 
 of the Council of the Uni^versity are : Chancellor, ; Vice-Chancellor, Wilson 
 
 S. Bissell ; Secretary, Frank M. HoUister ; Edwin T. Evans, John C. Graves, George Clorham, 
 George S. Hazard, Robert Keating, Matthew D. Mann, M. D., Roswell Park, M. D., Law- 
 rence D. Rumsey, William H. Hotchkiss, Worthington C. Miner, Henry R. Howland, Charles W. 
 Goodyear, Charles Gary, M. D., Medical Faculty ; Willis G. Gregory, Pharmaceutical Faculty ; 
 Adelbert Moot, Law Faculty ; William C. Barrett, Dental Faculty, and Mayor E. C. Knight. 
 The attendance at the medical department is about 240. There were 38 graduates in 1902. 
 The list of students, 1901-1902, comprised 40 seniors, 48 juniors, 58 sophomores, 79 fresh- 
 men, (i specials, 8 post-graduates. 
 
 CIVIL SERVICE REFORM. 
 
 The Civil Service Reform Association of Buffalo was organized June lo, 18.S1. since which 
 date it has e.xercised a careful supervision over official ajjpointments and promotions, in accord- 
 ance with the provisions of the State Constitution related thereto, adopted in 1894, with 
 unquestionable beneficial results. Sherman S. Rogers was president of the organization from 
 1881 until his death, in 1900. Its present officials are: President, .\nsley Wilco.x : Vice- 
 Presidents, Sheldon T. Viele, T. Guilford Smith, Rev. Patrick Cronin, J. J. Albright; 
 Secretary, Frederic Almy ; Treasurer, John B. Olmstead : Executive Committee. Ansley 
 Wilcox, Henry A. Richmond, Henry W. Sprague, John H. Cowing, John B. Olmstead, John 
 R. Warner, Frank M. Loomis, T. (niilford Smith, Walter J. Shepard, P'rederic .\lmy, Charles 
 B. Wheeler, Frank F. Williams, E. R. Rice, A. C. Richardson, William Burnet Wright, Jr., 
 D. y. Murphy, George B. Biinl, Almon H. Cooke, Edward C. Hard, Roland Crangle. John 
 Lord O' Brian. 
 
 BENEVOLENT AND RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 The Ch.'VRITV Organization Society : This soci- 1,010. The princip.il officers are : President, T. Cuil- 
 
 ety is the oldest of its kind in America, liaving been ford Smith ; Vice-President, Ansley Wilcox ; .Secretary 
 
 organized in 1877. The aim of the society is to increase, and Treasurer, Frederic Alniv. 
 
 to organize, and to educate the voluntary personal service Fresh Air Mission: President, P. H. Griffin; 
 
 given to the poor of the city. A statistical summary of Vice-Presidents, Porter Norton and Loran I.. Lewis, Jr.; 
 
 last year's work was given as follows : Total applications Treasurer, Henry W. Sprague ; Secretary, Raymond K. 
 
 for aid (not including labor bureaus), 1,211 ; new fami- Albright; General Manager, Frederic .-Mmy ; .Mana- 
 
 lies registered, 569 ; recurrent cases investigated, 1,255 ; ger, Marc W. Comstock. Cradle Bank Manager, 
 
 visits made by agents, 10,047 ; reports to cooperating . 
 
 churches, 1,108 ; days' work provided for women, 3,516 ; The officers of the Buffalo Fresh .Air Mission Hos- 
 
 «arnings_reporled, f 3,875 ; places reported permanent, pital at Athol Springs are : I'resident, Frederick 
 
?4 
 
 TWKNTIKTH CENTUKV BUFFALO. 
 
 EDWARD P. BEALS. 
 
 A Pioneer of BuHalo's Wholesale Iron and Hardware Business 
 Senior partner in the firm of Beals & Co. 
 
TWENTIKTH CliNTUK^' BUFFALO. 
 
 85 
 
 Picscott ; Vice-Presidents, Paul C. Ransom, Dr. D. \V. 
 Harrington ; Treasuier, Henry \V. Sprajjue ; Secretar)-, 
 Jolin K. Williams ; General Manager, Frederic Almy ; 
 Manager, Marc \V. Comslock ; Cradle Bank Manager, 
 
 ; Metiical Staff, Dr. Irving M. Snow, 
 
 Dr. Dewitt H. Slierman, Dr. Albert A. Lytle, Dr. 
 Kugene A. Smith, Dr. Nelson G. Russell, and Dr. 
 Lorenzo Burrows, Jr. 
 
 Society kor the Prevention ok Cruelty to 
 .\nimai.s: The Erie County Society for the Preven- 
 tion of Cruelty to Animals was incorporated September 
 19, 1888. It is supported by voluntary contributions. 
 Its disbursements for 1901 amounted to §6,125 49. Its 
 permanent or investment fund amounts to ilil.5,000. It 
 employs two agents and has the active cooperation of 
 the citv police force. The principal officials are : Presi- 
 dent, Dewitt Clinton ; Honorary President, Col. E. A. 
 Rockwood ; First Vice-President, C. M. Underhill ; 
 Second Vice-President, Mrs. L. Doty ; Recording and 
 Corresponding Secretary, Miss Margaret F. Rochester ; 
 F'inancial Secretary, Mrs. U. L. Caudell ; Treasurer, 
 C. H. Utley. Annual meeting and election, October 
 1, 1902. 
 
 Prevention of Consumption : The Buffalo Society 
 for the Prevention of Tuberculosis has the following 
 directorate : Rev. O. P. Gifford, Rev. Thomas Dona 
 hue. Dr. John H. Pryor, Dr. Benjamin G. Long, Dr. J. 
 C. Thompson, Dr. A. H. Briggs, Dr. C. E. Langdon, Dr 
 W. G. Bi=sell, Dr. Henry R. Hopkins, Dr. J. S. Smith 
 Dr. Mary Denton, Dr. Jane W. Carroll, Dr. Walter D. 
 Greene, Dr. A. H. Cook, Dr. J. W'. Grosvenor. The 
 officers of the society are : Dr. Benjamin ('<. Long, 
 President ; Dr. Henry R. Hopkins, Vice-President ; 
 Dr. A. H. Briggs, Treasurer ; Dr. W. G. Bissell, Sec- 
 retary. 
 
 Chi'kch Home; In connection with the Church 
 Charity Foundation, Rhode Island Street, near Niagara. 
 Home for aged and destitute females, shelter for infirm 
 and indigent persons, and children's orphanage. 
 
 Deaconesses Home : Located at 219 Bryant Street, 
 also training school for young women wishing to engage 
 in charitable missionary work. 
 
 Home for the Friendless : Principally for aged 
 females ; at Cold Springs. 
 
 Buffalo Orphan Asylum : Incorporated 1837. 
 Located since 1852 on Virginia Street, west of Dela- 
 ware Avenue. President, Walter H. Johnson ; Vice- 
 President, J. J. McWilliams ; Secretary, Carl T. 
 Chester; Treasurer, S. M. Clement. 
 
 Le Couteul.k St. Mary's Dkaf and Dumb Insti- 
 tute : I,ocated at 2253 Main Street. 
 
 Inglesiije Home : Located at 70 Harvard Place. 
 For fallen women. 
 
 Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Home : (jn Franklin 
 Street, opposite Police Headquarters. 
 
 Neighhorhood House Association : Incorporated 
 October 21, 1902. The objects of the association are 
 to organize and carry on settlement work and thus con- 
 tinue the moral, mental, and physical improvement of 
 mankind ; to maintain a neighborhood house for educa- 
 tional and social purposes ; to carry comfort and good 
 cheer to the unfortunate and help the needy by enabling 
 them to help themselves ; to study social problems Ijy 
 personal contact and intimate acquaintance with the 
 needs of the people, and by giving personal symj^athy 
 and encouragement and assistance in raising somewhat 
 the plane of human life. 
 
 The officers of the association are : President, 
 Robert L. Cox ; Vice-President, Arthur H. Williams ; 
 Treasurer, Charles P. McDonald. The Directors, six- 
 teen in number, are as follows : p'rancis Almy, William 
 A. Jones, Carlton E. Ladd, Edward Michael, Josiah G. 
 Munro, Edward R. Rice, Arthur H. Williams, .Albert 
 C. Spann, Charles F. Dunbar. Clarence M. Fenton, 
 Lucien Howe, Alvin A. Hubbell, Robert I.. Cox, 
 Adelbert Moot, Charles C. McDonald, and William C. 
 lustice. 
 
 LIFE SAVING CORPS. 
 
 Uniied States Volunteer Life Saving Corps : 
 The Buffalo division is under the command of Commo- 
 dore Robert E. Magner, Vice-Commodore Walter 
 Hayes, and Captain William C. Chadeayne and Joseph 
 
 J. Werrick, inspectors and active officers of crews for 
 ihis division. The Buffalo Division takes in Tonawanda, , 
 La Salle, Niagara Falls, I^ewiston, and Voungstown, as 
 well as all Lake Erie ports of this State. 
 
 PLACES OF PUBLIC WORSHIP. 
 
 The prominent religious denominations are well repre- 
 sented in Buffalo. The places for public worship are as 
 follows t Catholic, 44, including 1 Italian and G Polish ; 
 Baptist, 28 ; .Melhodi't Episcopal, 25 ; Presbyterian, 
 22 ; Evangelical, German, 14 ; Evangelical Lutheran, 
 
 German, 157, English, 5 ; Evangelical Reformed, Ger- 
 man, 5 ; Evangelical Association, 4 ; Episcopal, 14 ; 
 Congregational, 5; Church of Christ, Disciples, 4; 
 Scientists, 3 ; Free Methodist, 3 ; Unitarian, 2 ; Uni- 
 versalist, 2 ; Jewish 9. 
 
 ■ HOSPITALS. 
 
 State Hospital for the Insane: Forest and 
 Elmwood avenuci. Built in 1872 and since enlarged. 
 Cost over $2,000,000. 
 
 German Hospital : At 621 Genesee Street. 
 
 General Hospital: At 100 High Street, east of 
 Main. Cost #320,000. Also training school for nurses. 
 
 Homeopathic Hospital : At corner of Maryland 
 and Cottage streets. 
 
 At intersection of Georgia and 
 
 Women's Hospital ; 
 Seventh streets. 
 
 County Hospital : At County Almshouse. 
 
 Sisters of Charity Hospital, Catholic : Main 
 Street, near Delevan Avenue. Cost of building and 
 grounds, $250,000. 
 
 Several semi-public hospitals and infirmaries connected 
 chiefly with charitable institu'ions. 
 
86 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BL'FFALO. 
 
 lOHN .1. iMcWILLIAMS. 
 
 Treasurer. V. M. C. A.; President. Buffalo Merchants' Exchanf,'e. 11H13-08; 
 Manager. Buffalo Historical Society. 
 
TWENTIETH CKNTLRV BIFFALO. 
 
 87 
 
 CEMETERIES AND CREMATURV. 
 
 Forest I. awn. — This is ihe principal Imrial ground 
 of the city and is known as the IJuffalo City Cemetery. 
 Covers an area of 267 acres. Main entrance on Main 
 Street, near Delavan Avenue. Boundaries : Main 
 Street, Delavan Avenue, Forest Avenue, Delaware .-V ve- 
 nue, Delaware Park, grounds of the Institute of the 
 Sisters of St. Joseph. Began in 1850, owned by a 
 stock company, and is an incorporated trust. Office, 
 27 Erie County Bank building. 
 
 Holy Cross Cemetery. — Located at Limestone 
 Hill. Catholic burial ground. A large plat and admir- 
 ably kept. Chapel built in 1894. 
 
 Other denominational cemeteries at Limestone Hill, 
 also at Pine Hill. Several private cemeteries else- 
 where. 
 
 The Crematory, owned by the Buffalo Crematory 
 Company, on Delavan Avenue, opposite Forest Lawn 
 Cemeterv. Built in 188G. 
 
 CATHOLIC INSTITUTES. 
 
 The officers of the Buffalo Catholic Institute, corner 
 of Main and Virginia streets, for 1902-1903 are : Presi- 
 dent, P. J. Shifferens ; Vice-President, Nich. Scherer ; 
 Recording Secretary, Leo J. Neupert ; Financial Secre- 
 tary, Fr. F. Wanemacher ; Treasurer, J. H. Ullenbruch ; 
 Managers, Joseph Krumholz, Fr. J. Stephen, James A. 
 Campbell, John F. Cochrane, A. J. Hoefner. 
 
 The officers of the North Buffalo Catholic Association 
 
 and Library for 1902-1903 are : President, William 
 Degenhart ; Vice-President, Frank J. Argus ; Recorder, 
 John B. Doe ; Financial Secretary, Emil Balthasar ; 
 Treasurer, John C. Harrington ; Librarian, Joseph 
 Sanders ; Trustees, Theo. Spadinger, A. J. Hoffmeyer, 
 O. M. Mindnich, George Dehlinger, John J. Eimiller, 
 fohn Spadinger, Frank Roessler, Conrad May. 
 
 CATHOLIC EDUCATIONAL AND CHARITABLE LNSIll U I'lONS. 
 
 Ca.nisius College .\nd Chapel : at 651 Washing- 
 ton Street. Conducted by the Fathers of the Society 
 of Jesus. About 300 students. 
 
 Sr. Joseph's College : Church Street and Terrace. 
 
 Mount St. Joseph Academy : At 2064 .Main Street. 
 
 IbiLY .\ngels .\cademy : Porter Avenue and Pros- 
 pect Park. Conducted by the Grey Nuns. 
 
 Academy of the Sacred Heart : At 749 Wash- 
 ington Street. 
 
 Mount St. Mary's Academy : At 135 Cleveland 
 Avenue. Conducted by the Sisteis of the Order of the 
 Sacred Heart of Mary. .\lso Seminary of the Sacred 
 Heart of Mary. 
 
 St. Mary's Academy and Inhustrhi. School 
 (Miss Nardin's): At 68 Franklin Street. 
 
 Thirty-two parochial schools. 
 
 Twelve convents. 
 
 OTHER EDUC.\TIONAL AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 In addition to those already enumerated, there are 
 several schools attached to the asylums, seventeen kin- 
 
 dergartens, supported by the Buffalo Kindergarten Asso- 
 ciation, and about twenty private or church schools. 
 
 SOCIAL CLUBS AND SOtTETIES. 
 
 .\mong the prominent social chibs and societies of Twentieth Centtiry Buffitio are the 
 following : 
 
 Acacia (Masonic) : President, Dr. Walter D. 
 Greene ; Secretary, Charles H. Funnell. 
 
 .■\lleg.\ny County Society : President, Alfred H. 
 Burt ; Secretary, Tohn E. Middaugh, Jr. 
 
 Buffalo Club : President, Ralph H. Plumb ; Sec- 
 retary, William H: Gratwick. 
 
 Canadian Club (formerly the Canadian-American 
 Club) : President, James Kerr ; Vice-President, Dr. 
 McCiellan Pomeroy ; Second Vice-President, Dr. R. 
 Murray ; Secretary, Gordon F. Matthews ; Treasurer, 
 C. N. McMichaels ; Assistant Secretary, H. K. McPhail ; 
 Literary Correspondent, C. L. Daniel. 
 
 Colonial Club: President, E. A. Spencer; Secre- 
 tary, W. H. Johnson. 
 
 Country Club : Old home opened .August 5, 1889. 
 New home on upper Main Street, east side, beyond city 
 line, opened .August 2, 1902. Sixty acres. President, 
 William H. Hotchkiss ; First Vice-President, Carleton 
 Sprague ; Second Vice-President, H. H. Littell ; Secre- 
 tary, C. Hallam Keep ; Treasurer, Robert Pomeroy ; 
 House and Grounds Committee, Thomas Gary, Henry 
 K. Bilge, and Carleton Sprague; Golf Committee, 
 Ganson Depew, .\rthur Hedstrom, and H. H. Littell. 
 
 Ellicott Club: President, Frank H. Goodyear; 
 Secretary, William S. Riselay. 
 
 Lawyers' Club ; President, Wallace Thayer ; Sec- 
 retary, Thomas H. Noonan. 
 
 Liberal Club: President, Henry Ware Sprague; 
 Vice-Presidents, R. R. Hefford, Frederic .-Mtny ; Secre- 
 tary, F. Howard Mason ; Topic Committee. Frank H. 
 Severance, Loran L. Lewis, Jr., Walter J. Shepard, 
 Walter L. Brown, and Edward R. Rice ; Membership 
 Committee, Arthur Detmers, Albert B. Mann, Frederick 
 K. Wing, and Jesse C. Dann ; Executive Committee, 
 John Eppendorf, John M. Satterfield, F. A. Vogt. 
 
 Independence Clue : President .\delbert Moot ; 
 First Vice-President, Frank Rumsey ; Second Vice- 
 President, Thomas Stoddart ; Secretary, Harry E. 
 Montgomery ; Treasurer, Nelson O. TitTany. 
 
 Odd Fellows : President, Frank Turpell ; Secre- 
 tary, Charles Noonan. 
 
 Otowega Club : President, E. J. Barcalo ; First 
 Vice-President, Leslie J. Bennett ; Second Vice-Presi- 
 dent, Arthur W. Hickman; Treasurer, William Fiss ; 
 Secretary, Mark D. Leonard ; House Committee, C. J. 
 McLennan, Leslie J. Benne t, John Bullymore. 
 
88 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 BALLARD 1. CROCKER, 
 President, Buffalo Builders' Exchange, 190S-03. Contractor and Builder. 
 
TWIiNTILlTII CENTrKV BUFFALO. 
 
 -sa 
 
 Press Club : President, Harold J. Balliett ; Treas- 
 urer, John F. Koine; Secretary, John -W. McCrea ; 
 Librarian, Thomas P. Hamilton ; Directors, Frank G. 
 Whiston, William E Corcoran, E. \V. Crosby. 
 
 Rochester Society ; President, Ben E. Moseley ; 
 First Vice-President, John L. Vosburg ; Second Vice- 
 I'resident, Henry T. Jaeger ; Secretary, Alvin Block ; 
 Treasurer, Conrad Ziinmer ; Historian, Nelson T. Bar- 
 rett ; Board of Governors, Charles K. Siimmerhays, A. 
 I. Loomis, Benjamin KautTman, Elbridge G. Lane, 
 ^.reorge Graham. Ray K. Alexander, J. B. Roberts. 
 
 Satuun Ci.uk : Dean, Edward R. Rice; Secretary, 
 Shepard Kimberly. 
 
 c;r.\nd is 
 
 Grand Island Assoclviton : Directors. D. H. 
 Person, David Reynolds, John L. Nice, William Schutt, 
 C. Lee Abel, \V. F. Houpt, F'rank Hammond. 
 
 FALCONVVOOt) Club : Presiilent, F'rank S. Sidway ; 
 Secretary, William V. Warren. 
 
 Idlf.wood Club : President, J. C. Nagel ; Secre- 
 tary, William H. Hotchkiss. 
 
 Society of Vekmonters : President, C. C. F'am- 
 liam ; Secretary, Thomas H. Noonan. 
 
 University Club : President, Henry K. Howland ; 
 Secretary, Louis E. Desbecker. 
 
 Victoria Clue (British): President, Edwin G. 
 Cheverton ; First Vice-Presi<lcnt, William G. Stanis- 
 land ; Second \'ice-President. George E. More ; Sec- 
 retary, Robert Palen ; Treasurer. William H. J. 
 Cole ; Chairman Topic Committee, J. G. Robertson 
 Cilasgow. 
 
 Westminster Club: President, Frank E. Wade; 
 Secretary, lohn B. Newman. 
 
 l..\Nl) CLUBS. 
 
 Island Club: President, W. H. D. Barr ; Vice- 
 President, W. A. Joyce; .Secretary, Philip Joyce; 
 Treasurer, Frank L. Danforth ; Chairman of House 
 Committee, J. W. Clement ; Chairman of Entertain- 
 ment Committee, Dr. Conrad Wettlaufer. 
 
 Oakfiei.d Club: President, Dr. M. B. Straight; 
 Secretary. L. L. Lewis, Jr. 
 
 OUTING AND SPORTING ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 Audubon Gun Club : President, Dr. J. ^L Burke ; 
 Secretary, Charles S. Burkardt. 
 
 Automobile Club : President, EUicott Evans ; 
 Vice-I'resident, H. A. Meldrum ; Secretary, John 
 Satterfield ; Treasurer, E. R. Thomas. 
 
 Buffalo Racing Associ.\tion : President, Charles 
 F. Dunbar; Vice-Presidents, Henry C. Jewett, Charles 
 A. Wenborne ; Secretary, E. C. Roth ; Treasurer, M. 
 L. Denslovv. Capital, $275,000. 
 
 Buffalo Yacht Club : Commodore, Harrison N. 
 Vedder ; Vice-Commodore, Henry V. Bisgood ; Fleet 
 Captain, Maj. F'rank E. Wood ; Secretary and Treas- 
 urer, Allen A. Thomas ; Measurer, Frank D. Wood ; 
 .Assistant Measurer, H. \'. Bisgood, Jr.; Fleet .Surgeon, 
 E. P. Hussey, M. D. 
 
 Canoe Club : Commodore Edward E. Coatsworth ; 
 V'ice-Commodore, George S. Kellogg ; Fleet Captain, 
 Lyman T. Coppins ; Secretary, Henry L. Frick ; Treas- 
 
 urer, EUicott R. Colson ; Directors, Edgar A. Taylor, 
 Harvey G. Bush, Robert W. Gallagher, W. Morse 
 ^^'ilson. 
 
 Kenilworth Club (in connection with the new 
 race track at Northeast Buffalo, of the Buflfalo Racing 
 Association): President, Gen. George S. Field; First 
 Vice-President, Bronson Rumsey ; Second Vice-Presi- 
 dent, William Hengerer ; Third \'ice- President, Dr. 
 Charles Cary ; Secretary -Treasurer, Harry D. Williams ; 
 Board of Governors (with the officers), Harry T. Rams- 
 dell. George Bleistein, Edward Ellsworth, William C. 
 Warren, John R. H. Richmond, Dr. Alexander Curtis, 
 George K. Birge. 
 
 Queen City Baseball and Amusement Com- 
 pany: President, W. W. Pierce; Vice-President. Mi- 
 chael Shea ; Treasurer, John Kreitner ; Secretary, T. 
 G. O'Brien ; Manager, George T. Stallings. 
 
 PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 
 
 Buffalo lacks a strictly high-class opera house or theater, but those seeking dramatic and musical entertainment 
 can find reasonably good accommodations in the various places now provided. These are : 
 
 Star Theater, built in 1888, seats about 1,500. 
 Managers, Starr and Sterling, who present high-class 
 attractions. 
 
 Teck Tiie.\ter, remodeled from Music Hall, seats 
 about 2,000. Manager, John Laiighlin. Presents su- 
 perior opera and musical entertainments. 
 
 Academy ok Music, rebuilt in 1901, seats about 
 1,500. Managers, Starr and Sterling. Second grade 
 dramatic performances. 
 
 Shea's Garden Theater, seats about 1,800. 
 Manager, Michael Shea. Presents better class of vaude- 
 ville. 
 
 Lyceum Theater, seats about 2,300. Manager, 
 John Laughlin. Principally devoted to melodrama and 
 minstrelsy. 
 
 Lafayette The.^ter, seats about 1,-100. Manager, 
 Charles Bagg. Variety performances. 
 
 Court Street The.viek, seats about 1,800. Mana- 
 ger. Michael Shea. \'ariety performances. 
 
 Convention H.-ill, owned by the City of Buffalo, 
 formerly the Armory of the 7-tth Regiment, N. G. 
 N. v., is rented for concerts, exhibitions, conventions, 
 organ recitals, and public meetings. Seats about 5,000. 
 Under the supervision of the Commissioner of Public 
 Works. 
 
 PUBLIC MARKETS. 
 
 The four public markets of Buflalo are : Elk Street Market, the largest, chiefly whole.sale, 
 covering two squares bounded by Scott, East Market, Elk, and West Market streets ; \Vashing- 
 ton Market, occupying a space between Washington and EUicott streets, with Chippewa Street 
 on the .south ; Clinton Street Market, and Broadway Market. The markets are owned by the 
 city and are self-supporting. 
 
90 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 JOSEPH E. EWELL. 
 
 Judge Advocate. State of New York, G. A. R. (see page ill). .Attorney and Counselor at Law 
 
TWKNTIETH CENTLRV BIFFALU. 91 
 
 PKNITENTIARV, JAIL, AND COLNTV HOUSP:. 
 
 The Erie County Penitentiary, situated at the corner of Fifth and Pennsylvania streets, 
 comprises two buildings, one erected in 1.S77 with -TOO cells, and the other built in Is'.)^) with 
 300 cells. 
 
 The Erie County Jail, on the west side of Delaware Avenue, opijosite the rear entrance of 
 the city and county building, was built in l!S77 and has cell accommodations for about 200 
 prisoners. 
 
 The P>ie County Almhouse Hospital and Farm are located on the east side of Main Street 
 near the city bne. There are usually al)oiit (iOO inmates. 
 
 G. A. R. 
 
 The first post of the Grand .Army of the Republic was organized at Decatur, ill., April 6, 
 186(). The first national encampment was held in Indianapolis, November 20, 18(j(i, and that 
 of 1902, at Washington D. C, October 8th, when Gen. T. J. Stewart of Pennsylvania was 
 elected Commander-in-Chief. In 1890 there were 409,489 members of the ('.. .A. R. In 
 1902 the members reported was 263,475. 
 
 The thirty-first National Encampment was held in Buffalo, August 2-3 to 28, 1S!)7. 
 
 The department of New York was organized April 3, 1867. Charles A. Orr of Buffalo was 
 elected Commander in 1!)01. The present State Commander is Allan C. Bal<ewell of New 
 York City. 
 
 In Buffalo are the following posts, with the number of members of each, reported January 1, 1002 : Chapni, 
 No. 2, 3110 ; Bidwell-Wilkeson, No. 9, 380 ; George Stoneman, No. 180, 42 ; McMahon, No. 208, 3o ; Albert J. 
 Meyer, No. 289, 113 ; William Richardson, No. 254, 95 ; Elisha L. Hayward, No. 254, 82. A Relief Corps, No. 
 4, is attached to Chapin Post, and also to William Richardson Post, No. 59. 
 
 Three active and valuable organizations associated with the G. A. R. are the Bureau of the Relief and 
 Emergency Fund, the Pension Committee and General Relief Committee, of all of which James W. Chatman 
 has been Secretary since their foundation. He is also Secretary of the Memorial and Executive Committee. 
 
 Among the members of the G. A. R. in Buflfalo now holding high office are : Joseph E. Ewell, Judge 
 Advocate New York Department, and Ilr. J. II. Grant, Medical Director. 
 
 OTHER PATRIOTIC ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 Among the important representative patriotic liodies in Buffalo not previously referred to are : 
 
 Colonel R. G. Shaw, Circle, No. 11. 
 
 General D. S. Stanley, Garrison, No. 36. 
 
 Buffalo Chapter Sons of the American Revolution. 
 
 Buffalo Association of the Society of the Sons of the Revolution, State of New York. 
 
 Queen City Camp, No. 85, and P. G. Cook Camp, No. 223, Sons of Veterans. 
 
 Sa-go-wat-ha Society of the Children of the American Revolution. 
 
 THE FRATERNITIES 
 
 The "fraternal" spirit in Buffalo is very strong. The city is the headi|uarters of several 
 of the leading fraternal societies of the country, and all the principal fraternities are well repre- 
 sented, including the ]:)rominent lieneficiary organizations. 
 
92 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 JOSEPH FOWLER, M. D. 
 Depiit) Grand Master. F. A. M.; Suryeon of the Police Department of Buffalo. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY HLFFALO. 93 
 
 FREEMASONRY. 
 
 The most important, influential, and numerous of Buffalo's "fraternities" is comprised in the various Masonic 
 bodies of the city, which, with a few exceptions, hold their meetings in the Masonic Temple on Niagara Street, near 
 Eagle, erected in 1890. 
 
 The following are the F. A. M. lodges, with the date of charter and present membership: Iliram, No. 
 105, December 5, 1845, 404 ; Concordia, No. 143, June 13, 1849, 245 ; Erie, No. 161, June 8, 1850. 494 ; Wash- 
 ington, No. 240, December 11, 1851, 643 ; Parish, No. 292, June 10, 1853, 336; Modestia, No. 340, July 5, 1854, 
 255 ; Queen City, No. 358, June 18, 1855, 329 ; Ancient Landmarks, No. 441, June 17, 1858, 338 ; De Molay, 
 No. 498, July 2, 1860, 543 ; Harmonie, No. 699, June 13, 1870, 157; Occidental, No. 766, June 10, 1876, 163 ; 
 Highland, No. 835, May 9, 1901, 43. 
 
 The Chapters, Royal Arch .Masons, are : Buffalo, No. 71 (originally Niagara, No. 71, February 7, 1822), 
 February 1, 1848, 387 ; Keystone, No. 163, February 3, 1857, 366 ; Adytem, No. 235, February 2, 1870, 208 ; 
 Germania, No. 256, February 8, 1871, lH'i. 
 
 There are two Councils of Royal anl Select Masters : Buffalo, No. 17, June 6, 1860, 185 ; Keystone, No. 20, 
 June 4, 1861, 109. 
 
 The Commanderies, Knights Templar, are : Lake Erie, No. 20, February 4, 1853, 302 ; Hugh de Payens, No. 
 3U, September 13, 1860, 252. 
 
 The organizations of the .\ncient and Accepted Scottish Kite Masons are : Palmoni Lodge of Perfection, 533 ; 
 Palmoni Council, Princess of Jerusalem, .545; Buffalo Chapter of Rose Croix, H. R. D. M., 560; Buffalo 
 Consistory, S. P. K. S., .541. 
 
 Naomi Chapter, No. 102, Order of the Eastern Star, has 187 members. Charter granted June 26, 1894. The 
 side organizations, not strictly Masonic but admitting only Freemasons of eligible degree to membership, are : 
 Ismailia Temple, Ancient .\rabic Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, June 28, 1888, 1,296 ; Zuleika Grotto, No. 
 10, Mystic Order Veiled Prophets of the Enchanted Realm, June 6, 1895, 586. 
 
 The Acacia Club, membership confined to the craft, has 600 resident and 117 non-resident members. 
 
 The Past Masters' Association of the Thirty-eighth Masonic District, State of New York, was organized in 
 1S9S. 
 
 The Masonic Temple is under the control of a board made up of representatives from the Masonic bodies 
 holding stock in the association. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of New York, F. A. M., of which Elbert Crandall ot New York is Grand Master, 
 holds its next annual meeting in New York City in May, 1903. 
 
 The Grand Chapter of the State meets the first Tuesday in February, 1903, in .\lbany. The present High 
 Priest is Alfred A. Guthrie of Albany. 
 
 The Grand Council of the State meets in annual assembly in New Y'ork City, in .Vugust, 1903. The present 
 Grand Master is Willard S. Bradt of Rochester. 
 
 The Grand Commandery, K. T., of the State, will hold its ninetieth annual conclave in Buffalo, in September, 
 r.103. The present R. E. G. C. is William J. Maxwell of Brooklyn. 
 
 The next Grand Encampment, K. T., will meet in San Francisco, September 6, 1904. 
 
 The following Buffalo members of the Craft are now holding high office : 
 
 Charles W. Cushman, Past Grand Master, F. A. M., Commander in Chief, Buffalo Consistory ; active 
 member Supreme Council, Northern Masonic Jurisdiction. 
 
 Christopher G. Fox, General Grand Secretary, General Grand Chapter, R. A. ^L 
 
 Hon. Erastus C. Knight, Grand Captain-Geneial, Grand Commandery, K. T. 
 
 Dr. George L. Brown, Imperial Chief Rabban, Imperial Council, A. O. N. M. S. 
 
 Charles E. .Markham, Secretary of all the Scottish Rites bodies in Buffalo, Recorder ol Lake Erie Command- 
 ery, K. T. ; member of the Royal Order of Scotland. 
 
 The following are honorary members of the Thirty-third Degree : John S. Bartlett, Charles W. Cushman, 
 Horace A. Noble, John L. Brothers, Dr. George L. Brown, Robert C. Titus, Edward W. Hatch, Francis G. 
 Ward, Dr. Walter D. Greene, William S. Gratton, Samuel Root, Frank B. Hower, William H. Lyons, 
 Dr. Jo-eph Fowler. 
 
 Dr. Joseph Fowler is the present Deputy Grand Master for the Thirty-eighth Masonic District of the State of 
 New York, comprising all the subordinate lodges F. A. M. in Buffalo and Erie County. He is also Grand 
 Chancellor of the New York Council of Deliberation, .•\ncient Accepted Scottish Rite. 
 
 ODD FELLOWSHIP. 
 
 The Independent Order of Odd Fellows has a very large and active representation in Buffalo and throughout 
 Erie County. In the city there are thirty-five subordinate lodges and in the county a total of forty-eight, with a 
 
94 
 
 TWENTIETH CEXTLRV BUKFALO. 
 
 ALBERT J. SIGMAN. 
 
 Past Grand Deputy, Independent Order of Odd FlHows (see page 95) 
 Attorney and Counselor at Law. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTUin liL'EEALU. 95 
 
 membership of iioaiiy lO.UUO. In addition, there are in Buffalo seven Encampments of the Patriarclial Dcijree and 
 four Cantons of the uniformed branch, tlie Patriarchs Militant, and eighteen Kebeka Lodges. 
 
 On January 1, 1902, there were 12,792 subordinate lodges of the order, 2,7H0 Encampments, 529 Cantons, anil 
 5,756 Rebeka Lodges, with a total membership of 1,202,272 subordinate lodge Odd Fellows, 145.138 Patriarchs 
 and 374,934 Rebekas, who are women relatives of Odd Fellows. During the year 1901, a total of 
 $3,939,785.68 was paid for the relief of sick members and for burials. 
 
 Among the leading and representative Odd Fellows in HutTalo now holding high office are : Jacob Dilcher, 
 Grand Representative ; Edward C. Shafer, Department Commander Patriarchs Militant, and Past Grand Patriarch ; 
 Freelow Chaffee, Assistant Adjutant-General, Patriarchs Militant ; \. ]. Sigman, Past District Deputy. 
 
 KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. 
 
 The Knights of Pythias, organized in Washington, D. C, February 14, 1864, has a membership of 1.200 in 
 Buffalo, where there are sixteen lodges. There are two au.viliary branches of the order, the Uniformed rank and 
 the Endowment or life insurance rank. The latter, January 1, 1902, had a membership of 57,075, representing 
 protection to the amount of f 101, 265, .500. There is a "side" degree associated with the K. of P. called the 
 Dramatic Order, Knights of Khorassan. 
 
 Among the members of the K. of P. in Buffalo holding high rank are : Charles \V. Hinson, Past Grand 
 Chancellor ami Supreme Representative ; Chas. E. Rice, Grand Inner Guard ; Dr. Henry G. Bentz, Colonel 
 Uniformed Rank. 
 
 THE ELKS AND THE EACxLES. 
 
 The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, founded in 1868, has a strong and active membership in Buffalo 
 Lodge, No. 23, of which Frank W. Gethoefer is Exalted Ruler. E. S. Orris of Buffalo is Treasurer of the Grand 
 Lodge of the order. 
 
 Similar to the Order of Elks, but a much more recent organization, is the Order of Eagles, which has a numerous 
 following in Buffalo. John J. Kennedy is the local President. 
 
 OTHER FRATERNAL SOCIETIES. 
 
 Both the Improved (.)rder of Red Men and its auxiliary Degree of Pocahontas has a considerable membership 
 in Buffalo. 
 
 Other similar organizations are the Sons of St. George, Knights of St. John, Knights of Columbus, Knights of 
 St. John and Malta, Ancient Order of Hibernians and its Ladies' Auxiliary. 
 
 LABOR ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 In the official programme of Labor Day, September 1, 1902, the press committee of the L'nited Trades and 
 Labor Council of Erie County and vicinity printed the following : 
 
 The aim of the United Trades and Labor Council has always been to elevate the workingman morally, socially, 
 and intellectually, believing that man is the best member of tlieir organization who believes that along moral and 
 educational lines we will sooner accomplish the aims of the Trades Union movement ; namely, that the working- 
 man shall receive a fair return for his labor. That the policy of the Council has .some merit would be inferred 
 from the fact that there has been an increase from seventy-five Locals one year ago to a total of 138 today, with 
 the prospect of a large increase in the future, and the time is not far distant when Buffalo will be known far and 
 near as the best organized city in the United States. To provide for the increase, it has been found necessary to 
 form a new Section known as the Railroad Section, which bids fair to more than rival the size of any other part of 
 the Council. There is at the present time 650 Delegates from the different Locals entitled to seats in the Council, 
 and it makes glad the hearts of those old war-horses who remember the time in this city when a very small hall 
 could hold all its representatives, and they look back and remember that they had a part in building the foundation 
 of such a grand organization. The Council at the present time is composed of six Sections, namely ; "Building 
 Trades," made up of trades connected with construction of buildings; "Printing Trades," all trades connected 
 \\ilh the art of printing ; "Iron Trades," all trades whose members make and handle iron ; "German Trades," 
 all Locals who conduct their affairs in German ; " Railroad Section," all men who work in and around railroads ; 
 "Miscellaneous Section," which is composed of all trades not connected with any of the above Sections. 
 
 The officers of the United Trades and Labor Council, 1902, were : President, Archy Grant ; First Vice-Presi- 
 dent, Wilson Larery ; Recording Secretary, John Clark ; Financial Secretary, Frank Feitz ; Warden, Owen 
 O'Connor ; Treasurer and Business Agent, John Coleman ; Trustees, Edward Fox, James Ryan, John Butler. 
 
96 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURV BUFFALO. 
 
 JOHN J. HYNES. 
 
 Supreme President, Catholic Mutual Benefit Association (see page 97). 
 Attorney and Counselor at Law. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 97 
 
 FRATERNAL BENEFICIARY ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 At the annual session of the National Fraternal Congress, held at Denver, Col., August, 
 1902, fifty-two fraternal beneficiary societies were represented, having a total membership at the 
 close of 1901 of 3,236,067, and providing "protection," or life insurance, to the amount of 
 84,922,423,527.16, nearly five billion dollars. 
 
 The main purpose of these societies are practically identical, to make provision for the 
 families and those dependent upon the members in cases of death, disability, or sickness ; but 
 the plans in operation differ in some details, as also do the amounts paid to beneficiaries. 
 These societies unquestionably accomplish most beneficent results, the extent of which 
 depends in a large measure upon the eflbrts of the officials and the cooperation afforded by 
 the members themselves. 
 
 Of these societies many are represented in Buffalo with this city as headquarters, or by 
 subordinate bodies and by members holding high office. 
 
 ANCIENT ORDER OF UNITED WORKMEN. 
 
 The oldest of these societies is the Ancient Order of United Workmen, organized in 1868, having in 1902 
 427,426 members, representing "protection," or life insurance, to the amount of $772,314,000. There are twenty- 
 five lodges of the order in Buffalo, with a total membership, September 1, 1902, of 3,30.5. 
 
 Among the members of the A. O. U. W. in Buffalo now holding high office are : Supreme Receiver, Henry B. 
 Dickinson ; Grand Recorder, A. C. Harwick ; Grand Receiver, Victor R. Blehdon ; Grand Medical Examiner, 
 Dr. Albert H. Briggs. 
 
 The offices of the Grand Recorder are on the eighth floor of the Mutual Life Building on Pearl Street. 
 
 KNIGHTS OF THE MACABEES. 
 
 The Supreme Tent, Knights of the Macabees, was organized at Port Huron, Mich., 1883. September 1, 1902, it 
 had a membership of 292,954, with 4,300 tents in fifty States and provinces. From January to September, 1902, 
 the order paid benefits to the amount of if 1,746,471.6.5. Its records showed cash and invested funds amounting to 
 §2,059,922.27. 
 
 The largest of its Great Camps is that of New York State, with 755 tents and 60,000 members. In Buffalo 
 there are twenty-eight tents with a membership of 5,000. Among the members of the K. O. T. M. in Buffalo now 
 holding high office are : f. B. McDannell, Great Commander (a position he has held for twelve years); J. E. 
 Dewey, Great Record Keeper ; E. \V. Beach, Great Chaplain ; Paul Schindler, Great Sentinel ; C. S. Dunning, 
 Representative to the Supreme Tent. 
 
 An important auxiliary to the K. O. T. M. is the women's organization. The Ladies of the Macabees, of which 
 there are thirty-three hives in Buffalo, with a membership of 3,500. 
 
 The headquarters of the Great Commander and Great Record Keeper ai'e in a building erected and owned by 
 the Great Camp of New York, on the east side of Main Street, near Bryant Street. 
 
 CATHOLIC MUTUAL BENEFIT ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The Catholic Mutual Benefit Association was organized at Niagara Falls in July, 1876, and is a genuine Catholic 
 society. January 1, 1902, it had a total membership of 56,684, representing "protection," 01 life insurance, to the 
 amount of $87,708,000. In Buffalo there are twenty-six subordinate lodges of the order, with a total membership 
 of 6,968. Among the members of the C. M. B. A. in Buffalo now holding high office are : Rt. Rev. J. E. Quigley, 
 D. D., Bishop of Buffalo, Supreme Spiritual Advisor ; Supreme President and Chancellor of New York State Grand 
 Council, John J. Hynes ; Rev. M. J. Kean, Supreme Trustee ; Dr. J. T. Kinsler, Supreme Medical Examiner ; 
 C. J. Drescher, Supreme Chancellor. 
 
 The office of Supreme President Hynes is in the Mooney-Brisbane Building. 
 
98 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 A. C. HARWICK. 
 
 DR. A. H. BRIGGS. 
 
 Grand Recorder and Grand Medical. Examiner, Ancient Order of United Workmen. 
 Grand Lodge, State of New York, (See page 97.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 99 
 
 ORDER OF SELECT KNIGHTS. 
 
 The Order of Select Knights, a reputable and flourishing organization, has its headquarters in Buffalo. It was 
 organized here in 1879, and is now working on a thoroughly practical and economic system. It has a large and 
 rapidly increasing membership in 140 subordinate legions, of which twenty-five are in Buffalo, with a membership 
 of over 2,000. The total "protection" afforded by the order exceeds §4,500,000. Among the members of the 
 O. S. K. in Buffalo holding high rank are : Dr. William H. Snider, Grand Commander ; George K. Staples, Grand 
 Recorder, a position he has filled most efficiently for four years. Both sexes are admitted to membership in the 
 O. S. K. , which has also a uniformed auxiliary. 
 
 The headquarters of the O. S. K. are in the EUicott Square Building. 
 
 ROYAL TEMPLARS OF TEMPERANCE. 
 
 The Royal Templars of Temperance was organized in Buffalo in 1870. January 1. 1902, it had a total member- 
 ship of 13,656, representing "protection," or life insurance, to the amount of $15,605,150. In Buffalo there are 
 fourteen subordinate lodges of the order, with a total membership of 1,6.50. 
 
 Among the members of the R. T. of T. in Buffalo now holding high office are : Esbon B. Rew, Supreme 
 Secretary ; William H. D. Barr, Supreme Treasurer ; Dr. J. W. Grosvenor, Associate Supreme Medical Examiner ; 
 Simon P. Greene, Director. 
 
 The headquarters of the R. T. of T. are in the Masonic Temple, Niagara Street. 
 
 ROYAL ARCANUM. 
 
 The Royal Arcanum was organized in 1887. January 1, 1902, its total membership was 231,132, representing 
 " protection," or life insurance, to the amount of $585,704,000. There are fifteen councils of the order in Buffalo, 
 with a total membership of 2,500. This order holds very high rank among its sister organizations. 
 
 The members of the R. A. in Buffalo now holding high office are : State Medical Examiner, Dr. George W. 
 York, Representative to the Supreme Council, 1901-1902 ; G. L. Committee on Printing and Supplies, Herbert L. 
 Goodrich ; Grand Secretary, J. Y. Bicknell, who has filled the office continuously for seventeen years. 
 
 . THE ORDER OF THE IROQUOIS. 
 
 The Order of the Iroquois is essentially a Buffalo institution. It was instituted in this city in 1897 and 
 incorporated February 16, 1898. Its plan is safe, strong, and equitable. It has fifty-two subordinate lodges, with 
 a membership of about 2,500, affording " protection," or life assurance, to the amount of $3,000,000. There are 
 ten lodges in Buffalo, with a membership of 700. Those in Buffalo holding high oflice are : Dr. Ernest Wende, 
 Supreme President ; C. Lee Abel, Supreme Vice-President ; F. H. Duckwitz, Supreme Counselor ; Walter A. 
 Rice, Supreme Secretary ; D. Clark Ralph, Supreme Treasurer ; Dr. E. L. Frost, Supreme Medical Examiner ; 
 Walter H. Johnson, Supreme Marshal. 
 
 The headquarters of the Order of the Iroquois are in the Ellicott Square Building. 
 
 OTHER ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 Other fraternal beneficiary organizations represented by suboi-dinate bodies, in Buffalo are : .American Legion 
 of Honor, National Union, Independent Order of Good Templars, Knights of Honor, Protected Home 
 Circle, Fraternal Mystic Circle, Woodman of the World, Foresters of America and its auxiliary Companions of the 
 Forest, Catholic Benevolent Legion, Independent Order of Foresters and its auxiliary Companions of the I. O. O. F., 
 National Order of Buffaloes. 
 
 The Jewish benevolent societies are : Berith Abraham, Benai Berith, and Sons of Benjamin. 
 
 Rad Karlew Tyn, No. 55, S. B. J. T. , is a Bohemian association. 
 
 The Exempt Firemen, Letter Carriers, Police, School Teachers, are well organized for mutual benefit. 
 
 t.OFC. 
 
100 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 J. B. McDANNELL. 
 Great Commander, Kniy;hts of the Macabees. (See page 97.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 101 
 
 J. E. DEWEV. 
 Great Record Keeper. Knit;hts of the Wacabees. (See page 97.) 
 
102 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 ESBON B. REVV. 
 
 Supreme Secretary, Royal Templars of Temperance. (See page W.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 103 
 
 GEORGE K. STAPLES. 
 Grand Recorder, Order of Select Knights. (See page 99.) 
 
104 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 J. Y. BICKNELL. 
 Grand Secretary. Royal Arcanum. Grand Lodge of New York. (See page !)9.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 I or, 
 
 W. A. RICE. 
 Supreme Secretary, Order of Iroquois. (See page 99.) 
 
106 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 DR. JOSEPH T. COOK. 
 President, Buffalo Association of tlie Sons of the Revolution. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 107 
 
 SONS OF THE REVOLUTION.* 
 
 The Buffalo Association of the Sons of the Revohition was organized February 22, 1893. 
 The parent society is an organization composed of direct male descendants of ancestors who in 
 the army, navy, marine corps, or in official, state, or government service, assisted in establish- 
 ing American Independence during the War of the Revolution. It aims to keep alive by 
 various appropriate methods the patriotic spirit engendered by the founders of the Union. The 
 local association has a strong, representative membership. Its officers for 1902-1903 are : 
 President, Joseph T. Cook, M. D. ; Vice-President and Chairman of the Entertainment Com- 
 mittee, Charles B. Wheeler; Secretary, George W. Comstock. 
 
 CITY FRANCHISE VALUATIONS. 
 
 The total of the valuations fixed by the State Board of Tax Commissioners of special 
 franchises in Buffalo is $13,164,430 for 1902, as compared with an aggregate of $13,063,398 
 for 1901, an increase of S101,320. 
 
 The following is a detailed list of these franchises : 
 
 Corporations. 
 American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 
 Bell Telephone Company, 
 
 Buffalo Creek R. R. Company, 
 
 Buffalo Gas Company, 
 
 Buffalo General Electric Company, 
 
 Buffalo Natural Gas Fuel Company, 
 
 Buffalo Railway Company, 
 
 Buffalo Traction Company, 
 
 Cataract Power & Conduit Company, 
 
 Crosstown Street Railway Company, 
 
 Erie Railroad Company, 
 
 Lake Shore branch, 
 
 Erie County Natural Gas Fuel Company, 
 
 Frontier Telephone Company, 
 
 International Bridge Company, 
 
 Lehigh Valley Railway Company, 
 
 New Englancl Telegraph Company, 
 
 New York Transit Company, 
 
 New York Central Niagara Falls branch, 
 
 Ohio Street branch, 
 
 New York, Lackawanna Sl Western Railroad Co., 
 
 People's Gaslight & Coke Company, 
 
 Standard Oil Company, 
 
 Western Union Telegraph Company, 
 
 Marine Elevator Company 
 
 Eastern Elevator Company, 
 
 Spencer Kellogg Company, 
 
 1901. 
 
 1903. 
 
 f 22, .566 
 
 $18,000 
 
 64.5,000 
 
 650,000 
 
 31,890 
 
 16, .500 
 
 1,924,3.50 
 
 1,920,000 
 
 1,873, .500 
 
 1,880,000 
 
 1,338,3.50 
 
 1,303,000 
 
 3,378,290 
 
 4,032,470 
 
 463,580 
 
 444,110 
 
 519,398 
 
 587.000 
 
 1,824,67.5 
 
 1,419,750 
 
 23,500 
 
 6,300 
 
 19,000 
 
 11,000 
 
 41,000 
 
 65,000 
 
 
 25,000 
 
 27,000 
 
 25,000 
 
 85,000 
 
 55,000 
 
 47,500 
 
 45,000 
 
 15,300 
 
 15,000 
 
 406,000 
 
 363,000 
 
 18,400 
 
 18,400 
 
 120.000 
 
 80,000 
 
 58,600 
 
 49,000 
 
 6,000 
 
 6,000 
 
 124,500 
 
 126,500 
 
 
 1,100 
 
 
 1,800 
 
 
 500 
 
 
 
 Totals fl3,063,398 $13,164,430 
 
 COMMISSIONERS TO THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 The following commissioners to represent the State of New York at the Louisiana Purchase 
 Exposition, to be held in St. Louis in 1904, were appointed by Governor Odell in June, 1902 : 
 Edward H. Harriman, Louis Stern, Louis Nixon of New York, William Berri of Brooklyn, 
 Frank S. McGraw, Mrs. Norman E. Mack of Buffalo, Edward Lyman Bill of New Rochelle, 
 Cyrus E. Jones of Jamestown, John C. Woodbury of Rochester, John K. Stewart of Amster- 
 dam, James M. Callahan of Schenectady, and John Young of Geneseo. 
 
 • The necessary information in relation to this organization was not received in time for it to be placed with 
 similar associations, on page 81. 
 
108 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 GEORGE W. FARNHAM. 
 Chairman. Merchants' Exchange Committee on Conventions. Wholesale Boots and Shoes. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 109 
 
 THE MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE. 
 
 The Buffalo Merchants' Exchange was incorporated April 14, 1882, and took possession of 
 its present commodious quarters in the Board of Trade Building, January 1, 1884. Its object 
 was to broaden the field of usefulness hitherto occupied by the Board of Trade, which was 
 organized in 1844, and which for many years aimed to represent the commercial life of the 
 city, but, owing to the growth and development of commerce and manufacture, it was believed 
 that an organization should be formed that would represent the various commercial, industrial, 
 and professional interests of Buffalo. The Board of Trade, of which R. H. Heywood was the 
 first president, occupied suitable rooms at the corner of Prime and Hanover streets, where it 
 remained until 1862, being then removed to the old Central Wharf. It continued to develop 
 in imjwrtance as an important factor in promoting the interests of the city, and it became a 
 necessity that a permanent home .should be provided ; and with that end in view steps were 
 taken, in 1881, to secure a desirable site for the erection of a suitable building. In 1882 the 
 erection of the present building was begun. It was formally dedicated and turned over to 
 the Merchants' Exchange in January, 1884. 
 
 Naturally, the grain and transportation interests were the chief supporters of the Board 
 of Trade, which furnished invaluable services to the city and State in its efforts for canal 
 improvement, the reduction of tolls on the canals, and the final abolition of the toll system ; 
 the improvement of the harbor by the city and national governments, as well as provid- 
 ing funds necessary to secure a channel of the depth of twelve feet through the Saint Clair 
 Flats ; which channel has since been maintained and improved by the National Government. 
 During the Civil War the Board of Trade was conspicuous for its loyalty and patriotism, fur- 
 nishing material aid and support to the 100th Regiment of Volunteers, which it adopted, and 
 liberally contributing to the Ladies' Sanitary Commission ; its influence at Washington and 
 Albany was m6st salutary in securing useful legislation relating to trade and commerce. 
 
 The officials of the Buffalo Merchants' Exchange, appreciating the future possibilities of the 
 city, wisely continued the efforts of its predecessor for the maintenance and improvement of 
 the Erie Canal, the harbor, and the various channels along the upper lakes to meet the increas- 
 ing demands of commerce as well as to promote the natural advantages of Buffalo, and in advo- 
 cating other public improvements necessary to promote the interests of manufactures and to 
 encourage other industries to locate in our midst. 
 
 The Exchange also has taken an active interest in municipal affairs, it having been largely 
 instrumental in securing most important public improvements ; it maintains a Convention 
 Bureau, which cooperate with local organizations in securing important gatherings to meet in 
 our city ; its Canal Bureau is maintained to promote the interests of the Erie Canal ; the 
 Freight Bureau has been of material assistance in securing and maintaining rates beneficial to 
 Buffalo ; its Committee on New Industries renders valuable aid to industries desiring to locate 
 in the city, in securing capital and available sites, and in rendering other services required. 
 To encourage trading with our wholesale merchants and manufacturers, the Exchange has re- 
 cently inaugurated a plan of trade excursions to Buffalo, by which visiting merchants, upon 
 complying with the rules adopted by it, may secure their transportation to Buffalo ; through 
 various other committees the organization seeks to promote the interests of its members as well 
 as of the city. 
 
 The Exchange has attained a merited prominence amongst the commercial exchanges of the 
 country. By reason of its position in the commercial world, frequent demands are made upon 
 it to endorse and assist many propositions and projects, or legislative measures, apparently for the 
 public good, but which, upon close investigation, are found to be to promote private interests. 
 
no 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 ALFRED H. BURT. 
 
 President, Credit Men's Association. President, -Allegany County Association 
 Head of firm of Burt & Sindele, Candy Manufacturers. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. Ill 
 
 The officers, trustees, and members of the various committees have been citizens of high 
 repute in the community, who have contributed much of their time and ability in promoting 
 the industrial interests of the city. They have carefully conserved the prestige of the E.x- 
 change, and when called upon to express the sentiment of its membershij), have taken action 
 only after careful deliberation. 
 
 The officers of the Exchange for 1902 were: President, J. J. McWilliams ; Vice-President, 
 Leonard Dodge; Treasurer, John H. Lascelles ; Secretary, F. Howard Mason. Chairmen of 
 the principal committees : Arbitration, Arthur D. Bissell ; Finance, Philos D. Cooke ; Rooms 
 and Fixtures, Leonard Dodge ; Floor, John A. Seymour ; Reference, Stoner W. Yantis ; 
 Transportation, Charles Kennedy ; Real Estate and General Information, Richard H. Stafford ; 
 Membership, Henry J. Koch ; New Industries, Ogden P. Letchworth ; Conventions, Ceorge 
 W. Farnham ; Harbor and Canal, John J. H. Brown; Flour and Grain Inspection, James B. 
 Devine ; Grain, Dudley D. Irwin ; Manufactures, Whitney G. Case ; Banking, Robert L. 
 Fryer ; Groceries and Produce, Charles F. Bishop ; Lumber, Luther P. Graves ; Coal, Horace 
 A. Noble ; Live Stock, John Hughes ; Hay, Henry V. Burns ; Municipal Affairs, Robert B. 
 Adam ; Weighmaster, Junius S. Smith ; Chief Inspector of Grain, John D. Shanahan ; Super- 
 intendent of Building, Frederick Truscott ; Secretary of the Bureau of Conventions and Indus- 
 tries, Curt M. Treat ; Secretary of the Freight and Canal Bureau, George H. Raymond. 
 
 CREDIT MEN'S ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The business interests of Buffalo have been materially subserved by the work of the local 
 branch of the Credit Men's Association, organized in 1899, the objects of which are to pro- 
 mote and combine the intelligence and influence of its members for protection against imposi- 
 tion, injustice, and fraud. In the Buffalo membership are included over one hundred of the 
 leading wholesale and jobbing houses. The association has unquestionably done excellent 
 service for its membershp in various ways. The scope of its work is indicated by the commit- 
 tees selected, as follows: Interchange of Trade Information, J. C. Wagner of Granger & Co., 
 Chairman; Credit Department Methods, W. M. Edwards of Pratt & Letchworth Co., Chair- 
 man ; Improvement of Mercantile Agency Service, George W. Farnham, Chairman ; Business 
 Literature, R. M. Harding, Chairman ; Investigation and Constitution, Frank Sibley, Chairman ; 
 Membership, G. F. Dominick of Jacob Dold Packing Co., Chairman; Legislation, M. E. 
 Preisch of Alfred Haines & Co., Chairman ; Entertainment, G. W. Farnham, J. J. Dolphin, 
 R. M. Harding, S. C. Ryan. The officers for 1902 were : President, Alfred H. Burt of Burt 
 & Sindele ; Vice-President, U. L. Caudell of Barcalo & Boll ; Secretary, J. J. Dolphin of the 
 Iroquois Rubber Co. ; Treasurer, Buell G. I'allman of Schoellkopf & Co. The President of 
 the National Association is J. Harry Tregoe, Vice-President of the Commercial and Farmers 
 Bank of Baltimore ; Secretary, William A. Prendergast, New York. 
 
 BUILDERS' EXCHANGE. 
 
 The Buffalo Builders' Exchange is a substantial organization, made up of the leading repre- 
 sentatives among the builders, contractors, and business associates of the city, and is the devel- 
 opment of the idea which led to the creation, in 1867, of the Builders' Association of Buffalo. 
 In 1887, this association became a member of the National Association of Builders, and it was 
 deemed advisable to extend its scope, by admitting to membership representatives of all employ- 
 
112 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 113 
 
 ing branches of the building trade. The Builders' Association Exchange was, consequently, 
 organized in April, 1888, with a corporation stock of $.5,000, in shares of $.50 each, the term 
 of its corporate existence being fixed at fifty years. In October, 1891, the capital stock was 
 increased to 810,000. The membership is divided into two classes : corporate, limited to those 
 engaged in the mechanical trades necessary to the erection of a building; and non-corporate, 
 comprising firms or individuals carrying on in their own names branches of industry auxiliary 
 to the mechanical trades. From May 1, 1888, the exchange was conducted in rooms in the 
 Jewett building on Washington Street, between North and South Division streets, until the com- 
 pletion of the fine and well-equipped building now occupied, on the corner of Court and Pearl 
 streets, September 6, 1892. This building, which has also extensive oflice accommodation for 
 a variety of purposes, cost about 81.30,000, and 845,000 in addition was paid for the lot on 
 which it stands. These are the property of, and are controlled by, the Builders' Exchange 
 Association, the officers of which for 1902-.3 are : President, H. C. Harrower ; Vice-Presi- 
 dent, Henry Schaefer : Secretary, James M. Carter ; Treasurer, Alfred Lyth. 
 
 The officers of the Builders' Association Exchange for 1902-3 are: President, Ballard I. 
 Crooker ; Vice-President, George W. Maltby ; Secretary, James M. Carter ; Treasurer, C. B. 
 Jameson. Trustees: for one year, James S. Stygall, Christian Flierl, Frank C. Kempf; for 
 two years, F. H. Grove, F. T. Coppins, Alfred Lyth ; for three years, John W. Heinrich, 
 Peter Ginther. The annual meeting occurs January 15, 1903. 
 
 OTHER EXCHANGES. 
 
 Information relative to the Lumber and Produce exchanges will be found in the department 
 of Twentieth Century Buffalo relating to those branches of the city's commerce. 
 
 REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PROFESSIONS. 
 
 In the following pages of Twentieth Century Buffalo are presented portraits of Buffalo 
 men who are recognized as among the leaders in their chosen professions. The claim is not 
 made that these men are superior in standing to their professional confreres, but simply that 
 they are among the many worthy and able representatives of their class. 
 
 BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 .\mong the cities of the Union which have contributed a liberal quota to the galaxy of 
 higher lights of the legal profession in the United States, Buffalo holds a not inconsequential 
 position. Two of her prominent lawyers have occupied the White House — Millard Fillmore 
 and Grover Cleveland — and a long list could be named of those who have attained to very 
 distinguished positions in national affairs and in the administration and elucidation of the 
 law and also served the people in various important capacities. Hon. William S. Bissell 
 has adecjuately filled the office of Postmaster-General ; and, while he has not been accorded 
 definite honor, there are few men in his profession better known or more highly esteemed 
 than John G. Milburn. The portraits herein published are those of men honored alike 
 by the bench, the bar, and community, and worthy representatives of professional knowl- 
 edge and ability, and of the highest type of citizenship. An honor roll which carries the names 
 of Loren L. Lewis, George Wadsworth, Robert C. Titus, Charles A. Pooley, Ansley Wilcox, 
 John Cunneen, Truman C. White, George A. Davis, Arthur W. Hickman, Henry W. Brendel, 
 Fred Greiner, Louis W. Marcus, Samuel M. Welch, Jr., William H. Ticknor, Edward K. 
 
114 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Photo by Beach. 
 
 JOHN G. MILBURN. 
 Attorney and Counselor at Law. Law firm of Rogers, Locke & Milburn. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 115 
 
 Emery, Henry W. Hill, R. L. Cox, Edward E. Coatsworth, Herbert P. Bissell, George K. 
 Staples, C. W. Hinson, John J. Hynes, A. J. Sigman, and John Van Arsdale assuredly merits 
 general approval ; and the claim to honorable recognition, among the younger members of the 
 profession, cannot be denied to W. B. Wright, Jr., and F. S. Sidway. 
 
 Among the reputable patent attorneys of Twentieth Century Buffalo, James Sangster, 
 the head of the firm of James Sangster & Co., is in the front rank, by virtue of his experience 
 and thorough knowledge of the details of the very difficult business of securing .said patents and 
 handling the affairs of patentees. 
 
 ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTS. 
 
 Buffalo is the headquarters of the Engineers' Society of Western New York, acting with 
 the .-Vmerican Society of Civil Engineers, with the following officers for 1902-1903 : President, 
 Samuel J. Field ; Vice-President, George H. Norton ; Secretary, I.. W. Dichmy ; Treasurer, 
 George B. Bassett ; Librarian, W. A. Hoven ; Director for three years, F. M. Kielland. 
 
 The experience and ability of George A. Ricker as a civil engineer is well known, by 
 many notable engineering works in and about Buffalo. He is an able leader in his profession. 
 His office is at 702 Ellicott Square. 
 
 As an engineer for handling high-grade steam plants and factory equipment on a large scale, 
 Richard Radley is an e.xpert of thorough qualification and long e.xperience. He is special 
 agent for a number of important engineering works. He has offices at 932 Ellicott Square. 
 
 .\lfred E. Baxter, whose office is at 945 Ellicott Square, is recognized as an experienced 
 and skillful milling, mechanical, and hydraulic engineer. 
 
 Combining a complete knowledge of all branches of construction, the services of Robert J. 
 Reidpath are in continual demand as an architectural and structural engineer. He is widely 
 recognized as a most competent authority on buildings of all kinds on a large scale. He has 
 offices in the Mutual Life Building. 
 
 The officers of the Buffalo Chapter, American Institute of Architects, for 1902-1903, are : 
 President, E. B. Green ; First Vice-President, H. O. Holland ; Second Vice-President, R. .A. 
 Wallace : Secretary, S. A. Whalen ; Treasurer, M. G. Beierl. 
 
 .\mong the architects of Buffalo, George J. Metzger has long been in the front rank. His 
 skill and good judgment is attested by the many public buildings and private residences erected 
 after his designs and under his direction. He is the architect of the new armory for the 65th 
 Regiment, N. G. N. Y. (See page 61. ) 
 
 The firm of Esenwein & Johnson has a national reputation. Scores of fine buildings in Buf- 
 falo have been erected from their designs, among them the new Lafayette High School. (See 
 page 2.S.) 
 
 OTHER PROFESSIONS. 
 
 |ohn .\. Miller, M. Sc, Ph. D., F. C. S., has a very extended experience and a most favor- 
 able reputation as an analytical and consulting chemist. He is the official chemist of the State 
 of New York, and his laboratory in rooms 44 and 45 Lewis Block, on East Swan Street, are 
 fitted up with the most accurate and delicate appliances known to modern science. 
 
 Dr. John T. Pitkin has devoted many years of study and practice to the application of elec- 
 tricity as an auxiliary to the orthodox medical treatments. He has a very complete outfit of 
 X Ray apparatus, and a complete equipment of medico-electrical machines and instruments. 
 His office and operating rooms are at 887 Ellicott Square. 
 
 Dr. J. T. Kinsler, whose offices are at 855-857 Ellicott Square, and who is Supreme Medi- 
 cal Examiner of the C. M. B. A. (see page 97), limits his practice to the especial treatment 
 of diseases of the nose and throat. 
 
 Information relating to the new school of osteopathy and its Buffalo representatives will be 
 found on pages 132 to 135. 
 
116 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 CHARLES A. POOLEY. 
 Attorney and Counselor at Law. Admitted to the bar of Erie^County, April, 1879, 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 117 
 
 GEORGE WADSWORTH. 
 
 Attorney and Counselor at Law. Admitted to the bar in Connecticut, 1851 ; in Buffalo, 1S53. 
 
 City .attorney, 1860-1861. 
 
118 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 WILLARD H. TICKNOR. 
 
 Attorney and Counselor at Law. .Assistant District .\ttorney, 1901-ltH>2. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 119 
 
 HERBERT P. BISSELL. 
 Attorney and Counselor at Law. Admitted to the bar of Erie County, April 188.3. 
 
120 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 JOHN A. VAN ARSDALE, LL. B. 
 
 Attorney and Counselor at Law. Graduated from the law department, University of Michi^^an, June 36, 
 
 ^ 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 121 
 
 WILLIAM BURNETT WRIGHT, Jr. 
 Attorney and Counselor at Law. Admitted to the bar of Erie County, 1896. 
 
122 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 FRANK S. SIDWAY. 
 Attorney and Counselor at Law, Admitted to the bar of Erie County, Oct. IT, 1694. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 123 
 
 JAMES SANGSTER. 
 
 Firm of James Sangster & Co. Patent Attorneys and Agents. 
 
124 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 GEORGE J. METZGER. 
 Architect. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY liUFFALO. 
 
 125 
 
 ROBERT J. REIDPATH. 
 Architectural and Consulting Engineer. 
 
126 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 ALFRED E. BAXTER. 
 Milling, Mechanical, and Hydraulic Engineer. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 127 
 
 RICHARD RADLEY. 
 Civil Engineer. Steam Plant and Factory Equipment. 
 
128 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 GEORGE A. RICKER, M. Am. Soc. C. E. 
 Chief Engineer, Niagara Gorge Railroad. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 129 
 
 
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130 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 131 
 
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132 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 \V, A. CRAWFORD, D. O. 
 President, Buftalo Institute of Osteopathy. (See "New Sciiool ot Osteopatliy,'' page ).33,) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 133 
 
 THE NEW SCHOOL OF OSTEOPATHY. 
 
 The statutes of many States recognize Osteopathy as a "system, method, or science of healing." It was first 
 reasoned out and put into practice in 187-1 by Dr. A. T. Still of Baldwin, Kansas, upon the theory that disease 
 is the eifect of local or general disturbance of blood — that to excite the nerves, causes muscles to contract and 
 compress venous flow of blood to the heart ; and the bones are available as levers to relieve pressure on nerves, 
 veins, and arteries. The idea, being founded on evident common sense, as well as being a reasonable scientific 
 proposition, met with favorable consideration at the outset, and the sentiment in its favor has grown so steadily 
 and so convincing, that those administering the osteopathic treatment are unquestionably entitled to rank with the 
 professi<-)nal healers who have so long been prominent in the ranks of the two great and much practiced " pathies." 
 The name "osteopathy" is derived from the Greek words "osteon," a bone, and "pathos," suffering. Tech- 
 nically, it is a science, consisting of such exact, exhaustive, and verifiable knowledge of the structure and functions 
 of the human mechanism, physiological and psychological, including the chemistry and physics of its ow-n elements, 
 as has made discoverable certain organic laws and remedial resources, w-ithin the body itself, by which Nature, 
 under the scientific treatment peculiar to osteopathic practice, apart from all ordinary methods of extraneous, 
 artificial, or medicinal stimulation, and in harmonious accord with its own mechanical principles, molecular activi- 
 ties, and metabolic processes, may recover from displacements, disorganizations, derangements, and consequent 
 disease and regain its normal equilibrium of form and function in health and strength. The practice of healing 
 by the osteopathic method is allied neither with the systems which attempt to cure by the use of drugs nor with 
 those which claim to reach favorable results by massage treatment. Osteopathy recognizes a cause, and directs 
 the treatment towards the cause. Bathing is good in a general way, but baths treat the whole surface to reach the 
 affected point. Electricity stimulates nerve action, but it does not feed a nerve center. Osteopathy sends the 
 blood to the nerve centers, so that they may be nourished, and frees the nerves from pressure, so that they may act 
 unhindered. Osteopathy does not mean the treatment of the bones, as is sometimes supposed by the uninitiated, 
 but the word applies not only to the derangement of bony parts, but as well to disturbed relations of ligaments, 
 tendons, blood vessels, muscles, nerves, and, in fact, of any part of the physical system. 
 
 In an address recently delivered before the London Society of Science, J. Martin Littlejohn said : 
 
 "Osteopathy is now a subject of historical interest because in several of the sovereign States of the American 
 commonwealth it has been legalized as a new and independent system of healing. * * * In this day and age, 
 as never before, there is a demand for scientific Osteopathy. * * * The question to be discussed at this point, 
 before a body of learned men, is not a question of expediency or of the practical needs of a practical system. The 
 point of view from which we have to look at our system is from the standpoint of truth. We believe that when the 
 system or science is tested by truth it will stand the test and come out triumphant. 
 
 "Much confusion exists in the minds even of learned men in regard to what Osteopathy is. Some consider it a 
 crude form of manipulation or massage. Osteopathy is not manipulation and the science of Osteopathy is not the 
 science of manipulation, first, because in the science of Osteopathy there is an independent diagnosis. No man 
 makes an independent diagnosis by manipulation. We may have to manipulate in order to get at our diagnosis, 
 but the diagnostic part of our science is not manipulation. Secondly, it is scientific manipulation that is employed 
 in Osteopathic therapeutics, not secret, covert or mysterious, magnetic or mesmeric manipulations. Scientific 
 manipulations are at the basis of Osteopathic therapeutics. " * * * 
 
 In ordinary phraseology, Osteopathy may be said to be fixing what is out of fix with a full and comprehensive 
 knowledge of the human body. Although given to the world as recently as 1885, there are already in successful 
 operation ten recognized Osteopathic colleges and many institutes, where the new science is taught and practiced, 
 for the treatment of a great variety of bodily disorders and local diseases. There are several large and well 
 organized State associations and societies, and over 3,000 legitimate Osteopaths are established in various parts 
 of the country, and Buffalo has already become a very influential center of Osteopathic study and practice. The 
 Buffalo Institute of Osteopathy, located at 748, 750, 752 EUicott Square, is one of the most important of the local 
 establishments of the science, and is presided over by Dr. W. A. Crawford, who has been an ardent student of 
 healing methods for many years, and who has a high personal business and professional reputation. Among other 
 recognized Osteopaths in Buffalo are W. W. Steele, president of the New^ V^ork Osteopathic Society, who has 
 offices at 358 Ellicott Square ; Charles \V. Proctor, with offices at 835 EUicott Square ; and Edward G. Herbst, 
 with offices at 682 Ellicott Square ; each of whom is a reputable practitioner of the new school of healing. 
 
134 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 W. \V. STEELE. D. O. 
 (See " New School of Osteopathy," page 123.) 
 
TWEXTIKTH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 135 
 
 EDWARD G. HERBST, D. O. 
 (See "New School of Osteopathy," page 133.) 
 
186 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 C. W. PROCTOR. D. O. 
 (See " New School o( Osteopathy." page 133.> 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 137 
 
 WILLIAM F. GELSTON. 
 General Manager, Provident Loan Company. (See page 139.) 
 
138 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 H. W. BUSH. 
 
 Superintendent of Butialo Enrollment Offices of the International Correspondence Schools. 
 
 (See page 13!i. ) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. l.-^f) 
 
 PROVIDENT LOAN COMPANY. 
 
 The Provident Loan Company, in the broadest and best sense, is one of the most practical of ButTalo's benevo- 
 lent nistitutions. It was organized as a beneficent substitute for the unscrupulous and avaricious money-lending 
 business which has made so many needy people poorer by chattel mortgage loans on furniture and personal prop- 
 erty at most exorbitant rates of interest and by various iniquitous methods. The operations of the Provident 
 Company have entirely supplanted these methods and established an equitable and honest system of loans, princi- 
 pally on household furniture in actual use, at reasonable fixed rates ; these operations being carried on uiider the 
 provisions of the Act of Legislature passed in 189.5, fixing the rate of interest, charge for examination and filing, 
 and limiting the amount of loans made on chattel mortgage, and amended in 1901, when the legal rate of interest 
 was reduced from three per cent, for the first two months and two percent, per month thereafter, to a uniform rate 
 of two per cent, per month from the date of the loan. The rate for examination and filing is fixed by the same law 
 at fl for sums of .f 50 or less, and .f 2 for sums over .f 50. Loans not to exceed f 200 are made for a month and renewed 
 from month to month if desired, on payment by the borrower of at least five per cent, of the principal and interest 
 for a month in advance. The methods of the Provident Company, which was incorporated August 25, 1895, have 
 proven just and satisfactory. That a number of the most prominent of Buffalo's citizens were willing, from philan- 
 thropic motives, to become associated with this excellent institution is a sulificient evidence of its high character. 
 The officers for 1902-1903 are : President, J. J. McWilliams ; Vice-President, Robert B. Adam ; Treasurer, S. M. 
 Clement ; Secretary, Ansley Wilcox. These gentlemen, with W. C. Cornwell, William H. Gratwick, Adam 
 Cornelius, Seward A. Simons, Joseph P. Mayer, P. H. Griffin, and George H. Lewis, constitute the Board of 
 Dnectors. The general management of the business of the company is in the experienced and competent hands of 
 William F. Gelston, with offices at No. 223 Ellicott Square. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS. 
 
 The wonderful success which is attending the work of the International Correspondence Schools can only be 
 attributed to the inherent merit of their method of teaching industrial science. These schools have been in 
 existence eleven years, and the fact that their students have now the choice of over one hundred and thirty courses 
 of study is a sufficient evidence of their educational value. These schools provide a simple and convenient system, 
 whereby the uneducated, or partially educated, can acquire a good working knowledge of many important branches 
 of technical instruction, thereby fitting them for advancement in business or professional life. In many ways the 
 method of the Correspondence Schools is more effectual than that of ordinary schools and colleges, and the student 
 IS enabled to attain the very best results from individual effort, especially as the text-books provided are so care- 
 fully edited and arranged as to be of immediate available utility for the use of students who are already engaged in 
 earning a living by some occupation from which they wish to advance, or from which they desire to progress, to 
 something more congenial and profitable. The schools are managed by the International Text Book Company, 
 mcorporated under the laws of the State of Pennsylvania, and capitalized at .f3,000,000, with headquarters at 
 Scranton, where they were founded by the originator, Thomas J. Foster, who is President of the company. 
 
 In 1891, Mr. Foster was editing The Colliery Engineer and Metal Miner (now Mines and 
 Minerals). This periodical, which is the leading mining and metallurgical journal of this country, is occupied 
 exclusively with discussions of mining methods and mine machinery. Realizing the desire of the coal miners for 
 special instruction to help them pass the mine-law examinations, Mr. Foster prepared and advertised Correspond- 
 ence Courses of Instruction in Coal Mining. No expense was spared to make the system thorough, clear, and con- 
 cise, and it w^as instantly successful. From this modest beginning the International Correspondence Schools has 
 rapidly grown until it is now the largest of the world's Training Schools. 
 
 The faculty of the Schools comprises a long list of principals of high standing in the educational branches they 
 represent. District offices for the enrollment of students have been established in all the business centers of the 
 country. That in Buffalo, located at 206 to 211 Ellicott Square, was opened two years ago by H. W. Bush, who 
 IS still in charge, having superintendence of a large district, comprising a considerable portion of western New York, 
 northwestern Pennsylvania, and eastern Ohio. The enrollment at the Buffalo oft^ce has been very large, surpassing 
 expectation, and showing a continual increase. 
 
140 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 EDWARD H. BUTLER. 
 
 President ol .Associated Newspapers of Buffalo. Editor and Propritt^r Buffalo Eiening News and 
 
 Buffalo Sunday Xcws. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 141 
 
 NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 The following information relating to the newspapers published daily in Twentieth Century 
 Buffalo is derived from official sources : 
 
 MORNING PAPERS.* 
 
 Buffalo Morning Express. Established, 18iG. Proprietors, The J. N. Matthews Company ; President 
 G. E. Matthews ; Editor, James \V. Greene ; City Editor, Frank M. O'Brien ; Business Manager, C. F. Alward - 
 Publisher, William M. Ramsdell. Circulation, daily, 30,000. 
 
 BuFF.\LO Courier. Established, 1842, as the Mercantile Courier. Proprietor, William J. Connors ; Managing 
 Editor, Charles B. Smith ; City Editor, L. D. FoUett ; Busmess Manager, W. S. Bennett. Circulation, daily, 
 50,000. 
 
 Buffalo Review. Established, 1883, as the Mercantile RrAew. Proprietors, The Buffalo Review Co. Presi- 
 dent, Charles F. Kingsley ; Vice-President, Charles H. Webster ; City Editor, James D. Wells ; Business Manager, 
 W. H. Brown. Circulation, daily, 16,000. 
 
 EVENING PAPERS.* 
 
 The Buffalo Commercial. Established, 1835, as the Daily Commercial Advertiser. Proprietors, Jas. D. 
 Warren's Sons ; Editor, William E. Foster ; City Editor, A. E. Richmond ; Business Manager, W. H. Ellis. 
 Circulation, daily, 13,000. 
 
 Buffalo Evening News. Established, 1880. Proprietor and Editor, Edward H. Butler ; Managing Edi- 
 tor, William Mcintosh ; Business Manager, J. Ambrose Butler ; General Superintendent, W. P. Goodspeed. 
 Circulation, daily, 75,000 
 
 The Buffalo Evening Times. Established, 1883. Proprietor and Editor, Norman E. Mack ; Managing 
 Editor, Walter F. Nurzey ; City Editor, J. C. V. Bowen ; Business Manager, Thomas M. Clark. Circulation, 
 daily, 30,000. 
 
 Buffalo Enquirer. Established, 1891. Proprietor, William J. Connors; Managing Editor, Samuel W. 
 BoUes ; City Editor, W. A. Niver ; Business Manager, W. S. Bennett. Circulation, daily, 30,000. 
 
 Demokrat (German). Established, 1837. Proprietor and Editor, F. C. B. Held. Circulation, daily, 2,000. 
 
 Freie Presse (German). Established, 1855. Proprietors, Reinecke & Zesch ; Editor, Ottomar Reinecke. 
 Circulation, daily, 2,000. 
 
 POLAK W 'Amervca (Polish). Established, 1887. Proprietor and Editor, Stanislaus Steiz. 
 
 SUNDAY PAPERS. 
 
 The Illustrated Buffalo Express. Established, 1883 (see Buffalo Morning Express). Editor illustrated 
 department, Brayton L. Nichols. Circulation, 55,000. 
 
 Buffalo Sunday News. Established, 1873 (see Buffalo Evening News). Editor illustrated department, 
 George .A. Applegarth. Circulation, 25,000. 
 
 Buffalo Courier. Established, 1885 (see Buffalo Courier, daily). Editor illustrated department, F. W. 
 Clarke. Circulation, 40,000. 
 
 The Buffalo Sunday Times. Established, 1879 (see The Buffalo Evening Times). Editor illustrated 
 department, Samuel Hippler. Circulation, 30,000. 
 
 * One cent per copy except the Buftalo Commercial, which is two cents, 
 t .-Ml five cents per copy. 
 
142 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Reproduced from tlie Sunday News. 
 
 COL. DE .ALV.\ S. .ALEX.AN'DER. 
 
 Representative. Fifty-sixth and Fifty-seventh Congress. Reelected to Fifty-eighth Congress. 
 
 ^See pajje 143.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 143 
 
 ASSOCIATED NEWSPAPERS OF BUFFALO. 
 
 The organization of Buffalo publishers, known as the Associated Newspapers of Buffalo, was effected in 1901. 
 The members are : Edward H. Butler, President ; George E. Matthews, Vice-President ; Charles F. Kingsley, 
 Secretary ; William J. Connors, Treasurer ; Norman E. Mack, William C. Warren, Ottomar Reinecke, F. C. B. 
 Held. 
 
 AMERICAN PRESS ASSOCIATION. 
 
 One of the most important especial businesses of Twentieth Century Buffalo is that controlled by the local office 
 of the American Press Association, at 45 North Division Street. This office has been opened for over twenty 
 )ears, during the last fifteen years of which William G. Brogan has been the manager. It supplies about 800 
 newspapers, of which forty are published daily, in a territory comprising the western half of New York State, north- 
 western Pennsylvania, the lake counties of Ohio, and the whole of Canada, with a comprehensive service of well- 
 selected type matter, set up and supplied either in stereotyped form or in matrices, as required. This includes a 
 complete daily news service in plate form and a great variety of attractively illustrated articles of an interesting and 
 timely character. Much of the type matter used is set up here and a vast amount of stereotyping and matrix cast- 
 ing is also done at the Buffalo establishment, this being the distributing point for the entire territory named. 
 
 THE ASSOCIATED PRESS. 
 
 The telegraph news service furnished by the Associated Press is an all-important feature of modern journal- 
 ism. The operation of the Buffalo office of the association, room 666, EUicott Square, is a satisfactory illustration 
 of the great scope, completeness and general efficiency of the service, not only for the local newspapers but also to a 
 large territory, comprising Erie, Niagara, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, and portions of Monroe, Wyoming, Livingstone, 
 and Steuben counties, and to the whole of Canada. The Buffalo office is not only a distributing office for outside 
 news, but also a receiving and distributing office for news of its adjacent territory. Henry A. Wells, formerly of 
 Philadelphia, has been the correspondent in charge here since May 1, 1897. 
 
 REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PEOPLE. 
 
 At the election held in this State, County, and City the following citizens of Buffalo were 
 elected to represent the interests of their fellow citizens and the community in various official 
 ■capacities : 
 
 REPRESENTATIVES, FIFTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS, UNITED STATES. 
 
 (Term of two years, beginning March 4, 1903.) 
 
 ♦William H. Ryan, Democrat, to succeed himself, as Representative of the Thirty-fifth District of New York 
 State, by a plurality of 5,196 over J. M. Farquhar, Republican. 
 
 * De Alva S. Alexander, Republican, to succeed himself, as Representative of the Thirty-sixth District of New 
 York State, by a plurality of 5,509 over O. L. Snyder, Democrat. 
 
 STATE TREASURER. 
 
 (Term of two years, beginning January 1, 1903.) 
 
 John G. Wickser (of Buffalo), Republican. Plurality in Erie County of 1,564, and of 11,541 in the State, over 
 Geo. R. Finch, Democrat. 
 
 STATE ATTORNEY GENERAL. 
 
 (Term of two years, beginning January 1, 1903.) 
 
 John Cunneen (of Buffalo), Democrat. Plurality in Erie County of 1,298, of 2,419 in the City of Buffalo, and 
 of 9,465 in the State, over Henry B. Coman. Republican. 
 
 ♦Reelected. (Continued on page 149.) 
 
144 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 JOHN CUNNEEN. 
 Attorney General. State of New York. (See page 143.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 145 
 
 HON. HENRY W. HILL. 
 Senator, Forty-seventh District N. Y. State. 1901-1903, 1903-1904. (See page 149.1 
 
14(i 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURV BUFFALO. 
 
 HON. ROBERT LYNN CO.\. 
 
 Memlier ot ."Assembly. Second District of Erie County. V.m. (See page 149.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURV BUFFALO. 
 
 147 
 
 HON. CHARLES W. HINSON. 
 Member of Assembly, Fifth District of Erie County, IflOS. (See page 149.) 
 
148 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Photo by Hal). 
 
 EDWARD E. COAT.SWORTH. 
 District Attorney, Erie County, 1903, 1904, 19ft5. (See page 149) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 149 
 
 REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PEOPLE. 
 
 {CONTINUED FROM PAGE 14J.) 
 
 STATE SENATE. 
 
 (Term of two years, beginning January 1, 1903.) 
 
 •• Henry W. Hill, Republican, to succeed himself, as Representative of the Forty-seventh District, by a 
 plurality of 1,115 over \V. F. Mackey, Democrat. (See page 145.) 
 
 * Samuel Ramsperger, Democrat, to succeed himself, as Representative of the Forty-eighth District, by a plural- 
 ity of 2,553 over William .Schneider, Republican. 
 
 * George A. Davis, Republican, to succeed himself, as Representative of the Forty-ninth District, by a plurality 
 of 2,314 over E. H. Schwartz, Democrat. (See page 46.) 
 
 ASSEMBLY. 
 
 (Term of one year, beginning January 1, 1903.) 
 
 * John Bradley, Democrat, First District. Plurality of 2,650 over John J. Sullivan, Republican. 
 
 Robert Lynn Cox, Republican, Second District. Plurality of 3,701 over Geo. F. Schultz, Democrat. (See 
 page 146. ) 
 
 * Anthony F. Burke, Democrat, Third District. Plurality of 1,978 over Chas. J. Stroke, Republican. 
 Charles Lynch, Democrat, Fourth District. Plurality of 126 over William Metzger, Republican. 
 
 t Charles W. Hinson, Democrat, Fifth District. Plurality of 8 over C. F. Brooks, Republican. (See page 147.) 
 
 * George Reuhl, Republican, Sixth District. Plurality of 319 over B. Folsoni, Democrat. 
 
 * John K. Patton, Republican, Seventh District. Plurality of 389 over W. H. Conboy, Democrat. 
 
 * Elijah Cook, Republican, Eighth District. Plurality of 1,005 over M. T. Curry, Democrat. 
 
 SHERIFF. 
 
 (Term of three years, beginning January 1, 1903.) 
 
 Harry M. Kaiser (of Buffalo), Democrat. Plurality in Erie County of 334 and of 1,781 in the City of Buffalo, 
 over John T. Claris, Repubhcan. 
 
 DISTRICT ATTORNEY. 
 
 (Term of three years, beginning January 1, 1903.) 
 
 Edward E. Coatsworth (of Buffalo), Democrat. Plurality in Erie County of 3,595 and of 4,514 in the City of 
 Buffalo, over Edward O'Malley, Republican. (See page 148.) 
 
 * Reelected. 
 
 *• HON. HENRY \V. HILL. 
 
 Hon. Henrv W. Hill first served in the State Senate of 1901-1902, after having been for five consecutive years Member 
 of Assemblv. " During the seven years he has represented the City of Bultalo at .Albany he has been remarkably successful in 
 promctini; ineasures of especial interest to the community. .Among the aiipropriations secured from the State, largely as the 
 result of his efforts, were : Deepening the channel in Erie Basin, SWMHSJ; Historical Society building, SltKi.OtKI; McKinley 
 monument, S1IH],I1U0; 7-lth Regiment armory, SKKMKJI) : ll.ith Regiment armory, S.WU.IK.III, and many others of great importance. 
 He has rendered very effective legislative services for Erie Canal improvements and other matters affecting the commerce 
 of Bultalo: for the free library, reducing expenses of collecting back taxes, etc. 
 
 tHON. CH.ARLES W. HINSON 
 Hon. Charles \V. Hinson served a term in the Assembly in IgfiT ; and was Judge of the Municipal Court, 1892 to 1899. 
 
loO 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Photo by Hall. 
 
 HON. EDW.'^RD K. EMERV. 
 Erie County Court Judge, ISM to I'.«ll inclusive. Reelected. Term expires December :5I, IflOT. (See page 51.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTUKV BUKFALO. lol 
 
 ERIE CANAL. 
 
 The traffic season of the Erie Canal in 190'2 began April 24th, a week earlier than in 1901, 
 and closed December 4th, four days later. During that time merchandise was brought to Huffalo 
 on the canal, from the seaboard and towns adjacent to the waterway, to the value of S25,946,- 
 995, and the value of grain and other commodities transported eastward amounted in value to 
 S14,902,504, a very good showing as compared with 1901. ( See page 47. ) 
 
 The shipments from Buffalo by the Canal reached 509,568 tons, and total receipts aggregated 318,783 tons. 
 The shipments were distributed as follows ; 
 
 Lumber, feet, 14,290,641; staves and heading, pounds, 399,000; wheat, bushels, 9,640,250; rve, 660.817; 
 corn, 1.081,905; l»rley, 2,104,165; barley malt, 310,133; oats, 2,695,122; flaxseed, 39,239,904; pig iron, 
 pounds, 19,617.000 ; domestic salt, pounds, 3,280,000 ; iron and steel, pounds, 324,000 ; other merchandise, 
 pounds, 24.228,000; stone, lime, and clav, pounds, 1,990,000; bituminous coal, pounds, 5,664,000; sundries, 
 pounds, 2,964,000. 
 
 The receipts were : Lumber, feet, 2,461,474 ; wood pulp, pounds, 1,905,880; ashes, pounds, 2,986; lard, 
 tallow, and lard oil, pounds, 6,566,834 ; hides, pounds, 12,225 ; barley, bushels, 34,600; oats, bushels, 2,500; 
 potatoes, bushels, 200; hemp, pounds, 512,650; clover and grass seed, pounds, 464,960; flaxseed, pounds, 
 2,240,640 ; oil meal, pounds, 26,500 ; pig iron, pounds, 292,000 ; foreign salt, pounds, 896,000 ; sugar, pounds, 
 89,554,999; molasses, pounds, 1,522,970; coffee, pounds, 4,976,376; iron and steel, pounds, 2,797,550; mer- 
 chandise, pounds, 111,094,163 ; stone, lime, and clay, pounds, 302,514,827 ; phosphate, pounds, 15,404,166 ; iron 
 ore, pounds. 6,310,281 ; sundries, pounds, 7.5,008,029; domestic spirits, gallons, 26,500. The total number of 
 clearances for the season were 3,275, as compared with 3,406 in 1901. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS. 
 
 The following intbrtnation was derived from the annual report of the Commissioner of Pub- 
 lic Works for the fiscal year ending June .30, 1902, omitted from the division of Twentieth 
 Century Bitfalo devoted to the City Government. (See page 19. ) 
 
 STREETS. 
 
 luly 1, 1902, there were within the city limits 338;^ miles of paved streets, of which there were : asphalt on 
 concrete, 210 'i miles ; asphalt on stone, 15 miles ; stone on sand, 93j^ miles ; stone on concrete or old stone, 
 63^' miles ; brick, 9 miles ; m.acadam, 3;^ miles. 
 
 The first smooth paving laid in Buffalo by the Barber Asphalt Co. was on Bryant Street and Linwood Avenue, 
 in 1882, a total of 25,596 square yards. Since that time, this company has laid in Buffalo, to January 1, 1901, 
 3,187,676 square yards of its Trinidad asphalt paving, or about 212 miles of roadway 26 feet wide, more than 
 double the amount laid in any other city in the United States. 
 
 For the fiscal year 1901-1902. the amount expended for repairing asphalt pavements was ^50,971.50 ; and for 
 repairing stone pavement, $11,350.12. 
 
 The cost for the repairs of asphalt paving from 1885 to June 30. 1902, amounted to f!603, 620.30. 
 
 The cost of street cleaning for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902, was $150,811.00. 
 
 The cost of lighting the streets and public buildings for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902, was .$333,2.50.70. 
 There were 2,583 electric lights and 5,820 gas lamps. 
 
 W.\TER. 
 
 The city acquired the nucleus of the present plant, the value of which is estimated at $9,000,000, which 
 includes the largest pumping station in the world under one roof, with the capacity of nine pumps of 187,000,000 
 gallons per day, 6,880 horse-power, from the Buffalo Water Works Company, in 1868, at a cost of $705,000. In 
 1868 the population of Buffalo was 100,000, with an average daily water consumption of 4,000,000 gallons, or 40 
 gallons per capita ; in 1901, with a population of 400,000, the average daily consumption was 114,442,205 gallons, 
 or 28.5 gallons per capita. 
 
 There are 495 miles of water main in use, with 66,560 taps and 4,677 fire hydrants. From July 1, 1900, to 
 July 1, 1901, the water pumped amounted to 41,416,924,200 gallons: and from July 1, 1901, to July 1, 1902, 
 44,338,119,370 gallons. The largest amount pumped in a single day was on June 6, 1902, 157,966,940 gallons. 
 The average daily pumpage, 114,442,205 gallons, or 285 gallons per capita, is largely in excess of the water sup- 
 plied in any other city in the world. 
 
 Plans have been prepared and approved for an additional station with a minimum capacity of 200,000 gallons. 
 
 The disbursements for the water supply, 1900-1901, were : for maintenance and repairs, including interest. 
 
152 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 WILLIAM S. RISELAY. 
 Secretary and Treasurer. Buffalo Gas Light Co. (See page 15.3.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 153 
 
 f/o'In'' "["If} .,'I^'h r^'^-' ■*-132,843,43 ; extensions and improvements. $41,917.49 ; as compared with $070,. 
 543^0 and .*5b,385.0b for 1901-1902. The receipts for the year 1901-1902 were estimated to amount to i700 000 
 
 1 he city s bonded mdebtedness for its water department, June 30, 1902, was approximately $3,700,000. 
 
 The sale of the Jubilee Water Works, on Delaware Avenue, was postponed until the spring of 1903. 
 
 BUILDINGS. 
 
 The total expenditure for new buildings and the repair and maintenance of old buildings, owned by the city 
 for the year 1901 was $490,638.95, and for the first six months of 1902, $105,691.61, making a total for the 
 eighteen months ending June 30, 1902, of $596,330.56. Up to that date about half the amount of the contracts 
 ^"io I'^t" "J"^ *''''°"' buildings had been paid. These contracts were : No. 24, Fillmore Avenue and Best Street 
 $8J,18(.08 ; No. 52, Bird Avenue and Berry Street, $83,934.94 ; and Lafayette High School, Lafayette Avenue 
 and Baynes Street, $352,944.00. A new school building, Xo. 21, on Hertel Avenue, near Delaware Avenue to 
 cost about $52,000, will be erected in 1903. 
 
 For the erection, alterations, and maintenance of school buildings the city has expended : in 1898 $289 - 
 
 ?nno"l\l**^,^; *3-*^-2^' ^^^^' *-t69,714.00; 1901, first si.x months, $81,607.67 ; July 1, 1901, to June 30, 
 190.5, $448, 1()0. 10. 
 
 For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902, 1,409 building permits were issued. The estimated value of build- 
 
 ^^^^^""-'""^ °'' '""S"" "^"""S that period was $4,886,789.00, as compared with $6,636,494.88 in 1896 • $4 798 - 
 
 80O.92 m 1897 ; $4,908,334.35 in 1898 ; $3,932,870.45 in 1899 ; $5,102,657.44 in 1900 (year of Pan-American 
 
 Exposition construction) ; and $1,954,006.12 for the first six months of 1902. 
 
 SEWERS. 
 
 ^■,o^ta^''.7VT °"^'"''"^ '^"'■'"S the year 1901-1902, the work to be done by June 30, 1903, to the amount of 
 »/A»98.7U, the most important being extension from Albany Street, through Hampshire and Ferry streets 
 to Elmwood Avenue, to cost $55,900.00. » i- j , 
 
 DREDGING. 
 
 ~t,oJ!la ^iP"""' expended for dredging in the Buffalo River, City Ship Canal, and the Peck Slip, 1901-1902, was 
 
 THE CITY'S GAS SUPPLY. 
 
 Adequate information concerning the coal and electricity provided for domestic use in the 
 city will be found in Part Two of Twentieth Century Buffalo. Here are some facts relat- 
 ing to the city's gas supply : 
 
 MANUFACTURED COAL GAS. 
 
 An adequate and reliable supply of manufactured coal gas is and will long continue to be a necessity of modern 
 communities. It has been the chief illuminant of Buffalo, both for public and private purposes, for more than 
 half a century, it having been first manufactured and distributed here in 1848. The Buffalo Gas Company now 
 controls the entire coal gas industry of the city. It has a plant, amply equipped, valued at about $15,000,000. 
 Its works at Genesee and Jackson streets are provided with the most modern appliances, operated upon the most 
 scientific methods, and its entire business is conducted upon strictly commercial principles. The company is now 
 supplying 16,000 customers, in addition to filling its contract with the city for about 5,900 lamps at 80c. per 1,000 
 cubic feet. It also furnishes coke to a large number of customers and also heaters for many who use its gas prod- 
 uct for heating purposes. The rate charged to private consumers is $1.00 per 1,000 cubic feet. 
 
 The funded indebtedness of the company, due October, 1947, is $5,900,000. The original local companies 
 were the Buffalo Gas Light Company, organized in 1848 ; The Buffalo Mutual Gas Light Company, organized in 
 
 1870 ; the Buffalo Oxygen and Hydrogen Gas Company (afterwards the Citizens' Gas Company), organized in 
 
 1871 ; and the Buffalo City Gas Company, organized in 1897 to succeed the Citizens' Gas Company, organized in 
 1873. All the gas companies were merged into the Buffalo Gas Company, when that corporation was formed 
 under the laws of the State of New York, October 12, 1899 ; except the People's Gas Light and Coke Company, 
 which the Buffalo Gas Company, however, also controls. As the business of the new corporation is conducted on 
 modern business methods so also is the manufacture of the gas it supplies. The President of the company, Alex- 
 ander C. Humphreys of New York, is one of the very highest authorities in the world on matters relating to the 
 manufacture and distribution of coal gas. The Vice-President, Robert L. Fryer of Buffalo, is president of the 
 Manufacturers and Traders Bank. A very large share of the management of the company's affairs necessarily 
 devolves upon the Secretary and Treasurer. Both these offices are most efticiently filled by William S. Riselay, 
 
154 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 GEORGE P. ROSE. 
 
 Buffalo Manager. .Acetylene .Apparatus Manufacturing Co. (See page 155.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 155 
 
 who has had a lifetime experience with gas companies and who is familiar with every phase of the business. 
 Messrs. Humphrey, Fryer, and Riselay have as associates on the directorate of the company : Stephen Peabody, 
 Frederick Strauss, R. C. Pruyn, Pascal P. Pratt, J. Edward Addicks, Franklin D. Locke, J. Frank .■\llee, and H. 
 L. Clark. The chief offices are at 186 Main Street. 
 
 N.\TURAL GAS. 
 
 Natural gas for fuel, heating, and, to some extent, for lighting purposes is one of the necessities of life in 
 Twentieth Century Buffalo. It was first brought to the city in 1886 from the Pennsylvania fields. To these have, 
 from time to time, been added supplies from various points in Erie County, and from across the Niagara River in 
 Canada. The supply is controlled by the Buffalo Natural Gas Fuel Company, which also leases the property of 
 the South Buffalo and Erie County Gas companies. The Buffalo company supplies over 20,000 consumers. The 
 original rates charged were 35 cents per 1,000 cubic feet gross, 2.5 cents net. The rates in 1902 were 32 cents 
 gross, 30 cents net. The officers of the company are : President, Daniel O'Day ; Vice-President, J- M. Towl ; 
 .Secretary and Treasurer, John McManus ; General Manager, E. Strong ; Superintendent, C. T. Sloan. The 
 offices of the company are in the Coal and Iron Exchange building. 
 
 ACETYLENE GAS. 
 
 When coal gas was first introduced for illuminating purposes it was met by the prejudices of the ignorant and 
 the opposition of those interested in the manufacture and sale of candles. In turn, inconsiderate obstruction was 
 placed in the way of kerosene lamps, and later of electric illumination. It was, therefore, to be expected that when 
 a new illuminant, acteylene gas, was put before the public to supersede coal gas and electricity it would meet with 
 interested opposition. It had, too, to pass through the experimental stages before its now acknowledged excellent 
 qualities could be satisfactorily demonstrated. Its practical and economical value has been fully established. Its 
 method of manufacture is as simple as its application is free from difficulty or danger, being less harmful than nat- 
 ural gas or electricity, unless these are installed with the greatest care. Acetylene gas is produced by the contact 
 of water with carbide of calcium. Carbide of calcium is a fusion of coke and lime, by a very strenuous chemical- 
 electric process. Acetylene gas light is the nearest approach to sun light of any artificial substitute yet discovered. 
 Although only ten years have elapsed since the invention of effective methods for producing carbide, so rapid has 
 been the increase in the demand that not only has the capacity of the large carbide works at Niagara Falls been 
 recently doubled, but a new plant on even a more extensive scale has just been mstalled at Sault Ste. Marie. A 
 great impetus was given to the use of acetylene gas by the fine display made at the Pan-American Exposition, and 
 Buffalo has very properly been selected as an important distributing point, both on account of its central position 
 and because of the fame it has achieved in connection with recent electrical developments. In the production of a 
 great variety of apparatus for the satisfactory use of acetylene gas a vast amount of capital, scientific skill, and 
 mechanical ingenuity have been brought into play, with the result that a beautiful, strong, white, but soft, light is 
 now produced and manipulated with the greatest possible facility. Extensive factories are in operation manufac- 
 turing generators, lamps, fixtures, burners, regulators, meters, and other requisite paraphernalia. The new illumi- 
 nant has developed the special talent and general ability of many energetic young men. It has served to bring 
 to the front, as the Buffalo manager of the extensive operations of the Acetylene Apparatus Manufacturing 
 Company, Mr. G. P. Rose, who is the alert manager of the extensive establishment which the company has 
 recently fitted up at Nos. 14.5, 147 EUicott Street, which will be used as the base of supply not only for the City of 
 Buffalo but for the important surrounding territory. Mr. Rose has a thorough knowledge of all the requirements 
 for the successful use of acetylene gas light, and under his direction this branch of the company's business is cer- 
 tain to become one of its most important distributing points. 
 
 POSTSCRIPT. 
 
 Such occurrences or changes, etc., worthy of note, since the foregoing pages were printed 
 are set forth below, in order to bring the record of Twentieth Century Buffalo for 1902 up to 
 the latest date possible : 
 
 BOARD OF ASSESSORS. 
 
 Thomas F. Crowley, chosen Chairman of the Board of Assessors. His term, with that of George Stauber, 
 expire December 31, 1903. After that date. Board of Assessors will comprise only E. G. Volz, term expires 
 December 31, 1907 ; Nicholas Mock and A. J. Beyer, terms expire December 31, 1905. 
 
156 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 THOMAS F. CROWLEV. 
 Chairman, Board of Assessors, 1902-1903. Funeral Director. (See page 155.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 157 
 
 BOARD OF TRADE MORTGAGE. 
 
 A majority of the stockholders of the Board of Trade voted to give a mortgage of .f 85, 000 on its property at 
 West Seneca and Pearl streets to the Erie County Savings Bank. The mortgage is to become due in the fall of 
 1903, and to bear interest at four per cent. 
 
 ADDITION TO POST-OFFICE. 
 
 Contract for the construction of a shed over the driveway at the mailing entrance to the Buffalo Federal build- 
 ing, at .f 11, 284, awarded by the United States Treasury Department. Work to be completed by May 1, 1908. 
 
 DEPUTY COUNTY CLERK. 
 
 Chester W. Chapin, of the law fnm of Chapin & Chapin, appointed by County Clerk Price to fill the position of 
 deputy county clerk, left vacant by the death of Frank P. Marquis. 
 
 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Hon. George A. Davis, appointed Trustee of the State Normal School, and Edward H. Butler, elected Presi- 
 dent of the Board of Trustees, to fill vacancy caused by the death of Dr. Thomas Lathrop. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF BUFFALO. 
 
 Hon. Wilson S. Bisseil elected Chancellor of the University of Buffalo, to succeed Hon. Tames O. Putnam, 
 resigned. George Gorham elected Vice-Chancellor, to succeed Wilson S. Bisseil. 
 
 DEPUTY COMPTROLLER. 
 
 Arthur B. Christey appointed Deputy Comptroller by City Comptroller Heerwagen, to succeed Frank T. 
 Moulton, resigned. 
 
 LAWYERS' CLUB. 
 
 William H. Hotchkiss elected President, to succeed Wallace Thayer. Thomas H. Noonan reelected Secretary 
 and Treasurer. Trustees, 1902-1903 : Wallace Thayer, Jacob J. Stein, C. K. Robinson, Lyndon D. Wood, 
 Willard W. Saperstone, Louis B. Hart. 
 
 CHESS CLUB. 
 
 Al the first annual election of officers of the Queen City Chess Club, in November, 1902, the following officials 
 were elected : President, T. N. Wilcox ; Vice-President, G. C. Fox ; Secretary, G. L. Burgess ; Treasurer, P. H. 
 Meyer ; Trustees, Dr. A. E. Bennett, A. E. Rupprecht, Charles McMichael. 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Mutual Benefit Association of the Buffalo Public Library, organized to provide benefits in case of illness or death 
 of members. President, Walter L. Brown ; Vice-President, Lucia T. Henderson ; Secretary, Mary J. Briggs ; 
 Directors, John Krieg, Claude G. Leland, and Harriet A. Beach ; Treasurer, William P. Reed, treasurer of the 
 library. 
 
 BUFFALO CLUB DIRECTORS. 
 
 Whitney G. Case, John L. Clawson, Walter J. Donaldson, John H. Lascelles, Thomas R. Lockwood, John W. 
 Robinson, and Pendennis White, elected Directors of the Buffalo Club for a term of three years. 
 
 LIQUOR LICENSES. 
 
 Between May 1st and November 30th Buffalo received $577,661.38 as its share in the revenue derived from 
 the sale of liquor tax certificates, etc., in Erie County. 
 
 S. F. P. O. C. T. A. 
 
 Frank H. Goodyear and Archibald M. Hazard reelected, and Clinton B. Gibbs, George R. Howard, and Mrs. 
 F. Hyatt Smith elected Directors of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. 
 
158 
 
 twp:ntieth century buffalo. 
 
 HARRISON N. VEDDER. 
 Commodore, Buttalo Vacht Club, I0II3, Fire Insurance, (See page 160.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY liUFFAI.O. 159 
 
 ESTIMATES FOR BUFFALO. 
 
 The Secretary of the Treasury submitted to Congress estimates for the year ending lunc 30, 1904, for : Improv- 
 ing the lake entrance to Buffalo Harbor, ;fi250,000 ; keepers' dwelling at north end of Buffalo Breakwater lights, 
 f5,500 ; keepers' dwelling at Horseshoe Reef lights, §5,500 ; keepers' dwelling at Buffalo light house depot,' 
 
 WELLAND CANAL. 
 
 The season of navigation of the Welland Canal for 1902 closed Monday, December 15ih. 
 
 COMMANDANT OF SOLDIERS' HOME. 
 
 Joseph E. Ewell of Buffalo elected Commandant of the Soldiers' Home at Bath (see page 90). 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 At the close of 190'_', Henry P. Emerson, Superintendent of Education, reported : The total number of pupils 
 registered in the public schools last term was 60,149, distributed as follows : Teachers' Training School, 49 ; high 
 schools, '2,985; primary and grammar schools, 55,795; kindergartens, 1,164; truant school, 156. The average 
 daily attendance was 4'2,945, distributed as follows : Teachers' Training School, 44 ; high schools, 2,532 ; pri- 
 mary and grammar schools, 39,763 ; kindergartens, 580 ; truant school, 29. 
 
 The number of teachers employed in the day schools was 78 men and 1,200 women, a total of 1,278. As nearly 
 as could be ascertained, there were 70 parochial or private schools, with a registration of 21,772 children. 
 
 The school census of Buffalo, taken in November, under the supervision of truant officer, Charles F. Reif 
 showed that the total number of children in the city of a school-going age, between four and eighteen vears, is 
 86,573. The census was taken by about sixty numerators in sixteen days. The work cost f2,388. The 
 Common Council appropriated .f 2,400 for it. 
 
 FARMERS' PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The officials of the Niagara and Erie County Farmers' Protective Association for 1903 are : President, Henry 
 Kramer ; Vice-President, John F. Bauer ; Treasurer, John Neubecker ; Secretary, Jacob Blum ; Executive Com'- 
 mittee, Henry Kramer, Brauer, Neubecker, Martin Killian, and Frank J. Busi. 
 
 NIAGARA FRONTIER LANDMARKS ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The officers of the Niagara Frontier Landmarks Association for 1903 are : Chairman, Trueman G. Avery ; Vice- 
 Chairman, Mrs. John Miller Ilorton ; Secretary, George D. Emerson ; Treasurer, Philip S. Smith ; W. Caryl Ely, 
 Director, to fill vacancy occasioned by the death of Mrs. Mary N. Thompson. 
 
 THE SCRIBBLERS. 
 
 The officials of the Scribblers for 1903 are : President, Miss Marian De Forest ; Vice-President, Mrs. Courtland 
 C. Manning ; Recording Secretary, Mrs. Edward C. Hawks ; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. James B. Parke ; 
 Treasurer, Dr. Amelia Earle Trant ; Programme Committee, Mrs. Felix Kessel, Miss Jane Meade Welch ; Chair- 
 man House Committee, Mrs. Godfrey L. Garden. 
 
 GUARD OF HONOR. 
 
 Tfie officials of the Guard of Honor Society for 1903 are : President, Charles Wallace ; Vice-President, George 
 Coates ; Secretary, R. C. Hill ; Assistant Secretary, Frank Codd ; Financial Secretary, A. C. Commer ; Treasurer, 
 Thomas Grimshaw ; Marshal, Alfred Walmsley, Jr.; Chaplain, A. N. Commer ; Trustee, John Codd; Sunday 
 School Superintendent, F. E. Williams ; Assistant Superintendent, William Koehler ; Secretary, Carrie Holzwarth ; 
 Treasurer, Thomas Codd ; Librarian, C. Z. Holzwarth. 
 
 MUSICIANS' PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The officials of the Musicians' Protective Association for 1903 are : President, Henry Marcus ; Vice-President, 
 Charles Kuhn ; Secretary, John Buchar ; Treasurer, H. G. Duge ; Executive Committee, Marcus Schwert, Valen- 
 tine Schup, A. W. .\ndrle, Fred. Seemann, Fred Frank, John Richardson, William H. Bartley. 
 
 ERIE COUNTY BAR ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The officers and committees of the Erie County Bar Association for 1903 are : 
 
 President, Simon Fleischmann ; Vice-President, Louis L. Babcock ; Treasurer. Charles L. Bullymore ; Secre- 
 tary, James L. Quackenbush. 
 
160 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 BUFFALO RETAIL LIQUOR DEALERS' ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The officers of the Buffalo Retail Liquor Dealers' Association are : President, George M. Mullen ; Vice- 
 President, George J. Bohn ; Recording-Secretary, Harry Asmus ; Financial Secretary, Joseph Phillips ; Treasurer, 
 John Glasser ; Conductor, Julius Goettleman ; Warden, William Dryer ; Trustees, Daniel O'Grady, seven years ; 
 Ignatz Speich, six years ; George J. Bohn, five years ; Frank Tramp, four years ; Michael Roll, three years ; 
 George Hoener, two years ; Joseph Schilling, one year. 
 
 BUFFALO YACHT CLUB. 
 
 The officers of the Buffalo Yacht Club nominated for 1903 are ; Commodore, H. N. Vedder ; Vice-Commo- 
 dore, G. W. Maytham ; Secretary-Treasurer, A. A. Thomas ; Measurer, F. D. Wood ; Fleet Su rgeon, E. P. 
 Hussey, M. D. ; Directors, William F. White, L. F. Kendall, G. D. Hayes, S. C. Ryan ; Regatta Committee, 
 W. H. Annowski, Walter Hayes, R. A. Heussler. 
 
 SOCIETY FOR BEAUTIFYING BUFFALO. 
 
 The officials of the Society for Beautifying Buffalo for 1903 are : President, Dr. Matthew D. Mann ; Vice- 
 President, Charles D. Pardee ; Secretary, John H. Coxhead ; Treasurer, Francis Almy ; Directors, for one year, 
 A. 1. Elias, Edmund Hayes, E. B. Green, E. A. Kent, Francis Almy, Dr. M. D. Mann ; for two years, W. O. 
 Chapin, O. P. Letchworth, William A. Joyce, R. P. Coxe, Isadore Michael, Carlton Sprague ; for three years, 
 C. W. Pardee, Henry A. Richmond, T. Guilford Smith, George Gary, R. W. Pomeroy, John H. Coxhead. 
 
 UNITED STATES COMMISSIONER. 
 
 George P. Keating, Clerk of the United States District Court, appointed a Lfnited State Commissioner by Judge 
 Hazel. 
 
 BUFFALO KENNEL CLUB. 
 
 The officers of the Buffalo Kennel Club, a new organization for 1903, are : President, George Bleistein ; First 
 Vice-President, William J. Lautz ; Second Vice-President, Dr. V. Mott Pierce ; Secretary, Harry Yates ; Assist- 
 ant Secretary, Edward P. Sharp ; Treasurer, De Witt Clinton. 
 
 EPWORTH LEAGUE. 
 
 The officers of the Genesee Conference Epworth League for 1903 are : President, D. L. Tuttle, Buffalo ; 
 Corresponding Secretary, Ora Pickard, North Tonawanda ; Recording Secretary, Grant A. Rodman, Hornells- 
 ville ; Treasurer, G. M. W. Bills, Rochester. The officers of the Buffalo District for 1903 are : President, Rev. 
 Price A. Crowe ; Corresponding Secretary, Henry Babel ; Recording Secretary, Burton Kester ; Treasurer, George 
 T. Cooke. 
 
 CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR. 
 
 The officers of the Buffalo Asseinbly of Christian Endeavor for 1903 are : President, Homer T. Kerr ; Secre- 
 tary, Frank C. Welter ; Treasurer, Joseph C. Dale. 
 
 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSIONER. 
 
 Joseph L. Whittet, appointed Civil Service Commissioner by Mayor Knight, in the place of Joseph E. Ewell, 
 resigned to accept position of Commandant of Soldiers' Home at Bath. 
 
 COST OF GRADE CROSSING IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 At the meeting of the Board of .'Mdermen, December 22d, the statement was made that the cost of the entire 
 grade crossing plan completed, with the exception of some additional consequential damages, was : Land taken, 
 $275,379.22; structures (completed and to be completed), #819,667.32; consequential damages to date, $757,- 
 875.64; administration expenses to date, $176,420.45, making a total to the city of $2,059,342.63. The rail- 
 roads' share of the expense is as follows : Land taken, $540,452.53; structures, $3,557,241.33; consequential 
 damages, $705,979.87, making a total of $4,803,673.73 for the railroads, and a grand total of $6,863,016. 36. The 
 final grand total will not exceed $7,000,000. 
 
Twentieth Century Buffalo. 
 
 PART TWO. 
 
 Edition of 1902-1903 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 ANDREW LANGDON. 
 
 President of the Buffalo Historical Society. Donor to the City of Buffalo of the Statue of David. 
 (See payes iv and 239; also page 79, Part One.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 EXPLANATORY. 
 
 The original plan of Twentieth Century Buffalo, as outlined on page five, Part One, 
 contemplated the publication of the first annual edition, that of 1902-1903, immediately after 
 the completion of the fiscal year of the municipality, June 30, 1903. Owing to the severe 
 and prolonged sickness of the compiler, it was impossible to carry out this plan, the publication 
 being, for the reason named, unavoidably and unexpectedly delayed. The same reason will 
 account for a seeming lack of continuity in some portions of the work. It is believed, how- 
 ever, that notwithstanding these untoward conditions the first edition of Twentieth Century 
 Buffalo, as a whole, will lie found worthy of acceptance as a reliable compendium of 
 information concerning the municipal, financial, industrial, commercial, and general public 
 interests of Twentieth Century Buffalo, and that it will be a valuable initial volume of reference 
 upon all matters comprehended in its pages. It is intended that the edition of 1904 and 
 subsequent annual editions will follow up these matters and thus provide a permanent and 
 continuous record for official, professional, and business use. 
 
 RICHMOND C. HILL. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y., December, 1903. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 STATUE OF DAVID. 
 
 A most valuable addition to the attractions of Twentieth Century Buffalo's finest public pleasure ground, 
 Delaware Park, is a gigantic statue, a replica in bronze of Michael Angelo's famous work, " David," which was set 
 up in the fall of 1903. This fine example of classical statuary is the only copy in this country of the original 
 which stood in the Plaza in Florence for 400 years and which is now in the Academy of Fine Arts. The bronze 
 is seventeen feet in height and its granite pedestal and base about nine feet. The statue weighs 4,000 pounds and 
 the die on which it rests about 38,000 pounds. This magnificent work of art was cast in Naples and was presented 
 to the city, through the Board of Park Commissioners, by Andrew Langdon, President of the Buffalo Historical 
 Society. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 EDITION OF 1902-1903. 
 
 CONTENTS OF PART TWO. 
 
 Banking — Investments — Near-by Gold Fields — Arizona Mines — Mercantile Agencies — Real 
 Estate — Insurance — Electrical Evolution — Telegraph Service — Telephone Service — 
 Transportation — Motor Carriage Transportation — Carriage Builders — Electric Railway 
 System — Lake Traffic — Iron and Steel Industries — Copper Smelting — Metal Workers, 
 Machinery Manufacturers — Hardware — Coal — Lumber — Live Stock — Grain and Flour 
 — Ice — Industrial Statistics — The Chamber of Commerce — The Manufacturers' Club — 
 Industrial Importance — Wholesalers, Jobbers, and Supply Houses — Contracting and 
 Building — Various Important Business Establishments — Department Stores— Millinery 
 AND Clothing — Dyeing and Cleaning Establishmf.nts — Leading Pharmacists — Grocers and 
 Confectioners — Leading Hotels — Corrections and Omissions — Representatives of the 
 People : County Officers, Members of Assembly, City Officials, Councilmen, Aldermen 
 . — Registered Voters — Appointments by the Mayor — Postscript — Review and Outlook. 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 P.\GE. 
 
 Adams. C. F., Co 319 
 
 Adams, J. F 187 
 
 Aldermen 235 
 
 Allen Carpet Cleaning Co 22-i 
 
 American Buttalo Robe Co 171 
 
 American Embossinjj Co Ill 
 
 American \\'arelioiising Co., 25 
 
 Appointments by the Mayor. 235 
 
 Arizona Mines 23 
 
 Baker. H. H.. & Co 181 
 
 Banicing (all banks). 1 
 
 Bank of Butlalo 5 
 
 Beals&Co Ill 
 
 Bean. Schermerhorn & Co 99 
 
 Belden, Duane E 35 
 
 Bell Telejihone Co 52 
 
 Berkshire Life Insurance Co.. 115 
 
 Bernhardt, Herman 191 
 
 Betts, Chas. M., & Co 139 
 
 Bickford ik Francis 157 
 
 Blackball Manufacturing Co Ill 
 
 Blehden, Victor R 165 
 
 Bowen, A. H 41 
 
 Bradstreet's Mercantile ..\gency 25 
 
 Brady. E, L 229 
 
 BramhalhDeane & Co 109 
 
 Braun. Rudolph 255 
 
 Breakwater, The New, 241 
 
 Buffalo & Susquehanna Iron Co,, 93 
 
 Buffalo Artificial Limb Co 179 
 
 Buttalo Candy Co,. 175 
 
 Buffalo Cement Co 199 
 
 Buttalo Cigar Co,, 175 
 
 Buffalo Commercial Insurance Co,, 41 
 
 Buffalo Creek Railroad 59 
 
 Buffalo Dental Manufacturing Co 179 
 
 Butlalo Eastbound Passenger Committee (j3 
 
 Buffalo Emery Wheel Co 163 
 
 Buffalo Fire Office 41 
 
 Buffalo Freight Committee 67 
 
 Buffalo General Electric Co 47 
 
 Buttalo German Insurance Co 37 
 
 Buffalo Joint Inspection Bureau 69 
 
 Buffalo Lighting Co., 163 
 
 Buffalo Loan T, & S, Deposit Co 9 
 
 Buttalo Lounge Co 157 
 
 Buffalo Mill Supply Co 183 
 
 Buffalo Pie Bakery 175 
 
 Buffalo Pitts Co 103 
 
 Buffalo R. R Passenger Com 63 
 
 Buffalo R. R. Representatives 61 
 
 Buffalo Regalia Co 167 
 
 Buffalo Savings Bank 11 
 
 Buttalo School Furniture Works, 135 
 
 P.^GE, 
 
 Buffalo Smelting Works 97 
 
 Buffalo Specialty M'f'g Co 163 
 
 Buffalo Typewriter Exchange 207 
 
 Buffalo Westbound Passenger Committee 63 
 
 Buffalo Wire Works 107 
 
 Builders' Exchange 195 
 
 Builders' Planing Mill, 133 
 
 Building Operations 105, 239 
 
 Burnham's — Carting |^1 
 
 Burns, William '1 
 
 Burt & Sindele 1"' 
 
 Canal Forwarders, ^9 
 
 Capewell Horse Nail Co IH 
 
 Carriage Builders "5 
 
 Catholic Institute 243 
 
 Central Railway Clearing House 69 
 
 Central Railway Club 63 
 
 Chamber of Commerce 1-^1 
 
 Chester's Steam Dyeing Works 222 
 
 Citizens' Bank 9 
 
 City Finances and Taxes, 236 
 
 City Officials 833 
 
 Clubs and Societies, yarious 245 
 
 Coal "7 
 
 Coal Companies and representatives. . . . 119, 121, 125 
 
 Columbia National Bank 4 
 
 Conlev, M. A ~ll 
 
 Conrad Motor Carriages '5 
 
 Consolidatid Telephone Co 53 
 
 Contracting and Building - ^XS 
 
 Contractors, Various ^^■*~^o? 
 
 Copper Smelting 9j 
 
 Corrections and Omissions 231 
 
 Coulson, William 224 
 
 Councilmen 2.33 
 
 County Officials 233 
 
 Courier Co 1^9 
 
 Crabbs Mercantile Agency 27 
 
 Crosby Co., The, . . ,' 109 
 
 Custom House ■ . *41 
 
 Davis & Wright 203 
 
 Day, Alvin W., & Co 204 
 
 Deck Brothers 103 
 
 Denny, H. St. John 17 
 
 Denton, Cottier & Daniels, 211 
 
 Denton, Robert '211 
 
 Department of Education 237 
 
 Des Moines Incubator Co 159 
 
 Diamond Rubber Co 181 
 
 Dickinson, T. & E., & Co 215 
 
 Driscoll & Fletcher 107 
 
 Dun's Mercantile Agency 25 
 
 Dyeing and Cleaning 222 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 INDEX. — (Contwued.) 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Eagle Iron Works yj 
 
 Electrical Evolution 41 
 
 Electrical Terms 49 
 
 Electric Corporations 47 
 
 Electric Line Projects 79 
 
 Electric Railway Systems, 77 
 
 Electric Storage Batteries, 47 
 
 Elevators, Grain 145 
 
 Elevators. Steel 145 
 
 Empire Metallic Bedstead Co 109 
 
 Erbes. P. Philip. & Sons 304 
 
 Erie County Savings Bank 11 
 
 Erie Fire Insurance Co 41 
 
 Excise Department, State 241 
 
 Excursion Boats 89 
 
 Express Companies, 69 
 
 " Express " Travel Department 67 
 
 Ey. August 227 
 
 Farrar & Treffts 101 
 
 Fast Freight Lines, 67 
 
 Fidelity Tea Co 226 
 
 Fidelity Trust Co 9 
 
 Fine Arts Academy 243 
 
 Fire Underwriters' Ass'n 37 
 
 Fisher. Smith & Co 189 
 
 Fisk Rubber Co 1^3 
 
 Fix. Charles. J 114 
 
 Fleischmann & Co 193 
 
 Flour Mills 145-149 
 
 Frees. C. A VS 
 
 French Steam Dyeing 222 
 
 Frisch Brothers 216 
 
 Frontier Telephone Co., 53 
 
 Fox & Lamond, 222 
 
 Gager's Candy 227 
 
 Gavin. Joseph E., 21 
 
 Genealogical Society, . 243 
 
 George, J. J 187 
 
 Georger, Julius W , 185 
 
 German-American Bank, . 7 
 
 German-American Brewing Co 17? 
 
 German Bank 7 
 
 Gianelli. A. Z.. 103 
 
 Gibson & Son 187 
 
 Glenn. O.J[., 71 
 
 Grace Mining Co 21 
 
 Grade Crossing Improvements, 239 
 
 Grain and F"lour 143 
 
 Great Atlantic and Pacific T. Co 226 
 
 Great Gorge Route 81 
 
 Gresz. I. M 20.i 
 
 Grosvenor Library 241 
 
 Guaranteed Storage System 27 
 
 Haefner. A 215 
 
 Hall. Edward F 209 
 
 Hamill, D. L 187 
 
 Hardware, Ill 
 
 Hartford Rubber Works 181 
 
 Hayden & Twohey 224 
 
 Hayes. Harold P 223 
 
 Hedge, Geo. F., Son & Co 211 
 
 Heeman. L 215 
 
 Hengerer, The Wm.. Co 217 
 
 Henry & Missert 189 
 
 Hill. Dr 227 
 
 Historical Society 239 
 
 Hofeller, E. D 201 
 
 Hohl, Louis C 219 
 
 Holmes. E. & B., 107 
 
 Homestead Savings & Loan Ass'n, 13 
 
 Hood tk Gould 226 
 
 Hoo-Hoo. Order of 133 
 
 Hosmer. Eli T 223 
 
 Hotel Broezei 229 
 
 Hotel Iroquois 229 
 
 Howard Iron Works, 99 
 
 Howlett, F. C. & Co 181 
 
 Hovlei. A. H 216 
 
 Hubbs & Howe 185 
 
 Humane Society, 243 
 
 Ice 149 
 
 Industrial Importance, 155 
 
 Industrial Statistics 154 
 
 Institute of Bank Clerks 13 
 
 Internal Revenue Department 241 
 
 International Traction Co., 79 
 
 Insurance, 35 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Investments, 17 
 
 Iron and Steel Industries 89 
 
 Iroquois Tailoring Co., 219 
 
 Jobbers 179 
 
 Johnson. J. W 205 
 
 Jones Brothers 73 
 
 Jungling Box Works 173 
 
 Kasting, William F., 189 
 
 Kellogg. Spencer, 159 
 
 Kener. Edward. Ir., 115 
 
 Kenyon. H. R . Co 217 
 
 Keystone Manufacturing Co 107 
 
 Keystone Warehouse Co., and Keystone Transfer Co.. 73, 248 
 
 King & Eisele 167 
 
 King Spring Co 75 
 
 Krull. S-J. 183 
 
 Kulp. J..&Son 71 
 
 Kurtzmann. C. & Co 173 
 
 Lackawanna Steel Plant 93 
 
 Lafayette Hotel 229 
 
 Lake Carriers' Association, 85 
 
 Lake Lines' Association 81 
 
 Lake Traffic 81 
 
 Lake Transportation Lines, 85 
 
 Lamy, Charles. & Sons 225 
 
 Lang's Brewery, 177 
 
 Lautz Bros, ik "Co 159 
 
 Lee, William H 204 
 
 Library. Public 241 
 
 Liemberner. F. C 223 
 
 Life Underwriters' Association 57 
 
 Livestock 141-143 
 
 Local Freight Agents' Association 69 
 
 Lock. E. 1 224 
 
 Loeser. W. L 159 
 
 Lumber 125 
 
 Lumber Companies and Dealers, 127, 129, 131 
 
 Machinery Manufacturers, 99 
 
 Maltby. George W.. & Son. 201 
 
 Manhattan Spirit Co 159 
 
 Manufacturers' and Traders' Bank 5 
 
 Manufacturers' Club 153 
 
 Marine National Bank 1 
 
 Masonic Life Association 37 
 
 Mauer, L. E 229 
 
 McKinnon Dash Co 161 
 
 McLennan Paint Co., 155 
 
 NcNair. E. 17 
 
 McNutt, Randolph 179 
 
 Meadville Distilling Co 189 
 
 Medical Society, Erie County, 243 
 
 Meister, Charles F 205 
 
 Members of Assembly, 233 
 
 Metalworkers, . . ' 99 
 
 Meyer. A. F 175 
 
 Meyer W'agon Works 77 
 
 Miller, C. W.. Transfer Co 69 
 
 Moersfelder, Edwin, Ill 
 
 Mohn & Hunter 233 
 
 More, George E 185 
 
 Motor Carriage Transportation 73 
 
 Murray, Harry, 224 
 
 Natural Sciences, Society, 243 
 
 Near-by Gold Fields 21 
 
 Neff, E.N 232 
 
 Neubeck. L. N 213 
 
 New Vork Central Live Stock Yards 141 
 
 New Vork Central Ticket Agency 67 
 
 Niagara Carting Co 71 
 
 Niagara Falls and Lockport Service 79 
 
 Nuse. Frank P., 216 
 
 Nussbaumer, J. G 209 
 
 Oliyer. W^ W. M'f'g Co 109 
 
 Our Own Delivery 69 
 
 Packard, Mark 125-331 
 
 Passenger and Freight Stations 66 
 
 Penfold, C. C 165 
 
 Pension Agency 241 
 
 PeopK's Bant 3 
 
 People's Furniture Co 206 
 
 Personal Property Assessments 237 
 
 Pharmacists, . , 223 
 
 Phillips. William A 209 
 
 Pierce, G. N., Co 75 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 INDEX. — ( Continued. ) 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Point Abino Sand Co ^I 
 
 Pollock. K. E., Co 169 
 
 Postal Telegraph Cable Co. 51 
 
 Post-olfice, 241 
 
 Postscript a;J7-23i)-241-343-245 
 
 Pratt & Letchworth 99 
 
 8 ueen City Artificial Limb Co 173 
 
 ^ueen City Engineering Co 1U3 
 
 Race & Kinsley 179 
 
 Radley. Richard 231 
 
 Railroad Companies, Various 55-57 
 
 Real Estate 27 
 
 Rebstock. Rachel 213 
 
 Reciprocity League 245 
 
 Registered Voters 235 
 
 Reid, J. 1 41 
 
 Reimann Brothers 115 
 
 Representatiyes of the People 233 
 
 Retail Grocers' Association 225 
 
 Review and Outlook. 247 
 
 Rick. F. F.. & Co 215 
 
 Ri.v, William 219 
 
 Rogers. Brown & Co 97 
 
 Rohlfs. Charles 171 
 
 Roty. Anthony 114 
 
 Royal .Arcanum 231 
 
 Ruckel. J. H. &Son 101 
 
 Ryckman's Wines 191 
 
 Sangster. James. & Co 231 
 
 Schmitt, k 114 
 
 Schmitz, John H 77 
 
 Schneider. Frank, 216 
 
 Schoellkopf & Co 161 
 
 Schoellkopf's Sons 157 
 
 Schwartz Optical Co 206 
 
 Scott. William 213 
 
 Security Safe Deposit Co., 13 
 
 Serret & Svensson 169 
 
 Shabacker & Vittel 117 
 
 Shantz, J. Y., &Son 163 
 
 Sheridan. J. A 211 
 
 Sherwood Manufacturing Co 101 
 
 Singer Sewing Machine Co 209 
 
 Smiler, Lewis 2.39 
 
 Sons of the Revolution 243 
 
 Soverhill & Willett 114 
 
 Staple and Special Industries l.'Jo 
 
 Steam Railway Connections .53 
 
 Sterling Furniture Co 20<i 
 
 Steul & Thuman 139 
 
 Stewart Heater Co 1U7 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Street Railway History 77 
 
 Sui)ply Houses 179 
 
 Surveyor General (Lumber) 139 
 
 Taylor & Crate, 139 
 
 Taxes and Taxation 237 
 
 Telegraph Service, 49 
 
 Telephone Service, 51 
 
 Third National Bank 7 
 
 Thompson, N. J., & Co 185 
 
 Thorn Cement Co 199 
 
 Tindle & lackson 133 
 
 Tonawanaa Iron Works 97 
 
 Transportation .53 
 
 Transportation Club 63 
 
 Treble, C. A 226 
 
 Tresselt. W. F., 227 
 
 Tug Lines 89 
 
 Uebbing. John 205 
 
 Oilman. M 159 
 
 Underwood Typewriter, . 207 
 
 Union Passenger Depot 55 
 
 United States Canning Co., 191 
 
 United States Headlight Co 165 
 
 United Trades and Labor Council 245 
 
 Vanderbilt Freight Bureau 67 
 
 Vanderbilt Lines, Ticket Office 67 
 
 Wagner Co.. Typewriters 207 
 
 Wagner, John 216 
 
 Walbridge&Co 113 
 
 Walbridge. C. E 113 
 
 Walsh & Steele 21 
 
 Walz, Henry 1 183 
 
 VVatkins. L. K 226 
 
 Weber. Otto 189 
 
 Webster, E.. Son & Co 149 
 
 Weed, C. A.. & Co 220 
 
 Werner, George, & Sons. 177 
 
 Western N. Y. Car Service Ass'n 69 
 
 Western Savings Bank 11 
 
 Western Union Telegraph Co 49 
 
 Whitmier & Filbrick Co 203 
 
 Whittet. Barrett & Co 101 
 
 \\'holesale Houses, 179 
 
 Wilcox, R. F. & Co 135 
 
 W'illiams Typewriter Co 207 
 
 Wireless Telegraph Station 51 
 
 Wolslev, J.A 204 
 
 Wright", A. J 17 
 
 Zienier, Henry & Co 225 
 
 Zimmerman, C. D 213 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Statue of David, iv 
 
 Marine Bank Building opp. 1 
 
 Kulp's Heavy Truck Wagon 70 
 
 Buttalo .Automobiles 74 
 
 Types of Lake Steamers 82. 83, 84 
 
 Map of Steel Plant Location 91 
 
 Works of Pratt & Letchworth Co 100 
 
 Works of Buffalo Pitts Co 102 
 
 Buffalo Pitts Threshers 104 
 
 Buftalo Pitts Traction Engine 10"> 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Plant of Stewart Heater Co 106 
 
 Works of American Cabinet Co., 135 
 
 N. Y. Central Live Stock Yards. 140 
 
 The Dakota Elevator 144 
 
 Soap Works of Lautz Bros. & Co.. 158 
 
 Works of American Buftalo Robe Co 171 
 
 Store of T. & E. Dickinson & Co., 214 
 
 Store of C. A Weed & Co 218 
 
 Hotel Iroquois 229 
 
 Hotel Broezel .229 
 
 P.\GE. 
 
 Andrew Langdon ii 
 
 Joseph T. Jones, 2 
 
 Clarence W. Hammond, ... 4 
 
 iohn N. Scatcherd, 6 
 
 ames \. Roberts. 8 
 
 Lobert S. Donaldson. .... 10 
 
 Michael Nellany 12 
 
 A.J. Wright 14 
 
 E. O. McNair 15 
 
 lohn H. Smith 18 
 
 John H. Casler 19 
 
 William H. Warhus 20 
 
 George \. Sanborn 22 
 
 Henry J. Wilkes 25 
 
 PORTR.^ITS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 John R. Moynihan 26 
 
 J_. Thomas Harp 28 
 
 beymour P. White 30 
 
 Duane E. Bclden 31 
 
 W. H. Johnson 32 
 
 George T. Robinson, 33 
 
 Alfred H. Aird 34 
 
 Albert F. R. Arndt 36 
 
 F. L. A. Cady 38 
 
 Nelson O. Tiffany 39 
 
 Oliver J. Eggert 40 
 
 Charles A. Georger 40 
 
 James I. Reid. 4.3 
 
 Allen H. Bowen 4;3 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Charles R. Huntley 44 
 
 Joseph P. Devine, 46 
 
 William h. Sawyer, 48 
 
 Henry M. Watson 50 
 
 A. E. Robbins, 52 
 
 Harry Parry 58 
 
 Henry T. Jaeger 54 
 
 E. F. Knibloe 56 
 
 Fred P. Fox 60 
 
 Robert F. Kellev 60 
 
 W. H. Underwood 62 
 
 C. S. Blackman, 62 
 
 W. U. Tunison 64 
 
 Charles A. Coon 64 
 
 (Continued on page viii.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Charles A. Brunn, 65 
 
 Earl N. Blood 66 
 
 Blake P. Frazer 66 
 
 Charles W. Miller 68 
 
 George N. Pierce, 72 
 
 W. Carvl Ely 76 
 
 Bert L. Jones 78 
 
 Henrv C. French 80 
 
 C.C. McCain 86 
 
 W. M. Lowrie 86 
 
 Frank \V. Everett 88 
 
 Walter Scranton, .,'..., 90 
 
 William A. Rogers 92 
 
 Frank H, Goodvear 94 
 
 Charles W. Goodyear 94 
 
 Maurice B. Patch 9S 
 
 Ot'den P. Letchworth 98 
 
 William H. Crosbv 108 
 
 Charles D. Blackhall 110 
 
 Charles E. Walbridse 112 
 
 Horace A. Xoble 116 
 
 Dell L. Tuttle 118 
 
 Harry Yates 120 
 
 Mark Packard 122 
 
 Frank P. Weaver 123 
 
 William D. Ward 124 
 
 John S. Noyes. 126 
 
 Knowlton 5lixer. 128 
 
 Henry M. Poole 130 
 
 Thomas Tindle 132 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Loren M. Hewit 134 
 
 Edward C. Shafer 136 
 
 Henrv Steul 137 
 
 C. H.Stanton 139 
 
 lohn Hughes 142 
 
 F. J. Weber 146 
 
 George Urban. Jr 147 
 
 Edward H. Webster 148 
 
 Leonard Dodge 150 
 
 M. F. Bowen 152 
 
 Charles J. McLennan. .... 154 
 
 John Russ 156 
 
 Lachlan McKinnon. 160 
 
 Oliver Cabana, Ir 162 
 
 Victor R. Blehdon 164 
 
 Edward A. Eisele 166 
 
 George Bleistein, 168 
 
 Charles Rohlfs 170 
 
 Louis S. Kurtzmann, 172 
 
 R. A. Brown 174 
 
 Wadsworth J. Zittel 176 
 
 Dr. Theodore G. Lewis 178 
 
 Howard H. Baker 180 
 
 Robert Loder 182 
 
 William H. Howe 184 
 
 William F. Kasting 186 
 
 Henrv P. Werner 188 
 
 J. Llovd Jones 190 
 
 Alexander Hoegl 192 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Charles E. Williams 194 
 
 Charles Mosier 196 
 
 William Summers 196 
 
 William S. Grattan 197 
 
 Alfred W. Thorn 198 
 
 Edward D. Hotelier 200 
 
 Charles F. Filbrick 202 
 
 The late C. M. Whitmier. ... 203 
 
 J. George Nussbaumer. .... 208 
 
 Robert Denton, 210 
 
 William Scott 212 
 
 William A. Rix 218 
 
 George H. Woolley 228 
 
 Frederick O. Murray, 232 
 
 Louis J. Kengott 234 
 
 Walter J. Shepard 234 
 
 Thomas Murphy 236 
 
 Clark H. Hammond 236 
 
 Lafayette L. Long 233 
 
 lohnH. Price 2.38 
 
 William Germann. 240 
 
 lohn I. Smith 240 
 
 Dr. H. H. Bingham 240 
 
 lohn F. Earth 240 
 
 Neil McEachren 242 
 
 Thomas Stoddard, 244 
 
 Simon Flei^chman 244 
 
 Charles J. Fix 246 
 
 Frank J. Moore, 246 
 
 MARINE NATIONAL BANK BUILDING. - Corner of Main and West Sene 
 
 (Sec page 1.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 BANKING. 
 
 The early bankers of Buffalo, by scru]julous conservatism, served a good purpose in main- 
 taining a steady ei|uiUbrium of the pubUc credit of this community ; but a new pobcy has 
 become necessary by the new conditions in Twentieth Century Buffalo. This includes con- 
 solidation and expansion. 
 
 During the years 1!I02 and 1903 there were five bank consolidations in Buffalo and one 
 failure, the latter that of the City Bank, which went out of existence on July 1, 1901. 
 The Niagara Bank of Buffalo had its affairs taken in charge by the Bank of Buffalo on July 
 5, 1901. The other consolidations and their dates were: Metropolitan Bank of Buffalo 
 to German Bank, August 12, 1901 ; Merchants Bank of Buffalo to Manufacturers and Traders 
 Bank, April 29, 1902; Buffalo Commercial Bank to Marine Bank of Buffalo, May 1, 1902; 
 Union Bank of Buffalo to German Bank, June 8, 1902. The Fidelity Trust Company assumed 
 the business of the Empire Savings Bank to close up its affairs. 
 
 The records of the Buffalo Clearing House Association show that while on May 1, 1901, 
 the banks in the clearing house system had a capitalization of $4,0.50,000, which was decreased 
 to $3,100,000, May 1, 1902, the total resources of the reduced number of banks were increased 
 from 847,82.5,676, May 1, 1901, to S49,.365,216, May 1, 1902. January 1, 1903, a sum of 
 more than One Hundred and Ten Million dollars was on deposit in Buffalo financial institu- 
 tions, comprising, amount in Clearing House Banks, $46,300,000 ; in the Savings Banks, 
 $55,000,000 ; in Trust Companies, $8,000,000 ; in Savings and Loan Associations, $11,000,000. 
 
 The officials of the Buffalo Clearing House Association, formerly the Bankers' Association, 
 organized in 1890, for 1902-1903 are : President, E. C. McDougall ; Vice-President, A. D. 
 Bissell ; Treasurer, H. T. Ramsdell ; Secretary and Manager, Jesse C. Dann ; Treasurer, H. 
 W. Burt. The supervisory work of the association and the general control of the financial situ- 
 ation, as far as the affairs of banks comprising the association are concerned, are in the hands of 
 the Clearing House Committee, S. M. Clement, Marine National Bank, Chairman ; E. A. 
 Georger, German Bank ; N. Rochester, Third National Bank ; C. W. Hammond, People's 
 Bank ; R. L. Fryer, Manufacturers and Traders Bank. Arbitration Committee, Joseph Block, 
 George F. Rand, Charles E. Clark. 
 
 The increase of capitalization and other items of expansion and the history and present con- 
 dition of the various banking institutions of the city are indicated in the individual notices 
 which are hereinafter given. 
 
 MARINE NATIONAL BANK. 
 
 The Marine National Bank is the most important financial institution of Twentieth Century Buffalo. Its his- 
 tory, covering more than half a century, has been one of unimpeded conservative progress. It has steadily grown 
 in importance and developed in strength with the expansion of the general business affairs of Buffalo. It was char- 
 tered as a State bank in August 1, 1850. Its affairs have always been conducted on strictly business principles. 
 Whenever an enlargement or improvement in its methods have become desirable, the enlargement or improvement 
 has been promptly made. Necessarily, materially increased facilities for conducting business have from time to 
 time been required and have been liberally provided. As a result, the bank is to-day magnificently equipped in 
 every department. Its financial condition is in the very highest degree satisfactory, its officials are men of wide 
 commercial experience, thoroughly acquainted with all the requirements for conducting the various branches of the 
 banking and safe deposit business on the lines of modern methods ; its staff is well trained and complete, and its 
 material outfit both attractive and commensurate with the present requirements. 
 
 The Marine Bank as a State bank had grown to be the largest bank in the State outside of New York City ; 
 but the management realized that the commercial development of Twentieth Century Buffalo was bringing the 
 business interests of the city into close touch with the large financial centers of the country, where the largest and 
 strongest banks were the national banks. Accordingly, April 1, 1902, the institution so long and so favorably 
 known as the Marine Bank, became the Marine National Bank. This was rapidly followed by another progressive 
 move. May 1st the important business of the Buffalo Commercial Bank was absorbed, making an extensive addi- 
 tion to the volume and scope of the Marine's affairs. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 JOSEPH T. JONES. 
 
 Director, Manufacturers and Traders and People's Bank. Railroad President, Financier. 
 
 and Oil Operator. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 3 
 
 This was preliminary to another progressive step, taken June 17, 1902. The bank had been interested in the 
 $40,000,000 Lackawanna Iron and Steel Company's Stony Point Plant ever since that institution was contemplated. 
 In fact, J. J. Albright, one of the bank's most influential directors, had been mainly instrumental in bringing the 
 plant to Buffalo. On the date named the capital stock of the bank was increased, representatives of the company 
 becoming stockholders and some of them added to the bank's directorate, which now comprises : J. J. Albright, 
 Edmund Hayes, George L. Williams, Frank H. Goodyear, E. H. Hutchinson, Stephen M. Clement, George B. 
 Mathews, Charles H. Keep, Walter Scranton, Moses T.aylor, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Charles W. Goodyear, Wil- 
 liam H. Gratwick, Wm. Henry Hotchkiss, and f. H. Lascelles. 
 
 The officers are : President, Stephen M. Clement ; Vice-President, John J. Albright ; Cashier, John H. Las- 
 celles ; Assistant Cashiers, Henrv T- Auer and Clifford Hubbell. 
 
 The capital of the bank is $230,000, surplus $1,300,000. 
 
 The following is a condensed statement of the condition of the bank, November 25, 1902 : 
 
 RESOURCES. I.IABILITIKS. 
 
 Time Loans $4,632,990.95 Capital Stock $ 230,000.00 
 
 Call Loans, 5,273,623.91 Surplus and Profits, 1,610,182.69 
 
 Cash on hand and with Banks, . . 3,130,660.09 Circulation, 50,000.00 
 
 U. S. Government and other Bonds, 1,982,776.52 Deposits 13,382,368.78 
 
 U. S. Treasurer, 2,500.00 
 
 Banking House and Lot 250,000.00 
 
 $15,272,551.47 $15,272,551.47 
 
 THE MANUFACTURERS AND TRADERS NATIONAL B.\NK. 
 
 The Manufacturers and Traders National Bank of Buffalo, since its organization in 1856, has been regarded as 
 one of the strongest financial institutions, not only of the city but of the State. Each succeeding year of its half 
 century of existence as a State bank has seen it grow more vigorous and stable. It secured a charter as a National 
 Bank April 1, 1902, and now (January 1, 1903) h.as a capital of $1,000,000, a surplus of $1,000,000, undivided 
 profits of over $300,000, and is the strongest bank in the State of New York outside of the metropolis. 
 
 The officials of the bank are ; President Robert L. Fryer ; Vice-President, Franklin D. Locke ; Cashier, Harry 
 T. Ramsdell ; Assistant Cashiers, Samuel Ellis, Henry W. Root, Walter Aspinwall. Directors : Pascal P. Pratt, 
 Robert L. Fryer, Franklin D. Locke, William Hamlin, John J. McWilliams, Robert K. Root, Joseph T. Jones, 
 George V. Forman, Samuel Rea, Thomas De Witt Cuyler, Levi C. Weir, H. Sellers McKee, Henry Tatnall, W. 
 Caryl Ely, and Harry T. Ramsdell. 
 
 The following is a statement of the condition of the affairs of the bank, November 25, 1902 : 
 
 RESOURCES. LIABILITIES. 
 
 Loans and Discounts $ 5,589,083.96 Capital, $ 1,000,000.00 
 
 Stocks and Bonds, 1.381,480.00 Surplus and Profits 1,309,727.85 
 
 Banking House and Lot, . . . . 2.50,000.00 Circulation 50,000.00 
 
 Cash on Hand and with Banks, . 2,145,952.43 Deposits 10,006,788.54 
 
 $12,366,516.39 $12,366,516.39 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S BANK OF BUFFALO. 
 
 The People's Bank is to Twentieth Century Buffalo all that the name implies. It is a substantial banking 
 institution, doing a very extensive banking business on sensible business principles under the supervision of busi- 
 ness men who have a full knowledge of the financial requirements of their custumers. The commercial and indus- 
 trial " people" of Buffalo, through the reliable medium of the People's Bank, are enabled to conduct their bankinc 
 business promptly and effectually. It has had nearly fourteen years of steady growth and unvarying prosperity. 
 Daniel O'Day, its President until 1903, ranks high in the world of finance, his name on the directorate being a 
 guaranty of the bank's solidity. The active operations of the bank are mainly supervised by Arthur D. Bissell 
 now President, and Clarence W. Hammond, Second Vice-President and Cashier, both of whom have been associ- 
 ated in operating the bank's business since its organization. May 20, 1889. Their fellow directors are : Wilson S. 
 Bissell, of the law firm of Bissell, Carey & Cooke ; Joseph T. Jones, capitalist and oil producer ; Charles F. 
 Bishop, ex-mayor of Buffalo ; John Hughes, of the extensive live stock concern of Swope, Hughes, Waltz & Benstead ; 
 Joseph Seep, of the Standard Oil Company ; Vice-President, C. R. Huntley, Manager of the Buffalo General Electric 
 Company ; E. G. S. Miller, brewer ; and William Richardson, capitalist, a remarkably sturdy aggregation of busi- 
 ness men. Edward J. Xewell is the Assistant Cashier, and the force employed in the different departments is made 
 up of men selected for their experience and reliability. These departments in which, by the way, courtesy to the 
 public is a strictly enforced rule, include those devoted to the caring for deposits, discounting commercial paper, 
 negotiating loans, handling United States bonds, issuing travelers' and commercial letters of credit, and whatever 
 may be properly demanded by customers in the line of banking upon modern lines. The quarters of the bank 
 proper are well located and conveniently arranged. In addition, a separate room, appropriately fitted up, has been 
 provided for meetings and the transaction of business matters without impediment by the rush of affairs in the main 
 office. The time may come when the Directors may determine to remove to a more pretentious edifice, but so long 
 as the present favorable conditions exist the People's Bank will continue to do business at the old stand in Wash- 
 ington Street near Seneca. The capital stock of the bank is $300,000, and the surplus and undivided profits are 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 CLARENCE \V. HAMMOND. 
 
 Second Vice-President and Cashier. People's Bank of Buffalo. 
 Member of Clearing House Committee. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 5 
 
 $100,000. The excellent condition of the bank's affairs was emphatically demonstrated in the quarterly statement 
 made at the close of business December 4, 1902, as called for by the New York State banking department, as 
 follows : 
 
 RESOURCES. LIABILITIES. 
 
 Discount and Time Capital Stock f 300,000.00 
 
 Loans, .... .-?992,066.72 Surplus and Undivided Profits, . . 130,302.20 
 Demand Loans, . . 778,018.20 §1,770,084.92 Dividends Unpaid 19.5.00 
 
 a, , J D I on.-, cno -o Deposits 2,487,752.55 
 
 Stocks and Bonds, 322,590.72 
 
 Real Estate and Mortgages, . . . 4(5,058.97 
 
 Reserve. 
 
 Cash f 247.829 34 
 
 Cash with Banks, . . 390,085.80 
 U. S. and City of Buf- 
 falo Bonds, . . . 141,600.00 779,515.14 
 
 .$2,918,249.75 $2,918,249.75 
 
 COLUMBIA NATIONAL BANK. 
 
 The Columbia National Bank, after ten years of steady growth, it having been established May 19, 1892, has 
 attained high rank among the local banks of Buffalo and is steadily growing in favor among the business men of 
 the city. January 1, 1903, the Directors, desiring to strengthen still further its already sturdy financial standing and to 
 keep pace with its rapidly increasing business, asked the shareholders to pay into the surplus fund an amount equal 
 to the capital stock of $200,000. This was promptly and unanimously done, thus giving the bank a working cap- 
 ital of $680,000, placing the bank fourth in point of surplus on the list of local banks. An increase in the value of 
 the b.ank's shares from $115 to $350 was the natural consequence. A recent change m the board of directors 
 added materially to the strength of the institution. 
 
 The oft^cers of the bank for 1903 are : President, George F. Rand ; First Vice-President, Seymour H. Knox ; 
 Second Vice-President, William H. Granger ; Cashier, Louis H. Gethoefer ; Assistant Cashier, S. T. Nivling. 
 Directors : James Crate, Harry Vates, John D. Larkin, William H. Granger, John Cunneen, Seymour H. Knox, 
 James S. Thompson, George Wadsworth, J. Boardman Scovell, John L. Clawson, J. F. Schoelkopf, Jr., Dexter 
 P. Rumsey, and George F. Rand. 
 
 The Columbia National Bank is designated as a depository of the United States, New York State, Erie County, 
 and the City of Buffalo. 
 
 The following is the statement of the bank's affairs made November 25, 1902 : 
 
 RESOURCES. LIABILITIES. 
 
 Loans and Discounts, $1,324,43.5.79 Capital Stock, $ 200,000.00 
 
 United States Bonds, 380,000.00 Surplus Fund, 280,000.00 
 
 Other Bonds, 302,025.00 Undivided Profits 4^978.17 
 
 Cash and Due from Banks, . . . 637,117.83 Circulation, 200,000.00 
 
 Deposits, 1,958,600.45 
 
 $2,643,578.62 $2,643,578.62 
 
 BANK OF BUFFALO. 
 
 The first bank was opened in Buffalo in 1829, but did not last long. The Bank of Buffalo, which followed it, 
 began business September 6, 1831 ; but this, also, was not successful. Another establishment, in no way con- 
 nected with either of these premature pioneer ventures, but taking the name The Bank of Buffalo, has had a much 
 more favorable experience. It began business in 1873, with a capital of $300,000, and has always maintained a 
 prominent place among the financial institutions of the city. It has occupied its present handsome building, 
 erected at a cost of .$150,000, since 1894. Sherman S. Jewett was its first President, retiring in 1892, when he was 
 succeeded by John N. Scatcherd, who was followed,' in 1896, by the present incumbent, Elliott C. McDougal, 
 who had manifested his fitness by faithful and capable service as Cashier. The present Cashier is John L. Daniels, 
 and (leorge Meadway is his assistant. The Directors are : Edwin T. Evans, Henry C. Howard, Elliott C. 
 McDougal, Charles W. Pardee, Robert K. Root, Laurence D. Rumsev, John N. Scatcherd, George Urban, Jr. 
 Charles R. Williams. 
 
 The following condensed statement, made from the official report of December 4, 1902, shows the excellent 
 condition of the bank's affairs : 
 
 RESOURCES. 
 
 Loans, 
 
 Overdrafts 
 
 Cash and Bonds 
 
 Cash on Hand, $343,180.14 
 Cash with Banks, 771,500..57 
 Bonds, . . . 657,300.00 
 
 Banking House and Lot, .... 
 
 $4,475,025.79 
 
 302.96 
 
 1,771.980.71 
 
 200,000.00 
 $6,447,309.46 
 
 Capital, 
 Surplus, 
 Undivided Profits, 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 . $500,000.00 
 500,000.00 
 97,41.5.55 
 
 Deposits, 
 
 $1,097,415.55 
 5,349,893.91 
 
 $6,447,309.46 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Photo by Hall. 
 
 JOHN N. SC.ATCHERD. 
 
 Director, formerly President, of Bank of Buffalo. Director. Tfiird National Bank. Formerly President of 
 
 Merchants' Exchange. Wholesale Lumber Dealer. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURV BUFFALO. 
 
 THIRD NATIONAL BANK. 
 
 The Third National Bank, organized Februar)- 14, 1865, has maintained a steady growth, corresponding with 
 the expansion of the business interests of the city. It has always been regarded as a reliable banking institution 
 and has unfailingly retained the confidence of its customers and of the public on all occasions. The original capital 
 of §250,000 was increased to $500,000 in July, 1898. It occupied temporary quarters in the vicinity of its present 
 location, but has permanently occupied the premises on the southeast corner of Main and Swan streets since 18G8. 
 Charles A. Sweet was President of the bank for more than twenty-one years, from August 25, 1881, to October 1, 
 1902, when he resigned on account of ill health. His successor, Nathaniel Rochester, has been on the working 
 force of the bank for the same length of time, as general bookkeeper from 1881 to January 3, 1885, when he was 
 made Assistant Cashier, being rapidly promoted, January 22, 1885, to the cashier's desk. The other officials of 
 the bank are : Vice-President, Loran L. Lewis ; Cashier, George .\. Drummer ; Assistant Cashier, Ben. C. Ralph. 
 The Directors are : Spencer Clinton, Charles D. Marshall, Howard H. Baker, William B. Hoyt, George S. Josselyn, 
 John M. Satterfield, Charles M. Clarke, Robert Keating, Loran L. Lewis, Charles A. Sweet, Nathaniel Rochester, 
 John N. Scatcherd, and M. F. Windsor. 
 
 The following excellent showing was made in the official report of the condition of the bank, November 25, 
 1902 : 
 
 RESOURCES. LIABILITIES. 
 
 Loans and Discounts, §1,821,675.39 
 
 United States Bonds, 
 Stock and Other Securities, 
 
 Bonds, 
 
 Real Estate and Furniture, 
 Cash and Due from Banks, 
 U. S. Redemption Fund, . 
 Suspense Account, . 
 
 240.000.00 
 317,359.13 
 436,715,56 
 
 71,189.26 
 375,797.98 
 
 12,665.48 
 5,799.48 
 
 $2,971,319.68 
 
 Capital Stock S 500,000.00 
 
 Surplus Fund, 100,000.00 
 
 UndiWded Profits 30,760.22 
 
 National Bank Notes, 123,550.00 
 
 Deposits 2,017,784.46 
 
 Rediscounts 199.226.00 
 
 8?^ 971, 319. 68 
 
 GERMAN-AMERICAN BANK. 
 
 The German-American Bank, always a prosperous institution, was organized in May, 1882, by Henry W. Burt 
 and others. It began business on the west side of Main Street, adjoining the Western Savings Bank building, but, 
 in 1893, occupied its present excellent quarters on the southwest corner of Main and Court streets, having pur- 
 chased the property. Mr. Burt was practically its first cashier and the foster father of the institution, and on the 
 death of George Sandrock, in 1901, he was elected President, and to him the success of the bank is largely due. 
 The other officials are : Vice. President Jacob W. Diehl ; Cashier, Edward A. Weppner, who was assistant cash- 
 ier for fifteen years ; Assistant Cashier, William L. Koester. The Directors are : Henry W. Burt, Jacob W. 
 Diehl, Loran L. Lewis, Charles Greiner, Edward G. S. Miller, .\ugust Baetzhold, Michael Nellany, Joseph Kam. 
 
 The showing made in the official report, December 4, 1902, indicates the excellent condition of the business of 
 the bank. The following is a condensed statement : 
 
 RESOURCES. 
 
 Loans and Discounts, . 
 U. S. and other Bonds, 
 Banking House and Lot, 
 Other Real Estate, . . 
 Bonds and Mortgages, 
 Reserve : 
 
 Cash on Hand, . 
 Cash with Banks, 
 
 8186,338.53 
 716,149.23 
 
 938,040.69 
 ,344.890.61 
 
 1.50,000.00 
 10,570 00 
 35,8.59.20 
 
 902,487.76 
 $3,381,848.26 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Capital Stock, S 200,000.00 
 
 Surplus Fund, 130,000.00 
 
 Undivided Profits, Less Expenses 
 
 Paid, 26.958.67 
 
 Deposits, 3,024,889.59 
 
 f3, 381,848.26 
 
 GERMAN BANK. 
 
 For more than thirty years, since 1871 in fact, the German Bank has done a large and continually augmenting 
 business, especially in the interest of German-.\merican citizens. It began business in the basement of a building 
 on the southwest comer of Main and Court streets, but has occupied its present quarters in the German Insurance 
 Company's fine building, on the northeast corner of Main Street and Lafayette Square, since that structure was 
 erected in 1876. The officers of the bank are : President, Eugene A. Georger, who succeeded his father, F. A. 
 Georger, after his death, in 1898 ; Vice-President, Robert F. Schelling ; Cashier, Paul Werner. The Directors are : 
 Eugene A. Georger, John Hauenstein, Jacob Dold, Robert F. Schelling, John P. Diehl, .\dolph Machwirth. 
 
 An excellent showing was made of the condition of the bank in the official report, September 6, 1902, of which 
 the following is a condensed statement : 
 
 RESOURCES. LIABILITIES. 
 
 Loans and Discounts $4,677,040.92 Capital Stock § 100,000.00 
 
 Bonds 270,250.00 Undivided Profits 478,694.39 
 
 Bonds and Mortgages, .... 150,361.32 Deposits 5,717,296.32 
 
 Real Estate 46,870.00 
 
 Cash on Hand and in Banks, . . 1,151,468.47 
 
 $6,295,990.71 $6,295,990.71 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Hon. J.\MES .\. ROBERTS. 
 
 Financier, Second Vice-President Buffalo Loan, Trust, and Safe Deposit Co. 
 Formerly State Comptroller. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 CITIZENS BANK. 
 
 The Citizens Bank of Buffalo, chartered in 1890, with a capital of f 100,000, is one of the most substantial and 
 prosperous financial establishments of a like character in the country. The bank erected and owns its own building, 
 located on the corner of William and Sherman streets, in the heart of the great industrial eastern portion of the 
 city, adjacent to iron works, tanneries, packing houses, the stock yards, and other important manufacturing and 
 commercial institutions, with which it has extensive business relation-. The bank is fully equipped with modern 
 facilities in every department, with an efficient working force. The solidity of the bank is attested by the fact that 
 its stock commands a remarkably high rate in the money market. It has an unusually strong directorate, compris- 
 ing Christian Klinek, William F. Wendt, Jerome I. I'rentiss, Dr. D. W. Harrington, William Simon, Nathaniel 
 W. Norton, G. Fred. Zeller, Melvin Dunning, Julius Binz, Edwin Sikes, Joseph Block. The officers for 1902-1903 
 are : President, Joseph Block, a position he has filled since the bank's organization, of which he was mainly 
 responsible ; Vice-President, G. Fred. Zeller ; Cashier, Henry J. Block. An excellent showing was made by the 
 official report made December 4, 1902 : 
 
 RESOURCES. LIABILITIES. 
 
 Loans, $1,472,220.07 Capital .|i 100,000.00 
 
 Cash, Bonds, Due from Banks, . . 410.864.11 Surplus 100.000.00 
 
 Bonds, Mortgages, Real Estate, etc., 71,795.00 Undivided Profits, 70.151.03 
 
 Deposits 1,684,879.18 
 
 .fl,954,879 18 111,954,879.18 
 
 BUFFALO LOAN, TRUST, AND SAFE DEPOSIT CO. 
 
 The Buffalo Loan, Trust, and Safe Deposit Company began business January 16, 1883, and was especially 
 chartered by act of the State Legislature, May 12, 1881. It was the first safe deposit company established in the 
 city, and has always attracted a large volume of business, it being well equipped with especial facilities. It occu- 
 pies secure and convenient quarters on the ground floor of the German Insurance building, on the northeast corner 
 of Main Street and Lafayette Square. Its ofticers for 1902-03 are : President, (leorge Urban, Jr.; First Vice-Presi- 
 dent, James H. DegrafT; Second Vice-President, James .A. Roberts; Secretary, Charles E. Clark. Trustees: 
 George Urban, Jr., James A. Roberts, William C. Russell, Charles Berrick, Ambrose Spitzmiller, Edwin G. S. 
 Miller, Henry VV. Box, William Zimmerli, James H. Degraff, John Esser, Frederick Persch, Daniel O'Day, John 
 N. Scatcherd, Valentine P. Young, L. Franklin Messer, Charles E. Clark. Its fire and burgler proof vaults are in 
 charge of William J. Wolfe, formerly superintendent of police. 
 
 The official statement of the condition of the company, made Januarv 1, 1903, showed : 
 
 RESOURCES. LIABILITIES. 
 
 Cash on Hand and in Banks, . . f 734,790.07 Capital Stock $ 200,000.00 
 
 United States and Other Bonds, . 414,064.86 Due Depositors 3,069,231.09 
 
 Bonds and Mortgages 728,354.44 Dividends Unpaid, 6,231.00 
 
 Collateral Loans, 1,483,128.51 Taxes and Expenses Accrued, . . 1,875.79 
 
 Vaults 5,000.00 Undivided Profits, 88,000.00 
 
 $3,365,337.88 .$3,365,337.88 
 
 FIDELITY TRUST COMPANY. 
 
 The Fidelity Trust Company, as its name implies, is not a discount bank, but a banking institution, receiving 
 the deposits of its customers at interest, acting as custodian of various trust funds, and also as the reserve agent for 
 State banks. It was organized by George V. Forman and other prominent financiers, in 1893, beginning business 
 May 11th. It was at first known as the Fidelity Trust and Guaranty Company, but its present title was adopted 
 later, as more fitting. Since its organization it has occupied quarters on the ground floor of the Erie County Sav- 
 ings Bank building. In February, 1903, it removed to its own splendid office building on the northwest cor- 
 ner of Main and Swan streets, erected at a cost of about #750,000. The ofiicers of the company for 1902-1903 
 are : President, George V. Forman, a position he has held from the organization in 1893 ; Vice-President, George L. 
 Williams ; Second Vice-President, Robert L. Fryer ; Secretary, Edward D. Wheeler ; Assistant Secretary, Edgar 
 A. Taylor. Trustees : George L. Williams, R. K. Root, George L. Lewis, Robert W. Pomeroy, James E. Ford, 
 Pascal P. Pratt, Charles A. Sweet, George C. Greene, H. D. Kirkover, George B. Mathews, Willis O. Chapin, 
 Howard A. Forman, A. W. Morgan, Loran L. Lewis, Henry M. Watson, Joseph P. Dudley, Trueman G. Avery, 
 Robert L. Frver, Franklin D. Locke, Harry Hamlin, George C. Gordon, George V. Forman. Executive Com- 
 mittee : Franklin D. Locke, Chairman , George L. Williams, George V. Forman, Charles A. Sweet, Loran L. 
 Lewis, Henry M. Watson. 
 
 The official statement of the business of the Company, made January 1, 1903, showed : 
 
 RESOURCES. LIABILITIES. 
 
 Cash on Hand and in Banks, . . $1,250,581.70 Capital Stock $ 500,000.00 
 
 Demand Loans 2,289,359.65 Deposits, 7,784,183.00 
 
 Bonds and Mortgages 1,846,534.22 Surplus, Net Earnings 600,000.00 
 
 Other Bonds, 2,887,599.85 
 
 Real Estate (New Bank Lot j, . . 610,107.86 
 
 $8,884,183.28 $8,884,183.28 
 
10 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 ROBERT S. DONALDSON. 
 Secretary and Treasurer. Erie County Savings Bank. Thirty-iive years in service of bank. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 11 
 
 BUFFALO SAVINGS BANK. 
 
 The record of the Buffalo Savings Bank antedates by several years those of its two sister institutions, the Western 
 Savings Bank and the Erie County Savings Bank, having been organized May 9, 1846, and beginning business July 
 6, 1846, in a small room on the corner of Main and Erie streets. Since then it has enjoyed more than half a cen- 
 tury of continued prosperity and continually expanding importance. May 1, 1852, it occupied its own building on 
 the west side of Main Street, near Court Street, which, however, was destroyed by fire January 25, 1865. The next 
 home of the bank was a new- building on the northeast corner of Washington Street and Broadway, occupied from 
 May 1, 1867, to March 11. 1901, when, to meet the requirements of a greatly increased volume of business, a trans- 
 fer was made to the beautiful and commodious building now occupied, at the intersection of Main, Huron and 
 Genesee streets, erected at a cost of about .f-150,000. The officers of the bank for 1902-1903 are : President, 
 Spencer Clinton, elected in 1899 ; First Vice-President, G. Fred. Zeller ; Second Vice-President, Robert Keating ; 
 Attorney, Charles D. Marshall; Secretary, Edward G. Becker, who has been in the service of the bank for twenty- 
 one years, twelve years as receiving teller, nine years as assistant secretary and promoted to the secretaryship 
 October 6, 1902 ; Assistant Secretary, J. J. Ehrlich. Trustees : Spencer Clinton, G. Fred. Zeller, Robert Keating, 
 John P. Diehl, William H. Glenny, Josiah Letchworth, Seth S. Spencer, Edward P. Beals, Frank Georger, E. G. 
 S. Miller, George Bleistein, Charles E. Walbridge. The importance of the transactions of the bank and the 
 extent of its business is shown by the official report made January 1, 1903, a condensed statement of which showed 
 37,460 depositors : 
 
 ASSETS. LIABILITIES. 
 
 Bonds, Mortgages, Securities, Real 
 
 Estate (market value), 
 Cash on Deposit and on Hand, 
 Interest Due and Accrued, . 
 
 $20, 736.014. 70 
 
 1,070.430.02 
 
 :i35,47L32 
 
 $22,041,856.04 
 
 Due Depositors, 
 Surplus, . 
 
 $19,829,641.80 
 2,212,214.24 
 
 $22,041,856.04 
 
 WESTERN SAVINGS BANK. 
 
 For more than half a century the Western Savings Bank has been recognized as one of Buffalo's soundest finan- 
 cial institutions. Established July 31, 1851, under authority of the laws of the State, to receive and care for the 
 savings of "tradesmen, clerks, mechanics, laborers, minors, servants, and others," it has faithfully and efficiently 
 fulfilled its mission, by investing its funds in the securities provided by law, for the use, interest, and advantage of 
 its depositors. The bank opened for business August 25, 1851, on Seneca Street, near Main Street. In 18-55 the 
 bank was removed to No. 11 Genesee Street, and, in 1859, was again removed to the corner of Main and Mohawk 
 streets, where it continued until 1872. Then a final removal was made to its present quarters, northwest corner of 
 Main and Court streets, in a building which it erected and owns. The bank's record is the best record of its finan- 
 cial stability. Its ofiicers have always been honored citizens, and its working force men of the strictest integrity. 
 Its officers for 1902-1903 are : President, Albert J. Wheeler, who has served in that capacity since February 5, 
 1896 ; First Vice-President, Henry Erb ; Second Vice-President, Leonard Dodge ; .\ttorney, John W. Fisher ; 
 Secretary and Treasurer, Franklin W. H. Becker, who has been in the service of the bank since September, 1884, 
 and has filled the responsible position he now occupies since December 1, 1886. Trustees : Isaac Giershofer, 
 Henry Erb, Henry Zipp, Albert ]. Wheeler, Howard H. Baker, Charles F. Bishop, Henry E. Boiler, William 
 Hengerer, Leonard Dodge, William F. Wendt, John W. Fisher, Franklin W. H. Becker, Charles G. Worthingtun. 
 
 The official report of the condition of the bank, made January 1, 1903, is a most favorable statement. It 
 showed 8,762 depositors : 
 
 ASSETS. 
 Bonds, Mortgages, Securities, Real 
 
 Estate, $5,994,752.47 
 
 Cash on Deposit and on Hand, . . 546,974.52 
 
 Interest Due and Accrued, . . . 57,931.79 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Due Depositors, 
 Surplus, 
 
 $6,599,658.78 
 
 $6,025,801.82 
 573,856.96 
 
 $6,599,658.78 
 
 ERIE COUNTY SAVINGS BANK. 
 
 The Erie County Savings Bank will soon complete a half century of remarkable growth and prosperity, it 
 being recognized as one of the best institutions of its kind in the country. It was incorporated in 1854, beginning 
 business at the southeast corner of Main and North Division streets, but removing to the corner of Main and Erie 
 streets, now occupied by the building of the American Express Company, where it remained for many years. It 
 gained the confidence of the thrifty people of the city and its business grew amazingly. Its surplus increased in a 
 corresponding ratio, assuming such proportions that it was resolved to invest in a new building. The fine lot at the 
 junction of Main and Niagara streets, intersected by Church and Pearl streets, was purchased for |185.000 and 
 thereon was erected, at a cost of about $1,000,000, the handsome and most substantial granite structure in which 
 it now does its enormous business, with 66,073 depositors (January 1, 1903). This superb building, which has been 
 occupied by the bank since June, 1893, has also a large amount of extra office accommodation, which is always in 
 demand. The bank is there housed and equipped with the most modern appliances and facilities. Its management 
 has always been steadfastly conservative and strictly in the best interests of its depositors. Its various oificials have 
 always been men of the very highest reputation for intelligence and integrity. The officers for 1902-1903 are : 
 President, David R. Morse, in which capacity he has acted since September 4, 1899 ; First Vice-President, James 
 H. Lee ; Second Vice-President, Oliver J. Eggert ; Attorney, Henry Ware Sprague ; Secretary and Treasurer, 
 
12 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 MICHAEL NELLANY. 
 President. Homestead Savings and Loan Association. (See page 13.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 13 
 
 Robert S. Donaldson, who has been associated with the operation of the bank for thirty-five years, during nearly 
 half of which time he has held the responsible position he now most efficiently fills. Trustees : David R. .Morse, 
 .Alfred P. Wright, Charles Greiner, James H. Lee, Henry M. Watson, Oliver J. Eggert, James Sweeney, George 
 L. Williams, Dexter P. Rumsey, Robert S. Donaldson, Joseph P. Dudley, James R. .Smith, William A. Rogers, 
 G. Barrett Rich, John J. McWilliams. The leading position the bank holds among other institutions of the same 
 character may be readily inferred from the figures given in the official report, made January 1, 1903 : 
 
 ASSETS. LIABILITIES. 
 
 Bonds, Mortgages, Securities, Real Due Depositors $31.4.57,014.21 
 
 Estate, market value, . . . $31,663,449.02 Surplus, 3,269,409.27 
 
 Cash on Deposit and on Hand, . 2,692,807.02 
 
 Accrued Interest, 370,197.44 
 
 $34,726,453.48 $34,726,453.48 
 
 SECURITY SAFETY DEPOSIT COMPANY. 
 
 An area of more than 7,000 square feet of the southwest portion of the basement of the ElUcott Square office 
 building is devoted to the purposes of the Security Safety Deposit Company, the outfit of which comprises two 
 vaults for the storage of specie, currency, securities, and valuable papers, in the largest of which is ample space 
 for 6,000 individual safes, and two vaults for the storage of valuable household effects, silverware and furs, which 
 are fully protected by refrigerating methods from damage by moths or other insects. The equipment, which cost 
 over $130,000, and was eighteen months in construction, was ready for business December 1. 1900. The very 
 latest appliances for security, including a complete system of time locks have been installed. The ofiicials of the 
 company, which is capitalized at $150,000, are : President, John H. Cowing ; Vice-President, C. H. Keep ; 
 Treasurer, George R. Teller. Directors : Wilson S. Bissell, J. H. Cowing, William Endicott, Jr., William H. 
 Goodwin, Charles W. Goodyear, William H. Gratwick, Charles H. Keep, Henry J. Pierce, Jacob F. Schoelkopf, 
 Jr., Carleton Sprague, George R. Teller, Charles R. Teller, and Frederick Truscott, who is Secretary of the com- 
 pany and Manager of the business, having occupied that position from the outset. 
 
 INSTITUTE OF BANK CLERKS. 
 
 The officers of the Buffalo Chapter of the .\merican Institute of Bank Clerks for 1903 are : President, Ralph 
 Croy, Bank of Buffalo ; Vice-President, M. S. Hall, 2d, Fidelity Trust Co. ; Secretary, L. L. Williams, Manufac- 
 turers and Traders National Bank ; Treasurer, A. J. Duerr, Bank of Buffalo. 
 
 THE HOMESTEAD SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Most beneficent institutions to the wage earner and others in moderate circumstances are well organized and dis- 
 creetly managed local savings and loan associations, as distinguished from so-called national associations, organized 
 principally for the purpose of providing large salaries for officers and agents and collecting large revenues, a very 
 considerable per centage of which is required to pay those salaries and to meet the heavy expenses of fine offices, 
 elaborate advertising, etc. The "locals," on the other hand, are managed on strictly cooperative principles, and 
 only a very inconsiderable portion of the receipts is devoted to any other purpose than that of assisting members, 
 the expenses being reduced to a minimum. A model of this kind is the '* Homestead " of Buffalo, organized nearly 
 twenty years ago. The thirty-seventh annual report of this admirable association, issued June 30, 1902, tells a 
 wonderful story of thrift, careful management, and most gratifying results. On that date 42,422 shares were in 
 force. The assets amounted to over $600,000, of which about nearly .$500,000 was represented by loans on first 
 mortgages of the most unquestionable character. In fact, the securities held by the association are in the very highest 
 degree "first class," on approved real estate only. The operations of the association have enabled hundreds of share- 
 holders to secure homes and to pay for the same in a remarkably short time and at a cost approximately the same as 
 that of ordinary rental. The running expenses of the association are nominal, the report showing that out of a 
 total disbursement of $238,822.26 only $2,380.54 was paid oiit " for rent, salaries, and sundries." The associations 
 of the Homestead type afford a most convenient and absolutely secure method of aggregating small savings, and they 
 enable their shareholders to own their own homes on a very simple and strictly equitable cooperative plan. The 
 list of directors of the "Homestead" is made up of fifteen most reputable and responsible citizens, among them 
 Postmaster, Fred Greiner ; County Treasurer, W. H. Daniels ; and George Troup, Superintendent of Forest 
 Lawn Cemetery. The officers are : W. H. Daniels, Treasurer ; Charles H. Rodgers, Secretary ; Frank Hammond, 
 Vice-President; and Michael Nellany, President. Mr. Nellany's high standing in the community and the multi- 
 plicity of his business interests especially fit him for this office. It brings him no financial recompense, but he finds 
 his reward in the honor attached to the position and the satisfaction he gathers from the knowledge he has of the 
 great practical good accruing to many of his fellow citizens from the operations of the association. 
 
14 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURV BUFFALO. 
 
 A. J. WRIGHT. 
 Member of the New York Stock Exchange — Stocks. Bonds. Grain, and other securities. (See page 17.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 15 
 
 E. O. McNAIR. 
 Banking. In\estments. Stocks. Securities. (See page 17.) 
 
16 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 H. ST. CLAIR DENNY. 
 High Class Investments, Stocks. Securities. {See page 17.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 17 
 
 INVESTMENTS. 
 
 One of the most important facts in connection with the increasing favor with which Twentieth Century Buffalo 
 is regarded by outsiders is the high repute of her bonds in the investment market, and the high premium rates at 
 which they are eagerly bought by investors in municipal securities. Her Grade Crossing and School bonds are 
 very rarely sold to foreign purchasers, the local savings banks being large buyers at better rates than rule even in 
 cities like New York, Boston, or Philadelphia. Any issue of bonds backed by the municipality are considered the 
 most solid of investments, " gilt edge," in fact, and consequently the credit of Buffalo is as good as that of any city 
 in the United States. 
 
 In the line of investments Buffalo itself is very cautious. There is abundant money always ready to promote 
 local interests, tut a decided conservatism is manifest when it comes to floating schemes which savor of speculation 
 or which belong to what is known as the Industrial Class. 
 
 Many cities go wild over speculative investments, such as mining stocks, and the stock of western and foreign 
 corporations, big and little, but capital in Buffalo shows little liking for these lines and it is with difficulty, except 
 in especially meritorious instances, that they can be floated here. There is, on the contrary, a decided preference 
 for local securities, a condition which indicates a staunch faith in the city and a confidence in her stability. As a 
 result, there is no city in the United States that exceeds Buffalo in possibilities for future growth and prosperity. 
 
 The majority of her securities, municipal or manufacturing, are held at home, and in the few exceptions where 
 they are held abroad they are being rapidly bought up by local capitalists and investors. As an instance, the bulk 
 of the $40,000,000 invested in the Lackawanna Steel Company's mammoth plant at Stony Point, the largest in the 
 world, is held in Buflfalo. The stock of the International Traction Company, although controlled by foreign capi- 
 tal, is a favorite with local investors and is being bought largely here. The same is true of the stock of the 
 Niagara Falls Power and Conduit Company. 
 
 Buffalo's spirit of conservatism is due to sad experience. The financial crash of 1836-37, precipitated by Presi- 
 dent Jackson and hastened and magnified locally by the downfall of Benjamin Rathburn, was a severe lesson, which 
 was still further impressed on the business men of Buffalo by the panic of 1857. Again, in 1873, the well remem- 
 bered financial panic which marked the close of the reign of prosperity immediately following the Civil War, gave 
 another blow to any speculative spirit that may have existed. These adverse experiences had much to do with the 
 creating of this conservatism. Another factor contributing to these conditions is the large German-American popu- 
 lation, which, as a rule, manifests a marked conservatism. A large amount of capital is held by this class of citi- 
 zens, amassed by hard work, thrift, saving, and careful investments, and for them speculation has no attraction. 
 
 The result of this care in selecting avenues for investment has been that, while there are few phenomenally rich 
 men in Buffalo, the list of those who rank above the million mark is quite a large one, and the percentage of busi- 
 ness failures is smaller than in any other city of its size in the United States. 
 
 There are in Buffalo several firms and individuals, confining themselves to the legitimate sale of high-grade 
 investment securities, holding high rank in the financial world and enjoying the confidence of investors in gilt- 
 edge stocks. 
 
 A. J. WRIGHT. 
 
 The only member of the great New York Stock Exchange living in Buffalo is Albert J. Wright, manager of the 
 important financial firm of Ladenburg, Thalman & Co., whose oftices are at 36-38 Erie County Savings Bank 
 Building, and who is recognized as one of the most experienced and reliable stock market operators in the State. 
 
 H. ST. CLAIR DENNY. 
 
 H. St. Clair Denny, whose offices are at 548 EUicott Street, operates extensively in stocks and bonds of recog- 
 nized corporations, having a large clientage, by whom his excellent judgment is thoroughly recognized. Mr. Denny 
 has had a long experience and enjoys exceptional advantages in his especial line of investment. 
 
 E. O. McNAIR. 
 
 f the leading representatives of this line of business, is the senior member of the firm of 
 ny, of which William M. Tenney is the junior member, doing business in handsome offices 
 
 E. O. McNair, one of t 
 E. O. McNair & Company, 
 
 at No. 203 EUicott Square. Mr. McNair has been engaged in banking and the handling of investment securities 
 for the past thirty years, and there is no man in the line who has a wider experience or who enjoys a higher repu- 
 tation for sterling integrity and a thorough knowledge of every detail connected with the markets. He is a repre- 
 sentative citizen of Twentieth Century Buffalo. 
 
18 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 JOHN H. SMITH. 
 Manager, Dun's Mercantile Agency. (See page 25.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 19 
 
 JOHN H. CASLER. 
 Presidert, Grace Mining Company, Limited. (See page 21.) 
 
20 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 WILLIAM H. WARHUS. 
 Secretary, Grace Mining Company, Limited. (See page 21. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 21 
 
 JOSEPH E. GAVIN. 
 
 General business aptitude and the experience gained while Comptroller of the City of Buffalo have placed 
 Joseph E. Gavin in the front rank of local financiers. He has established an extensive brokerage business and 
 handles for a high-class clientage the very highest grade of securities, especially the bonds of various municipali- 
 ties. The bonds he offers are mostly held by discount banks, savings banks, insurance companies, and executors 
 of estates. His careful methods have gained for him a most enviable reputation among investors. His offices are 
 at 24 West Swan Street. 
 
 BONDS AND BONDING. 
 
 In the conduct of business affairs, bonds of various kinds are a necessity. There are the bonds given by 
 municipalities and corporations guaranteeing the payment at stated periods of principal and interest on moneys 
 advanced for different purposes, and there are bonds required to guarantee the fidelity or responsibility of employees, 
 or for the fulfillment of contracts. Among the most experienced and reliable bond agents in Buffalo is the firm of 
 Walsh, Steele & Co., of which Edward F. Walsh and John F. Steele are the active members. This reputable con- 
 cern buys and sells high-class financial securities, and also represents the well-known United States Fidelity and 
 Guaranty Company of Baltimore, Md. , which company bonds officers and employees of financial institutions, fra- 
 ternal societies, manufacturers, corporations, and others requiring this kind of security. The firm has full power 
 of aitomev to execute bonds of every description immediately on application. It has convenient and well-appointed 
 offices at 29, 30, and 31 White Building. 
 
 NEAR-BV GOLD FIELDS. 
 
 The experience gained by those interested in gold mining during the past few years has been productive of most 
 favorable results, both in the line of improvements and economies in producing and marketing the ores and in the 
 manipulation of the financial operations which are an initial necessity to mining enterprises. Comparatively few 
 people in Twentieth Century Buffalo are aware of the importance of this city as a center for the exploitation of rich 
 enterprises, especially those which have for their field of operation the vast mineral empire which begins almost at 
 our very doors. The marvelous mineral wealth of Canada, the extent of which is as yet only faintly comprehended 
 by the general public, is attracting great attention from practical miners in all parts of the world, and the most 
 eminent authorities predict that, in the near future, Canada will rank with California, British Columbia, and the 
 Klondike as one of the great gold-producing centers of the world. The officials of the United States Government 
 have assayed many samples of Canadian ore and have pronounced the quartz of the most valuable character. 
 Reliable information as to the true character of any particular mining territory is readily obtainable and the inter- 
 ests of judicious investors are now safeguarded under the present system in many ways not considered in former 
 times of reckless mining speculation. Consequently, there is far less skepticism than formerly in regard to mining 
 enterprises, and the unjust condemnation of mining prospects without fair enquiry and exploitation is a rare occur- 
 ence in these more enlightened times. 
 
 .\mong the many enterprises of which Buffalo is the controlling center, the following is selected as worthy of 
 further investigation : 
 
 EAGLE LAKE REGION. 
 
 .\n important undeveloped region extends along the north shore of Lake Superior, on the line of the Canadian 
 Pacific Railway, with Eagle Lake as a center. This region is most favorable to the prospector and miner, for the 
 reason that glacial action has laid bare the solid rock formation, rendering the work of getting the ore compara- 
 tively easy, with an unfailing supply of water, unlimited timber for building and fuel, and cheap labor easily pro- 
 curable, and with admirable transportation facilities. The ore is almost entirely free milling, making this region 
 preeminently the poor man's mining country of the world. Eagle Lake was brought into mineral prominence but 
 a short time ago, when vast deposits of nuggety ore, rich in the yellow metal, were discovered on the claim owned 
 by John H. Casler of Buffalo. Samples of this ore were sent to the Government Assay Office and astonishing 
 returns were made, showing a yield as high as $4,000 a ton. Realizing the value of his claim, Mr. Casler at once 
 formed the Grace Mining Company, Limited, for the purpose of developing this wonderful territory, incorporated 
 under the Ontario Mining Companies Incorporation Act, with a capital stock of 1,000,000 shares of the par value 
 of $1 each. The company has offices at Ridgeway, Ont., and at 578 Ellicott Square, this city. The officers are : 
 President, John H. Casler; Vice-President, B. Franklin Raze; Secretary, William H. Warhus. (Seepages 18and20.) 
 
2'^ 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 GEORGE A. SANBORN, 
 
 President. PaK^ce Gold and Copper Company. (See page 2-3.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURV KUFFALO. 23 
 
 ARIZONA MINES. 
 
 Arizona in recent years has come into great prominence as a golii-producing State. The report of the United 
 States Treasurer for 1901 said that "the greatest relative increase in gold production, amounting to sixty-three per 
 cent., is noticed in Arizona." In Buffalo, as at other important investment points, Arizona mining properties are 
 attracting especial attention among investors. 
 
 Concerning the "Vast Possibilities of Arizona Fields," the H^-sltrii Trade yoiiriia/ recently said editorially : 
 
 Arizona has been clearly marked out by nature to become the world's greatest and most profitable mining 
 section. It was as a mining country that the territory first achieved prominence, and as such it is now fast forging 
 ahead towards first place as the leading State in the production of gold and copper, not to speak of silver and a 
 long and varied list of other metals. 
 
 \\ ith the mineral wealth of Arizona inmeasurable, those interested can reasonably expect that the careful 
 expenditure of every dollar in mine development should be returned from ten to twenty fold, and in many cases in 
 this section the proportion of mcrease has been much greater. And the average Arizona company of repute (for 
 there are those of no repute) are ready to be a protection to investors in behalf of honest and legitimate mining. 
 .\5 a much-cited increase in value and production, albeit an exceptional one, it may be said that the world famous 
 United Verde Mine at Jerome, Vavapai County, twenty miles from Prescott, the greatest producer in the greatest gold 
 and copper producing district in the world, about seventeen years ago was sold for less than $30,000, and it is now 
 producing many millions worth of copper, gold, and silver every year, while $200,000,000 would be considrered a 
 low value of it, estimated by its annual production. 
 
 The IVfstcrn Trade Journal has had occasion recently to speak in favorable terms of several of the .\rizona 
 mining companies, and to recommend the stocks of those companies as safe and profitable investments. It is, 
 therefore, a satisfaction to be able to add one more promising .\rizona Mining Company to the list of reliable 
 corporations. We refer to The Palace Gold and Copper Company, capital stock $3,000,000, par value of shares 
 $1.00 each, fully paid and non-assessable. Incorporated under the laws of Arizona. This company has secured 
 a very broad and valuable perpetual charter. The holdings of the company consist of the following properties : The 
 Gold Hill, Gold Standard, Sunlight, Songbird, Ruth, Ola, Nina, Lutia, Biglow, Carbonate Queen, Umpire, South Tip 
 Top, Christy, Ruby, Scarlet, and Union mines. All are in Maricopa and Vavapia counties, Arizona, in the rich 
 mineral zone, in which also is located the United Verde, the richest mine in the world ; the Congress Mine, which 
 has produced $6,000,000 in gold ; and the famous Vulture Mine, with a production of over $13,000,000 in gold. 
 The Palace Company is in a very rich mineral field, surrounded by producing mines. The stock of this company 
 is backed by sixteen valuable mining properties of free-milling gold ore, copper, silver, and lead, with good 
 shipping facilities and water supply. It now offers for sale a limited amount of full paid, non-assessable stock 
 (par value of $1.00 each) for twenty-five cents per share, in order to provide additional funds to construct mills 
 and get to producing bullion, and lor other purposes of the company. The Palace Gold and Copper Company is 
 the parent company, and a person holding stock in it holds an interest in any and all of its properties, and in every 
 sub-company which may later be started. A quarter of a million dollars' worth of ore is now opened up in the 
 mines of this company, including the value of ore on the dumps ready for the mill. 
 
 The Board of Directors of The Palace (jold and Copper Company comprises Hon. Charles F. Ainsworth, 
 ex-Attorney General of Arizona, and President of The Home Savings and Trust Company, Phoenix, Arizona ; 
 Colonel Wm. Christy, President of the Valley Bank, Phoenix, .Arizona; Dr. W. H. Ward, Superintendent Terri- 
 torial .Asylum, Phoenix, Arizona ; C. M. Clark, President of the Goodrich Exploration and Development Company, 
 Phoenix, Arizona ; D. Ainsworth, a prominent Mining Engineer of Phoenix, Arizona ; Hon. T. T. Powers, Speaker 
 of the Territorial House of Representatives, and President of the .^cme Smelting and Refining Company, Phoenix, 
 -Arizona ; Geo. A. Sanborn, financiering and mining, Buffalo, N. Y. ; Edward Appleyard, Superintendent Wm. 
 Broadhead &: Sons, Worsted Mills, Jamestown, N. V.; Dr. C. H. Twinn, Physician, Akron, N. Y.; Charles K. 
 Mmor, for many years Paymaster and General Agent P'alls Brook R. R. Co., Buffalo, N. Y. ; Ernest W. Clement, 
 Buffalo, N. v.. Secretary of the Majestic Gold and Copper Company of Arizona ; H. C. Covell, former New York 
 Stale Bank Examiner, Buffalo, N. Y. ; Burdette E. Strong, President of the Strong Veneer Company, Gerry, N. Y. ; 
 Dr. C. H. W. Auel, Physican and Surgeon, Buffalo, N. Y. ; and C. E. Cobb, Lumber Manufacturer, and President 
 of the Sherman Electric Light Works, Sherman, N. Y. 
 
 In mining enterprises the investors must rely upon the reports of the engineers as to the properties, and the 
 reputation and the character of the officers and directors of the mining company as to the honest handling of the 
 funds in a legitimate manner for the benefit of the stockholders. Now is the time to secure stock while it may be 
 had for 25 cents per share, as only a very limited number of shares of the parent company will be offered the public. 
 This will be a big dividend payer. 
 
 Address all communications, and for such particulars as this free and unsolicited editorial fails to make plain, to 
 Geo. A. Sanborn, President of The Palace Gold and Copper Company, 1104 5 Morgan Building, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 In a report of his visit and inspection of this property, A. P. Bevier, of Elmira, N. Y., the well-known 
 mining engineer and expert, said : All these claims are well mineralized and show copper and gold. The Sun- 
 light, Songbird, and Ruth make a fine showing for the amount of development done and, without doubt, will 
 make a good paying investment. Gold Hill and Gold Standarci show for themselves, and should open up good 
 paying mines. 
 
24 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 HENRY J. WILKES. 
 President, American Warehousing Company. (See page 25.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 25 
 
 AMERICAN WAREHOUSING COMPANY. 
 
 The system of warehousing merchandise of various kinds, introduced into Buffalo recently by the American 
 Company, commends itself emphatically to business men, because of the manifest advantages offered, especially 
 because the goods " warehoused " under the plan do not lose their productive value in a financial sense, as is the 
 case with ordinary storage. The company issues its warehouse receipts for all kinds of marketable goods, raw or 
 manufactured, wherever located, and these receipts are negotiable documents, recognized as of collateral value for 
 financial purposes, commanding the lowest rate of interest when offered as loan securities. Further, the holders 
 are often enabled to make sales by afTording storage pending shipment, saving cartage and storage elsewhere and 
 also avoiding extra expense for insurance. Sales can also be discounted pending shipment of goods, and goods can 
 be promptly delivered whenever a release is desired. The system is applicable to almost every line of business, 
 and contracts for warehousing are only made for such time as may be desired. The general offices of this company 
 are at 820 Prudential Building. The officers are : President, Henry J. Wilkes ; Treasurer, Nathaniel Rochester ; 
 Secretary, O. G. Spann. 
 
 DUNS MERCANTILE AGENCY. 
 
 The Buffalo department of the Mercantile Agency of R. G. Dun & Co. is one of the substantial and indispens- 
 able commercial institutions of the city, controlling not only the extensive local business, but having supervision over 
 a large territory along the northern tier of Pennsylvania and the southern tier of New York State, with sub-agencies 
 at Rochester, Syracuse, Binghamton, Elmira, and Utica, N. Y., and at Erie, Pa. The agency was first established 
 in Buffalo by John H. Smith, who is still the manager here, in 1866, beginning business in the Spaulding Exchange, 
 Main Street and the Terrace. It was removed a few years later to rooms in the Washington Block, in the building 
 now occupied by the Buffalo Express. In 1879 it was transferred to the Chapin Block on Swan Street, where it 
 remained until its present quarters, the Dun Building, on the corner of Swan, Pearl, and Erie streets, were com- 
 pleted in 1894. The Dun Company has an interest In this building, but its principal owner is John R. Smith, 
 their representative, who has built up the business in this section to its present vast proportions. The agency furnishes 
 its subscribers reliable business information, protecting them in many ways, determining credit, publishing compre- 
 hensive trade reports, and making collections in a thoroughly systematic and effective manner. 
 
 BRADSTREETS. 
 
 The business interests of Buffalo and its tributary territory could not be satisfactorily sustained without the aid 
 of commercial credit auxiliaries, of which Bradstreets is the oldest and financially the strongest organization of its 
 kind in this country. The Bradstreet business was established in New York City in 1849, and during the more 
 than half a century of existence its operations have attained to prodigious proportions and are of incalculable value 
 to business men. It provides an efficient and prompt system of mercantile reports and is regarded as an authority 
 in all matters relating to commercial credit. The Buffalo branch, after it was established, was located from 
 time to time in different parts of the city, until the completion of the Ellicott Square building in 1896, when it 
 made its headquarters in room No. 516. April 1, 1897, Major Robert M. Harding was appointed manager 
 of the Buffalo office, where he still remains in charge, having control of a very large and important district, com- 
 prising Erie, Niagara, Chautauqua, and Cattaraugus counties in New York State ; and Erie, Crawford, Warren, 
 and McKean counties in Pennsylvania. In addition to mercantile reports, the Bradstreet publishes most valuable 
 books of reference, issues letters of introduction to its subscribers, assisting them also in the recovery of debts, but 
 does not undertake regular collections. Bradstreet's Weekly Journal of Trade, Finance, and Public Economy is rec- 
 ognized as a standard publication in its class. 
 
26 
 
 t\vextif;th century buffalo. 
 
 JOHN R. MOYNIHAN. 
 
 Representing Security Wareliousing Company of New York. Member of 
 Buffalo Civil Service Commission. (See page '^.] 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 27 
 
 H. \V. CRABBS MERCANTILE AGENCY. 
 
 H. W. Crabbs has established a well-organized and reliable Mercantile Agency, with central offices at 468 Elli- 
 cott Square, providing an efficient service available throughout the world. The business entrusted to this agency 
 is absolutely safe, as its representatives are under ample bonds of the National Surety Company. Only the legiti- 
 mate commercial claims of reputable manufacturers, wholesalers, and banks are handled, and the methods employed 
 by the agency in making collections are entirely businesslike and have proven eminently satisfactory. They 
 include an effective tracer plan and an interchange of ledger experiences. Fred J. Blackmon is the counsel of the 
 agency. The collection department is well equipped, reaching results that have proved very satisfactory to 
 subscribers. 
 
 GUARANTEED STORAGE SYSTEM. 
 
 Tne Security Warehousing Company of New York, formerly the Merchants and Manufacturers Warehousing 
 Company, is represented in Buffalo by John R. Moynihan, one of the Civil Service Commissioners of the city, as 
 District Manager for the territory comprising New York, Pennsylvania, Canada, the chain of lakes, and the iron 
 ore and lumber regions of Michigan and Wisconsin. The company issues guaranteed storage warrants upon mer- 
 chandise for which loans have been made, which warrants are cash assets for collateral purposes, negotiable and 
 transferable, thus making them available for the sale and exchange of raw or manufactured products. By the com- 
 pany's system the manufacturer can dispose of his property and still hold it in warehouse at its place of manu- 
 facture, thus saving storage, cartage, damage in handling, etc. The manufacturer, producer, dealer or owner, who 
 wishes to use his capital, applies for a loan, the Warehousing Company inspects the goods, raw or manufactured, 
 and determines their quality and quantity, which form a basis for the loan. A lease of the premises on which these 
 products are stored is then taken by the company, and such premises become the Warehousing Company's ware- 
 house. Guaranteed storage warrants are then issued to the owner, on which he can secure a sum equivalent to the 
 value of the goods, less a certain percentage, which is held to provide for market fluctuations in the particular com- 
 modity. These storage warrants are registered with and guaranteed by the National Surety Company, and are 
 negotiable at any bank in the United States. Should the owner desire to sell or withdraw any part of the goods 
 from the warehouse, he presents his check for the amount required to the holder of the warehouse receipt, and the 
 goods are shipped, subject to his order, without delay. Associated with Mr. Moynihan in the business of the dis- 
 trict office, which is located at 47 and 49 Pearl Street, is Robert B. Fuller, who is thoroughly familiar with the 
 details of this especial business. 
 
 REAL ESTATE. 
 
 Legitimate transactions in real estate are reliable indicators of general commercial condi- 
 tions. Real estate approaches nearer the security of a government or municipal bond than any 
 other form of investment, and ordinarily yields about twice the income. In one case the real 
 estate is owned and in the other real estate is the basis of security. Then, too, real estate 
 values appro.Kimately increase in the same rates as the population. With the rapid increase of 
 population in Buffalo there has been a corresponding increase in real estate values, more or less, 
 according to special local conditions. The various influences which have aided, and are now 
 contributing to, the growth of the city and to the expansions of her industrial and commercial 
 interests are plainly set forth in appropriate departments of this edition of Twentieth Century 
 Buffalo, including the recognition of their advantages of location, etc., by outside capitalists, 
 and the e.xtensive advertising resulting from tlie Pan-American Exposition. A conservative 
 estimate places the real estate transactions in Buffalo during the year 1902 at 825,000.000. That 
 real estate values consequently will materially increase is better realized, perhaps, abroad than at 
 
28 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 J. THOMAS HARP. 
 Real Estate firm of J. Thomas Harp & Son. Alderman 25tli Ward. (See Page 39.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURV BUFFALO. 29 
 
 home. An outside investor to the extent of $300,000 in Main Street property was quoted as 
 saying, " I am satisfied Buffalo has a great future. It is one of the best cities in the country in 
 which to buy real estate as an investment." A well-known real estate authority was recently 
 quoted, in the Toledo Blade, as saying : 
 
 " The main obstruction to local buying is the feeling of the citizen that he should be able 
 to secure property at the .same price that it was offered him three or four years ago, and he is 
 unable to pay what the owner asks because it happens to be an advance on those figures. But 
 the outside buyer comes in, seizes the opportunity, and nine times out of ten the foreign buyer 
 gets the best, because he is not hampered. The City of Buffalo affords the best illustration of the 
 truth of what I have said on this point. Outsiders have bought nine-tenths of the desirable prop- 
 erty which came on the market of their city right under the eyes of the conservative capitalists, 
 who permitted it to slip away from them simply because they did not admit its positive value." 
 
 The disasters which resulted from the speculative period in Buffalo, 1888 to 1893, are being 
 forgotten and their ill effects are rapidly passing away, giving place to a healthier and more 
 steadfast condition of affairs. There is a decided renewal of real estate activity in Buffalo, with 
 very few feverish symptoms. The "speculation" in real estate is cold blooded business, and 
 the building operations are strictly upon business principles, chiefly as the result of the cool 
 judgment of outsiders who have calmly looked over all the conditions. Buffalo people will in 
 time realize what these outsiders have already become cognizant of — namely, that Buffalo's 
 manifold advantages will in the near future command for her vastly increased importance in all 
 branches of commercial and industrial enterprise. Her charms as a residential center are already 
 so well known as to need but occasional reiteration. 
 
 As heretofore intimated, especial conditions have given an especial impetus to real estate 
 values in certain localities ; although, of course, the values of property centrally located for 
 business purposes have had a steady and uniform upgrowth. 
 
 Perhaps the most marked improvement and the most active operations in real estate affairs 
 in Buffalo during 1902 have been those in the south and southeastern portions of the city, due 
 in a large measure to the mammoth enterprises of the Lackawanna Steel Company, the Susque- 
 hanna Iron Company, and other great industrial concerns in South Buffalo and vicinity ; but 
 also, in some little degree, to the grade-crossing improvements, described elsewhere in this 
 edition of Twentieth Century Buffalo, to the beautifying of the public park system in that 
 section, and to the marked increase in residential accommodations, paving streets, car communi- 
 cations and other facilities. The improvements of the Buffalo River, soon to be made by the 
 city, and the completion of the Breakwater by the Steel Company, will afford miles of dock 
 frontage and hundred of acres of land for business purposes. 
 
 In the business section of the city a number of big transfers of property were made in 1902, and on all the main 
 streets business blocl<s were being erected, remodeled, and enlarged, a guarantee of increased business activity. 
 
 Among the prominent real estate men of Twentieth Century BuiTalo is J. Thomas Harp, whose office is located 
 at Nos. 309-311 Mooney-Brisbane building. Mr. Harp not only handles a large amount of improved and unim- 
 proved property in the north and east sections of the city, but is an extensive owner. He is a native of Macon 
 County, Mo., where he spent the first eighteen years of his life on his father's farm. He came to Buffalo about 
 twenty-six years ago, entering the employ of the Pratt & Letchworth Company, remaining about eleven years, when 
 he started in the real estate and insurance business, achieving phenomenal success. He is the representative of the 
 25th Ward in the Board of Aldermen, where he has^made an enviable reputation for his ability, sterling honesty, and 
 faithfulness to duty, and his progressive, practical methods. Mr. Harp is an enthusiastic horseman and owns sev- 
 eral speedy thoroughbreds. He is also a large breeder of Belgian hares and Angora cats, the Erie County Rabbitry, 
 operated by his sons, being one of the best known in the United States, its products proving prize winners where- 
 ever exhibited. 
 
 Among others who have given the subject of real estate values and local development consideration, none have 
 studied the situation more carefully than W. H. Johnson, always a pioneer in matters pertaining to the develop- 
 ment of the Niagara Frontier. He is a firm believer in the great industrial destiny of Buffalo. He is an encyclo- 
 psdia of information as to Buffalo's facilities, and has collected a marvelous array of statistics, regarding which he 
 is always ready to be consulted at his office, 215 Mutual Life building. 
 
 Another citizen of the same class is George T. Robinson, who is especially interested in the growth of South 
 Buffalo and the environs of the Lackawanna Steel Company's mammoth plant. Mr. Robinson has offices in the 
 Erie County Savings Bank Building. 
 
30 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 SEYMOUR P. WHITE. 
 Investments and Real Estate, 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY RL'FFAEO. 
 
 31 
 
 DUANE E. BELDEN. 
 Niagara Falls Real Estate and Investments. (See page 35.) 
 
32 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 \V. H. JOHNSON. 
 Real Estate and Investments. (See page 2!'.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 33 
 
 GEORGE T. ROBINSON. 
 South Buflalo and General Real Estate and Investments. (See page 2!1.) 
 
34 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 ALFRED H. AIRD. 
 Western New Vork Manager, New York Life Insurance Company. (See page 35.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 35 
 
 BUFFALO AND NIAGARA FALLS. 
 
 The proximity of Buffalo to Niagara Falls and the great industrial progress of both localities give promise of a 
 very close community of commercial interests. Keen observers confidently predict that before the first half of the 
 twentieth century is completed a gigantic industrial city will occupy the entire Niagara Frontier, which is but 
 little greater in extent than the territory now covered by the City of Chicago and its recently annexed suburbs. Be 
 that as it may, it is certain that Twentieth Century Buffalo is to a very large extent indebted to the wonderful elec- 
 trical developments at the Falls, referred to in detail elsewhere, for her present manufacturing activity and general 
 business prosperity. The growth of the City of Niagara Falls itself during the past decade has been even more 
 phenomenal than that of Buffalo, and as a community the improvement and development in many ways have been 
 most remarkable. The city has, of course, benefited immensely by the electrical developments, m which $32,000,000 
 are invested, and which have so far resulted in the production of 85,000 horse power, with 300,000 horse power 
 under construction and 500,000 horse power projected, making her truly the electrical focus of the civilized world, 
 and, consequently, the probable industrial center of America, over forty millions of dollars being already invested 
 in manufacturing enterprises there, of which electricity is the essential element, the products of which already 
 exceed f'25,000,000 per annum. It follows, therefore, that it is a city where investments in real estate can be made 
 with absolute safety and with certain profitable results, both for manufacturing and residential purposes. In addi- 
 tion to its inexhaustible electrical power resources, the City of Niagara Falls has all the requisites for a modern 
 commercial city, and is certain to attract judicious investors. These, of course, desire reliable information on the 
 subject. Among others who have long been ardent believers in the future greatness of Niagara Falls, and who 
 have been alert observers of the improving conditions, none have been more careful students and none are more 
 competent to give information and advice as to investments than Duane E. Belden, who, while his heart may be 
 said to be at Niagara Falls, has his office in Buffalo, in the Mooney-Brisbane building. In all matters relating to 
 Niagara Falls, Twentieth Century Buff.\lo heartily commends its readers to Mr. Belden. 
 
 INSURANCE. 
 
 Twentieth Century Buffalo offers a wide field for the operation of the various lines of legiti- 
 mate insurance business, although it is not an insurance center in the sense that it is the head- 
 quarters of the home offices of many important insurance corporations. For 1901, Buffalo stood 
 tenth in the list of leading cities in life insurance payments, the total paid for the year being 
 $1,792,504. Among Buffalo citizens reported as carrying large amounts of life insurance in 
 1902 were the following: 
 
 C. Lee Abell, 550,000 ; Herbert P. Bissell, $100,000 ; Wilson S. Bissell, $50,000 ; Whitney G. Case, $50,000; 
 S. M. Clement, $55,000 ; Spencer Clinton, $100,000; ]. H. Costello, $50,000; Alex Curtiss, $100,000; M. M. 
 Drake, $100,000 ; G. Bliss, $60,000 ; H. Exstein, $lll",000 ; George V. Forman, $516,400 ; Howard A. Forman, 
 $60,000; H. C. French, $125,000; W. H. Gratwick, Jr., $50,000; C. Goodyear, $85,200; Frank H. Goodyear, 
 $65,000 ; C. W. Hammond, $50,000 ; Richard Hammond, $50,000 ; Charles Hayes, $75,000 ; Edmund Hayes, 
 $75,000; A. E. Hedstrom, $100,000; William Hengerer, $150,000; H. H. Hewitt, $150,000; A. W. Hickman, 
 $50,000; Nelson Holland, $100,000; C. D. Howard, $125,000; George R. Howard, $1.50,000; W. B. Hoyt, 
 $100,000 ; Joseph M. Kertz, $66,000; C. Klinck, $65,000; S. H. Knox, $50,000; F. C. M. Lautz, $50,000; 
 Andrew Laiigdon, $100,000; Franklin D. Locke, $100,000; Frank S. McGraw, $80,000; L. E. McKinnon, 
 $108,000; E. O. McNair, $50,000; J. J. McWilliams, $100,000; Matthew D. Mann. $100,000 ; Truman J. 
 Martin, $150,000; Joseph B. Mayer,' $50,000 ; Joseph Metz, $50,000; Edward Michael, $125,000; James 
 Mooney, $56,000; Charles W. Pardee, $50,000; H. J. Pierce, $100,000; P. P. Pratt, $6.5,000; I. W. Putnam, 
 $50,000 ; F. B. Robins, $200,000 ; George P. Sawyer, $75,000 ; Carlton M. Smith, $50,000 ; James R. Smith, 
 $125,000; T. Guilford Smith, $82,000; George Sowerby, $50,000; C. A. Sweet. $100,000 ; George Urban, Jr., 
 $100,000; W. C. Warner, $110,000; Edward Webster, $50,000; G. T. Williams, $50,000; A. J. Wright, 
 $75,000; Henry Yates, $220,000. 
 
 All the principal life insurance companies are represented by branch offices or special agents 
 here. The New York Life Insurance Company maintains two offices here, one in the Ellicott 
 Square building and the other in the Mooney-Brisbane building, with A. F. Aird as Manager. 
 The life insurance in force in this great company, January 1, 1903, amounted to SI, 553, 628,- 
 026. The amount paid in cash for new insurance during 1902 was 8302,798,229, and the amount 
 returned to policy holders and beneficiaries in matured endowments, dividends, and death 
 losses was 830,595,838. 
 
 The old established, conservative and always reliable Berkshire Life Insurance Company is 
 represented by Major Albert F. R. .4rndt, one of the most reputable, respected, and experienced 
 men in the life insurance business, who has made Buffalo his headquarters as General Agent of 
 the company since 1898. His offices are at 720 Ellicott Square. 
 
36 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Photo bv Hall 
 
 ALBERT F. R, ARNDT. 
 General Agent, Berkshire Life Insurance Company. (See page 33.) 
 
TWENTIETH CEXTURV BUFFALO. 37 
 
 ASSOCIATION OF FIRE UNDERWRITERS. 
 
 The Buffalo Association of Fire Underwriters was incorporated in 1841, "to inculcate just and equitable princi- 
 ples in the business of insurance ; to establish and maintain uniformity among its members in policies and contracts 
 of insurance ; and to acquire, preserve, and disseminate valuable information relative to the business in which they 
 are engaged." The officers for 1902 - 1903 are : President, F. L. A. Cady ; Secretary, Charles L. Gurney ; Treas- 
 urer, Nathaniel P. Hall. The association has supervision over technical matters in connection with local fire insur- 
 ance, including the official inspection of buildings, electric light, and power installation. The offices, 94 Dun 
 Building, are in charge of W. J. Frederick, Manager of the association. 
 
 LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The Life Underwriters' Association of Western New York has been organized for several years. Its headquart- 
 ers are at 503 D. S. Morgan Building, and its officers for 1903 are : President, George N. Smith ; First Vice-Presi- 
 dent, P. M. Bredel ; Second Vice-President, F. E. Lahey ; Secretary and Treasurer, Charles H. Guthrie. H. E. 
 Crouch, of 922 Ellicott Square, is the Chairman of the Executive Committee. 
 
 MASONIC LIFE ASSOCIATION OF WESTERN NEW YORK. 
 
 Among the organizations providing life insurance, in various forms and transacting business by various methods, 
 the Masonic Life Insurance of Western New York occupies a prominent and unique position. The advantages it 
 offers for life insurance protection are available for only one class of members, which are strictly restricted to the 
 Masonic fraternity. In fact, it is now the only Masonic life insurance association in the world into which Free- 
 masons alone are admitted to membership. Other restrictive associations have been organized and flourished for a 
 time, but the barriers to membership have from time to time been set aside until the organizations have entirely 
 lost their distinctive character. The Masonic Life Association of Western New \'ork was incorporated in 1872, 
 and has been conducted with steady success and continually increasing strength for thirty years. From time to 
 time changes, suggested by experience and careful study of conditions and probabilities, have been made from the 
 original plan, with the result that to-day its system is governed by prmciples endorsed by the very highest authori- 
 ties on life insurance and approved by a satisfactory comparison with the plans in operation in the most substantial 
 associations in the world. While a strictly business organization in its method, its plan appeals to the nobler sen- 
 timents of the fraternity. Its aim is to furnish the family of every deceased brother Mason an indemnity at his 
 death sufliicient to place them beyond the possibility of want and to extend a helping and sympathetic hand, not 
 only to the widow and orphan but to a brother while living, should he become totally disabled. It is now provid- 
 ing this admirable kind of protection to the amount of f 17,000,000. During the thirty years of its existence it 
 has paid out over #3,500,000 to disabled members or to the beneficiaries of deceased members, without delay and 
 without question. In that time only five claims have been contested, and in no case has the association not been 
 upheld by the courts of last resort. The claims have been paid in full, in many cases immediately on proof of 
 death, and in no instance in more than the legal limit of ninety days. A steadily increasing reserve fund of now 
 more than $130,000 is provided to meet any emergency, and the entire operations of the association have been 
 emphatically approved by the State Insurance Department. The membership is scattered all over the world, but 
 the majority is located in the Eastern and Central States. In Buffalo there are more than 1,800 members, which 
 is a very good evidence that its strength and reliability is appreciated by those who have the best opportunity of 
 scrutinizing its affairs. Insurance is provided for sums of $1,000 to f .5,000, and the premium rates have been fixed 
 upon an absolutely equitable basis. The interests of the members are carefully safeguarded and the current affairs 
 of the association are supervised by officers chosen from among the members, who are all citizens of high standing 
 in the community. The President is Hon. Erastus C. Knight, Mayor of Buffalo; the First Vice-President is 
 Dr. Walter D. Greene, Health Officer of the City of Buffalo, and George Clinton is the Second Vice-President ; 
 and George P. Wilkins, of the firm of Johnson & Wilkins, is the Treasurer. The Board of Directors is 
 composed of fifty good F'ree and Accepted Masons, located in Buffalo and at important points in Connecticut, 
 Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and the District of Columbia. A large share in the administration of the 
 affairs of the association necessarily devolves upon the Secretary and Manager, Nelson O. Tiffany, a position he 
 has filled most efficiently for nineteen years. With such a record of promptness, reliability, and stability, the 
 Masonic Life Association of W'estern New York is manifestly entitled to the confidence and endorsement of every 
 member of the craft. 
 
 BUFFALO GERMAN INSURANCE COMPANY. 
 
 There are in Buffalo several home companies carrying on the business of fire insurance. The principal of these 
 is the Buffalo German Insurance Company, located in the German Insurance building, which is owned by the com- 
 pany, on the corner of Main Street and Broadway. This successful corporation was organized in 1867. January 
 1, 1868, its statement showed : assets, f 118,738.88 ; net surplus, $4,593.94 ; losses paid previous year, .$25,705.96. 
 January 1, 1903, thirty-six years later, its annual statement showed : assets, $2,148,377.11; net surplus, .$1,480,929.30; 
 losses paid since 1868, $.5,244,504.61. The company is one of the most sulwtantial and reliable in the country. It 
 is acting under the safety fund law of the State of New York, has a special reserve fund of .$200,000 deposited 
 with the State insurance'department, and has a guarantee surplus fund of $200,000, as required by law. Its officers 
 for 1902-1903 are : President, Oliver J. Eggert ; First Vice-President, Jacob Dold ; Second Vice-President, John 
 G. Wickser ; Secretary, Charles A. Georger ; Assistant Secretary, Fred. C. Haupt ; Directors, O. J. Eggert, W. 
 Hellriegel, lohn P. Diehl, George Goetz, Albert Ziegele, Jr., George Urban, Jr., Eugene A. Georger, Jacob Dold, 
 H. C. Persch, L. P. Adolff, .\. Cornelius, M. Hausauer, J. G. Wickser, J. Hauenstein, Chas. Boiler, E. B. 
 Eggert, H. P. Houck, Charles Groben, E. G. S. Miller, Frank Noell. Charles J. Herbold is general agent and 
 John S. Bell and E. F. Clark, special agents. 
 
38 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Fhoto by Hall. 
 
 F. L. A. CADY. 
 President, Buffalo Assoriation of Fire Underwriters. (See page 37.} 
 
t\vp:ntikth century buffalo. 
 
 39. 
 
 NELSON O. TIFFANY. 
 
 Secretary, Masonic Life Association of Western New York. (See page .37.) 
 
40 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 o 
 c 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 41 
 
 BUFFALO COMMERCIAL INSURANCE COMPANY. 
 
 The Buffalo Commercial Insurance Company, organized by the late Philip Becker, twice mayor of Buffalo, 
 began business April 16, 1896, and has been managed since its organization by its secretary, George H. Hofheins, 
 formerly with the German Insurance Company from 1873. The offices are in the German Insurance Building. The 
 President is John G. Wickser, State Treasurer, who was chosen to the position on the death of his uncle, Philip 
 Becker. The other officers of the company are : First Vice-President, John P. Diehl ; Second Vice-President, 
 Oliver J. Eggert ; Assistant Secretary, Edwin B. Eggert ; Directors, John G. Wickser, Adam Cornelius, George W. 
 Goetz, William G. Houck, William J. Beyer, John P. Diehl, Jacob Dold, Albert Ziegele, Sr. , Henry E. Boiler, 
 John Bensted, George Urban, Jr., Oliver J. Eggert, Charles Groben, Edward L. Koons, George \V. Schmidt, 
 Eugene A. Georger, George M. Hausauer, Frank Kraft, Charles Berrick, Louis P. Adolff, Jr. The annual state- 
 ment of the company, lanuarv 1, 1903, was as follows : Cash capital, f 200.000 ; reserved, $153,066.98 ; assets, 
 f 420,599.41, showing a'net surplus over all liabilities of .f 67,532.43. 
 
 GONE OUT OF BUSINESS. 
 
 The business of the Erie Fire Insurance Company was transferred to the .Etna Fire Insurance Company, and 
 in November, 1902, E. R. O'Malley was appointed by the courts to wind up the affairs of the Erie Company. 
 
 BUFFALO FIRE OFFICE. 
 
 The Buffalo Fire Office, now located at 11 West Seneca Street, was organized in 1900 and incorporated under 
 the laws of the State of New York to do an insurance business in fire, accident, liability, and plate glass risks, 
 with a capital stock of 815,000. The office represents a number of substantial companies, including the Alliance 
 of England, .-Vllemannie of Pennsylvania, Commercial of Buffalo, Newark Fire of New Jersey, Indianapolis Fire of 
 Indiana, Niagara of New York, Milwaukee Fire of Wisconsin, Northwestern Underwriters of Wisconsin, Milwau- 
 kee Mechanics of Wisconsin, Teutonia of Louisiana, New Jersey Plate Glass of New Jersey, and Pacific Mutual 
 accident department of California. The management of the fire office is in the hands of men of long experience 
 and high standing. The President of the company, however, is Mrs. F. A. Cook, widow of an old insurance man. 
 She assumed the business on the death of her husband in 1885, and continued it until the present concern was 
 organized. The Vice-President and Treasurer is D. F. Churchill, who has had twenty years' experience, and for a 
 long time in association with the late Fayette A. Cook, whose son, Charles B. Cook, also for many years connected 
 with his father's business, is Secretary of the fire office. 
 
 REPRESENTS THE PEOPLE. 
 
 A man who has been able to carefully study by the light of long experience the pros and cons of an important 
 subject should be well qualified to advocate either side thereof. Such has been the professional training of A. H. 
 Bo\\'en, who after a long and honorable service with important insurance corporations, some years ago determined 
 to place his knowledge and experience at the disposal of the other parties interested. In other words, Mr. Bowen 
 now represents the insured and undertakes in their behalf the adjustment of losses by fire. Having an intimate 
 knowledge of all the details, the methods of insurance companies, the intricate legal and commercial points involved, 
 and, at the same time, the respect of those naturally arrayed against him in making settlements, he is enabled to 
 thoroughly protect the interests of his clients. In this he has been remarkably successful, indeed, he has achieved a 
 most enviable celebrity throughout the insurance world. There are others who are working along the same line, 
 but none have secured such uniformly satisfactory results. His profession is unique, so also is his remarkable power 
 and tact, practicing for the benefit of the people as against the fire insurance corporations. Mr. Bowen has very 
 handsome and artistically furnished offices in the Erie Savings and Loan Association Building, on Erie Street. 
 
 REPRESENTS THE COMPANIES. 
 
 Personally and professionally there is no more popular man in the city of Buffalo than Captain James J. Reid, 
 the insurance adjuster. His services in the settlement of fire losses are in constant demand by the various insurance 
 corporations who are familiar with his ability, his integrity, and thorough knowledge of all the details of his 
 profession. His offices are at 501 Marine Bank Building. 
 
 ELECTRICAL EVOLUTION. 
 
 As heretofore stated, the electrical evolutions on the Niagara Frontier, in recent years, have 
 been an indispensable factor in securing Buffalo's present commercial and industrial prosperity, 
 and the developments now in progress will certainly insure Buffalo's supremacy as a great 
 manufacturing and mercantile center. 
 
 October 4, 1890, ground was broken for the Niagara tunnel electrical power development, 
 by the Cataract Construction Company, a corporation organized to finance and carry out the 
 
42 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 JAMES J. REID. 
 Fire Insurance Adjuster for the Companies. (See page 4].) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 43 
 
 ALLEN H. BOWEN. 
 Fire Insurance Adjuster for tae People. (See page 41.) 
 
44 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 CHARLES R. HUNTLEY. 
 General Manager, Buffalo General Electric Company. (See page 47.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 45 
 
 plans of the Niagara Falls Power Company, incorporated under the laws of the State, March 
 31, 1886. The power house was erected, the tunnel — to carry off the waters from the wheel 
 pits, passing from the upper river to the lower, below the Falls — was completed and the first 
 of the many power generating turbines set in motion January 25, 1894. December 2, 1895, 
 the terms of a franchise tor the introduction of electric power within the corporation limits of 
 the City of Buffalo was approved by the Common Council, and January 14, 1896, these terms 
 were accepted by the Niagara Falls Power Com])any, the contract being assigned to the Cataract 
 Power and Conduit Com])any, a Buffalo corporation, June 24, 1896. A line was constructed 
 to Buffalo for the transmission of electric power generated at Niagara Falls to Buffalo, it being 
 completed January 12, 1897. 
 
 i'he Niagara Falls Power Co.'s present plant is generating 50,000 horse-power. Its capacity 
 will be quadrupled within two years. The Albright-Ontario Power Company, operating on the 
 Canadian side of the Niagara Falls, contemplates a development of 300,000 to 400,000 horse- 
 power. The Hydraulic Power and Manufacturing Company at Niagara Falls is generating 
 considerable power for local purposes and may increase its capacity. The Albright Company 
 will supply 100,000 horse-power for the Lackawanna Steel Company's plant at Stony Point. 
 
 There will be in all an immense supply of electrical power available for industrial purposes in 
 Buffalo, but the supply is not likely to exceed the demand it the present development continues on 
 the scale now indicated by existing conditions and prospective enterprises. At present about 
 25,000 horse-power comes to Buffalo from the Falls on the cables of the Cataract Power and Con- 
 duit Company, having a capacity for 30,000 horse-power, and is being supplied to the following : 
 
 lewett Refrigerator Works, Buffalo General Electric Co., International Railway Co., Schoellkopf & Co., 
 Great Northern Elevator Co., Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Help, Electric Grain Elevator, Buffalo Dry Dock 
 Co., Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg R. R., Barcalo & Boll Manufacturing Co., King Spring Co., Empire Bridge 
 Co., Iron Elevator & Transfer Co., American Agricultural Chemical Co., Buffalo Spring & Gear Co., Dohn, 
 Fisher & Beyer, McKinnon Dash Co., Harry Yates, Standard Plaster Co., The J. N. Matthews Co.— The 
 Matthews-Northrup Works and the Bi(ffalo Express — New York Central & Hudson River R. R., Mugridge Baking 
 Co., Estate of J. F. Schoellkopf, J. I. Prentiss & Co., W. W. Oliver Co., Pratt & Letchworth, National Battery 
 Co., William M. Faux, Proprietor American Hotel, Acme Steel and Malleable Iron Works, Great Eastern Eleva- 
 tor, Delaware, Lackawanna & Western R. R., Edward Elsworth & Co.'s H-O Mills, Black Rock Post-Office, 
 Buffalo Tin Can Company, Noble & Drake, Charles G. Curtiss Co., Patrick Malone, Sidney Shepard & Co., New 
 York Car Wheel Works, Jacob Dold Packing Co., E. & F. Glor, Henry Messinger, Proprietor Elmwood Hotel, 
 Buffalo Elevating Company, U. S. Custom House at International Bridge, Taylor Signal Co., John Kam Malting 
 Co., U. S. Rubber Reclaiming Works, Lappin Brake Shoe Co., Duffy Bros. & Nellis, Buffalo Cereal Co., Snow 
 Steam Pump Works, American Radiator Works, Buffalo Foundry Co., Cumpson-Prentiss Coffee Co., The Diamond 
 Mills, The Cataract Refining and Manufacturing Co., The Iron Elevator and Transfer Co., The Wood & Brooks 
 Co., The Buffalo Pitts Co., The Buffalo Break Beam Co. 
 
 Arrangements have been made to double the capacity of the Cataract Power and Conduit Company in Buffalo. 
 
 RATES FOR ELECTRIC POWER. 
 
 The rates for power supplied in Buffalo by the Cataract Power and Conduit Company are : 
 Two thousand two hundred volt alternating current delivered on premises of customer. 
 The unit is the kilowatt-hour, equivalent to 1 ' , horse-power hour. 
 
 Service charged for maximum power called for per month, $1.00 per unit or kilowatt. Equals iO.75 per 
 horse-power. 
 
 For 1,000 units or less per month 02 per unit. 
 
 " excess over 1,000 up to 2,000 units 015 " 
 
 " " 2,000 " 3,000 " 012 
 
 " 3,000 " 5,000 " 01 
 
 5,000 " 10,000 " 008 
 
 " " " 10,000 " 20,000 " 0075 
 
 " " " 20,000 " 40,000 " 007 " 
 
 " 40,000 " 80,000 " 0066 
 
 " 80,000 " 0064 
 
 Example.— An 80 horse-power motor running 10 hours per day, taking 80 horse-power at times as a maximum, 
 but averaging throughout the day about 60 horse-power, would in 25 days per month consume current as follows : 
 GO X 10 X 25, equaling 15,000 horse-power hours, or, reduced to units, 15,000 x 746-1,000, equaling 11,200 units. 
 The charge per month for this, by the above table, would be made up as follows : 
 
 Charge for service, demand of 80 horse-power @ .75 f .60 
 
 Charge for power : 
 
 10,000 units % .008 .80 
 
 1,200 units excess over 10,000 (©.0075 .09 
 
 Total charge per month l$1.49 
 
 As usually calculated by the consumer, dividing the total operating expense by the rated horse-power, this 
 
 charge is equivalent to .f22.35 per horse-power per annum. 
 
 Persons desiring to use large quantities of power are invited to negotiate for special contracts, based on the 
 
 special conditions and requirements attending their use of the power. 
 
46 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Photo by Hall 
 
 JOSEPH P. DEVINE. 
 Vice-President and General Manager. National Battery Company, (See page -IT.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 47 
 
 BUFFALO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY. 
 
 The Buffalo General Electric Company is supplying light and power by its arc light system. It has contracted 
 with the City of Buffalo for street lights at the rate of #75 per lamp, for a period of five years. It is furnishing a 
 number of customers for lighting, and also power for minor purposes. Among them are the following : 
 
 Adam, Meldrum & Anderson Co., Ailing & Cory, Philip Becker & Co., Becker Paint & Glass Co., Buffalo 
 Mirror & Beveling Co., Buffalo Forge Co., Bell Telephone Co., Buffalo Post-oftice, Buffalo Lounge Co., Colonial 
 Flats, W. A. Case& Son, J. W. Clement, N. Dilfer & Son, Deck Bros., D., L. & W. R. R., Emergency Hospital, 
 German Hospital, Glasgow & Co., Gillette & White, Gugina Bros., Henry Hirshman, Howard Iron Works, 
 Hubbs & Howe Co., J. H. Knepper & Son, Kellogg Steel & Iron Co., I. P. Little Electrical Construction and Sup- 
 ply Co., W. L. Loeser, Julius Levi, Charles Laniy, Ladue & Tate Mfg. Co., D. Y. Leslie, H. A. Meldrum Co., 
 D. E. Morgan, Son & Allen Co., Morrison & Risman, T. J. O'Brien, Oppenheimer & Co., Plimpton, Cowan & 
 Co., John C. Post's Sons, O. P. Ramsdell, Sweet & Co., Spangenchal & Co., Siegrist & Fraley, Milton Schroeder 
 & Co., Buckingham Apartment, A. Victor & Co., Wood & Co., Washburn-Crosby Co., American Express Co., 
 Buffalo Enquirer, Buffalo Public Library, Buffalo Theater Co., County Hall and Jail, J. L. Hudson Co., L. V. R. 
 R. Co., N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R., Lafayette Theater, Teck Theater, Lyceum Theater," D. McLeod, B. H. Phillips, 
 Postal Telegraph andCable Co., J. L. Saperston, Shea's Theater, The Times, The Buffalo Re-dew, Rudolf Wagner. 
 
 ELECTRIC CORPORATIONS' OFFICIALS. 
 
 The ofticials of the Niagara Falls Power Company are : D. O. Mills, President ; Edw. A. Wickes, First Vice- 
 President ; William B. Rankine, Second Vice-President and Treasurer ; F. L. Lovelace, Secretary ; W. Paxton 
 Little, Assistant Secretary and Treasurer ; W. A. Brackenridge, Resident Engineer ; H. W. Buck, Electrical 
 Director. 
 
 The officials of the Cataract Power and Conduit Company are : D. O. Mills, President ; George Urban, Jr., 
 First Vice. President ; Charles R. Huntley, Second Vice-President and General Manager; DeLancey Rankine, 
 Secretary and Treasurer ; H. B. Alverson, Superintendent. 
 
 The officials of the Buffalo General Electric Company are: Daniel O'Day, President; George Urban, Jr., 
 First Vice-President ; Charles R. Huntley, Second Vice-President and General Manager ; D. T. Nash, Secretary 
 and Treasurer. 
 
 ELECTRIC STORAGE BATTERIES. 
 
 Although the Niagara Frontier is the greatest electrical center of the industrial world, except in one 
 instance, it has not so far attracted the favorable attention of manufacturers on a large scale of electrical apparatus 
 or of machinery constructed especially for electrical uses. The exception, however, is a notable one. 
 
 The National Battery Company in June, 1901, established in Buffalo an extensive and most complete plant for 
 the extensive manufacture of storage batteries of the National and Sperry types for use with fans, telephones, sur- 
 gical instruments, locomotives, launches, telegraphs, phonographs, kinetoscopes, railroad signals, slot machines, 
 automatic musical instruments, railroad switches, fire alarm, telegraphs, medical apparatus, laboratory work, gas 
 engine ignition, lighting plants, dental engines, portable engines, clocks, elevators, and a continually increasing 
 variety of other purposes. This plant is now equipped with every appliance and device known to electrical science, 
 and in every department the perfection of skill and the acme of human ingenuity is applied in the production of 
 storage batteries of the most scientifically accurate and effective character. To attain this industrial high-art result 
 the employment of specialists of the most extended experience and of the highest grade of scientific culture has 
 been indispensable. The company has on its staff a brilliant corps of electro-chemical and electric engineering 
 experts, selected from the most advanced home and foreign schools of scientific acquirement. It has control of a 
 number of patents whose value has been most thoroughly tested, and unceasing vigilance in selecting arid handling 
 raw material, combined with the utmost mechanical skill in their manipulation, are producing results in the highest 
 degree satisfactory. The accumulation of electricity in storage batteries is no longer an expensive experiment. It 
 is a recognized and indispensable system both for the direct use of electricity for a great variety of purposes and for 
 its use as an auxiliary to transmitted electricity. The use of National storage batteries for automobile purposes is 
 \ery rapidly increasing, which is also the case for w'ireless telegraphy, the application of X rays, and in other 
 directions, and a new and most important field is being exploited with every assurance of success, namely, that of 
 train lighting. In fact, it seems to be impossible to circumscribe the limits within which the use of accumulated 
 stores of electric power can be confined. The possibilities, indeed, are beyond the conception of the commercial 
 intellect of to-day. The National Battery Company's plant, which is to a large extent operated by electric power 
 from Niagara Falls, furnished by the Cataract Power and Conduit Company, is a wonderful institution, but its won- 
 ders are yet only in their swaddling clothes. It is now one of the most unique and important of the industries of 
 Twentieth Century Buffalo. Its future development cannot fail to be of vast importance. The officials of the 
 company, which is capitalized at $.500,000, are : President, R. Lindsley Coleman ; Secretary and Treasurer, Ber- 
 tram Smith. Joseph P. Devine, Vice-President, is also the General Manager. On the staff of electrical and 
 mechanical engineers is Elmer A. .Sperry, whose name in the electrical world as an inventor and expert is a house- 
 hold word, with Lamas Lyndon and Guthrie Gay as his able coadjutors. Herbert B. Moses is the electro-chemi- 
 cal expert, and H. W. Timmins is Superintendent of the works, which are located on Massachusetts Avenue, 
 opposite Shields Avenue. Employment is given to about 300 hands, but this number will soon be increased, as 
 the plant is soon to be materially enlarged. 
 
48 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Photo by Hall. 
 
 WILLIAM A. SAWYER. 
 Manager Buflalo Otiice, Western Union Telegraph Company. (See page 49.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 49 
 
 ELECTRICAL TERMS. 
 
 Ampere — (1) The practical unit of electrical current. (2) A rate of flow of electricity transmitting one 
 coulomb per second. (3) The current of electricity which would pass through a circuit whose resistance is one 
 ohm, under an electro-motive force of one volt. 
 
 Volt — (1) The practical unit of electro-motive force. (2) Such an electro-motive force as is induced in a 
 conductor which cuts lines of magnetic flux at the rate of 100,000,000 per second. (3) Such an electro-motive force 
 as would cause a current of one ampere to flow against a resistance of one ohm. 
 
 Ohm — (1) The practical unit of electric resistance, i 2) Such resistance as would limit the flow of electricity 
 under an electro-motive force of one volt to a current of one ampere, or of one coulomb per second. 
 
 Watt — (1) The unit of e'ectric power. (2) A volt ampere. (3) The power developed when 44.25-foot 
 pounds of work are done in a minute, or, 0.7375-foot pounds of work is done in a second. 
 
 TELEGRAPH SERVICE. 
 
 To the cities of Buffalo and Lockport belong the honor of the first utilization of the 
 telegraph for commercial purposes. O. S. Wood, the first pupil of Professor Morse, built the first 
 business telegraph line in .^inerica, between Buffalo and Lockport, which was opened for traffic, 
 November 7, 1845. 
 
 The Buffalo office was in the basement of the Mansion House, and its manager was Samuel 
 r. Carter. The tariff was twenty-five cents for twenty-five words, and the first message sent 
 announced the victory of the Whigs in Niagara County. The New York, Albany & Buffalo 
 Telegraph Company built its lines in sections, and the whole line was completed in September, 
 1S46. In 1847, the Buffalo office was over the leather store of Aaron Rumsey, at the corner 
 of Washington and Exchange streets. Two well-known Buffalonians, still living, Madison Buell 
 and Nathaniel Hucker, started their telegraphic experiences in this office. In this office there 
 were other well-known Buffalonians, Charles H. Haskins, Charles Wells, Wesley D. Allen, 
 David Kissock, William Kissock, and John A. Burch. The first daily press reports were sent 
 over this line to a federation of State papers, January 1, 1847, a nucleus for the well-known 
 Associated Press of to-day. This method was in operation until about 1858, when the Associ- 
 ated Press appointed its own agents. The New York State Telegraph Company using the 
 House patent, the Lake Erie Telegraph Company under the O'Reilly contract, the Merchants' 
 Telegraph Company using the Bain chemical system, the Montreal Telegraph Company, and 
 the Erie & Michigan Telegraph Company all had their offices in Buffalo, and in 1851 there 
 were over fifty companies in operation in the United States. In 1855, the New York & 
 Mississippi Telegraph Company, organized in Rochester, under the House printing patent, to 
 build lines in the Western States, absorbed the Erie & Michigan Telegraph Company, and 
 assumed the name of The Western Union Telegraph Company. 
 
 WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 
 
 This company gradually absorbed six of the principal companies of the United States, and by 1866 had 
 established a national system, rising from a local company, having about 550 miles of wire, to one controlling over 
 75,000 miles of wire. In 1901 the company had 193,589 miles of poles and cables ; 972,766 miles of wire ; and 
 23,238 offices. The number of messages handled was 6.5, 657,048 ; the receipts amounted to 826,354,150.85 ; the 
 expenses, 819,668,902.68; and the profits, .«6, 685, 248. 17. 
 
 After the consolidation in 1856, the officials of the Buffalo office of the W^estern Union Telegraph Company, 
 were Nathaniel Hucker, Manager, now in the employ of the Postal Telegraph Cable Co., Madison Buell, chief 
 operator eastern lines, now one of the repeater chiefs of the Western Union Co., and Charles S. Jones, chief 
 operator western lines. George .-V. Burnett, was, and is still, the manager of the Great Northwestern wires. The 
 office was in the Brown's Building, at the corner of Main and Seneca streets. The office was next moved to 
 Spaulding's Exchange, and later to the southeast corner of Main and Seneca streets in what is now known as the Lehigh 
 Building. In 1883, the Western Union again moved into the Brown's Building, on the northeast corner of Main 
 and Seneca streets, and in 1896 moved into its present commodious quarters in the EUicott Square Building, which 
 were specially designed for a modern telegraph office during the construction of that building. Its equipment is 
 now of the most modern and complete character. .\t the present time, besides its main office in the EUicott 
 Square, the Western Union maintains twenty-eight branch offices in various parts of the city, in hotels and depots, 
 for the convenience of the public. Its main office in the EUicott Square is one of the most important in the 
 company's service, being the connecting link between the East and the West. It is the largest "repeater" office in 
 
50 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 HENRY M. WATSON. 
 President. Bell Telephone Company of Buftalo. (See pages 51-53.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 51 
 
 the world, and is the distributing center for a large section of the country. Much the larger portion of the 
 business handled in this office is "relay" business, i. e. , business received from one office and sent on to another 
 office. The growth of the telegraph business can be realized from the statement that at the present time the 
 Western Union Telegraph Co. employs over 200 operators and clerks in its Buffalo otlfices. The total number of 
 its employees in this city, including its messenger boys, is fully double that number. The principal Buffalo 
 officials of the Company are : Manager, W. A. Sawyer ; Assistant Manager and Cashier, John .'\. Pferd, who has 
 been in the service over thirty years ; Chief Operator, George Sallaway ; Manager Gold anfi Stock Department, 
 John Lapey ; Manager Great Northwestern Telegraph Company, George A. Burnett ; City Foreman, J. G. 
 McNerney. 
 
 The messenger service from this office, under the management of W. A. Sawyer, is controlled by the American 
 District Telegraph Company, the Assistant Superintendent of which, Joseph Maxwell, has his headquarter s here. 
 
 POSTAL TELEGRAPH CABLE COMPANY. 
 
 The Buffalo division of the Postal Telegraph Cable Company is one of the most important in the great system 
 of that progressive corporation. The Postal began business in this city in 1884, with two wires connecting with the 
 main line at Olean. It was then located in the Board of Trade building on West Seneca Street, with one operator 
 and three messenger boys, and was known as the Postal Telegraph and Cable Company. A removal was made to 215 
 Main Street in 1885, and soon thereafter the present title was adopted. In 1893, larger quarters were secured at 
 207 Main Street, and occupied until October 13, 1902, when those now in use in the Stafford Building, corner of 
 Church and Pearl streets, were opened for business. They are most convenient, well lighted, and fitted up with the very 
 best and most effective devices and electrical machinery and apparatus known to science. The installation of the 
 various instruments and their accessories is a marvel of construction and electro-engineering skill, comprising the 
 most modern inventions approved in the electrical world. The current used is derived from Niagara Falls, but an 
 auxiliary plant is installed on the premises in case of accident. Twenty branch offices are operated in the city. The 
 Buffalo force, of over 100 persons, comprises the superintendent, manager, clerks, bookkeepers, operators, and 
 linemen, and about eighty boys are also employed for the messenger service. Harvey D. Reynolds, who has 
 held the position ably and faithfully during the entire period of the Postal's Buffalo history, is the Buffalo superintend- 
 ent, having control of a large territory, extending to the Ohio line at Conneaut on the west, to Syracuse on the east, 
 and from Sharon, Pa., to within fifty miles of New York City. Associated with him as manager, having charge of 
 the local business, is C. H. Newman, who was appointed in February, 1900, coming here from Rochester, where he 
 was manager of the company's business for fifteen years. The volume of business handled at the Postal's Buffalo 
 office is enormous and continually expanding. It has been equipped with the view of properly caring for the in- 
 crease as it comes. 
 
 WIRELESS TELEGRAPH STATION. 
 
 It is probable that during 1903 a wireless telegraph station for operating the De Forrest Wireless Telegraph 
 system will be established in Buffalo, for communication with points along, and with vessels on, the Great Lakes, 
 the nearest station being at Cleveland. 
 
 TELEPHONE SERVICE. 
 
 Less than a quarter of a century ago the telephone was at best a toy of very little practical value. To-day it is 
 an indispensable accessory in the prompt transaction of both public and private business. Twentieth Century 
 Buffalo is indebted to the Bell Telephone Company for the complete and efficient telephone service now furnished — 
 a service which is the result of continued experiments, intelligent enterprise, and a large expenditure of time and 
 money. This city has not only a very comprehensive local telephone service, but is also the home office of the Bell 
 Telephone Company of Buffalo, incorporated in 1879 under the Laws of the State of New York, operating under 
 a license from the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, a complete system, covering the counties of Erie, 
 Niagara, Genesee, Monroe, Orleans, Wyoming, and Livingston, which includes the cities of Buffalo, Niagara Falls, 
 Lockport, Rochester, and Batavia, with about 25,000 stations, having interchange with each other and connecting 
 with the widely extended long distance system of the parent company. The authorized stock of the com.pany was 
 originally f4,000,000, increased to $.5,000,000, February, 1900, and again increased to !{!10,000,000, November 
 9, 1902, a very considerable amount of these increases being devoted to extending the system and perfecting the 
 equipment, which is now the very best known to electrical science and engineering experience. The credit of intro- 
 ducing the telephone into Buffalo is due to Edward J. Hall, who was the first General Manager of the local com- 
 pany, and now Vice-President of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company in New Y'ork, the first instru- 
 ments being set up in 1878, the offices and central station being located on the northeast corner of Main and Eagle 
 streets. The present central station and general offices, on West Seneca Street, between Main and Pearl streets. 
 
62 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 A. E. ROBBINS. 
 
 Superintendent. Buttalo Division Wabash Railroad. President. Transportation Club. Ut(i2. 
 
 (See pages 57 and 6].) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 53 
 
 were first occupied in 1885. The long distance system first came into use in Buffalo, on November, 1888. At the 
 close of 1902 the Bell Company had about 13,000 stations in Buffalo, connected with the central office, known as 
 " Seneca," or with the branch exchanges : " Howard," corner of Howard and Jefferson streets; "Tupper,"at 
 298 Carolina Street ; "Park," corner of Main Street and Parker Avenue ; •' South," corner of Good and Triangle 
 streets ; "Bryant," on Bryant Street near Elmwood Avenue ; and " North," opened in October, 1902, corner of 
 Baynes Street and Delavan Avenue. Henry M. Watson, who is President of the company, having held that posi- 
 tion since its organization, has given the same earnest attention and intelligent effort in administering its affairs as 
 he did to the organization and development of the local street railway system during his long official connection 
 therewith, the financial and other most important responsibilities largely devolving upon him. The other promi- 
 nent officials of the company are ; Vice-President, Newcomb Carlton ; Secretary and Treasurer, Joseph S. 
 Baecher. 
 
 FRONTIER TELEPHONE COMPANY. 
 
 The Frontier Telephone Company of Buffalo was organized in September, 1901, with a capital of $3,000,000. 
 It has, at an expense of $2,000,000, installed a carefully constructed " unlimited service with metallic circuit and 
 long distance equipment." It began actual business March 10, 1903, with 6,000 stations or subscribers in the City 
 of Buffalo. The central station and offices of the company are in a new three-story building, especially erected for 
 the purpose, in Ellicott Street, near West Huron Street. The officers of the company are : President, Elgood C. 
 Luf kin ; Vice-President and Manager, William A. Douglas ; Secretary and Treasurer, Charles B. Hill. Directors : 
 Irving A. Stearns, Henry H. Persons, John B. Weber, H. D. Kirkover, Alvan Markle, E. C. Lufkin, Arthur 
 Scranton, Charles B. Hill, William A. Douglas, James M. Thomas, Charles E. Austin, Martin Carey, Fred R. 
 Greer, Charles W. Goodyear, Samuel E. Waylond. 
 
 CONSOLIDATED TELEPHONE COMPANY. 
 
 The general oftices of the Consolidated Telephone Company organized in Cleveland, Ohio, in July, 1901, with a 
 capital of $10,000,000, have been located at 333-342 Ellicott Square, Bufifalo, since July, 1902. It controls the 
 Inter-Ocean Telephone and Telegraph Company, the Century Telephone Construction Company, and a large 
 number of independent local telephone companies operating at various points in the State and in Northern Penn- 
 sylvania, and is establishing long distant telephone connections therewith and in every direction available. The 
 Construction Company manufactures in Buffalo high-grade telephone apparatus and constructs telephone exchanges. 
 The officers of the Consolidated Telephone Company are : President, Burt G. Hubbell ; Vice-President and 
 Treasurer, Charles E. Austin ; Secretary, J. H. Fuller. Directors : Arthur D. Bissell, Theodore S. Fassett, 
 Joseph P. Dudley, Charles E. Austin, Martin Carey, Luther Allen, Harry D. Cutchfield, Kermode F. Gill, Burt 
 G. Hubbell. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 No city in the world has better transportation facilities for passenger and freight traffic, 
 by rail, lake, river, and canal, than Twentieth Century Buffalo. In one matter only is there a 
 deficiency, namely, in that of the arrangements and equipment for local lake and river excursion 
 traffic, which at present are incomplete and inefficient. 
 
 STEAM RAILWAY CONNECTIONS. 
 
 Connecting the city with the territory east and south are the great trunk lines of the New 
 York Central & Hudson River, the West Shore, the Erie, the Lehigh Valley, the Delaware, 
 Lackawanna & ^^'estern, and the Pennsylvania railroad companies, and the branches of the 
 Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg, the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg, and the Northern 
 Central roads ; and with Canada and western points on the trains of the Grand Trunk, the 
 Michigan Central, New York, Chicago (S: St. Louis (Nickel Plate), Lake Shore & Michigan 
 Southern, Canadian Pacific, Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo, Erie, and \\'abash companies. 
 It is probable that the Lake Erie & Detroit River Railroad, controlled by the Pere Marquette 
 
54 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Photo by Nussbaumer. 
 
 HARRY PARRY. 
 
 General Agent, Passenger Department New York Central & Hudson River R. R. 
 (See pages 55 and fll.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 55 
 
 Railroad Company, will be extended, in 1903, to Buffalo from St. Thomas, Ont. Work is in 
 progress for the extension to Buffalo from Wellsville. Allegany County, of the Buffalo & Sus- 
 quehanna Company. 
 
 PASSENGER AND FREIGHT STATIONS. 
 
 At and from the New York Central Station, on Exchange Street, arrive and depart passenger 
 trains of the New York Central, Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg, Canadian Pacific, Lake Shore, 
 Michigan Central, Northern Central, Toronto, Hamilon & Buffalo, Pennsylvania, and \Vest 
 Shore roads. 
 
 The Delaware, Lackawanna & \Vestern pa.ssenger trains arrive at and depart from the station 
 at the foot of Main Street. 
 
 The passenger trains of the Erie, Nickel Plate, and Wabash service arrive at and depart 
 from the station of the Erie Company on Exchange and Michigan streets. 
 
 The passenger trains of the Lehigh Valley and Grand Trunk roads arrive at and depart 
 from the station of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company on Washington and Scott streets. 
 
 Some passenger trains of the Grand Trunk arrive at and depart from the station of that 
 Company on Erie Street, next to the Erie Canal. 
 
 The facilities for handling freight locally, or in transit, for both rail and lake traffic, are 
 both very extensive and most comprehensive. The various railroad lines carrying freight to 
 and from Buffalo have complete receiving and shipping depots, warehouses, and docks, and the 
 grain elevator system, already operated on a large scale, is continually increasing in magnitude. 
 
 UNION PASSENGER DEPOT. 
 
 The need of a new union passenger depot have long been felt and efforts to secure one have been made from 
 time to time for more than fifteen years. In 1888, elaborate plans were prepared and the prospect for a new 
 structure was considered very favorable, but no result followed. A few years ago, the New York Central depot 
 was enlarged and some improvements made, but the necessity for a new and much more extensive structure is 
 greater than ever. A Union Station Commission of citizens now has the matter in hand and hopes are entertained 
 that some definite plan will be decided upon that will be satisfactory to all the interests involved. This commis- 
 sion comprises : Charles F. Bishop, Chairman ; Joseph E. Gavin, George K. Birge, M. Danahay, Robert F. 
 Schelling, E. H. Hutchinson, G. Fred Zeller, Edward H. Butler, R. B. Adam, and Frank C. Ferguson, 
 Secretary. The five last named constitute the Executive Committee, with Mr. Hutchinson as Chairman. 
 
 NEW YORK CENTRAL & HUDSON RIVER R. R. 
 
 The beginning of Buffalo's most important steam railroad connection, the New York Central & Hudson River 
 Railroad, was the completion, January 8, 1843, of thirty-one miles of track between Buffalo and .Attica, then called 
 the Buffalo & .Attica Railroad. This was long since absorbed into the magnificent " New York Central " system, 
 which has contributed largely to the growth and commercial importance of Twentieth Century riuffalo. In 
 addition to a tremendous freight traffic, the passenger train service of the road is simply marvelous, not only in the 
 number of its trains but in the travel facilities and conveniences afforded, not the least remarkable of which is the 
 rapidity and punctuality of transit. No other railroad in the world covering the same territorial area operates so 
 many and so reliable a number of express trains, or has a superior service in any way. The Empire State Express, 
 which covers the trip of 440 miles between Buffalo and New York in about eight hours, makes better time for the 
 distance than any other regular passenger train in the world. Another equally remarkable run is made by the 
 "Twentieth Century Limited," which runs over the New York Central and Lake Shore roads between New York 
 and Chicago, via Buffalo, a distance of 980 miles, in 20 hours. In addition to its Hudson, Harlem, Auburn, 
 Adirondack and minor divisions, the New York Central, controls the traffic of the Rome, Watertown & Ogdens- 
 burg road, the West Shore Railroad and the Boston & Albany road. Its Belt Line, encircling the city within 
 its limits, is an important factor in local passenger transportation ; and the service between Buffalo, Niagara Falls, 
 and points on the Niagara Frontier is also of great importance. 
 
 The West Shore Railroad between New York and Buffalo, now controlled by the New York Central & Hudson 
 River R. R., was completed in 1884. 
 
 ERIE RAILWAY. 
 
 The continuous line of what was formerly the New York, Lake Erie & Western Railway, between Buffalo and 
 New York, via Attica and HornellsviUe, was opened in 18.52. Half a century has seen vast changes and improve- 
 ments in the system that has developed into the present well-equipped "Erie" Railway. For many years the 
 main line ran from New York westward by way of HornellsviUe, Salamanca, and Dunkirk, and by way of Sala- 
 manca and famestown ; but Buffalo is no longer sidetracked, being the most important point on the road outside 
 of New York City. The Erie is furnishing an excellent passenger train service, not only to the east of Buffalo but 
 with important western connections and by a direct line to Chicago, via Jamestown. 
 
56 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 HENRY T. JAEGER. 
 
 General .^jjent, Passenger Department Erie Railway. Chairman and Secretary, Butlalo Passenger 
 Committee. (See pages 56. tJl and 03.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 57 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. 
 
 For many years the only passenger service connecting the great Pennsylvania system with Buffalo was by the 
 Northern Central trains, via Rochester and Canandaigua, and by those of the Western 'Sew York & Pennsylvania, 
 via Emporium. In 1900 the Pennsylvania Company acquired control of all the branches of the last-named com- 
 pany and is operating an extensive service, and proving a most important factor in providing passenger traffic 
 facilities between Buffalo and Pittsburg, Philadelphia, Chautauqua Lake, and other important points. The com- 
 pany contemplates many important improvements, which will enure to the advantage of Twentieth Century Buffalo. 
 
 DELAWARE, LACKAWANNA & WESTERN RAILROAD. 
 
 A most important territory was connected with Buffalo by rail when the line of the Delaware, Lackawanna & 
 Western Railroad was extended to this city from Binghamton, in 1883. Buffalo is now the western terminus of 
 this road, over which passes an enormous traffic in coal and other freights. A well regulated and effective passen- 
 ger service has been established, and the travel on the main line between Buffalo and New York, via Binghamton 
 and Scranton, is large and continually increasing. The "Lackawanna" is a favorite road with many regular 
 travelers. 
 
 LEHIGH VALLEY RAILWAY. 
 
 For many years the Lehigh Valley Railway had freight and passenger communication with Buffalo, from Penn- 
 sylvania points, over the lines of the Erie Railway. In 1880, the Lehigh Valley Railway secured a large tract of 
 land on the Tifft Farm, where extensive docks have been constructed and storage and shippmg facilities provided, 
 and in 1885 an independent line of road was completed to Buffalo from Geneva, connecting at Waverly with the 
 Lehigh system in Pennsylvania, through to Philadelphia and New York. The Lehigh's vast freight traffic is sup- 
 plemented by an extensive passenger business, for which the road is well equipped. 
 
 BUFFALO, ROCHESTER & PITTSBURG RAILROAD. 
 
 The Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg Railroad, from Punxsutawney, Pa., to Buffalo, 125 miles, was completed in 
 1883. The Buffalo division extends to Bradford, 78 miles. The Rochester Division, 94 miles, connects with the 
 Buffalo division at Ashford. The Middle and Pittsburg divisions extend from Bradford to Allegheny City, 206 
 miles. The Clearfield division extends from Reynoldsville and Falls Creek to Clearfield, 39 miles. Coal is the 
 principal freight carried by this road. The passenger service between local points is extensive and satisfactory. 
 
 LAKE SHORE & MICHIGAN SOUTHERN RAILWAY. 
 
 The Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway extends from Buffalo to Chicago, 5-iO miles, and is the great 
 connecting line for both freight and passenger traffic through and from Buffalo between the West and East. It has 
 branches from the main line connecting with Titusville, Oil City, Youngstown, Fort Wayne, Ypsilanti, Jackson, 
 Lansing, and Grand Rapids. The freight traffic is very heavy and the passenger service is comprehensive and 
 commensurate with the enormous demands upon it. 
 
 MICHIGAN CENTRAL & CANADA SOUTHERN RAILWAY. 
 
 The Michigan Central & Canada Southern Railway Company operates "The Niagara Falls Route," by way of 
 Canada, between Buffalo and Chicago, 535 miles, with branches connecting with Toledo, Bay City, Mackinaw City, 
 Grand Rapids, and South Haven. It handles a large volume of passenger traftic and its freight business is also of 
 great importance. 
 
 NEW YORK, CHICAGO & ST. LOUIS RAILROAD. 
 
 The New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad, "Nickel Plate," between Buffalo and Chicago, 523 miles, was 
 completed in 1882. It operates a good passenger train service and carries a vast amount of local and through 
 freight. 
 
 THE WABASH RAILROAD. 
 
 The Wabasn Railroad, through its Detroit-Buffalo line, which was extended to Buffalo in 1896, connects Buffalo 
 direct with Detroit, Chicago, Fort Wayne, St. Louis, Kansas City, and Omaha. The traftic, both freight and pas- 
 senger, into and out of Buffalo, over this line is large and continually increasing. Its passenger service is excellent. 
 
 GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY. 
 
 The Grand Trunk Railway system of Canada has been connected with Buffalo for over thirty years. It provides 
 an extensive freight and pass'enger service between Chicago, Port Huron, Toronto, Montreal, Quebec, and other 
 Canadian points. In both branches of traftic the volume is very large. 
 
58 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 E. F. KNIBLOE. 
 General Agent. Buffalo Creek Railroad. (See page 5!>.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 59 
 
 BUFFALO CREEK RAILROAD. 
 
 In the matter of railroad freight handling facilities, the first consideration is due to the Buffalo Creek Railroad, 
 operated by the Erie Railroad Company and the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company jointly as lessees, for whom E. 
 F. Knibloe is the general agent here, a position he has held since January I, 1892, when he succeeded R. F. Good- 
 man, who was general superintendent from 1883 until 1889, when the title was changed to that of general agent. 
 As now operated under the management of Mr. Knibloe, the road comprises what is known as the Main Line, 
 extending from its junction with the New York Central Railroad at Howard Street to the Peck Slip ; the Beach 
 Branch, extending from its junction with the Main Line at the TifTt Farm to the property of the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad on the lake front ; and the Prenatt Street Branch, extending from the crossing of its Main Line with 
 Prenatt Street eastw'ard in Prenatt Street to the line of the Lackawanna Railroad. The Main Line and Beach 
 Branch are double tracked, and the former has three main tracks from its crossing with the Buffalo Division of 
 the Pennsylvania Railroad and Erie Railroad to the Buffalo River. It connects with all the railroad lines entering 
 the city, except the Grand Trunk Railroad, and affords the only access by rail to about three-fourths of that por- 
 tion of the harbor of Buffalo devoted to through lake and rail traffic ; namely, the south side of the Buff'alo River 
 and the whole of the City Ship Canal, including the Lehigh Valley lake terminal at the Tifl't Farm. It must 
 also constitute the only rail connection for a large portion of the outer harbor. A glance at the southwestern sec- 
 tion of the map of Buffalo will emphasize the importance of the road to the rail and lake transportation interests 
 of the city. The traffic over the road is simply enormous. For a number of years past it has aggregated over 
 800,000 cars per year, amounting not infrequently to -4,500 cars per day. Although holding so favorable a posi- 
 tion, its relations with other roads and with shippers are based upon the most equitable conditions. Its rates are 
 the lowest in the country for similar service. Shippers located on its line have entire freedom of choice as to con- 
 necting line over which their business shall be forwarded and they are likewise given absolute equality in the mat- 
 ter of cars furnished and in all other incidents of the service, the shipper of one car occasionally and the shipper 
 whose business averages a hundred cars a day being treated with equal consideration. The influence of such a 
 terminal road, so located and thus operated, upon the commercial progress of Twentieth Century Buffalo can hardly 
 be overestimated, and it is no exaggeration of the facts in the case to assert that the city itself could better have 
 spared one of its trunk lines than this few miles of intermural road. 
 
 As a matter of general interest and for future reference, a brief review of the facts connected with the con- 
 struction of this purely Buffalo railroad is appropriate in this department of Twentieth Century Buffalo. 
 
 The road was built nearly forty years ago by James Adams, who had an abiding faith in a great commercial 
 future for Buffalo and who prophesied many of the recent industrial developments of the city. He secured the 
 financial support and general encouragement for the enterprise of Judge Asa Packer of Mauch Chunk. The Buffalo 
 Creek Railroad Company was organized under the general railroad laws of the State of New York, the articles of 
 incorporation being drawn June 10, 1868. The first officers of the company were : President, James Adams ; 
 Vice-President, John A. B. Campbell ; Secretary, William C. Alberger ; Treasurer, James N. Scatcherd, who, 
 September 10, 1869, was elected Secretary. The articles of association w-ere filed in the office of the Secretary of 
 State, January 20, 1869. Recognizing the importance of the proposed railroad, especially in facilitating the trans- 
 fer of its coal to lake vessels, the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company took an interest in the enterprise, representa- 
 tives of the road subscribing liberally to the stock and assisting the construction in various ways. September 22, 
 1869, Robert H. Sayre and Frederick Mercur, representing the Lehigh Valley Company, were elected Directors, 
 and December 2, 1869, Asa Packer, Robert A. Packer, W. L. Coyningham, Clarence A. Blake, and John P. Cox 
 (elected Treasurer), also Lehigh representatives, were added to the directorate. No important change took 
 place until August 13, 1879, when the number of directors was reduced from thirteen to seven, and a joint arrange- 
 ment made whereby the Erie Railroad became interested in the road, the directors chosen being Hugh J. Jewett, 
 Robert Harris, and H. S. Guthrie of the Erie ; and Robert A. Packer, Frederick Mercur, William H. Sayre, and 
 Eric L. Hedstrom of the Lehigh Valley. The officers elected at that time were : President, E. L. Hedstrom ; 
 Vice-President, Frederick Mercur ; Treasurer, William H. Sayre ; Secretary, H. S. Guthrie. For some years 
 after the acquirement of a joint interest by the Lehigh and Erie railroad companies the road was operated by the 
 local officers of those companies, the late Peter C. Doyle of the traffic department of the Lehigh Company hav- 
 ing charge of its traffic matters, and R. G. Taylor, Superintendent of the Erie Company, and his successor, 
 Charles Neilson, having charge of maintenance and transportation. This arrangement was terminated in 1883, 
 when Mr. Knibloe's predecessor, as above stated, was appomted General Superintendent in charge of operation 
 and traffic. 
 
 During the year 1883, the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company having begun the development of its great Tiflft 
 Farm terminal system, the Buffalo Creek Railroad Company undertook the extension of the Blackwell Canal, now 
 known as the City Ship Canal, through its land lying between the Hamburg turnpike and the lake to the borders 
 of the Lehigh Valley Company's property, whence it was extended by the latter company. The extension of the 
 two companies, amounting to 9,000 feet of waterway, with the freighfhouses and docks located thereon, was an 
 immense addition to the harbor facilities of Buffalo, and constitute one of the most important events in the de- 
 velopment of the citv. The portion of the work undertaken by the Buffalo Creek Railroad Company was com- 
 pleted in 1884. 
 
 December 31, 1889, the road was formally leased by the Buffalo Creek Railroad Company to the New York, 
 Lake Erie & Western Railroad Company and the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, and has since been jointly 
 operated by those corporations, as heretofore indicated. 
 
 The officers of the Buffalo Creek Railroad Company for 1903 are : President, Charles Steele, New York ; 
 Secretary and Treasurer, Wm. H. Sayre. 
 
60 
 
 TWENTIETH ChNTURV BUFFALO. 
 
 
 
 X 
 
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TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 61 
 
 BUFFALO RAILROAD REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 The following are the leading representatives, in Buffalo, of the passenger and freight departments of the 
 railroads named ; 
 
 New York Central Lines : Superintendent, Western Division, S. W. Everett, Central Station ; General 
 Agent, Passenger Department, Harry Parry, 377 Main Street ; District Passenger Agent, H. A. Thomas, 377 
 Main Street ; Excursion Manager, W. S. Randolph, 377 Main Street ; Division Freight Agent, Western Division, 
 Edwin H. Croly. 
 
 Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad: Same officials as the New York Central Lines. 
 
 West Shore Railroad : Same officials as the New York Central Lines. 
 
 Erie Railroad : Superintendent, Buffalo Division, Charles A. Brunn, at depot ; General Agent, Passent^er 
 Department, Henry T. Jaeger, 309 Main Street (Ellicott Square) ; Traveling Passenger Agent, R. F. Schornstein, 
 309 Main Street (Ellicott Square) ; Division Freight Agent, Joseph Deuel, 980 Ellicott Square ; City Passenger 
 Agent, George E. Chase, 309 Main Street ; Excursion Manager, J. O. Prescott, 309 Main Street. 
 
 Pennsvlvanl\ Railroad : Buffalo and Allegheny Valley Division, General Superintendent, Richard L. 
 O'Donnel, 6th floor, Mooney Building ; Division Ticket Agent, Buffalo, Rochester and Chautauqua Divisions 
 J. A. Fellows, 6th floor, Mooney Building ; Division Freight Agent, Buffalo, Rochester and Chautauqua Divisions, 
 E. T. Johnson, 6th floor, Mooney Building ; Superintendent, Buffalo and Rochester Divisions, Robert Bell • 
 Passenger Agent, Buffalo District, Blake P. Frazer, 307 Main Street (Ellicott Square). Principal Assistant 
 Engineer, C. P. McArthur, 6th floor, Mooney Building ; Superintendent of Motive Power, Buffalo and Allegheny 
 division, H. M. Carson, 6th floor, Mooney Building. 
 
 Northern Central Railway : Same officials as the Pennsylvania Lines. 
 
 Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad : Superintendent, Buffalo Division, C. J. Phillips ; 
 Division Passenger Agent, Fred P. Fox, 289 Main Street (Ellicott Square) ; Division Freight Agent, W. E. 
 Dowle, 44 Main Street ; Traveling Freight Agent, S. A. Jones, 44 Main Street. 
 
 Lehigh Valley Railroad : Superintendent, Buffalo Division, L. H. Van Allen ; Western Passenger 
 Agent, George R. Chesbrough, 369 Main Street ; Traveling Passenger Agent, H. H. Roberts, 369 Main Street ■ 
 Division Freight Agent, H. C. Burnett, Main and Seneca streets. 
 
 Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg Railroad : City Passenger Agent, W. U. Tunison, 305 Main Street 
 (Ellicott Square) ; Division Freight Agent, D. Lundergan,1096 Ellicott Square. 
 
 Grand Trunk Railway : Commercial Agent, R. W. Long, 285 Main Street (Ellicott Square) ; City 
 Passenger and Ticket Agent, Charles L. Coon, 285 Main Street (Ellicott Square). 
 
 Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway : Superintendent, Eastern Division, H. A. Worcester, 
 N. V. Central depot ; General Eastern Passenger Agent, J. W. Daly, 297 Main Street (Ellicott Square) ; Travel- 
 ing Passenger Agent, C. H. Chevee, 297 Main Street (Ellicott Square) ; Commercial Agent, F. L. Talcotl, 590 
 Ellicott Square ; Traveling Freight Agent, Lewis Grant, 590 Ellicott Square. 
 
 Michigan Central Railroad : General Eastern Passenger Agent, W. H. L-nderwood, 299 Main Street 
 (Ellicott Square) ; Traveling Passenger Agent, C. A. Carscadin, 299 Main Street (Ellicott Square) ; Assistant 
 General F'reight Agent, Carl Howe, 1034 Prudential Building ; Commercial Agent, John F. Morris, 1034 Pru- 
 dential Building ; Traveling Freight Agents, W. J. Leahy and C. F. Earls, 1034 Prudential Building. 
 
 Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo Railway : Interests in Buffalo represented by Michigan Central officials. 
 
 New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad (Nickel Plate) : Superintendent, Eastern Division, C. D. 
 Gorham, Abbott Road ; General Agent, Robert E. Payne, 291 Main Street (Ellicott Square) ; Traveling Passen- 
 ger .^gent, A. C. Showalter, 291 Main Street (Ellicott Square) ; Commercial Agent, J. H. Grant, 530 Prudential 
 Building. 
 
 Canadian Pacific Railway : City Passenger and Freight Agent, A. J. Shulman, 233 Main Street. 
 
 Wabash Railroad : Superintendent Buffalo Division, A. E. Robbins, 976 Ellicott Square ; General Agent, 
 Passenger Department, Robert F. Kelley, 287 Main Street (Ellicott Square) ; James Gass, New York State Pas- 
 senger Agent, 287 Main Street (Ellicott Square) ; City Passenger and Ticket Agent, J. M. Hoffner, 287 Main 
 Street (Ellicott Square) ; Division Freight Agent, J. J. Mossman, 972 Ellicott Square ; Traveling Freight Agent, 
 W. N. Price, 972 Ellicott Square. 
 
 Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway (Big Four Route) : General Eastern Passenger 
 Agent, C. S. Blackman, 210 Ellicott Square ; General Eastern Freight Agent, C. E. Crane, 88 Dun Building. 
 
 Chicago & Alton Railway : District Passenger Agent, J. W. Donald, 1128 Prudential Building ; Travel- 
 ing Freight Agent, Harry H. Boyd, 1128 Prudential Building. 
 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & Sr. Paul Railway : Commercial Agent, George T. Williams, 200 Ellicott Square. 
 
 Chicago & North-Western Railway : General Agent, W. M. Burgard, 301 Main Street (Ellicott 
 Square) ; Traveling Agents, E. B. Spain and H. B. Loucks, Jr., 301 Main Street (Ellicott Square). 
 
 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway : City Passenger Agent, A. Jackson, 120 Ellicott Square ; 
 Commercial Agent, A. S. Collins, 120 Ellicott Square. 
 
 Buffalo & Susquehanna R.\ilroad : Chairman of the Board, F. H. Goodyear ; Second Vice-President and 
 General Manager, C. W. Goodyear ; General Freight and Passenger Agent, H. H. Gardiner, 960 Ellicott Square. 
 
62 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
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 P 
 
TWENTIETH CEXTURV BUFFALO. 63 
 
 BUFFALO RAILROAD REPRESENTATIVES. — (Continued from page 61.) 
 
 Buffalo Creek Railroad : General Agent, E. F. Knibloe, 364 EUicott Square. 
 
 Pittsburg, Sh.wvmut & Northern Railroad : Coal Agent, G. H. Jones. 
 
 Dunkirk, Allegheny Valley & Pittsburg Railroad : Operated by the Lake Shore & Michigan 
 Southern Railroad. Superintendent, T. W. Niles. 
 
 Northern Pacific Railway : District Passenger Agent, W. G. Mason ; Traveling Freight Agent, E. E. 
 I >elaney, 215 Ellicott Square. 
 
 Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railway : Freight and Passenger Agent, A. J. Shulman, 
 233 Main Street ; General Agent, J. C. Maclay, 904 EUicott Square. 
 
 Great Northern Railway : General Eastern Passenger Agent, W. M. Lowrie, 408 Prudential Building ; 
 Traveling Freight Agent, H. G. Dow, 408 Prudential Building ; Traveling Passenger Agent, Geo. Eighmy, Jr. 
 320 Prudential Building. 
 
 Union Pacific Railro.\d : Traveling Passenger Agent, A. Lundquist, 301 Main Street ; Traveling Freight 
 Agent, George J. Needham. 
 
 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Ff. Railway : Commercial Agent, E. W. Demarest ; Passenger Agent 
 Charles A. Marsh, 220 Ellicott Square. 
 
 Illinois Central Railroad : Traveling Passenger Agent, G. B. Wyllie, 210 EUicott Square. 
 
 Chicago Gre.\t Western Railway : Traveling Passenger Agent, J. T. Douglass ; Traveling Freight 
 Agent, W. H. Ward ; Contracting Freight Agent, Robert F. Douglas ; Chief Clerk, G. W. Emerick, 225 Ellicott 
 Square. 
 
 New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad : Commercial Agent, A. B. Walmsley, 512 Pruden- 
 tial Building. 
 
 Pere Marquette System : Commercial Agent, J. E. Clark, 412 Prudential Building. 
 
 The Pullman Company : District Superintendent, J. K. Bennett. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION CLUB. 
 
 The Transportation Club of Buffalo, N. Y. , was organized March 5, 1898, to encourage social relations and 
 promote a spirit of friendship among its members, who are acceptable male employees of transportation com- 
 panies located in Buffalo and for whose families a death benefit is provided. The first president was the late 
 Thomas S. Timpson. His successors were : 1899, A. A. Heard ; 1900, F. B. Emery ; 1901, Charles E. Mark- 
 ham ; 1902, Alonzo E. Robbins. The officials for 1903 are : President, W. M. Lowrie ; Yice-Presidents, Bert L. 
 Jones, Carl Howe, G. R. Chesbrough, and H. H. Gardiner ; Secretary, W. S. Nevins, a position he has filled 
 since 1898 ; Treasurer, Blake P. Frazer ; Executive Committee, A. E. Robbins, F. B. Emery and George L. 
 Williams ; Membership Committee, F. C. Talcott, H. A. Lewis, A. P. Blosier, H. G. Dow, and C. H. Seymour ; 
 House Committee, F. A. Gross, Paul Warren, and George G. Street. There are about 250 members. The club 
 rooms are in the Prudential Buildmg, but it is expected that during 1903 more commodious quarters will 
 be secured. 
 
 CENTRAL R_\ILWAY CLUB. 
 
 The Central Railway Club, which meets in Buffalo, is an organization of representatives of the construction and 
 mechanical departments of various railroads centering at Buffalo. The officials for 1903 are : President, George 
 W. West, superintendent of the Motive Power of the N. Y. O. & W. Railway ; Vice-President, J. A. Barhydt, 
 master mechanic of the B., R. & P. R. R., Rochester ; Secretary, Harry Vought, New York ; Assistant Secretary, 
 B. M. Tate, Buffalo, secretary to H. H. Hewitt, president of the Magnus Metal Company. The Excutive Com- 
 mittee, besides the officers, are : James Macbeth, master car builder of the New York Central ; Charles G. 
 Turner, superintendent motive power, B. R. & P. R. R., Rochester; L. R. Pomeroy, of New York City, special 
 representative of the railroad department of the General Electric Company ; W. H. Rosevear, chief clerk of the 
 car department of the Grand Trunk, Montreal. 
 
 BUFFALO RAILROAD PASSENGER COMMITTEE. 
 
 Chairman and Secretary, Henry T. Jaeger, 309 Main Street. Roads represented : Buffalo, Rochester cS: Pitts- 
 burg Railroad, Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad, Erie Railroad, Grand Trunk Railway, Lake Shore & 
 Michigan Southern Railroad, Lehigh Valley Railroad, Michigan Central RaUroad, New York Central & Hudson 
 River Railroad, New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad, Pennsylvania Railroad, Wabash Railroad, West Shore 
 Railroad. 
 
 BUFFALO WESTBOUND PASSENGER COMMITTEE. 
 
 Chairman, Henry T. Jaeger, 309 Main Street. Roads represented : Erie Railroad, Grand Trunk Railway, 
 Lake Shore iS: Michigan Southern Railroad, Michigan Central Railroad, New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad, 
 Wabash Railroad. 
 
64 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 as 
 a: 
 
 2 
 D 
 
 -n £ 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 65 
 
 Photo by Hall. 
 
 CHARLES A. BRVNN. 
 Superintendent. Buffalo Division Erie Railroad. (See page 61.) 
 
66 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 £ I 
 
 
 < 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 67 
 
 BUFFALO EAST-BOUND PASSENGER COMMITTEE. 
 
 Chairman, Henry T. Jaeger, 309 Main Steet. Roads represented : Erie Railroad, New York Central Railroad, 
 Pennsylvania Railroad, Lehigh Valley Railroad, Lackawanna Railroad. 
 
 NEW YORK CENTRAL UNION DEPOT TICKET AGENCY. 
 
 At the ticket office in the union depot of the New York Central Railroad, on Exchange Street, are sold tickets 
 for passengers on the New York Central, West Shore, Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg, Lake Shore, Grand 
 Trunk, Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo, Canadian Pacific, Michigan Central, Pennsylvania, and Buffalo, Rochester & 
 Pittsburg railroads and Pullman coach tickets for limited trains. As over 130 trains leave the depot daily, the 
 business is necessarily very large and difficult to handle. It is in charge of Earl N. Blood, who has held the 
 position for fourteen years. 
 
 VANDERBILT LINES UP-TOWiN TICKET OFFICE. 
 
 For the convenience of the traveling public the various city ticket offices of the Vanderbilt lines were consoli- 
 dated May 1, 1903, and placed in charge of Robert B. Holmes, at 377 Main Street, northeast corner of Eagle Street. 
 
 EXPRESS TRAVEL DEPARTMENT. 
 
 An important adjunct to the transportation interests, including rail and boat, and particularly Buffalo lines, is 
 the Express Travel Department. It was established nearly ten years ago by The Express as part of its newspaper 
 business, the aim being to give the traveling public reliable and complete information regarding travel lines, hotels, 
 and resorts in America, and all Atlantic and Pacific steamship lines. This service has proved effective and far 
 reaching, taking in as it does a large section of the Northern States. It furnishes travel and resort information 
 and printed matter without expense to the public. The Express Travel Department is part of the main business 
 office of the newspaper, and is conducted entirely in the interest of its readers and advertisers. It is particularly 
 valuable to many people living away from the city who are unable to obtain near at hand all they want to know- 
 about travel lines and hotels. Each year shows a larger number of inquires from travelers as the means and disposi- 
 tion to travel increase. The favorable geographical position of Buffalo, as shown during the Pan-American Expo- 
 sition, as the center of more than half the population of the United States and three-fourths that of Canada, 
 indicates how important Buffalo's location is to the great transportation lines, practically every one of which, as 
 shown elsewhere in Twentieth Century Buffalo, is directly represented by agents in this city. 
 
 BUFFALO & SUSQUEHANNA RAILROAD. 
 
 The Buffalo & Susquehanna Railroad is essentially a Buffalo enterprise. The road is being rapidly constructed 
 and when completed will connect Buffalo with a very important territory. It will extend sixty miles south 
 of Sinnamahoning to Dubois, with branches, opening up very extensive bituminous coal fields and lumber territory ; 
 continuing eighty miles from its present northern terminus at \Vellsville in Allegany County into Buffalo. The 
 total mileage will be 327 miles. The Buffalo S: Susquehanna Railroad Company was incorporated September 2, 
 1902, capital stock $10,000,000. Directors : Frank H. Goodyear, Chairman ; Charles W. Goodyear, Anson C. 
 Goodyear, G. AL Sicard, \V. A. Rogers, \Vilson S. Bissell, Joseph P. Dudley, Frank S. McGraw, Ganson Depew, 
 and John H. Lascelles of Buffalo. 
 
 BUFFALO FREIGHT COMMITTEE. 
 
 Chairman, E. T. Johnson ; Secretary, G. L. Traenkle, 633 Mooney Building. Rooms, 1058 Ellicott Square. 
 Companies represented : Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg Railway, Cleveland and Buffalo Transit Company, 
 Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad, Erie Railroad, Grand Trunk Railway, Lake Shore & Michigan 
 Southern Railway, Lehigh Valley Railroad, Michigan Central Railroad, New York Central cS: Hudson River Rad- 
 road. New York, Chicago cS: St. Louis Railroad, Pennsylvania Railroad, Wabash Railroad, West Shore Railroad. 
 
 VANDERBILT FREIGHT BUREAU. 
 
 A freight traffic bureau of the railroads in the Vanderbilt system of railroads having terminals in Buffalo was 
 recently established in Buffalo, with George H. Stevens as superintendent. The business of the bureau is to 
 facilitate the transfer of cars from one line to another, and to keep a systematic record of the freight movement 
 at Buffalo. 
 
 FAST FREIGHT LINES. 
 
 The fast freight lines represented in Buffalo are : Canadian Southern Line, Commercial Express Line, Erie 
 Despatch, Inland Transportation Dispatch, Inter State Dispatch, Lehigh Valley Dispatch, Lehigh Valley Trans- 
 portation Company, Red, White, Blue, and Canadian lines, West Shore, Nickel Plate and North Shore lines. New 
 York Transit Company, National Dispatch, and Great Eastern Fast Freight lines. New York Central and W'est 
 Shore Fast Freight lines. 
 
68 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Photo by Hall 
 
 CHARLES W. JULLER. 
 
 Pioneer in the Carriage and Transfer business. President of the C. \\". Miller Transfer Co. 
 
 (See page 09.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. fiO 
 
 LOCAL FREIGHT AGENTS ASSOCIATION OF BUFFALO. 
 
 President, R. J. Cannon, Grand Trunk Railway ; Vice-President, J. H. Pake, live stock agent, New York 
 Central & Hudson River Railroad ; Secretary, A. N. Elder, Grand Trunk Railway ; Corresponding Secretary, G. 
 B. Rathfon, New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad ; Treasurer, E. S. Simpson, Lake Shore & Michigan 
 Southern Railroad. 
 
 WESTERN NEW YORK CAR SERVICE ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Territory, Western New York and Northwestern Pennsylvania ; C. \V. Bradley, Manager. 1064 Ellicott Square. 
 
 CENTRAL RAILWAY CLEARING HOUSE. 
 
 Manager, William Nicholson, 736 Mooney Building. Roads represented : New York Central & Hudson River 
 Railroad and leased lines. Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad, Boston & Albany Railroad, Cleveland, 
 Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad, Dayton & Union Railroad, Dunkirk, Alleghany Valley & Pittsburg 
 Railroad, New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad, Pittsburg & Lake Erie Railroad, Lake Erie & Western Rail- 
 road, West Shore Railroad. 
 
 BUFFALO JOINT WEIGHING AND INSPECTION BUREAU. 
 
 Joint Chief Inspector, J. H. Limberger. .516 Prudential Building. 
 
 EXPRESS COMPANIES. 
 
 American Express Company : C. A. Daugherty, General Agent. Chief offices, corner Main and Erie streets. 
 Canadian Express and N,\tional Express: H. A. Maydole, Agent, 3 South Division Street, Ellicott 
 Square. 
 
 Canadian Pacific Express: Norman MacCullum, Agent, 666 Ellicott Square. 
 
 Pacific Express Company : T. T. Gould, General Agent, 22 Swan Street, Ellicott Square. 
 
 United States Express Company : T. T. Gould, General Agent, as above. 
 
 Wells, Fargo & Co. : H. E. Manchester, Agent, D. S. Morgan Building, Pearl and Niagara streets. 
 
 The Adams Express : Will come to Buffalo in the near future. 
 
 C. W. MILLER TRANSFER COMPANY. 
 
 For more than thirty years the bulk of the business of carrying passengers and baggage to and from trains and 
 steamboats in Buffalo has been done by the concern now known as the C. W. Miller Transfer Company, of which 
 Charles W. Miller is President and Leroy F. Kendall, Secretary and Treasurer. In 1847, Tacob S. Miller estab- 
 lished a city omnibus line. At his death, in 185.5, his son, Charles W. Miller, took control and has been actively 
 identified with the carriage, omnibus, and baggage wagon service, popularly known as " Miller's," ever since. 
 The railroad and steamer baggage collection and transfer system is remarkably well organized and efficient, and 
 the carriage, coach, and coup6 service provided for general local use is comprehensive and excellent in every way. 
 The carriage and horse barn of the Miller Company, on West Huron Street, is one of the largest and best equip- 
 ped in the country. The main office of the company is on Eagle Street, opposite the main entrance of the Hotel 
 Iroquois. 
 
 OUR OWxN DELIVERY. 
 
 " Our Own Delivery " was established about seven years ago, to perform an indispensable daily service to thou- 
 sands of business men and others. The firm is composed of Alvin I. Loomis and Marcus G. Benjamin, and 
 their headquarters are at 32-42 Edward Street, in the Cyclorama building. This is one of the largest concerns of 
 its kind in the State, and has a continually growing patronage. ' Our Own Delivery and Storage Company was 
 incorporated February 1, 1901. Among its customers are all the leading business houses of the city. Package 
 delivery in all its branches is a specialty. 
 
 The company employs about sixty persons, runs about forty wagons, and has first-class facilities for moving, 
 storing, packing, and shipping furniture, and can make shipments at a saving of freight to Denver and points on 
 the Pacific Coast. Daily deliveries are made to all the near-by towns at lower rates than by the freight or express 
 companies, thus effecting a clean saving of money to shippers, and consequently to customers also. The manage- 
 ment has been so efficient that the business has reached remarkable proportions, has proved of vast advantage to 
 the thousands whom it serves. Messrs. Loomis and Benjamin conduct a similar business in Rochester, where Mr. 
 Loomis has been identified in this work for more than twenty years. A successful feature of Our Own Delivery is 
 its C. 0. D. system, by which merchants can send goods to customers, the driver collecting the bill, and in due 
 course Our Own Delivery promptly pays it over to the merchant. The company also delivers from freight 
 houses direct to customers or consumers. Goods are shipped in their care, and by them distributed to the stores 
 ordering. Goods are also held on hand for delivery on agents' orders. More than 200 representatives of outside 
 firms do all their business from the office of this concern. 
 
 The delivery and collection of trunks and parcels in the city is an extensive branch of the company's business. 
 Many parcel delivery concerns started in Buffalo prior to Our Own Delivery, which alone has succeeded in gaining 
 the confidence of the public. The business of Our Own Delivery is outgrowing its present quarters and will 
 shortly be removed to a larger home. Our Own Delivery is recognized as one of Buffalo's most reputable institu- 
 tions in the line of transportation and storage. 
 
70 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 HfMORJALBOULD£R 
 
 MEMORIAL BOULDER. 
 
 Placed at the Front (Fort Porter) in honor of the 13th Regiment, U. S. Army, 
 formerly stationed in Buffalo. The boulder was transported by J. F. Kulp & Son. (See page 71.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 71 
 
 J. ¥. KULP & SON. 
 
 For the street transportation of very heavy or very bulky goods, such as machinery and safes, not only is especial 
 tackle, wagons, and equipment necessary, but great skill is absolutely required. No one in Buffalo has had greater 
 experience in this line than Justus F. Kulp. If some especially difficult proposition concerning the removal and 
 carting of ponderous articles arises, the cry immediately raised is : "Send for Kulp." While he has for many years 
 done a general cartage business he has given attention more particularly to handling bulky freights. He has accom- 
 plished many remarkable cartage feats, including the transportation to its resting place at Fort Porter of the 70,000 
 pounds 13th Regiment memorial boulder (see illustration on opposite page). Recently, he admitted to partner- 
 ship with him his son, Frank H. , who had for several years been his assistant, the firm now being J. F. Kulp & Son, 
 with offices at No. 6 White Building. 
 
 NIAGARA CARTING COMPANY. 
 
 One of the largest and most important businesses of its kind in Twentieth Century Buffalo is that of the Niagara 
 Carting Company, which for the past ten years has been a leader in the transferring and forwarding business. 
 This company was established in 1892, at No. 24 Erie Street, by R. G. Martin, President. So rapidly did the 
 business grow, that about four years ago the offices were removed to No. 244 Main Street and very recently to No. 
 204A Ellicott Square. The storage warehouse is located at No. 236 West Genesee Street and is one of the largest 
 in the city. The company has twenty trucks and vans and ten single wagons in use, and has a business which 
 gives constant employment to all of them. A specialty is made of the moving of pianos and heavy articles, and a 
 force of twenty-five experienced men are employed to do this work. The best and most improved moving appa- 
 ratus is used. The work covers all parts of the city. A feature of the business is general carting to and from the 
 railroads and docks to the leading business houses of the city, as well as the general storing of goods of all descrip- 
 tions. A special room is used for the storage of pictures and pianos, trunks, etc. 
 
 Mr. R. G. Martin, the President of the company, is prominent in the commercial world and enjoys the fullest 
 confidence of all his business associates. 
 
 O. J. GLENN. 
 
 One of the best-known men in Buffalo in the moving and carting business is O. J. Glenn, who maintains a 
 principal office at the corner of Church and Franklin streets and has branch offices at Nos. 148 Elm Street and 
 878 Seneca Street, and who does a large amount of carting express work, giving especial attention to piano mov- 
 ing, being an expert in that line. He is also entrusted with a large amount of contract work. The business was 
 established in 1877 by Mr. Glenn at No. 148 Elm Street. He opened an office at Church and Franklin streets 
 about twelve years ago. He does business all over the city and suburbs in moving and carting of all kinds and is 
 a large distributor of freight for many leading firms out of town. Mr. Glenn has an extensive patronage from 
 pleasure parties, and owns a number of tallyhos, 'busses and big sleighs. These have become very popular, and 
 tallyho and sleighing parties never were perfect unless Mr. Glenn's fine rigs were used. 
 
 He employs from sixty to seventy-five men and runs thirty w'agons of all kinds, and has twenty carriages of every 
 description to let at all times. He has his own blacksmithing, woodworking, and paint shops at 138 Elm Street. 
 Mr. Glenn was burned out in 1887, but quickly recovered from this setback. Mr. Glenn's patrons have uniformly 
 received the best of treatment, and they never have occasion to complain of high prices or careless handling of 
 goods if he does their work. 
 
 BURNHAM'S. 
 
 For storing goods, buying or selling second-hand furniture or safes, mercantile carting, baggage express, city 
 or country moving, Burnham's Central Storage and Carting Company, 492 to 496 Washington Street, has an envi- 
 able reputation. The proprietors are J. W. Burnham and his son, .\rthur E. Burnham. None but careful and 
 experienced men to handle the goods entrusted to them. Six teams and a dozen men are regularly employed by 
 Burnham's. The storerooms are of ample dimensions, about .50,000 square feet of floor surface being occupied by 
 the company. There are 300 separate rooms at rates from seventy-five cents a month up. Firewalls through the 
 building afford protection to goods stored. The company stores, moves, and packs for shipping pianos and all 
 kinds of household goods. When goods are going a long distance, or to be shipped on the cars, they should, of 
 course, be handled and packed by experienced men, and with the methods of precaution of this company. When 
 great precautions are needed, padded vans are used for moving articles. The company does a considerable busi- 
 ness in buying and selling second-hand goods, always giving a fair price for such furniture. There is no more hon- 
 oralile or reliable house in this line in the city. 
 
 WILLIAM BURNS. 
 
 Prominent among the contractors controlling the carting and moving in Twentieth Century Buffalo is William 
 Burns, whose office is located in Room No. 4 Stafford Building, at the corner of Church and Pearl streets, and 
 whose work extends all over the city, embracing the patronage of many of the largest business houses and manu- 
 facturing concerns, and very many of the leading families. Mr. Burns has been identified with the carting interests 
 for more than eighteen years, for the past eleven years having conducted the business for himself. He owns a fine 
 equipment of large vans and wagons, a fine stable of horses and employs a force of experienced and competent 
 men at all times, the number being materially increased during the busy season. A specialty is made of piano 
 moving, and Mr. Burns has all the facilties necessary for handling the largest and heaviest instruments under the 
 most difficult conditions with perfect safety. In the handling of valuable and bulky household articles he is also 
 
72 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 GEORGE N. PIERCE. 
 
 Pioneer manufacturer of Bicycles and .'\utomobiles. Founder of ttie firm of 
 Geo. N. Pierce & Co. (See page 75.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 73 
 
 an expert, and he guarantees the transfer of the most fragile goods free from injury or breakage. Mr. Burns 
 does a large trucking and delivery business for the principal department and other leading stores and has always 
 given entire satisfaction. He is thoroughly experienced, practical and up to date, honorable in all his dealings, 
 and his rates compare favorably with anyone in the business. 
 
 JONES BROTHERS. 
 
 Among the oldest established and best-known firms engaged in the livery business is that of Jones Brothers, 
 located at No. 302 and 304 \'ermont Street, near Fourteenth Street, established in 188.5 by Harry C. Jones, who, 
 in 1889, was joined by his brother, Gary W. Jones, with the firm name of Jones Brothers, to carry on a coach and 
 coupd, boarding and livery stable business, and also making a specialty of buying and selling fine horses on com- 
 mission. A fine three-story brick building, 50 x 120 feet in size, is occupied and provided with more than fifty 
 well-lighted, well-ventilated, and perfectly-drained stalls. These are all on the ground floor, easy of access and 
 fitted with every convenience for the comfort of the animals. The offices, harness, and wash rooms are also on 
 this floor. The other floors are devoted to the keeping of feed and the storage of wagons, sleighs, cutters, etc. 
 Six competent men are employed in the stables. 
 
 The firm also operates a large flour, feed, and grain store and sale stable at No. 316 Rhode Island Avenue, 
 which was established some two years ago and has already secured a flourishing trade. It is under the direct 
 management of Mr. H. C. Jones. 
 
 The liveries furnished by the Jones Brothers are among the finest to be found in the city — speedy, show'y, and 
 safe, and always in demand. The firm owns large party 'busses and sleighs for either winter or summer use. 
 Especial care is given to the boarding department and many fine animals belonging to the best citizens of Buffalo 
 are stabled there. In the sales department horses are bought and sold on commission, and the finest driving, 
 work, or saddle horses are to be secured at all times. Every animal sold is guaranteed to be as represented. 
 They are by far the largest concern in this line on the West Side and one of the most important in the city. 
 
 KEYSTONE TRANSFER COMPANY. 
 
 -A very important addition to the carting facilities of Twentieth Century Buffalo has been made by the organi- 
 zation of the Keystone Transfer Company, which is thoroughly equipped in every way to do promptly all kinds 
 of local work in the transfer of freight and general merchandise. The company has a large and modern outfit of 
 wagons and drays for all cartage purposes, with good horses, effective tackle and appurtenances, and an efficient 
 corps of skillful cartmen and helpers under the direction of men of long experience in the business. The stables 
 of the company are on Myrtle Avenue, near Louisiana Street, and its business offices are in the new Fidelity Trust 
 Buildmg, corner of Main and Swan streets. -A further notice of this company will be found in the Postscript to 
 this part of Twentieth Century Buffalo. 
 
 MOTOR CARRIAGE TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 After other titles have been temporarily used the name of "automobile" applied to road vehicles operated by 
 other than man- or horse-power appears to be the one destined for permanent use. The automobile has alre.idy 
 demonstrated its importance as a factor in the solution of the problems of modern road transportation, and as an 
 upbuilder of good roads its influence is of immense value, and to its use has been transferred much of the 
 enthusiam aroused by the bicycle craze. Eight years ago France held the supremacy in the manufacture and use 
 of the automobile, but American skill, perseverance, and enterprise has taken the lead from the energetic and 
 ingenious Frenchmen, and American-built automobiles not only take precedence at home but are fast supplanting 
 those of foreign make on European territory. In America, after a vigorous struggle with alert competitors, the 
 primary object of the automobile invention, namely, to supply a vehicle that shall effectually supplant the horse in 
 that branch of work beyond his powers or excessively exhausting, has been satisfactorily attained. The success in 
 this direction achieved in America is very largely due to the factory system, or repetition of a standard model to 
 a pitch not only unknown in Europe but, for well-known industrial reasons, unlikely ever to be adopted there. 
 This system is illustrated by the enormous production of horse buggies of a most serviceable character at 
 remarkable prices, and the same system will achieve resultsof the same character in the production of automobiles 
 for general use. The system is well understood in Twentieth Century Buffalo, and no more desirable automobile 
 sale center exists anywhere than this beautiful city. Setting aside the idea of supplanting the locomotive for 
 transportation purposes or of providing the ultra-rich with dangerous racing machines, several Buffalo manufac- 
 turers are striving to extend the automobile industry in the production of good commercial forms and on large 
 and enterprising lines, and these individual competitive efforts promise to bring this city as an automobile 
 manufacturing center to the premier place in the United States in this line of industry, and a position second to 
 none in the world. 
 
74 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 TYPES OF BUFFALO AUTOMOBILES, 1903. 
 
 (See page 75.) 
 
 EIGHT-HORSE-POWER CONR.AD GASOLINE RUNABOUT. 
 
 TWELVE-HORSE-POWER CONRAD GASOLINE TOURING CAR. 
 Made by the Conrad Motor Carriage Co., Buffalo N. V. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 75 
 
 CONRAD MOTOR CARRIAGES. 
 
 T tT?^ r^°T "'^^ ^T^ 'f ''"^ '"°'', '^'"■""gli ^"d comprehensive in developing the automobile industry in 
 Twentieth Century Buffalo, the Conrad Motor Carriage Company is entitled to the very highest consideration. 
 The mdustnal effor s of this concern have been most persistent and intelligent. The company was established in 
 1900, and from that time those who had direction of its affairs have bent their energies towards the production of 
 resuhs'' "'°" ''°'"'''"<= ^" that experience proved to be most desirable in order to secure permanent 
 
 The company ow-ned and acquired a number of valuable patents. It erected especial machinery, which was im- 
 proved or supplanted as rapidly as was found necessary. It aimed from the outset to produce all the parts essential 
 to the completion of a perfect vehicle and to turn out an automobile which would not require an engineer to operate 
 It. It succeeded in attaining a remarkable degree of perfection in the manufacture of steam motor carriages, and it 
 , tv^ I '"PP'"='^' ^"'^ '^ continuing to supply, a very large demand for this type of vehicle, especially for a well- 
 
 ,. - . • .. ^- J, ri — t..«i.«^i.u.. u. iiiij very best type of eas- 
 
 oline motor carruiges. In fact, so prompt and effective were its arrangements that the company was able very early 
 in the season of 1903 to turn out hundreds of completed vehicles of the new type, and the factory is being operated 
 night and day to its fullest capacity. It has also been found necessary to lease a large amount of additional floor 
 space in an adjacent building. The gasoline motor carriages produced bv the Conrad Company are of two tvpes 
 one a comparatively light runabout, an exceedingly useful vehicle, and a twelve-horse-power touring car Both of 
 these are m every point equal to the highest grade of French construction, with double cylinder vertical engines in 
 ront and sliding gear transmission upon the well-known " Pauhard " system. The former is listed at f 750 and the 
 lattei at f 1, J50 which are exceedingly reasonable prices, when the high quality of material employed, the accurate 
 mechanism, and the skillful construction are borne in mind. Both types are capable of some variation to suit the 
 taste of purchasers in the matter of seating, tops, etc. The Conrad Company is most efficiently organized in 
 every departrnent arid Us officers are business men of acknowledged capacity. They are: President, Captain 
 Marcus M. Drake; \ ice-President, F. P. Conrad, the founder of the business, an experienced carriage buildefand 
 constructor of motor vehicles ; Secretary and Manager of Sales, E. B. Olmstead, a pioneer in automobile affairs 
 who has especially made a long and careful study of gasoline problems ; Treasurer, William E. Peugeot ; General 
 Manager, G. \\ . Atterbury. The office and factory are at 1413-1419 Niagara Street. 
 
 THE GEO. X. PIERCE COMPANY. 
 
 George N. Pierce, who has for many years been one of Buffalo's most enterprising and energetic manufacturers 
 and who Irom comparatively small beginnings has built up a world-wide reputation for the Pierce make of bicycles 
 has, in addition, turned his attention to the production of automobiles. The concern, of which he is the head the 
 Geo N. Pierce Company, in this new direction has already established a reputation as favorable as that made in 
 the bicycle line. 1 he Pierce bicycle is everywhere recognized as the equal of the very best produced, and the same 
 recognition is being extended to the Pierce motorettes wherever they are used. These vehicles are not summer-day 
 toys, but are built for all seasons, for all topographical conditions, and for all kinds of weather. Under the most 
 adverse surroundings they have met every reasonable requirement and have proved entirely satisfactory for all sorts 
 of travelers use on all kinds of roads. The Pierce models for 1903 are the five-horse-power'runabout, the 6 J-^horse- 
 power btanhope, and the sixteen-horse-power Arrow motor car. The designs are very attractive, especially the Stan- 
 hope, for nearly all of the business has been done on this line. The noise of the exhaust has been almost entirely 
 eliminated this year, owing to a new system adopted in construction. The prices range from .$1,000 to .$2 500 The 
 fierce factory is located at 18 Hanover Street, the business office is in the Potter Building, lower Main Street and 
 the sales rooms are at 686 Main Street. The officers of the Geo. N. Pierce Company are : President, George N. 
 Pierce; \ ice-President, Henry May; Treasurer, Charles Clifton ; Secretarv, L. H. Gardner 
 
 CARRIAGE BUILDERS. 
 
 Very closely identified with the transportation interests of Twentieth Century Buffalo is the construction of 
 vehicles for road use m passenger and merchandise traffic. Among the most prominent local carriage builders are 
 
 THE KING SPRING COMPANY. 
 
 ,1, T-'''^ "t^"^ °^ ^'^^^ running and comfortable springed gears is universally recognized, and, as a consequence, 
 the King bprings made in Buffalo are popular and appreciated. So extensive is their use that the King Spring 
 company, the makers, have grown to be the largest exporters in their line in the world. This company was 
 ijTn x?'"'"^ c" ^^'^til'slied in 1886, and two years later began business at the present quarters, Nos. 1400 to 
 141U Niagara Street. The unquestionable excellence of their products and the up-to-date methods which marked 
 the management of the business quickly placed the company in the lead, and to-day they rank hi"h amonc^ the 
 manufacturers of Twentieth Century Buffalo. The plant is established in three buildings, one of three stories 
 high with floor 32 x 165 feet in size, another two stories and 30 x 100 feet, and the third of one story, used as the 
 lifacksmith shop, 6o x 60 feet. These buildings are fitted with the very latest and most modem liiachinery, and 
 more than thirty-hve men are employed the year round. The company makes a specialty of the manufacture of 
 
76 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 HON. \V. CARYL ELV. 
 President, International Traction Co. (See page 79.) 
 
TWENTIETH CEXTL'RV BUFFALO. 
 
 the King Springs in various sizes ; also gearirons, carriages and bueeies in the wliiie whe^k ,n,l ,.„!,; i 
 automobile bodies, gears and other parts of motor vehicles ; in fact, efery kind of veh cle readv to 1 ™ '^ P"'!' 
 or tr.mmed all ready to paint. They sell their ™ods all over his .Ltnl, l^fiU!!'^ i°'"^:.^"!^ P^'."'' 
 
 , >:, — "■ "•"^"' .v..wv.ita , 111 lacu, every Kma 01 venic e ready to tr m and mint 
 
 med all ready to pamt. They se 1 their goods all over this continent, and ship vas quanUiestoS 
 V • If company are justly famed for the high grade of quality of material used, for excellence of work 
 mansh.p, and for the fact that every article is thoroughly tested before it is allowed to leave the shoPS Th; 
 oncers are: Christ W esp, President; George Wesp, Vice-President and Director. The former is the son of 
 man ' RotT\ ?" Ch"' °i XV ' f^-°- Niagara Starch Works, and is a progressive and aggressive su'ces u Ibusmess 
 man Both Mr. Chi 1st W esp and Mr George Wesp are prominent factors in the commercial world, and have a 
 large experience in their chosen line of industry. ' ^ ^ 
 
 MEYER WAGON WORKS. 
 
 Among the transportation line of industries which have contributed to the making of Twentieth Century Buffalo 
 he Meyer XVagon XNorks is entitled to prominent notice. The excellent wagons and carriages manufactured l; 
 this concern are most favorably known, not only in this city and Western nIw York but throughout v^anv 
 adjoining States. The company was established in 1880, at Nos. 70 and 72 Elm Street, by A. W and Frederick 
 Meyen Dunng ,he following hve years the business grew to such proportions that the present commodious build 
 ings Nos. 95 and 97 Elm Street, were erected in 1885. The new factory is of brick, four stories hi^h 50 x 50 ^ 
 on the ground and containing more than 10,000 square feet floor space, fully equipped with the rat;st and mos 
 improved machinery. The umber and other materials used in the vehicles produced is specially selected whh a 
 view to perfection in the furnished article, a large and complete stock being alwavs kept on hand At 'he Buffalo 
 Exposition, held at the fair grounds n 1886, the firm had the finest exhibit^of carriages and won he h ghest prTzes 
 for quality and workmanship. In 1897, A. W. Meyer retired from the firm and the Meyer Wagon Works va 
 organized Lnder this name it has been known ever since. .Mr. Frederick Mever is one of the m^ost expedenced 
 carriage builders in this country, and enjoys the confidence of his colleagues in business circles. In 1891 he was 
 elected Secretary of the Carnage and Wagon Bmlders' Association. He is one of Buffalo's most substamial citizen 
 and his standing is high in the commercial world. ""uii citizens 
 
 JOHN H. SCHMITZ. 
 
 Among the establishments which have given Buffalo manufacturers of fine wagons a reputation among the 
 o vne.s of fine horses, as well as among business men, is that of John H. Schmitz, at No. 261 Amher^ sfreet 
 Mr. bchmitz manufactures wagons, carriages, and sleighs of all styles and descriptions, and of the hi<.hest Trade 
 quality both as regards material and workmanship. He also does a large business in repairing and pain tinf and 
 general blacksmithing. All his work is guaranteed and a thorough inspection is made b^efore^nvhing is turned 
 out. The factory occupies spacious quarters at No. 261 Amherst Street, 30 x 100 feet, and five men arf kept con- 
 tantly at work in the shop, which is fitted with the latest improved and most modern machinery. Confectionery 
 and express wagons are a specialty, and many specimens of his handiwork are to be seen on the streets eve v day 
 which are a credit .no, only to him but to Twentieth Century Buffalo. Mr. Schmitz is not only a successfu Pbusi^ 
 "^" -an but in social circles he is prominent and has many friends. '^ successiul Uusi- 
 
 ness m 
 
 ELECTRIC RAILWAY SYSTEM. 
 
 The street railway system provided for Twentieth Century Buffalo is the outcome of many 
 years of effort, experiment, and expenditure, and only made possible by the introduction of 
 electricity, in conjunction with the trolley system, as the motive power. 
 
 STREET R.\ILWAY HISTORY. 
 An indifferent horse-car service was in operation on Niagara Street previous to I860 but it 
 was not uiitil that year that a fairly good line \vas established to Black Rock, bv the Xia^-ara 
 Street Railway Company, absorbed by the Buffalo Street Railway Company in 1X6.S As^he 
 ^TL^'or!^^ '''^°'''' °^^- ^'- ^- '^^'atson, the father of the Buffalo St'reet Railwav Svstem on hme 
 11, 1860, cars were running on Main Street to Edward Street, and Tulv 14th 'the line was com- 
 pleted to Cold Spring. June 2;W of the same year, cars began running' on Niagara Street The 
 Genesee Street line was opened in 1.S64, the Exchange Street line was complet"ed in 1873 The 
 subsequent record is : 1874, William Street line opened to East Buffalo, and the Michigan Street 
 line from the docks to Goodell Street ; 1875, Michigan Street line opened as a through line to 
 Ohio and Main streets ; 1879, Main Street line opened to Delaware Park ; 1880, through line 
 from Black Rock to Cold Spring via Connecticut and Allen streets routes, and the Virginia 
 Street ine opened; 1882, Allen Street line opened; 1884, Jersey Street belt line, Jefferson 
 Street line and Emslie Street line opened ; 1885, Ferry and Chenango Street line, Broadway 
 line, and Carlton Street line opened; 1886, West Avenue line opened ; 1887, Broadway line 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURV BLFFALO. 
 
 Photo by Hall. 
 
 BERT L. JONES. 
 General Manager, Great Gorge Route, Niagara Falls. (See page 81.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 79 
 
 extended to Williamsville road ; 1888, Forest Avenue line to Pirk- T^r^^,- o„^ r 
 line to Park, and Jefferson Street line to Park opened The Lfelectil servle .?'"r ?'"!! 
 on the Park line, beginning July 20, 1889. In^891, and as rap d ^ rpos^ble h rS" the 
 use of electric power was extended to the other lines S V K \v,tL„ j ! , 
 
 controlHng companies untd his death in 18S'"Hr:as i2.1^:y^:::;r^:'Z 
 had acted as secretary from 1868, and who continued as president of the diffe^e t Hn"; ha" 
 were from time to time merged in the one management, until the sjeneral conSation of S 
 various lines of Buffalo and vicinity into the system of the InternattonalRail^ay Sm^^^^^^^ 
 
 INTERNATIONAL TRACTION COMPANY. 
 
 18qJ'\VH"r"1r"7r'^'"l.^r''"'''' ' proprietary corporation, orgarrized under the laws of New fersey in 
 1899, and owns the stock of the International Railway Company, which was formed under the laws of the la e 
 of New \ork m February, 1 02, to acquire and combine the street railway lines in Buffalo with the linl xtendrn^ 
 to and .n ^.agara Fa Is, L-Xpo", Olcott, and Tonawanda, including the lines on the Canadian side of the x"g rf 
 K.ver at Niagara Falls, and the bridges connecting the trolley lines. The properties comprise : 
 
 Niagara Falls & Suspension Bridge Railway Company Niagara Fall^ P<,rl. «- r.- d -i 
 (Canadian), Niagara Falls Suspension^Bridge Companyrthe CH ton SusDension Pri'l r "'"l^' ?°"'P=i"y 
 
 Connecting Bridge Company, [he Queenston HeigLs 'Bridle Company'^ th^R-ffflo^^ 
 
 Falls Electric Railroad Company, the Buffalo & Niagara FallfElectrk Ra'ilw/v Tn' T™^"'^"'^''. & ^■'■"gara 
 Buffalo & Lockport Railway "company ; and the Bulal^ Kai^S Co" ptnt \w 
 
 Bellevue .^ Lancaster Railway Company, chartered in 1892 • the Buffalo Trrn^n r u ^^ I'Uffalo, 
 
 and the Crosstown Street Railway Company of Buffal, , ch;r ered in 890 The BuZo"-'^ "t"T"^ Z 'f ^ ' 
 Company, chartered in 1898, owns the Elmwood Avenue & Tonawanda Elertrl Pi Lockport Raihyay 
 
 Lock City Electric Railway Company, chartered in 1892. The BuXirRail„lv cln ^''^' ^^^P^"! .^"'' 'he 
 it being a consolidation of the Buffalo Street Railroad Comnanv the B>,ffan^-=,,Q5 ^7"' chartered in 1890, 
 and the Buffalo West Side Raihvay Company. ^"'"pany, the Buffalo East Side Street Railway Company, 
 
 The united length of the lines of the International Railway Company is about 300 miles, to operate which the 
 
 eTpCe" titirToo;';:'::!^ " '™ ^^" '"' ^ ''"'''-'' ■""^^" -'^'^-^ - -^ ^^p-'--- -^ -': 
 
 The International Railway Company paid to the City of Buffalo, for the year ending June 30, 1902 i95 470 
 TheL r T, °" ^f" ""'P'?' •«3,192,001.44 and an excess of $23,621 over the anioum pai^ in iZ' 
 The contract between the company and the City of Buffalo provides that when the caress recei,„s nf tJ 
 reach #2,000,000 it shall pay 3 per cent, of the amount to the city. ° ^ ' '°'"P='"^ 
 
 The ol^cials of the International Railway Company are : President, W. Caryl Ely ; Vice-President Daniel S 
 Lamont; Secretary and Treasurer, R. F. Rankine ; Directors. Francis Lynd/ Stefs;n, Char Steele Dnie. 
 O'Day, Darnel S. Lamont of New York City; W. B. Rankine, Niagara Falls, N. Y. ; Thomas De Wi« Cuvler 
 Phdadelphia Pa^; W. Caryl Ely, Henry M. Watson, Robert L. FrXe, Elliot C. M Dougal Hen y J P^et e 
 Buffalo, N. Y. ; Burt Van Horn, Newfane, N. Y. ^ •'■ ^'^'^'=^' 
 
 The officials of the International Traction Company are: President, W. Caryl Ely; Secretary Charles Mac 
 eagh; Treasurer RF Rankine. Directors: Charles Steele. Francis Lynde StLon Temple BLSfnCha^^^^ 
 MacVeagh, New ^ork City; Thomas De Witt Cuyler, Philadelphia, Pa.; L. J. Hayden, 'park Ridge N 
 \N.Il,am B. Rankine, Niagara Falls, N. Y. ; Burt Van Horn, Newfane, N. Y.; and ^Y. Ca^-I Ely, Buffalo N y' 
 
 The service of the International Railway Company is directed by President W. Caryl Ely, with Van Horn Elv 
 as his assistant T. E. Mitten as General Manager, and J. E. Stephenson, General Passenger Agent ' 
 
 The general offices of the company are on the eighth floor of the EUicott Square building, and the waitin. room 
 and information bureau are established at the southwest corner of Main and Court streets. 
 
 NIAGARA FALLS AND LOCKPORT SERVICE 
 ELECTRIC LINE PROJECTS. 
 
 Falltlnd ?"1'"^'° :'" ^.^"-'^t °f l""" International Traction Company in the City of Buffalo and with Niagara 
 Fall and Lockport, electric trolley lines are being operated to Depew, Ebenezer, Hamburg, and Orchard pLk 
 Ext „s ons are contemp ated to East Aurora, and, if plans under consideration materialize, Buffalo will in course 
 of time be provided with electric line service to Dunkirk and Rochester, and in other directions. 
 
80 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 HENRY C. FRENCH, 
 ['resident and General Manager, Union Transit Company. (See page 85.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 81 
 
 THE GREAT GORGE ROUTE. 
 
 As the result of Buffalo enterprise, the Great Gorge Route of the electric trolley line between Nia<Tara Falls 
 and Lewiston along the lo;ver banks of the American side of the Niagara River may very properlv be claimed as 
 an original instuution of Twentieth Century Buffalo. It affords visitors the most unique and comprehensive oppor! 
 TU P"?^'^^" ^%' "'="■■"2 'n/ remarkably complete and gratifying manner the beauties and wonders of the scenery 
 of the Niagara Gorge including not only the stupendous Falls but the equally marvelous flow of waters through 
 the series of rapids and the great Whirlpool. A trip over the Great Gorge Route is an indispensable feature of the 
 Itinerary of a Niagara Falls visitor. The Niagara Gorge Railroad has leased for a long term of vears the Lewiston 
 ^ \ oungstown Frontier Railway, an electric line, seven miles long, extending from Lewiston to Youngstown and 
 tort Niagara. It runs close to the lower Niagara River and passes through a beautiful peach, apple, and grape 
 section. This gives the Gorge Railroad a through line, via Lewiston, between Niagara Falls and Youngstown 
 where a fine pleasure resort, known as Fort Niagara Beach, is being developed. Bert L. Tones is the General 
 Manager of the Niagara Gorge Railroad, with oliRces at 604 EUicott Square. 
 
 LAKE TRAFFIC. 
 
 The report of the Government Bureau of Statistics for 1903 gave the following figures for the Great Lakes 
 region : Commerce on the Great Lakes between domestic ports for the entire calendar year resulted in freight 
 receipts amounting to 54,074,729 tons, compared with 45,079,019 net tons for 1901. Iron ore and minerals con- 
 stitute, apprcximately, half of this freight tonnage. In 1902, there were 27,898,424 tons of ore and minerals 
 received at lake ports from domestic sources; in 1901, 20,770,447 gross tons. Coal contributed 8,256,117 net 
 tons to the receipts of 1902, and 9,205,764 tons in 1901. 
 
 The total figures for arrivals and clearances of vessels in the coasting trade on the Great Lakes for 1902 give, in 
 net registered tons : Arrivals, 74,009,251 tons ; clearances, 74,807,718 tons. The maximum movement occurred 
 in August, when arrivals totaled 10,598,176 tons and clearances 10,848,384 tons. Freight traffic through the 
 Sauk Ste. Marie canals amounted to S5,961,146 net tons in 1902, 28,403,065 tons in 1901, and 25,643,073 tons in 
 1900. Freight tonnage passing through the Portage Lake ship canals was 2,682,189 tons. 
 
 The total tonnage of the chief lake ports in 1902 was: Duluth, 10,285,815 tons; Cleveland, 9,873,818 tons; 
 Buffalo, 9,727,304 tons; Milwaukee, 9,097,468 tons; Chicago, 8,772,905 tons. 
 
 The total of lake freights, cleared and entered, at the port of Buffalo in 1902 was 11,647,358 tons, as com- 
 pared with 10,455,032 tons in 1901, 10,701,222 tons in 1900, 10,480,515 tons in 1899, and 12,020,721 tons' in 1898. 
 The number of vessels and their tonnage required for this traffic were; arrivals— 1898, 5 620-6 129 918 • 1899 
 5,174-5,214,386; 1900, 4,945-5,341,128; 1901, .5.765-5.267,095; 1902, 4,944-5.837,122; departures-1898' 
 5, 643-6,134, 799; 1899, .5,243-5.266,129; 1900, 5,028-5,360,094; 1901, 5,833.5,187,937; 1902, 4,944-5,837,122.' 
 The principal articles received in 1901 and 1902, were : flour, 10,562,435-12,594,270 barrels; wheat, 60,'l.59,'851- 
 61,765,878 bushels ; corn, 29,6.50,715-22,682,516 bushels ; oats, 21,374,729-15,892,854 bushels ; iron 'ore,' 823', 907- 
 2,415,482 tons ; lumber, 199,557,672-208,586,000 feet ; shingles, 153,693,000-188,068,000; flaxseed, 10,466,131- 
 11,281,271 bushels. The leading articles shipped in 1901 and 1902 were : coal, 2,493,315-681,971 tons ; cement, 
 3,234,765-3,495,413 barrels ; salt, 483,788-642,140 barrels ; sugar, 2,391,140 3,425,138 barrels. The number of 
 vessels enrolled at the port of Buffalo in 1902 were: sail, 28; steam, 177; iron steamers, 42; canal boats, 12; 
 barges, 39 ; sail \achts, 3 ; steam yachts, 12 ; iron barges, 3 ; total tonnage, 146,919 tons. 
 
 ASSOCIATION OF LAKE LINES. 
 
 Commissioner, C. C. McCain, 904 Ellicott Square. Lines and Representatives : Western Transportation 
 Company, G. L. Douglas, General Manager, 47 Main Street ; Union Steamboat Line, T. T. Morford, Manager, 
 986 Ellicott Square ; Erie and Western Transportation Company, E. T. Evans, Vice-President, 72 Water 
 Street ; Northern Steamship Company, W. M. Lowrie, General Eastern Passenger Agent, 408 Prudential Building; 
 Lackawanna Transportation Company, W. E. Dowie, Division Freight Agent, 46 Main Street; Lackawanna 
 Green Bay Line, M. M. Drake, Manager, 10 Exchange Building; Lake Erie Transportation Company, A. W. 
 Colton, General Manager, Toledo, Ohio ; Lehigh Valley Transportation Company, H. C. Burnett, Division 
 Freight Agent, Main and Seneca streets ; Union Transit Company, Henry C. French, General Manager, 900 
 Ellicott Square ; Minneapolis, St. Paul & Buffalo Steamship Company, J. C. Maclay, General Agent, Mutual Life 
 Building; Detroit & Cleveland Navigation Company and Detroit & Buffalo Steamboat Company, D. C. 
 Mclntyre, Manager, Cleveland, Ohio ; Cleveland & Buffalo Transit Company, T. F. Newman, General Manager, 
 Cleveland, Ohio; Canada .Atlantic Transit Cc.mpany, C. J. Smith, General Traffic Manager, Ottawa, Ont.; Rut- 
 land Transit Company, Frank Owen, Assistant General Freight Agent, Ogdensburg, N. Y. 
 
82 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 
 < 
 w 
 
 < 
 
 fe 
 
 < 
 
 a> 
 
 ■X — 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 83 
 
 LATEST TYPES OF LAKE STEAMERS. 
 
 ■CirV OF ERIE.' 
 C. & B. Line. Capacity, 3,iX)0 passengers, 800 tons freight. 
 
 FR.VNK. H GOODYEAK," 
 Buftalo & Susquehanna Iron Co,'s Ore Boat. 4.36 feet long. Capacity, 6,369 tons. 
 
84 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 LATEST TYPES OF LAKE STEAMERS. 
 
 -i* 
 
 ■■TIONESTA,'- 360 feet long. 
 New Passenger Steamer of the Anchor Line. (See page 85.) 
 
 •MUNXY." 
 New Freight Steamer of the .Anchor Line. (See page 8.5.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 85 
 
 LAKE CARRIERS' ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The Lake Carriers' Association is an incorporated body of vessel owners, organized under the laws of West 
 Virginia, to establish and maintain shipping offices for the convenient securing of seamen for vessels on the Great 
 Lakes, their connecting and tributary waters ; to establish and maintain and procure the establishment and main- 
 tenance of aids to navigation ; and improve and secure the improvement of channels, docks, wharves, loading and 
 and unloading, and terminal facilities ; to establish and maintain, by contract or otherwise, such amicable relations 
 between employers and employed as will avoid the public injury that would result from lockouts or strikes in the 
 lake-carrying service ; to provide for the prompt and amicable adjustment of matters affecting shipping and the 
 interests of vessel owners of the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters ; and to lease, rent, pur- 
 chase or sell such real or personal property as may be necessary or convenient in carrying out the foregoing 
 purposes. 
 
 The annual report of the Board of Managers for 1902 showed that the tonnage enrolled in the association of 
 640 vessels was 1,014,066 tons, in which the Buffalo representation was fifty-three vessels of 96.237 tons. The 
 tonnage enrolled for 1903 is about the same, the only exception being that the 117,828 tonnage of sixty-six vessels 
 represented by J. C. Gilchrist of Cleveland have been withdrawn. 
 
 The officials of the Association for 1903 are : President, William Livingstone ; Vice-President, J. H. Sheadle ; 
 Tieasurer, George P. McKay ; Counsel, Harvey D. Goulder ; Secretary, Harvey L. Brown, White Building, Buf- 
 falo ; Executive Committee, William Livingstone, A. B. Wolvin, H. Coulby, H. W. Hawgood, Edwin T. Evans, 
 Edward Smith. 
 
 LAKE TRANSPORTATION LINES. 
 
 The following are the organized transportation lines connecting Buffalo with the other ports on the Great Lakes : 
 
 THE ERIE lS: WESTERN TRANSPORTATION COMPANY. 
 
 The Erie & Western Transportation Company's stock is owned by the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad Co., by purchase in 1900. The company does a large general transportation 
 freight and passenger business with docks, grain elevators, and other lake terminal facilities 
 ,it Buffalo, Erie, Pa., Chicago, Milwaukee, Cleveland, Detroit, Duluth, and other lake ports, and 
 has also a large fleet of fine steamers, known as the Anchor Line, comprising the Tionesta, 
 India, China, Japan, Muncy, Susquehanna, Mahoning, Delaware, Lycoming, Schuylkill, 
 Connemaugh, Clarion, Conestaga, Lehigh, Wisahickon, Codoris, Junietta, .\laska, and 
 Clarion. The first four named have splendid passenger facilities and run regularly during 
 the season between Buffalo, Erie, Cleveland, Detroit, Mackinac Island, Sault Ste. Mane, 
 Marquette, Portage Lake, and Duluth. The Tionesta is (1903) an entirely new boat, built 
 especiall) fui iiic service. She is 360 feet hing over all, has a cargo capacity of 3.500 tons, and can carry 350 
 passengers. Her equipment is of the most perfect cliaracter throughout. The Muncy, intended for the freight 
 carrying service, is also a new boat. The Tionesta and Muncy are the latest and finest additions to the steamer 
 fleets of the Great Lakes. The officials of the company are : President, Frank J. Firth ; X'ice-President, John 
 E. Payne ; Eastern Manager, Walter Thayer ; Auditor, W. J. Boddy ; Treasurer, P. R. Perkins ; Secretary, 
 Frank Staley, all at Philadelphia ; and Vice-President, E. T. Evans ; Western Manager, J. C. Evans ; General 
 Passenger Agent, Charles E. Markham, all at Buffalo. The Buffalo offices of the company are at Atlantic Dock, 
 foot of Evans Street. 
 
 WESTERN TRANSIT COMPANY. 
 
 The Western Transit Company is incorporated under the laws of the State of New York, and the stock is 
 owned by the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Company. The company operates a fleet of freight 
 steamers in connection with the New York Central, West Shore, Boston & Albany, Philadelphia & Reading, and 
 Boston & Maine railroads, between New York, Boston, Philadelphia and all intermediate points east of Buffalo, 
 and the ports of Chicago, III.; Milwaukee, Wis.; Houghton, Mich.; Hancock, Mich.; Dollar Bay, Mich.; Duluth, 
 Minn.; and West Superior, Wis., connecting at these ports with all railroads operating to the West, Northwest, 
 and Southwest. The steamers constituting the fleet of the company are fourteen in number, as follows : Arabia, 
 Auburn, Boston, Buffalo, Cliicago, Commodore, Milwaukee, Mohawk, Montana, Rome, Syracuse, Troy, Vander- 
 bilt, Yonkers, and one steamer building. The tonnage capacity of the steamers varies from 1,800 tons to 6,000 
 tons. The largest vessel now in commission is the steamer Buffalo. She is 406 J-i feet long over all, 50 feet 
 beam, 28 feet deep, and has a carrving capacity of 6,000 tons. The new steamer now building is larger than the 
 Buffalo. Since 1897 it has been the policy of the company to add a new steamer each year. These steamers are 
 of the most modern pattern, entirely built of steel, and are the finest sailing the Great Lakes. The Western 
 Transit Company operates four of the largest grain elevators in Buffalo, same being City Elevators "A" and "B" 
 and Niagara Elevators " A " and "B." The officers of the company are: President, W. H. Newman; Vice- 
 President and CJeneral Manager, G. L. Douglass ; Assistant General Manager, E. T. Douglass ; Secretary, E. V. 
 W. Rossiter ; Treasurer, E. L. Rossiter ; Auditor, M. L. Bacon. The Buffalo office of the company is at 47 
 Main Street. 
 
86 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 87 
 
 MUTUAL TRANSIT COMPANY. 
 
 representing the interests of the New Yo 
 
 railroads in the steamers Northern King, I 
 
 , , 1 North Wind, which were purchased from t..^ ..„....^... ^,^^,..,.,.^, ^v^,,,,,.,..^, 
 
 which corporation has abandoned its lake freight traffic. They will make trips, carrying freight, between Buffalo 
 and the principal lake ports, under the management of Charles M. Heald, President, and W. J. Douglas, Super- 
 intendent, with oftices at No. 147 Main Street. 
 
 This is a new organization, representing the interests of the New York Central, Erie, Lehigh Valley, 
 Lackawanna, and Pennsylvania railroads in the steamers Northern King, Northern Light, Northern Queen, 
 Northern Wave, North Star, and North Wind, which were purchased from the Northern Steamship Company, 
 
 UNION TRANSIT COMPANY. 
 
 The Union Transit Company, incorporated, sails a fleet of freight steamers, in connection with the Erie, 
 Lehigh Valley, and Delaware, Lackawanna & Western railroads, between New York, Boston, Philadelphia and all 
 points reached by those roads and their connections, via Buffalo and the lakes and Cleveland, Detroit, Houghton, 
 Hancock, Lake Linden, Dollar Bay, Duluth, West Superior, and all west and north-western points reached by the 
 Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha, Northern Pacific, and Great Northern railways. The fleet comprises 
 the steamers Rochester, New York, John M. Nicol, Portage, and Eber Ward. The ofiicials of the company, the 
 offices of which are at 990 to 998 Ellicott Square, are : President and General Manager, Henry C. French ; 
 Secretary and Treasurer, T. B. French ; Superintendent, Henry C. French, Jr. 
 
 "SOO LINE." 
 
 The Minneapolis, St. Paul & Buffalo Steamship Co., better known as the "Soo Line," is operated in connec- 
 tion with the Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railway, between Buffalo, Cleveland, and Gladstone, 
 Mich., its chief business being package freight carried on the steamers Wm. Castle Rhodes, Minneapolis, St. Paul, 
 and Huron. J. C. Maclay is the General Agent in Buffalo, with offices at 902, 904, and 906 Ellicott Square. 
 
 UNION STEAMBOAT LINE. 
 
 The Union Steamboat Line is owned and operated by the Erie Railway Company, for freight traftic, via 
 
 Buffalo, with Chicago, Milwaukee, and Manitowoc. The fleet comprises the steamers Starrucca, Ramapo, 
 
 Chemung, Owego, Tioga, and Binghamton. T. T. Morford is the Buffalo Manager of the line, with offices at 
 986 Ellicott Square. 
 
 LEHIGH VALLEY TRANSPORTATION COMPANY. 
 
 The business of the Lehigh Valley Transportation Company is owned and operated by the Lehigh Valley 
 Railroad Company to carry its freight on the lakes between Buffalo and Chicago, Milwaukee, and Manitowoc, in 
 connection with all the principal lines of railroad at those ports. The steamers of the fleet are the W^ilkes-Barre, 
 Mauch Chunk, E. P. Wilbur, Seneca, Saranac, and Tuscarora. The Buffalo representatives of the company are : 
 Superintendent, Lucas H. Van .Allen; Division Freight .Agent, H. C. Burnett — having offices in the Lehigh 
 Valley Building, corner of Seneca and Main streets. 
 
 LACKAWANNA & GREEN BAY LINE. 
 
 The Lackawanna & Green Bay Line has been operated for several seasons by Drake & Maytham, who chartered 
 steamers for freight and passenger traffic between Buffalo and Green Bay, Wis., touching at various intermediate 
 lake ports. For the season of 1903, the steamers Russia, Lackawanna, and Scranton have been chartered. The 
 offices of the line are at 202 Main Street. 
 
 MILLER STEAMSHIP COMPANY. 
 
 The Miller Steamship Company was organized in 1903, with a capital of §120,000, to build and operate a line 
 of vessels on the Great Lakes. The incorporators are J. J. Mc Williams, P. P. Miller, O. G. Donaldson, 
 J. E. Ball, Edward Smith, Harvey L. Brown, and John B. Richards. 
 
 NORTHERN STEAMSHIP COMPANY. 
 
 The Northern Steamship Company will be represented on the lakes during the season of 1903 by the splendid 
 passenger steamers North West and North Land. These boats are of very large capacity and their general 
 equipment is equal to that of the very finest ocean liners. One boat will make trips between Buffalo, the " Soo," 
 Marquette, Hancock, and Duluth, and the other between Buffalo and Chicago, stopping at Mackinac. The Buffalo 
 offices of the company are at 333 Prudential Building, where W. M. Lowrie, General Passenger Agent, has his 
 headquarters. 
 
 CLEVELAND AND BUFFALO LINE. 
 
 The Cleveland and Buffalo Line of the Cleveland and Buffalo Transit Company provides an excellent passenger 
 and freight service between the points named, the fine steamers City of Buffalo, City of Cleveland, and City 
 of Erie, built and equipped especiallv for the traffic, making most prompt and convenient trips each evening. 
 The general officers of the company are : General Manager, T. F. Newman ; General Passenger Agent, W. F. 
 Herman ; General Freight .Agent, H. R. Rogers, all of Cleveland ; General Eastern Agent, W. J. Leary, New 
 York ; Buffalo representative, H. S. Fisher, General Agent. 
 
88 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 FRANK W. EVERETT. 
 
 Superintendent, BuSalo Division New York Central & Hudson River R. R. 
 (Appointed May I. 1903.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 89 
 
 DETROIT AND BUFFALO LINE. 
 
 The Eastern States and Western States are the two splendid steamers, carrying both freight and pas- 
 sengers, of the lake line between Buffalo and Detroit, providing rapid and reliable transit daily between the two 
 points. A. A. Shantz of Detroit is the General Manager of the line, which is represented in Buffalo at the dock 
 by H. S. Fisher, General Agent, and at the up-town ticket office, 309 Main Street, by Henry T. Jaeger. 
 
 EXCURSION BOATS. 
 
 The steamers plying between Buffalo and Crystal Beach, Elmwood Beach, Edgewater, and other lake and river 
 resorts in the vicinity of the city during the summer excursion season are not especially commodious or very 
 elaborately equipped. The Ossian Bedell, w-hich runs between the foot of Ferry Street and the Bedell House dur- 
 ing the summer, is a new, staunch, and comfortable boat, and the Falcon and Huntress, which are run for the 
 accommodation of clubs having summer quarters on Grand Island, are neatly appointed and serviceable. The 
 ferry boats running between the foot of Ferry Street and Fort Erie are antiquated and inadequate. 
 
 BUFFALO TUG LINES. 
 
 The tug business of the Buffalo harbor and river is largely controlled by the Great Lakes Towing Company in 
 close competition with the independent White Star, Hand & Johnson's, Owen's, and Maytham's lines. 
 
 CANAL FORWARDERS. 
 
 The forwarding business on the canal in Buffalo is principally done by J. C. Anthony's Sons, J. W. Barton, the 
 Boat Owners' Forwarding Company, the Central Transportation Company, the Erie Boatmen's Transportation 
 Company, Thomas J. O'Brien, Thomas Ryan & Company, and the Buffalo, Rochester cS: Syracuse Transit Com- 
 pany, reorganized for the season of 1903. 
 
 IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRIES. 
 
 The especially favorable location of Buffalo as an industrial center for the manufacture of 
 iron and its jiroducts has been recognized for more than half a century. The compiler of a 
 History of Buffalo, published in 1884, said: "The iron interest has always been a prominent 
 one in this city and will so continue ; ore from the best mines is cheaply transported hither, 
 while the facilities for obtaining coal are unrivaled." Thirty years before this was published 
 the pioneer efforts to take advantage of the favorable conditions were being made to make Buf- 
 falo an important iron manufacturing center. In 18-56, some Troy artizans established a large 
 foundry at Black Rock. They lacked capital and their enterprise passed into the hands of the 
 Buffalo Iron & Nail Company, of which Pascal P. Pratt was the leading spirit. The plant was 
 enlarged and improved, blast furnaces and rolling mills being installed and operated until 1885, 
 when they were diverted to other purposes. In 18()0, the Pioneer blast furnace was built at 
 Farmers' Point, at the foot of Hamburg Street, by Everhard Palmer and Charles F. Wadsworth. 
 In 18(51, the Excelsior blast furnace was built, on the lot adjoining, by Edward S. Warren, De 
 Garmo Jones, and A. D. Thompson. Mr. Warren died in 1863, and soon thereafter the two 
 concerns were consolidated under the firm name of Palmer & Company Union Iron Works 
 A third blast furnace, the Monitor, was built and many improvements and additions were made 
 to the plant. In 1866, a stock comjiany, known as the Buffalo Iron \\'orks, took control. It 
 was afterwards known as the Wadsworth Iron Works, with Charles F. \\'adsworth as manager, the 
 works being considerably enlarged. In March, 1872, the entire property was purchased by the 
 L'nion Iron Company of Buffalo, of which the officers were: President, A. Pardee; Vice-President, 
 Guilford R. Wilson ; Treasurer, George Beals ; Secretary, T. Guilford Sinith, now representing 
 the Carnegie Co. The works at that time occupied an area of fifty-three acres. About 1,200 
 
90 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 WALTER SCRANTON. 
 President of tlie Lackawanna Steel Company. iSee page 93.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTLRY BUFFALO. 
 
 91 
 
 MAP SHOWING LACKAWANNA STEEL COMPANY'S LOCATION. 
 Its situation as regards Buftalo, the Lake, and the Railroads. 
 
92 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 WILLIAM A. ROGERS. 
 Rogers, Brown & Co., President, Buffalo & Susquehanna Iron Co. iSee pages !>.3 and 97.) 
 
TWENTIETH CEXTURV BUFFALO. 93 
 
 men were employed, and when in full blast 100 tons of pig iron and eightv tons of finished 
 iron plates, beams, rails, channel and large round iron was produced. The ore came from the 
 Lake Superior regions and from the company's mines in St. Lawrence County. I'he coal used 
 for fuel was brought from Pennsylvania by the Lehigh Valley Railroad to Waverly, thence by 
 the Erie Railway direct to the furnaces. After being operated for about ten years the works 
 were closed, the premises in 1884 being leased to the Central Bridge Company. Subsequently 
 iron making was resumed there by the Buffalo Furnace Company and the Union Iron Works 
 managed by F. B. Baird and others. December 1, 1900, the present Buffalo Union Furnace 
 Company was organized with a capital stock of 81,200.000, consolidating the interests of the 
 Buffalo Furnace Company, the Union Iron Works, and the Buffalo Charcoal Company under 
 the supervision of F. E. Bachman, with F. B. Richards as Cieneral Manager. The daily out- 
 put of the plant now is about 600 tons of bessemer, malleable, foundry, and Lake Superior 
 charcoal iron, necessitating the consumption of 750 tons of fuel per day and giving employment 
 to over 600 persons. Buffalo is now fully recognized as the most advantageous locality in the 
 country for the manufacture of iron, cleary outclassing Pittsburg in every important particular. 
 
 LACK.\WANNA STEEL PLANT. 
 
 The Lackawanna Steel Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of New York, February 14 1902 
 with a capital of .f40,000,000. The company succeeded and took over the property of the Lackawanna Steel and 
 Iron Company incorporated in Pennsylvania, June 4, 1884. The latter company operated a big steel plant at 
 Scranton, Pa. A large portion of this plant has been removed to the Buffalo Stony Point plant of the Lackawanna 
 Steel Company, which has been in the course of construction for several years and which when completed will be 
 the largest steel plant of its kind in the world. The incorporation certificate of the company declares that it pro- 
 poses to manufacture iron, steel, and other metals ; to operate mines and lumber lands ; to erect and operate fur- 
 naces, forge mills, foundries, and other manufacturing establishments ; to construct and operate bridges, ships 
 engines, cars, and other rolling stock, slips, elevators, waterworks, viaducts, aqueducts, and canals, and to transact 
 such other business as may be incidental thereto. The company has ore properties in iMinnesota, Michigan Wis- 
 consin and New York on which there are said to be 56,000,000 tons of ore in sight. The company also owns and 
 holds in fee 21,720 acres of bituminous coal lands in Pennsylvania. It also has blast furnaces at Colebrook, Pa. 
 and coke ovens at Lebanon, Pa., and owns, in addition, the Cornwall & Lebanon Railway and the Cornwall & 
 Lebanon Iron Company. 
 
 An issue of f 1.5,000,000 of five per cent, convertible trust mortgage bonds has been taken up by a syndicate of 
 capitalists, and if the purchasers of these bonds convert them into stock the capital of the company will be 
 increased to f 55,000,000. There are thirty-five acres of steel and brick buildings, six blast furnaces, with rolling 
 mills and complete equipment for an annual output of 800,000 tons of finished Bessemer product in steel rails and 
 billets, and an open-hearth plant for the manufacture of 450,000 tons of structural iron and plates annually, 
 making a total yearly production of 1,250,000 tons. A ship canal has been completed from Lake Erie to the 
 works, about three quarters of a mile long, 200 feet wide and twenty to twenty-five feet deep, with adequate ore 
 docks in connection therewith. The electric current generated at Niagara Falls will be very largely utilized at the 
 works. When in full operation the plant will give employment to some 15,000 persons. This is the most important, 
 addition made to the industries of Twentieth Century Buffalo. The officials of the Company are : Directors,' 
 D. O. Mills, W. E. Dodge, Cornelius Vanderbilt, H. M. Twombly, Moses Taylor, Walter Scranton, J. J.' 
 Albright, Edmund Hayes, D. C. Blair, Henry Wehrum, B. H. Buckingham, H. A. C. Taylor, A. Iselin, Jr.,' B.' 
 S. Guinness, M. T. Pyne, James Speyer, J. B. Van Courtlandt, G. R. Fearing, Jr., Samuel Mather, H. R-Bishop' 
 Warren Delano, Jr., J. G. McCuUough, H. Walters, and J. M. Forbes. President, Walter Scranton ; Vice-Presi- 
 dent, Moses Taylor ; Treasurer, J. P. Higginson ; Assistant Treasurer, F. F. Graham ; Secretary, John W. 
 Farquahar ; General Manager, Henry Wehrum. 
 
 BUFFALO cS: SUSQUEHANNA IRON COMPANY. 
 
 The Buffalo & Susquehanna Iron Company owns fifty acres of land at Stony Point, with a frontage on Lake 
 Erie, adjoining the property of the Lackawanna Steel Company on the north, and is electing two blast furnaces 
 for the production of 800 tons of foundry pig iron per day. The plant will be fully equipped and have ample 
 facilities for the reception of ore by lake and fuel by rail and for the shipment of its product. The capital stock 
 
94 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFAI O. 
 
 FRANK H. GOODYEAR. 
 
 Chairman, Board of Directors. Buffalo & Susquehanna Railroad: First Vice-President. 
 
 Buftalo & Susquehanna Iron Co. ; President. Buffalo & Susquehanna 
 
 Coal & Coke Co. : President. Goodvear Lumber Co. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 95 
 
 CHARLES \V. GOODYEAR. 
 
 Second Vice-President and General Manager, Buffalo & Susquehanna Railroad; Second Vice- 
 President. Buffalo & Susquehanna Iron Co. ; Vice-President. Buff.ilo & Susque- 
 hanna Coal & Coke Co. : Vice-President, Goodyear Lumber Co. 
 
96 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUPTALO. 
 
 MAURICE B. PATCH. 
 Secretary and Superintendent, Buttalo Copper Smelting Works. tSee page 97.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 97 
 
 of the company is §600,000. Its officials are : President, William A. Rogers ; First Vice-President, Frank H. 
 Goodyear ; Second Vice-President, Charles W. Goodyear; Secretary and Treasurer, H. D. Carson ; General Man- 
 ager, Hugh Kennedy. 
 
 TONAWANDA IRON WORKS. 
 
 The Tonawanda Iron Works plant was built and operated by the Niagara Iron Company in 1874. It came 
 into the possession of the Tonawanda Iron & Steel Company in 1899, which corporation is now operating it, with 
 a daily output of 500 tons of foundry pig iron per day. 
 
 ROGERS, BROWN & COMPANY. 
 
 Buffalo is the headquarters of William A. Rogers, senior member of the firm of Rogers, Brown & Company, 
 who are the largest handlers of pig iron in the world. The firm has offices or representatives in Cincinnati, New 
 York, Boston, Philadelphia, Pittsburg, Cleveland, Chicago, St. Louis, San Francisco, and Birmingham, Ala. Mr. 
 Rogers is very prominently interested in the Tonawanda Iron Works and is President of the Buffalo & 
 Susquehanna Iron Company. 
 
 COPPER SMELTING. 
 
 In 1890, recognizing the advantages of Buffalo for the purpose of the industry in which he was engaged on 
 Lake Superior, Maurice B. Patch, a thorough mineralogist, who has made a life-time study of the treatment of 
 copper-producing ores, and who had had many years of practical experience at the mines, in loading, transporting 
 and in smelting the raw material, organized the Buffalo Smelting Works on the Niagara River at the foot of Aus- 
 tin Street. Under his direction these works have become not only one of the most important local industries but 
 one of the best ordered and complete of its kind in the world. Promptness and economy in bringing the ore to 
 the works and putting it in manufactured form upon the market, and the adoption of the very best methods and 
 most scientific processes in the smelting, have resulted in a very large and successful business. The ore is shipped 
 at Lake Linden on Lake Superior on an especially chartered fleet of steamers. On arrival at Buffalo it is unloaded 
 by cleverly devised machinery at the fine docks at the works, which are singularly well constructed and have no 
 superior at this end of the Great Lakes. After passing through the refining processes, which are the most effective 
 and complete known to science, the copper produced is shipped in various forms — in ingots, bars, and cakes of 
 various sizes — to all parts of the world, to be utilized for the multifarious purposes for which copper is the only 
 metal available. The capacity of the works is six and a half million pounds of copper per month. Electricitv, 
 generated at the works, enters largely into the manufacturing process. It seems, therefore, a natural sequence that 
 a very considerable proportion of the copper produced is used for electrical purposes. It is estimated that about 
 one-third of the copper smelted is utilized for the manufacture of wire by drawing and for a variety of machine- 
 parts and articles used for electrical installation. And yet a quarter of a century ago very few bars of wire copper 
 were on the market. The satisfactory experience of Mr. Patch has proved conclusively the soundness of his judg- 
 ment in selecting Buffalo as his ground for copper-smelting operations. Here are provided a central point for 
 receiving the ores, cheap fuel, cheap flux, and cheap and effectual transportation, alike for the raw material and the 
 smelted product. Another desirable element, which Mr. Patch regards as of much significance, is the favorable 
 climate of Buffalo, which enables operatives to do better work and with far less loss of time than occurs at points 
 where excessive summer heat and oppressive humidity prevails. At the Buffalo Smelting Works about 250 men 
 are employed, and nine furnaces, with the usual appurtenances and auxiliary machinery of the most effective character, 
 are operated. The whole plant is singularly well ordered. Everywhere a neatness and a cleanliness is displayed, 
 which is very remarkable in an industry in connection with which the idea of grime and disorder is usually associ- 
 ated. As one approaches the works, the evidences of a masterly supervision are manifested in many ways — in the 
 well-kept roadways, the cleanly walks, and the general air of business orderliness. As already intimated, the 
 master mind in control of this admirable institution is Mr. Patch, who, in addition to his business skill, is thor- 
 oughly versed in all the scientific details of the industry. Necessarily, he is ever on the alert for new developments 
 and is constantly watching the sources of supply and the market requirements. He is the Secretary and Superin- 
 tendent of the works, in which several Boston capitalists are interested. Lake Superior ore constitutes the raw 
 material, but Mr. Patch keeps always a watchful eye on the copper-ore developments of Montana and other West- 
 ern mining States, of Mexico, of South Africa, of Australia, and some of the Central and South American repub- 
 lics. Mr. Patch is a member of several scientific institutions. He is also warmly interested in the progress and 
 development of Twentieth Century Buffalo's industries and public enterprises. 
 
98 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 OGDEN P. LETCHWORTH. 
 President, Pratt & Letchworth Co. (See page 99.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 99 
 
 METAL WORKERS, MACHINERY MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 In addition lo ihe big iron furnaces and rolling mills already in operation and in the course of construction, a 
 large number of important metal working enterprises, machinery and supply houses, in Twentieth Century Buffalo, 
 are being successfully conducted. Some of these, like the Pratt cSt Letchworth Malleable Iron Works, the Howard 
 Iron Works, the Buffalo Pitts Works, Sidney Shepard & Co., Farrar & Trefts, and the Buffalo Forge Company's 
 plant are industrial institutions long established and of international reputation. Many others, although of more 
 recent origin, are already well established and rapidly developing their productive scope manufacturing value and 
 business importance. 
 
 THE PRATT & LETCHWORTH COMPANY. 
 
 The names of Pratt and Letchworth are as prominent in the commercial affairs of Twentieth Century Buffalo 
 as they were half a century ago, when Samuel F. Pratt, Pascal P. Pratt, and William P. Letchworth were associ- 
 ated in various important business enterprises. The present Pratt & Letchworth Company is a development from 
 that association. The firm of Pratt & Letchworth was established in 1848 and continued its existence until 1896, 
 when the present compiny was organized. The parent firm originally manufactured saddlery and carriage 
 hardware ; to this in recent years was added the production of malleable iron and steel castings, which is now the 
 principal branch of the enormous business done by the company. The works at Black Rock cover twenty acres, 
 twelve acres of which are under roof. Electric power from Niagara Falls is used very extensively in the manufac- 
 ture of all kinds of iron and steel castings for locomotive construction and car building at home and abroad. 
 About 1,400 persons are employed. Malleable steel and iron castings for a great variety of other purposes are 
 also produced in vast quantities. The ofhcers of the company, which controls the Buffalo Malleable Iron and Steel 
 Works at Black Rock and the Malleable Iron Works at Brantford, Ont., are : President, Ogden P. Letchworth ; 
 Secretary, Josiah Letchworth ; Directors, Franklin D. Locke and Robert L. Fryer. 
 
 .•\n allied organization is the United Hames Company, the plant of which adjoins that of the Pratt & Letch- 
 worth Company. 
 
 THE HOWARD IRON WORKS. 
 
 The Howard Iron Works, one of Buffalo's most prosperous industrial institutions, was organized by the late 
 General Rufus L. Howard in 1847, and from that date has done an important and continually increasing foundry 
 and machine business. It long since established an extended reputation for its "Ketchum Mowers and Reapers." 
 At the works. No. 287 Chicago Street, are now manufactured, among other machinery, elevators, bolt cutters, 
 vises, paper cutters, and bookbinders' machines. The " Howard" elevators are being operated in a large number 
 of public buildings and manufacturing establishments. Its paper cutters, the Gem, Victor, Diamond, and other 
 standard styles are highly approved by the paper trade, and the Schlenker bolt cutter and nut tapper has a good 
 sale among machinists. The works has recently perfected and placed on the market a machine for making nuts by 
 hot pressure which is most ingenious and effective. These machines, the invention of O. C. Burdict, turns out a 
 better, stronger, and cheaper nut than is produced by the old methods. Many improvements have also been 
 recently introduced in bolt makers' machinery. The Howard Iron Works is an incorporated concern with an 
 ample working capital. It gives employment to about 2.50 persons. The officers are : President, Loren L. Lewis; 
 Vice-President, W. Gibson Howard ; Secretary, M. S. Finlay ; Treasurer, Henry S. Maddern. 
 
 EAGLE IRON WORKS. 
 
 Early in 1901, the extensive machine works known for many years as the Eagle Iron Works, located at the 
 corner of Mississippi and Perry streets, came under the control of Messrs. Wegner & Meyer. G. A. Wegner, 
 inventor of the machines which bear his name, had had a long experience in the line of refrigerating apparatus, and 
 Herman F. Meyer, while foreman for eighteen years of the Howaid Iron Works, had built many machines for 
 Mr. Wegner. The association of the two in business was therefore a remarkably advantageous business combina- 
 tion. The specialties now produced by the Eagle Iron Works under the management of Messrs. Wegner & Meyer 
 are ice-making and refrigerating machinery. During their first years of business association the firm did a large 
 business and it now promises a very considerable increase. Among big contracts recently filled was one for the 
 Gleason & Loomis Company, Rochester, which has erected a cold storage plant with a capacity of 850,000 cubic 
 feet, capable of storing 120,000 barrels of apples, cooled by a 100-ton refrigerating plant, requiring, among other 
 things, more than ten miles of two-inch pipe to carry the ammonia solution through the various departments. The 
 firm also builds the "Climax" gas engines for Mr. M. H. C. Brulacher of Erie, Pa. Messrs. Wegner & Meyer's 
 business is rapidly extending beyond the limits of the United States. Orders have recently been received from 
 Canada, South America, Mexico, and some European cities. The plant is well equipped, not only for producing 
 refrigerating specialties but also for general machine work. 
 
 BEAN, SCHERMERHORN & COMPANY. 
 
 More than thirty years ago the firm of Bean, Felthousen & Company was established at No. 69 Main Street, 
 and for fifteen years thereafter was conducted as a successful concern. In 1885, Mr. Felthousen retired from the 
 business and for the past nineteen years the business has been conducted by G. Bean, S. R. Schermerhorn, and 
 
100 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 a 
 J ^ 
 
 be 
 
 a 
 
 c 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURV BUFFALO. 101 
 
 R. C. Kuhner, under the firm name of Bean, Schermertiorn & Company, operating extensively as workers in cop- 
 per, tin, and sheet iron, and as manufacturers of engineers' supplies and expert plumbers and steam and gas 
 fitters. They turn out annually a large amount of work on order for a host of city patrons and for vessels on the 
 lakes. The business in marine supplies is large and forms no inconsiderable part of the annual total. Employ- 
 ment is given to a force of skilled men varying from twelve to twenty, and three floors of a building 30 x 110 feet 
 is needed to accommodate the works. The firm is accounted expert workers in tin, copper, and sheet iron, and 
 handles contracts of the largest and most important work. They are men of sterling integrity and bear the very 
 best reputation in business circles. 
 
 FARR.\R & TREFTS. 
 
 The establishment of Farrar & Trefts is the most important in its line in the City of Buffalo. The steam 
 engine, boiler, and machine works, at Nos. 54 to 66 Perry Street, is far famed. The' firm is composed of C. 
 M. Farrar and George M. Trefts. The business was established thirty-six years ago in the present location by 
 C. M. Farrar and John Trefts, who died two years ago, when George M. Trefts was admitted to the firm, which 
 conducts both a wholesale and retail business, having, ni addition, a large export trade, making a specialty of boil- 
 ers and engines, which have an international fame, the name of this firm being as familiar in every establishment 
 that uses the kind of article manufactured by them as it is a household word in Buffalo. Employment is given to 
 300 men at good wages. The plant occupies about 200,000 square feet of floor space. The firm also owns and 
 operates the East Buffalo Iron Works. 
 
 The firm of Farrar & Trefts is one of the pillars of Buffalo's industrial activity, affording support to hundreds 
 of families and having an output that is in demand in all parts of the civilized world. Such firms serve to extend 
 Buffalo's reputation as a manufacturing center of the first rank. Its treatment of employees is uniformly honorable 
 and liberal, while socially and in their business capacity Messrs. Farrar and Trefts are most highly esteemed. 
 Their magnificent business is an enduring monument to the industry, skill, patience, tact, and business integrity 
 that has given them a foremost position among their fellows and made their products noted over more than one 
 continent. 
 
 SHERWOOD MANUFACTURING COMPANY. 
 
 The Sherwood Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of engine and boiler supplies, at 34, 36 Washington 
 Street, is not only one of Twentieth Century Buffalo's most important industries but is also one of the largest engine 
 supply houses in the country, dating its inception from 1888. Its products are known all over the civilized world. 
 In 1898, the concern was made a corporation with a large capitalization. Several traveling men represent this 
 company on the road, and seventy skilled workmen are carried on the pay roll. Among its specialties are auto- 
 mobile fittings and the celebrated "Niagara Automatic Boiler Tube Cleaner." The company's factory comprises 
 nearly 8,000 square feet of floor space, and the annual output is very large. The officers of this important and 
 successful enterprise are : Henry S. Madden, President ; Thomas J. Hart, Vice-President and Superintendent ; 
 and Francis R. Stoddard, Treasurer, These gentlemen are staunch representative citizens of Buffalo, having 
 warmly at heart the city's welfare and progression. 
 
 WHITTET, BARRETT & COMPANY. 
 
 One of the largest and most successful industries which have conduced to make Twentieth Century Buffalo the 
 second city of the Empire State is that of Whittet, Barrett & Company, dealers in engineers' supplies at Nos. 59 
 and 61 Main Street, established in 1887, as Felthousen & Whittet. Mr. Felthousen withdrew in 1888 and the 
 present firm of Whittet, Barrett & Company was formed, consisting of J. L. Whittet, L. L. Barrett, and F. K. 
 Hiser as active members, and Frank Hammond as special partner. They do a large wholesale and retail business 
 in engineers' supplies, steam packing, Eureka, Clinton flax, Garlock, Jenkins' "96," and Rainbow sheet packing. 
 They are also agents for the Kosting injectors and Swift lubricators, and are selling agents for Buffalo Steam 
 Pumps. Their trade, while largely local, extends throughout the surrounding country. They also do a large 
 steam-fitting business, and make a specialty of pipe cutting and bending. They employ two traveling men in the 
 city work, and fifteen practical, competent men are employed in their store, which occupies two floors, each 
 100 X 65 feet, of the fine building at Nos, 59 and 61 Main Street, 
 
 Mr, Joseph L, Whittet is well known to the citizens of Buffalo and Erie County. He is a native of this city 
 and was educated in her public schools. In 1868 he entered the office of George Bailey, dealer in railroad supplies, 
 where he remained fourteen years, leaving to take position as examiner in the State Insurance Department, where 
 he remained four years. The next two years saw Mr. Whittet as the editor of the Wellsboro, Pa., Advocate. In 
 1887 he returned to Buffalo and began his career as a business man. He is able, aggressive, and progressive, a 
 public-spirited citizen, enjoying the respect and esteem of all who know him, either in public, commercial, or social 
 circles. Mr. Whittet has twice represented the county of Erie in the State Legislature, serving in the assemblies 
 of 1894 and 1895. He is a member of the local board of Civil Service Commissioners. The other members of the 
 firm are prominent in the commercial world and enjoy the fullest confidence of all their associates in business life. 
 
 J. H. RUCKEL c^- SON. 
 
 For nearly twenty years the name of Ruckel has been known all over the country in connection with engineers* 
 and contractors' supplies. In 1884, J. H. Ruckel, who had been for many years a member of the firm of W. A. 
 Case & Company, retired from that concern and successfully established an up-to-date business in the same line. 
 
102 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
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TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 103 
 
 resulting in the prosperous firm of J. II. Ruckel & Son, wholesale and retail jobbers and dealers in steam pumps, 
 injectors, syphons, lubricators, brass and iron goods, for steam, water, gas, and ammonia, brass and copper tubing, 
 wrought-iron pipe, malleable and cast-iron fittings, packing, steam and water hose, asbestos materials, pipe and 
 boiler coverings, etc., in fact, every article that could be possibly called for in an establishment devoted to the sale 
 of engineers' and contractors' supplies. The firm also manufacture copper and sheet-iron work and gives attention 
 to all kinds of high and low-pressure steam work and also steam and hot-water heating in all its branches, pipe 
 cutting, threading, etc., occupying the large building 81 and 83 Main Street, which has six floors crowded with a 
 large stock, with a big warehouse at 58 Lloyd Street. Employment is given to some thirty men, and in all things 
 that go to make up a thriving, progressive business J. II. Ruckel & Son are in the lead. Xo industry in the city 
 has done more for the general prosperity than has this one — its customers are many and do business not only in 
 Buffalo but in all sections of Western New York and Northern Pennsylvania. As a source of supply for engi- 
 neers and contractors, it has brought to Buffalo many dollars which woidd have gone elsewhere. 
 
 DECK BROTHERS. 
 
 For nearly two score years the establishment of Deck Brothers has been one of Buffalo's important and pro- 
 gressive industries and the large business built up by that enterprising house has contributed much towards the 
 growth and prosperity of Twentieth Century Buffalo. This business was established by Jacob N. and G. Frank 
 Deck, in 1866, at Nos. 20 and 22 Indiana Street. They have manufactured brass work of every description and 
 conducted an extensive business as brass founders and finishers, a specialty being made of brass castings. Superi- 
 ority of materials, beauty of design, thorough durability, and high grade of workmanship have resulted in making 
 the products of Deck Brothers popular with the trade, and have brought them as patrons dealers from all over the 
 United States. 
 
 The Deck Brothers' plant is housed in the large and handsome three-story brick building at Nos. 20 and 22 
 Indiana Street, each floor having an area of 2,400 feet, is well equipped with the latest improved and most modern^ 
 machinery and appliances. A large force of skilled and competent workmen are employed. The building is three 
 stories in height, each floor being 40 x 60 feet in area. The greater part of the output of this firm is produced to 
 order, a specialty being made of valves and bearings, in which line they have the largest trade of any concern in 
 Western New York. Both brothers were bom in Germany, but have long been well-known and representative 
 citizens of Buffalo. They are thoroughly expert in their chosen line of industry, are progressive and aggressive, 
 and hold a high reputation for honorable and fair dealing. 
 
 THE BUFFALO PITTS COMPANY. 
 
 In the nineteenth century Buffalo's reputation as an industrial center was to a large extent sustained by a com- 
 paratively few extensive manufacturing institutions, of which one of the most important was the Pitts Agricultural 
 Works. This great concern, now known as the Buffalo Pitts Company, is still most emphatically one of the lead- 
 ing manufactories of Twentieth Century Buffalo, and the traction engines, grain threshers, steam road rollers, it 
 produces are enlarging its own widespread reputation and extending the industrial fame of Buffalo to every pait 
 of the civilized world where agricultural development is being exploited. By reason of the skill and enterprise 
 which has characterized those who have directed the operations of the Pitts works for over sixty years, Buffalo 
 has not only become famous as the producer of threshing machines and other agricultural implements but it can 
 absolutely claim to be the parental home of industrial developments in that especial line. The Pitts, twin 
 brothers, H. A. and J. A., were born at Winthrop, Me., December 8, 1799. They made improvements in the 
 crude threshing machines of the time, in 1831, and in 1834 made the first practicable separating and cleaning 
 thresher, upon which they received a patent in 1837, since which time the history of the industry is one of continuous 
 enlargement and improvement. The cuts published on another page furnish a remarkable object lesson of the 
 developments made by the Pitts plant. The threshers, engines, and other machines built by the Buffalo Pitts 
 Company represent perfection of mechanism, accuracy of construction, and superiority in every detail. Besides 
 employing an army of outside representatives, the business now supports a large local colony, the works at the foot 
 of Carolina Street being one of the most extensive and up-to-date plants of the kind in the country. The factory 
 is operated by Niagara Falls electric power. The company has branch offices at Fargo, N. D. ; Minneapolis, 
 Minn. ; Portland, Oregon ; Spokane, Washington ; Detroit, Mich. ; Madison, Wis. ; Houston, Texas ; Dallas, 
 Texas ; New York and Boston ; and also distributing agencies at San Francisco, Sacramento, Los .Angeles, Peoria, 
 Omaha, and Toledo. The officials of the company are : President, Carleton Sprague ; Secretary, C. M. Greiner ; 
 Attorney, John B. Olmstead ; Superintendent, R. C. Adams. 
 
 QUEEN CITY ENGINEERING COMPANY. 
 
 One of the most successful of Twentieth Century Buffalo's machinery and iron working enterprises is that of 
 the Queen City Engineering Company, which began business in a comparatively small way ten years ago at Wash- 
 ington and Perry streets, but which now occupies its own building, especially erected for its purposes, at 49 Illinois 
 Street. This structure is of two stories, 200 feet long, and fully equipped with all the necessary appliances of the 
 best type for the manufacture of special machinery for various purposes, for parts of miscellaneous machinery, and 
 for first-class w^ood and metal pattern making. The company does a very large and continually increasing business, 
 having established a most desirable reputation for accuracy, promptness, and the high character of its output. 
 The officers of the company are : President, A. F. Goerlitz ; Vice-President, George Voelker ; Secretary, Treas- 
 urer, and Manager, A. W. Goerlitz. 
 
104 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
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TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 107 
 
 THE STEWART HEATER COMPANY. 
 
 One of Twentieth Century Buffalo's most extensive and successful manufactories in which iron is the elemental 
 material is the Stewart Heater Company, whose products have an almost universal fame. Its feed-water heaters 
 and power pumps are in use all over the country, and in manv important points in foreign countries. During the 
 last few years large numbers of its famous O'is heaters, as well as being extensivelv supplied in the United States, 
 have been shipped to Canada, England, Mexico, and South America, in fact, the concern is one of Twentieth 
 Century buffao s largest exporters as well as being a lea.ling industrial concern. One of its good customers is the 
 Barber Asphalt Company of New A ork, which has in use at its different steam plants some thirtv-live Otis heaters 
 1 hese hea eis are in great demand. Among the company's recent shipments have been Otis heiters to the Argen- 
 tine Republic. Over 100 of these healers have been supplied to the Shaw-Kendal Engineering Comi.anv of 
 loledo, Ohio, and there are over 400 of them in use in Buffalo alone, which is excellent testimony to their effici- 
 ency. The big establishment of the David C. Cook Publishing Companv, at Elgin, 111., was recently materially 
 enlarged. I his company already had an Olis heater in use, but another of greater capacity, fiOO liorse-power, was 
 required and was very promptly supplied. A third heater, much larger than the two alreadv in use, w-as recently 
 supplied to the proprietors ot the Buffalo Express. In spite of verv keen competition, the Stewart Heater Companv 
 not only maintains Us well-deserved prestige but is continually expanding its business and increasing the number 
 ol Its I'usines^ [''"^"'i^; J^e works of the company, which are verv extensive, are located at 389 Norfolk Avenue, 
 northeast Buffalo. Mr. George A. Olis is the surviving partner and is the company's manager. 
 
 E. & B. HOLMES MACHINERY COMPANY. 
 
 One of Buffalo's oldest, largest, and most progressive manufacturing plants is that of the E. & B. Holmes 
 Machinery Company^ located at 59 Chicago Street, which was established in 1856 by Messrs. E. and B. Holmes, 
 proprietors until 189o, when the present company was incorporated with a capital of §100,000, and with the fol- 
 lowing officers : President, Edward Holmes ; \-ice-President and Treasurer, B. Holmes; Secretary, E. B. Holmes. 
 1 his company was the first in the world to manufacture cooperage and barrel-making machinery, in addition to 
 which It produces wood-working machinery and variable speed countershafts. Its customers are all over the world, 
 and It executes promptly many large contracts. The plant comprises four floors, each 45 x 150 feet in dimensions, 
 with a two-story warehouse ,50 x 100 feel and a blacksmith shop 40 x 50 feet. Seventy skilled workmen are carried 
 on the pay roll, and the output is very extensive. The companv occupies a very prominent position among the 
 great machine manufactories of the world, and its products have a universal and well-merited reputation for excel- 
 lence and reliability. The officers of the corporation are representative men of affairs, and stand high in manufac- 
 turing and social circles. 
 
 BUFFALO WIRE WORKS. 
 
 The wire cloth and wire goods works of the Buffalo Wire Works Companv is one of the standard industries ol 
 the city and one of the most important m its line in the country. The business was established here more than 
 sixty years ago by Martin Scheeler, who died in 1902. His sons, Philip and Martin, later were associated with 
 him and the industry grew steadily as the years passed. It was located at 145 Main Street until 1892, when the 
 present building, 316, 318, 320 Terrace, was first occupied, extending to 61-73 Jackson Street. The factorv is 
 now being materially enlarged. It is fully equipped with all the machinery, appliances, and devices for the manu- 
 lacture of wire cloth, used for a great variety of purposes, in iron, steel, tinned, galvanized, brass, bronze, copper, 
 and aluminum work, and in a great variety of forms, including guards for factories, warehouses, public buildings, 
 banks, and residences, folding gates, stall partitions, grills and wickets, floor railings, and window screens. Great 
 skill and long experience is required to produce satisfactory results such as have been attained by the Scheelers in 
 this especial work. Their trade extends over a wide territory, in addition to a very large local demand. After the 
 death ot .Martin Scheeler, Sr. , the firm name adopted was Scheeler's Sons, but Tanuarv 1, 1903, the business was incor- 
 porated under the title of The Buffalo Wire Works Company, the officers of which are : President, Philip Scheeler : 
 Vice-President, Ferdinand Grimm ; Secretary and Treasurer, Martin Scheeler. 
 
 DRISCOLL cl- FLETCHER, MACHINISTS. 
 
 ^'"fT'^' ^™''^'"g establishment in Twentieth Century Buffalo is a greaternecessity to the community than 
 that of Driscoll & Fletcher, which began business in a modest way about twenty years ago, but which is now 
 established on a large scale at 164 EUicott Street. From the first the firm has made a specialty of repairs and 
 reconstruction of printing machinery, but while actively maintaining this branch it has also developed a very exten- 
 sive business in all lines requiring the skill of expert machinists. They do a large amount of general jobbin<^ and 
 model work and are thoroughly equipped for the construction and repair of all kinds of machinery. In handling 
 printing machinery, they have distanced all competition in this territory, and while their present quarters were con- 
 sidered ample for them four years ago they find themselves crowded at all times to their utmost capacity. This is 
 the very best testimony to their ability as machinists and to the excellent character of the work they turn out. 
 I he members of the firm are D. B. Driscoll and A. A. Fletcher. 
 
 THE KEYSTONE MANUFACTURING COMPANY. 
 
 Perfection in make and quality of material are essentially prime factors to success and the consumer soon learns 
 where they are made features of any business. No better example illustrating this fact can be cited than that of 
 Ihe Keystone Manufacturing Company, whose office and factory are located at Nos. 308-314 Terrace, and who 
 during the past ten years have built up a large and thriving business, and have established a reputation for first- 
 
108 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 WILLIAM H. CROSBY, 
 President and Manager of tlie Crosby Company. {See page 101>.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 109 
 
 class work that has made them leaders in their line. This sterling company was estaLilished in 1893 by Schaefer 
 & Brother, and grew to such proportions during the next seven years that a company was organized and duly incor- 
 porated under the laws of New York, with a cash capital of .f 35,000. The company are most extensive manufacturers 
 of the celebrated "Keystone" and " Monarch " ratchet drills and combinations, socket wrenches, Westcott adjustable 
 S pipe and nut wrenches, and other special wrenches, ratchet drills, and ratchet stud driver, etc. The pa'ents on 
 several of the lines are owned by The Keystone Manufacturing Company. The fact that a diploma and medal 
 were awarded this company at the Chicngo World's Fair is the best evidence of the worth of the goods manufact- 
 ured. The plant of The Keystone Manufacturing Company comprises a large and spacious building, filled with 
 the most modern and perfected machinery, and none but skilled and practical workmen are employed. The com- 
 pany consists of C. A. Haist, President and Treasurer; G. A. Ilaist, Yice-President ; and L. Haist, Secretary; all 
 of whom are honored as representative citizens of Twentieth Century Buffalo. 
 
 THE CROSBY COMPANY. 
 
 A striking illustration of the conquering power of pluck and persistency is afforded by the success which has 
 attended the efforts of William H. Crosby to establish an extensive and remunerative industry within the borders 
 of Twentieth Century Buffalo. .-Vs a result of Mr. Crosby's energy, foresight, and business acumen, the Crosby 
 Company, which was organized July 1, 1896, has become one of the most important establishments of its kind in 
 the country. It manufactures a variety of articles from cold-rolled steel, including many parts or pieces used in 
 various machinery, taking the place of more costly forgings and castings and proving a most advantageous substi- 
 tute therefor. In conjunction with its manufacturing business it controls much of the output of several other large 
 concerns in conjunctive lines, such as the Springfield Drop F"orging Company of Springfield, Mass., the Union 
 Manufacturing and Specialty Company of ButTalo, the Hub Company of Cleveland, Ohio, and the Toledo, Ohio 
 Manufacturing Company. With these different specialties in the same line of trade the Crosby Company is enabled 
 to fill the requirements of a long list of large customers. It has branches in New York, Toledo, Chicago, and 
 Birmingham, England. From the latter it controls a large trade in Great Britain. It has likewise many active 
 foreign agents from whom it derives a large export business. This division of its operations is rapidly extendin<T 
 and the company is constantly planning for improvements and the production of new articles required in its line, 
 which includes metal parts for bicycles, automobiles, lawn mowers, guns, knitting machines, windmills, harness 
 furniture ; also Fisher tube skates and case hardening and annealing furnaces. The company long occupied quar- 
 ters at 506-508 Genesee Street, but, requiring more space, are now located in a commodious and well-equipped 
 factory at 181 Pratt Street. The officers of the company are : President and Man.ager, William H. Crosby ; Sec- 
 retary and Treasurer, William H. Hill. 
 
 BRAMHALL-DEANE COMPANY. 
 
 A business establishment that has added not a little to the commercial importance of Buffalo is that of the Bram- 
 hall-Deane Company, which manufactures and deals in French ranges, etc., at No. '214 Main Street. The company 
 has similar establishments in New York and Chicago. The manager of the Buffalo branch is James J. Harris, who 
 established it in 1900. Besides French ranges, steam tables, coffee urns, and cooking apparatus of every descrip- 
 tion are dealt in, both wholesale and retail, with customers in all parts of the United States. A specialty of the 
 firm is copper cooking utensils of every description, of which a very complete and attractive stock is carried. 
 Many of the articles, of universal household use, are of a unique and superior style and make. The stock is most 
 conveniently arranged for ready inspection in charge of a corps of competent employees. 
 
 Mr. Harris personally is well qualified to conduct successfully a large and important business of this character, 
 and is noted for his uniform courtesy and square dealing, and the company he represents is of the highest commer- 
 cial standing. Estimates and plans for outfits for hotels, steamboats, restaurants, bakeries, and public or private 
 institutions are prepared without extra charge. Retinning and repairing is made an important part of the business. 
 The firm is manufacturing a superior line of sterilizing apparatus for hospital operating rooms, which is receiving 
 unstinted commendation from all who have seen it in operation. 
 
 THE W. W. OLIVER MANUFACTURING COMPANY. 
 
 One of the most important special industries of Twentieth Century Buffalo, and one which has gained for itself 
 an enviable reputation in the commercial world, is that carried on by the W. W. Oliver Manufacturing Companv, 
 builders of fine machinery for more than twenty years, and now located at Nos. 1483 and 1485 Niagara Street, where 
 a trade has been built up to vast proportions. A specialty is made of the manufacture of fine jewelers' tools, 
 which are adopted as standard by all the working jewelers in this country, and are exported to all parts of the 
 world, the company ranking among the leading manufacturers in this particular line. The company comprises W. 
 W. Oliver and C. A. Svensson, both of whom are prominent and popular in commercial and social circles. The 
 manufactory occupies spacious and commodious quarters at above mentioned location, being 148 x 130 feet on 
 the ground, and fitted with the latest improved and most modern machinery and with every convenience for the 
 transaction of a very large and rapidly-growing business. Fifty experienced men are constantly employed and 
 they are kept busy filling orders. 
 
 EMPIRE METALLIC BEDSTEAD COMPANY. 
 
 One of the most notable of the especial manufacturing industries of Twentieth Century Buffalo is that now 
 being successfully conducted by the Empire Metallic Bedstead Company at its large and well-equipped factory 
 
110 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 CHARLES D. BLACKBALL. 
 Proprietor. Blackball Manufacturing Co. and American Embossing Co. (See page 111.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. Ill 
 
 located at 26 and 28 Churchill Street This enterprising company manufactures an extensive line of iron, brass 
 and other metalhc bedsteads of modern types. Its output finds a ready market all over the United Stktes in 
 Cul«, Porto Ixico and ui South America, its manufacturing facilities and shipping advantages enabling it to 
 successfully meet the keenest competition. This establishment, which is the second oldest in its line in the 
 • "I'an, J''- "°"' "!™' °"' S>eat shipments of high-grade goods. It was established here in 1891, reorganized 
 in 1901, and is now being conducted under the most able management on a substantial basis. Employment is 
 given to over 300 workmen, including many artizans of great skill and experience in their especial line of work 
 Jl. C. Baynes is President of the company and its Secretary is F. C. Hennicke. 
 
 BLACKH.ALL MANUFACTURING COMPANY. 
 
 The Blackhall Manufacturing Company are the leaders in Twentieth Century Buffalo in all kinds of machinery 
 supplies for bookbinders use, having a very extensive business throughout the United States and Canada The 
 enterprise w^as established here twenty years ago by E. W. Blackhall, an uncle of the present proprietor 
 Charles D. Blackhall who is also proprietor of the American Embossing Company, which has a verv large trade in 
 steel dies and all kinds of embossed stationery. Both these important industries are located at 16 Lock Street. 
 
 HARDWARE. 
 
 The hardware business of Buffalo, both wholesale and retail, is one of the most important branches of trade in 
 the city. Those engaged in the business enjoy a very enviable reputation for enterprise and integrity. The trade 
 is not confined to any particular locality, but reliable establishments are to be found all over the business parts of 
 the city. 
 
 BEALS & COMPANY. 
 
 Among the business enterprises which have done so much to promote the wealth and prosperity of Buffalo and 
 which have placed it in the van among the cities of the United States, is that of Beals & Company, wholesale 
 dealers in hardware, iron, and steel, the oldest of its line in Buffalo and now located at Nos. 44-50 Terrace This 
 staunch business was established in 1818 by George and Thaddeus Weed, cousins, who came to Buffalo from Trov 
 secured a small frame building at Main and Swan streets and put in the first exclusive stock of hardware ever 
 brought to Buffalo. In 182/, George Weed purchased the interest of his cousin and formed a new firm Weed & 
 Company, with Samuel F. Pratt and Gen. Lucius Storrs as partners, under the firm name of Weed & Pratt which 
 continued until 1836, when Mr. Pratt bought the Weed interest and took his brother, Pascal P. Pratt in the store 
 as clerk. Six years later, at the age of 22 years, Pascal P. Pratt became a partner, the firm becoming Samuel F 
 Pratt & Company. In 1846, Edward P. Beals, who had clerked in the store for ten years, was taken into the 
 hrm. The hrm moved to its present location on the Terrace in 1850 and until 1886 was known as Pratt & Beals 
 Uie hrm was reorganized upon the retirement of Mr. Pratt and became Beals & Brown. In 1893 this was 
 changed to Beals & Company, under which name it has since continued. The firm, in 1903, comprised Edward P 
 Beals, Pascal P. Beals, Char es P. Rogers, Eugene J. McCarthy, and Samuel C. Pratt. The company occupies 
 two large five-story brick buildings, filled with one of the most complete and extensive stocks of hardware in this 
 country, comprising supplies for railroads, manufacturers, and contractors, carriage hardware and woodwork The 
 territory supplied by this firm includes not only New York State but adjacent States and Canada. Edward Preble 
 faoi ' ''"' P'O'ieer hardware man, deserves especial mention. He was born in Canandaigua, N. Y March 16 
 
 l,^ ' """T 'j ^^"fla'o '" 1826 with his parents, and was educated in the public and private schools, the Buffalo 
 Mill ary Academy, and the Academy at Canandaigua. His business career has been as successful as his social life 
 has been praiseworthy. The other members of the firm, Pascal P. Beals, Charles P. Rogers, Eugene J. McCarthy 
 and Samuel C. I ratt, are well-known energetic and up-to-date business men, and alike prominent "in social a 
 commercial circles. Edward P. Beals died April 9, 1903. (See Postscript ) 
 
 nd 
 
 EDWIN MOERSHFELDER. 
 
 Among the ably conducted and pro.sperous special manufacturing Buffalo concerns whose operations secure to 
 bu falo a well-merited industrial preeminence is the reliable house of Edwin Moershfelder, manufacturer, grinder 
 and dealer in razors, scissors, knives, shears, pocket, table, and carving knives, horse and toilet clippers, strops' 
 hones mugs and brushes for shaving, soaps, creams, etc., 501-503 Main Street. Its trade extends throughout 
 Wew York State, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, and Canada, and into every State and territory in the Union 
 including Maine on the one side and California on the other, it being generallv conceded by the trade throughout 
 America that Mr. Moershfelder is the very best hand at concave grinding' of razors in the United States He 
 makes a specialty of high-grade razors, which he receives in the rough and tempers and grinds to size. The fac 
 tory IS equipped in every department with all the most modern and improved machinery, tools, and appliances and 
 a arge force of skilled operatives are at all times busy with the work of the shops, which, coming as it does from 
 all sections IS very large. Special attention is given to the grinding of cutlery of all kinds, and four men are kept 
 on the road in the interests of the house. The business was established in 1850 by N. Moershfelder who was 
 succeeded by the present owner in 1889. Mr. Edwin Moershfelder is a native of Buffalo and is extensively known 
 
112 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 CHARLES E. WALBRIDGE. 
 Founder of the business of Walbridge & Co. (See page 113.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 113 
 
 WALBRIDGE & COMPANY— CHARLES E. WALBRIDGE. 
 
 The very best type of ideal citizenship in Twentieth Centuiy Buffalo is represented by those men who, like 
 Cincinnatus of old, in a spirit of true patriotism not only laid aside the implements of daily toil to take up the 
 weapons of war for the honor and integrity of the nation, but who when that honor was maintained and that 
 integrity was secured were content to sheathe the sword and return to the occupations of peace with manly 
 modesty. Such a citizen is Charles E. Walbridge, whose untarnished business record is paralleled by that of his 
 brief but brilliant military career. Imbued with business ideas by his father, George B. Walbridge, a successful 
 business man, when the war of the rebellion was ended Mr. Walbridge found the task of reentering business life 
 an easy and agreeable one. The elder Walbridge was a wholesale grocer and vessel owner in Buffalo, who died at 
 the comparatively early age of 38, having been identified with many of the benevolent and business enterprises of 
 his day, including the Board of Trade, of which he served a term as president. Charles E. was born in 1841. 
 After the season of schooling usual at that time he secured employment in the establishment of Pratt & Company, 
 then one of the largest wholesale hardware houses of the country. His connection with this firm was interrupted 
 by four years of army service in defense of the Union, from September, 1861, to October 1, 18G5. In 1869 he 
 relinquished his position with Pratt & Co., having purchased the hardware business of Hadley & Nichols, then 
 located on Main Street below Swan, with an L on the latter street. The business was improved and extended, 
 justifying a removal to larger premises, the Sherman Block on Washington Street. More extended business 
 developments made another removal necessary, this time to a fine structure on the corner of Washington and 
 South Division streets, which was occupied for twenty-one years. In 1886 the long established business of Pratt 
 & Company was absorbed, the good will taken over and the large stock of shelf hardware assimilated. In 1900, a 
 change in commercial conditions made a corresponding change in the enterprise conducted by Mr. Walbridge desir- 
 able. It was determined to relinquish the wholesale and jobbing departments and to arrange for a more compre- 
 hensive and extensive direct trade with consumers in Buffalo and its environs. Accordingly an arrangement was 
 made with the representatives of the Stevenson estate to erect the fine and commodious structure now occupied at 
 392 to 394 Main Street, extending westward through to Pearl Street. The location is most favorable for the retail 
 trade, and the building, which is fireproof, has been constructed, arranged, .and fitted up in accordance with the 
 business ideas and plans of Mr. Walbridge and his associates. It has six stories above a fine basement and is fully 
 equipped with elevators, ventilating devices, and all the approved modern appliances for carrying on business on a very 
 extended scale. This business comprises hardware, stoves, house furnishings and kindred articles, gas and electric 
 fixtures, mantels, grates, and tiling. The firm acts as the special agent of the Detroit Stove Works, of the Yale 
 locks manufactured by the Yale & Towne Company, and of other articles in popular demand. Two special 
 departments are also conducted on an extended scale ; an entire floor, 50 x 232 feet, is devoted to china, fine glass 
 ware, lamps, and bric-a-brac, and a large and well assorted stock is carried in sporting goods, guns, pistols, rifles, 
 ammunition, fishing poles, reels and tackle, boxing gloves, foils, ping-pong sets, and supplies for golf, tennis, 
 baseball, and other outdoor and indoor games. To fully equip so large an establishment necessarily demands a 
 large and well-selected stock of a great variety of goods, which stock requires to be carefully supervised and 
 constantly replenished. There is no larger or better stock of its kind and no more important business in the 
 State outside of the metropolis. 
 
 Constituting the firm of Walbridge & Company, with Mr. Walbridge are his brother Harry, who has been 
 actively associated with the business since its inception, and who became a partner in 1885, and the latter's son 
 Newman, to whom the "right hand of partnership" was extended in March, 1901. 
 
 Mr. Walbridge has found time outside of that devoted to the many details of the extensive business affairs 
 under his control to give attention to some other matters of public interest. He is president of the Buffalo 
 Seminary and also of the Board of Trustees of the North Presbyterian Church and a trustee of the Buffalo 
 Savings Bank. 
 
 Mr. Walbridge's war record during four years of continuous active service is especially deserving of mention, 
 as it is not exceeded in interest or in the variety of its stirring incidents by that of any other military veteran now 
 hailing from Twentieth Century Buffalo. In September, 1861, he responded to the call to arms of President 
 Lincoln and was among the first to volunteer to make up the quota of three hundred thousand men. At the 
 organization of the 100th Regiment New York Volunteers he was commissioned as second lieutenant of Company 
 H. The 100th bore a gallant part in the Peninsular Campaign under McClellan, having in 1862 and in 1863 
 actively assisted in the operations on Folly and Morris Islands and the siege of Fort Wagner. His military skill 
 and executive ability were positively recognized by various appointments and difficult operations assigned him 
 during the war. He was rapidly promoted to first lieutenant, then to captain. He was assigned to staff 
 duty and at different periods was detailed as regimental, brigade, and division quartermaster. His regimental 
 commission was vacated when he received that of United States (,)uartermaster of Volunteers. For several months 
 he was Chief Quartermaster of the district of Florida. In 1864, at the opening of Grant's campaign against 
 Richmond and Petersburg, he was sent to Virginia, being made Depot Quartermaster for the .\rmy of the James, 
 having charge of the shipping, reserve land transportations, repair shops, and stores, and supervising the work of 
 upwards of a thousand men, including pilots, stevedores, mechanics, clerks, and teamsters. .A.t the close of 1864 
 he directed the shipments of the two famous expeditions against Fort Fisher, the first, unsuccessful, under Gen. 
 Butler, and the second resulting in the capture of the stronghold under Gen. Alfred H. Terry. At the request of 
 Gen. Terry, " Major" Walbridge, as he had been brevetted, was assigned to the former's staff as Chief Quarter- 
 master of the Tenth Army Corps, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. His new position took him to North 
 Carolina, where he remained on duty until he resigned from the service, October 1, 1865, and took up business life. 
 
114 T\Vp;XTIKTH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 CHARLES J. FIX. 
 
 In connection with tin, copper, and sheet iron, and especially for roof work, the best-known name in Buffalo, 
 no doubt, is that of Charles J. Fix, of 808 Main Street. The business was established in 1892, the firm being then 
 Fix & Roty. Anthony Roty, the junior partner, withdrew in 1898, Mr. Fix continuing the business. Previous to 
 1892, he had been for ten years in the employ of the late Henry Garono, and acquired a ripe experience in his 
 trade. Mr. Fix is, and has long been, the sole agent for the celebrated Dockash Ranges. He contracts for all 
 kinds of metal or slate roofing and repairing, and makes all kinds of tin, copper, and sheet iron, and also repairs 
 lawn mowers and other machinery. In his hardware department he carries the largest and best-selected stock of 
 agate ware in Buffalo. Eight persons are employed in his large store, which is 25 x 125 feet in extent. He has a 
 very large and growing trade throughout the city and the surrounding towns. The satisfactory work done by Mr. 
 Fix constantly brings him new customers, while the old ones steadfastly continue their patronage. None but the 
 most skilled mechanics are employed and the most scrupulous care is taken to turn out work that cannot be criti- 
 cised. " P'irst-class work and low prices" is Mr. Fix's motto and it is never departed from. The Dockash Ranges 
 have a reputation that is as widely and favorably known as that of any range in the market. Mr. Fix is 
 respected as one of Buffalo's leading business men and esteemed for his many excellent qualities as a neighbor, 
 employer, and citizen. 
 
 A. SCHMITT. 
 
 For nearly half a century Anselm Schmitt has held a high reputation in Buffalo as a general dealer in hardware, 
 stoves and ranges, cutlery, lamps, house-furnishing goods, etc., and manufacturer of copper, tin, and sheet-iron 
 ware. Mr. Schmitt established himself in 1858, at No. 750 Seneca Street, where he remained until his business 
 had grown to very large proportions. In 1890 he removed to Nos. 86 and 88 Amherst Street. His reputation for 
 progressive, practical business methods have brought him a large and lucrative trade, which is constantly and 
 rapidly growing. In addition to dealing in general hardware merchandise, Mr. Schmitt does a large business in 
 the manufacture of copper, tin, and sheet-iron ware, particular attention being given to repairing by experienced 
 workmen. He occupies a large and well-appointed store, 25 x 120 feet in size, in which he carries one of the 
 largest and finest stock of goods in his line in the city. He employs six experienced assistants in store and shops. 
 In both the commercial and social world Mr. Schmitt is highly esteemed. 
 
 SOVERHILL & WILLETT. 
 
 The firm of Soverhill & Willett, dealers in hardware, stoves, paints, oil, and glass, located at No. 1071 Grant 
 Street, was established February 1, 1902. Both members of the firm are experienced, progressive and aggressive, 
 and have laid the foundation for a most extensive business. For a number of years they were engaged as manu- 
 facturers' agents, at No. 136 Franklin Street and No. 16 Tuxedo Place. Mr. Gardner M. Soverhill, the senior 
 member of the firm, still represents several manufacturers of hardware specialties and spends part of his time on 
 the road, while Mr. Walter L. Willett gives his entire attention to the business. The firm carries a very large 
 stock of all lines of hardware, stoves, and ranges of the most approved makes, and all kinds of painters and 
 glaziers' supplies. The business is strictly retail and of the best description. They occupy a fine store in the 
 Ansteth Block, 25 x 75 feet in size, which is fitted with the most modern appliances and where a sufficient force of 
 assistants are employed to care for the largely-growing trade. Both Messrs. Soverhill and Willett are prominent 
 factors in the commercial world, enjoying an enviable reputation for energy, ability, and fair and honorable dealing. 
 In the social world both gentlemen possess the respect and esteem of a host of warm personal friends. 
 
 CAPEWELL HORSE NAIL COMPANY. 
 
 The greatest company of its kind in this country is the Capewell Horse Nail Company, and the greatest horse 
 nail is the "Capewell." The company has large factories in Hartford and principal offices in New York, Boston, 
 and Philadelphia, with branches in Chicago, .St. Louis, Detroit, San Francisco, Portland, Ore., Cincinnati, Balti- 
 more, New Orleans, and Buffalo, the latter at No. 11 Ellicott Street, where .A. J. Maynard is the local manager. 
 The company is composed of John E. Gillelle, President ; C. T. Capewell, Vice-President and Superintendent ; 
 A. W. C. Williams, Treasurer and General Man.ager ; S. C. F. Williams, Secretary and Assistant Treasurer. The 
 company was organized in 1881 with a capital of $1,. 500,000. The superiority of the Capewell Horse Nails has 
 been satisfactorily demonstrated. They never crimp in driving in the hardest hoof, are flexible to twist and clinch, 
 holding the clinch against any strain in service ; they are the "best driving nail," being the smoothest in finish 
 from head to point. They are uniform in length, breadth, and thickness, never split in driving, and never break 
 under the heads — holding the shoe until it is worn out. They are made from the best Swedish iron rods, especi- 
 ally imported, the quality of which is further improved in increased compactness, tenacity, and uniformity of 
 temper under the new and peculiar process of manufacture only known to this company's methods. They are 
 drawn from head to point; and are superior in all respects, having every requisite of form, finish, temper, tenacity, 
 and uniformity in size that the blacksmith demands. Their tensile strength is one-half greater than that of any 
 other nail made. In Buffalo the company's capable manager finds a large demand and its business here is excellent. 
 
 ANTHONY ROTY. 
 
 Mr. Anthony Roty started in the stove and hardware business sixteen years ago, at No. 936 Main Street, where 
 the Red Jacket Building now stands, and through his energy, progressiveness, sterling business methods, and inva- 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 115 
 
 [hn!f l^'^^f honorable dealings built up a large business, all of which is retail and a large percentage of which 
 M^inStreft whi- : ^'"' "°"'-^'T now practically charge of the business at the present location, No 835 
 Main Street, whe.e a large business ,s done in copper, tin, and sheet iron work by experienced workmen a special 
 feature bemg roofing, not only laying the original roof, but repairing them. Mr. Roty is prominent in t'le com 
 merc.al world and in soc.al circles he enjoys the confidence and respect of all who know him 
 
 EDWARD KENER, Jr. 
 
 Prominent among the benefactors of the housewife and cook, and controlling a very large trade in his locality, 
 IS Edward Keiier, Jr., of 400-402 Connecticut Street, where he furnishes the highest grade and best quality of 
 implements used in the parlor and kitchen at prices which cannot be excelled in the city. Mr. Kener's extensive 
 business was established in 1891. His store is large and well equipped, being thirty feet wide and eighty-five feet 
 deep with an extensive shop in the rear, where a large force of experienced men are employed in the manipulation 
 of all kinds of tin and sheet-metal work. In the store and salesrooms a very large and complete stock of stoves 
 ranges, hardw^are, tmware, and kitchen furniture is carried, a stock that cannot be excelled in any establishment of 
 !.J„r? „m!" Jri", " .'^!"'"';'' ^"'^^'°- "■■•.'■^ener deals very largely in all classes of hardware and tinware, 
 
 roofs, 
 furnace 
 reason - 
 
 C""- 1""""' "'"..^''^ '"'e "' 'vcuci s, aim in commercial ana maustrial circles Mr. Kener is well known and popular 
 his energy, ability, and fair and honorable dealing being well appreciated. In social circles he is also hiehlv 
 esteemed. ^ •' 
 
 RIEMANN BROTHERS. 
 
 One of the most enterprising firms of Twentieth Century Buffalo is that of Riemann Brothers, composed of 
 John H. and Joseph G. Riemann, dealers in stoves, hardware, tinware, house-furnishing goods, paints oils gaso- 
 line etc., doing business at No. 64 East Chippewa Street. This firm was established and succeeded John Fish- 
 back in 1882 ; its business is all retail and has been principally in the city. It handles all kinds of tin and sheet- 
 iron work, and promptly furnishes estimates for jobbers and others an application. Its trade out of town as well 
 as local, IS rapidly increasing, as the excellency of the work is becoming more widely known. In their large store 
 20 X 108 feet, Riemann Brothers display a large and well-arranged stock, including stoves, general hardware tin- 
 ware, house-furnishing goods, paints, oils, gasoline, etc. They employ six persons regularly and as many more as 
 their contracts require. In the tinning, spouting, roofing, and general jobbing work of the firm they employ none 
 but the most thorough and competent mechanics and workmen. Both brothers have had long experience in busi- 
 ness and they have a fine established mercantile trade and contracting and jobbing business. They are known to 
 all their customers, and all who have any dealings with them, as men of honor and integrity. Their work and 
 their goods are unexcelled and they have a high place among the most honored and substantial citizens of Twenti- 
 eth Century Buffalo, and in social circles they hold the esteem of a host of warm personal friends. 
 
 THE BERKSHIRE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.* 
 
 For more than hall a century the Berkshire Life Insurance Company has transacted a conservative business, 
 following approved methods, upon a just and honorable basis ; having an unquestioned reputation for financial 
 strength and of meeting promptly every legitimate obligation. Its policyholders, who are virtually owners of the 
 company's business, are amply protected by the laws of the State of Massachusetts (under which the company was 
 incorporated, with a perpetual charter, in 1851), and by the vigilant supervision of its affairs by the Massachusetts 
 State Insurance Department. It has always provided life insurance at the lowest possible cost, compatible with 
 security and promptness, and its surplus has at all times been equitably distributed among its policyholders. So 
 liberal has been this distribution that holders of policies to be paid in twenty annual premiums have been enabled 
 to pay the same in full within fifteen years, fifteen annual premiums having sufficed to pay where twenty were origi- 
 nally called for, the remaining five not being required, a distinct saving of twenty-five per cent. Well invested 
 assets, to the amount of over f 11,000,000, constitute an ample guaranty that its policies will be paid when due and 
 that the insurance afforded by the company is an absolutely assured protection to the beneficiaries of its policy- 
 holders. 
 
 A. F. R. Arndt, the general agent of the company, with headquarters at 720 Ellicott Square, Buffalo, has been 
 connected with the Berkshire for nearly thirty years. He is a standard bearer of honest methods in life insurance 
 ind his reputation for integrity coequals that of the staunch old company he represents. The head office of the 
 Berkshire Life Insurance Company is at Pittsfield, Mass. Its officers are : President, William K. Plunkett ; Vice- 
 I'lcsident, James M. Barker ; Secretary and Treasurer, James W. Hull. 
 
 ♦This notice was inadvertently omitted from the division of Insurance, see page 16. 
 
116 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Photo by Hall. 
 
 HORACE A. NOBLE. 
 
 A BuSalo coal-trade pioneer. Senior member of the firm of Frank F. Williams & Co. 
 
 (See page 121.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 117 
 
 COAL. 
 
 Twentieth Century Buffalo's importance, both as a local market and a.s a center for the recei|)t 
 and distribution of anthracite by lake and rail, is continually augmenting, while there is also a 
 steady growth in the receipt of bituminous coal for domestic and manufacturing purposes. 
 Some of the principal facts relating to the coal trade of the city properly form a part of the 
 commercial record of this initial issue of Twentieth Centiry Bi-ffalo. 
 
 Previous to 1842 both bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal) had been brought to 
 Buffalo in small experimental quantities, but actual coal business here did not begin until that 
 year, when 600 to 700 tons came by canal. Guilford R. Wilson, who came to Buffalo in 
 1842, was the first regular coal dealer in the city. The first important arrival of bituminous 
 coal was in 1845, when 995 tons came in by lake. In 1861, the late George Dakin came to 
 Buffalo and was the first agent of what was known as the .\nthracite Coal .\s.sociation. The 
 late Joseph J. Albright of Scranton, Pa., father of J. J. .\lbright, was the first introducer of 
 anthracite into the West. The late Judge .\sa Packer of Mauch Chunk, Pa., built the first 
 railroad from the coal fields, the pioneer of the great systems of the Lehigh Valley, the Penn- 
 sylvania, the Erie, the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg, and the Lackawanna railroads. The 
 first bituminous coal brought into Buffalo by rail came over the Erie in 1859. 'I'his road 
 carried nearly all the coal which came into Buffalo from the East for several years. .About 
 1860, considerable quantities began to arrive over the New York Central, coming from Sayre, 
 Pa., via Ithaca, Geneva, and Lyons. About ten years later the Pennsylvania Railroad began 
 to bring coal into Buffalo over the Buffalo, New York & Philadelphia Railroad, via Emporium. 
 In 1879, the Lackawanna Railroad, having withdrawn from the Anthracite Coal .Association, 
 began shipping coal on its own account into Buffalo over the New York Central, and in 1882, 
 it completed its own line into Buffalo. For many years bituminous coal reached Buffalo almost 
 exclusively by lake from Cleveland or Erie. Rail connections via the Lake Shore were made 
 with the soft coal regions in 1865. In 1875, the Allegheny Valley Railroad connections 
 brought in Pittsburg coal. In 1875, the Buffalo & Jamestown, now the Erie, was completed, 
 giving a very direct route to the northwestern bituminous field of Pennsylvania. In 1882, the 
 Rochester & Pittsburg Railroad was completed to Buffalo. 
 
 Pennsylvania is the great coal-producing State of the L'nion, both of anthracite and bitumi- 
 nous. The former is mined in the eastern portions of the State and soft coal comes almost 
 entirely from the western section. 
 
 The three great anthracite fields, or "regions," as they are termed, of Pennsylvania are 
 the Wyoming, Lehigh, and Schuylkill. Each of these is subdivided into districts ; those of 
 Wyoming are Carbondale, Scranton, Pittston, Wilkes-Barre, and Plymouth ; Lehigh, a district 
 in itself; Schuylkill, comprising East Mahony, West Mahony, Shamokin, East Schuylkill, 
 West Schuylkill, and Lykeno Valley districts. There are 384 plants in all the regions, com- 
 prising 341 collieries and 43 washeries. These washeries are auxiliary to the collieries, as their 
 operation consists in washing out the culm or other refuse, a large amount of smaller size coal 
 known as pea, buckwheat, or rice being secured in that way. 
 
 As a center of the trade in bituminous coal, both for home consumption and for re-ship- 
 ment and through shipment, Buffalo is very rapidly increasing in importance. 
 
 An idea of the importance ol the coal trade of Twentieth Century Buffalo may be gathered from the following 
 synopsis of the trafiic in the past five years, it being borne in mind that the business was practically at a standstill 
 for several months during the year 1902, on account of the prolonged strike among the miners in the anthracite 
 districts : The imports, in net tons, by rail of anthracite were (estimated) : 1898, 4,225,000 ; 1899, 4,950,000 ; 
 1900,3.-125,000; 1901,5,583,000; 1902,2,500,000; and of bituminous coal, 1898, 3,081, 44G ; 1899,3,105,952; 
 1900,3,341,9.50; 1901,2,555,727; 1902,2,500,000. The exports by lake of anthracite were (estimated) : 1898, 
 2,455,191 ; 1899, 2,648,425 ; 1900, 1,721,186; 1901, 2,492,715; 1902, 681,971. The exports by lake of bitu- 
 mmous coal are comparatively limited. The local consumption of coal for healing and fuel purposes is necessarily 
 increasing in proportion with the growth of the city and the development of its industries. 
 
 The bituminous coal which comes to Buffalo is mined along the Allegheny River in the district around Pittsburg 
 and Reynoldsville. It reaches this market over the Pennsylvania, Lake Shore, Nickel Plate, Erie, and Buffalo, 
 
118 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 I'huto bi Hall. 
 
 DELL L. TUTTLE. 
 
 Sales Agent Philadelphia & Reading Coal and Iron Co. Director, Centra! Dock &. Terminal 
 
 Railway Co. Director, Citizens National Bank, Springville, N. Y. 
 
 (See page 119.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 119 
 
 Rochester & Pittsburg railroads, and is not stored here to any great amount, being delivered direct to dealers or 
 consumers from the cars or transferred immediately for veshipment, in which case Canada is its principal desti- 
 nation. No soft coal is brought into Buffalo by canal. 
 
 The amount of coke imported into Buffalo is not large at present. The chief coke ,>roducing plants are 
 at ConnellsviUe and at the Walston and Helvetia works of the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg Kailro.id Company. 
 Frick & Company of ConnellsviUe, the largest coke producers, have disposed of their entire output for 1903 to 
 the United States Steel Company. 
 
 The Erie Canal was formerly an important f.ictor in the hard coal trade of Buffalo. The imports by this route 
 ceased in 1900, when only 267 tons came in, against 620 tons in 1899 and 6,8.5.5 in 1898. 
 
 The following are the companies doing the principal coal business in and through Buffalo in 1903. 
 
 DELAWARE, LACKAWANNA & WESTERN RAILROAD (Coal Department). 
 
 The largest amount, proportionately, of the anthracite reaching BufTalo, both for local consumption and for 
 reshipment, is brought by the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Company from the Scranton and Ply- 
 mouth districts. This company has storage facilities at Cheektowaga for at least 100,000 tons. It lias ahvavs a 
 large stock on hand. This company's output is distributed among its sales agents and not sold to dealers direct. 
 D. E. Russell is the Buffalo sales agent of this company, with offices at the yards on Erie Street. E. L. Hed'- 
 strom & Co. are the local agents of the company, at their office, 360 Ellicott Square. 
 
 LEHIGH VALLEY COAL COMPANY. 
 
 An enormous amount of hard coal is brought to Buffalo by the Lehigh Valley Coal Company from its mines in 
 the Pittston, Wilkes-Barre, and Lehigh districts. This is handled here at the great trestles at' Cheektowaga and 
 at the docks of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company. It has four trestles to accommodate the local trade. A 
 large quantity of this coal is marketed from BufTalo in the West, Northwest, and in Canada. The boats of the 
 Lehigh Transportation Company carry heavy coal freights to Chicago, Milwaukee, and West Superior for Duluth. 
 Col. J. H. Horton is the Buffalo representative of this company with offices in the Birge Building, on the south- 
 east corner of Main and Seneca streets. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA & READING COAL AND IRON COMPANY. 
 
 Of great importanee to Buffalo is the coal business of the Philadelphia & Reading Coal and Iron Company, 
 which is the largest miner of anthracite and owns 95,000 acres and leases 7,500 acres of coal lands in the Schuyl- 
 kill district, the heart of the anthracite regions of Pennsylvania, producing nearly 9,000,000 tons of coal annually. 
 Of this Buffalo receives a very notable proportion, the facilities of the company at this point being exceptionally 
 complete. The capacity of the shipping docks here is 10,000 tons and of the retail pockets .it the foot of Georgia 
 Street 3,000 tons. The local representative of the company is D. L. Tuttle, who has commodious quarters at 
 914-920 Prudential Building. He has charge of the large shipping interests of the company by lake and rail 
 from Buffalo, and also of the sales of coal in New York and Pennsylvania west of Buffalo, and the entire States 
 of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Northern Kentucky. 
 
 THE PITTSBURG AND BUFFALO COMPANY. 
 
 The headquarters of the Pittsburg and Buffalo Coal Company are at Pittsburg, Pa., the company being owners 
 and operators of several large coal mines in the Pittsburg and Freeport districts, having a long-established reputa- 
 tion as producers and shippers of coal. James Jones, the chairman of the company, is one of the coal-trade 
 pioneers of this country and is well and favorably known all over the continent. The company owns a large outfit 
 of coal cars and also manufactures on an extensive scale coke, brick, sewer pipe, and hollow blocks. It has branch 
 offices at Chicago, Cleveland, and in this city, the latter, located at 8iO to S-t-l Prudential Building, being in charge 
 of T. P. Jones, who represents the company's interests in Western New York and Canada. The officers of the 
 company are : Chairman, as above stated, James Jones ; President, John H. Jones ; Vice-President, Thomas P. 
 Jones ; Secretary, William I. Jones ; Treasurer, David G. Jones ; Superintendent, Harry P. Jones. 
 
 PITTSBURGH COAL COMPANY. 
 
 The great Pittsburgh Coal Company, with a capital of f 64,000,000, and paying regularly 7 per cent, dividends 
 on its preferred stock, is the outcome of the great movement for combination and consolidation of the p.ast decade, 
 and was mainly organized by the efforts of F. L. Robbins of Pittsburg, now chairman and president of its board 
 of directors. The company was incorporated under the laws of New Jersey, in 1899, when it purchased and 
 began the operation of the mines and properties of nearly all of the producers and shippers by rail of steam and 
 gas coal in the Pittsburg district. It has since acquired additional coal lands by purchase and lease, and now con- 
 trols upward of 150,000 acres in the Pittsburg territory, employing over 30,000 operatives, with an annual output 
 of more than 15,000,000 tons. It has vast docks along the Great Lakes and a comprehensive system of branch 
 railways. It supplies through its Buffalo office a large wholesale demand in Canada and Western New York. It 
 has no yards or docks in Buffalo, its coal being forwarded by direct delivery over the Pennsylvania .and Lake Shore 
 railroads. Its BufTalo business is handled by Edwin Lane, who was formerly agent of the Osborne-Sager 
 Company, since absorbed, who has represented the Pittsburg Coal Company here since its organization in 1899. 
 
120 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 ">«'.«'»M» i.--..*.". --« 
 
 Photo by Hall. 
 
 HARRY YATES. 
 
 Butialo Representative, Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal and Iron Company. 
 (See page 121.) 
 
TWENTIETH CEXTURV BUFFALO. 121 
 
 BUFFALO & SUSQUEHANNA COAL AND COKE COMPANY. 
 
 The Buffalo & Susquehanna Coal and Coke Company is one of the numerous striking evidences of the commer- 
 cial enterprise of Frank H. Goodyear in association with his brother Charles W. Goodyear. This company oper- 
 ates large soft coal mines at Dubois, in Clearfield County, Pa., and large coke ovens at Tyler, Pa., and also owns 
 extensive bituminous coal lands in Indiana, Jefferson, and Armstrong counties, Pennsylvania, to develop which 
 extensive preparations are being made. It is intended to extend the Buffalo & Susquehanna Railroad system south- 
 ward from Sinnemahoning into this important territory, which will be in direct reach of Buffalo when the extension 
 of the Buffalo & Susquehanna Railway, from Wellsville, N. V., to this city, now in progress, is completed. The 
 officials of the Buffalo & Susquehanna Coal and Coke Company are : President, Frank H. Goodyear ; Vice-Presi- 
 dent, Charles W. Goodyear; Secretary and Treasurer, ¥. A. Lehr ; .\uditor, \V. II. Baumes ; General Manager, 
 F. B. Lincoln ; General Sales Agent, H. H. Gardiner. 
 
 ROCHESTER & PITTSBURGH COAL AND IRON COMPANY. 
 
 The Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal and Iron Company, represented in Buffalo by Harry Yates, at 1218-1224 
 Prudential Building, are very extensive miners of bituminous coal and manufacturers of coke. The mines of the 
 company are chiefly in the Reynoldsville district, at Adrian, Eleanora, Soldier Run, Helvetia, Walston (at 
 which places the coke ovens are located), Beechtree, London, Hamilton, and Sherwood. Buffalo is a very 
 important distributing point for the company's products, the local consumption of which is also very large, over 
 150,000 tons per month being handled by the Buffalo agency. The yards and trestles of the company in this city 
 are at Michigan and Ganson streets, and Fillmore Avenue and Clinton Street. 
 
 WILLIAMS & PETERS. 
 
 Williams & Peters are general sales agents for the anthracite mined by the Erie Railroad Company, by the New 
 York, Susquehanna & Western Coal Company, and of the Pennsylvania Coal Company, and are western represent- 
 atives of the Delaware cS: Hudson Railroad Company's anthracite output. They are also agents for the Northwest- 
 ern and Exchange Mining Company's bituminous coal, and for the well-known Blossburg Company's " Blossburg " 
 coal. Their main offices are at No. 1 Broadway, New York, and they have branch offices at Boston, New Haven, 
 Chicago, and Buffalo, where they own the largest coal shipping docks in the city. Their extensive business in the 
 territory tributary to Buffalo is managed by W. T. Roberts, Western Sales Agent, whose offices are at 1112 Pru- 
 dential Building. 
 
 THE HEDSTROM INTERESTS. 
 
 The coal business founded half a century ago by Eric L. Hedstrom is now conducted by Arthur E. Hedstrom, 
 with whom is associated E. C. Roberts, at 306 to 312 EUicott Square. It includes the local Scranton anthracite 
 trade of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Company, and large transactions with various railroads as 
 miners and shippers of bituminous coal. At the address named are the quarters of the Hedstrom Coal Mining 
 Company, the general offices of the Fairmount Coal Company, of the Sewickley, and of A. E. Hedstrom as Presi- 
 dent of the Franklin Iron Manufacturing Company. 
 
 COXE BROTHERS & COMPANY (Imcorporated). 
 
 Coxe Brothers & Company (incorporated) own and operate anthracite mines in the Lehigh region, with an 
 annual capacity of 3,000,000 tons, the output being a hard coal of especially excellent candescent qualities, it 
 being among those of the highest grade in the market. The company does a large business from its Buffalo nihce, 
 shipping through here by rail some 75,000 tons annually, and from here by lake, in ordinary seasons, about 300,000 
 tons, destined for various lake ports, principally for Chicago, Milwaukee, and Dululh. The company is repre- 
 sented in Buffalo by J. B. Conard, who has been their agent for eighteen years, with offices at 1020 Prudential 
 Building. 
 
 FRANK F. WILLIAMS & COMPANY. 
 
 Thirty years ago Frank F. Williams and Horace A. Noble were associated in the coal business in Buffalo. 
 Thi-; association led to the organization, in 1879, of the firm of Frank F. Williams & Company, now engaged in 
 the same line of commerce, with offices at 700 to 706 Mooney & Brisbane Building. Mr. Noble is at the head ol 
 the firm, which owns large bituminouscoal mines on both the low-grade division and the main line of the .-Mlegheny 
 Valley Railroad in Pennsylvania. Their product, a first-class quality of steam coal, is distributed over a wide ter- 
 ritory. In Buffalo they have a large trade, largely supplied from their dock on the Blackwell Canal, where they 
 have especial facilities for fueling steamers. The other members of the firm are Horace -A.. Noble, John K. NMl- 
 liams, Robert H. Williams, and John W. Noble. 
 
 H. K. WICK 6c COMPANY (Incorporated). 
 
 The H. K. Wick Companv, incorporated in .Mav, 1884, are extensive producers of " Pittsburg "coal, with 
 larcre mines in Mercer, Butler, 'and Clarion counties. Pa., their output being the best grade of steam coal, which is 
 readily marketed in Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, the New England Slates, and Canada. Their coal is all 
 transported by rail and they own a large equipment of individual coal cars. The principal officers of the company 
 are : President, H. K. Wick ; Secretary and Treasurer, William D. Ward. Their offices have long been estab- 
 lished at 6i-65 Erie County Bank Building. 
 
122 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Photo by Hall. 
 
 MARK PACKARD. 
 
 President, Tug River Coal Land Co., President, Pocahontas Thin Veil Coal Land Co., etc. 
 
 (See page 125.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUKKAI.O. 
 
 123 
 
 Photo by Hall. 
 
 FRANK P. WEAVER. 
 Buffalo Manager, Weaver Coal & Coke Company. (See page 125.) 
 
124 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Q 
 2: 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 125 
 
 WEAVER COAL & COKE COMPANY. 
 
 The Weaver Coal & Coke Company, incorporated under the laws of the State of Illinois, with a caoital of 
 
 . . upany's output comprises 
 
 Maryland smokeless coal and bituminous coal from mines in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and West Vir- 
 ginia, and a very high grade of coke from their ovens at Weaver, West Virginia. The Buffalo Agency was estab- 
 lished in October, 1902, and a very large trade has already been built up in New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and 
 Canadian territory, within economical reach of this point. In addition to their extensive wholesale business', the 
 company are supplying large quantities of anthracite for local retail use. The Buffalo Manager is Frank P. 
 Weaver, formerly treasurer of Niagara County and a brother of the company's president. The General Sales 
 Agent here is C. L. Couch, who has had a long experience, having been for three years with the Delaware & 
 Hudson Canal Company and subsequently, for fourteen years, with the Philadelphia & Reading Coal and Iron 
 Company. His assistant is W. C. Moss, formerly with the Franklin Mills Company of Lockport, N. Y. The 
 company has a very fine suite of offices on the eighth floor of the Prudential Building. 
 
 MARK PACKARD. 
 
 Mark Packard has been actively identified with the wholesale coal and coke business in Buffalo since October, 
 1879. His interests are now very extended and diversified, as he not only handles a large tonnage of Pittsburg 
 steam and Yongheogheny gas coal for shipment to Eastern, Western, and Canadian markets, and all through New 
 York State, but is actively engaged in large coal development enterprises. A few years ago he purchased and has 
 since developed a tract of 10,000 acres of Pocahontas coal lands in McDowell County, W. Va., on the main line of 
 the Norfolk & Western Railroad, and at the present time in that territory there are a number of producing companies 
 shipping coal east to tidewater, for the New England market and for export, and west to the Ohio, Indiana, 
 Illinois, and Michigan markets. The capacity of the works in McDowell County considerably exceeds 1,000.000 
 tons per annum. Mr. Packard is President of the Tug River Coal Land Company and of the Pocahontas Thin 
 Veil Coal Land Company, and owns and operates the Mahoning Colliery at .Mahoning, Pa., on the -•Mleghcny 
 division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The Mahoning coal is distributed in Buffalo, New York State, Canada, 
 Northwestern Pennsylvania, and the Eastern market. He is likewise interested, as director and the heaviest indi- 
 vidual stockholder, in the works of the Hamilton Coal Mining Comp.any, located at Crag Dell Station, Westmore- 
 land County, Pa., twenty miles from Pittsburg. This coal reaches the Pittsburg market direct by tidewater for 
 shipment to New England States, and by rail to Buffalo, New York State, Canada, Northwestern Pennsylvania, 
 and New England. In addition to handling the best grades of Connellsville and Pocahontas coke, he will control 
 the shipments in New York State and the Canadian and Eastern markets the output of the ovens now being erected 
 at Batavia, N. Y., of the Consolidated Gas & Electric Company. These ovens are being built from designs of Prof. 
 Lowe, adopted by the Jones & Laughlin concern of Pittsburg, to produce a coke in every respect equal to the best 
 Connellsville output for domestic purposes and for cupola and furnace use. 
 
 Mr. Packard is identified with the banking interests in McDowell County, W. Va., being one of the largest 
 stockholders in the McDowell County Bank, the pioneer banking institution of the Pocahontas and Tug River 
 coal fields. 
 
 Mr. Packard's great and growing business is conducted in a fine suite of offices, on the fifth floor, in the New 
 Fidelity Trust Building. 
 
 LUMBER. 
 
 The lumber trade of Twentieth Century Buffalo is of vast proportions and is likely to 
 increase steadily as long as the timber lands of North America continue productive. In 1850, 
 the city's requirements were supplied from outlying districts, Canadian lumber being in exten- 
 sive demand. The present importance of the lumber trade of Niagara Frontier is due to 
 the fact that the facilities for lumber carrying by lake have been understood and developed by 
 men of sagacity and enterprise. It was John S. Noyes — still in the business and President of 
 the Lumber Exchange in 1902 — who solved the jiroblem of cheap transportation for lumber. 
 In 1861, he brought the first barge load of lumber down the lakes to Buffalo, and from that 
 time the local trade grew very rapidly. During the years of the Civil War it dimini.shed some- 
 what and also in the ten years between IMO and 1880, owing to the rapid development of 
 Tonawanda as a port of transshipment. But Tonawanda is mainly a great lumber depot, 
 owned largely by outside capital, whereas in Buffalo to-day the lumber in the yards represents 
 Buffalo capital and the Buffalo lumber trade enriches the city at large. 
 
12tj 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 / 
 
 JOHN S. NOYES. 
 
 Pioneer in the lumber trade of Butialo. President of the Buffalo Lumber 
 Exchange, 1902. (See page 127.) 
 
TWENTIKTU CENTUKV BL'KKALO. 127 
 
 LUMBER STATISTICS. 
 
 The receipts of lumber, not including laths, railroad ties, staves, slave bolts, shingles, posts pulp wood and 
 
 void !!:; w 'T r ''""''' "^ '"'"'"■■ "°' '■"^'"'''"S ^'-«. headings, shingles, timber, and pulp 
 
 Ihtlin n ™^^^. 'T, y^^ 7"'P'^ '^y -'' °f =^11 kinds of lumber, estimated from reports furnished, as f;r as 
 obtamable f^m pnncpa dea ers, for the year 1902, amounted to about 150,000,000 foet. an increase o ten pe 
 cent, over 1901. .\bout half the amount was hardwood and one-fourth hemlock ^ 
 
 39o?00 00n'f 7"''*' °' '" 'r'"" '' ■'''' '""'• "'' ■■"' '" ^'"'^''' ''"■■'"8 l^O^ -- «'i-="«d "> "ceed 
 jyj. 000,000 feet, an increase of ten per cent, over 1901. 
 
 The shipments in 1901, chiefly by rail, exceeded 235,000,000 feet, an n,crease of ten per cent, over 1902 More 
 than half the shipments were of white pine. 
 
 , J^llT''' ^' "°^' "''' ^^""^ °^ '""'''" '" ™'"'''"' ^""■^'° y""^^ "•^'^ = hardwood, 58,000,000 feet ■ white nine 
 102,000,000 feet ; hemlock, 17.000,000 feet ; shingles, 29.000,000 feet ; a total of 206,000,000 feet Of this total 
 It was estimated that about 20,000,000 feet was in the hands of retailers. 
 
 It was estimated that during 1902 a total of 400,000,000 feet of lumber was shipped bv BuIT;,1o dealers direct 
 from pomts of supply to outside customers, an increase of more than twenty-five per cent, over 1901. 
 
 BUFF.VLO LUMBER EXCHANGE. 
 
 The Buffalo Lumber Exchange has for more than twenty-five years been an important and influential organiza- 
 tion, not only m the immediate interests of its members but in its active cooperation in efforts to promote the gen- 
 eral welfare of the community, especially in matters affecting its commercial prosperitv. The officials of the 
 Exchange for 1903 are: President, Frank W. Vetter ; Vice-President, George B. Montgomery; Secretary and 
 Treasurer, Knowlton Mixer ; Directors, Frank W. Vetter, M. M. Wall, John S. Noyes, James T. Ilurd, C. Wal- 
 ter Betts, Millard Burns, Knowlton Mixer, George B. Montgomery, O. E. Yeager, A. J. Elias, Alfred Haines. 
 John S. Noyes, one of the most experienced and best-known men in the lumber business, was President of the 
 Exchange in 1902. Mr. Mixer has most efficiently filled the position of Secretarv and Treasurer since November 
 16, 1896. 
 
 GOODYEAR LUMBER COMPANY. 
 
 The name of Goodyear is very closely associated with the progressive spirit now being manifested in many of 
 the business affairs of Twentieth Century Buffalo. As noted elsewhere in this edition of Twentieth Centiiky 
 Buffalo, the Goodyear Brothers, Frank H. and Charles W., are prominentiv identified with the Buffalo & Sus- 
 quehanna Railroad Company, the Buffalo & Susquehanna Iron Company, and the Buffalo & Susquehanna Coal and 
 Coke Company. But it is primarily because of their enterprise as pioneers in the lumber trade in this section that 
 they now merit especial public recognition as leaders in the commercial world. In 1872, Frank H Goodyear 
 came to Buffalo and went into the lumber and coal business, but gradually extended his operations until he obtained 
 control of extensive coal and lumber territory in Pennsylvania. In 1887, he was joined bv his brother Charles 
 who was then a prominent attorney in Buffalo, establishing the firm of F. H. & C. W. Goodvear, which rapi.ily 
 built up an enormous wholesale lumber business, manufacturing Pennsvlvania white hemlock on a large scale. In 
 1902 their timber interests were absorbed into the Goodyear Lumber Company, the officials of which are : Presi- 
 dent, F. H. Goodyear ; Vice-President, C. W. Goodyear ; with whom are associated as directors, A. C. Goodyear, 
 G. M. Sicard. and Ganson Depew ; General Sales Agent. J. W. Trounce. The company owns vast tracts of tim- 
 ber land in Pennsylvania and operates extensive and well-equipped lumber mills, with an estimated producing 
 capacity of 800,000 to 1,000,000 feet per day, and has a little army of salesmen, operatives, and other employes on 
 Us payroll. The Buffalo & Susquehanna Railroad system has been an important factor in developing the great 
 Goodyear lumber business. Frank H. Goodyear is interested in manv industrial enterprises, among others, as a 
 director in the United States Leather Company. 
 
 HOLLAND, GRAVES, MANBERT & GEORGE. 
 
 Holland, Graves, Manbert cS: George, wholesale dealers in white pine lumber, shingles, and lath, have one of 
 the most important lumber yards in Buffalo, situated at the foot of Hertel Avenue, on Niagara River. The firm 
 comprises N. C. Holland, L. P. (Jraves, A, C. Manbert, and H. I. George, who have been associated in business 
 for five years. Their yard has a frontage of 1,300 feet on Niagara River, and runs back to the canal. The firm 
 has three salesmen on the road, disposing of the lumber in which the firm deals and which comes pretty near being 
 the choicest soft-wood lumber of commerce to-day. The shingles and lath furnished by this house are also of 
 excellent quality and give good satisfaction wherever used. The gentlemen composing the firm are well known 
 and highly esteemed in Buffalo. 
 
128 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Photo hy llall. 
 
 KNOWLTON MIXER. 
 
 Senior partner. Mixer & Co. Secretary and Treasurer. Buttalo Lumber Exchange. 
 
 (See page 1^(».) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 129 
 
 HOLLAND & GRAVES. 
 
 There are few better known Buflfalo firms in the lumber business th,->n that of Holland & Graves, manufactur- 
 ers of white pine lumber, whose mills are at Byng Inlet, Ont., with he.id office at the foot of Hertel Avenue, Buf- 
 falo. The firm is composed of Nelson Holland and Luther P. Graves. They deal in white pine lumber exclusively. 
 A thorough knowledge of business, gained by years of experience, are the advantages Messrs. Holland tS: Graves 
 bring to their business in an eminent degree. They are widely known as wide-awake, enterprising lumber men 
 and there are none in the trade in Buffalo more favor.ably known. They are used to handling large affairs and 
 their business runs into heavy amounts. The Merchants' Exchange and the Lumber Exchange, and various organ- 
 izations that exist that are of benefit to the city, are supported by the men of the broad and liberal spirit of Messrs. 
 Holland & Graves. The name of this firm is a perfect synonym for honorable dealing and is so known to every- 
 body who has anything to do with the lumber business throughout the /Vmerican continent. 
 
 RICHMANN-ROBSON COMPANY. 
 
 Among the well-established industrial concerns of Twentieth Century Buffalo which have established an envi- 
 able reputation and have conduced largely to the growth and prosperity of the city is that of the Kichmann-Rob- 
 son Company, manufacturers of wood mantels, and located at Nos. 19 to '29 Tonawanda .Street. This sterling 
 institution was established by Gustav Kichmann, since deceased. In February, 1900, the present company was 
 incorporated with headquarters at Niagara Street, near Delavan Avenue, where an extensive business was done, so 
 large, in fact, that it became necessary to remove about a year ago to a new and larger factory, located at Nos. 19 
 to 29 Tonawanda Street, 50 x 120 feet on the ground and two stories in height, and since then a very large busi- 
 ness, extending throughout the entire States of New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, has been developed. This 
 trade is mostly with contractors, builders, and grate manufacturers, and very many of the finest houses and build- 
 ings in Buffalo and a large adjoining territory have been fitted with mantels made by this company. The factory 
 is fitted with the finest and latest improved machinery, much of which was S|)ecially built to make the superior 
 designs which are always carried in stock. A specialty is made of architects' drawings. The mantels made by the 
 Richmann-Robson Company are noted for their artistic finish and superior workmanship. The present officers of 
 the Richmann-Robson Company are J T. Robson, President and Treasurer, and Louis Gingras, Vice-President and 
 Secretary, both of whom are natives of Buffalo, enterprising and progressive and practical business men, and ever 
 in touch with every movement tending to promote the best interests of the city. Socially, both .Messrs. Robson 
 and Gingras are prominent and popular. 
 
 MIXER & COMPANY. 
 
 The firm of Mixer & Company is a continuation of the lumber business established in 1857 by Harrison B. 
 Mixer and James R. Smith. \Vhen the latter retired, Mr. Mixer's bookkeeper, C. W. Baldy, was admitted into 
 partnership, the name Mixer & Company being adopted. Mr. H. B. Mixer retired in 1891, Knowlton Mixer taking 
 his place. Mr. Baldy died in 1896, and H. Shumway Lee succeeded him. Knowlton Mixer and H. Shumway 
 Lee now constitute the firm of Mixer & Company, which conducts an extensive lumber business at 287 Elk Street. 
 Their sales of hemlock, white pine. North Carolina pine, maple flooring, shingles and lath are made throughout 
 the State of New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, with occasional shipments to New England. They are 
 agents for the Roanoke Railroad & Lumber Company of Norfolk, Va., one of the largest producers of North 
 Carolina pine in the country. They handle the entire hemlock output of a mill in Pennsylvania cutting 50,000 
 feet per day, as well as large quantities from other points. The firm recently secured an important tract of yellow 
 pine timber in Southern Georgia, and, under the name of the Buffalo Yellow Pine Company, are manufacturing 
 on an extensive scale at Haylon, Ga., timber and kiln-dried boards. Locally, they supply builders and contractors 
 with all kinds of lumber for building purposes, sashes, doors, and blinds, trimmed as required. Not only is it one 
 of the oldest lumber firms in the city but it is also one of the most enterprising and progressive. 
 
 STANDARD LUMBER COMPANY. 
 
 Among the leading corporations which have contributed to a marked degree in making Twentieth Century 
 Buffalo the lumber mart of the world is the Standard Lumber Company, whose office and extensive yards are situ- 
 ated at No. 1075 Clinton Street, at the foot of Lewis Street. This company manufactures and deals, by wholesale 
 exclusively, in hardwood lumber, making a specialty of oak, birch, and poplar. The yards have 125 feet frontage 
 on Clinton Street and a depth of 800 feet, with a capacity of more than 5,000,000 feet of lumber. It lies 
 directly on the Erie Railway, and a switch runs through its center, affording unequaled facilities for shipping. 
 Constant employment is given to a large force of competent workmen. The company, which is composed of 
 Herman J. Kreinheder, Robert F. Kreinheder, and A. W. Kreinheder, was established about four years ago at 
 Smith Street and the Western New York & Pennsylvania Railroad. From the start the tr.ide grew rapidly, until 
 within a short time it outgrew its quarters and a new and larger plant was found necessary, the present location 
 being selected. While the bulk of the sales are now done with the trade in the Eastern States, a large and 
 influential patronage has been built up all over the United States, and considerable export trade is also being 
 secured. The companv controls large mills in Tennessee, which it operates, and the bulk of the lumber handled 
 comes from immense tracts in that State and Kentucky. In both of those States the company has representatives 
 looking carefully after the shipments and to whose experience and judgment the high-grade quality of the products 
 handled by the house is due. A large and complete stock is carried m the Buffalo yards at all times, so that 
 orders, no matter how large, can be filled promptly and satisfactorily. The members of the company are natives 
 
130 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 HENRV M. POOLE. 
 
 Senior member of tlie firm, H. M. Poole & Co.. Wholesale Lumber Cealers. 
 (See page i:tl.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURN' BUFFALO. 181 
 
 of Buffalo. Mr. Herman J. Kreinheilcr, the senior member of the firm, was for a numliur of years engaged in the 
 manufacture and sale of carriages. In 1892, he retired from active business and devoted himself to bmlding on 
 his property in the Elmwood and East Buffalo districts. He was one of the builders of the Huffalo, Tonawanda 
 & Niagara Falls Electric Railway, the first electric line running out of Buffalo. In public life he has always been 
 prominent. He was chairman of the Erie County Republican Committee, real estate commissioner of the German 
 Voung Men's Association, and a director of various societies. He was also .Special Deputy Commissioner of 
 Excise. Robert F. Kreinheder and A. \V. Kreinheder, his ne])liews, are both young men, thoroughly experienced 
 in business and enjoying the highest reputation in the commercial and financial'world as public spirited, up-to-date 
 practical men, thoroughly representative of the enterprise and progressiveness of Twentieth Century Buffalo. 
 They are the active members of the firm, are members of the Buffalo Lumber Exchange, and to their al)ility and 
 business acumen the success which has been won by the company is largely due. 
 
 JOHN S. NOYES. 
 
 John S. Noyes, who was President of the Buffalo Lumber Exchange in 1902, and who, as noted elsewhere, was 
 the pioneer of the lake lumber trade, is still conducting a large business on Ganson Street. For many years he 
 was associated with George P. Sawyer, the firm being Noyes & Sawyer. The latter retired from the firm in 1901. 
 
 H. M. POOLE & COMPANY. 
 
 The firm of H. M. Poole c& Company does a very extensive wholesale lumber business and is one of the most 
 important concerns in their line in this section. Their specialty is hemlock lumber. Henry ^L Poole is at the 
 head of the firm. Associated with him is Gilbert L. Hume. Their offices are at 68 Erie County Savings Bank 
 Building. 
 
 JOHN N. SCATCHERD. 
 
 The extensive hardwood lumber business now conducted by John N. Scatcherd at Seneca Street was 
 established by his father, James N., who died in 1885. The former has been actively engaged in the lumber trade 
 since 1880. He is also connected with a number of other important business enterprises. He has filled the 
 positions of President of the Merchants Exchange and of the Bank of Buffalo with marked ability, and is regarded 
 as one of Buffalo's most enterprising business men and an especially public spirited citizen. His portrait appears 
 on page 6. 
 
 T. SULLIVAN & COMPANY. 
 
 One of the important wholesale lumber enterprises of Twentieth Century Buffalo is that of T. Sullivan & Com- 
 panv, located at the corner of Arthur and Niagara streets, Black Rock, established here by Timothy Sullivan in 
 1888, although for several years previous he did a large lumbering business in Michigan. The members of the 
 company are Timothy Sullivan, Fred M. Sullivan, and Albert H. Brailsford. This company is one of the largest 
 in this section of the country. The yards have a frontage of 390 feet on Arthur Street and 500 feet on the Niagara 
 River, and twenty men are employed in them. Besides these there are two traveling salesmen and two buyers, 
 who are kept constantly out on the road and in the producing districts. The two-story office is fitted with every 
 convenience for the transaction of the large business done by the company. Twentieth Century Buffalo, the ideal 
 lumber port of this country, has many very extensive yards, but none that are superior to those of T. Sullivan & 
 Company. The members of the firm of T. Sullivan ..'v: Company are experienced, enterprising, and honorable in 
 all their dealings with their fellow-men. In the commercial world they are prominent and enjoy the confidence of 
 their associates. In the social world they are popular and are honored members of a number of .social and frater- 
 nal organizations. In their business as well as their social relations their integrity and high financial standing has 
 never been questioned. 
 
 EMPIRE LUMBER COMPANY. 
 
 To the Empire Lumber Company, whose office .and yards are located at No. 1142 Seneca Street, the supremacy 
 of Twentieth Century Buffalo as a lumber port is in no small measure attributalile. This successful concern, which 
 deals in hardwood lumber of all kinds, wholesale exclusively, was organized and incorporated under the laws of 
 the State of New York in 1892, with a capital of $200,000 and the following oflicers : President, H. C. Christy ; 
 Vice-President, H. C. Bradley; General Manager, F. \V. Vetter. The company owns five large sawmills, some 
 20,000 acres of land, and thirteen miles of railroad in Arkansas. The yards in ButTalo have a stor.-ige cap.acily of 
 about 10,000,000 feet, and are equipped with the most modern facilities and latest improved appliances for the 
 carrying out of the big business. A large force of experienced workmen are given employment. The company 
 carries a very large stock of hardwood lumber, well seasoned and of all descriptions and best quality. The lumber 
 for the new BuH^lo post-oftice and the new post-office at Elmira was supplied by the Empire Lumber Company, 
 while many of the finest buildings in the State have been built from material furnished by them. The business of 
 the Empire Lumber Company has grown rapidly under the able management of .\Ir. Vetter, who is the President 
 of the Buffalo Lumber Exchange, and now extends all over the United States, while a considerable export trade is 
 done. Messrs. Christy and Bradley are citizens of Cleveland, while Mr. Vetter is a native of Buffalo. All .are 
 expert lumber men, thoroughly versed in every detail of the business, and eminently qualified to conduct the vast 
 business which they have developed. 
 
132 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 THOMAS TTNDLE. 
 Senior Member of the firm of Tindle & Jackson. (See page 133.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUKEALO. 133 
 
 THE BUILDERS' PLANING MILL COMPANY. 
 
 Prominent among the lumber industries of Twentieth Century Buffalo is that of the Builders' Planing Mill 
 Company, located at 187 Michigan Street, which company since incorporation has jiroved itself one of the most 
 prosperous and best managed concerns in the city. The company transacts a wholesale and retail lumber business in 
 Buffalo and her environs — principally with contractors, builders, 'and manufacturers, and deals in every description of 
 lumber and mill work. It has built up an enviable name for fine work and reliable dealings, and deserves the high 
 position to which it has attained in the mercantile and manufacturing circles of the city. The mills and yards of 
 this company occupy about 50,000 square feet of ground space. The former are thoroughly equippeil with every mod- 
 ern appliance, and with up-to-date machinery, while in the latter is always kept on hand a large stock of lumber, 
 both finished and in the rough. A new feature to Buffalo is the importing of mahogany logs and the manufacture 
 of mahogany stock from the logs, thus giving de.ilers and cabinet workers the mahogany stuff at hand. 
 
 The manager of the company's mill' is .Mr. Julius 1 )eitz, a courteous gentleman of marked executive ability, 
 whose faith in the high destiny of Buffalo is evidenced by his liberal attitude towards public enterprise. 
 
 TINDLE & JACKSON. 
 
 Twenty-five years ago Thomas Tindle was the agent and traveling representative, for cooperage stock, ol 
 Charles A. Sweet of Buffalo, who later withdrew to engage in banking enterprises. In 1880, Mr. Tindle began 
 business on his own account and is now one of the oldest operators in the cooper,age business in the United States, 
 having built up an enormous and very successful trade. Except in a small way, for local requirements, his firm, 
 Tindle &: Jackson, are not manufacturing coopers, but Buffalo is the main office of a great traffic in "slack" 
 cooperage stock, that is, in staves, heads, and hoops to be made up by their customers into barrels. These 
 barrels are required chiefly for sugar, flour, fruit, salt, and cement, the largest requirement being for the first two 
 named articles. This trade amounts to approaching .*:1. 500,000 annually. A prodigious amount of especially 
 selected timber, principally bass wood for the headings and elm for staves and hoops, is required to furnish such a 
 demand. It is hewn in the great forests owned by the firm in the northern part of the southern ]ieninsula of the 
 State of Michigan. To secure the required timber it has been necessary to purchase from time to time thousands 
 of acres, on which grew a great variety of forest trees. After utilizing the kinds of timber especially suitable for 
 cooperage an economical problem has been the marketing of the varieties which remained. Some have been sold to 
 lumbermen, some cut up in local saw mills, and some, like the maple, which is turned into broom hantlles, used for 
 especial purposes. The satisfactory solving of tliis problem is the secret of the business prosperity and conse(.|uent 
 fin,ancial success which Mr. Tindle and his associate, Mr. \V. K. Jackson, have achieved. In convenient 
 proximitv to the timber supply the firm has erected mills, at Saginaw, Thompsonville, Bellaire, Gaylord, and Alba. 
 .\ mill at Nessen City was recently destroyed by fire. A new an<l extensive plant has just been established at 
 Pellston, where staves and hoops will be manufactured, and where a sawmill will also be operated. The product 
 of the mills whose products are utilized for cooperage purposes are shipped direct, chiefly by rail, to the customers, 
 who are distributed all over the Union, the largest being the Brooklyn sugar refineries and the Minneapolis flour 
 mills, with which large and continuous contracts are held. During the time that Mr. Tindle has been engaged in 
 the cooperage business there has been no material change in methods, barrel staves or headings being manufac- 
 tured in the same way, with but very slight improvement in the machinery, as they were thirty years ago. With 
 hoops, however, it is quite different. Thirty years ago there were but very few hoops used in this section of the 
 country for flour, cement, sugar, salt, or fruit barrels, except what was known as the black-ash rived hoops ; but in 
 the early '70's half-round chestnut, maple, and hickory hoops began to be used for flour barrels, and then in the 
 later '70's and early '80's, what is known as the patent coiled elm hoops began to take the place of the black-ash 
 hoops for sugar, salt, cement, and fruit barrels ; and then along in the '90's they began to use the patent coiled 
 elm hoops on flour barrels, and now black-ash hoops are things of the past, and the question of to-day is what 
 hoop will succeed the coiled elm hoops, as the supply of elm, such as is required, is becoming very scarce, and 
 hard to find. Tindle & Jackson make a specialty of manufacturing the highest grade of coiled elm hoops and, 
 having in view this branch of their business, they purchased large tracts of timber lands in Northern Michigan and 
 erected the mills at Pellston. Mr. Tindle has ni.ade a life-long study of the marketing as well as the manufacture 
 of cooperage stock. Every detail of the business has been carefully supervised. Comjietition is keen and 
 commercial rivals are continually on the aggressive, but Tindle & Jackson have more than held their own. All 
 their business is directed from the Buffalo office. 1318-1328 Niagara Street. Mr. Tindle is an ardent advocate of 
 the advantages which Twentieth Century Buffalo offers as a business center and as an advantageous distributing 
 point. Personally he is in every regard a most reputable citizen. 
 
 ORDER OF HOO-HOO. 
 
 This altogether unique organization, which has solved the intricate problem of accurately combining business 
 with pleasure, under the full title of The Concatenated Order of Hoo-Hoo, was organized in 1892. Its member- 
 ship includes camp followers of the lumber trade, the newspaper men who report lumber conventions, the men 
 selling belting, saw-mill machinery, and saw-mill supplies, men identified with the freight departments of radroads 
 and lumbermen who have been, or who now are, ofiicers in the numerous lumber organizations. lis object is to 
 promote good fellowship in the lumber trade and incidentally to improve trade conditions. It has many members 
 in this section, and Buffalo is so well thought of by the order that its Twelfth .\nnual Concatenation was held in 
 this city, September 9, 1903. Among those who are Hoo-Hoos in Buffalo are; John Feist, O. E. Yaeger, 
 Curt M. Treat, C. H. Stanton, and J. J. Mossman. 
 
134 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 LOREN M. HEWIT. 
 
 Representative of R. F. Wilcox & Co.. Hardwood Lumber Manufactuters. etc. 
 (See page Vio.) 
 
TWKNTIETIl CK\TUR\' IJL'FFAI.O. 
 
 135 
 
 WORKS OF THE AMERICAN CABINET COMPANY AT ELMERTON, NORTH BUFFALO. 
 
 R. F. WILCOX & COMPANY. 
 
 The importance of Buffalo as a business center for tliose extensively engaged in the manufacture and distribu- 
 tion of lumber has been realized in a practical manner by several large and representative firms. One of the most 
 important and enterprising of these is that of R. F. Wilcox & Company, manufacturers of hardwood himhur on a 
 large scale, with mills at Reamer, Glen AUum, Charleston, Stafford, and Falling Rock, \V. Va. , and at Narrows, 
 Va. The firm carries a very large stock of hardwood lumber to fill their large contracts and to supply the trade 
 of its various branch depots. Buffalo is the headquarters of the firm for its extensive Eastern business, which is 
 under the able management of Mr. Loren M. Ifewit, who has had a long experience in the lumber business and in the 
 manufacture of various branches of woodwork on scientific and economic principles. 
 
 In addition to efficiently representing the interests of R. F. Wilcox & Company in this section, Mr. Hewit is 
 the active manager of the Keystone Hardwood Lumber Company and managing director of the American Cabinet 
 Company, which has just completed a factory of large capacity at North Buffalo, a most important addition to the 
 wood-working industries of the city, Mr. liewit has an abiding faith in Buffalo's importance as a manufacturing 
 point and the new factory of the cabinet company is a tangible evidence of that faith. 
 
 The R. F. Wilcox Company has a large export trade and is furnishing hardwood lumber for many large con- 
 sumers. The firm has satisfactorily filled large contracts with the State of New York and with the Unite<l States 
 Government. The U. S. Navy Yard, especially, is a large consumer of the product of the mills of the R. F. Wil- 
 cox Company, which is always an aggressive but honorable competitor where important business transactions are 
 involved. 
 
 THE BUFFALO SCHOOL FURNITURE WORKS. 
 
 One of the distinctive industries of Buffalo for nearly forty years has been the manufacture of school furniture. 
 In 1866, a factory was operated at the corner of Chicago and Miami streets. The business was removed in 1S76 to 
 larger premises, at the corner of Swan and Jefferson streets. A fire rendered rebuilding a necessity, and the name 
 of the Buffalo Hardware Company was adopted. In 1883, important expansion of operations justified the 
 incorporation of the Buffalo School' Furniture Company with a capital of $300,000. In 1899, the company was 
 absorbed by the American School Furniture Company and the Buffalo establishment of that great corporation is 
 one of the most complete and important of all its branches. The works now cover three and one-half acres of 
 ground, with suitable buildings, storehouses, drying kilns, storage and shipping facilities, and is fully equipped 
 with modern machinery for turning out promptly and in great quantities school furniture of the very best character 
 in all the grades, styles, and sizes in demand. A force of 400 men is employed. An enormous amount of hard- 
 wood, chietlv oak, maple, and cherry, is utilized, together with large quantities of metal fittings and furnishings, 
 chiefly maniifactured at the factory. Improvements in the methods of manufacture, including several important 
 patent devices, new models, and special designs, have been introduced from time to time, with the result that not 
 only is the factory the only one of its kind in the State, but it is equal in all respects to the very best in the country. 
 Its product is supplied all over North and South America, and large shipments are being made to England, Japan, 
 and the Philippines. Wherever modern educational methods prevail the goods produced by the Buffalo School 
 F'urniture factory are sure to be in evidence. In addition to school furniture a large quantity of office furniture, 
 chiefly for banks and similar institutions, is manufactured. 
 
 The resident manager of the factory and the Buffalo representative of the American School Furniture 
 Company, of which he is also a director, is Edward C. Shafer, who has been actively connected with the 
 enterprise for more than a quarter of a century. He is thoroughly familiar with the details of every branch of 
 
136 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 EDWARD C. SHAKER. 
 
 Buffalo Representative of the .American School Furniture Company, etc. 
 iSee page 133, i 
 
TWKNTIETH CENTURY BUKKAI.O. 
 
 137 
 
 HENRY STEL'L. 
 
 Senior member of the firm of Steul & Thuman. Member of the Board of Councilmen. 
 
 fSee page i:i!'.) 
 
138 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 C. H. STANTON. 
 Surveyor-General for the National Hardwood Lumber .Association. ^See page 1-19. ) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTUKV HUFFALO. l.^c, 
 
 Mr. Shafer's strong business qualfficiti „ and 1 is , e ^na po^^^^^ ^'^"' ='"''«'""' J""^.'"'-"- 
 
 in n>any emphatic ways. He «a. a Police C mmissione fn ' 8S8 ^ ^' '\ f>--"""-<='"^<^ns l.avc been shown 
 
 oneroMS position of C ty Comptroller vMch he hT, ■? h ' ["^?"""S "•>'^" '=''--'^'«' '» 'he important an,! 
 
 STEUL & THUMAN. 
 
 man becoming a partner of the survivor the firm becime th-,f nf v;t„„T c -ru ' ^Tank U 1 hu- 
 
 ..„K,„ . 1 ■» '" ^'i'-si,- siyies. /I laige toue ot skilled workmen, iiic uding des eners machinists i-arvprs 
 
 partnei Henrv Steul, is especially prominent in financial circles and in public life. He has been a member of the 
 Board of Councilmen for more than eight years. member ot the 
 
 SURVEYOR-GENERAL STANTON. 
 
 ,„ J*"" National Hardwood Lumber Association was organized in May, 1896, for the purpose of putting an end 
 ^le ?h' Hff™f' °" '^? 'T'"^, '" "''^ hardwood lumber trade, each market and section having different grading 
 ules and different methods of applying same. The trade was quick to appreciate the benefits to be derived from 
 uniformity in grading hardwood lumber and the rules established by the association have become the standard of 
 the country. The lumbermen of all sections of the country and all departments of the trade have united in 
 making these rules and they have been formally adopted by all the important lumber organizations. A most 
 important factor in the operations of the association is its inspection bureau, the chief executive oificer of which is 
 the burveyor-General who has entire control of the inspectors of the bureau and of the work of inspection. The 
 
 Fn^f " °M Tf \V !, -, ^'^"'i'";' ^ ■'"'^'°' "■^° ^""^ ^'^ ''^•'''' ^' 102 Law Exchange. Mr. Stanton was chosen to 
 succeed M M. ^\ all, also of Buffalo, in January, 1903, because of his executive ability and his thorough knowledge 
 ot the hardwood lumber trade. 
 
 CHAS. M. BETTS &: CO. 
 
 When the extensive lumber office, yards, and docks of Chas. M. Betts & Co. at the foot of Hertel Avenue 
 were visited by fire in 1900, a loss of over .f 175,000 was sustained by the firm, almost the entire stock on hand 
 being destroyed. The plant was promptly rebuilt and the yards fully restocked, and the firm has now an equipment 
 and faciht^s for doing business not surpassed in this section. Their docks and yards are most advantageously 
 located. The Niagara River is their western boundary and the Erie Canal extends along their eastern border line. 
 I he yards, which have direct railroad shipping connections, have a piling capacity of eighteen to twenty million 
 ieet of lumber, and the docks will accommodate an additional six or seven million feet, with ample unloading 
 arrangements. Their trade is almost entirely in high-grade white pine, disposed of in eastern territory, in New 
 \ork State, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New England. The Southern pine trade of the firm, supplied from 
 Us mill at Fort Sumter, S. C, is handled from Philadelphia, where the senior partner, Charles M. Betts, reside) 
 The Buffalo business is in charge of his son, C. Walter Betts. B. Franklin Betts is also a member of the firm 
 
 es. 
 
 TAYLOR & CRATE. 
 
 After forty years of successful business experience, Taylor & Crate now occupy the foremost position in the 
 hardwood lumber trade of which Twentieth Century Buffalo is the center. They own or control the output of 
 mills in all the lumber-producing sections and handle everything in the hardwood lumber line from any part of 
 the country, having a vast trade extending over a wide territory. Their office and yards are at 269 Elk Street, 
 near Louisiana Street. The members of the firm are : President, James Taylor ; Secretary, Horace F. Taylor ; 
 Treasurer, Horace C. Mills. 
 
140 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
e 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTUKV liUKKAI.O. 141 
 
 LIVE STOCK. 
 
 Among the many great commercial interests that have combined to place Buffalo in th. 
 front rank of the cities of the Western Hemisphere none are of more general importan. e than 
 the live stock busmess. Requiring a large capital, great skill, and a thorough knowledge of 
 detads, a successful live stock market is a subject of interest to the world at large. Few cities 
 are more peculiarly adapted for such a purpose and Buffalo possesses characteristics which are 
 lacking in other competing cities. The terminus of all the great trunk lines and waterways of 
 the East and West, within touch of the vast grazing States and easy shipping distance of the 
 markets of the East, Buffalo has every es.sential requisite as a superior live stock distributing 
 point in the United States, while her facilities for reaching the seal)oard ports make her an 
 important factor in export trade. These conditions have conduced to making the Buffalo live 
 stock market par excellence, and have enabled her, for nearly half a centurv, to hold her place 
 as second to none in the United States, both as regards volume of busine.ss and superioritv of 
 method in handling that business. 
 
 LIVE STOCK RECEIPTS. 
 
 The extent of the live stock business of Buffalo is shown by the following otTicial recor.l of the receipts for the 
 years named : 
 
 Cars. 
 " (Double decks. ) 
 
 Cattle, 1900, 31,333 
 
 1901, 31,974 
 
 1902, 28,895 
 
 Sheep, " 8,384 
 
 " 10,307 
 
 " 10,647 
 
 Hogs, " 11,953 
 
 ■' 11,997 
 
 " 13.101 
 
 Horses, " 2,961 
 
 3,318 
 
 3,198 
 
 NEW YORK CENTR.A.L LIVE STOCK Y.A.RDS. 
 
 The New York Central Live .Stock Yards, which cover more than 100 acres and are models of perfection in 
 every respect, handle the entire live stock business of every line entering the city. In sheep and lambs they stand 
 first of all the markets of the world, and only one city, Chicago, can boast of excelling in the volume of the cattle 
 and hog busmess. In these yards more than 80,000 animals can he handled at one time. The capacity of the 
 cattle yards IS 10,000 head; of the sheep houses, which are the largest in ttie world, 35,000; and of the hog 
 houses, 35,000. The volume of business varies somewhat, but some idea of its proportions may be had liv a fair 
 average of one month's distributed receipts, which aggregated 2,795 carloads of cattle, valued at «3 000 000- 
 1,153 carloads of sheep and lambs, $1,153,000; 1,553 carloads of hogs, .$2,329,000 — making a grand' total for 
 the year of $77,784,000. In years of more than ordinary business this total exceeds $100,000,000. The vards 
 are fitted with the very best facilities for receiving and shipping stock and every convenience that goes to make a 
 perfectly-appointed system. It is conceded by all familiar with the business and especially by^'those who have 
 shipped stock to the Buffalo market that the New York Central Stock Yards afford better facilities and offer better 
 advantages in every way than can be found at any other live stock distributing point in the United States, and 
 every protection is supplied against fire or accident. Broad, paved alleys, dry and cool hog and sheep houses, 
 lighted by private electric plant, and sanitarily clean in all respects, cattle pens 'provided with sheds for shelter^ 
 and fitted with the most approved appliances for watering and feeding, and an abumlance of pure water, are 
 among the features of the yards. Order and cleanliness prevail everywhere. The best facilities for receiving' and 
 shipping stock directly to and from the shutes on every side of the yards, enables a large and experienced corps of 
 assistants to quickly and careluUy dispose of many train loads of stock within a phenomenally short time, while 
 sixteen sets of scales are used, the utmost accuracy being insured through constant supervision by the manufacturers. 
 The yards were opened for public business in 1863. During the forty years they have been in operation they have 
 been enlarged and improved, until now they have reached a stage of perfection'which has made them famous all 
 over this and foreign countries. Henry Leigh, the Superintendent of the yards, who has entire supervision of the 
 immense business transacted, is one of the most experienced men in this line of business, having given it the 
 study of a life time. For many years Mr. Leigh had charge of the yards during the man.agement of the late 
 Leonard B. Crocker, and their present admirable condition, the vast extent of business transacted, and the able 
 and efficient manner in which every detail of every department is handled are most valuable testimonials of his 
 eminent fitness. 
 
 LIVE STOCK RECORD. 
 
 In addition to his duties as Superintendent, Mr. Leigh is also the promoter of an excellent newspaper. The 
 Live Stock Record, which has a fully-equipped plant in the Live Stock Exchange Building. It furnishes daily 
 market quotations, absolutely accurate, as well as the most reliable information relative to the live stock business, 
 and is circulated among all who are interested in that line. To the producer, the dealer, and consumer it is of 
 great value, and its field is a wide one. Its editor, Sidney G. Sherwood, has had a long newspaper training with 
 especial experience in the market report department. 
 
142 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 JOHN HUGHES. 
 President. East Buffalo Live Stoclc Association. (See page 14.3.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUKKAF.O. 14;^ 
 
 LIVE STOCK ASSOCIATIOX. 
 
 The East Buffalo Live Stock Association was incoroorated A mil 1 1887 7, i 
 
 dealers and it is organised for the mutual protection of its members The offiL ^'J"'"'^"' ^"= the principal 
 President, John Hughes ; Secretary, Rich'ard J. Hughel'! Tr^™. Ellnlc" H^ddleston' ""'"""" '"' '''' "' ^ 
 
 LIVE STOCK BUILDING. 
 
 ^^<:^Jv:r!'^.^t^;:^^^'^t^-^'^ ;-, ^Sri^eru s::;^^" -—-'-« "^ a bridge with 
 
 U. S. INSPECTOR. 
 
 WeTil! "'"'"* ^'''"' '"'P''""" '" '''"^' °^ "'" ''"''^" °^ =""■""' ""'"^'^y "' '»"= ^'"'^k yards is Dr. Bernhard P. 
 
 GRAIN AND FLOUR. 
 
 The importance and growth of the grain and flotir trade of the Port of Buffalo is shown hy 
 the following statement of the receipts during the years named : 
 
 GRAIN STATISTICS. 
 
 'f^y, F'°'"', bbls. Wheat, bu. Corn, bu. 
 
 }ltl 1,374,529 4,744,184 1,4.55,258 
 
 ]l^^ 1,126,048 8,465,671 9,633,277 
 
 J°°° 1,313,543 10,479,694 27,894,798 
 
 ]ll^, 807,210 19,324,612 20,939,853 
 
 i°^''' 4,582,190 41,430,440 29,155,570 
 
 J°3 10,384, 1S4 54,411,207 47,811,010 
 
 J°^' 12,440,617 56,565,610 56,932,625 
 
 1^9^ 10,371,653 83,872,837 67,9,50,073 
 
 1899 9,088,873 48,008,014 53,843 327 
 
 1900, 11,463,079 47,826.458 63,192!660 
 
 1901, 11,053,439 61,294,248 30,539,848 
 
 The receipts for 1902 were, in bushels: wheat, 62,4.52,696; corn, 22,487,454; oats. 1.5,891,387; barley, 
 8,969,865; rye, 3,716,628; flaxseed, 11,108,408; flour, 60,133,080 (12,026,616 barrels), a total of 184,' 7.59,518 
 bushels, as compared with 187,909,023 bushels in 1901. The shipments by canal in 1902 were, in bushels :' wheat, 
 
 9,530,255; corn, 951.681; oats, 2,645,183; barley, 2,394,698; rye, 660,817; flax seed, 653 765 ; a total of 
 16,836,399 bushels. There were no shipments of flour. 
 
 GRAIN ELEVATORS. 
 
 On April 1, 1903, the following elevators were in commission, the proprietors being members of the Western 
 Elevating Association, the oflicers of which are : President, G. F. Sowerby ; Vice-President, A. J. Wheeler ; .Secre- 
 tary and Treasurer, P. G. Cook : 
 
 Bushels. Bushels. 
 
 Bennett 800,000 Ontario, 450 000 
 
 Connecting Terminal, .... 950,000 Queen City A, B, and C, . . . 450000 
 
 Dakota, 1,2.50,000 Export, ' 1,000,000 
 
 Great Eastern 2,500 (H)0 Electric, 1.800,000 
 
 Evans, 400,000 Mutual 2..^)OoioOO 
 
 Exchange, 500.0011 City A 600,000 
 
 Frontier 650,000 City B, 800.000 
 
 Marine, 650,000 Coatsworth, 750 000 
 
 Erie 720,000 Union, 130 000 
 
 Niagara A 800,000 Wheeler 350,000 
 
 Niagara B 1,200,000 Wilkeson, 400,000 
 
 Besides those in the association are the following railroad or independent elevators : Buffalo Lake Shore 
 Transfer, 90,000 bushels; Husted (railroad), 200,000 bushels; International, Black Rock (railroad), 650,000 
 bushels ; Kellogg (independent, chiefly flax seed), 600,000 bushels ; National and Globe mills (independent, 
 chiefly flour), 100,000 bushels. The Niagara Mill & Elevator Company is building an elevator for the season of 
 1903 with a capacity of 50,000 bushels. The total of grain handled by the association during the year ending 
 April 1, 1903, was 118,180,496 bushels, and by other elevators, 5,604,43.3 bushels, a total of 123,784,933 bushels, 
 or about 6,000,000 bushels less than the record of the previous year, the deficiency being a result of the shortage 
 of the corn crop of 1902. 
 
144 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 
 o 
 -J. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 14.") 
 
 RICHMOND ELEVATOR. 
 
 The Richmond Elevator, situated on the Island, opposite the foot of Main .Street, which had been idle for 
 several years, was operated during the season of 1903 by Thomas Ryan, being used to care for grain to be shipped 
 by the Erie Canal. 
 
 BUFFALO ELEVATING COMPANY. 
 
 bustible materials having been utilized throughout. Its e.xterior is of galvanized corrugated iron, its floors are of 
 expanded metal and concrete, and its bins are covered with steel buckle plates. It has a capacity of 1,250,000 
 bushels. Each of its two marine legs on the south side has an elevating capacity of 15,000 bushels per hour. Cars 
 can be loaded on the north side at the rate of 16,000 bushels per hour, and delivery to canal boats can be made 
 on the west side at the rate of 12,000 bushels per hour. Wagons are loaded from side bins. The Buffalo Elevator 
 Company is composed of local business men of the highest standing in commercial circles and its affairs are conducted 
 by men of long experience in the elevating business. Edward Michael is President and [ohn M. Bedford, formerly 
 postmaster of Buffalo, is an efficient Secretary. The general management is in the most capable hands of George 
 .S. Gatchell, a civil engineer and railroad superintendent, with a thorough business experience. 
 
 STEEL ELEVATORS. 
 
 The idea of steel fire-proof grain storage buildings, or elevators, originated with Mr. F. J. Weber, the thought 
 being suggested while watching a conflagration in Toledo, in 1893, when several elevators were destroyed. He 
 devoted five years to studying the problem, and so well did he succeed that in 1898 he secured letters patent on his 
 system both in the United .States and Canada. Since then more than 100 of these elevators have been built in 
 various sections of this country, from the .Atlantic to the Pacific. Buffalo has three of the largest and finest in the 
 country, the biggest of which is known as the Great Eastern, and has a capacity of 2,500,000 bushels storage. 
 This giant elevator was completed in 1901 and attracted the attention of the Canadian Government, which was 
 contemplating building several large storage elevators at Montreal and other points in the Dominion. The Hon. 
 Israel J. Tarte, while Minister of Public Works, gave the subject his personal attention and Mr. Weber was 
 consulted as an expert, with the result that an elevator, built exclusively of steel and concrete, absolutely fire-proof 
 and second to none in the world, has been constructed in Montreal by the Steel Storage and Elevator Construction 
 Company, of which Mr. W'eber is the President and General Manager. This elevator has thirty-six cylindrical, 
 twenty interstice and twenty-two outside bins, four garners on the top floor and four scale hoppers, and a total 
 storage capacity of 1,001,708 bushels. It is absolutely germ and vermin proof. The entire plant is operated by 
 electricity, twelve motors being used. The handling capacity is from 18,000 to 20,000 bushels per hour, or about 
 four cars per hour for each leg, or sixteen cars per hour, 192 cars per day of twelve hours and 384 cars for each 
 twenty-four hours. The total receiving capacity from cars and boats during the season is estimated at 50,060,000 
 bushels. These figures indicate the immense quantity of grain that can be handled under this system. The fact 
 that Mr. Weber is the originator and chief executive officer of this representative company makes his selection as 
 the representative of this great industry necessary in a complete history of Twentieth Century Buffalo. (See 
 page 146.) 
 
 BUFFALO AS A FLOUR MILLING CENTER. 
 
 The advantages of location of Buffalo and the Niagara Frontier as a flour milling center have long been 
 recognized. This locality is not unlikely to surpass Minneapolis in the manufacture of flour. The six city 
 mills, with a daily capacity of 3,700 barrels, during 1902 turned out a total of about 600,000 barrels, but three of 
 the smaller mills, the Buffalo City, the Marine, and the Queen City, were not running. Five outside city mills, at 
 .\kron, Niagara Falls (2), Hamburg, and Tonawanda have a daily capacity of 5,200 barrels. Two new mills 
 have been erected in Buffalo during 1903, as follows : 
 
 WASHBURN-CROSBY COMPANY. 
 
 Before the close of 1903 the Washburn-Crosby Company of Minneapolis, Minn, will have completed a 
 gigantic flour mill in Ganson Street, covering an area of 150 x 100 feet, erected from designs suggested by the 
 most extended experience and fitted up with the most approved appliances known to modern flour milling con- 
 ducted on an extended scale, with a producing capacity of 8,000 barrels daily. This mammoth mill, which was 
 erected by the Barnett & Record Company of .Minneapolis, is provided with every device and appurtenance necessary 
 for the manufacture of the most perfect flour it is possible to produce. The location selected for the new mill 
 is most favorable in every respect, affording the very best and the most economical receiving and shipping 
 facilities, bv land and water. For some time the Washburn-Crosby Company has occupied and operated a 
 large storage house in Fillmore .\venue to care for its rapidly extending trade at this point. Frank F. Henry has 
 the generaf direction of the company's Buffalo business, with offices at 316 Prudential Building. 
 
14ti 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 F. J. WEBER. 
 
 President and (iiMUTal Manager. Steel Storage and Elevator Construction Company. (See page 14.5.) 
 
TWKNTIETIl CKNTL'kV liUl'KAI.O. 
 
 147 
 
 Plioto by ii.ili. 
 
 GEORGE URBAN. Jr. 
 President, Geor-e Urban Milling Company, Banker, etc. (See page 14!i. 
 
148 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 EDWARD H. WEBSTER. 
 
 Leading' representative of the Ice Business in Buftalo, firm of E. Webster. Son & Company. 
 
 (See page 14iM 
 
TWENTIETH CENTIRV HUFFAI.O. 14'J 
 
 THE GEORGE URBAN MILLING CUMl'ANV. 
 
 The new Hour mill of The George Urban Milling Company is the latest addition to that branch of the industries 
 ot iwentieth Century Buffalo. The company has just erected a five-story brick and steel building on Urban 
 -Street near the Belt Luie tracks and Genesee Street. It is fitted up with tlour milling machinery of the latest 
 type for the purpose of manufacturing the finest grades of fiour, with a large capacity. Electricity is used 
 exclusively fur motive power. The plant has an extensive storehouse in which flour is properly aged before it is 
 placed upon the market. The new mill is admirably located for receiving and shipping facilities. The incor- 
 porators of the company were G. P. Urban, E. G. S. Miller, C. K. Huntley, W. P. Cooke, and \V. K. Huntley. 
 The President is George Urban, Ji-, who has for a lifetime been associated with the flour milling interests in 
 Buffalo. William I.. Seligmann is Vice-President and Manager. 
 
 OTHER FLOURING MILLS. 
 
 The additions to those already noticed of the flour output of Twentieth Century Buffalo is contributed to l)y 
 the National and Globe Mills, the old Urban Mills, and the mills of the Banner Milling Company and Thornton & 
 Chester. Several outside mills have representatives here doing an extensive business in this territory. Buffalo's 
 importance as a flour milling point is destined to be very greatly augumented in the near future. 
 
 ICE. 
 
 There are few cities in the United States that can boast of a better water and ice supply than Twentieth Century 
 Buffalo. With an immense body of pure flowing water. Lake Erie at her very door, her residents and the visitors 
 within her gates are especially blessed in this particular. Both in the quantity of the supply and in the purity and 
 excellence of quality this city enjoys an enviable reputation. Surrounding the city, too, are a number of little 
 lakes, filled with sparkling spring water. From these lakes is gathered a very large proportion of the ice used by 
 Buffalo. The ice industry is one of the most important of the many which have combined to make Buffalo the 
 second city of the Empire State. Owing to her proximity to the great pure, ice-producing waters, her facilities for 
 gathering full harvests, and the superior quality of the supply, artificial means of producing ice are not necessary, 
 and nature can be relied on almost exclusively. A conservative estimate of the quantity of ice used in Buflfalo is 
 200,000 tons a year. Of this, about 30,000 tons is consumed in the homes for drinking and household purposes. 
 The balance is used by the railroads, steamship lines, packing and storage houses, breweries, hotels, and markets 
 and other concerns where ice is used in wholesale quantities. The harvesting of this vast tonnage of ice is done 
 during the months of January and February, and gives employment to about 1,000 men. During the remainder of 
 the year about 200 men are given constant employment in the ice houses and in the delivering of the cakes of 
 congealed coldness. In all about $200,000 a year is spent in wages alone for the handling of this necessary 
 commodity during the year. To this must be added the cost of buildings, horses and wagons, .and machinery and 
 tools used in harvesting and handling, and thus some idea of the large capital invested may be had. The bulk of 
 the ice used in Buffalo is cut on Chautauqua, Cassadaga, Silver, and Lime lakes, which are fed by myriads of clear, 
 cold springs. Lake Erie, from which is taken the water which is used in Buffalo, also supplies a considerable 
 portion of the ice crop. This is cut from a section about six miles southwest of the city, above and away from all 
 currents, and out of the reach of any sewage. Its purity and wholesomeness is beyond question. In the matter 
 of cost, Buffalo is also favored, and in no other city of her cl.ass are the prices charged more reasonable. 
 
 E. WEBSTER, SON & COMPANY. 
 
 Edward H. Webster, who has been selected to represent this most important industry of Twentieth Century 
 Buffalo, is a member of the firm of E. Webster, Son & Company, which for nearly three decades has been the 
 leading ice company of this city and through whose hands passes about one-third of the entire output. Their 
 principal source of supply is Lime Lake, Cattaraugus County, where they have immense houses capable of storing 
 60,000 tons. Thev also cut about 40,000 tons each season from lakes Erie and Chautauqua. 
 
150 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 I'huto 1)\ Hall. 
 
 LEONARD DODGE. 
 President, Buttalo Chamber of Conimercc. Manager. Frontier Grain Elevator. iSee page l.>f.l 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY HUFFALO. 1.11 
 
 INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS. 
 
 According to ,l,c Twelfth Census of the United States, taken in 1900. IlufTalo was the second in.iustrial citv in 
 the State. 
 
 Her leading industries were : Slaughtering and meat packing, wholesale ; copper smelting and refining ; 
 foundry and machine shop products ; oil, linseed ; cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam 
 railroad companies; liquors, malt; soap and candles; flouring and grist mill pro.lucts ; lumber, planing mill 
 products ; clothing, men's factory product ; iron and steel. 
 
 The number of industrial establishments were 3,902, owned by 4,280 proprietors, employing 4, 184 officials, clerks, 
 etc., and 43,422 wage earners. The capital invested was $103,939, (!,5.5 ; land, tll,(!.58,359 ; buildings' 
 .115,563,836; machinery, $3,70.5,763 ; cash and sundries, #45,(111,697 ; salaries, $3,680,491 ; wages, .■il9.91.5,817 '; 
 rent of works. #963,661 ; taxes, not including internal revenue, $416,299 ; rent of ortices, interest, etc.. *7i579.'805 \ 
 contract work, .f 599,4.S0 ; principal material, mill supply, and freights, $71,774,498 ; fuel an.l rent of power and 
 heat, $1..584,968 ; a total of $73,359,466. Value of products, $122,230,061. 
 
 In 1900, Buffalo h.id 347 more industries than in 1890, with 47 per cent, more capital invested, but employing 
 only 5 per cent, more wage earners. With the steel plant fully installed and many other important industries in 
 operation the figures which will result from the next census will show a tremendous increase in every statistical 
 item. The industries of Buffalo, enumerated in the census of 1900, having each an amount of capital exceeding 
 one million dollars invested were the following : bicycles and tricycles, $1,063,957 ; bread and other bakery 
 products, $1,946,937; carriages and wagons, $1,387,426; cars and general shop construction and repairs by 
 steam railroad companies, $1,968,332; chemicals. $1,,558,880 ; clothing, men's, custom work and repairing, 
 $1,251,0.59 ; clothing, men's, factory product, .f 1,703,661 ; flouring and grist mill products, $1,. 593,589 ; foundry 
 and machine shop products, $8,613,240 ; furniture, factory product, $2,329,4.54 ; iron and steel, $1,631,289 ; 
 leather, tanned, curried, and finished, $1,295,095; li<|uors, malt, $9,135,343; lumber, planing mill products, 
 including sash, doors, and blinds, $2.851,6.50 ; malt, $2,394,179; masonry, brick and stone, $1,067,972; oil, 
 linseed, $l,78i;,809 ; patent medicines and compounds, .$1,105,432; printing and publishing, book and job, 
 $1,517,303 ; printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals, $1,788,558 ; slaughtering and meat packing, 
 wholesale, .$4,948,216; soap and candles, $2,565,134. The next in amount, exceeding $200,000 were : boots 
 and shoes, factory product, $540,398 ; carpentering, $993,913 ; coffee and spices, roasting and grinding, $231,400 ; 
 confectionery, $459,684; food preparations, $464,700; hardware, $328,738; lime and concrete, $398,161; 
 lithographing and engraving, $881,957 ; marble and stone work, $793,568 ; painting, house, sign, etc., $269,818 ; 
 paints, $610,634 ; paving and paving materials, $830,306 ; plumbing, gas and steam fitting, $781,516 ; refrigerators, 
 $279,028; roofing and roofing materials, $322,()67 ; saddlery and harness, $426,180; ships and boat building, 
 wooden, $.574,826 ; tin-smithing, copper-smithing, and sheet-iron work, $847,838 ; tobacco, cigars, and 
 cigarettes, $420,011. 
 
 Without doubt the Census of 1910 will show •■ iron and steel " a long way in the lead of Buffalo's manufactur- 
 ing industries, with a large increase in many other branches. 
 
 THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. 
 
 On page 109 of Part One of this issue of Twentieth Century Buffalo will be found a 
 history of the Merchants' Exchange and its a.ssociate organization, the Board of Trade. Since 
 that histor)' was printed an important change in the line of progress has been made. In its 
 issue of June, 1903, Commerce, the official paper of the Exchange, said : 
 
 While a commercial organization is known more prominently b\- the character of it.s 
 deliberations upon projects and ((uestions of public importance, yet in giving expression to the 
 sentiment of the community it represents, the name is more or less associated with the class of 
 business or industry constituting its membership. When the commercial organization in Buffalo 
 was first organized, in 1844, the leading business was the handling of grain, transferring of the 
 jjroducts of the forests and mines of the \\est to the canal and railroads, and the transferring of 
 the manufactured products and of the mines of the P^ast to the vessels of the I.akes. Its mem- 
 bers, therefore, were for the most [jart men engaged in these pursuits of business. The Board 
 of Trade, therefore, properly characterized this organization, and under this name it wa.s incor- 
 porated in 1857, and continued as the leading commercial organization until 1M82, when the 
 Buffalo Merchants' Exchange was organized as its .successor. 
 
152 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 M, F, BOWEN. 
 Secretary. Manufacturer;^' Club of Buffalo. (See page 153.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTLK\- HUFFALU. 1.33 
 
 The Board of Trade and Merchants' Exchange attained a highly influential position among 
 other commercial organizations of the country, and with the Federal and State govern 
 ments by reason of its carehil deliberations upon all subjects and matters in whi. h ft became 
 nnerested. In local affairs its policy has been non-partisan, seeking to secure from ou put-^ 
 ofticials an efficient and honorable service. Buffalo has become an important cor^n erci 
 center ; in the future its development will largely be in manufacture, and at the present me 
 he city IS already feeling the impetus of the phenomenal growth of manufacture 'in the pas! 
 L' Tk ^"^ °PP05'™'f'es 'or f"t"re usefulness of this organization in the city under the 
 name of Chamber of Commerce are many. That the Chamber of Commerce may accomplish 
 tor his community even greater results than it has under the other names is evident, but the 
 result will depend upon the individual efforts of its membershij). 
 
 The change referred to took place without any formal ceremonies, after the necessary legal 
 preliminaries had been complied with. July 1, 1908. The alteration in name has been gen- 
 erally recognized as a timely one, and the work of the organization under its new name will 
 be very materially facilitated by the fiict that that name better expresses than did the former 
 one its broad scope, extended opportunities, and aggressive character. By general acceptance 
 the Chamber of Commerce has become the representative body for the commercial interests of 
 Twentieth Century Buffalo. Among the efforts the Chamber of Commerce is making in the 
 interests of the community are those for the extension of local business by means of trade 
 excursions, securing conventions, advocating desirable public improvements, including these 
 relating to harbor and river traffic and the enlargement of the Erie Canal, fostering existing 
 industries, and encouraging the establishment of new manufactories and doing honor to distin- 
 guished visitors. 
 
 The officers of the Chamber of Commerce for 1903 are : President, Leonard Dodge ; Vice-President, Horatio 
 C. narrower ; Treasurer, John H. Lascelles ; Secretary, F. Howard Mason. Trustees : Alfred Haines, John A. 
 Seymour, Jr., Philos G. Cook. Theodore S. Fassett, William A. Joyce, James H. Rodebaugh, Whitney G. Case, 
 Charles Elsworth, J. J. H. Brown, Robert R. Hefford, William T. Roberts, Henry E. Boiler. Chairman of 
 Standing Committees : Banking, Stephen M. Clement ; Coal, Eugene C. Roberts ; Canal Enlargement, George 
 Clinton ; Conventions, J. E. Stephenson ; Finance, Philos G. Cook ; Floor, John A. Seymour, Jr. ; Groceries an<i 
 Provisions, Jerome I. Prentiss; Grain. Dudley M. Irwin; Harbor and Canal, J. J. H. Brown; Industries. 
 Elgood C. Lufkin ; Inspecting and Weighing, James B. Devine ; Transportation, Maurice M. Wall ; Lumber. 
 Maurice E. Preisch ; Manufactures, Whitney G. Case ; Membership, Hnward J. Smith ; Miinicii)al Affairs, 
 Robert B. Adam ; Real Estate, Spencer S. Kingsley ; Rooms and Fixtures, James H. Rodebaugh. 
 
 j\L\NUF.\CTURERS' CLUB. 
 
 The Manufacturers' Club of Buffalo was established in l!t02 to advance the interests of the 
 manufacturers and wholesalers of the city and of the Niagara Frontier. Its stated purposes 
 are "to improve the manufacturing interests of Buffalo: to advocate and encourage any and 
 all measures that tend to benefit the business, the prosperity, or the < onvenience of the citizens 
 of Buffalo." The managetiient of the club endeavors to secure unity of thought and action 
 among its members, to foster existing industries, and to encourage new enterprises. With the 
 latter object in view, vigorous and in numerous cases successful efforts have been made to secure 
 sites and to obtain an increase of capital for firms whose operations had been hampered by 
 curtailed finances and unfavorable local conditions, and who consequently desired to locate in 
 a more desirable field. Buffalo industries are, however, given the first consideration. Local 
 concerns are through the club brought into contact with capitalists and aided in various other 
 directions. 
 
 The officers of the club for 1903 are : President, John D. Larkin ; First Vice-President, O. P. Lctchworth ; 
 Second Vice-President, A. D. Bissell ; Third Vice-President, J. G. H. Marvin ; Treasurer, U. T. Kamsdell ; 
 Secretary, M. F. Bowen. 
 
154 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 CHARLES J. McLennan. 
 
 President. .McLennan P.iint Company. I See page 1.55.1 
 
TWENTIETH CENIL KN liLKKAI.U. 
 
 INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANCE. 
 
 The chief factors which have conduced to the attainment of BulTalo's industrial imijortant c 
 and which will materially aid in securing its future favorable develoiment are (1 ) its geographical 
 location, (2) its proximity to the great waterways — the inland lakes and the Krie Canal, and (3 ) 
 the electric power developments of Niagara Falls. These elements in combination i)roduce 
 ideal conditions for manufacturing, for general commerce, and for incidental trade of all kind.s. 
 Raw material is economically available, the best kind of power is readily obtainable, and the 
 lacilities for transportation, in and out, are not surpassed by those offered by any industrial center 
 in the world. The location of the Lackawanna Company's great steel plant here, for example, 
 is not the result of a sentimental preference or of an accidental selection. Buffalo is midway 
 between, and very accessible to, the iron ore supplies on one side and the coke ovens on the 
 other ; and the very best shipping facilities for the manufactured product, both by land and 
 water, are provided. These considerations led to the establishment of the steel plant here and 
 will necessarily attract other large industries of a kindred character. That division of the 
 industries of Twentieth Century Buffalo and also those comprising metal and wood working 
 are given space elsewhere in this part of Twentieth Century Buefai.o. 
 
 STAPLE AND SPECIAL INDUSTRIES. 
 
 The followini; are .imoiig the most prominent of the Staple and Special Industries of Twentieth Century Buf- 
 falo, in addition to those already enumerated in other departments. 
 
 THE McLENNAN PAINT COMPANY, LIMITED. — Pai.nt. 
 
 Within a decade a great manufacturing business of the McLennan Paint Company has been developed into the 
 largest and most important of its kind in the world. Its successful growth has been almost entirely due to the 
 scientific knowledge, business skill, persistent energy, and general acquirements of one man. About nine years 
 ago Charles J. McLennan began to sell and mix paints on a modest scale. His sales for the first year did not 
 exceed fS.OOO. In the year 1902 the value of the output of the establishment of which he is the head exceeded 
 $1,000,000. These figures are the incontrovertible evidence of industrial success. And the limit is by no means 
 yet attained. The already extensive outfit of the McLennan Paint Ccmipany at North Buffalo has just been mate- 
 rially enlarged and new branches of the industry added. When Mr. McLennan began at East BulTalo to prepare 
 and put up paint for the market he was guided in his operations by innate Scotch prudence and shrewdness, and 
 materially aided by a theoretical and practical knowledge of analytical chemistry. He had studied pigments and 
 knew their essential qualities and commercial values. In fact, along these lines he has been for years an expert, 
 having acquired an international reputation, and his opinions as to the qualities and values of the raw products of 
 Mother Earth are now sought eagerly and his analyses are accepted as the very highest scientific authority. At the 
 North Buffalo plant mechanical skill and chemical knowledge are combined with remarkably gratifying results. 
 The raw materials mainly used are linseed oil, carbonate of lead, orange mineral, and oxide of zinc, which are 
 operated on by special methods with patented machinery and treated with chemicals and colors for tinting made 
 at the works. The paints produced are divided into two classes, the famous Onyx paints supplied to the trade for 
 house and general painting, and paints especially prepared for use on wagons and agricultural implements. 1 he 
 latter paints are furnished to the great manufacturers of wagons and agricultural im|ilements all over the world, 
 for use chiefly in the dipping tanks patented by Mr. McLennan, of which over 3,000 are now in oper.ation. The 
 amount of paint consumed in this way is truly enormous. In addition to preparing the chemicals and colors for 
 the tinting required, every possible branch of' the industry is carried on at the company's factory, which it built 
 and owns, and which has a frontage of .552 feet and includes four large buildings. It also has a large cooperage, 
 a complete laboratory, and a well-equipped printing office, from which is turned out a vast amount of " McLennan 
 paint " literature, labels, etc. Some idea of the extent of the output of the company may be gathered from the 
 fact that notwithstanding the extensive and complete machinery required and the many labor-saving devices in 
 operation, employment is given to a large force of operatives, and a little army of travelers are always on the road 
 looking after the business all over the world. In addition to supplying its own trade, the company makes paints 
 for and fills the special orders for other manufacturers. A fine four-story building, 120 feet square, has just been 
 erected to accommodate a new plant for manufacturing dry colors and some special chemicals required. Mr. 
 McLennan's dominant thought is to thoroughly control every phase of paint manufacturing on modern scientific 
 principles, so that he not only successfully competes but absolutely maintains supremacy in the trade. Associated 
 with him in the management of the affairs of the McLennan Paint Company, Limited, of which he is 1 resident, 
 are Henry Mackev, the Vice-President, who is a son of William .Mackey of Ottawa, the Canadian lumber king ; 
 W. H. Kestin, Se'cretarv and Treasurer ; and F. A. Lane, (;eneral .Superintendent ; all of whom have been long 
 identified with the enterprise and who have been, each in his individual capacity, important factors in the successful 
 conduct and remarkable development of the business. 
 
lofj 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURV BLFFALO. 
 
 JOHN RUSS. 
 Proprietor, J. F. Scliocllkoiif's Sons, leather manufacturers. (See page 157.) 
 
TWIiNTIETII CENTURY BUFFALO. 157 
 
 J. F. SCHOELLKOPF'S SONS. — Lkathkr. 
 
 An old but sturdy industrial plant of Buffalo is the factory of J. F. SchoellkopPs Sons, manufacturers of sole 
 leather, hemlock and cut soles, taps, etc., and all kinds of sole leather remnants. The office and factory are at 
 50 to 54 Hudson Street. This plant was established about twenty years ago by Louis and Alfred Schoellkopf and 
 John Russ. Louis and .\lfred Schoellkopf are both dead, but the Imsiness is still conducted by John Russ under 
 the old name. The concern has customers all over the United States and enjoys an excellent export trade. Four 
 men are employed on the road and thirty-five in the factory. There is a large stock on han<l at all times. Three 
 large floors, each 60x250 feet in extent, are occupied. It is such large and important manufacturing interests as 
 this that lie at the very foundation of ButTalo's greatness and prosperity. The products of this factory are shipped 
 all over the country as Buffalo products, and everywhere they advertise Buffalo as a manufacturing citv. The 
 proprietors of such a magnificent business and plant as the one described are aided, no doubt, in their efforts bv 
 the superior shipping facilities that exist here. However, there is no desire to detract from the credit th.-i't 
 attaches to the men themselves, for it takes character, intellect, and constant push and energy to establish and 
 maintain such a remarkable enterprise and pay good wages to a small army of factory help. \Vould that Buffalo 
 had a few more establishments of this sort at this time. John Russ, the proprietor of this business, is prominent 
 and highly esteemed throughout the city. He is a typical successful manufacturer of Buffalo, and his sterling 
 business qualities and high character and energy have stamped success upon all his efforts. 
 
 BICKFORD & FRANCIS COMPANY. —Belting. 
 
 Twentieth Century Buffalo affords a wide field for the manufacturer of oak-tanned leather belling. Prom- 
 inent among the houses that lead in this important manufacturing interest is that of Bickford & Francis 
 Belting Company, located at Nos. 53 and 55 Exchange Street, and which has a record of more than three 
 decades, as a leader in the manufacture of oak-tanned leather belting and mill supplies. This house was 
 founded in 1867 by R. H. Bickford and Fred B. Curtiss under the name of Bickford & Curtiss, at the location 
 now occupied, and has grown up and expanded with the city until now it ranks among her largest and most 
 representative firms. In 1870 the firm became Bickford, Curtiss & Deming, until 1873, when Mr. Deming 
 withdrew and the film again became Bickford li Curtiss. In 1881, Mr. Curtiss retired and Mr. W. C. 
 F'rancis assumed his interest, the firm name becoming Bickford & Francis. This continued until 1889, 
 when Mr. Francis died and in the following year Mr. Walter T. Wilson was admitted, and R. K. Bickford 
 was added. The firm then became the Bickford & Francis Belting Company, a name it still holds. 
 
 This firm manufactures all their own belting, which is strictly oak tanned and strictly the old-fashioned 
 short lap, which is conceded the best for severe service and the heaviest strain that can be given it. They 
 also deal in rubber belting, hose, packing, lace leathery, wood split pulleys, and mill supplies. 
 
 The business covers the entire United States and is principally wholesale, although a large retail trade 
 has been built up m Buffalo and vicinity. A number of traveling men are kept on the road, while ten men 
 are employed in the offices and store. The premises owned and occupied by the Bickford & Francis Bell- 
 ing Company comprise a large six-story brick structure, 35 x 100 feet on the ground, thoroughly equipped 
 with all the latest and most improved machinery and appliances. An immense and valuable stock is carried 
 in all the departments. The finest quality of material only is used, while the workmanship is of the 
 highest grade. 
 
 Mr. R. A. Bickford, the honored founder of this sterling house, is one of the most successful representa- 
 tive citizens of Twentieth Century Buffalo. His experience in the business to which he has devoted his 
 life, his energy and ability, his unquestioned integrity, and his honesty in every detail has placed his house in the 
 front ranks of the great business firms of the commercial world. 
 
 Mr. Wilson is also Secretary and Manager of the Buffalo Planing Mill Company and is closely identified 
 with the best interests of the city. Mr. R. K. Bickford is a thorough expert in the business and occupies 
 a very prominent position in commercial circles. 
 
 BUFFALO LOUNGE COMPANY. —Lounges, Etc. 
 
 It not infrequently happens in manufacturing, as in other business affairs, that the most sanguine expectations of 
 enterprising men are exceeded and that the best-laid plans for the future prove to be inadequate ; with the result 
 that no sooner is one improvement made than another of greater importance becomes necessary.^ Such has been 
 the experience of those interested in what is now known as the Buffalo Lounge Company. This business was 
 established on a modest scale on May 1, 1895, by Charles F. Benzing and Henry J. Jacobs, under the firm 
 name of Benzing & Jacobs. Three years later the concern, by reason of the success of its business, was 
 constrained to seek new quarters and enlarge its operations. For that purpose a new building was erected and 
 fitted up, being occupied Mav 1, 1898. This was at 588 to 594 Louisiana Street. So rapidly did the business 
 increase that the new building' was very soon found to be inadequate and further exp.ansion was found to be imperative. 
 The firm of Benzing & Jacobs was succeeded by the present corporation, the Buffalo Lounge Company, comprising 
 Charles F Benzing Henry ]. Jacobs, and Walter P. Trible, and a still larger building was planned. This was in 
 lanuarv 1899 In' the fall' of 1901, the new factory, which is located at 569 to 589 Exchange Street, was 
 "occupied. It is an imposing and at the same time extensive structure, fully equipped for the purpo.se of manufac- 
 turing loun-^es on a large scale. A large number of hands arc employe<l and a vast amount of material of various 
 kinds is consumed in the manufacture of the goods produced by the company, which find a ready market in a 
 largely extended territory. The members of the company are pushing liusiness men. The remarkable growth of 
 their enterprise is the best testimony to their activity and good judgment. 
 
\M 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 ^-^ 
 
 
 B2 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 0-, 
 
 B) < O O II 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUKKALO. ' 159 
 
 MANHATTAN SPIRIT COMPANY. —Wood Alcohol. 
 
 The business of the Manhattan Spirit Company is one of the most extensive and original in character conducted 
 in Iwcntieth Century Buffalo, amountmg in sales of between two and three million dollars annually, the products 
 from refined wood alcohol being acetone, formaldehyde, pure methyl alcohol, and a variety of others used in dif. 
 ferent arts and manufactures all over the world. The plant of the company, at the corner of Fourth and Pennsyl- 
 vania streets, is both very extensive and expensive to maintain. Henry J. I-ierce is ('resident of the company and 
 Edgar B. Stevens is the Secretary. '^ ' 
 
 LAUTZ BROTHERS & COMPANY. —Soap. 
 
 The product of the great soap factory of Lautz Brothers & Company makes the names of Laut^ and Buffalo 
 known in almost every hamlet in the United States. Its immense business is the steady growth of half a centurv 
 For many years the three Lautz brothers, Charles, J. Adam, and Fred C. M., were associated in the enterprise 
 The two first named are dead and the latter is principal member of the firm. (See page (!4 Part One of this 
 edition of Twentieth Century Buffalo.) Other members of the firm are Carl A. and ()tto [., sons of J. 
 .\dam Lautz. The industry is one of the largest and most important of Twentieth Century liuffalo." 
 
 SPENCER KELLOGG.— Linseed On. Works. 
 
 About sixteen years ago, Spencer Kellogg came to Buffalo with more brains and energy than capital, and began 
 the manufacture of linseed oil. With a steady increase of business, continuous enlargement of manufacturing 
 capacity and facilities became necessary. Recently additions have been made to the plant, located at Michigan and 
 Ganson streets and the Buffalo River, which makes the industry the largest and best-equipped linseed oil w'orks in 
 the world, having 138 presses with a capacity of 6,000,000 bushels of flaxseed a year, [iroducing 300,000 barrels of 
 oil and 100,000 tons of oil cake yearly. The works, which are fitted with the most scientific appliances and 
 machinery, are operated by power generated by electricity from Niagara Falls. Mr. Kellogg's business enterprise 
 has placed Buffalo as the first city in the world in this line of industry. 
 
 M. ULLMAN. — FuR-s. 
 
 This house was established in 1896, at 6ll Main Street, by Mrs. ALary Brown and Mayer Ullman, under 
 the firm name of Brown & Ullman. They did a very large retail business, which was continued until July 
 22, 1901, at No. 621 Main Street. The firm then became .\1. Ullman, and removed to No. 611 .Main Street, 
 .vhere a large wholesale business is done, the repairing of seal garments for the trade only being m.ade a 
 specialty. The trade is largely local, but extends all over New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. The firm has 
 representatives on the road covering the trade, and a competent force of skilled men and girls are emploved 
 in the store, which occupies a space 30 x III feet in area. Mr. Ullman has been in this business practically 
 all his life, and has a very wide experience. With the commercial world Mr. Ullman has a high standing 
 and enjoys the fullest confidence of all his associates. His enviable reputation for producing high-grade work, 
 using a superior quality of materials, and for the strictest integrity, is unquestioned. 
 
 W. L. LOESER. — Packi.ng Pre.sses. 
 
 W. L. Loeser, packer of rags, paper, rubber, and metals, and manufacturer of baling presses, whose place of 
 business is at Nos. 120 to 124 Church Street, is one of the best-known manufacturers in Buffalo. His fine lousiness 
 was established ten years ago, at Nos. 11 to 19 Quay Street, and he has been in his present location eight years. He 
 makes a baling press that is superior to any other on the market and which has a wide reputation and a ready 
 scale. Mr. Loeser's trade in rags, paper, rubbers, and metals is wholesale mostly in the F^ast. The bulk of his 
 business is outside of Buffalo, but he buys and sells in all parts of the country, and the baling machines made by him 
 are adopted for all purposes for which baling is done. Mr. Loeser employs thirty-five persons in his extensive 
 plant and occupies 15,000 square feet of floor space. The business has grown steadily and rapidly since it was 
 established by the present proprietor, and bids fair to exceed in volume that of any dealer in rags and metals in 
 Buffalo. No man in the business has a more favorable reputation than Mr. Loeser. His warcrooms and factory 
 comprise a veritable hive of industry, three or four dozen working people being busy about the different depart- 
 ments of the work of manufacturing baling machines and packing rags, paper, rubber, etc., for shipment to 
 different parts of the country. Mr. Loeser's institution, conducted as it is on business principles, is one of the 
 model establishments of Twentieth Century Buffalo. 
 
 THE DES MOINES CO.MP.\NY. — 1\clb.\tor.s and Brooders. 
 
 One of the most attractive exhibits at the Pan-American Exposition and one which drew the largest crowds of 
 any at the Rainbow City was that in the incubator building. 
 
 .\mong the manufacturing concerns which had a large exhibit of their incubators and brooders at the Exposition 
 was the Ues Moines Incubator Company, with factory and home office in Des Moines, la. The company was 
 incorporated in 1896, and manufacture the Successful, Eclipse, and Crescent, which are considered among the best 
 of these makes of artificial mothers. The Buffalo house was established in 1901, at No.s. 101 to 105 Erie Street, 
 but was recently removed to 93 Perry Street, and a large business has been built up, covering all the Eastern and 
 Southern States. They have a large number of machines always on hand. The factory at Des Moines is the 
 largest and best-equipped plant in the world, where all styles of machines are made at prices ranging from »10 
 and up. 
 
160 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 LACHLAN E. McKlNNON. 
 Treasurer and General Manai;or, MiKinnon Dash Company. iSee page lill. 
 
TWENTIKTIl CENTURY BUKFALO. Uil 
 
 L. E. McKINNON. — The McKinnon Dash Company. 
 
 In olden handicraft times a man who could complete a dash in a working day was considered a fairly good 
 workman. He would not cut much of a dash in these motor-driven machinery days, as he would very speedily 
 realize if he visited the new shops of the McKinnon Dash Company on .\mherst Street, at Black Rock, and 
 learned how dashes are turned out by the thousand nowadays. He would he amazed, alike at the quantity pro- 
 duced and the accuracy and rapidity with which they are completed ; and he would wonder still more where they 
 all went to. Possibly Mr. Lachlan E. McKinnon, the Treasurer and General Manager of the company, did not 
 himself anticipate anything like such a development of the industry as has taken place since he began, in 1887, to 
 manufacture in BufTalo, in one of the upper floors of a building on the corner of Seneca Street and the Terrace. 
 The company's present Buffalo plant, just rebuilt after a most destructive fire, comprises a one and two-story brick 
 building in Amherst Street. The front portion of the building is 108 feet wide, 74 feet long, and 33 feet high. 
 The rear portion is 90 feet wide, 161 feet long, and 21 !4 feet high. The building cost |40,000. Mr. McKinnon 
 has persistently and effectively followed a policy of absorption and exjjansion. Competing concerns have been 
 absorbed and the manufacturing facilities have been expanded to keep pace with the increasing demand for the 
 output of the combined factories. In 1888, the Buffalo works were removed from the Terrace to the present loca- 
 tion. In 1892, the company acquired a rival plant at Columbus, Ohio, which was enlarged and removed to Troy, 
 Ohio, and since 189.5 has been operated there. In 1898, also, a factory working at Syracuse was purchased and 
 the business recently removed to Buffalo. The business of the Cincinnati Dash Company and the Peters Dash 
 Company were acquired in 1898, and an associate enterprise is the McKinnon Dash and Metal Works at St. 
 Catharines, Ont. The company controls about ninety per cent, of the dash anil fender trade of the country. .\t 
 first thought it does not seem possible that enough of such a specialty as dashes and femiers to keep such a number 
 of large plants going can be marketed in the short space of twelve months. But when it is stated that more than 
 1,000,000 light vehicles are turned out by wholesale carriage manufacturers in the United States annually, and that 
 some individual manufacturers use 50,000 dashes a year, the proposition becomes entirely comprehensible. The 
 success of the McKinnon Company is attributable to the foresight of Mr. McKinnon in planning the business and 
 controlling the trade, to the excellence of the manufactured article, and to the cheap prices at which it has been 
 produced. These two last considerations have, of course, been all-important. In the first place, the best materials, 
 chiefly steel and leather, obtainable have been secured. Then the system of manufacture has been accurate, 
 scientific, and economical. Special machinery for sewing leather and for shaping and welding the steel frames has 
 been devised and perfected, and, above all, electricity, generated at Niagara Falls, has not only furnished the 
 motive power but also the requisite heat for the welding operations. The latter are marvelous in their rapidity 
 and effectiveness, an absolutely perfect weld being secured by an almost momentary process. This process, by the 
 way, is controlled by the McKinnon Company, another instance of aggressive sagacity. The leather used — a 
 fine grade of japanned or "patent" leather — is manufactured especially for the company and supplied by the car 
 load, the consumption being simply prodigious, about 160,000 full-sized hides being used .annually. The com- 
 pleteness and extent of the industry is a comprehensive evidence of Mr. McKinnon's enterprise and skill, and the 
 business one of the most important of the special manufactories of Twentieth Century Buffalo. Mr. McKinnon's 
 cousin. S. F. McKinnon, of Toronto, Ont., is President of the company, and its Secretary and .\ssistant Manager 
 is W. A. Notman. For the general purposes of the factory 100 horse-power of electricity are used, and for the 
 welding process 150 horse-power, a special quality of electricity being required for the latter. 
 
 SCHOELLKOPF & COMPANY. —Le.vi her. 
 
 The old-time tanneries, wherein were produced all sorts of leather, have in the march of progress given place 
 to establishments devoted solelv to some special branch of tanning and in that branch producing material that in the 
 vears gone by would have surprised even the most expert in the business. More than a quarter of a century ago 
 lacob'^F. Schoellkopf, whose name has left its impression upon the commercial history and progress of Buffalo, 
 established at Perry and Mississippi streets the plant that now bears his name, .and which has become the largest 
 and most perfect establishment of its kind in the United States. New ideas, new machinery, progress and growth 
 have caused it to be no longer -'a tannery " such as was known in the days of our fathers, but a manufactory of 
 every variety of sheep leather, comprising' full lines of beading skins in all colors, dull and glazed napas, glove, 
 mitten and bag stock, aprons and russets. In everyplace where shoes and gloves ate made, in the shoe centers 
 of Lynn Haverhill, and other large shoe towns of New England, in Chicago, Cincinnati, St. Louis .and the large 
 shoe-producing cities of the growing South, the name of Schoellkopf is known, and the product of the Biiffalo plant 
 has become a necessity to the thousand-and-one factories who without it wouhi be forced to suspend at least a 
 portion of their labors. Even across the ocean, where the dainty shoes and the daintier gloves for mademoiselle ami 
 signorita are the fashion, this giant Buffalo industry holds important place. A plant devoted to a single sijec.alty 
 that occupies an entire block of nearly four acres, with buildings si.x and eight stories high, einploymg 600 hands 
 and turning out 12,000 finished skins per day, is indeed an industry to which any city can, as the old saying goes 
 "Doint with pride." This plant means much to Twentieth Century Buffalo, being the largest in the world ; and 
 it suoDorts at least 4 000 of her citizens in comfort. In 1875, Jacob F. Schoellkopf established the business and 
 with his associates conducted it until his death in 1899. The management of the immense p ant was then taken 
 UP bv Alfred Schoellkopf and Hans Schmidt, who had long been associated with the plant and thoroughly under- 
 stood its details. In 1901, Alfred Schoellkopf died, and the business is now conducted solely by Mr Schmidt, 
 who by reason of his long association with the industry is master of its minutest details. Mr. Schmidt is a 
 business man of keen judgment and is a strong factor in the commercial world. 
 
162 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 OLIVER CABANA. JK. 
 President, Buffalo Specialty Manufacturing Company. (.See page lisi.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFKAI.O. Iti:! 
 
 BUFFALO SPECIALTY MANUFACTURING COMPANY. 
 
 The Buffalo Specialty Manufacturing Company, located at 375 to 377 Ellicott Street, manufactures very exten- 
 sively a great variety of high-grade specialties, mill and plumbing supplies, .\mong its products are " Electric " 
 belt dressing, " Buffalo " belt fasteners, the well-known " Neverleak " tire repair fluid, a lightning bread cutter, an 
 adjustable bath tub seat, leather tool handles, distance reading thermometers, crockery cement, lubricating oil and 
 greases, bicycle sundries, and a variety of other necessary articles in general use. The chief ofikers of the corpora- 
 tion are : President and Treasurer, Oliver Cabana, Jr. ; Secretary, Martin J. Cabana. 
 
 BUFFALO LIGHTING COMPANY. 
 
 .\mong the special industries of Twentieth Century Buffalo, the Buffalo Lighting Company is one of the most 
 prominent. Established in 1897, this reputable concern has grown to be a leader in the business. The house was 
 founded by Mr. Norman McMillan, at Nos. 15 and 19 Niagara Street, and has built up a trade which has grown 
 to vast proportions. 
 
 The Buffalo Lighting Company manufactures the finest quality of gas mantles and carries on a wholesale and 
 retail trade in all kinds of gas-lighting appliances and supplies. This firm has purchased in succession the Standard 
 Mantle Company, the Niagara Gas Lamp Company, the Robertson-French Electric Company, the (irover Mantle 
 Company, the White Gas Light Company, and the Buffalo Incandescent Gas Light Company. The company 
 occupies the building No. 15 Niagara Street. The original business, which has grown to immense proportions, 
 was sold for the sum of $15,000, and a stock consideration to the Diamond Light Company, a corporation organized 
 with a large capital, and the field now covered will be largely extended. The facilities of the company will be 
 greatly increased and neither money nor effort will be spared to make this house the leader in its line. The Buf- 
 falo Lighting Company employs twenty-five competent, skilled workmen, and the standard which it has always 
 upheld is the highest. The plant is to-day the most complete in Buffalo, but the intention is to make it one of the 
 finest in the United States. 
 
 JACOB Y. SHANTZ cS: SON.— Buttons. 
 
 I'rominent among the larger and most important special industrial establishments of Twentieth Century Buf- 
 falo is that of Jacob Y. Shantz cS: Son, manufacturers of fine lines of vegetable ivory buttons, at No. 442 Niagara 
 Street. This great industry, of which D. B. Shantz is President, was established on Carroll Street by J.-icob Y. 
 Shantz in 1880, but the rapidly-growing trade necessitated a removal about four years ago to larger quarters, the 
 plant consequently being located in its present home. At first the concern was known as the Buffalo Button Com- 
 pany, but later the firm name of Jacob Y. Shantz & Son was adopted. About six years ago Mr. Jacob Y. Shantz 
 retired, being succeeded by Dilman B. Shantz, the firm name being retained. They have a factory in Berlin, 
 Ontario, as well as that in this city, and are the largest makers of vegetable ivory buttons in the world, having 
 their customers in every continent. A branch office is maintained in Chicago, from which the Great West is .sup- 
 plied, the products of the factory being sent there in large quantities. They manufacture vegetable ivory buttons 
 only, but of all styles, carrying an immense stock always on hand. The Buffalo plant occupies 30,000 s.|uare feet 
 of space and more than 200 skilled hands, mostly girls, are employed. The raw material for the manufacture of 
 the buttons is imported direct from the northwestern part of South America, the only district in the world where 
 the vegetable ivory nuts are to be found. From these nuts this firm makes buttons which are conceded to be the 
 finest produced in this country or Europe. 
 
 BUFFALO EMERY WHEEL COMPANY. 
 
 It is but fitting that Twentieth Century Buffalo, the home of electricity, should hold a high reputation as the 
 city where the finest high-grade, high-quality, emery and corundum wheels, the creation of the electric power, are 
 manufactured. The Buffalo emery and corundum wheels are famous all over the country, in fact, all over the 
 world, and are used in nearly every city on the western hemisphere where machinery is used. The manufacturers 
 of these standard goods, the Buffalo Emery Wheel Company, has a world-wide reputation for the high-grade 
 
 — • ' ' wheels for all purposes, 
 
 iic^nuii. Only the highe^L-^iu-vi^, uim-v-nai .^ «o^v^, "..-. — t- — _ , • , - . , 
 
 The wheels are open and porous, and therefore do not gum or glaze over. They contain no imperfec ions and 
 therefore always run true. The machines are made of the best material and guaranteed to be made well in every 
 part. Their sharpeners are the most practical, useful, sensible, and economical \Vheels are made of any shape 
 ordered or to any desired bevel. The business was established at Nos. 16 and 18 Lock Street by Michael Reisch a 
 number of years ago. Through his energy, business ability, and honorable dealings the trade has grown to 
 immense proportions until to-day they have agents all over the world. The factory is large and commodious, 
 occupying 50 X 75 feet on the ground, and contains the most modern machinery requisite m a plant ol this 
 character A large number of skilled mechanics are given constant employment. Special and experimental 
 work is solicited and guaranteed. The company had a large exhibit at the Pan-American Exposition and «on 
 deserved award for excellence. Mr. Reisch is a progressive, successful business man, a na ive of the great Empire 
 State, and enjoys the confidence and esteem of all who know him in either the commercial or social world. 
 
104 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 VICTOR R. BLEHDON. 
 
 Manufacturer of Cptiolstering Tow, Curled Hair, and Glue. Grand Receiver iTreasurer) .\ncient 
 Order United Workmen. (See page K Part One and page 105 Part Two.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFEALO. 
 VRTOR R. BLEHDOX.-Upholstekinc. Tow, Curi.kd Haik, and Gi.uk. 
 
 falo and Medina alone use over a hundred carloads a year, and not less than 3,000 carloads are used in various 
 .a,ts of the Lnited States. The material is shipped direct from the mills, but all shipping, hilling, and financial 
 tiansactions go through the Buffalo office of Mr. Blehdon. Four salesmen are most of the Time on the road. Mr. 
 Blehdon IS also connected with Delany \- Co., one of the largest manufacturers of curled hair and glue, at Phila- 
 delphia. Pa., and m th.s Ime enjoys the trade and confidence of the largest bedding and upholstering houses as 
 
 "'?on''noo •""?, "'■ ''"'' "■''■"^'^ companies. These transactions combined result in a business exceeding 
 ■yoOO.OOO annually. ^ 
 
 Mr. Blehdon is, and for eleven years past has been, the custodian of the funds of the Ancient Order United 
 Uorkmen in this State, paying out as Grand Receiver (Treasurer) to widows, orphans, and other beneficiaries of 
 deceased members of the order over $2,000,000 annually. 
 
 UNITED STATES HEADLIGHT COMPANY. 
 
 One of the most important special industries of Twentieth Century Buffalo, one whose field is the world, and 
 which IS doing a genuine missionary business in carrying out the biblical command, "Let there be light," is the 
 United States Headlight Company, whose vast works are located at Nos. 39 and 41 I'erry Street. Wherever rail- 
 roads have been built the products of this company are in use, and wherever American locomotives and electric 
 cars are to be found the oil and electric headlights manufactured by the United States Headlight Company are 
 regarded as the standard of excellence. The company was established in Ulica, and incorporated in 189-1, with a 
 capital of f300,000, with stockholders all over the United States. In Fulv, 1898, the plant was removed to Buf- 
 falo. Its officers are : John Kirby, Jr., President ; Ward Willets, Vice-President : and H. T. Teal, Secretary and 
 Tieasurer. The factory occupies more than 30,000 square feet of floor space, and more than a hundred skilled 
 workmen are employed. The company makes locomotive and street railroad headlights, both oil and electric, and 
 their products are sent to Europe and to coiintries as remote as Africa, India, China, Japan, and to all points in 
 the United States, Canada, Mexico, and the Latin American republics. The business is done through regular 
 selling agents, who have connections all over the civilized globe. 
 
 The L'nited States Headlight Company plant is the largest of its kind in the world. The management is both 
 enterprising and conservative, and the growth of the company's business has been continuous and healthy since its 
 beginning. 
 
 C. C. PENFOLD. 
 
 The wearing of badges and medals as tokens of loyalty has grown in popularity until, at the present day, the 
 man or woman who does not wear a badge, or a more or less costly jeweled emblem worn on the breast, or a pendant 
 from necklace or watch chain, or in the form of jeweled insignia ring, is the exception, not the rule. The field is 
 a broad one and rich in opportunities for artistic designing. The acknowledged leader in this work, not only in 
 Twentieth Century Buffalo and Western New York but throughout the entire country, is Charles C. Penfold, 
 whose reputation as a manufacturing jeweler and designer and maker of artistic diamond jewelry and jewels, 
 badges, and decorations is widespread and merited. Mr. Penfold possesses an artistic training and experience, 
 and belongs to an artistic family. His father was famous as a portrait painter, and two brothers, Frank C, and 
 W^illiam Penfold, Jr., have achieved high reputation for meritorious work. The former is a painter of world-wide 
 reputation ; the latter one of the best-known art decorators in this country. Three sisters are also well known in 
 art circles. Mr. Penfold's artistic talents have been mainly exercised in the designing an<l making of jewelry and 
 badge work. Among the most notable of his productions are a handsome bronze medallion of former President 
 Cleveland and a bronze medallion of the late Philip Becker, made in 1891, VN'hich was duplicated in large quanti- 
 ties, and these are highly prized by their owners. Mr. Penfold has also executed a large quantity of repousse work 
 in gold, silver, and brass, which ranks among the finest specimens of high art. At the Paris Exposition, Mr. 
 Penfold furnished the New York State Commission with 8,000 pieces of gold, silver, and bronze, which were given 
 prominent place in the New York State's exhibit and which gave him a world-wide reputation. -At the Pan-American 
 Exposition, Mr. Penfold supplied the police department with the handsome badges, buttons, and belt-plates, the 
 badges for the United States guards and attaches of the Post-Office Department, and the artistic gold badges worn 
 by the Exposition officials and commissioners, both local and foreign, and members of the Press Bureau. He also 
 supplied the elegant medals used by the Women's Auxiliary at the World's Fair at Chicago, .and was the only firm 
 in the East selected for this work. ' He designs and models his patterns in wax and they are all works of the high- 
 est art. .\s an expert in precious stones, Mr. Penfold is an expert in the arrangement of emblematic designs and 
 jewels for clubs, societies, and fraternal organizations, and insignia rings set with diamonds and precious stones. 
 He owns many patents on methods of manufacture and design. His facilities and appliances are such that he is 
 able to fill any order, no matter how difficult or technical in its character, and in any quantities, from one to a 
 million. 
 
 Mr. Penfold began business as a manufacturing jeweler, in 1879, on Swan Street, between Main and Washington 
 streets, where he remained about six years. He removed to larger quarters at No. 304 Main Street, where he 
 conducted a large store and salesroom for more than nine years. • The manufacturing branch grew to such vast 
 proportions that he decided to confine himself entirely to the evolving of the designs which have made him 
 famous. He established offices and warerooms at No. 3G6 Main Street. Early in l;W2, Mr. Penfold removed to 
 
16G 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 EDWARD A. EISELE. 
 King & Eisele; Manutacturing Jewelers and Diamond Importers. (See page l(>7.i 
 
TWKNTIKTII CKNTUKY UUl'KAl.O. 167 
 
 still move desirable quarters in the Law Exchange, No. 52 Niagara Street, which he has fitted U]i very completely 
 for the work. A force of skilled workmen is employed, and by usinjj the highest quality of material, anil 
 promptly filling orders at the most reasonable prices, the success which has attended the business has been made 
 possible. 
 
 Mr. Penfold gained an enviable reputation in military circles during his eight years of active service in the 
 New York State National Guard. At the fair held in the old .Vrmory, he won a full horse equipment, having 
 been voted its most popular officer in the brigade. Mr. Penfold enlisted as a private in Company P,, 74th 
 Regiment, in August, 1875, and was one of the team of five marksmen who won the prize over Company D in 
 that year. In 1876, he was made second sergeant and was captain of the team which won the State prize at Bay 
 \'iew. On April 23, 1876, he was appointed Regimental Inspector of Rille Practice, a position he held until 
 1883, when he retired from active service, his business demanding his closest allention. In 1877, he commanded 
 a detail of twenty crack marksmen chosen to act in the riots at llornellsville. In 1878, he was Inspector of 
 Rifle Practice for the separate companies at Warsaw and Uatavia, and through his excellent management the 
 regiment won second place in the Stale National Guard. Mr. Penfold (pialitied as marksman eight times, winning 
 the veteran marksman's badge, one of the only two issued to the regiment. In 188lt, he headed the list of qualified 
 marksmen of the State. In 1875, he established his claim for the Lafiin-Kand badge, and in 1877 he won the 
 championship short range badge, offered by the Bay View Rille Range .-Yssocialion. In 1882, he won the Brock- 
 Weiner gold badge. Mr. Penfold is also an hfuiorary member of the \'eteran \'olunteer Firemen's .Association. 
 
 It was through the efforts of Mr. Penfold that an act prohibiting the sale "f jewelry by auction in the City of 
 Buffalo was passed by the State Legislature, approved by the governor, and became a law, April 27, 1895. 
 
 He is also an enthusiastic breeder of Belgian hare and has done much to bring this fascinating pursuit to a high 
 grade of perfection. He has won prizes in Philadelphia, Boston, and other cities, and at the Pan-American Expo- 
 sition was awarded two gold medals fur color and type of specimens exhibited. He has won twenty-two prizes for 
 excellence in the breeding of hare, in the shape of gold and silver cups and medals. 
 
 Mr. Penfold was married, November 11, 1891, to Grace Beecher Silliman, daughter of James R. Silliman, for- 
 merly of this city. They have one son, Charles C. Penfold, Jr., who was born December 23, 1892. 
 
 KING & EISliLE. — M/\NUK.AcruRiNG Jewelers, Etc. 
 
 In tlie manufacture of jewelry, Buffalo has for a number of years been known to the trade .as "a ring town," 
 that is to say, a specialty had been made here in the manufacture of rings, as it produces and puts on the market 
 more solid gold rings than any other city in the country west of New York. The pioneers in this line in Buffalo 
 are King & Eisele, whose great business was organized in 1870, since which time they have always been in the very 
 front rank, not only as manufacturers of rings but as wholesale jewelers and jobbers. They employ in their factory 
 over 120 expert jewelry artizans, and have seven traveling salesmen on the road, in adilition to their direct trade 
 with leading jewelers all over the country. They have a very extensive jobbing trade and deal largely in watches, 
 being distributing agents for all the leading American-made watches. They are very large importers of diamonds 
 and other precious stones. They are wholesalers, on a large scale, of optical goods and have a very extended 
 trade as a supply house for jewelers. Their business represents more concentrated value than that of any other 
 house in Twentieth Centurv Buffalo. They occupy a well-arranged four-story buil.ling on the corner of North 
 Division and Washington streets. The factory on the fourth floor is thoroughly equi|)ped to meet all the require- 
 ments of their manufacturing business. The showrooms and offices on the secoml lloor are large, well lighteil, 
 and especially adapted for the display of the various lines handled by the firm, which includes clocks, silver plate, 
 and the splendid cut-glass goods produced bv the Niagara Cut Glass Company, of which company, Edward A. 
 Eisele who is general manager of the entire business of King & Eisele, is the President. King & Eisele have for 
 many 'years been prominently known as designers and manufacturers of badges and jewelry for secret societies, fra- 
 ternities and educational institutions. Thev either manufacture or supply everything required for the busiiiess ot 
 a jeweler or optician. It is upon such great establishments as that of King & Eisele that the reputation of Twen- 
 tieth Century Buffalo as an industrial and commercial center depends. 
 
 Edward A Eisele, upon whom has devolved the general management of this important establishment is one 
 of the foremost representatives of the younger element among the business men of Twentieth Century Buffalo. 
 He is progressive and energetic in business and takes an .active interest in all rational movements for the better- 
 ment' of the community. In every sense he is a good citizen, proud of the city m wliicli he lives and jealous of the 
 good name of all her meritorious institutions. 
 
 BUFFALO REGALI.\ COMPANY. 
 
 Preeminently the leading firm in its line, which includes badges, society and lodge p.irapher..alia. Hags and 
 banners between Chicago and New York, is the Buffalo Regalia Company, of which Mrs. Clara Herrmenau and 
 h'r on,' Mr Leonard nirmenau, are the 'owners. Twenty-three years ago this -P-.^;";;';' "^'^yj^rdrflu of^'he 
 in Buffalo and in a short time by superior workmanship and thorough acquaintance with tlie minutest detail of the 
 usiness they great yexteded the tirade, and to-day ifhas no boundary lines, the firm having customers a 1 over 
 he United States While a specialtv is made of lodge and society work to order, a large business is also done in 
 the Lnited btates. spe y ^^ ^ i.^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^ company has earned a high reputation for the 
 
 .=>-.? 1 _■_„:. f ...^:«1 f.i IflQI th.> ^'nmnnnv made an 
 
liis 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
TWENTIKTH CENTlkV BUFFALO. IHil 
 
 SIRRET & SVENSSON. — Manufacturixc Jewki.ers. 
 
 A new and prosperous industry is that which has been established by Messrs. Sirret & Svensson, practical 
 watchmakers and jewelers, in room 1 and 2, at No. 116 Franklin Street, corner of Niagara Street. This sterling 
 firm was established in November, 1901, by W. R Sirret and S. B. Svensson, in the present locaticm. They make 
 repairing watches and jewelry a specialty, and so rapid has been the growth of the business that a factory has been 
 equipped where fine jewelry is manufactured. The trade extends all over the city and throughout the country, 
 reaching into Pennsylvania and Ohio. The most of the business is done with the trade, although some individual 
 work is done. .\ large force of skilled and artistic workmen are employed, and two experienced traveling sales- 
 men are kept constantly on the road. Both members of the firm are w'idely experienced in their line of business 
 and thoroughly versed in every detail. They give to every department of their trade their personal attention and 
 careful supervision, and the high standard which is evident in all their work is due to this care and 
 attention. Superiority in workmanship, excellence of quality, reasonable prices, and promptness in filling orders 
 are characteristics of this firm and their dealings. The firm makes a specialty of caring for clocks in private 
 residences by the month or year. In the commercial world both Messrs. Sirret and Svensson are popular, wide- 
 awake, up to date, practical, and public spirited. They enjoy the highest confidence of the public in mercantile 
 circles. 
 
 THE COURIER COMPANY. — Prinhxc;, I.ithour.^phinc, Encraving. 
 
 The name '* Courier" has been very prominently associated with the printing and newspaper publishing 
 business of Buffalo for more than half a century. Fifty years ago the Buffalo Courier building on the East side of 
 Main Street, between Exchange and Seneca streets, was the home of the newspaper of that name and of the 
 "Great Central .Show Printing Establishment." The Courier Company's great building and vast plant is now con- 
 ducted at the same place, but the newspaper is located elsewhere and under another projjrietorship. The print- 
 ing business established in 1849 has developed into "the largest show printing house in the world," and in 
 addition to its enormous printing business in the theatrical, circus, exposition, and sporting lines the Courier 
 Company of Twentieth Century Buffalo is fully equipped in every branch of designing, engraving, book binding, 
 and job printing, while its lithographing department is one of the most extensive and complete in the country. The 
 company also does a very large wholesale paper business, and for many years has published the I5ulTalo City 
 Directory. It has over 300 employes on its pay roll. The management of this great concern is in the hands of 
 the President of the comp.iny, George Bleistein, assisted by the Secretary, John A. Rudolf, and a large corps of 
 experienced department superintendents. 
 
 R. E. pollock company. — Printing Inks. 
 
 In the vast army of those who contribute to the "Art Preservative" none are more of a necessity than he who 
 makes the inks by which the art is perpetuated. The excellence of a book or magazine, the appearance of a news- 
 paper, the value of any volume, no matter how much pains is taken with its makeup, depends to a very large 
 degree on the character of the ink used in its printing. For this reason the manufacturer who combines quality of 
 material with excellence of manufacture is the one who controls the business and who gets the cream of the trade. 
 The R. E. Pollock Printing Ink Company is one of the few companies which "fill the bill" in all particulars and, 
 as a consequence, has secured a very large and very gratifying patronage. 
 
 The companv manufactures the finest grades ot printing inks, varnishes, dryers, gloss, paste, etc., in the factory 
 located in a handsome building covering Nos. 30 to 36 Lansing Street. Mr. R. E. Pollock is the President of the 
 company and Mr. F. A. Bradlev the City Agent. This company was founded early in 1901 and employs a corps 
 of men thoroughly versed in all' that pertains to the proper making of the goods which have such a demand from 
 the trade. The factory and storerooms occupy three floors, each 50 x 116 feet in size. Two traveling salesmen 
 represent the house on the road, covering all of Western New Yoik, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, in which States a 
 very large trade is done. The reputation of the inks made bv this company is an enviable one and the fact that a 
 job is done with their products is a guaranty of its excellence. .Mr. K. E. Pollock, the President, was for many 
 years connected with the Buffalo Printing Ink Works and is thoroughly versed in every branch of the business. 
 He is a practical business man and enjoys the fullest confidence of all his associates. He is progressiv'e, aggres- 
 sive, energetic, and honorable in all his dealings with his fellow men. Mr. Bradley, ihe City Agent, is thoroughly 
 experienced in every branch of the business, a fact that makes him invaluable in his line of duty. 
 
 LOUIS SMILER.— Ti)i;.4ccos and Snuff. 
 
 The successful dealer in tobaccos must be experienced and practical. A leader in this line, one who has 
 established an enviable reputation for excellence, and who enjoys the fullest confidence of the community for 
 honorable and fair dealing, is Louis Smiler, whose store and factory, located at No. 375 Elk Street rank among 
 the most important industries of that section of Twentieth Century Buffalo. Mr. Sn.i er established himself m the 
 present location about fixe years ago, when he succeeded Matt Wagner. His trade is both wholesale and retai. and 
 he handles the leading and most popular brands of cigars an.i tobaccos and a complete line of smokers .articles o 
 every description. He also sells a large quantity of the choicest brands of snulT. Mr. Smiler's store is 2.-, x 30 feet 
 in area, and is well stocked and fitted with every convenience for the comfort of his palrons and the transaction o 
 his extensive business. He makes several standard brands of cigars, which have a large sale, not only throughout 
 the city but the surrounding country. 
 
170 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 CHARLES ROHLFS. 
 
 Originator of Artistic Furniture. (See page 171.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURV BUFFALO. 
 
 171 
 
 CHARLES ROHLFS. 
 
 Combining artistic taste with an acute sense of meritorious spectacular effect in a considerable degree, the 
 result of an extended dramatic experience, Charles Kohlfs has established an industry in Twentieth Century 
 Buffalo that is as absolutely unique in character as it is important in scope. His artistic mind and his executive 
 ability have for a number of years been directed mainly to the creation of the beautiful in furniture. He is, in 
 fact, the originator of the present active art movement applied to house furniture. How successful have been the 
 achievements of his hands and brain may be judged by the numerous specimens of his handicraft to be found in 
 nianv of the most luxurious homes of the country. Last year an exhibit of his productions made at the Turin 
 Exposition of Modern Decorative .^rt elicited from Italian royalty especial notice and the highest commendation. 
 He is distinctly an originator, scorning any suspicion of imitation. His seeming reproduction of antique ideas in 
 furniture are in reality the apjilication of modern thought to the development of ancient ideals, and the result 
 is that his creations have a distinctive value and attractiveness, without any suggestion of oddity or crude 
 formality. He takes a justifiable pride in the novelty of his designs and the perfection of their execution. 
 His efforts are not confined entirely to high-art furniture. He is also "a cunning worker in metals," and has 
 produced many effective results in brass, copper, and iron work. He has devised a chafing dish and other 
 articles for useful and ornamental purposes that are eagerly sought for by those who appreciate the best efforts 
 of applied art in this direction. Mr. Kohlfs is, perhaps, more famous in his line of work abroad than at home. 
 His studio and workshops are located at No. 200 Terrace. 
 
 1 1 1 1' 
 
 f y !■ It 
 
 WORKS OF I in i i;IC.\N BUFF.^LO ROBE CO.MP.^NV. 
 
 AMERICAN BUFFALO ROBE COMPANY. 
 
 One of the most novel and altogether most successful of the speci.al '"^^'"l''''!,l^:^"^\'^ ^^^^ 
 is that conducted by the American Buffalo Robe Con,pany, w,th offices and ^f ° 7 J' ^"^^ J '"^1.^^ old and 
 The organi^ation of this important establishment is due to the energy and enterpuse °f I;°" ^ '«^'' =>", "^^„l^^ 
 resnected citizen of Buffalo and a worthy representative of the progressive spirit o Twentieth Centur> Uutia o. 
 TTfactory has beenin operation for ten years with gratifying results. The output includes carriage n.bes, coats 
 ineiaciory nas oee l;" . , One of the most important and extensively manufactured specialties of tl^e 
 
 attained are exceedingly satisfactory to all interested. 
 
172 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 LOUIS S. KURTZMANN. 
 President of C. Kurtzmann & Co.. Piano Manufacturers. (See page 17;^ 1 
 
TWENTIETH CKNTURV HUKKALO. 173 
 
 JUENGLING'S WORKS. —Paper Boxes. 
 
 ass 
 
 Juengling's Paper Box Works, at Nos. 198 ami 200 Terrace, is one of the b^si-known institutions of its cl;„, 
 in Buffalo and of all the numerous and important establishments of that busy, bustling quarter of the city The 
 house was established in 1878 as the Buffalo Paper Box Company. In 1881, the company named was succeeded 
 by E. Juengling, but the present firm name was not adopted until a later date. The plant is of ample dimensions 
 and every facility is present for manufacturing its products under the most economical conditions, and the works 
 are fully equipped with all machinery necessary for the business, which is of the most modern anil approved char- 
 acter. The firm maintains a good-sired staff of competent help. A specialty is made of order work and custom- 
 ers of the Juengling Paper Box Works arc to be found all over Western New York and Pennsylvania, as well .is in 
 other localities adjacent to such territory. The firm deals in straw and news board, and the transactions in its 
 various branches of its business are of considerable magnitude. 
 
 QUEEN CITY COMP.\NY. — .\riificiai. Limbs. 
 
 Among the peculiar industries in which Twentieth Century Buffalo ranks high in the commercial world is that 
 of the manufacture of artificial limbs. The supplementing of Nature through artificial means h.as grown to be a 
 high art, and the victim of accident can now take his place among his more fortunate brethren without being made 
 the object of uncalled-for sympathy or misplaced curiosity. The empty sleeve and the crude wooden leg has given 
 way to the delicately and artistically constructed arm, or leg, and to the casual observer the difference is scarcely 
 appreciable, .\mong these benefactors to the human race there is none who occupy a higher place than the Queen 
 City .Artificial Limb Company, located at Niagara and Pearl streets and Nn. 18 West Eagle Street, and of which 
 Chester B. Winn is the proprietor. This standard house was established in 1!)00 at No. 33 West Seneca Street, 
 where a large business was established. In December, 1901, so extensive had become the ilemands for the goods 
 manufactured that a removal to larger quarters became necessary, and the more commodious stores at the present 
 location were secured. Here more than 1,000 square feet of floor space are devoted to the business ami a large 
 force of skilled workmen are employed in the work of manufacturing these helps for the unfortunate. Honest 
 work at reasonable prices is the motto of this house, and the fact that to. day their products are sold all over the 
 United States is a guaranty that the rule has been continually lived up to. The latest and most improved 
 machinery is used in the manufacture of the limbs made by this company, and nothing but the very best quality of 
 material is allowed to go into every article sent out. Chester B. Winn, the sole proprietor, has had a life-long 
 experience in this business, and has been connected with the leading manufacturers in this country. Me gives his 
 personal supervision to the work and every article made by his house is thoroughly tested before it is placed in the 
 hands of the buyer. The Queen City -Artificial Limb Company not only supplies missing limbs but also manufac- 
 tures elastic stockings, abdominal supporters, and crutches. Their work is of the best and not excelled by any 
 other makes. A specialty is also made of trusses, which are fitted by expert operators. Ladies need feel no 
 embarrassment in calling on the Queen City Artificial Limb Company, as separate rooms, elegantly fitted up, are 
 provided and a corps of skilled women assistants are employed to attend to their requirements. 
 
 C. KURTZM.\.\.\ cS: COMPANY. — Pianos. 
 
 More than half a century of experience, allied to energy and associated with business enterprise, have been the 
 chief elements in the remarkable success achieved by the piano manufacturing establishment now operated by C. 
 Kurtzmann & Company, and with which the name of Kurtzmann has always been associated. The original Kurtzmann 
 began to construct pianos in 1818. One piano completed in a week was then considered a splendid record. Seven 
 or eight pianos a day now is only an indifferent turnout. In those early days Christian Kurtzmann and one or two 
 helpers did all the work, but to-day several hundred skilled mechanics are kept busy, supplementing, directing, 
 and finishing the output of a large plant of intricate and accurate machinery. 
 
 The excellence of this output is evidenced by the continued growth of the business. The Kurtzmann pianos are 
 being shipped not simply by the car load but positively by the train load. What a surprise this would be to the 
 original Kurtzmann ! .\nd' what changes and marvelous improvements he would behold if he could return to earth 
 and visit the big Kurtzmann factory on the corner of Niagara and Pennsylvania streets. Even a well-posted, up-to- 
 date Twentieth Century Buffalonia'n would be astonished at the extent of the work done there. He would marvel 
 at the dexterity of the'artizans, the speed and accuracy of the machinery, the skillfulness of the various manipula- 
 tions, the variety of materials utilized, and the perfection of the system throughout. It is certainly one of Buffalo's 
 most important and most remarkable industrial institutions. - <, i- 
 
 The conduct of all departments of the business is most appropriately apportioned. Louis S. Kurtzmann, an 
 expert piano maker, is President of the company and has supervision of the mechanical operations ; Irvmg E. 
 Devereux the Vice-President, brings a long experience in that line to the management of the wholesale depart- 
 ment • the general control of the factory and office is in the hands of the Secretary, Jacob Hackenheimcr ; and the 
 financial affairs are supervised bv its competent Treasurer, George H. Moessingcr. With these four important 
 positions so adequately filled it is not a matter of surprise that the affairs of the company continually make favor- 
 able progress. But the operations of the company are so extensive that this excellent quartette of business men 
 are kept continually on the alert to meet the large and ever-expanding demands of the trade. In addition to the 
 big factory, well-stacked and handsomely-appointed retail warerooms of the company are maintained at 69b Main 
 Street, and outside of the city the merits of the Kurtzmann pianos are being exploited by over 200 dealers and 
 special representatives. 
 
174 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 R. A. BROWN. 
 
 President, Buffalo Cigar Company, (?ee page IT.i.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTIKV lUKFAEO. 175 
 
 A. F. MKYER. — Bar Fixtlres. 
 
 ■ ,^°^ the past eighteen years Mr. A. F. Meyer has been the leading outfitter for hotel and saloon l.ars, not only 
 in Buffalo but throughout W estern New York and Pennsylvania, and there is hardly a saloon or hotel of any 
 importance in the section named but has been fitted and furnished bv Mr. Meyer. In adilition to carrying a full 
 line of bar textures, including cold-water beer coolers, Mr. Meyer is the sole selling agent of the famous Cham- 
 pion I'unip, made by the Cleveland Faucet Company, of Cleveland, Ohio, and also handles the same firm's hydraulic 
 air compressors, beer preserving pumps, faucets, etc. He gives employment to a large force of men and has two 
 men constantly on the road. At his office and salesroom. No. 408 Broadway, Mr. Meyer has a fine line of bar 
 fixtures and pumps, and a pleasant greeting and careful attention awaits all who may call that way. No man in 
 Buffalo IS more favorably known in this section than A. V. Meyer, and certainly none are more popular. Genial 
 and wholesouled, he makes friends wherever he goes, and his strict business integrity and reliable dealings make 
 his customors once his customers always. The Cleveland Faucet Company made an excellent selection in plac- 
 ing the sale of their Champion Pump in the hands of so reliable and popular a business man as Mr. Meyer. 
 
 BUFFALO CIGAR COMPANY. 
 
 " Brownie's Perfecto " is one of the famous institutions of Twentieth Century Buffalo. It is a cigar which is 
 smoked by all lovers of a fine article, and there is no better-known house in this section than the Buflalo Cigar 
 Company, which makes this and other equally popular brands, nor no man better known in his line of business 
 than its President, R. A. Brown, whose good-natured countenance beams from the thousands of boxes which are 
 to be seen in every store where tobacco is sold. The company was incorporated in 1895 and established at Nos. 
 47 and 49 Exchange Street, \vith R. A. Brown, President, and C. E. Siegesmund, Treasurer and Secretary. The 
 company started with ample capital, and under the able management of Mr. Brown soon built up an immense 
 business, which covers all of New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, and is growing rapidly. The company, while 
 it makes a specialty of the " Brownie's Perfecto," also makes fifteen other brands, and have added to this a full 
 line of clear Havana goods, which have no superior in the market and which have met with popular favor. The 
 company keeps five men on the road all the time and employs thirty-five skilled workmen in the factory. 
 
 The business is located in a handsome and commodious building, fineh- appointed ami fitted up with every 
 convenience for the accommodation of the workmen. The latest and most improved methods are used. All the 
 goods are Union made. 
 
 BUFFALO CANDY COMPANY. 
 
 In the line of confectionery. Twentieth Century Buffalo occupies a very high place, both in the extent of prod- 
 uct and the purity of the goods turned out. None occupy a more prominent position than the Buffalo Candy 
 Company. Though enjoying a business life of less than ten years this company has forged to the very front rank 
 in their lines of manufacture. The business gives employment to about 1.50 persons, the large majority of whom 
 are skilled confectioners, hence the word "Purity" on all the goods turned out is no idle boast, but an absolute 
 guaranty. The business of the firm extends beyond what is known as the trade territory of Buffalo, and such is 
 the excellence of the goods turned out, that the traveling men of the firm are extending the territory day by day. 
 The individual members of the firm are Michael Hausauer and George M. Hausauer ; both are natives of Buffalo 
 and prominent and respected citizens. 
 
 The business premises of the firm, at 79 to 81 Ellicott Street, are spacious and well equipped. The six floors 
 are each furnished with the latest labor-saving devices and every care is taken to have every article manufactured 
 of absolute purity. 
 
 BUFFALO PIE BAKERY. 
 
 Pie making is, beyond question, a staple industry in any American community. Who docs not remember the 
 pies "that mother used to make"? But the days of mother's pies are practically p.ist, and to-day the practical, 
 professional baker has the modern mothers discounted, because of his superior facilities. It is his business to 
 know where the best materials for the standard pies are to be gathered, and gets them, and, in addition, he saves 
 the modern housewife the heat and worry, the care and time, which her mother gave to the work. Prominent 
 among the great pie-making firms of the country is that of Gaylord & Company, operating the Buffalo Pie Bakery, 
 at Nos. 309 and 311 Rhode Island Street. The business of the company is wholesale and devoted exclusively to 
 the manufacture of pies and mincemeat. The Buffalo Pie Bakery was established some nineteen years ago at the 
 present location, and for a number of years the baking of fine cakes was a specialty. So large, however, became 
 the trade in pies and mince-meat that they decided to confine themselves to their present lines. Their tmde 
 extends all over Western Ne\v York and a part of Pennsylvania and Ohio. They occupy two floors of a handsome 
 building, 25x80 feet in area, and employ about twenty-five skilled hands, operating ten wagons in the delivery 
 department. They bake the choicest quality of pics in all varieties and manufacture the finest grade of mince-meat. 
 S. M. Gaylord is the sole proprietor, and to his energy and practical business methods the trade which his bakery 
 now enjoys is very largely due. He is progressive and aggressive, of the highest integrity, and greatly esteemed in 
 the community. 
 
176 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 WADSWORTIl J. ZITTEL. 
 
 Firm of Scluibacker & Zittel. Candy Manufacturers. Formerly County Treasurer. 
 
 (See page 1T7.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUbKALO. 177 
 
 BURT tS: SINUELE. — Manufaliukinc; Confeciioners. 
 
 One of the most progressive industrial institutions of Twentieth Century Buffalo is that of Burt & SinHcIc who 
 occupy premises of large dimensions at No. 113 Seneca Street, where thev manufacture confectionery on a very 
 extensive scale. Since the business was estaiilished in 1891 it has grown to very large proportions and 'its products 
 are now sold in every city, town, and hamlet in the United States. The firm comprises Alfred II. Burt and Joseph 
 J. Sindele. A special reference to Mr. Burt's connection with the Buffalo Credit Men's Association will lie found 
 on page 111 of F'art One of this issue of Twentieth Century BtiKi-Ai.o. 
 
 SCHABACKER & ZITTEL. —Candy MANUFACTfRERs. 
 
 This new firm of candy manufacturers is composed of two business men of Iohr experience in the business, 
 Peter H. Schabacker was formerly with H. A. Menker & Co. and Wadsworth J. Zitlel was one of the partners 
 in the Buffalo Candy Company. He also served with great credit for a term in the important position of County 
 Treasurer. The establishment of Schabacker & Zittel, which is well eipiipijcd in every department, is located at 
 106 Seneca Street. 
 
 GEORGE WERNER & SONS. 
 
 Prominent among the builders of fashionable carriages who have contributed materially to the reputation of 
 Buffalo as a manufacturing center is George Werner & Sons, who not only build but design vehicles that arc un- 
 equaled in the market. A specialty is the Werner Speed Wagon, which is a popular favorite and is sold all over 
 the United States and Canada. The firm is composed of George Werner, who founded the house in 1863, and his two 
 sons, Carl C. and George W. Werner. They make the highest class of superior grade carriages of every descrip- 
 tion. They also do repairing of all kinds. The factory, at 1133, 1135, and 1137 Main Street, occupies a hand- 
 some building of four floors, each 50 x 200 feet in size. The first floor is occupied by the stock and salesrooms, 
 which are fitted with the handsomest specimens of the carriage makers' art. The other floors are occupied as fac- 
 tory and shops. These are fitted with the latest improved and most modern machinery and appliances, and a large 
 force of skilled workmen and artisans are employed. The members of the firm are widely experienced and repre- 
 sentative business men, practical and up to date. 
 
 THE GERHARD LANG BREWERY. 
 
 The first brewery in Buffalo was operated by Baer, in 1827, who made a few barrels a week. Twenty Century 
 Buffalo has about a score of big brew'eries in active operation. The largest and most elaborately equipped of these 
 is that founded by Gerhard Lang, in 1875. The plant now occupies the entire block bounded by Jefferson, Best, 
 Berlin, and Dodge streets. It is as perfect in every department as science, money, and enterprise can produce. It 
 is the largest brewery in the State outside of New York City, having an annual capacity of 300,000 barrels. .Ml 
 of the malting is done on the premises, only the highest grade of selected Canadian barley being used, the aim 
 being to produce an absolutely pure and wholesome beverage. Since 1892 the business has been under the 
 successful management of Edwin G. S. Miller, a son-in-law of the late Gerhard Lang, whose son Jacob G. has 
 been for several years associated with Mr. Miller. The latter has remarkable business tact, which, combined with 
 long experience, peculiarly fits him for the direction of the affairs of so great an enterprise. Jacob G. Lang is a 
 worthy and valuable business associate, having graduated in 1894 from Dr. Wyatt's School of Technical Brewing 
 of New York City, and also had an opportunity to inspect the most prominent breweries at home and abroad. 
 Mr. Miller is identified with a number of the important financial and industrial institutions of Twentieth Century 
 Buffalo. "Lang's Brewery" is well and most favorably known, not only along the Niagara Frontier but also 
 throughout the surrounding territory of Western New Y'ork, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Canada. 
 
 GERMAN-AMERICAN BREWIMi CO.MPANY. — Beer. 
 
 Buffalo is a great producing center in many lines and one of its most important products is lager beer, which is 
 made in large quantities in many breweries and of exceptionally good qualities in several of them. The German- 
 American Brewing Company is the leading company in this business, its brewery being at Main and High streets. 
 Carl Strangmann is the President and Manager. The business was established in 1885 and the company incorporated 
 under the laws of New \"ork State. The present fine buildings were erected in 1896. They cover one and one- 
 half acres of land and the brewery is the most complete and up-to-date in the city. The products of the plant are 
 sold throughout the city and in all towns surrounding Buffalo and for a long distance around. The same company 
 are proprietors of the Gambrinus Brewery and the German-American Hall and Cafe at Main and High streets. 
 There are few adults in the country who are ignorant of the merits of good lager beer. The impuriiies with which 
 the best and purest drinking water, obtained from ordinary sources, is fraught are all removed in the piocess of 
 making beer, and the fluid produced is as clear as the finest crystal. Grateful to the palate, refreshing, invigorating, 
 but not intoxicating, such beverage as is made by the German-American Brewing Company is abundantly good 
 enough for the best beer-drinker on earth. Beer is conducive to sobriety, and if beer was eliminated there would 
 certainly be an enormous increase in drunkenness. Mr. Strangmann, the President and Manager of the German- 
 American Brewing Company, is one of the most popular of Buffalo citizens, and one of the most subst.antial of her 
 business men. No man in the community is of higher standing. His associates in the company are also among 
 Buffalo's foremost citizens. 
 
178 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 I'hoto by Jansen. 
 
 DR. THEODORE G. LEWIS. 
 President, Buffalo Dental Company. (See page 179.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 179 
 
 BUFFALO DENTAL MANUFACTURING COMPANY. 
 
 None of the special industries of Twentieth Century Buffalo exceeds in v.iriety or extent thai of the BufTalo 
 Dental Manufacturing Company. This establishment, mainly because of the patience, persistency, scientific 
 acquirements, and mechanical skill of its controling spirit. Dr.' Theodore G. Lewis, has developed to marvelous 
 proportions. Its numerous productions, a list of which hlls half a dozen technical catalogues, include not only 
 almost every conceivable article, implement, and apparatus required in modern dentistry, but also a large %-ariety of 
 mechanical devices, such as laboratory utensils and appliances, brazing stands, blow pipes, tool forges, fool blowers, 
 gas burners, and other very necessary appurtenances of the workshop or tool room. For the manufacture of the 
 various arti-les produced by the company the utmost forethought and care, the most effective and accurate 
 machinery, the perfection of mechanical skill, and the most favorable operating conditions are reijuired, all of 
 which are provided in the new factory, first occupied in May, 1903, which was built and arranged umlcr Dr. 
 Lewis' careful supervision, on the coiner of Kehr and Urban streets. In the various factory operations re<|uiring 
 heat, light, and power, the electric current generated at Niagara Fall is utilized. The officers of the company are : 
 President, Dr. Theodore G. Lewis; Secretary, Charles U. Rother ; Treasurer, William Gram, Jr. The city depot 
 and showrooms of the company are at 587 and .589 Main Street. 
 
 C. A. FREES. — Buffalo Artificiai. Limh Company. 
 
 For many years the industry now conducted by C. A. Frees of New \'ork, successor to the Buffalo Artificial 
 Limb Company, has been recognized as a standard institution among the special manufactories of the city. The 
 unfortunates who have been afflicted with bodily deformities or the loss of a limb have been cared for at this insti- 
 tution with a skill which could only result from a long experience. The Buffalo Artificial Limb Company deserv- 
 edly attained a high reputation in the manufacture of artificiai legs and arms, all kinds of deformity appliances 
 and artificial limb supplies, and this reputation is not likely to suffer now that the business has p.assed into the 
 hands of a manufacturer of the long experience acquired by Mr. Frees. His Buffalo works, at No. 9 West Eagle 
 .Street, are equipped with every requirement for obtaining the most desirable results and he employs skilled work- 
 men especially trained in the business. Hygienic and scientific principles are applied to the manufacture of all 
 the products of Mr. Frees's establishment. 
 
 WHOLESALERS, JOBBERS, AND SUPPLY HOUSES. 
 
 Twentieth Century Btiftalo is rapidly becoming the busines.s headquarters of extensive 
 whole-sajers, jobbers, and supjjly houses. This important branch of trade is rapidly increa-sing, 
 the advantages offered by Buffalo as an advantageous distributing point being accorded more 
 generous recognition than in the past. The following are some of the concerns especially 
 worthy of recognition : 
 
 RANDOLPH McNUTT.— School Furniture, Etc. 
 
 One of the most important business enterprises of Twentieth Century Buffalo is that conducted at Nos. 45 and 47 
 Swan Street by Rand.ilph .McNutt, who is one of that estimable class of citizens which, by modest methods, con. 
 tinually aims to advance the interests of the community without seeking notoriety. Mr McNutt has operated his 
 business in Buffalo for more than twentv years. He supplies school furniture, church furmlure, and opera house 
 seating, handling more than three-fourths of the goods in his line sold in New \ ork State west ami north of 
 Poughkeepsie. He has branch offices in Syracuse and Albany. The volume of business transacted by Mr. McNutt 
 is very large. 
 
 RACE cS: KINSLEY. —Wholesale Grocers. 
 
 One of the largest and most progressive wholesale g^cen^houses^in^Buf^o^isjl^ 
 Dusin 
 busin 
 ally ' 
 all V 
 
 haviiiii customers ail uvci mis sci-ik'h .... n,^ ^-«...._7, ^...^.^_. .--^ „ „i ,^.,, on nfu\ d.t-iri. 
 
 men in their stores, and utilizing several delivery wagons in their loc..l trade Th^- occupy ( ""' 20iOO»^^^.l^,^J^ 
 feet of floor space, and are adequately equipped and firmly appointed. Both Mr. Race =^" ' )'^- J^" '^ "5" 
 of extended business experience with the requisite qualities embodying the progressive .pint of T«cnt.eth Century 
 Buffalo. 
 
180 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 HOWARD H. BAKER. 
 
 Senior partner. Howard H. Baker & Co. Formerly Postmaster of Buffalo. (See page 181.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 181 
 
 HOWARD H. BAKER & COMPANY. —Ship Chandlers, Etc. 
 
 The time-honored business conducted by Howard H. Baker & Company, sliip chandlers and dealers in awnings, 
 tents, flags, etc., at Nos. 18 to 26 Terrace, was estal)lished over seventy years ago by \V. S. Waters, when the 
 business of Buffalo was transacted below Exchange Street. It changed hands a number of times until 1876, when 
 the firm name became Vosburgh & Baker, the partners being William II. Vosburgh and Howard H. Baker. .Mr. 
 Vosburgh died in 1882, after which Mr. Thomas Warren became a partner with Mr. Baker .and the present title 
 was adopted. Howard H. Baker, Jr., also became a member of the firm, which is a leader in the ship chandlery 
 business, special attention being given to that branch ; but a full line is also carried of heavy hardware, awnings, 
 tents, sails, flags, and, in fact, every conceivable article for the fitting, equipment, or decoration of a ship. Both a 
 wholesale and a retail trade is conducted. Horse covers, wagon concerns, etc., are among the useful articles this 
 firm furnishes ; and canopies, floor coverings, and decorations for weddings, receptions, etc., are supplied on short 
 notice. Howard H. Baker, the head of the firm, because of his well-known business ability, his unquestioned 
 integrity, and his high standmg in the community, was appointed postmaster by President Cleveland during his 
 second term. In this important public position Mr. Baker made an excellent record, in instituting reforms and 
 making numerous improvements in the service. Notwithstanding, a very marked increase in the business of the 
 Buffalo post-office during his term and the conse(iuent increasing inconvenience to the different departments due to 
 the cramped and narrow quarters of the old federal building, Mr. Baker was able to turn over the office to his 
 successor with every detail in excellent working condition. No man stands higher in the community in the esteem of 
 his fellow-citizens than Howard H. Baker, and the firm of which he is the head occupies equally as exalted a 
 position in the business circles. The large, well-stocked store on the Terrace is one of the best lighted establish- 
 ments in Buffalo, and the old landmark looks calmly out to the northward upon growing Buffalo and proclaims that 
 the business which has lasted three-quarters of a century is still young. 
 
 F. C. HOWLETT & COMPANY. —Rubber Goods. 
 
 One of the houses which has contributed much towards the growth and prosperity of Twentieth Century Buffalo is 
 that of F. C. Hou'lett cS: Company, wholesale dealers in rubber goods, at No. 45 Pearl Street. This house was 
 established in 1896 by Frank C. Hewlett of Syracuse, N. V., at Nos. 94 and 96 Pearl Street. The firm is selling 
 agent for the Woonsocket Rubber Company, and the American Rubber Company's boots and shoes, and handles 
 the famous Iroquois brand of rubber goods, clothing, and mackintoshes. Their trade is an immense one and 
 covers, aside from Buffalo, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan. They have a large 
 force employed in the store and salesroom and keep thirteen men constantly on the ro-id. In 1902, F. C. Howlett 
 & Company' removed to their present location at No. 4.'j Pearl Street, where seven floors, comprising about 28,000 
 square feet of floor surface, are occupied. The store is among the most commodious and handsomely fitted of 
 any in the city and have every convenience for business. The salesrooms and showrooms are spacious, well- 
 appointed, and filled with one of the largest stocks of rubber goods and clothing in the city. 
 
 THE DIAMOND RUBBER COMPANY. —Carri.\ge and Motor Tires. 
 
 Among the important factors in the solution of the rapid transit problem, where comfort and speed are the 
 essentials, the pneumatic tire for vehicles is most prominent ; and, among the houses which have profited by this 
 new condition is that of the Diamond Rubber Company, whose headquarters, factories, and offices are located at 
 Akron, Ohio. This company manufactures the finest grade of solid cushion and pneumatic carriage and motor 
 tires, and their goods are used in every country where the new machines for transportation are used. The Buffalo 
 branch of this standard firm is located at No. 41 Court Street, and is in charge of N. K. Oliver, who has estab- 
 lished a large industry in Buffalo. A wholesale and retail business is conducted which extends into a large terri- 
 tory surrounding the city. He carries a large line of tire cushions, solid and pneumatic, and of the finest quality 
 of material. The house employs two traveling men and a large force of skilled men are kept constantly on hand 
 filling the orders, which come in from the solicitors as well as through the mail. Mr. Oliver is an experienced 
 man in this business and stands high in the commercial world. 
 
 HARTFORD RUBBER WORKS COMPANY. — Rubber '1'ires, Etc. 
 
 Recognizing the wisdom of the saying of King Solomon, that "A good name is rather to be chosen than great 
 riches " the Hartford Rubber Works Company determined to establish a reputation by making their goods the best ever 
 placed on the market. As a result, the '• Hartford " Brand is recognized the world over as the standard for all that 
 is best The •• Hartford " tires, made bv this company, maintain this reputation, and machines that arc_ equipped 
 with them, be thev bicycles, autos, or carriages, hold rank as superior to all others. The " Hartford tires are 
 the original, successful,' vehicle tire and their quality and durability retain old customers and make new ones. 
 Thev mark the vehicle as correct, high-class, and good form. The Hartford Rubber \\ orks Company s factory is 
 locaied in Hartford, Conn., while branch houses are located in Boston, New \ ork, Philadelphia, Atlanta Ga., 
 Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, Minneapolis, Denver, and San ^ranc.sco The BulTalo branch which was 
 established early in 1897, Mr. James How manager, at Nos. 22 24 and 26 West Chippewa Street, does a arge 
 wholesale business, supplying the trade throughout Western New York, having three men => y)^,,"" ''''r) ntoo 
 They handle both the pneumatic and solid tires for carriages, cycles and autos. They also sell the D inlop 
 Detachable Tire, which has a large sale and a world-wide reputation The Buffalo house is f ,° ^f '"g ^S-'^ ^r 
 the New York Belting and Packing Company, Limited, and carry a full line of mechanical rubber goods. They 
 
182 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 ROBERT LODER. 
 Treasurer and Manager. Buffalo Mill Supply Company. (See page 183.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 183 
 
 are also agents for the Jewell Beltint; Company of llartf<ir(i, Conn., an<\ have a large Iratlc in leather belting. 
 of the heavy lines carried is that of rubber sundries of all descriptions, of which a large and unusually fine sti 
 
 One 
 
 iptions, of which a large and unusually fine stock is 
 always kept. The company occupy a tine store, or rather a combin.ilion of three stores, covering OO x 8() feet in 
 size, filled to repletion with the finest quality of goods. To the consumer, the Hartford goods are moncy-savcrs : 
 to the owners of machines or carriages, the Hartford Tires are a constant source of satisfaction ; to the rider, they 
 are a cause for happiness. The wise man buys no other. They arc silent as shadows, smooth as sunbeams, and 
 their tracks are traceable along the whole pathway of civilization. 
 
 FISK RUBBER COMPANY. — Rrmu-R Goods. 
 
 Among the important manufacturing concerns who have realized the importance of Huffalo as a commercial 
 center and have established here an important branch is the Fisk Rubber Company, of Chicopee Fnlls, Mass. 
 The Buffalo branch, which is located at No. 28 West ("icncsee Street, is under the management of Mr. C. F. (lilmour, 
 and embraces a trade territory covering Western New York, Kastern Ohio, and the .State of rennsylvania. .\ 
 force of men are employed in the city and three representatives are kept constantly on the road. While a full 
 line of rubber goods is handled, the concern makes a specially of rubber tires for vehicles, from the smallest bicycle 
 to the gigantic tire for the largest automobile. The volume of business transacted by the firm is immense, as they 
 have branches in all the principal cities of the country, the BulTalo branch being among the largest contributors 
 owing to the advantageous location of Buffalo and the expert man<tgemeiit of Mr. (lilmour, who has done much to 
 advance the interests of the company in this section. Thoroughly posted in this line of commercial activity, at 
 all times energetic yet conservative, Mr. (iilmotir has made the name of his company known and respected all 
 through this section and no more popular man can be found in Buffalo. With a trade rapidly on the increase, 
 with the confidence of the public who recognize the superiority of the goods made and handled l>y the firm, with 
 a manager who has won the esteem of his business IcUows, it is not strange that the Fisk Rubber Company have 
 secured a full share of the trade in this important line and are counted among the leading factors in the progress of 
 Twentieth Century Buffalo. 
 
 BUFFALO MILL SUPPLY COMPANY. 
 
 The Buffalo Mill Supply Company, incorporated in 1898, does an extensive business in the line indicated by 
 its title. The company carries a large and well assorted stock of a great variety of goods nee<led for various 
 manufacturing purposes, including belting, hose, packing, and rubber goods. They furnish the rei-iuireinents of 1 
 large number of customers in many lines of industry, and conduct one of the most progressive mercantile establish- 
 ments of Twenty Century Buffalo. The premises occupied, 240 Main Street, extending through to 9 West Seneca 
 Street, are very advantageously located and are filled with a very large stock at all times. The officers of the 
 company are : President, William B. Miller ; Vice-President, Walter B. Hardy ; Secretary, Andrew H. Noah. 
 The Treasurer and Manager, upon whom a very large share of the business direction of the company devolves, is 
 Robert Loder. 
 
 HENRY J. \V.\LZ. — Bakkrs .\ni> Confectioners' Siimm.if.s. 
 
 Among the interests worthy of special mention in the history of Twentieth Century Buffalo none is more 
 worthv of notice than the factory of Henry J. Walz, located at the corner of Oak and Huron streets, from which 
 come the supplies for nearlv all the bakers and confectioners of the city. This business was est.ab ished in 18J7 
 by Henry J Walz at No. 155 East Genesee Street and at No. 326 Elm Street. Later on a removal was made to 
 its present location, where an immense business has been built up. All kinds of specl.^ltles used by bakers, 
 confectioners, and others are sold to the tra.le direct. Mr. Waltz not only manufactures a large line of these 
 supplies but is a large importer and iobber in whole and ground spices. His establishment covers about 000 
 square feet of floor space and a large "force of skilled workmen and office men are employed The local trade is 
 very large and a very extensive outside trade is supplied. Two men are kept constantly on the road, and four city 
 salesmen cover that territory. Mr. Walz is prominent in the commercial circles .and has established a hne reputa- 
 tion for honorable dealings, for handling a high quality of materials, and prompt filling of orders. In social circles, 
 Mr. Walz is much esteemed and he deservedly enjoys an enviable popularity. 
 
 S. T- KRULL. — Bre\vf;rs and Maltsters' Supplies. 
 
 Among the varied business enterprises which have materially contributed to the fame "'Jy''"'l^^J^"'"'y 
 Buffalo is that of S. T- Krull, whose brewers and maltsters' supply house is located at N... 446 Genesee Street 
 he e a spacious stori, 30 x 75 feet in size, is completely stocked with all description of supplies, staple and 
 echnical^ The busmess was established eleven years ago at No. 534 Genesee Street, but was later removed to the 
 present location Mr Krull was for a number of years identified with Donald Ba.n in this business and has had a 
 'w de e perience: H^tndles maltsters and brewe'rs' supplies of all kinds both wholesale '^"^'^^;^:^"'\^'^ 
 verv many of the principal breweries, maltsters, and bottlers in \\ estern New \ ork =>";' ^ V' ''•y' ,*" f ■,, ' h\s\rs 
 a very large stock of corks, bungs, mallets, faucets, scoops, isinglass, rosin, '" J^'^'' ^^^"j;'^'"« "f,',, ^ '^^^^ 
 of trade Mr Krull is a progressive, practical business man, wide-awake and successful. He han.lks only the 
 Sestgra" of material and'crnnot'be excelled in either quality or price. He is pubUc-spirited and always alive 
 to anything that will prove a benefit to the city. 
 
184 
 
 TWENriKTH CENTURV BLFFALO. 
 
 WILLIAM H. HOWE. 
 
 Resident partner, Hobbs & Howe. (See page ISS.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 185 
 
 HUBBS & HOWE. — Paper. 
 
 The year 1903 marked a new era in the local history of the firm of Ilubbs & Howe, inasmuch as the business, 
 which was established in Buffalo six years ago, was removed to a new and spacious building, erected for the 
 purpose, at 182-18i Ellicott Street. This is a BulTalo branch of the firm of Ilubbs & Howe, wholesale paper 
 dealers and printers of New York City. They arc manufacturers and special agents for wrapping paper, wrappers, 
 and paper baffs. having branches also at Baltimore, Toledo, and Toronto, and large mills and printing equipment 
 at Delaware Water Gap, Pa. From the ButTalo otTice a large city trade and also with the surrounding territory is 
 supplied. The development of the business here has been most gratifying to the firm and has been due in no small 
 measure to the energy and capacity of the resident partner, William H. Howe, Buffalo manager and Secretary and 
 Treasurer of the firm. 
 
 G. E. MORE. — Importer of H.ats, Furs, Etc. 
 
 For twenty-seven years George E. More has been an importing hatter and urrier in Buffalo, and durmg that 
 period has conducted a large and prosperous trade witli "those who want the best." His extensive and well- 
 assorted stock, which includes Christy's London hats, "Miller" and Heath's English hats, is augmented by the 
 very best makes of American headwear. Men and women's hats .are displayed in the most exclusive, stylish, and 
 special shapes and makes, to be found nowhere else between New \'ork and Chicago, and in many instances styles 
 are displayed that can rarely be found even in those great cities. In the line of furs, Mr. More's establishment 
 probably outranks any other in the East. His seal and other fine fur garments are all made from selected skins in 
 the latest style, and his mark upon the collar of a garment is an evidence of its superiority. All his seal skins arc 
 strictly London dyed and none but the best have a place in his store. The store, which runs through to Wash- 
 ington Street, is located at No. 327 Main Street, opposite Shelton Square, in the heart of the business center. 
 Courteous and competent assistants are at all times ready to display a stock which is certainly not equaled in 
 quality and quantity in this section. In connection with his retail business, Mr. More operates a large establish- 
 ment for the manufacture of fur garments and robes, giving employment to some twenty-five skilled hands of 
 extended experience in the careful matching of fine furs. Mr. More, who is one of the best type of Englishmen 
 refined by American associations, settled in Buffalo in 1870, having then just attained his majority, coming from 
 Bungay, Suffolk, England. He is in direct line of descent from the noted poetess Hannah More. During his 
 long residence in Buffalo he has acquired the high esteem of his fellow citizens, both in a business and social way. 
 He has always been active in promoting the best interests of the city. 
 
 OTTO WEBER. —Fine Fur Oarments. 
 
 Buflfalo has a snug winter climate and is a good place for furs. A leading house in the manufacture and 
 importation of fine fur garments is Otto Weber, who succeeded E. Haertel & Company, at No. 604 Main Street, four 
 vears ago. For three years previous he was a member of the firm. He is a manufacturer and importer and retail 
 dealer in furs, and he also has a large repairing business. His customers are principally in the city, but Mr. Weber 
 has them in all the surrounding towns, and in large places like Niagara Falls and Lockport he has many of them. 
 He employs fifteen persons in his large business and occupies a well-ordered and well-stocked store, 20 x 80 feet in size. 
 Mr. Weber's establishment is entitled to be ranked among the important mercantile-manufacturing concerns in 
 the city. When Mr. \Veber succeeded to the business he was completely proficient in every department. He 
 understands every detail of the fur business. The people of Buffalo and vicinity, therefore, can safely trust their 
 fur garments, however valuable, to his care, and thev can also safely trust him as their merchant and manufacturer 
 in all transactions, as he is a business man of unquestioned integrity. The trade of Mr. Weber, already large, is 
 growing, for his customers are pleased with his goods and his prices, while the repairing of fine and costly fur 
 garments is done in the most skillful and perfect manner possible. 
 
 N. J. THOMPSON &: COMP.^NY. — H.vr Makers. 
 
 Inder the management of S. T- Met7ger. the branch house in Buffalo of N. J. Thompson & Company of 
 Elmira, manufacturers of superior hats, is at 76 Pearl Street. Mr. Metzger is a native of Buffalo and traveled for 
 the Thompson Company before becoming manager here. He is in every way competent. The hat manutacturing 
 house of N. J. Thompson & Company was established in 1870 and the sale of its goods has steadily increased, 
 until now the house has five men on the road. The N. J. Thompson & Company is putting on the "jafket he 
 best and most stylish goods and is doing a very large and continually increasing business. The -^"""i*" J^ f "'l '", 
 a very popular specialty of the Thompson factory. Under Mr. Melzger's able management the Buffalo branch of 
 the company is exceedingly prosperous. 
 
 JULIUS W. GEORGER. — Hats, Caps, Etc. 
 
 In the commercial history of Twentieth Century Buffalo there is no name more prominent '''f" '>;»' "f^*-^^^^^^^^^ 
 and no house that has higher rank in its particular line than that of Julms ^^^ if'^^^K^' "'•"'^^^'j^'l U Geo 1" 
 dealer in hats, caps, strat goods, umbrellas, gloves, and hammocks at No 102 Pear ^''f-J''^"%^^^^l''-"^^^f 
 was a membe of the firm of Georger & Company, established in 1845, on Main Street near Mohawk Street, one of 
 
186 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 WILLIAM F. KASTING. 
 Wholesale Florist. Nominated for County Treasurer, Ui03. (See page 189.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 187 
 
 the oldest hat and fur conceins in Buffalo, of which his father was llie senior memlier. Soon after the death of the 
 latter, in 1892, Julius \V. Georger went into business for himself, at No. 102 I'earl Street, where he has built up a 
 strictly wholesale and jobbing business of vast proportions, which reaches not only all over Buffalo but extends 
 throughout the entire western part of the State and into Pennsylvania and Ohio. In addition to the handsome and 
 commodious store, which occupies four lloors, each 2.5 x 75 feel, .\Ir. (leorger operates a large factory where caps 
 are made exclusively, and where fifteen experienced hands are employeil. Three men are kept on the ro.ail and a 
 large trade is also done through mail orders. The office is finely appointed and fitted with every convenience for 
 the transaction of business, while the salesrooms are filled with a large and varied stock of the goods handleil. 
 The rule of this establishment is first quality in material, high-gr.ade workmanship, latest and most modern styles, 
 and reasonable prices. A strict adherence to this rule, coupled with invariable honorable dealings, is responsible 
 for the large business which has been created. In the commercial world none stands higher in the confidence of 
 his associates than Mr. Georger, and his reputation as a successful business man is an enviable one. In social and 
 fraternal circles he has a host of friends. 
 
 GIBSON c^ SOX. — Whoies.ai.f. Orocf.ks, Ivic. 
 
 One of Buffalo's young wholesale establishments that is bound to impress its existence strongly upon the business 
 community is that of I'libson & Son, wholesale dealers in teas, coffees, and fancy groceries, and jobbers of fine 
 cigars. Their place of business was originally at No. 48 West F.agle Street, but owing to the rapidly increasing 
 trade larger and more commodious quarters were secured at No. 169 Scott Street, where three floors and basement, 
 covering about 5,000 square feet of floor space, are occupied and slocked with the most complete line of fancy and 
 staple groceries, fine teas and coffees, and high grade cigars and tobaccos. The firm is composed of .-\. D. M. 
 Gibson and F. R. Gibson. The business was established January 1, 1901, the trade being confined at first to 
 dealing in cigars and tobacco at wholesale and retail. Early in 1902, a stock of groceries was added. The trade 
 in groceries is at wholesale only, no goods being sold at retail. Gibson & Son have a large out-of-town trade and 
 their business is so prosperous and promising that they employ two men on the road. The business of the firm is 
 principally in Buffalo and surrounding towns, although it is gradually extending. Both members of ihe firm are 
 well acquainted with the requirements of the business. A. D. M. Gibson formerly occupied an important position 
 with the widely-known wholesale groceiy house of Miller, Greiner & Company, but when that firm retired from 
 business he promptly entered another field for the exercise of his energies and his special commercial knowledge. 
 The firm uf Gibson & Son is attaining a large volume of business and an increasing number of friends and customers 
 in the channels of trade. 
 
 D. L. H.\MILL. — Plumbers' Supplies. 
 
 A manufacturer who has bv ability and the merit of his products added materially to the fame of Buffalo is 
 II. L. Hamill, manufacturer and jobber of plumbers' supplies, located at Nos. 60 and 62 Delaware Avenue, and 9< 
 to 109 West Eagle Street. This business was originallv established by Mr. Hamill in the Star Theater building, 
 but increased patronage demanded more space, and for the past four years he has been in his present ample quarters. 
 He employs two men on the road and has a large trade throughout Western New York, and in portions of 
 Pennsylvania and Ohio. The factory where his goods are made is in Albany. Mr. Hamill has no particular 
 specialty, but carries a full line of plumbers' supplies. His stock is as complete and varied as can be found 
 anywhere. He confines himself entirely to the jobbing trade, simply selling plumbers their supplies Seven persons 
 are employed in his store. With an established trade of such important proportions as that of Mr. Hamill, aii.l 
 with his excellent business qualities and reputation, the future is full of promise for his continued success. 1 he 
 existence of mercantile or jobbing houses of a like high character is a distinct benefit to Buffalo, whose commercial 
 greatness is due to the existence of such concerns. Dealers and plumbers who are looking for plumbers supplies 
 should make the acquaintance of Mr. Hamill before closing a contract elsewhere. 
 
 J. F. AD.AMS. — Photogr.aphic Supplies. 
 
 Probably no line of human enterprise is more indicative of twentieth century advancement than 'h^' P!'°'°g"Pjl'^ 
 supply business. The strides that have been made in photography are ^'^'"='^!<='';IV""'' V^'h'^tLs o n^'^'.^e^^^ 
 photographic profession in the use of the camera and the subseqtient manipulation of the P'»'^^' °^ "••K^'j^^^; 
 are sinuilv marvelous The leading photographic supply house of Buffalo is conducted by J F Adams, successor 
 o B ttT:^ Adamt, and centrally loc^te'd at ^.^459 Washington Street. This -;^f''i^';7-V:uselTn tL'ciw Inv.t 
 house in us line, being provided with every modern facility. It is, too, one of the oldest houses '" '^c ut> haMn|^ 
 been established in Mo by S. B. Butts. ' In 1892, Mr J. F Adams --.-'-'»-' '"P^J'^^.f;;'^^^ 
 succeeded Mr. Butts. There is absolutely nothing which can be thought of in the Ph^'^'-^^Ph'C'''^'' »'-"'' 
 
 succeeded Mr Butts There is abso ute v nothing whicn can tie inougru oi ui u.c p ...-j,..,....- -■ 
 
 : led n Mr Adlms' very comprehensiy-e and high-grade stock. An especially fine line °^ '^er- and came.a 
 arressories are handled here and they are well worth inspection, too. Ami, furthermore, when one purchases an 
 
 ic e hrlon'e knc:i:1t is mst what ifis represented to bl for .he high -.'"-''- °,;''-^';--- '^^l, fhou r o 
 that of every prosperous concern must be- on the solid principles o fair and <""°"'' ^ '^f ''"^S- .J.^, evervthtng 
 
 transacted. 
 
188 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 HENRY P. WERNER. 
 Vice-President and .Manager, Meadville, Fa.. Distilling Co. (See page ISS.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 189 
 
 WILLIAM F. KASTING.— Wholesale Florist. 
 
 Touching, as it does, the noblest and finest sentiments, the art of the florist is one that appeals strongly to the 
 lovers of the beautiful in nature. The love of the fragrant, richly hued, delicate flowers is not confined to any 
 class in the community. In our modern civilization flowers have become a necessity to the rich and poor alike. 
 Especially prominent in this fascinating business is th.at of William F. Kasting, wholesale dealer in florists' supplies, 
 cut flowers, etc., located at No. 481 Washington Street. This business was established in 1891 by D. B. Long, and 
 for five years was operated by him, a very large trade being built up, extending not only throughout the city but 
 into a very large territory throughout the entire State and surrounding country. In 1896, Mr. Kasling succeeded 
 to Mr. Long, and under his able and efficient management this house has been built up to very gratifying propor- 
 tions, more than doubling its former trade, and to-day it ranks first in its special line of industry in this city. The 
 store occupied by Mr. Kasting, at No. 481 Washington Street, is well-appointed and commodious, 25x115 feet in area, 
 with a large basement for storing flowers. The business is strictly wholesale and all of ihe principal retail dealers 
 are supplied. In the store a large corps of experienced hands are employed and an extensive and well-assorted 
 supply of the choicest flowers is kept constantly on hand. In florists' supplies a large stock is also kept and every- 
 thing m that line that can be called for can be supplied at quick notice. Mr. K.asting is a German-American 
 citizen. He is closely identified with all the interests tending to the advancement of Twentieth Century Buflfalo. 
 He was a member of the Park Board and as such did much for the improvement and beautifying of the city's 
 breathing spots. He was the Democratic nominee for County Treasurer at the fall election of 1903. 
 
 HENRY & MISSERT.— Flour, Feed, Etc. 
 
 A leading Buffalo house dealing in flour, feed, seeds, and grain is that of Henry & Missert, composed of F. J. 
 Henry and .•\. F. Missert, at No. 94 Michigan Street, opposite the Elk Street Market. Their business is both whole- 
 sale and retail, and they also are shippers, receivers, and dealers in salvage. The articles they handle include 
 family and bakers' flour, middlings, mixed feeds, chopped feeds, cornmeal, gluten feed, hominy feed, malt sprouts, 
 corn, oats, screenings, cracked corn, oil meal, oil cake, timothy and clover seed, hay and straw. The present firm 
 was established in 1900. Both Messrs. Henry and Missert were for twenty years connected with the old milling 
 firm of Harvey & Henry. Henry & Missert enjoy a large business here and throughout the Eastern and New Eng- 
 land States. They occupy a commodious store, 100x120 feet, and at all times carry a large and well-selected 
 stock. Both members of the present firm are well and favorably known throughout the country, but especially in 
 the eastern and middle sections. Many of their customers have dealt with the house throughout all the period of 
 its existence, and they have found the present partners to be worthy of patronage. The establishment is in the 
 lead of all similar concerns in this part of the country, and there is little doubt but it will continue to do a large 
 and prosperous busmess and please its patrons as in former days. The two partners are gentlemen of fine social 
 qualities, excellent business training, absolute integrity, and are untiring in their efforts to please their patrons. 
 
 FISHER, SMITH & COMPANY. —Bottles, Corks, Etc. 
 
 Although comparatively a recent addition to the industrial world of Twentieth Century BulTalo, the firm of 
 Fisher, Smith & Companv is one of the largest and most important in its line, not only in this city but in the 
 United States. They are manufacturers, importers, and jobbers of bottles, corks, bar and druggists' glassware, 
 and bottler's supplies, and are located at No. 74 Pearl Street and No. 39 Seneca Street. In addition to the above 
 lines of goods this house carries a large stock of labels for all kinds of drugs and liquors, in which they have the 
 most complete supply to be found in the State. They carrv about 1,500 different styles of tumblers, glasses, and 
 shupers The firm has constantlv on hand many more difi'erent styles than all the other BulTalo dealers combined. 
 The business is strictlv wholesale' and five salesmen are constantly on the road. The factory is located at Bradford, 
 Pa The territory cohered is all of New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. They are also large importers of glass- 
 ware A special feature of the trade is hotel, restaurant, and druggists' supplies and special attention is paid to 
 orders from milk dealers and brewers. This is the only complete hotel and bar supply business of the kind in the 
 city evervthing in that line being carried in stock. The members of the company are E. E. Fisher and M. M. 
 Snii'th, bdth enterprising, energetic, and thorough business men, of wide commercial experience and unswerving 
 business honesty. 
 
 MEADVILLE (PENNSYLVANIA) DISTILLING COMPANY. 
 
 The MeadviUe Distilling Company, whose works are located at Meadville, Pa have their executive head- 
 quarters at Bufl-alo, at 632-634 Ellicott Square, under the management of Henry P. Werner, \ ice- President of the 
 coinpanv of which Daniel H. Person, also a Buffalo man, is President The company produces a pure rye 
 whXey only and the product of its distillery is favorably known from Maine to California. The output of the 
 distillerv is verv large and distributed onlv to the wholesale and jobbmg trade. 
 
 To a ley brge^degree the success of this company in recent years has been due to the energy and busmess 
 tact of Mr. Werner, who has extended the sale of the company's product into every marke where dst.llery goods 
 are in demand. He is an earnest believer in the progressive importance of Twentieth Century Buffalo. 
 
190 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 J. LLOYD JONES. 
 President. United States Canning Company. (See page lnl.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 191 
 
 UNITED STATES CANNING COMPANY. 
 
 After a valuable preliminary experience in the wholesale grocery trade, J. I.lovd Jones, now one of the most 
 progressive business men of Twentieth Century Buffalo, twenty-five years ago turned his attention to the 
 canning industry, the requirements of which, from the manufacturers as well as from the consumers point of view, 
 he very carefully studied. As a result, he became instrumental in the organization, by purchase or building, of a 
 chain of well-equipped factories in this State and Pennsylvania, in succession at Rome, 1888 ; Kredonia 181)6 • 
 Buffalo, 1896 ; Lenox, 1896 ; North East, 1899 ; Westfield, 1900 ; Buffalo, 1900 ; Karnham, 1902. Canning' 
 operations in Buffalo were discontinued in 1901 and the equipment removed to the other factories of the United 
 Stales Canning Company, which was organized in 1900, and which now operates the factories at Rome. Lenox, 
 Farnham, Fiedonia, Westfield, and North East, each factory being man.iged bv subordinate corpurations. The 
 total output varies according to the crop conditions, from' 10.01)0.000 lo l.^',000,OOU cans annually, and is 
 distributed all over the United States, and for export, the brands of the company being recognized everywhere 
 as typifying the very highest grade of goods. All kinds of choice fruits and carefully selected vegetables are 
 canned by the most approved methods and with the latest devised appliances. The company has the largest floor 
 space of any canning concerns in the country outside of California. The Census of 1900 gave the value of goods 
 canned annually in the United States at forty-six million dollars. The number of pounds packed bv the three leading 
 States was given as follows : Vegetables, Maryland. 307.247.293 ; New York, 13.5,432,524 ; Indiana, 91,560,684 ; 
 Fruit, California, 162,190,382 ; Maryland, 56,432,.566 ; New York, 41,241,240. These figures show the important 
 position in this industry occupied by New York State, which leads all others in corn, peas, beans, pumpkins, and 
 apples. Inasmuch as the United Stales Canning Company packs at least one-fifth of the vegetables and a 
 considerable proportion of the fruit canned in this State some idea can be conceived of the magnitude of its 
 business, of which Buffalo has been selected as the headquarters. Mr. Jones, President of the company, has 
 general direction of the business, aided by Henry T. Howlett, the Secretary, Treasurer, and Business .Manager, 
 with whom Mr. Jones has been associated in commercial affairs for many years. Important improvements for 
 the further development of this great enterprise are contemplated. The offices of the company are at 42.5, 427, 
 and 431 EUicott Square. 
 
 RYCKMAN'S BROCTON WINES. 
 
 The American yournal of Health, in an article headed "A Hygienist's Attitude on the Wines Question," 
 emphatically recommends the judicious use of pure wines. "There are, of course, wines offered for sale which 
 should never be used," says the Journal : "but of pure wine it can be truly said that its use is very beneficial. It is 
 Nature's tonic stored up for the beneficent purpose in the grape, and has a legitimate field for use. Recently we 
 sent several samples of wine to our board of chemists for analysis, and of these, a beverage made by G. E. 
 Ryckman of Brocton, New York, serves as a good illustration of the kind of wine to which we refer when we say 
 that its use is highly beneficial. This wine was found to be absolutely free from any trace of adulteration. Here 
 is a beverage that has successfully stood the severest test as to its purity. Its strength and rich liavor have their 
 origin in the pure juice of the grape and not in any preparations used in its stead, in order to produce a fictitious 
 strength and color. The American Journal of Health means to deal in a scientific temper with every question 
 relating to the good health of its readers, and so it gladly gives an unqualified editorial endorsement to the 
 Ryckman wine, because it deserves it on account of its intrinsic worth, which places it among the choicest of 
 wines." In 1824, Deacon Elijah Fay, a pioneer of Chautauqua County, New York, and a sturdy son of Scotia, 
 planted the first vineyard on the shores of Lake Erie where now stands the village of Brocton, and which exists 
 to day. In 1840, the first gallon of wine was made from the grapes grown on those vines. This was the beginning 
 of a business which has grown to immense proportions and which extends all over the world. 
 
 The famous Brocton cellars were built by the present owner. Garrett E. Ryckman, in 18.59, for the storage of 
 wine in quantity, and these have been enlarged until now they contain more than 300,000 gallons of wine of a very 
 old vintage — wine that will stand the test of comparison with any brands vinted not only in America but in 
 Europe, in respect to purity, bouquet, and body flavor. G. E. Ryckman operates a machine for stemming the grapes 
 before juice is extracted, bought at an expense of thousands of dollars in Paris twenty years ago. This machine 
 eliminates all the tannin properties of the stems, making his wine the most healthful and wholesome in this 
 country, as gold medals, Paris, Chicago, and the Pan American for his wines and brandies attest. The product of 
 his cellars are on sale only in the Teck Theater Building, Buffalo, N. Y., by J. B. Wooster, agent for the Buffalo 
 district. 
 
 HERMAN BERNHARDT — Merch.\nt in Winf.s, Etc. 
 
 In Buffalo for more than fifty years the name of Bernharilt and fine imported wines and liquors have Iwen 
 svnonvmous In 1847, the Bernhardt store was established in the wine business here. Confinmg itself to the 
 impor'ting of onlv the verv choicest of foreign wines, the establishment soon built up a trade which has increased 
 as the city has grown, and to-day there is no larger or better known establishment of "s kind in Buffalo than the 
 wholesale and retail wine and liquor store of Herman Bernhardt, at Nos. 297, 299, and 301 Washington Street, 
 directly opposite EUicott Square. The large store is divided in two general parts, the north part being devote, to 
 the wholesale trade. The entire space is 58 by 142 feet in extent. Herman Bernhardt the proprietor, is a native 
 of Germany and is a genial, companionable, and intelligent gentleman. He is also a hard worker, and while he 
 never loses an old customer through any fault of his, he is constantly striving to increase his trade, and '» th'S he 
 has excellent success. His customers come not only from all parts of Buffalo but from all sections of Erie County 
 and the country and towns within fifty to 100 miles of Buffalo. The goods which he imports include the finest 
 
192 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 ALEXANDER HOEGL. 
 District Manager and Butl'alo Sales Agent, Fleischmann & Company. (See page 193.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTLRV HUFFALO. 193 
 
 Hungarian, Rhine, Moselle, Burgundy, Bordeaux, Port, and Sherry wines, Cognac, Gin, Scotch and Irish 
 Whiskeys, Champagnes, Cordials, mineral waters, etc. Ho is also a dealer in alf kinds of domestic wines and 
 liquors, in large or small quantities. The store of Herman Bernhardt is one of the landmarks of Buffalo. Ilis 
 annual business of imports and sales of wines and liquors is far up in the hundreds of thousands of dollars, and 
 the stock that is on hand at all times is of large value. The exact location of Herman Ilcrnhardt's store is pretty 
 nearly as well known as that of any large department store. The firm of Bernhardt Brothers liuilt up a large 
 and prosperous trade and since its dissolution the present proprietor has added steadily to the patronage of the 
 house. He keeps a close watch of the general business and all its details, and he always has a large corps of 
 active, wideawake, obliging, and competent help in both the wholes.ale and retail departments. As a business 
 man and a man of honor, and in the strength and stal)ility of his financial affairs, Mr. Bernhardt stands in the front 
 rank of Buffalonians. In a social way he is equally prominent. lie is a member of the Orpheus, the S.engcr- 
 bund, and the Liedertafel, the famous singing societies, and of many fraternal orders, in all of which he is a 
 leader. Mr. Bernhardt is a firm believer in the future growth of Twentieth Century BufTalo, and is a willing 
 supporter of any enterprise conducted for the public welfare. 
 
 C. PERSON'S SONS. —Winks ami Liquors. 
 
 The name of the firm of C. Person's Sons is familiar to nearly every person in Buffalo and vicinity, even to 
 those who never had occasion to visit them or buy tlieir goods. They have the largest business in the city as 
 wholesale wine and liquor merchants, and are also rectifiers and distillers of litjuors on an extensive scale. Their 
 place of business is at Nos. 390, 392 Elm Street. They arc the sole proprietors of the celebrated BufTalo Club 
 Rye Whiskey and sole distributers of the famous Meadville Pure Rye Whiskey, two brands whose names are 
 familiar to every man, woman, or child who ever gets a block away from home or reads a newspaper. The house 
 was established in 1850 by Charles Person, and later his sons, Daniel, William, and Frank P. Person, became 
 the proprietors. The business is all wholesale and the concern has customers all over Western New York, Penn- 
 sylvania, and Ohio. Four men are employed as traveling representatives. Five large floors are occupied, each of 
 which is about 100x80 feet in size. This house is one of the old established and standard institutions of 
 Twentieth Century BufTalo. Its endorsement of an article amounts to a certificate of its merit that cannot be 
 questioned. It is in the lead of all other houses in the wholesale wine and liquor business, and the enterprise, 
 liberality, public spirit, high standing, and character of its members cannot be questioned. It is a house worthy 
 of Buffalo of The Twentieth Century and no doubt it will stand at the head in its line for many years to come, and 
 continue to furnish the purest and best of goods to cheer mankind. It is a well-known fact that there are no 
 brands of whiskeys on the market in this part of the world that are more frequently called for by connoisseurs 
 tlian those of which C. Person's Sons are the Buffalo proprietors and representatives, and their general line of 
 wines and liquors are not inferior to them. 
 
 A. Z. GL\NNELLI. — Italian Wines, Etc. 
 
 Prominent among the men who have cast their lot with Twentieth Century Buffiilo and have done much 
 towards establishing the prosperity and furthering the growth of the city is Anthony Z. Gianelli, whose store and 
 hotel at Xo 48 East Eagle Street is one of the best known in its line in Western New \ ork. 1 his standard house 
 was established bv Mr. Giannelli in 1880, at No. 339 EUicott Street, and three years later was remov-ed to its present 
 location with Arthur Talamo as a partner in the firm. The latter retired in 1886, leaving Mr. Giannelli as the 
 sole proprietor The business, from a modest start, grew with wonderful rapidity until now it is second to none 
 in this State and compares favorably with any in the United States. The territory covered has long since expanded 
 beyond local limits and now extends all over the community. Mr. Giannelli is one of the largest importers of 
 olive oils and Italian wines in this country. He is largely interested in two mills which grind olives and presses 
 out the oils, at Santa Maria, Albiano Province of Lucca, Toscana. These oils have been analyzed by one of the 
 most prominent analytical chemists in Buffalo, Dr. John A. Miller, and have been pronounced absolutely pure. 
 He IS also a large importer of Italian cheeses and macaroni, and always keeps in hand a large stock in both these 
 lines The finest giades of imported cheese, wines of the most delicate bouquet, and hquors of the choicest 
 quality are handled, and the reputation of this house for honest dealing is unquestioned. The use of Italian 
 products for family consumption is continually increasing. 
 
 FLEISCHMANN & COMPANY. —Yeast. 
 
 For more than thirtv vears Fleischmann's Yeast has been known and valued in this territory, BufTalo having been 
 selected as the distribut'ing point for Western New York, Northwestern Pennsylvania, and Eastern Ohio, hor 
 our een "ars Alexander Ho^gl has been district manager for Fleischmann .V Company and their BufTalo - es agenu 
 Under his able and vigorous management the business has grown to very arge proportions. A the BufTalo 
 headquarters Pearl Street, the yeast is stored in bulk, cut up, put into the little packages so familiar to house- 
 wiv« and supplied to dealers and large consumers. The extent of this business has became phenomenal and Ms 
 deve ipment "^s due to Mr. Hoegl's untiring and tactful elTorts. Mr Hoeg is as greatly esteemed by the trade 
 as is the yeast he handles. He is actively interests in the affairs of the Retail Grocers' Association. A very 
 large sha/eof success of the Pure Food Show of 1903 was due to his energy and executive ability. 
 
194 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 CHARLES E. WILLIAMS. 
 
 President of the German Rock Asphalt & Cement Co., Ltd.. President of the Lake Erie Dredging Co., 
 
 President of the Buffalo Expanded Metal Co.. and President of the Continental 
 
 Engineering & Contracting Co. (See page lii5. ) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 196 
 
 CONTRACTING AND BUILDING. 
 
 The contracting and building interests of Twentieth Century BufTalo constitute a very 
 important division of the business of the community. Many large contracts for public and 
 private work were completed or well under way during the year 1903, some of which are 
 referred to in the notices of contractors which follows. 
 
 BUILDERS' EXCHANGE. 
 
 On pages 111, 112, and 113 of Part One of this edition of Twentieth Century Buffalo will be found 
 interesting information relating to the Builders' Exchange. The officers of the Exchange for 1903 are : President, 
 George W. Maltby ; Vice-President, C. B. Jameson ; Treasurer, James S. Stygall, Jr. ; Secretary, James M. 
 Carter. Trustees : Charles Mosier, E. P. .Smith, Frank C. Kempf, three years ; J. W. Menrich, Peter Ginther, 
 two years ; F. H. Grove, F. T. Coppins, Alfred Lyth, one year. 
 
 BUILDING STATISTICS. 
 
 During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1903, 2,101 permits were issued by the municipal Bureau of Building, 
 an increase of 696 over the previous year. The valuation of these permits was .$6,778,592 as compared with 
 $4, 682,367 for the previous twelve months. These permits were for building within the city limits only. Very 
 extensive building operations were completed or in progress in 1903 in the vicinity of the Lackawanna steel plant, 
 
 outside the city limits. 
 
 CONTRACTORS AND CONTRACTS. 
 
 The following are some of Buffalo's leading contracting concerns, and the important contracts with which they 
 are or have been identified : 
 
 THE GERMAN ROCK ASPHALT & CEMENT COMPANY. 
 
 The German Rock Asphalt & Cement Company is laying Warren's Bitulithic paving on Niagara .\venue, 
 Niagara Falls, N. Y., under a contract amounting to $70,000. They are also improving the Niagara River Road, 
 under the Good Roads Act for the State, to the amount of $25,000. They also have steady work in the City of 
 BufTalo repairing and relayiug pavement for the city and also street railroad work, doing a business every year of 
 about $1,000,000. 
 
 THE LAKE ERIE DREDGING COMPANY. 
 
 The Lake Erie Dredging Company owns the " Pan-American," one of the largest dredges on the Great Lakes, 
 which has been working for the Government at Sault Ste. Marie for the past two years. This company also has a 
 contract with the Government amounting to $300,000 for deepening the channel of Niagara River between Buffalo 
 and Tonawanda, which work will take four dredges two years to complete. The company is doing a business 
 every year amounting to about $700,000. 
 
 THE BUFFALO EXPANDED METAL COMPANY. 
 
 The Buffalo Expanded Metal Company is engaged in expanded metal and concrete fireproofing work, and has 
 large contracts for the Larkin Soap Company this year (1903) amounting to $50,000, and has just ''"'^<1 » 
 $50,000 contract on the new Lafayette Hotel. They are also working on a contract amountmg to $150,000 for 
 what is called the Return Waterway at the Lackawanna Steel Company's new plant. This company does work 
 all over Western New York and is doing work at Geneva, Auburn, Post-otlfice at Jamestown, etc. They also 
 have several smaller jobs in this city, such as at the Spencer Kellogg mill, street railroad barns and power-houses, 
 etc., and do a business of over half a million dollars a year. 
 
 THE CONTINENTAL ENGINEERING AND CONTRACTING COMPANY. 
 The Continental Engineering & Contracting Company has its principal office at Montreal, Canada, where they 
 are doing heavv concrete work on an elevator and dock for the Canadian Government, and also an elevator tor the 
 Canadian Pacific Railroad at Fort William, Ont. This work is being done on sub-contracts from the Steel Storage 
 & Elevator Construction Company of this city. 
 
 Charles E. Williams is the president of all these great enterprises, the business offices of which are at 306 D. S. 
 Morgan Building. His immediate business associates are Frank L. Bapst, P. S. McNaughton, Reuben J. Gelz, 
 and W. H. Kinch. (See page 194.) 
 
196 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
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TWENTIETH CENTURY liLKKALO. 
 
 197 
 
 WILLIAM S. GRATTAN. 
 
 Of the firm of Grattan & Jennings. Contractors. (See page lii!'.) 
 
198 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 ALFRED \V. THORN. 
 General Manager. Thorn Cement Company. (See page 199.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 199 
 
 MOSIER & SUMMERS. 
 
 This firm was formed about 1898 and has done a very large contracting business from the outset, handling most 
 effectively a number of large and difficult contracts. They completed the fine business block on the northeast 
 corner of Main and Mohawk streets in a remarkably short time, and did excellent work in the improvemenls and 
 additions made m 1900 to the Hotel Iroquois. They h.id an important contract with the State for "Good Road " 
 work m West Seneca, and the splendid new Lafayette High School Building, just completed (see page 28, Part 
 One, of this edition of Twentieth Century Huffalo), is a satisfactory evidence of their competency to handle 
 big undertakings in their line. The members of the firm are Charles A. Mosier and William Summers. Their 
 offices and plant are at 126G Seneca Street. 
 
 HENRY P. BURGARI). 
 
 Henry P. Burgard is one of the most active and enterprising of the large contractors of Twentieth Century 
 Buffalo. He has satisfactorily handled very difficult .and extensive contracts for street paving in Buffalo and 
 at Niagara Falls. For several years he satisfactorily filled the city contract for large portions of the street clean- 
 ing, and he has been a successful bidder against keen competition for important jobs of extensive construction 
 work, both for the municipality and for private enterprises. 
 
 GRATTAN c^ JENNINGS. 
 
 The firm of Grattan & Jennings have in the past completed some very large Government contracts in BuHalo 
 and vicinity. Their operations in 1903, although directed from Buffalo, were being conducted at distant points. 
 
 THORN CEMENT COMPANY. 
 
 A very important factor in the commerce of Twentieth Century Buffalo is the sale of cement, for which the 
 leading house is the Thorn Cement Company, a fact that is borne out by the immense business done by this 
 concern and the high reputation it bears among the principal contractors, builders, and users of this commodity 
 throughout the territory practically controlled by the company, and which com]>rises New York and Pennsylvania 
 and Canada. The company handles a large quantity of the output of the Lehigh Portland Cement Company, the 
 second largest concern in its line in the world, operating five big mills, two of them located at Ormrod, Pa., and 
 one each at West Copley, Pa., Mitchell, Ind., and Wellston, Ohio, producing in all about 3,000,000 barrels a 
 year, or a dally average of ninety car loads or 9,000 barrels, and giving employment to about 1,300 men, who are 
 constantly employed. Some further idea of the extent of the business may be had from the fact that the entire 
 output of all the mills in this country is 15,000,000 barrels, the Lehigh Portland Cement Company proportion 
 being, therefore, one-fifth of that vast production. The Thorn Cement Company, now one of the best-known 
 houses in the United States, was established about ten years ago by Alfred W. Thorn, and in 1897 was in- 
 corporated under the laws of New York. Its officers are George S. Field, President ; F. B. Ussher, Secretary ; 
 and Alfred W. Thorn, General Manager. The general offices and sales department are located at Nos. 112 to 118 
 Church Street, on the line of the N. Y. Central and in close touch with the Erie Canal, where the extensive 
 premises are equipped with every facility for the transaction of business. A stock of abnut 5,000 barrels is kept 
 constantly on hand, and orders for immediate delivery, no matter how large, can be filled without the slightest 
 delay, a great advantage to contractors and builders and one which is offered by no other concern. 
 
 The cement handled is especially adapted for high-grade sidewalks and superior quality engineering work, and 
 is used by all the leading contractors. The United States Government used the Lehigh Portland Cement exclusively 
 in the construction of the breakwater which encloses Buffalo's harbor, the longest stretch of seawall in the world. 
 More than 100,000 barrels were used in this work. Among other notable works in which this cement is now being 
 used are the mammoth plant of the Lackawanna Steel Company and the massive buildings of the Larkin Soap 
 Company. The International Traction Company uses this cement exclusively, and in the erection of all the 
 fireproof public school buildings it was exclusively used. In fact, there are few if any of the more import.ant 
 buildings in Twentieth Century Buffalo for which the Lehigh Portland Cement has not been required. The policy 
 of the company has been not only to handle the best cement that can be manufactured, but to be able to give 
 satisfactorv information relative to its use. Mr. Alfred W. Thorn, the general manager, in direct charge of the 
 Buffalo headquarters, is an expert in every detail connected with the manufacture and uses of cement, and to him 
 are referred all technical questions that may arise. He is constantly consulted by prominent engineers, contractors, 
 builders, or users of cement for advice as'to the best methods of testing the qualities of cement, qu.antities and 
 systems of using, in order to achieve the best results, and other questions which present themselves. He is also 
 frequently called upon for advice as to the fitting out of testing laboratories, many of the be.st of which were 
 equipped under his supervision. He is an associate member of the Western New York Society of Civil Engineers 
 and the American Society of Civil Engineers, and in his especial line of business enjoys a most enviable reputation. 
 
 BUFFALO CEMENT COMPANY, Limited. 
 
 The Buffalo Cement Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of New York in 1877 and has 
 ever since done business on a large scale, manufacturing an excellent grade of cement in very large quantities. 
 It owns and operates extensive stone quarries in the Kensington district and gives employment to over JW 
 operatives. They are also large owners of real estate. The company's offices are at No. 110 Franklin blreel. 
 Its officers are: President, Lewis J. Bennett; Vice-President and Treasurer, James P. Wood; Secretary, 
 Leslie J. Bennett. 
 
200 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Photo by Hall, 
 
 EDWAKD D. HOFELLER. 
 Contractor, Cement Paving, etc. (See page '.iOl.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 201 
 
 E. D. HOFELLER. 
 
 For twelve years E. D. Hofeller )ias been a'successful contractor in special lines, making BufTalo his head- 
 quarters. He has carried out many important works for commercial concerns and municipal corporations in 
 various parts of the United States and Canada, and has also satisfactorily completed a number of large railroad 
 and Government contracts. One of the specialties which he has brought to great perfection is his '• Crescent " 
 pavement, used for a variety of purposes, such as sidewalks, driveways, cellar bottoms, stable, warehouse, and 
 brewery floors. This pavement is remarkably durable, possessing superior qualities over others with which it 
 has been brought into competition. Many specimens of this fine pavement are to be seen in BufTalo. Mr. 
 Hofeller has done a large amount of work in his line at the Lackawana Steel Plant. He also handles on a large 
 scale the famous "Roebling" system of fireproof construction for partitions and floors. Mr. Hofeller is a 
 representative Buffalo business man of the younger and more enterprising class. He is progressive and energetic, 
 thoroughly reliable in all his dealings, and an important addition to the list of the active citizens of Twentieth 
 Century Buffalo. 
 
 THE POINT AHINO SAND COMPANY. 
 
 Twentieth Century Buffalo is proud, and justly so, of her beautifully paved streets and sidewalks, and her fame 
 in this respect extends all over this country. To the wheelman and the owner of motor vehicles, Buffalo is the 
 Mecca; while the absence of noise and dust makes it an ideal residence city. The credit for the yearly increase in 
 the mileage of asphalt pavements and concrete sidewalks is due to two causes. Within a few miles of the city lie 
 practically inexhaustable beds of the finest sand and gravel to be found in the world ; in the city is located a con- 
 cern with unlimited facilities for securing that material for construction, and equipped with every convenience for 
 handhng it. The Point Abino Sand Company is one of the representative enterprises of Buffalo, and the practical 
 methods it employs, embodying, as they do, a new departure from the ordinary line, have resulted in bringing the 
 higher grade of paving within reach of all. This company was incorjiorated under the laws of New \'ork in 1897. 
 It pumps all the sand handled by them from vast beds at Point .^bino, on the Canadian shore of I„ake Erie, the 
 only beds of their kind in this section. This sand is absolutely pure, free from all vegetable matter and when 
 mixed with cement forms a combination as durable as steel. Sand taken from pits invariably lacks sharpness, for 
 the reason that it has been deposited by the wind, the action of which reduces the grains to a more or less globular 
 form. The Point Abino sand is absolutely sharp, and for this reason is the best for construction purposes. Its 
 value in the sand blast is well known, and it was used exclusively in the welding of the tracks of the International 
 Traction Company, in this city, which company also uses it altogether for sanding its rails. The Point Abino 
 Sand Company owns a large fleet of boats for conveying the sand from the beds to their extensive yards at Pennsyl- 
 vania and Fourth streets, where it is unloaded by means of an automatic clam-shell derrick. These yards lie 
 directly on the banks of the Erie Canal, and are close to the railroad, giving unexcelled means for shipping to any 
 point. A large stock of both sand and gravel is kept constantly on hand, and orders, no matter how large, can be 
 tilled without delay. The gravel handled by the company is unequaled by that found at any place in the United 
 States for general construction work. In the construction of the breakwater surrounding the Buffalo harbor, the 
 longest seawall in the world, the gravel supplied by the Point Abino Sand Company was exclusively used, and 
 more than 20,000 cubic feet, or about 35,000 tons, were supplied for that immense job of concrete work. The 
 sub-structures for the Dakota and Eastern elevators were also made with this gravei, making them perfect speci- 
 mens of fireproof structures. The immense grand stand at the new driving park is also built on concrete founda- 
 tions in which the Point Abino gravel is a factor. The Frontier Telephone Company selected this gravel m prefer- 
 ence to crushed stone for the work of laying its conduit system. This high-grade gravel and sand was also used on 
 the Young Men's Christian Association Building, the Elk and Van Rensselaer streets viaducts, and numerous other 
 pieces of construction work. An analysis of the Point Abino sand shows the most favorable character of its com- 
 ponent parts. The company has ample working capital and practically controls this line of business throughout 
 Western New York, Northern Pennsylvania, and Eastern Ohio. Among its rapidly-growing patronage may be 
 numbered the leading builders, contractors, and constructors, who recognize the superior quality an.i the low cost 
 of the material supplied them. The company is officered as follows : President and Manager, .Man I. HoUoway ; 
 Secretary and Treasurer, A. B. Carpenter, both of whom are well known to the trade. Mr. Holloway has made 
 this business the study of his life and is a recognized authority on everything connected with gravel and s.ind, its 
 ruiality and its handling. To him is largely due not only the development of the extensive concern of which he is 
 the head but also the widespread use of concrete for building and paving purposes. 1 he industry which he has 
 built up is unique in its way, and is a monument to his enterprise, progressiveness, and public spirit, as well as a 
 credit to Twentieth Century Buffalo. 
 
 GEORGE W. MALTBY & SON. 
 
 The most important cut-stone business of Twentieth Century Buffalo is that ^""•'"f.^'^^J'y <^«°/8^^^ 
 & Son, at their extensive yards on the water front at the foot of Maryland Street, which are cfhc.ently ^q" PP'd 
 with the most perfect modern machinery and which are always well stocked with -\^'°-;, '^«e'"e-^«"" :-„^^,^e 
 building marble. The firm has recently completed a number of large contracts »"^^^f^ "'''"^X^sM^Xnee 
 in the course of completion. The senior partner, George W. Maltby, who is P'"'^«"' "^ '^-^^-^f ''f"' He is In 
 (see page 195), has been engaged in the stone cutting and contracting business in Buffalo man) jcars. He .s an 
 estimable citizen and highly respected in all the affairs of life in which he may be interested. 
 
202 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 CHARLES F. FILBRICK. 
 Managing partner in the Whitmier & Filbricli Company. (See page 203.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY bUFKALO. 
 
 203 
 
 THE LATE C. M. WHITMIER. 
 
 Founder of the business of the Whitmier « 
 
 Filbrick Co. 
 
 THE WHITMIKR .\: KILHRICK COMPANY. 
 
 Certain branches ..f business and almost every variety of public 
 entertainment, especially those furnished by the theaters of a large 
 city, arc best advertised by the bill-poster's art. It assuredly is an 
 art to make a clever and timely display of printed announcement 
 destined to attract the public eye. In Buffalo the bill-postiny busi- 
 ncss has for many years been controlled almost exclusively by the 
 Whitmicr & Filbrick Company. It has been always conducted 
 scientifically, successfully, and in a manner that has proven satisfactory 
 to those who have entrusted their work to the company. The busi- 
 ness was established over thirty years ago by the late C. M. Whitmier, 
 whose widow still retains an interest in the firm, the active partner 
 and energetic manager of which is Charles F. I'ilbrick, one of the 
 most enterprising and popular of the younger generation of Buffalo's 
 citizens and a ardent believer in the coming greatness of Twentieth 
 Century Buffalo. Tlie firm are not merely local bill posters but do a 
 large amount of circular and other distributing. In addition, all the 
 bill posting and distributing in Tonawanda, Batavia, and other points 
 m Western New York is done by them ; they also handle the outdoor 
 advertising work all over the Union and in Canada for great concerns, 
 like the Pierce Medical Dispensary, the American Tobacco Company, 
 the Continental Tobacco Company, the Mapl Flake Company, and 
 others of equal magnitude. A ' specialty largely used by' their 
 customers is their hand-painted bulletins or artotype hand-painted 
 posters, which are quite novel and exceedingly effective. The firm's 
 headquarters in Buffalo, which are large, conveniently located, and 
 equipped with every requirement for conducting business on a very 
 large scale, are at 200 Washington Street. 
 
 VARIOUS IMPORTANT BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS. 
 
 N. L. & H. V. B.\RR. — Plumbers, Etc. 
 
 N. L. & H. V. Barr, plumbers, hot water and steam heating, located at No. 13 West Huron Street, are among 
 the most competent and experienced men in the business. Their firm was established in May, 1901, in the present 
 location. They do high-grade plumbing in all its branches at moderate rates. They employ a force of competent 
 persons and carry an excellent and well-arranged stock of plumbers' goods. The firm has handled a number of 
 very important contracts and always with perfect success and thorough satisfaction to their patrons. They have 
 had ample experience and are able to do the most difficult work in plumbing or heating. They have considerable 
 out-of-town work as well as in various parts of the City of Buffalo, -\mong the important contracts which X. L. 
 & H. V. Barr have filled recently are : the Buffalo General Hospital ; New York State Building, now occupied by 
 the Erie County Historical .Society ; the home of John G. Milburn, made famous as the scene of the death of the 
 late President McKinley ; the residence of Harry Hamlin, the new home of the Country Club, the American 
 Radiator Plant, the handsome offices of the Bell Telephone Company, the Genesee Hotel, and other prominent 
 buildings in Twentieth Century Buffalo. It is the comparatively small employers of labor who are the important 
 factors in making a progressive city. To every place employing a small number of men is due, therefore, its meed 
 of praise as an establishment beneficial to the community, both in its direct service to the customers and in a general 
 way to the public, by its very existence. N. L. & H. V. Barr are men of genial (pialities, who are greatly esteemed 
 socially as well as in their business relations. They are men of unquestioned probity and are worthy of the full 
 confidence of the public. 
 
 DAVIS & WRIGHT. — Practical Pi.imbers. 
 
 There is no more reliable firm of practical and competent plumbers, gas and steam fitters than that of Davis 
 & Wright, composed of Jacob Davis and Samuel Wright, No. 691 Main Street. They are competent to guarantee 
 first-class service in every respect. The business was established, April 1, 1900, at the present location. 
 Thev regularly emplov at least twenty men and do a general plumbing business. .Mr. Davis was formerly with the 
 ■well-known firm of Irlbacker & Davis, and Mr. Wright was foreman there until the present business was estab- 
 lished. Both members of the firm have been in the plumbing business practically all their lives. Their fine Main 
 Street Store, 30 x 175 feet in size, has one of the largest and finest of stocks in the city .and the firm is prepared 
 for all the desirable business that comes its way. Davis & Wright have executed a number of very important 
 contracts and have proved their ability by performing important and difficult work in the most thorough and 
 efficient manner. Among the recent jobs of magnitude entrusted to them was the handsome home of .Mr. C. 
 W. Brighton, at Mt. Morris, New York, wherein^hey installed a complete heating and plumbing system. They 
 have been engaged on extensive work in Schenectady, N. Y., one job being the heating and plumbing of the new 
 residence of Mr. H. W. Dailing, Treasurer of the General Electric Company. Both parties are men of high 
 character and thorough and practical business experience, fully equipped in their trade. Mr. Wright was for 
 seven years one of the Board of Plumbing Examiners and in this position his ability and integrity won him the 
 confidence of the entire community. 
 
204 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 PHILIP ERBES & SONS. — General Painters and Decorators. 
 
 That Twentieth Century Buffalo is famous as a city of beautiful homes is a fact that is beyond dispute. To the 
 painter and decorator not a small share of the credit is due for the making of Buffalo a city of handsome homes. 
 His skill has been instrumental in giving to the city much of its handsome dress. Prominent among the men who 
 have thus been instrumental in beautifying Buffalo are Philip Erbes & Sons, general painters and decorators, located 
 at No. .536 Genesee Street. This reputable firm was established in 1874 by Philip Erbes, at No. 252 Main Street, 
 where he for a long time carried on a house and sign-painting establishment. The demand for his services grew 
 rapidly and here moved to No. 536 Genesee Street. Some years ago he took his sons, Philip, Edward, and Arthur, 
 into partnership. He now attends solely to the wholesale and retail dealing in painters and decorators' supplies, of 
 which a very large stock is kept on hand. The trade extends throughout the city and surrounding country. A 
 force of thirty skilled workmen are employed in the business. The premises occupied are 30x100 feet in size and 
 stocked with a large and complete line of high-grade, first-quality goods. A special feature is made of estimating 
 on important contracts. Mr. Erbes is well known and one of Twentieth Century Buffalo's representative 
 citizens. He was a member of the Erie County Board of Supervisors for eight years and is popular both in public 
 and private life. His sons are also prominent in both the commercial and social circles. 
 
 \\'ILLIAM H. LEE. — Painter and Decorator. 
 
 In his particular line of industry no one m Twentieth Century Buffalo has a more enviable reputation than 
 William H. Lee, painter and decorator, whose fine establishment is located at Nos. 395 and 397 Massachusetts 
 Avenue, corner of Brayton Street. This reputable house was established four years ago. From its inception it 
 claimed popular favor and to-day it is able to secure much of the cream of this trade. Many of the finest residences 
 in Twentieth Century Buffalo owe their handsome appointments to his skill. Mr. Lee is thoroughly experienced 
 in all that pertains to his business. He has a practical knowledge of all the details of exterior and interior decora- 
 tion, and the home fitted out by him is sure to be a model one. In addition to operating a general painting and 
 decorating business in all its branches, Mr. Lee carries a very large and choice stock of all kinds of painters, 
 paper-hangers, and glaciers' supplies, comprising paints, oils, varnishes, wall paper and moldings, glass, in fact, 
 everything that is needed in exterior or interior decoration of a home. Mr. Lee's handsomely-appointed store is 
 40 X 75 feet in size and is completely stocked with one of the finest assortments to be found in the city. He 
 employs a force of a score to fifty of the most skilled painters and decorators in the city, and an order placed with 
 him is certain of prompt fulfillment. Mr. Lee is a prominent factor in the commercial and industrial world of 
 Twentieth Century Buffalo. In social circles, he is equally prominent and deservedly popular. 
 
 JOHN A. WOLSLEY. — Mantels, Etc. 
 
 The business house of John A. Wolsley, dealer in wood mantels, imported marbles, mosaics, open fireplaces, 
 gas and coal grates, bath-room and floor tiling, at No. 895 Main Street, is one of the most important in the line in 
 the city. It was established in 1881 at No. 606 Main Street. Mr. Wolsley has been in the same line of business all 
 his life, and having made the most of his opportunities he is qualified to teach many others who follow the same 
 trade. His business is mostly to order and is very large in the city and surrounding towns, and is constantly grow- 
 ing. Mr. Wolsley has tiled many of the largest buildings in Buffalo and various towns and cities in this part of the 
 country. He carries the largest line of goods and accessories necessary to the business in Buffalo or Western New 
 York. He employs a competent force of skilled help and does grate and fireplace work for all fuels. Mr. Wolsley 
 has a widespread reputation as a producer of perfect work and for supplying the finest and latest goods in the 
 market in mantels, marbles, mosaics, tiling, grates, etc., and he is the man sought for when important contracts 
 are to be awarded. He is hardworking, thoroughly progressive, up to date, and is always well informed regarding 
 everything worth knowing in his business. His goods are of the latest and best, and he never recommends any 
 article that is not up to the highest standard. 
 
 ALVIN W. D.\Y & COMPANY. — Mantels, Etc. 
 
 One of the oldest establishments in Twentieth Century Buffalo which deals in mantels, fireplace goods, marble, 
 and mosaic is that of Alvin W. Day & Co. It is not only one of the oldest but also one of the largest and best 
 known in Western New York. .Mr. Day, the senior partner, became proprietor of this standard business house in 
 1885, succeedmg George H. Bush. Under his management there has been a very large trade built up, not only in 
 the city but throughout the entire country. The major part of this business is to order and many of the finest 
 residences of Twentieth Century Buffalo have been fitted out by him. The firm carries a very large and choice 
 Ime of supplies and designs, and is always prepared to furnish estimates on all kinds of work on application. The 
 premises occupied are in the handsome building. No. 877 Main Street, running through to Washington Street, and 
 IS there numbered 880. They cover 25 x 200 feet and are stocked with a line of supplies that for worth and 
 excellence cannot be equaled in this country. A corps of fifty experienced and skilled men are constantly 
 employed. Orders by telephone to Seneca 572 are promptly attended to and in every case satisfaction is 
 guaranteed. Mr. Day and his associates are thoroughly experienced in this line, and give to all the details of the 
 business the strictest attention and careful supervision. In addition to fireplace goods, the firm handles the Omega 
 Gas Heaters, which are conceded to be the best placed on the market. In the commercial world, Mr. Day bears 
 the reputation of being an eminently successful man, progressive and with sterling business methods, fair and 
 honorable in all his dealings. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 205 
 
 CHARLES F. MEISTER. — Art Novelties, Wall 1'aikk, Etc. 
 
 Almost a century ago the house which is made the subject of this brief record was established l>y Nathaniel 
 Wilgus. This was in 1818, and from that time until the present date it has been one of the prominent factors in 
 the commercial history of the city's growth and prosperity. Starting from a modest beginning it has been 
 continuously prosperous. In 1865, the firm became Montgomery Brothers, and in 1878 was again changed to II. 
 M. Montgomery. Five years later the business was enlarged and Charles F. Meister was added to the firm. In 
 1899, Mr. H. M. Montgomery died and Mr. Meister became sole proprietor. This reliable and progressive estab- 
 lishment occupies the fine stores at Nos. 525 and 527 Main Street, 26 x 100 feet on the ground, occupying about 
 3,000 square feet floor space, in which is carried a full line of wall paper, interior decorations, and art novelties in 
 every line, quality, and unlimited variety. Mr. Meister has in his employ twenty-five men. including paper hangers 
 and decorators, and these are kept constantly engaged filling the many orders. He enjoys a reputation second to 
 none in the United States for excellence of material, prompt and first-class workmanship, honnralile dealings ami 
 reasonable charges. It is on these business principles that the success of the institution is based. Mr. .Meister's 
 career has been a uniformly successful one, a fact due to his individual qualifications as a business man and his 
 integrity in all commercial relations, and he enjoys the esteem of the community. 
 
 J. W. JOHNSON. — Painter and Marine Uecoratok. 
 
 In possibly no profession have greater strides been made within the past quarter of a century than that of sign, 
 house, and marine painting and decorating. One of the best-known representatives in this line, and one who has 
 won for himself an enviable reputation in the industrial world of Twentieth Century Buffalo, is J. \V. Johnson, 
 whose place of business is advantageously located at No. 7 Ohio Street. Mr. Johnson has been identified with 
 painting and decorating for twenty-three years, and for the past thirteen years has conducted the business for him- 
 self. His progressive, practical, up-to-date methods, combined with his ability as an artist, designer, and decor- 
 ator, has brought him a large and remunerative trade and to-day he ranks among the leaders in his profession. 
 The premises occupied by Mr. Johnson comprise about 2,500 square feet of floor space, the largest house of a 
 similar nature in Buffalo. The stock carried is one of the largest and finest in Western New York, comprising the 
 highest quality paints, pure oils, and varnishes, while twenty experienced artists are employed. A specialty is 
 made of marine painting and decorating, and many of the handsomest boats on the Great Lakes show specimens of 
 Mr. Johnson's handiwork. A large business is done in structural steel, elevator, and warehouse work. In sign 
 painting, this house has turned out many notable specimens, and for house painting it also bears a wide rcputatioti. 
 Many of Buffalo's largest and handsomest buildings bear witness to Mr. Johnson's skill and artistic taste. He is 
 prepared to fill any contract, no matter how large, in the best and most satisfactory manner. In addition to 
 painting and decorating, Mr. Johnson does an extensive wholesale and retail business in oils, paints, and glass, and 
 supplies many of the retail houses of this city. 
 
 JOHN UEBBING. — Wall Paper. 
 
 In 1869 Mr John Uebbing established himself in his present location, at Nos. 290, 292 Broadway, as a dealer in 
 wall paper,' windiw shades, paints, oils, glass, varnishes, and brushes, also making a specialty of paintmg, paper. 
 hanging, and interior decorations. During the thirty-four years that have intervened he has grown in public 
 estimation and now has a trade, both wholesale and retail, which covers a large territory. He carries at all times 
 a large stock of paints, oils, and sundries, and a full line of choice wall papers In the paper hanging and 
 decorating department he employs a large force of skilled workmen He is prepared at al times to P^"". RP". 
 and decorate the largest or smallest homes, and his long service and experience gi.arantees that .any contract taken 
 bv him will be handLl to the entire and complete satisfaction o his patrons. His trade is among he be t people 
 of the city, who depend upon his expert knowledge and have full confidence in his ability. Mr. Uebbing '^ l-"0»n 
 all over Buffalo as Tman whose word is his bond and one upon whom it is safe to rely. Mis patrons in the past 
 take pleasure in commending him to all who may stand in need of his goods or his services. 
 
 J. M. GRESZ. — Wall Paper, Paints, Eic. 
 
 Among the busings men ^th^Black R.ckdisUict^fT«^^ 
 
 rstrmerW:n^h^gr"ceT;^sin':si■ 'some^en ears'^go he establiked his present business and by courteous 
 reatment of pat ons^ promptness in filling orders, honorable dealing and unfailing enterprise, he has built up a 
 adewhch is not only of value to himself but a benefit to the city at large Mr. Gresz deals in wall paper. 
 window hades o 1 clothes, glass, paints, oils, brushes, and all articles required by the painter and decorator. The 
 window snaaes, oil cioines, g •J',. , ' , , ,, best material s used. He also makes a specialty of big 
 best grades in all the mes ^"^^ ''='."'^^'^^' .^"Vstvie" houses, .stores, etc. The business is located in 
 
 contracts to paper and decorate, in the latest ^'yl^l^^^'^^^'Jf' ^'^^.^^ '33 ^ gg' feet on the ground. In the sales- 
 
 J^o^rrtn^ferp^lo^y^rnr: l^rVforce^of skUI^'^w^^^kmen ar^e kept on the stalf. ^Mr. Ores, is not only 
 prominent in business circles but is also a leading factor in social bfe. 
 
206 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 THE PEOPLE'S FURNITURE COMPANY. 
 
 Occupying one of the most conspicuous places of business on Genesee Street, on the corner of Washington, and 
 known all over Buffalo as the Blue Front Store, The People's Furniture Company is a leader in its line and is here 
 selected as a prominent retail furniture house of Twentieth Century Buffalo because of the quantity and quality of 
 its stock, its reasonable prices, and its absolute integrity and fair dealing. The People's Furniture Company was 
 established in 1887, and such is the extent and variety of the stock carried, its reliability, promptness, and business- 
 like methods, that it has easily maintained the leadership in spite of keen and persistent competitors. The 
 premises occupied are all floors of a spacious four-story-and-basement brick building, painted a conspicuous blue. 
 Each floor is 50x100 feet, thus making the total area 200x400 — practically two acres. In this large space is 
 stored and displayed an immense stock of furniture and household articles, which are sold either for cash or credit 
 under the open-account system used by the company. Houses are furnished complete by this company and under 
 its roof every article needed in the making of a home may be obtained. Employment is given to some twenty 
 people ; and in all that goes to make up a progressive furniture store, the Blue Front Store is at the head. The 
 officers of the company are : President, C. S. Wheeler ; Secretary and Treasurer, A. L. Higley. Both these 
 gentlemen have had a long experience in the furniture trade and are thorough masters of values in furniture. They 
 have facilities for buying which gives them great advantage over competitors and permits them to offer choice 
 pieces at prices that other stores cannot afford. Both partners are men of pluck and energy, and backed by brains, 
 money, and honesty their continued business success is assured. Intending buyers can visit the Blue Front Store 
 for furniture, etc., with the assurance that they will be well pleased with their trading experience. 
 
 J. J. GEORGE. — Furniture. 
 
 J. I. George for more than twelve years has been a prominent figure in the mercantile and industrial world of 
 Buffalo. He is the well-known furniture constructor, and his establishment is now located at No. 933 Main 
 Street, opposite Allen. The business was founded by Mr. George twelve years ago, and the success which has 
 attended his career is a sufficient testimonial to his progressive, practical business methods. He does all kinds of 
 cabinet making, upholstering, interior wood finishing, and general repairing, making a specialty of everything in 
 the furniture line to order. He also handles all kinds of antiques, of which he carries an extensive and very valu- 
 able line. Mr. George has had nearly forty years' practical experience and has in the past been in business in 
 London, Paris, and New York. His Buffalo trade is one of the largest in his line in this city and Western New 
 York. The store, which is 25x75 feet in size, is finely fitted with every convenience for the satisfactory trans- 
 action of business. The workrooms are equipped with the latest improved and most expensive machinery, much 
 of it having been designed for the work. An effective force of skilled workmen are employed. Mr. George was 
 formerly in the English army and is a skilled swordsman and fencer. He has among his cherished possessions a 
 sword that has seen much active service and of which he is still the master. In the commercial world, Mr. 
 George is an important factor and enjoys a high reputation as a man of unquestioned integrity. 
 
 STIRLING FURNITURE COMPANY. — Household Outfitters. 
 
 Connecticut Street, which runs through the heart of the western section, is known as the main street of the best 
 resident district of the City of Buffalo. The street has many fine edifices devoted to business purposes, and the 
 stores are as spacious and well stocked as those of the down-town districts. Among the most important establish- 
 ments on the street is that of the Stirling Furniture Company, at Nos. 372 and 374, of which Mr. John Stirling is 
 the manager and proprietor. The building occupied is a commodious structure, with a floor capacity of 72 x 200 
 feet, wherein may be found a stock comprising a great variety of furniture, carpets, draperies, oil cloths, stoves, 
 dining room and kitchen supplies, and every article needed for the making and furnishing of a home. The stock 
 is complete in all departments. While the business is in no sense conducted on what is known as the installment 
 plan, yet a line of credit is extended when desired to reliable customers. The proprietor, Mr. John Stirling, is a 
 man of commercial intelligence and is a good buyer, purchasing direct from the manufacturers for cash, which 
 enables him to sell at a lower price than if he was compelled to pay the middleman's profit or "rake off." During 
 his short business career in this section, which dates from January 1, 1902, he has already made a host of friends 
 by his uniform courtesy and fair dealing, and has built up, with the assistance of the reliable goods carried, a hand- 
 some trade. He gives employment to four competent assistants or salesmen in the store, a department of which is 
 devoted to upholstering and repair work. In all things the Stirling Furniture Company will be found to be an 
 up-to-date, progressive house. 
 
 FRANK SCHNEIDER. —Antique Furniture, Etc. 
 
 One of the most prominent West Side establishments, with a reputation reaching beyond the limits of Twentieth 
 Century Buffalo, is that of Frank Schneider, dealer in antique furniture, fine uphoUtery to order, antiques of all kinds, 
 and repairer and refinisher of furniture, at 289 Connecticut Street. .-K specialty is made of ordered upholstery of 
 every description, which is done in a superior manner, and in which only the finest and highest grade materials are 
 used. He also makes a feature of repairing and rcfinishing furniture, in which line he has a very large business. 
 His trade in fine upholstery is especially important and he carries a very large stock of all this class of goods. 
 While still a young man, his twenty-six years' of experience in his chosen line of industry places him at the head, 
 and the success which has crowned his business career is a fitting tribute to his worth. He came to Buffalo from 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 207 
 
 Philadelphia, where he was for many years associated with the well-kno«-t, Otto SchlcRel. lie has a Urfc and 
 growng out-of-town trade and has customers as far away as Philadelphia and WashinRto'^! He makes all kinds of 
 furniture to order and has an extens.ve patronage in this line. He occupies three large floors. ea^hSO x U.' fee in 
 extent, and e,T,ploys twelve persons. From the number of people who visit the store of Frank Schneider from al" 
 parts of Buffalo and the surround.ng territory, one would think that he was conducting a large Main SW 
 establishment. He has. certamly a large and varied stock and a business of much magnitude, which i, carried on 
 at much less expense than wou d be entailed if he were on Main Street. His customers get the benefit of this fact 
 in the very moderate prices placed on new goods, and for upholstering, refinishing. and all repair work. Mr 
 Schneider is most highly respected among Buffalo's prominent business men. His standing in every way is the 
 
 BUFFALO TYPEWRITER EXCHANGE. 
 
 Typewriter exchanges have been an established and become a recognized factor of the Ivpewriler trade in all 
 the cities of any size for many years, but it was not until Messrs. Charles Aldinger and I_A. Mason formerly 
 employed by the Remington Company, in June, 1900, formed a partnership under the name of the Buffalo Type- 
 writer Exchange, that anything of the kind was attempted in Twentieth Century Buffalo. The start was made at 
 No. 116 Franklin Street, but the business grew so rapidly that it became necessary to remove the plant to the 
 building No. 118 Franklin Street, near Niagara, where two floors were secured, the lower one for the carrying of 
 the large stock, the upper used as a repair shop. The Buffalo Typewriter Exchange buys, sells, rents, repairs 
 and exchanges typewriters of all the leading makes, and also carries a very complete line of typewriter supplies 
 and specialties, such as ribbons, carbon and linen papers, stenographers' note books, etc. The repair shop is the 
 most complete and thoroughly equipped in Twentieth Century Buffalo, and, in fact, in Western New York, and is 
 under the personal supervision of Mr. Aldinger, who has had twelve years of practical experience in this line. 
 A specialty is made of the sale of new typewriters, and while any make can be furnished, the firm is the general 
 agent for the Fay-Sho typewriter, made in Chicago and possessing ipialities not lo be found in any other make. 
 During the Pan-American Exposition this exchange did a rapidly-increasing business and since then this has grown 
 very materially. Both Messrs. Charles Aldinger and L. A. Mason are energetic, active, and capable business men. 
 
 THE WAGNER COMPANY.— Underwood Typewriters. 
 
 The typewriter has largely displaced the pen and the business man requires the best machine, at the most 
 reasonable price. In all the requisite qualities the Underwood entirely fills the bill. It has more actual working 
 advantages than any other typewriter made. During the five years it has been before the public it has gained 
 for itself a deserved popularity, demonstrated by the fact that during the past four years more than 3,000 machines 
 have been sold in Buffalo alone and every one of them has given the best of satisfaction. The Underwood is a 
 standard, high-grade machine, embodying the first radical improvements made in typewriters. Its work is always 
 visible, an advantage which makes it specially valuable to the operator, in that it avoids the many mistakes and 
 errors which are liable to creep into the work of the most careful with other machines. The New Model Under, 
 wood eclipses all other machines. At the Pan-American Exposition the Underwood was awarded the gold medal, 
 the highest award for merit, over all other competing machines. The Buffalo office, at No. 124 Franklin Street, 
 of the Wagner Typewriter Company, which manufactures the Underwood, was established in June, 1900, and is 
 in charge of L. D. Camps, under whose efficient management a very large business has been built up. .^ feature 
 is made of the employment department, and stenographers, bookkeepers, and operators are furnished with good 
 positions free of charge. A specialty is also made of repairing machines. Orders by mail are promptly attended 
 to, while handsome catalogues may be had on application. 
 
 THE WILLIAMS TYPEWRITER COMPANY. 
 
 "It writes in sight" is the watchword of the Williams Typewriter, which is the best in use to-day. The 
 business man whose time is taken up by many affairs, appreciates the value of time, and a minute gained means 
 money. The operator who transcribes his letters, and who is compelled, in order to insure accuracy, to constantly 
 throw up the lever of the machine in order to expose the writing, loses much valuable time. In the Williams 
 Typewriter all this time is saved to both operator and business man, owing to the fact that the writing is always in 
 sight. This attractive feature is recognized by every business house and, as a result, many of them will use no 
 other make. The Buffalo branch of the Williams Typewriter Company was established in 1894, at No. 2."i.5 .Main 
 street, remaining at that location until 1901, when the largely increased business demanded larger quarters and 
 the plant was removed to No. 128 Franklin Street. The concern employs two men on the road and four in the 
 ofiice. The store and salesrooms are filled with a complete line of supplies used for all machines as well as new 
 and second-hand typewriters, not only of the Williams but of other makes. The business, which is large, covers 
 both the citv and out-of-town districts, and the territory covered is the entire Western New York and a large 
 section of Pennsylvania. In Buffalo alone a large trade is done. Every machine sold by the Williams Typewriter 
 Company is guaranteed and perfect satisfaction is given in every case. Mr. Fred E. Siebold, the local manager, 
 is a young man of more than usual ability and is a representative of the class of virile young men who have done 
 so much for Twentieth Century Buffalo, and the Buffalo branch of this popular company will thnve and expand 
 under his energetic and conservative management. 
 
208 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Pholo by Nussbaumer. 
 
 J. GEORGE NUSSBAUMER. 
 President of the Photographers' Association of America. (See page 20I>.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY UUFFALO. 209 
 
 SINGER COMPANY. — Sewing Machines. 
 
 Who does not know that the standard sewing machine of the world is made by the Singer Manufacturing Com- 
 pany, the Buffalo office of which company is at No. 0.31 Main Street, with A. S. Williams as its manager. The 
 company has maintained an office in Buffalo about fifty-three years, and at present location about five years. All 
 the territory of Western New York and Pennsylvania is controlled from the Buffalo branch, involving a very large 
 amount of work and business, as the out-of-town trade is heavy. A larf;e stock of machines is kept on hand in 
 the Buffalo office at all times, of the three leading styles of the Singer Company. For many years the Singer 
 Sewing Machine has been in the lead of all competitors in popularity and sales, and when agents for other 
 
 machines make a house-to-house canvass this is the most usual and frequent conversation at the door : Agent, 
 
 " I beg your p.irdon. Madam," or Mr., as the case may be, "but I am agent for the Sewing .Machine. Can 
 
 I interest you in the subject ? " Mai/am, — "No, not at this time, we have a machine that is doing perfectly satis- 
 factory work, although we have had it twenty-five years." Agt-iil, — "What make is it, please?" MaJiim, — 
 "The Singer. Good morning, sir." Agent, — " Oh, good morning." The agent is certain to get some such an 
 answer in three cases out of five, or possibly the inevitable Singer has not been in use so many years, although 
 some machines still in working order have been in use from thirty to forty years. The Singer is made for all kinds 
 of work, light and heavy, and it very rarely gets out of order. For sewing strong leather and heavy overcoat work 
 an especially strong machine is constructed. The up-to-date tailor uses the Singer, as well as the most delicate 
 housewife. Mr. A. S. Williams, manager of the Buffalo branch, is a thoroughly qualified and affable gentleman, 
 and no better selection of a man for this important and exacting position could have been made. Me has thou- 
 sands of customers of all temperaments and conditions to deal with, and lie handles them with such perfect tact, 
 courtesy, and judgment as to please them uniformly, while the company's interests are protected at the same time. 
 
 WILLIAM A. PHILLIPS. — •' Yk Oi.df. Bookf. M.\n." 
 
 The lovers of old books and the collector of the rare and beautiful in the art preservative look to Vc Olde 
 Booke Man for choicest specimens with which to grace their library shelves. The value of many of these rare old 
 tomes is inestimable, and money could not buy some of the volumes which owe their creation to centuries past, 
 and which are treasured by their possessors. One of the leaders in the catering to the bibliophile is William A. 
 Phillips, known all over the United States as \'e Olde Booke Man, who has been instrumental in rescuing many rare old 
 volumes from the garbage pile and placing them in the hands of those who would prize them. The business was 
 established by Mr. Phillips at No. 385 Washington Street in 1887, but the growth in demand .and the vast accumu- 
 lation of stock necessitated a removal to larger and more commodious quarters. In 189'.), No. 20 West .Mohawk 
 Street was secured, two floors of the store being occupied, each 25 x 45 feet surface, where is displ.ayed one of the 
 largest stock of old and rare volumes to be seen anywhere, numbering more than 20,000. Mr. Phillips has regular 
 customers all over the United States, from Maine to California, with a larger number in Chicago than any other 
 city in the country. To some of his customers Mr. Phillips has not infrequently sold books not to be found any- 
 where else in the United States and which it was thought impossible to obtain. Among the volumes in Mr. 
 Phillips' stores are a number of the rarest and most expensive in the world, many of which cannot be duplicated. 
 He also has costly editions of Dickens, Thackeray, and Hugo, as well as those of the leading authors, poets, 
 historians, and playwriters of the past century. He makes a specialty of town and county histories, genealogies, 
 and is always ready to buy any volumes treating on these subjects. Anything relating to Indians is also sought by 
 him and his collection on this subject is one of the finest in the country. Mr. Phillips is one of the best posted men 
 in his line in the country and his reputation as a collector and dealer is without an equal. 
 
 J. GEORGE NUSSBAUMER. —Photographer. 
 
 For nearly thirty years J. George Nussbaumer has been a leader among the artist photographers of Buffalo. 
 His reputation for the very" best class of work extends far beyond the territory from which he derives constant 
 patronage. It is attested in a very high degree by his prominence in the councls of the Photographers' .Associa- 
 tion of America, of which he served two terms as Secretary. He was its Vice-President in 1002, and during the 
 vear 1903 filled with great honor and ability the exalted position of President. He has been selected by the 
 association to act as one of the jury of Review and Selection of photographs offered for exhibition at the World s 
 Fair at St. Louis, in 1904. His studio and working gallery are at 500 Main Street. 
 
 EDWARD F. HALL. — Photographer. 
 
 Combining technical skill and artistic taste in the highest degree Edward F Hall has secured in public estima- 
 tion the most prominent place among the best photographers of rwentieth Century Buffalo. His unique and 
 most at'raT4 Virginia Street atelier h\s produced some of the most beautiful specimens of the photographic art 
 Zl .U hts oroductions are of the very highest class. Many of the half-tone portraus reproduced in this issue of 
 
 d all his productions are of the very highest c ass ->'any u, ..... .^... '"', '"I, frTr" " ,u„,.s,fu, 
 
 1 vVENTiETH Century Buffalo were posed and photographed "by Hall. Mr. Hall has been vcrj succcsslul 
 in producing strong artistic effects in his photographic portraiture work. 
 
210 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 ROBERT DENTON. 
 Senior Partner, Denton, Cottier & Daniels until iiis deatii, July S.Sd, 190.5. (See page Hi.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 211 
 
 ROBERT DENTON (Deceased). 
 
 Robert Denton was selected to represent in Twentieth Century Bi;kfai,o the musical interests and the 
 music trade of Buffalo, with which he had been prominently identified for more than half a century. To the deep 
 regret, not only of a large circle of music-loving friends but also of thousands of his fellow citizens, liy whom he 
 was most highly esteemed, both in business and private life, he died quite suddenly nf apoplexy, July 23, IWO, 
 aged 77 years. The half-tone portrait which appears on the preceding page was made from a pholog'rapli taken 
 in Mr. Denton's office a few weeks before his death. Mr. Denton was born in England, Kebruary 27, lS2i'., an.l 
 when a mere boy came to Buffalo and was educated in the public schools. He was always deeply interested in 
 music, was an accomplished musician, and from his early manhood took an active part in the musical developmenis 
 of the city. He entered the employment of James D. Sheppard, in his music store in 1847, ticcoming, in IHfiS, 
 with Hugh Cottier and Mr. Sheppard an associate in the firm of Sheppard, Cottier & Company. In 1807, .Mr. 
 Sheppard retired, the firm becoming Denton & Cottier. Mr. Cottier died in 1878, his interest in the business 
 being retained by Mrs. Kate Cottier. In 1887, William H. Daniels, who had been for several years in the employ 
 of Denton & Cottier, was admitted to p.-irtnership, the title of the firm being changed to Denton, Cottier & 
 Daniels, Mr. Denton being the senior partner until his death. 
 
 DENTON, COTTIER cK: DANIELS. — Pianos, Etc. 
 
 Upon the death of Mr. R ibert Denton (see preceding notice) his interests in the business were purchased by 
 the surviving partners, with the right to continue the firm name of Denton, Cottier & Daniels, under the manage- 
 ment of William H. Daniels. (See page 54, Part One.) Since Mr. Daniels became an active factor in the affairs of 
 the concern the business has continuously increased in volume and extended in its character. The old-time 
 melodeons and cabinet organs have passed out of date and good pianos at reasonable prices are in ilcmanil in their 
 stead. Twenty years ago musical instruments were imported l)y the firm in large numbers, to-day better and 
 cheaper instruments of almost every kind, except violins, of American make, have the preference. Even the once 
 famous Swiss musical boxes are superseded, those of home manufacture being in every way superior, to say nothing 
 of the fine American ieolians and pianolos, which are infinitely better as seif-players. In general musical supplies 
 and sheet music, Denton, Cottier & Daniels do a very large trade, but the leading business of the firm is in pianos 
 of approved makes, graded in style and finish, of course, to suit the pocketbooks of their custon;ers. With a 
 managing partner like Mr. Daniels, who, in addition to demonstrating his commercial fitness, was thought 
 trustworthv enough to be elected County Treasurer, it is not to be wondereil at that the firm is respected and not 
 only very extensively patronized at home but has many customers in surrounding territory. 
 
 GEORGE F. HEDGE, SON & COMP.\NY. — High-Gradf. Pianos, Organs, Etc. 
 
 To the music lover and admirer of fine musical instruments the firm of George F. Hedge, Son & Company is 
 a familiar one. For more than a score of years "Hedge's" has been recognized as headquarters for those who 
 appreciate the best make of musical instruments, and the homes of the best people in Western New Vork are 
 graced bv standard pianos and organs which came through their hands. This reliable house was established in 
 1882 bv George F. Hedge, at No. 19 West Mohawk Street, where it remained for about eight years. It was then 
 removed to its present location, No. 577 Main Street, .\bout that time, Mr. George T. M. Tilden was taken 
 into the firm. The name of the concern becoming George F. Hedge, Son & Company, and comprised George F. 
 Hed«e, his son James S. Hedge, and George T. M. Tilden. The business since the very start has proved a 
 successful one and the house to-day stands at the front of their line in this section of the Enipire State. George 
 F Hedge Son & Company are extensive dealers in high-grade pianos, making a leading specialty of the Brailliury, 
 Henning Weber, Krauich, and Baeh & Crown. They are also agents in Western New Vork for the Simplex 
 Piano Player for which they have a very large sale. A large part of their extensive trade is local, although they 
 have many customers in Rochester, Dunkirk, Niagara Falls, Lockport, and other points in the vicinity of Buffalo. 
 This conipanv does a large renting business and have many instruments in use on that system. They sell on easy 
 payments and this fact brings them a large trade. They carry in stock and at rental, one of the largest line of 
 musical instruments of any firm between New York and Chicago, and it is all high grade. A large business in 
 renairintr and tuning is also done. The premises occupied comprise a handsome four-story brick block .and 
 basement fitted with every modern convenience and stocked with the finest makes of musical instruments and musical 
 merchandise The several floors are 100 x 30 feet in size, and ten skilled assistants are employed. 1 he members 
 of this Stirling house are natives of Twentieth Century Buffalo, and progressive, practical, and successful business 
 men. The firm occupies high rank among the solid business institutions of the city. 
 
 J. \. SHERIDAN. — Pianos. 
 
 \ leading piano house of Twentieth Century Buffalo is that conducted at No. 90 Niagara Street, by ^lr. J. A. 
 SheHdan who has been in the piano business during all his active life, and is thoroughly conversant with all is 
 S He established the enterprise at his present location four years ago, and has from the start been highly 
 details. "*= Ji^'J'^ "f" . J ■ ^ ^ measure to the high-grade instruments carried, and his honorable methmls. 
 successful. His success. s due n great extends throughout the entire city and surrounding districts. 
 
 V Udt in ChluLumia^ai^ cfttaraugis counties. .Mr. Sheridan is sole agent for the Wegman and other 
 C;ral^"nosan^every Instrument sold by him is guaranteed perfect in every respect. He is well known as 
 onl ;f Buffa"^"" r^ost enterprising business men, and stands high in both social and mercantile circles. 
 
212 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURV BUFFALO. 
 
 WILLIAM SCOTT. 
 
 Formerly President of the National Society of American Florists and Superintendent of Floriculture 
 at the Pan-American Exposition, 1901. (See page 2VS.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. .^y^ 
 
 WILLIAM SCOTT. 
 
 .r;.I!lV'Trf°" °^ ^^?"''"" ^T"''' ^ fl""<=»"»"5< is international. For years he has been a le.adcr amnnR the 
 h^.u t^. , P"°P°g!^'."''^' <^™'b'.">"g a practical knowledge with artistic sentiment and a deep love for the 
 beautiful m nature, desinng at all times while following natural laws in flower cultivation, to assist nature in pro- 
 ducing the most beautiful results. He has thought and labored in this attractive field for manv years, wilh Ituffalo 
 as his headquarters. He has been President of the National Society of .\merican Florists,' .and his magnificent 
 ^"^^t 1 Pan American Exposition, as Superintendent of Floriculture, won for him unbounded approbation 
 both from the public and those prominent in his profession. He has extensive greenhouses at the comer of Main 
 and Balcom streets, but his principal floral and shrubbery supply comes from his great establishment al Corfu, N. V., 
 where he cultivates twelve acres of land and has over fiO.OOO feet of greenhouse accommodation. Mr. ScotI has 
 Ijeen most successful m imposing methods and effects in landscape gardening as well as in the cultivation and 
 development of the flowers and shrubbery for out-of-door ailornment. His products are In demand all over the 
 country. 
 
 L. H. NEUBECK.— Florist. 
 
 What L. H. Neubeck does not know about the care and cultivation of flowers few others have learned. For 
 twenty-four years he was manager of the florist establishment of \Vm. Scott and six years ago established a 
 business of his own, bringing to the new venture not only a love of flowers but an inexhaustive knowledge of the 
 business that puts him in the front rank of Buffalo florists and growers. In the four years that Mr. Neubeck 
 has been engaged in the business he lias made a host of patrons, not only here but all over this and .adjoining 
 States, many orders coming from New York City and beyond. He conducts a general florist business, trading 
 both by wholesale and retail, but makes a specialty of pot-grown plants and bulbs, his collection embracing some 
 of the finest plants and bulbs in the country. He has the largest bulb business in the city and in all things is a 
 successful grower and dealer. He also gives attention to floral designs and decorations, and is considered one of 
 the most artistic designers in the city, some of his handiwork being very unique and beautiful and all of them arc 
 appropriate, whether intended to grace a dinner, cheer a wedding party, or to do honor to the dead. As a florist, 
 Mr. Neubeck occupies as high a place as any man in the city and is a useful and popular citizen. His place of 
 business is located at the corner of Main and High streets, where he has just erected very extensive greenhouses 
 and display rooms. 
 
 C. D. ZIMMERMAN. — Nursery and Greenhouse. 
 
 C. D. Zimmerman is the leading man in his line of business in Buffalo, in which he makes a specialty of land- 
 scape garden work. The branch of Mr. Zimmerman's business at No. .50 West Chippewa Street was established six 
 years ago. His is the oldest establishment of the kind in Buffalo, having been established in 1849 as the Pine Hill 
 Nurseries. He does a large wholesale and retail business, extending all over the country, having customers as far 
 w-est as California. Mr. Zimmerman did much of the floral work at the Pan-American Exposition, and had the 
 largest individual bed there. He received two diplomas from the Exposition Company, one for bulbs and one for 
 annuals. The residence and greenhouses of Mr. Zimmerman are at 131 Norwood Avenue. He deals in cut 
 flowers, trees, vines, shrubs, and plants and does decorating work. He employs from twenty to fifty persons, 
 according to the season. He has twelve horses and wagons that are kept busy in the hurry and bustle of his large 
 business. The large and varied products of his greenhouses find ready sale. Mr. Zimmerman has a very large 
 trade in every branch of his business — in trees, in vines, in plants, shrubs, and flowers. He excels in landscape 
 gardening work and his services are much in demand for the work, and as a transplanter and a landscape architect 
 he enjoys a reputation coextensive with the boundaries of America. He is a student, and as a writer on floricul- 
 ture and arborculture has established an enviable reputation. Mr. Zimmerman is a thoroughly reliable and capable 
 dealer and operator, and is eminently worthy of the great patronage extended to him. 
 
 RACHEL M. REBSTOCK.— Florist. 
 
 One of the largest stocks of flowers in the city is carried in the fine large store of Rachel M. Rebstock, at No. 
 614 Main Street, which is one of the latest of Main Street enterprises. It was established in November, 1901, in its 
 present location. The business is all retail and is with the city and the surrounding towns. Rachel M. Rebstock 
 conducts a general florist business in all branches, employs five persons and occupies a store 20 x 100 feet in size. 
 She has on hand in all seasons a large stock of cut and uncut flowers. The store opened with a large trade, which 
 has had a steady growth ever since, receiving a liberal share of the patronage of the flower-loving and flower. buying 
 public. Miss Rebstock is an ardent lover of flowers, which she has studied for years. She has an intimate 
 knowledge of the different varieties and their care. Many of the heaviest buyers of flowers in the city and vicinity 
 are her patrons and the stock in her store is always large, beautiful, and well displayed. Bufl'alo is a great and 
 growing city. Its flower trade has experienced a remarkable growth in recent years, and without a doubt it will 
 continue to increase indefinitely. Miss Rebstock is a dealer with whom it is a pleasure to trade and her help 
 are always courteous and prompt. 
 
214 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 STORE OF T. & E. DICKINSON & COMPANY. 
 
 Jewelers, etc., 2b4 Main Street, Buffalo. N. Y. (See page 215.1 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 215 
 
 F. F. RICK & COMPANY. —Specialties. 
 
 One of the most unique and attractive establishments of Twentieth Century Buffalo is that of F. F Kick & 
 Company. It ,s "a novelty store" m the best sense of the term, being always well stocked with the novelties in 
 cut-rent demand. For example, when the rage for beadwork set in, a very large and splendid assortment of beads 
 and an the accompaniments promptly made its appearance, consequently Rick's became the head.|uarters for beads 
 in Buffalo. In the same way, all the requirements for pyrography were provided for. At Kick's are always to 
 be found an extensive display of a great variety of useful and ornamental goods, such as basketry, bisque and 
 china ware, pottery and leather. A specialty is also made <,f gas lighting, automobile and bicyle supplLs, bar 
 goods, h. t. Rick, the Manager of the concern, is a worthy representative of the younger class of Buffalo's 
 progressive citizens. 
 
 A. HAEFNER. — Fine Art Store. 
 
 Among the business houses which are worthy of special mention in this record of Twentieth Century Buffalo 
 is that of A. Haefner, a leader among the art stores of the citv and which has a meritorious record of half a cen- 
 tury to its credit. This business was established in 1850 by Francis Haefner, father of the present proprietor, at 
 No. 222 Ellicott Street, and after that for thirteen years at the northeast corner of Main and Mohawk streets. The 
 business grew rapidly, the reputation for excellence of work extending beyond local limits. In 1887, Miss Anna 
 Haefner succeeded to the business and established the present store at No. 49 East Genesee Street, comprising 
 some 1,000 square feet of floor surface. She added to the reputation already made for the house, and the trade 
 grew to large proportions. Miss Haefner carries one of the largest stocks of art goods in the city, a specialty being 
 made of etchings, steel engravings, water colors, and Catholic books. The making of picture frames is also a 
 feature, and in this line a force of competent workmen are employed. Artistic framing to order is a marked 
 specialty. Miss Haefner's rule is to handle goods of the finest quality only, and her prices are such that no other 
 house in the same line can compete. She is a very popular business woman .and highly regarded in the commer- 
 cial world. 
 
 L. HEEMAN. — Kensington Art School. 
 
 The beautiful in art appeals to everyone. The art illustrator is a benefactor of the human race. There are 
 but few homes which are not made attractive in some way by the pencil or needle. Twentieth Century Buffalo 
 ranks high among the cities in which the beautiful in art is appreciated. Among the high-art institutions which 
 have made this city famous is that of Miss L. Heeman's Kensington Art School, at No. 22 West Mohawk Street. 
 This talented lady has a high reputation as a teacher, which extends throughout Western New York. Her pupils 
 are legion, and there are few of the beautiful homes in this section where specimens of the handwork from her 
 establishment are not to be found. Miss Heemaii established her Art School in 1888 on Clinton Street, but so 
 rapidly did the demand for her exquisite work grow, that a more commodious studio became a necessity. She, 
 therefore, decided to remove to No. 22 West Mohawk Street, a very desirable location. In this handsome store, 
 which has a floor space of 25 x 100, the Kensington Art .School is popular and flourishing. The extent of the de- 
 mands on Miss Heeman for her time and services is a gratifying tribute to her competence. She combines busi- 
 ness ability with a thorough knowledge of applied art, and has built up a large wholesale and retail trade in her 
 line. A number of skilled embroiderers and artists are employed and the extent of tlie territory covered by her 
 requires the constant care of an efficient traveling agent, who attends solely to the demands of out-of-town patrons. 
 A specialty is made of embroidery and dress trimmings, French accordian jileating, ]ioint, duchess, and Arabian 
 laces, and in these lines Miss Heeman holds a position second to none in her line. Her patrons comprise the best 
 people of Buffalo and Western New York. Miss Heeman is a factor in the prosperity of Twentieth Century Buf- 
 falo, to which her Kensington Art School is a great credit. 
 
 T. AND E. DICKINSON & COMPANY. —Jewelers, Silversmiths, Etc. 
 
 The oldest jewelry establishment in Twentieth Century Buffalo is that of T. and E. Dickinson & Company, 
 which is also one of the leading dealers in this line of business in this country. This sterling house was established 
 in 1849 by Thomas Dickinson on the site opposite the new Hengerer Company's building, above Lafayette Square, 
 where a large business was built up. In 1865, the handsome five-story brick building, 25 x 132 feet in dimensions, 
 at No. 254 Main Street, was purchased, and in the year following Mrs. Elizabeth Dickinson became a partner, the 
 firm becoming T. and E. Dickinson. In 1892, Mr. Alfred II. Dickinson was admitted and the present title, 
 T. and E. Dickinson & Company, was adopted. The store is one of the handsomest in the city and its appointments 
 are fully in keeping with the character of the building. The choice stock comprises the most carefully selected 
 and most elegant goods of every description in their line, including jewelry, gold and silverware of the most 
 artistic designs and the best workmanship, diamonds and other precious stones, mounted and unmounted, watches 
 of the finest makes engraved in all styles, cut glass, statuary, pottery, bronzes, and rare bric-a-brac. The trade is 
 retail exclusively and a large force of experienced and courteous clerks is employed to care for patrons. In the 
 rear of the store are the shops in which a large amount of manufacturing on orders is done. Here twenty skilled 
 manufacturing jewelers and smiths are employed. Jewelry is manufactured to order in any style desired ; 
 monograms, crests, and initials are engraved ; diamonds and other precious stones are mounted ; while a specialty 
 is made of repairing fine clocks and watches. 
 
216 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO'. 
 
 FRANK P. NUSE. — Watchmaker, Jeweler, Etc. 
 
 Frank P. Nuse, one of the long-established Buffalo dealers in Elgin watches, clocks, jewelry, silverware, etc., 
 has a well-equipped store at No. 47 Genesee Street, where he carries a full line of watches, jewelry, diamonds, and 
 American cut glass, and makes a specialty of fine repairing. He also does manufacturing to order, and in every 
 branch of his business he has an extensive and growing patronage. His regular trade is large and he has a 
 considerable transient custom. He employs competent assistants, and any customer may always be assured of 
 courteous and fair treatment at his store. Mr. Nuse has been in this line of trade for nearly forty years, having 
 started in the business at Titusville, Pa., in 1863. He came to Buffalo in 1887 and opened a store on Seneca 
 Street, which was burned out, necessitating his removal to 301 Main Street, where he remained for three years. 
 Later he occupied the premises No. 397 Main Street, from which he removed to Connecticut Street He was also 
 at No. 601 Main Street before occupying his present quarters. He makes a specialty of filling oculists' 
 prescriptions and in the fitting of glasses. 
 
 FRISCH BROTHERS. —Jewelers and Opticians. 
 
 Skilled opticians occupy a position in society second only to skilled physicians. In dealing with them, great 
 care must be taken to secure those whose skill is beyond doubt and whose name means high-grade work and first- 
 class material only. In these respects Frisch Brothers, located at No. 443 Genesee Street, fill the bill to 
 perfection. This firm, which is comprised of Fred and Gustav Frisch, was established in 1897. Both gentlemen, 
 who are skilled opticians, give their personal supervision and careful attention to prescriptions prepared by oculists. 
 This line, as well as in repairing glasses and optical goods, they make a specialty. They also carry a large and 
 choice stock of diamonds, watches, clocks, silverware, and fine jewelry, and all goods which go to make up a 
 first-class establishment of this kind. They occupy a handsome store, 20x50 feet in size and finely furnished. 
 Their trade extends not only throughout the city but reaches into Pennsylvania and Ohio. Two skilled assistants 
 are kept busy attending to the large business which has grown up as the result of the energy, ability, and honorable 
 dealing of the founders. The members of this sterling firm are well and favorably known both in the commercial 
 and social world. 
 
 A. H. HOYLER. — Watches, Diamonds, and Fine Jewelry, Etc. 
 
 One of the best-known jewelry establishments in Buffalo is that of Mr. A. H. Hoyler, at No. 287 East Genesee 
 Street, who since he succeeded to the business some five years ago has forced the trade to the front with wonderful 
 energy and ability. This store was established in 1862 by Charles P. Henn and ever since has been known as a 
 popular store in diamonds, watches, and jewelry. In 1898, Mr. Hoyler, a skilled jeweler and watchmaker, pur- 
 chased the establishment and proceeded to infuse modern ideas into the business. He carries a large stock of 
 diamonds, watches, and jewelry, and a fine array of gems is always to be found in his show cases. A specialty is 
 made of watch and jewelry repairing, and in this line Mr. Hoyler is conceded to be an expert. No watch difficulty 
 is too intricate for his skilled fingers, and no piece of jewelry too fine for his expert talent. A separate department 
 is maintained for the filling of oculists' prescriptions, and in this line Mr. Hoyler is accounted most proficient. 
 No prescription is too difficult for him, and in the grinding of lenses for the eyes he has a complete and well- 
 equipped plant. His stock of diamonds, watches, and jewelry is large and valuable, and the gems displayed in 
 rings, brooches, pendants, and charms, set solitaire and in clusters, is as fine as any in the city. Mr. Hoyler is 
 one of the best-known men in Buffalo, not only in trade circles but in social and club life. He is a member of 
 several organizations, and in all of them he is a leading spirit and very popular.- In commercial circles he is 
 accounted a progressive and reliable merchant, whose integrity has never been questioned and whose ability is 
 freely acknowledged. 
 
 JOHN WAGNER. — Schwartz Ui'tical Company. 
 
 The Schwartz Optical Company is one of the leading firms in its line in this city, and, although practically a 
 new comer to Twentieth Century Buffalo, has already established an enviable reputation for fair dealing, high-class 
 work and prompt filling of orders. The business is conducted by John Wagner, who is familiar by long experience 
 with every requirement of the optical arL He was formerly located in Utica, but came to Buffalo in 1901, locating 
 in the fine store Nos. 152-1.54 East Genesee Street, near Oak Street. This store is 20 x 60 feet on the ground and 
 covers about 2,400 square feet. Competent and skilled employees assist the proprietor in supplying the needs of the 
 patrons of the company. Among the customers of this house many are men prominent in financial, business, social, 
 and private life, including several county and city officials, who use glasses supplied by this establishment, and 
 customers are treated from all over the State of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Canada. The reputation of 
 the Schwartz Optical House has also extended as far west as the Pacific slope and an order was recently received 
 from California. A specialty is made of prescriptions and work requiring the greatest care, although a particular 
 line is made in the cheaper style of spectacles. One line of which there is a special feature made is the one dollar 
 spectacles, which, despite their low price, are strictly first-class, the lenses being equal to the higher-priced goods 
 in the market. Mr. Wagner, proprietor of the Schwartz Optical Company, is a thoroughly experienced optician 
 and conversant with all the details of the business. He can be found at his office every evening and on Sundays 
 from 7 to 9 A. M. Isadore Wagner, a son of Mr. Wagner, is his most valued assistant and aids in all repairing 
 and manufacturing. Although but nineteen years old, he has invented a device which is of great value to woman- 
 kind, in the shape of a sewing clamp which will hold any article or garment to table or machine, thus avoiding the 
 cramped and unhealthful position ordinarily taken when holding the cloth on the lap while sewing. It is a simple 
 and durable device, long needed by housewives and seamstresses for use in hand-sewing or ripping, for embroidery 
 or plaiting work. Its usefulness will be appreciated in every household. It costs but little and has already a large 
 sale. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 21] 
 
 DEPARTMENT STORES, MILLINERY, AND CLOTHING. 
 
 THE WILLIAM HENGERF:R COMPANY DEPARTMKM blUKE. 
 
 The establisliment of William Hengerer Company, BufTalo's great department store, Is a giant institution which 
 interests nearly every home in Buffalo and for many miles around. The retail trans.-iction of this great tirm, 
 ranging from a single cent to hundreds or thousands of dollars, amount annually to a gooil many millions. The 
 business was started in 1859 by Sherman & Barnes. In 1805, Mr. W. G. Bancroft was admitted to the firm, 
 which then became known as Barnes & Bancroft, continuing until 1874, when Mr. William Ilengcrer was 
 admitted as a partner, the firm name being changed to Barnes, Bancroft & Company. After the death of Mr. W. 
 G. Bancroft, in 1885, the firm became Barnes, Hengerer S: Company. This continued for eleven years, until the 
 death of the senior partner, Mr. J. C. Barnes. The trade at that time had become so extensive that it was decided 
 to organize it into a stock company, with the present title. The William Hengerer Company. The business had 
 increased to about $5,000,000 a year from a starting point of i|i'200,000. The present oflicers of the company arc : 
 President, William Hengerer; Vice-President, Charles A. Hengerer; Secretary, John A. Hengerer; Treasurer, 
 Edward L. Hengerer. The store of Barnes, Hengerer & Comjiany, together with its contents, was destroyed by 
 fire in the winter of 1887-88, in\'olving a loss of hundreds of thousands of dollars. The present fine structure was 
 promptly erected and stocked, and the great business of the firm went forward as usual. There is not to-day a 
 more widely known or popular firm in Buffalo in any branch of trade. It is unnecessary to describe the great 
 variety of goods carried by a great department store, ranging from a stick of candy, a button, or a spool of thre,id 
 to the most expensive sealskin wrap or imported laces, rugs, and carpetings. William Hengerer, the head of 
 the company, is a liberal, public-spirited citizen, who is constantly on the lookout for an opportunity to please the 
 customers and to benefit the employees. Mr. Hengerer is an efficient and valuable president of the Park Board 
 and his opinions on public questions are at all times of value. He never fails to support a public enterprise of 
 merit. By the application of the soundest principles, untiring energy, a thorough knowledge of the needs of the 
 people, and by fair and honorable dealing with all. The William Hengerer Company has attaineil a proud eminence 
 of mercantile achievement and established a reputation in the world of trade that is more enduring and more to be 
 desired than riches. The wholesale business of this firm is large antl covers the entire line of dry goods, notions, 
 underwear, etc. This branch of the company's trade extends over a wide territory. The company is building an 
 extensive structure on the site of the Titft House Hotel, on Main Street, above Lafayette Square, which will \>e 
 occupied early in 1904. 
 
 H. R. KENYON COMPANY. — Millinery ami Ummkki.l.^s. 
 
 One of the handsomest stores in this city, and one which ranks high among the business enterprises of Twentieth 
 Century Buffalo, is that of the H. R. Kenvon Company, which is located at No. 500 Main Street. The house was 
 established in 1889 by H. R. Kenyon, at Nos. 270 and 272 Main Street, where a large busmess was created. In 
 1898 the firm removed to the store now occupied by the H. A. Meldrum Company, ownmg and operatmg the 
 Millinery Department in connection with that well-known house. A very large business was dime in this location, 
 until February, 1902, when the handsome and commodious store, at No. 500 Mam Street, was secured I'<-'re a 
 very large retail business in fine millinery is done, extending over an extensive area, comprising not only Buffalo 
 but all the adjoining territory. In addition to the large stock of fine millinery and milliners specialties, an 
 immense and varied stock of umbrellas of all kinds, styles, and prices is carried. The business is strictly retail. 
 Some of the handsomest designs in the shape of umbrellas and parasols may be found in this stock. The store 
 occupies 25 x 120 feet on the ground and is filled to repletion with the choicest line of foreign ami domestic goods 
 of the finest quality and most delicate and latest styles, a magnificent selection being provided. A force ol lorty- 
 five skilled assistants are kept constantly at work on orders and attending to customers. Mr. ^<=">;"' '* ^ 
 progressive, successful, business man, with a wide experience and a thorough knowledge of every detail in his 
 chosen line. His reputation as a buyer is unquestioned, while his courteous and honorable treatment of patrons 
 has brought him a gratifying and deservedly large trade. 
 
 M. A. CONLEY. — Fine French Millinery. 
 
 Sixteen years ago. Miss M. A. Conley established her elegant millinery parlors at No 252 Allen Street Being 
 an aruteofunexcepdonal talent and of remarkably good taste, she rapidly built up a ""^•■'«^;"'°"K. ''^ .^^''^^ 
 select society of the city and vicinity, and her business has grown to most gratifying proportions Her pa rons 
 "mpr se the best dress'ed and wealihiest women throughout Western New- York. P^"^;^; ■'"-•-'' V''^;^,;^"; 
 a few of her best customers reside in New York City. Her millinery parlors are elegantly fitted up, »'. J'l^^y' 
 stocked with the largest and finest lines of the season in hats and bonnets and imported and domestic "' "'"^ ° 
 be ound in this Statl embracing exquisitely-trimmed shapes of the very ''''-V'-'%'ort''nTem or, Tui" birds- 
 prevailing fashions in Paris, London, and New York. She also carries a very '^ f.f^^^'' ^"Vold T th^- i os, 
 feathers," flowers, silks, satins, ribbons, laces, shapes, trimmings, in f'' '• ^ ?Oth-ng '" ^ f"^";^ j'^",^7,, 7,^ 
 
 addition to being an artiste of merit, is a practical business woman. P^f-'^^f^;"'' .'-""8«''^- ^'"= "'^"'"''y 
 popular in the social world and enjoys the warm personal frien<lship of a very large circle. 
 
218 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 WILLIAM A. RIX. 
 
 Tailor and Importer. (See page 219.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 219 
 
 LOUIS C. HOHL. — Dry Goods, Notions, Etc. 
 
 Louis C. Hohl, No. 356 Connecticut Street, dealer in dry goods, notions, and men's furnishing ({"ods, is one 
 of the best-known business men of Buffalo. His high standing m the communilv is evidenced liy the f.ncl that he 
 recently served with much credit as back tax collector of the city. The business 'of Mr. Hohl was established in 
 1883 at the present location. He conducts a retail trade only, and has customers in all parts of the citv. His 
 stock of dry goods, notions, and gentlemen's furnishings is very large, and is scarcely excelled west of Main 
 Street. His fine new store, recently erected, is well lighted, commodious, and finely arranged for the display of a 
 large and well chosen stock. Mr. Hohl probably has the largest patronage of any of the numerous and important 
 mercantile establishments of Connecticut Street. 
 
 C. F. ADAMS COMPANY. —C^SH Price Credit Installment Store. 
 
 The C. F. Adams Company's credit store, at No. 832 Main Street, is a notable Buffalo institution which serves 
 many thousands of patrons. It was established twenty-five years ago and the present company was incorjioratcd 
 in 1891. It is a low-price store, where is sold stylish reliable wearing apparel for men, wimien, and children. 
 While everything from a hat to shoes are handled, specialties of the house are ladies' tailor-made suits, skirts, 
 waists, jackets, capes, etc. All these things are sold on special credit at low prices. The company undertakes to 
 get for a customer any goods desired if they do not happen to have the articles in stock. The qualities are good 
 and the terms of payment easy. The company, which occupies a store '25 x 100 feet in size, have been at No. 
 83*2 Main Street about three years. The C. F. .-^dams Company make a specialty of giving credit on the 
 installment plan. They employ thirty-five agents for this branch, and have an enormous and increasing trade 
 throughout the city and surrounding towns. They have stores in thirty different cities and the house is one of the 
 largest concerns of the kind in the world. The stock in the Buffalo store is very large and complete, and includes 
 all kinds of fashionable wearing apparel for men, women, and children, and a great variety of goods for household 
 use and ornament. A. H. Landis, who has charge of the Buffalo establishment is a model manager, lie is a 
 polished gentleman and a thorough and accomplished man of business. 
 
 WILLIAM A. RIX. — lAiLdR anli Imi'ORTEr. 
 
 For many years lower Main Street was the business center of Buffalo, and it was there that the leading 
 merchants iii various lines conducted their affairs, and prospered. For nearly seventy years the best-dressed 
 society and business men obtained their clothes at the lailormg establishment located at No. 35 and 37 Main Street. 
 For more than twenty-five years this business was conducted by William A. Rix, and his handsomely-equipped 
 store was the Mecca for Buflalonians who pride themselves on their neat appearance. The recent rapid progress 
 of trade up town, however, demanded that he keep pace with it, and Mr. Rix was forced to succumb to the north- 
 ward movement. March, 1903, he decided to remove his business to the new Root Building, at G30 Main Street, 
 where he is now to be found, and where he maintains the high reputation for fine domestic .and imported goods, 
 high-class workmanship, perfect fit, and straight dealing that has ever characterized his establishment. Any man 
 wearing clothing "built by Rix" may be assured that his garments are thoroughly well made, fit as they should, 
 and are of the best material which the most reputable mills at home and abroad can turn out. Rix has no tricks. 
 He is always fair dealing and a pastmaster in all branches of the art sartorial. 
 
 F. C. PRIES. — Merchant Tailor. 
 
 One of the leading merchant tailors in Twentieth Century Buffalo is F. C. Pries, who for the past eighteen years 
 has furnished the best-dressed men in Buffalo with their outer clothing. In 1885, Mr. Pries modestly established 
 himself as a merchant tailor at No. 165 Main Street, in the famous Mansion House block, and smce that time has 
 steadily advanced in public estimation until to-day he ranks as the most artistic maker of men's clothing on the 
 Niagara Frontier. His business has grown until it now embraces not only the most fastidious and best-groomed 
 men in Buffalo but the careful dressers of all the surrounding towns. Mr. Pries carries a stock of seasonable 
 fabrics of both foreign and domestic weaves, and cuts all garments in the latest Kngbsh or American styles, as 
 preferred by the customer. No new fashion or weave but is to be found in this establishment and in all things 
 that go to make up the perfect merchant tailoring establishment that of Mr. Pries takes the lead. A lorce ot 
 skillful cutters and careful makers are at all times kept employed, and no garment is permitted to bear his trade 
 mark that is not found to be superior to that of any similar establishment in the coiintry. Mr. Pries customers all 
 claim that his work is not "just as good as any." but that it is unquestionably '■ better 'han »ny. ^h and his 
 reputation it will readily be understood that not only as a tailor but as a citizen Mr. Pries siands very high, and his 
 friends are legion. 
 
 IROQUOIS TAILORING COMPANY. 
 
 Work that will suit the most fastidious, prices that will f"i^«^'"y';°''y' ''[f '•''^ 'l":'t':7i!""^;?;;^^^^^^^^ 
 made the Iroquois Tailoring Company one of the most popular tn its me. '/=).^ ^J^.^y '^f! '";!.,„ ^l, 
 reaches beyond the limits of Twentieth Century Buffalo and extends all over the country. The concern was 
 e"abl he7" 1893 by W. Friedman, proprietor! at No. 385 Washington Street, "VTm,tnv'"catTs^lv ."the 
 necessitated removal to more commodious and convenient quarters. The Iroquois Company caters only to the 
 
 (Continued on page 221.) 
 
220 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 
 ■if*.; ; : I 
 
 One of the most prominent clothing houses of the city is that of C. A. Weed & Co., located at Nos. 416-418 
 Main Street, established in 1900 as a branch of the Binghamton firm of the same name, in direct charge of 
 Robert S. Weed, a son of C. A. Weed, who founded the Binghamton manufactory some thirty-eight years ago. 
 The firm occupies its own building, constructed especially for the clothing business, and during its short 
 existence in Buffalo has made an enviable name for itself. Selling dependable goods at reasonable prices explains 
 C. A. Weed & Co. 's success. Some idea of C. A. Weed & Co. 's business tenets can best be obtained by 
 quoting from some of the literature they issue. An excerpt says: "This is a reliable store. We sell dependable 
 goods at reasonable prices and guarantee to satisfy you. If you ever buy anything here that is disappointing, 
 bring it back and your money is promptly refunded. It is our policy to keep track of our goods and to remedy 
 any defect in merchandise or adjust any dissatisfaction that may arise in dealing with us. The fact that we 
 can afford to pursue such a course shows the excellent character of the goods we sell. Few stores, we imagine, 
 would either care or dare to investigate after the goods are once out of stock and the money in the cash drawer. 
 What we want is satisfied customers. We want you to feel security in dealing with us. We appreciate your 
 trade too much to be careless of your good will. If we do not hold your custom it won't be for want of an 
 earnest effort to serve you well." A firm that lives up to these ideas, as do C. A. Weed & Co., certainly deserves 
 the success they are achieving. The first floor of the store is devoted to an extensive display of men's suits, hats, 
 and furnishings ; the second floor is filled with children's wear ; and the third floor is taken up with dress clothes, 
 overcoats, raincoats, topcoats, and separate trousers. Albert F. Haass is manager of the store and is assisted by a 
 large force of clever and painstaking salesmen. One of the noticeable things about C. A. Weed & Co.'s store is 
 the spirit of fairness and liberality that is such an important factor in making a store a pleasant place to trade. 
 Evidences of this spirit ate seen in every department, and at the rate the firm is progressing it will not be long 
 before they outstrip all other Buffalo houses in their line. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 221 
 
 best class of patrons and only the highest-grade workmen are employed, and .he equipments of the shop are com- 
 plete. The best-dressed men m Buffalo, leaders ,n commercial and professional circles, wear suits made bv the 
 Iroquois Tadormg Company. They are superior in fit, in quality of goods, an.l in workmanship. Mr. Friolman 
 IS thoroughly representative of the successful man. Aggressive in his business methods, honorable in all hi, deal- 
 ings, punctilious as to the fulhllment of every contract made, prompt to fulfill promises made. Mr. Frie<lman has 
 won for himself a reputation which is as gratifying as it is deserved. The Iroquois Tailoring Company now 
 occupies a fine suite of rooms at 31 W. Lagle Street, and employs an efficient force of competent and skille.l hands. 
 
 WILLI.AM M. BOTH.— Tailor. 
 
 If a thorough apprenticeship at the trade, long experience in the best shops in the city, and several years as 
 proprietor of a shop of his own, will make a man a tailor, then William Both, the Grant Street Tailor is all that 
 his satisfied customers claim he is. After working for many years with the leading tailors of the city five years 
 ago he started his shop at No. 208 Grant Street. His ability as a cutter and fitter was known to m.an'y! an.i 'soon 
 his trade was the best in that section of the city, which is famed for well-dressed men. Mr. Both carries a lari'c 
 stock of foreign and domestic woolens, in all weights, colors, and styles, and is prepared to make up suits ami 
 overcoats at moderate prices and with promptness. Each suit turned out by Mr. Both is in style, fit, and finish 
 strictly up to date, with the best linings and trimmings, and the very best workmanship. No garment is turned 
 out of the shop that is not of the latest style, and the man who has his clothes made by the Grant Street Tailor can 
 be assured that he is clothed in a fashionable manner. Mr. Both employs skilled and experienced tailors, and 
 gives attention to the cleaning, pressing, and repairing of clothes. 
 
 CONRAD J. MEYER. — .Merchant Tailoring. 
 
 With a thorough knowledge of all branches of the tailoring business, with a stock of imported .and domestic 
 goods that is large and varied enough to suit the taste of any customer, and employing only the best workmen, 
 Conrad J. Meyer seeks the custom of those who desire to be well dressed at prices that are not exorbitant. In 
 1894, Mr. Meyer opened a store at No. 533 (lenesee Street. In a very short time, because of the superior character 
 of his work, his trade grew rapidly. For cut, fit, finish, and style the garments turneil out by Mr. Meyer are in 
 every way up to date, and no tailor in the city can or does produce belter work. He gives employment to some 
 eight persons, and has accomplished coat and trousers makers on his payroll. Xo garment made by him is ever 
 entrusted to any but capalile journeymen. The result is that all his work is neatly finished and satisfactory m 
 every respect. His ^old customers take pleasure in commending him to those who desire garments ma<le in the 
 latest style and in the most workmanlike manner. 
 
 THE HEYWOOD SHOE; GOODYEAR RUBBERS. 
 
 There is probably no city, town or hamlet in the United States where the Heywood Shoe is not known and 
 worn. Stores for the sale of this model foot covering have been established in many of the leading cities, and the 
 factories of the company at Worcester, Mass., are kept busy at all times turning out shoes for the many wearers of 
 the Heywood Shoe. The branch at Buffalo was established in 1896 under the efficient management of Mr. Thos. 
 Coulson, who served an apprenticeship of many years in the shoe trade and who is considered one of the best shoe 
 men in the country. With remarkably good judgment he selected a store in the best part of Main Street, opposite 
 the Iroquois Hotel block, and offered to the people of Buffalo the "Heywood Shoe." The rapid growth of the 
 trade of the house soon necessitated the employment of four men in the store and seven on the road, and the 
 Heywood Shoe to-day graces more feet in Western New York than any other make on the market. Superior 
 workmanship, the best stock, handsomest shape, and preeminently the best lasting qualities are some of the 
 advantages possessed by this shoe, and coupled with the uniform courtesy of Mr. Coulson and his assisLanls and 
 their desire to insure and secure a fit in every case has brought to the store a trade that far exceeils that of any 
 other shoe house in Buffalo. In addition to the Heywood Shoe, Mr. Coulson carries a full stock of Goodyear 
 rubbers, and not only guarantees a fit but goes further and guarantees entire satisfaction as to quality, style, and 
 workmanship. Mr. Coulson has made many friends in Buffalo and stands as high in social as in commercial circles. 
 
 CHARLES L. REIMANN. — Shoes and Rubbers. 
 
 One of the important mercantile establishments of the West Side is that of Charles L. Reimann, No. 342 Connect- 
 icut Street, dealer in shoes, rubbers, and all kinds of footwear, established in 1897. .Mr. Reimann carries a full and 
 complete line of shoes and rubbers for men, women, and children, and has a large and growing tr.ade. He occupies 
 a well-arranged store, 23 x .50 feet in size, and employs thoroughly competent and courteous help. He does all 
 kinds of repairing of footwear, and in this line, as well as in the sale of goods, he has customers from all parts of the 
 city. Mr. Reimann being out of the high-rent zone, he is not compelled, from the strain of enormous expenses, to 
 charge his customers unusually high prices. His goods are of the best and his prices are always reasonable. He is 
 liberal in his business views and methods and prefers at any time to have a pleased customer rather than an unfair 
 profit Such businesses as that of Mr. Reimann have made Connecticut Street widely known .as an important 
 retail street of the city. Mr. Reimann is careful to handle only goods of superior quality and the footwear sold by 
 him possesses first-class wearing properties. He is known to thousands of Buffalonians as a gentleman of the most 
 estimable private character and of the highest business integrity. 
 
222 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 E. N. NEFF. — Boots, Shoes, and Rubbers. 
 
 No business house has a higher standing than that of E. N. Neff, wholesale dealer in boots, shoes, and rubbers, 
 who occupies the handsome four-story buikiing at Nos. 52 and 54 Pearl Street. This business was established in 
 1899 on Washington Street, and was successful from the start, so much so, that it soon became necessary to secure 
 more accommodation, and the present extensive quarters were taken. The trade has grown to immense propor- 
 tions and extends all over the city and through Western New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, while four competent 
 traveling men are kept constantly on the road attending to the rapidly-growing trade. A large business is also done 
 through mail orders. A specialty of this standard house is the "On Top " brand of men's fine shoes and the La Belle 
 and La Mode ladies' boots. These brands are sold by every retailer in the territory covered by the firm and enjoy 
 an enviable popularity, second to no other makes on the market. The offices of the firm, at Nos. 52 and 54 Pearl 
 Street, are among the most commodious in the city and are well equipped with every convenience and business 
 facility. The show and salesrooms are spacious and a very large line of goods is kept always in stock. Excellence 
 in make and high-class material used are marked features of all goods handled by the firm. .A force of fifteen 
 experienced hands is employed and more than 15,000 square feet of floor service is occupied in the business. Mr. 
 Neff is a representative, progressive business man and enjoys the fullest confidence of his associates. 
 
 DYEING AND CLEANING ESTABLISHMENTS. 
 
 ALLEN CARPET CLEANING AND RUG WEAVING COMPANY. 
 
 No name is more familiar to the average Buffalonian than that of Allen in connection with carpet cleaning. 
 The Allen Carpet Cleaning and Rug Weaving Company is the present title of the familiar establishment now 
 located at 426 Pearl Street. It was founded by Alexander Allen at Erie Street and the Terrace many years ago. 
 The founder died in 1877 and was succeeded by his son, Alexander Allen, Jr., who continued the business. In 1900, 
 C. B. First, a practical rug maker, became a partner in the concern, the busmess of which is carpet cleaning and 
 rug weaving from old carpets. The company has customers not only all over the city but from Ohio to the Atlantic 
 Ocean and from Maine to Georgia. It is ipiite a large employer of labor, as twenty persons have employment with 
 the company. A four-story building, 28 x 110 feet, is occupied, having been erected for the purpose. A regular 
 price list has been established for cleaning by steam process Ingrain, Brussels, Moquettes, Wilton, and .Axminster 
 carpets, velvets, etc. ; for cleaning by compressed air foreign and domestic rugs ; for scouring carpets and rugs, 
 fitting, laying, sewing, and taking up carpets, making rugs from old carpets, per square yard, etc., etc. The 
 company makes any size rug desired. Between four and five yards of any kind of carpet will make one square yard of 
 rug. Any kind of carpeting, except cotton, can be used. It would be difficult to conceive a business more useful to 
 the community than this one, which is complete in every detail. With energetic management and satisfactory work, 
 the patronage of the house has grown to immense proportions. The work turned out is a valuable advertisement 
 for Buffalo over a wide area of the Union. 
 
 CHESTER'S STEAM DYEING. 
 
 "I Dye to Live," "I Live to Dye," is the appropriate trade mark of Chester's Steam Dyeing and Clean- 
 ing Establishment, of which Harris W. Chester is the proprietor, and which is the oldest establishment in this 
 country for such work. Mr. Chester's specialty is fine dyeing and cleaning, and he is one of the expeit chemists 
 of Buffalo. The plant was established in 1832 by John Chester, and is, therefore, a pioneer industry. The 
 present proprietor was practically born to the business, of which he has expert knowledge in all its phases and 
 requirements. The house is without doubt the oldest establishment of its kind in the United States, and year by 
 year its trade has increased until it has a very extensive business, both local and in all parts of the country. A 
 specialty is made of fine work in the line of cleaning and dyeing, and the more difficult the requirement the better 
 Mr. Chester is pleased to get the trade, for he is an expert of the experts in his business. Five skilled 
 operators are employed in Chester's Steam Dyeing and Cleaning Establishment, which was founded seventy years 
 ago in the same place where it now is, although the plant and business, of course, have grown enormously. The 
 office is at No. 463 Main Street and the works at Nos. 479, 481, and 483 Main Street. 
 
 THE FRENCH STEAM DYEING AND CLEANING WORKS. 
 
 An important concern, worthy of special mention in the pages of TwEiNTIETH CENTURY BUFF.\LO, is that of 
 the French Steam Dyeing and Cleaning Works, with its offices and plant advantageously located at No. 259 Niagara 
 Street. This enterprise was established eleven years ago by G. T. Fox, who, with A. H. Lamond, admitted to 
 partnership six years ago, forms the present firm, which ever since its inception has done a very extensive and 
 remunerative business ; the quality of the work turned out and the methods of dyeing and cleaning being excellent 
 and consequently productive of the most desirable results. The firm pays particular attention to dry cleaning 
 and to the renovation of lace curtains, portieres and draperies. It has customers all over the city, and, for that 
 matter, all over the State of New York. The plant occupied by the French Steam Dyeing and Cleaning Works is 
 an ample one, comprising two floors, and containing one thousand square feet. The works are well equipped with 
 all the latest appliances and up-to-date machinery. A number of skillful operatives are employed, and the business 
 of the concern is rapidly increasing. Messrs. Fox cSi Lamond are thoroughly conversant with everv detail of 
 their business, and are representative citizens of progressive Buffalo. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 223 
 
 MOHN & HUNTER. —German-American Laundry. 
 
 Twentieth Century Bufifalo supports no better known or more popul.ir institution than the Gcrni.in.Anurican 
 Laundry, and the name of Mohn & Hunter is a famihar one in almost every UufTalo liousehoUi. This standani 
 laundry was established seven years ago by George Mohn, Jr., and Clarence 1?. Ilunter, an.l secured immedi.ite popu- 
 lanty. Excellence of work, promptness in collection and delivery, care taken to conserve the interests of patrons, 
 and fair and honorable dealing.it all times has led up to a business of immense proportions, .and to-day the Ucrnian' 
 American Laundry enjoys the cream of the trade. Messrs. Mohn & Hunter occupy a handsome three-story block at 
 Nos. 266, 268, 270, and 272 East Genesee Street, comprising some 20,000 square feet of lloor space. While they 
 conduct a general laundry business, a specialty is m.ade of wearing apparel of all kinds, and in this line they have a 
 very large trade. They employ a force of 175 experienced hands, and fifteen wagons arc used in the collection and 
 delivery department. They have customers in all sections of Twentieth Century HulTalo and maintain branches 
 all over the city. The laundry is one of the largest and finest in Western New York. It is equipped with the 
 latest improved machines and every modern appliance. No injurious chemicals are use<l ami only skilled help 
 are employed. The finest laces and most delicate and dainty fabrics are handled in a most careful manner ami 
 guaranteed safe from injury. .\ specialty is made of fine lace curtains and in this particular line Messrs. Mohn & 
 Hunter have a very large patronage. Both partners are prominent in industrial and social circles and enjoy the 
 confidence and esteem of a host of friends in public and private life. They have a wide experience in their chosen 
 line of industry and give to every detail their personal supervision. They are progressive, practical, and public 
 spirited, and the business they have developed is a monument to their enterprise and sound methods as well as to 
 their rule to give the best satisfaction. 
 
 F. C. LIEMBERNER. — Hair Goods, Etc. 
 
 For fine hair goods and for treatment of the hair by methods producing satisfactory results, no establishment 
 in Twentieth Century Buffalo merits more prominent notice than does that conducted by F. C- Liemberner, at 
 No. 452 Main Street, above Court. The name of Liemberner has long been favoiably associated with this line 
 of business, which requires great experience and professional skill, and the success which Liemberner has achieved 
 and the long list of patrons secured are sufficient testimonials of merit. Many a good head of hair has been de- 
 stroyed by poor treatment, but no such deplorable result can be charged against Liemberner, whose reputation is 
 of the very best. There are many preparations for which much is claimed in relation to their application on the 
 hair and scalp, but none of them is as reliable as Lieniberner's Hair Tonic, which he claims will in ten days make 
 hair look as glossy and feel as soft as it did in childhood, and for cleansing the scalp and retaining the hair there 
 is no preparation made that will be so effectual. 
 
 LEADING PHARMACISTS. 
 
 HORACE P. H.WES. — Le.\ding Buff.\lo Druggist. 
 
 The pioneer and leader in the drug business in Buffalo is Horace P. Hayes, wholesale and retail dealer in drugs 
 and druggists' sundries. He is one of the oldest established dealers in the city and has the following four drug 
 stores at Nos. 942, 944 Main Street, No. 278 North Division Street, Nos. 312, 314 Elk Street, and No. 409 Klk Street. 
 The headquarters of Mr. Hayes are at No. 312 Elk Street. Mr. Hayes handles in his different stores all the goods 
 necessary in a pharmacy and physicians' supplies of all kinds. He is agent for the leading manufacturing druggi.sis 
 and chemists in the country and sells goods, both wholesale and retail, all over Western New York, Pennsylvania, and 
 other States and in Canada. Each one of the four large stores of Mr. Hayes does a large and profitable busincs.s. 
 The drug trade is not like that of a department store, and it would not be possible to serve such a number of 
 customers as are patrons of Mr. Haves from any one or two stores. Owing to the fact that so many prescriptions 
 or remedies are wanted for immediate relief, it is not possible to call all the people together at any central point to 
 buy drugs at retail. Therefore, Mr. Haves, in running four drug stores, is acting the part of wisdom from a 
 financial standpoint and giving first-class ioods and service to a greater number of persons than are w-aited on under 
 any other single proprietorship. The agencies held by Mr. Hayes for all the important goods of chemists ami 
 manufacturers in this line testify to his leading position in the trade in BulTalo, and at the same time are evidence 
 of his energy and enterprise. He handles only the best and purest goods and employ none but thoroughly trained 
 competent, and careful men in compounding and filling prescriptions. Mr Hayes' knowledge of drugs and 
 pharmacy is scarcely exceeded by that of anyone ,n this part of the country. He is a man of unusual business and 
 executive ability, and is universally esteemed for his many excellent personal qualities and as an upright and 
 honorable man in all his dealings of whatever nature. 
 
 ELI T. HOSMER. — Ph-a.rmacist. 
 
 The drug trade of Twentieth Century Buffalo is an important factor in her mercantile life and this particular 
 lineof buliLss has conduced materiali; to her standing, growth, and P^'^^'^r^y;^^^'^"^^:^^ ^^:J°'^ 
 
 u . 1 !,„■„ ,^,rr ^Kniit tfiis cood t ou Is El T. Hosnicr, whose store, at Mo. iii Alien sircei, corner oi 
 
 Co"llegrs"'t"et. \::^S( t handron^t' anT best equipped in the city. Mr. Hosmer established himself in this 
 
224 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 location in 1883. He was formerly in the same line of business in Batavia. He conducts a general retail drug 
 trade and in addition prepares the famous Hosmer's Ben-zo-ine Cream, which is sold to the trade all over the 
 United States and Canada, having the reputation of being without an equal for chapped hands, lips, face, or any skin 
 irritations. Mr. Hosmer's handsome store, 30 x 60 feet in size, is stocked with a large and full assortment of pure 
 drugs, proprietary medicines and standard remedies, choice perfumery, fine stationery and toilet articles in large 
 variety and of the highest quality and most elegant patterns, in fact, everything is carried that can be found in a 
 first-class establishment of its kind. A choice line of cigars, etc., is also carried. Three .skilled assistants are 
 employed and a specialty is made of physicians' prescriptions. Mr. Hosmer is an experienced pharmacist, 
 practical, wide-awake, progressive, public spirited, and successful business man. In the commercial world he 
 enjoys a high reputation for fair and honorable dealings and sound sterling business methods, one always alive to 
 every movement that will accrue to the interests of the city or be of benefit to his fellow men. 
 
 HAYDEiN & rWOHEY.— -Family Druggists. 
 
 One of the successful enterprises of Twentieth Century Buffalo is that of Hayden & Twohey, family druggists, 
 located at No. 837 Main Street. Although only recently established in their present location, both these gentlemen 
 are experienced and practical business men, skilled in every detail pertaining to their business and thorough 
 pharmacists. They are young, enterprising, and energetic, fully up to date in everything that pertains to their 
 particular line of business and with a wide experience gained from their long identification with leading druggists 
 of this city. They have one of the finest lines of pure drugs, proprietary medicines, standard remedies, and 
 physicians', hospital, family and druggists' supplies, a stock which cannot be excelled in the city either for variety 
 or quality. They also carry a large line of the latest designs in toilet articles, a line that recommends itself to the 
 most fastidious. As a result, they have built up an extensive business in these articles alone, a business that is 
 growing with wonderful rapidity. The firm consists of William W. Hayden, for several years manager of the 
 largest drug store in the heart of Twentieth Century Buffalo and an experienced pharmacist, and James E. Twohey, 
 who formerly conducted a thriving business on one of the main thoroughfares on the West Side. He is also 
 a practical pharmacist. Messrs. Hayden & Twohey have, individually, a large circle of friends in both the 
 commercial and social worlds and their established reputation for ability, energy, and fair and honorable dealings 
 insures them continued and deserved success in their undertakings. 
 
 E. J. LOCK. — Family Pharmacy. 
 
 The West Side has the honor of having the only lady druggist in Twentieth Century Buffalo, in the person of 
 Mrs. Ella J. Lock, who is located at Nos. 207 and 209 Fourteenth Street. Mrs. Lock is a practical pharmacist, 
 with an experience of ten years gained in the conduct of a first-class drug store in South Buffalo. She is perfectly 
 competent to put up any prescription given by a physician, in fact, many of the leading physicians of Buffalo make 
 out their prescriptions on her blanks. She established her West Side store in 1902. She carries a very large line 
 of everything necessary in a first-class establishment of this kind, in the shape of drugs, proprietary and patent 
 medicines, toilet articles, of high-grade quality and finest make. The store is well appointed and fitted with every 
 convenience for the comfort of patrons. It is 20 x 40 feet in size and fully stocked with a complete line. Special 
 care is taken in the filling of physicians' prescriptions and two skilled assistants are constantly employed in this 
 department. Mrs. Lock is prominent socially and enjoys the respect and esteem of a large circle of warm personal 
 friends. 
 
 WILLIAM COULSON. — Druggist. 
 
 No name in his line of business has been longer or better known to the public than that of William Coulson. 
 For many years "Coulson Drug Store" has been a household name in Buffalo. For a long time it was located on 
 Seneca Street, near Michigan, and was regarded as one of the leading stores of that section of the city. Mr. 
 Coulson has always been noted for his energy and enterprise, and no one is more familiar with the peculiar require- 
 ments of the trade of a first-class drug store. His present store, at 142 Seneca Street, is well stocked with every. 
 thing in his line and thoroughly equipped in all branches, including the accurate and prompt preparation of 
 physicians' prescriptions. His prices are always as low as can be made for reliable articles and good service. 
 
 HARRY MURRAY. —Cigars, Wines, Etc. 
 
 Buffalo is a city which welcomes new enterprises, and extends to them the right hand of fellowship ; and in this 
 lies the secret of her advancement and steady growth. One of the city's business houses which we cite as a 
 conspicuous factor in her mercantile thrift is that conducted by Harry 'Murray, at Xo. 3(i6 Main Street. Mr. 
 Murray is a dealer and jobber in high-grade cigars, wines, and liquors, and has an elegantly-appointed and fitted 
 up buffet in connection, where all the popular brands of liquors, which he carries in stock, are sold by courteous 
 and skilled assistants. All of the goods handled by Mr. Murray are well known, and he carries on an extensive 
 out-of-town trade which is principally wholesale. Everything carried by him is of the very finest quality, and he is 
 well known for his complete reliability, honor, and integrity in all his business dealings. He has been established 
 at his present location since February, 1899, previous to which time he was located at the corner of Main and 
 North Division streets. The premises occupied by Mr. Murray are very nicely arranged and well stocked. His 
 store and buffet cornprise .atjout 1,000 square feet. He employs seven' men about the premises and one on the 
 road. Mr. Murray is one of Buffalo's best-known business men and enjoys the confidence and respect of a wide 
 circle of friends and patrons. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 225 
 
 GROCERS AND CONFECTIONERS. 
 
 BUFFALO RETAIL GROCERS' ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The Buffalo Retail Grocers' Association, which has a membership of over 600. was formed in 1900 an.l is 
 now a strong and influential organization. The first Pure Food Show conducted under its auspices in Convention 
 Hall, April 27 to May 9, 1903, was in every way a tremendous success. The officers of the association in 1902- 
 1903, were: President, Charles Lamy ; Vice-President, George W. Ryan ; Secretary, Henry Wiser ; Treasurer 
 Henry Ziemer ; Directors, F. G. Dannecker, John Troy, Henry Albert, A. J. Lechleitner, W. F. Rosner. F .\l' 
 Tallman. The officers for 1903-1904 are : President, George W. Ryan ; First Vice-President, F. M. Tollman • 
 Second Vice-President, W. J. Eyring ; Treasurer, F. J. Eberle ; Directors, John Trov, Joseph Phillips, G. u' 
 Knighton, W. F. Rosner, J. Cronin, Charles Schmidt, C. Korn, Fred Jehle. The office' of the association is at 
 No. 649 Main Street. The committee of the successful Pure Food Show of 1903 comprised : F. M. Tallman, 
 Chairman; John W. Cronin, Vice-Chairman ; George W. Ryan, Second Vice-Chairman ; Henry Ziemer! 
 Treasurer ; Alexander Hoegl, Secretary, and the most active spirit in the enterprise ; A. J. Lechleitner, Johii 
 Troy, Joseph Gimel, William F. Rosner, Henry Albert. 
 
 RUDOLPH BRAUN — GROCERrES. 
 
 The claim of having the oldest grocery establishment in Kuffalo is justly made by Rudolph liraun, ivhose place 
 of business is located in the Southern Hotel Block, at Xos. 273. 27.5 Michigan Street, where he docs one of the 
 largest hotel supplying trades in the city. For nearly half a century this house has been in existence and during 
 that time the business has grown to vast proportions, although practically confined to Buffalo. The house was 
 founded by Emanuel F. Kirsch in 1857, Rudolph Braun succeeding to the business. Under his management the 
 trade has been pushed successfully. The specialty of this house is in supplying hotels, and nearly all of the big 
 hostelries are among his customers. Mr. Braun carries a large line of teas, coffees, and smoked meats, and there 
 is nothing to be found in a first-class grocery store that is not carried by this concern. Mr. Braun is one of the 
 solid men of the city and enjoys the respect and coiitidence of the commercial circles of Buffalo. 
 
 HENRY ZIEMER & COMPANY — Groceries. 
 
 One of the most important firms in Buffalo is that of Henry' Ziemer & Company, who operate three large and 
 separate establishments, each of which is the leader in its special line. At Nos. 64 and 66 West Chippewa Street 
 they conduct the largest and most complete grocery house in Twentieth Century Buffalo. It is practically two 
 stores and is 40 x 110 in size, handsomely equipped with modern furnishings and fittings, with every available foot 
 of space on wall and floor devoted to the storage of an immense stock of such goods as are usually found in a first- 
 class grocery house, and fortified with a complete line of dainties and canned goods as carried in establishments 
 devoted solely to the sale of articles of delicacy. A fine line of cigars and tobaccos and bottled lii|uors is also 
 included. With such an establishment and the careful selection of stock, which at all times is pure, sweet, and 
 clean, it is not strange that the firm has built up a large and increasing trade, for the distribution of which a large 
 force of men and several wagons are employed. In addition to the grocery department, the firm conduct at No. 
 17 West Chippewa Street the largest and most important fish, oyster, game, and poultry business in the city. .-Vt 
 No. 236 Franklin Street, connected with but distinct from the grocery market, is a fine-appointed meat market, in 
 which is carried a large stock of the choicest kinds of fresh and salt meats. The West Side branch of the 
 firm's business is also being successfully conducted at the corner of Elmwood and Auburn avenues, where a choice 
 line of meats, provisions, groceries, etc., is carried. The firm has an established business of very large propor- 
 tions. It is one of the most important institutions in this part of the country and it is at once a matter of con- 
 venience, necessity, and pride to Twentieth Century Buffalo. The very highest grade of goods is carried in all 
 the stores and the most reasonable prices prevail. The members of the firm are Henry Ziemer and F. H. 
 Griffith. Both are reputable, popular, and progressive men. 
 
 CHARLES LAMY & SONS — Groceries. 
 
 One of the largest and most prosperous wholesale and retail grocery houses in Buffalo is that of Charles Lainy 
 & Sons, advantageously located at Nos. 301, 303, 305 Elk Street, with a branch house at Nos. 35'2, 354, 358 Louisiana 
 Street. This emerprise was founded by Mr. Charles Lamy more than a quarter of a century ago, and was carried on 
 exclusively by him until one year ago, when his sons, Messrs. Charles II. Lamy and Edward G. l^my, were 
 admitted to partnership. A business of large scope is carried on, particularly with the adjacent towns, and 
 especially in West Seneca. In its season, the marine trade, also, constitutes a prominent factor in the lirm's 
 patronage. The headquarters of this successful concern comprise fifteen thousand square feet of floor space, and 
 a large number of men are employed. Quite a variety of goods are carried, consisting of choice groceries, teas, 
 and coffees, fresh and salt meats, and fish, flour, feed, seeds, hay, straw, oats, wines and liquors, and general 
 hardware. The members of the firm of Charles Lamy & Sons are all representative business men of the city, and 
 are well known for their enterprise and public spirit. 
 
226 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 L. K. WATKINS — Fine Groceries. 
 
 Cleanliness, superior quality, completeness of stock, and cheapness of price are advantages which appeal 
 particularly to the good housewife who is in search of the good things which are necessary for pantry and kitchen. 
 All the qualities which go to make up the successful grocer and which combine to make his store popular and 
 attractive are to be found with L. K. Watkins, whose handsome establishment is located at No. 320 Connecticut 
 Street and whose trade is the largest of any one in his line on the West Side. He established himself at No. 
 198 Fourteenth Street, corner of Connecticut Street, about five years ago, but so large has his business grown 
 that he has been compelled to remove to his present location at No. 320 Connecticut Street, a large commodious 
 store, fitted with every convenience for the transaction of business and the comfort of customers. A large stock 
 of fine groceries, fancy and staple, canned and bottled goods, choice teas and coffees, pure spices, syrups, pickles, 
 in fact, everything that is to be found in a first-class store of this kind is carried. The lowest cash prices prevail 
 for the purest of goods. Mr. Watkins employs a corps of skilled and courteous assistants in his store, and 
 several wagons are required in the delivering department. In the commercial world Mr. Watkins is considered 
 a thoroughly practical, wide-awake man, with a reputation for unswerving honesty and integrity. 
 
 C. A. TREBLE — Te.^s and Coffees and Delicatessen. 
 
 Among the strenuous and successful enterprises of Twentieth Century Buffalo that established by C. A. 
 Treble, dealer in coffees, teas, rice, and cereals, corn starch, baking powder and washing soda, starch and soap, 
 deserves favorable mention. It was established at No. 11 Grant Street about six years ago, and later, owing to the 
 large and growing trade, was removed to No. 197 Grant Street, the present location. Mr. Treble makes a 
 specialty of family trade, wholesale and retail, and it extends not only all over the city but throughout the 
 surrounding territory, many customers being located in the Tonawandas, Lockport, and Niagara Falls. Prior to 
 engaging in business for himself, Mr. Treble was for twelve years identified with the F. P. Jones Company of New 
 York City, with whom he gained a wide experience and many permanent customers who are still included in his 
 extensive patronage. The store which Mr. Treble has established is stocked with an extensive line of finest goods 
 in the lines he carries. The sales and showrooms are spacious and fitted with every convenience, covering a floor 
 space 25 x 75 feet in area. Mr. Treble offers a very complete and fine assortment of premiums which are given to 
 his customers on a plan which will be explained cheerfully to anyone who will write for particulars. Special 
 attention is paid to mail orders. Mr. Treble holds an enviable position in the commercial world as a progressive 
 business man, practical and honorable in all his dealings. 
 
 FIDELITY TEA COMPANY — Teas, Coffees, Etc. 
 
 The Fidelity Tea Company, whose place of business is located at No. 374 Genesee Street, has been for the past 
 nine years one of the leading and most important concerns of its kind in the city. The company are wholesale and 
 retail dealers in teas, coffees, baking powder, spices, extracts, flour, and groceries and have a large trade, not only 
 in Buffalo and surrounding towns but throughout Western New York. A force of six traveling agents are at all 
 times busy taking orders from the many out-of-town customers, while an efficient force of experienced clerks attend 
 to the wants of the retail patrons at the store. Carrying a stock that embraces a line that is not only large and 
 complete but selected with the utmost care and by experienced buyers. Premiums, many of which are of great 
 value, are given with the purchases made at the store of this reliable company, and a feature of the business is that 
 every pound package leaving the store weighs a pound. George H. Cook, the proprietor of the company, is one 
 of the most reliable men in Buffalo and has made for himself and his company a fine reputation by his sterling 
 integrity and honorable methods. The premises occupied are 30 x 120 feet in dimensions and in all things the 
 concern is a representative one. 
 
 THE GREAT ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC TEA COMPANY. 
 
 The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company is the leader in their line in the United States and there is not an 
 important city in the country where they have not a branch store, or where they do not have an immense business. 
 This company does a large wholesale and retail business in Twentieth Centurv Buffalo, at Nos. 29 and 31 East 
 Chippewa Street and No. 577 Washington Street, opposite the market, at No. 530 William Street, corner Krettner 
 Street, and at No. 143 Falls Avenue, Niagara Falls. Mr. William D. Doherty is the energetic and able general 
 manager. The company employs forty- five, experienced men on the road, twenty-five are kept busy in the stores, 
 while eight wagons are used in the delivery department. In addition to a superb line of teas, the company also 
 carries a full stock of fancy canned and bottled goods. They make a specialty of selling fancy Elgin creamery 
 butter at cost, and as it is always uniform in quality their sales have a constant growth. Mr. Doherty is a man of 
 wide experience and is a thorough business man. In the commercial world he enjoys the highest reputation and 
 the fullest confidence of his associates. He has been appointed to the important position of Police Commissioner 
 by Mayor Knight. 
 
 HOOD & GOULD— Ice Cream, Etc. 
 
 One of the most important enterprises of the West Side is that of Hood & Gould, manufacturers of ice cream, 
 baked goods, and confectionery, at No. 296 Connecticut Street. This sterling house was established sixteen years 
 ago and under judicious management the business has developed to gratifying proportions. It is now one of the 
 very largest of its kind in Buffalo. The trade is both wholesale and retail and extends throughout the entire city 
 and surroimding country. The premises occupied consists of a store, bakery, and ice cream plant, storage ware- 
 house, stables and wagon house at Nos. 294 and 29G Connecticut Street, No. 487 and 489 West Avenue and No. 294 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 227 
 
 Plymouth Avenue. Equipped with electric lights, fans, natural gas, etc. A force of half a hun.lrcl han.K arc 
 employed and an equipment of fifteen wagons is required for the delivery department. The entire e»lal)lishmei.t is 
 under the direct supemsion of Mr. Gould, a practical man, thoroughly versed in every department of the business. 
 A specialty IS made of ice cream and ices, for which the most impr,.ved machinerv, operated by steam, is used. 
 The very best quality of nialenals alone are used. All kinds of fine baked goo.ls an<l confectionery are also ma.lc, 
 and the reputation for superiority and excellence which the goods have won have led to a constantly increasing de- 
 mand wherever they have been introduced. Mr. Could is a native of Erie Countv .and prior to engaging in his 
 present business was for eleven years identified with the Erie Preserving Company, lie is progressive, practical, 
 up to date, and public spirited and enjoys the confidence and esteem of his associates. 
 
 W. F. TRESSELT — Fancy Caki: AND Bread Bakery. 
 
 In the list of successful business enterprises which are conducive to the commercial fame of Twentieth Century 
 Buffalo, favorable reference must be made to an institution which has been established for nearly a quarter of a 
 century, and which has contributed in a considerable measure to the city's progress and |)rosperily. It is that 
 owned and operated by \V. F. Tresselt, whose large bread and cake bakeries are located, respectively, at No. 147 
 Genesee Street and No. 312 Elm Street. Mr. Tresselt is an expert in his line, and has made an enviable reputation .is 
 a fancy bread, cake, and fine pastry baker. He established the business in 1881, and by close and intelligent 
 attention to details he has built it up to very gratifying proportions. While Mr. Tresselt has a large retail traile, 
 he also conducts an extensive wholesale business, and numbers among his customers most of the prominent caterers 
 in Buffalo. His bakeries are both ample in dimensions and finely equipped. .\ large force of bakers and their 
 assistants are employed, and several wagons are kept busy. Mr. Tresselt is a man who is greatly respected in the 
 community. He is as good a citizen as he is excellent as a baker. 
 
 GAGER'S — Cdnkectionery. 
 
 How many persons in Buffalo do not know that Gager's is not a dry goods store? The thought causes a smile 
 perhaps. Most people, however, know it's a candy store. It was established by L. E. Gager about thirteen years ago 
 at 302 Main Street, He died soon afterward and his widow. Mrs. A. E. Gager, has continued the business, which h.as 
 been located for about six years in the present quarters, 552 Main Street. The trade is all retail, and principally 
 with Buffaloni.ins. Mrs. Gager caters for dinners and receptions, and has a very extensive trade in this direction. 
 Eight persons are employed in the establishment, making and selling candies. The store is always neat and 
 attractive, and the attendants are courteous and polite. Gager's candies are of excellent quality, in fact, no more 
 choice and pure confectionery is made in the city. There are plenty of people who regard good candy as a 
 necessity, therefore it is necessary for them to trade at Gager's. Candy is not likely to go out of fashion, and new 
 and increasingly toothsome varieties are constantly being brought forward to delight the taste of the candy epicure. 
 There is no better place in Buffalo than Gager's to buy candy. Mrs. Gager is a charming lady, who wins trade by 
 her considerate treatment of all customers. 
 
 AUGUST EY — Candy Mf.rchant. 
 
 August Ey, the pioneer confectioner, has a business that was established forty years ago by August and Albert 
 Ey and run for ten vears under the firm name of Ey Brothers, at No. 313 Main Street. When the partnership w.is 
 dissolved August went into the bakery and confectionery business on Elk Street. After seven years he returne.l to 
 Main Street, at No. 291, and continued until the building was torn down to make room for Ellicotl Square. He 
 then located at No. 78 Seneca Street, where he continued business for six years, with a branch at Ellicott Square. 
 Three years ago he moved up town to his present location at No. 612 Main Street. August Ky's business is all retail 
 and he keeps at all times a full and complete line of choice confectionery. His store is 25 x 80 feet in extent and 
 he employs ten persons. He has a very large trade, his candies being made of pure materials, and by the most 
 approved methods. These facts are well known and Mr. Ey, being a veteran m the candy trade, enjoys a large 
 patronage. His prices will compare favorably with those of any other dealer. 
 
 DOCTOR HILL— Dental Parlors. 
 
 The absolute necessity of the skillful work of the dentist admits of no question. The problem for the afflicted is 
 who to consult. Dr. Hill, in his elegant new parlors, No. 304 M.a,n Street, fills and ex rac.s "■••ih « thou^ pam 
 Those who visit these parlors need have no fear of being tortured if their teeth need ^ ';^"' °";,^ J °*^„"'^"„,;"^,^ 
 from out of town wanting teeth without delay are furnishe.l the same day ^'^''''-''i •'•;"•* /"'^""""j'-'ff,,"^^^^^ 
 employed, and while the work is unexcelled in the city, the prices are the lowest, .^e^'h are extracted foon^^^^^^ 
 cents. A lady is always in attendance at the office. This business was estab ished m 1881 at No Y,f,f;^' f^^g^^' 
 bv Dr Times M Burke the present manager. The offices now in use have been occupied 1.) Ur. Mill since 1HJ8. 
 lie has IZll in uX-'two o?rhe principaKities of the United States, and the Bum. o office treats pa leiUs rom a U 
 points in Western New York and Pennsylvania. Dr. Hill was among the hrst '^>^»e^"-f"'b f""'^'^„V nrghtf 
 dentistry, which takes from the dentist's chair its former terrors. The Buffalo office is open day anU n.tlit. 
 Appointments can be made by telephone. 
 
228 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 GEORGE H. WOOLLEV. 
 Secretary, Hotel Iroquois Company. (See page 229.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 229 
 
 E. L. BRADY — Undertaker. 
 
 " For the past twenty years Edward L. Brady has occupied a leading position among the undertaker* and 
 embalmers of the city. Not only does his reputation extend throughout Twentieth Century BufTalo but reaches 
 throughout the County of Erie. His thorough knowledge and ability as a funeral director and his superior 
 skill as an embalmer are' well known and justly appreciated, and, as a result, he enjoys the patronage of Icadine 
 families of this city and many of Western New York, his services thus being constantly in demand. FMwara 
 L. Brady has been prominently identified with the undertaking business for more than twenty years. He was 
 for nearly seventeen years the senior partner of the firm of Brady & Drullard, which firm was dissolved in 1899. 
 Mr. Brady established his undertaking parlors at Nos. 115 and 117 Franklin .Street, where he now comlucls a 
 general undertaking business, a specialty being made of skilled embalming. They are fitted with all the conveni- 
 ences for a modern undertaking establishment. He carries a large and especially fine line of funeral goods of 
 the highest grade, quality and ,best manufacture. A force of competent and skilled assistants, male and female, 
 are employed in his business. 
 
 LOUIS E. M.AUER — Undertaker and Embalmer. 
 
 One of the oldest and best-known establishments on the East Side is that of l.ouis E. Maucr, undertaker and 
 embalmer, and dealer in dry goods and gentlemen's furnishings, at Nos. 472 and 474 Genesee Street, near 
 Mortimer. The business was established many years ago by Mr. Louis E. Mauer's father, and was operated by 
 him up to about seven years ago, when the son succeeded him. .\bout three years ago, Mr. Mauer took pos- 
 session of the store adjoining store No. 472 (lenesee Street, which was stocked with a full line of staple and fancy 
 dry goods and gentlemen's furnishing goods of the highest grade and the best make, and in the latest styles and 
 endless varietv. The dry goods store, 30 x 120 feet in size, is fitted with every convenience for the comfort of 
 customers. A force of six skilled and courteous assistants are employed. The undertaking and embalming 
 parlors are 25 x 50 feet in size and are among the finest in Twentieth Century BufTalo. They contain a very 
 fine line of caskets, coffins, and funeral supplies of the highest grade both in material' and make. Mr. Mauer 
 makes a specialty of furnishing, at the shortest notice, coaches for funerals, weddings, or any kind of functions at 
 the most reasonable prices. Orders by telephone or mail are promptly attended to. 
 
 LEADING HOTELS OF BUFFALO. 
 
 HOTEL IROQUOIS. 
 
 Since the Hotel Iroquois was first opened for the service of the public, August 23, 1889. it has "»» ""W b«n the 
 leadinc hotel in the citv but has attained rank among the most famous and popular hotels in the New World. It 
 s metropoli an in all its methods and management, being conducted with all the care and enterprise necessary 
 o maimrin he hi"h standard of the very best and most successful hotels, and catering to the most exalted requirements 
 of modern hotel patronage. Ahhout'h it was considerably enlarged in 1900 its gre.at capacity and vast resou ces 
 forThe emerta nm^t of guests are often taxed to the uttermost. In addition to its high qualities as a hotel t s 
 erv laigely ut liTed as a center for business purposes and as a social and political rendezvous thus emphasizing its 
 mp'orlfce'as a business institution. The origin'al proprietors were XViUiam E Woolley and "-^ ^'^-'f^^^^ 
 A '^ . I. ^ ^AA^A w^v \ IQOn r.eorce H WooUev. who since that time has had the general manage 
 
 m:rof' the trbrsfn^^fofth" hoteh'^N; ft^Xe^has a betl^. claim to be absolutely fireproof than this hotel. 
 
 HOTEL BROEZEL. 
 
 of the former Broezel House after its destruction by hie in '"»' y^J»f- ' "^ j „s proximity to the Central 
 
 ments, its service is highly esteemed -' >;f^--f,, -^"[^ ,^he '^ ry la'^^^^ 
 
 Railway depot assures for it a large patronage in »'''''''°"/" ""^ ' ,iL^,f^^ for successfully conducting a firsl-class 
 enjoyeZ John E. Boldt the present P-pnetor has aU th ^^^^ -^'°"„ /^ Ve is enable'd to make f^ull provision 
 r t'he ^f^ft Vn'd "ontme^^rhif g^^ls^:: ^TZldt' also has control of the Whi.comb House, a leading 
 house of Rochester, N. V. 
 
 LAFAYETTE HOTEL. 
 
 The Lafayette Hotel, on the corner of XVashington and Clinton streets facing obliquely to«ar,U l.afayet.e 
 Squire! is a fi'ne new strtlcture, which will be completed and opened early .n 1904. 
 
230 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 i'u'lW 
 
 • • i'r'tf ItMf*^ 
 
 !,w|pr' 
 
 HOTEL IROQUOIS. 
 
 HOTEL BROEZEL. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 231 
 
 CORRECTIONS AND OMISSIONS. 
 
 MARK PACKARD.* — CoAi. and Coke. 
 
 Mark Packard has been actively identified with the wholesale coal and coke business in Buffalo since October, 
 1879. His interests are now extended, diversified, and continually expanding. lie not only handles a large ton- 
 nage of Pittsburg steam and Youghiogheny gas coal for shipment to Eastern, Western, ami Canadian markets, and 
 all through New- York State, but is also actively engaged in large coal development enterprises. A few years ago 
 he purchased, and has since developed, a tract of 10,000 acres of Pocahontas coal lands in McDowell County, 
 W. Va. , on the main line of the Norfolk c& Western Railroad, and on this property there are a number of produc- 
 ing companies shipping coal east to tiiiewater for the New England markets and for export, and westward to the 
 Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan markets, .and especially Chicago. The capacity of the works in McDowell 
 County considerably exceeds 1,00(),000 tons per annum. Mr. I'ackard is president of the Tug River Coal I^and 
 Company and of the Pocahontas Thin Vein Coal Eaiul Company, and owns ami operates the Mahoning Colliery, 
 located at Mahoning, Armstrong County, I'a. , on the Allegheny Valley division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, the 
 output of which colliery is distributed in BulTalo .and other points in New York State, Northwestern Pennsylvania, 
 the Eastern markets, and Canada. He is likewise interested, as a director and the heaviest individual stockholder, 
 in the works of the Hamilton Coal Mining Company, located at Crag Dell Station, Westmoreland Co., Pa., twenty 
 miles from Pittsburg. The coal from these mines reaches the Pittsburg market, tidewater for shipment to New 
 England States, and by rail to Northwestern Pennsylvania, Buffalo and other points in New York State, the Eastern 
 and Canadian markets. In addition to handling the best grades of Connellsville and Pocahontas coke, he will 
 control the shipments in New York State and the Canadian and Eastern markets of the output of the ovens now- 
 being completed at Batavia, N. Y., by the Consolidated Gas and Electric Company, which ovens were designed by 
 Professor Lowe, the same as those adopted by the Jones & Laughlin concern of Pittsburg, and constructc<i to 
 produce a coke in every respect equal to the best Connellsville output for domestic purposes, and for cupola and 
 furnace use. 
 
 Mr. Packard, furthermore, is identified with the banking interests in McDowell County, W. Va., being one of 
 the largest stockholders in the McDowell County Bank, the pioneer banking institution of the Pocahontas and Tug 
 River Coal fields. His great and growing business is conducted in a fine suite of offices on the fifth floor of the 
 new Fidelity Trust Building, corner of Main and Swan streets, Buffalo. 
 
 RICHARD RADLEY. 
 
 Richard Radley, whose portrait appears on page 127, Part One, of this edition of TWENTIEIIl Ckntury 
 Buffalo is the leading man in his line of business in this territory. He is a practical contracting engineer, and 
 because of his long experience and peculiar ability his services are in constant demand in the construction and 
 equipment of important public and industrial enterprises. For eight years he was associated with the John 1. 
 Nove Manufacturing Company and for another eight years was superintendent of the large works ol U. W. 1 Hit 
 Sons & Companv. Under his supervision a number of extensive manufacturing plants have been erected, he giving 
 especial attention to the equipment of modern steam power plants. He is the special representative of the famous 
 Corliss engines of the Bates Machine Company of Joliet, 111. His offices are at -130 Lllicott Square. 
 
 jamp:s sangstrr & company. 
 
 On page 123 Part One, of this edition of Twf.ntietii Century Buffalo will be found the portrait of the 
 active mfmber of the well-known firm of patent attorneys, James Sangster & Company. > l,e ..ame "."''" ••"« 
 portrait should hive been " Arthur J. Sangiter," who is a son of James Sangster, the founder of the business, the 
 office of which is located at Nos. 10.54, 1056 Ellicott Square. 
 
 ROYAL ARCANUM. 
 
 November 1, 1903, the Royal Arcanum had a membership of 280,000, with ^^T'^ZtX 'uTadtn 
 ordinate councils. Up to that date the order ha.l paid death claims to the amoun °f *«l-l»«-^«„'-«, ' "="' '" 
 emergency fund of r2.002,813.01, and an excess of current resources over l.abdiues of f '^"J^ "'^ J-/' 
 Bicknell, of Buffalo, is serving his eighteenth consecutive term as Grand Secretary. (See p.age 104, Part . .ne. ) 
 
 "VT:;;7above notice should have appeared in the place of that inadvertently printed without revision, on page 126. 
 
232 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 FREDERICK O. MURRAY. 
 Elected County Treasurer. 19(1.3. Term expires December 31. I9n»i. (See page 233.) 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 233 
 
 REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PEOPLE. 
 
 At the election held November 3, 1903, the following rouiiiits oi Krie Countv and of the 
 City of Buffalo were elected to represent the interest of their fellow citizens in various oflkial 
 capacities : 
 
 COUNTY OFFICERS. —Total Vote 82,213. 
 
 County Ci.erk. — John H. Price of Akron, Republican, to succeed himself, hy a plurality of 9,554 over 
 Edward H. Rogers, Jr., Democrat. 
 
 County Treasurer. — Frederick O. Murray of Buffalo, Republican, to succeed William II. Daniels, by a 
 plurality of 5,118 over William F. Kasting. 
 
 Keeper of the Almshouse. — Martin Ileilbronn of Buffalo, Republican, to succeed John A. Stengel, by a 
 plurality of 973 over John A. Stengel, Democrat. 
 
 Superintendent of the Poor. — Lafayette L. Long of Buffalo, Republican, to succeed himself, by a plurality 
 of 7,088 over Joseph Thiel, Democrat. 
 
 County Auditor. — Charles F. Sturm of Buffalo, Republican, to succeed John W. Neff, by a plurality of 
 6,580 over Frederick G. Hoehn, Democrat. 
 
 MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY. 
 
 First District. — Charles J. Quinn, Democrat; plurality of 1.306 over Jeremiah Nehin, Republican. 
 Second District. — * Robert Lynn Cox, Republican (see Part One, page 146) ; plurality of 4,.507 over William 
 H. Jones, Democrat. 
 
 Third District.— * Anthony F. Burke, Democrat ; plurality of 1,043 over William J. B. Haese, Republican. 
 Fourth District. — * Charles V. Lynch, Democrat ; plurality of 35 over William C. Tenjost, Republican. 
 Fifth District. — Charles F. Brooks, Republican ; plurality of 114 over Charles W. Hinson, Democrat (see 
 
 Part One, page 147). 
 
 Sixth District.— * George Ruehl, Republican ; plurality of 192 over Charles F. Boine, Democrat. 
 Seventh District. — * John K. Patton, Republican ; plurality of 943 over John J. Madden, Democrat. 
 Eighth District.-* Elijah Cook, Republican; plurality of 433 over Neal McCloskey, Democrat. 
 * Re-elected. 
 
 CITY OFFICIALS. 
 
 Treasurer.- Walter J. Shepard, Republican, to succeed Adam Boeckel; plurality of 4,561 over Edwin 
 
 Fleming, Democrat. ^ , 
 
 Cmmissioner of Public Works. -Francis G. Ward, Republican, to succeed himself; plurality of .J,..81 
 
 over .Augustus F. Scheu, Democrat. „ . ,, 
 
 Superintendent of Education.- Henry P. Emerson, Republican, to succeed himself (see Part One, page 
 
 22) ; plurality of 9,209 over Charles P. Alvord. ,. ^oono i », 
 
 Overseer of the PooR.-Louis J. Kenngott, Republican, to succeed himself; plurality of 6,803 over Joseph 
 
 Hassler, Democrat. . , . „i„„i:,„ 
 
 Judge of the Municipal Court.- Clark H. Hammond, Republican, to succeed Louis Braunle.n ; plurality 
 
 of 2 772 over Louis Braunlein, Democrat. 
 
 Police Justice. -Thomas Murphy, Republican, to succeed himself; plurality of 9,080 over Matthias Endres, 
 
 ""'"ustTce of the PEACE.-Thomas H. Rochford, Republican, to succeed himself; plurality of 4.231 over 
 Martin T. Devaney, Democrat. 
 
 COUNCILMEN. 
 
 William Germann, John F. Bar.h. John J. Smith, reelected Charles G Pankow '^->^ l^^^^'^^;^*';;;;' 
 Republicans ; J. N. Adam, Democrat. James Ash, Thomas Stoddard, and Henry Ladd, Republicans. 
 
234 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
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TWENTIETH CENTUKV BUIFAI.O. 235 
 
 ALDERMEN. 
 
 First Ward — * Jeremiah Gorman, D. Second Ward -^ • John P. Sullivan, D. Third Ward - • Jowph Butler. 
 D. Fourth Ward — • John J. Collins, D. Fifth Ward — Orrin F. Pierce, R. Sixth Ward — • I lenr)- Mocst, K. 
 Seventh Ward — • John B. Huster, I). Eighth Ward - Edward Spcrry, K. Ninth War.l - Bernard J. Pitass. I). 
 Tenth Ward — *Joseph Walz, D. Eleventh Ward — *James Smith, D. Twelfth Ward — 'Louis MullcnhofT, 
 D. Thirteenth Ward — * John Kick, R. Fourteenth Ward — • Ernest Wedekin.lt, R. Fifteenth Ward — 
 Charles J. Fix, R. Sixteenth Ward — Frank J. Schmidt, D. Seventeenth Ward — • Henry Undshcft, R. Eigh- 
 teenth Ward — Jacob Gangnagel, R. Nineteenth Ward — 'John J. Kennedy, I). Twentieth Ward— 'John 
 Martin, R. Twenty-first Ward — (l. J. IlalTa, R. Twenty-second Ward— 'John O. Manning, R. Twenty- 
 third Ward — * Neil McEachren, R. Twenty-fourth Ward — Frank T. Coppins, R. Twenty-fifth Ward — • J. 
 Thomas Harp, R. 
 
 REGISTERED VOTERS. 
 
 The number of voters in Twentieth Century Buffalo who registered in l'.IU:i was (;'J,20H, as compared with : 
 1902, 65,3.50; 1901, 67,639; 1900, 73,170. 
 
 APPOINTMENTS BY THE MAYOR. 
 
 The following is a list chronologically arranged of the .appointments made by Mayor Knight since he took office, 
 January 1, 1902 : 
 
 Jan. 1, 1902. He.ilth Commissioner. — Dr. Walter D. Greene. To succeed Ernest Wcnde. Term expires 
 Jan. 1, 1907. 
 
 March 11, 1902. Trustees of the Grosvenor Library. — Edward H. Butler, Ganson Depew, Josiah Jewett. To 
 succeed themselves. Term expires March 11, 1907. 
 
 Feb. 3, 1902. Member of the Board of School Examiners. — Peter W. Van Peyma. To succeed himself. 
 Term expires Feb. 3, 1907. 
 
 Feb. 14, 1902. Park Commissioners. — William A. Joyce (5 years), Frank H. Goodyear (4 years), William 
 Hengerer (3 years), Charles Mosier (2 years), George C. Ginther (1 year). To succeed old board. 
 
 Feb. 14, 1902. Member of the Examining Supervising Board of Plumbers and Plumbing. — Frank I-. 
 Beyer. To succeed Chas. B. Huck. Term expires Dec. 31, 1904. 
 
 Feb. 19, 1902. Civil Service Commissioners.— Charles B. Wheeler, Joseph E. Ewell, Henry W. Sprague, 
 John R. Moynihan, Thomas M. Crowe, M. D. , George A. Ricker, Bartholomew Connor. To succeed old board. 
 Term during the pleasure of the Mayor. 
 
 March 15, 1902. Director of the Buffalo Public Library.— John D. Bog.irdus. To succeed himself. Term 
 expires March 1.5, 1907. 
 
 July 21, 1902. Irustee of the Jesse Ketchum Memorial Fund.— Harrison N. Vedder. To succeed J. N. Lamed. 
 
 Dec. 12, 1902. Civil Service Commissioner. — Joseph L. Whittet. To succeed Joseph E. Ewell, resigned. 
 Term during the pleasure of the Mayor. 
 
 Jan. 16, 1903. Market Clerk.— William Metzler. To succeed Edward Dickman. Term during the pleasure 
 of the Mayor. 
 
 Jan. 16, 1903. Member of the Board of School Examiners.— E. Corning Townsend. To succeed Arthur E. 
 Hedstrom, resigned. Unexpired term. 
 
 Feb. 3, 1903. Member of the Board of School Examiners.— Arthur W. Hickman. To succeed Dev.ie P. 
 Hodson. Term expires Feb. 3, 1908. 
 
 Feb. 14, 1903. Park Commissioner.- George C. Ginther. To succeed himself. Term expires Feb. 14, 1908. 
 
 March 15, 1903. Harbormaster. — Benjamin L. Cowles. To succeed John J. Burns. Term expires March 
 
 15, 1905. 
 
 April 9, 1903. Civil Service Commissioner.— Henry Zipp. To succeed (ieorge A. Ricker, removed. Term 
 
 during the pleasure of the Mayor. ^^ 
 
 June 1, 1903. Fire Commissioner. - Simon Seibert. To succeed John F. Malone. Term expires June 1. 1909. 
 Police Commissioner.- William D. Doherty. To succeed John H. Cooper, resigned. Term expires March 
 
 July 10, 1903. Trustee of the Jesse Ketchum Memorial Fund.- Frank S. Fosdick. To succeed Harrison N. 
 Vedder, resigned. . 
 
 Sept. 15, 1903. Fire Commissioner.- Russell H. Potter. To succeed William S. Grattan. resigned. Term 
 
 expires June 1, l'J08. 
 * Re-elected. 
 
236 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
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TWENTIETH CENTLRY BUFFALO. 237 
 
 POSTSCRIPT. 
 
 The following items of general information are from official sources and arc added to this 
 edition of Twentieth Century Buffalo on account of their value for reference. 
 
 CITY FINANCES AND TAXKS. 
 
 The total real estate valuation in the City of Buffalo, for the fiscal year eniliny June Ml, I'JUI, !■■ ■»■.;.). ;,i)iW;,:i66, 
 as compared with $223,9i7,69() for the previous year. 
 
 The total personal estate valuation in the City of Buffalo, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1904, is $6,3.51,000, 
 as compared with $6,'i93,.5O0 for the previous year. 
 
 The total general tax valuation in the City of Buffalo, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1904, is |;239,417,3r>.'>, 
 as compared with $230,741,190, for the previous year. 
 
 The total lamp tax valuation in the City of Buffalo, for the fiscal year ending June .30, 1904, is $224,907,3Gi>, a« 
 compared with $214,773,04.5 for the previous year. 
 
 The total general franchise tax valuation in the City of Buffalo, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 190-1, is 
 $12,607,200, as compared with $13,164,430 for the previous year, when there was also a lamp franchise tax 
 valuation of the same amount. No lamp tax is levied in franchises for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1904. 
 
 The tax rates for the last two fiscal years in the City of Buffalo were fixed as follows : general tax, 1902 liMKJ, 
 $17,203 per $1,000; 1903-1904, $17.3G6 ; lamp tax, 1902-1903, $0,630 per $1,000 ; 1903-1904, $0.(^8; general 
 franchise tax, 1902-1903, $17,203 per $1,000 ; 1903 1904, $17,366. Total tax rate for 1903 r.ll)4. $17.3C,<;, as 
 compared with $17,833 for the previous year. 
 
 The appropriations for the general expenses of the municipal government for the fiscal year ending June 30, 
 1904, amounted to $7,7.54,467.53, as compared with $7,116,623 for the previous year. The general fund income 
 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902, was $2,777,035.21, and the estimated income for the fiscal year ending 
 June 30, 1904, was $3,233,988.96. 
 
 The total amount to be raised by the general, lamp, and franchise taxes for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1904, 
 is $4,520,478.57, as compared with $4,339,588.19 for the previous year. 
 
 The total value of real estate owned by the City of Buffalo, June 30, 1903, was .$13,679,762, 
 
 The total value of personal property owned by the City of Buffalo, June 30, 1903, was $11,274,298.61. 
 
 The bonded debt of the City of Buffalo, June 30, 1903, was $18,229,634.86, of which amount $11,812,489.35 
 was held outside of the city. Bonds to the amount of $1,553,.521.33 fall due during the fiscal year ending June 
 30, 1904. 
 
 EXEMPT FROM TAXATION. 
 
 The amount of property in this city exempt from taxation in 1903 was $40,015,935, according to the assessors' 
 valuations. In 1902 the amount was $35,650,542. The exempt list includes property owned by the national. 
 State and city governments, property used for religious purposes, and a certain fixed amount of property owne.l by 
 clergymen and pensioners. It was estimated that of the increase in 1903 of nearly $.5,000,000, about $3,000,000 
 was represented by city property, nearly $1,000,000 by State property, and about $1,000,000 by properly of the 
 Catholic Church. The increase in the holdings of the Protestant churches was slight. 
 
 FRANCHISE TAX ASSESSMENTS. 
 
 In 1902 the franchise tax assessment on corporations doing business in Buffalo amounted to $13,164,430. I.. 
 
 1903 the amount assessed was $12,607,200, as follows : 
 
 T- , , A T=i»r,r,„>, To «20 000 ■ Bell Telephone Co., $600,000 ; Buffalo Creek Railway Co., 
 
 American Telephone and Telegraph Co., *ZU,UUU , ceu i cicpnonc ^ , » , Nnunl Gas Fuel Co 
 
 $16 500 • Buffalo Gas Co., $2,085,000 ; Buffalo General Electric Co $1,935,000, ButTa o ^a'"''-'! '^ .^' ,, J ' 
 |853'00d 'Crosstown S.r^el Railway Co., «1.3^0,000; Cataract Po.veranciCond^ l-aslc n 
 
 $ ;66*5 O'OO 'J^^ylfyt^^^S Co! $55 000 ; Marine Elevator Co.. |U0O ^^N- Kngla" j'^^""^ C^; 
 hZ ■' rv''^% hT'r^°R ^r-Or .^ NewVo^. ta a!:ant ^•WtsirKailr^ad'co^-.tto.,,™) , .Voplc.; 
 Si^L^t &Cokeci,%9;0^0^S?etTKe.logg Co.! $500; Standard Oil Co., $6,000; Western Uniomdc- 
 graph Co., $130,000. Total, $12,607,200. 
 
238 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
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TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 2;i!t 
 
 PERSONAL PROPERTY ASSESSMENTS. 
 
 The following is a list of those assessed in T 
 and upwards : 
 
 Harry Hamlin f2ri,000 
 
 William Hamlin, r)l),(HKI 
 
 Amelia Howard estate, .50,01)0 
 
 Joseph T. Jones 2"), 000 
 
 Spencer Kellogg .'id. 000 
 
 Dorothy Smith estate 2.5,000 
 
 Alice Douglass estate, 40,000 
 
 Georgia B. Pardee, 100.000 
 
 D. P. Kumsey, .50,000 
 
 Genevieve Schoellkopf, 50,000 
 
 Frederick F. Steven estate, 25,000 
 
 Jacob Uebelhoer, 00.000 
 
 Martha T. Williams, lOO.iiOO 
 
 George L. Williams, liO.OOO 
 
 Charles H. Williams, 45.000 
 
 Caroline N. Jewett estate, ... . 25.000 
 
 Sarah A. Brush estate, 25.000 
 
 John Satterheld estate, .50.000 
 
 Maria L. Wilkeson estate 25.000 
 
 Catharine B. I,ewis, 40.000 
 
 Ann Thompson, 75.000 
 
 Jane E. Thornton estate, 25.000 
 
 Thomas Lothrop estate, 25.000 
 
 Maria F. Scheu estate, ;«),000 
 
 Mary J. Bennett, 25,000 
 
 Louis E. Behringer, 25.000 
 
 Philip Houck estate, ItO.OOO 
 
 Laura H. Austin estate, 120,000 
 
 George E. Hayes estate, 40.000 
 
 William F. O'Kourke estate 25,000 
 
 Sarah Becker, 25.000 
 
 Philip Becker estate 25.000 
 
 T. b! Barnum estate, 35,000 
 
 wentieth Century liufTalo on personal properly valued at t^S.OOO 
 
 C. J. Wells estai.. 
 
 ^75,IMKI 
 
 Agnes Demaresl. 
 
 .5(1, (NKI 
 
 James Forsyth, . . . 
 
 •J5,IHK» 
 
 Amelia A. Hayen, . 
 
 :I5.(KNI 
 
 Harriet N. Haven, . . . 
 
 ■J.'i.OOO 
 
 Caroline H. Howard, . 
 
 .'.(1. Ill It) 
 
 Julia N. Holman 
 
 ■J'. OIHI 
 
 W. G. Fargo estate, . . 
 
 Jl I'OO 
 
 Charlotte A. W.alson estate. 
 
 .11 OIMI 
 
 P. P. Pratt 
 
 .rll.lKKJ 
 
 George K. Potter estate, . 
 
 25.IMIO 
 
 K. Keating Root 
 
 III.IHMI 
 
 Bronson Rumsey estate, . . 
 
 idl.lHHI 
 
 lames M. Smith estate, . 
 
 ■.'5.1 KHI 
 
 lacob Scheu estate, . . 
 
 •J5.II(HI 
 
 Daisy King Smith estate. 
 
 ■'ill.lMKI 
 
 Elizabeth White, . 
 
 lOII.IMMI 
 
 Margaret L. Wilson, . 
 
 2.5.(K.(I 
 
 \\ inslow M. Howard, . . 
 
 . . . . 25, IKK) 
 
 Kate W. Winslow, . . . 
 
 . . . . •J5.IKMI 
 
 Caroline F. Winslow, . . . 
 
 . . . 25.IKIO 
 
 J- J. Albrigh 
 
 . . . . .50.IKK) 
 
 George K. Birge 
 
 , , . :ill.lllKJ 
 
 M. II. Birge estate, . . 
 
 illl.lHH) 
 
 Jonathan C. Forbush estate. 
 
 JII.IHK) 
 
 Marv E. Daniels, . . . 
 
 25.IHM) 
 
 George V. Forman, . . 
 
 ,'ill,IIIK) 
 
 W. H. Gratwick estate, . 
 
 IIIII.IIIH) 
 
 Kate L. Hamlin 
 
 IIHI.IIIKJ 
 
 Frank K. Howard, . . . 
 
 25,1100 
 
 George R. Howard, . . 
 
 50. IKK) 
 
 E. L. Hedstrom estate, . 
 
 .5(I,(K)0 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. 
 
 In the fall of 1903, in addition to the three high schools — Central, Masten, and Lafayette — 64 public schools 
 were open under the supervision of the Department of Education. There were engaged 1,278 teachers, of whom 
 1,200 were women, and 78 men. The number of pupils registered was 60,188, in addition to 3,277 attending the 
 night schools. The 60,188 were distributed as follows: teachers' training school, 49; high schools, 2,985 ; 
 primary and grammar schools, 55,844; kindergartens, 1,164; truant school, 146. Schools No. 21, on Hcrtcl 
 Avenue, near Elmwood Avenue, and No. 61, on Grider Street and Leroy Avenue, are in the course of con.struc- 
 tion, and an addition is being built to No. 58, on Rother Avenue, near Walden Avenue. .V new building in the 
 place of School No. 41, is to be erected on the site of Jefferson Park, near Broadway, and a new school will be 
 built in 1904 in the Kensington district. (See pages 23 and 159, Part One.) 
 
 BUILDING Ol'ERATIUNS. 
 
 During the year 1902, January 1 to December 31, 2,109 building permits were issued by the Bureau of Build- 
 ing of the Department of Public Works, involving an estimated cost of §5,433,078. During the year 1903, to 
 October 30, 1,675 permits were issued, estimated cost, $3,687,283. The total for the entire year of liH)3 was 
 estimated : 1,825 permits, estimated cost, f4. 387, 283. 
 
 GRADE CROSSING IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 On pages 31 and 160, of Part One, will be found facts relating to the grade-crossing improvements of the city. 
 A subsequent report made at the beginning of the year 1903 showed that the cost of completed structures had 
 amounted to 1:4,944,498.22, and that in 1903 work on Louisiana, Elk, and Van Rensselaer streets, l-illmore Ave- 
 nue North Division, Emslie, and Eagle streets was completed at a cost of $920,844.35. Work on Clinton Street. 
 to cost i38,495, on Perry Street, to cost 1163,089, on William Street, to cost $108,900, and on Fulton Street, to 
 cost $9,000, was under contract at the close of 1903. 
 
240 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PEOPLE. —Councilmen. 
 (See page 233.) 
 
 WILLIAM GERMANN. 
 
 JOHN J. SMITH. (Reelected.) 
 
 
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 DR. H. H. BINGHAM. JOHN F. BARTH 
 
 By courtesy of The Illustrated Buffalo Express. October U, 1903. CopyriylUed, 1903, by The J. N. Matthews Co. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURV BUFFALO. ^Al 
 
 POST-OFFICE. 
 
 The business of the Buffalo Post-office shows an important increase in all departments. The followinB "e 
 the figures for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1903 : Receipts, $1,117,800.18, an increase of |,87 IM 78 over 
 previous year; money orders, general office only, 791,309 transactions, amountinu to .*U,18,';,354'lO as com- 
 pared with 678,367 transactions, amounting to #11,820.707.08, an increase of 11,-},(K)2 transacl'ion* in amount 
 $2,364,647.02. For the quarter ending September 30, 1903, there were 20.5,901 transactions, amounting to 
 $3,804,399.98, a considerable increase over the same period in 1902. 
 
 UNITED STATES PENSION AGENCY. 
 
 United States Pension Agent, Charles A. Orr, reported, Nov. 4, 1903, that the number of pensioners on the 
 rolls, June 30, 1903, were 47,264 ; and the amount disbursed for the year ending June 30, 1902, was :*6,;n4,4.'j7. 15 ; 
 as compared with 48,239 on the rolls, June 30, 1903, amount disbursed for the year ending June 30 1903* 
 $6,356,551.75. (See Part One, page 45. ) 
 
 INTERNAL REVENUE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Adolph G. Frankenstein, Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue, reported that the internal revenue taxes 
 collected at Buffalo in the fiscal year ending June 30. 1903, amounted to $1,296,468.17, and from that dale to Nov. 
 1, 1903, $950,752.94. (See Part One, page 47.) 
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE. 
 
 Henry W. Brendel, Collector of Customs for the Port of Buffalo, reported that the value of exports for the 
 fiscal year ending June 30, 1903, was $18,090,148, and from that date to Nov. 1, 1903, $7,380,063 ; value of free 
 goods for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1903, $1,605,138; and from that date until Nov. 1, 1903, $703,632; 
 value of ^dutiable goods $4,281,191, and from that date until Nov. 1, 1903, $l,23i5,514. (See Part One, page 39.) 
 
 THE NEW BREAKWATER. 
 
 Work on the new breakwater was begun May 19, 1897, and was practically completed, September 25, 1903. 
 It comprises three parts, known as the stone section, 7,255 feet long ; the south harbor section, 2,739 feet long ; 
 and the Stony Point section, 8,803 feet long. Over 1,000,000 tons of stone were used in the construction. The 
 total cost was approximately $1,810,000. 
 
 STATE EXCISE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The cost of licenses issued by the State Excise Department for the City of Buffalo is now : for saloons and 
 hotels, $750 per annum ; for sale of liquor not to be drunk on the premises, |4.')0 ; for druggists, $7.50, and also 
 a ten cent stamp tax for liquor sold in pint packages ; special all night, $10 ; transfers, $10. The annual report 
 of the State Department covering the calendar year is issued in the following spring. 
 
 GROSVENOR LIBRARY. 
 
 The last statement made by Trustees Edward H. Butler, Josiah Jewett, and Ganson Depew of the finances of 
 the^Grosvenor Library, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1903, was as follows: The total receipts were 
 $27,357.57, as follows; Balance from preceding year, $6,141.75; received from City of Buffalo, $19,387.93; 
 sale' of duplicate books, .$137.50 ; interest from book fund, $1,583.14 ; interest from bank deposit, $107.25. 
 The expenditures for the year were $18,155.17, leaving a balance of $12,191.29. The chief items of the 
 expenditures were $5,963.88 for books and periodicals, $1,300.57 for fuel and lighting, and $8,572.29 for salaries. 
 
 THE BUFFALO LIBRARY. 
 
 The officers of the Buffalo Library for 1903 are the same as those for 1902. (See Part One, page 73.) 
 
242 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 Photo by Hall. 
 
 NEIL McEACHREN. 
 
 President of the Common Council, 1903. Re-elected .Alderman, -^Ist Ward. 
 (See page '.Sii..! 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 243 
 
 BUFFALO FINE ARTS ACADEMY. 
 
 The officers of the Buffalo Fine Arts Academy for 1903 are : Presulenl, E.lmun.l flaycs ; Vice-President 
 Carleton Sprague ; Secretary, Willis O. Chapin ; Treasurer, William H. Gralwick. 
 
 BUFFALO ASSOCL\TION SONS OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 The officers of the Buffalo Association Sons of the Revolution for 1903 are : President, Charles B. Wheeler ; 
 Vice-President, Charles W. Williams ; Secretary and Treasurer, George W. Comstock. 
 
 BUFFALO HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 The officers of the Buffalo Historical Society for 1903-1904 are the same as those chosen for the previous year : 
 President, Andrew Langdon ; Vice-President, George A. Stringer ; Treasurer, Charles J. North ; Secretary, Frank 
 H. Severance. (See Part One, page 79.) 
 
 BUFFALO GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 The officers of the Buffalo Genealogical Society for 1903 are : President, Mrs. Edward C. Hawks ; Vice- 
 President, Dr. Joseph W. Grosvenor ; Registrar, Mrs. Louise Bethune ; Secretary-Treasurer, Edward D. Strick- 
 land. Trustees for three years : Dr. Joseph W. Grosvenor, Miss Annie S. Woodcock, Alfred L. Becker, and Miu 
 
 L. Estelle Fowler, to serve out one year of an unexpired term. 
 
 BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. 
 
 The officers of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences for 1903-1904 are : President, Hon. T. Guilford Smith ; 
 First Vice-President, Frank H. Goodyear; Second Vice-President, George L. Williams; Third Vice-President, 
 Dr. Lee H. Smith ; Recording Secretary, Dr. Carlos E. Cummings ; Corresponding Secretary, James Savage ; 
 Treasurer, Charles R. Wilson ; Librarian, Philip S. Smith ; Directors for three years, Edgar B. Stevens, Ottomar 
 Reinecke, Henry A. Richmond, Henry R. Howland ; Director for two years, to take the place of Adolf Duschak, 
 resigned, Dr. Ernest Wende ; Director for one year, to take the place of John C. Nagle, deceased, Henry L. 
 Elmendorf. 
 
 HUMANE SOCIETY (E. C. S. F. T. P. O. C. T. A.). 
 
 The officers of the Erie County Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals for 1903 are : President, 
 DeWitt Clinton ; Honorary President, E. A. Rockwood ; First Vice-President, C. M. Underhill ; Second Vice- 
 President, Mrs. L. Doty ; Recording and Corresponding Secretary, Miss Margaret F. Rochester ; Financial 
 Secretary, Mrs. Ulysses S. Utley ; Treasurer, Charles A. Utley ; Directors, Mrs. Pascal P. Beals, Mrs. W. L. 
 Caudell, Mrs. D. M. Cheney, Mr. DeWitt Clinton, Mrs. DeWitt Clinton, Mrs. William B. Cutter, Mrs. Doty, 
 Mrs. Edwin Fleming, Miss Matilda T. Karnes, Mr. Charles E. Wheeler, Mr. Archibald M. Hazar<l, Mrs. F. 
 Hyatt Smith, Miss Lucy S. Lord, Mrs. Charles M. Morse, Miss Margaret F. Rochester, Col. E. A. Rockwood, 
 Dr. B. F. Rogers, Mr. C. M. Underhill, Col. Charles H. Utley, Mr. Walter T. Wilson, Mr. George K. Howard, 
 Mr. Frank H. Goodyear, Mr. Clinton B. Gibbs. 
 
 ERIE COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 The officers of the Erie County Medical Society for 1903 are : President, Dr. Ernest Wende ; Vice-President, 
 Dr. John D. MacPherson of Akron ; Secretary, Dr. F. C. Crane ; Treasurer, Dr. E. Clark ; Librarian, Dr. W. 
 C. Callanan; Censors, Drs. Irvine Potter, Jolin B. Coakley, Henry R. Hopkins, H. C. Lapp, and Frank E. 
 Fronczak. 
 
 BUFFALO CATHOLIC INSTITUTE. 
 
 The officers of the Buffalo Catholic Institute for 1903 are : President, P. J. Shifferens ; Vice-President. James 
 Gerard Smith ; Recording Secretary, Stephen V. O'Gorman ; Financial Secretary, Frank H. Wanenmacher ; 
 Treasurer, J. H. Ullenbruch ; Managers, John M. Fornes, Max J. Bcierl, the Reverend H. B. Laudenbach, 
 
 William M. Bork, J. J. Hurley. 
 
244 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
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TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 245 
 
 LOWER LAKES RECIPROCITY LEAGUE. 
 
 The officers of the Lower Lakes Reciprocity League, organized in 1903, arc : I'rcsiilenl. Tracy C. Becker. 
 Counselor-at-law ; Vice-President, Alonzo C. Mather, President of the Mather Stock Car Company ; Treasurer. 
 A. J. Wheeler, President Western Savings Bank ; Chairman Board of Directors, George B. Montgomery, President 
 Montgomery Door and Box Company ; Secretary, Campbell Shaw, Chairman of Standing Committee of Naliooal 
 Reciprocity League on Reciprocity with Canad.-i. 
 
 UNITED TRADES AND LABOR COUNCIL. 
 
 The officers of the United Trades and Labor Council for 1003 are : President, Archie Grant ; Vice-Presidenl, 
 George Lippman ; Recording Secretary, John Clark ; Financial Secretary, Frank Seilz ; Treasurer, John Coleman ; 
 Business Agent, John Coleman ; Trustees, S. T. Gilnar, James Boland, and J. Taylor ; Sergeant-at-Arms, W. 
 Chapman. The officers, excepting treasurer and financial secretary, are elected for six months. 
 
 CLUBS AND SOCIETIES. 
 
 The officials chosen by the following clubs and societies for 1903 were : 
 
 Buffalo Clue.— President, Frank H. Goodyear; First Vice-President, J. J. McWilliams ; Second Vice- 
 President, Pendennis White ; Third Vice-President, Carlton M. Smith ; Secretary, Robert W. Pomeroy ; Treasurer, 
 Richard B. Lyman; House Committee, H. C. Harrower, Chairman, H. M. Gerrans and Walter J. Donaldson. 
 
 Saturn Club. — Dean, Jesse C. Dann ; Vice-Dean, William T. Atwater ; Registrar, Lyman M. Bass; Burser, 
 Shepard Kimberly ; House Committee, Charles ^L Ransom, Chairman, John A. Mann, L. H. Tyng. 
 
 University Club. — President, William H. Glenny ; Vice-President, Carlton R. Jewett ; Secretary, Harry L. 
 Taylor ; Treasurer, Kneeland Ball ; House Committee, Elbert B. Mann, Chairman, George B. Barrcll, Louis E. 
 Desbecker ; Library Committee, William Nichols, Chairman, Henry P. Emerson and T. Guilford Smith ; 
 Auditing Committee, Charles B. Wheeler, Chairman, Charles Sumner Jones, George L. Lewis. 
 
 Colonial Club. — President, Robert A. Wallace; First Vice-President, F. C. Parchert ; Second Vice- 
 President, A. D. Cronk ; Treasurer, D. L. HaniiU; Secretary, William G. Justice; Directors, F. C. Parchert, 
 Robert H. Wallace, John S. Tyler, D. L. Hamill, C. Walter Belts, J. H. Rebstock, M. ^L Drake, Hugh McLean, 
 A. T. Stewart, W. H. Johnson, W. G. Justice, Joseph B. Thebaud, S. L. Gary, A. D. Cronk, and W. II. Howe. 
 
 Park Clue. — Vice-President, George S. Metcalfe; Treasurer, H. A. Meldrum ; Secretary, Bert L. Jones. 
 The Board of Governors or Directors consists of Mr. Metcalfe, Whitney G. Case, Charles R. Huntley, George 
 Urban, Jr., Bronson Rumsey, William H. Hotchkiss, John M. Satterfield, Dr. Lee H. Smith, H. A. Meldrum, 
 
 Frank S. McGraw, and Secretary Jones. 
 
 The Buffalo Paint, Oil, and Varnish Clue.— President, W. H. Andrews; Vice-President, .V. H. 
 Wright; Secretary, C. F. Tomlinson ; Treasurer, Albert G. Schule ; Directors, Mr. Elder, James Post, \V. II. 
 
 Kestin, and G. M. Worthington. 
 
 Cattaraugus County Society.— President, Richmond C. Hill ; Treasurer, Olin G. Rich ; Secretary, Ernest 
 F. Kruse, who constitute the Executive Committee. 
 
 Society of Vermonters.— President, Dr. DeWitt C. Greene; Vice-President, Dr. H. D. Ingraham ; 
 Secretary, Thomas H. Noonan ; Treasurer, Walter H. Johnson ; Chaplain, the Rev. Frank S. Fitch, D. V. 
 
 Ohio Society. — President, Charles H. Hard ; First Vice-President, E. G. Mansfield ; Second Vicc-Presidenl. 
 Calvin S. Grosser ; Third Vice-President, Dr. F. S. Fitch ; Fourth Vice-President, M. J. Caton ; Secretary. 
 William H. Mains ; Treasurer, W. T. Bushman. 
 
 Allegany County Society.- President, John E. Middaugh, Jr.; Vice-President, Andrew Ungdon ; 
 Secretary, Royal L. Scott ; Treasurer, Harry Hoover. 
 
246 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 
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TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 247 
 
 REVIEW OF 1903 AND OUTLOOK. 
 
 The year 1903 was one of steady progress in the business affairs of Twentieth Century Buffalo, and in some 
 branches the commercial advancement was very marked. In the industrial field there were numerous imporlanl 
 developments, enlargements and improvements, many of which will be found especially mentioned in previous 
 pages of this edition of Twentieth Century Biiffalo. At the Lackawanna Steel Plant the work was far 
 enough advanced in October to permit the manufacture of the first batch of steel rails, and the works of the 
 Buffalo & Susquehanna Iron Company are rapidly approaching completion. 
 
 Among the new factories completed or establishments enlarged during 1903 were those of the George Urlian 
 Milling Company, 50 employes ; the Buffalo Dental Company, 100 emplo)6s ; American Cabinet Company, Ken- 
 more, 400 employes ; Pratt & Lambert, varnish works, Tonawanda Street, 150 employes ; Wooil & Brooks Com- 
 pany, piano key factory, Kenmore, 500 employes ; Buffalo Cereal Company, Elk Street, 100 employi-s ; Clifton 
 Manufacturing Company, factory, Black Kock, 400 employes ; E. R. Thomas Motor Company, Niagara Street, 
 200 employes ; Rapin Brake Shoe Company, West Shore shops, 200 employes ; Duffy Brothers, silk factory, 
 Broadway and Belt Line, 400 employes ; Jacob Dold Packing Company, addition, William Street, 100 employC-s ; 
 Kurtzman Piano Company, addition, Niagara Street, 50 employes ; Hard Manufacturing Company, Tonawanda 
 Street, new plant, 200 employes; Taylor Signal Company, new plant. Belt Line, 700 employi™ ; .\merican 
 Radiator Company, new plant. Black Rock, 1,000 employes ; United States Rubber Reclaiming Company, Bab- 
 cock Street, 400 employes ; Cyphers' Incubator Company, Court Street, 200 employes ; Sitiney Shcpard & Co., 
 new plant, Sandusky Street, 200 employes; McLennan French Paint Company, addition. Black Rock, 100 
 employes ; McKinnon Dash Company, Black Rock, 100 employes ; George W. Miller Car Wheel Works Van 
 Rensselaer Street, 100 employes; Buffalo Lounge Company, new plant, Hamburg Street, 1.50 employis ; United 
 States Steel Tube Company, Kensington, 300 emplo)6s ; Buffalo Meter Company, Terrace, 150 employi-s ; M. 
 Bernhard, factory for making bar fixtures and billiard tables, 150 employes ; Phelps Company, chocolate works. 
 Seneca Street, 200 eniplo)6s ; Barcalo & Boll Manufacturing Company, Sandusky Street, 2.50 employes ; Buffalo 
 Gasoline Motor Company, Niagara Street, 150 employes ; Jewett Refrigerator Works, Chandler Street, 150 
 employes ; Cornice Brake Company, Chandler Street, 100 employes ; Monarch Acetylene Gas Machine Company, 
 Terrace, 50 employes ; Western Wire Works, Terrace, 25 employes. 
 
 Among the works rapidly approaching completion at the close of 1903 were the following : Lackawanna Steel 
 Company, Stony Point, 10,000 employes, f 50,000,000 capital ; Buffalo & Susquehanna Iron Company, South 
 Buffalo, '1,000 employes, $6,000,000 capital ; Buffalo & Susquehanna Railway Company, ^10,000,000 capital ; 
 Snow Steam Pump Works, addition, Roberts Avenue, 800 employes ; Buffalo Foundry Company, Belt Line, 300 
 employes ; Wright-Taper Roller Bearing Works, Main Street, near Erie tracks, 300 employts, ^500,000 capital ; 
 Larkiii Soap Companv, Seneca Street, large addition, 300 employes ; Buffalo Pottery Company, pottery works, 
 Seneca Street, 400 emplovfes, $200,000 capital ; F. W. Burt Box Company, Seneca Street, addition, 200 employis ; 
 Kello(T<r Linseed Oil Woiks, large addition, Ganson Street, 400 employes ; Pratt & Letchworth Company, crucible 
 steel plant Black Rock, 20O employes ; Collins Baking Company, cracker factory, Clinton Street, 300 employes ; 
 United States Headlight Company, new factorv, Black Rock, 200 employes ; Buffalo Structural Steel Company, 
 new plant. Black Rock, 150 employes ; Hvgienic Food Company, Fillmore Avenue and Belt Line, 400 employes ; 
 Washburn-Crosbv Flour Mill, Ganson Street, 200 employes; Atlas Oil Works, new car shop. Elk Street, 200 
 employes; Schoellkopf-Hartford-Hanna Com|>any, new factory buildings, Buffalo river, 2t)0 employes; IL K. 
 Bird shoe factorv. East Buffalo, 100 employes; Niagara Lithographic Company, new factory on Niagara Street, 
 near Albany, lOO'employis ; HO and Force Mills, Elk Street, 250 employes ; Pennypacker Cooperage Con.pany, 
 Ganson Street, 25 employes. 
 
 Twentieth Century Buffalo is gradually reaching the importance as a wholesale distributing center to which it 
 is entitled by its favorable geographical location and its unrivaled transportation facilities. Among the newly 
 organized wholesale houses are the Clawson-Wilson Company, dry goods, and the Buffalo Hardware Company, 
 
 both extensive establishments. 
 
 The financial affairs of Twentieth Century Buffalo at the close of 1903 were in a very satisfactory condition 
 Municipal bonds continue to hold a very high position among public securities, a large amount of outside capital 
 was invested in these and in real estate during the year. The continued prosperity of the people was indicated by 
 a steady increase in the volume of deposits in savings banks and in trust companies. The augmentation of general 
 banking business was very clearly indicated by the transactions of the clearing house, which each month during 
 the year 1903 showed an important increase over the clearances of the same months of the preceding year. The 
 total for the first ten months of 1903 was $270,430,657.82 as compared with $245,446,887.72 for the correspond- 
 ing period in 1902, an increase of nearly $29,000,000. t-u 1 . b: : 1 „„«r. m.Hr 
 
 No important changes were made in the status of existing banking institutions. The last ofncial repo made 
 by the largest of Buffalo's bank, the Marine National, made November 17th, showed a v g..„f,,ng c^.ulmon 
 the deposfts on that date amounting ,0 $13,671,809.44 as compared with .*13,382,368.78 in the statement made 
 November 25, 1903. QSee page 1.) 
 
248 TWENTIETH CENTURY BUFFALO. 
 
 A new trust company, the Commonwealth, was organized during the year with E. O. McNair as President, 
 and the Bank of Buffalo opened a branch office at 628 Main Street, under the name of the Market Bank, with 
 George Meadway in charge as cashier. A new bank has been organized to operate at West Seneca for the new 
 South Buffalo district. 
 
 The most important event in the history of Buffalo, except the inauguration of the Erie Canal itself in 1825, 
 was the adoption by popular vote at the State election, November 3d, of the proposition to enlarge and improve that 
 great waterway from Buffalo to the Hudson River at an estimated cost of $101,000,000, so as to allow the passage 
 of fleets of barges of 1,000 tons capacity each. The enormous benefits which will accrue to Buffalo from the 
 improvement and enlargement of the Erie Canal cannot well be overestimated. Among those who have been 
 most active and intelligent in their persistent and consistent advocacy of the enlarged canal are Hon. George 
 Clinton, a grandson of Governor Clinton, Hon. George A. Davis (page 46, Part One), Hon. Henry W. Hill 
 (page 145, Part One), Hon. John Cunneen (page 144, Part One), Hon. Robert Lynn Cox (page 146, Part 
 One), Tohn J. McWilliams (page 86, Part One), O. P. Letchworth (page 98, Part Two), and Leonard Dodge 
 (page 150, Part Two). 
 
 Of those whose portraits appear in this edition of Twentieth Century Buffalo it is to be regretted that 
 several deaths have to be recorded. Among those who "passed away" during the year 1903 were William H. 
 Walker (page 16, Part One), Edward P. Beals (page 85, Part One), Charles Berrick and J. H. Tilden (who 
 appear in the Builders' Exchange group on page 112, Part One), Clarence W. Hammond (page 4, Part Two), 
 Robert Denton (page 210, Part Two). 
 
 THE KEYSTONE WAREHOUSE COMPANY AND KEYSTONE TRANSFER 
 
 COMPANY. 
 
 The extension of the interests and operations of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company in Buffalo has led to the 
 development of several extensive enterprises, among the most important of which is that of the Keystone Ware- 
 house Company and its associate organization. The Keystone Transfer Company. These two corporations, which 
 are practically under the same management, represent an investment of over $600,000, and are consequently 
 very notable additions to the business interests of Twentieth Century Buffalo. The Keystone Warehouse Com- 
 pany has erected a building for its purposes, which is as complete and especially suited for warehousing purposes 
 as any of its kind in the country. It is very advantageously located between Hamburg and Alabama streets, with 
 a frontage of nearly 300 feet on Seneca Street, having a floor space of 300,000 square feet, is fitted with electric 
 elevators and has every facility for warehousing all kinds of goods in a secure and effectual manner. The structure 
 has the additional advantage of being absolutely fireproof. It has direct railway track connections -with the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Company, so that the cars can enter the warehouse from the rear and thus enable delivery 
 to be made with great promptness and facility by and to all lines of railroad. The warehouse, which will provide 
 accommodations for all kinds of merchandise, will be ready for occupancy about April 1, 1904. The officers of 
 the Keystone Warehouse Company, which was organized in 1903, are : President, J. H. Poole ; Vice-President, 
 Bayard Henry ; Secretary and Treasurer, J. R. Trimble. 
 
 On page 73, reference is made to the inauguration of the business of the Keystone Transfer Company, 
 which, as already stated, is an associate organization with the Keystone Warehouse Company. Although the 
 business of the transfer company has only been operated in Buffalo for about a year, it has already developed to 
 great importance, requiring a considerable increase over its original large equipment of horses, wagons, and appli- 
 ances for transfer work on a large scale. In addition to its complete outfit for its general transfer work, it has 
 special facilities for hauling and handling effectively consignments of merchandise for delivery in, or reshipment 
 from, ButTalo in connection with all railroad lines. The company is the authorized transfer agents of the Pennsyl- 
 vania Railroad Company. It owns all its stables and equipment. The stables, stor.ige, and working offices of 
 the company are located at Seneca and .-Mabama streets. The officers are : President, J. H. Poole ; Secretary and 
 Treasurer, J. R. Trimble ; Superintendent, Ernest F. Snyder. The general offices of the Keystone Warehouse 
 Company and the Keystone Transfer Company are at 925 Fidelity Building. 
 
 ADAMS EXPRESS COMPANY. 
 
 On page 69 will be found the statement that the Adams Express Company would come to Buffalo in the near 
 future. July 1, 1903, the company having succeeded the American Express Company on all the lines of the Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad Company, opened fine otHces at the corner of Main and Swan streets, with W. A. Masterson in 
 charge as agent. The company is fully equipped for all departments of the express business and has introduced 
 an extensive outfit of wagons, for its city traffic, propelled by electric storage battery power, an innovation that is 
 highly appreciated. 
 
TWENTIETH CENTURY 
 
 BUFFALO 
 
 AN ILLUSTRATED COMPENDIUM 
 OF HER MUNICIPAL, FINANCIAL, 
 INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL, AND 
 GENERAL PUBLIC INTERESTS. 
 
 EDITION OF 1903. 
 
MARINE NATIONAL BANK 
 OF BUFFALO. 
 
 CAPITAL, $230,000.00 
 
 SURPLUS, $1,500,000.00 
 
 UNDIVIDED PROFITS, Nov. 17, 1903, $751,181.10 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 STEPHEN M. CLEMENT, President. JOHN J. ALBRIGHT, Vice-President. 
 
 JOHN H. LASCELLES, Cashier. 
 
 HENRY J. AUER, CLIFFORD HUBBELL, 
 Assistant Cashiers. 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 J. J. Albright, Walter Scranton, 
 
 Stephen M. Clement, Moses Taylor, 
 
 George L. Williams, Cornelius Vanderbilt, 
 
 E. H. Hutchinson, Edmund Hayes, 
 
 George B. Mathews, Frank H. Goodyear, 
 
 C. W. Goodyear, Wm. H. Gratwick, 
 
 Wm. H. Hotchkiss, Charles H. Keep, 
 John H. Lascelles. 
 
 ABSOLUTELY SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS. 
 
THE PEOPLE'S BANK 
 
 OF BUFFALO, N. ^. 
 
 CAPITAL, $300,000. 
 SURPLUS AND UNDIVIDED PROFITS, $100,000. 
 
 ORGANIZED MAY 20, 1889. 
 
 .V. D. UISSELL, President. CH.\RI,1;s R. HUNri.KV. Vice-President. 
 
 E. J. NEWELL, .Assistant Cashiek. 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 Daniel O'Day, Standard Oil Company. JosErii Seei', Stanilaril Oil Company. 
 
 J. T. Jones, Capitalist and Oil Producer. c. K. HtiNTLEV, Mgr. Buffalo Hen'l Elcciric Co. 
 
 Chas. F. Bishoi' (Ex-Mayor of Huffalo), Whole- jr q g Mh i er Brewer 
 
 sale Teas, Coffees and Spices. 
 
 , TT r c II 1 1,- I ., William Richardson, Capitalist. 
 
 [OHN Hughes, of Swope, Hughes, Walt?, & , •o..p..u.i3,. 
 
 Penstead, Live Stock Dealers. .\RrnuR D. BisSEH., Vice-President. 
 
 WE INVITE YOUR ACCOUNT. SEND US YOUR COLLECTIONS. 
 
 THE WABASH R.R. 
 
 The Direct and Only Line with its Own Rails Running From 
 
 ^=BUFFALO 
 
 TO 
 
 WORLD'S FAIR GROUNDS AT ST. LOUIS, MO. 
 
 TRAINS 
 
 AT CONVENIENT HOURS 
 LEAVE BUFFALO DAILY. 
 
 Full Information, Sleeping Car Reservations Secured. 
 Ticket Office, Ellicott Square. 
 
 C. S. CRANE, K. F. KELLEY, 
 
 General Passenger and Ticket Agent, General Agent Passenger Depanment. 
 
 St. LOUIS, Mo. BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
THE 
 
 Keystone Warehouse Co. 
 
 BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 J. H. POOLE, President. BAYARD H ENRY, Vice-President. J. R. TRIMBLE, Secretary and Treasurer . 
 
 AMPLE ACCOMMODATIONS. 
 
 ABSOLUTE FIREPROOF CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 UNEQUALED LOCATION. 
 
 DIRECT CONNECTION WITH ALL RAILROADS. 
 
 WAREHOUSES: Fronting on Seneca Street, between Hamburg 
 and Alabama streets. Cars enter Warehouses from rear, enabling deliv- 
 ery to be made by any railroad. 
 
 First block of warehouses, containing over a million cubic feet of 
 space, ready for occupancy April 1, 1904. 
 
 OFFICES: 925 Fidelity Building, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 KEYSTONE \ , TRANSFER CO. 
 
 ■Jm 
 
 J. H. POOLE, .^..J^l \ ^- ^- TRIMBLE, 
 
 PresJUenl. *. <|Wi^^ \ C* t \ Vice-President, 
 
 ERNEST F. SNYDER, Superintendent. 
 
 Fully equipped in every department for general transfer work. All 
 kinds of machinery hauled and erected. Consignments of merchandise 
 effectively handled for delivery in or reshipment from Buffalo. All 
 lines of railroad. 
 
 AUTHORIZED FREIGHT TRANSFER AGENTS OF THE PENNSYLVANIA R. R. 
 
 GENERAL OFFICE : 925 Fidelity Building. 
 SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE: Seneca and Alabama Sts. 
 

 
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