Class Book- lllAi A COMPLETE DESCRIPTIVE AND STATISTICAL GAZETTEER UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, CONTAINING A PARTICULAR DESCRIPTION OF THE STATES, TERRITORIES, COUNTIES, DISTRICTS, PARISHES, CITIES, TOWNS, AND VILLAGES MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, LAKES, CANALS, AND RAILROADS; WITH AN ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS AND STATISTICS FOR 1840, EXHIBITING A COMPLETE VIEW OF THE AGRICULTURAL, COMMERCIAL, MANUFACTURING, AND LITERARY CONDITION AND RESOURCES OF THE COUNTR'Y. BY DANIEL "HAS K EL, A.M. Late President of the University of Vermont ; f ^ AND jfCALVIN SMITH, Guograpber, Author of a new Map of the United States, &c. NEW YORK: PUBLISHED BY SHERMAN & SMITH, 1 • l'>-2 Broadway, corner of Cedur street. ■Tiipj. Entered, According to Act of Congress, in the year 1843, by George E. Sherman and J. Calvin Smith, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York. jT /. Stereotyped by R. C. VALENTINE, 45 Gold Street, New York. HITCHCOCK & STAFFORD, Printers, New Haven, Ct. V V V \ , .» PREFACE. The present is eminently a proper time in which to prepare a Gazetteer of the United States. The progress of the country in population, in agriculture, in com- merce, in manufactures, and in education, has recently been ascertained with great labor and expense by the census, and it is important that this, and other continually accumulating information, should be widely diffused. All former gazetteers are rendered obsolete by the census, which has but recently become available, and by the rapid changes which the country is undergoing, particularly in its newer por- tions. The progress of the United States is unexampled in the history of the world. A little more than two hundred years since, the country was an unbroken forest, inhabited by a sparse population of savages, who camped on its streams or roamed through its woods, to obtain a precarious subsistence from fishing and the chase. No plough had furrowed the soil, no flocks and herds of domestic animals spread over its hills or grazed in its valleys, no fields of grain covered its fertile plains ; no roads connected distant parts of the country, no bridges spanned its rivers, no mills plied on its waterfalls. Its large rivers rolled in mighty volume to the ocean, but they bore on their surface nothing but the clumsy raft and the frail canoe of the Indian. But what a change has two centuries wrought ! The little bands of James- town and of Plymouth have become a mighty nation, whose commerce whitens every ocean and penetrates every sea, whose name is known and respected to the ends of the earth, and whose institutions and improvements attract the attention of the civilized world. Great have been the toil and privation and hardship which were necessary to fell this immensity of forest, to change the wilderness into culti- vated fields, to rear villages and cities, and to overspread the country with its various and noble works of improvement. But the pioneers of civilization were a body of men who shrunk not from labor and suffering, that they might perpetuate their prin- ciples, and rear a country which should constitute a noble legacy to their posterity. The following work is designed to exhibit the present condition of the United States ; — its progress in agriculture, in commerce, in manufactures, and in general im- provement. To do this, the best sources of information have been resorted to. The materials of American geography have been accumulating for a long course of years, by the labor and research of many gifted minds ; and he who should at- tempt to construct a gazetteer independently of the labors of his predecessors, would be chargeable with great folly. It would be a long and ostentatious catalogue to pre- sent the names of the authors who have been consulted in the preparation of the fol- lowing work. It is sufficient to say that the best works on American geography have 4 been consulted, and such use has been made of them as is consistent with the rights of others ; while much new and valuable information has been derived from a writ- ten correspondence, continued for several years, with intelligent gentlemen in various parts of the country, for whose communications a respectful acknowledgment is ten- dered. Hundreds of new counties, towns, and post-offices, are described in this work, which are not to be found in any preceding gazetteer. All the existing post-offices in the United States, at the date of this publication, will be here found, with their bearing and distance from the capital of the state in which they are located, and their distance from Washington. To effect this, the new post-office book was obligingly furnished by the Hon. Charles A. Wickliffe, Postmaster-General, as the sheets were issued from the press, which is greatly more complete and correct than the similar work previously in existence. Distances have been more correctly ascertained, and the whole brought down to the present time. The greatest source, however, from which this gazetteer has been enriched, is the recent census of the United States, and its very minute and valuable statistics: and an acknowledgment is due to the Hon. Daniel Webster, Secretary of State, for generously transmitting the vol- ume of the statistics, before it could have been otherwise obtained. The above work, in its present form, published by Congress, is voluminous and inconvenient to con- sult for general purposes, though exceedingly valuable as a public document ; and had the following work done nothing more than furnish an abstract of this, in a form suitable for general reference and use, it would have accomplished an important object. That great labor has been encountered in the preparation of this work, will be evident to all persons acquainted with such undertakings. It is not constructed upon the basis of any former work. Every article has been prepared expressly for this gazetteer ; and it will be found to have all the originality which can be reasonably expected. That in a work involving such an immense number of particulars no mistakes have occurred, it would be presumptuous to affirm ; though the utmost pains have been taken to avoid them. The United States census may have some errors ; it is, however, the nearest approximation to the truth, in regard to the whole country, which can be obtained for ten years to come. The authors commit their work to the public, in the confident expectation that the great amount of labor employed in compiling it will not have been spent in vain. EXPLANATION ABBREVIATIONS MADE USE OF IN THIS WORK. In the preparation of this work, in order to a great condensation of its matter, many ellipses and abbreviations have been necessary. It is presumed that every reader would prefer an accumulation of facts, to smoothness, and even regularity of periods. A little attention will render them familiar, and m most instances their import will suggest itself, without explanation. acad. Academy. N. H. New Hampshire. Ala. Alabama. N.J. New Jersey. Ark. Arkansas. N. Y. New York. bush. Bushels. 0. Ohio. cap. Invested capital. Pa. Pennsylvania. C. H. Court house. par. Parish. CO. County. Pop. Population. Ct. Connecticut. p-t. Post township. Del. Delaware. p-v. Post village. Dist. District. p-b. Post borough. for. Foreign. ret. Retail. fac. Factory. R. I. Rhode Island. rior. Florida. sq. ms Square miles. Ga. Georgia. S. C. South Carolina. hund. Hundred. sch. Common school, or isl. Island. schools. la. Indiana. Te. or Tenn. Tennessee. 111. Illinois. t. . Township. lo. Iowa. Va. Virginia. Ky. Kentucky. Vt. Vermont. La. liouisiana. Wis. Wisconsin. m. m. ms. Mill or mills. Mile, miles. W. \ Following a number, Washington City. manufac. Manufactures. yds. Yards. Me. Maine. ' North, South, East, Ms. or Mass. Massachusetts. West, and so of Miss. Mississippi. N. S. E. w. other points of the Mo. Missouri. compass. mt. mts. Mountain, mountains. Md. Maryland. Where no date is attached to the pop- N. C. North Carolina. ulation, it is understood to be that of 1840. EXAI IPLE. AuBURN, p-v., capital of Cayuga co., N. Y., 154 w. Albany, 333 W. There are 59 stores, cap. $341,447 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 4 flouring m., 2 saw m., 3 furnaces, 4 printing offices. Cap. in manufac. $643,.550. 1 college, 48 students, 2 acad. 250 students, 9 sch. 740 scholars. Pop. 5,626 : — Which should be read — Auburn, post village, capital of Cayuga county. New York, 154 miles west of Al- bany, 333 miles from Washington' City. There are 59 stores, with a capital invest- ed of $341,447 ; 1 woollen factory, 1 cotton factory, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 4 flouring mills, 2 saw mills, 3 furnaces, 4 printing offices. Capital invested in manufactures, $643,550. 1 college, with 48 students, 2 academies, with 250 stu- dents, 9 common schools, with 740 scholars. Population, 5,626. In the Northern states, every county is divided into townships, generally from 4 to 6 miles square, though their dimensions vary. In New England, the principal village takes the name of the township in which it is situated ; but in some parts of the township, a village occasionally has a different name from that of the township. In New York, the villages have frequently an incorporation distinct from that of the township in which they are situated, and the village is often more prominent than the township ; and in some instances, persons who know well the location of a pro- minent village, might not be able to name the township in which it is situated. The same is to a degree true in the states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and In- diana. In the states south of Pennsylvania and of the Ohio river, and in Illinois, there is no such subdivision as townships ; as an incorporated district, and a collec- tion of houses, whether few or many, is called a town. In the following work, t. denotes a township, and v. a village, or collection of houses, whether few or many, whether with or without an incorporation. In South Carolina, districts answer to counties in other states, and in Louisiana, parishes. In Delaware, hundreds an- swer to towns. In those states where the division of townships does not obtain, the census was taken only by counties, and the statistics, therefore, will be found under the heads of the counties. GENERAL DESCRIPTION THE UNITED STATES The United States of America occupy the middle division of North America, and are bounded north by British and Russian America ; east by New Brunswick and the Atlantic ocean ; south by the Gulf of Mexico, Texas, and Mexico ; and w-est by the Pacific ocean. It lies between 25° and 54° of north latitude, and between 66° 50' and 125° west longitude from Greenwich ; or between 9° 35' east, and 48° 20' west longitude from Washington. Its greatest length is 3,000 miles, and its greatest breadth is 1,700 miles, containing about 2,300,000 square miles. It has a frontier Ime of about 10,000 miles ; a sea coast of 3,600 ; and a lake coast of 1,200 miles. It con- tains about one twentieth of the habitable land of the whole earth. The population in 1790 was 3,929,328; in 1800, 5,309,758; in 1810, 7,239,903; in 1820, 9,638,166; in 1830, 12,856,165; in 1840, 17,062,666; of which 2,487,113 were slaves. Employed in agriculture. 3,717,756; in commerce, 117,575; in manufactures and trades, 791,545; navigatingthe ocean, 56,025; navigating rivers, lakes, canals, &c., 33,067 ; in mining, 15,203 ; learned professions, 65,236. The territory of the United States is divided into 26 states and three territories, each of which has a separate government, and the District of Columbia. The following is a list of the states, — which are divided into the northern or eastern, the middle, the southern, and the western, — their population in 1840, and their capitals. Northern, or Eastern States. — ilfaine, 501,793, Augusta; A'ew Ham/Js/iiVe, 284,574, Con- cord; Vermont, 292,948, Montpelier ; Massachusetts, 737,699, Boston; Rhode Island, 108,830, Newport and Providence ; Connecticut, 309,978, Hartford and New Haven. Middle States. — Neio York, 2,428,921, Albany; New Jersey, 373,306, Trenton; Pennsylva- nia, 1,724,033, Harrisburg ; Delaware, 78,085, Dover ; Maryland, 469,232, Annapolis. Southern States. — FiVg'inia, 1,239,797, Richmond ; North Carolina, 't&2,'iVi, Raleigh; South Carolina, 594,398, Columbia; Georgia, 691,392, Milledgeville ; Alabama, 590,756, Tuscaloosa; Mississippi, 375,651, Jackson ; Louisiana, 352,411, New Orleans. Western States. — Ohio, 1,519,467, Columbus ; Kentucky, 779,828, Frankfort ; Tennessee, 829,210, Nashville ; Michigan, 212,267, Detroit; Indiana, &Qb,m&, Indianapolis; Elinois, 476,183, Springfield ; Missouri, 333,702, Jefferson City ; Arkansas, 97,574, Little Rock. Territories. — District of Columbia, 43,712, Washington ; Florida, 54,477, Tallahassee ; Wis- consin, 30,945, Madison; Iowa, 43,112, Iowa city. Washington, on the Potomac river, in the District of Columbia, is the capital of the United States, and became such in the year 1800. The country has every variety of surface and of soil. It has two principal, and anumber of les- ser ranges of mountains. Tlie two principal are the Allegliany and the Rocky mountains. The Alleghany mountains commence in the south, in Alabama, and run in a northeast direction, generally in a number of separate ridges, with a breadth of from 60 to 120 miles, and at a distance from the sea coast of from 250 to 80 miles, and terminate in the Cattskill mountains, on the west of Hudson river. The general height of the Alleghany range is about 2,000 or 3,000 feet above the level of the ocean, but not more than one half of this above the level of their base. The highest peak in this range is Black movuitain, in the west part of North Carolina, which is 6,476 feet Round Top, the highest peak of the Catslall mountains, is 3,804 feet. 8 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF Tlie Rocky mounlains may be regarded as a part of the great chain of the Cordilleras, and ex- tend from Mexico to 70° north latitude, running at an average distance of 600 miles from the Pacific, and with a general height of about 9,000 feet, though some peaks are much higher. Some have estimated them from 20 to 25,000 feet. ITie Green mountains commence near New Haven, in Connecticut, and run north through this state, Massachusetts, and Vermont, to Canada. Mansfield mountain, the highest peak, iu a town of the same name, in Vermont, is 4,280 feet high. The White mountains in New Hampsliire are very elevated, the highest peak, Mount Washing- ton, being 6,428 feet high. West of Lake Champlain, in the state of New York, are some high mountains, the highest peak of which. Mount Marcy, is 5,460 feet. The waters west of the Rocky mountains generally flow into the Pacific, though north of the United States, Unjigah, or Peace river, passes this great barrier, and enters the Northern ocean. The Mississippi, with its great tributaries, drains the country between the Rocky and Alleghany mountains, excepting a few of an inferior class, which flow into the great northern lakes. East of the AUeghanies, tlie rivers flow into the Atlantic ocean. A great portion of the vast valley of the Missis.sippi is level, or moderately uneven. The surface of the Eastern, or New England states, is hilly or mountainous. The Atlantic coast south of Long Island, to the distance gene- rally of 100 miles from the ocean, is a sandy plain, but little elevated above the level of the ocean. But back of this, the country is hilly, until it rises into mountains. The soil of New England, with the exception of the valley of the Connecticut river, is general- ly rocky and rough, though in some parts fertile, better adapted to grazing than to grain. The low country on the Atlantic coast, has a light and rather barren soil, excepting on the margins of the rivers ; but the hilly country back of this is fertile. The soil, generally, in the valley of the Mississippi, is fertile. But toward the Rocky mountains, the country is barren ; though the ex- tensive prairies are adapted to grazing, as is proved by the vast herds of buffaloes which have found a subsistence there. The soil west of the Rocky mountains is in some parts fertile, but gen- erally but moderately productive. Beef, pork, butter, and cheese are the principal productions of the Eastern states ; though grains of various kinds are raised for home consumption. Wheat is the staple of the Middle states. In the northern portion of the Southern states, wheat and tobacco are cliiefly cultivated ; and further south, cotton, rice, and sugar. Throughout the United States, Indian corn, an mdigcnous grain, is extensively cultivated, and forms a most important crop. — (For the Agricultural statistics, see the particular states.) Among the minerals, iron ore, coal, limestone, and salt are exceedingly abundant. The leaj region in Missouri, Plinois, Wisconsin, and Iowa, is probably the finest in the world. Gold is foun.l to a considerable e.xtent in Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia; and marble and gypsum arc very extensive. Extending, as the United States does, through 20 degrees of latitude, differing greatly in differ- ent parts in the elevation of its surface, it must, of course, have a great variety of climate. In the northern part, it is subject to great extremes of heat and cold, but the climate is generally healthy. In the southern portion, along the Atlantic coast, and the Gulf of 3Iexico, the climate from July to November is unhealthy. The elevated portion of the country is generally healthy. The Western states, with the exception of some low and marshy portions, have a fine and salu- brious climate. There are many large and extensively navigable rivers, furnishing an immensity of water power for mills and manufactories, and great facilities for navigation and commerce. The following are the principal rivers which flow into the Atlantic, with about their length in miles : Penob- scot, 250 ; Kennebec, 200 ; Androscoggin, 170 ; Saco, 160 ; Merrimac, 200 ; Connecticut, 410 ; Hudson, 324 ; Delaware, 300 ; Susquehanna, 450 ; Potomac, 500 ; James, 500 ; Roanoke, 400 ; Cape Fear, 350 ; Pedee, 450 ; Santee, 450 ; Savannah, 500 ; Altamaha, 400 ; St. Johns, 300. The fol- lowing rivers flow into the Gulf of Mexico : Appalachicola, 500 ; Alabama, 600 ; Tombigbee, 450 ; Mississippi, 3,000. The following are tributaries of the Mississippi : Red river, 1,500 , Ar- kansas, 2,150; White river, 1,200; Missouri, 3,180; Kansas, 1,100; Platte, 1,600; Osage, 500; Yellowstone, 1,100 ; Ohio, 1,350; Illinois, 500; Des Moines, 800 ; Tennessee, 900 ; Cmnberland, 600; Wabash, 500. The following rivers are west of the Rocky mountains : Columbia, 1,500; Multnomah, 900 ; Lewis's, 900; Clarke's, 600. The above, include their remote sources. The two largest lakes which lie wholly in the United States are Michigan, 330 miles long and 60 broad ; and Champlain, 120 miles long and 15 broad. But the great lakes Superior, 380 miles long, and 130 broad ; Huron, 240 by 150 ; Erie, 240 by 60 ; and Ontario, 190 by 55, are one half in the United States, the boundary passing through the middle of them. There are many smaller lakes, for an account of which, see the particular states. The Gulf of Mexico, on the south of the United States, is a large branch of the Atlantic ocean which receives the waters from the great Mississipjji valley The Chesapeake, Delaware, Massa THE UNITED STATES. chusetts, and Penobscot are the largest bays. The principal sounds are Long Island, Albemarle, and PamHco. The principal capes are Cape Ann, Cod, May, Henlopen, Cliarles, Henry, Hatteras, lookout. Fear, and Sable. Among the principal harbors, proceeding from north to south, are Portland, Portsmouth, Boston, JNewport, New London, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Norfolk, Charleston, Savannah, 3Io- bile, and New Orleans. The following are the most populous towns in the United States, with the number of inhabitants of each in 1840. New York, 312,710,- Philadelphia, 228,691 ; Baltimore, 102,313; New Orleans, 102,193; Boston, 93,383; Cincuinati, 46,338; Brooklyn, 36,233; Albany, 33,721; Charleston, 29,261; Washington, 23,364 ; Pro\'idence, 23,171 ; Louisville, 21,210; Pittsburg, 21,115; Lowell, 20,796; Rochester, 20,191 ; Richmond, 20,153 ; Troy, 19,334; Buffalo, 18,213; Newark, 17,290; St. Louis, 16,459; Portland, 15,218; Salem, 15,082. The people of the United States are principally an agricultural people. The extent of their ter- ritory, and the fertility of the soil, contribute to tliis result. Their agricultural resom-ces are al- ready immense, and they are but partially developed : they are capable of becoming the granary of the world. The following agricultural statistics, derived from the census of 1840, show a pro- gress, remarkable as it is encouraging. There were in the United States in 1840, 4,335,669 horses and mules ; 14,971,586 neat cattle ; 19,311,374 sheep; 26,301,293 swine; poultry to the value of 89,344,410. There were produced 84,823,272 bushels of wheat; 4,161,504 of bariey ; 123,071,341 of oats ; 18.645,567 of rye ; 7,291,743 ofbuckwheat; 377,531,875 of Indian corn ; 35,802,114 pounds of wool ; 1,238,502 of hops ; 628,303 of wax; 108,298,060 bush, of potatoes ; 10,248,108 tons of hay ; 95,251 of hemp and flax ; 219,163,319 pounds of tobacco ; 80,841,422 of rice ; 790,479,275 of cotton; 61,552 of silk cocoons ; 155,100,809 of sugar ; value of the products of the dairy, 833,787,008 ; of the orchard, §7,256,904 ; of lumber §12,943,507. There were made 124,734 gallons of wine. In its commerce this country is the second on the globe, being inferior only to Great Britain. In 1340 the capital invested in foreign trade, by importing and commission merchants, was $119,295,367 : m domestic retail dry goods and other stores, 8250,301,799; in the fisheries, 816,429,620. The registered tonnage of the United Slates is 899,764; the enrolled and licensed, 1,176,694; fishing vessels, 104,304 ; total, 2,180,764. Of the registered and enrolled tonnage there were employed in the whale fishery, 136,926. The foUawing table exhibits the imports and exports of the several states and territories, for the year end- ing September ZOth, 1840. ST.iTES AND TERRITORIES. Maine, New Hampshire, Vennont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Cormocticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, . Maryland, . District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, . Mississippi, Louisiana, Ohio, Kentucky, . Tennessee, l^Iichigan, Florida, l^Iissouri, Total, VALUE OF I.MFORTS. VALDE OF EXTORTS. Domestic Produce. In Amer. vessels. In foreign vessels. 8628,762 114,647 404,617 16.513,858 274,534 277.072 60,440,750 19,209 8,464,882 802 4,910,746 119.852 545.085 252,532 2,058,870 491,428 574,651 10,673,190 4,915 2,241 28,938 138,610 190,728 10.600 8959,903 19,676 305,150 5,504,441 203,006 518,066 17,329,071 14,833 5,282,456 37,001 4,098,139 643.950 4,518,632 343,981 7,750,546 3,979,912 10,483,694 850,00 1,085 763,717 144 5,347,538 454,000 1,396,831 107,479 251,305 43,503 2,230,470 2,883,04 2,371,000 Total. 27,182,807 5,815,252 864,164 127,790 162,229 1,829,191 21,518 81,009,910 29,761 305,150 6,268,158 203,006 518,210 22,676,609 14.8S3 5,736,456 37,001 5,495,020 751,429 4,769,937 387,484 9,981,016 6,862,959 12,854,694 32,998,059 991,954 162,229 1,850,709 Foreign produce. Total of do- mestic and foreign pro- duce. 107,141,519192,030,898 21,864,736[ll3,895,634 18,190,312 132,085,946 88,359 218 3,918,103 3,933| 1 1,587,471 ' 1,193 1,083,689 273,748] 2,4941 8,283 55,753 1,238,877 8,141 81,018,269 20,979 305,150 10,186.261 206,989 518,210 34,264,080 16,076 6,820,145 37,001 5,768,768 753,923 4,778,220 387,484 10,036,769 6,862,959 12,854,694 34,236,936 991,954 162,229 1,858,850 The total amount of the toimage of the United States for the year 1840, was 2,190,615 tons. 10 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF The following table will show the amount of imports from, and exports to, each foreign country, durin" the year ending September 30th, 1840. " COUNTRIES. Russia, .... Prussia, .... Sweden and Norway, . Swedish West Indies, . Denmark, .... Danish West Indies, . Hanse Towns, Holland, . . . , Dutch East Indies, Dutch West Indies, Dutch Guiana, Belgium, .... England, .... Scotland, .... Ireland, .... Gibraltar, .... Malta, Mauritius, .... Cape of Good Hope, . British East Indies, British West Indies, . British Honduras, British Guiana, British American colonies, . Australia, .... British African ports, . France, .... French West Indies, . French Guiana, . Bourbon, .... Hayti, Spain, Teneriffe and other Canaries, Manilla and Fliilippine islands, Cuba, . . Other Spanish West Indies, Portugal, .... Madeira, .... Fayal and the other Azores, Cape de Verd islands, Italy, .... Sicily, Ionian islands, Greece, Trieste, .... Turkey, .... Morocco, .... Texas, .... Mexico, .... Venezuela, .... New Granada, Central America, Brazil, .... Argentine republic, Cisplatine republic, Chili, r . . . Peru, .... Republic of Ecuador, South America, generally, Cliina, • • . . Europe, generally, Asia, generally, Africa, generally, Arabia, .... West Indies, generally. South Seas, Sandwich Islands, Atlantic ocean, Northwest coast of America, Uncertain places, Total, VALUE OF IMPORTS. $2,572,427 59,304 1,217,913 57,545 7,501 969,177 2,521,493 1,074,754 817,897 396,479 37,766 274,867 33,114,133 525,217 98,349 32,567 28,471 32,324 1,952,461 1,048,165 158,353 10,973 2,007,767 122,141 17,572,876 335,251 1,252,824 1,684,665 150,522 450,251 9,835,477 1,898,732 222,884 309,524 38,138 29,348 1,157,200 649,525 43,027 5,138 373,365 563,476 62,138 303,847 4,175,001 1,355,166 217,382 189,021 4,927,296 293,562 494,402 1,616,859 438,495 28,685 6,640,829 284,452 372,537 13,762 16,293 1,525 VALUK OF EXPORTS. Domestic produce. $234,856 43,353 435,092 98,710 76,183 918,931 3,367,963 3,345,264 132,751 259,438 52,118 1,834,229 51,951,778 2,022,636 217,762 643,344 14,610 8,319 35,816 280,404 2,907,584 132,095 118,896 5,889,215 84,847 18,919,327 483,595 945,365 353,419 11,816 90,589 5,331,471 770,420 97,341 93,819 10,471 82,611 1,189,838 303,217 1,590,356 119,745 937,072 969,938 554,267 57,922 130,661 2,145,863 280,144 82,102 1,372,254 96,042 469,186 63,976 170,734 511,215 376,715 177,229 Foreign produce. 720 107,141,519|113,895,634 18,190,312 132,085,946 Total. $934,625 43,115 115,134 3,610 17,868 180,518 830,496 511,046 202,552 42,916 486,426 5,096,88'. 28,304 257,110 45,386 153 197 351,791 58,000 58,371 538 204,035 6,022 2,922,227 30,656 100 81,849 8,874 11,579 30,927 979,044 29,208 5,724 22,858 5,623 2,809 283,347 33,923 196,264 156,873 281,199 1,545,403 229,605 77,329 87,285 360,711 89,132 67,628 356,575 28,291 540,780 138,092 43,048 2,514 65,200 540 $1,169,481 86,468 550,226 102,320 94,051 1,099,449 4,198,459 3,856,310 335,303 302,354 52,118 2,320,655 57,048,660 2,050,940 217,762 900,454 59,996 8,472 36,013 632,195 2,965,584 190,466 119,434 6,093,250 90,869 21,841,554 514,251 100 1,027,214 362,293 23,395 121,516 6,310,515 799,628 103,065 116,677 16,094 85,420 1,473,185 337,140 1,786,620 276,618 1,218,271 2,515,341 783,872 135,251 217,946 2,506,574 369,276 149,730 1,728,829 124,333 1,009,966 63,976 308,826 554,263 379,229 242,429 1,260 THE TTNITED STATES. 11 ThefoUoxmng table exhibits the value of the exports of the growth, produce and manufacture of the Uni- ted States, for the year ending September 30th, 1840. THE SEA. Fisheries — Dried fish, or cod fisheries, . $541,058 Pickled fish, or river fisheries, (herring, shad, salmon, mackerel) 179,106 Whale and other fish oil, 1,404,984 Spermaceti oil. 430,490 Whalebone, .... 310,379 Spermaceti candles, 332,353 THE FOREST. Skins and furs. 1,237,789 Ginseng, .... 22,728 Products of wood — Staves, shingles, boards, hewn tim. 1,801,049 Other lumber, 270,933 Masts and spars, . 29,049 Oak bark and other dye, 229,510 All manufactures of wood, 596,305 Naval stores, tar, pitch, rosin and tur- pentine, .... 602,529 Ashes, pot and pearl, 533,193 AGRICULTURE. Product of animals — Beef, tallow, hides, horned cattle. 623,373 Butter and cheese, 210,749 Pork, (pickled,) bacon, lard, live hogs, 1,894,894 Horses and mules, 246,320 Sheep, ... 30,698 Vegetable food — Wheat, 1,635,483 Flour, 10,143,615 Indian corn, .... 338,333 Indian meal, .... 705,183 Rye meal, .... 170,931 Rye, oats, and other small grain, and pulse, .... 113,393 Biscuit, or shipbread, 428,988 Potatoes, .... 54,524 Apples, 55,131 Rice, 1,942,076 Tobacco, 9,883,957 Cotton, 63,870,307 All other agricultural products — Flaxseed, .... 120,000 Hops, 11,235 Brown sugar, .... 45,940 Indigo, 209 MANUFACTURES. Soap, and tallow candles. 451,995 Leather, boots and shoes, 214,360 Household furniture, 295,844 Coaches and other carriages, . 74,416 Hats, 103,398 Saddlery, .... 59,517 Wax, Spirits from grain, beer, ale and porter Snuff and tobacco. Lead, .... Linseed oil, and spirits of turpentine, Cordage, Iron, pig, bar and nails, Castings, All manufactures of Spirits from molasses, Sugar, refined Chocolate, Gunpowder, Copper and brass. Medicinal drugs. Cotton piece goods — Printed and colored, White, Nankeens, Twist, yam and thread, All other manufactures of Flax and hemp — Cloth and thread, Bags and all manufactures of Wearing apparel. Combs and buttons, Brushes, .... Billiard tables and apparatus. Umbrellas and parasols. Leather and morocco skins not sold per pound. Printing presses and type. Fire engines and apparatus, Musical instruments. Books and maps. Paper and stationery. Paints and varnish, . Vinegar, Earthen and stone ware, Manufactures of glass, Tin, .... Pewter and lead, Marble and stone, Gold and silver, and gold leaf, Gold and silver coin, Artificial flowers and jewelry, Molasses, .... Trunks, .... Brick and lime. Domestic salt, . Articles not enumerated — Manufactured, Other articles, 59,685 $128,330 813,671 39,687 63,348 43,510 147,397 115,664 841,394 283,707 1,214,658 2,048 117,347 86,954 122,387 398,977 2,925,257 1,200 31,445 192,728 7,114 1,128 152,055 40,299 12,263 2,471 9,654 19,557 17,105 6,317 12,199 29,632 76,957 34,631 6,401 10,959 56,688 7,501 15,296 35,794 1,965 2,235,073 9,479 9,775 6,607 16,949 42,246 403,496 740,305 113,895,634 The manufactures of the United States, though inferior to its agriculture and its commerce, have recently received much attention, and have risen to great respectability. A large amount of cap- ital has been invested in them, and they not only supply a great resource for home consumption, but also, to a considerable extent already, for exportation. This great source of national wealth and prosperity has but recently begun to be developed. Duruig the colonial state, and even long after, there were few manufactures excepting those of the domestic and family kind. Before the revolution, it was the policy of the mother country to dis- courage colonial manufactures, and a distinguished statesman expressed the sentiment of the gov- ernment when he said, " that he would not suffer America to manufacture a hob-nail for herself, if he could prevent it." But the state of things is wonderfully altered now. Home-made or family goods were produced in 1840 to the amount of $29,023,380. The cotton manufactories were 1,240, with 2,284,631 spindles ; employed 72,119 persons ; produced articles to the value of $46,350,453 ; and had a capital employed of $51,102,359. The woollen manufactures employed 21,342 persons, produced goods to the amount of $20,696,999, and employed 12 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF a capital of $15,765,124 ; and paper manufactures a capital of $4,745,239. Hats and caps were manufactured to the amount of $8,704,342 ; straw bonnets to the amount of $1,476,505 ; tanneries, &c. employed 26,018 persons, and a capital of $15,650,929 ; and saddleries and other leather manu- factories, a capital of $12,881,262 ; carriages and wagons employed 21,994 persons, and produced the value of $10,897,887, and employed a capital of $5,551,632 ; mills of various Idnds employed 60,788 persons, produced to the amount of $76,545,246, and employed a capital of $65,858,470. Vessels were built to the amount of $7,016,094. Furniture was made to the amount of $7,555,405, by 18,003 persons, and a capital was employed of $6,989,971. There were 1,552 printing offices, 447 binderies, 138 daily newspapers, 125 semi or tri-weekly, 1,141 weekly, 227 periodicals, the whole employing 11,523 persons, and a capital of $5,873,815. The capital employed in the manu- facture of iron, was $20,432,131 ; in glass manufactures, $2,084,100, which produced articles to the amount of $2,890,293. The anthracite coal employed a capital of $4,355,602 ; and the bituminous, of $1,868,862 ; the lead, a capital of $1,346,756. The total amount of capital employed in manu- factures of every kind, was $267,726,579. The revenue of the United States has arisen chiefly from customs on imports, and from the Sale of the public lands. The National Government has rarely resorted to direct taxation. By these means, the government was enabled, January 1st, 1837, not only to complete the payment of the public debt, contracted during two wars with Great Britain, but had, after reserving $5,000,000, a surplus of $37,468,859, which, agreeably to an act of Congress of June 23d, 1836, was mostly deposited with the States, according to the number of their electoral votes, liable to be recalled in case of necessity, but with little expectation probably that it would ever be called for. The great expense of the Indian war in Florida, and the diminution of the customs arising from the stagnation of trade, have caused the expenses of the government to exceed the income, so that a small debt has been contracted. The public lands have recently been a great source of revenue. These lands have been ceded to the United States by the new States, or have been derived from the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, and of Florida in 1819. These lands are considered as belonging to the native tribes of Indians who inhabit them, until the title has been regularly extinguished by pur- chase and by treaty. Wlien this has been done, they are surveyed and sold at a dollar 25 cents the acre, as the lowest price. The amount paid into the Treasury of the United States in 1839, arising from the sale of public lands, was $7,076,447. For the first three quarters of 1840, it was $2,630,217. By an act of Congress of 1841, it was ordered that the amount of these sales should hereafter be divided among the States. The revenue for 1840 was $28,234,512; and the ex- penditure for the civil, military, naval, and other expenses, was $26,643,656. The U. States have about 100,000,000 acres of public land surveyed and unsold, and vastly more which is not surveyed. The Mint of the United States is established at Philadelphia ; and recently, branches have been established at Charlotte, North Carolina ; Dahlonega, in Georgia ; and at New Orleans, Louisiana. The Mint and its branches received for coinage, gold found in the United States, from 1824 to 1840, to the amount of $6,373,025. The amount of gold, silver, and copper coins pro- duced at the Mint in Philadelphia, in 1840, was $2,260,667. The following table exhibits a general view of the regular army of the United States, according to the law of 1842, which consists of— Commissioned officers * . 712 Eight regiments of Infantry, each composed of non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates, 510 4,080 Four regiments of Artillery, each composed of non-commissioned officers, musicians, and privates, 660 2,640 Two regiments of Dragoons, each composed of non-commissioned officers and privates, 660 1,320 Cadets 260 Total 9,012 The following exhibits the reduction of officers and soldiers from the previous establishment : — 1 Cora. General, 2 Surveyors, 10 Assistant Surgeons, 1 Inspector General, 6 Military Store- keepers, 3 Paymasters ... 23 Privates reduced in Infantry .... 3,152 » " Artillery .... . ..... 203 «' " Dragi-oons • . 178 Whole reduction ... 3,561 TTie principal reliance of the country for defence is on the Militia of the several states, amounting in the whole, on the 21st November, 1841, according to the latest official returns, to 1,587,722, distributed among the several states as shown in the following table. THE UNITED STATES. 13 States and Territories. Date of return No. of militia. States and Territories. Date of return. No. of militia. Maine, .... 1840 46,338 Alabama, 1840 44,332 New Hampsliire, 1839 28,762 Louisiana, 1830 14,803 Massachusetts, 1840 90,857 Mississippi, 1838 36,084 Vermont, 1840 26,307 Tennessee, 1830 73,991 Rhode Island, 1840 4,491 Kentucky, 1840 82,335 Connecticut, 1840 43,176 Ohio, 18.36 173,214 New York, 1840 162,172 Indiana, 1833 53,913 New Jersey, 1829 39,171 Illinois, 1831 27,336 Pennsylvania, . 1840 257,178 Missouri, 1840 34,856 Delaware, 1827 9,229 Arkansas, 1825 2,028 Maryland, 1839 46,864 Michigan, 1831 5,476 Virginia, .... 1840 105,522 Florida Ter. 1831 2,413 North Carolina, 1838 65,218 Wisconsin Ter. 1840 5,223 South Carolina, 1840 48,817 Iowa Ter. no rt'n Georgia, . . . 1840 57,312 Dist. of Columbia, 1832 1,249 1,587,722 The navy of the United States, though not large in comparison with those of some other na- tions, is undoubtedly the most efficient in proportion to its size of any in the world. It con- sisted, in July 1841, of 11 ships of the line ; 15 frigates of the 1st class ; 2 frigates of the 2d class ; 21 sloops of war ; 4 brigs ; 8 schooners ; besides 2 steam frigates, and several smaller steam vessels. The United States have navy-yards at the following places : Portsmouth, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Washington, Norfolk, and Pensacola. There were in the Navy, 30th September, 1841, 68 Captains ; 97 Commanders ; 328 Lieutenants; 70 Surgeons ; 57 Assistant Surgeons and Passed Assistant Surgeons ; 63 Pursers ; 24 Chaplains ; 103 Passed Midshipmen ; 370 Midshipmen ; 30 Masters. There were in December, 1840, 13,633 Post Offices. The revenue in 1840 was $4,539,265; and the expenditure was $4,759,111. The following are the rates of postage by mail. On a single letter composed of one piece of paper, for any distance not exceeding 30 miles, 6 cts. Over 30, and not exceeding 80, 10 ct. Over 80, and not exceeding 150, 125: cts. Over 150, and not exceeding 400, IBi cts. Over 400 miles, 25 cents. A letter composed of two pieces of paper, is charged with double these rates ; of three, with triple ; of four, with quadruple. One or more pieces of paper, mailed as a letter, and weigh- mg one ounce, shall be charged with quadj-uple postage ; and at the same rate, should the weight be greater. For each newspaper not carried out of the State in which it is published, 1 cent, or if carried over 100 miles out of the State in which it is published, li cents. Magazines and pamphlets, if published periodically, and distance not exceeding 100 miles, 14 certs per sheet; do. over 100 miles, 25 cents. If not puhlished periodically, and the distance not exceeding 100 mOes, 4 cents ; do. over 100 miles, 6 cents. Every printed pamphlet or magazine, which contains more than 24 pages on a royal sheet, or any sheet of less dimensions, shall be charged by the sheet ; and small pamphlets, printed on a half or quarter of a sheet, of royal or less size, shall be charged with half the amount of postage charged on a full sheet. The President of the United States, and the officers of the general government at Washing- ton, receive newspapers and letters free of postage. The members of both houses of Congress are not charged, excepting for a letter or package weighing over two ounces, when the excess is charged. Postmasters have also the privilege of receiving newspapers and letters free of postage under certain restrictions ; and printers of newspapers, receive newspapers without charge, with certain limitations. The constitution of the United States forbids the establishment of religion by law ; but every person, who does not interrupt the peace of society, is protected in the exercise of his religion. The voluntary principle, as it is sometimes called, has been found to be more efficient than any legal enactment for the support of religious institutions. 14 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF The following table exhibits the numbers of the different religious denominations in 1840. Churches, Churches, Denominations. or congre- Ministers. Denominations. or congre- Ministers. gations. gations. Baptists, 6,319 4,239 Menonites, , 200 " Freewill, 753 612 Methodists, 3,106 " Seventh Day, 42 46 " Protestant, . 400 " Six-Principle, 16 10 Moravians or U. Brethren, 24 33 Catholics, 512 545 ftlormonites. Christians, 1,000 800 New Jerusalem Church, 27 33 Congregationalists, 1,300 1,150 Presbyterians, 2,807 2,227 Campbellites, " Cumberland, 500 450 Dutch Reformed, 197 192 " Associate, 183 85 Episcopalians, 950 849 " Reformed, 40 20 Friends, 500 " A. Reforra'd, 214 116 German Reformed, . 600 180 Shakers, 15 45 Jews, Tunkers, 40 40 Lutherans, 750 267 Unitarians, 200 174 Universalists, . 653 317 The people of the United States, from the first settlement of the country, have been attentive to the cause of popular education, not only by making provision for the support of common schools and academies, and grammar schools, but by founding (perhaps too many) higher seminaries of learning. In less than 20 years after the first tree was felled, and the first log- house was erected in the wdlderness, by the Pilgrim Fathers of New England, Cambridge College was founded ; and the cause of education has been, from year to year, obtaining con- tinually, a stronger hold upon the community. A general impression exists in the public mind, that the perpetuity and prosperity of free institutions, depends upon the general intelligence of the people. A particular reference to the colleges will be found under the states, and a description of them under the towns where they are located. According to the census of 1840, there were in the United States 173 universities and col leges, with 16,233 students ; 3,242 academies and grammar schools, with 164,159 students ; 47,209 common and primary schools, with 1,845,244 scholars. In the above enumeration, theologi- cal and medical institutions, where they are separate from colleges, are ranked among miiversi- ties and colleges. Theological institutions for a professional education, to siicceed the collegiate, have been founded in different parts of the country, and by different denominations. They will be described under the places where they are located. One of the earliest law schools in the United States was founded in Litchfield, Conn., in 1798, by the Hon. Tapping Reeve, and taught afterwards by him, in connection with the Hon. James Gould. At this institution many of the principal civilians in the country have been educated. It is now discontinued. Others have been established in different places. An account of them will be found under the places where they are located. Numerous medical institutions have been founded for the education of physicians and surgeons. Many of the students have received an education at some college ; but this is not generally indis- pensable, where the acquirements of the candidate are respectable, in order to membership. They will be described under the places where they are located. The government of the United States is that of a confederated Republic, formed by a union of states, each of which has a local government, for the management of its immediate concerns. The powers of the general government are defined by the constitution, formed by delegates from the original states, submitted to the people, the only acknowledged sources of power, and by them adopted in state conventions, assembled for the purpose. It went into operation by the election and inauguration of Gen. George Washington, as first President, in 1789. The President of the United States, who possesses the supreme executive power, is chosen for the term of 4 years, by electors from each state, equal to the whole number of senators and repre- sentatives in the state. No person holding an office of trust under the government of the United States can be an elector. The person who has a majority of all the votes, is President ; but if no one has such majority, the House of Representatives choose a President from 3 candidates, having the greatest number of votes. In the election of President, the votes are given by states. A Vice-President is chosen at the same time, and in the same form. No person can be elected as President, who is less than 35 years of age, who is not a native bom citizen of the United States, or was not a citizen at the time of the adoption of the constitu- tion, and who has not been a resident in the United States for 14 years. The same qualifications are necessary for a candidate for the Vice-Presidency. The President is commander-in-chief of the army and navy, and of the militia when in the actual THE UNITED STATES. 15 service of the United States. With the advice and consent of the Senate, he makes treaties, ap- points ambassadors, and judges of the supreme court, and other officers of the national government, whose appointment is not otherwise provided for by the constitution. He takes care that the laws be executed, and commissions all officers. He has power to grant rt^prieves and pardons for all offences against the United States, except in case of impeachments. In maldng treaties, the con- currence of two thirds of the Senate is necessary. In case of the death, removal, or resignation of the President, the Vice-President succeeds to the duties of his office. The Senate consists of 2 members from each state, chosen by the legislature, for the term of 6 years. One third of the Senate is chosen every year. To be eligible as a senator, a person must be not less than 35 years of age ; and must have been a citizen of the United States for 9 years. It belongs to the Senate to try all cases of the impeachment of the President or Vice-President. The representatives are chosen for 2 years. No person can be a representative who is not 25 years of age, and who has not been for 7 years a citizen of the United States. The representa- tives are proportioned according to the number of inhabitants, and since the census of 1840, has been fixed at 70,680. In the enumeration, three fifths of the slaves are omitted. Congress has power to lay and collect taxes ; to provide for the common defence and general welfare ; to borrow money ; to regulate foreign and domestic commerce ; to establish uniform laws of naturalization and bankruptcy ; to coin money, and regulate its value ; to fix the standard of weights and measures ; to establish post-offices and post-roads ; to grant patent and copy -rights ; to constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court; to define and punish piracies, and offences on the high seas, and against the law of nations ; to declare war, and grant letters of marque and reprisal ; make rules respecting captures ; raise and support armies ; provide and maintain a navy ; provide for the calling out of the militia, to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions ; and to exercise exclusive jurisdiction over the District of Columbia. No member of Congress is allowed to hold any office under the Government of the United States, while he continues such. All bills for raising money must originate in the House of Repre- sentatives. The Judicial power of the United States is vested in a Supreme Court, consisting of a Chief Jus- tice, and 8 Associate Justices ; of 9 District Courts, consisting of a Judge of the Supreme Court, and a District Judge ; and 34 District Courts, held by a District Judge alone ; from whose decisions there is, in certain cases, an appeal to the Circuit Court, and from this to the Supreme Court. The Judges hold their offices during good behavior ; and their salaries cannot be diminished, during their con- tinuance in office. The Supreme Court meets annually at Washington, on the 2d Monday of January. The national existence of this country commenced July 4th, 1776, when the delegates from the states, in congress assembled, declared that " the United States are, and of right ought to be . free and independent ;" but long and arduous was the struggle by which they made good the declaration. With a population of about 3,000,000, and unprovided with the means of carrying on a war with one of the most powerful nations in the world, with stout hearts, indomitable perse- verance, and a devoted patriotism, they persevered in the contest, until complete success crowned their exertions. There was much in the colonial history of the country, which was well fitted to train up its inhabitants for freedom. In their early state, the colonies were much neglected by the mother country, and were left, in a great measure, to manage their own affairs in their own way ; and they were thus prepared to resist all the encroachments of the mother country and the royal governors, and finally to assert their independence. The Indian and French wars had trained them extensively to military operations ; and some of the colonial commanding officers in the French war, had fought side by side with British officers, to whom they were afterwards opposed in mortal combat. The hero who led the American armies to victory and triumph, had received the best possible military education, by being called to lead the colonial militia against the French at Fort du Quesne, (now Pittsburg.) After Braddock's defeat, he conducted the retreat of the shattered forces, in a masterly manner ; and if his advice had been followed in time, the British army would not probably have fallen into an ambush, and been defeated. President Davies, then a distinguished clergyman in Virginia, afterwards of Princeton College, in a sermon on this sub- ject, uttered more of a prophecy tiian he was aware of when he said, " that he could not but think, that heaven had preserved that brave youth. Col. Washington, for some signal service to his coun- try." Washington refused all compensation for his arduous services in the revolutionary war, excepting his expenses of which he kept an accurate account. The following are the principal battles of the revolution, with the commanders, and loss on each side. The war commenced with the battle of Lexington, April 19th, 1775. American loss, 84 ; British loss, 245. Bunker Hill, June 17th, 1775, American, Prescot, loss, 453 ; British, Howe, 1,054. Flathushy August 12th, 1776, British, Howe, loss, 400 ; American, Putnam & Sullivan, 2,000. ^Vhite 16 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF Plains, October 28th, 1776, American, Washington, 3 or 400 ; British, Howe, 3 or 400. Trenton, December 25th, 1776, American, Washington, 9 ; British, Rahl, 1,000. Frincelon, Jan. 3d, 1777, American, Washington, 100 ; British, Mawhood, 4lX). Bennington, August 16th, 1777, American, Stark, 100; British, Baum & Breman, 600. Brandywine, September 11th, 1777, British, Howe, 500; American, Washington, 1,000. Germantown, October 4th, 1777, British, Howe, 600 ; American, Washington, 1,200. Stillwater, October 17th, 1777, American, Gates, 350 ; British, Burgoyne, 600, 5,752 men surrendered. Monmouth, June 25th, 1778, American, Washington, 230 ; British, Clinton) 400. Rhode Island, August 29th, 1778, American, Sullivan, 211 ; British, Pigott, 260. Briar Creek, March 30th, 1779, British, Prevost, 16 ; American, Ash, 300. St07iy Point, July 15th, 1779, American, Wayne, 100 ; British, 600. Camden, August 16th, 1780, British, Comwallis, 375 ; American, Gates, 720. Cowpens, January 17th, 1781, American, Morgan, 72 ; British, Tarleton, 800. Guilford Court House, March 15th, 1781, American, Greene, 400 ; British, Cornwallis, 523. Eutaw Springs, Septem- ber 8th, 1781, American, Greene, 555, British, Stewart, 1,000. The war closed by the surrender at Yorktown, by Cornwallis, October 19th, 1783, of 7,073 British soldiers to Washington. The whole amount of the expenses of the revolutionary war, estimated in specie, was $135,193,703. The following table will show what proportion of the war was borne by the several states, to which the population in roimd numbers in 1790, is subjoined. States. Continentals. Militia. Pop. 1790. 1 States. Contuientals. Militia. Pop. 1790. New Hampshire, 12,497 2,093 141,0()0 Mass. including Me., 67,907 15,155 475,000 Rhode Island, 5,908 4,284 68,000 Connecticut, 31,959 7,792 235,000 New York, 17,781 3,304 319,000 New Jersey, 10,726 6,055 173,000 Pennsylvania, 25,678 7,357 431,000 Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Caroliiaa, Georgia, Total, 2,386 13,912 26,678 7,263 6,417 2,679 376 4,127 5,620 51,000 216,000 455,000 293,000 133,000 53,000 231,971 56,163 3,043,000 Vermont, which was not then admitted to the Union, bore her full share in the revolutionary war. Provisional articles of peace were signed in Paris, Nov. 30th, 1782, by John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, and Henry Laurens, on the part of the United States ; and Mr. Fitzherbert and Mr. Oswald on the part of Great Britain. The definitive treaty was signed September 30th, 1783. The Independence of the United States was acknowledged by Holland, April 19th, 1782 ; by Sweden, February 5th ; by Denmark, February 25th ; by Spain, March 24th ; by Russia in July 1783, and by Prussia in 1785. On the second Monday of May, 1787, delegates from the several states assembled at Philadel- phia, for the purpose of forming a constitution ; and George Washmgton was appointed to preside over them. On the 17th of September, after a debate of 4 months, a constitution was adopted, sign- ed by all the members, and sent to the several states for their approval. It was provided that the ratification of nine states should be sufficient for its establishment. It was warmly debated by the state conventions, but finally adopted by them all. (For the vote in the several states, see the particular articles on the states.) In several of the states amendments were recommended. The adoption of the constitution forms a most important era in the history of the United States, and its happy operation has perpetuated the blessings .secured by the blood and treasure expended in the revolution. The following liistory of its adoption is extracted from Morse's Geography, published in 1789, and written when the event was transpiring. It deserves to be perjjetuated. " In the small state of Delaware, a convention was called in November, which, after a few days' deliberation, ratified the constitution without a dissenting voice. " In tlie convention of Pennsylvania, held the same month, there was a spirited opposition to the new form of government. The debates were long and interesting. Great abihties and firmness were displayed on both sides ; but, on the 13th of December, the constitution was received by two thirds of the members. " In New Jersey, the convention which met in December, were unanimous in adopting the con- stitution ; as was likewise that of Georgia. " In Connecticut there was some opposition ; but the constitution was, on the 9th of January, 1788, ratified by tliree fourths of the votes in convention, and the minority peaceably acquiesced in tlie decision. " In Massachusetts, the opposition was large and respectable. The convention, consisting of more than three hundred delegates, were tiosembled in January, and continued their debates, with great candor and liberality, about five weeks. At length the question was carried for the constitu- tion by a small majority, and the minority, with that manly condescension which becomes great minds, submitted to the measure, and united to support the government. " In New Hampshire, the federal cause was, for some time, doubtful. Tlie greatest number of the delegates in convention were at first on the side of the opposition ; and some, who might have THE UNITED STATES. 17 had their objections removed by the discussion of the subject, were instructed to reject the constitu- tion. An adjournment was therefore moved and carried. Tliis gave the people opportunity to gain a further knowledge of the merits of the constitution, and at the second meeting of the conven- tion, it was ratified by a respectable majority. "In Maryland, several men of abilities appeared in the opposition, and were unremitted in their endeavors to persuade the people, that the proposed plan of government was artfully calculated to deprive them of their dearest rights ; yet in convention it appeared that five sixths of the voices were in favor of it. " In South Carolina, the opposition was respectable ; but two thirds of the convention appeared to advocate and vote for the constitution. " In Virginia, many of the principal characters opposed the ratification of the constitution with great abilities and industry. But after a full discussion of the subject, a small majority, of a numer- ous convention, appeared for its adoption. " In New York, two thirds of the delegates in convention were, at their first meeting, determined to reject the constitution. Here, therefore, the debates were the most mteresting, and the event extremely doubtful. The argument was managed with uncommon address and abilities on both sides of the question. But during the session, the ninth and tenth states had acceded to the pro- posed plan, so that by the constitution. Congress were empowered to issue an ordinance for organ- izing the new government. This event placed the opposition on new ground ; and the expediency of uniting with the other states — the generous motives of conciliating all differences, and the danger of a rejection, influenced a respectable number, who were originally opposed to the constitution, to join the federal mterest. The constitution was accordingly ratified by a small majority ; but the ratification was accompanied here, as in Virginia, with a bill of rights, declaratory of the sense of tlie convention, as to certain great principles, and with a catalogue of amendments, wliich were to be recommended to the consideration of the new congress, and the several state legislatures. " North Carolina met in convention in July, to deliberate on the new constitution. After a short session they rejected it, by a majority of one hundred and seventy-six against seventy-six. Tliis was the first state that had, in a formal manner, rejected the constitution. " Rhode Island was doomed to be the sport of a blind and singular policy. Tlie legislature, in consistency with the measures which had been Ijefore pursued, did not call a convention, to col- lect the sense of the state upon the proposed constitution ; but in an unconstitutional and absurd manner, submitted the plan of government to the consideration of the people. Accordingly it was brought before town-meetings, and in most of them rejected. In some of the large towns, particu- larly in Newport and Providence, the people collected and resolved, with great propriety, that they could not take up the subject ; and that tlie proposition for embracing or rejecting the federal con- stitution, could come before no tribunal but that of the state in convention or legislatiu-e." (North Carolina finally adopted the constitution in Nov. 1783 ; and Rhode Island in May, 1790.) " From the moment the proceedings of the general convention at Philadelphia transpired, the public mind was exceedingly agitated, and suspended between hope and fear, until nine states had ratified their plan of a federal government. Indeed, the anxiety continued until Virginia and New York had acceded to the system. But tliis did not prevent the demonstrations of their joy on tlie accession of each state. " On the ratification in Massachusetts, the citizens of Boston, in the elevation of their joy, formed a procession in honor of the happy event, vvlrich was novel, splendid, and magnificent. Tliis exam- ple was afterwards followed, and in some instances improved upon, in Baltimore, Charleston, Pliil- adelpliia, New Haven, Portsmouth, and New York, successively. Nothing could equal the beauty and grandeur of these exhibitions. A sliip was mounted upon wheels, and drawn through the streets ; mechanics erected stages, and exhibited specimens of labor in their several occupations, as they moved along tlie road ; flags with emblems, descriptive of all the arts and of the federal union, were mvented and displayed in honor of the government; multitudes of all ranks in life assembled to view the majestic scenes ; wliile sobriety, joy, and harmony, marked the brilliant exhibitions, by which the Americans celebrated the establishment of their Empire." The constitution was finally ratified by Congress, July 14th, 1788. On the first Wednesday of January, 1789, electors of President and Vice-President were appointed. The electors met on the 1st Wednesday of February, 178'J, and George Washington was unanimously chosen President, and John Adams was chosen Vice-President. Gen. Wa.shington v^'as inaugurated as first Presi- dent, on the 30th of April, 1789, in the open gallery of the old Federal Hall in New York, where the Customhouse now stands ; and at the conclusion, the mass of citizens in Wall-street, and far down Broad-street, rent the air with the hearty and universal shout, " Long live George Wash- ington !" 3 18 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE UNITED STATES. The following is a list of the Presidents of the United States. 1. George Washington, 2. John Adams, 3. Thomas Jefferson, 4. James Madison, 5. James Monroe, 6. John Quincy Adams, 7. Andrew Jackson, 8. Martin Van Buren, 9. William H. Harrison, 10. John Tyler, from 1789 to 1797 8 years. 1797 1801 4 1801 1809 8 1809 1817 8 1817 1825 8 1825 1829 4 1829 1837 8 1837 1841 4 of Virginia, Massachusetts, Virginia, Virginia,. Virginia, Massachusetts, Tennessee, New York, Ohio ; died 1 month after his inauguration, 1841. Virginia, as Vice-President, succeeded, 1841. Gen. Washington died suddenly, at his residence at Mount Vernon, December 14th, 1799, of an inflammation of the throat, at the age of 68 years ; and the nation everywhere mourned for him, as for a father. Funeral processions were formed, and funeral orations were delivered in almost every considerable place in the country ; and the respect of the world has added its sanction to the nation's tears. In 1803, Louisiana was purchased of the French, for $15,000,000 ; and Florida was ceded to the United States in 1821 by Spain, in compensation for spoliations on American commerce, for $5,000,000. On the 4th of June, 1812, war was declared with Great Britain by the American Congress, by a vote in the House of 79 to 49 ; and in the Senate by a vote of 19 to 13. This war continued with varied success, until peace was concluded at Ghent, December 24th, 1814, leaving the parlies in the condition in which the war was commenced, except the expenditure of money and of life. The original 13 states that adopted the constitution, were New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Vir- ginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia. To these, 13 new slates have been added ; Ver- mont in 1791, Kentucky in 1792, Tennessee in 1796, Ohio in 1802, Louisiana in 1812, Indiana in 1816, Mississippi in 1817, Illinois in 1818, Alabama in 1819, Maine in 1820, Blissouri in 1821, Arkansas in 1836 Michigan in 1836. A DESCRIPTIVE AND STATISTICAL GAZETTEER OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. ABI ACC Aaronsburg, p-v., Hains t., Centre co., Pa. It is at the eastern extremity of Penn's valley, near Penn's creek, 32 ms. Bellefonte, 89 n. w. Harrisburg, 181 W. It contains a Lutheran church, 2 stores, 80 dwellings, and about 450 inhabitants. Aaron's Run, p-c, Montgomery co., Ky., 65 E. Frankfort, 520 W. Abbeville district, S.C, situated in the w. part of the state. It lies between the Savannah and Saluda rs., drained principally by branches of the Savannah r. ; the surface is agreeably diversified, well watered and fertile. Capital, Abbeville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 28,642, sheep 12,973, swine 54,939; wheat 93,104 bush, pro- duced, rye 2,445, Ind. corn 1,135,834, oats 104,606, potatoes 33,699, silk cocoons 266 pounds, tobacco 1,200, cotton 8,526,482; 12 for. com. houses, cap. $68,000; 16stores, cap. $178,139; 14 distilleries, 7 tanneries, 10 floiu-mg m., 42 gi-ist m., 24 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $84,555. 11 acad. 412 stu- dents, 50 sch. 1,115 scholars. Pop. 1830, 28,149; 1810, wMies 13,830, slaves 15,148, free col'd 323 ; total, 29,351. Abbeville, p-v., capital of Abbeville district, S. C, 97 w. Columbia, 259 W. Situated on a small branch of Little r. in the centre of the district. It has a court house, a jail, an arsenal, a maga- zine, and several stores and dwellings. Abbeville, p-v., capital of Henry co., Ala., 211 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 837 W. Situated on Yatta- yabba cr. : has a court house and 400 inhabitants. Ab^yville, p-v , Medma co., O.. 5 Medina, 123 N. E. Columbus, 35'7W. It has 15 houses, 1 store, cap. S60"0 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. 55. Abbot, p-t., Piscatiquis co., Me., 70 n. by e. Augusta, 131) N. by e. Portland, 674 W. The Piscatiquis r. passes through its centre. Incorpo- ratedinlS27. It has 12 sch. 314 scholars. Pop.661. Abbott's creek, p-o., Davidson co., N. C. Abbot's Mills, p-o., Rutherford co.,Tenn., 40 s. e. Nashville, 668 W. Abbottstown, p-v., Berwick t., Adams co., Penn., 18 s. York, 29 s. Harrisburg, 88 W. It is on Beaver cr. a branch of the Conewago creek. It contains 2 chui-ches, 3 stores, and 75 dwellings. Abel's Creek, p-o., Arkansas co., Ark., 84 s. e. Little Rock, 1,149 W. Aberdeen, p-v., Monroe co.. Miss., 168 n. Jack- son, 899 W. Situated on the w. side of Tombig- bee r. Aberdeen, p-v., Brown co., O., 123 s. w. Co- lumbus, 460 W. It is on the Ohio r. opposite Maysville, Ken., and contains 60 dwelling houses, 6 stores, and various mechanic shops. Aberfoil, p-o., Macon co., Ala., 158 s. e. Tus- caloosa, 830 W. Abingdon, p-v., Harford co., Md., 22 e. Balti- more, 52 N. E. Annapolis, 62 W. It contains 2 Methodist churches, and an academy. Pop. 120. Abingdon, p-v., capital of WasMngton co., Va.. 304 s. w. Richmond, 372 W. Situated between the 2 forks of Holston r., 7 ms. from each. It contains a court house,jaiI, 4 chmxhes, 2 Presby- terian and 2 Methodist, 2 academies, 1 male and 1 female, both brick edifices ; 12 stores, some of them wliolesale, 1 flouring m., 1 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac, 4 tanneries, numerous mechanic shops, 200 dwellings, many of them elegant, and about 1,000 inhabitants, it is a distributing post- office. Abingdon, p-o.. Lake co., 111., 243 n. by e. Sprhigfield, 749 W. Abingto.n, p-t, Plymouth co., Mass., 20 s. s. E. Boston, 22 n. w. Plymouth, 18 n. n. e. Taunton, 433 W. It lias 3 Congregational churches. There were in 1840 20 stores, with a^ cap. of $27,400 ; hardware and cutlery manufac. $34,533 ; of leather $621,100. It has 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $163,650. 10 sch. 673 scho- lars. Pop. 3,214. Abington, p-v., Pomfret t., Windham co., Ct., 39 E. by N. Hartford, 374 W. It lias a Congrega- tional church, and several neat dwellings. Abington, p-t., Montgomery co.. Pa., 109 e. Harrisburg, 149 W. It has a Presbyterian and a Friends' church ; 2 stores, witli a cap. of $4,300 ; 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $11,320. 3 acad. 171 students. Pop. 1,704. Abington, p-t., Wayne co., la., 72 e. Indian- apolis, 505 W. Situated on the w. side of the e. fork of White Water r. Pop. 923. Abington (Centre,) p-v., Wyoming co., Pa., 151 N. E. Harrisburg, 257 W. Drained by the south branch of Tunkhannoek cr. The t. has 5 stores, cap. $10,5iX); 1 fuUiugm., 2ianneries,2grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,950. 2 acad. 60 students, 10 sch. 373 scholars. Pop. 1,770. Aboite, p-t, Allen co., la., 120 n. n. e. Indi- anapolis, 555 W. 2 sch. 38 scholars. Pop. 235. Abram's Creek, Columbia co., N. Y., is a small stream which falls into the Hudson, 4 ms. above Hudson city. Abram's Plains, p-o., Granville co., N. C. Abscota, p-o., Calhoun co., Mich.. 120 w. De- troit, 578 W. Absecum, v., in Galloway t., Atlantic co., N. J., 95 s. Trenton, 105 W. It is on Absecum or., 2 ms. above Absecum Bay. It has 1 store, and 8 or 10 dwellings. AcADEMiA, p-o., Knox CO., Tenn., 193 e. Nash- vUle, 488 W. AcASTo, p-o., Kane co., Bl., 187 n. by e. Springfield, 764 W. AccoMAC county, Va. Situated on the east- em shore of Cliesapeake Bay ; and, with North- ampton CO. on the s., it constitutes the " east- em shore of Virginia." It contains 480 sq. ms.» ADA 20 ADA and considerable fertile land. The soil is mostly sandy, and there are several islands belonging to it, in Chesapeake Bay. On the n. w. i.s a large branch of the Chesapeake, denominated Poco- nioke Bay. It is divided into 2 Parishes, Accomac parisli, and St. (Jeorge's parish. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,370, sheep 10,251, swine 26,549 ; wheat 14,479 bush, produced, Ind. com 642,682, oats 453,137, potatoes 113,3%, cotton 4,251 lbs. ; 47 stores, cap. $125,050 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $1,000 ; 6 tanneries, 49 grist m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $72,921. 26 sch. 751 scholars. Pop. 1830, 19,656; 1840, whites 9,518, slaves 4,630, free col'd 2, 848 ; total 17,096. Accomac, p-v., capital of Accomac co., Va., 193 E. by N. Richmond, 197 W. It contains a Methodist church, 3 stores, 1 tannery, 3 grist m., various mechanic shops, and about 40 dwellings. AccoMAN, p-o., Accomac co., Va., 212 e. by n. Richmond, 178 W. AcHOR, p-0., Columbiana co., O., 172 n. e. Columbus, 278 W. The v. is called Achorstown. AcQUACKANONOK, p-t., Passaic co., N. J., 13 N. w. New York, 79 n. e. Trenton, 236 W. Sit- uated s. and w. of the Passaic r. Surface hilly and mountainous on the west, and rolling on the east ; the soil generally fertile. The v. is situa- ted on the w. bank of the Passaic r. at the head of sloop navigation. It has 2 Dutch Reformed churches, several stores, and about 80 dwellings. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $8,350 ; 1 cotton fac, 1,000 spindles, 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap in manufac. $73,600. 1 acad. 34 students, 3 sch. 130 scholars. Pop. 2,483. AcRA, p-v., Greene co., N. Y., 47 s. s. w. Al- bany, 349 W. It lias 1 Baptist church, 1 store, 1 tannery, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Acton, p-t., York co.. Me., 91 s. w. Augusta, 520 W. It lies near the head waters of Salmon Falls r., by whicli it is separated from N. Hamp- shire. It has 3 stores, cap. $2,000; 2 tanneries, 4 gristm., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac, $7,664. In common schools, 489 scholars. Pop. 1,401. Acton, t., Windham co., Vt., 18 n. w. Brat- tleboro, 15 n. Newfano, about 90 s. Montpelier. The siu-face is uneven and well watered by brooks, not sufficiently large for mill streams. There is, however, 1 saw m. It has 4 sch. 51 scholars. Pop. 170. Acton, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 22 n. w. Bos- Ion, 462 W. It has a good soil, and Assabet r. passes through it. Incorporated in 1735. It has 4 stores, cap. $4,800 ; 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in rnanufac, $81,000. 5 sch. 337 scholars. Pop. 1,121. Acton Corner, p-o., York co.. Me., 91 s. w. Augusta, 520 W. AcwoRTii, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 46 w. Con- cord, 460 W. The soil is good, and it has some good mill seats on Cold river, issuing from Cold pond. Incorporated in 1712. It has two stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 woollen fac. producing $8,000 ; 520 scholars in com. schools. Pop. 1,450. Ada, p-t., Kent co., Mich., 15S n. w. Detroit, 639 W. Situated on the s. side of Grand r. The v. is at the junction of Thorn-apple r. Adair, county, Ky. A central, southern co., and contains 440 sq. ms. Drained chiefly by Green r. and its branches, soil fertile. Capital, Columbia. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,018, sheep 12,263, swine 31,192; wheat 27,883 bush, produced, rye 1,164, Ind. corn 308,103, oats 104,647, potatoes 12,708, tobacco 1,030,116 pounds, cotton 8,806, sugar 24,705 ; 10 stores, cap. $39,375 ; 10 tanneries, 19 distilleries, 5 flour- ing m., 19 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. S!32,304. 11 sch. 212 scholars. Pop. 1830, 8,220 ; 1840, whites 6,769, slaves 1,605, free col'd 92 ; total 8,466. Adair, county. Mo. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 567 sq. ms. Itis drained by Chariton r. Capital, Hopkinsville. Erected, 184(3. Adairs, p o., Natchitoches par.. La. AoAiiisviLLE, p-o., Cass CO., Ga., 156 n. w. Milledgeville, 63 W. Adairsville, p-v., Logan co., Ky., 10 s. w. Russelville, 182 s. w. Frankfort, 706 W. Adams, cape, the s. point of land at the mouth of the Columbia r., on the Pacific. A sand bar 5 ms. across, extends from it to within a mile of Cape Disappointment, which is 7 ms. distant in a N, w. direction. When the wind blows from the w., this sand bar is covered with dangerous break- ers. The cape is low, and thinly wooded, and is in 46° 17' N. lat., 46° 50' w. Ion. from W. With- in Cape Disappointment, the U. S. sloop of war Peacock, belonging to the Exploring F^xpedition, was stranded and lost, .Uily 18th, 1841. Adamis, county, Penn., lies in the south part of the state. The surface is uneven, and the soil is fertile. It contains 528 sq. ms., and the waters (low into the Susquehanna and the Potomac. Capital, Gettysburg. There were in 1810, neat cattle 19,343, sheep 19,140, swine 31,583; wheat 216,606 bush, produced, rye 88,561, Ind. corn 290,724, buckwheat 5,404, bariey 1,666, oats 274,960, potatoes 69,915, 171 pounds silk cocoons; 59 stores, cap. $217,800; 2 lumber yards, cap. 1,070; 3 furnaces, 3 fulling m., 5 wool- len (lie, 28 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 2 breweries, 8 potteries, 42 flouring m., 40 grist m., 76 saw ra., 4 oil m., 5 printing offices, 1 bindery, 5 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $188,020. 2 col- leges, 190 students, 1 acad. 42 students, 97 sch. 4,065 scholars. Pop. 23,044. Adams, s. w. county, Miss., is bounded on the w. by the Mississippi. Contains 440 sq. ms. The surface is moderately hilly, excepting bottoms on the rivers, and the soil is generally fertile. Cap- ital, Natchez. There were in 1840, neat cattle 22,033, sheep 4,741, swine 4,553; Ind. com 196,569 bush, produced, oats 13,843, potatoes 51,701, cotton 20,292,470 pounds ; 7 commercial and 11 com. houses, cap. $365,000; 112 stores, cap. $1,290,010 ; 6 lumber yards, cap. $110,000 ; 4 saw m., 2 printing offices, 1 bindery ,2 daily,2 week- ly, and 1 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in man- ufac. $164,100; 1 college, 90 students, 7 acad. 311 students, 13 sch. 269 scholars. Pop., whites 5,010, slaves 14,241, free col'd 283 ; total 19,434. Ada.ms, county, O., in the s. part of the state, on tlie Ohio r. Contains 550 sq. ms. The sur- face is hilly, and tlie soil various. Watered by Brush cr., along which is iron ore. Capital, West Union. There were in 1840, neat cattle 17,839, sheep 20,550, swine 17,470; wheat 136,292 bush, produced, rye 177, Ind. corn 211,049, barley 214, oats 102,545, potatoes 7,806, sugar 32,510 pounds; 52 stores, cap. $76,482; 2 furna- ces, 6 tanneries, 6 flouring m., 10 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office. Cap. in manufac. $21,971. 10 sch. 284 scholars. Pop. 13,183. Adams, county, la. In the e. part of the state, bounded E. by the state of Ohio. Contains 336 sq. ms. Organized in 1836. St. Mary's r. flows through the n. and Wabash through the s. part. Capital, Decatur. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,194, sheep 338, swine 4,319 : wheat 3,948 bush, produced, rve 147, Ind. corn 36,688, buckwheat 509, oats 4,577, potatoes 7,907, to- bacco 120 pounds, sugar 15,588; 3 stores, cap. $3,400 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,500. 3 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 2,264. Adams, county. 111., in the w. part of the state, ADA 21 ADA Its waters flow into the Mississippi and Illinois. Contains 768 sq. ms. Capital, Quincy. There were in 1840, neat cattle 19,312, sheep 13,093, swine 49,391 ; wheat 143,865 bush, produced, rye 297, Ind. corn 721,563, buckwheat 1,197, barley 1,230, oats 151,577, potatoes 61,013, to- bacco 7,269 pounds, sugar 1,810; 56 stores, cap. $185,280; 4 com. houses, cap. $9,000; 1 lum- ber yard, cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen lac, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 breweries, 4 flour- ing m., 14 grist m., 24 saw m., 4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manu- fac. $163,419. 1 acad. 60 students, 101 sch. 2,724 scholars. Pop. 14,476. AD.4.MS, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 20 n. Pitts- field, 40 E. Albany, 132 w. n. w. Boston, 392 W. It is a valuable township, and contains 2 post vil- lages, 5 or 6 ms. apart, each of which contains 3 churches. The n. village contains 1 Congrega- tional, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist ; the s. village, 1 Baptist, 1 Friends, and 1 free to all denominations. In the N. village is a bank, with a cap. of $200,0(K). Hoosack river passes tlirough the town, and affords an extensive water power, wlrich has been em- ployed in manufactures. There were in 1840, 18 stores, with a cap. of $25,800 ; 14 cotton manufac- tories, with 18,320 spindles, 1 dyeing and printing establishment, the whole producing articles to the amountof $481,107, employinga cap. of $316,000; 1 furnace, 5 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Manufactures of leather, $12,200. Cap. in man- ufac. $488,900. 1 acad. 45 students, 18 sch. 735 scholars. Pop. 3,703. There is a natural bridge in this town over Hud- son's brook, a branch of Hoosack r., which is a great curiosity. The stream has worn a channel from 30 to 60 feet deep, and 30 rods in length, in a body of white marble or limestone, leaving, in one place, a natural bridge, 12 or 15 feet long, 10 feet wide, and 60 feet above the surface of the stream. Saddleback mountain is between this town and Williarastown, but mostly in this town. The highest peak, denominated Gray lock, is 3,600 feet above the level of the sea. The remains of old fort fllassachusetts are still to be seen, on the n. end of Saddle mountain, erected as a defence against the savages. Adams, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 162 n. w. Al- bany, 403 W., situated on both sides of Sandy cr., where there is a fall of 15 feet, producing a good water power. It has 10 stores, cap. $32,200; Hul- ling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 tannery, and 1 brewery ; 15 com. sch. with 531 scholars. Pop. 2,966. The v. has 120 dwellmg houses, 1 Presbyterian, and 1 Methodist church, and a seminary for young ladies. Adams, t., Coshocton co., O., on the n. side of Tuscarawas r. It contains 1 grist m., 2 saw m., and 1 distillery ; 1 sch., with 25 scholars. Pop. 833. Adams, t., Guernsey co., O., 5 ms. w. of Cam- bridge. The national road, and Crooked or. pass through the s. e. corner. Pop. 867. Adams, t., Henry co., O. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,000. 2 sch., 34 scho- lars. Pop. 183. Adams, t., Washington co., O., on the Musking- um r. It has 6 sch., with 200 scholars. Pop. 792. Adams, t., in the n. part of Seneca co., O. Drain- ed by Green cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000. Pop. 1,250. Ada.ms, t., Allen co., O. 2 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 363. Adams, t., Monroe co., O., drained centrally by Sunfish cr. It contains 22 sq. ms. Pop. 898. Adams t., Muskingum co., O., watered by Wills' cr. and the Muskingum r. Pop. 983. Adams, t., Dark co., O., 3 ms. from Greenville, the CO. seat. It is watered by Greenville and Panther crs. Pop. 687. Adams, t.. Champaign co., O., 10 ms. n. w. Ur- banna. It is drained by Stony and Tawawacrs.; has 1 store, cap. $1,200 ; 1 taimery, 2 saw m. ; 5 sch. 93 scholars. Pop. 970. Adams, p-t., Hillsdale co., Mich., 93 s. w. De- troit, 533 VV. It has 2 saw m., and employs a manufacturing cap. of $3,000 ; 4 sch. 174 schol- ars. Pop. 534. Ada.ms, p-t., Decatur co., la., 54 s. e. by e. In- dianapolis, 557 W. Adams, t., Hamilton co., la. Pop. 512. Adams, po., Irwm co., Ga., 97 s. Milledgeville, 761 W. Adams Basin, p-v., Monroe co., N. Y., 230 w. Albany, 379 W. Situated on the Erie canal. It has 1 church, 1 store, 2 saw m., and 25 dwellings. ADA.M.SBURO, p-v., Hempfield t., Westmoreland CO., Pa., 183 w. Ilarrisburg, 209 W. The road from Greensburg to Pittsburg passes through it. It contains 4 stores, 1 grist m., and 30 dwellings. Ada.ms (."e.ntre, p-o., Jefferson co., N. Y., 162 N. w. Albany, 403 W. Adams' Mills, p-v., Muskingum co., O., 61 e. Columbus, 346 W. It is situated on the Oliio ca- nal, 6 N. E. Dresden. It has 1 store, a warehouse, a large flouring mill, supplied with water from the canal, and a few other buildings. . Adams' Mills, p-o., Pulaski co., Ky., 12 Som- erset, 76 s. by E. Frankfort, 537 W. AuAMSTOWN, p-v., Cocalico t., Lancaster co., Pa., 23 xN. N. E. Lancaster, 47 Harrisburg, 136 W It contains 25 or 30 buildings, including dwellings, stores, &c. Adamsville, p-o., Franklm co., Ms., 104 w. by N. Boston, 414 W. Adamsville, p-o., Washington co., N. Y., in the town of Kingsbury, 53 N. Albany, 430 W. Ada.msville, p-o., Somerset co., N. J., 35 n. Trenton, 2U6 W. Adamsville, p-o., Crawford co.. Pa., 252 n. w. Harrisburg, 3J2 W. Adamsville, p-v., Ontwa t., Cass co., Mich., 172 w. by s. Detroit, 617 W. It lies on both sides of Christiana r., has 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., and 2 stores. Adamsville, p-v., McNairy co., Tenn., 133 s. w. Nashville, 815 W. Adamsville, p-v., Marlborough dist., S. C, 114 E. .V. E. Columbus, 402 s. s. w. W. Ada.msville, p-o., Cass co., Ga., 157 n. w. Milledgeville, 658 W. Ada.msville, p-o., Panola co., Miss., 184 n. Jackson, 922 W. Addison, county, Vt, on the west side of the state, lies on Lake Champlain. It was organized in 1787, and contains about 700 sq. ms. The sur- face is mostly level near the lake, but becomes hilly and mountainous towards the e. The land in the lake towns is of a superior quality, and in the hilly parts is well adapted to grazing. It is watered chiefly by Otter cr., and its tributaries. This is the longest r. in Vt., and has several sets of falls, which afllbrd the finest water power ; and it is navigable for sloops, 7 ms. to vergennes. Lake Champlain has some good harbors in tliis comity, and affords great commercial advantages. A quarry of beautiful white statuary marble is found at Middlebury, and is extensively wrought. Capital, Middlebury. There were in 1840, neat cattle 39,718, sheep 261,010, swuie 14,305; wheat 31,322 bush, produced, rye 11,427, Ind. com 95,304, buckwheat 7,219, barley 255, oats 141,794, potatoes 440.079, silk cocoons 299 pounds, sugar 132,013; 70 stores, cap. $347,600 ; 2 lumber vards, cap. $18,000 ; 1 furnace, 8 forges, 20 fulling m.. 7 AGA 22 ALA woollen fac, 1 cotton fee. 3,860 sp., 22 tanneries, 3 potteries, 1 glass fac, 17 grist ni., 63 saw m., 1 oil m., ] paper fac, 3 printing offices, 2 binderies, 1 periodical^ 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. inman- ufac. S37,37.5. 1 college, 62 students, 5 acad. 134 students, 177 sch. 6,449 scholars. Pop. 23,583. At>oiso.\, p-t., Wasliington co.. Me., (p-o. Addi- son Point,) 138 nis. e. by n. Augusta, 720 W . Con- tains 3 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $1,350. 6 sch. 450 scholars. Pop. 1,053. Addiso.v, p-t., Addison co., Vt., 12 w. n. w. Middlebury, 72 s. w. Montpelier, 483 W., situated on Lake Champlain, opposite Crowni Point, N. Y. The lake is here 3 miles broad. Settled in 1770. Otter cr. passes mto the town, and Mill and Pike, small rs., enter into Lake Champlain. 'Hie surface is level and the soil good. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,003; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. ; 10 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. 1,232. Addisox, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 18 s. Bath, 227 w. by s. Albany, 292 W. It is watered by Canisteo and Tuscarora crs., the former of which is navigable for boats. The land is broken, and ttie soil is poor. It furnishes sandstone, which is manu.factured into grindstones. It has 2 saw m., 1 fulling m., 2 stores, cap. $13,000 ; a printing office, 1 weekly new.spaper. Cap. in manufac. $14,490. 1 acad. 120 students, 10 sch. 463 scho- lars. Pop. 1,920. AuDiso.v, p-t., Somerset co., Pa., on the Youghi- oglieny r., 153 s. w. Harrlsburg, 170 W. 10 stores, cap. $29,000 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 grist m., 8 .saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,500. 2 scliools, 30 scholars. Pop. 1,301. Addisox, p t., Gallia co., O., 107 s. by e. Co- lumbus, 35 1 W. It lies on the Ohio r. a few miles above Gallipolis. It has 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,425. Pop. 692. Addison, t., Oakland co., Mich., has 1 store, cap. sS60tK); 1 llouringm., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. m manutkc. $i0,0J0. 5 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 537. Adelphia, p-v., Ro.ss CO., O., 67 s. w. Colum- bus, 412 W : in Colraine towmship, n. e. corner of the CO., on the N. fork of Salt cr. It contains 3 stores and about 30 dwellings. Adiro\d.\ck Mou.NT.vrN'5, a name recently given to a cluster of mountains in the state of New York, s. w. of Lake Champlain. These mountains are little inferior in height to the White jMountains in N.H. (See New York, state of.) Adrian, p-t., capital of Lenawee co., 3Iich., opposite the junction of Beaver creek with the llaisin r. 67 Detroit, 501 W. It has 3 churches, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist, the two former of which are elegant buildings. It is one of the most flourisliing towns in the state, and has 27 stores, cap. $116,800 ; 3 grist m., 6 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly new.spapers ; 16 schools, 671 scholars. Pop. 2,496. A railroad be- tween this place and Toledo was opened in 1836. Adriance, p-o., Dutchess co., N. Y., 98 s. Al- bany, 358 W. It is in the town of Fishkill, and settlement of Hopewell. Agamenticijs Mountain, in Y'ork co.. Me., 4 miles from the ocean, 673 feet above tide water, a famous landmark for seamen. Agawam, p-v.. West Springfield t., Hampden CO., Mass., 98 w. Boston, 358 W. Situated on the w. side of the Connecticut, just below the entrance of Westfield r. It has 2 churches, 1 Baptist and 1 Congregational, several stores, man- ufa<;tories, and dwellings. Agnews Mills, p-o., Venango co.. Pa., 220 n. w Harrisburg, 274 W. Ai, p-o.. Grant co., la., 60 n. by E. Indianapolis, 568 W. Aiken, p-v., Banawell dist., S. C, 77 s. by w. Columbia, 590 W. AiscHUM CO., Mich., in the n. western part of the state, contains 576 square miles, drained by the Notipekago and branches of the Manistee rivers : (unorganized.) Aid, t., Lawrence co., O., 15 Burlington, the county seat. Watered by the branches of Symmes cr. It has 3 schools and 78 scholars. Pop. 609. Air, t., Bedford co.. Pa. The surface is moun- tainous with fertile valleys, drained by Big Cov6 cr. It contains 1 store, cap. $4,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 2gristm., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,785. Pop. 1,453. Air Mount, p-o., Clarke co., Ala., 118 s. Tus- caloosa, 930 W. Airy Grove, p-v., Lenoir co., N. C, 88 w. Raleigh, 310 W. Akron, p-v., Erie co., N. Y., 268 w. Albany, 388 W. It is situated on Muddy cr., and con- tains 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clotliiers' works, and 50 dwellings. Pop. about 300. Akron, p-v., Portage t., capital of Summit co., O., at the junction of the Ohio and Erie and the Ohio and Pennsylvania canals, 38 s. Cleveland, 1 16 w. Pittsburg, 123 n. e. Columbus, 321 W. By a .succession of locks at Akron, the Oliio and Erie canal rises suddenly to the Portage summit, and presents many picturesque views. The Little Cu- yahoga r. and the waste water of the canal afford extensive water power ; and so gTeat is the de- scent, that it is used several times over. By meana of another canal, the water of the Great Cuya- hoga r. is brought along a ridge of high land in the north part of Akron, by which a great water power is produced. Akron is a place of great activity in business, and iias an extensive trade. It contains a court house and jail of stone, 5 churches, 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Universalist. It has 4 com- mission houses, cap. $4,500; 30 retail stores, cap. $64,850; 4 furnaces, 4 fulling m., 5 wool- len factories, 1 powder m., 4 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, and 3 weekly newspapers. Capital ui manufactures $153,750. The village of Akron has 1 academy, 9 students, 6 schools, 269 scholars. Pop. 1,665 ; Portage t. exclusive of Akron, 718. Alabama River, is formed by the junction of the Coosa and the Tallapoosa, and ilowmg s. s. w. it unites with the Tombigbee, 48 ms. above Mobile Bay, and after the jimction, has the name of Mobile r. From the junction, 60 miles to Clai- borne, it is navigable at all seasons, for vessels requiring 6 feet of water. From Claiborne, 150 ms., to the mouth of the Cahawba, the river has 4 or 5 feet of water. From the mouth of the Ca- hawba to the junction of the Coosa and Talla- poosa, its head branches, the river affords, in all places, 3 feet of water. .The river is subject to great changes by rising and falling. ALABAMA. Alabama, one of the southern United States, is bounded on the n. by Tennessee ; E.by Georgia; S by Florida, and the Gulf of Mexico; and w. by Mississippi. It is between 30° 10' and 35° N. lat., and between 85° and 83° 30' w. Ion., and between 8° and 11° 30' w. Ion. from W. It is 317 miles long from n. to 3., and 174 broad from e. to w. It contains 46,000 eq. miles, or 28,160,000 ALA 23 ALA acres. The population in 1810 was less than 10,000; in 18)6, 29,683; in 1818, 70,544; in 1820, 127,901 ; in 1827, 244,041 ; in 1830, 308,997 ; in 1840. 590,756, of whom 253,532 were slaves. Free white males, 176,692 ; do. females, 153,493 ; free colored males, 1,030 ; do. females, 1,009. Employed in agriculture, 177,439; in commerce, 2,212; in manufactures and trades, 7,195; navigating the ocean, 256; do. canals, rivers, &c., 753 ; mining, 96 ; learned professions, 1,514. It is divided- into 49 coimties, which, with their population ua 1840, and their capitals, were as follows : Northern District. — Benton, 14,260, Jacksonville ; Blount, 5,570, Blountsville ; Cherokee, 8,773, Jeffer- son; De Kalb, 5,929, Lebanon; Fayette, 6,942, Fayette c. h. ; Franklin, 14,270, Russellville i Jackson, 15,715, Bellefonte ; Lauderdale, 14,485, Florence ; Lawrence, 13,313, Moulton ; Lime- stone, 14,374, Athens ; Madison, 25,706, Huntsville ; Mario.v, 5,847, Pikeville ; Marshall, 7,553, Warrenton; Morgan, 9,841, Somerville; Randolph, 4,973, McDonald; St. Clair, 5,633, Ashville; Talladega, 12,587, Talladega. — Southern District. — Autauga, 14,342, Kingston; Baldwin, 2,951; Blakeley; Barbour, 12,024, Clayton; Bibb, 8,284, Centreville ; Butler, 8,685, Greenville; Chambers, 17,333, Lafayette; Clarke. 8,640, Macon; Conecuh, 8,197, Sparta; Coosa, 6,995, Rockford; Covington, 2,425, Montezuma; Dale, 7,397, Daleville; Dallas, 25,199, Cahawba; Gree.ve, 24,024, Erie; Henry, 5,787, Abbeville ; Jefferson, 7,131, Elyton; Lowndes, 19,539^ Haynesville; MacOxN, 11,247, Tuskegee ; Marengo, 17,264, Linden; Mobile, 18,741, Mobile; Monroe, 10,680, Monroeville ; Montgomery, 24,574, Montgomery ; Perry, 19,086, Marion ; Pick- ens, 17,118, Carrolton; Pike, 10,108, Troy; Russell, 13,513, Crocketsville; Shelby, 6,112, Co- lumbiana; Sumter, 29,937, Livingston; TALLAroosA, 6,444, Dadeville ; Tuscaloosa, 16,583 Tus- caloosa; Walker, 4,032, Jasper; Washington, 5,300, Barryton; Wilco.x, 15,278, Barboursville- The southern part of this state which borders on the Gulf of Mexico, for the space of 50 or 60 miles, is low and level, covered with pine, Cyprus, and loblolly. In the middle it is hilly, inter- spersed with prairies ; in the north it is broken and somewhat mountainous. The soil in the southern part of the state is generally sandy and barren, but throughout a large part it is excellent. In the northern and middle sections, the natural growth is post, black and white oak, hickory, poplar, cedar, cliesiinit, pine, mulberry, &c. The Alleghany mountains terminate in the N. E. section of this state, sinking here to elevated hills. The climate in the southern part, and in the vicinity of the bottom land on the rivers, and near the muscle shoals in the Tennessee river, is unhealthy ; but in the more elevated portions it is salubrious. The winters are mild, the streams being rarely frozen, and the heat of summer is tempered by refreshing breezes from the Gulf of Mexico. Cotton is the staple production of the state ; but Indian corn, rice, wheat, oats, &c., are produced. Iron ore is found in various parts of the state, and coal aboimds on the Black Warrior and Cahawba rivers. There were in this state in 1840, 143,147 horses and mules ; 668,018, neat cattle ; 163,243 sheep ; 1,423,873 swine ; poultry to the value of $404,994. There were produced 828,052 bushels of wheat ; 7,692 of barley; 1,406,353 of oats ; 51,008 of rye; 20,947,004 Indian com; 220,353 pounds of wool ; 25,226 of wax ; 1,703,356 bushels of potatoes ; 12,718 tons of hay ; 273,302 pounds of tobacco, 149,019 of rice, 117,133,823 of cotton, 1,592 of silk cocoons, 10,143 of sugar. The products of the dairy were valued at $265,200; and of the orchard, $55,240; of lumber, $169,008. There were made 177 gallons of wine. The exports of this state in 1840, amounted to $12,854,694; and the imports to $574,651. There were 51 commercial and 101 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $3,355,012 ; 899 retail dry goods and other stores, with a capital of $5,642,885 ; 73 persons employed in the lum- ber trade, and a capital of $1,800; 49 persons engaged in internal transportation, who with 57 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $93,370. Home-made or family manufactures amounted to $1,656,119. There were 14 cotton manufac- tories, with 1,502 spindles, employing 82 persons, producing articles to the amount of $17,547, and employing a capital of $35,575 ; 1 furnace producing 30 tons of cast iron, and 5 forges, producing 75 tons of bar iron, the whole employing 30 persons, and a capital of $9,500 ; 31 persons manulactured hats and caps to the amoimt of $8,210 ; 142 tanneries employed 300 persons, and a cap. of $147,463 ; 137 manufactories of leather, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the amount of $180,152, and employed a capital of $53,332 ; 15 persons produced confectionery to the amount of $13,800, with a capital of 6,120 ; 47 persons produced gold to the amount of $61,230, with a capital of $1,000 ; 4 persons produced drugs and paints to the amount of $16,600, \vith a capital of $16,000 ; 96 persons produced machinery to the amount of $131,825; 41 persons produced hardware and cutlery to the amount of $13,875 ; 20 persons manufactured 4 cannon, and 428 small-arms ; 7 persons manufac. tured the precious metals to the amount of $1,650; 17 persons manufactured granite and marble to the amovmt of $7,311 ; 264 persons produced bricks and lime to the amount of $91,326, with a capi. tal of $95,370; 235 persons manufactured carriages and wagons to the amount of $88,891, employ, ing a capital of $49,074 ; 188 distilleries produced 127,230 gallons, and 7 breweries produced 200 gallons, employing 220 persons, and a capital of $34,212; 51 flouring mills produced 23,664 barrels of flour, and with other mills, employed 1,386 persons, manufacturing articles to the araomit of ALA 24 ALA $1,225,425, and employing a cap. of $1,413,107; 53 persons prod, furniture to the amount of $41,671, and employed a capital of $18,430 ; 67 brick or stone houses, and 472 wooden houses employed 882 persons, and cost $739,871 ; 22 printing offices, 1 bmdery, 3 daily, 1 semi-weekly, and 24 weekly newspapers, employed 105 persons, and a capital of 98,100. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures was $2,130,064. The Mobile is the principal river in tlie state. It is formed by the union of the Tombigbee and the Alabama, 40 miles above the city of Mobile. Tlie Alabama is a large river, and is navigable for vessels drawing 6 feet of water to Claiborne, 60 miles above its jimction ; 150 miles further to the mouth of the Cahawba, it has 4 or 5 feet of water ; and to the junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa, of which it is formed, it has, in its shallowest places, three feet of water. The Tombigbee is navigable for schooners 120 miles to St. Stephens, and for steamboats to Columbus, Miss. It is 450 miles long, and boatable for a greater part of its course. The Black Warrior forms a large branch of it, and is navigable to Tuscaloosa. The Chatahoochee river forms a part of the eastern boundary of the state ; and the Tennessee runs through the northern part. Alabama has only 60 miles of sea coast. But this includes Mobile Bay, which is 30 miles long, and from 3 to 18 broad. Mobile, on tlie w. side of Mobile Bay, is the most commercial place in the state, and has an ex- tensive trade, particularly in cotton. The other principal places are St. Stephens, Tuscaloosa, Cahawba, Montgomery, Wetumpka, Florence, and Huntsville. The University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa was foimded in 1820, has been liberally endowed by the state, and is a flourishing institution. La Grange College in the county of Franklin, was founded in 1830. In these institutions there were in 1840, 152 students. There were in the state, 114 academies and grammar schools, with 5,018 students; and 639 common and primary schools, with 16,243 scholars. There were 22,592 free white persons over 20 years of age, who covdd neither read nor write. In 1835 the Baptists had 250 churches, 109 ministers, and 11,445 communicants ; the Methodists had 60 ministers and 13,845 communicants ; the Presbyterians had 45 churches, 29 ministers, and 2,268 communicants. The Roman Catholics had 1 bishop and 5 ministers ; and the Episcopalians had 7 nunisters. At the commencement of 1840, there was one bank in this state, with a capital of $3,389,739, and a circulation of $696,855. At the close of 1840, the state debt amounted to $10,859,556. The constitution of this state was formed in 1819, preparatory to its admission to the Union, in 1820. The governor is elected by the people for two years, but is eligible only 4 years in 6. Tlie senators ere elected for 3 years, and one third are chosen every year. Tlieir number cannot be more than one tliird, nor less than a fourth of the number of the representatives. The representa- tives are elected annually, and are apportioned among the counties in proportion to their white population. They cannot be more than 100 nor less than 60 in number. The representatives and one third of the senators are elected annually, on the first Rlonday in August, and the day following ; and the governor is elected biennially, at the same time. The legislatm-e meets annually at Tus- caloosa, on the 4th Monday in October. The judiciary consists of a supreme com-t, a circuit court, and such inferior courts as the general assembly may, from time to time, direct and establish. The judges are elected every six years, by the jomt vote of both houses of the general assembly. The right of suffrage is possessed by every white male citizen of 21 years of age, who has resided within the state one year next preceding an election, and the last three months within the comity, city, or town in which he offers his vote. The Muscle Slioals Canal is designed to overcome the obstruction m the Tennessee river. It extend.s from the liead of the falls, 35i miles to Florence, and cost $571,835. But to extend the work to its completion will cost $1,361,057. The Huntsville canal extends fromTriena on the Tennessee, 16 miles to Huntsville. The Alabama and Florida railroad extends from Pensacola, 1563 miles to Montgomery, and cost $2,500,000. The Selma and Cahawba railroad is a branch of the Alabama and Florida railroad, extendhig from Selma 10 mUes to Cahawba. The Rlontgomery and Westpoint railroad extends from Montgomery, the northern termination of the Pensacola and Montgomery railroad to Westpoint, at the head of the rapids of the Chattahoochee river, 30 miles above Columbus. It is 87 miles long. The Tuscumbia, Cortland, and Decatur rail- road extends from Tuscumbia 44 miles to Decatur. The Wetumpka railroad extends 10 miles, and is designed to connect, when completed, the Tennessee and Alabama rivers, at Wetumpka. The French formed a small settlement, and built a fort where the city of Mobile now stands, early in the 18th century. Most of the territory of Alabama was included in the original patent of Georgia. In 1802 Georgia ceded all her territory w. of the Chattahoochee river to the United States; and ex- tending to the Mississippi river, it was erected into the Mississippi territory, in 1817. It continued a part of the Mississippi territory imtil 1819, when a state constitution was formed ; and in 1820 it was admitted to the Ihiion, as an independent state. ALB 25 ALB Alabama, p-t., Genesee co., N. Y., 12 N. w. Batavia, 263 Albany, 388 W. It is watered by the Tonawanda creek, which in the N. w. part of the town furnishes a feeder to the Erie canal, near which the creek has falls of 30 feet. There is an Indian reservation and settlement in the town. It has 1 store, cap. $9,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,128. Pop. 1,798. The \dllage at the p-o. ha.s 12 or 15 houses. Alachua Savanna, a grassy and marshy plain in Alachua co., Florida, wiiich is supposed to discharge its waters by an miderground passage into Lake Orange. Alachua, county of e. Florida, situated on the w. part of the peninsula, and contains about 2,500 square miles. It embraces one of the largest tracts of good land in the ter., and has long been densely populated. It has a number of ponds and prairies, and furnishes excellent pasture for numerous herds of cattle. Suwanee river runs on its w. border, and Withlacoochee river through its s. part. Wakassassee river passes through it. Some part of the surface is rolling, but toward the coast it is flat and wet. Capital, Newmans- ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,665, sheep 87, swine 2,441 ; Ind. corn 27,365 bush, produced, potatoes 9,652, sugar 2,000 lbs. Pop. whites 1,719, slaves 562 ; total, 2,282. Alamo, t., Kalamazoo co., Mich. 1 saw m., 1 sch. 23 scholars. Pop. 194. Alamutcha, p-o., Lauderdale co., Miss. Alapaha, p-o., Lowndes co., Ga., 262 s. Mel- ledgeville, 861 W. Alapapaha, a river of Geo., which flows into the Suwanee, and is about 100 miles in length. Alauua, a river of Florida, falls into Choc- tawhatchee Bay, and is navigable 15 iniles, for vessels reqmring 5 feet of water. Alaqua, v., Walton co., Flor., 161 n. of w. from Tallahassee. It is situated on Alaqua river. Pop. 221. Alatamaha or Altamaha, a navigable river of Georgia, formed by the union of the Ockmul- gee and the Oconee. After the junction, the Alatamaha becomes a large river, flowing with a gentle current through tbrests and plams, up- wards of 100 miles, and enters by several outlets into Alatamaha soimd, 60 s. w. Savannah, through wliich it passes into the Atlantic. This sound contains a number of beautiful islands. The Alatamaha is navigable on the Oconee branch, 300 ms. from the ocean, for boats of 30 tons, and for steamboats to Milledgeville ; and to an equal dis- tance on the Ockmulgee branch. The bar at the mouth has 14 feet, at low water. The whole length of the river to its source, is about 500 miles. Alba, p-v., Bradford co., Pa., 143 n. by e. Har- risburgh, 250 W. Albany, t., Bradford co., Pa., the surface is hilly; soil gravelly loam. Drained by Towanda cr. and the w. branch of Mahoopeny cr. It con- tains 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 1 grist ni., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,050. Albanv, p-t., Oxford co., Me., 18 n. w. Paris, 62 w. Augusta, 597 W. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,400. 7 sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 691. Albany, t., StrafTord co., N. H., 6 n. by e. Concord. The surface is mieven and rough, but the soil is a fertile sandy loam, mixed with gravel. Watered by Swift r. and other streams, which af- ford water power. Chartered in 1766. It con- tains 5 sch. 153 scholars. Pop. 406. Albany, p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 9 s. Irasburgh, 39 N. Montpelier, 555 W. It was granted in 1781 by the name of Lutterloh, and received its present name in 1815. It is watered by Black river and its branches, and has a number of ponds. It has 1 store, cap. !?3,000 dollars ; 1 ful- ling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,150. 10 sch. 356 scholars. Pop. 920. Albany county, N. Y., is situated 150 n. of the city of New \ ork. It was organized in 1683. It lies on the w. side of Hudson r. The surface is uneven, and ui the s. w. part hilly and moun- tamous. On the river the soil is good, and well cultivated, but in the interior it is sandy and tm- productive. Among its mineral productions are bog iron ore, and water limestone. There are also several mineral sprmgs. Besides the Mo- hawk, on its N., and the Hudson on its e. bound- ary, its streams are Normanskill, Vlamanslvill, Haivankrausliill and Coeyman's cr., which enter the Hudson, and some others. It has an area of 515 sq. miles. The Erie and Champlain canals form a junction in the n. e. part of this county. Capital, Albany. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 25,784, sheep 57,478, swine 49,068; wheat 21,008 bushels produced, rye 145,941, Ind. corn 127,162, buckwheat 103,582, barley 155,902, oats 653,794, potatoes 540,582, sugar 24,365 pounds ; 47 commission houses, cap. $650,000; 1,166 stores, capital $1,244,903; 27 lumber yards, cap. $464,000; 1 furnace, 11 fulling m., 8 woollen fac. 2 cotton fac, 5,160 sp., 20 tanneries, 8 breweries, 4 potteries, 6 flouring m., 22 grist in., 84 saw m., 1 paper factory, 1 1 printing offices, 5 binderies, 1 periodical, 3 daily, 5 weekly, 2 semi-weekly news- papers. Cap. in manufac. $2,712,825. 5 acad. 469 students, 119 sch. 9,319 scholars. Pop. 1830, 53,560 ; 1840, 68,593. Albany city, N. Y., the capital of the state, is situated on the Hudson r., 145 miles, by the course of the river, above the city of New York, m 42"^ 39' 3"n. lat., and 73° 32' w. Ion., and 3° 12' E. long, from W. 164 w. by n. Boston. 230 s. Montreal, 370 W. The population, in 1810, was 9,356; in 1820, 12,630; hi 1830, 24,238; in 1840, 33,721. Employed in agriculture 144; manufactures and trades 1,621 ; navigating the ocean 8 ; do. rivers and canals 106 ; in the learned professions 237. The gromid on which Albany is built has a flat alluvial tract along the margin of the river, from 15 to 100 rods wide, back of which it rises abruptly, and ui half a mile in the direc- tion of State-street, attains an elevation of 153 feet ; and in 1 mile of 220 feet, above the level of the river. Beyond tliis, the surface is level. The older parts of the city were not laid out with much regularity, and some of the streets are nar- row, but the parts more recently laid out, have spacious and regular streets. State-street, one of the early streets, from the meeting of Court and Market streets, is from 150 to 170 feet wide, and has a steep ascent, at the head of which the capitol, which fronts it, has a commandmg posi- tion. Many of the private, and more especially the public buildings of Albany, have fine situa- tions, and overlook an extensive and a beautiful prospect. The capitol is a large stone edifice 115 feet long and 90 feet broad, fronting E. on a fine square, at the head of State-street. It contains spacious and richly furnished apartments for the accommodation of the Senate and Assembly, and various rooms for other public purposes. The City Hall is on the e. side of the same square, facing w., and is a large marble building, with a gilded dome. The State Hall, for the public offices, is a corresponding building on the same side of the same square, and is a splendid edi- fice. The Albany Academy is a fine builduig of freestone, and has a park in front of it, ad- joining the public square ; and both squares are ALB 26 ALB surrounded by an iron fence, and in fact, consti- tute one large and beautiful public ground, divid- ed by a street, laid out with walks, and orna- mented with trees. Tlie other public buildings are a Medical College, a Female Academy, the Albany Exchange, a large building of granite at the foot of State-street, and the county jail. The Albany Academy, in its course of instrac- tion, approaches to a college, and has 400 stu- dents, and eminent instructors. The Albany Female Academy has obtained an extensive and a deserved celebrity, and has from 300 to 350 pupils. The Albany library contains 9,0(X) vol- umes. The Young Men's Association, establish- ed for mutual improvement, occupies rooms in the exchange building, and has 1,500 members. It has a fine reading room, liberally furnished, has a library of 3,200 volumes, and supports, through the winter season, an able course of lec- tures. The Albany Orphan Asylum is situated one mile w. of the city hall, and generally sup- ports 80 or 90 male and female children. The poorhouse, in the s. w. part of the city, has a number of large buildings, and a farm of 150 acres, cultivated by its inmates. St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum is a Roman Catholic institution, for females only, and has about 40 inmates, un- der the charge of the Sisters of Ciiarity. Albany has about 100 streets and alleys built on, 11 public squares, 3 markets, 10 public school buildings, containing also dwellings for the teach- ers, and 11 engine houses, all built substantially of brick. The city contains 30 places of worship, of which the Presbyterians have 4, the Associate Reformed 1, the Dutch Reformed 3, the Metliodists 4, the African Methodist 1, the Episcopalians 3, the Baptists 2, the colored Baptists 1, the Lu- therans 2, the Universalists 1, and the Roman Catholics 2. There are 1 Independent church, 1 Mission church, 1 Bethel church, 1 Friends' meetmg-house, and 2 Jewish synagogues. The old state hall on the s. side of State-street, is now converted into a museum, for the recep- tion of the geological cabinet, collected by the state geologists in their siu^-eys. The Albany Institute is a respectable scientific association, which has a valuable library and cabinet. The situation of Albany for trade and com- merce, is commanding. Being on one of the finest rivers in the United States, and having a rich back country, its natural advantages are great ; but these advantages have been vastly in- creased by the Erie and the Champlain canals, which give it a ready access to a widely extend- ed coimtry to the N. and w. ; and its connection to Boston by railroad, will add to tliese advan- tages. The Mohawk and Hudson railroad termi- nates here, and connects with otlier lines to the west. The Erie canal, comprising also the Champlain canal, enters the city in its n. part, and flows into a spacious basin, foiTned by a pier built in the river, a mile and a quarter long, which produces a safe harlior, not only for boats, but also for vessels, to defend them against the ice in the spring floods. These advantages have been improved. There are in the city 53 com- mission houses, 35 importers, 137 wholesale houses, 440 retail stores, and 612 gi-ocery and provision stores. There are 8 banks, with an aggregate cap. of $2,751,000 ; 4 insm-ance compa- nies, with a total cap. of $700,000. The manufactures of Albany are not less flourishing than its commerce. There are 15 manufactories of carriages, some of them very extensive ; 20 of hats and caps, producing articles to the amount of $900,000 amiually ; 4 of tobac- co, 2 of morocco leather, 5 rope-walks, 15 of soap and candles, 5 of musical instruments, 2 of combs, 20 of copper, tin, and sheet iron ; and a great many others. There are 2 type foundries, 1 ste- reotype, 2 manufactories of oil cloth, 8 of stoves, 4 of carpets, &c. There are 10 furnaces, 3 steam sawing and planing machines, 4 plane manufac- tories, 1 manufactory ofphilosopliical instruments, and 1 of coach lace. There are 3 malting houses and 9 breweries. According to the late census there were in Albany in 1840, 47 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a cap. of $050,000 ; 976 retail drygoods and other stores, with a cap. of $975,000. Tlie total cap. employed in manufactures was $1,735,500. In 1840, 20 steamboats and 51 towboats regularly plied be- tween Albany and New York, and the interme- diate places on the river. A large number of sloops also navigate the river. It is estimated that over 1,000 persons arrive at, and depart from Albany, daily, by its various lines of com- munication. Albany was founded by the Dutch in 1623, and by them called " Beaver Wyck," and after- ward " Williamstadt." It capitulated to the Eng- lish in 1664, who gave it its present name, in honor of the Duke of York and Albany, its pro- prietor. It was incorporated in 1686. Albany, t., Berks co.. Pa. The surface is hilly ; soil gravelly and poor. It has 1 Presbyterian and 1 Lutheran church, and several forges. Drained by Maiden cr. and its tributaries. It has 1 tannery, 6 grist ra., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. Pop. 1,057. Albany, p-v., capital of Clinton co., Ky., 8 n. Tenn. line, 126 Frankfort, 620 W. Situated on Spring cr., a tributary of the Cumberland r. Albany, p-v., Henry co.. Term., 106 w. Nash- ville, 792 W. Albany, p-v., Wliitesides co.. 111., 1T7 n. bj' w. Spring.field, 873 W. Situated on the e. side of the Mississippi r. Albany, p-v.. Baker co., Ga., 128 s. s. w. Mil- ledgeville, 785 W. Situated w. side of Flint r. Albemarle Sound, a large inlet from the sea, in the n. e. part of N. Carolina. It extends 6t) ms. from e. to w., and is from 4 to 15 ms. wide. It receives the Chowan, Roanoke, and several smaller rs. It communicates with Pamlico sound and the ocean, by several narrow inlets ; and with Chesapeake Bay by a canal through the Dismal Swamp. Albemarle, county, Va., one of the central counties of the state. It has the Blue Ridge on the n. w., and James r. on the s., and contains an area of 700 sq. ms. Its streams consist chiefly of the head waters of the Rivanna r. The surface of this county is diversified, and its soil various. Capital, Charlottesville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,819, .sheep 20,512, swine 34,606; wheat 326,986 bush, produced, rye 117,369, Ind. corn 711,516, oats 216,382, potatoes 28,539, tobacco 2,409,598 pounds; 74 stores, cap. $302,300; 1 cotton fac. 1,500 sp., 13 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 15 flouring m., 51 grist m., 46 saw m., 2 printing oflices, 2 weekly newspapers, 2 periodicals. Cap. in manufac. $260,885. 1 college, 247 students, 18 acad. 400 students, 21com. sch. 386 scholars. Pop. 1830, 22,618; 1840, wliites 10,512, slaves 13,809 ; total, 22,924. Albemarle, p-o., Stanley co., N. C, 146 Ra- leigh, 383 W. Albertson's, p-o., Duplin co., N. C, 79 Ra- leigh, 309 W. Albion, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 26 n. E. Au- gusta, 44 s. w. Bangor, 621 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $2,400 ; 1 taimery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. ALE 27 ALE in raanut'ac. $7,250. 9 sch. 692 scholars. Pop. 1,624. Albion, p-v., and capital Orleans co., N. Y., 250 w. by N. Albany, 392 W. Situated in Barre t., and on the Erie canal. It contains a court house, jail, clerk's office, 2 banks, 3 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian — an acade- my, a female seminary, 18 stores, 7 warehouses, and 1 flouring m., 200 dwelUngs, and about 1,400 inhabitants. Albion, t., Oswego co., N. Y., 25 e. Oswego, 147 w. N. w. Albany. Tlie surface is undula- ting, and the soil good. Watered by Salmon r. on the N., and Salmon cr. on the s. It contains 3 stores, cap. $3,900 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 18 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,200. It has 16 sch. 561 scholars. Pop. 1,503. Albion, t., Calhoun co., Mich. The Kalamazoo r. passes through it. It has 4 stores, cap. $29,000 ; 2 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $42,630. 8 sch. 201 scholars. Pop. 932. Albio.n, p-v., Albion t., Calhoun co., Mich., 92 Detroit, 564 W. It is on the right bank of Kala- mazoo r., and contams 80 dwellings, 1 saw m., 1 flouruig m., and 3 stores. Albion, p-v., Fairfield dist, S. C, 34 Colum- bia, 475 W. Albion p-o., Wayne co., O., 112 Columbus, 363 W. Albion C. H., P-v., Edwards co.. 111., 165 Spruigfield, 40 s. w. Vmceiines, 731 W. Establish- ed in 1819. Settled chiefly by English emigrants. The situation is high and healthy. It contains 3 stores, a flouring m. moved by o.\en, and 40 or 50 families. It has a brick court house, 44 feet square, and 2 stories high. Albrights, p-o.. Orange co., N. C, 63 Raleigh, 297 W. Alburg, p-t., and port of entry. Grand Isle co., Vt., 83 Montpelier, 557 W. It lies in the n. w. comer of the state, and is a triangular body of land projectmg from Canada into Lake Cham- plain, by which it is surrounded, excepting on the Canada side. The surface is low and level, and the soil is good, and well timbered. It has 4 stores, cap. $7,900 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,150. Pop. 1,344. Alburg Springs, p-v., Alburg t.. Grand Isle CO., Vt., 87 Montpelier, 561 W. Here is a min- eral spring of considerable efficacy in scrofulous and other cases. Alden, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 22 e. Buffalo, 270 Albany, 380 W. The village has 30 dwellings, and 1 Presbyterian cliurch, and contains 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tan- nery, 3 grist m., 10 :saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,500. 14 sch. 667 scholars. Pop. 1,984. Alder Branch, p-o., Bradley co., Temi., 168 Nashville, 593 W. Alder Creek, p-o., Booneville t., Oneida co., N. Y., 107 w. N. w. Albany, 412 W. Aldie, p-o., Loudon co., Va., 139 n. Riclunond, 42 W. Aledon, p-t., Ingham co., Mich., 92 w. by n. Detroit, 578 W. Pop. 221. Aleppo, t., Greene co.. Pa. Pop. 650. Ale.kander, p-t., WasMngton co.. Me., 25 n. by w. Machias, 202 e. n. e. Augusta, 788 W. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,420. 6 sch. 237 scholars. Pop. 513. Alexander, county. III., situated in the s. part of the state, contains 375 sq. ms. It has the Ohio r. on its s. E., and the Mississippi r. on its s. w. border. The soil is fertile, and one third, at least, alluvion. The s. part is liable to be overflowed. Watered by Cash r. and branches. Sextons and Clear creeks. Organized in 1819. Capital, Unity. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,952, sheep 998, swine 10,339; wheat 3,947 bushels produced, Ind. corn 84,020, oats 11,620, potatoes 10,112; 13 stores, cap. $29,040; 1 tan- nery, 1 distillery, 10 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $102,730. 8 sch. 190 scholars. Pop. 3,313. Ale.\a\der, p-t., Genesee co., N. Y., 8 s. w. Batavia, 258 w. by n. Albany, 382 W. It is crossed by the Touawanda creek ; and has 4 stores, cap. $31,000 ; 4 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,800. 1 acad. 200 students, 14 com. sch. 516 scholars. Pop. 2,242. Ale.xander, p-t., Athens co., O., 78 Colum- bus, 345 W. It is one of the two townships granted to the Ohio University. It has 5 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 3 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $3,200. 5 sch. 130 scholars. Pop. 1,451. Ale.xandersville, p-v., Montgomery co., O., 7 below Dayton, on the 3Iiami canal, 74 w. s. w. Columbus, 469 W. Alexandria, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 34 n. w. Concord, 515 W. It has 2,000 acres of rich in- terval land on its streams, while other parts are rough. It contains 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 wol- len fac, 1 fulUng m., 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,185. 14 sch. 394 scholars. Pop.1,284. Alexandria, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 20 n. Watertown, 195 n. w. Albany, 447 W. To this town belong a part of the Thousand islands in the St. Lawrence r. opposite to it. The shore of the St. Lawrence is here high and picturesque. The military road from Platlsburg to Sacketts Harbor leads centrally through the towii. It has several good mill streams. It contains 6 stores, cap. !tS19,200 ; 1 giist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. Spl4,505. 6 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 3,475. Alexandria, \)-h., Porter t., Huntingdon co., Pa., 98 w. Harrisburg, 157 W. It contains 2 churches, 70 dwellings, 7 stores, cap. $-26,400 ; 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 grist m. Cap. m manu- fac $17,100. Pop. 575. Alexandria t., Hunterdon co., N. J., 12 n. e. Flemington. It contains 33,000 acres, and has several post villages ; 10 stores, cap. $66,000 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 1 ropewalk, 6 flouring m., 4 grist m., 10 saw ni., 3 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $139,955. 9 sch. 420 scholars. Pop. 3,420. Alexandria, p-o., St. Albans t.. Licking co., O., 40 E. by N. Columbus, 379 W. Alexandria city, seaport and capital of Alex- andria CO., D. C, 43 s. s. vv. Baltimore, 115 n. Richmond, 7 W. 38° 48' N. lat. 0° 3' w. Ion. W. It is finely situated on the w. side of the Potomac, which has a depth of water here sufficient for vessels of the largest class. The population in 1800 was 4.196; in 1810, 7,227; in 1820, 8,218; in 1830, 8,263 ; in 1840, 8,459. The city is consid- erably elevated, ascending gradually from the r; the streets cross each other at right angles. The public buildings are a court house, and 10 churches —2 Presbyterian, 2 Episcopal, 2 Methodist, I Bap- tist, 1 Friends, 1 colored Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic. The city has considerable shipping, and exports wheat, "Indian corn, and tobacco, to a considerable amount. The tonnage of the port in 1840, was 14,470. The Chesapeake and Ohio canal extends to this place, and may be expected to add to its prosperity. It has 2 banks, with an aggregate cap. of $l,O0t),000, and 1 fhe, and 1 marme msurance co. It is governed by a mayor and a common council of 16 members. It has 8 acad. 296 students, 10 sch. 224 scholars. Alexandria, comity, comprises all that part of the District of Columbia which lies w. of the Potomac, and formerly belonged to Virginia. The soil is generally thin, and the surface un- ALL 28 ALL even. It contains about 36 sq. m. A bridge, of over a mile in length, connects it with Washing- ton city. The laws of Virginia are in force here, tinless superseded by the special enactments of the general govennnent. There were in 1840, neat cattle 989, sheep 263, swine 1,190 ; wheat 4,334 bushels produced, rye 2,798, Ind. corn 18,800, oats 9,091, potatoes 6,283; 156 stores, cap. $1,528,450 , 5 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 rope walk, 3 grist m., 1 daily newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $474,400. Pop. 1830, 9,608 ; 1840, wliites 6,731, slaves 1,374, free colored 1,862 ; total, 9,967. Alexandria, p-v., Campbell cc, Ky., 85 Frankfort, 506 W. Alexandria, p-v., De Kalb co., Tenn.,15 s. Car- thage, 50 E. Nashville, 640 W. It is on Lickneus or. 15 ms. Cumberland r. It has 2 stores, 2 churches— 1 Campbellite, and 1 Methodist— and about 250 inhabitants. Alexandria, p-o., Madison cc, la., 48 n. n. E. Indianapolis, 556 W. Alexandria, p-o., Clark cc, Mo. Alexandria, p-c, Benton co., Ala., 129 n. e. Tuscaloosa, 727 W. Alexandria, p-v., and capital of Rapides Parish, La., 291 n. w. New Orleans, 1,210 W. It is situated on Red r., a little below the lower rapids. The houses are on a .single street, along the river. It has a court house, jail, and printing office. Alexandriana, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 161 s. w. by w. Raleigh, 398 W. Alford, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 14 s. by w. Lenox, 24 e. Hudson, N. Y., 14 Boston, 361 W. Incorporated in 1773. It is watered by Green r. and branches, which enter the Housatonic. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. ; 4 sch. 144 scholars. Pop. 481. Alfordbville, p-v., Robeson co., N. C., 107 s. s. AV. Raleigh, 395 W. Alfred, p-o., Meigs co., O., 101 s. e. by s. Co- lumbus, 328 W. Alfred, p-t., York co., Me., one of the shire towns of the co., 24 n. by w. York, 35 s. w. Port- land, 78 s. w. Augusta, 517 W. Incorporated 1808. There is a society of Shakers hi the tovm. The soil is good, and well watered. It has 7 stores, cap. $14,500 ; 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,352. 1 acad. 35 students, 10 sch. 397 scholars. Pop. 1,408. Alfred, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 12 s. E. Angelica, 249 w. s.w. Albany, 321 W. Tlie N. York and Erie railroad is to pass through it. It is watered by several mill streams. It has 4 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 1 fulling m.,2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,400. Pop. 1,630. Algansi, t., Branch co., Mich., contains 1 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 3 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 424. Allamuchy, p-o., Warren co., N. J., 66 n. by w. Trenton, 'izl W. Allatoona, p-o., Cass CO., Ga., 130 n. w. Mil- ledgeville, 659 W. Allegan, county, Mich., lies on the west bor- der of the state, on Lake Michigan, was organized in 1835, and contains 840 sq. ms. It is watered by the Kalamazoo, Black, and Rabbit rs. The surface is undulating. On the lake shore the soil is sandy, on the rivers a rich alluvion ; and m other parts a mixture of clay and sand. Lumber is ex- tensively manufactured. Chief town, Allegan. There were 1840, neat cattle 1,511, sheep 107, swine 2.266; wheat 13,815 bush, produced, Ind. corn 14,735, oats 15,424, potatoes 23,792, sugar 118,845 pomids, lumber valued at $97,700; 1 fur- nace, 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $213,375. 1 acad. 15 stu- dents, 12 sch. 305 scholars. Pop. 1,783. Allegan, p-t., and capital of Allegan co., Mich., is situated on both sides of the Kalamazoo r., con- nected by 2 bridges, 161 vv. by n. Detroit, 626 W. It is at the head of navigation, and has good water power. It has an elevated location, on a dry, sandy soil, and commands a fine prospect. It has 1 furnace, 1 flouring m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $89,100. 1 acad. 15 students, 3 sch. 61 scholars. Pop. 634. Alleghany, r., the principal head branch of the Ohio r., which see. Alleghany or Appallachian AIountains, constitute a range of great length, and from 50 to 200 ms. in breadth, and reach from the Cattskill mountains in the state of New York, their most elevated part, to Georgia. The course of this great chain is nearly parallel with the Atlantic, and about from 50 to 130 ms. distant from it; and it consists of a number of parallel ridges, denom- inated the Blue Ridge, North mountain, Jackson's mountain. Laurel mountain, Cumberland moun- tain, &c. These mountains, for the most part, are not over 2,500 feet high, and they divide the wa- ters which flow into the Atlantic on the e., from those which flow into the Mississippi and the lakes to the N. and w. These ridges rarely presentnaked summits, but are generally wooded to the top ; and between the ridges are often valleys of fertile land, though the coimtry among them is generally rocky and rough. They consist of granite, gneiss, mica and clay slate, primitive limestone, &c. Allegany, county, N. Y., is one of the south- em tier of comities, being bounded s. by Pennsyl- vania. It was taken from Genesee co. in 1806. It is watered by Genesee r., which flows nearly through the middle of it, from s. to n., and a num- ber of smaller streams or creeks, wliich flow into it on each side. The valley of the Genesee con- tains much excellent land, and the country on each side rises, and in the e. and w. part of the co. consists of an elevated table land, from 1,500 to 2,500 feet above tide water in the Hudson r. The area of the county is about 1,185 sq. ms. Tlie Genesee Valley canal passes tlirough the county, from s. to N., and commences at Olean, in Catta- raugus CO., on the Alleghany r., and will form a line of communication from the Erie canal at Ro- chester to Pittsburg. The New York and Erie railroad will also pas.s through this county by a circuitous course, from E. to w. The soil of this county is generally fertile, but better adapted to grazing than to grain. Among the minerals are limestone and bog iron ore. The growth of tim- ber is large, consisting of oak, maple, beech, bass- wood, ash, elm, and white and yellow pine, and hemlock, the last 3 behig found chiefly in the s. part. Capital, Angelica. There were in 1840, neat cattle 45,864, sheep 129,655, swuie 30,043 ; wheat 232,471 bush, produced, buckwlieat 20,068, Ind. corn 60,137, potatoes 583,945, oats 354,566 ; 13 stores, cap. $376,400 ; 24 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 31 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 36 grist m., 204 saw m., 1 oil m., 6 furnaces, 3 print- ing offices, 2 weekly papers. Cap. in manufac. $403,370. Pop. in 1830, 26,218 ; ui 1840, 40,975. Alleghany, comity. Pa. This important coun- ty lies on the w. border of Pennsylvania, and con- tains the Monongahela and Alleghany rs., where they unite to i'onn the Ohio, whiih runs 14 ms. in tills county. Pittsburg, its capital, situated at the confluence of these rivers, is one of the most im- portant places oi' the west. The country, though hilly, is fertile, and the natural growth' is dense and large. The agriculture, manufactures and commerce of the county are in a very flomishing state. There were in 1840, neat cattle 21,512, sheep 56,459, swine 34,635 ; wheat 461,167 bush. ALL 29 ALL produced, rye 53,015, buckwheat 29,894, Ind. com 289,797, potatoes 409,2 10, oats 770,378. It contains 7 commer. houses, in for. tr., and 32 com. $1,241,1 10; 551 stores, cap. $4,389,290 ; 5 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 5 cotton fac, 17,270 sp., 32 tanneries, 14 dis- tilleries, 6 breweries, 17 glass houses, 1 pottery, 37 flouring m., 52 grist m., 81 saw m., 2 oil m., 28 furnaces, 18 printing ofllces, 4 daily and 11 weekly newspapers, 10 periodicals. Cap. in manufac. $3,554,562. It has 2 colleges, 81 students, 21 acad. 1,186 students, 202 sch. 10,281 scholars. Pop. in 1830, 40,506; in 1840, 81,235. Alleghany, county, Md., lies in the extreme western part of the state. The main branch of the Alleghany mountains passes tlirough it, and its surface is extremely rough and broken, though much of the soil is fertile. It Ibrms the dividing ridge whence the Yougliiogeny proceeds n. w. into the Monongahela ; and the head branch of the Potomac proceeds s. w. toward the Atlantic. It is by this route that the Chesapeake and Ohio canal and the Baltimore and Oliio railroad are to proceed. The great national road, constructed by the general government, at a great expense, and leading into the western states, commences at Cumberland, the capital of tliis co. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,031, sheep 13,763, swine 1 1,490 ; wheat 86,648 bush, produced, Ind. corn 121,747, potatoes 87,193, oats 213,581 ; 63 stores, cap. $211,400 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 8 tan- neries, 8 distilleries, 11 flouring m., 18 grist m., 44 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 furnace, 2 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $99,410. Pop. in 1830, 10,609 ; in 1840, 15,690, of which 812 were slaves. Alleghany county, Va., lies in the central part of the state, among the Alleghany momitains, and is dramed by the head waters of James r. It con- tams an area of 521 sq. ms. Soil is rich on the streams, and on the "rich patch mountain" is highly productive, and densely populated. On the other mountains, the land i.s poor, and covered with pmes. A stream issuing from a spring, after a short, tranquil course, has a fall of 180 feet, and proceeds fi-om cataract to cataract, until its entrance mto Jackson's r. The passage of Jack- son's r. tlu-ough Waite's mountain, is regarded as a curiosity. Its moimtainous situation, and great elevation, give it a cooler temperature than might be expected from its latitude. Capital, Covington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,686, sheep 3,647, swine 4,578; wheat 25,449 bush, produced, rye 9,142, Ind. com 70,828, oats 58,860, potatoes 9,372, tobacco 42,500 pounds ; 5 stores, cap. $2,400 ; 4 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 1 pottery, 4 flourhig m., 20 grist m., 21 saw m., 1 furnace. Cap. in manu- fac. $28,890. 5 sch. 88 scholars. Pop. 1830, 2,816 ; 1840, wlutes 2,142, slaves 547, free col'd 60 ; total, 2,749. Alleghany, t, Armstrong co.. Pa. The sur- face is hilly ; soil, generally lean. Drained by Kiskiminitas and Crooked crs. It contains salt works, and has 5 stores, cap. $9,600 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $8,300. Pop. 1,839. Alleghany, t., Himtingdon co.. Pa., surface mountainous ; soil red shale, and fertile in the val- leys. Drained principally by Beaverdam, branch of the Susquehanna r. It has 6 stores, cap. $42,000 ; 2 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 20 saw m. Cap. in manufac $14,223. Pop. 2,225. Alleghany, t., Venango co.. Pa. The siu-lace is hilly ; soil, gravel. Drained by Stewart's and Hickory crs. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 2 tan- neries, 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $8,300. 4 sch. 108 scholars. Pop. 804. Alleghany, t., Somerset co.. Pa. The surfece is very hilly ; soil, reddish gravel. Drained by Willis's and Rush crs. It has 1 store, cap. $500 , 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,910. Pop. 633. Alleghany, t.. Potter co.. Pa. Pop. 238. Alleghany, t., Westmoreland co., Pa., on the E. bank of the Alleghany r., and has Kiskiminitas r. on the n. e. It has 5 stores, cap. $3,400 ; 6 flouring m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manuiac. $24,000. 11 sch. 343 scholars. Pop. 2,641. Alleghany, t., (and I.oretto v.) Cambria co., Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,100 ; 1 tannery, 1 potte- ry, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,877. 7 sch. 256 scholars. Pop. 1,217. Alleghany, city, Ross t., Alleghany co., Pa., (see Pittsburg.) It has 58 stores, cap. $83,400; 9 lumber yards, 3 cotton fac, 14,270 sp., 2 tanne- ries, 1 furnace, 1 brewery, 1 rope walk. Cap. in manufac. $726,640. Pop. 10,089 Allemance, p-v., Guilford co , N. C, 69 w. n. w. Raleigh, 303 W. Allen, t., Noble co., la. 1 sch. 18 scholars. Pop. 179. Allen, p-t., Cumberland co.. Pa., 18 w. s. w. Harrisburg, 102 W. It has 6 stores, cap. $26,500 ; 2 fulling m. Cap. in manufac. $3,175. Pop. 2,122. Allen, t.. Dark co., O. Pop. 194. Allen, t., Northampton co., Pa. It has 2 Lu- theran churches, and several mills, and contains 11 stores, cap. $47,000; 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 6 flourhig m., 4 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $72,000. 1 acad. 50 students, 7 sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 2,547. Allen, county, O., in the n. w. part of the state. It occupies the height of land between Lake Erie and the Oliio r. Watered cliiefly by Auglaize r. The county contains 554 sq. ms., and the soil is fertile. Capital, Lima. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,085, sheep 3,723, swine 18,869; wheat 60,521 bush, produced, rye 3,204, Ind. corn 168,545, oats 53,272, potatoes 63,119, sugar 106,744 pounds ; 19 stores, cap. 20,500 ; 4 tanneries, 2 dis- tilleries, 7 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,565. 19 sch. 418 scholars. Pop. 9,079. Allen, county, la., in the n. e. part of the state. It was organized in 1824, and contains 650 sq. ms. The surface is level, the soil is fertile, and the coimtry is well timbered. Some wet prairies abound with gi-ass, which forms a kind of winter pasture for cattle, and a partial substitute for hay. St. Joseph's r. from the n. and St. Mary's from the s. unite at Fort Wayne, and form the JVIaumee r., which proceeds eastvi'ardly to Lake Erie. The Wabash and Erie canal, connecting Lake Erie at Toledo, with the Oliio at Evansville, passes through this county. Capital, Fort Wayne. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,654, sheep 924, swine 8,524 ; wheat 34,819 bush, produced, Ind. corn 84,275, potatoes 34,056, sugar 24,865 pounds ; 5 for. com. houses, cap. $16,000; 36 stores, cap. $180,200; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 1 pottery, 3 flour- ing m., 2 grist m., 14 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $67,300. 32 sch. 920 scholars. Pop. 5,942. Allen, county, on the s. border of Ky., has a level surface, and a soil moderately good. The Big Barren r., a branch of Green r., runs on its eastern and northern border, by the branches of which it is watered. Capital, Scottsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,051, sheep 11,419, swine 28,165; wheat 47,157 bush, produced, Ind. com 312,665, oats 103,418, potatoes 16,117, tobacco 508,870 pounds, cotton 17,869, sugar 35,113; 11 stores, cap. $19,800; 2 tarmeries, 49 distilleries, 6 flouring m., 3 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $8,850. 5 sch. 104 scliolars. Pop. whites 6,375, slaves 935, free col'd 19 ; total, 7,329. ALM 30 ALT Allen, t., Hillsdale co., Mich., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,000. 3 .sch. 96 scholars. Pop. 466. Allen Centre, p-o., in Allen t., Alleghany CO., N. Y. The town is 7 n. Angelica, 268 w. by s. Albany, 341 W. The surface is undulating, and the soil clay and sandy loam. It has 1 store cap. $2,500 ; 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. Pop. 867. Allen's, p-o., Miami co., O., 62 w. Columbus, 456 W. Allen's Bridge, p-o., Marlborough dist., S. C, 148 N. E. Columbus, 437 W. Allen's Ferrv, p-o., Cannon co.,Tenn., 67 s. K. by E. Nashville, 614 W. Allen's Fresh, p-o., Charles co., Md., 81 s. s. w. Anna(K)lis, 41 W. Allen's Hill, p-o., Richmond t., Ontario co., N. Y., 217 w. Albany, 354 W. It has a church, 2 stores, 12 dwellings. Allen's Settlement, p-o., Claiborne par., La., 396 n. w. N. Orleans, 1,266 W. Allen's Station, p-o., Hawkins co., Term., 246 NashvUIe, 456 W. Allenstown, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 10 s E. Concord, 480 W. It is on the Suncook r., soil moderately good, with growth of oak and pine timber. Licorporated 1831 ; 4 sch. 106 scholars. Pop. 445. Allensville, p-o., Mifflen co., Pa^ 76 n. w. Harrisburg, 157 W. Allensville, p-o., Jackson co., O., 72s. byE, Columbus, 373 W. Allensville, p-o., Todd co., Ky., 186 s. w. Frankfort, 710 W. Allensville, p-o., Switzerland co., la., 102 s. s. e. Indianapolis, 534 W. Allensville, p-o., Forsyth co., Ga., 115 n. n. w. Milledgeville, 647 W. Allentown, p-v., Wilcox CO., Ala., Ills. Tus- caloosa, 903 W. Alle.vtown, p-v., in Upper Freehold t, Mon- mouth CO., N. J,, 12 K. by n. Trenton, 178 W. It has 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 1 grist ra., 2 saw m., a cotton fac, and some good frame and brick houses. The village is pleasant, but the land around is not very good. Allentown, p-b., (called also Northampton,) capital of Leliigh co., Pa., 87 E. N. e. Harrisburg, 180 W. It contains 15 st w. Richmond, 413 W. Bingham, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 60 n. Augus- ta, 26 N. Norridgewock, 655 W. Situated on the E. side of Kennebec r. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,700 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §3,700. 10 sch. 358 scholars. Pop. 751. Bingham, p-t.. Potter co.. Pa., 181 n. w. Ilar- risburg, 295 W. It has 3 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $2,900. 5 sch. 98 scholars. Pop. 453. Bingham, t., Clinton co., 3Iich. BiNGHAMTON, p-v., Chenango t., capital of Broome co., JN. Y., 138 s. w. Albany, 296 W. Sit- uated at the junction of the Chenango and Sus- quehanna rivers. Incorporated in 1813, and has a court house, jail, comity clerk's office, an acade- my, 9 churches, 2 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 2 Methodist, 1 Roman Catholic, and 2 African. It has 45 stores, 4 warehouses, 2 ilour- ing m., 4 saw m., 1 furnace, 1 stave factory, 2 plaster m., 2 tanneries, 1 plough factory, 1 cloth- dressing establishment, 1 gmi and rifle factory, 2 printing offices, and various other manufactures. The Chenango canal connects it with the Erie canal at Utica, and the New York and Erie rail- road will pass through it. There is a bridge here over the Susquehamia, and another over the Che- nango. It is surrounded by a rich agricultural country, and exports a large amount of lumber. Pop. 2,800. BiRCHETTSviLLE, p-o., Cleveland co., N. C. Birch Pond, p-o., Fayette co., Tenn., 199 s. w. by w. Nashville, 834 W. Birch River, p-o., Nicholas co., Va., 330 n. w. by w. Richmond, 302 W. BiRDSALL, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 225 w. by s. Albany, 8 n. e. Angelica, 336 W. The siu-- face is undulating and the soil clay loam. Drained by Black cr. It has 1 saw m., 3 sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 328. Birdsville, p-v., Burke co., Ga., 74 e. Mil- ledgevUle, 636 W. i 9 Birmingham, p-b., Warrior Mark t., Hunting- don CO., Pa.. 107 n. w. by w. Harrisburg, 166 VV., on the w. branch of the Little Jimiata r. There is a lead mine and ii-on ore near the v. It has 1 church, 40 houses ; 6 stores, cap. $13,650. Cap. in manufac. $4,787. Pop. 235. Birmingham, t., Delaware co., Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 9 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,060. 3 sch. 59 scholars. Pop. 605. Birmingham, t, Chester co.. Pa., has 1 store, cap. 2,500 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $2,460. 2 sch. 137 scholars. Pop. 312. Birmingham, p-v., Florence t., Erie co., O., 115 iN. by E. Columbus, 3:38 W. Situated on the w. bank of Vermillion r. It contains 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 forge, several stores, and various me- chanic shops, and is a growing village. Birmingham, p-v., Oakland co., Mich., 19 n. w. Detroit, 543 W. It is pleasantly situated on one of the head branches of Rouge r. It has 4 stores, 1 flouring ra., 1 furnace, and is flourisliing. Birmingham, borough, St. Clair t., Alleghany CO., Pa. (See Pittsburg.) BisHOPsviLLE, p-v., Sumpter dist. S. C, 87 n E. by E. Columbia, 495 W. Bissell's, p-o., Geauga CO., O., 149 n. e. Co- lumbus, 337 W. BiSTiNEAU, lake, Claiborne par., La., 35 miles long, and about 2 wide, receives Dacheet r., and connects witii the Red r., the waters of which it receives as a reservoir, in the wet season, and discharges them in the dry. Bivingsville, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 101 N. w. Columbia, 4G9 W. Black, t., Posey co., la. It has 10 stores, cap. $186,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 3 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 printmg office, 1 w^eekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $12,500. 10 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 2,526. Blackberry, p-o., Kane co.. 111. Black Bird, p-o.. New Castle co., Del., 18 n. Dover, 13S W. Black Bkook, p-t., Clmton co., N. Y., 20 s. w. Plaitsburg, 158 n. Albany, 533 W. Surface, hilly and mountainous, covered with forests, and abounds in iron ore. Drained by the Saranac and Au Sable is., and Black brook. It has 6 stores, cap. $14,400 ; 4 forges, 1 tamiery,9 saw m. Cap. in manulac. $20,850. 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 1,064. Black Creek, p-v., New Hudson t., Allegha- ny CO., N. Y., 275 w. by s. Albany, 325 W. The V. has 1 store, 1 church, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Black Creek, rises in New Hudson t., Alle- ghany CO., N. Y., and runs n. e. into the Gene see r. The Genesee Valley canal follows the valley of this cr. a considerable distance, after leaving the Genesee r. Black Creek, p-o., Wayne co., N. C, 73 s. e. Raleigh, 281 W. Black Creek, p-o., Scriven co., Ga., 128 e. by s. Milledgeville, 650 W. Black Creek, t., Mercer co., O. Pop. 339. Black Creek, p-o., Sullivan co., la., 96 s. w. Indianapolis, 663 W. Blackface, p-o., Nottaway co., Va. Blackford, comity, la., toward the n. e. part of the state, contams 182 sq. ms. Establislied in 1838. The soil is generally good, and in the s. part excellent. Drained by Salamaide r. and several small crs. Capital, Blackford C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,015, sheep 240, swine 2,902; wheat 3,259 bush, ju-oduced, Ind. corn 22,753, oats 1,579, potatoes 3,377, sugar 745 Iba., 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. 1,226. BLA 66 BLA Blackford, C. H., p-v., Hartford t., capital of Blackford cc, la., 81 n. e. Indianapolis, 552 W. Black Hawk, p-o., Beaver co., Pa. Black Hawk, p-o., Carroll co., Miss., 77 n. Jackson, 994 W. Black Hawk, p-t., Shelby co., la., 34 s. e. Indianapolis, 577 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,500 ; Pop. 102. Black Hole, p-o., Lycoming co., Pa., 87 n. by w. Harrisburg, 197 W. Black Hokse, p-o., Chester t., Chester co.. Pa., 57 s. E. Harrisburg, 127 W. Black House, p-o., Hartford co., Md., 57 n. by E. Annapolis, 67 W. Black Legs, p-o., Indiana co.. Pa., 175 w. by N. Harrisburg, 215 W. Blackleysville, p-v., Plain t., Wayne co., O., 94 N. E. Columbus, 353 W. Black Oak, p-o., Charleston dist., S. C, 139 8 E. by s. Columbia, 527 W. Black Oak, p-o., Tallahatcliie co., Miss., 128 Jackson, 975 W. Black, r., Windsor co., Vt., 35 ms. long, enters Connecticut r. at Springfield. Black, r., Lorahi co., O., formed of 2 branches, wliich unite half a mile below Elyria. Just above their jmiction, they liave each a full of 45 feet, afTordmg line mill seats. The united stream en- ters Lake Erie. Black, r., N. Y., the tliird in size wliich flows wlioUy within the stale. It rises in Herkimer co., and after a course of 103 ms., falls into Black r. bay at the foot of Lake Ontario. At Leyden, in the s. E. part of Lewis county, the r. falls 63 feet, ii'om whicli to Carthage, in the s. e. part of Jeffer- son CO., a distance of 40 nis., tlie r. is navigable for boats. Below Carthage to its mouth, it has many rapids, and cannot be navigated. The land ou its borders, in its lower parts, is exceedingly fertile, and has a dense population. From tlie foot of the falls of Leyden, the Black r. canal ex- tends to the Erie canal at Rome, wliich, witli the river navigation to Carthage, will, when complet- ed, make a distance in tlie whole, of 85 miles. Black, r., N. C, one of the e. branches of Cape Fear r., whicli it enters 23 ms. above Wil- mington. Black, r., S. C, the s. w. branch of Great Pe- dee r., wliich it enters 3 ms. above Georgetown. Black, r.. Ark., rises in Missouri, and after re- ceiving several large rivers from the N. w., enters Wliite r. 80 ms. from the n. bomidary of Arkan- sas. Black, r., Mich., has a course of 18 ms., and discharges its waters into L. Micliigan, between Allegan and Ottawa counties. 5 ms. from its mouth, it expands into Black lake, but contracts to its usual breadth before entering tlie lake. A fine harbor might be made at its mouth. Black River, p-t., Lorain co., 0.», 130 n. n. e. Columbus, 387 W. It is a small t., wliich lies on both sides of Black r., and adjoins Lake Erie. The V. at the mouth of the r. on Lake Erie, has a good harbor, and considerable trade. The t. contains 1 foreign commission house, cap. $50,000 ; 4 retail stores, cap. $10,750; 2 lumber yards, cap. $38,000. Cap. in manufac. $y,000. 3 sch. 67 sciiolars. Pop. 668. Black River, t., St. Francis co.. Mo. Pop. 101. Black River, t., Wasliington co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 685. Black River, t., Wayne co.. Mo. Pop. 528. Black River, t.. Independence co., Ark. It has 1 grist m. Pop. 476. Black River, t., Lawrence co^ Ark. Pop. 100. Black River, p-o., Rutland t., Jefferson co., N. Y. Black River Chapel, p-o., New Hanover CO., N. C, 126 s. by e. Raleigh, 356 W. Black Rock, p-v., Black Rock t., Erie co., N. Y., near the foot of Lake Erie, 2i ms. below the city of Buffalo, of which it may be considered a suburb, and with which it is connected by a rail- road; 290 Albany by land, 316 by the Erie canal, 383 W. Incorporated 1837. It contains 300 dwellings, and about 1,800 inhabitants. It has 1 cliurch, 10 stores and groceries, 5 warehouses, 4 flouring m. with 25 run of stones, 2 saw ra., 2 oil m., 2 distilleries, 1 iron foundry, 1 machine shop, and various other manufacturing establishments. The harbor is formed by an immense stone pier, or mole, projecting into Niagara r., built by the state of New York, for the double purpose of forming a safe and convenient harbor for vessels on the lake, and canal boats which here enter the lake, and also for securing to the Erie canal an abundance of water, directly from the lake, east- ward, as far as Montezuma, nearly half its entire length. By means of the mole, an immense wa- ter power is obtained at Black Rock. There were received in 1840, 511,984 bushels of wheat, and 244,700 barrels of flour manufactured. There is a ferry here across to Waterloo in Canada. Black Rock, t., Erie co., N. Y. It extends on 3 sides of Buffalo, from which it is centrally distant 3 ms. The surface is mostly undulating, with an alluvial soil intermixed with clay. Squaw and Strawberry islands, each containing about 100 acres, belong to this t. It has 10 sch. 396 scholars. Pop. 3,625. Black Rock, p-o., Rappahannock co., Va., 131 N. N. w. Richmond, 83 W. Blacks, p-o., Waldo co.. Me., 53 e. Augusta, 647 W. Blacks and Whites, p-o., Nottaway co., Va., 60 s. w. Richmond, 179 W. Black's Bluff, p-o., Wilcox co., Ala., 109 s. by e. Tuscaloosa, 901 W. Blacksborg, p-o., Montgomery co., Va., 212 s. w. Richmond, 278 W. Blacksnake Hills, p-o., Buchanan co.. Mo. Black Stocks, p-o., Chester dist., S. C, 46 N. by w. Columbia, 463 W. Blackstone, p-o., Worcester co., Mass., 40 s. w. Boston, 418 W. Blackstone, r., or Pawtucket, rises in Wor- cester CO., Mass., and enters Providence, R. I., where it affords a great water power, and has given birth to numerous factories. Tlie Black- stone canal from Worcester to Providence, fol- lows the course of this r. This canal is 45 miles long, was completed in 1829, and cost ii>700,000. Black's Store, p-o., Tippah co.. Miss., 224 Jackson, 858 W. Blacksville, p-v., Monongalia co., Va., 300 N. w. Rielmiond, 233 W. Situated at the junc- tion of Robert's Run and Drunkard's cr., 50 miles from its entrance into the Monongahela r. The village is on the line between Va. and Pa., and contains 2 stores, 1 tannery, several mechanic shops, and 12 or 14 dwellings. The creek is navigable to this place, and boat buildmg is car- ried on. The country around is uneven, but very fertile. Black Swamps, p-o., Sandusky co., O., 113 N. Columbus, 431 W. Blackville, p-o., Barnwell dist., S. C, 90 s. s. w. Columbia, 594 W. Black Walnut, p-o., Halifax co.,Va., 133 s. w. Richmond, 225 W. Black Warrior, r., Ala., is formed by 2 head branches. Locust Fork or Eastern Branch, and Blulberry r., wliich unite in the s. w. part of Jackson co. Below their junction the r. passes BLA 67 BLE Tuscaloosa, and after a course of 80 miles enters the Tombigbee. The whole course of the r. to its extreme source is about 160 ms. It is navi- gable for steamboats to Tuscaloosa, and for boats much further. Blackwatkr, r., Merrimac cc, N. H., enters the Contoocook in Hopkinton. Blackwater, r., Va., rises in Prince George county, and after a course of about 70 ms. enters the Nottawav r. nearly on the boundary between Va. and N. C. Blackwater,!., Pettis CO., Mo. Pop. 197. Blackwater, p-o., Kemper co., Miss., 224 w. N. w. Jackson, 858 W. Blackwater, p-o., Johnston county, Mo., 110 JefTerson city, 1,046 W. Blackwells, p-o., Caswell co., N. C, 94 n. w. Raleigh, 270 W. Blackwell's Isl.\nd, in the East river, op- posite New York. It is the seat of the city peni- tentiary. There is a lunatic asylum on the n. end. Bladen, county, N. C, is in the s. part of the state, and contains 1,200 sq. miles. Drained by Cape Fear r. It has South r., a branch of Cape Fear r., on its n. e. boimdary. Capital, Elizabeth. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,789, sheep 5,855, swine 21,668 ; wheat 1,519 bushels produced, In- dian corn 180,705, oats 4,9.54, potatoes 55,141, rice 74,787 pounds, cotton 58,193, tar, pitch, &c. 14,281 barrels; 11 stores, cap. $29,600; 18 dis- tilleries, 83 grist m., 21 saw m. 1 acad. 11 stu- dents, 23 sch. 384 scholars. Pop. 1830, 7,801 ; 1840, whites 4,317, slaves 3,413, free col'd 292 ; total, 8,022. Bladensburg, p-v.. Prince George co., Md., 6 N. E., Washington, a little s. of the railroad to Baltimore, 34 w. Annapolis. It has 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — an academy, 8 stores, 60 dwellings, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m. Pop. 400. There is a mineral spring in the village. The country around is fertile, producing tobacco, Indian corn, &c. Bladensburg, p-o., Knox coiuity, Ohio, 61 n. E. Columbus, 362 W. Blandford, t., Hampden co.,Ms., 114 w. Bos- ton. Incorporated in 1741. Branches of West- field r. produce water power. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $26,200. 7 sch. 236 scholars. Pop. 1,427. Blaine, p-o., LawTcnce co., Ky., 139 e. Frank- fort, 455 W. Blaine's Cross Roads, p-o.. Granger county, Tenn., 202 e. Nashville, 480 W. Blair's Ferrv, p-o., Roane county, Tenn., 165 E. Nashville, 582 W. Blairstown, p-o., Warren co., N. J., 74 n. by w. Trenton, 229 W. Blairsville, p-b., Indiana co., Pa., 171 w. by N. Harrisburg, 199 W. Incorporated in 1825. It is on Kiskiminitas r., at the junction of Black Lick cr., and on the line of the Pennsylvania and Ohio canal. It has some substantial brick and stone buildings, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 German Lutheran, and 1 Roman Catholic ; 14 stores, cap. §45,900 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- paper. Cap. in manufac. $17,500 ; 1 school, 255 scholars. Pop. 990. Blairsville, p-o., York dist., S. C, 88 n. Co- lumbia, 440 W. Blairsville, p-v., capital of Union co., Ga., 118 N. n. w. Milledgeville, 617 W. Blairsville, p-v., Posey co., la., 183 s. w. Indianapolis, 741 W. Blakeley, p-t., Luzerne co.. Pa., 150 n. E. Harrisburg, 254 W. Watered by Lackawan- nock r. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,300 ; 2 flouring m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,300. 4 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 570. Blakely, p-o., Stokes co., N. C, 127 N. w. Raleigh, 307 W. Blakely, p-v., capital of Early co., Ga., 203 s. w. Milledgeville, 850 W. It contains a court house, jail, an academy, and 8 dwellings. Blakely, p-v., port of entry, and cap. of Bald- win CO., Ala., situated on the E. side of the Ten- saw r., the E. outlet of Mobile r., opposite to Mo- bile. The harbor admits vessels drawing 11 feet of water. The town stands on a healthy and pleasant spot, and is well supplied with good water. It contains a court house, 10 stores, and many neat dwellings. Blanchard, p-t., Piscatiquis co.. Me., 73 n. by E. Augusta, 068 W. Blanchard's Fork, the e. branch of Auglaize r., Ohio. Blanchard's Bridge, p-v., Blanchard t., Han- cock county, O., 80 n. by w. Columbus, 451 W. Tha village contains 71 inhabitants. In the t. are 4 sch. 215 scholars. Pop. 629. Blanchard, t., Hardin co., O. Drained by Blanchard's Fork of Auglaize river, and has 1 saw m. Pop. 241. Blanchard, t., Putnam co., O. Pop. 688. Blanchard, t., Hancock co., O. Pop. 74. Blanchester, p-o., Marion t., Clinton county, O., 80 N. by w. Augusta, 668 W. Bland's Mills, p-o., Ohio co., Ky., 149 s. w. Frankfort, 691 W. Blaney, p-o., Bradford co.. Pa, 155 n. Harris- burg, 266 W. Blanford, p-t., Hampden co., Ms., 110 w. by s. Boston, 370 W. Watered by branches of Westfield r., which aflbrd good water power. The surface is uneven and the soil fertile. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- len fac, 2 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $36,200. 7 sch. 236 scholars. Pop. 1,427. Blauveltville, p-v., Orangetown t., Rock- land CO., N. Y., 131 s. Albany, 259 W. Blawenburg, p-o., Somerset co., N. J., 15 n. by E. Trenton, 187 W. Bledsoe, county, Tenn., in the s. e. part of the state, contains about 500 sq. miles. Drained principally by Sequatchie r. Surface uneven — in some parts mountainous. Capital, Pike- ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,798, sheep 3,802, swine 27,709 ; wheat 22,932 bushels produced, rye 2,357, Indian corn 341,014, oats 64,739, potatoes 7,622, tobacco 7,241 pounds, cot- ton 8,028 ; 14 stores, cap. $33,000 ; 6 tanneries, 14 distilleries, 15 grist m., 10 .saw m. Cap. in manufac ,$2,350. 1 acad. 30 students, 8 sch. 215 scholars. Pop. 1830, 4,648 ; 1840, whites 5,010, slaves 538, free col'd 128; total, 5,676. Bleeker, p-t., Fulton co., N. Y. The surface is hilly and mountainous, and but little cidtivated. Drained by Caroga cr., and some tributaries of Sacondaga r. It has 1 tannery, 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,475. 4 sch. 72 scholars. Pop. 346. Blendon, p-t., Franklin co., O., 11 n. Colum- bus, 404 W. Incorporated ui 1815, by the name of Harrison ; changed in 1824. Drained by Alnm and Big Walnut creeks, whicli furnish mill seats. It constituted a part of the United States military lands. It has 1 acad. 50 students, 2 sch. 188 scholars. Pop. 972. Blenden Institute, p-v., Franklin co., O. Blenham, Schoharie co., N. Y. 4 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 2 lulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneriesj^ BLO 68 BLO 2 grist m., 18 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $35,900. 1 acad. 25 students, 19 sch. 728 scholars. Pop. 2,725. Blissfield, p-v., Blissfield t., Lenawee co., Mich., 71 s. w. Detroit, 489 W. Situated on the N. bank of the Raisin r., on the Erie and Kala- mazoo railroad, and has 4 stores and 60 dwell- ings. It has 4 sch. 141 scholars. Pop. 778. Blissville, p-o., Jefferson co.. 111. Block Island, constitutes the township of Newshoreham, Newport co., R. I. It lies in the Atlantic ocean, 14 s. s. w. Point Judith. It is 8 miles long, and from 2 to 4 broad. The surface is uneven, and some parts of it elevated ; the soil is sandy and gravelly loam, and fertile. There are several ponds on the island. The people are chiefly employed in fishing, though the island was formerly celebrated lor its cattle and its dairies. It has no harbor. Incorporated in 1672. Blockle Y, t., Philadelphia co., Pa. The surface is gently inclined ; soil, sandy loam. Watered by Mill and Cobb creeks. It has elegant country scats on the Schuylkill r. It contains the county almshouse ; 2 foreign commission stores, cap. $3,500; 16 ret. stores, cap. $1.5,700; 3 fulling m., 4 woollen fac.,3 cotton fac. 728 sp., 3 dyeing and printing estab., 1 ropewalk, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m.,3sawm. Cap. in manufac. $116,600. 1 acad. 14 students, 6 schools, 370 scholars. Pop. 3,318. Bloody Run, p-v.. Providence t., Bedford co., Pa., 95 w. by ,s. Harrisburg, 121 W. Situated on the s. side of Roystovv"n branch of Juniata r., and contains 1 Methodist church, of stone, 2 stores, and 25 or 30 dwellings. Bj.oom, p-t., Seneca co., O., 86 n. Columbus, 420 W. Watered by Honey cr. It has 1 store, cap. $100 ; 2 grist m., 6 saw m., 8 sch. 127 schol- ars. Pop. 1,1'68. Bloom, t., Columbia co.. Pa., 10 n. e. Dan- ville. Watered by Susquehanna r. and Fishing cr. Surface level, and soil sandy and calcareous loam. The v. is on Fisliing cr. It has 10 stores, cap. $50,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- neries, 1 di.stillery, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $37,160. 1 acad. 20 students, 6 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. 1,774. Bloom, t., Morgan co., O., on the Muskingum r. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,957 ; 3 saw m., 7 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 1,388. BLOOiM, t., Sciota county, O. It has 6 sch. 96 scholars. Pop. 913. Bloom, t., Fairfield co., O. Pop. 2,301. Bloom, t.. Wood co., Oliio. It has 2 sch. 36 scholars. Pop. 398. Bloomfield, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 35 n. Augusta, 630 W. It lies on the Kennebec river. Incorporated in 1814, and is an excellent town- ship of land. It has 1 store, cap. $6,000 ; 1 tan- nery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $14,800. 1 acad. 50 students, 8 sch. 442 schol- ars. Pop. 1,093. Bloomfield, p-t., Essex county, Vt., 90 n. e. Montpelier, 587 W. It lies on the w. side of Connecticut r., and is watered by branches of Nulhegan r. It has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 62 scholars. Pop. 179. Bloomfield, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 7 n. w. Hartford, 343 W. Incorporated 1835. Formed from Farmiugton, Windsor, and Simsbury, and formerly known as a parish of the former, by tlie name of Wintonbury. Drained by Wood river, wliich unites with Mill r., and enters the Con- necticut, in the ciiy of Hartlbrd. The soil is fer- tile and well cultivated. It contains 1 Congre- gationalist and 1 Baptist church ; 2 stores, cap. $9,000; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,400. 5 sch. 123 scholars. Pop. 986. Bloomfield, p-t., Essex co., N. J., 54 n. e. Trenton, 4 n. Newark, 224 W. The village has 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 2 Methodist — 12 stores, an academy, 2 woollen fac, 1 maho- gany saw m., 1 cotton fac, 1 calico printing viorks, 2 saw m., 1 paper m., 1 grist m., and 300 dwell- ing.?. Pop. about 1,800. There are in the town, one fulling m., 1 dyeing and prmting estab., 1 tan- nery, 1 distillery, 3 paper lac Cap. in manu- fac $1 1 1,000. 2 acad. 60 students, 8 schools, 255 scholars. Pop. 2,528. Bloomfield, p-v., Bloomfield t., Crawford co., Pa., 243 N. w. Harrisburg, 324 W. It has 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $35,400. 4 sch. 76 scholars. Pop. 564. Bloomfield, v., capital Jimiatat., Perry co.. Pa. It has 1 acad. 20 students, 1 school, 116 scholars. Pop. 412. (See New Bloomfield.) Bloomfield, p-v., Loudon county, Va., 135 n. Richmond, 54 W. Bloomfield, p-v.. Nelson county, Ky., 43 s. w. Frankfort, 5Li5 W. Bloomfield, p-t., Knox co., O., 46 n. n. e. Columbus, 391 W. Pop. 1,251. Bloomfield, t.. La Grange co., la. It has 3 saw m., 2 sch. 37 scholars. Pop. 307. Bloomfield, p-v., capital of Greene co., la., 74 s. w. Indianapolis, 641 W. Situated on the E. side of the w. branch of White river. It con- tains a court house, 2 churches, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist, a seminary, and 6 stores. Pop. 700. Bloomfield, p-v., Edgar co.. 111., 128 e. by s. Springfield, 662 W. Bloomfield, p-v., capital of Stoddard co.. Mo., 233 s. E. Jefferson city, 957 W. It contains a court house and several dwellings. Bloomfield, t., Oakland co., Mich. Drained by the n. brancli of Rouge r. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 3 grist m„ 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $58,180. 8 sch. 500 scholars. Pop. 1,508. Bloomfield, t., Trumbull co., O., 15 n. War- ren, 175 N. E. Columbus. Pop. 554. Bloomfield, t., Richland coimty, O., 15 s. E. Mansfield, 60 n. e. Columbus. Pop. 1,294. Bloomfield, t., Logan co., Ohio. Pop. 565. Bloomfield, t., Jackson co., O. Drained by branch of Racoon cr. It has 2 saw m., 1 sch. 15 scholars. Pop. 721. Bloomingburg, p-v., Mamakating t., Sullivan county, N. Y., 23 w. Newburgh, 100 s. w. by s. Albany, 285 W. Incorporated in 1833. It has 1 Dutch Reformed and 1 Associate Reibi-med church, 5 stores, 80 dwellings, and 500 inhabi- tants. It is surrounded by a fertile country, and is a pleasant village. Bloomingburg, p-v., Paint t., Fayette co., O., 45 s. s. w. Columbus, 246 W. Bloomi.ngd.vle, p-o., Jefferson co., O., 124 E. N. E. Columbus, 279 W. Bloomingdale, p-o., Dupage co., 111., 211 n. N. E. Springfield, 740 W. Blooming Grove, p-t., Orange county, N. Y., 94 s. Albany, 285 W. The post ofllce is in the village of Washingtonville. Tlie surface of the t. is undulating, hilly or mountainous. Scunne- munk mt., a part of the Highlands, occupies the s. E. part. Drained by Murderer's cr. The soil is clay and sandy loam, and very productive. It has 10 sch. 484 scholars. Pop. 2,396. Blooming Grove, p-o., Montgomery county, Tenn. Blooming Grove, p-o., Franklin co., la., 79 s, E. Indianapolis, 525 W. BLO Bloomington, p-v., capital of Monroe co., la., j 49 s. w. Indianapolis, 616 W. The village con- tains the county buildings, 5 churches — 1 Asso- ! ciate Reformed, 1 Presbyterian, 1 New School 1 Covenanters, 1 Methodist, and 1 Christian — the buildings of the Indiana University, a county female academy, 330 dwellings, and 1,550 inhabi- tants. The Indiana University was ibunded in 1827. It has a president and 4 professors, or other instructors, 50 students, and over 1,700 vols, in its libraries. Commencement, last Wednesday h\ September. BLOoariNGTON, p-v., McLean co.. 111., 73 n. n. E. Springfield, 744 W. It is beautifully situated on the margin of a fine prairie, has 12 stores, a handsome academy, 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist. The surrounding country is delightful. Bloomi.vgton, p-v., capital of Muscatine co., Iowa, 910 W. 320 above St. Louis. It is plea- santly situated on the w. bank of the Mississippi. Established in 1836. It has a courthouse which cost $13,000, a jail, 10 stores, 2 churches — 1 Pres- byterian and 1 Methodist — and several mechanic shops. Pop. about 600. Bloomington, p-v., capital of Macon co.. Mo., 106 N. JeflTerson city, 989 W. 6 e. Chariton river, and 2 w. of the e. fork of Chariton r. It has a court house and several dwellings. Bloomington, p-o.. Van Buren co., Ark., 110 N. Little Rock, 1,100 W. Bloomington, t, Buchanan co.. Mo. It has 1 school, 25 scliolars. Pop. 922. Blooming Valley, po., Crawford co.. Pa., 240 N. w. Harrisburg, 313 W. Bloomingville, p-v., Oxford t., Erie co., O., 121 N. by e. Columbus, 431 W. Bloomsburg, p-v., Columbia co., Pa., 87 n. by E. Harrisburg, 197 W. It is pleasantly situ- ated on the w. side of the E. or main brancli of Susquehanna r. Pop. 600. BLOoMsnuRGH, p-v., Halifax co., Va., 140 s. w. by w. Richmond, 227 W. BLOOMSBURy, p-v., W^arren co., N. J., 43 n. n. w. Trenton, 202 W. It is pleasantly situated on both sides of Musconetcong cr., and lies partly in Hunterdon co. It contains a cotton fac, 1 oil m., several grist m., and 50 dwellings. Bloomville, p-v., Delaware co., N. Y., 74 s. w. Albany, 344 W. It is on the w. branch of the Delaware r., and contains 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 25 dwellmgs, and 150 inhabitants. Bloomsville, p-o., Seneca co., O., 86 n. Co- lumbus, 412 W. Blossburg, p-v., Tioga county. Pa., 133 n. n. w. Harrisburg, 243 W. In its vicinity is the celebrated Blossburg coal mine, (bituminous.) A railroad coimects this place with Coming, N. Y., whence there is a continuous lake and canal navigation to Albany. Blount, county, Ala., in the middle of the n. part of the state, contains 1,650 sq. miles. Wa- tered by the head waters of the Black Warrior r. The surface is uneven, and the soil indif- ferent. Capital, Blountsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,045, sheep 2,040, swine 18,316 ; wheat 15,014 bushels produced, Ind. corn 249,6S1, oats 20,213, potatoes 6,824, tobacco 5,633 pounds, cotton 169,949 ; 11 stores, cap. 13,330; 5 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 8 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- factures $7,235. 8 sch. 154 scholars. Pop. 1830, 4,233 ; 1840, whites 5,225, slaves 344, free col'd 1 ; total, 5,570. Blount, county, Tenn., in the e. part of the stale, bordering on N. Carolina. It contains 900 6q. niiles. The surface is broken, but the soil is 69 BLU fertile. Capital, Marysville. There were in 1S40, neat cattle 11,053, sheep 11,063, swine 32,4o9 ; wheat 95,22.) bush, produced, Ind. com 540,3.i7, oats 131,165, potatoes 12,829, tobacco 10,059 pounds, cotton 27,23.), 9 stores, cap. $42,600 ; 2 forges, 1 cotton fac. 204 sp., 13 tan- neries, 13 distilleries, 14 flouring m., 14 grist m., 18 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $65,775. 1 college, 40 students, 1 acad. 25 students, 12 sch. 262 scholars. Pop. 1830, 11,028, 1840, whites 10,664, slaves 945, free col'd VSo; total, 11,745. Blount Springs, p-o., Blount co., Ala., 88 n. E. Tuscaloosa, 740 W. Blountsville, p-o., Jones co., Ga., 16 w Milledgeville, 661 W. Blountsville, p-v., capital of Blount co., Ala., 104 N. e. Tuscaloosa, 734 W. Situated on the w. side of the Locust Fork of Black Warrior r. It contains 1 Methodist church, 1 academy, 2 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. Blountsville, p-v., capital of Sullivan co., Tenn., 28-; e. by n. Nashville, 394 W. It con- tains a court house and several dwellings. Blountsville, p-v., Henry co., la., 72 E.by N. Indianapolis, 535 W. Blue B.vll, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa., 47 s. E. Harrisburg, 125 W. Blue Ball, p-o., Cecil co., Md., 81 N. e. An- napolis, 91 W. Blue Bell, p-o., Montgomery co.. Pa., 95 e. Harrisburg, 158 W. Blue Grass, p-o., Scott co., Iowa. Blue Hill, p-t., Hancock co.. Me., 75 e. Augusta, 12 e. by n. Casiine, 671 W. The v. is situated on a bay, from which, between Burnt- coat, Deer, and other islands and the main land, is a passage into the Penobscot bay. From a hill near the v. a beautiful view is presented of the surrounding country. It has 10 stores, cap. $13,050 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $29,956. 1 acad. 72 students, 17 sch. 731 scholars. Pop. 1,H91. Blue House, p-o., Colleton dist., S. C, 111 s. by E. Columbia, 600 W. Blue Island, p-o.. Cook co.. 111., 290 n. n. e. Springfield, 735 W. Blue IjIck, p-o., Clarke co., la., 112 s. by e. Indianapolis, 613 W. Blue Mountain, t., Izard co.. Ark. Pop. 301. Blue Ridge, or South Mountains, the eastern range of the Alleghany mountains, branching off from the main range in N. Carolina, crossing the state of Virginia, and extending to the Highlands on the Hudson r., N. Y. The peaks of Otter, the most elevatecl summits, are in Bedford co., Va., and the altitude of the eastern peak, mea- sured from its base, is nearly 4,000 feet, 30 ras. w. by N. Lynchburg. Blue Ridge, p-o., Botetourt co., Va. Blue River, t., Hancock co., la. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 731. Blue River, p-o., Iowa co.. Wis., 72 s. s. w. Madison, 904 W. Blue River, t., Harrison co., la. It has 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. 1,429. Blue Rock, p-t., Muskingum co., O., 65 k. Columbus, 346 W. It lies on both sides oi' Mus- kingum r. It has 10 or 12 salt fac. Pop. 1,083. Blue Spring, p-o., Stewart co., Tenn., 61 w. N. w. Nashville, 746 W. Blue Spring Grove, p-o.. Barren co., Ky., 110 s. s. w. Frankfort, 633 W. Blue Stone, p-o., Tazewell co., Va., 279 w. by s. Richmond, 325 W. Blue Sulphur Springs, p-o.. Green Brier CO., Va., 227 n. by w. Riclunond, 264 W. These BOI 70 BOL springs are much resorted to as a watering place. Thry are 22 ms. w. of the White Sulphur Springs, which are still more frequented. The buildings are of brick, pleasantly ranged round a square, and are sufficient to entertain very com- modiously 400 persons. It occupies a valley, and is surrounded on 3 sides by mountains, pre- senting wild and picturesque scenery. There is no village, and only 3 families reside here. There is 1 store, and a Presbyterian church. These springs are useful in those complaints to which sulphurous waters are applicable. Blue Wing, p-o., Granville co., N. C, 69 n. Raleigh, 246 W. Bluff, p-o., Mercer cc. 111., 142 n. n. w. Springfield, 872 W. Bluff Dale, p-o., Greene co.. 111., 73 s. w. Springfield 843 W. Bluff Grove, p-o., Grundy co., Mo. Bluff Port, p-o., Sumter co., Ala., 76 s. w. Tuscaloosa, 891 W. Bluff Spring, p-o., Talbot co., Ga., 104 E. s. E. Milledgeville, 726 W. Bluffton, p-v., capital of Wells co., la., 107 N. N. E. Indianapolis, 549 W. Blythe, t, Marion co., Ark. Pop. 275. Blythe, t., Caldwell co., Mo. Pop. 410. Blytiieville, p-o., Newton co.. Mo. BoALSBURG, p-v., Ferguson t.. Centre co.. Pa., 84 N. w. Harrisburg, 176 W. Situated on the main branch of Spring cr. It has 1 Lutheran chm-ch, 1 grist ra., 1 store, and 25 dwellings. BoARDMAN, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 170 n. e. Columbus, 287 W. Drained by Mill, Indian, and Yellow creeks. The sm-face is undulating, and the soil is good, and there is no waste laud in the t. It has 6 sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 929. BoDKNHAM, p-v., Giles co., Tenn., 82 s. by w. Nashville, 742 W. Boeuff, t., Franklin co., Mo. Pop. 1,652. BoKUFF, r.. Ark. and La., after a course of about 180 ms. joins the Washita, in lat. 31° 47' n. Boeuff, Bayou, or cr. of La., rises in Rapide par., s. w. of Ale.vandria, and separates inlo 2 channels, one of which connects with Red r., but divides, the w. branch forming the Bayou de Glaze, which enters the Atchafiilaya. The mam branch still further w. unites with the Crocodile r. to form the Courtableau r., which is a navigable stream to its entrance into the Atcha- falaya. Tiie land on its borders is very fertile. BoGGEss's Cro.ss Roads, p-o., Meigs co., Tenn., 158 Nashville, 550 W. BoGG&j t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Situated on the main ridge of the Alleghany. Soil, slate and gravelly limestone. Pop. 295. Bogle's, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 165 w. Ra- leigh, 403 W. BoGUE CiiiTO, r., a w. branch of Pearl r., rises in Miss., but runs chiefly in La., and after a course of 90 ms., joins Pearl r. about 25 ms. above its mouth. BoGUK Chitto, p-o., Dallas co., Ala., 89 s. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 872 W. Bohemia, a large creek in Maryland, wliich enters Elk r. 4 or 5 miles above its entrance into Chesapeake Bay. Boiling Spring, p-o., Fentress co., Tenn., 133 E. N. E. Nashville, 571 W. Bois Blanc, Lsland, Lake Huron, s. e. of Mackinaw, 10 ms. long and 3 broad in its widest part. The soil in the lower part is sandy, but the greater part is fertile. It has a light-house on its E. point. Bois d'Arc, t., Herastead co., Ark. It lias 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 sch. 22 scholars. Pop. 326. BoKEs Creek, t., Logan co., O. It has 1 sch. 21 scholars. Pop. 222. Coland's, p-o., Itawamba co., Miss. Bolen's Mills, p-o., Athens co., O., 83 s. E. Columbus, 353 W. BoLiGEE, p-o., Greene co., Ala., 52 s. s. w. Tus- caloosa, 870 W. BoLiNGTON, p-o., Loudon CO., Va., 163 n. Rich- mond, 44 W. Bolivar, county. Miss., lies in the w. part of the state, on the Mississippi r. It contains 1,700 sq. miles. Dramed by Sunflower r. Capital, Bolivar. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,414, sheep 173, swine 2,605 ; Ind. com 42,350 bush, produced, potatoes 5,015, cotton 274,155 pounds; 1 sch. 14 scholars. Pop. whites 384, slaves 971, free col'd 1 ; total, 1,356. Bolivar, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 15 e. An- gelica, 285 w. s. w. Albany, 312 W. Organized in 1825. The surface is elevated and midulating ; the soU, sandy loam. Drained by several small creeks. The v. has 1 store, and about 20 dwell- ings. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 giist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,850. 1 sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 408. Bolivar, p-o., Westmoreland co., Pa., 165 w. Harrisburg. 191 W. Situated on the s. side of Conemaugh r. It has 1 store, 1 forge, and 20 dwellings. Bolivar, p-v., Lawrence t., Tuscarawas co., O., 8 N. New Philadelphia, 118 n. e. Columbus, 321 W. It is situated on the Ohio canal, on the w. side of Tuscarawas r. Organized in 1826. Bolivar, p-v., Robeson co., N. C, 112 s. by w. Raleigh, 400 W. Bolivar, p-v., capital of Hardeman co., Tenn., 162 s. w. Nashville, 847 W. Situated on the s. side of Big Hatchee r., li mile distant from it. It contains a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist — 2 academies, and about 500 inhabitants. Bolivar, p-v., capital of Polk co., Mo., 132 s. w. Jefferson city, 1,068 W. It is situated 4 ms. Av. Pomme de Terre r. It contains a court house, jail, Methodist chiuch, and about 150 inhabitants. Bolivar, p-o., capital of Bolivar co.. Miss. Situated on the e. bank of the Missis.sippi r., with Lake Bolivar on the s. BoLivER,p-o., Poinsett co., Ark., 147 e. n. e. Little Rock, 902 W. Bolivia, t.. Gasconade co.. Mo. Pop. 779. Bolivia, t., Jefferson co.. Ark. It has 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Pop. 485. Bolster's Mills, p-o., Cumberland co., Me., 63 s. w. Augusta, 578 W. Bolton, p-t., Cliittenden co., Vt., 19 n. n. w. Montpelier, 15 e. s. e. Burlington, 521 W. Tliis t. is very mountainous and broken. It lies on the western range of the Green mountains ; and excepting along Onion r., which passes through it, much of it is incapable of cultivation. The arable soil is i'ertile. it has 4 saw m., 3 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 470. Bolton, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 33 w. Boston, 419 W. It lies between Concord and Nashua rivers. The surface is varied, and the soil fertile. It has 3 stores, cap. $12,500 ; 2 tan- neries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 9,700. 8 sch. 298 scholars. Pop. 1,186. Bolton, p-t., Tolland co., Ct. Incorporated in 1720. It lies on an elevated range of hills, and is drained by branches of Hop river. The soil is a gravelly loam, and is better suited for grazing than for tillage. It has 2 stores, cap. !it!4,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 distillery, 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,310. 5 sch. 220 scholars. Pop. 739. Bolton, p-t., Warren co., N. Y., 73 n. Albany, BOS 71 BOS 446 W. The surface is hilly and mountainous, and the soil moderately fertile, but heavily tim- bered. It has Lake George on the E. and several large ponds in the interior, and is drained by Schroon r., a branch of the Hudson r. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 powder m., 1 grist m., 13 saw m., 8 sch. 279 schol- ars. Pop. 937. Bolton Depot, p-c. Hinds co., Miss. BoLTONViLLE, p-o.. Orange co., Vt., 35 s. e. Montpelier, 527 W. Bombay, p-t., Franklin co., N. Y., 15 n. e. Malone, 232 n. Albany, 552 W. Surface gen- erally level. Drained "by Little Salmon and St Kegis rivers. It contains the reservation and settlement of the St. Regis Indians, on the St. Lawrence r. Near the p-o. is a settlement of whites, which has 1 church, 4 stores, and 20 or 30 dwellings. There are in the t., 6 stores, cap. $19,700; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tamieries, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,415. 9 sch. 344 scholars. Pop. 1,446. Bo.N'.vp.vRTE, p-o.. Van Burcn co., Iowa. Bo.\ Air SraiNGS, p-o., Wliite co., Teim., 88 E. s. E. Nashville, 592 W. Bond, coimty, Illinois, contains 360 sq. ms. Organized in 1817. Drained by Shoal or., a branch of Kaskaskia r. Capital, Greenville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,723, sheep 5,397, swine 15,998 ; wheat 25,722 bush, produced, rye 1,510, Ind. corn 209,130, oats 23,450, pota- toes 7,486, tobacco 3,665 poimds ; 10 stores, cap. $9,106 ; 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 10 grist ra., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $27,123. 12 sch. 324 scholars. Pop. 5,060. Bo.NDviLLE, p-o., Columbia co., Pa., 70 n. Harrisburg, 186 W. BoN.vE Fe.mme, t., Howard co., Mo. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 988. Bonne Hom.me, t., St. Genevieve co., Mo. Pop. 436. Bonne Homme, t., St. Louis co.. Mo., 1 acad. 40 students, 3 sch. 92 scholars. Pop. 2,516. BoNiXET C.\rre, p-o., capital of St. Jn. Bap- tist par.. La., 38 w. N. Orleans, 1,210 W. On a remarkable bend in the Mississippi, denomina- ted Bonnet Carre, (square bonnet.) Bono, p-o., Lawrence co., la., 89 s. by w. In- dianapolis, 620 W. BooKERsviLLE, D-o., WiLkes CO., Ga. Boone, county, Ky., in the extreme n. part of the state, has the Ohio r. on the n. and w., and contains about 300 sq. ms. The surface is une- ven, and the soil productive. Capital, Burlmg- ton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,843, sheep 15,619, swine 34,592 ; wheat 101,502 bu.sh. producedi, rye 7,977, Ind. corn 555,270, oats 59,423, potatoes 13,310, tobacco 1,43J,247 pounds ; 30 stores, cap. $153,845 ; 4 distilleries, 2 tamieries, 4 flouruig m., 19 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $112,120. 3 acad., 4 sch. 65 scholars. Pop. 1830,9,075; 1340, whites 7,321, slaves 2,183, free col'd 27 ; total, 10,034. Boone, county, la., in the central part of the state, contains 408 sq. ms. The sm-face is gener- ally level, containing woodland, interspersed with wet and dry prairies. The soil is excellent. Drained by branches of Sugar and Racoon creeks. Capital, Lebanon. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,3il, sheep 6,245, swine 20,1(J9; wheat 35,017 bush, produced, rye 1,256, Ind corn 247,752, oats 40,017, , potatoes 14,865, 360 tons hemp & flax, tobacco' 4,097 pounds, sugar 92,135 ; 12 stores, cap. $21,663 ; 5 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 9 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in nranu- fec. $23,405. 13 sch. 293 scholars. Pop. 8,121 Boone, county, 111., is situated in the n. part of the state, and contams 400 sq. ms. The sur- face is undulating, and con.sists of prairie and timber land. The soil is excellent. Drained by Kishwaukee r., and its branches. Capital, Bei- videre. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,684, sheep 5S9, swine 5,091 ; wheat 19,873 bush, pro- duced, Ind. corn 30,792, oats 23,318, potatoes 493,16, tobacco 1,143 pounds; 2 stores cap. $6,000; 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manul'ac. $13,150. 9 sch. 253 scholars. Pop. 1, 705. Boone, county. Mo., in the central part of the state, contains 690 sq. ms. Drained by Rock and Cedar crs. Capital, Columbia. Situated about 130 w. by N. St. Louis. There were in 1340, neat cattle 12,915, sheep 18,166, swine 37,900; wheat 44,411 bush, produced, rye 8,394, Ind. corn 506,672, oats 74,945, potatoes 19,514, 72 tons hemp &. flax, tobacco 1,714,663 pounds, sugar 54,442; 27 stores, cap. $325,820; 11 tan- neries, 20 distilleries, 46 grist m., 17 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 192,211. 1 college, 15 students, 3 acad. 114 stu- dents, 32 sch. 1,033 scholars. Pop. 1830, 8,859 ; 1340, whites 10,529, slaves 3,008, free col'd 21 ; total, 13,561. Boone, t., Warrick co., la., 4 sch. 120 schol- ars. Pop. 1,722. BooNE t., HaiTison co., la. It has 3 tamieries, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m., 2 sch. 58 schol- ars. Pop 2,058. BooNE, t., Franklin co.. Mo. It has 2 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 669. BooNESBORouGH, p-v., Waslungton co., Md., 91 s. s. w. Amiapolis, 51 W. It is situated on the w. base of S. mountain, and contains about 25 buildings. BooNEsuoROUGH, D-v. MadisoH co., Ky., 53 s. s. w. Frankfort, 534 W. It is situated on Ken- tucky r. BooNESBORo', p-o., Boone co.. Mo. Boone"s Creek, p-o., Washington co., Tenn. Boone's Hill, p-o., Lincoln co., Tenn. Boone Lick, t., Howard co. Pop. 1,005. Boo.ne's Mills, p-o., Franklin co., Va., 175 s. w. by w. Richmond, 250 W. Booneville, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 28 N. Utica, 114 w. N. AV. Albany, 419 W. The sur- face is liilly, and the soil clay loam on lime. Drained by Black r. and the head waters of the Mohawk. The v. is situated on the Black river canal, 31 N. Utica. Mill cr., which enters into Black r., affords water power. It has 2 churches, 5 stores, 1 grist ni., 1 saw m., 1 tamiery, 1 clo- thier's works, 80 dwellings, and about 600 inhabi- tants. Pop. of the t. 5,516. Booneville, p-v., capital Scott co., Ark., 120 w. by N. Little Rock, 1,185 W. Booneville, p-v., capital of Warrick co., la^ 173 s. s. w. Indianapolis, 707 W. Situated be- tv^een Pigeon and C^ypress crs. It has I sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 240. Booneville, city p-v., and capital of Cooper CO., 3Io., 50 n. w. Jefl'erson city, 964 W. Situ- ated on the s. bank of Missouri r. Its foundation is limestone rock. It has a handsome court house and clerk's office, a Methodist cliurch, 15 stores, 2 rope walks, and various mechanic shops It has considerable trade, and exports cattle and provisions. There are in the t. 2 acad. 108 stu- dents, 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 2,581. BooNHiLL, p-o., Johnson co., N. C, 37 s. e. Raleigh, 295 W. BooNSBORo', p-o.. Ogle co., 111^ 182 n. Spring- field, 842 W, BoOTHBAY, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 40 s. by e. Augusta, 601 W. It lies between the Sheepscot and Damariscotta rivers, wiiich may here be re- BOS 72 BOS garded as arms of the sea, having the ocean on the s. It has an excellent harbor. There are 18 stores, cap. $15,250 ; 457 persons employed in the fisheries, cap. $79,015 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,055. 9 sch. 1,111 scholars. Pop. 2,631. BooTHSviLLE, p-o., Harrison co., Va., 270 n. vv. Richmond, 218 W. BooTON, p-o., Genesee co., Mich., 67 n. n. w. Detroit, 589 W. Booton's Tan Yard, p-o., Madison co., Va., 92 N. w. Richmond, 104 W. Bordeaux, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. C, 105 n. by w. Columbia, 553 W. Bordeau.\, p-o., Avoyelles par., La. BoiiDE.N'TOWN, p-b., Chesterfield t., Burlington en., N. J., 7 s. E. Trenton, 168 W. Situated on the E. bank of the Delaware r., built on a plain 65 feet above the surface of the r., and has 3 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Friends — 5 stores, 200 dwellings, and about 1,800 inhabi- tants. The Camden and Amboy railroad passes through the place, by a viaduct beneath its prin- cipal streets. Incorporated in 1825. It is a very neat and healthy place. Joseph Bonaparte, (Count de Surveilliers,) chose it as the place of his residence while in the United States, and erected a splendid mansion, surrounded by ex- tensive and highly ornamented groimds. This place is a favorite resort of the people of Philadel- phia in the summer season. The outlet of the Delaware and Raritan canal is in front of the v. Borden Spring, p-o., Lowndes co., Miss., 158 N. E. Jackson, 873 W. Bordley, p-v.. Union co., Ky., 224 s. of w. Frankfort, 765 W. Borgne, lake or bay, connects with the Gulf of Mexico by Pascagoula sound, and on the N. w. with Lake Pontchartrain by two passes. It is about 40 ms. long and 15 broad. Borodino, p-o., Spaffbrd t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 150 w. by N. Albany, 339 W. Borodino, p-o., Wayne co., Mich., 29 s. De- troit, 533 W. Boscawen, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 9 n. w. Concord, 490 W. It is situated on the w. side of Blerrimac r. Blackwater r. passes tlirough the t., and affords fine mill seats. The surface is gen- erally level, and the soil very fertile. Incorpo- rated 1760. It has 5 stores, cap. $12,300 ; 1 full- ing m., 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,350. 16 sch. 514 scholars. Pop. 1,965. Bostwick's Mill.s, p-o., Richmond co., N. C, 122 s. w. by w. Raleigh, 396 W. Boston, city, the capital of Massachusetts, in Suffolk county, is principally situated on a peninsula, 3 miles long and 1 broad, at the we.st- ern extremity of Massachusetts Bay. It lies in 42° 21' 23" n. lat. and 71° 4' 9" w. Ion. from Greenviich, and 5° 58' e. Ion. from Wasliington. It is 115 s. s. w. from Portland, Me. ; 63 s. s. e. Concord, N. H. ; 158 e. by s. Albany ; 40 n. n. E. Providence, R. I. ; 97 e. n. e. Hartford, Ct. ; 207 N. E. by e. New York ; 440 n. e. from W. The population in 1790 was 18,038; in 1800, 24,937 ; in 1810, 33,250 ; in 1820, 43,293 ; in 1830, 61,391; in 1840, 93,383. Employed in commerce 2,040 ; in manufactures and trades, 5,333 ; in navigating the ocean, 10,813 ; do. canals and rivers, 19 ; learned professions and engineers, 586. Boston consists of three parts, Old Boston, on the peninsula; South Boston, formerly a part of Dorchester, but united to Boston in 1804 ; and East Boston, formerly Noddle's Island. The only original communication of the peninsula with the main land was denominated the " Neck," a little over a mile in lengih, which connected it with Roxbury. By the fortification of tliis neck, at the commencement of the revolutionary war, the Britisli were able to control the intercourse between Boston and the surrounding country. But by a number of bridges a communication is now opened in various directions. Charles River bridge, 1 ,5' 13 feet long, connects Boston to Charles- towii ; We.«t Boslou bridge, 2,758 feet, with a causeway 3,432 feet, leads to Cambridge ; South Boston bridge, 1,530 feet, leads from the " Neck" to S. Boston ; Canal Bridge, 2,796 feet, leads to E. Cambridge, from the middle of which an arm extends to States Prison Point, in Charlestown ; Boston Free Bridge, 1,828 lieet, connects Boston with S. Boston ; Warren Bridge, 1,3.>0 feet, leads to Charlestown. Besides these, the Western Av- enue, a mile and a half long, leads to Brooklyn, and constitutes a tide-dam, enclosing a pond of 600 acres, which, by a partition, makes an ave- nue from the main dam to Roxbury, and forms a full and receiving basin ; so that the flowing of the tide creates a great water power, at all times available. The peninsula of Boston had originally an un- even surface ; and the necessity of the case, and the good taste of the inhabitants, have exten- sively prevented the attempt to level these ine- qualities of surface ; and from various points of view, the city presents a picturesque appearance. The streets, however, were originally laid out upon no systematic plan ; and accommodated to the convenience of the ground, they are often crooked and narrow ; though modern improve- ments have greatly remedied these inconve- niences. The Common, originally a town cow- pasture, has escaped a private appropriation, and is one of the finest public grounds in any city of the United States. The numerous eminences, rising from 50 to 1 10 feet above the level of the sea, furnish many admirable sites for buildings. Some of the public buildings are commanding, but are exceeded by some in other principal cities ; but many of the private residences arc imsurpassed in elegance and taste by those of any other city of the Union. South Boston extends about 2 miles along the .s. side of the harbor. It contains about 600 acres, regularly laid out into streets and squares, with a diversified surface. About in the centre of this tract are the "Dorchester Heights," 130 feet high, famous in the Revolutionary war, as the site of a fortification which compelled the British to abandon the harbor. East Boston is on an island, containing about 660 acres of land, and a large body of flats. Its connection with Old Boston is by a steam ferry, which starts every five minutes from each side. It is connected to Chelsea on the main land by a bridge of 600 feet ; and the Eastern railroad commences here. This portion of the city has wholly grown up since 1833. The surface is agreeably diversified. A wharf 1,000 feet long is devoted to the use of the Liverpool steamships. These several parts of Boston, with the town of Chelsea, constitute the county of Suffolk. The harbor of Boston is one of the best in the United States, being spacious, safe, and easily and well defended. The whole i)assage to it is not more than four miles in width, with several islands obstructing it, so that the main entrance will scarcely admit two vessels to pass abreast ; while witliin, 500 vessels may ride at anchor, with a good depth of water. Tlie outer harbor has about 40 small islands, about 15 of which afford excellent pasture. The wharves of Boston are extensive and con- BOS 73 BOS venient, and some of them are very long. Long wharf, at the termination of State-street, is 1,650 feet long ; and Central wharf is 1,240 feet. Among the public buildings, the State House is the principal. It was built in 1798, and has a fine location on Beacon Hill, 110 feet above the level of the sea, and fronting the spacious com- mon. It is 173 feet long and 61 wide, built of brick, but painted to imitate stone ; and has a fine dome 52 feet in diameter, and a cupola 230 feet above the level of the harbor, from wnich the view is probably the finest in the United States, and scarcely surpassed in the world. From this grand elevation, the spectator looks dowii upon the city as upon a map ; before liim stretches the extensive harbor and bay on the e., sprinkled over with islands ; and in other directions, nu- merous beautiful villages, and a highly cultivated country, with many elegant country seats, are visible. Faneuil Hall Market is built of granite, 536 feet long, 50 feet wide, and two stories high ; and is the most elegant market-house in the U. States. Faneuil Hall is in Dock Square, 100 feet long by 80 feet wide, 3 stories liigh, and is cele- brated as the spot where the revolutionary ora- tors roused the people to resist British oppression. The hall is 76 feet square, with deep galleries on three sides. The City Hall or Old State House, is another venerable building of revolutionary memory, and is used for public offices. The Massachusetts Hospital, in the western part of the city, is a beautiful granite building, 168 feet long and 54 feet wide, with an open ground of 4 acres around it, on the bank of Charles river. The Custom House, near the head of Central wharf, is a splendid granite Ijuilding of Grecian archi- tecture. The houses of Industry, Correction, and Reformation, are valuable establishments, situated in South Boston. Trinity church, and St. Paul's church, are considered fine specimens of architecture ; and Park-street church has a lofty and beautiful steeple. The Tremont House is one of the finest hotels in the United States. Among the public places, the Common is by far the most distinguished. It occupies the southern declivity of Beacon Hill, and contains nearly 50 acres of ground, surrounded by a wall, shaded by trees. The whole is enclosed by an iron fence about 1 mile m length, on the outside of wliich is a broad street. A Botanical Garden of 25 acres is on the western side of the Common. Boston, in pomt of commerce, is the second place in the Union. Her wealth and enterprise have long been actively employed in foreign commerce, to which her fine harbor has mate- rially contributed. Several large steamships form an important packet line between this city and Great Britain, .stopping at Halifax. Tliis line has generally performed its trips in the short space of 12^ days. Lines of packets exist to every port of importance throughout the U. States, making about fifty in the whole. And by means of the Middlesex canal, which extends to the Merrimac, it has a boatable communica- tion to Concord, N. H ; and recently a railroad commimication has been completed to Albany, which will enable it to share in the vast trade of the west. The capitalists of Boston are large proprietors in the manufacturing establisluuenis at Waltham and at Lowell. The tonage of Boston m 1840 was 220,243 tons. The imports are about S16,(KKt,000; and the ex- ports about $10,000,000. There were m 1840, 142 commercial houses and 89 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $11,676,000; 572 retail stores, with a capital of $4,184,220; 31 lumber yards, with a capital of 10 $371,010; cap. in fisheries $25,000; machinery manufactured to the amount of $135,900; pre- cious metals $26,650 ; various metals $284,400 ; 6 furnaces, cap. $130,000; 17 distilleries and 2 breweries, with a cap. of $820,000 ; paints, drugs, &c., cap. $20,000 ; 3 glass fiac, cap. $37,000 ; 2 sugar refineries, 3 rope walks, cap. $101,500; 1 grist m., cap. $50,000; furniture to the amount of $329,000. There were built 217 brick and stone, and 148 wooden houses, to the value of $1,061,100; 24 printing offices, 28 bmderies, 7 daily, 11 weekly, and 7 semi- weekly newspapers, and 7 periodicals, employed 437 persons, with a cap. of $236,450. Total amount of cap. in raan- ufac. $2,770,250. There were 15 acad., or gram, sch., with 2,629 students, 137 com. and primary sell, with 14,003 scholars. The are 25 banks, with an aggregate capital of $17,300,000, and 28 insurance companies, with a capital of $6,600,000. Boston has long been celebrated for the excel- lence of its schools. About a quarter part of the inhabitants are kept at school throughout the year, at an expense of $200,000. In addition to numerous private schools, the public free schools are a Latin grammar school ; a high school, in which the mathematics and higher branches of learnmg are taught; 10 grammar and writing schools ; 75 primary schools, and one African school. The Medical Branch of Harvard University has its seat in Boston, where its professors re- side. It was founded hi 1782, has 6 professors and 88 students, and a library of over 5,000 vol- umes. There is a highly respectable institution for the blind, which has a handsome edifice. The Boston Athenaeum has two large buildings, one containing a library of about 30,000 volumes, the other a picture gallery, and a hall for public lec- tures, and other rooms for scientific purposes. Tills city has about 100 literary, religious, and charitable societies. Among tlie literary socie- ties of a high order are the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, which has published four volumes of transactions ; the Massachusetts His- torical Society, which has published 22 volumes of collections ; and the Boston Natural History Society, which has a fme cabinet. Among the religious and charitable societies, are the Ameri- can Board of Coiimiissioners for Foreign Mis- sions, which has an agency, and holds its amii- versaries in the city of New York ; the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions ; the American Edu- cation Society ; the American Unitarian Asso- ciation ; the American Peace Society ; the Sea- men's Friend Society ; the Massachusetts Bible Society ; the Prison Discipline Society ; and various others. There are (1842) 39 newspapers published in Boston, 8 of which are daily. Besides these, there is a number of Magazines and Reviews, the most important of wliicli is the North Ameri- can Review, which has long had a liigh reputa- tion, not only in the United States, but in Europe. There are 75 churches, of which 15 are Unita- rians, 12 Congregationalists ; 8 EpiscopaUans ; 1 1 Baptists ; 9 Methodists ; 4 Universalists ; 4 Roman Catholics ; 3 Freewill Baptists ; 2 Afri- can, one of which is Baptist, and tJie other Meth- odist. There are also some New Jerusalem, German Protestants, and Friends, and a few others. There are two theatres in Boston, the Tremont and the National Theatre. This city contmued a town, and was governed by a body of select men, according to the com- mon custom of the towns of New England, until BOT 74 BOW 1821. Before this, the people could not be brought to consent to adopt a city government. But the vote was at length carried, and the city has since been governed by a mayor, 8 alder- men, and a common council of 48 members. Be- sides these, each ward has 1 warden, 1 over.seer of the poor, 1 clerk, 5 inspectors, and 2 school committee men. Boston was foimded in August, 1630. Tlie first church was built in 1632. The American revolution had its commencement in Boston. The British army in 1773, to the munber of 10,000, had possession of the place. From this place the troops went out to open the war at Lex- ington, and to engage m the hard-fought battle of Bimker Hill. They were compelled at length, by the American troops, entrenched on Dorclies- ter Heights, to withdraw from the town and har- bor, in March, 1776, whence they proceeded to New York. No portion of the United States engaged more actively in the cause of American freedom than the inhabitants of Boston, or contributed more largely towards its accomplishment. John Han- cock, who was first president of the American Congress, and first set his bold hand to the Declaration of Independence, was a citizen of Boston ; as were also several other of the leaders of the revolution. It has, ahso, the honor of be- ing the birth-place of Benjamin Franldin, who was born here Jan. 17th, 1706. Boston, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 18 s. w. Buflfalo, 299 w. Albany, 362 W. The surface is undula- ting, and the soil clay and gravelly loam. Drain- ed by Cauquaga er. The v. is situated on Cau- quaga cr., and has 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, 2 stores, 2 gi-ist m., 2 saw m., 1 carding machine and clothier's works. Pop. of the v. 500, of the t. 1,745. Boston, p-o., Culpepper co., Va. Boston, p-t., Summit co., O., 139 n. e. Co- lumbus, 343 W. Situated on the Ohio canal, 24 s. of Cleveland, by the course of the canal. The Cuyahoga r. passes through it, and affords mill seats. I'he soil is fertile, covered chiefly with a heavy growth of white oak. At the p-o. of the same name is a village, with 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 store, and 15 or 20 houses. At the centre of the town is another v., called Boston Centre or Peninsula, where are 1 Episcopal church, 2 stores, 2 saw m., 1 flouring m., and about 25 dwellings. The Presbyterians and Methodists have here places of worship. The Ohio canal here crosses the Cuyahoga r. in an aqueduct. There are in the t. 5 sch. 165 schol- ars. Pop. 815. Boston, p-t., Ionia co., Mich., 146 n. w. De- troit, 621 W. Situated on Grand r. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. Pop. 85. Boston, p-t., Nelson co., Ky., 66 s. w. Frank- fort, 608 W. Boston, p-o., Marengo co., Ala., 70 s. by. w. Tuscaloosa, 882 W. Boston Corner, p-o., Berkshire co., Mass., 160 w. Boston, 338 W. Boston, t., Franklin co.. Ark. Pop. 224. Bost's Mills, p-o., Cabarras co., N. C, 153 w. s. w. Raleigh, 392 VV. Botetourt, county, Va., s. of the middle of the state, w. of the Blue Ridge, contains 1,000 sq. ms. The surface is elevated, and in some parts mountainous. Drained by tributaries of James r. Capital, Fincastle. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,231, sheep 13,254, swine 20,458 ; wheat 197,282 bush, produced, rye 21,971, Ind. corn 298,707, buckwheat 2,921, oats 185,016, potatoes 18,544, tobacco 707,885 pounds ; 21 stores, cap. $151,900 ; 2 furnaces, 9 tanneries, 7 distille- ries, 10 flouring m., 26 grist m., 33 saw m., 3 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $22,650. Pop. 1830, 16,3M; 1840, whites 8,357, slaves 2,925, free col'd 377; total, 11,679. Botetourt Springs, p-v., Roanoke co., Va., 186 w. by s. Richmond, 238 W. Bottle Hill, v., Chatham t., Morris co., N. J., 57 N. by E. Trenton, 223 W. It has 3 stores, 1 Presbyterian church, an academy, and 40 dwellings . BoucHE Saline, p-o.. Cole 00^ Mo., 48 w. Jefferson city, 984 W. BoucKviLLE, p-o., Madison t., Madison co., N. Y., 97 w. Albany, 363 W. Bourbon, county, Ky., toward the n. E.part of the state, contains 225 sq. ms. Drained by the S. Fork of Licking r. The soil is very fertile. Cap- ital, Paris. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,748, sheep 23,719, swine 43,148 ; wheat 90,099 bushels produced, rye 121,817, Ind. com 1,256,436, oats 157,822, potatoes 15,485, tobacco 4,361 pounds, sugar 37,159; 34 stores, cap. $338,550; 1 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,320 sp., 13 distilleries, 6 rope fac^ 1 flouring m., 8 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $112,120. 6 acad. 201 students, 26 sch. 709 scholars. Pop. 1830, 18,436 ; 1840, whites 7,845, slaves 6,325, free col'd 308 ; total, 14,478. Bound Brook, p-v., Bridgewater t., Somerset CO., N. J., 33 N. by e. Trenton, 200 W. It has 1 Presbyterian church, an academy, 4 stores, 1 grist m., and about 50 dwellings. The Delaware and Raritan canal passes near the village. Bounty Land, p-o., Pickens district, S. C. BouRuoN, t., Calloway co., Mo. It has 3 sch. 65 scholars. Pop. 1,100. Bourneville, p-v.. Twin t., Ross co., O., 63 s. Columbus, 413 W. BouRNSBURGH, p-v., Randolph co.. Mo., 75 n. by w. Jefferson city, 964 W. BovEY, t., St. Genevieve co., Mo. 1 acad. 20 students, 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 462. BoviNA, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 10 e. Delbi, 76 s. s. w. Albany, 350 W. The surface is hilly, and the soil well adapted to grazing. Drained by Little Delaware r. It has 4 stores, cap. $10,800; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,250. 13 sch. 478 scholars. Pop. 1,403. BoviNA, p-o. Warren co., Miss., 34 w. Jackson, 1,044 W. BoviNA Centre, p-o., Bovina t., Delaware co., N. Y., 76 s. s. w. Albany, 350 W. Bow, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 7 s. Concord, 477 W. It lies w. of Merrimac r. The soil is uneven and hard, but fertile with good cultiva- tion. Drained by Turkey r., which here enters the Merrimac. Bow canal along Bow falls, in the Merrimac, is J of a mile long, with 4 locks, which overcome a fall of 25 feet, finished in 1812, and cost $25,000. There are in the t., 1 store, cap. $500 ; 1 giist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $7,600. 12 sch. 262 scholars. Pop. 1,001. BowDOiN, p-t, Lincoln co.. Me., 17 w. Wis- casset, 18 s. s. w. Augusta, 577 W. Incorporated 1788. It has 3 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $4,165. 18 sch. 849 scholars. Pop. 2,073. BowDOiNHAM, p-t., Lincoln co., Me., 21 s. by w. Augusta, 12 N. Bath, 579 W. It lies on the w. side of Kennebec r. It carries on the lumber trade and ship building to a considerable extent. Incorjjorated in 1762. It has several com. houses, cap. $61,476; 14 ret. stores, cap. $52,000; 1 grist BOY 75 BRA m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manui'ac. $57,975. 18 sch. 976 scholars. Pop. 2,402. BowEN, t., Madison co.. Ark. Pop. 453. Bowers, p-o., Southampton co., Va., 78 s. by E. Richmond, 197 W. Bowers Store, p-o., Ashe co., N. C. BowERSviLLE, p-v., Franklin co., Ga., 124 n. Milledgeville, 595 W. Bowers, p-o., Fluvanna co., Va. Bowles, t., Franklin co., Mo. It has 5 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 1,449. Bowling Green, p-o.. Plain t., Wood co., O., 115 N. N. w. Columbus, 469 W. Bowling Green, p-v., capital of Caroline co., Va., 40 n. Richmond, 80 W. It is built roimd a beautiful green, ornamented with trees and shrub- bery. It has a neat court house, and other county buildings, 1 Episcopal and 1 Reformed Baptist church, about 40 dwellings, and 250 inhabitants. Bowling Green, p-v., capital of Warren co.. Ivy., 144 s. w. Frankfort, 668 W. Situated on Big Barren r., a branch of Green r., at the head of slack-water navigation, accessible by steam- boats of 200 tons, throughout the year. It is 180 ms. from the Ohio, by the course of the r. It has a large brick covirt house, a college, a female sem- inary, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist — 12 or 14 stores, and many mechanic shops. It has considerable trade, and the princi- pal article of export is tobacco. Pop. 1,400. Bowling Green, t.. Licking co., O. It has 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 1,464. Bowling Green, p-v., capital of Clay co., la., 60 s. by w. Indianapolis, 631 W. It is situated on Eel r., a branch of White r. It has a court house, several stores and dwellings. In the t. there are 7 stores, cap. $29,750 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 9,755. 1 acad. 45 students, 2 sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 235. Bowling Green, t., Pettis co.. Mo. Pop. 410. Bowling Green, p-o., Fayette co., 111., 80 s. s. e. Springfield, 742 W. Bowling Green, p-v., Oglethorpe co., Ga., 63 N. n. e. Milledgeville, 596 W. Bowling Green, t., Marion co., O., on the s. side of Scioto r. It contains 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 324. Bowling Green, p-o., Pike co., Mo., 76 n. e. Jefferson city, 880 W. Bowman's Creek, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa., 139 N. N. e. Harrisburg, 248 W. Bowm.4.n's Mills, p-o., Rockingham co., Va., 144 N. w. Richmond, 127 W. Bowmansville, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa. BowsHERSviLLE, p-0., Crawford co., O., 61 n. Columbus, 424 W. Bo.YBORouGii, p-t., Middlesex co., Ms., 28 n. w. by w. Boston, 476 W. Incorporated, 1783. Sit- uated between Concord and Nashua rivers. It has some manufactm'es of shoes, palm-leaf hats, and straw bonnets. Hops are extensively culti- vated. It contains 1 Congregational church. BoxFORD, p-t., Essex co., Ms., 29 n. by e. Bos- ton, 13 s. w. Newburyport, 469 W. The surface is uneven, and the soil indifferent, but well cul- tivated. It has 1 Congregationalist and 1 Unita- rian church. It has 3 stores, cap. ,$1,600 ; 1 cot- ton fac. 488 sp., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,800. 6 sch. 205 scholars. Pop. 942. BoxLEY, p-o., Hamilton co., la., 40 n. by e. In- dianapolis, 578 W. BoxviLLE, p-v., Montgomery co., Ga., 129 s. s. E. Milledgeville, 740 W. Boyd's, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 150 n. K. Co- lumbus, 294 W. Boyd's, p-o., Henry co., la. Boyd's Creek, p-n., Sevier co., Tenn., 225 e. by s. Nashville, 50^ W. Boyd's Store, p-o., Polk co.. Mo., 145 s. w. Jefferson city, 1,081 W. Boyd's Tavern, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 74 w. N. w. Richmond, 123 W. BoYDSTowN, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 101 n. e. Augusta, 696 W. BoYDsviLLE, p-o., Weakly co., Tenn., 118 w. by N. Nashville, 804 W. BoYDTON, p-v., capital of Mecklenbm-g co^ Va., 109 s. s. w. Richmond, 222 W. It contains a court house and other co. buildings, 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist — 4 stores, vari- ous mechanic shops, and 80 or 90 dwellings. Ran- dolph Macon College, chiefly imder the direction of the Methodists, is situated 1 m. w. It was founded in 1832, has a president, and 5 professors or other instructors, and 98 students. The com- mencement is on the 3d Wednesday in June. BoYERSTOWN, p-o., Berks co.. Pa., 69 e. by n. Harrisburg, 162 W. Boykin's Depot, p-o., Southampton co., Va., 84 s. by E. Richmond, 203 W. Boyle, county, Ky. Taken principally from Mercer co. m 1842. Situated in the central part of the stale, and contains 175 sq. ms. Drained by head branches of Salt r., and by branches of Dick's r. The soil is very fertile. Capital, Danville. BoYLSTON, p-t., Worcester co., Ms., 39 w. Bos- ton, 408 W. Watered by Nashua r. Incorpora- ted, 1786. It has some manufactures, and 5 sch. 264 scholars. Pop. 797. BoYLSTON, t., Oswego CO., N. Y., 140 n. w. Albany. The surface is hilly and rough ; soil, fertile gravelly loam. Drained by Little Sandy and Trout crs. It has 1 saw m., 6 sch. 150 scho- lars. Pop. 481. Boyle's Store, p-o., Stokes co., N. C, 142 w. N. w. Raleigh, 313 W. BozRAH, p-t.. New London co., Ct., 33 e. s. e. Hartford, 359 W. Watered by Yantic r., which affords water power. The soil is a fertile gravel- ly loam. In July, 1799, a terrible hail storm pass- ed over it, destroying the crops, and demolishing the glass in houses. Some of the stones measur- ed 6 inches in circumference. It has 2 flourish- ing manufacturuig villages. It contains 1 Con- gregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist church, and has 4 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 2 cotton fac. 5,484 sp., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $81,700. 6 schools, 288 scholars. Pop. 1,067. BozRAHViLLE, p-v., Bozrah t., New London CO., Ct., 31 E. s. E. Hartford, 355 W. Braceville, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 164 n. e. Columbus, 310 W. It is a good grazing towTi, and has some fine dairies. Brackabeen, p-v., Fulton t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 45 w. Albany, 381 W. It has 1 Dutch Re- fonued church, 3 stores, 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery, and I'Z or 15 dwellmgs. Bracken, county, Ky., in the n. e. part of the state, on the Ohio r., contains 220 sq. ms. Drain- ed on the s. by the n. branch of Licking r. The surface is broken, but the soil productive. Cap- ital, Augusta. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,953, sheep 7,963, swine 13,865; wheat 183,569 bush, produced, rye 8,531, Ind. com 282,018, bar- ley 1,335, oats 76,425, potatoes 6,121, tobacco 343,485 pounds, sugar 4,466 ; 13 stores, capital $86,200; 1 lumber yard, cap. $1,200; 1 woollen fac., 4 taiuieries, 3 distilleries, 4 flouring mills, 7 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,390. 1 college, 104 students, 1 acad. 103 students, 9 sch. 233 scholars. Pop. 1830, 6,518; 1840, wliilea 16,083, slaves 819, free coi'd 151 ; total, 7,053. BRA Bradford, t., Steuben co., N. Y., 204 w. s. \v. Albany. Surface uneven, soil good. It has 3 stores, cap. $11,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,875. 9 sch. 396 scholars. Pop. 1,547. Bradford, p-t., Penobscot co., Me., 94 n. e. Augusta, 689 W. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,100. 7 sch. 396 scholars. Pop. 1,000. Bradford, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 25 w. Concord, 472 W. Situated about midway be- tween Merrimac and Connecticut rs. It contains several large ponds. Incorporated in 1787. It has 6 stores, cap. $17,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,550. 1 acad. 52 students, 9 sch. 386 scholars. Pop. 1,331. Bradford, p-t.. Orange co., Vt., 32 s. e. Mont- pelier, 512 W. It lies on Connecticut r. There is a small manufacturing v. on Waits r. half u mile from its mouth, where there are a number of neat houses and various mills. The first globes ever manufactured in the United States, were made here. It has 5 stores, cap. $21,000 ; 2 full- ing m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $47,200. 1 acad. 158 students, 10 sch. 447 scholars. Pop. 1,655. Bradford, p-t., Essex co., Ms., 35 n. Boston, 466 W. It lies on Merrimac r. The surface is uneven, but the soil is good. Johnson's creek affords water power. A bridge across the Mer- rimac, 650 feet long, cormects this place with Haverliill. It has various manufactures, chiefly of boots and shoes. It has 3 churches — 2 Congre- gational and 1 free; 12 stores, cap. $13,500; 4 tanneries, 2 gi-ist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $76,000 ; $65,700 of wliich is in leather manufac- tured. 4 academies, 216 students, 10 sch. 1,105 scholars. Pop. 2,222. Bradford, p-o., Washington t., Scioto co., O., 92 s. Columbus, 426 W. Bradford, county. Pa., in the n. e. part of the state, contains 1,200 square ms. The n. branch of Susquehanna river passes through it, and re- ceives in the n. part the Cliemung r. It has also Towanda and Sugar creeks, llie surface is, to a considerable extent, mountainous, though there is much good land, particularly in the vi- cinity of the Susquehanna. Bituminous coal is found on Towanda cr. Tlie capital is Towanda. There were in 1840, neat cattle 31,099, sheep 68,767, swine 23,283; wheat 154,266 bush, pro- duced, rye 45,738, Ind. corn 140,632, buckwheat 77,863, oats 220,993, potatoes 303,412 ; 91 stores, cap. $328,874 ; 2 furnaces, 15 fulling m., 7 wool- len fac, 18 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 43 grist mills, 213 saw m., 1 oil m., 4 printing offices, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. m manufac. .$331,990. 3 acad. 179 students, 190 sch. 7,948 scholars. Pop. 1830, 19,669 ; 1840, 32,769. Bradford, t., McKean co.. Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $300 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,800. 4 schools, 78 scholars. Pop. 375. Bradford, t., Lincoln co.. Mo. It has 1 acad. 72 students. Pop. 1,319. Bradford Springs, p-o., Sumter district, S. C, 48 E. Columbia, 488 W. Bradforuville, p-v., Marion county, Ky., 68 Frankfort, 590 W. Bradley, county, Tenn., in the s. e. part of the state. Drained by Hiawassie r. and branch- es. Surface mountainous, fertile land on the margins of streams. Capital, Cleveland. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,426, sheep 3,417, swine 19,136 ; wheat 16,854 bushels produced, rye 908, Indian corn 420,968, oats 48,480, potatoes 10,450, ^re BRA tobacco 13,335 pounds, cotton 21,669, sugar2,481 ; 15 stores, cap. $57,900; 5 tanneries, 6 distille- ries, 11 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11, 225. 2 academies, 80 students, 11 schools, 172 scholars. Pop. whites 6,971, slaves 401, free col'd 13; total, 7,335. Bradley, t., Penobscot co., Me. It has 20 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $157,000. 125 schol- ars in sch. Pop. 395. Bradleyvale, t., Caledonia co., Vt. It has 1 sch. 18 scholars. Pop. 50. Bradlevville, p-o., Sumter dist., S. C, 77 e. Columbia, 513 W. Bradshaw, p-o., Giles county, Tenn., 84 s. w. Nashville, 744 W. Brady, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 692. Brady, t., Williams co., O., on Tiffins r. It has 2 stores, cap. $800 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 351. Brady, p-t., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 146 w. De- troit, 608 W. Drained by Portage r. It has 4 stores, cap. $29,000 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,300. 4 sch. 159 scholars. Pop. 1,175. Bradyville, p-v.. Cannon county, Tenn., 56 s. E. Nashville, 661 W. Braggs, p-o., Lowndes co., Ala., 120 Tusca- loosa, 877 W. Brainard's Bridge, p-v., Nassau t., Rensse- laer CO. N. Y., 16 N. E. Albany, 369 W. It con- tains 1 Methodist church, 1 store, 1 cotton fac, and 40 dwellings. Pop. 200. Braintree, p-t.. Orange co., Vt., 23 s. Mont- pelier, 494 W. Watered by branches of White r. It is a good grazing t. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,400. 12 sch. 460 scholars. Pop. 1,232. Braintree, p-t., Norfolk co., Ms., 14 s. Boston, 442 W. The surface is diversified, and the soil a fertile gravelly loam. It has considerable man- ufactures, and some shipping employed in the coasting trade and the fisheries. Mantiquot riv- er aflfords water power. A fine granite is obtain- ed here. First settled in 1625, incorporated in 1640. It has 1 Congregational and 1 Unitarian church. The elder President Adams was born here. It has 16 stores, cap. $24,300 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 1 tannery, 1 paper factory, 6 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $124,145. 13 schools, 564 scholars. Pop. 2,168. Braintrem, p-t., Luzerne co.. Pa., 163 n. n. w. Harrisburg, 273 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel and alluvion. Exports lumber down the Susquehanna, which bounds it on the south. It has three stores, cap. $10,650 ; 1 fulling m., 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Capital in manufac. $10,600. 6 sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 1,355. Bralsville, v., Monroe CO., O. Pop. 194. Bkaman's CoRx^ers, p-o., Duanesburgh town, Schenectady county, N.V., 35 w. n. w. Albany, 402 W. Branch, coimty, Mich., in the s. part of the state, contains 528 sq. ms. Drained by branches of St. Joseph's r. The surface is rolling, and the soil a rich sandy loam. Capital, Branch. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,211, sheep 744, swine 13,224; wheat 67,317 bushels produced, Indian corn 89,085, buckwheat 1,189, barley 4,073, oats 70,222, potatoes 74,2-13, sugar 46,005 pounds ; 11 stores, capital $48,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 brewery, 3 flouring m., 5 grist m., 15 sawm., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Capital in manufactures, $107,250. 47 schools, 789 scholars. Population, 5,715. Branch, p-v., Coldvvater t., capital of Branch CO., Mich., 1 13 w. s. w. Detroit, 561 W. Situated on the w. branch of Cold water r. BRA 77 BRE Branch, t, Schuylkill co., Pa. It has 8 stores, cap. $42,300 ; 1 brewery, 2 grist m., 14 saw mills ; 103,500 tons of anthracite coal produced ; 3 sch. 145 scholars. Pop. 1,422. Branch Port, p-v., Jerusalem t., Yates co., N. Y., 201 w. Albany, 327 W. Situated on the w. branch of Crooked Lake. It has 1 Presbyte- rian and 1 Baptist church, 3 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. Branchville, p-v., Frankford t., Sussex co., N. J., 77 N. Trenton, 246 W. A branch of Pau- linskill affords mill seats. Branchville, p-o., Orangeburg dist., S. C, 62 s. Columbia, 568 W. Branchville, p-o., St. Clair co., Ala., 103 n. E. Tuscaloosa, 736 W. Brandenburg, p-v., capital of Mead co., Ky., 94 w. by s. Frankfort, 634 W. Situated on the south bank of the Ohio r. It contains a court house and several stores and dwellings. Brandon, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 48 s. w.Mont- peher, 16 s. Middlebury, 472 W. Otter creek passes through it, and Slill river, a branch of it, furnishes good water power. Excepting on Otter creek, where the land is rich, much of the soil is rather light. Bog iron ore and marble are found. First settled, 1775. It has 6 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 1 tannery, 4 furnaces, 1 printing office. Capital in manufac. $4,550. 1 acad. 80 students, 13 schools, 783 scholars. Pop. 2,194. Brandon, p-v., capital of Rankin co.. Miss., 13 E. Jackson, to which it is connected by railroad, 1003 W. It contains a court house, several stores and dwellings. Brandon, t., Oakland co., Mich. Drained by head waters of Flint r. Pop. 442. Brandon, t., Franklin co., N. Y., 10 s. w. Ma- lone, 215 n. by w. Albany, is a rough town, cov- ered mostly with forest, with several lakes in its s. part. Drained by Saranac, St. Regis, and Racket rs. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,050. 5 sch. 192 scholars. Pop. 531. Brandonville, p-v., Preston co., Va., 267 n. W. Richmond, 189 W. Brand's Iron Works, p-o., Washington co., R. I., 28 s. by w. Providence, 380 W. Brandt, t., Erie co., N. Y., is situated on Lake Ene, 20 s. s. w. Buflfalo, 300 w. Albany. The surface is hilly, and the soil, a moist clay and gravelly loam, fertile in grass and grain. It has 1 store, 6 sch. 219 scholars. Pop. 1,088. Brandy, t., Williams co., O. It has 1 school, 25 scholars. Pop. 351. Brandywine Creek, Pa. and Del., rises near the boundary between Lancaster co. and Chester CO., Pa., and flows through Delaware ; and after uniting with Christiana creek, it enters the Dela- ware river, forming the harbor of Wilmington. It furnishes many excellent mill seats, and is navi- gable to Brandywine v. and mills, where there is 6 or 8 feet of water, at high tide. Brandywine, p-o.. Prince George's co., Md., 40 s. w. Annapolis, 94 W. Brandywine, t., Hancock co., la. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $1,900. Pop. 693. Brandywine, p-c, Shelby co., la., 20 s. e. In- dianapolis, 570 W. Brandywine, t., Chester co.. Pa. Watered by Brandywine and Beaver creeks. It has 6 stores, cap. $7,200 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring mill, 2 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 paper fac. Cap. in manufac. $7,815. 6 schools, 300 scholars. Pop. 1,672. Brandywine, hundred. New Castle co., Del. It has 9 stores, cap. $5,600 ; 1 woollen fac, 3 cot- Ion fac. 7,212 sp., 5 flouring m., 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 232,950. 7 sch. 415 scho- lars. Pop. 3,387. Brandywine Manor, p-o., Chester co., Pa. 60 s. E. Harrisburg, 131 W. Brandywine Mills, p-v., Northfield t.. Sum- mit CO., O., 141 N E. Columbus, 341 W. Here i.s each other at right angles. Some of the streets have a greater width. Fulton-st., the principal thorough- fare, though crooked, has been widened to an am- ple width ; the old houses with which it was for- merly lined near the ferry, have been replaced by rows of lofty brick buildings, and present an entrance to the city quite as imposing as any single entrance to the city of New York. Brook- lyn is one of the finest built cities, of its extent, in the United States. Its beautiful situation, good air, and excellent water, have made it a favorite place of residence to many persons who do bu- siness in New York, as it is nearer to the centre of business in that city, than residences in the upper parts of the city of New York ; and have given it a most rapid growth. The increase of population from 1830 to 1840 was 20,917. Brook- lyn is connected with New York by 4 steam fer- ries, on each of which several commodious boats continually run. The ferry from Fulton-street in Brooklyn, to Fulton-street ui New York, is 731 yards wide ; that from Main-street, Brooklyn, to Catharine-street, New York, is 736 yards; the Jackson-street, or Navy Yard ferry, is 707 yards ; the South ferry, from Atlantic-street, Brooklyn, to Whitehall, New York, is about 1,300 yards wide. The time of crossing is generally from 4 to 5 minutes. The city limits have the same ex- tent as the former town of Brooklyn, having an irregular shape, 6 miles long, and 4 broad, at its greatest breadth. This large territory has been laid out into blocks and streets, and the corner posts fixed by commissioners, appointed by the Legislature ; but the thickly settled parts are con- fined to a small part of this territory. Brooklyn was chartered as a city in 1834. It is divided into 9 wards, and is governed by a Mayor and Common Council. A new city hall, projected a number of years since, on a magnificent plan, to be built of white marble, but batlly located, has never progressed beyond the basement story, and is altogether beyond the present wants of the city. The Conuuon Council and city offices are at present well accommodated at the City Build- ings, (formerly Apprentices' Library,) purchased for the purpose, in the centre of business. The jail is a handsome building of freestone, and the county clerk's office is a fire-proof brick edifice. There are in the city 30 churches — 7 Presbyte- rian, 7 Episcopal, 3 Dutch Reformed, 2 Baptist, 7 Methodist, 2 Roman Catholic, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Friends'. There are 3 banks in Brooklyn, with an aggregate capital of $1,000,000, besides a Sav- ings bank. There are 3 insurance companies, w ith a total capital of $452,000. The Lyceum in Washington-street, is a fine granite building, with a spacious lecture room. The city library of 3,000 volumes, has a fine reading room, and is open daily. The Hamilton Literary Association, composed of young men, is a flourishing institu- tion, and supports, annually, an able course of lectures, which are numerously attended. There were in 1840, 5 for. commercial houses, cap. $109,500 ; 154 retail stores, cap. $353,000 ; several lumber yards, cap. $40,000 ; products of the dairy $197,000, machuiery $182,(W0, hats and caps $102,000, 1 tannery, manufacture of leather $162,600, 5 distilleries, 1 brewery, cap. $357,000 ; paints, drugs, &,c., cap. $322,000 ; 1 glass house, employing 100 persons, capital $15,000; 4 rope walks, cap. $65,000 ; 3 printing offices, 1 daily, 2 weekly, 1 semi-weekly newspapers. Capital in manuiac. $1,386,500. 19 acad. 1,121 students, 38 schools, 4,683 scholars. The United States' Navy Yard, situated on Wallabout Bay, covers 40 acres of ground, en- closed by a bnck wall on the land side, and con- tains 2 large ship houses, 7 extensive timber sheds built of brick, and several workshops, offices for the officers, and extensive storehouses. A dry dock will soon be constructed at this idace. Con- nected with the Navy Yard, is the United States Naval Lycemn, a flourishuig institution, which has a valuable library and museum. The Naval Hospital occupies a commanding eminence, half a mile e. of the Navy Yaril, and has a large build- ing surrounded by 33 acres of cultivated ground, enclosed by a brick wall. The (ireenwood Cem- etery is in the s. part of Brooklyn, has 200 acres of land, of a variety of surface, and in its higher parts, commands an extensive and beautiful view of the harbor and city of New York, of the sur- roimding country, and of the Atlantic ocean. It is designed to embellish the grounds, and to make it an ornament to the city. The " Atlantic Dock Company" are constructing a large basin, within Red Hook Point, which will contain 42i acres, and the outside pier of which will extend 3,000 feet, fronting on Buttermilk chaimel, and the BRO 84 BRO depth of which will accommodate the largest ships ; the whole estimated to cost $624,527. This additional wharf-room is rendered necessary, by the crowded state of the docks at New York. At the foot of Brooklyn Heights, the finest water is obtained from wells and reservoirs for the sup- ply of the sliipping of New York harbor. In August, 1776, this part of Long Island be- came the seat of the Revolutionary war, and the remains of the fortifications then thrown up, are still to be seen in Brooklyn ; though many of them have been obliterated in the regulation of streets. At the close of the Revolutionary war, there were but 56 houses in the place. Near the Navy Yard at the Wallabout, are interred the remains of 11,000 Americans, who perished in the British prison ships, moored Lir the bay, dur- ing the Revolutionary war. Brooklyn, p-t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 171 n. N. E. Harrisburg, 278 W. Martins creek forms its E. boundary. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,300 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 paper fac. Cap. in manufac. $12,285. 1 acad. 19 students, 10 schools, 280 scholars. Pop. 1,474. Brooklyn, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 145 n. n. e. Columbus, 360 W. Ohio city, opposite to Cleve- land, has been taken from this town, and was formerly a part of it. It has 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. iJ2,000. 1 acad. 40 students, 11 schools, 562 scholars. Pop. 1,401*. Brooklyn, p-o., Halifax co., Va., 145 s. w. Richmond, 232 W. It contains 2 stores, 1 tanne- ry, several meclianics, 12 dwellings, and 60 in- habitants. Brooklyn, p-o., Schuyler co., 111., 77 w. n. w. Springfield, 857 W. Bkooklvn, p-o., Conecuh co., Ala., 180 s. by E. Tuscaloosa, 'J32 W. Brooklyn, p-o., Jackson co., Ala., 71 n. n. e. Tuscaloosa, 531 W. Brooklyn, p-o., Noxubee co., Miss., 126 n. e. Jackson, 891 W. Brookneal, p-v., Campbell co., Va., 122 w. s. w. Richmond, 209 W. IJeautifully situated on the N. bank of Staunton r. It has 1 Baptist church, 2 stores, 1 tannery, and several mechanics, and contains 15 dwellings. Pop. 61 whites, 48 blacks ; total, 109. Brooks, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 45 n. e. Augusta. Incorporated in 1816. It has 4 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 irrist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,077. 5 sell. 373 scholars. Pop. 910. Brook's Grovk, p-o.. Mount Morris t., Liv- ingston CO., N. Y., 249 w. Albany, 360 W. Brookville, p t., Hancock county. Me., 79 e. Augusta, 675 W. It lies on the e. side of Penob- scot bay, and is conveniently situated for naviga- tion, having navigable water on 3 sides. It has 1 fulling m., 3 grist m., 2 saw m., 11 schools, 582 scholars. Pop. 1,246. Brookville, p-o., Alexander t., Genesee co., N. Y., 255 w. Albany, 385 W. Brookville, p-o., Montgomery co., Md., 64 n. N. w. Annapolis, 24 W. Brookville, p-b., Jefferson co., Pa., 167 n. w. Harrisburg, 256 W. It contains a brick court house and offices, 4 stores, and 40 or 50 dwellings. The first building was erected in 1830. It has 8 stores, cap. $22,080 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- paper. Capital in manufac. $11,040. 1 acad. 25 students, 1 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 276. Brookville, p-v., capital, Franklin co., la., 69 s. E. Indianapolis, 519 W. Situated a little above the junction of e. and w. forks of Whitewater r. Brookville, p-v., Bracken co., Ky., 65 n. e. Frankfort, 495 W. Brookville, p-v., Marion co., Mo., 119 n. n. E. Jefferson city, 933 W. Brooksville, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 98 n w. Richmond, 140 W. Brooksville, p-o., Randolph co., Ga., 151 s w. Milledgeville, 807 W. Brooksville, p-o., Blount co., Ala., 114 n. n. E. Tuscaloosa, 724 W. Broo.vie, county, N. Y., situated in the s. part of the state, contains 627 sq. ms. The soil is adapted to grazing, and is fertile. It contains several svilphur and 1 or 2 salt springs. Water- ed by Susquehanna, Chenango, and Toughnioga rivers, and Nanticoke creek. A large amount of lumber is floated dovm the Susquehanna river to Chesapeake bay. The Chenango canal connects Binghamton with the Erie canal at Utica. CJapi- tal, Binghamton. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 23,546, sheep 50,669, swine 12,880; wheat 66,369 bushels produced, rye 26,443, Indian com 84,033, buckwheat 31,259, potatoes 303,812, sugar 62,05 1 pounds ; 49 stores, cap. $180,300 ; 9 fulling m., 14 tanneries, 1 distillery, 23 grist m., 144 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $44,595. 3 acad. 165 students, 167 schools, 6,627 scholars. Pop. 1830, 17,582 ; 1840, 22,338. Broome, t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 33 w. Alba- ny. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, light sandy loam. Drained by Schoharie creek and its tributaries, and by Catskill cr. It has 8 stores, cap. $10,300 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist mills, 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,950. 17 sch. 759 scholars. Pop. 2,404. Brothers Valley, t., Somerset county. Pa. Drained by Castlemans r. It has 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 3 fulling m., 4 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 6 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 oil ra. Cap. in manufac. $8,150. 5 schools, 125 scholars. Pop. 1,548. 13ROTIIERT0N, p-o., Anne Arundel co., Md., 10 N. by w. Amiapolis, 50 W. Brotzmansville, p-o., Warren co., N. J., 78 N. N. w. Trenton, 226 W. Browers, p-o., Berks co.. Pa., 66 n. e. Harris- burg, 159 W. Brower's Mills, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 73 w. by s. Raleigh, 347 W. Brown, county, O., in the s. w. part of the state, contains about 470 sq. ms. It lies on the Ohio r. Watered by Eagle, Red-oak, Straight, and White-oak creeks. 'I'he surface on the Ohio is somewhat broken, but at the distance of 5 ms. becomes level. The sod is generally good, and in some parts excellent. Organized in 1818. Capital, Georgetown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,316, sheep 25,775, swine 39,784 ; wheat 321,019 bushels produced, rye 2,348, Indian corn 757,284, barley 1,919, oats 212,448, potatoes 62,964, tobacco 63,260 pounds ; 2 com. houses in foreign trade, cap. 11,000 ; 63 stores, capital $210,950 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 15 tanneries, 2 distille- ries, 1 brewery, 42 flouring m., 2:H grist m., 38 saw m., 4 oil m., 2 printing offices, 3 weekly newspa- pers. Cap. in manulac. $206,678. 1 college, 22 students, 1 acad. 45 students, 33 sch. 1,352 scho- lars. Pop. 1830, 17,869 ; 1840, 22,715. Brown, county. 111. Situated in the w. part of the state, contains 300 sq. ms. The surface is adulating, and the soil fertile. Illinois r. runs on its E. border, and Crooked creek on the n. e. McKee's cr. passes through the southern part of the CO. Capital, Mount Sterling. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,875, sheep 3,733, swine 10,278 ; wheat 15,791 bush, produced, Ind. corn 128,105, buckwheat 1,216, oats 17,417, potatoes 10,735, tobacco 3,030 pounds, sugar 14,993 ; 13 stores, cap. $18,800 ; 4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 2 BRO 85 BRO potteries, 6 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manu- > lac. 836,935. 11 sch. 314 scholars. Pop. 4,183. I Brown, county, la., central in the .s. part of tlie state, contains 310 sq. ms. Drained by Salt cr. and its tributaries. Surface undulating and hilly, and the soil fertile. Capital, Nashville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,261, sheep 2,635, swine 6,927 ; wheat 3,328 bush, produced, I. corn 66,578, oafs 9,375, potatoes 3,539, tobacco 3,562 pounds, sugar 23,215 ; value of skins and furs produced, $47,611 ; 1 tannery, 6 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,300. 1 school, 24 scholars. Pop. 2,364. Brown, county. Wis,, lies on both sides of Green Bay, and vv. of Lake Michigan. It con- tains 1,150 sq. ms. in the part surveyed. The surface is various, and the soil good, but some- what wet and cold. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,053, sheep 85, swine 1,380; wheat 7,614 bush, produced, Ind. com 3,696, oats 13,674, po- tatoes 27,508, sugar 3 ),460 pounds ; 3 commercial houses in for. trade, cap. $33,000 ; 42 stores, cap. $142,700 ; 8 lumber yards, cap. $8,200; 1 tannery, 3 grist ra., 25 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $126,388. 3 sell. 46 scholars. Pop. 2.107. Brow.v, t., Lycoming co.. Pa. Surface moun- tainous ; soil, various. Drained by Pine cr. and its tributaries. It has 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 3 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 263. Brown, t., Mifflin county. Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $15,000; 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $29,310. 4 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. 903. Brown, t., Hancock co., la. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. 749. Brown, t., Washington co., la. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500; 3 tanneries, 1 floin-ing m., 5 grist in., 6 saw m., 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 1,451. Brown, t., Athens co., O., in the s. w. part of the CO. Situated on the waters of Racoon cr. It has 2 stores, cap. 2,000 ; 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,500. 2 schools, 30 scholars. Pop. 257. Brown, t., Carroll co., O. Sandy cr. and the Sandy and Beaver canal pass through it. It has 6 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 2,165. Brown, t., Dark co., O. Watered by a head branch of Stillwater cr. Pop. 294. Brown, t., Delaware co., O., 4 e. of Delaware. The soil is generally good. Watered by Alum cr. It has 7 sch. 130 scholars. Pop. 908. Brown, t., Franklin co., O. Established in 1830. Situated on the w. border of the co. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 425. Brown, t., Knox co., O., in the n. part of the CO. Situated on Yellow cr. It has 5 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 1,210. Brown, t., Miami co., O. Drained by branch- es of Miami r. It has 1 saw m., 4 sch. 194 schol- ars. Pop. 1,233. Brown, t., Paulding co., O. Pop. 180. Brownill's Mills, p-o., Lenawee co., Mich., 83 s. w. Detroit, 523 W. Brownfield, p-t., Oxford co., Me., 78 s. w. Augusta, 563 W. Incorporated in 1802. It has the Saco r. on the e., ana contains 2 stores, 1 tan- nery, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,000. 2 acad. 94 students, 13 sch. 480 scholars. Pop. 1,360. Browniielm, p-t., Loraine co., O., 124 n. e. Columbus, 348 VV. Watered by Vermillion r. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $10,000; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw iii. Cap. in manufac. $9,200. 4 sch. 134 scholars. Pop. 934. Brownington, p-l., Orleans cc, Vt., 49 n. n. E. Montpelier, 535 W. Watered by Willoughby r., a branch of Barton r., wliich furnishes water power. Chartered in 1790. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,50l) ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in inannfac. $2,200. 1 acad. 46 students, 3 sch. 65 scholars. Pop. 486. Brownington, p-v., Butler co.. Pa., 215 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 257 \V. Brown's, p o., Fairfield dist., S. C, 24 n. Co- lumbia, 504 W. Brownsborougii, p-v., Oldham co., Ky., 42 N. w. Frankfort, 534 W. BrO'WNsciirg, p-o., jMakefield t., Bucks co., Pa., 114 E. Harrisburg, 170 W. Situated on Delaware r., and contains 1 store and 5 or 6 dwellings. Brownsborg, p-v., Rockbridge co., Va., 139 w. by N. Richmond, 180 W. Situated on Maf- fet's cr. It has 1 large church, 3 stores, 1 tan- nery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., various mechanics, 20 dwellings, and 120 inhabitants. It is surround- ed by a flourishing country. Brownsburg, p-o., Hendricks co., la., 14 w. Indianapolis, 585 W. Brown's Corner, p o., Kennebec co., Me., 6 Augusta, 601 W. Brown's Cove, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 112 i\. w. Richmond, 136 W. Brown's Mills, p-o., Brown t., Mifflin co., Pa., 62 N. w. Harrisburg, 154 W. Pop. of the t. 903. Brown's Mills, p-o., Roxbury t., Washington CO., O., 87 s. E. Columbus, 317 W. Brown's Port, p-v.. Perry co., Tenn., 101 s. w. Nashville, 785 W. Brown's Store, p-o., Warren co., O. Brown's Store, p-o., Caswell co., N. C, 96 N. w. Raleigh, 272 W. Brownstown, p-t., Wayne co., Mich , 25 s. s. w. Detroit, 5i)4 W. It is situattid at the mouth of Huron r., on Lake Erie. It has 4 stores, cap. S4,7(»0, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 4 ,sch. 62 scholars. Pop. 793. Brownstown, p-v., capital of Jackson co., la. 71 s. Indianapolis, 597 W. Situated on the E. side of a branch of East Fork of White v. Brownsville, p-t., Piscatiquis co.. Me., 102 N. E. Augusta, 699 W. Incorporated in 1821. Pleasant r., a branch of the Piscatiquis r., passes through the t. Otter pond, which is 4 or 5 ms. long, and 3 or 4 broad, lies on its e. border. It has 1 store, cap. 10,000 ; 1 taiuicry, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., I saw m., 6 sch. 254 scholars. Pop. 568. Brownsville, p-o., Windsor co., Vt., 63 s. Montpelier, 474 W. Brownsville, p-v., Brownville t., JeflTerson CO., N. Y., 163 N. w. Albany, 5 w. VV'atertown, 420 W. The surface is lev(!l, and the soil, a fer- tile marly loam. Watered by Black and Perch rivers. The v. is 4 ms. below Watertown, on the .N. bank of Black r., at the hjwer rapids, where there are mills, and below which the r. is navigable. Incorporated in 1829, and has 1 Pres- byterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist church, 8 stores, 1 cotton fac, 2 satinet fac, 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 iron foundries, 2 machine shops, 1 whitelead fac, 1 oil m., 1 tannery, and 1 distil- lery, 125 dwellings, and 1,000 inhabitants. There are in the 1. 10 stores, cap. $35,000 ; 5 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 furnaces, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manu- fac. $112,200. 20 sch. 1,387 scholars. Pop. 3,963. Brownsville, p-v., Fayette co., Pa., 191 e. by s. Harrisburg, 207 W. It is situated on the BRU 86 BRU K. bank of the IVlonongaliela r., at tlie mouth of Redstone cr. It contains about '23'J dwellings. The country around is rich and fertile. The national road passes through the place, and con- stitutes its principal street, and passes over the JMonongahela by a fine bridge. It has 17 stores, cap. $94,100; 1 forge, 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 1 glass fac, 1 grist m., 1 suw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly paper. Cap. in manufac. $15,095. 3 sell. 113 scholars. Pop. 1,362. Brownsville, p-v., Washington co., Md., 95 N. w. Annapolis, 63 W. Brownsville, p-v., Liclung t., Licking co., O., 40 K. Columbus, 353 W. It is on the nation- al road, and contains 5 stores, 2 churches, 2 tan- neries, 17 mechanic shops, and 80 dwellings. It has an extensive trade in wheat and tobacco. Brownsville, p-v., capital Edmonson co., Ky., 132 s. w. Frankfort, 663 W. Situated on the s, side of Green r., contains a court house, jail, several stores and dwellings, and 112 inhabi- tants. Brownsville, p-v., Granville co., N. C, 64 N. Raleigh, 267 W. Brownsville, p-o., Marborough dist, S, C, 131 N. E., Columbia, 423 W. Brownsville, p-v., Talladega co., Ala., 141 E. by N. Tuscaloosa, 790 W. Brownsville, p-v., Union co., la., 68 e. by s. Indianapolis, 511 W. Brownsville, p-v., capital of Jackson co., 111., 17T s, Springfield, 842 W. Situated on the N. side of Big Muddy r. It is 12 ms. by land, and 25 by water from the Mississippi, and is sur- rounded by hills. It contains 25 or 30 families. Brownsville, p-o., Haywood co., Temi., 164 w. s. w. Nashville, 847 W. Brownsville, p-o., Sahne co., Mo., 100 n. w. Jefferson city, 1,016 W. Brownsville, v., Monroe co., Ga. Situated li ms., w. of the Ocmulg<:e r. It contains 1 Methodist church, and a few dwellings. Brownsville, p-v.. Hinds co., Miss., 20 w. Jackson, 1,030 W. Browntown, p-v., Bradford co., Pa., 153 n. Harrisburg, 263 W. Bruce, p-t., Macomb co., Mich., 58 n. Detroit, 563 W. It has a productive soil, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 1 acad. 15 students, 4 sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 1,128. Bruce, po., Hamilton co., Tenn., 147 s. E. Nashville, 603 W. Bruce's Valley, p-o., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 164 N. by E. Ilarrisbui^, 274 W. Brucetown, p-o., Frederick co., Va., 154 N. N. w. Richmond, 78 W. Bruceville, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 79 n. w. Annajjolis, 62 W. Bruceville, p-o., Knox co., la., 119 s. w. Indianapolis, 686 W. Bruington, p-v., King and Queen co., Va., 42 N. E. Richmond, 127 VV. Bruins Cross Roads, Park co., la., 58 w. In- dianapolis, 629 W. Bruly Landing, p-o., West Baton Rouge par., La. Brumfieldville, p-v., Berks co.. Pa., 62 e. N. E. Harrisburg, 155 W. Brummels, p-o., Davidson co., N. C, 103 w. Raleigh, 324 W. Brunersburg, po., Williams co., O., 156 n. w. Columbus, 508 W. Brunerstown, p-o., Putnam co., la., .55 In- dianapolis, 620 W. Brunnett's Creek, p-o., Wliite co., la., 83 n. by w. Indianapoli.s, 622 W. Brunswick, county, Va. Situated in the s. part of the state, contains 676 sq. ms. Drained by Roanoke r. and its branches. Capital, Law- renceville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,801, sheep 6,279, swine 18,950; wheat 26,963 bush, produced, Ind. corn 328,801, oats 115,842, potatoes 15,711, tobacco 2,140,813 pounds, cotton 12,699 ; 19 stores, cap. $56,000 ; 5 tanneries, 1 furnace, 4 flouring m., 19 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,700. 7 acad. 156 students, 7 sch. 126 scholars. Pop. 1830, 15,770 ; 1840, whites 4,978, slaves 8,805, free col'd 563 ; total, 14,346. Brunswick, county, N. C, in s. part of the state, lying on Cape Fear r. and on the Atlantic ocean. It contains 1,344 sq. ins. The surface is flat and marshy, and the soil poor. Capital, Smithville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,237, sheep 1,889, swine 9,512 ; Ind. corn 36,357 bush, produced, potatoes 47,426, rice 949,755 pounds, cotton 7,868, pitch, &c. 4.867; bbls. 4 stores, cap. $9,800; 17 grist m., 4 saw m., 7 sch. 106 scholars. Pop. 1830, 6.523 ; 1840, whites 2,772, slaves 2,119, free col'd 374; total, 5,265. Brunswick, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 30 s. by w, Augusta, 7 w. Bath, 26 n. e. Portland, 141 N. N. e. Boston, 570 W. 43° 53' n. lat., 69° 55' w. Ion. It is situated on the s. side of the An- droscoggin r., at the lower falls, where there is extensive water power. The river below is navigable for gondolas to Bath. A great amount of lumber comes down the Androscoggin. There are 13 saw m., and a cotton fac. at this place. A bridge connects it with Topsham. Bowdoin college, a well endowed and flour- ishing institution, is located here. It was found- ed in 1794, lias a president and 10 professors or other instructors, 649 alumni, 165 students, and 20,000 volumes in its libraries. A prosperous medical school is attached to the institution, which has 4 professors and 70 students. Its phi- losophical apparatus, and its cabinets of miner- alogy and natural liistory, are very complete. The commencement is on the first Wednesday in September. The t. has 30 stores, cap. ,$34,150 ; 1 fulling ni., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 4,000 sp., 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 13 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 periodical. Cap. in manufac. $220,825. 2 acad. 66 students, 32 sch. 1,065 scholai-s. Pop. 4,259. Brunswick, p-t., Essex co., Vt., 86 n. e. Mont- pelier, 583 W. It lies on Connecticut r. Nulhe- gan r. and Paul's stream pass through the t. and furnish good water power. It has two consider- able ponds, which discharge their waters into Connecticut r. It has cap. in manufac. $100. 3 sch. 47 scholars. Pop. 130. Brunswick, t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 4 e. Troy, 10 n. e. Albany. The surface is hilly. Drained by Poestenkill r. and its tributaries. It has 4 stores, cap. $2,700 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. m manufac. $8,400. 15 sch. 599 schol- ars. Pop. 3,051. Brunswick, p-v., port of entry and capital of Glymi CO., Ga., 233 s. e. Milledge\1lle, 742 W. Situated on Turtle r. It has a spacious and safe harbor, having 13 feet water on the bar, at the lowest tides. It is 13f ms. above the bar, and 8 ms. above the light-house, on St. Simon's Island. It has a court house, jail, and about 30 houses and stores. Tonnage 1840, 1,494. Brunswick, p-t., Medina co., O.. 25 s. w. Cleveland, 120 n. e. Columbus, 355 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $4,600 ; 1 tannery, 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$4,650. 8 sch. 29'? scholars. Pop. 1,110. Brunswick, p-v., Chariton co., Mo., 102 n. w. BUG 87 BUG Jefferson city, 996 W. Situated on the N. banli of Missouri r., 1 mile below the mouth of Grand river. Brush Creek, p-o., Green co., Ky. Brush Creek, t.. Highland co., O. Drained by Brush cr. It has 8 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 1,502. Brush Creek, t, Jefferson co., O. Pop. 757. Brush Creek, t., Muskingum co., O. It has 1 church, 4 flouring m., 4 saw m., several salt fac, and is a very flourishing t. Pop. 1,606. Brush Creek, t., Sciota co., O. Pop. 401. Brush Creek, t., Washington co., Ark. Has 1 sch. 9 scholars. Pop. 298. Brush HiLL,p-v., Dupage co.. 111., 183 Spring- field, 735 W. Brushy Creek, p-o., Cleveland co., N. C, 200 w. by s. Raleigh, 437 W. Brushv Creek, p-o., Anderson dist., S. C, 216 w. s. w. Cokimbia, 519 VV. Brushy Fork, p-o., Breckenridge co., Ky., 106 w. s. w. Frankfort, 646 W. Bruynswick, p-o., Ulster co., N. Y., 85s. s. w. Albany, 300 W. Brutus, t., Ingham co., Mich. Pop. 97. Brutus, t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 7 n. Auburn, 153 w. by N. Albany. The surface is hilly ; the soil, a well cultivated clay and sandy loam. Gypsum and limestone are found here. Drained by Branch creek and Cold Spring, streams which flow N. into Seneca r. The Erie canal passes through the place, on which, in the t., the village of Weedsport it situated. There are in the t., 13 stores, cap. .$27,400 ; 2 fulling m., 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. m manufac. $36,150. 15 sch. 751 schol- ars. Pop. 2,044. Bryan, county, Ga., in the s. e. part of the state, on the Atlantic. The Ogeechee r. bounds it on the n. e. It contains 480 sq. ms. The Cannouchee r. passes through it. Such is the marshy nature of the soil, that the roads are made with great expense. It has 4 acad. 65 students. Pop. 3,182. Bryan, p-v., Pulaski t, capital of Williams co., O., situated near the centre of the co. Bryansburg, p-v., Jefferson co., la., 83 s. e. Indianapolis, 563 W. Bryantown, p-v., Charles co., Md., 69 s. w. AnnapoHs, 10 n. e. Port Tobacco, 44 W. Brydee's Store, p-o., Lunenbm-g co., Va., 88 s. w. Richmond, 202 W. Buchanan, county, Mo., in the n. w. part of the state, contains 800 sq. ms. It has the Missou- ri river on the western boundary, and the Little Platte river passes south through the centre oi' the county. Capital, Sparta. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,476, sheep 6,071, swine 25,778; wheat 1,884 bush, produced, Ind. corn 194,961, oats 405, potatoes 12,069, tobacco 3,300 pounds, sugar 209 ; 14 stores, cap. .$34,210 ; 3 grist in., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §9,050. 17 sch. 427 scholars. Pop. whites 6,004, slaves 227, free col'd 6 ; total, 6,237. Buchanan, p-o., Birmingham bor., Alleghany CO., Pa., 201 w. Harrisburg, 227 W. (See Pitts- burg.) Buchanan, v., Botetourt co., Va., on James r., opposite to Pattonsburg, with which it is connect- ed by a fine bridge. Buchanan, t., Berrien co., Mich., lying on the St. Joseph's r. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 3 sch. 57 scholars. Pop. 264. Buchanan's Ferry, p-o., Calcasieu par., La., 307 w. N. Orleans, l,33Z W. Buchanan's Station, p-o., Ripley co., la. 80 s. K. Indianapolis, 556 W Buchanansville, p-v., Rutherford co., Tenn., 12 s. E. Nashville, 678 W. Buck, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa., 50 s. E. Harris- burg, 99 W. Buck, t., Luzerne co.. Pa. It has 8 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $12,800. 1 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 307. Buck Bridge, Potsdam t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 231 n. w. Albany, 503 W. Buck Creek, p-o., Spartansburg dist., S. C, 114 N. w. Columbia, 475 W. Buck Creek, t., Hancock co., la. 1 grist m. Pop. 224. Buck Creek, p-o., Tuscaloosa co., 20 Tusca- loosa, 838 W. Buck Eye, p-o., Putnam co., O., 119 n. w. Co- lumbus, 484 W. Buck Eye, p-o., Laurens co., Ga., 50 n. by w. Milledgeville, 678 W. Buckeyestown, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 81 N. w. Annapolis, 49 W. Buckfield, p-t., Oxford co., Me., 32 w. by s. Augusta, 50 N. by w. Portland, 591 W. Watered by a branch of Androscoggin r. The soil is fer- tile. It has 8 stores, cap. $10,250; 1 fulling m., 46 tanneries, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $15,011. 1 acad. 25 students, 13 sch. 656 scholars. Pop. 1,629. Buckhannon, p-o., Lewis co.. Mo. Buckhead, p-o., Fairfield dist., S. C, 44 N. by w. Columbia, 484 W. Buckhead, p-o., Morgan co., Ga., 48 n. n. w. Melledgeville, 618 W. Buckhead Causeway, p-o., Colleton dist., S. C, 113 s. by E. Columbia, 619 W. Buckuorn, p-o., Cumberland co.. Pa. Buckingham, p-o., Baltimore co., Md. Buckingham, t., Wayne co.. Pa., on the wesS bank of the Delaware r. It has 3 sch. 50 schol- ars. Pop. 233. Buckingham, p-t., Bucks co.. Pa. 104 e. by N. Harrisburg, 166 W. Soil, loam, clay, and gravel. It is inhabited chiefly by Friends. It has a well endowed academy. It contains 7 stores, cap. $16,500 ; 1 tannery, 6 grist m., 6 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $57,050. 7 sch. 281 scholars. Pop. 2,482. Buckingham, county, Va., in the lower cen- tral part of the state, lies on James r., and con- tains 816 sq. ms. The Appamattox r. runs on its southern border. Capital, Maysville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,881, sheep 14,566, swine 22,315; wheat 168,771 bush, produced, rye 1,311, Ind. corn 438,913, oats 227,080 pota- toes 20,539, tobacco 2,452,520 pounds, cotton 10,941; 37 stores, cap. $190,825; 1 furnace, 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 76 tanneries, 9 distil- leries, 22 flouring m., 52 grist m., 44 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $225,556. 1 college, 97 students, 16 acad. 300 students, 20 sch. 356 scholars. Pop. 1830, 18,351 ; 1840, whites 7,323, slaves 10,014, free col'd 449; total, 18,786. Buckingham, C. H., p-o., Maysville v., Buck- ingham CO., Va., 79 w. Richmond, 158 W. BucKLAND, p-t., Frankhn co., Ms., 104 w. by N. Boston, 412 W. It lies on the s. side of Deer- field r. Incorporated in 1779. It is a good graz- ing t. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 5 saw in. Cap. in manu- fac. $1,300. 8 sch. 279 scholars. Pop. 1,084. BucKLAND, p-v., Prince William co., Va., Ill N. Richmond, 42 W. It has an elevated and ro- mantic situation, on Broad Run, on which are 2 flouring m. It contains 1 church, free to all de- nominations, 2 stores, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, and various mechanics. It has a population of about 200. BUF 88 BUF BucKLAND Corners, p-o., Hartford co., Ct., 6 Hartford, 342 W. Buckram, p-v.. Queens co., N. Y., 179 s. Al- bany, 259 W. Situated on Beaver-dam cr. It has I store, 2 grist m., and 10 or 15 dwellings. Buck Prairie, p-o., Barry co.. Mo. Buck Run, p-o., Union co., O., 46 n. by w. Columbus, 436 W. Bucks, county, Pa., in the s. E. part of the state, is sitviated on the Delaware r., contains 5 16 sq. ms. Drained by the Neshaminy and Tohic- kon creeks, and the sources of the Perkiomen cr. The surface is agreeably diversified, and the soil various, but highly cultivated. Plumbago or black lead is found in Southampton t. Capital, Doylestown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 32,805, sheep 27,244, swine 3-i,516; wheat 236,915 bush, produced, rye 255,666, Ind. corn 680,123, buckwheat 107,864, oats 884,870, potatoes 237,979, silk cocoons 1,280 pounds; 133 stores, cap. $455,000 ; 10 lumber yards, cap. $67,500 ; 2 full- ing ms., 2 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 7,000 sp., 24 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 22 potteries, 11 flouring m., 94 grist m., 80 saw m., 15 oil m., 4 printing offices, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $336,051. 1 college, 30 students, 8 acad. 233 students, 91 sch. 5,696 scholars. Pop. 1830,45,740; 1840,48,107. Bucks, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It has 1 store, cap. ,$1,500 ; 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 6 sen. 570 scholars. Pop. 1,547. Bucks, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 153 n. e. Co- lumbus, 285 W. Bucks, t., St. Joseph co., Mich. Watered by St. Joseph r. It has 2 fulling m., 1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 5 sch. 149 scholars. Pop. 787. Buck's Shoals, p-o., Rutherford co., N. C, 216 w. by s. Raleigh, 453 W. BucKsroRT, p-t., Hancock co.. Me., 58 n. e. by E. Augusta, 654 W. It lies on the e. side of Pe- nobscot r., 15 s. Bangor. It is a flourishing town, with a fine harbor, and considerable shipping. The ground on which the village stands ascends gradually from the river, and the houses are built with neatness and taste. The harbor has suffi- cient depth of water for vessels of the largest class, and is not much obstructed by ice. The lumber trade lias been long and successfully car- ried on here. The lower ferry across the Pe- nobscot crosses at tliis place. It has 5 for. com. houses, cap. $35,000 ; 18 ret. stores, cap. $50,000; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 8 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $15,700. 2 acad. 65 students, 15 sch. 1,371 scholars. Pop. 3,015. Bucksvii.le, p-o., Horry dist., S. C, 187 e. Columbia, 477 W. Buck Tooth, p-o.. Little Valley t, Cattarau- gus comity, N. Y. BucYRUs, p-t., capital of Cmwford county, O., 62 N. Columbus, 406 W. Situated on the s. bank of the Sandusky river, and on the Columbus and Sanduky turnpike. The town is large, populous, and well cultivated, containing considerable rich prairie land. The village has a brick court house and a U. S. land office, and is flourishing, containing over 800 inhabitants. There are m the town 9 sch. 592 scholars. Pop. 1,634. BuELL, p-o., Montgomery county, N. Y., 62 n. w. by vv. Albany, 387 W. BuELLS Lowell, t., Washington county, O. Pop. 71. ^ Buffalo, cily and p-t., port of entry, and capi- tal of Erie county, N. Y., lies on the outlet of Lake Erie, at the head of Niagara river, and on Buffalo creek, which constitutes its harbor, 288 vv. Al- bany, 363 by the Erie canal ; 73 w. Rochester, 22 s. s. E. Niagara Falls, 103 e. Cierveland, O., 381 W. Pop. 1810, 1,508; 1820, 2,095; 1830, 8,653 ; 1840, 18,213. Employed in commerce, 771 ; in manufactures and trades, 1,851 ; in navi- gating the ocean, 71 ; canals, lakes, and rivers, 347; learned professions and engineers, 211 ; 1 academy with 64 students; 28 common and primary schools, with 2,676 scholars. The land rises, by a very gentle ascent, 2 miles from the water to an extended plain, and from the eleva- ted parts of the city are fine views of the lake, of Niagara river, of the Erie canal, and the Canada shore. The city has broad and regular streets. Main-street is 2 miles long, and 120 feet wide, and is splendidly built with large stores, dwell- ings, and hotels, and presents a very imposing appearance ; and other parts of the city are built with neatness and taste. There are 3 public squares, which add much to the salubrity and beauty of the city. The public buildings of the city are a court house, jail, and county clerk's oflice, 2 markets, in the second story of one of which are the city offices; 17 churches, of which the Presbyterians have 3, the Episcopalians 2, the Baptists 1, the German Protestants 3, the Methodists 1, the Ro- man Catholics 2, the Unitarians 1, the Universal- ists 1 ; there are also 1 Bethel and 2 African churches. There are an orphan asylum, 2 bank- ing houses, an insurance company, a theatre, and several hotels, of which the American is one of the finest in the country. Among the useful in- stitutions of the city, the Young Mens' Associa- tion, who have a choice library of 3,500 volumes, and the public schools, under the control of the common council, for the education of the whole population, without charge for tuition, dosei-ve to be mentioned. Buffalo stands as a great gate between the East and the West, through which much of their commerce must pass ; and it is a great depot for the western country. The harbor of Buffalo is spacious and safe, having 12 or 14 feet of water a mile from its en- trance into the lake ; but it originally had a bar across its mouth. To obviate this, and the better to protect the harbor, a pier has been constructed of wood and stone, by the United States, extend- ing 1,500 feet from the s. side of the month of the creek, xipon the end of which a light-house is erected, 20 feet in diameter at its base, and 40 feet high. This pier operates as a breakwater, and, by confining tlie creek, has served to clear its channel, so that vessels drawing 8 feet of wa- ter pass freely. But the greatest difficulty of the harbor of Buffalo arises from the accumulation of ice, on the brealung up of the lake, driven into it by the strong westerly winds, so that it often remains obstructed after the lake is clear. There are 50 or 60 steamboats, and 300 schooners and other craft which navigate Lake Erie and the connected lakes, engaged in the commerce between Buffalo and the west. The tonnage in 1840, was 4,916. The arrivals of steamboats and other vessels in 1840, were, 4,061 ; clearances, 4,851. The amount of property sent e. on the Erie canal from BufTalo, at the same date, was 177,607 tons. The amount of goods, including domestic manufactures, salt, &c., re- ceived by the canal, and shipped to the west, was 93,733 tons. Tolls received amounted to $376,417. Buffalo is connected with Black Rock, and with Niagara Falls, by railroads. There were in 1840, 23 for. commission houses, cap. $94,000; 231 ret. stores, cap. $736,335; 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 pottery, 4 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 oil m., 10 printing offices, 5 daily, 4 weekly, 1 semi-week- ly newspapers, and 6 periodicals. Cap. in man- BUL 89 BUR iifac. $630,300. It was originally laid out by the Holland Land Company, in 1801. It was entirely burned by the British in 1814, except- ing 2 buildings. It then contained 200 dwellings. The inhabitants, however, received $80,000 from Congress as a compensation for their losses. The commencement of the rapid growth and great importance of this place may be dated from the opening of the Erie canal, though as the eastern limit of lake navigation it was gradually rising before that event. Buffalo, t., Armstrong county, Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $1,900; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 8 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,000. 1 sch. 22 scholars. Pop. 1,820. Buffalo, p-t., Wasliington county, Pa., 217 w. Harrisburg, 243 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,800. 8 sch. 220 scholars. Pop. 1,116. Buffalo, p-t., Guernsey co., O., 87 e. Colum- bus, 319 W. Pop. 1,627. Buffalo, p-o., Mason co., Va., 347 n. n. w. Richmond, 384 W. Situated on the E. bank of Great Kanawha r. Buffalo, p-v., Cleveland co., N. C, 190 Ra- leigh, 427 W. Buffalo, p-o., Perry county, Tenn., 92 s. w. Nashville, 769 W. Buffalo, p-o., Polk county. Mo. Buffalo, t., l^e county, Mo. Pop. 2,174. Buffalo, t., Morgan co.. Mo. Pop. 188. Buffalo, t., Marion county, Ark. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. Pop. 91. Buffalo, v., capital of Niangua co.. Mo., on the Buffalo Heart Prairie, 3 miles w. of the Niangua r. Buffalo, t., Butler county, Pa. Drained by Thorn, Great and Little Buffalo creeks. It has 6 stores, cap. $5,610 ; 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 4 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $1,675. 9 sch. 495 schol- ars. Pop. 1,820. Buffalo, t.. Perry county. Pa. The surface is hilly and the soil slate. Situated on the w. bank of the Susquehanna river, across which is a ferry. It has 5 stores, cap. $17,000; 1 rope iac, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,745. 7 sch. 247 scholars. Pop. 948. Buffalo, b.. Perry coimty. Pa. Situated on Susquehanna river, 5 miles above the entrance of Juniata river. Here is a ferry. It contains 1 Presbyterian church, 2 stores, and 25 dwellings, 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 147. Buffalo Cross Road.s, p-o., Union co., Pa., 75 N. by w. Harrisburg, 185 W. Buffalo Ford, p-o.. Wythe county, Va., 266 w. s. w. Richmond, 333 W. Buffalo Forge, p-o., Rockbridsie county, Va., 152 w. by x. Richmond, 196 W.^ Buffalo Grove, p-o., Ogle county, 111., 173 N. Springfield, 836 W. Buffalo Hide, p-o., Grainger county, Tenn., 21 1 E. Nashville, 471 W. Buffalo Hill, p-o.. Orange county, N. C, 43 N. w. Raleigh, 269 W. Buffalo Ru.n, p-o., Centre county. Pa., 91 n. w. Harrisburg, 183 W. Buford, p-o., Highland county, Ohio, 90 s. s. w. Columbus, 457 W. Buford's, p-o., Bedford county, Va., 156 w. by s. Richmond, 230 W. Buford"s Bridge, p-o., Barnwell district, S. C, 88 s. s. w. Columbia, 594 W. Bulger, p-o., Washington county. Pa., 223 w. Harrisburg, 247 W. Bull Creek, p-o., Wood county, Va., 321 n. w. Richmond, 292 W. It contains 1 Baptist church and several mills. BuLLBONus GnovE, p-o., Will county, 111., 168 N. N. E. Springfield, 710 W. BuLLiT, county, Ky., situated in the N. part of the state, on Salt river. It contains 250 square miles. Watered by a branch of Salt r. The surface in the n. e. part is uneven, and the soil fertile. Salt is made in the county. Capital, Shepherdsville. There were in 181(3, neat cattle 6,379, sheep 8,821, swine 20,988; wheat 39,681 bushels produced, rye 3,561, Ind. corn 246,655, oats 77,105, potatoes 6,452, tobacco 2,540 pounds, sugar 12,171, 6 stores, cap. $24,6(Xt; 5 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 1 brewery, vflouringm., 18 grist m., 9 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $34,500. Pop. whites 4,996, slaves 1,320, free colored 18 ; total, 6,334. Bullock, county, Ga., in the s. e. part of the state, on the Ogeechee r. It contains 800 square miles. It has the Cannouchee r. on the s. vv., a branch of which runs through the county. Capital, Statesboro'. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,013, sheep 1,621, swine 6,145; wheat 2,974 bushels produced, Ind. com 39,509, oats 1,877, potatoes 12,416 ; 1 store, cap. $600 ; 12 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,070. 1 sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 1830, 2,587; 1840, whites 2,147, slaves 955; total, 3,102. Bullocks, p-o., Granville county, N. C, 56 N. Raleigh, 272 W. BuLLOcKTOw.v, p-v., Quceu Anne co., Md., 64 e. Annapolis, 104 W. Bull Pasturf., p-o., Bath co., Va., 161 w. n. w. Richmond, 188 W. Bull Run, p-o., Grainger co., Tenn., 213 e. Nashville, 492 W. Bull Skin, p-o., Gallia co., O., Ill s. s. e. Columbus, 369 W. BuLLTowN, p-o., Braxton co., Va., 306 w. n. w. Richmond, 274 W. BuLLviLLE, p-o., Crawford t., Orange co., N. Y., 103 s. by w. Albany, 288 W. Buncombe, county, N. C, in the vv. part of the state, contains 2,000 sq. ms. It occupies a broad valley, between 2 ridges of the Alleghany mountaing. Drained by French Broad r. and its tributaries, and by Nolachucky r. The country is elevated, the surface very much broken, and the soil is chiefly adapted to grazing. It is a verj' healthy region. Capital, Ashville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,596, sheep 9,803, swine 20,552; wheat 22,903 bushels produced, rye 9,251, Ind. corn 304,271, oals 68.544, pota- toes 21,308, tobacco 8,619 pounds, 9 stores, cap. .$41,450 ; 5 tanneries, 62 distilleries, 36 grist m., 25 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. ui manufac. $38,533. 1 acadi. 15 students, 1 sch. 10 scholars. Pop. 1830, 16,259 ; 1840, whites 8,798, slaves 1,199, free col'd 87; total, 10,084. Bundysburg, p-v., Parkman t., Geauga co., O., 166 N. E. Columbus, 325 W. Bunker Hill, p-o., Bucks co.. Pa., 102 e. by N. Harrisburg, 171 W. Bunker Hill, p-o., Bedford co., Va., 148 w. by s. Richmond, 223 W. Bunker Hill, p-o., Jefferson county, Flor. Bunker Hill, t., Ingham co., Mich. Pop. 93. BuRBANK, p-o., Wayne county, Ohio, 109 n. e. Columbus, 360 W. BuRBOiSE, t.. Gasconade co., 3Io. Pop. 316. Burdett, p-v.. Hector t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 184 w. by s. Albany, 307 W. It contains 2 churches, 3 stores, and 400 inhabitants. Burdsfield, p-o., Bedlbrd county. Pa., 117 w. s. w. Harrisburg, 144 W. BUR 90 BUR Bureau, county, 111., toward the n. part of the state, contains 648 square miles. The surface is undulating, but in some parts level, and in some parts it is swampy. It has some prairie land, and some groves of timber. Watered by Bu- reau creek. Capital, Princeton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,001, .sheep 2,067, swine 12,056 ; wheat .55,724 bushels produced, Indian corn 120,389, oats 51,860, potatoes 35,112; 6 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 29,776. 1 acad. 45 students, 13 sch. 321 scholars. Pop. 3,067. Burgess's Store, p-o., Nothumberland co., Va., 107 N. N. E. Richmond, 166 W. BuRGETTSTOWN, po., Washington co.. Pa., 227 W. Harrisburg, 250 W. Burke, p-t., Caledonia county, Vt., 51 n. e. Montpelier, 561 W. Watered by branches of Pasumpsic river, which afford good water power. Burke mountain, in the s. e. part of the town, is 3,500 feet high. It was chartered in 1782 — first settled in 1790. The surface i.s imeven, and the soil is generally good. Oil stones of a superior quality, from an island in Lake Memphremagog, are manufactured here. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,630. 10 schools, 332 scholars. Pop. 997. Burke, county, N. C, in the w. part of the state. Watered by Catavvba r. and its branches. It contains 1,625 sq. miles. The surface is ele- vated, though a mountain valley, and the soil is generally fertde. Capital, Morgantown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,529, sheep 12,653, swine 39,556 ; wheat 45,976 bushels produced, rye 14,753, Ind. corn 620,996, oats 77,691, pota- toes 37,809, tobacco 17,718 lbs., cotton 43,644; 20 stores, capital $57,400; gold, value produced, $38,122; 11 tanneries, 183 distilleries, 8 flouring m., 66 grist m., 32 saw m., 3 oil m. Cap. in manu- fac. $50,530. 1 acad. 25 students, 8 schools, 204 scholars. Pop. 1830, 17,727 ; 1840, whites 12,319, slaves 3,216, free col'd 264 ; total, 15,799. Burke, county, Ga., in the e. part of the state, on Savannah r. It has an area of 1,200 square miles. The Ogeechee river bounds it on the s. Watered also by Brier cr., a branch of the Savan- nah r. Capital, Waynesboro. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,956, sheep 4,756, swine 26,728 ; wheat 7,698 buish. prod., rye 800, Ind. corn 508,503, oats 10,877, potatoes 35,465, rice 6G5 pounds, cotton 6,359,303 ; 15 stores, capital $71,741 ; 36 grist m., 22 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $25,400. 1 acad. 25 students, 5 schools, 103 scholars. Pop. 1830, 11,833; 1840, whites 4,609, slaves 8,403; free col'd 159; total, 13,176. Burke Garden, p-o., Tazewell co., Va., 274 w. by .s. Richmond, 310 W. Burksville, p-v.. Prince Edward co., Va., 81 s. w. by w. Richmond, 176 W. Burksville, p-v., capital of Cumberland co., Ky., 124 w. by s. Frankfort, 637 W. Situated on the w. bank of Cumberland river. BuRKETSviLLE, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 92 N. w. Annapolis, 60 W. BuRLiNGUAM, p-v., Mamakatiug t., Sullivan CO., N. Y. It contains 2 stores, 1 Methodist church, 1 tannery, 30 dwellings, and 175 inhabi- tants. BuRLiNGHAM, p-v., Bedford t., Meigs co., O., 86 s. E. Columbus, 341 W. Burlington, county, N. J., lies chiefly on the Delaware r., but extends across the state, to the Atlantic ocean. The soil is chiefly alluvial, consisting of sand, gravel, loam and clay, vari- ously mixed. It furnishes valuable pine timber, and bog iron ore. Marl abounds, particularly in the w parts. Watered by Assunpiiik, Cross- wick's, Black's, Craft's, Assiscunk, Rancocus, and Pensauken creeks, which flow into the Del- aware. In Springfield t. is a well, which con- verts wood into stone. Blacks of hickory, cut in the form of hones, have been converted into stone in 5 years. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 16,863, sheep 15,102, swine 20,396; wheat 90,836 bush, produced, rye 253,346, Ind. corn 577,520, buckwheat 39,542, oats 197,180, potatoes 193,126; 129 stores, cap. $364,450 ; 4 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 2,500 sp. ; 1 dyeing and printing est., 3 furnaces, 7 tanneries, 19 distille- ries, 3 potteries, 3 paper fac, 34 grist m., 46 saw m., 1 printing office, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $807,670. 6 acad. 135 students, 101 sch. 7,125 scholars. Pop. 1830, 31,066 ; 1840, 32,831. Burlington, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 120 n. E. Augusta, 713 W. It has a fertile soil, produ- cing good crops of wheat, and contains 3 sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 350. BuRLiNCiTON, p-t., port of entry, and capital of Chittenden co., Vt., 40 w. N. w. MontpeUer, 80 s. s. E. Montreal, L. C, 22 s. e. Plattsburg, 75 N. Whitehall, 513 W. Situated in 44° 27' n. lat. and 73° 10' w. Ion. Pop. 1830, 3,525 ; 1840, 4,271. This beautiful village is situated on a bay which, in the form of a regular curve, sets up a little on the e. side of Lake Champlain. Toward the s. part of the village, the shore is low, but toward the n. it rises to a high bluff, on the level top of which, the barracks for the U. S. soldiers were situated during the last war, and on the brow of which, was a powerful bat- tery. From the s. part of the village, the ground rises, by a gradual slope, for the distance of a mile, to its eastern boundary, which is 250 feet above the level of the lake. The streets ex- tend from E. to w. to the lake shore, and are crossed by others at right angles, dividing the whole into regular squares. Near the centre of the village is a handsome public square, on which the court house is situated. The village contains many elegant houses, generally sur- rounded by shrubbery, with fine gardens in the rear ; and many large and commodiou.^ stores and warehouses. It lias a rich and extensive back country, and is the largest and most commercial place in the state. A steamboat from While- hall to St. Johns, stops daily at this place. There are 3 substantial wharves, and on Juni- per Island, which contains about 11 acres of ground, and 4 miles from the shore, is a light- house. The U. S. have also erected a break- water here, as a protection against westerly winds. The lake is here 10 miles across, with several islands in view ; and a more beautiful sheet of water cannot well be conceived. The view from the cupola of the college, as respects natural scenery, is second to none in the United Stales. In addition to the beautiful village, the meanderings of Onion river, the broad water view of the lake with its islands, its vessels, and it.s steamboats ; it has in front, on the opposite shore of the lake, in the state of New York, the grand Adirondack mountains, nearly or quite as high as the White mountains ; and on the e., in full view, the Green mountains, with their two highest peaks, Camels Rump, and Mansfield mountain. This mountain scenery elevates the beautiful into the sublime, and contributes to form an assemblage of objects which never be- comes tame by familiarity. The buildings of the University of Vermont, 4 in number, are on high ground at the e. side of the village. This institution was founded in 1791, and received as an endowment from iho BUR 91 BUR state about 30,000 acres of land, located in the various towns granted by the state of Vermont. It has a President and 5 professors, or other in- structors, 241 alumni, 110 students, and 9,200 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the first Wednesday in August. It has a medical department attached to it, and is flour- ishing. Here is a court house, a jail, 2 banking houses, 6 churches, for Congregationalists, Episcopalians, Unitarians, Methodists, and Roman Catholics, some of which are elegant buildings, an acade my and a female seminary, which are fine edi- fices. About a mile and a half N. E. of the court house, is a fine manufacturing village, on the falls of Onion r., denominated Winooski city. Beside rapids, the river here has a perpendicu- lar fall of about 20 feet, and aflTords a great water power. Tliis village is situated partly in Burlington, and partly in Colchester, and the parts are connected by a fine covered bridge across Onion r. The mills and manufactories of this place are already considerable. The t. contains some good land, and some less fertile. The first had a natural growth of hard wood, and the latter of pine. The first permanent settlement was made in 1783. It has 49 stores, cap. $332,830 ; 1 tannery, 1 rope fac, 1 brewery, 1 glass fac, 1 pottery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 3 printing offices, 2 weekly news- papers. Cap. in manufac. $84,403. 1 acad. 104 students, 17 sell. 835 scholars. Burlington, p-t., Middlesex co., Mas., 13 n. w. by N. Boston, 453 W. Watered by a branch of Shawsheen r. It has a light soil. It contains 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,100. 4 sch. 180 scholars. Pop. 510. Burlington, p-t, Hartford co., Ct., 19 w. Hartford, 339 W. Watered by Farmington r. and its branches. The surface is diversified, and the soil a gravelly loam. It has 2 stores, cap. $400 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 tan- nery, 3 distilleries, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,500. 9 sch. 335 scholars. Pop. 1,201. Burlington, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 79 w. Albany, 356 W. The suriace is rolling, and the soil a fertile gravelly loam. At the v., are a church, 2 stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings. There are in the t., 7 stores, cap. $25,500 ; 4 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 4 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $42,405. 13 sch. 558 scholars. Pop. 2,154. Burlington, city, p-t., and port of entry, Burlington co., N. J., 12 s. Trenton, 17 n. e. Philadelpliia, 15G W. 40° 5' 10" n. lat. and 72° 52' 37" w. Ion. Pop. 1830, 2,670 ; 1810, 3,434. It is pleasantly located on the e. bank of the Delaware. Encircled on the s. and e. by a small stream, so as to form an island, H mile long and i m. wide, connected with the main land by 4 bridges and causeways. It has 6 churches, 1 Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Friends, 2 Methodist and 1 Baptist, a city hall, a lyceum, a bank, a library, three extensive boarding schools, and a free school, established in 1682. It is regularly laid out, with streets intersecting each other at right angles. The bank of the river is a beautiful grassy plain, bordered by elegant dwellings, chiefly country seats of gen- tlemen of Philadelphia. The residence of the Bishop of New Jersey is a handsome Gothic structure. Burlington was founded in 1678, and incorporated as a city in 1784. Tonnage, 1840, 3,851. It has 15 stores, cap. $57,500; 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $89,650. 1 acad. 40 students, 9 sch. 480 scholars. Burlington, p-t., Bradford co., Pa., 144 n. Harrisburg, 254 W. The surface is hilly, and soil gravelly loam. Drained by Sugar cr. and j its branches. It has 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,445. I 7 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 1,118. 1 Burlington, p-v., Fayette t., capital of Law- rence CO., O. Situated on the n. bank of Ohio r., at the extreme s. point of the state. It contains a court hou.se, a jail, 2 churches, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist, a steam saw mill, 2 carding machines, and various manufactories. Burlington, p-t., Calhoun co., Mich., Ill w. Detroit, 572 W. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,050. 4 sch. 84 scholars. Pop. 411. Burlington, p-v., Hampshire co., Va., 198 N. w. Richmond, 126 W. It has a church, free to all denomuiations, 1 store, and several me- chanic shops. Burlington, p-v., capital of Boone co., Ky., 82 N. by E. Frankfort, 508 W. Burlington, p-v., Carroll co., la., 53 n. n. w. Indianapolis, 611 W. Burlington, p-o., Racine co., Wis., 82 s. e. Madison, 791 W. Burlington, p-v., capital of Des Moines co., Iowa, 871 W. It is handsomely situated on the w. bank of the Mississippi, 1,429 ms. above New Orleans, and 248 above St. Louis. It is sur- rounded by hills, to which the ground rises by a gentle acclivity, aflitrding many commanding situations on the high grounds. It is regularly laid out, and has a court house, and jail, and several commodious brick churches, and many neat privote residences. It has 2 steam ferry boats. The commerce of the place is consider- able. It contains a U. S. land office, between 20 and 30 stores, and a variety of mechanical and manufacturing establishments. It has 2 printing offices, each of which issues a weekly news- paper. Burlington, t., Licking co., O. It has 5 sch. 284 scholars. Pop. 1,222. Burlington, t., Calhoun co., Mich. Burlington Flats, p-o., Burlington t., Otsego CO., N. Y., 83 w. Albany, 360 W. Burnington, t., Sluawassee co., Mich. Pop. 403. Burnersville, p-o., Lewis co., Va., 231 n. w. Richmond, 213 W. Burns, t., Allegany co., N. Y., 237 w. by s. Albany. The surface is broken ; soil, a fertile clay loam. Drained by Canaseraga cr. It con- tains 3 stores, cap. $12,000; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,800. 7 sch. 299 scholars. Pop. 867. Burns, t., Shiawassee co., Mich. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 257. BuRNETTSTON, t., Franklin co., Mass. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,650. 6 sch. 252 scholars. Pop. 992. BuRNH.vM, p-t., Waldo CO., Me., (post office called Burnham village,) 34 e. Augusta, 630 W. It has 1 store, cap. $3,0iJ0 ; 1 tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,800. 7 sch. 266 scholars. Pop. 602. BuRNSiDE, p-t., Clearfield co., Pa., 156 n. w. Harrisburg, 234 W. Pop. 556. BuRNSviLLE, p-o., Yanccy co., N. C, 245 Raleigh, 475 W. BuRNSviLLE, p-o., Dallas ro., Ala. Burnt C.\bins, p-o., Bedford co., Pa., 67 w. s. w. Harrisburg, 111 W. BUS 92 BUT Burnt Corn, p-o., Monroe co., Ala., 142 s. Tuscaloosa, 934 W. Burnt Hills, p-o., Ballston t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 25 N. Albany, 393 W. Burnt Ordinary, p-o., James City co., Va., 46 E. by. s. Richmond, 163 W. Burnt Prairie, p-v., Wliite co., 111., 155 s. s. E. Springfield, 761 W. Burnt Tavern, p-o., Monmouth co., N. J., 27 E. by s. Trenton, 193 W. Burnt Tavern, p-o., Garrard co., Ky., 49 s. by e. Frankfort, 547 W. Burrilville, p-t.. Providence co., R. I., 19 N. w. Providence, 398 W. Watered by Branch r., a tributary of Blackstone r., which affords good water power. The soil is rough, but adapt- ed to grazing. It has 4 stores, cap. $13,869; 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,056 sp., 5 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $39,860. 10 sch. 448 scholars. Pop. 1,982. Burr Oak Grove, p-o., Stephenson co., 111., 215 N. Springfield, 847 W. Burr Oak, p-t., St. Joseph co., Mich., 128 s. w. Detroit, 576 W. It has 5 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 286. Burr's Mills, p-o., Jefferson co., N. Y., 166 N. w. Albany, 411 W. BuRRsviLLE, p-v., Caroline co., Md., 71 e. AnnapoUs, 111 W. BuRSHLEY Creek, p-o., Cattahoola par., La., 251 N. vv. N. Orleans, 1,165 W. Burnt Quarters, p-o., Dinwiddie co., Va., 44 s. by w. Richmond, 163 W. Bursonville, p-o., Bucks co.. Pa., 119 e. Harrisburg, 184 W. Burton, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 297 w. by s. Albany, 312 W. Watered by Alleghany r. and its tributaries. The line of the New York and Erie railroad passes through the t. Pop. 530. Burton, p-t., Geauga co., O., 165 n. e. Colum- bus, 330 W. Watered by the head branches of Cuyahoga r. It has 6 stores, cap. §6,800 ; 3 grist m., 7 saw m., 5 sch. 357 scholars. Pop. 1,022. Burton, t., Luzerne co., Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 2 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,000. Pop. 733. Burton, p-o., Parke co., la , 78 w. Indianapo- lis, 649 W. Burton, p-o., Adams co.. 111. Burtons, p-o., Tishamingo co.. Miss. Burtonsville, p-o., Charleston t., Montgo- mery CO., N. Y. Burtonsville, p-o., Greene co., Va., 89 Richmond, 109 W. BuRTONTON, p-o., Copiah co., Miss., 59 s. by w. Jackson, 1,076 W. BuRWELL Bay, p-o.. Isle of Wliite co., Va., 69 s. E. Richmond, 192 W. BusBAYviLLE, p-o., Houston CO., Ga., 47 s. s. w. MiUedgeviUe, 703 W. Busbee's Store, p-o.. Wake co., N. C, 9 Ra- leigh, 397 W. Bush Creek, p-o., Bureau co.. 111., 131 Spring- field, 802 W. Bush Creek, t., Wasliington co.. Ark. Pop. 298. Bush Creek, t., Sciota co., O. It has 2 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 401. BusHKiLL, p-o.. Pike co., Pa., 142 n. e. Harris- burg, 236 W. BusiiKiLL,t., Northampton co., Pa. Watered by Bushkill cr. The surface is hilly ; the soil, white gravel, red shale and slate, and moderately fertile. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 forge, 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. m manufac. $3S,506. 3 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 1,716. Bushnell's Basin, p-v., Perrinton t., Monroe CO., N. Y., 217 w. by n. Albany, 366 W. Situa- ted on the Erie canal, and has 1 Presbyterian church, 2 stores, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Bush's Mills, p-o., Lewas co., Va., 291 n. w. Richmond, 259 W. Bush's Store, p-o., Laurel co., Ky., 107 s. s. E. Frankfort, 552 W. BusHwicK, t.. Kings co., N. Y., 3 e. Brooklyn, 148 s. Albany. The surface is somewhat bro- ken, and the soil moderately good, and well cul- tivated. Drained by Newtown cr. It has 10 stores, cap. $33,000 ; 4 ropewalks. Products of the dairy, $13,200. Cap. in manufac. $55,000. 6 sch. 155 scholars. Pop. 1,295. Buskirk's Bridge, p-v., Cambridge t., Wash- ington CO., N. Y., 29 N. by e. Albany, 399 W. Situated on Hoosick r., and has 2 stores, 1 Dutch Reformed church, and about 200 inhabitants. Here is a bridge across Hoosick r. BiisKviLLE, p-o., Franklin co., Ga., 109 N. by E. MiUedgeviUe, 618 W.' BusROEN Mills, p-o., Sullivan co., la., 89 s. w. Indianapolis, 659 W. BusTi, p-t., Chatauque co., N. Y., 323 w. by s. Albany, 336 W. The surface is hilly and broken, and the soil good. 16 sch. Pop. 1,894. BusTLETON, p-v., Philadelphia co., Pa., 110 e. by s. Harrisburg, 11 n. e. Philadelphia, 150 W. Butler, county, Pa., in the w. part of the state, contains 800 sq. ma. Alleghany r. touches the CO. in the n. e. and s. e. angle. Drained by Shppery Rock and Connequenessing creeks and their branches, which flow w. into Beaver river. The surface is uneven, but the soil is iertile, and adapted both to grain and to grazing. Capital, Butler. There were in 1840, neat cattle 26,051, sheep 51,191, swine 40,144 ; wheat 254,914 bush, produced, rye 107,703, Ind. corn 125,097, buck- wheat 91,261, oats 629,179, potatoes 286,158; 59 stores, cap. $172,850 ; 3 furnaces, 3 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 22 tanneries, 13 distilleries, 2 pow- der m., 5 potteries, 54 grist m., 64 saw m., 4 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $249,662. 2acad. 119 students, 131 sch. 5,252 scholars. Pop. 1830, 14,6S3; 1840, 22,378. Butler, county, Ala., in the s. part of the state, contains 1,000 sq. ms. Drained by branch- es of Conecuh r. The surface is undulating, and the soil moderately productive. Capital, Green- ville. There were in 1810, neat cattle 5,550, sheep 1,112, swine 10,757; wheat 3,198 bushels produced, Ind. corn 116,766, oats 4,293, potatoes 8,392, rice 500 pounds, cotton 696,302 ; 14 stores, cap. $55,500 ; 1 cotton fac. 934 sp., 4 tanneries, 23 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $41,850. 6 auad. 236 students, 9 sch. 233 scholars. Pop. 1830, 5,650 ; 1810, whites 6,192, slaves 2,470, free col'd 23 ; total, 8,685. Butler, county, Ky., central in the w. part of the state. Watered by Green r., which is nav- igable through this county. It contains 570 sq. ms. Capital, Morgantown. There were in 1840, neatcattle5,784, sheep 4,978, swine 2 1,564 ; wheat 15,313 bush, produced, Ind. corn 183,088, oats 35,424, potatoes 4,103, tobacco 170,776 pounds, cotton 16,109, sugar 10,254, 6 stores, cap. $15,300 ; 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 7 grist m., 1 acad. 51 students, 3 sch. 98 scholars. Pop. 1830, 3,058; 1840, whites 3,379, slaves 515, free col'd 4 ; total, 3,893. Butler, county, O., in the s. w. part of the state, contains 480 sq. ms. The Miami r. and Miami canal cross it, and it is a populous and wealthy CO. Capital, Hamilton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 21,00-!, slieep 29,172, swine 68,828 ; wheat 318,720 bush, produced, rye 29,291, Indian com 2,243,561, buckwheat 1,760, barley BUT 93 BYR 12,656, oats 550,990, potatoes 46,035, sugar 3S,H6'J pounds ; 121 stores, cap. $208,420 ; 2 lumberyards, cap. $6,200 ; 1 fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 10 tan- neries, 49 distilleries, 2 breweries, 3 potteries, 17 flouring m., 21 grist m., 33 saw ni., 4 oil m., 2 pa- per fac, 3 printing offices, 1 daily, 2 weekly news- papers. Cap. in inanufac. $196,775. 2 colleges, 254 students, 1 acad. 62 students, 79 sch. 3,237 scholars. Pop. 1830, 27,044 ; 1840, 28,173. Butler, p-t., Wayne co., N. Y., 178 w. n. w. Albany, 358 W. The surface is rolling, and the soil a gravelly loam. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in nianufac. $1,500. 11 sch. 735 scholars. Pop. 2,271. BuTLKii, p-b., capital of Butler co., Pa., 203 n. N. w. Ilarrisbiirg, 245 W. Situated on Conneque- nessing cr. It has a handsome court house, situ- ated on a public square, the county offices, a well endowed academy, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Unionist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Ro- man Catholic — and about 100 dwellings, 13 stores, cap. $61,850 ; 3 tanneries, 1 pottery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. inmanufac. $30,100. 2 acad. 119 students, 2 sch. 125 schol- ars. Pop. 861. Butler, t., Butler co., Pa. It has 1 tannery, I brewery, 2 powder m., 4 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $41,702. 14 sch. 359 scholars. Pop. 1,384. Butler, t., Luzerne co.. Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000; 1 flouring m., 9 saw m. Capital in manufac. 7,100. 2 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 514. Butler, p-o., De Kalb co., la., 145 n. n. e. In- dianapolis, 553 W. Butler, t.. Branch co., Mich. Watered by Hog r. It has 3 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 234. Butler, t., Columbiana co., O. It has 7 sch. 39 scholars. Pop. 1,711. Butler, t., Dark co., O. Pop. 1,116. Butler, t., Mercer co., O. Pop. 178. Butler, t., Montgomery co., O. It contains 5 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 5 dis- tilleries, and 1 woollen fac. Pop. 1,896. Butler's Landixg, p-v., Jacfcon co., Tenn., 85 N. E. Nashville, 636 W., on Cumberland r. 15 ms. from Gainesboro. Butler's Mills, p-o., Montgomery co., N. C, 106 s. w. Raleigh, 380 W. Butlersville, p-o., Wan-en co., O., 94 n. e. Columbus, 466 W. Butterfly, p-o., New Haven t, Oswego co., N. Y., 161 N. w. Albany, 386 W. Butter Hill, a high and steep eminence on the w. of Hudson r. at the n. entrance of the " Highlands." Buttermilk Channel, the passage between Governors Island and Long Island, in the harbor of New York. Buttermilk Falls, N. Y., a picturesque and beautiful cascade on the w. bank of the Hudson r., 2 ms. below West Point. Butternuts, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 94 w.by S. Albany, 341 W. The surface is hilly, and the soil red shale, on slate and sandstone. Drained by Butternut cr. and Unadilla r. It has 8 stores, cap. $39,200 ; 4 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., II saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $98,120. 18 sch. 796 scholars. Pop. 4,057. Butts, county, Ga., in the central part of the state, contains 420 sq. ms. The Ockinulgce river runs on its e. border. Capital, Jackson. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,666, sheep 2,522, swine 15,046: wheat 34,637 bush, produced, rye 562, Indian corn 224,395, oats 28,313, potatoes 5,385, cotton 926,659 pounds ; 24 stores, cap. $63,429 ; 11 grist m., 6 saw m.. 1 acad. 64 students, 4 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 1830, 4,944: 1840, wliites 3,285, slaves 2,022, free col'd 1 ; total, 5,308. BuTZTOWN, p-o., Northampton co., Pa., 97 N. e. Harrisburg, 190 W. Buxton, p-t., York co.. Me., 65 s. w. Augusta, 532 W. Incorporated in 1772. Saco r. runs on its s. w. border, and has here a fall of about 80 feet, which furnishes a very extensive water power. It has 12 stores, cap. $6,650 ; 2 fulling m., 6 tanneries, 1 pottery, 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,133. 15 sch. 1,271 scholars. Pop. 2,688. Buxton Centre, p-o., Buxton t., York co,, Me., 66 s. w. Augusta, 535 W. Buzzard's Bay, lies on the s. coast of Ms., 30 ms. lung, and 7 broad, at an average width. From the head of this bay, a canal has been proposed across Cape Cod, a distance of only 5 ms. This would often save a tedious navigation round the cape ; and it is a wonder that, a work so easily accomplished, has not been effected. Buzzard's Roost, p-o., Franklin co., Ala., 147 N. by w. Tuscaloosa, 800 W. Byberry, p-t., Philadelphia co.. Pa., 113 e. by s. Harrisburg, 155 W. Watered by Poqnessing cr. Soil, sandy loam. First settled in 1682. It has 5 stores, cap. $8,850 ; 2 flouring m., 3 saw m. Cap. in inanufac. $11,500. 1 acad. 26 students, 5 sch. 183 scholars. Pop. 1,055 Byersville, p-o., Sparta t., Livingston co., N. Y., 249 w. Albany, 339 W. Bye.sville, p-o., Guernsey co., O., 82 e. Co- lumbus, 322 W. Byfield, p-v., Essex co., Ms., 35 n. by E.Bos- ton, 468 W. It is a parish partly in Newbury t., and partly in Rowley town. It has a fertile soil, which is under good cultivation. Parker r. has falls, whicli afford good water power. Dummer academy, located here, was founded in 1756, by a handsome donation, and named after its founder, the Lt. Governor of the province. Byram, r., in the s. w. part of Ct., separates this state from the state of N. Y. It enters Long Island Sound. Byram, t., Sussex co., N. J., 8 s. e. Newton. It lies on South Mountain, and the surface is very uneven. Drained by the Musconetcong r., which runs on its s. border. It has 4 stores, cap. $43,000 ; 4 forges, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,360. 8 sch. 224 scholars. Pop. 1,153. Byrd, t., Cape Girardeau co.. Miss. It has 5 sch. 123 scholars. Pop. 2,.575. Byrnville, p-v., Fulton t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 46 w. by s. Albany, 384 W. It contahis 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 12 or 15 dwellings. Byron, p-o., Oxford co., Me., 56s. w. Augusta, 633 W. It has 4 ach. 90 scholars. Pop. 219. Byron, p-t., Genesee co., N. Y., 10 n. e. Bata- via, 243 w. by n. Albany, 384 W. The surface is level, and the soil generally fertile, and well cultivated. Drained by Black cr., which furnish- es water power. It has several sulphur springs. The V. has 3 stores, 2 churches, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 30 dwellmgs, and 200 inhabitants. In the t., are 4 stores, cap. $20,(R)0 ; 2 fulling m., 1 flour- ing m., 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$4,300. 9 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 1,907. Byron, p-v., Sluawassee co., Mich., 72 n. w. Detroit, 589 W. BvRON, p-o., Laporte co., la. Byron, p-v., Ogle co., 111., 187 n. Springfield, 820 W. Byron Forge, p-o., Stewart co., Tenn., 65 n. w. Nashville, 749 W. CAD 94 CAH Cabahatchee, p-o., Macon co., Ala., 133 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 818 W. Cabarrus, county, N. C. Situated in the s. part of the state, containing 300 sq. ms. The surface is broken, and some of it mountainous, and the soil fertile. Drained by the upper sources of Rocky r., which falls into the Yad- kin r. Capital, Concord. There were in 1810, neat cattle 10,816, sheep 9,142, swine 21,600; wheat 86,300 bu.sh. produced, rye 2,031, Ind. corn 418,180, barley 366, oats 51,993, potatoes 17,276, silk cocoons 174 pounds, cotton 4,568,726 ; 15 stores, cap. $78,475 ; value of gold produced, $3,761 ; 1 smelting house, 7 tanneries, 2 distil- leries, 18 flouring m., 20 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .91,800. 4 acad. 107 students, 22 sch. 513 scholars. Pop. 1830, 8,796; 1840, whites 6,971, slaves 2,179, free col'd 109; total, 9,259. Cabell, county, Va., in the w. part of the state, on the Ohio r. It contains about 1,000 sq. ras. Drained by Guyandott r., which runs through it, and Big Sandy r., on its w. border. The .surface is broken, and in some parts moun- tainous, and much of the soil is indiflferent. Capital, Barboursville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,261, sheep 9,631, swine 19,606; wheat 39.327 bush, produced, rye 500, Ind. com 379,121, oats 96,285, potatoes 17,138, .silk co- coons 35 pounds, tobacco 6,375 ; 22 stores, cap. 67,600; 4 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 13 grist m., 8 sawm. Cap. in manufac. $32,3;)0. I acad. 15 .students, 12 sch. 324 scholars. Pop. 183'J, 5,884 ; 1840, whites 7,574, slaves 567, free col'd 22 ; total, 8,163. Cabeen'.s, p-o.. Union co.. Ark., 108 s. Little Rock, 1,173 W. Cabin Creek, p-o., Lewis co., Ky., 92 n. e. Frankfort, 471 W. Cabin Hill, p-o., Andes t., Delaware co., N. Y., 85 s. w. Albany, 345 W. Cabi.'v Point, p-v., Surry co., Va., 43 ,s. E. Richmond, 166 W. Situated near Chipoak cr., and contains a store, and 18 or 20 dwellings. Cabot, p-t., Caledonia, co., Vt., 20 n. e. Mont- pelier, 535 W. Drained by the head waters of Onion r. Some of its waters flow E. into Con- necticut r. The surface is rough, and the soil is chiefly adapted to grazing. Chartered in 1781, and first settled in 1785. It contains a Congre- gational and a Methodist church. It has 4 stores, cap. $10,000; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- neries, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,750. 15 sch. 450 scholars. Pop. 1,440. Cabotville, p-v., Springlield t., Hampden co., Mass., 95 w. by s. Boston, 367 w. Situated on tlie E. side of Connecticut r., at tlve entrance of Chickapee r. It contains 3 churches, 1 Congre- gational 1 Unitari., and IBap. 3 cotton fac, 2 fac. of machinery, and several stores and dwellings. Cache, t., Greene co.. Ark. It has 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 804. Cache, t., Monroe co.. Ark. It has 1 sch. 17 scholars. Pop. 372. Cade's Cove, p-o., Blovmt co., Tenn., 199 e. by S.Nashville, 527 W. Caddo, parish. La. Situated in the n. w. corner of the state, between Red r. on the e. and the Sabine r. on the s. w. The surface is level or slightly uneven, and the soil mo- derately good. It has Caddo lake, a consider- able body of water, in its n. part, and Red r. on its eastern boundary. Capital, Shreveport. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,310, sheep 144, c. I swine 14,927 ; Ind. com 177,515 bush, produced, potatoes 45,230, cotton 2,891,300 pounds; 16 stores, cap. $134,300 ; 1 tannery, 3 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 acad. 45 students, 3 sch. 42 scholars. Pop. whites 2,416, slaves 2,837, free col'd 29 ; total, 5,282. Caddo, t., Clark co.. Ark. Pop. 661. Caddo Cove, t.. Hot Spring co., Ark. It has 1 sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 207. Cadiz, p-t., capital of Harrison co., O., 114 E. N. e. Columbus, 284 W. It is a flourishing agri- cultural t., with a handsome village, where is a large brick court house, 2 large brick Presbyte- rian churches, and a Methodist church. There are in the v., 1 acad. 20 students, 3 sch. 253 scholars. Pop. 1,028. In the t., 1 acad. 25 stu- dents, 5 sch. 327 scholars. Pop. 1,366. Cadiz, p-v., Trigg co., Ky. Situated on the bank of Little r., 9 ms. from Cumberland r. It has a court house, church, and a male and female seminary. It stands on a beautiful eminence, has some trade, particularly in tobacco, and con- tains about 450 inhabitants. Cadiz, p-v., Henry co., la., 45 e. n. k. Indian- apolis, 455 W. Cadron, t., Conway co.. Ark. Pop. 312. Cadvvallader, p-o.. Perry t., iTuscarawas CO., O., 95 E. by N. Columbus, 38 W. Cadvville, p-v., Plattsburg t, Clinton co., N. Y., 173 N. Albany, 548 W. Situated on the Saranac r., and contains 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., and about 25 dwellings. Caesar's Creek, t.. Green co., O. Watered by Caesar's Creek, a branch of the Little Miami r. It is a flourishing agricultural t. It has 2 distilleries. Pop. 1,736. Caernarvon, t., Berks co.. Pa. It has2 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,150. Pop. 830. Caeknarvon, t., Lancaster co.. Pa. It has 7 stores, cap. $21,400; 2 forges, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen factory, 3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 4 floui-ing m., 6 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $9,190. 7 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,590. Cahaba, river, Ala., 120 ms. long. It rises in St. Clair co., and flows s. into the Alabama r., at Cahaba v., in Dallas co., 195 above its junction with the Tombigbee r. Cahaba, p-v., capital of Dallas co., Ala., 92 s. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 853 W. Situated on the w. bank of the Alabama r., just below the junction of the Cahaba r. It contains a court house, jail, a U. S. land office, and several stores and dwellings. Cahokia, p-v., St. Clair co.. 111., 98 s. by w. Springfield, 811 W. Situated on the e. bank of the Mississippi r., 5 s. e. St. Louis. It is an old French settlement, and was one of the earliest in Illinois, having been established about 1683. At the commencement of the revolutionary war, it contained 50 families, and was early the seat of a considerable fur trade. Cahokia, creek. 111., rises in Macoupin co., and empties into the Mississippi r. 2 ms. below the ferry at St. Louis. Through the American bottoms near its mouth, its course is sluggish, and a mill dam backs the water for 15 miles. It formerly passed the village of Cahokia, but a mischievous Frenchman, from some pique against the village, cut a channel from the creek to the Mississippi, which has since become its outlet. Along its borders are GO or 70 mounds, of various shapes and sizes. Cahoes, or Cahoos Falls, on the Mohawk CAL 95 CAL r., N. y., 3 ms. above the mouth of the r. The falls are 70 feet perpendicular, and when the river is full, present a f^rand speclacle. The banks below are formed by perpendicular rocks, about 100 feet high. The Erie canal passes along the s. bank of the r., has a number of locks, and crosses the r. a littlf above the falls, in an aqueduct. About a mile below, the r. is crossed by a bridge, and the Charaplain canal crosses it by means of a dam. Cain, t., "Fountain co., la. It has 602 scholars in schools. Pop. 1,567. Cain's, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa., 56 s. by e. Harrisburg, 131 W. Cain's, p-o., Gwinnett co., Ga., 100 n. n w. Milledgeville, 63^ W. Cainsville, p-o., Wilson co., Tenn., 31 e. oy N. Nashville, 650 W. Ca Ira, p-v., Cumberland co., Va., 57 w. by s. Richmond, 147 W. Situated on Willis's river, which is navigable to Curdsville 12 ms. above this place, 60 ms. from its mouth. It contains a church, free to all denominations, 3 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 tobacco warehouse, and various mechanic shops, 40 dwellings, and about 240 in- habitants. Caiiio, p-t., Green co., N. Y., 10 w. Catskill, 44 s. s. w. Albany, 346 W. The surface of the t. is hilly and mountainous, but the soil in the valleys is fertile. Watered by Catsldll cr. and its tributaries. The v. has 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist churcli, 6 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tan- nery, and 1 hat fac, 60 dwelUugs, and 400 in- habitants. It contains the county poor-house, with a farm of 100 acres attached. There are in the 1. 10 stores, cap. $24,8O0 ; 2 woollen fac, 1 tan- nery, 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manulac. $4S,000. 8 sch. 252 scholars. Pop. 2,862. Cairo, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 115 e. s. e. Columbia, 563 W. Cairo, pv., Henderson co., Ky., 209 w. by s. Frankfort, 736 W. Cairo, p-o., Decatur co., Ga., 209 s. s. w. Mil- ledgeville, 866 W. Situated on Little r. Cairo, p-v., Sumner co., Tenn., 31 n. n. e. Nashville, 662 W. Situated on N. side of Cum- berland r. Cairo, p-v., Alexandria co., 111., 233 s. by e. Springfield, 867 W. It is situated on tlie point of land formed by the junction of the Oliio with the Mississippi r., extending from river to river. The situation is important ; but the ground is low, and liable to be overflowed, wluch Ibmis a great check to its growth and prosperity. Here is in- tended to commence the Great Central rail-road, extending northwardly tlirough the state, with lateral branches. Calabee, p-o., Macon co., Ala. Calais, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 200 e. n. e. Augusta, 786 W. It is situated at the head of na- vigation on the St. Croix or Scho(xUc r., nearly opposite to St. Andrews, N. Brunswick. It has an upper and a lower village, wliich arc about 2 miles apart, and connected by a railroad. The falls in the r. liere alford a very extensive water power. Below the lower I'alls is a bridge, which crosses to the British side. The tide here rises 2J feet, and vessels of the largest class ascend to the lower village. It has 3 for. commercial houses, cap. $370,000 ; 30 stores, cap. $81,005 ; 6 lumber yards, cap. $71,000 ; 1 grist m., 20 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $130,820. 10 sch. 1,217 schol- ars. Pop. 2,934. Calais, p-t., Washington co., Vt., 10 n. e. Montpelier, 526 W. Watered by branches ot Onion r. It is a good grazing t., and several! ponds afford fine trout in great abundance. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 saw ra., 4 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $6,700. 17 sch. 487 scholars. Pop. 1,709. Calais, p-o., Monroe co., O. Calcasieu, river of La., rises in the parish of Natchitoches, s. w. of Red r. ; towards its mouth it expands into a lake, 30 miles long, and from 1 to 10 wide, but contracts again to a river, before its enlrance into the Gulf of Mexit'o. The tide Hows above the head of the lake ; but both the r. and lake are so shallow, as to be of little service ibr navigation. Calcasieu, parish, La. Situated in the vv. part of the state between the Mermentou and Sa- bine rivers. It contams about 5,000 sq. ms. Drained centrally by the Calcasieu rivers. Capital, Lisbon. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 13,557, sheep 552, swine 4,564; Ind. corn 16,670 bush, produced, potatoes 6,3S7, cotton 45,600, sugar 6,000 ; 4 stores, cap. $28,500 ; 1 tan- nery. Cap. in manufac. .$1,575. 2 sch. 28 scholars. Pop. whites 1,319, slaves 482, free col'd 226 ; total, 2,057. Calcutta, p-v., St. Clair t., Columbiana co., O., 163 N. E. Columbus, 270 W. It has 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 135. Caldwell, county, N. C, in the n. w. part of the stale. Drained liy Yadkin r. The sur- face is broken, excepting the bottoms on the r., which are broad and very fertile, producing large crops of gi-ain of all kinds. The Blue Ridge lies on its n. border. Capital, Lenoir. (Organized since the census of 1810.) Caldwell, parish. La., lies on the Ouachitta or Washita r. It contains about 560 sq. ms. On the E. side of the r. the soil is alluvial ; on the w. side, fine hills extend to Red r. Capital, Columbia. Pop. 2,017. Caldwell, county, Ky. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Sur- face generally level ; soil fertile. It has the Tennessee r. on its s. w. boundary, and Cumber- land r. pa.^ses centrally through tiie comity. Cap- ital, Princeton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,191, sheep 10,045, swine 35,189 ; wheat 53,109 bush, produced, rye 2,113, Ind. corn 601,265, oats 101,367, potatoes 15,995, tobacco 2,567,625 pounds, cotton 17,154, sugar 8,205; 29 stores, cap. $130,100; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 6 tanneries, 13 distilleries, 2 potteries, 4 flouring m., 38 grist m., 9 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- paper. Cap. in manufac: $71,192. 1 college, 76 students, 3 acad. 69 students, 16 sch. 377 schol- ars. Pop. whites 8,091, slaves 2,171, free col'd 103 ; total, 10,365. Caldwell, county. Mo. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, contains 432 sq. ms. The surface is level, and the soil fertile. Drained by Shoal cr., and has good water power. Capital, Far West. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,495, sheep 693, swine 5,056 ; wheat 4,079 bush, produced, Ind. corn 62,282, oats 15,190, potatoes 3,510, tobacco 2,950 pounds ; 6 stores, cap. $12,400. Pop. whites 1,397, slaves 61 ; total, 1,458. Caldwell, p-t., Warren co., N. Y., 63 n. Al- bany, 436 W. The t. is hilly and mountainous, The V. is delightfully situated on the s. w.end of Lake George, and contains a court house, jail, county clerk's office, 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 plaster m., situated on Mill brook. It has 35 dwellings, and 200 hdiabitants. The ruins of Fort William Henry and Fort George, fiimous in the history of the French war, are near this place. Lake George, on which a steam- boat runs regularly, between Caldwell and the outlet near Ticonderoga, a distance of 36 miles. CAL 96 CAL presents most romantic scenery, and is greatly resorted to in the summer season, by visiters to Saratoga, and others. Pop. of the t. 693. There are in £he t., 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $9,500. 6 sch. 239 scholars. Pop. 693. Caldwell, p-t., Essex co., N. J., 60 n. n. e. Trenton, 230 W. Drained by Deep and Green brooks, tributaries of the Passaic. It has a num- ber of mills, and considerable manufactures. Tlie surface, excepting along the streams, is roll- ing or mountainous. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 1 fiUling ra., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 166 sp., 1 tannery, 1 bindery, 3 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $36,715. 1 acad. 22 stiadents, 7 sen. 310 scholars. Pop. 2,184. Caldwell, p-o., Greenville dist., S. C, 124 n. w. Columbia, 486 W. Caldwell, p-v., Caldwell par., Louisiana, 283 N. w. JNew Orleans, 1,197 W. Situated on the E. side of Washita r., on the border of Prairie du Lait. Caldwell, p-o., Pulaski co., Ark., 24 Little Rock, 1,089 W. Caledo.ma, county, Vt. Situated toward the N. e. part of the state, and contains 700 sq. ms. Connecticut r. runs on its s. e. border. The E. range of the Green mountains extend.s through its w. part. The surface is high, and the soil is good, and along the streams, is particularly fertile. Pasumpsic r. runs through it, and enters the Connecticut r. The head branches of Onion and Lamoile rivers rise in its w. part. It contains granite, limestone, and a number of sulphur springs. Capital, Danville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 32,668, sheep 100,886, swine 18,991; wheat 52,109 bush, produced, Jnd. corn 52,350, barley 12,291, oats 342,433, rye 1,799, potatoes 1,066,848, hops 2,011 pounds, sugar 665,397 ; 53 stores, cap. ,$212,200 ; 1 furnace, 18 fulling ra., 9 woollen fac, 27 tanneries, 3 potte- ries, 30 grist m., 107 saw m., 3 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $354,790. 4 acad. 322 students, 205 sch. 7,3J8 scholars. Pop. 1840, 21,891. Caledonia, p-t., Livingston co., N. Y., 229 w. Albany, 363 W. The surface is undulating, and the soil, a fertile calcareous loam. Watered by the Genesee r., on the e. On the w. a sjwing sends forth an efficient mill-stream. The v. con- tains 2 chmches, 4 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 brewery, 70 dwellings, and about 450 inhabi- tants. There are in the t., 1 furnace, 5 stores, cap. $19,080 ; 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,800, 12 sch. 521 scholars. Pop. 1,987. Caledonia, p-o., Clearfield co., Pa., 138 n. w. Harrisburg, 230 W. Caledonia, p-v., Moore co., N. C, 85 s. w. Raleigh, 359 W. Caledonia, p-v., Claridon t., Marion co., O., ■ 52 N. Columbus, 408 W. It is situated on the w. branch of Olentangy or Whetstone r., and contains a church, 2 stores, and 18 or 20 dwell- ings. There are some mills in the vicinity. Caledonia, p-v., Lowndes co., Miss., 157 n. E. Jackson, 888 W. Caledonia, p-v., Henry co., Tenn., 124 w. by N. Nashville, 814 W. Caledonia; p-v., Alexander co., 111., 229 s. Springfield, 846 W. Situated on the Ohio, 13 ms. above its junction with the Mississippi. Caledonia, p-v., Washington co.. Mo., 117 s. E. Jefllsrson city, 891 W. Situated on the s. side of Big r., in the midst of a rich mineral region. Caledonia, t., Shiawassee co., Mich. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $5,000. Pop. 114. Calhoun, county, Florida, situated in the s. w. part of the ter., and contains 1,100 sq. m. It lies on the Apalachicola r., and has the Gulf of Mexico on the s. A narrow strip of elevated pine land borders the shore. The soil is sandy. Capital, St. Joseph. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,484, sheep 29, swine 966; Indian corn 4,550 bushels produced, potatoes 4,495, rice 5,000 pounds; 7 com. houses, cap. $51,500; 10 stores, cap. $63,100; 9 lumber yards, cap. $8,550; 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $22,300. 3 acad. 52 students, 5 sch. 103 scholars. Population, 1,142. Calhoun, county, Mich., is central in tlie s. part of the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. Wa- tered by the head branches of the Kalamazoo r., and by St. Joseph's r. Organized in 1833. The surface is undulating, and the soil a rich sandy loam. It has valuable quarries of sandstone on Kalamazoo r., used as a building material. It has extensive water power. Capital, Marshall. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,557, sheep 3,057, swine 18,308 ; wheat 176,630 bushels pro- duced, Ind. corn 140,971, buckwheat 3,388, bar- ley 20,553, oats 179,177, potatoes 132,319, sugar 19,755 pounds ; 33 stores, cap. $212,200 ; 4 distil- leries, 10 (louring m., 5 grist m., 29 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $238,260. 2 acad. 88 students, 96 sch. 2,157 scholars. Pop. 10,599. Calhoun, county. 111., situated in the w. part of the state, between the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. It contains about 240 sq. ms., and con- sists of table land and strips of alluvion, on the Mississippi and Illinois rivers. Capital, Gilead. There were in 1S40, neat cattle 2,705, sheep 860, swine 6,097 ; wheat 2,791 bushels produced, Ind. corn 72,030, buckwheat 205, oats 3,810, potatoes 5,673, sugar 1,460 pounds, tobacco .530; 8 stores, cap. 16,800 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $4,000 ; 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $32,425. 5 schools, 119 scholars. Pop. 1,741. Calhoun, p-v., Anderson dist., S. C, 115 w. N. w. Columbia, 525 W. Calhoun, p-v., Lumpkin co., Ga., ISO n. n. w. MiUedgeville, 639 W. Calhoun, p-v., McMinn co., Tenn., 168 s. w. Knoxville, 569 W. Situated on the n. side of Hiawassec river. Calhoun, p-v., Henry co.. Mo., 117 w. by S. JefTerson city, 1,053 W. Calhoun's Mills, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. C, 94 w.by N. Columbia, 511 W. Caliboge Sound, S. C, sets up from the Atlantic, 7 n. e. of the entrance of Savannah river. California, p-o., Cole co.. Mo., 25 s. w. Jef- ferson city, 961 W. Callaghan's, p-o., Alleghany co., Va., 191 w. by N. Richmond, 228 W. Situated at the junction of the roads leading to the Warm, Sweet, and White Sulphur Springs. Calland's, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 174 vv. s. w. Richmond, 257 W. Callaway, county, Ky. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 600 square miles. It lies on the Tennessee r., which bounds it on the E. Drained by Clark's r., which passes through the middle of it. Capital, Wadesboro. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,227, sheep 7,758, swine 39,520; wheat 54,911 bushels produced, Indian corn 157,818, oats 65,903, potatoes 11,428, tobac- co 143,192 pomids, cotton 93,471, sugar 2,421 ; 16 stores, cap. $42,800; 7 tanneries, 26 distil- leries, 3 (louring m., 10 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,010. 18 sch. 206 scholars. Pop. CAM 97 CAM 1840, whites, 8,870, slaves 911, free colored 13; totnl, 9,791. Callaway, county, Mo., situated in the cen- tral part of the state, and lies on the Missouri r., which bounds it on the s. It contains 760 square miles. The surface is undulating, and the soil excellent. Drained by Big and Little Au Vase creeks. Capital, Fulton. There were hi 1840, neat cattle 11,693, sheep 13,666, swine 29,493; wheat 33,909 bushels produced, rye 1,915, Ind. corn, 331,559, oats 127,057, potatoes 2,6S6, tobac- co 391,312 pounds, sugar 12,353; 24 stores, cap. $116,400; 6 woollen foe, 9 tanneries, 9 distille- ries, 1 rope fac, 5 flouring ra., 34 grist m., 7 saw m., 2 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- paper. Cap. in inanufac. $33,510. 2 acad. 61 students, 40 sch. 964 scholars. Pop. 1830, 6,159 ; 1840, whites 8,601, slaves 3,142, free col'd 22; total, 11,765. Callaway's Mills, p-o., Franklin co., Va., 182 w. s. w. Richmond, 257 W. Callensburg, p-v., Toby t.. Clarion co., Pa., 190 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 276 W. Calumet, county. Wis., situated in the n. e. part of the ter. Winnebago lake lies on its w. border. It contains 300 square ms. Drained by the head branches of Manitowoc r. There were in 1840, neat cattle 255, swine 438; wheat 1,192 bushels produced, Ind. corn 3,619, potatoes 3,803. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. Poj). 275. Calumet Village, p-v., Calumet co.. Wis., 110 N. E. Madison, 957 W. Situated on the E. shore of Lake Winnebago. Calumet, t.. Pike co., Jilo. It has 5 sch. 142 scholars. Pop. 2,743. Calvary, t., Franklin co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 16 scholars. Pop. 779. Calvary, p-o., Athens co., O., 82 s. e. Colum- bus, 348 W. Calvert, county, Md., situated in the s. part of the state, on Chesapeake Bay, which forms its e. boundary. It contains 264 square miles. The siu-face is undulating. Capital, Piince Frederick Town. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,487, sheep 6,601, swine 12,617; wheat 36,932 bushels produced, Ind. corn 166,592, oats 55,775, potatoes 6,056, tobacco 3,689 695 pounds ; 26 stores, cap. $45,520; 25 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,515. 5 acad. 58 students, 8 schools, 175 scholars. Pop. 1830, 8,899 ; 1840, wliites 3,585, slaves 4,270, free col'd 1,474; total, 9,229. Calvin, t., Cass co., Mich. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,100. 1 sch. 44 scholars. Pop. 209. Camak, p-o., Warren co., Ga., 48 n. e. Milledge- ville, 622 W. It is a depot on the Georgia rail- road. C AMANCHE, p-v., and capital of Clinton county, Iowa, 60 E. Iowa city, 912 W. Situated on the w. side of the Mississippi r. Cambria, p-o.,' Luzerne co., Pa., 104 n. n. e. Harrisburg, 215 W. Cambria, county. Pa., central in the w. part of the state, and contains 720 square miles. It occupies a valley between the main branch of the Alleghany mountains and Laurel ridge. The railroad from Hollidaysburg passes over the mountain, on its eastern border, and terminates at Johnstown, in the s. part of this county, connect- ing the parts of the Pennsylvania canal. The surface is rough, and in some parts mountainous, and the soil moderately good. Drained by the head waters of the Kiskiminitas or Connemaugh r., and also of the w. branch of the Susquehanna river. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,518, sheep 11,461, swine 10,769; wheat 31,421 bush. 13 prod., rye 22,704, Indian com 31,943, buckwheat 15,827,barley 1.473, oats 114,470, potatoes 87,856, hops 503 pounds, sugar 27,53 J ; 10 com. houses in for. trade, cap. $5,900; 32 stores, cap. $88,800 ; 2 lumberyards, cap. $1,(X)0; 6 tanneries, 1 brew- ery, 1 pottery, 1 rope fac, 20 grist m., 60 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 vi'eekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $32,852. 71 sch. 269 scholars. Pop. 1830, 7,076; 1840, 11,256. Cambria, p-t., Niagara co., N. Y., 283 w. by N. Albany, 406 W. The surface is generally level, and the soil sandy and calcareous loam. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in man- ufac. $6,050. 17 sch. 759 scholars. Pop. 2,090. Cambria, t., Cambria co.. Pa. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay and sand. Drained by Black Lick cr. and the n. branch of Little Connemaugh r. Ebensburg b., in this t., is the capital of the CO. It has a commanding situation on the Alle- ghany mountains, and contains 3 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Congregationalist, and 1 Roman Catho- lic — and about 40 dwellings. The t. has 7 si ores, cap. $23,800 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 week- ly paper, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,830. 8 sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 1,156. Cambria, p-o., Hillsdale co., Mich. Cambridge, p-t., Somerset co., Me., 63 n. Au- gusta, 658 W. It has 1 store, cap. $500 ; 2 grist 7n., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 5 sch. 198 scholars. Pop. 461. Cambridge, p-t., Lamoille co., Vt, 48 n. w. Montpelier. The Lamoille r. runs through this t., and, with its branches, furnishes some mill seats. 'The interval land on the r. is fertile ; the surface, generally, is rough, but suited to grazing. First settled in 1783. It has 8 stores, cap. $15,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,150. 17 sch. 530 scholars. Pop. 1,790. Cambridge, p-t., semi-capital of Middlesex co., Ms., 3 N. w. Boston, 437 W. In 42° 22' n. lat., and 71° 7' 38" w. Ion. This is one of the early towns in New England, having been first settled m 1631, under the name of Newtown. It is the seat of Harvard University, formerly called Harvard College, the oldest college in the United States, having been founded in 1638, which was less than 20 years after the first landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth. Cambridge contains a court house and jail, state arsenal, and 5 churches — 2 Unitarian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Uni- versalist. The courts are alternately held here and at Concord. The court house and jail are at E. Cambridge, at Lechmere's Point, a village at the s. E. extremity of the town, which is con- nected with Boston and Charlestown by bridges. Here is a large glass manufactory. Harvard University has a president and 27 pro- fessors, or other instructors ; has had 5,546 alum- ni, of whom 1,406 have been ministers of the gos- pel ; has 246 classical students, and 53,000 .vol- umes in its libraries. The commencement is on the 4th Wednesday in August. The philosophi- cal and chemical apparatus are very complete, as well as its cabinet of minerals. It has an ex- cellent anatomical museum and a botanical gar- den, of eight acres, richly stored with an pxtensive collection of trees, shrubs, and phuits, both native and foreign. The Cniversiiy Ituildings are ex- tensive and commodious, situated on a beautiful plain, where is a neat village. The irregularity in the position of the edifices, renders them less imposing in their appearance than they otherwise would be, but not less adapted to their purposes. They are University Hall, an elegant granite building, 140 by 50 feet, and 42 feet high, con- taining the chapel, dining halls, and lecture CAM 98 CAM rooms ; Harvard Hall, containiv.,^ the library, philosophical apparatus, museum, &c .; 4 spacious brick edifices, containing rooms for students, and several other buildings for the accommodation of the president, professors, and students ; Divinity- Hall, for the accommodation of the theological students ; and the Medical College, in Boston, a Law School, a Theological Seminary, and a Medical School, are attaclted to the institution, the last of which is located in Boston. The Law School has 115, the Theological 26, and the Medical 86 students. The whole number of stu- dents attached to the institution, including resi- dent graduates, is 478. Tliis institution is more richly endowed than any other similar institution in the United States. There are in the town 1 commercial and 1 commission house, cap. $40,000; 27 stores, cap. $93,959; 8 lumber yards, capital $85,000; 3 rope fac, 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 5 periodicals, 1 university, 341 students, 2 acad. 45 students, 16 sch. 2,455 scholars. Pop. 8,409. Cambridge, p-t., Washington co., N. \ ., 34 n. by E. Albany, 404 W. The surface is mostly level, and the soil gravelly loam. Watered by Hoosic river and its tributaries. The village contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Associate Relbrm- ed church, 100 dwellings, and about 700 inhabi- tants. It has 4 stores, and several mills and man- ufactories. The t. has 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $900. 13 sch. 297 scholars. Pop. 2,005. Cambridge, t., Coos co., N. II. Situated on the Androscoggin r. The surface is uneven and rough. Chartered in 1773. It has only 5 in- habitants. Cambridge, p-v., capital of Dorchester county, Md., 61 s. E. Annapolis, 101 W. Situated on tlie s. side of Choptank r., which is here 2 miles wide, 12 miles from the Chesapeake bay. It contains a court house and jail, an academy, and 2 churches — 1 Methodist and i Episcopal. Cambridge, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich., 66 s. w. Detroit, 526 W. It has 2 com. houses, cap. $6,000; 1 sawm. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 4 sell. 114 scholars. Pop. 644. Cambridge, p-t., capital of Guernsey ro., O., 77 E. Columbus, 316 W. The village is plea- santly situated on the e. side of Wills cr., on the national road, and contains a court house and other public buildings, 130 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. It has 1 acad. 25 students, 9 schools, 329 scholars. Pop. 1,845. Cambridge, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 79 w. by N. Columbia, 525 W. Cambridge, p-v., Wayne co., la., 53 e. Indian- apolis, 519 W. Situated on the w. side of the West branch of Whitewater r., and on the na- tional road. Cambridge, p-v., Dallas co., Ala., 84 s. by e. Tuscaloosa, 867 W. Cambridgeport, p-o., Windham county, Vt., 101 s. Montpelier, 448 W. Cambridgeport, p-v., Cambridge t., Middle- sex county, Ms., 2 w. Boston, 43S W. Here is a neat and pleasant village, containing a Unita- rian and a Baptist church, and considerable com- merce and manufactures. Camden, county, N. C. Situated in the N. e. part of the state, and contains 228 sq. ms. The surface is low and marshy. It has Pasquotank r. on its s. w. border. Capital, Camden C. H. or Jonesburg. There were in 1810, neat cattle 4,149, sheep 2,672, swine 12,562; wheat 2,739 bush, produced, Ind. corn 285,574, oats 9,480, po- tatoes 15,455, cotton 6,792 pounds ; 21 stores, cap. $48,200 ; 5 distilleries, 18 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 acad. 70 students, 6 sch, 169 scholars. Pop. 1830, 6,721 ; 1840, whites 3,844, slaves 1,661, free col'd 158; total, 5,663. Camden, county, Ga. Situated in the .s. e. part of the state, with the Atlantic on the e., from which it is separated by Cumberland island, which stretches along almost its entire border. It contains about 700 sq. ms. St. Mary's river curves along its s. border, and has a depth of water sufficient for the largest vessels. Tlie Santilla r. passes through the co. Capital, Jeffer- sonton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 17,093, sheep 1,453, swine 7,207 ; Ind. com 68,565 bush, produced, potatoes 53,575, rice 1,006,440 pounds, silk cocoons 120, cotton 2,032,740, sugar 20,450; 15 stores, cap. $112,500 ; 5 tanneries, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $101,290. 1 acad. 90 students, 11 sch. 138 scholars. Pop. 1830, 4,578; 1840, whites 2,004, slaves 4,049, free col'd 22 ; total, 6,075. Camden, p-t., Waldo co., Me., 42 e. s. e. Au- gusta, 10 N. 'Fliomaston, 632 W. It is pleasantly situated on the w. side of Penobscot Bay, and has a good harbor. It has considerable naviga- tion employed in the coasting trade and the fish- eries. Ship building is carried on, and the man- ufacture of lime, which is extensively expwrted. It has41 stores, cap. $100,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 print- ing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10.5,600. 1 acad. 100 .students, 17sch. l,169scholars. Pop. 3,005. Camden, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 128 n. w. Al- bany, 397 W. The surface is uneven, and the soil a fertile sandy loam. Drained by Fish cr. and its tributaries. The v. is on the w. brancii of Fish cr. Incorporated in 1834. It has a town house, 3 churches, 100 dvvell.ngs, and about 700 inhabitants. There are in the t., 5 stores, cap. $46,500 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling rn., 1 woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 6 grist m., 13 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $33,750. 1 acad. 60 students, 14 sch. 720 scholars. Pop. 2,331. Camden, city, p-b., and port of en try, Glouces- ter CO., N. J., 29 s. s. w. Trenton, 139 W. It is situated on the e. side of Delaware river, opposite to PMladelphia. The city consists of three parts, a central or principal part, and a northern and southern village or suburb, from each of which is a ferry to Philadelphia. The ship channel is on the Philadelphia side, but ships of the largest class come up to the lower village, and vessels of 150 tons to the central parts of Camden, at high tide. Camden has 6 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Epis- copal, 2 Methodist, and 2 Friends — an academy, a bank, 400 dwellings, and 70 or 80 buildings oc- cupied in manufactures, and considerable com- merce. It has several public gardens. The Camden and Amboy railroad, leading from New York city, terminates here. A railroad also pro- ceeds s. to Woodbury. There were in 1840, 13 stores, cap. $23,400; 2 lumberyards, cap. $18,000 ; 1 turpentine factory, 1 grist m., 5 saw m., 3 print- ing offices, 3 weekly newspapers, 1 periodical. Cap. in manufac. .$224,050. 3 acad. 240 students, 3 schools, 15 scholars. Pop. 3,371. Camden, p-v., Kent co., Del., 3 s. Dover, 121 W. It is situated on the s. branch of Jones' cr., and contains 20 or 30 dwellings. Camden, p-v., Somers t., Preble co., O., 103 w. s. w. Columbus, 495 W. Situated on the w. bank of Seven Mile cr., near the mouth of Paint cr. It contains 2 churches, 9 or 10 stores, and about 60 dwellings. Camden, p-t., Hillsdale, co., Mich., 120 s. e. Detroit, 537 W. Pop. 174. Camden, p-v., Shelby co., Ky., 31 vv. Frank- fort, 573 W. Camde.v, p-v., capital of Benton co., Tenn., CAM 99 79 w. Nashville, 763 W., 9 w. Tennessee r., contains a court house and a few dwellings. Camden, p-v., Carroll co., la., 74 N. Indianapo- lis, 632 W. Situated on the n. side of Passian- Camden, p-v., Madison co., Miss., 39 n. by e. Jackson, 1,007 W. Situated on a small creek flowing into Big Black r. Camden, p-v., capital of Kershaw dist., S. C, 33 N. E. Columbia, 473 W. It is situated on the E. bank of Wateree river, which is crossed U miles s. w. of the village by a bridge, which cost $20,000. Flat-boats of 70 tons come to the place. Camden contains a court house, jail, an academy, a masonic hall, a brick market-house, a library, an arsenal, 4 churches, some of which are elegant — 1 Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- tist, anci 1 Methodist. It has a bank, about 40 stores, 200 dwellings, and 1,000 inhabitants. One mile e. by s. of the place, are the i)e Kalb mills, and a cotton lac. with 1,200 sp., 24 looms, and which employs 60 hands. The soil around Camden is fertile, yielding good crops of cotton and com, but liable to be overflowed. In a good season, peaches and apples are sold at from 12^ to 25 cents a bushel, and fine melons equally cheap. Two celebrated battles were fought here during the revolution, one August 16th, 1780, between Gen. Gates and Lord Comwallis, and another, April 23d, 1781, between Gen. Greene and Lx)rd Rawdon. At the end of De Kalb-street, opposite the Presbyterian church, is a fine, white marble monument, erected to the memory of Baron De Kalb, of revolutionary celebrity, the corner-stone of which was laid by the venerable Lafayette, in 1825. Two miles w. of Camden is a large Indian mound, supposed to mark the site of an ancient town of the Catawbas. Camden, p-o., Camden co., Ga. Camden, p-v., Schuyler co.. 111., 72 w. n. w. Springfield, 850 W. Camde.n, p-v., Ray co., Mo., 149 w. n. w. Jef- ferson city, 1,052 W. Situated on the n. side of the Missouri r., 340 from St. Louis, by the course of the r. Ca.mden, C. H., p-v., capital of Camden co., N. C, 219 e. n. e. Raleigh, 2S7 W. Situated on the E. side of Pasquotank r. It contains a court house, and several stores and dwellings. Camden, t., Lorain co., O. It has 4 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. 504. Camden Point, p-o., Platte co., Mo. Camel's Ro.mp, one of the highest peaks of the Green 3Iountains, Vt., situated on the e. border of Huntington t., 4,188 feet above tide water, 17 w. iMontpelier, 20 s. e. Burlington. The view from the top of it is extensive, beautiful, romantic, and grand. Cameron, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 7 s. Bath, 225 w. s. w. Albany, 304 W. The surface is hilly, and the soil, a fertile calcareous loam and clay. Watered by Canisteo r. It has 2 stores, cap. §7,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,195. 12 sch. 542 scholars. Pop. 1,359. Camerons Mills, po.. Orange co., N. C, 45 N. w., Raleigh, 262 W. Camillus, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 7 w. Syracuse, 139 w. n. w. Albany, 347 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, calcareous loam. Drain- ed by Nine Mile cr. The Erie canal passes through the t. It contains a Presbyterian and a Methodist church. Gypsum is found here. It has 12 stores, cap. $65,900 ; 2 tanneries, 2 flour- ing m., 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $69,427 ; 15 sch. 924 scholars. Pop. 3,957. Camfbell, coimty, Va., in the s. part of the CAM state, lies between James r. on the n., and Staun- ton r. on the s., and contains 576 sq. ms. The surface is rough and the soil productive, adapted both to grain and to grazing, and producing also tobacco and fruits. The rivers by which it is bordered are both navigable for boats, giving it a ready access to Chesapeake bay and Albemarle sound. Capital, Lynchburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,810, sheep 13,858, swine 20,991 ; wheat 177,949 bush, produced, Ind. com 481,960, oats 227,539, potatoes 22,622, hemp and (lax 163 tons, tobacco 3,257,193 pounds, cotton 4,234 ; 3 commission houses in lor. trade, cap. $102,000; 94 stores, cap. $1,587,636 ; 1 furnace, I cotton fac. 1,500 sp., 9 tanneries, 15 distilleries, II flouring m., 34 grist m., 38 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 vveeldy newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $393,091. 5 acad. 195 students, 20 sch. 389 scholars. Pop. 1830, 20,330 ; 1840, whites 10,213, slaves 10,045, free col'd 772 ; total, 21,030. Campbell, county, Ga., in the n. w. part of the state, lies on both sides of Chattahoochee r., and contains 3)0 sq. miles. Surface undulating, soil, fertile. Capital, Campbellton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,164, sheep 3,103, swine 15,779 ; wheat 37,201 bush, produced, Ind. com 231,475, oats 18,194, potatoes 3,864, tobacco 7,436 pounds, cotton 895,737 ; 12 stores, cap. $14,200; 3 tanneries, 14 distilleries, 13 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,787. 19 sch. 462 scholars. Pop. 1830, 3,323 ; 1840, whites 4,526, slaves 842, free col'd 2 ; total, 5,370. Campbell, C. H., p-v., Campbell co., Va., 125 w. s. w. Richmond, 203 W. Campbell, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. E. part of the state ; has the Tennessee r. passing through its s. e. part. It contains 672 sq. ms. The Cumberland mountains pass through it; and on its n. w. side, the streams are discharged into Cumberland r. Capital, Jacksborough. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,863, sheep 4,951, swine 22,803 ; wheat 14,240 bush, produced, rye 1,951, I. corn 199,758, oats 43,270, potatoes 6,154, cotton 1,784 pounds, sugar 5,715 ; 10 stores, cap. $33,500 ; 5 forges, 5 tanneries, 19 distilleries, 1 powder m., 37 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,681. 2 sch. 56 scholars. Pop. 1830, 5,1 10 ; 1810, whites 5,831, slaves 261, free col'd 54; total 6,149. Campbell, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part of the state, on the Ohio r. Licking r. pass- es w. of it, and enters the Ohio nearly opposite to Cincinnati. The surface is uneven, and the soil fertile. Capital, Newport. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,446, sheep 4,071, swine 5,589; wheat 27,702 bush, produced, rye 1,110, Ind. corn 112,147, oats 19,167, potatoes 15,371, tobacco 28,010 pounds ; 3 stores, cap. $6,100. Cap. in manufac. $7,065. 8 sch. 186 scholars. Pop. 1840, whites 4,921, slaves 289, free col'd 4 ; total, 5,214. Campbell, t., Warv\ick co., la. It has 4 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 959. Cajipbell, p-o., Lawrence co., O. Campbell Cheek, p-o., Bath t., Steuben co., N. Y., 224 w. by s. Albany, 304 W. Campbell, t., Steuben Co., N. Y., 10 s. e. Bath, 209 w. s. w. Albany. The surface is hilly, and the soil clay and marly loam. Vv'atered by Con- hocton r. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000; 2 fullmg m., 1 woollen fac, 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,775. 4 sch. 237 scholars. Pop. 852. Campbell's Bridge, p-o., Marion dist., S. C, 139 E. by N. Columbia, 441 W. Campbellsuurg, p-v., Henry co., Ky., 31 N. w. Frankfort, 573 W. Campbell's Port, p-o., Portage co., O. Campbell's Station, p o., Knox co., Tenn., 168 E. NashvUle, 513 W. CAN 100 CAN Campbell's Store, p-o., Pendleton co., Va. Campbellsville, p-v., Giles co., Tenn., 67 s. by w. jVashville, 731 W. Campbellsville, p-v., Greene co., Ky., 77 s. s. w. Frankfort, 599 W. Campbellton, p-v., capital of Campbell co., Ga., 102 N. w. MUledgeville, 699 W. It lies on both sides of tlie Chattahoochee river, and con- tains 25 houses. Campbelltown, p-o., Jackson co., Flor. Campbelltown, p-o., Campbell t., Steuben CO., N. Y., 223 w. by s. Albany. 288 W. Campbelltown, p-v., Lebanon co.. Pa., 15 e. Harrisburg, 125 W. Camp Branch, t., Warren co., Mo. Pop. 527. Camp Call, p-o., Cleveland co., N. C. Camp Creek, p-o., Green co., Tenn., 264 e. Nashville, 440 VV. Camp Creek, p-o., Li\ingston co., Ky., 240 w. s. w. Frankfort, 767 W. Camp Creek, t.. Pike co., O. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manuf. S30. 6 sch. 181 scholars. Pop. 298 Camp Creek, p-o., Hancock co.. 111., 113 n. w. Springfield, ^74 W. Camp Ground, p-o., Appling co., Ga., 163 s. s. E. Milledgeville, 774 W. Camp Ridge, p-o.. Williamsburg dist., S. C, 114 s. E. Columbia, 492 W. Camp Spring, p-o., Lawrence co., Ala., 93 n. by E. Tuscaloosa, 778 W. Campton, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 47 n. by w. Concord, 528 W. Tlie surface is uneven, -with some mountains, and rocky ledges. Watered by Pemigewasset r. and its branches. The soil in the valleys is good. The natural growth is white oak and pitch pme, in the s. part. Chartered in 1767. It has 3 stores, cap. §10,500 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist ra., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac^ $19,405. 14 sch. 486 scholars. Pop. 1.513. Camptown, p-v., Oranare t.. Essex co., N. J., 3i s. w. Newark, 52 n. e. Trenton, 218 W. It has 1 church, free to all denominations, built of stone, 3 stories high, the lower story occupied as an academy, the second as a church, and the third as a masonic liall, 1 Presbyterian church, 3 stores, and 75 dwellings, somewhat scattered. Elizabeth r. affords water pov\-er, on which is 1 saw m. and 1 grist m. Tlie American anny camped here in the revolutionary war, whence it derives its name. Camptown, p-o., Bradford co., Pa. Campville, p-o.. OwTgo t., Tioga co., N. Y., 154 s. w. Albany, 232 W. Campville, p-o.. Coles co., 111., 103 e. s. e. Springfield, 695 W. Cax.aan, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 13 e. Nor- ridgewock, 36 n. by e. Augusta, 631 W. It lies on the e. side of Kennebec r.. and is a good farm- ing tovvTi. Incorporated in 178S. It has 5 stores, cap. $7,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 1 sch. 555 scholars. Pop. 1,379. Canaan, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 41 n. w. Concord, 496 W. Drained by Mascomy r. and its tributaries. Tlie soil is tolerably fertile. Chartered in 1761. First settled in 1766. It has several ponds, one of wliich. on high ground, is curiously surrounded by a momid of earth, appa- rently thrown up by the motion of the ice. on its breaking up in tlie spring. It has 3 stores, cap. §14.500; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 6 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $43,800 1 acad. 144 students, 16 sch. 377 scholars. Pop 1,576. Canaan, p-t., Essex co., Vt., 31 n. Guildhall, 106 N. E. Montpelier, 603 W. Situated in the extreme n. e. part of the state, on Connecticut r. Chartered in 1782, settled in 1785. The surface is rough, and the soil cold. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 tannery. Cap. m manufac, $330. 5 sch. 108 scholars. Pop. 378. Canaan, p-t., Litchfield co.. Ct., 42 n. w. Hart^ ford, 18 N. N. w. Litchfield, 343 W. It lies on the E. side of Housatonic r., which has between this place and Salisbury a perpendicular fall of 60 feet, Ibrming, when the r. is full, a grand spec- tacle, and affording extensive water power. Limestone is exten.sive, and the lime is superior, and IS extensively exported. The s. e. part of the t. is mountainous, while other parts are level. The soil along the streams is fertile. Watered by Blackberry r. and Hollenbeck r., both of wliich supply mill seats. Iron has been ex'en- sively manufactured and wrought here ; but the ore is brought from the w. part of Salisbury, on the border of the state of New York. It has 8 furnaces ; 10 stores, cap. $21,400 : 3 fulling ni., 2 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 3 grist m.. 10 saw ni. Cap. in manufac. $61,925. 1 acad. 20 students, 14 sch. 584 scholars. Pop. 2,166. Canaan, p-t., Cohmibia co., N. Y., 20 n. e. Hudson, 24 s. e. Albany, 362 W. It has con- siderable hills, with fertile intervening valleys. Bog iron ore and limestone are found. Watered by tributaries to Kinderliook cr. The railroads from W. Stockbridge to Hudson, and from W. Stockbridge to Albany, pass through the t. It has 4 stores, cap. $10,000; 2 fulling in.. 3 wix>l- len fac, 2 cotton fac. 268 sp., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,800. 1 acad. 23 students, 8 sch. 685 scholars. Pop. 1,957. Canaan, p-t., Wayne co.. Pa., 159 n. e. Har- risburg. 253 W. Drained by branches of Lacka- waxen cr. Carbondale and Honesdale railroad passes tlurough it. The sui'face is partly moim- tainous and partly level : the soQ, gravel and loam. It has 1 store, cap. $11,000; 11 sch. 548 scholars. Pop. 1,462. Can.aan. p-t., Wayne co., O., 107 n. e. Colum- bus, 350 W. Canaan, p-v., Jefferson co., la., 84 s. s. e. In- dianapolis, 560 W. Canaan Centre, p-v., Canaan t., Columbia CO., N. Y., 26 s. E. Albany. 364 W. It has a church, a store, and a flourishing academy, Canaan Fodr Corners, p-v., Canaan t., Co- lumbia CO., N, Y., 25 s. w. Albany, 363 W. It is an agricultural settlement, with a church, store, and 12 or 15 dweliinss. Canaan, t., Hillsdale Co., Mich, Pop. 164. Canaan, t., Wayne co., O. Pop. 1,827. Canaan, t., 3Iadison co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,350; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,175. 8 sch. 315 scholars. Pop. 607. Canaan, t., Marion co., O, It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac, $45. 5 sch, 200 scholai-s. Pop. 1,027. Canaan, t., Athens co,, O. It is situated on the Hockhocldng r., and contains salt-works, and various mills. It has 4 stores, cap. $2,000; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,250, 4 sch. 76 scholars. Pop. 800. Canaanville. p-o., Athens co., O., 80 s. e, Columbus, 341 W. Canada Creek, the w. and largest branch of 3Iohawk r., 60 miles long. It has several rapids and cascades which afford interesting views. Canadaig.a, p-o., Otsego co., N. Y., 68 w, Al- bany, 372 W. Can.adice, p-t., Ontario co., N, Y,, 18 s, w. Canandaigua, 218 w. Albany, 334 W. The sur- face is hilly ; soil, clay loam and sand, some of which is fertile. It has several ponds or lakes, one of which is 3 miles long, and half a mile CAN 101 CAN wide. It has 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,300. 11 sch. 611 scholars. Pop. 1,341. Canajoharie, p-t., Montgomery co., N. Y., 59 w. N. w. Albany, 395 W. The surface is hilly and the soil fertile. Drained by Bowman's and Olsquake creeks, which flow into the Mohawk. The V. is situated on the s. side of Mohawk r. Incorporated in 1829. It has 4 churches — 1 Pres- byterian, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Lutheran, and 1 Methodist — an academy, 10 stores, 2 grist m., 2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 1 furnace, 2 saw m. It furnishes fine stone for building and for the con- struction of locks in the Erie canal. The Erie canal passes through the centre of the v. The Catskill and Canajoharie railroad will terminate here. There are in the t., 11 stores, cap. $41,000 ; 2 furnaces, 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 4 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $59,239. 2 acad. 265 stud., 28 sch. 1,655 schol. Pop. 5,146. Canal, p-o.. Van Bm-en t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 147 w. N. w. Albany, 354 W. Canal, p-t., Venango co., Pa., 218 n. w. Har- rishurg, 292 W. It has 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,050. 3 sch. 65 scholars. Pop. 867. Canal Dover, p-o, Dover t., Tuscarawas co., O., 116 N. E. Columbus, 316 W. Canal Port, p-o., Allen co., la. Canal Fulton, p-v., Lawrence t., Tuscarawas CO., O., 125 N. E. Columbus, 330 W. Siuiated on the E. side of Tuscarawas r. and on the Ohio ca- nal. It contains 6 warehouses, 6 stores, 1 steam saw m., 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 70 dwellings and about 400 inhabitants. Canal Winchester, p-o., Fairfield co., O. Canandaigua, p-t., caphal of Ontario co., N. Y., 195 w. by n. Albany, 341 W. The surface consists of gentle hills and beautiful plains, and the soil is fertile. The v. is delightfully situated at the N. end of CaUvandaigua lake. It contains a court house, jail, and otlier county buildings, a town hall, 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- pal, 1 Baptist, 1 ftlethodist, and 1 African — 2 bank- ing houses, and a bank for savings, an academy, and a female seminary, whicli are flourishing, 25 stores, 2 printing offices, 1 steam flouring m., and 1 saw m. ; 350 dwellings and about 2,790 inhab- itants. The village is built with neatness and taste, and presents many desirable situations. It is surrounded by a rich agricultural country, was incorporated in 1815, and is one of the most pleasant places in western New York. The t. has 26 stores, cap. $112,300 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly papers, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $59,2i00. 2 acad. 500 students, 20 sch. 1,318 scholars. Pop. 5,6,)2. Canandaigua Lake, is 14 miles long, and from 1 to li miles wide, and with its highly cuUivated shores, presents many fine views. The water is remarkably clear, and abounds with excellent fish. Its outlet flows into Flint creek, then into Clyde r., and thence into Seneca r., the common outlet of a cluster of lakes. CanandaigI'A, v., Lenawee co., Mich., 17 w. Adrian, 82 s. w. Detroit. Situated on the E. side of Bean cr. It has 1 store, and a flourmg mill. Canasauga, p-v., Bradley co., Tenn., 174 s. e. by E. Nashville, 586 W. It is situated near Hi- wassee r. Caxastota, p-v., Lenox t., Madison co., N. Y., 119 w. N. w. Albany, 364 W. Situated on the Erie canal, and near the Syracuse and Utica rail- road. It contains 1 Dutch Reformed and 1 Meth- odist church, 8 stores and forwarding houses, 120 dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. Incorpo- rated, 183d. Candia, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 18 s. K. Concord, 470 W. Incorporated in 1763. The surface is elevated, constituting, in its w. part, the height of land between the ocean and Merri- mac r. It commands an extensive view of the surrounding country, reaching to the Wliite Hills in the n. and to the ocean. The soil is hard, but fertile and well cultivated. It has 5 stores, cap. $6,300 ; 1 fulling m., 13 sch. 498 scholars. Pop. 1,430. Candor, p-t., Tioga co., N. Y., 8 n. Owego, 171 s. w. Albany, 285 W. The surface is hilly, and the soil generally a fertile loam. Drained by Cottotong, and West Owego creeks. The v. contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 3 stores, 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 45 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. There are in the town, 4 stores, cap. $24,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 54 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $51,273. 1,141 scholars in schools. Pop. 3,370. Candor, p-v., Washington county, Pa., 227 w. Harrisburg, 254 W. It has 2 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 223. Caneadea, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 10 n. Angelica, 271 w. by s. Albany, 347 W. The Genesee r. flows nearly through its centre, re- ceiving several small mill streams. Soil, clay and sandy loam. The village is on the e. side of Genesee r. and has 1 store, Isawm., 1 fulling m., and 12 or 15 dwellings. There are in the t., 6 stores, cap. $11,200 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,150. 7 sch. 279 schol- ars. Pop. 1,633. Cane Creek, p-o., Chatham co., N. C, 50 w. Raleigh, 324 W. Cane Creek, p-o., Lincoln co., Tenn., 75 s. Nashville, 720 W. Cane Creek, p-o., White co.. 111., 196 s. e. Springfield, 766 W. Cane Creek, p-o., Benton co., Ala., 162 n. e. by E. Tuscaloosa, 740 W. Cane Creek, p-o., Wayne co., Mo., 216 s. e. Jefferson city, 940 W. Cane Hill, p-t., Washington co.. Ark., 192 n. w. Little Rock, 1,201 W. Cane Spring, p-o., BuUit co., Ky., 62w.by s. Frankfort, 606 W. Pop. 923. Cany Spring, p-o., Marshall co., Tenn., 42 s. Nashville, 705 W. Canyville, p-v., Gravson co., Ky., 173 s. w. Frankfort, 661 W. Canfiei.d, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 164 n. e. by E. Columbus, 14 s. by e. Warren, 293 V>^. The soil is productive. It has 10 sch. 460 scholars. Pop. 1,279. Canfield's Corners, p-o., Nichols t., Tioga CO., N. Y., 166 s. w. by w. Albany, 272 W. Camsteo, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 243 w. s. w. Albany, 14 s. w. Bath, 711 W. The surface is broken ; soil, clay and calcareous loam, and adapted to grazing and to grain. The hills are covered with a heavy growth of pine. Watered by Canisteo r. and its tributaries. On the streams are rich alluvial flats. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. (.^ap. in manufac. $13,010. 8 sch. 316 scholars. Pop. 941. Canisteo r., N. Y., rises in Alleghany co., and enters Tioga r. in Steuben co., after a course of 50 ms., 40 of which are boatable. Ca.nnonsburg, p-o., Hancock co., O. Cannon's Ferry, p-o., Sussex co., Del., 51 s. Dover, 115 W. Cannonsville, p-o., Tompkins t., Delaware co.,_N. Y., Ill w. by s. Albany, 307 W. _ j Canoga, p-v., Fayette t., Seneca co., N. Y., 173 I w. Albany, 339 W. It is situated about a mile w. CAN 102 CAN of Cayuga lake. Near it is a spring, which dis- charges water sufficient to turn a mill. It has 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 clo- thier's works, 80 dwellings, and about 500 inhab- itants. Cannon, county, Tenn., sitiiated in the central part of the state, and contains about 100 sq. ms. Drained by small branches of Cumberland river. Surface, hilly ; soil, fertile. Capital, Woodbury. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7, 188, sheep 9,746, swine 28,989 ; wheat 38,665 bush, produced, rye 1,249, Ind. corn 419,828, oats 56,800, potatoes 9,1 15, tobacco 32,235 pounds, cotton 29,201, sugar 8,545 ; 4 stores, cap. $15,050; 7 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 19 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in man- iifac. $20,145. 1 acad. 25 students, 19 sch. 495 scholars. Pop. wliites 6,558, slaves 618, free col'd 17; total, 7,193. Cannonsburg, p-b., Washington cc. Pa., 216 w. Harrisburg, 18 s. w. Pittsburg, 243 W. Situ- ated on Chartier's cr., and contains about 700 in- habitants. The place is supported chiefly by Jefferson College, located here. This institution was founded in 1802. It has a president, and 6 professors or other instructors, 224 alumni, 120 students, and 3,300 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the fourth Wednesday in September. Its course is completed in 3 years. A medical department is attached to it, located in Philadelphia. There is a theological school connected with the institution, imder the care of the vice-president; and it has supplied many clergymen to the western country. It has 17 stores, cap. $17,500; 1 tannery. Cap. in manu- lac. $2,250. Pop. 687. Cannon'.s Store, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 121 N. N. w. Columbia, 479 W. Can.vouchee, r., Ga., the w. and largest con- fluent of Ogeechee r., 140 ms. long, navigable 50 ms. to Cedar cr. Canonicut, island, in Narragan.'set bay, R. I., is 7 miles long and 1 broad, 3 w. Rhode Island. Cantatoe, p-o., Bedford t., Westchester co., N. Y., 125 s. Albany, 273 W. Canterbury, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 8 n. Concord, 1 16 W. The surface is uneven, and the soil good. It has several ponds, the outlets of which fm-nish mill seats. The Merrimac r. forms its w. boundary, over which are 2 bridges. First .settled in 1727. There is a Shakers' v. in the s. E. part. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen factory, 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,473. 12 sch. 575 scholars. Pop. 1,643. Canterbury, p-t., Windham co., Ct., 12 n. Norwich, 41 e. Hartford, 368 W. The surface is uneven, and the soil a fertile gravelly loam. First settled in 1690. In the central parish is a pleas- ant village, in the middle of which is a public square, on one side of which stands a neat Con- gregational church. Quinebaug river forms its e. boundary, and furnishes a good shad fishery, in the spring. A bridge connects it with Plainlield. It has 1 lulling mill, 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 2 tanneries, 6 grist m., 10 saw m., 16 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $44,500. 12 sch. 538 scho- lars. Pop. 1,791. Canterbury, p-v., Cornwall t.. Orange co., N. Y., 89 s. Albany, 289 W. It is situated 1 m. vv. of Cornwall Landing, on the Hudson r. It con- tains 3 stores, 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 4 church- es — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 Orthodox Friends, and 1 Hicksite Friends — 80 dwellings, and about 5'JO inhabitants. Canterbury, p-v., Kent co., Del., 8 s. by w. Dover, ll6 W. Situated at the head of Mother Kill creek. Canton, p-t., Oxford co.. Me., 30 w. n. w. Au- gusta, 602 W. The Androscoggin river passes through it. Incorporated in 1821 . The soil is good. It has 3 stores, cap. $7,500 ; 8 sch. 370 scholars. Pop. 919. Canton, p-t., Norfolk co., Ms., 16 s. by w. Bos- ton, 426 W. 2 ponds give rise to 2 branches of Neponset river, \\ hich affords water power. In- corporated in 1797. The soil is indifferent, but the t. has considerable manufactures. The Boston and Providence railroad passes through the tovMi, and has an expensive granite bridge, or viaduct, over one of its streams, 600 feet long, and 63 feet above its foundation, supported on arches. It has 9 stores, cap. $16,000 ; 3 furnaces, 5 forges, 2 wool- len fac, 4 cotton fac. 1,868 sp., 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 acad. 16 students, 7 sch. 506 scholars. Pop. 1,995. Canton, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 13 n. w. by w. Hartford, 339 W. First settled in 1740, incorpo- rated 1806. The surface is uneven, and the soil coarse and stony. Fannington r. passes through its s. w. part. It has some manufactures, partic- ularly of axes. It has 3 stores, cap. $12,500; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 powder m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $323,900. 8 sch. 310 scholars. Pop. 1,736. Canton, p-t., capital of St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 223 N. N. w. Albany, 495 W. The surface is gently midulating, and the soil a fertile clay loam. Watered by Grass r. and its branches. I'he Os- vvegatchie enters its n. w. corner. Marble is found here, and sulphate of iron, from which cop- peras and alum are extensively manufactured. The V. is on Grass r., and contains a courthouse, jail, and clerk's office, 3 churches — 1 Presbyte- rian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Union — 1 acad., 6 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 clothier's works, 1 furnace, 1 tannery, and a marble fac, 125 dwel- lings, and about 8(30 inhabitants. Here is a fine bridge across Grass r. Tliere are in the t., 1 fur- nace, 8 stores, cap. $24,500 ; 3 fulling m., 3 tan- neries, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Capital in manufac. $24,5 1 5. 1 acad. 223 students, 22 sch. 854 schol- ars. Pop. 3,465. Canton, p-v., Salem co., N. J.,69s. s. w. Tren- ton, 184 W. Situated on the w. branch of Stow creek. Canton, p-t., Bradford co., Pa., 136 n. Harris- burg, 246 W. Surface hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Watered by Towanda cr. and its tributaries. It has 2 stores, cap. 3,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,275. 8 sch. 407 scholars. Pop. 1,254. Canton, t., Washington co.. Pa. The surface is slightly undulating ; soil, loam. Coal is abun- dant. Drained by Chartiers cr. and its tributa- ries. Washington b. lies partly in this t. It has 1 store, cap. $500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 5 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 1,132. Canton, p-t., capital. Stark co., O., 124 n. e. Co- lumbus, 313 W. The v. is pleasantly situated in the forks of Nimishillen cr., which unite Ism. be- low the v., and it is surrounded by a fertile coun- try. First settled in 1806. It has a court house, jail, 3 brick offices, 4 churches, mostly of brick — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 German Lutheran, and 1 Roman Catholic — 18 or 20 stores, 1 acade- my, a market house, a bank, a library company, a mechanics' society, 2 printing offices, and near- ly 300 dwellmgs. It has 1,284 scholars in sch. Pop. 3,299. Canton, p-v., Washington co., la., 97 s. Indian- apolis, 600 W. Canton, p-v., Fulton co., 111., 69 n. n. w. Spring- field, 819 W. It is pleasantly situated on the CAP 103 CAR border of a large prairie. It has 1 acad. 27 stu- dents, 3 sch. 78 scholars. Pop. 762. Canton, pv., capital of Cherokee co, Ga. Sit- uated on the N. side of Etowah r. It contains a court house, several .stores and dwellings. C.iNTON, p-v., Wilcox county, Ala., 91 s. by E. Tuscaloosa, 883 W. Canton, p-v., Trigg co., Ky., 9 s. w. Cadiz, 235 s. w. by w. Frankfort, 762 W. Situated on Cum- berland r., 40 ms. from its mouth. It is the cen- tre of trade for the surrounding country, and be- ing on navigable waters, it does their sliipping business. Pop. about 200. Canton, p-v., capital of 3Iadison co.. Miss., 23 N. by E. Jackson, 998 W. It contains a court house and several dwellings. Canton, p-v., Lawrence co., Ark., 164 n. n. e. Little Rock, 1,021 W. Canto.n, t., Wayne co., Mich. Watered by the head branches of the south branch of Rouge r. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, .§300. There are in sch. 343 scholars. Pop. 1,031. Canton Centre, p-v., Canton t., Hartford co., Ct. Cantonment Gibson, p-v., and military sta- tion, in the Indian Ter., 221 w. n. w. Little Rock, Ark., 1,286 W. Situated on the E. side of the Neosho r., 5 ms. above its entrance into Red r. Here are situated strong military works for the protection of the western frontier. Cantwell's Bridge, p-v.. New Ca.stle co., Del., 24 N. by w. Dover. 133 W. It is situated on the N. side of Appoquinimink cr. It contains several stores and dwellings. Cape Bridge, p-o., Hampshire co., Va. Cape Island, p-v.. Cape May co., N. J., 108 s. Trenton, 218 W. It is situated in the extreme s. point of the state, on the shore of the Atlantic, and is much frequented as a watering place from July to September. Here are 6 boarding hou.'^es, some of them large, and several splendid hotels. The place affords great facilities for sea bathing, and for fishing. Cape May, N. J., situated on the n. side of the entrance into Delaware bay. On it is a light-house. It is 18 N. Cape Henlopen, 38° 57' n. lat., 74° 52' \v. Ion. Cape iMav, county, N. J. Situated in the s. part of the state. The soil is wholly alluvial, and the surface is level. Along its e. coast is a sandbeach, which, from half a mile to 2 miles in width, is covered with grass, which affords pasture for neat cattle and sheep. It is broken by several inlets by which the sea penetrates tlie marshes and forms lagunes or salt-water lakes. Tucka- hoe r. runs on its .n. border, and receives some streams from the co. Capital, Cape May C. H. There were in 1840, neat cat;Ie 4,875, sheep 5,778, swine 2,268 ; wheat 8,692 bush, prod., rye 7,573, Indian com 69,975, buckwheat 882, oats 24,404 potatoes 14,3W ; 29 stores, cap. $47,400 ; 8 grist m., 12sawm. Cap. inmanufac. f 1,70'). 20 sch. 992 ssholars. Pop. H30, 4,936 : 1840, 5,324. Cape May, C. H., p-v., Middle f.. Cape May CO., N. J., 93 s. Trenton, 203 W. It has a coiu-t house, a stone jail, brick fire-proof offices, a Bap- tist church of brick, and 10 or 12 dwellings. Cape Cod, Ms., in 42° 5' n. lat., 70° 14' w. Ion., projects from the shore of 3Iassachusetts, and is curved inward, something in the shape of the arm of a man, bent inward at the elbow and the wrist. It is 65 miles long, and from 1 to 20 broad, and contains the county of Barnstable. Cape Elizabeth, t., Me., consists chielly of a peninsula, 6 s. Portland. Cape Elizabeth, in 43° 33' n. lat., 79° 11' w. long., is the s. e. point of the town. Another cape in the e. part of the t., at the entrance of Portland harbor, contains a light-house. It has 9 sch. 670 scholars. Pop. 1,666. Cape Fear, N. C, is on the .s. point of Smith's Island, in 33° 48' n. lat. and 78° 9' w. Ion., near the mouth of Cape Fear river. Cape Fear, river, N. C. Its n. w. branch is formed by the union of Deep and Haw rivers ; thence flowing 103 miles, it receives the n. e. branch of Clarendon r., above Wilmington; and 34 miles below, it enters the Atlantic by 2 chan- nels, one on each side of Smith's Island. It af- fords the best navigation of any river in the state. By means of embankments the channel has been deepened, and steamboats now proceed 90 miles to Fayetteville at the lowest water. Cape Girardeau, county. Mo., situated in the s. e. part of the state, lies on the Mississippi river. It contains about 864 sq. ms. Drained chiefly by the sources of White Water r. Iron ore and other minerals are found in the county. Capital, Jackson. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,857, sheep 10,300, swine 33,528 ; wheat 41,235 bushels produced, Ind. corn 461,635, oats 11 1,383, potatoes 24,577, tobacco 229,191 pounds, cotton 9,934, sugar 37,318 ; 26 stores, cap. $79,800 ; 12 tanneries, 35 distilleries, 7 flouring m., 16 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- paper. Cap. in manufac. $82,787. 7 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 1830, 7,445 ; 1840, whites 8,020, slaves 1,325, free col'd 14; total, 9,359. Cape Girardeau, p-v., Cape Girardeau co.. Mo., 207 .s. E. JefTerson city, 850 W., is on the w. bank of the Mississippi r., 10 ms. from Jackson, the co seat. It has 10 or 12 stores, and about 500 inhabi- tants. It was agitated by earthquakes in 1810 and 12, and some chimneys were thrown down. It has a steam saw m. The town has 2 acad. 40 students, 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 1,728. Cape Neddock, York co.. Me., a barren head- land, projecting into the Atlantic ocean, inhab- ited by a few fishermen. Capf.ville, p-v., Northampton co., Va., 170 e. by s. Richmond, 246 W. It is on the e. shore of Chesapeake bay, near Cape Charles. It contains 2 stores, several mechanic shops, and 12 or 14 dwellings. Cape Vi.ncent, p-v., Lyme t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 190 N. w. Albany, 442 W. Situated on the s. side of St. Lawrence r. It has 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal — 5 stores, 2 warehouses, 1 steam flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 fur- nace and axe factory, 1 tannery, and a ship yard. It is a port of entry, and has a convenient steam- boat landing. It has a regular communication with Kingston, Canada. Captina, p-o., York t., Belmont co., O., 134 E. Columbus, 295 W. Capon Springs, p-o., Hampshire co., Va. Cardondale, p-v., Luzerne co.. Pa., 35 n. e. Wilkesbarre, 160 n. n. e. Harrisburg, 264 W. The village is situated on Lackawana cr. It has 15 stores, 6 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- pal, 1 Baptist, 2 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catho- lic — and 500 dwellings. This flourishing village owes its existence to the Lackawana coal mine. The mine is situated in the front of a hill. It is quarried in a continuous line for 60 rods, and pre- sents a front of good coal, 20 feet in thicluiess, with several feet of imperfect coal above it. Several stationary steam engines draw up the coal in wagons, on a railway, by several inclined planes, from the mine Ui the summit level, 850 feet above the mine, whence it descends by another railway, 16 miles long, by several inclined planes, 912 feet, to the canal at Honesdale, and thence to the Delaware r., where it meets the Delaware and Hudson canal tlirough wliich it is conveyed CAR 104 CAR to the Hudson r. There were 119,407 tons of coal raised in 1840, employing a capital of $100,000, and 275 persons. The Delaware and Hudson Canal Company mine and send to market from 180 to 200,000 tons of coal annually. One mile w. of the village, Fall Brook, a considerable stream, has a beautiful cascade, 80 feet high. Tliere are in the town 14 stores, cap. $54,500 ; 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 1 brewery. 3 saw m. Cap. in manuf. $327,000. 4 sch. I'JO scholars. Pop. 2,3:)8. Cardiff, p-v., Lafayette t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 132 w. N. w. Albany, 335 W. It contains 2 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 tamiery, 1 distillery, 25 dwellings, and 150 inhabitants. Cardington, p-v., Morven t., Marion co., O., 36 N. Columbus, 405 W. It has a store, a woollen fac, and several mills in the neighborhood. Carlinville, p-o., capital of Macoupin co., ni., 39 s. s. w. Springfield, 811 W. Situated on the N. side of Lake Fork of Macoupin r. in a beautiful prairie. It has several stores, 1 sch. 61 scholars. Pop. 327. A theological seminary, under the patronage of the Presbyterian Synod of Illinois, was established at this place in 1838. It has 700 volumes in its library. Carlisle, p-t., Middlesex co., Ms., 19 n. w. Boston, 456 W. Concord river runs on its s. e. border. Its soil is of a secondary quality. In- corporated in 1805. It has I store, cap. $5,000; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,200. 5 sch. 204 scholars. Pop. 556. Carlisle, p-t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 36 w. by N. Albany, 8 n. w. Schoharie. The surface is uneven, and the soil a sandy loam, underlaid with limestone. In the vicinity are numerous caverns. The V. is on the Cherry valley turnpike, and contains 1 Presbyterian church, 2 stores, and 20 dwellings. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 fullmg m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $2,900. 11 sch. 527 scholars. Pop. 1,850. Carlisle, p-v., capital of Cumberland county. Pa., 15 w. by s. Harrisburg, 103 W. In 40° 12' N. latitude, 77° 10' w. longitude. The place, founded in 1751, is regularly laid out, with streets crossing each other at right angles, and is neatly built, chiefly with brick or stone houses. Dick- inson college is located here, and in the w. part of the v. has an elegant building of Hmestone, 4 stories high, 150 feet in length, and occupying a commanding situation. It was founded in 1783, under the direction of the Presbyterians ; but has some time since gone into the liands of the Methodists, and is flourishing. It lias a president and 7 professors, or other instructors, 561 alumni. 140 of whom have been ministers of the gospel, 109 students, and 10,600 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the last Thursday in September. The other public buildings are, 9 cliurches — 2 Presbyterian, I Episcopal, 1 Ger- man Reformed, 1 Lutheran, 1 Methodist, 1 Asso- ciate Presbyterian, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 African — a court house, county oflices, market house, banldng house, young ladies' seminary, &c. There are 6 or 700 houses. Pop. 4,351. The Cumberland Valley railroad, extencfing from Harrisburg to Chambersburg, passes through the place. The United States barracks, half a mile from the v., were built in 1777, chiefly by the labor of the Hessians captured at Trenton. They are sufficient for a garrison of 2,000 men, and the general government have recently established a cavalry school here. There are in the town 42 stores, cap. $90,446; 2 lumber yards, cap. $2,000 ; 6 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 2 breweries, 3 printing officeSjl bindery, 3 weekly papers. Cap. in man- ufac. $68,750. 1 acad. 90 students, 16 sch. 855 scholars. Carlisle, p-v., Troup co., Ga., 133 w. Mil- ledgeville, 751 W. Situated s. side of Flat Shoal cr. Carlisle, p-v., capital of Nicholas co., Ky., 53 E. N. E. Frankfort, 496 W. Situated on a small branch of Licking r. It contains a court house, several stores, 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 256. Carlisle, t., Lorain co., O., 3k s. Elyria. Ic has a fine soil, well watered by the w. branches of Black r., which afford good null seats. There is a considerable village on the e. branch of Black r., wliicli also runs through the town. The village has 1 store, 1 grist ni., 1 saw m. and about 30 dwellings. The t. has 2 gi-ist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,300. 6 sch. 273 scholars. Pop. 1,094. Carlisle, p-v., Sullivan co., la., 100 s. w. Indianapolis, 671 W. Situated 2 ms. e. of Bus- seron creek. Carllsle Mills, p-o.. Perry co.. Miss., 173 s. e. Jackson, 1,051 W. Carlisle Springs, p-o., Cumberland co., Pa., 19 w. by s. Harrisburg, 107 W. Here are sul- phur springs, 4 n. Carlisle v. Carlow, p-o., Hopkins co., Ky., 216 w. s. w. Frankfort, 749. Carlto.>i, p-t., Orleans co., N. Y., 253 w. by N. Albany, 401 W. It Hes on Lake Ontario. The surface is level, and the soil sandy and gravelly loam. Drained by Oak Orchard creek, which enters Lake Ontario. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $35,100. 15 sch. 793 scholars. Pop. 2,275. Carlton's Store, p~o.. King and Queen co., Va., 58 N. E. by e. Richmond, 146 W. Carlyle, p-v., capital of Clinton co., 111., 96 s. by e. Springfield, 771 W. It is situated on the w. sideofKaskaskiar., 215 miles above its mouth, by the course of the r. Founded in 1818, on the border of a prairie. It has a court house, 5 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and about 40 dwellings. Carmel, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 65 n. e. Au- gusta, 660 W. Watered by Sowadabscook r. and its branches, W'hich afford good water power. It has 5 stores, cap. $3,8,'5 ; 1 tannery. 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,275. 195 scholars in sch. Pop. 520. Carmel, p-t., capital of Putmanco., N. Y., 100 s. Albany, 287 W. The surface is hilly, and the soil clay and sandy loam, and very fertile. In this t. and the vicinity are several small lakes, from which some of the head waters of Croton r. proceed. The v. is pleasantly situated on the E. side of a small lake, and contains a court house, a jail, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist church, an acad- emy, 3 stores, 40 dwellings, and 250 inhabitants There are in the t., 7 stores, cap. $13,600; 3 fulling m., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,300. 11 sch. 520 scholars. Pop. 2,263. Carmel, p-v., St. Joseph's co., la., 129 n. In- dianapolis, 648 W. Carmel, p-t., Eaton co., Mich. Pop. 868. Carmel Hill, p-o., Chester dist., S. C, 71 n. Columbia, 460 W. Carmi, p-v., capital of White co., EL, 181 s. E. Springfielci, 751 W. Situated on the w. bank of Little Wabash r., and contains a court house and several dwellings. Pop. 350. Car-michaels, p-o., Greene co.. Pa., 190 w. by s. Harrisburg, 214 W. Carnesville, p-v., capital of Franklin co., Ga., Ill N. Milledgeville, 585 W. Situated on Ste- phen's creek, and contains a court house, wliich cost $4,600, a jail, an academy, and 5 or 6 stores. Founded hi 1798. CAR 105 CAR Caroline, county, Md., in the e. part of the state, contains 2-10 sq. miles. It has the state of Delaware on the e., and the w. branch of Chop- tank river on the w. The E. branch of the Chop- tiink river passes through the co. Capital, Den- ton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,678, sheep 5,112, swine 9,379 ; wheat 24,844 bushels produced, rye 19,271, Indian com 269,375, oats 53,725, potatoes, 13,897; 50 stores, cap. $128,550; 1 tannery, 10 grist m., 13 sawm., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspapc-r. Cap. in manufac. $7,050. 23 sch. 444 scholars. Pop. 1830, 9,070 ; 1840, whites 5,334, slaves 752, free col'd 2,551; total, 7,806. Caroline, county, Va., in the e. part of the state, bounded n. by Rappahaimock r. It con- tains 600 square miles. The surface is hilly and broken, and the soil various. Drained by Rap- pahannock and Pamunky rivers on its borders, and Mattapony r., through its centre. Produce, grain and tobacco. Capital, Bowling Green. There were in 1810, neat cattle 10,359, sheep 9,349, swine 19,372 ; wheat 80,938 bushels pro- duced, rye 13,117, Ind. corn 575,685, oats 119,936, potatoes 18,766, tobacco 773,745 pounds, cotton 20,005; 18 stores, cap. $132,100; 4 tanneries, 24 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,750. 17 acad. 370 students, 13 sch. 219 scholars. Pop. 1830, 17,774; 1840, whites 6,725, slaves 9,314, free col'd 774; total, 17,813. Caroline, p-o., Haywood co., Tenn., 174 w. s. w. Nashville, 857 W. Caroline, p-t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 12 s. e. Ithaca, 150 w. by s. Albany, 331 W. Tlie sur- face is hilly ; soil, gravelly and calcareous loam. Drained by W. Oswego and Six Mile creeks ; the former emptying into the Susquehanna r., and the latter into the Cayuga lake. It has 12 stores, cap. $41,500 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 4 grist m., 37 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $52,450. 13 sch. 861 scholars. Pop. 2,457. Caroline Centre, p-o., Caroline t., Tomp- kins county, N. Y., 173 w. by s. Albany, 330 W. Caroline Furnace, p-o., Perry co., Pa., 23 w. Harrisburg, 133 W. Carondelet, p-v., St. Louis co.. Mo., 134 e. Jefferson city, 814 W. It is situated on the w. bank of Mississippi r., 5 miles below St. Louis. There are in the t., 2 acad. 24 students, 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop 2,093. Carpenter's Landing, p-v., Greenwich t., Gloucester co., N. J., 40 s. w. Trenton, 151 W. Situated at the head of sloop navigation, on Man- tua cr., 7 miles above its entrance into the Dela- ware r. It contains a Methodist church, 2 stores, and over 30 dwellings. It has considerable trade in lumber and wood. Pop. about 250. Carpenter's Mills, p-o., Allen co., Ky., 155 s. w. Frankfort, 678 W. Carrick, p-o., Franklin co., Pa., 63 w. s. w. Harrisburg, 111 W. Carritunk,p-v., Somerset CO., Md., 75 s. s e. Annapolis, 70 W. Carroll, county, N. H., situated in the e. part of the state. It has Wiiinipiseogee lake on its s. w. border. Ossipee lake, and a part of Squam lake, and several large ponds are within it. It has also Ossipee mountain, and other elevated summits. Capital, Ossipee. This county formed a part of Strafford co., at the time when the cen- sus was taken. For statistics, see the towns of which it was composed. Carroll, county, Md., situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 500 sq. miles. Drained by Patapsco and 3Ionococy rs. It is a fertile and wealthy CO. Capital, Westminster. Tliere were in 1840, neat cattle 11,012, sheep 12,565, swine 14 23,311; wheat 180,848 bushels produced, rye 72,091, Ind. corn 25t,3S4, buckwheat 6,060, oats 209,230, potatoes 112,171, tobacco 238,560 pounds ; 54 stores, cap. $95,825 ; 7 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 2,032 sp., 1 rope fac, 26 tan- neries, 28 distilleries, 1 brewery, 6 potteries, 31 flouring m., 37 grist m., 61 saw m., 3 oil m., 4 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspa- pers. Cap. in manufac. $207,472. 2 acad. 39 students, 14 schools, 334 scholars. Pop. whites 15,221, slaves 1,122, free col'd 898; total, 17,241. Carroll, county, Ga., toward the n. w. partof the state, having Chattahoochee river on the s. e. It contains 800 square miles. The surface is ele- vated and broken. Drained by the branches of the Tallapoosa r. This county was ceded to the United States, by the Cherokees, in 1825, at the Treaty of the Indian Springs. Capital, Carrollton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,572, sheep 2,345, swine 15,172 ; wheat 24,552 bushels produced, Ind. com 366,840, oats 14,439, potatoes 6,950, tobacco 14,456 poimds, cotton 354,089; 14 stores, cap. $40,165; value of gold produced $17,370 ; 13 smelting houses, 4 furnaces, 4 cotton fac. 54 sp., 4 tanneries, 13 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 16 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,430. 2 acad. 36 students, 20 sch. 441 schol- ars. Pop. 1830, 3,419 ; 1840, wliites 4,725, slaves 522, free col'd 5 ; total, 5,252. Carroll, county. Miss., situated a little n. w. of the centre of the state, bounded by Yazoo r. on the w., and Big Black r. on the s. e., and drained by their branches. It contains 950 sq. ms. Capital, Carrollton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,651, sheep 4,137, swine 21,937; wheat 6,028 bushels produced, rye 80, Ind. com 455,205, oats 10,340, potatoes 35,743, cotton 3,542,051 pounds; 17 stores, cap. $127,500; 17 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 22 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 113,800. 1 college, 60 students, 3 acad. 165 students, 1 1 sch. 267 scholars. Pop. whites 5,136, slaves 5,344, free col'd 1; total, 10,481. Carroll, parish. La., situated in the n. e. part of the state. Drained by Bayou Bartholomew, Bayou Beouff, Bayou Macon, and Tensas r. It has the Mississippi river on the e. Capital, Pro- vidence. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,670, sheep 180, swine 10,414; Ind. corn 168,890 bush, prod., potatoes 12,971, cotton 8,476,800 pounds, 1 saw m., 1 sch. 18 scholars. Pop. wliites 1,146, slaves 3,082, free col'd 9 ; total, 4,237. Carroll, coimty, Tenn., situated in the w. part of the state. It contains 960 sq. ms. It forms the height of land between the Tennessee and Mississippi rivers, toward both of wliich its streams flow. Capital, Huntingdon. There were in 1840, neat cattle 47,163, sheep 30,635, swine 65,349 ; wheat 684,691 bushels produced, Ind. com 692,340, oats 74,079, potatoes 34,320, tobacco 868,664 poimds, cotton 215,388 ; 13 stores, cap. 43,800 ; 9 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 17 grist m., 12 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Ciip. in manufac. $40,027. 35 sch. 923 scholars. Pop. 1830, 9,397 ; 1840, whites 10,114, slaves 2,218, free col'd 30; total, 12,362. Carroll, county Ky., situated, centrally, in the N. part of the state, on Ohio r., and contains 140 sq. ms. Drained by Kentucky r. Surface, level ; soil, very fertile. Capital, Carrollton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,392, sheep 5,944, swine 11,125; wheat 31,888 bushels pro- duced, rye 1,895, Ind. com 196,229, oats 18,030, potatoes 5,636, tobacco 255,080 pounds ; 1 1 s'ores, cap. $42,300 ; 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,600. 6 sch. 314 scholars. CAR 106 CAR Pop. whites 3,212, slaves 731, free colored 23 ; total, 3,966. Carroll, county, O., situated in the E. part of the state. Established in 1833. It contains 400 sq. ms. Drained by Sandy, Conoten, and the N. fork of Yellow creek. Soil, very fertile. Capi- tal, Carrollton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,841, sheep 23,382, swine 16,519; wheat 252,428 bushels produced, rye 22,568, Irid. corn 137,939, buckwheat 13,593, oats 218,278, potatoes 38,161; 16 stores, cap. $39,500; 4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 11 grist m., 14 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $30,250. 1 acad. 32 students, 23 sch. 681 scholars. Pop. 18,108. Carroll, county, la., situated toward the n. w. part of the state. It contains 380 sq.ms. The Wabash r. passes through it. It has also Deer, Rock, and Wildcat creeks. Organized in 1828. The surface is generally level, and has both tim- ber and prairie land. The Wabash and Erie canal passes through it. Capital, Delphi. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,903, sheep 5,928, swine 17,443; wheat 69,172 bushels produced, rye 2,214, Ind. corn 298,331, buckwheat 835, oats 76,636, potatoes 26,736, sugar 77,650 pounds, tobacco 3,773 ; 20 stores, cap. $59,264 ; 7 tan- neries, 5 distilleries, 1 pottery, 3 flouring in., 10 grist m., 30 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $89,065 ; 1 acad. 60 students, 11 sch. 283 scholars. Pop. 1830, 1,611; 1840,7,819. Carroll, county. El., situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 445 sq. ms. The sur- face is undulating and the soil fertile. The Mis- sissippi r. forms its w. boundary. Drained by Plum and Rush creeks. Capital, Savanna. There were in 1840, neat cattle 952, sheep 237, swine 2,385 ; wheat 7,226 bushels produced, Ind. corn 26,530, oats 10,150, potatoes 7,805 ; 7 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 4 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 1,023. Carroll, coimty. Mo., situated toward the n. w. part of the state, and has the Missouri r. on its s. border, and Grand r. on the n. e. It con- tains 700 sq. ms. Drained by Waconda r. and branches of Grand r. Capital, Carrollton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,652, sheep 2,113, swine 16,885; wheat 1,100 bushels produced, Ind. corn 141,735, oats 10,545, potatoes 6,401, tobacco 7,320 pounds ; 8 stores, cap. $9,200 ; 1 tannery, 1 dis- tillery, 5 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,600. 1 sch. 26 scholars. Pop. whites 2,155, slaves 268 ; total, 2,423. Carroll, county. Ark., situated in the n. w. part of the state. Drained by branches of White r. and Little Red r. Capital, Carrollton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,300, sheep 2,038, swine 10,429 ; wheat 4,462 bushels produced, Ind. corn 119,539, oats 1,252, potatoes 4,82S, tobacco 6,995 pounds, cotton 6,754; 9 stores, cap. $16,4-48; 3 distilleries, 12 grist m., 1 saw m., 8 schools, 185 scholars. Pop. whites 2,707, slaves 137; total, 2,844 Carroll, p-t., Coos co., N. H. It lies at the base of the White Mountains, on the n. w. Char- tered in 1772. The surface is uneven, and its as- pect uninviting. It has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 75 schol- ars. Pop. 218. Carroll, p-t., Chautauque co,, N. Y., 336 w. by s. Albany, 313 W. The surface is hilly, and the soil sandy loam. Drained by Connewango and Stillwater crs. It has 3 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 22 saw m. Cap. iji manu- fac. $5,105. Carroll, t., York co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $16,000 ; 2 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 3 grist in., 3 saw m. Cap. in manuf. $28,800. Pop. 571. Carroll, t., Washington co., Pa. It has 14 stores, cap. $25,000 ; 3 tanneries. Cap. in man- ufac. $2,800. 2 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 1,235. Carroll, t., Ottawa co., O. It has 1 sch. 24 scholars. Pop. 232. Carroll, p-c, Calhoun co., Mich., 121 w. by s. Detroit, 586 W. Carroll, p-v., Carroll co., la., 59 n. Indian- apolis, 616 W. Situated on the n. side of Wa- bash r. Carroll, t., Cambria county Pa. It has 1 tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $300. 5 sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 696. Carroll, t.. Perry co., Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,700 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 dis- tillery, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manuf. $8,838. 7 sch. 315 scholars. Pop. 1,100. Carrollsville, p-v., Tishamingo co., Miss., 208 N. E. by N. Jackson, 855 W. Carrollton, p-v.. Centre t., capital of Carroll CO., O., 125 N. E. Columbus, 296 W. It has a court house, several stores, and a printing office, at which a weekly newspaper is issued. Carrollton, p-v., capital of Carroll co., Ky., 46 N. N. w Frankfort, 588 W. Situated on the s. bank of Ohio r., at the junction of Kentucky r. It has a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Presby- terian, 1 Methodist, and I African — 7 stores, 1 steam saw m., and about 850 inhabitants. Carrollton, p-v., capital of Carroll co., Ga., 131 w. N. w. Milledgeville, 719 W. Situated on the s. fork of Tallapoosa r., near the centre of the county. It contains a court house, jail, 2 or 3 stores, and 10 or 12 houses. Carrollton, p-v., capital of Pickens co., Ala., 42 w. Tuscaloosa, 860 W. Situated on the w. side of Lubbub cr., and contains a court house and several dweUings. Carrollton, p-v., capital of Carroll co.. Miss., 92 N. by E. Jackson, 979 W. Situated on the s. side of Big Sandy cr., and contains a court house and a few dwellings. Carrollton, p-v., capital of Carroll county. Ark., 212 n. n. w. Little Rock, 1,146 W. Situ- ated on the s. side of Crooked cr. Contains a court house and several dwellings. Carrollton, p-v., capital of Greene co.. Ill,, 69 s. w. Springfield, 834 W. It is a pleasant village, on the borders of Spring prairie. It has a handsome brick court house, 23 stores, 2 steam flouring m., 2 steam saw m., and 1 tannery. It contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and a Reformers' Society. The houses of the village are neatly built, many of them of brick. The country around is beau- tiful and well cultivated. It lias 3 schools, 120 scholars. Pop. 667. Carrollton, p-v., Carroll co.. Mo., 124 n. w. JeflTerson city, 1,018 W. It is situated on Wa- conda cr., 6 miles n. of Missouri r. It has a neat brick court house, and about 300 inhabitants. Carrollton, in Centre t., Carroll co., O. It has 3 sch. 145 scholars. Pop. 698. Carrollville, p-v., Wayne co., Tenn., 113 s. W.Nashville, 790 W. Carrsville, p-0.. Isle of Wight co., Va. Carryall, t., Paulding co., Ohio. Pop. 345. Carsonville, p-v., Talbot co., Ga., 75 w. s. w. Milledgeville, 731 W. Carteret, county, N. C. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. It lies along the Atlantic coast. The surface is level ; soil, sandy and marshy, with sandy isles and reefs in front, on one of which is Cape Look- out. Capital, Beaufort. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,721, sheep 2,003, swine 7,034; wheat 2,133 bush, produced, Ind. corn 32,674, CAR 107 CAS potatoes 41,120, cotton 4,283 pounds; 15,347 bar- rels of tar, pilch, &c., produced, 893 bush, salt ; 17 stores, cap. $31,300; 7 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $52,800. 3 sch. 47 scholars. Pop. 1830, 6,607; 1840, whites 5,087, slaves 1,360, free col'd 144 ; total, 6,591. Carter's Bridge, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 83 w. N. w. Riciimond, 140 W. Carter's Crkkk, p-o., Williamson co., Tenn., 30 s. Nashville, 707 W. Carter, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. e. corner of the state, and contains 540 sq. ms. Drained by Watauga r., a branch of Holston r. The surface is elevated, rocky and mountainous, on its K. and s. border. Capital, Elizabethtown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,932, sheep 3,470, swine 11,252: wheat 22,603 bush, produ- ced, rye 999, Ind. com 150,041, buckwheat 1,732, oats 54,530, potatoes 14,339, silk cocoons 71 lbs., tobacco 3,711, sugar 7,092; 4 stores, cap. $21,000 ; 3 furnaces, 8 forges, 4 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 1 powder m., 1 flouring m., 23 grist m., 18 saw m., 1 printing office. Cap. in manu- fac. $26,495. 2 acad. 48 students, 3 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 1830, 6,414 ; 1840, whites 4,998, slaves 352, free col'd 22 ; total, 5,372. Carter, coiuity, Ky. Situated in the n. e. part of the state. Drained by Little Sandy r. and Tygarts creek. Surface hilly. Capital, Grayson. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,041, sheep 2,968, swine 6,760; wheat 2,155 bush, produced, rye 1,532, Ind. corn 99,080, oats 25,550, potatoes 4,526, tobacco 3,216 pounds, sugar 7,413, salt 8,000 bush. ; 2 tanneries, 5 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,000. 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. whites 2,711; slaves 186, free col'd 8 ; total, 2,905. Carter's Hill, p-o., Montgomery co., Ala., 130 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 841 W. Carter's Station, p-o., Greene co., Tenn., 255 E. Nashville, 441 W. Carter's Store, p-o., Nicholas co., Ky., 62 E. by N. Frankfort, 506 W. Cartersville, p-v., Cumberland co., Va., 46 w. by N. Riclmiond, 124 W. Situated on the s. side of James r. Cartersville, p-o., Tishamingo co., Miss., 248 N. N. E. Jackson, 815 W. Carthage, p-t., Franklin co.. Me., 41 n. w. Augusta, 619 W. Watered by Webb's r., a branch of the Androscoggin. It contains several ponds, the outlets of which enter Webb's r. In- corporated in 1826. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 8 sch. 248 scholars. Pop. 522. Carthage, p-v., Wilna t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 152 N. w. Albany, 431 W. Situated on the n. E. side of Black r., where are 2 bridges. Incor- porated in 1841. It has 1 Methodist and 1 Ro- man Catholic church, an academy, 10 stores, 1 furnace, 2 forges, 1 rolling m., 1 nail fac, 1 axe fac, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 100 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. The Long Falls, com- mencing at this place, furnish extensive water power. The r. below, is not navigable ; but above, it is boatable 40 miles, to the High Falls, where the Black River canal commences. Carthage, p-v.. Mill Creek t., Hamilton co., O., 8 N. Cincinnati, 116 s. w. Columbus, 502 W. It is a pleasant village in the centre of the co., which causes it to be the place of large public meetings. The annual lair of the Hamilton co. Agricultural Society is held here. Carthage, p-o., Campbell co., Ky. Carthage, p-v., capital of Moore co., N. C, 79 s. w. Raleigh, 367 W. Situated 3 ms. e. of McIjCnnon's cr. It contains a court house and several dwellings. Carthage, p-v., Tuscaloosa co., Ala., 17 s. Tuscaloosa, 835 W. Carthage, p-v., capital of Leake co.. Miss., 57 N. E. Jackson, 961 W. It contains a court house and several dwellings. Carthage, p-v., capital of Smith co., Tenn., 52 E. Nashville, 632 W. Situated on the n. side of Cumberland r., opposite the entrance of Cany Fork cr. It contains 1 church, an academy, 6 stores, 1 large tobacco stemmery, and about 600 inhabitants. Carthage, t., Athens co., O. Situated in the s. E. part of the coimty. The suri'ace is broken and hilly, and the soil but moderately good. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,800. 4 sch. 87 scholars. Pop. 737. Carthage, p-v.. Rush co., la., 32 e. s. e. In- dianapolis, 547 W. Carthage, v., Brighton t., Monroe co., N. Y., 2 N. Rochester, at the lower falls of Genesee r. Below this, the r. is navigable for steamboats, 5 ms. to Lake Ontario. It contains 60 dwellings, and has an inclined plane with machinery, by which articles are drawn up from the landing place, 160 feet above, and a flight of 237 steps. From the summit, a railroad proceeds to Roches- ter. A bridge of a single arch, of 352 feet chord, and 196 feet above the water, was built here in 1819, at a cost of $27,000 ; but fell in 1820, with a tremendous crash, and is not likely to be rebuilt. Carthage, p-v., capital of Hancock co.. 111., 106 w. N. w. Springfield, 880 W. Situated 9 ms. from the Mississippi r., between Bear and Long creeks. Laid out in 1833. It contains 4 stores, and various mechanic shops. In the vicinity is excellent timber, and abundance of coal. It is a growing place. Caruthus Cross Roads, p-o., McMlnn co., Tenn., 164 Nashville, 553 W. Carver, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 47 s. E. Boston, 447 W. There are several ponds in the t., the soil is indifferent, but it has some manu- factures. Iron ore is found. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,800 ; 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,600. 7 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 995. Carversville, p-o., Bucks co.. Pa., 108 e. Harrisburg, 170 W. Carysville, p-o.. Champaign co., O., 60 w. N. w. Columbus, 454 W. Cascade, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 192 w. s. w. Richmond, 275 W. Cascadk, p-o., Dubuque co., Iowa. Casco Bav, Cumberland co.. Me. It sets up from the Atlantic, between Cape Elizabeth and Cape Small Point, 20 miles apart, and afiords fine anchorage. It contains 300 islands, mostly small, but generally very productive. Caseville, p-v., Olive t., Ulster co., N. Y., 76 s. s. w. Albany, 330 W. It has a church, 1 grist m., 1 tannery, and a lew scattered dwellings. Casev, county, Ky., central in the s. part of the state. Drained by the head waters of Green r. Salt r. also has its rise here. It con- tains 443 sq. ms. Capital, Liberty. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,400, sheep 8,361, swine 25,070; wheat 14,636 bu.sli. ])r<)(lucoJ, rye 10,200, Ind. corn 287,025, oats 59,94s, pntatocs 13,263, tobacco 51,800 pounds, sugar 22,642; 3 stores, cap. .$11,000; 5 tanneries, 9 distilleries, 2 flour- ing m., 15 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,450. 1 acad., 5 sch. 143 scholars. Pop. whites 4,371, slaves 531, free col'd 37 ; total, 4,939. Casev, p-o., Clark co., 111., 121 e. s. e. Spring- field, 679 W. Caseyville, p-o.. Union co., Ky. CAS 108 CAS Casker's Valley, p-o., Macon co., N. C, 337 w. by s. Raleigh, 567 W. Cashtown, p-v.. Adams co.. Pa., 43 s. w. Harrisburg, 83 W. Situated on the turnpike road from Gettysburg to Chambersburg. Cashville, p-v., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 102 N. w. Columbia, 48S W. Cass, county, Ga., in the n. w. part of the state. Drained by Etowah r., and Sulacoe cr. Surface liilly ; soil, on the margins of the streams very fertile. Capital, Cassville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,141, sheep 3,744, swine 32,691 ; wheat 51,613 bush, produced, rye 1,089, Ind. corn 469,361, oats 49,274, potatoes 10,697, tobacco 6,430 pounds, cotton 326,403 ; 53 stores, cap. $67,578 ; 2 lurnaces, 6 tanneries, 15 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 16 grist m., 14 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $19,680. 16 sch. 468 scholars. Pop. whites 7,331, slaves 1,995, free col'd 14 ; total, 9,390. Cass, county, Mich. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, having the state of Indiana s., and contains 528 sq. ms. Drained by St. Jo- seph's, Christiana, and Dowagiake rivers. The sui-face is gently undulating, and the soil is of a superior quality. It is diversified with lakes, prairies and oak openings. Capital, Cassopolis. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,179, sheep 5,524, swine 11,411 ; wheat 95,101 bush, produ- ced, Ind. com 177,925, buckwheat 1,064, barley 1,886, oats 98,833, potatoes 132,319, sugar 83,369 pounds ; 10 stores, cap. $49,700 ; 4 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 4 grist m., 22 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $68,817. 25 sch. 827 scholars. Pop. 1830, 919 ; 1840, 5,710. Cass, county, la. Situated centrally in the N. part of the state, and contains 415 sq. ms. Watered by Wabash r., and Eel r. Organized in 1829. The general face of the country is level, and abounds with springs of excellent water, and the streams aflTord good mill seats. The Wabash and Erie canal passes tiirough the CO. Capital, Logansport. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,598, sheep 2,015, swine 9,266; wheat 23,990 bush, produced, Ind. corn 118,755, buckwheat 720, oats 37,304, potatoes 30,496, sugar 20,400 pounds ; 27 stores, cap. $7,200 ; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 3 flouring m., 2 grist m., 14 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $67,300. 13 sch. 276 scholars. Pop. 5,480. Cass, comity. 111. Situated centrally in the w. part of the state, and contains 256 sq. ms. Drained by branches of Sangamon r., on the n. and head branches of Indian and other creeks, which fall into the Illinois r., on tlie w. and s. The surface is undulating, consisting of timber and prairie ; soil, very fertile. (Capital, Vir- ginia. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,318, sheep 3,098, swine 12,260 ; wheat 25,812 bush, produced, Ind. corn 192,83^, oats 21,162, pota- toes 12,694, tobacco 350 pounds ; 2 commission houses, cap. $10,000 ; 8 stores, cap. $40,476 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 brewery, 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,575. 7 sch. 279 scholars Pop. 2,981. Cass, p-t., Hancock co., O., 100 n. w. Colum- bus, 446 VV. It has 1 store, cap. $500 ; 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $900. 6 sch. 225 scholars Pop. 617. Cass, river, Mich., a considerable branch of Saginaw r., which it enters 20 miles from its mouth. It is a fine mill stream ; and in high water, is beatable 15 or 20 miles from its mouth. Cass, p-t., Ionia co., Mich., 133 w. n. w. De- troit, 620 W. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $1,600. Pop. 202. Cassadaga Lake, a small body of water in Chautauque co., N. Y., wliich gives rise to Cas- sadaga cr., a fine mill stream, wliich enters into Connewango cr. Cassadaga, p-o., Pomfret t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 331 w. by s. Albany, 337 W. Cassopolis, p-v., capital of Cass co., Mich., 167 s. w. Detroit, 615 W. It is situated on the N. w. border of Stone lake, and has a handsome court house, a jail, 5 stores, 100 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. Cassville, p-v., Paris t., Oneida co., N. Y., 86 N. N. w. Albany, 375 W. Situated on Sau- quoit cr. It has 2 churches, 2 stores, 2 grist ra., 2 saw m., 2 fulling m., 1 distillery, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. Cassville, p-o., Monmouth co., N. J., 25 e. Trenton, 188 W. Cassville, p-v., capital of Cass co., Ga., 144 N. w. Milledgeville, 645 W. It contains a court house, an academy, 3 churches, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist, and 4 dwellings. Cassville, p-v.. Grant co.. Wis., 126 w. s. w. Madison, 928 W. Situated on the e. bank of the Mississippi r. It is a place of considerable trade, and contains several stores and dwellings. Castalian Springs, p-o., Sumner co., Tenn., 34 N. E. Nashville, 675 W. Castile, p-t., Wyoming co., N. Y., 249 w. Albany, 358 W. The surface is rolling, soil gravelly loam, and well adapted either to grass or to grain. The Genesee r. flows on its eastern border. Silver lake lies in the n. part of the t. The V. has 3 stores, 1 grist m., several saw m., and 25 dwellings. There are in the t., 4 stores, cap. $2,750 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,800. 17 sch. 604 scholars. Pop. 2,833. Castine, p-t., and seaport, Hancock co.. Me., 34 s. Bangor, 122 e. n. e. Portland, 75 e. Augus- ta, 671 W. The v. is on a peninsula, on the E. side of Penobscot bay, opposite to Belfast. Settled by the French in 1667, by the English in 1760. It has a spacious and excellent harbor, accessible at all seasons of the year, and capa- ble of receiving ships of the largest class. It is a neat and pleasant village. It might easily be fortified, so as to make it a place of immense strength ; but the British had possession of it in the revolutionary, and late war. Its back country is not extensive ; but it has considerable trade in lumber, and employs considerable ship- ping in the coasting trade and the fisheries. Tliere are in the t., 27 stores, cap. $97,400, $10,200 invested in the fisheries ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m. Cap. hi manufac. $14,050. 7 sch. 406 scholars. Pop. 1,188. Castle Ckaig, p-o., Campbell co., Va., 136 w. by s. Richmond, 214 W. Castle Fin, p-o., York co.. Pa., 55 s. Harris- burg, 85 VV. Castleman's, r.. Pa., the e. branch of Youghi- ogeny r. It is a rapid stream, with many falls. Tlic Baltimore and Ohio railroad will pass along its banks. Castleton, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 10 w. Rutland, 14 e. Whitehall, 74 s. s. w. Montpelier, 450 W. The surface consists of hills and val- leys; soil generally good, and particularly on the streams. Watered by Castleton r. In the w. part is Lake Bombazuie, mostly in this t., 8 ms. long, and 2j broad, at the greatest breadth, containing a beautiful island of 10 acres. The outlet furnishes good mill seats. The v. is pleasantly situated on Castleton r. Its public buildings are 2 churches, 1 Congregational, and 1 Methodist, the Rutland co. grammar school, CAT 109 CAT and 2 buildings of the Vermont academy of me- dicine. The latter was founded in 1818, and in 1819 was connected with Middlebury college, through which its degrees are conferred, either at Middlebury or at C'astleton. It has 5 profes- sors, 57 students, and 514 graduates. The lec- tures commence on the 2d Thursday in March. The I. has 1 furnace. 6 stores, 1 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 acad. 190 students, 10 sch. 596 scholars. Pop. 1,769. C.tSTLETON, p-v., Schodack t., Rensselaer CO., N. Y., 8 s. by e. Albany, 362 W. Situated on the E. bank of Hudson r. Incorporated in 1827. It has a Methodist church, 5 stores, 3 store houses, 6 brickyards, 50 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. It has 5 sloops employed on ther. Castleton, t., Richmond co., N. Y., 155 s. Albany. It is situated on the n. end of Staten Island. It contains the villages of Tompkinsville and New Brighton. The surface of the t. is hilly and broken, but the soil is generally fertile, anil well cultivated. It has 25 stores, cap. $30,800 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $10,000 ; 1 tannery, 5 flouring m., 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $238,405. 11 sch. 520 scholars. Pop. 2,263. Castor, t., Madison co.. Mo. It has 2 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 624. Caswell, county, N. C. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 400 sq. ras. Drain- ed by Dan r. and its branches. The soil is pro- ductive, and the climate healthy. Capital, Yan- ceyville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,836, sheep 10,075, swine 26,787 ; wheat 78,682 bush, produced, rye 2,890, Ind. corn 509,480, oats 121,885, potatoes 15,528, tobacco 3,665,842 pounds, cotton 82,649 ; 22 stores, cap. $206,500 ; 1 cotton fac. 1,008 sp., 6 tanneries, 14 distilleries, 6 flour- ing m., 21 grist m., 16 saw m., 4 oil m., 1 print ing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manu- fac. $134,630. 4 acad. 109 students, 16 sch. 307 scholars. Pop. 1830, 15.188 ; 1840, whites 7,343, slaves 7,024, free col'd 326 ; total, 14,693. Catawba, p-o., Chester dist., S. C, 62 n. Co- lumbia, 456 W . Catahoola, parish. La. Situated toward the N. E. part of the state, and contains 2,100 sq. ms. It has Tensas r. on its e. border, and Wa- chita r., and Macon and Boeuff Bayous, pass through it. The e. part is liable to be overflow- ed ; but in the w. part, it rises into moderate hills. In this part, the water is good, but the land is sterile, covered mostly with pine timber. On the streams, where it is not overflowed, the soil is fertile. Capital, Harrisonburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,138, sheep 861, swine 19,931 ; Ind. com 120,986 bush, produced, pota- toes 13,057, cotton 2,499,400 pounds ; 5 stores, cap. $31,600 ; 51 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. hi manufac. $28,250. 1 acad. 50 students, 5 sch. 103 scholars. Pop. 1830, 2,581 ; 1840, whites 2,935, slaves 1,998, free col'd 22 ; total, 4,955. Catahoola, river. La., rises in Claiborne par., and enters a lake on the s. part of Catahoola parish ; and after passing through it, emerges a river, which enters Wachita r. This lake, which is of considerable dimensions, is filled at high water, and drained nearly or quite dry, when the r. is low. Catawba, r. (See Santee r.) Catawba, p-o., Clark co., O., 34 w. Columbus, 427 W. Catawba Creek, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 188 w. by s. Raleigh, 427 W. Catawba Springs, p-v., Lincoln co., N. C, 153 w. by s. Raleigh, 395 W. Catawba View, p-o., Caldwell co., N. C, 173| w. by s. Raleigh, 410 W. Situated on the s. side of Catawba r. Catawissa, p-t., Columbia co.. Pa., 81 n. n. e. liarrisburg, 191 W. The v. is situated on the Susquehanna r., at the mouth of the Catawissa cr. The Little Schuylkill and Catawissa rail- road passes through it. It h;is 2 furnaces and 2 forges, 3 stores, cap. $25,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pa- per fac, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,425. 1 acad. 50 students, 7 sch. 228 scholars. Pop. 2,064. Catawissa Forge, p-v., Catawissa t., Colum- bia CO., Pa., 87 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 197 W. Catawissa Valley, p-o., Schuylkill co.. Pa., 87 Harrisburg, 197 W. Catfish, p-o., Marion dist., S. C, 138 e. Co- lumbia, 431 W. Catharines, p-t., Chemung co., N. Y., 16 n. Elmira, 182 w. by s. Albany, 295 W. The sur- face is hilly ; soil, clay, loam, and gravelly. Drained by Catharines cr., which flows into Seneca lake. Cayuta cr., in the n. part of the t., flows into the Susquehanna r. In the v. there are 2 churches — 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist— 2 stores, 1 taimery, and about 20 dwellings. Pop. of the t. 2,424. It has 1 furnace ; 20 stores, cap. $62,550 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $65,770. 12 sch. 680 scholars. Cathey's Creek, p-o.. Buncombe co., N. C, 294 w. Raleigh, 524 W. Catlettsburg, p-v., Greenup co., Ky., 150 e. N. e. Frankfort, 410 W. It is on the Ohio r., be- low the mouth of Big Sandy r., in the extreme n. e. part of the state. It contains only 2 or 3 houses. Catlin, t., Chemung co., N. Y., 10 n. Elmira, 190 w. s. w. Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Catharine's cr. on the N., and by tributaries of Chemung r. s. It has 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,750. 3 sch. 92 scholars. Pop. 1,119. Cato, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 13 n. Auburn, 163 w. by N. Albany, 349 W. The surface is undulating, and the soil, a fertile sandy loam. It has several swamps and small lakes. Seneca r., which flows through its s. part, enters and passes through Cross lake in its s. E. part. The v. has 1 church, 2 stores, and about 25 dwellings. Pop. of the t. 2,380. It has 1 furnace, 3 stores, cap. $15,700 ; 1 tannery, 4 sawm. Cap. in manufac. $4,180. 1 acad. 17 students, 13 sch. 872 scholars. Cato, p-o.. Clay co.. 111., 126 Springfield. 752 W. Cato Four Corners, p-o., Cato t.. Cayuga CO., N. Y., 165 w. by n. Albany, 351 W. Catonsville, p-v., Baltimore co., Md., 36 N. Annapolis, 46 W. Caton, t., Steuben co., N. Y., 25 s. E. Bath, 216 w. s. w. Albany. The siu-face is hilly; soil, gravelly loam. Watered by tributaries of Che- mung r., which afl!brd water power. It has 2 stores, cap. $8,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,440. 5 sch. 237 scholars. Pop. 797. Catron, p-o., Lawrence co., Tenn., 73 s. s. w. Nashville, 750 W. Catskill, p-t., capital of Greene co., N. Y.,34 s. Albany, 336 W. The surface is hilly and moimtainous on the w., but level toward the Hudson r., which washes its E. border. The soil is clay, sand, and loam, underlaid with slate, limestone, and graywacke. Drained by Cats- kill cr. and its tributaries. The v. is pleasantly situated on both sides of Catskill cr., near its junction with the Hudson river. Incorporated in 1806. It has a court house, a jail, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist — 2 banking houses, 20 stores. CAU 110 CAY 20 groceries, 2 bookstores, various mechanic establishments, 2 furnaces, 1 brewery, 400 dwel- lings, and -2,300 inhabitants. Pop. of the t. 5,339. There are owiied here 1 steamboat, 4 barges, and several sloops, employed between this place and New York city. A ferry here crosses the Hud- son. The Catskill and Canajoharie railroad com- mences here, and is finished and in operation 26 miles of the distance. The t. has 34 stores, cap. S130,200 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $10,000 ; 2 com. houses, cap. ,$73,780 ;" 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 furnaces, 2 tanneries, 1 powder m., 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 flour- ing ra., 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. m manufac. $162,700. 19 sch. 541 scholars. Pine Orchard, a fa^'orite summer resort, is situated on the brow of the Catskill mountains, in the s. e. part of the town, v.here is a large and commodious hotel, called the " Mountain House," elevated 2,212 feet above the Hudson r., and commanding a very extensive and beautiful view of die Hudson r., and the country to the E., ex- tending to the Green mountain range, in Massa- chusetts and Vermont. Nowhere can more wild and romantic scenery be found than at this spot. A Mttle to the w. of the hotel are 2 ponds, the outlets of which imite, and proceed by falls and rapids, in a deep ravine, to the plain below. The first fall is 180 feet perpendicular, and within a short distance is a second fall of about 80 feet. By a circuitous path the traveller can pass down and go under the rock, and beliind the water of the first fall, which presents a singular and in- teresting view. Tlie spectator in this mountain eyrie often sees thunder storms discharging them- selves on the valley beneath him, while he en- joys a clear sky. A road is constructed from the steamboat landing on the Hudson, on which stages constantly run for the transportation of travellers, to and from the Mountain House, which is 12 ras. distant from Catskill village. Catskill Moc.\t.\l\s, N. Y., rise in Ulster CO., and extending through Green and Schoharie counties, bend, in crescent form, toward the Mo- hawk r. Round Top, the highest peak, measur- ed by the barometer, is 3,804 teet above tide water, and a second peak is 3,718 lieet. On the E. front the mountain is precipitous ; but on the w. side, the descent is comparatively gentle. In these mountains the bear, the wolf, the wildcat, and the deer, are still to be found. C.\TT.\R.\UGus, county, iV. Y., situated in the Vf. part of the state, contains 1,232 sq. ms. The surlace is elevated. Cattaraugus cr. and its tribu- taries flow .\. into Lake Erie, while the Allegha- ny r. with its tributaries, in the s. part, flows to- ward the Gulf of Mexico. The soil is fertile, and adapted to grazing. Cattle and lumber are ex- tensively exported. Peat, marl, bog iron ore, manganese and sulphur, and saline springs are found. The Genesee Valley canal extends from Rochester to Olean, in tWs county, and the New I ork and Erie railroad is designed to pass through tt. Capital, Ellicottville. There were in 1840, o^.^.'"^mJ_^?''^^3/^*P- S-14,900; 6 fulling m.. t pounds, sugar „ ,, • . „ 1 — r- -»■ — 1 — ; 6 fulling m. 2 woollen fac, 24 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 distil- lery 26 gnst m.,135 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $495,425 3 acad. 140 students, 189 sch. 7,722 scholars Pop. 1830, 16.726 ; 1840, 28,872. «ciiolars. Caughn.vwag.v v., Mohawk t., Montgomery CO., N. \. bituated on the n. side of Mohawk r., connected with Fulton v., opposite, by a toll- bridge. It contains 1 Dutch Reformed church, erected in 1766, 2 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Cauleysville, p-v., Covington co., Ala., 199 s, s, E. Tuscaloosa, 895 W. Cavehill, p-o., Greene co., Tenn., 271 e. Nashville, 450 W. Cavendish, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 74 s. Mont- pelier, 466 W. Watered by Black r. and Tw'en- ty Mile stream. At the falls on Black r. the channel of the r, has been worn down 100 feet deep, and rocks of very large dimensions have been tmdermined and thrown down one upon another. First settled in 1769. It has 5 stores, cap. $25,000 ; 13 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tan- neries, 2 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $94,250. 17 sch. 426 scholars. Pop. 1,427. Cave Spring, p-o., Floyd co., Ga., 178 n. w. Milledgeville, 689 W. C.4VE Spring, p-o., Maury co., Term., 54 s. s. w. Nashville, 730 W. Cave Spring, p-o., Pulaski co.. Mo., 115 s Jeflferson city, 1,030 W. Cavetown, p-v., Washington co., Md., 107 n. w. Annapolis, 77 W. Cayuga, county, N. Y. Situated centrally in the N. part of the state, and contains 648 sq. ms. It extends n. to Lake Ontario. It has a produc- tive soU, and is well watered. It has salt springs, which were formerly worked, and are second in the state only to those of Onondaga. Gypsum is also found, and several sulphur springs. Owasco lake lies in the centre of the co., and Cayuga lake on its w. border, and Skeneateles lake on its E. border. Seneca r. flows through it. The Erie canal and the Western railroad pass through it. Capital, Auburn. There were in 1840, neat cattle 45,516, sheep 188,152, swine 63,153; wheat 57,'^,436 bush, produced, rve 3,321, Ind. com. 568,011, buckwheat 40,669," barley 81,440, oats 527,038, potatoes 687,305, hops 2,615pounds, sugar 206,545 ; 3,250 bush, salt produced ; 3 commis- sion houses in for. trade., cap. $7,000 ; 165 stores, cap. $784,547; 7 lumber yards, cap. $16,800; 7 furnaces, 22 fulling m., 8 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 6,184 sp,, 1 dyeing and print establishment, 29 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 1 brewery, 1 rope fac, 9 flourhig m., 42 grist m., 112 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 1 daily, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufactures $1,304,375. 1 college, 48 students, 8 acad. 601 students, 311 sch. 16,243 scholars. Pop. 1830, 47,948 ; 1840, 50,338. Cayuga Lake, N. Y., lies between Seneca and Tompkins counties, is 40 ms. long, and from 1 to 3i broad. It is very deep, and has fine fish. A steamboat passes through it from Cayuga bridge to Ithaca, calling at the intermediate places. Its shores are highly cultivated. Its outlet flows into Seneca r. Cayuga, p-v., Aurelius t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 162 w. by N. Albany, 339 W. It is situated on the n. e. part of Cayuga lake, and contains 3 stores, 1 church, 50 dwellings, and about 300 in- habitants. Here is a bridge across Cayuga lake over a mile in length, and a railroad bridge, still longer. A steamboat runs from this place to Ithaca, at the head of the lake, 40 miles. Cayuga, p-o., Jackson co., Mich., 100 w. De- troit, 570 W Cayuga, p-o., Hinds co., Mss., 37 s. w. Jack- son, 1,047 W. Cayuta, p-t., Chemung co., N. Y., 12 n. e. Elmira, 188 w. s. w. Albany, 289 W. The sur- face is hilly and broken, and the natural growth hemlock and pine. Drained by Cayuta cr. and its tributaries. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 CED 111 CEN tannery, 3 grist m., 7 saw. Capital in man- ufactures, §11,580. 6 sch. 225 scholars. Pop. 835. Cazenovia, p-t., Madison CO., N. Y., 113 w. by N. Albany, 348 W. The surface is elevated and undulating; and the soil, a fertile gravelly loam. Watered by Cazeno\ia lake and Chittenango cr., vvliich flows N. into Oneida lake. It has 16 stores, cap. 862,370; 5 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 6 tan- neries, 2 distilleries, 1 paper fac, 4 printing offi- ces, 1 bindery, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 periodicals, 6 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 8236,905. 1 acad. 399 students, 32 sch. 1,117 scholars. Pop. 4,153. Cazenovia, p-o.. Cook co.. 111., 215 n. e. by n. Springfield, 728 W. Cearcv, t., PhUlips CO., Ark. Pop. 359. Cecil, county, Md., situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 264 sq, ms. The sur- face is undulating, and the soil moderately good. It is favorably situated for commerce, being ac- cessible by the Chesapeake bay, which bounds E. Tuscaloosa, 749' W Cedar Creek, p-o., Dooly co^ Ga., 103 s. s. w. Milledgeville, 760 W. Ced.\r Creek, p-o., Owen co., Ky., 17 x. Frankfort, 559 W. Cedar Creek, t., Allen co., la. It has 1 sch., 35 scholars. Pop. 189. Cedar Creek, p-o^ Greene co., Tenn., 253 E. Nashville, 451 W. Cedar Creek, p-o., Warren co.. 111., 127 n. w. Springfield, 857 W. Cedar Creek, p-o., Lowndes co., Miss,, 143 N. E. Jackson, 897 W. Cedar Creek Mills, p-o., Stephenson co- Ill., 206 X. Springfield, 838 W. Cedar Grove, p-o.. Orange co., N. C, 48 n. w. Raleigh, 284 W. Cedar Grove, p-o.. Union dist., S. C, 76 n. w. Columbia, 470 W. Cedar Grove, p-o., Wilson co., Tenn^ 25 e. Nashville, 659 W. Cedar Grove, p-o., Jefferson co., Ala., 95 n. it on the w. The Su.squehanna r. runs on its w. border, and Elk r. penetrates its central part. The Chesapeake and Delaware canal {passes through it. Capital, Elkton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,779, sheep 8,936, swine 13,854; wheat 107,233 bush, produced, rye 1,802, Ind. corn 276,621, buckwheat 6,480, oats 254,891, po- tatoes 40,734, hops 583 pounds ; 71 stores, cap. .?il41,675 ; 5 lumber yards, cap. .$17,000 ; 5 forges, 3 fulling ra., 3 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 124 sp., n tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 27 grist m., 35 saw m., 5 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 8109,838. 3 acad. 107 students, 29 sch. 1,050 scholars. Pop. 1830, 15,432 ; 1840, whites 13,329, slaves 1,352, free col'd 2,551 ; total, 17,232. Ceciltow.v, p-v., Cecil co., Md., 78 n. e. An- napolis, 1 12 W. Cecil, t., Washington co., Pa., 10 n. e. Wash- ington, Pa. The surface is various ; soU, loam. Coal is abundant. 3Iiller's branch of Chartiers cr. passes through it. It contains a Presbyterian church. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 3 flouring m., 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 88,000 ; 3 sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 1,027. Cecil's Tavern, p-o., Anne Arundel co., Md., 30 N. w. Annapolis, 33 W. Cedar, county, Iowa, situated in the central part of the Ter. Watered by Cedar cr. and its branches. Rock run. Rock cr., and Sugar cr. Wabesipinica r. passes through its n. e. comer. Capital, Tipton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,274, sheep 328, swine 345 ; wheat 14,464 bush, produced, Ind. corn 49.317, oats 12,120, potatoes 8,731, sugar 13,529 pounds ; 3 stores, cap. $1,500 ; 2 flouring m., 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Pop. 1,253. Cedar, t., Boone co.. Mo. Pop. 3,313. Cedar, t., Callaway co., 3Io. It has 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 1,896. Cedar, p-o., Lj\-ingston co., Mich., 59 w. by n. Detroit, 562 W. Cedar Bluff, p-v., capital of Cherokee co., Ala., 152 N. e. Tuscaloosa, 677 W. Cedar Branch, p-o., Campbell co., Ga. Cedar Creek, t.. Cooper co.. Mo. It has 2 sch. 42 scholars. Pop. 664. Cedar Creek, p-o., Monmouth co., N. J., 46 s. E. Trenton, 207 W. Cedar Creek, pnv. and hundred, Sussex co., Del. It has 5 stores, cap. $6,500; 10 grist m., 6 saw m., 2 sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 2,420. Cedar Creek, p-o., Frederick co., Va., 158 n. N. w. Richmond, 86 W. Cedar Creek, p-o., Richland dist., S. C, 14 e. C olurabia, 514 W. Cedar Grove, p-o., Franklin co., la., 76 e. s. e. Indianapolis, 521 W. Cedar Grove Mills, p-o., Rockbridge co., Va., 153 w. Richmond, 195 W. It contains 2 stores, and 1 flouring m. Cedar Hill, p-o., Bethlehem t^ Albany co., N. Y., 8 s. by w\ Albany, 363 W. Cedar Hill, p-o., Anson co., N. C, 155 s. w. Raleigh, 400 W. Cedar Lake, p-o., Calhoun co., Mich., 110 w. Detroit, 575 W. Cedar Lake, p-o.. Lake co., la. Cedar Lawn, p-o., Lunenburg co., Va^ 104 s. w. Richmond, 220 W. Cedar Plains, p-o., Morgan co., Ala., 124 n. N. E. Tuscaloosa, 747 W. Cedar River, p-o.. Cedar co., Iowa. Cedar Shoals, p-o., Chester dist., S. C, 57 N. Columbia, 450 W. Cedar Spring, p-o., Cumberland co.. Pa. Cedar Spri.vgs, p-o^ Spartanburg dist., S. C, 96 N. w. Columbia, 477 W. Cedar Swamp, p-v., Oyster Bay t., Queens CO., N. Y., 173 s. by e. Albany, 253 W. Cedartow.v, p-v., capital of Paulding co., Ga., 151 N. w. Milledge\-ille, 691 W. Situated on the .N. side of Tallapoosa r. It contains the usual coimty buildings. Ced.\r Vallev, p-o^ Wayne co„ O. Cedarville, p-v., Litchfield t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 79 w. by n. Albany, 333 W. It has 2 churches, 2 stores, 1 tannery, and a number of dwellings. Cedarville, p-v., Fairfield t., Cumberland CO., N. J., 75 s. by w. Trenton, 186 W. It is pleasantly situated on Cedar cr., 4 ms. from its mouth. It has 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., an extensive button fac, and 60 dwellings. It has some trade in wood and lumber. Cedarville, p-o., Washington co., Va., 297 w. by s. Richmond, 365 W. Celina. p-v., capital of Mercer co., O., 127 w. N. w. Columbus, 507 W. Situated on the n. of the Grand Reservoir of the Miami canal, which will be 10 ms. long and 5 broad, when completed. It has a court house, 1 Presbyterian church, 3 stores, 75 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. Celina, p-o., Jackson co., Tenn^ 91 e. Nash- ville, 630 W. Ce.\tenx.ary College, p-o., Rankin county. Miss. Central, t., St. Louis co.. Mo. It has 5 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 1,924. Central, p-o., Columbia co., Pa., 118 n. by e Harrisburg, 228 W. CEN 112 CEN Central Bridge, p-o., Schoharie t., Schoharie CO., N. Y., 32 w. Albany, 3S8 W. Central Sciuare, p-o., HastinKS t., Oswego CO., N. Y., 144 w. N. w. Albany, 365 W. Central Plains, p-o., Fluvanna co., Va. Central Point, p-o., Caroline co., Va. Central Village, p-v., Wmdham co., Ct., 43 E. Hartford, 374 W^. Situated on the Norwich and Worcester railroad. Centre, p-t.. Perry co., Pa., 36 n. w. Harrisburg, 124 W. It has 5 stores, cap. $20,300 ; 2 furnaces, 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in nianufac. $22,725. 2 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 982. Centre, county, Pa., situated in the central part of the state, and contains 1,560 sq. ms. It has a branch of the Susquehanna river on the w. and is drained by Bald Eagle and Penn's creeks. The sui-face is rocky and mountainous, and the soil is indifferent, exceptmg on the streams, where it is good. It produces grain, cattle, lumber, and iron. Capital, Bellefonte. There were in 1840, neat cattle 15,494, sheep 17,485, swine 29,961 ; wheat 313,511 bush, produced, rye 141,045, Ind. com 204,122, buckwheat 8,946, barley 10,189, oats 228,601, potatoes 107,547 ; 87,000 bush, bitumin- ous coal produced ; 48 stores, cap. $158,950 ; 7 furnaces, 9 forges, 3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 20 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 35 grist m., 61 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $173,000. 2 acad. 53 students, 79 sch. 2,770 scholars. Pop. 1830, 18,879 ; 1840, 20,492. Centre, t.. Green co.. Pa. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Drained by Ten Mile cr. and its branches. It contains the v. of Clinton. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 fulling m., 4 distille- ries, 3 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in man- ufee. $11,815. 9 sch. 197 scholars. Pop. 1,503. Centre t., Indiana co., Pa. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam and clay. Drained by Yellow and Twolick creeks, which flow into Blacklick r. It has 2 stores, cap. $900 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- neries, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8, 150. 1 acad. 33 students, 4 sch. 148 scholars. Pop. 1,615. Centre, t.. Union co.. Pa. The surface is di- versified ; soil, partly calcareous loam. Drained by Penn's, and Little Mahonialy, or Middle crs. It contains the villages of Middleburg and Cen- treville. It has 5 stores, cap. 20,000 ; 3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $3,600. Pop. 1,891. Centre, p-o.. Barren co., Ky., 106 s. w. Frank- fort, 629 W. Centre, p-o., Guilford co., N. C, 88 w. n. w. Raleigh, 313 W. Centre, p-o., Talbot co., Ga., 87 w. s. w. Mil- ledgoville, 731 W. Centre, p-o., Delaware co., O., 32 n. Colum- bus, 402 W. Centre, t.,VV^oodco.,0. It has 2 sch. 49 scho- lars. Pop. 98. Centre, t., Morgan co., O. It has 3 grist m., 1 saw m. C:ap. in manufac. $4,625. 7 sch. 209 scholars. Pop. 1,171. Centre, t., Williams co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,300 ; 1 sch. 24 scholars. Pop. 339. Centre, p-t.. Grant co., la., 67. n. n. e. Indian- apolis, 568 W. Centre t, Monroe co., O. It has 3 sch. 71 scholars. Pop. 1,740. Centre, t., Mercer co., O. Pop. 159. *^rf7'^*J^' h t^uernsey co., O., situated a little E. ot Cambridge, on the national road It has 4 sch. 104 scholars. Pop. 1,159. Centre, t., Carroll co., O. It contains Carroll- ton v., the capital of the co. It has 3 sch. 66 scho- lars. Pop. 441. Centre, t., Crawford co., O. It has 1 ech. 13 scholars. Pop. 132. Centre, t., Columbiana co., O. It contains the V. of New Lisbon, the capital of the co. nie Little Beaver r. runs through the t., and also the Sandy and Beaver canal. Pop. 3,197. Centre, t., Hancock co., la. It has 8 stores, cap. $41,725; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,900. 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 722. Centre, t., Wayne co., la. It has 1 acad. 75 students, 10 sch. 318 scholars. Pop. 3,058. Centre, t., Marion co., la. (See Indianapolis.) Centre Almond, p-o.. Almond t., Alleghany CO., N. Y., 250 w. by s. Albany, 325 W. Centre Barnstead, p-o., Barnstead t., Bel- knap CO., N. H., 21 N. E. Concord, 502 W. Centre Belphri, p-o., Washington co., O., 110 E. s. E. Columbus, 311 W. Centre Berlin, p-o., Berlin t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 28 e. Albany, 385 W. Centreburg, p-v., Liberty t., Knox co., O., 36 N. E. Columbus, 391 W. Situated on the s. side of the N. Fork of Licking r. It contains 1 store and 12 dwellings. Centre Cambridge, p-o., Cambridge t., Wash- ington CO., N. Y., 39 N. N. e. Albany, 409 W. Centre Conway, p-o., Conway t., Carroll co., N. 11., 72 N. n. w. Concord, 556 W Centre Farming ton, p-o., Farmington town, Trumbull co., O., 169 n. e. Columbus, 317 W. Centrefield, p-v., Canandaigua t., Ontario CO., N. Y., 199 w. by n. Albany, 345 W. It con- tains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal church, 1 store, and 20 dwellings. Centre Gorham, p-o., Gorham t., Ontario co., N. Y., 201 w. by n. Albany, 335 W. Centre Groton, Groton t.. New London co., Ct., 48 s. e. Hartford, 353 W. Centre Grove, p-o., Leake co.. Miss., 58 n. e. Jackson, 973 W. Centre Harbor, p-t., Belknap co., N. H., 41 N. Concord, 522 W. It has Winnipiseogee lake on the s. e. border, and Squam lake on the n. w. Tlie surface is varied, and the soU generally a fertile loam. First settled in 1765. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500 ; 2sawm. Cap. in manufec. $142,575. 6 sell. 211 scholars. Pop. 579. Centre Hill, p-v., Bucks county, Pa., Ill e. Harrisburg, 173 W. Centre Independence, p-o.. Independence t., Alleghany co., N. Y ., 270 w. by s. Albany, 306 W. Centre Lebanon, p-o., Lebanon t., York co., Me., 91 s. w. Augusta. 513 W. Centre Lincolnville, p-o., Lincolnville t., Waldo CO., Me., 44 E. s. e. Augusta, 633 W. Centre Line, p-o.. Centre co.. Pa., 105 n. w. Harrisburg, 174 W. Centre Minot, p-o., Minot t., Cumberland co.. Me., 41 s. w. Augusta, 582 W. Centre Montville, p-o., Montville t., Wal- do CO., Me., 32 E. by n. Augusta, 628 W. Centre Moreland, p-v., Luzerne co.. Pa., 136 n. n. e. Harrisburg, 245 W. Centre Ossipee, p-o., Ossipee t., Carroll co., N. H., 57 N. by e. Concord, 53S W. Centre Point, p-o., Monroe co., Ky., 143 s. s. w. Frankfort, 656 W. Centre Port, p-v., Huntington t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 192 s. s. E. Albany, 272 W. Situated on Great Cow Harbor, and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 mill, and 15 or 20 dwellmgs. Centrefort, p-o., Wayne co., Mich., 16 s. w. DeUoit, 540 W. Centre Sandwich, p-o.. Sandwich t., Carroll CO., N. II., 51 N. Concord, 532 W. Centre Sherman, p-o., Sherman t., Chan- tauque CO., N. Y., 358 w. by s. Albany, 342 W. CEN 113 CHA Centre Sidney, p-o., Sidney t., Kennebec co., Me., 12 N. Augusta, 607 W. Centre Strafford, p-o., Strafford t., and co., N. H., 29 N. E. Concord, 510 W. Ce.vtretown, p-o., Mercer co., Pa., 225 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 272 W. Centre Vill.\ge, p-v., Camden co., Ga. Centreville, p-v., Barnstable t., Barnstable CO., Ms., 78 s. E. Boston, 476 W. It contains a Congregational church and several dwellings. Centreville, p-v., Warwick t., Kent co., R. I., 11 s. s. w. Providence, 397 W. Situated on the E. side of Pavvtuxet r. It contains a Method- ist church, 2 cotton fac, several stores and dwel- lings. Centreville, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 265 w. by s. Albany, 342 W. The surface is undu- lating ; soil, argillaceous mould, adapted equally to grass and to grain. At the post-office is a small V. There are in the t., 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,250. 7 sch. 236 scholars. Pop. 1,513. Centreville, p-o., Hunterdon co., N. J., 32 N. Trenton, 192 W. Centreville, v., Slippery Rock t., Butler co., Pa., contains 5 stores, and 50 or 60 buildings, chiefly of brick. Centreville, p-v., Crawford co., Pa., 237 n. w. Harrisburg, 318 W. Centreville, p-v., Washington t., Montgom- ery CO., O., 9 s. by e. Dayton, 75 w. s. w. Colum- bus, 468 W. It contains 3 churches, 3 stores, about 60 dwellings, and about 450 inhabitants. It is beautifully situated on elevated ground, siu"- rounded by a well cultivated country. The build- ings are chiefly constructed of stone, quarried on the spot. Centreville, p-v., capital of St. Joseph co., Mich., 139 w. s. w. Detroit, 587 W. It is pleas- antly situated on Prairie r. It has a court house, jail, 3 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., and a prmt- ing office. It is tlie seat of one of the branches of the University of Michigan. Centreville, p-v.. New Castle co., Del., 54 N. Dover, 127 W. Centreville, v., Mt. Pleasant t., Wayne co.. Pa. Centreville, p-v., capital of Queen Anne CO., Md., 39 E. by n. Annapolis, 79 W. It con- tains a court house, a jail, a Methodist church, an academy, and about 60 buildings. Centreville, p-v., Fairfax co., Va., 114 n. Richmond, 28 W. It occupies an elevated and healthy position, with fine views of the smTound- ing country, and contains a Methodist church, 3 stores, 2 tarmeries, several mechanics, 40 dwel- lings, and 240 inhabitants. Centreville, p-v., Laurens dist., S. C, 91 n. W. Columbia, 499 W. Centreville, p-v., Wilkes co., Ga., 77 n. n. E. Milledge\-ille, 532 W. Centreville, p-v., capital of Bibb co., Ala., 38 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 806 W. Situated on the E. side of Cahawba r., at the lowei- falls. It con- tains a court house, and several stores and dwel- lings. Centreville, p-v., Amitie co.. Miss., 117 s. s. w. Jackson, 1,117 W. SiUiated at the head of Dawsons cr., a branch of Amitie r. Centreville, p-v., St. Mary's par.. La., 139 w. by s. New Orleans, 1,111 W. Situated on the s. side of Bayou Teche. Centreville, p-v., Bourbon co., Ky., 28 e. Frankfort, 515 W. Centreville, p-v., capital of Hickman co., Tenn., 54 s. w. Nashville, 378 W. Situated on the s. side of Duck cr., a branch of Tennessee r. 15 It contains a court house, a jail, a church, and sev- eral dwelljjigs. Centreville, p-v., capital of Wayne co., la., 62 E. Indianapolis, 509 W. Situated on the e. side of White- water r. It contains a court house and several stores and dwellings. Centreville, p-o., Wabash co.. 111., 159 s. e. Springfield, 721 W. Centre White Creek, p-v.. White Creek t., Washington co., N. Y., 39 n. e. Albany, 409 W. It contains 1 Baptist church, 1 store, and 25 or 30 dwellings, not very compact. Ceres, t., McKean co.. Pa., 16 n. w.. Smith- port. The surface is rolling ; soil, gravel and loam. Drained by Tunangwant, Willow, Su- gar, and Kenjua crs. It has 2 stores, cap. .$9,000 ; 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,650. 4 sch. 1 12 scholars. Pop. 625. Cerestown, p-v., Keating t., McKean co., Pa., 193 N. w. Harrisburg, 303 W. Situated on a branch of the Alleghany r. It contams a mill, and 6 or 8 dwellings. Cerulean Springs, p-v., Trigg co., Ky., 223 s. w. by w. Frankfort, 11 n. Cadiz, the capital of the CO., 747 W. Situated on the Muddy Fork of Little r. About 100 persons resort here every season, for health or pleasure. Cessna, t., Hardin co., O., pop. 258. Chagrin Falls,p-v., Orange t., Cuyahoga co., O., 153 N. E. Columbus, 311 "W. It contains 2 churches, 1 paper m., and 2 woollen fac. Pop. 200. Chalk Level, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 150 s. w. Richmond, 233 W. Chalk Level, p-o., Cumberland co., N. C, 44 s. Raleigh, 332 W. Chalk Level, p-v., Humplircys co., Term., 70 w. Nashville. Chalmers, p-o., Niagara t., Niagara co., N. Y., 291 w. by N. Albany, 410 W. Chamberland, p-v., McNairy co., Tenn., 146 s. w. by w. Nashville, 823 W. Chambers, county, Ala., situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 700 sq. ms. The Chat- tahoochee r. washes its e. border. Surface, un- dulating; soil, fertile. Capital, La Fayette. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,931, sheep 5,588, swine 32,262; wheat 42,651 bush, produced, Ind. com 419,135, oats 14,124, potatoes 17,192, rice 3,600 pounds, tobacco 3,100, cotton 513,037, silk cocoons 200 ; 28 stores, cap. $13S,100 ; 10 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $50,700. 8 acad. 427 stu- dents, 21 sch. 680 scholars. Pop. whites 10,183, slaves 7,141, free col'd 4 ; total, 17,333. Cn.^MBERsr.URG, p-b.. Capital of Franklin co.. Pa., 45 s. w. Harrisburg, 90 W. It is finely sit- uated in the valley of Conecocheague creek, a branch of the Potomac r. Founded in 1764. It has a court house of brick, which cost $50,000 ; the county offices, a fine banking house, 8 church- es — 1 Presbyterian, 2 German Reformed, 1 Lu- theran, 1 Methodist, 1 United Brethren, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 African 3Iethodist. It has 38 stores, cap. $135,400; 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 1 pa- per fac, 1 cotton fac, 1 woollen fac, 1 oil m., 1 edge tool fac, 2 flouring m., in one of which straw paper is also manufactured, 4 printing offices, one of which belongs to the German Reformed church of the state, 4 weekly and 1 semi-weekly news- papers, an insurance company, a saving lund so- ciety, and numerous mechanic and manufactur- ing establishments. Cap. in manufac. $131,450. 4 acad. 120 students, 6 sch. 205 scholars. Pop. in 1840, 3,239 ; 1842, 4,030. The Conecocheague and Falling Spring crs. imite in the borough, and afford good water power. Chambersburg, p-v., Butler t., Montgomery CO., O., 75 s. w. Columbus, 463 W. CHA 114 CHA Chambersburg, p-v., Pike co., 111., 63 vv.by s. Springfield, 843 W. Chambers, C;. H., or La Fayette, p-v., capital of Chambers co., Ala., 164 e. by s. Tuscaloosa, 769 W. It contains the court house, and a few dwellings. Chambers Mill.?, p-o., Buckingham co., Va., 81 w. Richmond, 155 W. Chambersburg, v., West t., Columbia co., O. Pop. 82. Chamblissburg, p-v., Bradford co., Va., 156 w. by s. Richmond, 231 W. Cha.meleon Springs, p-o., Edmonson co., Ky., 135 s. w. Franlifort, 658 W. Champaign, county, O. Situated toward the w. part of the state, and contains 464 sq. ms. The surface is generally level, in some parts roll- ing, and in some, low and wet. The soil is very productive. Watered by Mad r., and Buck, Net- tle, Chapman's, King's, and Stony creeks. The Mad River and Erie railroad is designed to run through the county. Capital, Urbanna. There were in 1840, neat cattle 15,356, sheep 36,450, swine 13,669 ; wheat 160,624 bush, produced, rye 8,089, Ind. com 292,502, buckwheat 786, barley 2,776, oats 206,536, potatoes 32,795, silk cocoons 50 pounds, sugar 132,2'J2, hops 1,369 ; 23 stores, cap. $15,950 ; 1 fulling m., ) woollen fac, 11 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 6 grist m., 29 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office. Cap. in raanufac. $4,000. 50 sch. 1,211 schol- ars. Pop. 1830, 12,130; 1840,16,721. Champaign, county. 111. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 792 sq. ms. The surface is undulating, with large prairies, the soil is fertile. Drained by Embarrass, Kaskaskia, Sangamon, Illinois, and Verradlion rivers. Capi- tal, Urbanna. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,754, sheep 1,864, swine 5,554 ; wheat 5,975 bush, produced, Ind. corn 96,205, oats 16,895, po- tatoes 3,153, tobacco 1,427 poimds ; 3 stores, cap. $10,750 ; 1 woollen fac, 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. m manufac. $1,200. 2 sch. 53 scholars. Pop. 1830, 12,131; 1840, 1,475. Champion, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 12 e. Wa- tertown, 152 n. w. Albany, 428 W. The surface is liilly, and the soil fertile. Watered by Black r. and its tributaries. The village contains 1 Presbyterian church, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inliabitants. Pop. of the t., 2,206 There are in the t., 3 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 1 fuU- uig m., 3 tanneries, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufiic. $13,jOO. 1 acad. 30 students, 17 sch. 593 schol- ars. Pop. 2,206. Champion South Road, p-o.. Champion t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 152 n. w. Albany 420 W Champion, t., Trumbell co., O., about 5 miles N.ol Warren. It has 6 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 541. Champlain, p-t., and port of entry, Clmtonco., w \'}^^ ^-j^y K- Albany, 15 n. Platusburg, 560 W .It has Lake Champlain on its e. border The surface is level on the e., and hilly on the w. 1 he soil IS generally a fertile clay loam. It is (Iramcd by Chazy r., in which fijie salmon are taken, and which affords water power The v IS situated on Chazy r., 5 ms. from its mouth, and has 1 iresbytcnan and 1 Methodist church 7 stores, 1 grist n.., 6 saw m., 1 cloth dres.sina and (■arding machine, 1 tannery, 60 dwelling!; and about 400 mhal.iuints. During high Nvate.-, the r IS navigable to the village for sloops, and for the remainder of the year, to within 1 mile. There arc m the t., 16 stores, cap. $113,100 ; 2 furnaces 4 tanneries, 4 grist m., 23 saw m. Cap in man' ufac. $80,1 10. 10 sch. 286 scholars, l^op 3 6?^ Champlain Lake, lies between the states of JNew \ork and Vermont. It extends Irom Wliite- hall, N. Y., to the 45° n. lat. 116 miles, and ex- tends about 4 miles further into Canada, making its whole length 120 miles. It is navigated to St. John's, Canada, 20 miles from the line. Its breadth is from half a mile to 10 miles ; but in- cluding the expanse which contains its large islands, it is 15 ms. wide. Its broadest part, un- obstructed by islands, is opposite to Burlington, Vt. Its cliief islands are North Hero, South Hero, and La Motte, which, with some smaller islands, and the peninsula of Albury, constitute Grand Isle county, Vermont. Tliis lake was dis- covered by Samuel Champlain, a French noble- man, in 1609. It was the theatre of many im- portant military operations, ui the French, Revo- lutionary, and late war. The scenery along its shores is highly picturesque, and rendered grand by the lofty mountauis, at a little distance from it, on both sides. It forms an important medium of commerce, and is navigated by steamboats, and by many sloops, generally from 80 to 100 tons burden. It receives a number of consider- able rivers, the largest of which are from Ver- mont. Its outlet is Sorelle or Richelieu r., by which it discharges its waters into the St. Law- rence. The Champlain canal, 64 miles long, con- nects it with Hudson r. on the s., and cost $1,079,872. It abounds with fish, among which are salmon, lake shad, pike, and other fish. It is generally frozen entirely over, and is passed on the ice, m winter. The broad lake closes about the first of February, and opens early in March. The narrow parts continue frozen considerably longer. Chanceford, p-t., York co., Pa., 47 s. s. e. Harrisburg, 97 W. It has 5 stores, cap. $7,500 ; 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,115. 7 sch. 140 schol- ars. Pop. 1,439. Chancellorsville, p-o., Spottsylvania co., Va., 72 n. Richmond, 66 W. Chandlerville, t., Somerset co.. Me., drain- ed by Sebasticook r. It has 1 store, cap. $7,110; 1 saw m., 7 sch. 145 scholars. Pop. 372. Chaneyville, p-o., Morgan co., O., 75 e. by s. Columbus, 334 W. Channing, t., Lenawee co., 3Iich. Pop. 40. Channohan, p-o., Will CO., III., 156 n. e. Springfield, 751 W. Chantilly, p-o., Fairfax co., Va., 127 N.Rich- mond, 27 W. Chantilly, p-o., Lincoln co., Mo., 88 s. e. Jef- ferson city, 869 W. Chapel Hill, p-v.. Orange co., N. C, 28 n. w. Raleigh, 286 W. Situated on New Hope r., a branch of Cape Fear r. The situation is eleva- ted and healthy. The country around is hilly, with fine water, and a very fertile soil. The v. contains from 30 to 40 houses, and derives its chief importance from the University of North Carolina, of wliich it is the seat. This respecta- ble institution was founded in 1789, and is hand- somely endowed. It has a president and 8 pro- fessors or other instructors, has had 674 alumni, 70 of whom have been ministers of the gospel, has 171 students, and 9,000 vols, in its libraries. The commencement is on the first Thursday in June. Chapel Hill, p-v., Marshall co., Tenn., 38 s. Nashville, 701 W. CiiAPELsauRG, p-o., Humplirey t., Cattaraugus CO., N. v., 305 w. by s. Albany, 320 W. Chapinville, p-o., Litchfield co., Ct., 56 w. Hartford, 318 W. Chapinville, p-o., Hopewell t., Ontario co., N. Y., 198 w. Albany, 344 W. Chaplain, p-o.. Nelson co., Ky., 37 s. w. Frankfurt, 579 W. CHA 115 CHA Chaplin, p-t., Windham co., Ct., 37 e. by n. Hartford, 366 W. It was formed in 1832 from Mansfield, Hampton, and Windham. Watered by Natcliaug r., a branch of Shetucket r. It has a good soil, particularly adapted to grazing. It has 3 stores, cap. $7,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, $45,300. 5 sch. 186 scholars. Pop. 794. Ch.^pman, p-t.. Union co., Pa., 42 n. by w. Harrisburg, 152 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel and alluvion. Watered by Mahantango cr., affording water power. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000; 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Pop. 1,297. Chapmax, t., Clinton co.. Pa. It has 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. inmanufac. $1,000. Pop. 622. Chapmanville, p-o., Logan co., Va., 361 w. Richmond, 398 W. Chapola, river, Flor. and Ala., a branch of the Apalachicola r., 45 ms. long. Chappel's Cross Roads, p-o., Surry co., N. Carolina. Chappel's Ferry, p-o., Newberry dist., S. C, 63 w. N. w. Columbia, 528 W. Chaptico, p-v., St. Mary's co., Md., 75 s. An- napolis, 52 W. CiLVRDON, p-t, capital of Geauga co., O., 170 N. E. ColumlDus, 338 W. It has a good soil, and is well cultivated. The v. is situated on the height of land between Grand, Cuyahoga, and Chagrin rivers, GOO feet above Lake Erie, 14 ms. s. of Fairport, on the lake. I has a court house, a jail, and a church. Pop. 446. There are in the t., 9 stores, cap. $3,275 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tanne- ry, 1 printing office. Cap. in manufac. $20,604. 14 sch. 518 scholars. Pop. 1,064. Charette, t., Warren co.. Mo. It has 3 sch. 72 scholars. Pop. 1,332. Chariton, county. Mo. Situated centrally in the N. part of the state, and has Grand r., on the w. and the Missouri on the s. It contains 832 sq. ms. Chariton r. passes through it. Capital, Keytesville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,659, sheep 4,088, swine 15,571 ; wheat 8,162 bush, produced, Ind. corn 180,600, oats 25,304, po- tatoes 11,125, tobacco 946,090 pounds ; 15 stores, cap. ,$95,3;)0 ; 8 grist m., 8 saw. Cap. in manu- fac. $38,975. 2 acad. 130 students, 6 sch. 123 scholars. Pop. in 1830, 1,788; 1840, whites 3,709, slaves 1,017, free col'd 20 ; total, 4,746. Chariton, river, Mo., rises in Iowa ter., and after a course s. of 130 ms., it falls into the Mis- souri r. at the extreme s. point of Chariton co. It is boatable for 50 miles. Chariton, p-o., St. Mary's par., La., 153 w. by s. New Orleans, 1,306 W. Chariton, t., Howard co., 3Io. It has 4 sch. 133 scholars. Pop. 3,113. CiLVRiTON, p-v., Chariton co., Mo., 75 n. w. Jefferson city, 9iO W. It is on the n. bank of Missouri r., at the mouth of Chariton r. Chariton, t., Macon co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 806. Charlemont, p-t., Franklin co., Ms., 109 w. by N. Boston, 415 W. Incorporated in 1765. Watered by Deerfield r., which affords good water power. The surface is mountainous ; but the soil is good, particularly for grazing. It has some manufactures. It has 1 furnace ; 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 grist m., 5 saw m., 2 tanneries, 7 sch. 305 scholars. Pop. 1,127. Charles, county, Md. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, on the Potomac r. It contains 450 sq. ms. The surface is broken, and the soil moderately good. Capital, Port Tobacco. There were in J 840, neat cattle 9,270, sheep 10,147, swine 14,757; wheat 91,231 bush, produced, rye 4,533, Ind. corn 297,137, oats 40,992, potatoes 6,366, tobacco 3,265,371 pounds ; 29 stores, cap $44,200 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $4,000 ; 1 tannery, 17 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 25 sch. 647 scholars. Pop. 1830, 17,666; 1840, whites 6,022, slaves 9,182, free col'd 819; total, 16,023. Charles City, county, Va. Situated cen- trally in the s. e. part of tlie state, and has Chick- aiiominy r. on the n., and James r. on the s. It contains 208 sq. ms. The surface is rolling. Grain, flour, and tobacco are its principal pro- ductions. Capital, Charles City C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,496, sheep 2,270, swine 6,029 ; wheat 36,020 bush, produced, Ind. corn 117,816, oats 45,275, potatoes 3,520, cotton 2,010 pounds ; 15 stores, cap. $15,900 ; 1 tannery, 6 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $11,300. 3 acad. 53 students, 4 sch. 87 scholars. Pop. 1830, 5,500 ; 1840, whites 1,171, slaves 2,433, free col'd 670 ; total, 4,774. Charles City, C. H., p-v., capital of Charles City CO., Va., 45 s. e. by e. Richmond, 162 W. Situated near the centre of the co., n. of James r. It contains a court house, clerk's office, tavern, and a single private dwelling. Charles, r., Ms., rises near the state of R. I., and after a circuitous course, enters Boston har- bor. It is navigable to Watertown, 7 w. Boston. Charleston, dist., S. C. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, and contains 2,244 sq. ms. The surface is low, and liable to be overflowed. It has the Santee r. on its n. e. boundary. Drained by A.shly and Cooper rivers. A canal, uniting the Cooper and Santee rivers, passes through it, as does the s. e. part of the South Carohna railroad. Capital, Charleston. There were in 1840, neat cattle 30,060, sheep 11,296, swine 17,438 ; Ind. corn 397,151 bush, produced, oats 120,252, potatoes 619,507, rice 11,938,7.50 pounds, silk cocoons 250, cotton 2,130,224, sugar 30,000 ; 400 bush, salt ; 61 commercial and com. houses in for. trade, cap. $3,563,750 ; 582 retail stores, cap. $3,575,100 ; 10 lumber yards, capital, $75,000 ; 2 tanneries, 3 flouring m., 19 grist m., 21 saw m., 8 printing offices, 5 binderies, 4 peri- odicals, 3 daily, 3 weekly, 2 semi-weekly news- papers. Cap. in manufac. $1,078,630. 19 acad. 1,008 students, 28 sch. 1,558 scholars. Pop. 1830, 86,333 ; 1840, whites 20,921, slaves 53,539, free col'd 3,201 ; total, 82,661. Charleston, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 98 n. E. Augusta, 689 W. It has a fertile soil, adapted to grain. It has 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,400. Pop. 1,269. Charleston, city and sea])ort of S. Carolina, and capital of a district of the same name, is the largest city in the Atlantic states s. of the Poto- mac, and the 9th in population in the United States, and is situated on a tongue of land formed by the junction of Ashley and Cooper rivers. It is in 32° 47' n. lat. and 79° 64' w. Ion. from Greenwich ; and 3° w. Ion. from W. It is 124 s. s. E. from Cokunbia ; 1 18 n. e. from Savannah ; 590 s. s. w. from Baltimore ; 780 s. s. w. from New York ; 540 s. s. w. from W. The popula- tion in 1790 was 16,359; in 1800, 18,711; in 1810, 24,711; in 1820, 24,780; in 1S3;), 30,289 ; in 1840, 29,261 ; of which 14,673 were slaves. Employed in commerce 676, in manufactures and trades 1,025, in navigating the ocean 292, learned professions 226. Academies and gram, mar schools 14, with 861 students; 13 common and primary schools, with 574 scholars, of which 568 were at the public charge. 5 wliite persons over 20 could neither read nor write. The bay formed at the junction of Asldey and Cooper rivers is 2 miles wide, and extends s. of £. 7 miles to its entrance intathe Atlantic, below CHA 116 CHA Sullivan's Island. Ashley is 2,100 yards wide opposite the town, and Cooper is 1,100 ; and both are deep, and navigable for large vessels. A sand bar extends across the mouth of the har- bor, but has four entrances, the deepest of which, passing very near Sullivan's Island, has 17 ieet of water at high tide. It is defended by fort Moultrie, which, though then comparatively a weak fortress, repulsed a powerful attack of the British fleet, June 28fh, 1776, under Sir Peter Parker. It is further defended by Fort Pinkney, on an island 2 miles below the city, and by Fort Johnson 4 miles below. The harbor is open to easterly winds, and storms from that quarter are often troublesome to the shipping at the wharves. The ground on which Charleston is built is raised but about 7 feet above high tide, so that parts of the city have been overllowed, when the wind and tide have combined to raise the waters, though it has not often occurred. The streets, which are from 35 to 70 feet in width, extend from E. to w. from the Cooper to the Ashley r., and are intersected by others at nearly right angles, running from n. to s. Many of the houses are of brick, while others are of wood, many of them painted white, which, with the profusion of foliage by which they are commonly surrounded, gives them a beautiful appearance. The iiouses are generally elegant, and they are often fur- nished with piazzas which extend to the roof, and are ornamented with vines. The gardens are adorned with orange, peach, and other trees, and a variety of shrubbery ; while the streets are often lined with the Pride of India, and other beau- tiful trees. Refinement and hospitality charac- terize the Society of Charleston ; tiie city is con- sidered more healthy during the summer montns than the surrounding country. It contains 24 churches, 5 Episcopal, 4 Presbyterian, 4 Metho- dist, 3 Roman Catholic, 2 Baptist, 2 German Lu- theran, 1 French Protestant, 1 Jews' Synagogue, and 1 Bethel. Among the public buildings are the city hall, the exchange, a court house, jail, 2 arsenals, a theatre, 2 college halls, an almshouse, and an or- phan asylum. The orphan asylum accommo- dates 150 destitute children. The literary and philosophical society has a fine collection of ob- jects in natural history, and the academy of fine arts possesses some valuable paintings. The city library contains about fifteen thousand vol- umes. St. Philips parish or the neck, virtually a part of the city, contains a population of 11,000; it is adorned with plantations in a high state of culti- vation. Moultrieville, on Sullivan's Island, at the mouth of the harbor, is a small but pleasant town, and tlie refreshing breezes from the ocean cause it to be much resorted to from the city during the summer and autumnal months. The commerce of Charleston is extensive com- prismg that of nearly the whole of the state Its tonnage in 1840, was 29,250. There were in 1840, 27 lor. commercial and 34 commission houses, with a cap. of $3 563 750 • 428 retail stores, cap. §3,317,450 ; 7 lumber v'ards' cap. *00,000 ; 3 grist m., 4 saw m., w«h I toS cap <,f 9334000 ; 8 printing oflices,'5 binderiS daily, 3 weekly and 2 semi-weekly newspapers and 4 periodicals, with a cap. of )'!120 000- 84 brick and stone houses, and 26 wooden' built at the cost of $'J27,700. Total capital in nianufic $770,500. "'anuiac. There are three lines of packets which plvbe tween tlus city and New York. One line Im 6 f liips, one of which sails from each place, every 5 days. Another consists of 8 brigs, one of which sails every 4tli day. 'ITiere is another line con- sisting of 6 brigs. A canal of 22 ms. in length, connects the harbor with the Santee r. A rail- road extends 136 miles to Hamburg, on the Sa- vannah. The college of Charleston has in its scientific department, 60 students and a library of 3,000 volumes. There are in the city 20 churches, of which the Episcopalians have 4, the Presbyteri- ans 3, the Methodists 3, the Congregationalists 2, the Roman < 'atholics 2, and various others. There are 6 newspapers published here, 3 of which are issued daily, 1 semi-weekly, and 2 weekly. The city is divided into 4 wards. Charleston was first settled in 1680. In 1690 a colony of French refugees, exiled in conse- quence of the revocation of the edict of Nantz, settled in Carolina, and some of them in Charles- ton, from whom some of its present respectable inhabitants are descended. At the close of 1779, the city was captured by the British, who had possession of it until the middle of the following May. In 1778, a fire consumed 252 hou.ses, and another in 1796, destroyed about one third of the city, at a loss of $2,500,000. P'rom 1830 to 1840, the population diminished 1,028. CiiARLE.sTON, p-t., Montgomery co., N. Y., 40 w. N. w. Albany, 3J9 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay, sand, and gravelly loam. It has Schoharie r. on the e., which affords mill seats. Drained by small branches of Mohawk r. It has 6 stores, cap. $26,600 ; 1 fulling ra., 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. ('ap. in manufac. $17,070. 14 sch. 841 scholars. Pop. 2,103. Charleston, p-t., Tioga co.. Pa., 146 n. Har- risburg, 256 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,100 ; 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,650. 2 sch. 45 scho- lars. Pop. 1,010. Charleston, p-t., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 127 w. Detroit, 592 W. It has 4 sch. 234 scholars. Pop. 605. Charleston, p-v., capital of Clarke co., la., 101 s. s. E. Indianapolis, 589 W. Charleston, p-v., Peoria co., EL, 91 n. Spring- field, 805 W. Charleston, p-v., Bradley co., Tenn., 167 s. e. Nashville, 570 W. Charleston, t., Orleans co., Vt., 55 n. n. e. Montpelier. Watered by several ponds with their outlets, which discharge their waters into Clyde r., which enters Lake Memphremagog. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,375. 5 sch. 134 scholars. Pop. 731. Charleston, p-o., Jackson co., Iowa, 918 VV. Charlesto.v, p-v., Tallahatchee co., Miss., 136 N. Jackson, 967 W. Charleston Four Corners, p-o., Charleston t., Montgomery co., N. Y., 33 w. n. w. Albany, 397 W. Charlestown, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 54 w. Concord, 453 W. It lies on the e. side of Con- necticut r. Drained by Little Sugar r. The soil is generally good, particularly its fine interval land, but some of it is broken and poor. Incor- porated in 1753. It has 2 villages, the s. one par- ticularly pleasant. A bridge connects this town with Springfield, Vt. It has 7 stores, cap. $22,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,214. 1 acad. 47 students, 5S2 scholars in sch. Pop. 1,722. Charlestown, p-t., and, with Boston, a port of entry, Middlesex co., Mass., 1 N. Boston, 441 W. Situated on a peninsula lying between Charles and Mystic rivers, and connected with Boston by Charles and Warren bridges. There CHA 117 CHA are two other bridges across Mystic river, one of which connects it with Chelsea, and the other with Maiden. There is another wliich connects it with Craigie's bridge, leading to Cambridge. The streets, though not laid out with great regu- larity, are wide, and ornamented wath trees. The public buildings are a state prison, on the most improved model, the Massachusetts insane hos- pital, called, from a distinguished benefactor, McLean Asylum, an almshouse, town house, and 9 churches— 3 Congregationalists, 2 Bap. 1 Meth. 2 Univer. and I R. Catholic-a United States Navy Yard, in the s. e. part of the place, with a dry dock built of hewn granite. The Navy Yard covers 60 acres of land, on which are erected a marine hospital, a spacious warehouse, an arse- nal, powder magazine, and a house for the super- intendent, all of brick ; and 2 immense wooden edifices, under which the largest vessels of war are built. Breed's Hill, commonly called Bun- ker Hill, is immediately in the rear of the place, where a bloody battle was fought at the com- mencement of the revolution, June 17, 1775, in which the Americans lost, in killed and wounded, 449, and the British, 1,053. To commemorate this important event, a granite obelisk has been erect- ed on the spot, which is 30 feet square at the base, '220 feet high, and 15 feet square at the top, ascended within by a winding stair-case, estima- ted to cost about $100,000. The t. ha.s 3 commer- cial and 8 commission houses, cap. $125,000; 7rt stores, capital $346,000 ; 6 lumber yards, capital $82,000 ; 5 printing offices, 1 bindery, 1 weekly newspaper, 4 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 brewery, 3 potteries, 3 rope walks, 5 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m., 24 sch. 2,202 scholars. Pop. 11,484. Charlestown, p-t., Washington co., II. I., 45 8. s. w. Providence, 385 W. Watered by Charles r., a branch of Pawcatuck r., wliich affords water power. Pawcatuck r. runs on its n. w. border. It has 2 large fresh water, and 2 salt water ponds. Near the sea the land is level and rich, but to the N. it is rough, and not well adapted to culti- vation. The remains of the Narraganset Indians, once a powerful tribe, long continued in this place, and had a missionary among them, support- ed by a society for propagating the gospel, and a considerable reservation of land ; but they are now nearly or quite extinct. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist ra., 1 saw m., 8 sch. 233 scholars. Pop. 923. Charlestown, p-v., Cecil co., Md., 70 n. e. Annapolis, 80 W. Charlestown, p-v., capital of JefTerson co., Va., 168 N. Richmond, 63 W. Charlestown, p-t.. Portage co., O., 145 n. e. Columbus, 321 W. It is a fertile t., well water- ed and well cultivated. Watered by branches of Mahoning r. It has 1 acad. 23 students, 5 sch. 199 scholars. Pop. 851. Charlestown, t., Chester co.. Pa., 82 e. Har- risburg, on the Susquehanna r. The v. contains 1 store, 1 hemp and flax fac, and 10 or 12 dwel- lings. Pop. 1,039. Charloe, p-v., capital of Paulding co., O., 137 N. w. Columbus, 506 W. Charlotte, county, Va. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 600 square miles. Drained by Little Roanoke r. The soil is fertile, producing grain, tobacco, and fruits. Capital, Charlotte C. H. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 9,662, sheep 14,593, swine 21,597 ; wheat 64,914 bush, produced, Ind. corn 509,260, oats 246,974, potatoes 14,776, tobacco 4,180,745 lbs., cotton 19,010 ; 20 stores, cap. $133,640 ; 5 tanne- ries, 11 flouring m., 28 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $43,600. 1 acad. 6 students, 30 sch. 555 scholars. Pop. 1830, 15,252; 1840, whites 5,130, slaves 9,260, free col'd 307; total, 14,595. Charlotte, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 186 e. N. E. Augusta, 772 W. Incorporated in 1825. Watered by a pond which has an outlet, which passes through Pembroke into Cobscook bay. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $680. 6 sch. 298 scholars. Pop. 666. Charlotte, p-t., Chittenden co., Vt., 54 w. Montpelier, 449 W. It lies on Lake Champlain, across which is a ferry at this place. Watered by Platte river, which affords water power, and Lewis cr. Chartered in 1762. The land on the lake shore is level, and very fertile. In the w. part of the t. it is uneven. It is well culti- vated, and is one of the best farming towns in the state. An elevated ridge of land along the stage road to Burlington, presents a fine view of the lake, and the country w. There is a Con- gregationalist, a Baptist, and a Methodist church. It has 2 stores, cap. $11,0W); 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3sawm. Cap. in manufac. $3,625. 11 sch. 226 scholars. Pop. 1,620. Charlotte, p-v., Greece t., Monroe co.,N. Y., 224 w. N. w. Albany, 375 W. It is situated at the mouth of Genesee r., 7 ms. below Rochester. Sometimes called Port Genesee. There is a steamboat landing, 1 store, 1 forwarding house, and 20 or 30 dwellings. The steamboat line from Lewiston to Oswego, stops at tliis place, and a small steamboat runs from this to Carthage. A stage also runs to Rochester. Charlotte, p-t., Eaton co., Mich., 116 w. by s. Detroit, 586 W. Charlotte, p-v., capital of Mecklenburg co., N. C, 158 s. w. Raleigh, 397 W. Situated on the E. side of Sugar cr., a branch of Catawba r. It contains the county buildings, 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Ro- man Catholic — 10 stores, 160 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Here is a branch of the Uni- ted States Mint. East of Charlotte are a number of very rich and productive gold mines. Charlotte, p v., capital of Dickson co., Tenn., 38 w. by N. Nashville, 722 W. Charlotte Centre, p-o., Charlotte t., Chau- tauque co., N. Y., 333 w. by s. Albany, 333 W. Charlotte, t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 330 w. by s. Albany. The surface is undulating, and the soil moist clay loam, well adapted to grass. Drained by Cassadaga cr. It has 4 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,620. 2 acad. 55 stu- dents, 9 sch. 377 scholars. Pop. 1,428. CiLVRLOTTE, C. IL, p-v., Capital of Charlotte CO., Va., 98 w. s. w. Richmond, 185 W. Situated 3 ms. from Little Roanoke r., and H from Ward's Fork. Formerly called Marysville. It contains a court house of brick, jail of stone, and a jailer's dwelling of brick, a Baptist and a Presbyterian church, an academy, 5 stores, a tannery, a num- ber of mechanic shops, and 475 inhabitants. Charlotte Harbor, Flor. (See Gasparilla Sound.) Charlotte Hall, p-v., St. Mary's co., Md., 66 s. Annapolis, 60 W. It derives its name from an academy which has 3 brick buildings, and is well endowed by the state. The situation is ele- vated, pleasant and healthy. Charlotteville, p-o., Summit t., Schoharie CO., N. Y., 57 w. Albany, 373 W. Charlottesville, p-v., capital of Albemarle CO., Va., 85 N. w. Richmond, 121 W. Situated on Moore's cr., 2 ms. from its entrance into Ri- vanna r. The plan is irregular, but it is well built, chiefly with brick. It contains about 230 builduigs of every kind, and about 1,000 inhabit- CHA 118 CHA ants. It has a court house and other county buildinjrs, 4 churches— 1 Episcopal, 1 Presbyte- rian 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — and an acade- my.' It has '22 stores, 2 bookstores, a female academy, a circulating library, and a printing office, from which a weekly newspaper is issued. There are .several flouring mills in tlie vicinity. It derives its chief importance from the Universi- ty of Virginia, of which it is the seat. This in- stitution was planned by Mr. Jefferson. It was designed to be more on the plan of European universities than most American colleges. The university buildings are various in their architec- ture, and arranged on three .sides of a grassy par- allelogram, at the upper end of which stands a large rotunda, containing lecture rooms and the library. The philosophical and chemical appa- ratus, and the mineralogical cabinet, and anatom- ical and general museum, are extensive. It has a fine astronomical observatory on the apex of a hill in the vicinity. It was founded in 1819, has a president and 8 professors or other instructors, has had 200 alumni, has 290 students, and 16,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the 4th of July. It is munificently endowed by the state. Charlottesville, p-v., Hancock co., la., 28 e. Indianapolis, 543 VV. Situated on tlie E. side of a small branch of Blue r., and on the national road. Ch.\rlton, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 53s. w. by w. Boston, 3S7 W. Chartered in 17.54. The surface is rough, but the soil good. It has some manufactures. It has 8 stores, cap. .$12,500 ; 1 fullhig m., 1 cotton fac. 716 sp., 1 tannery, 7 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,000. 13 sch. 581 scholars. Pop. 2,117. Charlton, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 25 n. n. w. Albany, 393 W. The surface is imdulating ; soil, clay, sand, and sandy loam, and fertile. Drained by a branch of the Mohawk r. The v. contains 3 stores, 4 churches — 1 Pre.sbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Universalist — 2 grist in., 2 saw m., 2 taruieries, 50 dwelUngs, and about 300 inhabitants. Pop. of the town, 1,933. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $12,100 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,400. 10 sch. 333 scholars. Charlton Depot, p-o., Charlton t., Worce.s- ter CO., Mass., 56 w. s. \v. Boston, 386 W. CiiARTiERs, creek, a small river of Pa., rises in Washington co., and after a course of 30 ms., falls into the Ohio, 4 ms. below Pittsburg. It drains a fertile country, abounding with bitumin- ous coal. Chartiers, t., Washington county, Pa., 6 n. Washington. The surface is liilly ; soil, loam, with abimdance of coal. Chartiers cr. flows on its s. border. Cannonsburg lies on this cr. It has 7 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, $3,075. Pop. 1,616. Chateaugav, p-t., Franklin co., N. Y., 202 n. by w. Albany, 511 W. Drained bv Chateaugay r. and its branches, which flows N.'into Canada, entering the St. Lawrence a little w. of Montre- al. The surfaire is uneven, and the soil clay and sandy loam. It has 4 stores, cap. $42,000 ; 1 ful- Img m., 4 tanneries, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac $14,400. 21 sch. 779 scholars. Pop. 2,824 Chatfiei.d, p-t., Crawford co., O., 73 n Co- lumbus, 412 W. Organized in 1H30. Watered by Sycamore cr., wliich affords some water power Chatham, county, N. C. Situated in the cen- tral part of the sUUe, and contains 8,58 sq. miles Watered by Haw and Deep r.s., which unite in Its s. part to lorm Cape Fear r. The soil is clay- ey and fertile, producing corn, wheat, oats, cotton and Uibacco. The surface is rolling. Capital' Pittboro'. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,800, sheep 14,759, svvine 37,356 ; wheat 94,342 bush, produced, rye 1,308, Ind. corn 446,708, oats 93,368, potatoes 38,014, silk cocoons 149 pounds, tobacco 536,886, cotton 399,728 ; 19 stores, cap. $53,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 cotton fac. 1,050 sp., 9 tanneries, 70 distilleries, 2 potteries, 12 floimng m., 67 grist m., 40 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $115,632. 6 acad. 128 students, 11 sch. 237 scholars. Pop. 1830, 15,499 ; 1840, whites 10,609, slaves 5,316, free col'd 317 ; total, 16,242. Chatham, county, Ga, Situated in the s. e. part of the state, on Savannah r. It contains 405 sq. ms. The surface is level, and but little ele- vated above tide water. Its chief productions are rice, cotton and sugar. Capital, Savannah. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,810, sheep 2,563, swine 6,279; Ind. corn 58,118 bush, produced, oats 3,815, potatoes 39,325, rice 6,158,516 pounds, silk cocoons 614, cotton 1,157,106 ; 52 commission houses in for. trade, cap. $943,500 ; 193 stores, cap. $856,990 ; 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 4 printing of- fices, 2 binderies, 3 daily, 3 weekly, 3 semi-week- ly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $309,580. 3 acad. 385 students, 10 sch. 352 scholars. Pop. 1830, 14,127; 1840, whites 6,801, slaves 11,331, free col'd 669 ; total, 18,801. Chatham, p-t., Barnstable co., Mass., 96 s. e. Boston, 497 W. Situated on the s. E. point of Cape Cod, and has a good harbor on a bay, in- side of Chatham beach. Incorporated in 1712. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the fish- eries and the coasting trade, both of which em- ploy a considerable number of vessels. There were 32,000 bush, salt produced m 1840, and a cap. of $33,750 invested in the fisheries. It has 13 stores, cap. $20,400 ; 1 lumber yard, capital $5,000 : 7 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $5,550. 1 acad. 30 students, 12 sch. 1,001 scholars. Pop. 2,334. Chatham, t., Middlesex co., Ct., opposite Mid- dletown, 16 .s. Hartford. The surface is uneven, exceptmg near Connecticut r., where is a level and very fertile alluvial tract, of nearly a mile in width. It has a fme landing at Middle Had- dam, 6 miles below Middletown, where is a vil- lage. It is watered by Salmon river and Pine brook. A little n. e. of Middletown, on the bank of the r., is a very valuable quarry of freestone, wliich has been extensively wrought and export- ed. It has 9 stores, cap. $32,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $96,60;). 1 acad. 35 students, 17 sch. 779 schol- ars. Pop. 3,413. Chatham, p-t., Columbia co., N. Y., 18 s. by E. Albany, 16 n. e. Hudson, 362 W. The soil is various, but well cultivated. Watered by Kinder- hook cr. The v. has 1 church, 3 stores, 1 grist in., 1 saw m., 1 iron foundry, 50 dwellings, and about 3^J0 inhabitants There are in the t., 17 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 3 paper fac, 8 grist m., 7saw m. Cap. in manu'lac. $65,600. 17 sch. 1,205 scholars. Pop. 762. Chatham, t., Medina co., O. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $200. 4 sch. 153 scholars. Pop 555. Chatham, p-t., Morris county, N. J., 56 n. n. E. Trenton, 221 W. Watered by Passaic r. The surface is undulating, with Long Hill in its s. part. The v. contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Me- thodist church, an academy, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 50 dwellings. The buildings are neat, and the surrounding country is pleasant. Passaic r. passes through the v. There are in the t., 10 stores, cap. $J82,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 4 distilleries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. CHA 119 CHE in manufac. $36,800. 4 acad. 215 students, 5 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 2,138. Chatham, t., Carroll co., N. H., situated on the E. side of the White Mountains. The sur- face is rough and mountainous. Chartered in 1767. From a pond flows a head branch of Saco river. It has 1 store, 1 fuUing m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 6 sch. 213 scholars. Pop. 523. Chatham, t., Tioga co., Pa. The surface is rolhng; soil, loam, adapted to grazing. Timber- ed with oak, beech, maple, and pine. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,200. 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 689. Chatha.m, p-v., Chester co.. Pa., 68 E. s. e. Harrisburg, 102 W. Chatham, p-o., Sangamon co., 111., 10 n. n. w. Springfield, 790 W. Chatham, p-v., Newton t., Licking co., O. Chatham Centre, p-o., Chatham t., Colum- bia county, N. Y., 19 s. by E. Albany, 359 W. It has a small agricultural settlement of 10 or 12 dwellings. Chatham Four Corners, p-v., Chatham t., Columbia county, N. Y., 23 s. by e. Albany, 355 W. Here are 3 stores, and about 25 dwellings. The Hudson and Berkshire, and the Albany and West Stockbridge railroads here form a junction. Chatham Hill, p-o.. Smith co., Va., 273 w. by N. Richmond, 341 W. Chattahoochee, r., Ga., Ala., rises in the Ap- palachian inoimtains and forms for a consider- able distance the boundary between these states, and constitutes the largest constituent of Appala- chicola r. It is navigable for steamboats to Co- lumbus, Ga. Chattahoochee, p-v., Gadsden co., Florida, 45 w. Tallahassee, 8S6 W. Situated on the e. side of the Appalachicola river. It contains a United States arsenal. This place was formerly called Mount Vernon. Chattanooga, p-o., Hamilton co., Tenn., 141 s. e. Nashville, 610 W. Chattooga, county, Ga., situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 300 sq. ms. Sur- face, mountainous ; soil, fertile on the river bot- toms. Capital, Summerville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,129, sheep 2,037, swine 12,338 ; wheat 18,789 bushels produced, rye 119, Indian corn 201,568, barley 400, oats 12,503, potatoes 7,076, tobacco 8,206 pounds, cotton 112,941 ; 3 stores, cap. $5,500 ; 3 tanneries, 7 flouring m., 4 grist rn., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,800. 1 acad. 35 students, 4 sch. 61 scholars. Pop. whites 2,624, slaves 814 ; total, 3,138. Chattoogaville, p-v., Chattooga co., Ga., 185 N. w. Milledgeville, 662 W. Chaumont, p-v., Lyme t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 178 n. w. Albany, 430 W. It is situated at the head of the Chaumont bay, at the e. end of Lake Ontario. It contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 tannery, 35 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. It has an excellent har- bor, easy of access, and Chaumont river affords good water power. A fine blue limestone is found here, and is much used for building, and in public works. Chauncey, p-o., Athens co., O., 67 s. e. Co- lumbus, 345 W. Chautauque, coimty, N. Y., the western- most county of the state, lies on Lake Erie. Or- ganized in 1808, and contains 1,017 sq. ms. It has a lake coast of 30 miles, in which are several good harbors for steamboats and lake vessels. A dividing ridge, from 1,000 to 1,400 feet above tide water, not more than from 5 to 8 miles from the lake, divides the waters which flow into Lake Erie from those which go to the Gulf of Mexico. The surface is hilly, but not mountainous ; and the soil is fertile, particularly on the streams and the lake shore. It has several springs, which emit a pure carburetted hydrogen gas, used in some places for lights. It has also springs charged with sulphuretted hydrogen gas. It has bog iron ore and shell marble in abundance. 'Iliere were in 1840, neat cattle 63,515, sheep 136,315, swine 42,224; wheat 214,897 bushels produced, rye 1,671, Ind. corn 235,788, buckwheat 9,157, barley 24,789, oats 353,311, potatoes 778,219, liops 7,177 pounds, sugar 839,222 ; 7 com. houses in foreign trade, cap. $22,200; 132 stores, cap. $505,165; 5 lumber yards, cap. $10,300 ; 3 furnaces, 26 full- ing m., 2 woollen fac, 1 rope fac., 53 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 1 pottery, 3 flouring m., 46 grist m., 229 saw m., 2 oil m., 1 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 1 periodical, 4 weekly news- papers. Cap. in manufac. $768,792. 11 acad. 808 students, 302 sch. 14,487 scholars. Pop. 1830, 34,057 ; 1840, 47,975. CHAUTAuauE, t., capital of Chautauque co., N. Y. The county buildings are in the village of 3Iayville, 336 w. by s. Albany. The surface is elevated and rolling ; soil, argillaceous loam. Drained by Chautauque cr. The town has 3 stores, cap. $34,400 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $36,930 ; 1 acad. 100 students, 22 sch. 820 scholars. Pop. 2,980. Chautauque, lake, is a beautiful sheet of water, lying in the central part of Chautauque CO., N. Y. It is 18 miles long, and trom 1 to 3 broad, excepting near the middle, where it is con- nected by a strait, a few rods wide. It is ele- vated 726 feet above Lake Erie, and 1,291 above the level of the ocean. It is navigable for steam- boats from May ville, at the n. part, to the foot of the lake, and thence, by its outlet, it is boatable to Connevvango cr., a tributary of Alleghany r. ; and rafts proceed from the lake to the Gulf of Mexico. It is said to be the highest body of water in the United States on which a steamboat floats. Chazv, p-t., CUnton co., N. Y., 178 n. Albany, 15 n. Plattsburg, 553 W. It lies on Lake Cham- plain. Watered by Little Chazy r. Chartered in 1804. It has a landing place on Lake Cham- plain, and a village 3 ms. from the lake. It has 10 stores, cap. $32,150; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 2S saw m. Cap. in manufac. $53,045. 19 sch. 533 scholars. Pop. 3,5S4. Chazy, river, Clinton co., N. Y., after a course of 50 ms., falls into Lake Champlain, in the n. E. part of the county. Cheat, river, Va., a branch of the Mononga- helar., navigable for boats except in dry seasons. Tlie Portage of the Potomac is 37 miles. Cheuoygan, county, Mich. Situated on the N. point of the southern peninsula, and contains 300 sq. ms. Principal stream, Clieboygan r. Unorganized. Cheek's Cross Roads, p-o., Hawluns' co., Tenn., 231 e. by n. Nashville, 452 W. Cheek's Store, p-o., Grainger co., Tenn., 209 E. Nashville, 148 W. Cheeksville, p-o., Marion co., Tenn., 122 s. E. Nashville, 4S7 W. Chelmsford, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 27 n. .\. w. Boston, 442 W. It hes on the s. side of Blcrrimac r., and is connected with Dracut by a bridge. Incorporated in 1755. It abounds with limestone and granite, the latter of which is ex- ported through the Middlesex canal, which passes through the t. It has some manufactures, among which are those of glass and iron. The present important town of Lowell belonged to this town, mitil 1824. It has 8 stores, cap $20,300 ; 3 grisi CHE 120 CHE m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1 1,400- 10 sch. 472 scholars. Pop. 1,697. Chelsea, p-t., capital of Orange cc, Vt., 24 s. E. Montpelier, 503 W. Watered by a branch of White r., which affords water power. Chartered in 1781, by the name of Turnersburg. Altered to Chelsea in 1788. The surface is uneven; soil, warm and productive. It has a pleasant village, wliere is a court house, jail, an elegant Congregational church, and about 70 or 80 dwell- ings. It has 6 stores, cap. $21,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,070. 18 sch. 659 scholars. Pop. 1,959. Chelsea, p-t., Suffolk co., Mass., 4 n. e. Bos- ton, 444 W. formerly a ward of Boston. In- corporated in 1738. It has considerable manu- factures. It is connected with Charlestown by a bridge. It has 1 com. house, cap. $20,000 ; 11 stores, cap. $29,000 ; 3 lumber yards, capital $13,000; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 grist m., 1 printing office. Cap. in manufac. 55,350. 1 acad. 20 students, 9 sch. 574 scholars. Pop. 2,290. Cheltenham, t., Montgomery co. Pa. It has 4 stores, cap. 6,000 ; 1 forge, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,250. 1 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 1,053. Chemung, r., N. Y., is formed by the junction of the Conhocton with Tioga r., in Steuben co., and flows in a s. E. course, and enters the Sus- quehanna r. at Athens, Pa. It furnishes good mill seats, and, at liigh water, floats lumber and produce to market. It is used as the main feeder of the Chemung canal. Chemung, co., N. Y., situated in the s. part of the state, and was taken from Tioga co. in 1836. It contains 530 sq. ms. The surface is broken and hilly, but contains much good land, particu- larly along the streams. Watered by Chemung r., Cayuta cr., Newtown cr., and a creek which flows N. into Seneca lake. The Chemung canal, which connects Seneca lake with the Cliemung r., at Elraira, passes through the co., as does tlie line of the New York and Erie railroad. Capi- tal, Elmira. There were in 1840, neat cattle 21,406, sheep 37,975, swine 18,110; wheat 192,831 bushels produced, rye 18,513, Ind. corn 120,732, buckwheat 62,590, barley 26,358, oats 203,174, potatoes 269,233, hops 1,044 pounds, sugar 74,926 ; 83 stores, cap. $234,235; 8 lumber yards, cap. .$38,000; 3 furnaces, 5 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 12 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 brew- ery, 3 flouring m., 25 grist m., 85 saw m., 1 oil m., 4 prinluig offices, 2 binderies, 4 weekly news- papers. Cap. in manufac. $313,075. 1 acad. 130^ students, 99 schools, 4,837 scholars. Pop. Chemung, t., Chemung cc, N. Y., 10 s. e. El- mira, 198 w. s. w. Albany. The surface is hilly and broken, with fine alluvial flats on Chemung r., which flows tluough its s. part. The soil is a gravelly loam. In the s. e. part of the town, on "Spamsh Hill," elevated 110 feet above the plain, near the bank of the r., are remains of lorlifications, with regular intrenchments, wliich would command the bend of the r. The line of the New York and Erie railroad passes throueh li%nnP''i'l °' ^^^ ^r^"-- ^' ^""^ 2 stores, cap $4,500; 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 15 saw m. Can D "™*'- ^■'^^.660. 15 schools, 486 scholari Pop. 2,377. Chenango, r., N. Y., rises in Madison and Oneida counties, and after a course of 75 miles enters the Susquehanna, at Binglmmton. Che.nango, county, N. Y., situated a little s E. of the centre of the suite, and was formed froni Herkimer and Tioga, in 1798. It contains 800 square ms. The surface is broken and hilly : its valleys are exceedingly fertile. Watered by Chenango r. flowing through its centre, by Una- dilla r. in the e., and several creeks, which flow into the Chenango r. The Chenango canal passes along the valley of Chenango r., and con- nects Bingham ton on the Susquehanna with the Erie canal at Utica. Capital, Norwich. There were in 1840, neat cattle 64,322, sheep 197,746, swine 27,311 ; wheat 99,701 bush, produced, rye 26,992, Ind. corn 159,203, buckwheat 25,603, bar- ley 10,451, oats 406,032, potatoes 772,671, hops 6,774 pounds, sugar 344,018; 116 stores, cap. $433,490; 1 lumber yard, cap. $13,000; 32 full- ing m., 5 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 4,400 sp., 2 rope fac, 30 tanneries, 1 brewery, 45 grist m., 165 saw m., 2 oil m., 2 paper fac, 4 printing of- fices, 2 binderies, 4 periodicals, 5 weekly news- papers. Cap. in manufac. $460,381. 8 acad. 733 students, 343 sch. 12,816 scholars. Pop. 1830, 37,238 ; 1840, 40,785. Chenango, t., Broome co., N. Y., 145 s. w Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, fertile, par- ticularly on the rivers. Watered by Chenango and Susquehanna rivers, which form a junction at Binghamton. It has 23 stores, cap. $88,330 ; 1 tannery, 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly newspapers, 5 grist m., 26 saw ra. Cap. in man- ufac. $19,950. 2 acad. 100 scholars, 30 schools, 1,404 scholars. Pop. 5,465. Chenango Forks, p-v., Chenango t., Broome CO., N. Y., 127 w. s. w. Albany, 307 W. Situ- ated at the junction of Tioughnioga r. with Che- nango r., on the Chenango canal. It contains a church, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 1 tannery, and a canal boat yard, 80 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. Chenango, p-t., Beaver co.. Pa., 233 w. by n. Harrisburg, 269 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $32,900. 4 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 1,435. Chenevville, p-v., Rapides par., La., 265 n. w. New Orleans, 1,236 W. Chenango, p-o., Courtland co., N. Y., 135 w. by s. Albany, 332 W. Cheonoquet, county, Mich., situated in the n. part of the southern peninsula, and contains 512 square ms. Drained by Cheboygan and Thun- der bay rivers. Unorganized. Chenuba, p-o., Lee co., Ga., 150 s. w. Mil- ledgeville, 795 W. Chepacket, p-v., Gloucester t.. Providence co., R. I., 16 w. by n. Providence, 395 W. Situated on a river of the same name. It has 1 free church, and several manufactories. Cheraw, p-v., Chesterfield dist., S. C, 93 n. E. Columbia, 423 W. Situated on the w. bank of Great Pedee r., 110 ms. above Georgetown. It contains 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- tist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman ( ath- olic — 1 male and 1 female academy, 1 bank, 1 town hall, 41 stores, 200 dwellings, and 1,050 inhabitants. A bridge here crosses the Pedee r., which is navigable to this place for steamboats. It has considerable trade, particularly in cotton. Cherokee, county, N. C., in the n. w. corner of the state. It contains 1,000 square ms. The land on the streams is of an excellent quality, producing Indian com, wheat, rye, oats, common and sweet potatoes, abundantly. Back from the streams, the laud is mountainous, producing grass from 2 to 6 feet high. White, blue, and flesh colored marble is found ; also iron ore of an excel- lent quality. It has some valuable gold mines, and load and silver in small quantities. There CHE 121 CHE were in ]840, neat cattle 5,827 sheep 2,163, swine 12,235; wheat 2,760 bushels produced, rye 1,203, Ind.com 167,167, oats 12,787; 16 stores, cap. §39,750; value of gold produced $1,075; 1 tannery, 9 distilleries, 16 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. hi manufac. $5,120. 2 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 1810, whites 3,205, slaves 199, free col'd 23; total, 3,427. Cherokee, county, Ga., situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 620 sq. ms. The sur- face is broken and hilly ; soil, very fertile on the margins of streams. Drained by the Etowah r. and branches. Capital, Canton. There were in IS 10, neat cattle 7,235, sheep 3,365, swine 19,220 ; wheat 2S,192 bushels produced, Ind. corn 247,936, oats 13,105, potatoes 5,416, tobacco 5,209 pounds, cotton 84,542 ; 18 stores, cap. $33,300 ; value of gold produced $620; 6 smelting houses, 3 tan- neries, 26 distilleries, 2 potteries, 5 Houring m., 23 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,142. 2 acad. 60 students, 10 sch. 254 scholars. Pop. whites 5,401, slaves 491, free col'd 3; total, 5,895. Cherokee, county, Ala., situated in the n. E. part of the state, and contains about 600 sq. ms. Surface hilly, and in some parts rough ; soil, fertile, bordering the streams. Capital, Jef- ferson. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8.159, sheep 783, swine 83,083; wheat 22,004 bushels produced, Ind. corn 318,365, oats 30,449, potatoes 11,328, tobacco 53,307 pounds, cotton 1,383,633; 17 stores, cap. $71,700 ; 8 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 15 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,800. 2 sch. 52 scholars. Pop. whites 7,652, slaves 1,112, free col'd 9; total, 8,773. CiiEROKEE, p-v., McArthur t, Logan co., O., 75 .\-. vv. Columbus, 460 W. Founded in 1832. It has 1 church, 3 or 4 stores, and from 30 to 40 dwellings. Cherokee, p-o., Cass co., Ga., 135 n. w. Mil- ledgeville, 654 W. Cherokee Corner, p-v., Oglethorpe co., Ga., 77 N. Milledgeville, 602 W. Cherokee Heights, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. C, 118 w. Columbia, 555 W. Cherokee Iron Works, p-v., York dist., S. C, 104 N. Columbia, 455 W. Cherry, p-o., Lycoming co., Pa., 130 n. Harris- burg, 241 W. Cherry Corner, p-o., Henry co., Tenn., 108 w. Nashville, 794 W. Cherry, t., Butler co.. Pa. It has 1 store, cap. ,$1,000 ; I fulling m., 1 grist m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $5,050. 4 sch. 109 scholars. Pop. 625. Cherry Creek, p-t., Chautauqua co., N. Y., 20 e. Mayville, 324 w. by s. Albany, 340 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, clay and sandy loam. Drained by Connewango cr., and some tributaries. The V. has 1 church, 2 stores, 2 saw m., 30 dwel- lings, and 200 inhabitants. There are in the t., 1 tannery, 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,105. 9 sch. 355 scholars. Pop. 1,144. Cherryfield, t., Washington co.. Me., 30 w. Machias, 116 e. by n. Augusta. It is situated at the head of tide water on both sides of Narra- gaugus r., with a pleasant village, and considera- ble trade. It has 18 stores, cap. $25,365 ; 4 lum- ber yards, cap. $21,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 22 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $145,295. 7 sch. 266 scholars. Pop. 1,003. Cherry Fork, p-o., Wayne t., Adams co., O., 104 B. by w. Columbus, 450 W. Cherry Grove, p-o., Lauderdale co., Ala. Cherry Grove, p-o., Jo Daviess co.. 111., 190 N. by w. Springfield, 853 W. Cherry Grove, v., St. Clair co., 111., 8 n. e. 16 Belleville, the capital. It has a considerable pop- ulation, composed chiefly of Germans. Cherry Grove, p-o.," Scott co.. Ark, 98 w. by .\. Little Rock, 1,163 W. Cherry L.\ke, p-o., Madison co., Flor. Cherry Ridge, p-v., Dvberry t., Wayne co., Pa., 167 N. E. Harrisburg, 261 W. Cherry Tree, p-t., Venango co.. Pa., 230 n. w. by w. Harrisburg, 304 W. The surface is rolling, and the soil loam. It has 1 store, cap. ,$2,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,000. 1 sch. 15 scholars. Pop. 598. Cherry V.\lley, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y.,55 w Albany, 11 n. e. Cooperstown, 380 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, calcareous mould. Drained by Cherry Valley cr. and its branches, which How s., and the head branches of Canajoharie cr., which flows n. into the Mohawk. It has ex- tensive water power. The v. is situated on the Great Western Turnpike, 52 w. Albany, was incorporated in 1812, and contains 1 Presbyteri- an, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist church, a fjank- ing house, 15 stores, 1 grist m., a cloth dressing establishment, a flourishing academy, 180 dwell- ings, and about 1,100 inhabitants. Pop. of the t., 3,923. It has 10 stores, cap. 29,900 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 5 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 5 grist m., 24 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 49,000. 1 acad. 30 students, 18 sch. 752 scholars. Cherry Valley, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 202 n. e. Columbus, 325 W. Organized in 182S. About half the t. is rolling, and the rest level, and excellent for grazing. The principal exports are neat cattle, beef, pork, butter and cheese. It has an industrious and enterprising popula- tion. It has 7 sch. 255 scholars. Pop. 690. Cherryville, p-v., Northampton co.. Pa., 107 E. N. E. Harrisburg, 200 W. It contains 1 store, and a few dwellings. Cherryville, p-o., Haywood co., Tenn., 154 w. s. w. Nashville, 837 VV. Ches.\peake Bay, Md., is about 200 miles long, and from 7 to 20 broad, and generally 9 fathoms deep, being the largest bay in the Uni- ted States. Its enti-ance is wholly in the state of Virginia, between Cape Charles on the n., and Cape Henry on the s., which are about 12 or 15 miles apart. But the bay lies mostly in Mary- land, dividing the state into 2 parts, called the Eastern and the Western shore. This great bay furnishes many fine harbors, and a safe and con- venient navigation. The Susquehanna r. at its northern termination, the Potomac r. on the w., and James r. near its mouth, are the largest rivers which flow into it. Besides these arc the Rap- pahannock, the Patuxent, the Patapsco, Ches- ter r.. Elk r., Choptank, Nanticoke, and many others. The entire surface drained by the rivers which flow into the Chesapeake, has been es- timated at 70,000 sq. ms. Chesapeake City, p-v., Cecil co., Md., 84 \. E. Annapolis, 96 W. Situated immediately be- low the mouth of Elk r. Cheshire, county, N. H., in the s. w. part of the state, contains 442 sq. ms. Watered by Ashuelot r. and its branches, and some smaller streams. Connecticut r. on its w. border, is wholly within the co., its western bank being the line between N. H. and Vt. Grand Monad- nock moimtain, over 3,000 feet above the level of the sea, lies in its s. e. part, between the towns of Dublin and Jaffrey. Organized in 1771. Bellows falls, in the t. of Walpole, a celebrated cataract, are within the co. Capital, Keene.. There were in 1840, neat cattle 29,755, sheep 74,525, swine 10,020 ; wheat 28,641 bush, produ- CHE 122 CHE ced rve 41808, Ind. corn 118,268, buckwheat 4,930, barley 21.498, oats 156,216, potatoes 689,730. Busjar 189,287 pounds ; 81 stores, cap. ,$288,000; 3 furnaces, 1 forge, 18 fulling m., 18 woollen fac, 6 cotton fac. 4,494 sp., 26 tanneries, 2 glass fac, 50 grist m., 128 saw m., 2 oil m., 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 binderies, 3 periodicals, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $758,052. 1 II acad. 610 students, 22S sch. 5,796 scholars. Pop. 1830, 27,016 ; 1840, 26,429. Cheshire, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 130 w. by N. Boston, 387 W. Watered by Hoosack r. Incorporated in 1793. Tlie surface is mountain- ous, and the soil productive, being particularly adapted to grazing. It is little less celebrated for its cheese, than the county of the same mime in England. In 1801, its inliabitants presented to President Jefferson, a cheese weighing 1,2(X) pounds. Its manufactures consist chiefly of' leather, shoes, and window glass. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 8 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 985. Cheshire, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 25 s. s. w. Hartford, 314 W. Formed in 1780, from Wallingford t. Watered by Quinnipiac r. The surface is uneven, the soil gravelly loam, and fertile. The v. contains 3 clmrches, 1 Congre- gational and 1 Episcopal, and an Episcopal acad- emy, which has a principal, and a professor of languages, a convenient brick edifice, and a fund of $25,000, and is one of the best endowed in- stitutions of the kind in the state. There are in the t., 6 stores, cap. $10,800 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tan- neries, 2 distilleries, 3 powder m., 2 grist m., 5 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $260,200. 1 acad. 40 students, 12 sch. 363 scholars. Pop. 1,529. Cheshire, p-v., Canandaigua t., Ontario co., N. Y., 203 w. by n. Albany, 346 W. It has 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 sawm., and 12 or 15 dwellings. Cheshire, p-t., Gallia co., O., 102 s. s. e. Columbus, 349 W. It is situated on the Ohio r., and has 2 stores, cap. $7,500. Cap. in manufac. $500. Pop. 791. Chester Bluff, p-o.. Dyer co., Tenn., 157 w. Nashville, 840 W. Chesnut Creek, p-o., Autauga co., Ala., 80 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 813 W. Ches.nut Flat, p-o.. Walker co., Ga. Chesnut Grove, p-o., Lycoming co.. Pa. Chesnut Grove, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 175 w. s. w. Richmond, 258 W. Chesnut Grove, p-o., Chester dist., S. C, 64 N. E. Columbia, 445 W. Chesnut Grove, p-o., Shelby co., Kv., 23 w. Frankfort, 565 W. Chesnut Grove, p-o., Da\1dson co., Tenn., 20 Nashville, 704 W. Chesnut Hill, p-o., Strafford co., N. H., 49 E. Concord, 513 W. Chesnut Hill, p-v., Germantown t., Phila- delphia CO., Pa., 9 w. Philadelphia. It has 2 stores, 80 or 90 dwellings, and 5 or 600 inhabi- tants. It is a healthy place of summer resort from Philadelplda. Chesnut Hill, p-o., Northumberland co., Va 95 E. by N. Richmond, 156 W. Chesnut Hill, p-v., Hall co., Ga., 107 n n w. MillcdgeviUe, 632 W. Chesnut Hill, p-o., Wasliington co., la., 10' s. Indianapolis, 618 W. ( 'iiesnut Hill, t., Monroe co.. Pa. The sur face IS partly hilly, partly level. Watered' bv Heads cr. It has a Lutheran church and "l store, cap. $1,!300 ; 5 grist m., 19 saw m. Can in manufac $1,100. 10 sch. 374 scholars. Pop.l,3'l8 (iiE.SNUT Level, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa. 53 6. E. Harrisburg, 95 W ' " Chesnut Ridge, a branch of the Alleghany mountains, extending from Md., n. e. through Fayette and Westmoreland counties. Pa. Chesnut Ridge, p-o., Dover t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 78 s. by e. Albany, 315 W. Chest, p-t., Clearfield co.. Pa., 150 n. w. Har- risburg, 240 W. The surface is hilly and bro- ken, the soil loam. Watered by w. branch of Susquehanna r. Chester, r., rises in Kent co., Del., and flows through Md., into a large estuary of Chesapeake bay. It is navigable 30 ms. to Chestertovra. Chester, county. Pa. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 792 sq. ms. The surface in the e. is level or rolling, and in the w. hilly or mountainous. The soil is various, but highly cultivated. Drained by Brandywine cr., and French cr., a branch of the Schuj^lkill r., and the head waters of Elk r. The Colum- bia and Philadelphia railroad passes through it. Capital, Westchester. There were in 1840, neat cattle 61,398, sheep 56,672, swine 64,543; wheat 438,132 bush, produced, rye 86.147, Ind. corn 826,413, buckwheat 24,565, barley 45,255, oats 1,079,745, potatoes 316,791, hops 941 pounds, silk cocoons 905; 219 stores, cap. $692,100; 14 lumber yards, cap. $26,050 ; 3 furnaces, 10 forges, 11 fulling m., 19 woollen fac, 18 cotton fac. 16,268 sp., 3 dyeing and print, estab., 37 tanne- ries, 2 distilleries, 2 breweries, 6 potteries, 27 flouring m., 115 grist m., 150 saw m., 20 oil m., 26 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 4 weekly news- papers. Cap. in manufac. $686,365. 13 acad. 85vl students, 219 sch. 7,717 scholars. Pop. 1830, 50,910; 1840, 57,515. Chester, district, S. C. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Ca- tawba r. bounds it on the e., and Broad r. on the w. The surface is agreeably diversified. Cajv ital, Chesterville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 18,5-24,_ .sheep 9,831, swine 31,103; wiieat 46,307 bush, produced, rye 2,385, Ind. corn 714,581, oats 44.561, potatoes 16,252, cotton 1,844,102 pounds'; 22 stores, cap. $154,300; 6 tanneries, 5 flouring m., 24 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $42,720. 2 acad. 70 students, 21 sch. 527 scholars. Pop. 1830, 17,182 ; 1840, whiles 9,889, slaves 7,722, free col'd 136 ; total, 17,747. Chester, p-t., Roclungham co., N. H., 22 s. s. E. Concord, 463 W. Watered :by a branch of Exeter r. Massabesick pond in the n. w. part of the t., contains 1,500 acres. The surface is elevated and rolling, with some extensive mea- dows, and the soil is fertile. The v. which is a place of considerable business, occupies an ele- vated position, commanding an extensive prospect. It has 7 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 2 tanneries, 5 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,825. 1 acad. 30 students, 19 sch. 746 scholars. Pop. 2,173. Chester, t., Penobscot co., Me. It has 5 sch. 124 scholars. Pop. 277. Chester, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 83 s. 3Ionl> pelier, 457 W. Chartered by N. H., in 1754, first settled in 1764. The surface is uneven, and the soil fertile. It has 2 pleasant villages. The religious denominations are Congregation- alists. Baptists, Methodists, and Universalists. The Baptist church was long under the care of Elder Aaron Leland, who was lieutenant gov- ernor of the state. The s. village has a Baptist chur(^!), and a flourishing academy, with a 3 story brick edifice, and various manufacturing esial)lishments. It has 6 stores, cap. $20,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in mauulac. $20,427. 1 acad. 267 students, 20 sch. 752 scholars. Pop. 2,305. Chester, p-t., Eaton co. Mich. Pop. 195. CHE 123 CHE Chester, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 116vv. by s. Boston, 380 W. Incorporated in 1765. The surl'ace is mountainous, and the soil good for grazing. Watered by branches of Westfield r., which afford water power. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 12,092 sp., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,000. 7 sch. 205 scholars. Pop. 1,632. Chester, p-t., Middlesex co., Ct., 31 s. by E. Hartford, 340 W. It lias Haddam on the n., and Saybrook on the s. It has great water power, and some manufactories. It has 3 stores, cap. $15,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,300. 6 sch. 226 schol- ars. Pop. 974. Chester, p-v., Goshen t., Orange co., N. Y., 102 s. by w. Albany, 277 W. It has 1 church, 5 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 30 dwellings. It is on the line of the New York and Erie rail- road, and is a great market for cattle. Chester, t., Warren co., N. Y., 18 n. w. Caldwell, 80 n. Albany. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, sandy loam, productive in the valleys. Watered by Hudson r. and its tri- butaries. Schroon lake lies on its n. e. border. It has 7 stores, cap. $13,000; 2 fulling m., 2 tan- neries, 2 grist m., 9 saw m., 15 sch. 525 scholars. Pop. 1,633. Chester, p-t, Morris co., N. J., 50 n. by e. Trenton, 224 W. The surface is rolling, and the soil a loam, under good cultivation. Drained by Black r., and tributaries of the w. branch of Ra- ritan r. The v. extends for more than a mile along the foot of an isolated mountain, and con- tains 2 chiuxhcs, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Congre- gational, 3 stores, and over 30 dwellings. There are in the t., 4 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 10 distilleries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,250. 7 sch. 382 scholars. Pop. 1,321. Chester, p-v., capital of Delaware co.. Pa., 94 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 14 s. w. Pliiladelphia, 124 W. Situated on the w. bank of Delaware r., and is the oldest town in Pa., settled long before the grant of Wm. Penn, in 1681. Originally called Upland, and received its present name in 1701. It contains a court hou.se, jail, and other county buildings, 1 Friends church, 4 stores, an athensenm, a bank, and 140 dwellings, mostly ot' stone or brick. Some of the original houses are yet standing. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,300 ; 1 lulling m., 1 cotton fac, 3 potteries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly paper. Cap. in manufac. $25,650. 4 sch. 244 scholars. Pop. 1,790. Chester, t., Wayne co., Pa., on the w. bank of the Delaware r. Pop. 1,993. Chester, p-v., Randolph co.. 111., 149 s. E. Springfield, 841 W. Situated on the e. bank of Mississippi r., 2 ms. below the mouth of the Kas- kaskia r. It is on an elevated strip of bottom land, at the foot of the bluffs, and is a commer- cial depot for the country back. Pop. between 3 and 400. Chester, t., Wabash co., la. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 536. Chester, C. H., p-v., capital of Chester dist., S. C, 57 N. by w. Columbia, 452 W. Situated on the dividing ridge, between the waters of Broad and Wateree rs. It contains a court house, jail, and several stores and dwellings. Chester, p-v., Gwinnett co., Ga., 82 n. w. Milledgeville, 656 W. Chester, p-t., Meigs co., O., 95 s. s. e. Co- lumbus, 334 W. Tlie v. is situated on the n. side of Shade r., which flows into the Ohio r. There are in the t., 8 stores, cap. $14,800; 4 tanneries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $1,600. 8 sch. 332 scholars. Pop. 1.479. Chester, t., Burlington co., N. J., 9 s. w. Mount Holly. The surface is level ; soil, sand or sandy loam, of good quality, and well cultivated. Drained by Rancocus and Pensauken creeks ; and by Pompeston cr., and Swedes branch, both of which empty immediately into the Dela- ware. It produces grass, grain, vegetables and fruits. It has 10 stores, cap. .$25,200 ; 2 distille- ries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,100. 9 sch. 467 scholars. Pop. 2,603. Chester, t, Knox co., O., 50 n. n. e. Colum- bus. Watered by a branch of Vernon r., which affords mill seats. Chesterville p-v. is in this town, which see. It has 8 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1,295. Chester, t., Butler co., O. Pop. 190. Chester, t., Clinton co. O. Watered by trib- utaries of Little Miami r. It has a fine soil, well improved. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,800 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen lac, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 girst m., 3 saw ra., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $8,575. 10 sch. 675 scholars. Pop. 1,784. Chester, t., Geauga co., O., 160 n. e. Colum- bus, 19 E. Cleveland. The surface is elevated, and the soil is well adapted to grazing. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 1 tannery, 2 saw m., 7 sch. 296 scholars. Pop. 962. Chester Cross Ro,\ds, p-v., Chester t., Ge- auga CO., O., 159 N. E. Columbus, 345 W. Chester Factory, p-v., Chester t., Hampden CO., Mass., 113 w. by s. Boston, 380 W. Chesterfield, comity, Va., has James r. on the N. and n. e., and Appomattox r. on the s.and s. w. It contains 456 square ms. The surface is somewhat broken. Capital, Chesterfield C.H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,697, .sheep 7,225, swine 16,595 ; wheat 34,414 bushels produced, Indian corn 284,870, oats 156,033, potatoes 9,743, silk cocoons 100 pounds, tobacco 6!t0,005 pounds, cotton 5,718 ; 26 stores, cap. $20,475 ; 8 cotton fac. 20,110 sp., 3 flouring m., 19 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. manufac. $935,100. 22 sch. 420 schol- ars. Pop. 1830, 1 1,GS9 ; 18 10, whites 7,859, slaves 8,702 free col'd 587 ; total, 17,143. Chesterfield, district, S. C, situated in the N. E. part of the state, and contains 750 sq. ms. It has Great Pedee r. on its n. e. border, and Lynch's cr. on its s. w. border ; Black cr. flows through its centre. The soil on the streams is fertile ; back of them, it is sandy and poor. It abounds witli fine springs of pure water. Cap- ital, Chesterfield C. II. There were in 1810, neat cattle 9,824, sheep 3,423, swine 18,834 ; wheat 5,859 bush, produced, rye 853, Ind. corn 198,100, oatsl6,038,potatoes21,G20, cotton 268,122 pounds, silk cocoons 250 ; 28 stores, cap. $202,100 ; 3 tan- neries, 1 flouring m., 45 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 print- ing office, 1 bindery, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $40,910. Pop. 1H30, 8,472; 1840, whites 5,537, slaves 2,871, free col'd 166; total, 8,574. Chesterfield, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 59 s. w. Concord, 430 W. It lies on Connecticut r., opposite to Brattleboro', Vt. The land on the shore of Connecticut r. is elevated. The surface is varied, and the soil well adapted to grazing, and to Indian corn, (^at's Bane brook furnishes mill seats, as does also Partridge's brook. Spaf- ford's lake is a beautiful sheet of very pure wa- ter, and covers 526 acres. The prmcipal v. has a church, and a flourishing academy, founded ui 1794. There are in the t. 4 stores, caj). $9,500 ; 1 cotton fac. 500 sp., 3 tanneries, 3 grist m.,8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $27,352. 1 acad. 71 stu- dents, 14 sch. 575 scholars. Pop. 1,765. Chesterfield, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 106 w. Boston, 11 w. N. w. Northampton, 393 W. The surface is elevated and rough, and the soil productive in grass and Lidian corn. Drained by CHE 124 CHI a branch of Westfield r., which affords good wa- ter power. JVlauy sheep are kept in the t. It has 4 stores, cap. $14,500 ; 3 grist, m., 7 saw m., 1 acad., 10 sch. 411 scholars. Pop. 1,132. Chesterfield, p-v., Montville t., New Lon- don CO., Ct., 36 s. E. Hartford, 360 W. It has a Congregational and a Baptist cliiirch. Chesteufield, p-t., Lucas co., O., 170 n. n. w. Columbus, 501 W. Watered by Bean cr., a branch oflVIaumeer. It has 2 sch. 86 scholars. Pop. 301. Chesterfield, t., Burlington co., N. J., 12 n. E. Mount Holly. The surface is level: soil sandy, mixed with clay and loam. Drained by Crosswick's and Black creeks, tributaries of Del- aware r., whicli bounds it on the w. It contains the V. of Bordentowii. It has 22 stores, cap. $38,000 ; 2 distilleries, 3 grist m. Cap. in manu- fac. $55,900. 11 sch. 557 scholars. Pop. 3,433. Chesterfield, p-o., Macoupin co., III., 49 s. s. w. Springfield, 821 W. Chesterfield, t., Essex co., N. Y., 150 n. Albany. It has Lake Champlain on its e. bor- der. Surface hilly and mountainous ; soil, sandy loam and clay. Drained by Ausable r. It has a landing place at Port Douglass, and the villages of Port Kent and Keeseville. It has 4 forges, 14 stores, cap. $42,200 ; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 printuig offices, 2 weekly papers, 3 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $127,780. 8 sch. 447 scholars. Pop. 2,716. Chesterfield, p-o., capital of Chesterfield CO., Va., 16 s. by w. Richmond, 133 W. It con- tains a court house and a few dwellings. Chesterfield, p-v., capital of Cliesterfield district, S. C, 105 n. n. e. Columbia, 435 W. Situated on the s. w. side of Thompson's cr., a branch of Great Pedee r. It contains a court house and several stores and dwellings. Chesterfield Factory, Chesterfield town, Cheshire co., N. H., 56 s. w. Concord, 433 W. Chester Hill, p.o., Athens co., O., 83 s. e. Columbus, 326 W. Chester Springs, p-o., Pikeland t., Chester CO., Pa., 72 s. E. Harnsburg, 150 W. This is a pleasant watering place. Chesteutown, p-v., Chester t., Warren co., N. Y., 81 N. Albany, 456 W. It contains 3 churches— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Meth- odist— 6 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery 1 clothier's works, 50 dweUings, and about 350 inhabitants. Chester-town, p-v., seaport, and capital of Kent CO., Md., 54 n. e. Annapolis, 94 W Situ- ated on the w. side of Chester r., 30 miles above Its entrance into Chesapeake bay. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churches, a branch of the Uni- versity of Maryland, called Washington college with a spacious edifice. A bridge here crosses Chester r. Pop. nearly 1,000. Chesterville, p-t., Franklin co.. Me 26 n w. Augusta, 611 W. Watered by Wilson's fJn?'"^?. ^'■'"^'* °*' ^'^'^^y •■• Incorporated in 18U2. 1 he sou IS excellent, adapted to wheat It has 2 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanner- «2 5m^"d "l-'^of^")- ^"■^^''^ '" manufac. $4,500. 4 sch. 296 scholars. Pop. 1,098. (-'IIESTERVILLE, p-0., PottCr CO., Pa., 180 N N w. llarn-sburg, 290 W. Chesterville, p-v., Chester t., Knox co O 53 N. N e. Columbus, 3S9 W. It contains 1 church, 5 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m 1 tan nery 50 dwellings, 2 sch. 230 scholars, and 283 intiabitants. Chesterville, p-v., Gibson co., Tenn 148 w. Nashville, 830 A<^. ' "'' ^^^ Chess Springs, p-o., Cambria co.. Pa., 140 w by N. Harnsburg, 194 W. 1 Cheti.maciies, lake. La., between Atcliafa- laya and Teche rivers. It receives its waters from the former, in lime of high water, and dis- charges them at all seasons into it again, 15 miles above its entrance into the sea. It is 40 miles long, and from 1 to 6 broad, .shallow, and sur- rounded by a low and marshy country, which is annually overllowed. CiiEsuNCooK, lake. Me., 10 n. e. Moosehead lake. The Penobscot r. passes through it. Cheviot, p-v., Green t., Hamilton co., O., 7 N. w. Cincinnati, 122 s. w. Columbus, 496 W. Chew's Landing, p-v., Gloucester t., Glouces- ter CO., N. J., 38 s. s. e. Trenton, 148 W. Situ- ated on the N. branch of Big Timber cr. It has 2 churches — 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist — 3 stores, 2 grist m., and about 50 dwellings. It ex- ports considerable lumber and wood, and has considerable business. CiiEWSviLLE, p-v., Washington co., Md., 105 N. w. Annapolis, 73 W. Chicago, r.. 111., which forms the harbor of Chicago, near tho .s. end of Lake Michigan, is composed of two branches ; the n., which is about 40 miles long, rises near the N. boundary of Illinois, and unites with the s. branch i of a mile from its entrance into the lake. The s. branch is only about 6 miles long, but is suffi- ciently deep to afford a secure harbor for vessels of any burden, which navigate the lake. The natural portage from the C'hiciig » • Chittknango, p-o., Sullivan t., Madison co , N. Y., 120 w. N. w. Albany, 352 W. Situated 1 m. s. of the Lrie canal, with which it is connected by a side-cut. It contains 10 stores, 3 churches— 1 Reformed Dutch, 1 Presbyterian, and 1 Metho- i- "iL"^'?""?," ^'"'•' ^ i^"""'"? "•■' 2 water lime foe., 180 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 1 he Syracuse and Utica railroad passes near the v., where is a depot. There is a mineral sprint I m. s. ol the v., the chief ingredients of which are sulphate of lime and magnesia, and sulphu- retted hydrogen gas, which is useful in several complaints. Chittenango, cr., rises in Nelson t., Madi.son CO., and flows N. into Oneida lake, furnishing water power. Chittenden, county, Vt. Situated toward the n. w. part of Vt., and contains 500 sq. miles. Onion r. passes through its centre ; and between Burlington and Colchester, at Winooski city, is a fall of about 20 feet, affording extensive water power. The Lamoille r. passes through its n. w. corner, and Laplot'e, a small r., passes through its s. part. Lake Champlain bounds it on the w. The soil varies from a light sand to a strong clay loam, and a rich alluvion. A part of it was origi- nally covered with a heavy growth of white pine, but the greater part with maple, beech, and other hard woods. The surface near the lake shore is level, but becomes uneven and mountainous to- ward the E. Capital, Burlington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 24,142, sheep 110,774, swine 25,310 ; wheat 29,502 bush, produced, rye 31,570, Ind. corn 119,087, buckwheat 11,575, barley 1,305, oats 131,799, potatoes 522,792, silk cocoons 157 pounds, sugar 177,343; 87 stores, capital $490,830 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $26,000 ; 1 rope fac, 1 1 fulling m., 10 woollen fac, 17 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 1 glass fac, 1 pottery, 10 grist m., 58 saw m., 2 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- fac. $362,983. 1 college, 101 students, 3 acad. 256 students, 144 sch. 5,170 scholars. Pop. 1830, 21,765; 1840,22,977. Chittenden, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 12 n. by E. Rutland, 40 s. by w. Montpelier. It lies on the Green Mountains. Chartered in 1780. Wa- tered by Philadelphia r., a branch of Otter Creek, on the w., and by Tweed r., which flows into White r. E. ; and it therefore occupies the height of land between Connecticut r. and Lake Champlain. It has I furnace, 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,300 ; 7 sch. 163 scholars. Pop. 644. Chocchuma, p-v., Tallahatchee co.. Miss., 113 N. Jackson, 994 W. Situated on the E. side of Yallo Busha r. Choconut, p-t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 189 n. N. E. Harrisburg, 299 W. It has 4 stores, capital $13,300. 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,700. 1 acad. 100 students, 7 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 962. Choctaw, county, Miss., situated a little N. of the centre of the state, and contains 920 sq. ms. Drained by the head branches of Big Black r. Capital, Greensboro. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 10,424, sheep 2,008, swine 36,173 ; wheat 4,006 bush, produced, Ind. corn 276,202, oats 2,820, po- tatoes 16,475, cotton 775,685 pounds ; 4 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 15 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $38,400. 15 sch. 303 scholars. Pop. whites 4,443, slaves 1,564, free col'd 3; total, 6,010. Choctaw Agency, p-o., Oktibbeha co.. Miss., 117 N. E. Jackson, 909 W. Choctaw Agency, p-o., Choctaw Nation, Ark., 166 w. by N. Little Rock, 1,231 W. Choctawhatchee, r., rises in Alabama, and after a course of 130 ms. flows into a bay of the same nanje in Florida. Choice's Store, p-o., Gwinnett co., Ga., 96 N. w. Milledgeville, 667 W. Choptank, r., Md., on the E. shore, is formed by 2 main branches, one of which rises in Del. It empties into a large estuary in Chesapeake bay, and is navigable for sloops" 40 miles from ita mouth, CHR 127 CIN Chota, p-o., Monroe co., Tenn., 188 E. s. E. Nashville, 544 W. Chowan, r., N. C, is formed by the union of Nottaway, Meherrin, and Blackwater rs., which rise and run chielly in Virginia. It flows into Albemarle Sound, a little n. of the mouth of the Roanoke. It is navigable, on the Meherrin branch, for large vessels to Murfreesboro, in the N. part of the county of Hertford, near the line of Virginia. Chowan, county, N. C. Situated in tlie n. e. part of the state, having Chowan r. on the w., and Albemarle sound on the s., and contains 200 sq. ms. The surface is level, and the soil produc- tive. Capital, Edenton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,13'.l, sheep 1,387, swine 15,541; wheat 15,349 bush, produced, rye 743, Ind. corn 282,209, oats 13,962, potatoes 30,337, cotton 1,267,297 pounds, 3 com. houses in for. trade, cap. $6,000; 21 stores, cap. $115,400; cap. invested in fisheries, $69,697 ; 2 tanneries, 44 distilleries, I flouring m., 14 grist m., 9 saw m., 2 printing of- fices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $70,020. 2 acad. 143 students, 12 sch. 214 schol- ars. Pop. 1830, 6,683 ; 1340, whites 2,865, slaves 3,665, free col'd 160 ; total, 6,693. Christian, county, Ky. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 612 sq. ms. The land in the n. part is poor, but covered with tim- ber; in the s. w. are fertile barrens, as they are called. The soil is a fertile clay, and produces tobncco, corn, wheat, &c. It is the 3d county in wealth in the state. Watered by Little r. and its branches, and Pond and Tradewater rs. Capital, Hopkinsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 15,053, sheep 18,196, swine 52,656 ; wheat 103,833 bush, produced, rye 13,284, Ind. corn 1,022,850, oats 290,585, potatoes 22,846, hemp and flax 177 tons, tobacco 3,409,502 poimds, cotton 43,040, sugar 19,190, bituminous coal 11,475 bushels ; 31 stores, cap. $136,875; 8 tanneries, 19 distille- ries, 3 potteries, 13 flouring m., 23 grist m., 13 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspa- per. Cap. in manulac. $31,640. 4 acad. 234 students, 19 schools, 517 scholars. Population, whites 9,491, slaves 5,997, free col'd 99; total, 15,537. Christian, county, 111. Situated in the cen- tral part of the state, contains 350 sq. ms. Sur- face level, soil rich. Drained by South Fork of Sangamon and branches. Capital, Edinburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,069, sheep 2,571, swine 10,773; wheat 8,821 bush, produced, Ind. corn 159,112, oats 23,203, potatoes 5,377, to- bacco 4,910 pounds ; 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tan- nery, 3 distilleries, 8 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,280. 6 sch. 155 scholars. Popula- tion 1,878. Christian, t., Independence co., Ark. Pop. 425. Christiana, r. or or., has its head branches in Pa. and Md., and flows into the Brandywine at Wilmington. It is navigable for vessels drawing 9 feet water to Newport, and those requiring 6 feet to Christiana-bridge, 9 miles above Wilming- ton. Christiana, p-h.. New Castle co., Del., 85 n. by w. Dover, 102 W. The v. is generally called Christiana Bridge, situated on Christiana cr., 9 s. w. Wilmington. It has an active trade with Philadelphia in flour. It has 3 cotton fac. 8,560 sp., 26 powder m., 2 flouring m., 5 grist m., 7 saw m. Capital in manufactures, $344,250. 1 acad- emy, 9 students, 9 schools, 702 scholars. Popu- lation, 3,725. Christians, p-c, Edgefield dist., S. C, 5(5 w. Columbia, 534 W. CiniisTiANSBUUG, p-v., Capital of Montgomery CO., Va., 203 w. s. w. Richmond, 271 W. It con- tains a court house, jail, and other cotmty build- ings, 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Metho- dist — 5 stores, 2 tanneries, and various mechanic shops. Pop. 335, of whom 230 arc white and 105 colored. Christiansburg, p-v., Shelby co., Ky., 13 w. by N. Frankfort, 555 W. Christiansburg, p-v., .Tackson t.. Champaign CO., O., 60 w. by n. Columbus, 454 W. Christiansville, p-v., Mecklenburg co., Va., 97 s. w. Richmond, 210 W. Christiansville, p-v., Carroll co., Tenn., 113 w. Nashville, 798 W. Christy's Prairie, p-o., Clay co., la., 70 w. s. w. Indianapolis, 641 W. Chrystal Lake, p-o., Henry co., 111., 216 a. by w. Springfield, 768 W. Chuckatuck, p-v., Nansemond co., Va., 75 s. E. Richmond, 208 W. Situated on Chuckatuck cr., 8 miles from its entrance into James r. It contains a Methodist church, 3 stores, 1 cotton fac, 30 dwellings, atid about 150 inhabitants. The r. is navigable to this place. CiiucKY Bend, p-o., Jefferson co., Tenn., 234 E. Nashville, 462 W. Chulaho.ma, p-o., Marshall co., Miss., 184 n. by E. Jackson, 9()7 W. Church Creek, p-o., Dorchester co., Md., 69 s. E. Annapolis, 109 W. Church Grove, p-o., Knoxco., Tenn., 195 e. Nashville, 496 W. Church Hill, p-v.. Queen Anne co., Md., 4S E. Annapolis, 83 W. Situated on the s. E. branch of Chester r. Churchill, p-o., Trumbull co., O., 182 n. e. Columbus, 296 W. Church Hill, po., Halifax co., Va., 141 s. w Richmond, 228 W. Church Hill, p-v., Abbeville dist., S.C., 109 w. Columbia, 546 W. Church Hill, p-o., Lowndes co., Ala., 102 s. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 863 W. Church Hill, p-o., Jefferson co., Miss., lO^i s. w. Jackson, 1,114 W. Churchillsville, j>-v.. Dearborn co., la., 77 s. E. Indianapolis, 527 W. Churchtown, p-v., Lancaster co.. Pa., 52 e. by s. Harrisburg, 130 W. Churchville, p-v., Riga t., Monroe co., N. Y., 234 w. N. w. Albany, 381 W. Situated on the line of the Tonawanda railroad, and contains 3 stores, 2 churches, a steam woollen fac, 45 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Churchville, p-v., Harford co., Md., 61 n. Annapolis, 71 W. Churchville, v., Clark Co., Mo. Situated on the w. bank of Mississippi r., at the entrance of the Des Moines r. Cicero, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y. 140 w. n. w. Albany, 358 W. Oneida lake forms its n. e. boundary. Drained by the C'hittenango cr. The surface is level, and the soil good. The v. con- tains 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist — 4 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Pop. of the t. 2,464. Cicero, p-t., Hamilton co., la., 32 n. Indian- apohs, 570W. Pop. 389. Cincinnati, a city, port of entry, and capi- tal of Hamilton co., O., 116 s. w. Columbus, 492 W. Cincinnati, the most populous city w. of the Alleghany mountains, and the sixth in the United States, is situated on the Ohio r., near the s. vv. corner of the state of Ohio, in Hamilton co., 504 ms., by the course of the river, above its junction with the Mississippi. It is in 39° 6' 30" n. lat^ CIN 128 CIN and 84° 27' w. long, from Greenwich, and 7° 24' 45" w. from W. It is 116 s. w. from Colum- bus ; 250 Cleveland; 120 Indianapolis ; 270 Nash- ville, Tenn. ; 8(50 New Orleans ; 350 St. Louis ; 105 Louisville ; 518 Baltimore; 298 Pittsburgh; 617 Philadelphia ; 492 Washington ; 900 from N. York, by Lake Erie, and 600 from Cliarleston, S. C. In 1795 it contained 500 inhabitants ; in 1800, 753; in 1810, 2,510; in 1820, 9,642; in 1830, 24,831; in 1840, 46,33S. Besides this, there is estimated to be a lloaling population of from 2,000 to 3,000. Engaged in commerce, 2,226 ; in man- ufactures and trades, 10,866 ; learned professions, 434. It is built on an elevated plain, on the N. bank of the Ohio, 540 feet above tide water at Albany, and 25 feet below the level of Lake Erie ; but low water mark is 432 above tide wa- ter, and 133 below the level of Lake Erie. The shore of the Ohio here forms a good landing for boats at all seasons of the year, the principal landing being paved to low water mark, in a substantia! manner, and supplied with floating wharves, rendered necessary by the great rise and fall of the river at different times. The de- scent from the upper part of Cincinnati to low water mark on the Ohio, is 108 feet. The city is near the eastern extremity of a pleasant valley, about 12 miles in circumference, skirted to the i\. by a circular ridge of hills, the summits of which are not more than 300 feet above the plain, but of picturesque appearance. The ground on which the city stands consists of two plains, the rear one elevated 50 or 60 feet above the front, though the ascent, by grading, has been exten- sively reduced to a gradual slope. The view of the city is beautiful from the hills in the rear ; but as approached by water, it is neither exten- sive nor commanding. Excepting on the margin of the river, it is reg- ularly laid out in streets and alleys, crossing each other at right angles. The streets mniiing e. and w. are denominated, proceeding from the river, P'irst, Second, &c., while those running n. and s. are named after the native trees, as Walnut, Syc- amore, &c. Main-street extends from the steam- boat landing on the river directly n. to the north- ern boundary of the city. 14 streets, 7 in each direction, are 65 feet wide, and 3J6 feet apart. The central portion of the city is compactly built, with handsome houses and stores ; but the ex- tensive plan, in its outer parts, is but partially built up, and the houses are irregularly scattered. Many of the streets are well paved, and exten- sively shaded by trees. The houses are gene- rally of stone or brick. The climate is changea- ble, and subject to considerable extremes of heat and cold, but is, on the whole, healthy. The court house, on Mam-street, is 56 by 60 feet, and 120 feet high, to the top of the dome. 'I'he edifice of the FrankUn and La Fayette banks oi Cincinnati has a splendid portico of 8 Doric columns, after the model of the Parthenon at Athens, but is in a confined situation. It is 79 feet long, and 69 feet deep, exclusive of the por- tico. Several of the churches are fine sperimens of architecture, and a number of the hotels are spacious and elegant. There are 4 market houses a bazaar, a theatre, a college, an Athensum, a medical college, a me.;hanics' institute, 2 muse- ums, a lunatic assylum, a high school, and a number of large and commodious houses for pub- lic schools. Within the last year 800 buildino-s have been erected, among which are many large warehouses and stores, and several beautiful churches. Cincinnati College was founded in 1819 and had, in 1840. 8 instructors, and 84 students. It has academical, medical, and law departments. The Medical College of Ohio has trustees ap- pointed by the legislature every 3 years, and it has 8 professors, and 130 students. The College of Professional Teachers was formed in 1832, and has for its object the improvement of schools in the western country, and holds an annual meet- ing in October. The Mechanics' Institute is formed for the improvement of mechanics in sci- entific knowledge, by means of popular lectures and mutual instruction. It has a valuable philo- sophical apparatus, a respectable library, and a reading-room, much frequented by young men. The Cincinnati Lyceum furnishes an instructive and fashionable place of resort to the citizens, by its popular lectures and debates through the win- ter season. It has a good library and a reading- room. The Athenaeum is a respectable literary institution, under the direction of the Catholics, in which the mathematics, philosophy, and the classics, as well as the modern languages, are taught by competent professors. It has over 70 students, and a large and splendid edifice. The Lane Seminary, at Walnut Hills, 2 miles from the city, has 3 professors, 61 students, and a li- brary of 10,300 volumes. It has a literary as well as theological department. Woodward High School, named after its founder, gives edu- cation, in part gratuitously, to a large number of students. It has 4 instructors, and a large and commodious building. There is a great number of respectable private schools, and 20 public schools for males and females, in which there are 2,000 pupils. There are 43 churches in Cin- cinnati, of which 3 are old school Presbyterian, 4 new school Presbyterian, 2 Scots Presbyte- rian, 2 Episcopal, 3 Baptist, 7 Methodist, 2 Pro- testant Methodist, 2 Catholic, 2 Friends, and va- rious others. Cincinnati is an extensive manufacturing place. Its destitution of water power has been exten- sively compensated by the employment of steam mills. There were in 1840, 42 foreign commer- cial and 36 commission houses, with a capital of $5,200,000; 1,035 retail stores, with a capital of ,$12,877,000; 19 lumber yards, capital $133,000; 245 persons were engaged in internal transporta- tion, who, with 790 butchers, packers, &c., em- ployed a capital of $4,071,930 ; 14 furnaces, cap. $478,000 ; value of machinery manufactured, $545,000; hardware, cutlery, &c., $289,000 ; pre- cious metals, $48,000; various other metals, $713,000; 4 woollen fac, cap. $39,000; 1 cotton fac, cap. $6,000; tobacco manufactures, capital $61,000; 13 tanneries, cap. $156,000 ; manufac- tures of leather, as saddleries, &c., cap. $552,000 ; 2 distilleries, and 6 breweries, with a capital of $152,000 ; paints, drugs, &c., cap. $26,000 ; 4 rope walks, cap. $34,000 ; carriages and wagons, cap. $6^,000; 10 flouring m., 8 saw m., 2 oil m., total cap. $367,000 ; vessels built, value, $403,000 ; fur- niture amounted to $459,000 ; 264 brick and stone, and 74 wooden houses built, cost $1,196,000 ; 32 printing offices, 13 binderies, produced 3,800 daily newspapers, 33,100 weekly, 1,800 semi-weekly, and 17,200 periodicals, with a capital of $266,000. Total cap. in manufac. $7,469,912. 2 colleges, 80 students, 2 acad. 120 students, 51 sch. 5,445 scholars. There were 5 incorporated and 2 un- incorporated banks, with an aggregate capital of neariy $6,000,000. From many directions, good roads converge to this place, and bring the rich products of the sur- rounding country to this market. The Miami railroad extends from Cincinnati 851 miles to Springfield. The Miami canal extends from Cin- cinnati 178 miles to Defiance, where it joins the CLA 129 CLA Wabash and Erie canal. The internal trade of Cincinnati is thus very extensive. The tonnage of the port in 18-10, was l-2,05'2. There are 7 daily papers, which are also issued weekly or tri-weekly ; 8 weekly papers, a large number of magazines, issued semi-monthly or monthly, and a number of religious magazines, published monthly. The municipal government of the city consists of a president, recorder, and 21 councillors — 3 for each of the 7 wards into which the city is divided. Cincinnati was founded in 1789, by emigrants from New England and New Jersey, on the site of Fort Washington. It has grown with great rapidity, and now ranks as the sixth place in population in the United States; and, it being the great emporium of the West, it must continue to increase with the growth of the rapidly rising country with which it is connected. CiNciNN.\Ti, v., Ralls CO., Mo., 101 n. n. e. Jefferson City, 933 W. Situated on the n. bank of Salt r. CiNCiNNATUS, p-t., Cortlandt co., N. Y., 128 w. by .s. Albany, 327 W. The surface is hilly, and the soil productive. Watered by Ostelic cr. and its tributaries. The village is situated on the cr., and contains 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist — 6 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery, 60 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. Pop. of the t. 1,301. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $14,200; 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,550. 8 sch. 545 scholars. CiNN.\MiNsox, p-o., Burlington co., N. J. CiRCLEvii-LE, p-o., Loudon CO., Va., 145 n. Eichmond, 44 W. CiRCLEviLLE, p-t., Capital of Pickaway co., O., 26 s. Columbus, 396 W. The v. was laid out in 1810 oit the site of an ancient fortification. It lies on the E. bank of the Scioto r. The Ohio canal passes through the place, and here crosses the r. in a fine aqueduct. The streets are regular, and cross each other at right angles, and the v. is divided into 350 tovi-n lots, besides 5 circular and triangu- lar acres of groimd, appropriated to public uses. It has an elegant brick octagonal court house, a jail, a market house, 6 public offices in a brick row, 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Lutheran, and 1 Methodist; 13 stores, 5 canal warehouses, an academy, about 250 dwellings, and about 2,(X10 inhabitants. The country aroimd is very fertile, and a great water power is con- centrated at this place, by several creeks, and by the canal. There are in the town 15 stores, cap. $62,(X)0; 1 fulling m., 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 brewerj^ 3 printing offices, 2 binde- ries, 2 weekly and 1 semi-weekly newspapers, 1 flouring m., 5 .saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $37,050. 1 acad. 15 students, 6 sch. 180 scholars. Pop. 2,972. CiRCLEviLLE, p-o., Tazewell co.. 111., 54 n. Sprhigfield, 787 W. City, p-o., Amenia t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 70 s. by E. Albany, 323 W. City Point, p-v., and port of entry. Prince George co., Va., 33 s. e. Richmond, 162 W. Sit- uated on the s. side of James r., on a point formed by the junction of the Appomattox. James r. is navigable to this place for large ships, wliich come here to load. City West, p-v.. Porter co., la., 155 n. n. w. Indianapolis, 680 W. Situated on the shore of Lake iMichigan, and has a good harbor. Civil Order, p-o., Marshall co., Tenn., 35 s. Nashville, 698 W. Claiborne, county, Miss. Situated toward the s. w. part of the state, on the Mississippi r. 17 It contains 500 sq. ms. Big Black r. washes its N. w border. Drained by Bayou Pierre and its branches. The surface, back from tlie streams, is uneven, and the soil, except the alluvial on the margin of the streams, is light and sterile. A railroad leads from Port Gibson to Grand Gulf. Capital, Port Gibson. There were in 1840, neat cattle 15,073, sheep 6,527, swme 22,475 ; rye 585 bush, produced, Ind. com 353,875, oats 5, 125, po- tatoes 29,935, cotton 11,996,910 poimds ; 10 com- mission houses in foreign trade, cap. $6i,l(X) ; 43 stores, cap. .$326,450 ; 1 tannery, 168 grist in., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $92,600. 1 college, 72 students, 3 acad. 71 students, 9 sch. 183 scho- lars. Pop. 1830, 9,787 ; 1840, whites 3,232, slaves 9,753, free col'd 93 ; total, 13,078. Claiborne, parish. La., situated in the n. w. part of the state, and has Red r. on its w. border, and the state of Arkansas on the N. It has Lakes Bisteneau and Bodeau. Drained by branches of Red and Waehitta rs. Most of the parish con- sists of a light pine land, but the soil on the streams is better, and covered with hard wood. Capital, Overton. It has 4 acad. 112 students, 11 schools, 217 scholars. Pop. whites 3,846, free col'd 44, slaves 2,295 ; total, 6,185. Claiborne, county, Tenn. Situated toward the N. E. part of the state, and contains 5S0 sq. ms. The surface is mountainous. Powell's r. runs through its centre, and Clinch river on its s. border, and Ixjth are head branches of Tennessee r. Capital, Tazewell. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,236, sheep 9,214, swine 30,909 ; wheat 37,288 bushels produced, rye 2,232, Indian corn 540,724, oats 126,248, potatoes 15,027, tobacco 23,850 pounds, cotton 5,595, sugar 34,660 ; 8 stores, cap. $67,500; 2 furnaces, 7 forges, 8 tanneries, 39 distilleries, 2 powder m., 10 flouring mills, 14 grist m., 11 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. S;5,800. 12 sch. 276 scholars. Pop. 1830, 8,470 ; 1840, whites 8,765, slaves 624, free col'd 85 ; total, 9,474. Claiborne, p-v., Monroe co., Ala., 138 s. Tus- caloosa, 930 W. Situated on the e. side of Ala- bama r., at the head of schooner navigation. Claiborne, t.. Union county, O. It has 4 sch 110 scholars. Pop. 497. Claiborneville, p-v., Yazoo co.. Miss., 57 n. Jackson, 1,046 W. Clapp's, p-o., Guilford co., N. C, 68 w. n. w. Raleigh, 311 W. Clappville, p-v., Leicester t., Worcester co., Mass., 50 w. by s. Boston, 390 W. Situated on the head waters of Quinebaug river. It has 2 churches — 1 Episcopal and 1 Baptist — 3 woollen fac, 1 scythe fac, and several dwellings. Clara, t., Potter co., Pa. It has 1 saw mill. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. Pop. 61. C'laremont, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 49w. by N. Concord, 464 W. It lies on Connecticut river, which bounds it on the w. Watered by Sugar r. The surface is undulating; soil, fertile gravelly loam, with rich intervales on the rivers. Char- tered in 1764. Iron ore and limestone are found here. It is a prosperous agricultural town, with some manufactures. It has 4 churches — 1 Con- gregational, 1 Episcopal, i Baptist, and 1 Metho- dist. The principal v. is on Sugar r., 4 E. Con- necticut r., where are 2 of the churches, and sev- eral mills. ITiere are in the t. 8 stores, capital $82,000 ; 1 furnace, 4 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 350 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper, 4 grist m., 8 saw m., 17 sch. 1,015 scholars. Pop. 3,217. Claremont, p-v., Pickens dist., S. C, 162 n. w. Columbia, 560 W. Clarence, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 270 w. Alba- ny, 3'dO W. fhe surface is undulating; soil, CLA 130 CLA clay, sandy, and calcareous loam, well adapted to grain. Drained by Ransom's and Tonawanda creeks. Organized in 1808. At the v. is 1 Meth- odist church, and 40 dwellings. It has 7 stores, capital $22,800 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,400. 1 acad. 30 students, 13 sch. 698 scholars. Pop. 2,271. Clarence, p-o., Calhoun co., Mich. Clarendon, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 70 s. 8. w. Montpelier, 449 W. Chartered in 1761. Water- ed by Otter cr. and its branches. The lands on the streams are very productive. There are 3 churches — 1 Congregational and 2 Baptist. The streams afford water power. Marble is found here. It has 5 stores, cap. $16,200 ; 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,170. 13 sch. 517 scholars. Pop. 1,549. Clarendon, p-t., Orleans co., N. Y., 243 w. by n. Albany, 392 W. The surface is high, and somewhat broken ; soil, calcareous loam. Dram- ed by branches of Sandy and Oak Orchard crs. The V. contains 2 churches, 2 stores, 1 flouring m., 40 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t., 2 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Capital in manufac. $13,950. 16 sch. 825 scholars. Fop. 2,251. Clarendon', p-t., Calhoun co., j>Iich., 101 w. Detroit, 562 W. It has 3 sch. 124 scholars. Pop. 506. Clarendon, p-o., Monroe co., Ark., 60 e. Lit- tle Rock, 1,005 W. Clarendon Springs, p-o.. Clarendon t., Rut- land county, Vt., 70 s. s. w. Montpelier, 448 W. Here is a chalybeate spring, containing also car- bonate of lime, wliich is resorted to for its medi- cinal efficacy in several complaints. Claridon, t., Marion co., O. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 6 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1,084. Claridon, p-t., Geauga co., O., 169 n. e. Co- lumbus, 30 E. Cleveland, 334 W. Watered by the head branches of Cuyahoga r. The surface is undulating, and the soil a loam, adapted both to grain and to grazing. Cattle, butter, and cheese are exported. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 ful- ling m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 10 sch. 368 scholars. Pop. 897. ClariOxN, r., Pa., or Great Toby's cr., rises in McKean co., and after flowing 70"ms. s. w., falls into Alleghany r. It is navigable for boats 55 ms., and for canoes about 10 ms. further. Vast quantities of lumber are sent dowTi this river to Pittsburg, and towns on the Ohio r. Clarion, county, Pa. Situated in tiie n. w. part of the state, and contains 530 sq. ms. It has the Alleghany r. on the s. vv.. Red Banker, on the s., and drained centrally by Clarion, or To- by's r. and branches. The southern portion is moderately undulating and fertile, the northern part, uneven and rough, abounding in iron ore and pine timber. There are 11 furnaces in the county. It w;is organized in 1839, from parts of Armstrong and Venango. Capital, Clarion. Clarion, p-t., and capital of Clarion co.. Pa., 184 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 273 W. The surface is moderately hilly; soil, loam. Watered by Pmey, I,K-king, and Mill creeks, and Laurel run which flow into Clarion r. The v. is situated on tlie Susquehanna and Waterford turnpike, 1 m K. of the (lanon r. It was commenced in the pine woods, in 1840, and now has a court house jail, an academy, Srelisjious societies about erect- ing churches, viz : 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and I ( alholic: 5 stores, 110 dwellinas and 55() 'it^' nn'r?"*',- rTr ^''^ ''"''' \" ^^^ ^^ ^ ^t^^^s, capital $^5,000 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 3 grist m 5 saw in. Cap. in manufac. $r3,0;!0. 14 «{h 4-20 scholars. Pop. 2,239. "* ^ni. ixiu Clarke, county, Va. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 225 sq. ms. The Shenandoah r. passes centrally through it. Sur- face, diversified. It has the Blue Ridge on the e. Soil, first rate. Capital, Berry ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,651, sheep 7,616, swine 14,915; wheat 253, 104 bush. produced, rye 17,096, Ind. com 266,904, buckwheat 909, oats 90,776, potatoes 19,680, hops 388 poimds ; 4 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 11 grist ra., 5 sawmills. Cap. in manufac. $60,140. 8 acad. 167 students, 5 sch. 114 scholars. Pop. whites 2,867, slaves 3,325, free col'd 161 ; total, 6,353. Clarke, county, Ga. Situated centrally in the N. part of the state, and contains 414 sq. ms. Watered by branches of Oconee river. Capital, Watkinsville. There were in ] 840, neat cattle 10,008, sheep 3,771, swine 21,754 ; wheat 41,631 bush, produced, Indian corn 288,776, oats 58,915, potatoes 10,587, cotton 795,615 pounds ; 23 stores, cap. $81,780 ; 3 cotton fac. 5,630 sp., 2 dyeing and printing estab., 3 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 13 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $285,841. 1 college, 12 students, 7 acad. 265 students, 5 schools, 170 scholars. Pop. 1830, 10,176 ; 1810, whites 5,603, slaves 4,877, free col'd 42 ; total, 10,522. Clarke, county, Ala. Situated between the Tombigbee and Alabama rivers, in the s. w.part of the state, and contains 1,200 sq. ms. The sur- iace is uneven, and the soil indifferent, except- ing on the streams, where it is liable to be over- flowed. Capital, Macon. There were in 1840, neat cattle 18,035, sheep 2,624, swine 28,652 ; wheat 573 bush, produced, Ind. corn 272,405, oats 13,903, potatoes 32,985, cotton 3,023,852 pounds, 23 stores, cap. ,$47,500 ; 3 tanneries, 41 grist m., 17 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,620. 5 acad. 136 students, 12 sch. 216 scholars. Pop. 1830, 7,595 ; 1840, whites 4,228, slaves 4,395, free col'd 17 ; total, 8,640. Clarke, county, Miss. Situated toward the E. border of the state, and contains 650 sq. ms. Watered by Chickasawha r. and branches. Sur- face, generally level. Capital, Quitman. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,080, sheep 1,199, swine lO.ldO; wheat 1,008 bush, produced, Ind. corn 130,300, oats 668, potatoes 33,142, rice 7,510 pounds, tobacco 1,420, cotton 1,296,200; 6 stores, cap. $9,250 ; 10 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $9,450. 6 sch. 107 scholars. Pop. wliites 2,076, slaves 909, free col'd 1 ; total, 2,986. Clarke, county, Ky. Situated centrally in the E. part of tlie state, having Kentucky r. on its s. border. It contains about 300 sq.ms. Capital, Winchester. There were in 1840, neat cattle 15,343, sheep 20,953, swine 35,713 ; wheat 76,751 bush, produced, rye 145,511, Ind. corn 1,004,455, oats 94,770, potatoes 21,130, hemp and flax 322 tons, tobacco 82,410 pounds, sugar 71,155 ; 23 stores, cap. $134,800 ; 1 woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 14 distilleries, 3 rope factories, 10 flouring m., 28 grist m., 21 .saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office. Cap. in manufac. $97,395. 2 acad. 115 students, 23 sch. 738 scholars. Pop. whites 6,755, slaves 3,902, free col'd 145 ; total, 10,802. Clvrke, county, O. Situated toward the s. w. part of the stale, and contains 412 sq. ms. It has a very fertile soil, which is well watered by springs, and is well cultivated. Watered by Mad r., Beaver and Buck crs. The national road runs through the co., as will also the Mad r. and Lake Erie railroad. Capital, Springfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 18,788, sheep 37,821, swine 24,235 ; wheat 172,329 bush, produced, rye 26,999, Ind. corn 592,997, buckwheat 2,055, bar- ley 1,631, oats 229,154, hops 1,148 poimds, sugar CLA 131 CLA 22,037 ; 53 stores, cap. $106,'250 ; 7 fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 10 tanneries, 27 distilleries, 1 brew- ery, 4 potteries, 23 flouring m., 18 grist m., 48 saw m., 9 oil ra., 1 paper factory, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $236,190. 1 acad. 60 students, 94 sch. 3,369 scholars. Pop. 1830, 13,074 ; 1840, 16,882. Clarke-, county, la. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, on the Ohio r., and contains 400 sq. ms. Organized in 1802. The surface is rolling. Watered by small tributaries of the Ohio. Cap- ital, Charleston. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,682, sheep 16,759, swine 26,619 ; wheat 100,105 bush, produced, Ind. corn 336,570, barley 1,100, oats 153,586, potatoes 33,601, sugar 16,435 pounds ; 50 stores, cap. $173,250. Cap. in manufactures, $148,818. 6 acad. 171 students, 53 sch. 1,406 scho- lars. Pop. 1830, 10,686 ; 1810, 14,595. Clarke, county. 111. Situated in the e: part of the state, and contains 1,080 sq. ms. Drained by Crane and Fox crs. and the n. Fork of Embar- rass r. Capital, Marshall. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,154, sheep 6,281, swine 16,194 ; wheat 23,913 bush produced, rye 1,313, Ind. corn 349,878, buckwheat 1,108, oats 55,211, potatoes 15,781, sugar 5,840; 12 stores, cap. $39,175; 4 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 18 grist m., 20 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,268. 6 schools, 18 scholars. Pop. 7,453. ('larke, county. Mo. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 560 sq. ms. It has the Mississippi r. on the e. and the Des Moines on the N. E. Drained by Fox and Wyaconda rs. Capital, Waterloo. There were in 1859, neat cattle 2,969, sheep 2,239, swine 14,266 ; wheat 14,553 bush, produced, Indian corn 163,124, oats 25,924, potatoes 12,580, tobacco 15,347 pounds ; 1 commission house, cap. $2,000 ; 14 stores, cap. $16,320 ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 6 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 34,401. 1 acad. 25 students, 7 sch. 133 scholars. Pop. whites 2,423, slaves 420, free col'd 3 ; total, 2,846. Clarke, county. Ark. Situated toward thes. part of the state. Watered by Wachitta river, which passes through its centre, and Little Mis- souri r. on its s. border. The surface is hilly or mountainous. Excepting on the streams, the soil is sterile. Capital, Greenville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,544, sheep 642, swine 11,444 ; wheat 1,050 bush, produced, Ind. corn 96,680, oats 2,558, potatoes 7,680, cotton 2'.)6,(K)9 pounds. Pop. 1830, 1,369; 1840, whites 1,622, slaves 687; total, 2,309. Clark, p-o., Mercer co., Pa., 245 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 288 W. Clark, t., Lincoln co.. Mo. Pop. 1,218. Clark, t.. Cole co., Mo. It has 4 sch. 85 scho- lars. Pop. 853. Clark, t., Gasconade co., Mo. Population, 621. Clark, t., .Johnson co.. Ark. Pop. 401. Clark, t.. Pope co., Ark. It has 1 school, 27 scholars. Pop. 296. Clark, t.. Brown co., O. It has 2 schools, 90 scholars. Pop. 1,290. Clark, t., Clinton co., O. It has 4 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,525. 5 sch. 307 scholars. Pop. 1,297. Clark, t., Coshocton co., O. Pop. 703. Clark, t., Montgomery co., la. It has 1 sch. 24 scholars. Pop. 603. Clarks Fork, t.. Cooper co.. Mo. It has 3 sch. 121 scholars. Pop. 1,147. Clarks, p-o., Hopkins co., Ky., 210 w. s. w. Frankfort, 746 W. Clarks, p-t, Co.shocton co., O., 85 n. E. Co- lumbus, 351 W. It has 1 grist m., 4 saw m., I sch. 28 scholars. Pop. 703. Clarksborough, p-v., Greenwich t., Glouces- ter CO., N. J., 41 s. w. Trenton, 152 W. It has a store, and about 30 dwellings, with a Friends' meeting house 2 ms. s. w. Clarksburg, p-v.. Upper Freehold t., Mon- mouth CO., N. J., 21 E. Trenton, 187 W. It is a small settlement of 6 or 8 houses. Clarksburg, p-v., Montgomery co., Md., 68 w. N. w. Annapolis, 28 W. CLARivsnuRG, p-v., capital of Harrison co., Va., 253 N. w. Richmond, 221 W. Situated on Mo- nongahela r. It has a court house, jail, a Metho- dist church, 120 dwellings, and about 800 in- habitants. It has a printing office, which issues a weekly newspaper. Clarksburg, p-v., capital of Lewis co., Ky., 107 E. N. E. Frankfort, 469 W. Situated on Salt Lick cr., 4 ms. s. of the Ohio r. It contains a court house, and several dwellings. Clarksburg, p-v., Deerfield t., Ross co., O., 41 s. Columbus, 411 W. Clarksburg, p-v., Decatur co., la., 55 s. e- Indianapolis, 539 W. Clarksburg, t., Berkshire co., Mass., 125 w. by N. Boston^ 27 n. by e. Lenox. Incorporated in 1798. Watered by a branch of Hoosic r., which affords water power. The surface is une- ven. It has 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 5 saw m., 5 sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 370. Clark's Ferry, p-o.. Perry co., Pa., 16 n. w. Harrisburg, 126 W. Clarksfield, p-t., Hurdn co., O., 102 n. by E. Columbus, 380 W. Situated on Vermillion r., 16 above its mouth. It contains 2 churches, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist. First settled in 1817. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $10,200. 10 sch. 318 scholars. Pop. 1,473. Clark's Fork, p-o.. Cooper co.. Mo. Clark's Mills, p-o., Lawrence co., O., 119 s. by E. Columbus, 404 W. Clark's Mills, p-o., Moore co., N. C, 110 s. w. Raleigh, 394 W. Clark's Mills, p-o., Hempstead co.. Ark. Clarkson, p-t., Monroe co., N. Y., 236 w. by n Albany, 16 n. w. Rochester, 385 W. The sur- face is level, and the soil sandy and gravelly loam. Drained by Little Salmon and Sandy creeks, that flow into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the n. The v. is on the Ridge- road, and contains 1 Presbyterian church, an academy, 3 stores, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 2 carding and cloth dressing works, 1 carriage fac, 100 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. Tliere are in the t., 2 stores, cap. $2,600 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac $3'J),100. 1 acad. 144 students, 21 sch. 1,248 scholars. Pop. 3,486. Clarkson, p-v., Middleton t., Columbiana co., O., 159 N. E. Columbus, 271 W. It has 1 sch. 28 scholars. Pop. 63. Clarkson, p-o., Oakland co., Mich., 35 n. w. Detroit, 559 W. Clark's River, a branch of the Columbia r., w. of the Rocky mountains. (See Oregon Ter.) Clark's Store, p-o., Martin co., N. C, 119 e. Raleigh, 243 W. Clark's Store, p-o., 'WTiitewater t., Hamil- ton CO., O., 122 s. w. Columbus, 506 W. Clarkstown, p-t., capital of Rockland co., N. Y., 122 s. Albany, 267 W. The surface is hilly, and the soil in the valleys productive. It is bounded e. by Hudson r. Rockland lake, in the N. part of the t., celebrated for furnishing ice for the New York market, has its outlet into Hack- ensack r. The county building, consisting of a CLA 132 CLA court house and jail, is in a v. called New City, whore is 1 store, 1 grist ni., 1 saw m., and 12 dwellings. 'J'liere are in the t., 6 stores, cap. $20,00() ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fee, 1 tannery, 5 grist ni., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufoc. $20,200. 6 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. 2,533. Clarksvih.e, p-0., New Scotland t., Albany CO., N. Y., 14 s. w. Albany, 376 W. It has 1 store, and about 15 dwellings. Cl.\rksville, t., Coos CO., N. H. It is situa- ted on the E. side of Connecticut r., near its source, and was granted to Dartmouth college in 1789. Incorporated in 1S32. It has 1 saw m., 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 88. Clarksville, p-v., Li'banon t., Hunterdon co., N. J., 45 N. by w. Trenton, 202 W. Situated on Spruce run, at the foot of Mnsconetcong mt. It has 1 store, 2 saw m., 2 grist m., and about 8 dwellings. Iron and plumbago are found in the mt., near the v. Clarksville, t., Alleghany co., N. Y. It has 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,200. 3 sch. 93 scholars. Pop. 326. Clarksville, p-o., Anne Arundel co., Md., 50 w. by N. Annapolis, 35 W. Clarksville, p-v., Greene co.. Pa., 203 w. s. w. Harrisburg, 219 W. It is situated at the junction of the x. and s. Forks of Ten Mile creek. Clarksville, p-o.. Mecklenburg co., Va., 121 s. w. Richmond, 226 W. Clarksville, pv., capital of Habersham co., Ga., 138 N. Milledgeville, 549 W. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churches, an academy, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Clarksville, p-v., capital of Clarke co., Ala., 134 s. Tuscaloosa, 935 W. It has a court house, and several dwellings. Clarksville, p-v., capital of Montgomery CO., Tenn., 45 n. w. Nashville, 730 W. Situated at the junction of Red r. with Cumberland r. Clarksville, p-v., Vernon t., CUinton co., O., 82 s. w. Columbus, 455 W. It contains 2 churches, and is a considerable village. Clarksville, p-v.. Pike co.. Mo., 99 n. e. Jefferson city, 871 W. Situated on w. side of Mississippi r. It has several stores and dwellings. Clarksville, p-v., Johnson co.. Ark. Claussville, p-v., Leliigh co., Pa., 83 e. n. e. Harrisburg, 175 W. Claverack, t., Columbia co., N. Y., 4 e. Hudson, 34 s. Albany. The surface is hilly; soil, gravelly loam and clay, and generally fer- tile. Watered by Claverack cr. The v. con- tains 1 church, 2 stores, an academy, 50 dwell- ings, and 301) inhabitants. There are in the t., 4 stores, cap. $24,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 2 flouring m., 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $33,7o0. 1 acad. 100 students, 12 sch. 880 scholars. Pop. 3,056. Clay, county, Ky. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 880 sq. ms. Drained by the s. w. Fork of Kentucky r. The soil is generally light. Salt springs and mineral coal are found in the co. Capital, Manchester. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,321, sheep 3 411 swine 13,043; wheat 2,476 bush, produced ' rve 668 Ind corn 153,140, oats 25,797, potatoes 0,ybl, tobacco 3,o43 pounds, sugar 13,231 salt 106,000 bush., bituminous coal 88,950 ; ' 6 stores cap. $11,500 ; 4 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 29 grist ra ' 6 saw m. (Jap. in manufac. $3,040. 2 sch 19 scholars Pop. 1830,3,518; 1810, whites 3,954, slaves 503, free col'd 150 ; total, 4,607. Clay, county, la. Situated in the w. part of the sia'.e, contains 360 sq. ms. Organized in 1825. It contains good land for cultivation and large portions covered with heavy timber' In the s. w. part are some beautiful prairies. Wa- tered by Eel r. and its branches. Capital, Bow- ling Green. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,472, sheep 3,558, swine 12,019 ; wheat 10,874 bush, produced, Ind. corn 202,250, oats 25,597, potatoes 11,177, tobacco 8,100 pounds, sugar 21,375 ; 14 stores, cap. $37,600 ; 4 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 11 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac, $23,825. 1 acad. 45 students, 10 sch. 356 scholars. Pop. 1830, 1,616; 1840, 5,567. Clay, county, Dl. Situated in the s. e. part of the state. It contains 475 sq. ms. Surface level, soil fertile. Drained by Little W^ibash r. Capital, Lewisville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,033, sheep 2,483, swine 12,033 ; wheat 4,050 bush, produced, rye 430, Ind. com 144,189, oats 18,850, potatoes 8,770, tobacco 2,430 pounds, cotton 1,396, sugar 2,772 ; 5 stores, cap. $2,750 ; 2 tanneries, 6 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $12,830. 6 sch. 134 scholars. Pop. 3,228. Clay, county. Mo. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, on the n. side of the Missouri r. It contains 432 sq. ms. The surface is undula- ting, and the soil excellent. Drained by Fishing and a branch of Little Platte rivers. Capital, Liberty. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,271, sheep 18,803, swine 38,632 ; wheat 8,889 bush, produced, rye 4,382, Ind. corn 570,970, oats 96,333, potatoes 26,253, tobacco 32,593 pounds ; 1 com. house, cap. $4,000; 24 stores, cap. $153,420 ; 4 tanneries, 21 distilleries, 41 grist ni., 25 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 acad. 58 students, 11 sch. 333 schol- ars. Pop. 1830, 5,338 ; 1840, whites 6,373, slaves 1,875, free col'd 34 ; total, 8,282. Clay, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 142 w. n. w. Albany, 10 n. Syracuse, 359 W. The surface is undulating, and the soil productive, resting on saliferous sandstone. Oneida and Seneca rivers here unite to form Oswego r. It has 23 sch. 1,146 scholars. Pop. 2,852. Clay, p-t., St. Clair co., Mich., 62 n. n. e. De- troit, 586 W. It has 3 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 lum- ber yard, cap. $5,000 ; 1 saw ra. Cap. in manu- fac. $10,500. Pop. 387. Clay, t., La'ayette co.. Mo. Pop. 1,305. Clay, t., Ralls co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 30 schol- ars. Pop. 1,049. Clay, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It lies 10 or 15 ms. below New Philadelphia, on both sides of the Ohio canal and Muskingum r. It has 4 stores, cap. $1,050 ; 1 tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $300. 5 sch. 341 scholars. Pop. 864. Clay, t., Scioto, co., O. The bottom land on the Scioto r., which washes its w. border, is ex- tensive, and very fertile. The upland is hilly, but well fitted for the production of grain. It has 3 sch. 96 scholars. Pop. 696. Clay, t., Ottawa co., O., 16 w. Lower San- dusky, on Portage r. Organized in 1832. Pop. 176. Clay, t., 3Iontgomery co., O. It has 6 sch. 173 scholars. Pop. 1,633. Clay, t.. Highland co., O. Pop. 783. Clay, t., Hamilton co., la. Pop. 730. Clay, t., Allen co., O. Pop. 435. Clay, t., Gallia co., O. It has 1 store, cap. $400 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. 745. Clay, t., Knox co., O. It has 1 acad. 32 stu- dents. Pop. 1,302. Clay, t.. La Grange co., la. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $800. Pop. 99. Clay, t., Owen co., la. It has 2 sch. 40 schol- ars. Pop. 804. ('lay, t., Wayne co., la. It has 5 sch. 132 scholars. Pop. 923. CLE 133 CLE Claypool, p-0., Kosciusko co., la. Claysville, p-v., Washington co., Pa., 219 w. Harrinburg, 2i6 W. It contains a Presbyte- rian church, and about 80 buildings. It has 5 stores, cap. $12,300 ; 2 tanneries. Cap. in manu- fac. $5,5.50. Pop. 292. Claysville, p-v., Westland t., Guernsey co., O., 87 E. Columbus, 320 W. It lies 6 s. of the national road. It contains I church, 2 or 3 stores, and 25 or 30 dwellings. Claysville, p-o., Hampshire co., Va., 209 n. w. Richmond, 137 W. Claysville, p-v., Marshall co., Ala., 133 n. E. Tuscaloosa, 700 W. Situated on the n. side of Tennessee r. Claysville, p-v., Harrison co., Ky., 49 e. n. E. Frankfort, 493 W. Claysville, p-v., Washington co., la., 96 s. Indianapolis, 615 W. Clayton, county, Iowa. Situated in the n. part of the Ter., and contains about 720 sq. ms. Drained by Turkey r. Navigable by steamboats to the junction of Volga r. These livers afford good water power. Buck cr., Inymagill or., Bloody run and Yellow r. flow into the Mississip- pi r., in its n. part. Some lead mines have been found. The land on Turkey r. is excellent. Capital, J^rairie la Porte. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,011, sheep 66, .swine 941 ; wheat 1,5S6 bush, produced, Ind. corn 23,270, oats 2,960, potatoes 14,000, sugar 13,529 pounds ; 9 com. houses, cap. $78,300; 4 stores, cap. $1,500; 1 grist m. C'ap. in manufac. $8,000. 2 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 1,101. Clayton, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 12 n. by w. Watertown, 186 n. w. Albany, 431 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, fertile, sandy and clay loam. The St. LawTence r. bounds it on the N. w. Drained by Chaumont r. and French cr. It has 13 stores, cap. $49,400 ; 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 11 saw m., 3 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $16,593 ; 7 sch. 214 scholars. Pop. 2,990. Clayton, p-o., Montgomery co., O. Clayton, p-v., capital of Rabun co., Ga., 181 N. Milledgeville, 585 W. Situated at the s. base of the Blue Ridge. It contains a court house, jail, an academy, 25 stores, and several dwellings. Clayton, p-v., capital of Barbour co., Ala., 179 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 827 W. It contains a coiut house and a few dwellings. Clayton, p-v., Adams co., 111., 89 w. Spring- field, 866 W. Clayton, t.. Perry co., O. It has 5 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $4,425. 7 sch. 23S scholars. Pop- 1,602. Claytonville, p-v., capital of Henderson co., N. C, 284 w. by s. Raleigh, 514 W. Situated on the N. side of French Broad r. It has a court house, jail, an academy, several stores and dwellings. Clay Village, p-v., Shelby co., Ky., 17 w. Frankfort, 559 W. Clear Branch, p-o., Washington co., Va., 314 w. by s. Richmond, 382 W. Clear Creek, p-v., Ellington t., Chautauque CO., N. Y., 319 w. by s. Albany, 335 W. It con- tains 2 churches, 3 stores, 2 saw m., 40 dwell- ings, and about 250 inhabitants. Clear Creek, p-o., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 160 w. s. w. Raleigh, 397 W. Clear Creek, p-o., Morgan co., Tenn. Clear Creek, p-o., Lafayette co.. Miss., 170 N. N. e. Jackson, 921 W. Clear Creek Landing, p-v., Alexander co., 111., 215 s. Springfield, 849 W. Clear Creek, t., Fairfield co., O. It has 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,300. Pop. 1,693. Clear Creek, t., Warren co., O., a rich ag- ricultural township. It has 6 sch. 218 scholars. Pop. 2,8S2. Clear Creek, t, Richland co., O It has 309 scholars in schools. Pop. 1,653. Clearfield, county. Pa. Situated centrally toward the w.part of the state. It contains 1,425 .sq. ms. Watered by the head branches of the w. fork of Susquehanna r. The siu-face is rough, and the soil sterile, with some exceptions. Capi- tal, Clearfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,624, sheep 6,499, swine 6,963; wheat 46,714 bushels produced, rye 26,940, Ind. corn 27,7:^7, oats 81,037, potatoes 44,756, sugar 1,518 pounds; 13 stores, cap. $39,000; 1 furnace, 2 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 16 grist m., 49 saw^ m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufactures $6,000. Pop. 1830, 4,803; 1840, 7,834. Clearfield, t., Butler co.. Pa. It has 2 dis- tilleries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,725. 9 sch. 252 scholars. Pop. 1,113. Clearfield, p-v., capital of Clearfield co., Pa., 126 N. w. Harrisburg, 218 W. It is situated on the s. bank of the w. branch of Susquehanna r., near the junction of Clearfield cr. It has a court house and several dwellings. Clearfield, t., Cambria co.. Pa. The surface is rolling ; soil, clay and gravel. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $800. 3 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 300. Clearfield Creek, p-o., Clearfield co.. Pa., 127 N. w. Harrisburg, 217 W. Clearfield, cr.. Pa., a considerable branch of the w. fork of Susquehanna r. Clear Fork Mills, p-o., Johnson co.. Mo. Clear Fork, p-o., Whitley co., Ky., 137 s. s. e. Frankfort, 538 W. Clear Mont, p-o., Cannon co., Tenn. Clear Spring, p-v., Washington co., Md., 112 N. w. Annapolis, 80 W. Clear Spring, t., Lagrange co., Ind. It has 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $550. 3 sch. 56 scholars. Pop. 226. Clear Spring, p-o., Kosciusko co., Ind. Clemmonsville, p-v., Davidson co., N. C, 130 w. Raleigh, 331 W. Clendenin, p-o., Kanawha CO., Va., 333 w. by N. Richmond, 338 W. Clermont, p-t., Columbia co., N. Y., 13 s Hudson, 41 s. Albany, 329 W. It lies on the e. side of Hudson r. The surface is undulating, and the soil a fertile clay and a gravelly loam. Watered by Ancram or Roeliff Jansen's cr. The v., on the road between New York and Albany, contains 1 church. 1 store, an academy, 25 dwell- ings, and about 150 inhabitants. Pop. of the t. 1,231. There are in the t., 1 store, cap. $6,000; 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,500. 1 acad. liJ students, 5 sch. 236 .<;cholars. Clermont, county, O. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, on the Ohio r., and contains about 450 sq. ms. A large part of the land is rich, but some is too wet for cultivation. On the r. it is hilly and broken. Watered by E. Fork, a branch of Little Miami r. Capital, Batavia. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,190, sheep 27,127, swine 35,556 ; wheat 291,268 bushels pro- duced, rye 5,448, Ind. corn 670,075, buckwiieat 975, barley 623, oats 224,880, potatoes 32,139, to- bacco 68,050 pounds, sugar 3,305 ; 63 stores, cap. $103,300; 3 lumber yai-ds, cap. $1,428 ; 1 wool- len fac, 12 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 7 flouring m., 17 grist m.,29 saw m., 1 oil m.,2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Capital in manufactures, CLE 134 CLI $166 215. 2 acad. 78 students, 66 sch. 3,289 scholars. Pop. 1830, 20,466 ; 1840,23,106. Cleveland, p-v., Constantia t., Oswego co., N. Y. Situated on the n. side of Oneida lake. It contains 1 cliurch, 3 stores, 1 ', 5 grist m., 21 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,400. 19 sch. 987 scholars. Pop. 3,583. Cobleskill Centre, p-o., Cobleskill t., Scho- harie CO., N. Y., 44 w. Albany, 384 W. Coburn's Store, p-o., Mecklenburg cc, N. C, 167 w. s. w. Raleigh, 404 W. CocALico, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 37 e. by s. Harrisburg, 135 W. CocHECTON, p-t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 131 s. w. Albany, 293 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gra- velly loam. Delaware r. bounds it on the w. Drained by Collicoon and Ten Mile creeks, which flovi' into the Delaware. The v. is situated on the E. side of the Delaware, and contams 1 store, 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. There are in the t., 2 stores, cap. $3,800 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,500. 5 sch. 167 scholars. Pop. 622. Cochran, t., Macon co., Mo. Pop. 196. Cochran's Grove, p-v., Shelby co., 111., 72 s. E. Springfield, 716 W. Cochran's Mills, p-o., Pickens co., Ala., 39 w. Tuscaloosa, 857 W. Cochran's, p-o., Putnam co., O. CocHRANsviLLE, p-v., Chester co., Pa., 62 e. s. E. Harrisburg, 106 W. Cochran, t., Macon co., Mo. Pop. 196. CocHRANTON, p-0., Salt Rock t., Marion co., O., 10 w. Marion, 8 e. Burlington. CocKE, county, Tenn. Situated in the e. part of tlie state, bounded on the s. E. by the Smoky Mountains, a chain of the Alleghany from N. C. Drained by French Broad r. and Big Pigeon r. It contains 374 sq. ms. The surface is uneven and broken. Capital, Newport. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,435, sheep 2,880, swine 15,190 ; wheat 18,820 bush, produced, rye 2,145, Ind. corn 265,680, oats 29,450, potatoes 5,455, hops 335 pounds ; 6 stores, cap. $26,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 dis- tillery, 2 flouring m., 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,250. Pop. 1830, 6,017 ; 1840, whites 6,199, slaves 634, free col'd 159 ; total, 6,992. CocHRANTOX, p-0., Harrison co., O. CoDORus, creek, rises in Frederick co., Md., and after a comparative course of 30 ms., enters the Susquehanna r. near New Holland v., in Pa. CoDORus, p-v.. Old Codorus t., York co.. Pa., 37 s. Harrisburg, 83 W. Situated on Codorus creek. CoELEBS, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 174 s. w. by w. Richmond, 261 W. CoEYMANs, p-t., Albany co., N. Y., 13 s. Alba- ny, 356 W. The surface is broken ; soil various. Drained by Coeyman's cr., and other small trib- utaries of Hudson r. The v. is situated on the w. side of the Hudson r., and contains 1 Dutch Reformed, and 1 Methodist church, 10 stores 1 grist jn., 1 saw m., 1 axe fac, 1 cloth dressing and lulling m., and extensive brickyards. It con- tains 100 dweUmgs, and about 700 inhabitants. It has a steamboat landing, and several sloons navigating the r. There are in the t, 15 stores, can $23,.)00 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m Can m manufac. $31,050 ; 15 sch. 733 scholars Pop Coeyman's Hollow, p-o., Coeyman's t., Al- bany CO., N. Y., 19 s. Albany, 362 W. Coffee, county, Tenn. Situated in the cen- tral part of the state, and contains 170 sq. ms. The surface is undulating ; soil fertile. Drained by head branches of Duck r. Capital, Manches- ter. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,243, sheep 8,198, swine 31,119; wheat 47,799 bash, pro- duced, rye, 4,761, Ind. corn 1,565,873, oats 74,934, potatoes 12,105, tobacco 26,348 pounds, cotton 69,(J60, sugar 700 ; 8 stores, cap. $25,540 ; 9 tan- neries, 26 distilleries, 1 rope fac, 10 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,550. 8 sch. 342 scholars. Pop. whites 7,057, slaves 1,105, free col'd 22 ; total, 8,184. Coffee Creek, p-o.. Porter co., la., 148 n. n. w. Indianapolis, 692 W. Coffee Run, p-o., Huntingdon co.. Pa., 103 w. Harrisburg, 107 W. Coffeeton, p-o., Wabash co.. 111., 170 s. e. Springfield, 726 W. Coffeeville, p-v., Clark co., Ala., 132 w. by s. Tuscaloosa, 944 W. Situated on the e. bank of Tombigbee r. Coffeeville, p-v., capital of Yallabusha co., Miss., 130 N. by e. Jackson, 941 W. Situated on both sides of Turkey cr., a branch of Yazoo r. It contains a court house and several dwellings. Cohasset, p-t., Norfolk co., Ms., 20 s. e. Bos- ton, 460 W. Incorporated in 1770. It has a rocky and dangerous coast. It has considerable sliipping, mostly engaged in coasting and fishing. Its ocean breezes make it a pleasant summer re- sort. It has 9 stores, cap. $10,401); 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,500. 2 acad. 45 students, 5 sch. 423 scholars. Pop. 1,471. CoHOCTON, p-o., Steuben co., N. Y., 230 w. by s. Albany, 315 W. Cohoe.s, p-v., Watervliet t., Albany co., N..Y., 8 N. Albany, 378 W. Situated on the s. w. bank of the Mohawk r., a little below Colioes Falls, near the jimction of the Erie and Champlain ca- nals. Here is a cotton lac. with 7,000 sp. and 220 looms, 1 flouring m., 3 saw m., 1 iron and brass foundry, and various other manufactories. The v. contains 6 churches— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Dutch Re- formed, and 1 Lniversalist — 12 stores, 200 dwel- lings, and about 2,000 inhabitants. The water power, which might be employed at this place, is very extensive. ("ohoes Falls, on the Mohawk r., 2 miles from its mouth, near Cohoes v., N. Y., present a romantic, and when the river is full, a grand ap- pearance. Besides a rapid above and below, the river here, from 3 to 400 feet broad, has a per- pendicular fall of 70 feet. Half a mile below the falls is a bridge across the r., 800 feet long, presenting a beautiful view of the cataract, lliis fall is ahvays an object of curiosity and admira- tion to travellers. CoHUTTAH Spring, p-o., Murray co., Ga., 12 N. Spring Place, 2i from the n. boundary of the state. Situated at the base of Cohuttah mt. The spring is on the s. side of a small and beautiful stream, issuing from the mountain, which joins the Conncsauga cr., 6 miles below. This is one of the most valuable mineral springs in this sec- tion of the country. Coitsville, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 182 n. e. Columbus, 17 s. e. Warren, 289 W. Beaver r. and the Beaver canal run through its s. w. comer. It has 8 sch. 365 scholars. Pop. 1,005. CoKEstiUR(;, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 93 w. Columbia, 523 Vv". CoKER Creek, p o., Monroe co., Tenn. Colbert, p-v., Lowndes co., Miss., 155 s. E. COL 139 COL Jackson, 899 W. Situated on the w. side of the Tombigbee river. It contains several stores and dwellings. CoLBYViLLE, p-v., Clarke co., Ky., 39 e. s. e. Frankfort, 530 W. Colchester, p-t., Chittenden co., Vt., 46 w. s. w. Montpelier, 519 W. It has Lake Champlain on its w. border, from which Mallet's bay, a large body of water, sets up into the town. La- moille r. runs through its n. w. corner. First set- tled in 1774. The natural growth was partly white pine, with a light soil; and partly hard wood, with a fertile clay loam. On Onion river, partly in this own, and partly in Burlington, is Winooski city, a flourishing manufacturing vil- lage, with a covered bridge across the r., and where is an extensive water power. The t. has been extensively employed in the lumber trade. It has 3 stores," cap. $5,400; 1 woollen fac, 2 sawm. Cap. in manufac. $157,800. 9 sch. 297 scholars. Pop. 1,739. Colchester, p-t.. New London co., Ct., 24 s. s. E. Hartford, 20 n. n. w. New London, 334 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile gravelly loam. Watered by Salmon r. The village is pleasantly situated, on elevated ground, chiefly on one street, and contains a Congregational and a Baptist church ; and Bacon Academy, founded in 1800, by the donation of $35,000, which has the name of its founder. It is a free school to all the inhabitants of the first ecclesias- tical society. The building is of brick, 3 stories high, 75 feet long, and 34 wide. It usually has from 90 to 100 scholars. The t. has 6 stores, cap. $28,909 ; 1 taimery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,800. 1 acad. 250 students, 14 sch. 619 scholars. Pop. 2,101. Colchester, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 98 s. w. by w. Albany, 316 W. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, adapted to grazing. Drained by Papacton branch of Delaware r. Lumber is rafted to Philadelphia. It has 2 stores, cap. $10,000; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 31 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $900. 16 sch. 403 scholars. Pop. 1,567. Coldbrook, pv., Worcester co., Mass., 61 w. Boston, 413 W. Pleasantly situated on a brook of the same name, and has some manufactures. Coldbrook, p-v., Russia t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 86 N. w. Albany, 410 W. Situated on a stream of the same name, and contains 1 chiuch, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 plaster m., 40 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. CoLDBROoic, po., Warren co., 111., 115 n. w. Springfield, 844 W. CoLDEN, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 296 w. Albany, 365 W. The surface is hilly, and tiie soil clay, too wet and cold for grain, but it produces good grass. Drained by Cazenove cr. Organized in 1827. At the v. are some mills, and a small set- tlement. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,700. 11 sch. 449 scholars. Pop. 1,038. CoLDE\HAM, p-o., Newburg t.. Orange co., N. Y., 90 s. by w. Albany, 292 W. Cold Sprl\g, p-v., Phillipstown t., Putnam CO., N. Y., 100 s. Albany, 273 W. It has a ro- mantic situation, on the e. side of Hudson r., in the Highlands, 1 mile above West Point. It con- tains 5 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Catholic, 1 Episco- pal, 1 iMethodist, 1 Presbyterian — 11 stores, and 1,250 inhabitants. The West Point foundry is situated here. It employs 400 men, and has an iron foundry, a brass foundry, pattern, smith's, machine, and boiler shops. There are attached to the foundry 3 air furiaaces, 3 cupolas. In the smith's shop there is 1 trip-hammer of 7 ts. weight, and 2 tilt-hammers — one of a thousand and the other of 500 lbs. The machine shop contains 29 turning lathes, and 3 planing machines for iron. Cold Spring, t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 308 vv. Albany. The surface is hilly, with extensive valleys. Watered by Alleghany river and Cold Spring cr., its tributary. It contains an Indian village. Situated on the N. side of Alleghany r., on the line of the N. Y. and Erie railroad. It is the centre of a considerable lumber trade. Tliere are in the town 1 store, cap. $500 ; 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,800. 1 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 673. Cold .Spring, p-v.. Lower t.. Cape May co., N. J., 105 s. Trenton, 215 W. It contains an Episcopal church, 2 stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings. Cold Spring, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C. Cold Spring, p-o., Wilkinson co., Miss., 120 s. w. Jackson, 1,130 W. Cold Spring, p-o., Campbell co., Ky., 91 n N. E. Frankfort, 501 W. Cold Spring, p-v., Shelby co.. 111., 72 s. e. Springfield, 736 W. Cold Spring Harbor, p-v.. Oyster Bay and Huntington ts.. Queens and SufFolk counties, N. Y., 186 s. by E. Albany, 266 W. Situated on both sides of the head of Cold Spring harbor. It has 1 Episcopal church, 3 stores, 2 woollen fac- tory, 1 grist m., 80 dwellings, and about 500 in- habitants. It has several ships employed in the whaling business, and several smaller vessels in the coasting trade. Cold Stream, p-v., Hampshire co., Va., 21 e. Romney, 167 n. n. w. Richmond, 595 W. Situ- ated on the w. bank of Great Cacapon r. It con- tains 1 church, 2 mills, 1 woollen fac, and other manufacturing establishments. Cold Water, p-o., Elbert co., Ga., 121 n. n. E. Raleigh, 575 W. Cold Water, p-t., capital of Branch co., Mich., 110 \v. s. w. Detroit, 558 W. Watered by Cold- water river and its branches. It has 10 stores, 1 furnace, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $40,400. 8 sch. 179 scholars. Pop. 1,123. Cole, county. Mo., situated in the centre of the state, and along the s. bank of Missouri r., and contains 650 sq. ms. Osage r. runs on its s. w. bor- der. Watered by Moreau cr., which flows into the Missouri r., a few miles above the entrance of the Osage r. Capital, JelTerson city. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,978, sheep 7,832, swine 27,702 ; wheat 30,080 bushels produced, Indian corn 290,559, oats 49,173, potatoes 23,475, tobacco 179,455 pounds, cotton 1,382, sugar 7,569; 36 stores, cap. $91,928 ; 4 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 1 pottery, 32 grist m., 3 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manul'actures $35,197. 2 acad. 74 students, 14 sch. 314 schol- ars. Pop. 1830, 3,023 ; 1840, whites 8,073, slaves 1,179, free col'd 3t ; total, 9,286. Cole, t., Benton co., Mo. Pop. 817. Colebath, t., Clarke co.. Ark., Pop. 169. CoLEBROOK, p-t., Coos CO., N. H., 135 N. Con- cord, 596 W. Connecticut river runs on its w. boundary. Watered by Mohawk r. and Beaver brook. On Connecticut river are fine intervale lands. Incorporated in 1790. It has an incor- porated academy ; 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 8 sch. 192 scholars. Pop. 743. CoLEBRooK, t., Ashtabula county, O. Rock and Musketo creeks pass through it. It has 5 sch. 205 scholars. Pop. 530. CoLEBROOK, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 32 n. vv. Hartford, 356 W. First settled in 1765. The surtace is uneven, and the soil hard and gravel- ly, well fitted for grazing. Drained by Colebrook COL 140 COL r., a tributary of the w. branch of Farmington r., which affords mill seats. It contains 3 churches a Congregational, at the centre, a Baptist in the N. w., anil an Episcopal in the s. e. part. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,500; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 paper manufac, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $45,300. 8 sch. 222 scholars. Pop. 1,232. CoLEBRooKDALE, p-t., Berks CO., Pa., 73 e. Ilarrisburg, 166 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $13,700 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 4 giist m., 4 saw ni., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $11,250. Pop. 1,124. CoLEBRooK River, p-o., Colebrook t., Litch- field CO., Ct., 31 N. w. Hartford, 355 W. Cole Camp, p-o., Benton co., Mo., 65 s. w. Jeflferson city, 1,001 W. Cole Creek, p-o.. Fountain co., la., 66 w. s. w. Indianapolis, 637 W. Cole Creek, t., Montgomery co., la. It has 2 sch. 43 scholars. Poo. 1,589. Coleman, p-o., Cabarras co., N. C. Coleman, p-c, Adair co., Ky., 116 s. by w. Frankfort, 630 W. Coleman Cross Roads, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 51 w. Columbia, 537 W. CoLEMANSviLLE, p-v., HarrisoH CO., Ky., 53 N. E. Frankfort, 521 W. CoLERALV, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 101 w. by n. Boston, 411 W. Watered by a branch of Deer- field r., which affords water power. It is a fine grazing township, and has considerable manufac- tures. It contains 1 furnace ; 4 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 3 cotton fac. 6,220 sp., 2 grist m., 4 saw m., 17 sch. 769 scholars. Pop. 1,971. CoLERALX, t., Ross CO., O., in the n. e. corner of the county. Pop. 1,2S1. CoLERAiN, p-t., Lanca.ster co.. Pa., 69 s. e. Harrisburg, 104 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $8,200 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 grist ra., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,000. 7 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1,453. CoLERAiN, t, Bedford co., Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 1 flowing m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $8,420. 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 5,190. CoLERAiN, t, Hamilton co., O., 10 n. Cincin- nati. Tlie Great Miami river forms its western boundary. It has 3 sch. 19 scholars. Pop. 2,272. CoLERAiN, p-v., Bertie co., N. C, 176 e. by n. Raleigh, 248 W. Situated on the w. side of Chowan river. CoLERAiN, p-t., Belmont co., O., 126 e. Co- lumbus, 272 W. The surface is hilly, and the sod productive. I has 3 sch. 68 scholars. Pop. 1,390. ^ CoLERAiN Forge, p-v., Huntingdon co., Pa., 106 w. Harrisburg, 165 W. Situated on Spruce creek. Coles, county 111., situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 1,248 sq. ms. Organized in 1830. Drained by Kaskaskia and Embarrass rs., and by the heads of the Little Wabash river, which affords mill seats. It is moderately un- dulating, has extensive prairies, and much good land. Capital, Charleston. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,569, sheep 9,745, swine 75,422; wheat 30,519 bush, prod., rye 1403 Ind corn 528,354, oats 61,722, hops 16,533 pounds sugar 10,858; 22 stores, cap. .$80,658; 3 tanne- ries, 4 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 11 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $43,515. 19 gch. 545 scholars. Pop. 9,616. Coles, C H., p-o., Charleston v., capital of Coles CO., 111., 96 e. s. e. Springfield, 688 W Situated 21; miles w. of Embarrass r. It has a court house, and several stores and dwellings Cole's Creek, p-o., Columbia co., Pa., 113 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 224 W. Cole's Mill, p-o., Delaware co., O CoLESviLLE, p-t., Broome co., N. Y., 124 w. s. w. Albany, 306 W. The Susquehanna r. passes through it. The surface is generally hilly, ex- cepting fine alluvial flats along the river. The village has 1 Presbyterian church, 1 store, and about 15 dwellings. Pop. of the t. 2,528. It has 2 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 14 saw m., 20 sch. 901 scholars. Pop. 2,528. College, t., Knox co., O. It has 3 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 232. College Corners, p-v., Butler co., O., 110 Columbus, 507 W. It is in the n. w. comer of the countys on the margin of the state of la. It has 2 stores, and several mechanics, and a small village. College Hill, p-o., Lafayette co.. Miss., 166 N. N. E. Jackson, 919 W. College Point, p-o., flushing t.. Queens CO., N. Y., 159 s. s. w. Albany, 239 W. It is the seat of St. Paul's College, an Episcopal institu- tion, pleasantly situated, commanding a fine view of Long Island sound. CoLLEGEviLLE, p-v.. Saline co.. Ark., 15 s. w. Little Rock, 1,080 W. Colleton, district, S. C, situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 2,100 sq. ms. The surface is entirely level, and the soil is produc- tive. The Combahee r. forms its s. w. boundary, and the Edisto passes through it. The Atlantic washes its s. e. border. Its principal productions are rice and cotton. Capital, Waterboro. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,595, sheep 8,975, swine 35,443; wheat 3,763 bush, prod., Indian com 325,825, oats 29,823, potatoes 178,990, rice 5,483,533 pounds, cotton 420,910; 10 stores, cap. $9,700; 1 flouring m., 12 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,800. 4 acad. 112 students, 21 sch. 642 scholars. Pop. 1830, 27,256 ; 1840, whites 5,874, slaves 19,246, free col'd 428 ; total, 25,478. Colleton, p-o., Fayette co., Tenn., 190 s. w. by w. Nashville, 875 W. Colletsville, p-v., Caldwell co., N. C, 213 w. Raleigh, 419 W. Colliers, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 91 w. Columbia, 569 W. Collierstown, p-o., Rockbridge co., Va., 155 w. by N. Richmond, 195 W. Situated on Collier cr. m the w. part of the county, and has 8 or 10 houses. CoLLiERSviLLE, po., Milford t., Otsego co., N. Y., 73 w. Albany, 355 W. CoLLiERsviLLE, p-0., Shelby co., Tenn. Colliery, p-o., Oglethorpe co., Ga., 77 n. Milledgeville, 601 W. Collie's Mill, p-o., Caldwell co., Ky., 247 w. s. w. Frankfort, 779 W. Collins, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 312 w. Albany, 364 W. The surface is undulating or hilly, and the soil various. Drained by Cattaraugus cr., wliich runs on its s. border, and by branches of that creek. It has 1 furnace ; 9 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 1 fiilling m., 1 woollen factory, 2 tan- neries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,200; 21 sch. 898 scholars. Pop. 4,257. Collins Centre, p-o., Collins t., Erie co., N. Y. Collins Settlement, p-o., Lewis co., Va., 296 w. N. w. Richmond, 264 W. Collins Cross Roads, p-o., Caroline co., Md., 73e. AnnapoUs, 113 W. Collins Cross Roads, p-o., Colleton dist., S. C, 119 s. by E. Columbia, 608 W. CoLLiNsviLLE, p-v.. Canton t., Hartford co., COL 141 COL Ct., 15 w. by N. llartl'ord, 338 W. It is situated oa both sides of Farmington r., and is a flourish- ing munulactui-ing v., employed chiefly on edge tools, particularly axes, of which several hun- dred thousand are produced annually. CoUins's axes are extensively known. The village has 1 church, a lyceum, and about 1,000 inhabitants. CoLLiNSViLLE, p-v.. West Turin t., Lewis co., N. Y., 123 N. w. Albany, 424 W. It contains 1 church, an academy, 3 stores, 20 dwellings, and 130 inhabitants. CoLLiNSViLLE, p-v., Huntingdon co.. Pa., 122 w. by N. Harrisbui-g, 163 W. COLLINSVILLE, p-v., Milford t., Butler co., O., 105 s. w. Columbus, 498 W. COLLINSVILLE, p-v., Madison co., 111., 86 s. by w. Springfield, 792 W. It has 1 Presbyterian church, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and various mechan- ics. COLLINSVILLE, p-0., Lycoming co., Pa. Colon, p-t., St. Joseph co., Mich., 135 w. s. w. Detroit, 583 W. Pop. 420. CoLOssE, p-v., Mexico t., Oswego co., N. Y., 149 w. N. w. Albany, 374 W. It contains 1 church, 2 stores, and 25 dwellings. Colt's Neck, p-v., Shrewsbury t., Monmouth CO., N.J., 40 K. Trenton, 206 W. It contains 2 stores, 3 grist m., 2 saw m., and about 20 dwell- ings, and is a place of considerable business. Columbia, r. (See Oregon Ter.) 1820. 1830. 1840. 13,247 18,827 23,364 8,218 8,263 8,459 7,360 8,441 7,312 COLUMBIA, (DISTRICT OF) The District of Columbia is a tract of country 10 miles square, on both sides of the Potomac river, about 120 miles from its mouth, ceded to the United States by Virginia and Maryland, in 1790, for the purpose of becoming the sea of government. It includes the cities of Washhigton, Alexandria, and Georgetown, and is under the immediate government of Congress. In 1800 the population was 14,093; in 1810,24,023; in 1820, 33,039; in 1830,39,858; in 1840, 43,712, of which 30,657 were whites, 8,361 were free colored persons, and 4,694 were slaves. Employed in agricultm-e 384, in commerce 240, in manufactures and trades 2,278, navigating the ocean 126, do. canals and rivers 80, learned professions and engineers 203. Population of the Principal Towns. 1800. 1810. Wasliington, . . . 3,210 8,208 Alexandria, .... 4,196 7,227 Georgetown, . . . 4,943 The surface of the District is gently undulating, furnishing fine sites for its cities, and particularly Washington and its public buildings ; the soil is naturally sterile, but it possesses a fine, healthy climate. Agriculture is, of course, not an object of primarj^ attention, but the agricultural statistics in 1840, may be of some interest. There were 2,145 horses and mules, 3,274 neat cattle, 706 sheep, 4,673 swine, poultry to the value of $3,092. There were produced 12,147 bushels of wheat, 294 of barley, 15,751 of oats, 5,081 of rye, 272 of buckwheat, 39,485 of Indian com, 707 pounds of wool, 12,035 bu.shels of potatoes, 1,331 tons of hay, 55,550 pounds of tobacco, 651 of silk cocoons. The products of the dairy were valued at $5,566, and of the orchard at $3,507. This district has become the centre of a considerable and active commerce, though it cannot at all compete with Baltimore, in its vicinity. Vessels of the largest class come up to Alexandria, 6 miles below Washington, where the Potomac is a mile wide, and from 30 to 50 feet deep ; and vessels of a large size come up to the U. S. Navy Yard, at the junction of the East Branch with the Potomac, at Washington. A very considerable quantity of flour and other produce comes down the Potomac, and centres chiefly at Alexandria, and some at Georgetown. The chief business of W^ashinglon city has relation to the accommodation of the national legislature, and of the oflicers of the general government. The exports in 1840, were $753,923, and the imports were 119,852. There were 7 commercial and 2 commission houses in for trade, employing a capital of $310,000 ; 285 retail drygoods and other stores, cap. $2,701,890; 48 persons engaged in the lumber trade, with a capital of $140,000; 527 persons were employed in the fisheries, with a capital of $61,500. There were produced home- made or family articles, to the amount of $1,500 ; 1 paper mill produced to the amount of $1,500 ; 9 persons manufactured pottery to the amount of $6,200 ; hats and caps were manufactured to the amount of $47,200, employing 48 persons, and a capital of $22,100 ; 3 rope factories employed 31 persons, and a capital of $24,925 ; 9 tanneries employing 72 persons, and a capital of $80,400 ; 7 other manufactories of leather, as saddleries, &c., manufactured articles to the amount of $110,450, with a capital of $66,750; 11 persons manufactiu-ed confectionery to the amoimt of $7,500, with a capital of $2,800 ; 42 persons manufactured machinery to the amount of $60,300 ; 189 persons pro- duced bricks and lime to the amount of $151,500; 97 persons manufactured carriages and wagons to the amount of $59,535, with a capital of $38,550 ; 4 flouring mills manufactured 25,500 barrels of flour, and with other mills, employed 30 persons, and produced to the amount of $183,370, with a capital of $98,500 ; ships were built to the amount of $20,257 ; 190 persons manufactured furni- ture to the amount of $125,872, employing a capital of $85,000 ; 60 brick and 33 wooden houses built, employed 142 persons, and cost $168,910 ; 12 printing oflices, 10 binderies, 3 daily, 5 weeldy, COL 142 COL 6 semi-weekly newspapers, and 3 periodicals, employed 276 persons, and a capital of $150,700. The whole amount of manufactures was $1,005,775. Georgetown College, a Catholic institution, was foimded in 1799. The Columbian College, under the direction of the Baptists, was founded in 1821. In these institutions there were in 1840, 224 students ; there were in the district 26 academies and grammar schools, with 1,389 students, 29 common and primary schools, with 851 scholars ; and 1,033 wliite persons, over 20 years of age, who could neither read or write. In 1836, the Presbyterians had 14 churches, 9 ministers, and 1,134 communicants ; the Episco- palians had 7 churches ; the Baptists had 5 churches, 4 ministers, and 533 communicants ; the Methodists had .several ministers ; the Roman Catholics 6 ministers ; the Friends 2 meetings ; and the Unitarians 1 minister. At the close of 1840, the debt of the district amounted to $1,500,000. A branch of the Chesapeake and Ohio canal terminates at Wasliington. The Alexandria canal is a continuation of the Chesapeake and Ohio canal, 7i ms. to Alexandria. The district is divided into two counties ; the county of Washington is on the n. side of the Po- tomac, and the county of Alexandria is on the s. side. In the former, the laws of Maryland are continued in force ; in the latter, those of Virginia. Tlie district has never been represented in the Congress of the United States. Congress, however, makes what laws it pleases for both ; it raeeUs annually at Washington, on the first Monday of December, unless otherwise provided by law. The President of the United States, and the other chief officers of the government, reside at Washington. The Supreme Court of the Uuited States sits here annually, on the second Monday in January. At the suggestion of Gen. Washington, this district was fixed on for the seat of government ; and in 1790 was ceded for that purpose to the United States, by Virginia and Maryland. The city of Washington was laid out on a broad scale in 1791, but its magnificent plan remains to a consid- erable extent in a state of nature, only a small portion of it having been built upon. In 1800, the seat of government was removed from Philadelpliia, and fixed permanently in this place. During the late war vdtli Great Britain, the capitol was partially, and most of the other public buildings entirely burned by the British ; but they have been rebuilt, with greater magnificence. Columbia, county, N. Y. Situated in the e. part of the state, bounded w. by Hudson r., and contains 624 sq. ms. Organized in 1786. The surface is uneven and hilly, in its e. part, but less so toward Hudson r. The soil is various, and some of it very rich, and highly cultivated. Iron ore is found, and a lead mine in the town of An- crara. Marble exists also, and oxide of manga- nese, peat, and marl. There are also many min- eral sprmgs. Those of New Lebanon are warm and much frequented. Watered by Kinderhook cr. in the n., Claverack and Copakc crs. in the centre, and Ancram or Roeliff Jansen's cr. on the s., which afford good water power. The Hudson and Berkshire railroad passes through the county. Capital, Hud.son. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 32,699, sheep 123,063, swine 54,911; wheat 28,249 bush, produced, rye 323,299, Indian corn 412,0.32, barley 1,971, "oats 1,107,702, potatoes 560,819 ; 1 commercial house in for. trade, cap. $14,000 ; 228 stores, cap. $679,200 ; 7 lumber yards, cap. $36,000 ; cap. invested in fisheries, $330,000 ; 5 fumaces,2 forges, 28 fulhng m., 19 woollen fac, 11 cotton fac. 18,256 sp., 10 tanneries, 2 distille- ries, 1 brewery, 12 flouring m., 39 grist m., 41 saw m., 4 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 periodicals, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in liian- ufac. $1,457,050. 11 acad. 909 students, 172 sch. 10,074 scholars. Pop. 1830, 38,325 ; 1840, 43,252. Columbia, county, Pa. Situated centrally in the E. part of the state, and contains 700 sq. ms. Ihe E. branch of Susquehanna r. passes through It, and Fishing, Calawissa, Big Roaring and other creeks Ihe surface is broken and uneven, but the soil IS fertile. Capital, Danville. There were m 1840, neat cattle 13,525, sheep 22,181 swine 19,474; wheat 214,426 bushels produced rve 153,246, Ind. corn 205,400, buckwheat 50 584 oats 223,373, potatoes 163,480, silk cocoons' 160 pounds; 55 stores, cap. $335,100; 2 furnaces 7 fulling m., 3 woollen lac, 23 tanneries, 12 distil- leries, 2 potteries 8 flouring m., 40 grist m. 74 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Capital in manufactures, $266,487. 5 acad. 146 students, 87 sch. 2,902 scholars. Pop. 1830, 20,049 ; 1840,24,267. Columbia, county, Ga. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Savannah r. bovmds it on the n. e. The surface is undula- ting, and the soil is fertile. Capital, Applington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,533, sheep 6,343, swine 24,395 ; wheat 20,258 bush, produced, rye 874, Ind. com 403,796, oats 31,144, potatoes 1(5,511, cotton 3,738,537 pounds ; value of gold pro- duced $4,000 ; 22 stores, cap. $59,900 ; 2 tanne- ries, 6 flouring m., 27 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $65,0^90. 6 acad. 240 students, 7 sen. 165 scholars. Pop. 1830, 12,606; 1840, whites 3,920, slaves 7,313, free col'd 123; total, 11,356. Columbia, county, Hor. Situated in the n. part of the state, and is bounded w. by Suwanne r. and N. by the state of (Ta., and contains 4,320 sq. ms. The soil is generally barren, covered with pines. There is some good land in the n. e. part. St. Mary's river rises and flows in its n. e. part. Randolph lake, toward its n. part, is 7 ms. long and 5 wide, and discharges its waters into St. Mary's r. Gadsden's spring, on the bank of Lit- tle Suwanne r., is 60 feet across, and 35 or 40 deep, and is celebrated for its medicinal proper- ties. Capital, Lancaster. There were m 1840, neat cattle 12,707, sheep 81, swine 7,199 ; Ind. corn 35,975 bush, prod., potatoes 9,880, cotton 26,692 pounds, sugar 2,000; 3 sch. 61 scholars. Pop wiiites 1,649, slaves 450, free col'd 3 ; total, 2,102. Columbia, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 15 w. Machias, 120 E. by n. Augusta. It has good mill seats, and considerable trade in lumber. It con- tains 5 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanne- ries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. 5 sch. 380 scholars. Pop. 843. CoLU-MBiA, p-t., Coos CO., N. H., 126 N. Concord, 587 W. It has Coimecticut r. on its w. border, and several small mill streams which flow into it. COL 143 COL The surface is uneven and mountainous. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,800; 9 sch. 189 scholars. Pop. 620. Columbia, p-t., Tolland co., Ct., 24 e. by s. Hartford, 355 W. The surface is uneven, and the soil gravelly, vscll adapted to grazing. Drain- ed by a branch of VVillimantic r., which afl'ords water power. Organized in 1800, previous to which, it belonged to Lebanon. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,220 ; 1 fulling m., 1 cotton fac. 288 sp., 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,300. 7 sch. 283 sholars. Pop. 842. Columbia, p-t., Herkimer co., N. V., 75 w. by N. Albany, 379 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, calcareous and sandy loam. Drained by branch- es of Unadilla and Susquehanna rivers, and by other streams which flow n. into the Mohawk. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,650 ; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- len fac, 4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,745. 13 sch. 420 scholars. Pop. 2,129. Columbia, p-b., West Hempfield t., Lancaster CO., Pa., 30 s. E. Harrisburg, 102 W. Situated on the E. bank of tiie Susquehanna r., over which there is here a bridge 5,690 feet long, resting on stone piers. Incorporated in 1814. The Sus- quehanna canal connects it with Havre De Grace, at the mouth of the Susquehanna ; and the Co- lumbia and Philadelphia railroad passes tlirough the place. It has a town hall, a market-house, 8 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Luther- an, 1 Methodist, 1 Friends, 1 Roman Catholic, and 2 African — a bank, a Ubrary, an academy, and a weekly newspaper. The place is supplied with water in pipes, from some springs in the vi- cinity. Its trade with Philadelphia and Baltimore, in lumber, coal, iron, and produce, is considerable. Pop. 2,719. Columbia, p-v., Warren co., N. J., 71 n. by w. Trenton, 219 W. Columbia, t., Bradford co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $4.700 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,210. 13 sch. 325 scholars. Pop. 1,421. Columbia, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 74 w. De- troit, 534 W. It has 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,000. Pop. 952. Columbia, p-v., Fluvanna co., Va., 50 w. n. w. Richmond, 124 W. Situated on the n. bank of James r., at the mouth of the Rivanna r. It has 1 church, several stores, various mechanics, and about 200 inhabitants, one half of whom are col'd persons. Columbia, p-v., capital of Tyrrell co., N. C, 200 E. Raleigh, 324 W. It is situated on the e. side of Scoupernony cr., a little e. of its entrance into Albemarle sound. It contains a court house and several stores and dwellings. Columbia, p-v., capital of Richland dist., S. C, and of the state, is situated in 33° 57' n. lat., and 81° 7' w. Ion., and 4° w. Ion. from W., 35 s. w. Camden, 73 n. e. Augusta, 120 n. n. w. Charleston, 506 W. It is situated on the e. side of Congaree r., immediately below the junction of broad and Saluda rs. to form the Congaree. The land rises gradually from the r., where is a plain of 2 or 3 miles in extent, from which the ground slopes gradually on every side. On this plain the town is situated, and the situation is com- manding, having an extensive prospect. It was founded in 1787, and is regularly laid out, with streets crossing each other at right angles, and 100 feet wide. It has a state house, 170 feet by 60, 2 stories high, situated in the central part of the town, a court house, jail, market house, 2 banks, 3 academies, 6 churches, 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Ro- man Catbolic, 1 Unitarian. 'I'he village is sup- plied with pure water from springs, raised by steam power, and distributed in iron pipes. The houses, mostly of wood, but a considera- ble number of brick, are built witli elegance and taste. Large bo,its navigate the river at high floods. It is connected by a railroad with Charles- ton. Columbia is the seat of the South Caro Una College, a respectable institution, founded in 1804, which has a president and 8 profess- ors or other instructors, 168 students, and 13,000 vols, in its libraries. The commencement is on the first Monday in December. The buildings of the institution are 7 in number, of brick, and regiilar- ly arranged, presenting an imposing aspect. Be- sides rooms for the students, and other college purposes, they include houses for the president and a number of professors. The buildings con- taining rooms for students are 2, each 210 feet long, 25 feet wide, and 3 stories high, standing opposite to each other, with the president's house at the head of the open space between them. Their narrowiiess allows of a very complete ven- tilation. On the top of another building, which contains the library and philosophical apparatus, is an observatory. This institution receives $15,000 annually from the state, besides $20(),(X)0 which has been expended upon it. Pop. 3,500. Columbia, p-v., Henry co., Ala., 239 s. w. Tuscaloosa, 847 W. Columbia, p-v., capital of Marion co.. Miss., 113 s. s. E. Jackson, 1,063 W. Situated on the e. bank of Pearl r. It contains a covirt house and a few dwellings. Columbia, p-v., capital of Chicot co.. Ark., 142 s. E. Little Rock, 1,152 W. Situated on the w. side of the 3Iississippi r. It has a court house and a few dwellings. Columbia, p-v., capital of Maury co., Tenn., 42 s. s. w. Nashville, 719 W. Situated on the s. bank of Duck river. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churches, several stores, and 1,200 inhabitants. It is the seat of Jackson College, which was founded in 1830. It has at present 5 professors, or other instructors, 100 students, and one thousand two hundred and fifty volumes in its libraries. Columbia, v., capital of Whitley co., la., situ- ated on the N. w. side of Blue r. Columbia, p-v., capital of Adair co., Ky., 98 s. by w. Frankfort, 612 W. Situated on Russell's cr., a branch of Green r., and contains a court- house, jail. 2 churches, 1 college, 61 students, 1 sch. 12 scholars. Pop. 486. Columbia, p-v., Fayette co., la., 55 e. Indian- apolis, 529 W. Columbia, p-v., Monroe co., 111., 107 w. by s. Springfield, 820 W. Columbia, p-t., capital of Boone co.. Mo., 36 N. Jefferson city, 941 W. Situated on Roche Pierre r., a branch of the Mis.souri r. Pop. 3,365. Columbia, p-v., capital of Caldwell par.. La., 273 N. w. New Orleans, 1,187 W. Situated on the w. side of Washita r. It has a court house, I or 2 stores, and a few dwellings. Columbia, t., Hamilton co., O., 6 e. Cincin- nati. It was the second place settled in Ohio. Founded in 1789. It has Little Miami r. on the s. e., and Ohio r. on the s. w. The soil is fertile. It has 7 sch. 256 scholars. Pop. 3,043. Columbia, t., Lorain co., O., situated in the extreme e. part of the co., lying on both sides of Rocky r., 12 s. e. Elyria, 20 s. w. Cleveland. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 1 grist ra., 6 saw m., 4 sch. 114 scholars. Pop. 876. Columbia, t., Gibson co., O. It has 2 schools, 40 scholars. Pop. 852. COL 144 COL Columbia, t., Meigs co., O., in the n. w. cor- ner of the county. Drained by the head waters of Leading creek, which flows into the Ohio. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $1,600; 7 sch. 161 scholars. Pop. 672. Columbia, t., Randolph co., Ark. It has 2 schools, 40 scholars. Pop. 6S0. Columbia Furnace, p-v., Shenandoah co., Va., 157 N. w. Richmond, 111 W. Columbia Lake, p-o., Bridgewater t., Wash- tenaw county, Michigan, 50 w. by s. Detroit, 526 W. Columbia Cross Roads, p-o., Bradford co.. Pa., 153 N. by e. Harrisburg, 260 W. Columbia, b., West Hempfield t., Lancaster CO., Pa. Pop. 2,716. Columbia, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 110 e. n. K. Columbus, 641 W. Columbia, river of the United States, flows into the Pacific ocean. (See Oregon Ter.) Columbiana, county, O., situated in the e. part of the state, bounded on the s. E. by the Ohio r., and contains 750 sq. ms. In the s. part it is broken and hilly, with a light soil. The northern and middle parts are more level, and are extremely productive. Common and water limestone are found in all parts; salt water is found in the s. part, and marl in the n., and iron ore in the middle. The climate is healthy, and the water pure. Watered by Little Beaver r. and its branches. The line of the Sandy and Beaver canal extends through the centre of the county. Capital, New Lisbon. There were in 1840, neat cattle 24,810, sheep 88,747, swine 26,650 ; wheat 445,8.S4 bushels produced, rye 30,737, Ind. corn 336,857, buckwheat 32,058, barley 3,984, oats 463,430, potatoes 132,611, sugar 25,211 pounds; bituminous coal 163,000 bushels, salt 5,400; 5 commission houses in for. trade, cap. $.30,000; 114 stores, cap. §406,150; 1 lumber yard, cap. $1,000 ; 3 furnaces, 10 fulling m., 8 woollen fac, 29 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 2 breweries, 5 pot- teries, 45 flouring m., 28 grist m., 72 saw m., 2 oil m., 1 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $346,737. lacad. 140 students, 114 sch. 2,421 scholars. Pop. 1830, 35,508 ; 1840, 40,378. Columbiana, p-v., capital of Shelby county, Ala., 73 E. Tuscaloosa, 781 W. Situated 7 ms. w. of Coosa r. It has a court house and a few dwellings. Columbian Grove, p-o., Lunenburg co., Va., 101 Richmond, 218 W. Columbian Inn, p-o., Stokes co., N. C, 117 Raleigh, 328 W. Columbiana, in Fairfield t., Columbiana co., O. It has 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 273. Columbiaville, p-o., Martin co., la., 110 s s w. Indianapolis, 641 W. Columbiaville, v., Stockport t., Columbia CO., N. \ ., situated half a mile e. of Hudson r., at tne junction of Claverack and Kinderhook creeks. Incorporated in 1812. It contains 2 stores, 2 cot- i°" .^=\c-,with 500 sp., 60 dwellings, and about 6(X) mhabitants. Columbus, co., N. C, situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 525 sq. ms. The surface is level, and some of it marshy. Capital, Whites- ""t ^l}^'^ ^''^'^ >" l^^O' neat cattle 8,554, sheep 5,600 swine 17,406 ; wheat 1,366 bushels produced, Ind. com 79,155, potatoes 49,282, rice ^,627 pounds, cotton 24,035; 5 stores can $10,000; 31 tanneries, 14 grist m., 3 saw m' Cap. in manufac. $12,496. 1 sch. 15 scholars' Pop 1830, 4,141; 1840, whites 2,799, skves 1,086, free col'd 56; total, 3,941. Columbus, p-t., Chenango co., N. ¥. 98 w. Albany, 353 W. The surface is hilly and some broken, and the soil clay and sandy loam. Wa- tered by Unadilla r. and its tributaries. The v. has 1 church, 2 stores, 1 tannery, and 20 dwell- ings. There are in the t., 2 stores, cap. $24,500; 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,031. 15 sch. 497 scholars. Pop. 1,561. Columbus, p-v., Mansfield t., Burlington co., N. J , 12 s. by e. Trenton, 163 W. It has 1 store and about 30 dwellings, surrounded by a fertile country. Columbus, .po., Warren co., Pa. Columbus, city, and capital of Franklin co., O., and of the state, 139 s. w. Cleveland, 110 n. e. Cincinnati, 175 s. Detroit, Mich., 184 s. w. Pitts- burg, Pa., 393 W. It is in 39° 47' n. lat., and 83° 3' w. Ion., and 6° w. Ion. from W. It is situated on the E. bank of Scioto r., immediately below the con- fluence of Wlietstone r. When this place was fixed on as the seat of the legislature, in 1812, it was an entire wilderness. The land rises gradu- ally from the river, and the streets cross each other at right angles. Broad-street extends from the bridge along the national road, a little s. of e. on the N. side of the public square of 10 acres, to the E. limit of the city, and is 120 feet wide. High- street, 100 feet wide, crosses Broad-street at the N. w. corner of the public square, at right angles, and passes through the city in that direction. This is the principal business street of the city, and is gravelled, and the side-walks are paved. All the other streets are 88 feet wide, and the al- leys 33 feet wide. A convenient wharf, 1,300 feet long, has been erected along the margui of the r. The public buildings are, a state house on the s. w. corner of the public square, a brick edi- fice, 75 by 50 feet, of two lofty stories, with a steeple 106 feet high. From the balcony, a beautiful view of the city, and of the surround- ing country, is presented. Immediately n. of the state house is a building for the public of- ficers of the state, 150 by 25 feet. Still further N., in a line with the others, is the federal court house. There are 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Ger- man Lutheran. Several of these churches are elegant buildings. The state penitentiary is a spacious and elegant edifice, on the bank of the Scioto, half a mile n. of the centre of the city. The asylum for the deaf and dumb is a brick edi- fice, 50 by 80 feet, 3 stories high, half a mile e. of the state house, with handsome Doric porti- coes. There is a lunatic asylum, an institution for the blind, a Gennan Lutheran theological seminary, a fine banking house of stone, with a Doric portico of stone. The private houses are neat and substantial, and some of them elegant. The national road passes through the place, and a canal of 1 1 miles in length connects it with the Ohio canal. A bridge across the Scioto connects the place with Franklinton. There were in 1840, in Columbus, and Montgomery t., in which it is situated, 3 commission and 4 commercial houses in foreign trade, cap. $63,000 ; 58 retail stores, cap. $319,750 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $12,000 ; 5 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 3 breweries, 1 pottery, 4 printing offices, 3 binderies, 1 daily, 3 weekly, 1 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac $257,850. Pop. 6,048. Columbus, p-t., St. Clair co., Mich., 37 n. e. Detroit, 561 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,200 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $2,800. 2 sch. 43 scholars. Pop. 155. Columbus, city, p-v., capital of Muscogee co., Ga., 124 w. s. w. Milledgeville, 757 W. Situ- ated on the E. bank of Chattahoochee r., at the head of steamboat navigation, immediately below COM 145 CON the falls on the r., which descends 111 feet in the distance of 4 miles above. It is 300 miles above its junction with Flint r., and 430 above the Ap- palachicola bay. The river, just below the falls, is only 354 feet wide, but soon widens to 250 yards. The town is elevated 60 feet above the ordinary height of the r., and covers 1,200 acres. Two streets running parallel with the r., exactly N. and s., are 165 feet wide ; six others are 132 ft. wide. These are intersected by 12 other streets, at right angles, which are 99 feet vdde. It con- tains a splendid court house, a jail, a market house, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — 100 stores, about 700 dwellings. ITiere is a flour- ing mill in the immediate vicinity, and various mills and manufactories on the r. above. From 13 to 15 steamboats navigate the r., and steam- boats ply to New Orleans. A steamboat requir- ing 5 feet of water can come to the place at any season. A bridge here crosses the Chattahoochee r., which cost i5;30,000. It was laid out in 1828, and its growth has been rapid, and it is still in- creasing. Pop. 1842, about 4,000. There were in 1840, 6 for. commission houses, cap. $80,000 ; 106 ret. stores, cap. $473,000 ; 3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers, and 1 periodical. Cap. in manufac. $39,8(K). 1 acad. 20 students, 5 schools, 124 scholars. Pop. 3,114. Columbus, city and capital of Lowndes co.. Miss., 141 N. E. Jackson, 885 W. SiUiated on the E. bank of the Tombigbee, 120 feet above the r., and at the head of steamboat navigation. It contains a courthouse, jail, 2 banks, an acade- my, a female seminary, a theatre, a U. S. land office, a market-house, 5 churches— 1 Presbyte- rian, 1 Cumberland do., 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 2 warehouses, 2 printing offi- ces, 2 weekly newspapers, and a bridge across the Tombigbee, which cost $50,000. Pop. 4,000. Columbus, p-V., Hempstead co., Ark., 119 s. w. Little Rock, 1,184 W. Columbus, p-v., Polk co., Tenn., 170 e s. e. Nashville, 570 W. Situated on n. side of Hia- wassee r. Columbus, p-v., capital of Ballard co., Ky., 110 s. w. by w. Frankfort, 837 W. Situated on the E. bank of the Mississippi r., 25 miles below the mouth of the Ohio r. Columbus, p-v., Adams co., HI., 101 w. Spring- field, 878 W. Columbus, p-v., capital of Bartholomew co., la., 41 s. s. E. Indianapolis, 579 W. Situated on the E. side of the East Fork of White r. It con- tains a court house, 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 Christian, and 1 Roman Catholic — an academy, 7 stores, and abo\it 600 inhabitants. There are in the t., 5 sch. 347 scholars. Pop. 2,438. Columbus, t., Warren co.. Pa. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $33,127. 9 sch. 261 scholars. Pop. 1,169. CoLvixs, p-o., Wachitta par., La., 358 n. n. w. New Orleans, 1,228 W. CoLviiv's Tavern, p-o., Culpepper co., Va., 100 N. N. w. Richmond, 86 W. Co.m.\n's Well, p-o., Sussex co., Va., 48 s. s. E. Richmond, 167 W. It was some time since a watering place, but has gone to decay. It has a store and several dwellings. Comfort, p-o., Jones co., N. C, 119 s. e. Ra- leigh, 349 W. Com.\c, p-v., Smithto\vn t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 187 s. by E. Albany, 267 W. It contains 2 church- es, a store, and about 20 dwellings. Commerce, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 35 n. w. Detroit, 559 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,375 ; 1 19 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 6 sch. 158 scho- lars. Pop. 939. Co.MMERCE, p-v., Wilson CO., Tenn., 48 e. n. E. Nashville, 649 W. Commerce, p-v.. Tunica county. Miss., 211 n. Jackson, 950 W. Situated on the e. bank of the Mississippi r. Its progress has been very rapid. It has a number of stores and dwellings. A rail- road connects it with Hernando. Corimerce, p-v., Scott CO., Mo., 230 s. e. Jef- ferson city, 863 W. Situated on the w. bank of the Mississippi r. It has several stores and dwel- lings. Commettsburg, p-o., Washington co., Pa. Commons, p-o., Newport co., R. I., 34 s. Provi- dence, 430 W. CoMO, p-o., Whitesides co., 111., 180 n. Spring- field, 843 W. CoMSTocK, p-v., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 137 w. Detroit, 601 W. Situated on the n. bank of Kal- amazoo r. It has 1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 store. The t. has 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 7 sch. 216 schol- ars. Pop. 624. Comstock's Landing, p-o.. Fort Ann town, Washmgton co., N. Y., 66 n. Albany, 436 W. Co.NcoRn, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 54 n. Au- gusta, 648 W. It lies on the w. side of Kenne- bec r. Incorporated in 1821. The soil is fertile. It has 2 saw m., 9 sch. 234 scholars. Pop. 577. Concord, p-t., capital of Merrimac co., and of the state of N. H., lies on both sides of the Mer- rimac r., in 43° 12' 29" n. lat., 71° 29' w. Ion., 65 N. N. w. Boston, Mass., 146 s. av. Augusta, Me., 97 s. K. Montpelier, Vt., 153 n. e. Albany, N. Y., 481 W. There are here 2 bridges across the Merrimac. The v., containing 200 houses, is on the w. side of the river, and extends nearly 2 ms. between the bridges. There are also 2 other small villages in the town. Through Concord r., which is made navigable for boats, by dams, locks, and canals, and the Middlesex canal, and a rail- road recently finished, a communication is form- ed with Boston, where its extensive trade centres. There are 5 churches, and a court house, jail, &c. The state house is an elegant structure of hewn granite, 126 by 49 feet, with a projection in the centre of 4 feet on each front ; it cost §80,000. The state prison is a solid structure of granite, 70 by 36 feet, surrounded by a high stone wall. The falls in the Merrimac, and the locks at this place, create a vast water power. There were in 1840, 36 stores, cap. $149,900 ; hardware and cutlery produced, $10,810; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- len fac, cap. $12,000 ; 3 tanneries, cap. $5,000 ; 2 potteries, 4 grist m., 13 saw m., 1 paper fac; 10 prmting oflSces, 5 binderies, 6 weekly newspapers, 1 periodical, cap. $48,950. Capital in manufac. $197,000. 1 acad. 180 students, 28 sch. 1,180 scholars. Pop. 4,897. Concord, p-t., Essex co., Vt., 47 N. e. Montpe- lier, 556 W. It lies on the w. bank of Connecti- cut r. A branch of Pasunisic r. waters it in the N. w., and 2 beautiful ponds discharge their wa- ters into Connecticut r. It is a good grazing t. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,500; 1 fulling nL, 8 saw m., 1 oil ra. Cap. in manufac. $900. Popula- tion 1,024. Concord, p-t., semi-capital of Middlesex co., Mass., 17 n. w. Boston, 445 W. Concord r. passes through it. The soil is various, but gene- rally fertile. The v. contains a courthouse, jail, a bank, 2 Congregational churches, and about 80 dwellings. Here on the 19th of April, 1775, was made the first forcible resistance to British aggression. A handsome marble monument has lately been erected, to mark the spot where the first enemy fell in the war of the revolution. CON 146 CON It has 5 stores, cap. $19,000 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. ill manufac. $1,550. 1 acad. 85 students, 10 sell. 325 scholars. Pop. 1,784. Concord, t., Erie co., N. Y., 25 s. Buffalo, 282 w. Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay loam. Watered by Cattaraugus or. It has 10 stores, cap. $13,300 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 fur- nace, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m. 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,300. 21 sch. 1,104 scholars. Pop. 3,021. Concord, p-v., Sussex co., Del., 46 s. Dover, 123 W. Situated on the head of Broad cr., a branch of Nanticoke r. Concord, p-v., Franklin co.. Pa., 72 w. Har- risburg, 122 W. Situated at the head of Tusca- rora cr. Concord, t., Erie co.. Pa. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam, adapted to gi-azing. Drained by tributaries of P'rench and Broken Straw crs. It has 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,250. 6 sch. 225 scholars. Pop. 652. Concord, t., Delaware co., Pa., 20 w. Phila- delphia. Watered by Pamter's cr., a branch of Chester cr., which affords water power. It con- tains 1 Episcopal and 1 Friends' church. It has 1 store, cap. $800 ; 1 saw ra. Cap. in manulac. $23,500. 3 sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 1,057. Concord, p-t.. Lake co., O., 177 n. e. Colum- bus, 345 W. It has 3 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 7 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $800. 12 sch. 500 scliolars. Pop. 1,136. Concord, p-v., Campbell co., Va., 102 w. by s. Richmond, 188 W. Concord, p-v., capital, Cabarrus co., N. C, 139 w. s. w. Raleigh, 376 W. Situated on vv. side of Big Coldwater cr., a branch of Rocky r. It has 3 churches — 1 Lutheran, 1 Methodist, and 1 Presbyterian — 1 academy, a court house, 5 stores, 1 cotton fac, cap. $35,000 ; 50 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. Concord, p-v., Tippecanoe co,, la., 63 n. w. Indianapolis, 621 W. Concord, p-v.. Baker county, Ga., 154 a. s. w. Milledgeville, 811 W. Concord, p-v., Lewis co., Ky., 104 e. n. e. Frankfort, 483 W. Situated on s. bank of the Ohio r. Concord, p-t, Jackson co., Mich., 84 w. by s. Detroit, 556 W. The v. is situated on Kalama- zoo r., and has 2 stores and a large flouring mill. The situation is pleasant, the water power exten- sive, and the country around is fertile and llour- ishmg. It has 1 store, cap. $10,000; 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, $23,250. 1 sch. 43 scholars. Pop. 814. Concord, p-v., White co., Ill, 191 s. e. Spring- field, 759 W. ^ ^ Concord, p-v., Lincoln co., Tenn., 78 s. Nash- ville, 713 W. Concord, p-v., Callaway co.. Mo., 35 n. e. Jefferson city, 920 W. Concord, t., Washington co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 29 scholars. Pop. 597. Concord, t.. Green co.. Ark. Pop 256 Concord, t. Ross co., O. Paint cr. crosses the middle of the t. Pop. 2,549 Concord t.. Champaign co.,'o. It has 2 saw m., 3 sch. 65 scholars. Pop. 935. Concord, t., Delaware co., O. Pop 1 185 Concord, t.. La Fayette co., O. It has2 stores cap. $2,2(X) ; 7 sch. 140 scholars. Pop 1 014 ' ' Concord, t Highland co., O. It haU sch. 161 scholars. Pop. 1,014. Concord, t., Miami co., O. Tlie Miami canal passes through it from s. to n., and the Miami r. forms its E. boundary. It has 18 store.s, capital $107,000 ; 2 tanneries, 3 breweries, 3 pruithig of- fices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 periodi- cal, 3 flouring ra., 3 grist m., 3 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $38,350. 6 sch. 367 scholars. Pop. 1,034. Concord Academy, p-o., Caroline co., Va^ 56 N. Richmond, 75 W. Concord Centre, p-o., Concord t., Erie co^ N. Y., 393 w. Albany, 359 W. Concordia, lake. La. At seasons of liigh flood the water from the Mississippi flows into it, through a small bayou, and passes off into Bayou Tensas. It was evidently, in former tiraes, the bed of the Mississippi river. Concordia, p-v., Fayette co., Tenn., 199 s. w. by w. Nashville, 888 W. It contams about 75 inhabitants. Concordia, p-o., Harrison t., Dark co., O., 105 w. by N. Columbus, 501 W. Concordia, parish. La. Situated in the e. part of the state, and lies between the Mississippi r. E., Tensas r. w., and Red r. s. It is long and narrow, and contains 1,300 sq. ms. The surface is level, and much of it liable to submersion, except narrow strips which border the streams. The soil is exceedingly fertile, covered, in its natural state, with a heavy growth of timber. The chief arti- cle of production is cotton. Capital, Vidalia. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,683, sheep 1,534, swine 11,613 ; Ind. corn 301,781 bush, prod., oats 4,032, potatoes 21,486, cotton 19,190,600 pounds ; 1 store, cap. $1,500 ; 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,000. 3 sch. 49 scholars. Pop. 1830, 4,662 ; 1840, whites 1,380, slaves 8,003, free col'd 31 ; total, 9,414. Concordville, p-v., Delaware co., Pa., 83 e. s. E. Harrisburg, 117 W. CoNESciiEAGUE, cr., rises m Pennsylvania, by 2 branches wliich unite 3 ms. n. of Maryland line, and it passes through Maryland, and falls into the Potomac at Williamsport. Conecuh, river, rises in Alabama, and runs through Florida, into Pensacola bay. Two ms. below the Florida line, it receives the Escambia, the name of which it afterward assumes, though of inferior size. It is navigable for upwards of KX) ms., but the country is poor. Conecuh, county, Ala. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 1,531 sq. ms. Watered by Conecuh river and its branches. The soil is moderately good, and the chief production, cotton. Capital, Sparta. There were in 1840, neat cattle 22,269, sheep 2,737, swine 27,271 ; wheat 1,847 bush, produced, Ind. com 237,025, oats 6,132, po- tatoes 30,050, rice 2,845 pounds, cotton 700,019; 9 stores, cap. $23,000 ; 20 grist ra., 19 saw mills. Cap. in manufac. $35,550. 2 acad. 146 students, 9 schools, 151 scholars. Pop. 1830, 7,444 ; 1840, whites 4,376, slaves 3,817, free col'd 4 ; total, 8,197. CoNEDOGWiNiT, crcek. Pa., after a course of 80 ms., falls uito the Susquehanna, 2 ms. above Harrisburg. CoNEMAUGH, T., Pa., riscs in the Alleghany mts., and runs w. N. w. into the Alleghany r., 29 N. N. E. Pittsburg. In the lower part of its course, it takes the name of Kiskeminetas. It has salt works on both its banks, 15 n. e. Greensburg. The Pennsylvania canal passes along its border, from Johnstown until it enters into the Alleghany. Its length is about 150 ms. CoNEMAUGH, t., Cambria co.. Pa., 15 s. w. Eb- ensburg. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay and calcareous loam. Little C'onemaugh r. and Stone cr. unite in the w. part of thet., at Johnstown, to form Conemaugh r. It has 2 lumber yards, cap. $1,000 ; 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $930. 9 sch 439 scholars. Pop. 1,288. CON 147 CON CoNEMAUGH, t., Indiana co., Pa. The surface is hilly ; soil, a fertile loam. Drained by Black- legs cr. Salt is found on the banks of the Cone- maugh r., which runs on its s. and s. w. border. It has 6 stores, cap. $4,250 ; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- len fac, 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,320. 5 sch. 337 scholars. Pop. 1,441. CoNEWAGO, t., York co.. Pa. It has 4 stores, cap. $2,900 ; 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,100. Pop. 1,068. CoNEWAGO Creek, r., rises in Adams co.. Pa., and falls into the Susquehanna, opposite to Bain- bridge, after a course of 40 ms. CoNEvvAGO, t., Adams co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,700 ; 2 distilleries, 1 pottery, 4 Houring m., 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,150. 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 899. CoNEWAGO Creek, Pa., runs w. s. w., and af- ter a course of 15 ms., enters the Susquehanna r. 5 ms. below Middletown. CoNEWANGO Creek, N. Y., rises in Chau- tauque and Cattaraugus counties, receives the outlet of Chautauque lake, and flows s. into the Alleghany r. It furnishes, in high water, a good descending navigation for boats and rafts. CoNEWANGO, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 316 w. by s. Albany, 338 W. The surface is eleva- ted and rolling ; soil, fertile. Drained by Cone- wango and Little Conewango creeks. It has 2 stores, cap. $900 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap in manufac. $2,800. 9 schools, 414 scholars. Pop. 1,317. Conewango, t., Warren co., Pa. Alleghany r. runs on its s. border. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile, particularly on the r. Watered by Conewago cr., at the mouth of which, in this t., is Warren b., the capital of the co. It has 1 ful- ling m., 1 tannery, 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1U,500. 9 sch. 311 scholars. Pop. 858. CoNEWiNGo, p-v., Cecil CO., Md., 73 N. E. An- napolis, 83 W. Situated on a creek of the same name, near its entrance into the Susquehanna. CoNEQUENESSiNG, t., Butler CO., Pa., 10 w. But- ler. The surface is rolling ; soil, loam, clay, and gravel. Watered by Conequenessing, Break Neck, and Yellow crs. It contains 7 churches. Set- tled chiefly by Germans and Irish, and their de- scendants. It has 10 stores, cap. $26,900 ; 2 ful- ling m., 5 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 pottery, 9 grist m., 11 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $67,145. 13 sch. 600 scholars. Pop. 2,698. CoNEauE.NEssiNG, cr.. Pa., enters the Mahon- ing r. 12 ms. from its mouth. CoNESTOGA r., Lancaster co.. Pa., runs s. w. into the Susquehanna, 10 ms. below Columbia. CoNESTOGA, t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 5 s. Lan- caster. It has 7 stores, cap. $21,700 ; 2 forges, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 flouring m., 4 grist ra., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,000. 8 sch. 280 scholars. Pop. 2,886. CoNESus, t., Livingston county, N. Y., 10 s. e. Geneseo, 221 w. by s. Albany. The surface is hilly; soil, but moderately fertile. It lies be- tween Conesus and Hemlock lakes. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 fuUing m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 10 sch. 337 scholars. Pop. 1,654. CoNESviLLE, t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 20 s. Schoharie, 42 s. w. Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, sandy loam. Watered by Manor Kill, a branch of Schoharie creek. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,500. 12 sch. 507 scholars. Pop. 1,621. CoNGAREE, r., S. C, is formed by the union of Broad and Saluda rivers at Columbia, and after a course of 30 ms., unites with the Wateree, to form Santee r. CoNGRES.s, t., Richland co., O. Drained by the head streams of the e. branch of Whetstone r. Pop. 1,248. Congress, p-t., Wayne co., O., 105 n. e. Co- lumbus, 356 W. It lies on Killbuck cr. Pop. 2,006. Conhocton, t., Steuben co., N. Y., 18 n. w. Bath, 225 w. by s. Albany. The surface is hilly ; tlie soil, a moist clay loam. Drained by Conhoc- ton cr. It has 4 stores, cap. $16,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, $8,775. Pop. 2,965. Conhocton, r., N. Y., rises in Steuben co., and unites with Tioga r., near Painted Post, to form Chemung r. It affords fine mill seats, and is navigable from Bath in high water, for rafts and arks. It is 55 ms. long. CoNKLiN, p-t, Broome co., N. Y., 5 s. e. Bing- hamton, 145 w. s. w. Albany, 304 W. The sur- face is uneven, with a deep valley, through which the Susquehanna r. flows. It has 1 store, capital $2,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $195. 13 schools, 124 scholars. Pop. 1,475. CoNNEAUT, t., Crawford co., Pa., 12 w. Mead- vUle. The surface is rolling ; soil, gravelly. Conneaut lake lies near it. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Capital in manufac. $15,900. Pop. 1,534. Conneaut, t., Erie co.. Pa., 15 s. Erie. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel and loam. Con- neaut lake lies a little s. e. of the centre, through which Conneaut cr. flows. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 lulling m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 14 sch. 524 scholars. Pop. 1,796. Conneaut, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 220 n. e. Columbus, 341 W. It lies in the n. e. comer of the state. It has a forge, 6 flouring m., and 8 saw m. The v. is situated at the entrance of Conneaut cr. into Lake Erie, on which it has a harbor. It has 3 churches, 24 stores, and exten- sive exports of lumber, grain, pork, beef, flour, butter, cheese, &c. Considerable shipping is ov\Tied at this place. It has 1 acad., 13 sch. 805 scholars. Pop. 2,642. CoNNEAUTViLLE, p-v., Beavert., Crawford co.. Pa., 251 N. w. by vv. Ilanisburg, 324 W. It con- tains 1 store, a mill, and several dwellhigs. Connecticut, r., the largest in New England, has its source in the highlands on the n. border of New Hampshire, and its w. branch forms the boundary, by treaty, between the U. States and Canada, to the 43° of n. lat. Its general course is s. by w., and dividing New Hampshire and Vermont, it passes through the western part of Massachusetts, and the central part of Con- necticut; and below Middletown, proceeding in a s. s. E. direction, it enters Long Island Sound, be- tween Saybrook and Lyme. Its whole length is about 410 miles ; and it flows through a fine country, and passes many flourishing towns. On its borders in New Hampshire, are Haverhill, Hanover, Charlestown, and Walpole ; in Ver- mont, Newbury, Windsor, and Brattleboro' ; in Massachusetts, Greenfield, Hadley, Northamp- ton, and Springfield ; and in Connecticut, Hart- ford, Middletown, and Haddam. It is navigable for vessels drawing 10 feet of water to Middle- town, and for vessels drawing 8 feet of water to Hartford, the head of sloop navigation. Above this, it is navigable for boats carrying 10 or 12 tons in descending, and two thirds as much in as- cending, passing a number of falls and rapids in canals around them, and towed by small steam CON 148 CON towboats, to the mouth of Wells r. in Newbury, Vt., a distance of 250 ms. above Hartford. Im- mediately above this, are the Fifteen IMile Falls. The whole descent of the river between Han- over, N. H., and Enfield, Ct., is 371 feet, of which 218 have been overcome Ijy locks ; at South Hadley 50 feet. Nutter's Falls 71, Bellows' Falls 48i, Water Quechee 12i, and White r. 36 feet. At Enfield is also a fall of 5 or 6 feet, around which is a canal 5^ ms. in length. The principal tributaries of the Connecticut are, in New Hamp- shire, the Upper and Lower Ammonoosuc, Sugar, and Ashuelot rs. ; in Vermont, Pasumsic, Wells, White, Quechee, Black, Williams, and West rs. ; in Massachusetts, Miller's, Deerfield, Chickopee, and Westfield rs. ; and in Connecticut, Farming- ton r. There are numerous bridges over the | Comiecticut, the lowest of which is at Hartford, Ct. In some places the banks of tliis river are rough and precipitous ; but through a considera- ble part of its course, there are intervals on each side, from half a mile to 5 miles wide, but little raised above the surface of the river, portions of which are annually overflowed, and thus enrich- ed, and which have great fertility. Besides the steam towboats, there are steam passage boats, which ply between Hartford and Springfield, and several steamboats of a larger size, form a line from Hartford to the city of New York, stopping at the intermediate places on the r. This r. is distinguished for its shad fisheries, and the fish wliich are caught are considered of a superior quality. Some other fish are taken, but salmon, lorraerly common, no longer frequent the river. CONNECTICUT. Connecticut, the southernmost of the Eastern United States, is boimded n. by Massachusetts, E. by Rhode Island, s. by Long Island Sound, and w. by New York. It is between 41° and 42" 2' N. lat., and 71° 20' and 73° 15' w. Ion., and between 3° 16' and 5° 11' e. Ion. from W. It contains 4,674 sq. ms., or 2,991,360 acres. The population in 1790 was 237,946 ; in 1800, 251,002 ; in 1810, 261,942 ; in 1820, 275,248 ; in 1830, 297,711 ; in 1840, 300,015. Of these 148,300 were white males, 153,556 do. females, 3,881 free col- ored males, 4,214 do. females. Employed in agriculture, 56,955 ; in commerce, 2,743 ; manufac- tures and trades, 27,932 ; navigating the ocean, 2,700 ; do. rivers, &c., 431 ; learned professions and engineers, 1,697. The capitals are Hartford, on the Connecticut r., at the head of sloop navigation, 50 miles from its mouth ; and New Haven, on a bay which sets up 4 miles from Long Island Sound. The state is divided into 8 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, were as follows : Fairfield, 49,917, Fairfield and Danbury ; Hartford, 55,629, Hartford ; Litchfield, 40,448, Litclifield ; BIiddlesex, 24,879, Middletown; New Haven, 48,582, New Haven; New London, 44,463, New London and Norwich ; Tolland, 17,980, Tolland ; Windham, 28,080, Brook- lyn. These counties are divided into 144 cities and townships. Connecticut is in general a liilly country, but the hills are not of great elevation. In passing over the state e. and w. they occur very frequently, but much less so n. and s. A range of hills 8 or 10 ms. E. of Connecticut r., passes through a considerable portion of the state. Another and higher range commences at a high blufT called East Rock, a little n. e. of New Haven, and passes northwardly through the state into Massachusetts; a yet higher commences at West Rock, still more elevated than East Rock, a little to the n. w. of New Haven, and proceeds northwardly through the state, and constitutes the southern portion of the Green Mountain range. In the n. w. parts of this state, this range deserves and receives the name of mountains. The soil is generally good, but better adapted to grazing than to tillage. Tlie interval land on the Connecticut river is exceedingly fertile, and very easily tilled. The soil in general is well cultivated, and produces Indian corn, rye, in some parts wheat, oats, barley, buckwheat, flax abimdantly, some hemp, pota- toes, pumpkins, turnips, pease, beans, &c. Apples are abimdant, and some other fruits. Neat cat- tle, horses, sheep, butter, and cheese are produced extensively. In 1840 there were in the state, 34,650 horses and mules, 238,650 neat cattle, 403,462 sheep, 131,961 swine ; poultry to the amount of $176,629. Tliere were produced 87,009 bushels of wheat, 33,759 of bariey, 1,453,262 of oats. 737,424 of rye, 303,043 of buckwheat, l,.50O,441 of Indian corn, 889,870 pounds of wool, 3,414,238 bushels of potatoes, 426,704 tons of hay, 83,764 pounds of hemp and flax, 471,657 of tobacco, 17,538 of silk cocoons, 51,704 of sugar. The products of the dairy amounted to $1,376,534, and of the or- chard to $296,232 ; value of lumber, $147,841 ; and 2,666 gallons of wine were made. The shore of Connecticut is indented with numerous bays and creeks, which furnish many har- bors. The principal seaports are New London, which has one of the finest harbors in the comitry ; New Haven, wiiich has a safe harbor that in many parts is shallow, and is said to be gradually filling up ; and Bridgeport. Long Island Sound extends the whole length of the state, and greatly facilitates the coasting trade, by warding ofT the swell and dangers of the Atlantic. The prmcipal trade is with the West Indies. New London has engaged extensively in the whaling busmess. The exports of this state consist of beef, pork, horses, cattle, mules, butter, cheese, Ind. com, rye, flaxseed, fish, candles, and soap. Iron ore of a superior quality is found in Salisbury and Kent, and the former has long been, on account of its tenacity, manufactured into anchors. Fine marble is found in Milibrd and the vicin- ity, and an excellent freestone in ChaUiara and Haddam, easily wrought, and extensively used in CON 149 CON building in the neighboring cities, and New York, for basements, lintels, &c. There are mineral springs at Stafford and Suffield, the former of which is very celebrated, and much frequented. The climate of Connecticut is healthy, though subject to extremes of heat and cold ; the sea coast is particularly variable. The n. w. winds, in the whiter season, are cold and piercuig ; those wliich blow from the s. are more mild ; and a great change in the weather generally occurs with a change of the wind. Tlie 3 principal rivers are the Connecticut, navigable for vessels drawing 8 feet of water 50 ras. to Hartford, crossing the state nearly in the middle, and entering the sound between Saybrook and Lyme ; the Housatonic, navigable for small vessels 12 ms. to Derby, and entering the sound be- tween Milford and Stratford ; the Thames, navigable 11 ms. to Norwich, and entering the Atlan- tic at New London. Farmington and Naugatuck are considerable streams, furnishing extensive water power. There are 6 cities in Connecticut — Hartford, New London, New Haven, Middletown, Bridgeport, and Norwich. The other prmcipal places are Stonington, Danbury, New Milford, Norwalk, Meri- den, Wethersfield, East Windsor, Litchfield, and Waterbury. The exports of this state in 1840 amounted to $518,210, and the imports to $227,072. niere were 10 commercial and 13 commission houses engaged in for. trade, with a capital of $505,000 ; 1,630 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $6,687,636 ; 582 persons in the lumber trade em- ployed a capital of $433,425 ; 293 persons engaged in transportation, with 76 other persons as butchers, packers, &c., employing a capital of $162,065 ; 2,215 persons were employed in the fisheries, with a capital of $1,301,640. The manufactures of Connecticut are not less extensive than its commerce. There were in 1840, home-made or family goods produced to the amount of $226,162 ; 119 woollen manufactories, em- ploying 2,356 persons, producing articles to the value of $2,494,313, and employing a capital of $1,931,335 ; 116 cotton factories, with 181,319 spindles, employing 5,153 persons, producing articles to the amount of $2,715,964, and employing a capital of $3,152,000 ; 28 furnaces, producing 96,405 tons of cast iron, and 44 forges and rolling mills, producing 3,632 tons of bar iron, the whole em- ploying 895 persons, and a capital of $577,300 ; 36 paper manufactories, produced articles to the amount of $596,500, and other paper manufactures produced $64,000, the whole employing 454 persons, with a capital of $653,800 ; hats and caps were manufactured to the amount of $649,-580, and straw bonnets to the amount of $236,730, the whole employing 1,814 persons, and employing a capital of $350,823 ; 197 tanneries employed 1,359 persons, with a capital of $494,477; 408 other leather manufactories, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the amount of $2,017,931, and em- ployed a capital of $829,267 ; 2 glass houses with 64 persons, produced $32,000, with a capital of $32,000 ; 14 potteries, employing 44 persons, produced $40,850, with a capital of $31,880 ; 8 pow- der mills, employing 26 persons, produced 662,500 pounds of powder, with a capital of $77,000 ; 335 persons produced machinery to the value of $319,680; 1,109 persons produced hardware and cutlery to the amount of $1,114,725 ; 55 persons manufactured granite, marble, &c. to the amount of $50,866 ; bricks and lime were produced to the amount of $151,446 ; soap and tallow and wax candles employed a capital of $46,000 ; 1,289 persons produced carriages and wagons to the amount of $929,301, with a capital of $513,411; 7 flouring mills produced 15,500 barrels of flour, and with grist mills, saw mills, and other mills, employed 895 persons, and manufactured articles to the value of $543,509, and employed a capital of $727,440 ; 70 distilleries employed 42 persons, pro- duced 215,892 gallons of spirits, with a capital of $50,380 ; ships were built to the amount of $428,900 ; 16 rope walks employed 107 persons, and produced articles to the amount of $150,775, with a capital of $85,700 ; 786 persons manufactured furniture to the amount of $253,675, with a capital of $342,770 ; 95 brick, and 517 wooden houses were erected by 1,599 men, to the value of $1,086,295 ; there were 36 printing offices, aud 17 binderies, 2 daily, 27 weekly, and 4 semi-weekly newspapers, and 11 periodicals, the whole employing 368 persons, and a capital of $217,075. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures was $13,669,139. This state has 3 colleges. Yale College, at New Haven, is one of the oldest, and is the most flourisliing institution of the kind in the United States. It was founded in 1701, and removed from Saybrook to New Haven in 1717. Washington College, at Hartford, under the direction of the Episcopalians, was founded in 1826, and is flourishing. The Wesleyan University, at Middletovm, is under the direction of the Methodists, and is a growing institution. The Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, at Hartford, is the oldest and most respectable institution of the kind in the United States, and has generally 130 students. In 1840 there were in the 3 colleges, 700 students; there were in the state 127 academies and grammar schools, with 4,865 students ; 1,619 common and pri- mary schools, with 65,739 scholars ; and 526 persons over 20 years of age who could neitlier read nor write, the least number of any state in the Union. Connecticut has a larger productive school fund, in proportion to its population, than any other state, amounting to about .$2,000,000. This originated chiefly from the sale of the Western Rescr\'e, constituting a large part of the northern CON 150 CON portion of the state of Ohio, included in its original charter, and ceded to it by the United States, by way of compromise. The principal religious denominations are the Congregationalists, the Baptists, the Episcopalians, and the Methodists. In 1836 the Congregationalists had 232 churches, 271 ministers, and 29,579 communicants ; the Baptists 92 churches, 90 ministers, and 10,039 communicants ; the Episcopa- lians 1 bi.shop and 63 ministers ; the Methodists 73 ministers. Besides these, there were a few Koman Catholics, Unitarians, and Universalists. At the commencement of 1840, there were 33 banks and branches, with a capital of $8,832,223. It had no state debt. There is a state prison at Wethersfield, erected in 1826. Tlie government of the state is vested in a governor, lieutenant-governor, who is president of the senate, and in a senate and house of representatives. The senate consists of not less than 18 nor of more than 24 members. Most of the towns choose 2 representatives ; some, of less population, but one. The sessions of the legislature are held annually, alternately at Hartford and at New Haven. The supreme court consists of 5 judges, appointed by the legislature, holding their offices during good behavior, or until they are 70 years of age. These judges hold separately a court twice a year, in each county ; and all the judges together hold one court annually in each county, as a court of errors. The county courts consist of 3 judges in each county, appointed annually by the legislature. There are justices of the peace in the several towns, who have cognizance of all cases where the demand does not exceed $35. The cities have city courts, consisting of the mayor and 2 senior aldermen, having cognizance of all civil actions, which do not respect the title of land. The principal internal improvements in Connecticut are the Farmington canal, extending fi-om New Haven, 56 ms., to the n. line of the state, whence it is continued to Northampton, Mass. ; at Enfield, a canal extends around the falls in Connecticut river of 5s ms., which, with other improve- ments above, is designed to make the river navigable for boats and steamboats to White river, in Vt. ; the Norwich and Worcester railroad, 58i miles, extends from Norwich n. through the state ; the New Haven and Hartford railroad, 36 miles, connects the two places, and is to be extended to meet the Western Massachusetts railroad at Springfield ; the Housatonic railroad commences at Bridgeport, and extends to North Canaan, at the n. line of the state, 73 miles, and is continued to meet the Western railroad of Massachusetts, at West Stockbridge. The state consisted, at its first settlement, of two colonies, denomii 'ted Connecticut, having the seat of government at Hartford ; and New Haven, at New Haven. The colony of Connecticut was settled in 1633, at Windsor, by emigrants from Massachusetts, who penetrated through the wilderness. Hartford was settled by the English in 1635, the Dutch having previously built a fort there, which they did not permanently hold. Wethersfield was settled in 1636. The colony at New Haven was settled by the English in 1633. By a charter granted by Charles II., in 1665, these colonies were united. During the tyranny of Andros, an attempt was made to procure a sur- render of the charter. The subject was publicly debated in the evening, at Hartford, when sud- denly the candles were extinguished, and the charter was hid in the hollow of an oak tree, which has become famous since as the Charter Oak. This charter continued to be the basis of the gov- ernment until the year 1818, when the present constitution was formed. In 1708, the celebrated Saybrook Platform, or constitution of the Congregational churches, was adopted. Connecticut took a very active part in the revolutionary war, and a ntimber of her tovras, par- ticularly Danbury and New Loudon, were burned by the enemy ; the latter under the command of the traitor Arnold. The constitution of the United States was adopted in a convention, January 9, 1788 ; yeas 128, nays 40 ; majority 88, CoNNELsviLLE, p-t., and b., Fayette co.. Pa., 180 w. by s. Harrisburg, 206 W. The b. is situ- ated on the E. bank of the Youghiogany river. Chartered in 1806. It has 2 churches, 9 stores, ^ pist m., 1 saw m., and about 120 dwellings Ihere are m the t., 7 stores, cap. $26,800 ; 3 fur- naces, 4 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 paper manufac, 1 flounns m., 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap in man ufac. $l(r,160. 5 sch. 190 scholars. Pop^Se Conner's Mills, Cooper co.. Mo., 45 'n w Jefferson city, 960 W. CoNNERsviLLE p-v., Capital of Fayette co., la., 60 E. s E. Indianapohs, 519 W. Situated on the w. side of VVhitewaler r. It contains 3 churches— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Christian— 8 stores, 3 academies, 1 seminary, and 596 inhabitants. Pop. of the t. 1,372. Conoten, p-v., North t., Harrison co., O., 118 N. E. Columbus, 296 W. Situated on Conoten cr., a branch of Tuscarawas r. Conn's Creek, p-o., Shelby co., la., 34 s. E. Indianapolis, 563 W. CoNaUEST, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 15 n. Au- burn, 164 w. by N. Albany, 347 W. The siu'face is rolling ; soil, clay and sandy loam. Bounded N. by Seneca r., which here divides so as to form Howland's island in the s. w. corner of the town. The V. contains 2 churches, 2 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 20 dwellings, and about 130 inhab- itants. There are in the town 2 stores, capital CON 151 COO $7,000 ; 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $900. 16 sch. 657 scholars. Pop. 1,911. CoiNciuEST, p-c, Miami co., O., 68 w. Colum- bus, 462 W. Conrad's Store, p-c, Rockingham co., Va., lOB N. w. Richmond, 124 W. CoN.STABLE, t., Franklin co., N. Y., 6 n. Ma- lone, 218 N. by w. Albany. The surface is level, and the soil sandy loam. Drained by Trout r., which flows into the Chateaugay r., a branch of the St. Lawrence. It has 2 stores, cap. $10,150 ; 1 fulliiig m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,850. 7 sch. 379 scholars. Pop. 1,122. CoNSTABLEViLLE, p-v.. West Turiu t., Lewis CO., N. Y., 138 N. w. Albany, 419 W. It con- tains 2 churches — 1 Episcopal and 1 Union — 2 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 20 dwellings, and about 130 inhabitants. CoNSTANTiA, p-t., Oswego CO., N. Y., 135 w. N. w. Albany, 30 e. Oswego, 373 W. The sur- face is level ; soil, sandy loam. Oneida lake bounds it on the s. Drained by Scriba cr. It has 8 stores, cap. $22,000 ; 2 furnaces, 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $57,830. 15 sch. 583 scholars. Pop. 1,176. CoNSTANTiNE, p-v., St. Joseph CO., Mich., 149 w. s. w. Detroit, 596 W. Situated on St. Joseph r., at the junction of Fall r. It has 1 Episcopal church, 7 stores, 1 flouring m., and 2 saw m. Steamboats and keel boats pass from this to the mouth of the St. Joseph. The rivers here afford excellent water power. It is a place of extensive business. Pop. 751. Constitution, p-o., Washin ^ton co., O. CoNTOOcooK, r., Hillsborough co., N. H. Its principal branch rises in Rindge t., Cheshire co., and pursues a n. and n. e. course until it enters Merrimac r., on the n. line of Concord t. It is a fine mill stream. CoNTOocooK Village, p-v., Hopkinton t., Merrimac co., N. H., 10 w. Concord, 478 W. Sit- uated on the Contoocook r. Here is extensive water power, and a number of mills. Convenience, p-o., Fayette co., O., 54 s. w. Columbus, 426 W. CoNvis, t., Calhoun co., Mich., 113 w. Detroit, 578 W. It has 5 sch. 16 scholars. Pop. 292. Conway, county. Ark. Situated in the cen- tral part of the state, and contains 1,025 sq. miles. Arkansas r. runs on its s. w. border. Drained by Cadron and Point Remove crs. Surface uneven. Capital. Lewisburg. There ^ve^e in 1840, neat cattle 7,605, sheep 939, swine 14,644, wheat 1,709 bush, produced, Ind. corn 135,365, oats 1,430, po- tatoes 10,570, cotton 2,702 pounds, 5 stores, cap. $14,600 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 1 acad. 22 students. Pop. 1830, 982; 1840, whites 2,695, slaves 192, free col'd 5 ; total, 2,892. Conway, p-o., Aroostook co.. Me. Conway, p-t., Carroll co., N. H., 68 n. n. e. Concord, 552 W. Watered by Swift r., and other branches of Saco r., wliich passes through it. The Saco is here 10 or 12 rods wide. There is a large pond on its s. border, wtiich has an outlet into Saco r. A sulphur spring here is some resorted to. Magnesia and fuller's earth are also found. It has 6 stores, cap. $11,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tan- nery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,755. 18 sch. 737 scholars. Pop. 1,801. Conway, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 102 w. by N. Boston, 397 W. Deerfield r. washes its n. e. border, and a branch of this r. passes through it. Incorporated in 1767. It has a Congregational and a Baptist church, and considerable manufac- tures. It has 6 stores, cap. $10,300; 1 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 2,294 sp., 1 tannery, 2 distiller- ies, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. 17 sch. 431 scholars. Pop. 1,409. CoNWAYBOROUGH p-v., Capital of Horry dist., S. C, 196 E. by s. Columbia, 468 W. Situated on the w. bank of Waccamaw r., which is navi- gable to this place for steamboats. It contains a court house, and several stores and dwellings. CoNYNGHAM. p-v., Luzeme co.. Pa., 108 n. n. E. Harrisburg, 218 W. It occupies a romantic situation, surrounded by mountains. It is neatly built, chiefly on one street, and contains several stores, and over 50 dwellings. Cook, county. 111., in the n. e. part of the state, lies on Lake Michigan. It contains 864 sq. ms. The surface is undulating, consisting of prairie, groves of timber, and some swamp. Drained by Calumic, Chicago, and Des Plaines rivers. Cap- ital, Chicago. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,441, sheep 990, swine 10,812; wheat 24,977 bush, produced, Ind. corn 49,231, buckwheat 3,710, barley 3,494, oats 109,129, potatoes 122,176 ; 4 commission houses, cap. $35,300 ; 102 stores, cap. $409,800; 11 lumber yards, cap. $38,900; 1 furnace, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 2 flouring m., 1 saw m., 3 printing offices, 1 periodical, 2 daily, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $62,150. 16 sch. 493 scholars. Pop. 10,201. Cook's Bridge, p-o., Newcastle co., Del., 62 w. by N. Dover, 96 W . CooKHAM, p-v., Fairfield dist., S. C, 20 n. Co- lumbia, 489 W. CooKSBURG, p-v., Rensselaerville t^ Albany CO., N. Y. Cook's Corners, p-o., Erie co., O., 103 n. e. Columbus, 412 W. Cook's Law Office, p-o., Elbert co., Ga., 110 N. N. E. Milledgeville, 566 W. Cook's Run, p-o., Clinton co., Pa^ 147 n. n. w. Harrisburg, 239 W. CooKSTOWN, p-o., Washington t., Fayette co.. Pa., 197 w. by s. Harrisburg, 219 W. Situated on the E. bank of Monongahela river. It has 2 churches, 5 stores, 1 15 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. CooKsviLLE, p-v., Ann Arundel co., Md., 53 N. w. Annapolis, 58 W. CooKsviLLE, p-v., Noxubee co., Miss., 132 n. E. by E. Jackson, 885 W. Coolbaugh's, p-t., Monroe co., Pa., 138 n. e. Harrisburg, 232 W. Pop. 159. Cool Spring, p-t., Mercer co.. Pa., 175 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 248 W. Drained by Cool Spring cr. and Otter cr., branches of Neshanock r. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,500; 2 distilleries, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $375. 12 sch. 420 scholars. Pop. 1,934. E. Raleigh, 314 W. Cool Sprixg, p-o., Wilkinson co., Ga., 56 s. Milledgeville, 704 W. Cool Spring, p-o., Warren co., Ky., 142 s. w. Frankfort, 663 W. Cool Spring, p-o.. La Fayette co., Mo., 122 w. N. w. Jefferson city, 1,048 W. Cooper, r., S. C, tmites with Ashley r. to form Charleston harbor, entering it on the E. side of the city. A canal 21 ms. long connects this r. with Santee r., which opens an extensive com- munication between Charleston and the interior. Cooper, county. Mo. Situated in the central part of the state, and has Missouri r. on its n. border. It contains 400 sq. ms. Drained by La Mine and Little Saline rivers, and Manitou cr. The surface is undulating, and the soil very fer- tile. Capital, Booneville. There were in 1840, coo 152 COP neat cattle 15,088, sheep 11,242, swine 40,298; wheat 43,371 bush, produced, rye 1,376, Indian corn 587,059, oats 163,773, potatoes 22,684, tobac- co 142,562 pounds, sugar 5,340 ; 31 stores, cap. $307,460; 5 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 4 flouring ni., 5 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Capital in manufac. $114,850. 3 acad. 142 students, 21 sch. 811 scholars. Pop. 1830, 6,904 ; 1840, whites 8,312, slaves 2,157, free col'd 15; total, 10,484. Cooper, p-t., Washington cc. Me., 196 e. n. E. Augusta, 782 W. It has a small lake on its n. E. part, the outlet of wliich runs on its e. border, and enters into Cobscook bay. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 7 sch. 277 scholars. Pop. 657. Cooper, p-t., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 131 w. Detroit, 596 W. It has 3 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 376. Cooper's, p-o., Franklin cc, Va., 169 w. s. w. Richmond, 244 W. Cooper's, p-o., Smith co., Tenn., 60 e. Nash- ville, 667 W. CooPERSBURG, p-o., Lehigh cc, Pa., 95 e. n. e. Harrisburg, 108 W. Cooper's Mills, p-o., Lincoln cc, Me., 13 s. Augusta, 605 W. CoopERSTOWN, p-v.,Otsego t., capital of Otsego CO., N.Y., 69 w. Albany, 366 W. It is dehghtfully situated on a plain, at the outlet of Otsego lake. Incorporated in 1812. It is neatly and tastefully built, and is surrounded by beautiful scenery. The lake is a fine sheet of water, and its outlet affords good water power, and forms the com- mencement of the Susquehanna r. The v. has a court house, jail, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Uni- versalist — 20 stores, besides 2 bookstores, 1 bank- ing-house, 1 academy, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 200 dwellings, and about 1,400 inhabitants. CoopERSTOwN, p-v., Plumb t., Venango co.. Pa., 218 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 292 W. It has a store and 5 or 6 dwellings. CoopERsviLLE, p-o., Clinton co., N. Y. CoopERsviLLE, p-v., Lancaster co., Pa., 55 s. E. Harrisburg, 113 W. Coop Creek, p-o., Marion cc, Tenn., 107 s. E. Nashville, 608 W. Coos, county, N. H. Situated in the n. part of the state, and has Lower Canada on the n., the state of Maine on the e., and Connecticut r. w. It contains 1,600 sq. ms. A stream, which flows through Connecticut lake, forms one of the sources of Connecticut r. Hall's stream, another source, which lies w. of it, has been, by the re- cent treaty, fixed on as the n. w. source of Con- necticut r. described in the treaty of 1783. The majestic White mountains, and some others, oc- cupy the s. part of this co. Drained on the w. by iMohawk, Ammonoosuck, Israel's, and John's rivers, which flow w. into Connecticut r. On the E. flows the Androscoggin r., which enters the Atlantic through Kennebec r. Incorporated m 1803. Much of the land is rough, and not fitted for cultivation ; but on Connecticut r., and some other streams, it is good. Capital, Lancas- ter. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,334 sheep 21 092, swine 3,977 ; wheat 26,951 bus'hels 5 fulling m., 5 tanneries, 23 grist m., 54 saw m. 1 printing office, 1 weekly new.spaper. Can in manufac. $86 060. 1 acad. 128%Ptudent;!^i5 f.Q;n '^ ■* scholars. Pop. 1830, 8,390; 1840, CoosA, r., Ala., rises in Ga., and runs through the N. w. part of that state into Alabama, antf 8 miles below Wetumpka unites with the Talla- poosa r. to form Alabama r. The Coosa is nav- igable for steamboats 8 ms. above the junction to Wetumpka. Its whole course is about 240 ms. CoosA, county, Ala., a central eastern co., con- tains 870 sq. ms. Situated on the e. side of Coosa r., and is drained by Hatchet, Paint, and Wawakee creeks, falling into the Coosa r. Sur- face, hilly and diversified, with extensive pine forests. Soil, fertile. Capital, Rockford. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,173, sheep 1,435, swine 20,271 ; wheat 10,050 bush, produced, Ind. corn 211,641, oats 5,656, potatoes 15,298, rice 10,780 pounds, tobacco 1,132, cotton 172,505; 28 stores, cap. $148,250 ; 4 tanneries, 8 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 printing office, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $29,785. 2 acad. 60 students, 5 sch. 110 scholars. Pop. whites 4,858, slaves 2,125, free col'd 12 ; total, 6,995. CoosAWDA, p-v., Autauga cc, Ala., 106 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 832 W. Situated on the w. bank of Alabama r., 6 miles below the junction of Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers. CoosAWHATCHiE, T., S. C, fuus s. s. E., and falls into Broad r. An eastern outlet, called Whale Branch, and also Coosaw r., forms the island of Port Royal. CoosAWHATCHiE, p-v., Capital of Beaufort dist., S. C, 134 s. Columbia, 619 W. Situated on Coosawhatchie r., 75 s. w. by w. Charleston. It has a court house, jail, and a few dwellings. CoPAKE, p-t., Columbia cc, N. Y., 49 s. by e Albany, 342 W. The siuface on the e. is moun- tainous ; on the w. is a broad valley, through wliich flows Ancram cr., where the soil is good. It has 2 stores, cap. $l,8t)0 ; 2 fulling m., 1 wool- len fac, 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $15,000. 8 sch. 397 scholars. Pop. 1,505. CopELAND, p-o., Telfair cc, Ga., 96 s. by E. Milledgeville, 743 W. CoPELY, p-t.. Summit co., O., 124 n. e. Colum- bus, 6 N. w. Akron, 337 W. The surface is gen- erally level, in some parts rolling, and the soil good, both for grain and grass. The t. contains 5 saw m., 3 flouring m., 2 carding machines, and other mills and manufactories. It has 9 sch. 364 scholars. Pop. 1,439. Copenhagen, p-v., Denmark t., Lewis co., N. Y., 149 N. w. Albany, 423 W. Situated on Deer r., which, half a mile below the place, has a fall of 175 feet, nearly perpendicular, with high pro- jecting banks below, overhanging the stream, the whole constituting a great curiosity. The v. has 1 church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 oil ra., 1 ropewalk, 40 dwellings, and about 250 in- habitants. Copexhagem, p-v., Caldwell co., N. C, 206 w. Raleigh, 418 W. Copenhagen, p-v., Caldwell par.. La., 266 N. w. New Orleans, 1,180 W. Cope's Mills, p-o., Jefferson co., O., 146 E. by N. Columbus, 277 W. Copiah, county. Miss. Situated toward the s. w. part of the state, and contains 900 sq. miles. Pearl r. runs on its e. border. Drained by Bayou Pierre, and head branches of Homochitto river. Capital, Gallatin. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 12,127, sheep 3,264, swine 29,755; Ind. corn 331,650 bush, produced, oats 12,321, potatoes 48,860, rice 58,885 pounds, cotton 3,335,520 ; 10 stores, cap. $101,100; 13 grist m., 12 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $38,455. 12 sch. 251 scholars. Pop. 1830, 7,001 ; 1840, whites 5,161, slaves 3,786, free col'd 7 ; total, 8,954. Copiah Creek, p-o., Copiah co., Miss., 45 s Jackson, 1,049 W. COR 153 COR CopoPA, p-0., Columbia t., Lorain cc, O., 20 s. w. Cleveland, 135 n. n. e. Columbus, 365 W. Copperas Creek, p-o., Fulton cc, 111., 77 n. w. Springfield, 827 W. Coral, p-o., McHenry co., 111., 221 n. n. e. Springfield, 773 W. Coram, p-v., Brookhaven t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 203 s s. E. Albany, 283 W. It contains 1 church, 2 stores, and 12 or 15 dwellings. CoRBEAU, v., Champlain t., Clinton co., N. Y. It contains 1 church, 2 stores, and several dwellings. CoRBETTSviLLE, p-0., Conklin t., Broome co., N. Y. Cordova, p-o.. Rock Island cc, 111., 166 n. n. w. Springfield, 884 W. CoREA Fabre, p-v.. Union cc, Ark., 168 s. by w. Little Rock, 1,213 W. Situated on the w. bank of Wacliita r., at the head of steamboat navigation. Core Creek, p-o.. Craven co., N. C. Core's Mills, p-o., Tyler co., Va., 323 n. w. Richmond, 279 W. Core Sound, on the coast of N. C, 40 miles long, opens in the n. e. into Pamlico soiuid. The island which encloses it contains Cape Lookout on its s. point. Corfu, p-o., Pembroke t., Genesee co., N. Y., 266 w. by n. Albany, 380 W. Corinna, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 64 n. n. vv. Augusta, 659 W. Incorporated in 1816. Wa- tered by a head branch of Sebasticook r. It is a fertile t., and has 2 tanneries, 14 sell. 409 schol- ars. Pop. 1,704. CoRiNNA Centre, p-o., Corinna t., Penobscot CO., Me., 62 N. N. w. Augusta, 657 W. Corinth, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 85 n. n. e. Augusta, 6S0 W. Drained by Kenduskeag stream, which enters the Penobscot r. at Bangor. The soil is fertile. It has 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,000. 9 sch. 253 scholars. Pop. 1,318. Corinth, p-t.. Orange co., Vt., 34 s. e. Mont- pelier, 513 W. Drained by branches of Wait's r., whicli afford water power. First settled in 1777. The soil is a fertile loam. It has 6 .stores, cap. $27,500 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,300 ; 21 sch. 708 scholars. Pop. 1,970. Corinth, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 52 n. by w. Albany, 421 W. Organized in 1828. The sur- face is rolling; the soil, sandy loam. It is bound- ed e. by Hudson r. The p-v., on the Hudson r., has been heretofore denominated Jesup's Land- ing, now Corinth. It has 1 Presbyterian church, 1 store, and about 20 dwellings. Its business in considerable in the lumber trade. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. .$7,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 wool- len fac, 4 tanneries, 2 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,400. 5 sch. 375 scholars. Pop. 1,365. Corinth, p-v.. Heard co., Ga., 120 w. Mil- ledgeville, 724 W. It contains an academy, and 20 or 30 dwellings. Cork, p-o., Ashtabula co., O., 191 n. e. Co- lumbus, 342 W. Corlaer's Hook, the s. e. point of the city of New York, at a sudden bend in the East r. Corn Creek, p-o., Trimble co., Ky., 47 n. w. Frankfort, 566 W. Corneliusville, p-v., Boone cc, Ky., 90 n. by E. Frankfort, 516 W. Corners, p-o., Windsor co., Vt., 70 s. Montpe- lier, 468 W. Cornersburg, p-v., Trumbull co., O. It has a church, one or two stores, and 20 or 30 dwell- ings. 20 Corner Stone, p-o., Tioga co.. Pa., 131 n. Harrisburg, 241 W. Cornersville, p-v., Giles co.. Term., 61 s. Nashville, 711 W'. Situated in the N. e. corner of the coiuity. It contains about 12 dwellings, and 60 inhabitants. Cornersville, p-v.. Graves co., Ky., 289 s. w. by w. Frankfort, 813 W. Cornersville, p-v.. La Fayette co.. Miss., 184 N. n. w. Jackson, 887 W. Cornersville, po., York co., Me., 78 s. w. Augusta, 549 W. Corn Grove, p-o., Benton co., Ala., 158 e. n. E. Tuscaloosa, 736 W. Corning, p-v.. Painted Post t., Steuben co., N. Y., 213 w. s. w. Albany, 287 W. Situated on the s. side of Chemung r. It contains 3 church- es — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Metliod- ist — a banking house, 14 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 iron foundry, 1 carriage fac, 1 axe fac, and various other mechanical establishments. The line of the New York and Erie railroad passes through the place. By means of a canal and Seneca lake it is connected with the Erie canal. A railroad to Blossburg, Pa., 40 ms. long, connects it with the bituminous coal region of Pa. These communications have already rendered its trade in lumber, coal, &c., extensive. Cornish, p-t., York co.. Me., 76 s. w. Augusta, 547 W. Great Ossipee and Saco rivers bound it on the N. Incorporated in 1794. It has a fertile soil, and produces good wheat. It has 6 stores, cap. $1,700 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,930. 11 sch. 536 scholars. Pop. 1,263. Cornish, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 5S n. w. by w. Concord, 471 W. Connecticut r. runs on its w. border, over which is a bridge to Windsor, Vt. The surface is uneven, except on the r., and the soil is fertile. Chartered in 1763. Several small streams furnish mill seats. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. 12 sen. 567 scholars. Pop. 1,726. Cornish Flat, p-o., Cornish t., Sullivan cc, N. H., 59 N. w. by w. Concord, 474 W. Cornishville, p-o., McIIenry co.. 111., 210 n. N. E. Springfield, 762 W. Corn Planter, p-t., Venango co.. Pa., 217 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 291 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 427. CoRNviLLE, pt., Somerset co., Me., 42 n. by E. Augusta, 637 W. Watered by Wessaransett r., a tributary of Kennebec r. Incorporated in 1798. It produces good wheat. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,500; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 15 sch. 459 scholars. Pop. 1,140. Cornwall, p-t., Addison co., Vt., 63 s. w. Montpelier, 477 W. Otter creek runs on its E. boundary. Lemonfair, a branch of the same r.. crosses its n. w. corner. The surface is gen- erally level, and the soil a strong clay loam. In the s. w. part is a swamp, covering several thou- sand acres, but the place is healthy. There is a Congregational and a Baptist church. It has 3 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 12 saw m., 1 oilm. Cap. in manufac. $1,550. 7 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1,164. Cornwall, p-t., Litchfield cc, Ct., 39 w. by N. Hartford, 330 W. The surface is uneven in the w. part, and the soil various. Ilousatonic r. runs on its w. border, and a small tributary pass- es through it. First settled in 1740. A foreign mission school was established here in 1718 ; and at it a number of distinguished heathen youth have been educated, v\ho have been useful COR 154 COT among tlie American Indians, and the Sandwich Islanclers. The Housatonic railroad passes through the t. There are 3 furnaces, 5 stores, cap. §16,000 ; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac., 2 tan- neries, 2 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $35,630. 14 sch. 447 scholars. Fop. 1,703. ConNWALL, t.. Orange co., N. Y., 6 s. New- burg, 100 s. Albany. The surface is hilly or mountainous. Butter Plill and Crow's Nest, the highest peaks of the " Highlands," are here, and the sites of old forts Putnam, Clinton, and Mont- gomery, of revolutionary memory. Here is also West Point, the seat of the Military Academy of the United States, for a particular description of which, see West Point. It has 11 sch. 596 schol- ars. Pop. 3,925. CoRNW.\LL, p-c, Lebanon co.. Pa., 42 e. Harris- burg, 326 W. Cornwall Bridge, p-o., Cornwall t., Litch- field CO., Ct., 42 w. by n. Hartford, 326 W. A bridge here crosses the Housatonic r. Cornwall Hollow, po., Cornwall t., Litch- field CO., Ct., 3S w. by n. Hartford, 337 W. Cornwall Landing, v., Cornwall t.. Orange CO., N. Y. Situated on the w. side of the Hud- son r., at the northern termination of the High- lands ; it contains 4 stores, 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. CoRNWAi.LviLLE, p-v., Duiham t., Greene co., N. Y., 38 s. s. w. Albany, 361 W. It has 1 church, 1 store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. CoRRiNGTON, p-0., Franklin co.. la., 81 e. s. e. Indianapolis, 507 W. CoRTLANDT, p-0., Kent CO., Mich., 186 w. n. w. Detroit, 667 W. Cortland, county, N. Y. Situated in the central part of the state, and contains 500 sq. ms. The surface ol this county is elevated, with gent- ly rising hills and broad valleys ; the soil is fer- tile, and alike adapted to grazing and to grain. Drained by Toughnioga and Ostelic rs., which afford extensive water power. Iron ore is found in small quantities ; there are some beds of marl, and one or two sulphur springs, and a salt spring. Capital, Cortland. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 33,739, sheep 99,160, swine 19,043 ; wheat 100,765 bush, produced, rye 2,730, Indian corn 85,344, buckwheat 18,015, bariey 29,935, oats 276,681, potatoes 575,506, sugar 429,690 pounds ; 38 stores, cap. $350,400 ; 3 lumber yards, cap $2,200 ; 4 furnaces, 1 forge, 10 fulling m., 4 wool- len fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,916 sp., 17 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 1 pottery, 23 grist m., 84 saw m., 3 oil m., 1 paper fac, 2 priming offices, 1 bmdery, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in man- ufac !j!369,955. 2 acad. 370 students, 179 sch 7,930 scholars. Population, 1830, 23,755 : 1840 24,607. . > , , io^w, Cortland, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y 113 s Albany, 262 W. The surface is hilly, and in the N.vv. mountainous, including a portion of the Highlands. The soil is sand and a gravelly loam Watered by Croton r., which is taken to the city of New York m a covered canal, to supply the city with wholesome water. The water is said to be very pure, being derived chiefly from fine spnngs The p-o. is dcnommated Cortlandtown situated m Croton village. Pop. 5 592 ' CoRTLANDviLLE, p-t capital of Cortland co., N. \ ., 143 w. by s. Albany, 314 W. The sur- face is undulating; soil, fertile argdlaceous mold Drained by loughmoga r. and its branches It has 9 stores, cap. §115,000 ; 1 furnace, 3 fuiling ra., 1 woollen lac, 1 tannery, 9 saw m Can i., manufac $20,850. 41 sch. 1,717 scholars Pop! Cortland Village, p-v., in Cortlandville t. is situated on the Toughnioga r., and contains a court house, jail, county clerk's ofHce, 4 church- es — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and I Universalist — 12 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 paper m., 2 tanneries, 200 dwellings, and about 1,200 inhabitants. The situation is pleasant, the houses are generally neat, and some of them ele- gant. CoRTOiSE, t., Crawford co.. Mo. Pop. 703. Cortsville, p-o., Clark co., O., 54 w. Colum- bus, 449 W. CoRUNNA, p-v., capital of Shiawassee co., ]>Iich., 79 N. w. Detroit, 582 W. Situated on Shiawassee r., which affords good water power. It has a court house, 1 store, 1 flouring m., and 1 saw m. In the immediate vicinity are beds of stone coal, lime and sandstone ; the last suitable for the manufacture of glass. CoRYDON, p-t., McKean co.. Pa., 233 n. w. Harrisburg, 317 W. It has 1 store, cap. $700; 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,000. 1 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 246. CouYDON, p-v., capital of Harrison co., la., 126 s. Indianapolis, 623 W. Situated on the e. bank of Indian cr., which flows into the Ohio. It con- tains a large stone court house, a jail, 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist — 7 stores, 100 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. CosGROvE Hall, p-o.. Union co., Pa. Coshocton, county, O. Situated centrally m the E. part of the state, and contains 562 sq. ms. Watered by Killbuck cr., Whitewoman's cr., or Walhonding r., and Tuscarawas r. The two lat- ter unite at Coshocton v., to form the Muskingum r. First settled in 1807. Organized in 1811. The surface is uneven, but the lulls are arable, and the valleys on the rivers exceedingly fertile. There are salt wells, muieral coal, ami iron, and lead ore in the co. Capital, Coshocton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 15,869, sheep 31,967, swine 27,905 ; wheat 319,755 bush, produced, rye 8,667, Ind. corn 468,898, buckwheat 12,988, oats 186,597, potatoes 57,656 ; 38 stores, cap. $54,890 ; 1 furnace, 11 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 4 flouring m., 10 grist m., 26 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $90,130. 14 sch. 484 scholars. Pop. 1830, 11,162; 1840,21,590. Coshocton, p-v., capital of Coshocton co., O.. S3 E. N. E. Columbus, 337 W. Situated at the confluence of the Walhonding and Tuscarawas rivers, on the s. e. side, at the head of the Mus- kingum r. It is laid out on 4 terraces of land, each rising 9 feet above tlie other, the first three about 400 feet wide, and the last 1,000 feet. It is regularly laid oiU, with streets running at right angles with eacii otiier, and dividing the v. into .36 blocks of 400 feet square, each divided into 8 lots. It contains a brick court house, a jail, and a large steam flouring and saw m. 'J'here are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $7,600 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly paper. Cap. in manufac. $2,930. Pop. 625. CossAWAGO, t., Crawford co., Pa. It has 1 store, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,600. 7 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 1,269._ CosMOPOLi, p-0., Pickaway co., O., 25 s. Co- lumbus, 396 W. Cote Sans Dessein, p-v., Callaway co.. Mo., II E. by n. Jefferson city, 935 W. Situated on the N. bank of Missouri r., a little below, and op- posite the entrance of Osage r. It is the site of an old French village, and derives its name from an isolated hill on the river bank. The t. has 3 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 609. Cotile, p-o., Rapides par., La., 319 N. W. by w. New Orleans, 1,238 W. GOV 155 GOV Cottage, p-o., Montgomery co., Md., 48 w. N. w. Annapolis, 8 W. Cottage Grove, p-o., Dane co., Wis., 21 Mad- ison, 849 W. Cottage Grove, p-o., Clark co., la. Cottage Home, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C. Cotton, t., Switzerland co., la. Pop. 1,450. Cotton Gin, p-o., Lauderdale co., Ala., 145 n. Tuscaloosa, 754 W. Cotton Gin Port, p-v., Monroe co., Miss., 180 N. E. Jackson, 905 W. Situated on the E. side of the Tombigbee r., immediately below the junction of the E. and w. branches, at the head of navigation. Cotton Grove, p-o., Davidson co., N. C, 102 W. Raleigh, 359 W. Cotton Grove, p-o., Madison co., Tenn., 137 w. s. w. Nashville, 821 W. Cotton Hill, p-o., Randolph co., Ga. Cotton Plant, p-o., Tippah co.. Miss., 202 n. N. E. Jackson, 874 W. Cotton River, p-o., Henry co., Ga., 72 w. by N. flIilledgevOle, 676 W. Cottonville, p-v., Marshall co., Ala., 109 n. E. Tuscaloosa, 706 W. Cottrelville, t., St. Clair co., Mich. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. m manufac. $25,500. Population, 602. CoTUiT Village, p-v., Barnstable co., Ms., 68 s. s. E. Boston, 469 W. Coudersport, p-v., capital of Potter Co., Pa., 170 N. N. w. Harrisburg, 280 W. Situated on the N. side of Alleghany r. It has 2 public squares, one on which stands the court house and other public buildings, and 1 for an academy ; 3 church- es — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist — 4 stores, 25 dwellings, and 140 inhabitants. Coultersville, p-o., Butler co.. Pa., 213 w. by N. Harrisburg, 255 W. Councill's Store, p-o., Ashe co., N. C, 224 w. by N. Raleigh, 388 W. CouNTV Line, p-o., Niagara co., N. Y., 272 w. by N. Albany, 415 W. County Line, p-o., Davies co., N. C, 146 w. Raleigh, 364 W. County Line, p-o., Campbell co., Ga., 117 w. N. w. Milledgeville, 712 W. County Line, p-o., Chambers co., Ala., 151 e. by s. Tuscaloosa, 788 W. County Line, p-o., Scott co.. Miss., 60 e. Jackson, 957 W. Coursenville, p-v., Stillwater t., Sussex co., N. J., 83 N. Trenton, 252 W. It is situated 5 s. w. Newton, the capital of the co., and contains 1 store and 6 or 8 dwellings. Courtableau, river. La., after a course of 35 ms. flows into the Atchafalaya r. Courtesy, p-o., Floyd co., Ga., 154 s. w. by w. Milledgeville, 679 W. Courtland, p-v., Lawrence co., Ala., 119 w. Tuscaloosa, 759 W. Courtwrigiit, p-v.. Bloom t., Fairfield co., O., 20 s. E. Columbus, 3S5 W. Coushohocken, p-o., Montgomery co.. Pa. Cove Creek, p-o., Benton co., Ala., 131 e. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 724 W. Coventry, p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 54 n. by e. MontpeUer, 566 W. Watered by Barton and Black rivers, which enter into Lake Memphre- magog, and aflford good water power. The n. part of the t. lies on the lake. Chartered in 1785, but not settled until 1800. The soil is generally fertile, consisting of a deep rich loam. It has 2 stores, cap. §16,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,500. 7 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 786. Coventry Gore, a small strip of unincorpo- rated land, Orleans co., Vt. Pop. 10. Coventry, t., Grafton co., N. H., 12 e. s. e. Haverhill, 70 n. n. w. Concord. Watered by branches of Wild Amonoosuck r. and Oliverian brook. The surface is rough and mountainous. Moosehillock mountain, 4,636 feet above tide wa- ter, is in the s. e. part of the t. Chartered in 1764. It has 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $2,600. 6 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 413. Coventry, p-t., Tolland co., Ct., 17 e. Hart- ford, 353 W. The surface is uneven, and the soil a gravelly loam. Willimantic r. runs on its E. border, and Hop r. on its s. border, furnishing good water power, which has been improved. Incorporated in 1711. It has4 stores, cap. !iii9,I00 ; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 830 sp., 2 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $196,137. 11 sch. 577 scholars. Pop. 2,018. Coventry, t., Chester co., Pa. Situated on Tioga r. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam and clay. Exports lumber. Coal and iron ore abound. The village is on the e. bank of Tioga r. There are in the t. 15 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 1 forge, 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 7 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m., 11 sch. 335 scholars. Pop. 2,620. Coventry, p-t., Kent co., R. I., 13 s. w. Provi- dence, 395 W. Watered by Flat r. and the s. branch of the Pawtuxet r., affording extensive water power, which has been improved m ex- tensive manufiicturing. The surface is rough, and the soil, sand or gravelly loam, adapted to grazing. Incorporated in 1742. It has 14 stores, cap. $14,300 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 14 cot- ton fac. 24,612 sp., 9 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac $393,800. 13 sch. 239 scholars. Pop. 3,433. Coventry, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 114 w. s. w. Albany, 320 W. The surface is hilly and broken, and the soil sandy loam, adapted to grass. Watered by Harper's and Kelsey's creeks, branches of the Susquehanna r. The v. contains 2 churches, 2 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. There are in the town, 2 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$5,150. 15 sch. 699 scholars. Pop. 1,681. Coventry', t.. Summit co., O. It has 5 sch. 186 scholars. Pop. 1,308. Coventryville, p-v., Coventry t., Chenango CO., N. Y., 114 w. s. w. Albany, 320 W. It con- tains 1 church, 1 store, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., and 15 or 20 dwellings. Covert, p-t., Seneca co., N. Y., 176 w. Alba- ny, 309 W. The surface is elevated and level, and the soil fertile. Drained by several small streams which flow into Cayuga lake. This lake lies on its e. boundary. Organized in 1817. The v. contains 1 store, and 6 or 8 dw ellings. There are in the t., 1 store, cap. $6,000 ; 1 tannery, 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $11,000. 12 sch. 422 scholars. Pop. 1,563. Cove Spring, po., Ralls co.. Mo., 91 n. n. e. Jeflferson city, 915 W. Covesville, p-v., Albemarle co., Va., 92 n. w. by w. Richmond, 142 W. It contains 1 Presby- terian chm-ch, 1 store, 1 tannery, and about 30 inhabitants. Coveville, p-o., Northumberland t., Saratoga CO., N. Y., 33 N. by e. Albany, 403 W. Covington, county, Ala. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 1,664 sq. ms. Drained by Conecuh r. and its branches, and Yellow Water and Pea rivers. The soil is of an inferior quality. Capital, Montezuma. Thexo GOV 156 COX were in 1840, neat cattle 17,532, sheep 695, swine 8 573 • Inii. com 47,946 bush, produced, potatoes 9531 rice 1,770 pounds, cotton 30,305 ; Z stores, cap. '$11,200; 10 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufec. $14,860. 4 sch. 59 scholars. Pop. 1830, 1,522 ; 1840, whites 2,055, slaves 371, free col'd 9 ; total, 2,435. Covington, county. Miss. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 960 sq. ms. Drained by branches of Leaf r., a tributary of the Pascagoula r. The soil for the most part is rather sterile, and covered with light and open pine W'oods. There are some portions of good land. Capital, Williamsburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,102, sheep 1,385, swine 11,765; wheat 2,278 bush, produced. Lid. corn 94,977, oats 3,490, potatoes 20,638, rice 11,755 pounds, cotton 504,266 ; 7 stores, $22,200 ; 2 tanneries, 8 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,450. 1 acad. 30 students, 3 sch. 76 scholars. Pop. 1830, 2,551 ; 1840, whites 1,861, slaves 855, free col'd 1 ; total, 2,717. Covington, p-t., Wyoming co., N. Y., 241 w. by N. Albany, 359 W. The t. was divided on the erection of Wyoming co., in 1841, and the N. half still belongs to Genesee co. by the name of Pavilion. The surface is uneven, and the soil a productive clay loam. The v. contains 1 church, I store, and 15 or 20 dwellings. There are in the t., 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fuUing m., 2 tan- neries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,500. 17 sch. 604 scholars. Pop. 2,438. Covington, p-b., Covington t., Tioga co., Pa., 133 n. Harrisburg, 248 W. Situated on a branch of Tioga cr. Incorporated in 1831. It has 30 or 40 dwellings. It has 3 stores, cap. $16,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,850. 1 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 940. Covington, t., Luzerne co., Pa. Drained by the Lehigh r., which runs on its ,s. E. and s. boundary. It contains the v. of Stoddartsville at the great falls of tlie Lehigh. It has extensive water power, and contains 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 1 flouring m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,450. Pop. 596. Covington, p-v., capital of Alleghany co., Va., 196 w. Richmond, 233 W. Situated on Jackson's r., near the junction of Potts cr., where the west- ern navigation of James r. and its branches ter- minates. It has a court house, jail, and other county buildings, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — an academy, about 60 dwellings, m.any of them of brick and hand- some, 3 stores, and a number of mechanic shops, and about 300 inhabitants. Its situation among the mountains is beautiful and romantic. Covington, p-v., Richmond co., N. C, 123 s W. Raleigh, 397 W. Covington, p-v., capital of Newton co., Ga., 61 N. w. Milledgeville, 043 W. Situated 3h e. of Yellow r., a branch of the Ockmulgee r. It has a court house, jail, 3 churches, and an academy. Two ms. N. of this place is Emery College, under the dircclion of the .Methodists. It was founded in 1837, has a president and 4 professors, or other instructors, and 35 students. Covington, pv., capital of St. Tammany par., La., 45 N. New Orleans, 1,127 W. Situated on a small r. which flows into Lake Pontchartrain. It contauis a court house, and several dwellings. Covi.n'gton, p-v., Tipton co., Tenn., 185 w s w. Nashville, 868 W. Situated on a branch of Big Ilalchy r. Covington, city, p-v., Kenton co., Ky., 85 s. K. Frankfort, 493 \\\ Situated on the Ohio r., at the muuili of Licking cr., on its w. side, directly opposite to Cincinnati, of wliich, from the arrange- ment of the streets, it appears like a continuation. Newport lies on the opposite side of the Licldng. Covington contains 6 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Universalist, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 Christian or Campbellite — 4 academies or high-schools, 18 stores, and 800 dwellings. It has a branch of the Northern Bank of Kentucky, 9 tobacco manufactories, the largest mill for rolling iron in the West, 1 cotton fac, 2 fulling m., 1 bagging and rope fac, 2 slaughter- houses which pack 60,000 hogs annually. The Western Baptist Theological Institute is located here. Pop. 2,026. Covington, p-v., Newbury t., Miami co., O., 77 w. Columbus, 469 W. It is situated on the e. bank of Stillwater r., opposite the entrance of Greenville cr. It is elevated 60 feet above the r., and contains 5 stores, various mechanic shops, and about 60 dwellings. Pop. 331. Covington, p-v., capital of Fountain co., la., 74 w. n. w. Indianapolis, 645 W. Situated on the E. bank of Wabash r. It contains a court house and several stores and dwellings. CowANSviLLE, p-v., RowaD CO., N. C, 134 w. Raleigh, 371 W. Cowan, t., Wayne co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 17 scholars. Pop. 432. Cow Creek, p-o.. Saline co., Mo., 72 n. w. Jefferson city, 997 W. Cowingsiiannock, p-o., Armstrong co.. Pa., 187 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 235 W. CowLESviLLE, p-o., Bennington t., Wyoming CO., N. Y., 268 w. Albany, 374 W. Cowpasture, r., Va., a branch of James r. from the N. CowPER Hill, p-o., Robeson co., N. C, 113 s. s. w. Raleigh, 405 W. CowpENS, p-o., Spartiinburg dist., S. C, 117 N. w. Columbia, 458 W. Situated between Pa- colet and Broad rivers. In this vicinity the Americans, under Gen. Morgan, defeated the British, under Col. Tarleton, Jan. 11th, 1781, in which the American loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners, was 72, and the British, 800. Coweta, county, Ga. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 532 sq. ras. Chatta- hoochee r. runs on its n. w. boundary, and Fluit r. on its e. border. Drained by New r. and Wliite Oak and Cedar creeks. Capital, Nevvnan. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,150, sheep 5,592, swine 2,396 ; wheat55,147 bush, produced, rye 630, Ind. corn 371,753, barley 106, oats 24,735, potatoes 9,117, tobacco 5,275 pounds, cotton 4,556,905 ; 14 stores, cap. 72,000 ; 6 tanne- ries, 2 distilleries, 17 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 print- ing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. m manu- fac. $8,640. 6 aciid. 237 students, 8 sch. 204 scholars. Pop. 1830, 5,003 ; 1840, whites 7,263, slaves 3,078, free col'd 23; total, 10,364. CoxsACKiE, p-t., Greene co., N. Y., 22 s. Al- bany, 12 N. Catskill, 347 W. The surface is level on the e., but hilly and broken on the w. ; soil, clay, and sandy loam. The Hudson rims on Its E. border. Drained by a few small streams, flowing into the Hudson. The v. is 1 m. w. of the landing on Hudson r., and contains 1 Dutch Reformed church, 15 stores, 1 tannery, 80 dwell- ings, and about 500 inhabitants. There are in the t., 3 com. houses, cap. $58,(X>0 ; 31 stores, cap. $97,600 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 prmting office, 1 weekly pajier, 6 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $78,260. 1 acad. 54 students, 12 sch.^ 394 scholars. Pop. 3,539. Cox's Creek, p o., Knox co., Tenn., 175 e. Nashville, 520 W. Cox's Store, p-o., Sampson co., N. C, 114 3. ,s. E. Raleigh, 344 W. CRA 157 CRA Chab Bottom, p-o., Pendleton co., Va., 173 N. w. Richmond, 189 W. Crab Orchard, p-v., Lincoln co., Ky., 62 s s. E. Frankfort, 575 W. It contains 1 church, an academy, and about 300 inhabitants. Crab Run, p-o., Pendleton co., Va., 151 x. w Richmond, 178 W. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and some mechanics. Cracker's Neck, p-o., Greene co., Ga. Crafton, p-v., Pittsylvania co., Va., 167 s. w by w. Richmond, 242 W. It contains 7 dwell- ings, and several mechanic shops. Craftsbury, p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 33 n. by E. Montpelier, 549 W. Watered by Black r., which flows N. into Lake Memphremagog, and by a branch of the Lamoille r., which flows into Lake Champlain. The v. is on elevated ground, commanding a fine prospect, lies round a public green 80 by 24 rods, and is a place of considera- ble business. It has 3 stores, cap. $12,000 , 1 tannery, 1 gri.st m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §2,150. 1 acad. 65 students, 10 sch. 356 schol- ars. Pop. 1,151. Craig's Meadows, p-o., Monroe co.. Pa., 134 N. E. by E. Ilarrisburg, 228 W. Craig, t., Switzerland co., la. It has 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 1,306. Craigsville, p-o., Blooming Grove t., Orange CO., N. Y., 99 w. by s. Albany, 280 W. It con- tains 1 store, 1 paper m., 1 grist m., 1 plaster m., 1 saw m., and 12 or 15 dwellings. Crain's Corners, p-o., Warren t., Herkimer CO., N. Y., 69 w. N. w. Albany, 380 W. Crain's Creek, p-o., Moore co., N. C, 76 s. w. Raleigh, 364 W. Crainsville, p-o., Hardeman co., Tenn., 165 e. w. by w. Nashville, 165 W. CRAxr.ERRY, p-v., Middlesex co., N. J., 22 n. E. Trenton, 183 W. It lies partly in South Brunswick t., and partly in South Amboy t. The surface is level, and the soil light and sandy. The village contains 2 churches, 2 academies, 2 stores, a grist m., 2 tanneries, about 80 dwellings, and 500 inhabitants. Cranberry brook, a tributa- ry of Millstone r., flows through the place. Cranberry, t., Butler co., Pa., 11 s. w. But- ler. The surface is rolling ; soil, loam and clay. Watered by Glade run, and Breakneck and Brush creeks. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,021. 9 sch. 336 scholars. Pop. 1,822. Cranberry, t., Crawford co., O. It has 6 sch. 285 scholars. Pop. 679. Cranberry, p-t., Venango co., Pa., 207 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 287 W. Alleghany r. runs on the n. and w. border. It has 1 store, cap. $5,000 ; 4 fiirnaces, 4 gristm., 3 saw m., 4 sch. 105 schol- ars. Pop. 942. Cranberry Creek, p-o., Mayfield t., Fulton CO., N. Y. Crandell's Ferry, p-o., Whitesides co., 111., 170 n. Springfield, 865 W. Crane Creek, p-o., Greene co.. Mo., 185 s. s. W. JefTerson city, 1,100 W. Cranesville, p-o., Amsterdam t., Montgome- ry CO., N. Y., 29 w. n. w. Albany, 397 W. Cranesville, p-o., Paulding co., O., 166 n. w. Columbus, 518 W. Cranesville, p-v., Daviess co.. Mo. It has in the t., 1 sch. 18 scholars. Pop. 1,269. Cranston, t.. Providence co., R. I., 5 s. w. Providence. The soil is productive in fruits and vegetables for the Providence market, but much of the surface is uneven and rough. Watered by Pawtuxet and Powchasset rivers, which afford water power. It has 11 stores, cap. $8,800; 1 furnace, I fulling m., 4 cotton fac. 3,176 sp., 2 dyeing and print, estab., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $275,705. 10 acad. 424 students, 3 sch. 51 scholars. Pop. 2,962. Craven, county, N. C. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, and contains 1,100 sq. ms. Neuse r. passes through the co., and enters into a wide bay, which connects with Pamlico sound. The surface is level, and often marshy, and the soil is generally fertile. Capital, New Berne. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,55S, sheep 5,683, swine 19,222 ; wheat 3,639 bush, produced, rye 999, Ind. com 143,835, oats 3,85S, potatoes 52,864, rice 18,493 pounds, cotton 66,833 ; 139,027 barrels of tar, pitch and turpentine ; 60 stores, cap. $390,460 ; 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 20 grist m., 11 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- paper. Cap. in manufac. $166,960. 4 acad. 151 students, 8 sch. 252 scholars. Pop. 1830. 14,325 ; 1840, whites 6,624, slaves 5,702, free col'd 1,112; total, 13,433. Cravenville, p-o.. Craven co., N. C, 136 s. E. by E. Raleigh, 364 W. Situated a Uttle w. of the Neuse r. Crawford, county. Pa. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 1,016 sq. ms. Watered by French cr. and its branches, and by Shenango cr. Iron ore is found. Oil cr. affords bituminous oil. It exports cattle and horses. Capital, Meadville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 30,052, sheep 43,392, swine 30,663 ; wheat 125,592 bush, produced, rye 40,455, Ind. corn 178,400, buckwheat 52,518, barley 825, oats 224,897, potatoes 348,252, sugar 214,417 pounds ; 62 stores, cap. $196,200; 2 furnaces, 11 fulling m., 14 tanneries, 14 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 3 flouring m., 39 grist m., 129 saw m., 2 oil m., 2 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $271,855. 1 col- lege, 143 students, 42 sch. 1,037 scholars Pop. 1830, 16,067 ; 1840, 31,724. Crawford, county, Ga. Situated w. of the centre of the state, and contains 360 sq. ms. Flint r. runs on its s. w. border, and a branch of Ocknmlgee r. waters its n. e. part. The soil is sandy, and much of it poor. Capital, Knoxville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,024, sheep 3,200, swine 20,953 ; wheat 19,700 bush, produ- ced, rye 819, Ind. corn 1,494,460, oats 16,328, potatoes 2,665, cotton 4,050,531 pounds ; 12 stores, cap. $102,800; 11 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,700. 9 sch. 279 scholars. Pop. 1830, 5,313 ; 1840, wliites 4,412, slaves 3,568, free col'd 1 ; total, 7,981. Crawford, county, O. Situated toward the N. part of the state, and contains 590 sq. ms. Drained by Sandusky r. and its tributaries. The surface is an elevated table land. Organized in 1826, but constituted in 1820. Capital, Bucyrus. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,761, sheep 14,331, swine 31,725 ; wheat 199,270 bush, pro- duced, rye 15,057, Ind. corn 227,240, buckwheat 7,554, barley 1,541, oats 153,711, potatoes 59,290, sugar 46,917 pounds; 12 stores, cap. $14,270; 7 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 flouring m., 15 grist m., 30 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $9,725. 97 sch. 5,310 scholars. Pop. 1830, 4,778 ; 1840, 13,1.52. Crawford, county, la. Situated in the s. part of the state, and has Ohio r. on its s. e. bor- der. It contains 432 sq. ms. The surface is hilly and broken. Blue r. runs on its e. border. Organized in 1818. Capital, Fredonia. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,679, sheep 4,588, swuie 8,022 ; wheat 22,201 bush, produced, Ind. corn 94,396, oats 41,362, potatoes 4,831, tobacco 21,100 pomids ; 14 stores, cap. $77,200 ; 2 woollen CRA 15S CRA far., 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 8 gnst m., 7 saw m., 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly news- paper. Cap. in manufac. $7,000. 8 sell. 310 scholars. Fop. 5,282. Cr.wvford, county, 111. Situated toward the s. E. part of the state, and contains 426 sq. ins. The Wabash r. runs on its e. border, and Em- barrass r. passes through its s. w. part. Drain- ed by tributaries of these rivers. It has some rich prairies. Capital, Palestine. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,757, sheep 3,837, swine 13,924 ; wheat 15,932 bush, produced, Ind. corn 301,582, oats 36,260, potatoes 5,5)4, tobacco 4,315 pounds, sugar 5,797; 18 stores, cap. $55,650 ; 4 tanneries, 6 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $21,-180. 9 sch. 253 schol- ars. Pop. 4,422. Crawford, county. Wis. Situated in the n w. part of the territory. It ha? the Mississippi r. w., and the Wisconsin r. s. The surface is hilly and mountainous, with rich bottoms along the streams. It abounds with excellent pine timber, and has abundant water power for mills. Capital, Prairie du Chien. There were in 1840, neat cattle 808, swine 66G ; wheat 2,092 bush, produced, Ind. corn 5,258, oats 9,299, potatoes 7,522 ; value of skins and furs, $27,800 ; 5 stores, cap. $38,000 ; 1 grist ra., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $55,000. 2 sch. 42 scholars. Pop. 1,502. Cr.vwford, county. Mo. Situated s. e. of the centre of the state. It contains 1,650 sq. ms. The surface and .soil are various. Drained by Maramec r. and its tributaries. Iron ore abounds and is wrought. The Maramec Iron Works are supplied with water by a large spring, which discharges 30,000 cubic feet of water per minute. Capital, Steelville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,461, sheep 3,851, swine 12,471 ; wheat 14,233 bush, produced, Ind. com 180,555, oats 16,665, potatoes 5,134, tobacco 10,336 pounds, cotton 1,122, sugar 4,954; 11 stores, cap. $20,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 7 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,925. 7 sch. 116 scholars. Pop. 1830, 1,712; 1840, whites 3,377, slaves 184; total, 3,561. Cr.\wford, county, Ark. Situated m the n. w. part of the state. It contains 7,800 sq. ms. Watered by Arkansas r., which passes tlirough the middle of it from w. to e. The surface is various, consisting of mountains and prairies, and wood is found near the streams. Capital, Van Buren. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,860, sheep 1,783, swine 12,491 ; wheat 1.513 bush, produced, Ind. corn 209,549, oats 6,366, potatoes 9,138, cotton 12,825 pound.s ; 5 commer- cial and 2 com. houses, cap. $76,000; 1 lumber- yard, cap. $600 ; 36 stores, cap. $289,200 ; 1 tan- nery. Cap. in manufac. $2,300. 3 sch. 61 schol- ars. Pop. 1830, 2,440; 1840, whites 3,614 slaves G18, free col'd 34 ; total, 4,266. Crawford, p-t.. Orange co., N. Y., 92 s. by W. Albany, 294 W. The .surface is hilly ; soil, clay and sandy loam. Shawangunk r. bounds n on the N. w. It has 7 .stores, cap. $11,300 ; 1 fuUmg m., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 5 grist m' 6 sawm. Cap. in manufac. $24,010. 10 sch 546 scholars. Pop. 2,075. Crawford, t., Washington co., Me. It has 3 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 500. Crawford, t, Coshocton co., O. It has 3 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m Caj). m manufac. $150. Pop. 1,134. Crawford, p-o., Crawford co., O 84 n Cn lumbus, 434 W. Pop. 812. Crawford, t., Buchanan co., Mo. It has 2 sch. 53 scholars. Pop. 930. Crawford, p-v., Estill co., Ky., 98 s. e. Frankfort, 553 W. Situated on the n. bank of the N. Fork of Kentucky r., and contains 10 in- habitants. Crawford, p-o., Decatur co., Ga. Crawford's Mills, p-o., Westmoreland co., Pa., 193 w. Harrisburg, 219 W. Crawfordsville, p-v., capital of TalUafero CO., Ga., 62 N. by e. Milledgeville, 604 W. Sit- uated between Ogeechee and Little rivers. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churches, 1 Bap- tist and 1 Methodist, and an academy. Crawfordsville, p-v., capital of Montgomery CO., la., 45 N. w. by w. Indianapolis, 616 W. Situated on the s. side of Sugar cr. It contains a court house, a U. S. land office, several stores and dwellings. A macadamized road from In- dianapolis to Lafayette passes through this place, and another from New Albany on the Ohio, terminates here. It is the seat of Wabash col- lege, founded in 1833, which has a president and 4 professors, or other instructors, 100 students, and 2,000 vols, in its libraries. The commencement is on the 2d Wednesday in July. There are in the t., 2 acad. 243 students, 4 sch. 127 scholars. Pop. 1,327. Craytonville, p-v., Anderson dist., S. C, 114 w. N. w. Columbia, 542 W. Creagerstown, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 88 n w. Annapolis, 56 W. Creed's Bridge, p-o.. Princess Anne co., Va., 136 s. E. by E. Richmond, 261 W. Creek, t., Washington co.. Pa. It has 4 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 3 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 6 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,050. 12 sch. 566 scholars. Pop. 2,006. Creelsburg , p-v., Russell co., Ky., 109 s. Frankfort, 623 W. Situated on the n. side of Cumberland r. Crete, p-o.. Will co., El., 187 n. e. Spiing- field, 720 W. Crf.ighton's Store, p-o., Brunswick co., Va., 91 w. by s. Richmond, 207 W. Criglersville, p-o., Madison co., Va., 106 n. w. Richmond, 101 W. Cripple Creek, p-o., Greenville dist., S. C, 93 N. w. by w. Columbia, 579 W. Crittenden, county, Ky., taken from Livings- ton CO., in 1842. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 540 sq. ms. Drained by small branches of Ohio and Cumberland rivers. The surface is level ; soil, fertile. Capital, Salem. Crittenden, co.. Ark., situated toward the n E. part of the state, and contains 2,100 sq. miles. The Mississippi runs on its e. border. The sur- face is level, and liable, to a considerable extent, to be overflowed. The soil is highly productive, where it is sufficiently elevated for cultivation. Capital, Marion. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 3,774, sheep 76, swine 4,529 ; Indian corn 69,669 bushels produced, cotton 2,320 pounds ; mercantile cap. $17,294 ; 6 grist m. Pop. 1830. 1,272 ; 1840, whites 196, slaves 454, free col'd 11 ; total, 1,561. Crittenden, p-v.. Grant co., Ky., 60 n. n. e. Frankfort, 518 W. Crittenden, v., Clarke co., Ark., 82 s. w. Little Rock. Crockett's, p-o., Davidson co., Tenn., 15 e, Nashville, 699 W. Crockettsville, p-v., capital of Russell co., Ala., 182 E. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 769 W. It has a court house and a few dwellings. Croghan, t., Lewis co., N. Y., 141 N. w. Al- bany. The surface is hilly and mountainous; soil, various, but fertile in the valleys. Croghax, p-o., Putnam co., O., 110 N. w. Co- lumbus, 475 W. CRO 159 CUB Crogansville, v., is a suburb of Pittsburg, Pa., without the city limits, on the road to Philadel- phia. Crooked Creek, p-o., Tioga co., Pa., 153 n. Harrisburg, 263 W. Crooked Creek, p-o., Stokes co., N. C, 129 W. N. w. Raleigh, 309 W. Crooked Creek, p-o., Talladega co., Ala. Crooked Creek, p-t., Carroll co.. Ark., 205 N. N. w. Little Rock, 1,131 W. It has 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 664. Crooked Creek, p-o., Steuben co., la., 182 N. N. E. Indianapolis, 553 W. Crooked Creek, p-o., Clinton co.. El., 104 s. Springfield, 779 W. Crooked Hill, p-o., Montgomery co., Pa., 75 E. Harrisburg, 168 W. Crooked Lake, in Steuben and Yates cos., N. Y., is 18 miles long, and irom 1 to li wide. The land rises from its shores to a considerable height, presenting beautiful and picturesque scenery. The N. part is divided into 2 branches, separated by Bluff Point, a promontory 800 feet high, which runs a considerable distance between the parts of the lake. The outlet has a fall of 270 feet in 7 miles, and affords excellent water power. It flows into Seneca lake. A canal connects this with Seneca lake, and thence with the Erie canal. Crooked River, t., Ray co.. Mo. Pop. 631. Cromwell, t., Huntingdon co.. Pa. It has 1 store, cap. ,$3,000 ; 3 furnaces, 1 forge, 2 grist ni., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,755. 1 sch. 21 scholars. Pop. 1,140. Cropwell, p-o., St. Clair co., Ala., 109 n. e. Tuscaloosa, 745 W. Crosby, t., Hamilton co., O. It has 3 sch. 89 scholars. Pop. 1,876. Crosbyville, p-v., Chester dist., S. C, 72 n. Columbia, 476 W. Cross Anchor, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 84 N. w. Columbia, 482 W. Crossanville, p-v., Jackson t., Perry county, Ohio. Cross Creek, t., Jefferson co., O., situated on the w. side of Great Miami r. It is well watered by small streams, and highly cultivated. It has 1 store, cap. $800 ; 1 fulling m., 2 flouring m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,800. 6 sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 1,707. Cross Creek Village, p-o., Wasliington co.. Pa., 229 w. Harrisburg, 256 W. Cross Cut, p-o., Beaver co.. Pa. Cross Hill, p-o., Laurens' dist., S. C, 69 w. N. w. Columbia, 517 W. Crossingville, p-v., Crawford co., Pa., 249 N. w. by w. Harrisburg, 322 W. Cross Keys, p-v., Gloucester co., N. J., 46 s. by w. Trenton, 156 W. Cross Keys, p-o., Rockingham co., Va., 123 N. w. Richmond, 138 W. Cross Keys, p-o., Union dist., S. C, 69 n. w. Columbia, 517 W. Cross Keys, p-o., De Kalb co., Ga., 100 n. w. Milledgevi!le,674W. Cross Keys, p-o., Livingston co., Ky. Cross Keys, p-o., Macon co., Ala., 142 s. e. Tuscaloosa, 809 W. Cross Keys, p-o., Roane co., Tenn., 147 e. s. E. Nashville, 558 W. Cross Plains, p-o., Robertson co., Tenn., 34 N. w. Nashville, 696 W. Cross Plains, p-o., Ripley co., la., 78 s. e. Indianapolis, 553 W. Cross Plains, p-o., Callaway co., Mo., 38 n. E. Jefferson city, 917 W. Cross Plains, p-o., Murray co., Ga., 194 n. w. Milledgeville, 615 W. Cross River, p-o., Lewisborongh t., West- chester CO., N. Y., 172 s. Albany, 275 W. Cross Roads, p-o., York co., Pa., 37 s. Harris- burg, 103 W. Cross Roads, p-o., Madison co., O., 53 w. Co- lumbus, 434 W. Cross Roads, p-o., Bedford co., Va., 161 w. by s. Richmond, 236 W. Cross Roads, p-o., Cobb co., Ga., 106 n. w. Milledgeville, 684 W. Cross Roads, p-o., Gasconade co.. Mo., 16 s. e. Jefferson city, 952 W. Crossville, p-o., Forsyth co., Ga., 120 n. w. Milledgeville, 640 W. • Crossville, p-o., Bledsoe co., Tenn., Ill s. e. Nashville, 570 VV. Crosswicks, p-v., Chesterfield t., Burlington CO., N. J., 8 s. s. E. Trenton, 174 W. It is situ- ated on the high s. bank of Crosswick's cr. It has a large Friends church, 6 stores, 1 saw m., 1 grist m., 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Crowder's Creek, p-o.. Lincoln co., N. C, 196 w. by s. Raleigh, 433 W. Crowley's, p-o., Greene co.. Ark., 182 n. e. Little Rock, 1,027 V^. Crow Meadows, p-o., Marshall co., 111., 92 n. Springfield, 785 W. Crown Point, p-t., Essex co., N. Y., 106 n. by e. Albany, 478 W. It has Lake Champlain on its E. border, and near it the land is level ; but toward the w. it is mountainous. The soil is clay loam. Drained by Putnam's cr., and other small streams. Here are the ruins of an old fort, much celebrated by important events in the French and revolutionary wars. They are situated on a point of land, projecting into Lake Champlam, in the N. E. angle of the town ; and are an object of interest to tlie traveller, not only from their his- torical associations, but for the beautiful scenery by which they are surrounded. The v. contains 1 church, 1 store, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 plaster m., and 12 or 15 dwellings. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $19,000; 1 furnace, 2 forges, 2 full- ing m., 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,190. 16 sch. 621 scholars. Pop. 2,212. Crown Point, p-o., capital of Lake county, la., 158 N. N. w. Indianapolis, 702 W. Situated in the centre of Robinson's Prairie, 15 miles s. of Lake Miclugan. It has a coiu-t house, and several dwellings in the vicinity. Crowsville, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 87 N. w. Columbia, 500 W. Croxon, p-o.. Bush Creek t., Jefferson co., O. 138 E. by N. Columbus, 285 W. Croydon, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 48 n. w. Concord, 482 W. The surface is somewhat rough, but the soil is fertile. Drained by Sugar r., which affords good water power. Chartered in 1763, and settled 3 years after. It has 3 stores, cap. $8,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen factory, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 7 sch. 410 scholars. Pop. 956. Croydon Flatt, p-o., Sullivan t. and co., N. IL, 43 N. w. Concord, 477 W. Crucifer, p-o., Henderson co., Tenn., 126 w. s. w. Nashville, 810 W. Crum Elbow, p-o., Hyde Park t., Dutchess CO., N. Y., 69 s. Albany, 309 W. Cuba, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 280 w. by s. Albany, 317 W. Situated on the line of the Genesee Valley canal, and of the New York and Erie railroad. The surface is elevated and undulating, and the soil productive. The village contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, 10 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 1 tannery, 100 dweUings, and about 800 inhabit- CUM 160 CUM ants. There are in the t., 1 furnace, 10 stores, cap. $23,000 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §27,950. 2 sch. 101 schol- ars. Pop. 1,768. Cuba, p-v., Washington t., Clinton cc, O., 78 s. w. Columbus, 431 W. CuB.\, p-o., Fulton CO., 111., 61 n. w. Spring- field, 827 W. Cub Creek, p-o., Charlotte co., Va., 110 s. w Richmond, 197 W. Cub Hill, p-o., Baltimore co., Md. CucKOoviLLE, p-v., Louisa co., Va., 47 n. w. Richmond, 98 W. It confains 1 Reformed Bap- tist or Campbellite church, 1 store, and several mechanic shops. CuDDEBACKViLLE, p-o., Dcerpark t., Orange CO., N. Y., 109 s. by w. Albany, 272 W. CuivRE, t.. Pike CO., Mo. It has 8 schools, 337 scholars. Pop. 2,592. CuivRE, t., St. Charles co., Mo. It has 3 sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 2,093. CuivRE, t. Audrain co.. Mo. Pop. 183. Culbertson's, p-o., Mercer co.. Pa., 234 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 292 W. Culbreath's, p-o., Columbia co., Ga., 116 n. E. by E. Milledgeville, 590 W. Culloden, p-v., Monroe co., Ga., 68 w. Mil- ledgeville, 723 W. Culloden, p-o., Bradley co., Tenn., 150 s. e. NashvUle, 587 W. Culpepper, county, Va., situated toward the N. E. part of the state, and contains 672 sq. ms. Rappahannock river runs on its n. e. boundary, and Rapid Ann on its s. border. Drained by Thornton r. and its branches, and by Mountain or., branches of the Rappahannock r. The sur- face is pleasantly diversified, and the soil fertile. Its chief productions are grain and tobacco. Capital, Fairfax or Culpepper C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,588, sheep 15,234, swine 19,980; wheat 122,376 bushels produced, rye 13,739, Ind. com 389,880, buckwheat 1,709, oats 128,136, potatoes 20,964, silk cocoons 199 pounds, tobacco 28,591, cotton 153 ; 23 stores, capital $125,700 ; 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 15 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 32 grist m., 29 saw m. f ;ap. in manufac. $73,390. 7 acad. 152 students, 25 sch. 617 scholars. Pop. 1830, 24,026; 1840, whites 4,933, slaves 6,069, free col'd 491 ; total, 11,393. Culpepper, C. H., p-v., Culpepper co., Va., 98 N. N. w. Richmond, 82 W. It contains a court house, jail, and clerk's office, on the pubhc square, a Presbytenan, Episcopal, and Baptist church, a masonic hall, 9 stores, a market house, 2 tan- neries, and various machanics, 3 select schools, 1 printing office, and 1 weekly newspaper. Culstia Creek, p-o., Cherokee co., Ala., 166 N. E. Tuscaloosa, 664 W. Cumberland, river, a large river of Ky. and lenn^, vises m Cumberland mountains, near the boundary between Virginia and Kentucky, and pursuing a westerly and s. westerly course, en- ters the slate of Tennessee ; and after an ex- tensive sweep to the s. it turns north west- wardly and nortiierly, and enters and crosses Ih!" .^' "V"^ ''"n^'"' *'••' 0^° '•* miles above the mouth of the Teiuiessoe r., and 59 ms above the mouth of the Ohio. The entire length of the of 17,. ()0 square miles. It is navigable for large steamboats and vessels 203 ms., to Nashville and for boats of 15 tons 300 miles further At certain seasons of high water, vessels of 400 tons may descend the river, 400 miles, to the Ohio; and, for half its length, boals may navigate it at all seasons. 1 he elevation of the sources above the mouth of the river, probably, exceed 1,000 feet. It is the .second river in size which enters the Ohio, being inferior only to the Tennessee. Nashville, an important town, is on the s. side, near the extreme part of its southern bend. Be- low Nashville the river is deep and narrow. Cu.mberlanDj county, Me., situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 990 sq. ms. The soil is fertile, and it is well cultivated. It has several large ponds, the chief of which is Sebago pond, from which a canal extends to Portland. This county has an important seacoast, and enjoys great facilities for commerce. Capital, Portland. There were in 1840, neat cattle 37,586, sheep 59,585, swine 12,033; wheat 38,921 bushels pro- duced, rye 23, 108, Indian corn 160,551, buckwheat; 4,060, barley 59,558, oats 70,318, potatoes 1,139,551, sugar 7,527 pounds; 43 commercial and conmiission houses in foreign trade, cap. $658,500; 429 stores, cap. $708,650; 10 lumber yards, cap. $39,100; 4 furnaces, 15 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 4,000 sp., 45 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 powder m., 7 potteries, 1 flouring m., 60 gi-ist m., 94 saw m., 1 oil m., 10 printing of- fices, 6 binderies, 2 daily, 7 weekly, and 3 semi- weekly newspapers, 4 periodicals. Cap. in man- ufac. $822,166. 1 college, 150 students, 21 acad. 2,415 students, 401 sch. 18,660 scholars. Pop. 1830,60,113; 1840,68,658. Cumberland, coimty, N. J., situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 521 square ms. Organized in 1748. It has Delav^are bay on the s. s. w. Drained by Stow and Cohausey crs., and Maurice and Tuckahoe rivers. It contains iron ore and beds of marl. A salt marsh, from half a mile to two miles wide, extends along Delaware bay. Much of the soil is light, but some of it is fertile. Capital, Bridgetown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,755, sheep 9,310, swine 8,430 ; wheat 42,326 bushels produced, rye 21,723, Ind. corn 200,003, buckwheat 26,349, oats 131,201, potatoes 31,851, hops 356 pounds, 6 commission houses in for. trade, cap. $84,000 ; 32 stores, cap. $131,600; 2 lumber yards, cap. $1,300 ; 1 forge, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 6 distil- leries, 8 glass fac, 1 pottery, 2 flouring m., 28 grist m., 21 saw m., 2 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 bindery, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $467,552. 3 acad. 396 students, 55 sch. 2,913 scholars. Pop. 1830, 14,093 ; 1840, 14,374. Cumberland, county. Pa., situated s. e. of the centre of the state, and contains 544 square miles. Drained by Conedogwinet creek, and Vellow Breeches cr., both tributaries of the Susquehanna. The surface is moderately hilly, and the soil very fertile. It contains iron ore. Capital, Car- lisle. There were in 1840, neat cattle 24,201, sheep 23,930, swine 47,235 ; wheat 587,654 bush, produced, rye 247,239, Ind. corn 645,056, buck- wheat 13,772, barley 11,104, oats 631,477, pota- toes 121,641, hops 4,812 pounds; 11 commission houses in foreign trade, cap. $22,500; 112 stores, cap. $318,146; 13 lumber yards, cap. $42,350; 6 furnaces, 5 forges, 12 fulling m., 9 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 31 tanneries, 28 distilleries, 3 brew- eries, 1 pottery, 54 flouring m., 5 grist m., 63 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 5 printing offices, 2 binderies, 6 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- fac $390,601. 3 acad. 115 students, 12 sch. 583 scholars. Pop. 1830, 29,223 ; 1840, 30,953. Cumberland, county, Va., situated s. e. of the centre of the state, and contains 320 sq. ms. Organized in 1748. The Appomattox river runs on its s. E. border. Drained by Willis r. The surface is moderately hilly, and the soil is fertile. Capital, Cumberland C. H. Tliere were in 1840, neat cattle 5,855, sheep 9,597, swine 10,131 ; wheat CUM 161 CUM 61,247 bushels produced, Ind. corn 247,203, oats 121,507, hops 116 pounds, tobacco 2,895,930, tot- ton 23,143; 16 stores, cap. $163,300; 1 lumber yard, cap. $1,1)00; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 12 flouring m., 15 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- fae. .fil07,475. 15 sch. 263 scholars. Pop. 1830, 11,689; 1840, whites 3,263, slaves 6,781, free cord355; total, 10,399. CtTMBERLA.ND, county, N. C, situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 1,300 square miles. Drained by tape Fear river and branches. Sur- face, undulating ; soil, fertile. Capital, Fayette- ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,178, sheep 15,164, swine 28,974; wheat 6,037 busliels prod., rye 3,019, Ind. corn 291,630, oats 16,577, po- tatoes 62,993, cotton 459,747 lbs; 51 stores, cap. 372,400 ; 8 cotton fac. 14,234 sp., I flouring m., 90 grist m., 61 saw m., 2 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Capital in manufactures $384,000. 4 acad. 150 students, 4 sch. 95 schol- ars. Pop. 1830, 14,824; 1840, whites 9,030, slaves 5,392, free col'd 862 ; total, 15,284. Cumberland, county, Ky., situated on the s. border of the state, and contains 270 square m. Cumberland river flows centrally through it. Surface, uneven ; soil, fertile. Capital, Burkes- ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,257, sheep 7,437, swine 37,970 ; wheat 32,937 bushels produced, rye 3,265, Indian corn 496,006, oats 56,509, potatoes 18,990, tobacco 1,480,816 pounds, cotton 45,595, sugar 1,931 ; 6 commission houses in for. trade, cap. $23,000 ; 11 stores, cap. iS!37,075 ; 7 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufao. §4,350. 8 sch. 193 scholars. Pop. whites 4,571, slaves 1,485, free colored 34 ; total, 6,090. Cumberland, p-t., Cumberland co., Me., 42 s. s. w. Augusta, 553 W. It is pleasantly situated on Casco bay, wliich affords it connnercial ad- vantages. Organized from North Yarmouth, in 1821. It has 3 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fulhng m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,350. 15 sch. 652 scholars. Pop. 1,616. Cumberland, p-v., capital of Alleghany co., Md., 166 w. N. w. Annapolis, 134 W. Situated on the N. bank of Potomac r., at the mouth of Will's cr. It contains a court house, jail, a mar- ket house, a bank, 5 churches — 1 German Lu- theran, 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Roman Catholic — 3 flouring m., and 2 printing offices, issuhig weekly newspapers. Stone coal abounds in the vicinity, and is trans- ported down the Potomac. The Cumberland or national road, which proceeds w. to the Ohio, and through the Western States, commences here. Tiie Chesapeake and Ohio canal and the Baltimore and Ohio rail r. pass through this place. Cumberland, t., Adams co.. Pa. Rock creek bounds it on the e., and Marsh creek on the w., which unite a little below the town. The former receives Bear run, and the latter Willoughhy run, in the t. Gettysburg b. lies in the E. part of the town. The t. has 1 store, cap. §1,8(X) ; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 4 grist m., 3 saw m., 7 sch. 315 scholars. Pop. 1,217. Cumberland, p-v., Guernsey co., Ohio, 93 e. Columbus, 314 W. Situated on Buffalo Fork of Will's cr. It has 3 churches, 4 stores, and about 30 dwelhngs, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 1 steam carding and fulling m. Cumberland, p-v., Marion co., la., 10 E. In- dianapolis, 561 W. Situated on the national road. Cumberland, p-o., Fayette co.. 111., 87 s. s. e. Springfield, 735 W. Cumberland, C. H., p-v., Cumberland co., Va., 52 w. by s. Richmond, 142 W. Situated on 21 a high and healthy ridge, between Willis r. and Appomattox r. It contains a court house and otner coimty buildings, 1 church, free to all deno- minations, 1 store, and several mechanics. Pop. 30 whites, 60 col'd ; total, 90. Cumberland, t., Green co.. Pa., 11 E.Waynes- burg. The sm-face is level ; soil, loam. Drained by Muddy cr., a branch of Monongahela r. It con- tains the V. of Lisburn. It has 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 8 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,195. 1 acad. 42 Students, 4 sch. 94 scholars. Pop. 1,958. Cumberland, t., Providence co., R. I., 8 n. Providence. Abbott's, Mill, and Peter's rivers afford good water power. Some part of the sur- face is hilly, and chiefly adapted to grazing ; but other parts are fertile, and well adapted to culti- vation. It supplies many articles for the Pro- vidence market, and has considerable manufac- tures of cotton and wool, and boats are exten- sively built. It has 29 stores, cap. $41,550; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 22 cotton fac. 59,711 sp., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $996,419. 1 acad. 30 students, 27 sch. 1,357 scholars. Pop. 5,225. Cumberland Ford, p-o., Knox co., Ky., 135 s. e. Frankfort, 503 W. Situated at the crossing of the Great Western road, over the Cumberland r. Cumberland Gap, p-o., Claiborne co., Tenn., 17 s. Cumberland Ford, 233 e. by n. Nashville, 486 W. Situated at the passage of the Cumber- land mountains. There are several extensive caves in the vicinity, extending into the states of Virginia and Kentucky. Tliere are a few dwellings in the neighborhood. It is a distribut- ing post-office. Cumberland Hill, p-v., Cumberland t.. Pro- vidence CO., R. I., 16 n. by w. Providence, 419 W. Situated on the n. e. side of Blacksione r. It contains a Baptist church, a bank, and several neat dwellings. Cumberland Iron Works, p-o., Stewart co., Tenn., 69 n. w. Nashville, 754 W. Situated on the s. bank of Cumberland r., 6 e. Dover. Cumberland, island, Camden co., Ga., on the coast, 15 ms. long, and from 1 to 5 broad. CuMUERi^\ND Centre, p-o., Cumberland t. and CO., Me., 49 s. s. w, Augusta, 554 W. Cumberland Mountains, Tenn. The range commences in the s. w. part of Pa., and m Va. It takes the name of Laurel mt., passes through the s. E. part of Ky. and Tenn., and terminates in Northern Alabama. Cumberland Valley, t., Bedford co., Pa., situated between Evils mt. e. and Will's mt. w. Evits cr. runs through the t. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,190. 2 sch. 46 scholars. Pop. 904. CuMMiNG, p-v., capital of Forsyth co.,Ga., 109 N. w. Milledgeville, 641 W. Situated 9 w. Chat- tahoochee r. It has a court house and several dwellings. CuMMiNGS,p-t., Lycoming CO., Pa., Ill N.Har- risburg, 221 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 3 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,450. 3 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 569. Cummingsville, p o., Hamilton co., O., 121 s. w. Columbus, 497 W. CuMMiNGTON, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., Ill w. Boston, 399 W". The surface is uneven, but the soil is good for grazing. Watered by 'West- field river, which affords good water power. In- corporated in 1779. It has 5 stores, cap. $10,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton lac 650 sp 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 3 grist m-, 5 sawm. Cap CUR 162 CUY in manufac. $31,800. 16 sch. 464 scholars. Pop. 1,237. CuMMiNGTON, p-0., Macoupin CO., 111. CuMiMiNGTON W. VILLAGE, p-v., Cummington t., Hampshire co., Mass., 116 \v. Boston, 404 W. Situated on the Westfield r. It has several man- ufactories and neat dwellings. CuMRU, t., Berks co., Pa. The surface is partly liilly, and partly level ; soil, a productive calcareous loam and gravel. Watered by Tulpehoeken and Schuylkill rivers, and their tributaries. It contains a church, common to Lutherans and Presbyterians, and the county poor house, to wliich a farm is attached. It has 1 store, cap. §'2,500; 1 furnace, 2 forges, 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 12 flourmg m., 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,180. Pop. 2,939. Cunningham's Store, p-c, Person co., N. C, 84 N. N. w. Raleigh, 240 W. Cunningham, p-c, Putnam co., O., 107 n. w. Columbus, 478 W. Cu.nningham's Island, in the w. part of Lake Erie, a short distance north of the entrance into Sandusky bay. It is of considerable extent, fer- tile and populous, and is a part of the county of Ottawa. CuRDSviLLE, p-o., Buckingham co., Va., 68 w. Richmond, 158 W. Cureto.n's Store, p-o., Lancaster dist., S. C, 82 N. N. E. Columbia, 424 W. CuRLSviLLE, p-o., Armstrong co.. Pa. Currahee Mountain, p-o., Habersham co., Ga., 126 N. Milledgeville, 600 W. Situated near the base of a mountain of the same name, the southern terminus of the Blue ridge. Curraway, p-o., Crawford co., la., 115 w. by s. Indianapolis, 646 W. Curran, p-o., Gallatin co., 111., 179 s. s. e. Springfield, 788 W. Current, river, Mo. and Ark., rises in the Ozark ridge, and after a southerly course of about 150 ms. enters Black r. Current River, t.. Pope co.. Ark. It has 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 358. Ccrrey's, p-c, Jefterson co., Ky., 72 w. Frankfort, 614 W. Currituck, Island, Sound and Inlet, Curri- tuck CO., N. C. The island is 30 ms. long, and 2 broad, and encloses the sound, which is 50 ms. long, and from 1 to 10 broad, and has no great depth. The inlet is an entrance into this sound between 2 islands. Currituck, county, N. C. Situated in the n. E. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. The surface is level, and some part of it is marshy. Currituck sound separates it into 2 parts, and affords facilities for navigation. It comprehends the entire sea coast of North Carolina from the Virginia line, to a point 20 ms. s. w. of Cape Hatteras, mcluding Roanoke I. Capital, Currituck. There wore in 1840, neat cattle 5,919, sheep 4,590, swine 13,220; wheat 7,685 bush, produced, Ind. corn 213,.595, oats 7,084, potatoes 52,H60 ; 400 bush, salt produced. 5 sch. 117 scholars. Pop. 1830, 7,654; 1840, whites 4,554, slaves 2,100, free col'd 149 ; total, 6,703. Currituck, C. H., p-v., Currituck co., N. C, 242 e n k Raleigh, 270 W. It stands on the w. side of Currituck sound, and contains a court house, and several dwellings. CuRREYSviLLE, p-o., Sullivan co., la 85 s w. by w. Indianapolis, 656 W. ' CuRTisviLLE. p-v., Si()ckbrid<;e t., Berkshire CO., 3Iass., 136 w. Boston, 366 W. It has 2 cot- ion fac, 1 chah- lac, and several dwelling,'?. CuRWi.xsviLLE, p-v., Clearfield cc, Pa., 132 N. w. by w. Harrisburg, 224 W. Situated on the N. w. side of Anderson's cr., near its junc- tion with the w. branch of Susquehanna r, Cushing, p-t., Lincoln co., Me., 50 s. e. Au- gusta, 627 W. It is bounded by St. George r. e., and the Atlantic s. Incorporated in 1789. It was settled early by Irish emigrants. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 saw m., 6 sch. 312 scholars. Pop. 790. Cussawago, p-t., Crawford co., Pa., 246 n. w. by w. Harrisburg, 319 W. It has 1 store, 1 grist in., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,600. 7 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 1,269. Cusseta, p-v.. Chambers cc, Ala., 172 e. s. e. Tuscaloosa, 767 W. Custards, p-v., Crawford cc. Pa., 240 n. w. by w. Harrisburg, 298 W. CuTCHOGUE. p-v., Southold t., Suffolk CO., INT. Y., 238.S. s. E. Albany, 218 W. It contains 2 churches, and about 40 dwellings. CuTHBERT, p-v., Capital of Randolph co., Ga., 158 s. \v. Milledgeville, 814 W. It contains a court house, and a few dwellings. Cutler, p-t., Washington co.. Me. It has the Atlantic ocean on the s. e., and Machias bay w., and has a good harbor. It has 4 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,000. 7 sch. 276 scholars. Pop. 657. Cut Off, po., Walton co., Ga. CuTTiNGSviLLE, D-v., Rutland co., Vt., 72 s. s, w. Montpelier, 46b W. Cuyahoga, river, O., rises in the central parts of Geauga co., and runs southwardly through Portage co., where it gradually turns and pro- ceeds through Sununil and Cuyahoga counties, in a direction n. n. w. to its entrance into Lake Erie, at Cleveland. Its whole length is over 60 miles, and it is one of the most important rivers in northern Ohio. It has u number of falls, which afford excellent mill seats, and it is less affected by drought in t!ie summer, than most other streams. The Ohio canal runs along the valley of this r., about 25 miles to near Akron, and crosses it in an aqueduct at Boston, 23 s. of Cleveland. Cuyahoga, county, O., situated in the N. part of the state, is bounded n. by Lake Erie. It contains 475 sq. ms. Watered by Cuyahoga and Rocky rivers, which enter Lake Erie. The surface is level, inclining to the n. ; soil, fertile. Capital, Cleveland. There were in 1810, neat cattle 22,260, sheep 30,396, swine 17,669 ; wheat 106,580 bush, produced, rye 2,104, Ind. corn 180,781, buckwheat 5,949, barley 1,016, oats 101,398, potatoes 149,891, tobacco 2,000 pounds ; 2S commission houses in for. trade, cap. $60,000 ; 93 stores, cap. $188,700 ; 3 lumber yard.s, cap. $3,000 ; 4 furnaces, 6 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 13 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 6 floming m., 15 grist m., 70 saw m., 1 oil m., 5 printing offices, 1 periodical, 1 daily, 4 weekly nev^'spa- pers. Cap. in manufac. $153,982. 6 acad. 188 students, 168 sch. 7,953 scholars. Pop. 1830, 10,360 ; 1840, 26,506. Cuyahoga Falls, p-v.. Summit co., O., 128 N. E. Columbus, 335 W. This romantic and pleasant village is situated on the Cuyahoga r., which here passes through a deep channel in the rocks, and by successive leaps, falls in a short distance 240 feet, creating a great water power, which has been considerably employed in mills and manufactories. The Pennsylvania and Ohio canal passes through the place, and unites with the Ohio canal a few miles w. at Akron. In the town of Tallmadge, in the immediate vicinity, is a bed of excellent bituminous coal, which is DAI 163 DAL extensively mined. There are in the v., 2 churches, a lyceum, an academy, and a consi- derable number of stores and manufactories, among wliich those of paper are very exten- sive. CuvLER. p-o., Truxton t., Cortland co., N. Y., 125 w. Albany, 337 W. CuYLERsviLLE, p-o., Livingston CO., N. Y. Cynthiana, p-v.. Perry t.. Pike co., O., 75 s. Columbus, 429 W. Cynthiana, t, Shelby co., O. It has 1 store, cap. $500 ; 1 tannery. Cap. ia manufac. $1,100. 1 sell. 25 scholars. Pop. 1,022. Cynthiana, p-v., capital of Harrison co., Ky., 37 N. E. Frankfort, 505 W. Situated on e. side of the south fork of Licking r. It has a court house, jail, several stores, 3 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 79S. Cynthiana, p-v., Posey co., Ia., 158 s. w. In- dianapolis, 728' W. Cypress, p-o.. Union co., Ky., 233 w. s. w. Frankfort, 760 W. Cypress, p-o., Darlington dist., S. C, 92 e. n. E. Columbia, 490 W. Cypres.>3 Creek, p-o., Lafayette co.. Miss., 172 N. N. E. Jackson, 899 W. Cyruston, p-v., Lincoln co., Tenn., 97 s. Nashville, 726 W. D. Dabney's Mills, p-o., Louisa cc, Va., 56 n. w. Richmond, 81 W. Situated on North Anna r. It has 1 saw m., 1 tannerjr, and several me- chanics. Dacheet, r., rises in Ark., and flowing into La., enters Lake Bistineau. Dacusville, p-v., Pickens dist., S. C, 129 w. n. w. Columbia, 524 W. Dade, county, Ga. Situated in the n. w. cor- ner of tlie state, and contains 225 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Lookout cr., a branch of Tennessee r. The surface is mountainous, with fertile valleys. Capital, Trenton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,545, sheep 1,013, swine 5,373; wheat 3,940 bush, produced, Ind. corn 77,810, oats 7,547, potatoes 2,701, tobacco 1,331 pounds, cot- ton 32,904 ; 8 stores, cap. $9,550 ; 3 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Pop. whites 1,2S5, slaves 79 ; total, 1,364. Dade, county, Flor. Situated on the e. side of the Peninsula, on the Gulf of Florida. It contains about 500 sq. ms. It has several keys or islands on the coast. Along the sea coast, the land is capable of cultivation, and is fertile. In the N. part is the Everglades, a tract of grass meadow, covered from 1 to 6 feet deep with water, sprinkled all over with islets of rich land and cypress swamps. These islands were favorite places of resort for the Seminoles during the late war. One of them was found to contain 150 cabins, cultivated fields, and 700 head of cattle. It has some tracts of fertile land. Capital, Key Biscaynne. There were in 1840, 2 stores, cap. $15,000. Cap. in manufac. $4,300. 1 sch. 28 scholars. Pop. whites 412, slaves 30, free col'd 4 ; total, 446 Dade, county, Mo. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 960 sq. ms. Drained by Pouime de Terre r. and branches. Surface undulating, soil fertile. Capita], Greenfield. Dadeville, pv., capital of Tallapoosa co., Ala., 140 e. s. e. Tuscaloosa, 793 W. Situated on a small eminence, 6 e. Tallapoosa r., 3T n. e. Wetumpka. It contains a court house, and other county buildings. Daggett's Mills, p-o., Tioga co.. Pa., 157 n. Harrisburg, 267 W. Dagsborough, p-v., and hundred, Sussex co., Del., 5 1 s. s. E. Dover, 141 W. It is situated on Pepper cr., which flows into Rehobolh bay. There are in the hundred, 12 stores, cap. $18,410 ; 3 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,500. 9 sch. 233 scholars. Pop. 2,324. Dahlo.xega, p-v, capital of Lumpkin co., Ga., 140 N. N. w. Milledgevillc, 620 W. Situated be- tween Chestat.ee and Etowah rivers, and is the seat of a branch of the United States Mint. It has a court house, and several stores and dwellings. Dailey's Cross Roads, p-o., Lowndes co., Miss., 131 N. E. Jackson, 905 W. Dale, county, Ala. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 1,064 sq. ms. Drained by the branches of Choctawhatchee r. Tlie sur- face is generally level, with a barren soil cover- ed with pine, excepting the river swamp and hammocks, which are very productive. Capital, Dale\allc. There were in 1840, neat cattle 15,484, sheep 656, swine 12,070; wheat 1,865, bush, produced, Ind. corn 96,224, potatoes 11,777, rice 3,015 pounds, cotton 231,929, sugar 2,813; 6 stores, cap. $6,700 ; 18 grist m., 5 saw m.,5 sch. 71 scholars. Pop. whites 6,809, slaves 580, free col'd 8 ; total, 7,397. Dale, p-o., Berks co.. Pa., 75 e. Harrisburg, 168 W. Dale, C. H., called Daleville, p-v., capital of Dale CO., Ala., 222 s. e. Tuscaloosa, 871 W. Situated on the w. side of a branch of Choctaw- hatchee r. It contains a court house, and several dwellings. Daleville, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa., 147 n. e. Harrisburg, 244 W. Daleville, p-v., Lauderdale co.. Miss., 104 E. Jackson, 918 W. Dallas, county, Ala. Situated near the cen- tre of ihe state, and contains 925 sq. ms. The Ala- bama river passes through it, and receives the Cahaba r. from the n., at the centre of the county. Surface undulating, soil on the margins very fertile. Capital. Cahaba. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,379, sheep 4,431, swine 30,886; wheat ]2,3S8 bush, produced, rye 2,004, Ind. corn 4'!C,120, oats 34,494, potatoes 31,808, rice 10,750 pounds, cotton 2,223,332; 6 stores, cap. .$350,000; 1 tannery, 18 grist m., 14 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $20,240. 7 acad. 189 students, 10 sch. 195 scholars. Pop. 1830,14,017; 1840, whites 7,922, .slaves 17,208, free col'd 69 ; total, 25,199. Dallas, p-t., Luzerne co., Pa., 133 n. e. Har- risburg, 242 W. The surfoce is uneven and mountainous ; soil, gravel, loam, and slate. Har- vey's lake, a beautiful .sheet of water, lies in tliis t., and its outlet and some other streams afford water power. It has 1 distillery, 3 sawm. Cap. in manufac. $1,700. 4 sch. 144 scholars. Pop. 806. Dalmatia, p-v., Northumberland co., Pa., 40 N. Harrisburg, 15!) W. Dalto.v, p-t., Coos CO., N. H., 96 n. by w. Concord, 557 W. Connecticut r. runs on its n. w. boundary, and the Fifteen Mile Falls com- mence in this town. Watered by St. Johns r. Incorporated in 1784. The surface is uneven, and the soil fertile, well adajited to grazing. It has 1 store, cap. $1,.500 ; 1 gri.st m., 2 saw m., 6 sch. 190 scholars. Pop. 664. Dalton, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 125 w. Boston, 3S2 W. Watered by branches of Housa- tonic r., which afford water power. The surface DAN 164 DAN 18 generally level, and the soil fertile. It has 4 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 paper fac, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $193,700. 6 sch. 218 scholars. Pop. 1,255. Dalton, p-o., Sugar Creek t., Wayne co., O., 106 N. E. Columbus, 331 W. Dalton, p-v., Wayne co., la., 80 E. Indiana- polis, 527 W. Da.>iariscotta Mills, p-v., Lincoln co., Me., 30 s. E. Augusta, 598 W. Situated at the outlet of Damariscotta pond, between New Castle and Nobleboro. Here are a number of mills, a village, and a small Roman Catholic church. Damariscotta, r.. Me., may be regarded as an arm of the sea. It receives the outlet of Damariscotta pond, and is navigable for large vessels, 16 miles to the bridge, between New Castle and Nobleboro. Many vessels are built on this river, and much lumber is exported from it. Damascoville, p-v., Columbiana county, O., 174 N. E. by E. Columbus, 295 W. The village called Damascus is in Goshen and Butler ts. It has 3 or 4 stores, and from 25 to 30 dwellings. It is in the midst of a fertile country. Damascus, p-t,, Wayne co., Pa., 190 n. n. E. Harrisburg, 293 VV. Situated on the w. bank of Delaware r. The village has 1 Baptist church, 1 store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. A bridge 550 feet long here crosses the Delaware r. There are in the t., 2 stores, cap. ,$5,000 ; 9 sch. 229 scholars. Pop. 957. Damascus, p-v., Montgomery county, Md., 70 N. w. Annapolis, 40 W. Damascus, p-v., Henry co., O., 147 n. w. Co- lumbus, 478 W. The v. is situated on the n. side of Maumee r. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 3 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 495. Damascus, p-v., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 107 N. w. Columbia, 568 W. Dan, r., N. C. and Va., runs mostly in the lat- ter, and uniting with Stanton r. forms the Roan- oke r. It has falls of 23 feet at Danville ; but, by a canal around them, is navigable 100 miles from its mouth. Dana, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 69 w. Boston, 397 W. Watered by a branch of Swift r. In- corporated in 1781. Palm leaf hats are here manufactured extensively. It has 2 stores; cap. $10,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap in manufac. $35,500. 7 sch. 200 scholars. Pod 691. ^ DANnoRouGH, p-v., Plumstead t., Bucks cc, Pa., 103 E. Harrisburg, 165 W. It contains a store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Danburg, pv., Wilkes co., Ga., 88 n. n. e Milledgeville, 560 W. Danbury, t., Ottawa co., O. It has 2 schools, 65 scholars. Pop. 515. Danrury, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 23 n. w. Concord, 503 VV Watered by Smith's r. The surface is uneven, but there are intervals on the streams. Incorporated in 1795, though settled over 20 years before. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 1 tannery, 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,800! 10 schools, 233 scholars. Pop. 800. Danbury, p-t., semi-capitalof Fairfield, co Ct 68 s. w. Hartford, 292 W. The surface is agree- ably diversifi(-(l, and the soil is fertile The borough IS a pleasant village, built chiefly on one street, more than a mile in length. It contains a court hou.-p. 6 churc^iies— 1 Baptist, 1 Conero- galional, 1 Episcopal, ) Methodist, 1 Universal- ist. 1 Sandemanian— and over 200 houses Still river, a branch of the Hou.satonic, passes through the town, and affords a good water power The town was incorporated in 1696. It was burned by the British during the Revolutionary war April 26th, 1777, with a large amount of military stores. In the battle which occurred, the Ameri- can General Wooster was killed. It has 13 stores, cap. $34,400; 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $192,200. 1 acad. 70 students, 20 sch. 742 scholars. Pop. 4,504. Danby, p-t., Rutland county, Vt., 80 s. by w. Montpelier, 443 W. The surface is mountainous, but the soil is fertile, and particularly adapted to grazing ; and it has extensive dairies. First settled in 1768. Drained by the head waters of Otter creek. It has 4 stores, cap. $8,800 ; 2 tan- neries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. C ap. in manufac. $12,810. 12 sch. 505 scholars. Pop. 1,379. Danby, p-t,, Tompkins co., N. Y., 168 w. s. w. Albany, 289 W. The surface is hilly, and the soil a gi-avelly loam. Drained by Cattotong cr. and its tributaries. The v. contains one Presby- terian and 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, 90 dwell- ings, and about 500 inhabitants. There are in the t., 3 stores, cap. $11,300 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 27 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,430. 20 sch. 856 scholars. Pop. 2,570. Danby Four Corners, p-o., Danby t., Rut- land CO., Vt., 82 s. by w. Montpelier, 437 W. Dancyville, p-o., Haywood co., Tenn., 183 w. s. w. Nashville, 868 W. Dandridge, p-v., capital of Jefferson county, Tenn., 229 e. Nashville, 482 W. Situated on the Pf. bank of French Broad r. It contains a court house, jail, and several stores and dwellings. Dane, county, Wis. ter., central in the s. part of the ter., and contains 1,234 sq. ms. The sur- face is level, and the soil very fertile. The Four Lakes are beautiful sheets of water, near the cen- tre of the county, and aboimd with excellent fish. The river of the Four Lakes forms their outlet, and drains the county. Capital, Madison. There were in 1840, neat catlle 510, sheep 5, swine 628 ; wheat 290 bushels produced, Indian corn 3,080, oats 10,250, potatoes 8,450 ; 3 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 2 smelting tiouses, producing 200,000 pounds of lead, and employing 6 persons and a capital of $2,000 ; 1 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. m manufac. $9,750. Pop. 314. Daniel's Prairie, p-o., Greene co., Ala., 43 s. w. Tuscaloosa, 861 W. Danielsville, p-v., capital of Madison co., Ga., 91 N. Milledgeville, 599 W. It contains a court house, jail, an academy, and 15 houses and stores. Danielsville, p-v., Spottsylvania co., Va., 85 N. w. Richmond, 84 W. Situated in the midst of the gold region. Dansville, t., Steuben co., N. Y., 230 w. by s. Albany. Surface, undulating; soil, gravelly loam and clay. Drained by tributaries of Canis- teo r. and Canaseraga cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $10,500; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $18,970. 24 sch. 85S schol- ars. Pop. 2,725. Dansville, p-v., Sparta t, Livingston co., N. Y., 238 w. Albany, 329 W. Situated on Cana- seraga cr., which has a succession of falls of about 60 feet in one mile and a half It contains 4 churches — 2 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Ger- man Lutheran — a bank, 25 stores, 4 paper m., 2 flouring m., 2 furnaces, 1 tannery, 250 dwellings, and about 1,600 inhabitants. The Dans\-ille branch of the Genesee Valley canal extends from this place. Danube, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 70 w. n. w. Albany, 393 W. The surface is undulating; ; soil, a fertile, sandy, and calcareous loam. Drain I ed by Nowadaga cr., a branch of the Mohawk, DAN 165 DAR which last bounds the town on the n. It has 7 stores, cap. $17,700 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $10,000 ; 1 fulling in., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2gri.st in., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,910. 8 sch. 830 scholars. Pop. 1,060. Danvers, p-t., Essex co., Mass., 16 n. Boston, 2 N. w. Salem, 45(5 W. The soil is fertile, and well cultivated. The principal v. is a continua- tion of the streets of Salem, of which it is virtu- a!ly a suburb. It contains 3 churches — 1 Con- gregational, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Universalist, — and a little to the w. is anotlier Congregational church. There is another v. further n., on Beverly river, which contains a Congregational and a Baptist church. At this village, ship building is a con- siderable bu,siness. Both these villages can be approached by vessels, and have considerable manufactures, and some trade. It has 15 stores, cap. $57,600 ; 21 tanneries, 4 potteries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $362,800, principally in leather. 13 sch. 1,257 scholars. Pop. 5,020. D.wviLLE, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 42 s. w. Augusta, 372 W. The Androscoggin r. nms on its N. E. border, and it is drained by one of its tributaries. It is a good farming t., and has 3 stores, cap. $1,100 ; 1 woollen fac, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,350. 1 acad. 100 students, 9 sch. 450 scholars. JPop. 1,294. Danville, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 30 s. K. Concord, 471 W. Incorporated in 1760. Achusnut r. passes through the .\. w. part of the t. The surface is uneven, and the soil in some parts good. It has 3 stores, cap. $1,200 ; 1 saw ra., 3 sch. 178 scholars. Pop. 5.38. Danville, p-t., capital of Caledonia co., Vt., 30 N. E. Montpelier, 543 W. Watered by Mer- rill's r., and other branches of Pasumsic r., which afford good water power. C'harlered in 1786, and re-charlered in 1792. The E. pari is beauti- fully diversified and fertile ; the w. part is more broken, and less productive. The v. is pleasant- ly situated, near the centre of the t., on elevated land, in the midst of a beautiful farming country, it has a court house, jail, 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist church, and a printing office, which issues a weekly newspaper. It is a nourishing v., with considerable trade. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $15,100 ; 4 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 tan- neries, 6 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $63,700. 20 sch. 920 scholars. Pop. 2,633. Danville, p-o., Warren co., N. J., 67 n. by w. Trenton, 225 W. Danville, p-v., capital of Columbia co.. Pa., 71 N. by E. Harrisburg, 181 W. It is situated on the N. side of the n. branch of the Susquehanna r., at the entrance of Mahoning cr. It contains 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal — an academy, a considerable number of stores, and about 1,000 inhabitants. A bridge here crosses the Susquehanna river. Danville, pv., Pittsylvania co., Va., 164 s. w. by w. Richmond, 251 W. Situated on Dan r., one of the constituents of the Roanoke. The river liere has falls which afford good water power. The ground on which the village is built rises gradually irom the river until it attains to a commanding eminence, presenting a delight- ful view of the place and the surrounding coun- try. Tills place has a boatable communication as far as the falls of the Roanoke, and has be- come the centre of an. extensive trade. It con- tains 2 banking houses, a masonic hall, 2 t(jbacco warehouses, a considerable number of stores, 1 iron foundry, a printing office, issuing a weekly newsjiaper, nearly 200 dwellings, and about 1,200 inhabitants. Its manufacturing advantages are but partially developed. Danville, p-v.. Union t., Knox co., O., 65 n. E. Columbus, 366 W. It is surrounded by a fine agricultural country, and contains 1 Methodist church, 4 or 5 stores, and 3 or 400 inhabitants. Danville, p-v., cap. of Boyle co., Ky., 41 s by w. Frankfort, 555 W. Situated 3 miles s. w of Dick's r., on a small cr., wliich enters into it. It contains about 200 stores and dwellings, and the Kentucky Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb. It is the seat of Centre College. This college was founded in 1822; has a president and 7 pro- fessors, or other instructors, 66 students, and 2,000 vols, in its libraries. The commencement is on the Thursday after the 3d Wednesday in Sep- tember. It has 4 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Episco- pal, 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian — 2 acad. 100 students, 1 sch. 34 scholars. Pop. 1,223. Da.nville, p-v., Sumter co., Ga., 100 s. w. Milledgeville, 757 W. Situated on the w. bank of Flint r. Danville, p-v., capital of Hendricks co., la., 20 w. Indianapolis, 591 W. Situated on the w. side of White Lick creek. It contains a court house, jail, a church, 4 stores, and about 300 inhabitants. Danville, p-v., capital of Vermillion co.. III., 130 E. by N. Springfield, 657 W. Situated on the N. side of Vermillion r., near the entrance of the N. fork. It is on a dry, sandy, and elevated .sur- face, with an open prairie on the s. ; but on other sides surrounded by a heavy growth of timber. It has 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — a U. S. land office, 17 stores, a printing office issuing a weekly newspaper, 100 dwellings, 3 schools, and 503 inhabitants. It is surrounded by a rich and populous country. Danville, p-v., capital of Montgomery co., Mo., 47 N. e. Jefferson city, 892 W. It contains a court house, and several stores and dwellings. There are in the t., 1 acad. 28 students, 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 1,299. Darbv, p-t., Delaware co.. Pa., 95 e. s. e. Har- risburg, 132 W. The t. is divided into Upper and Lower Darby. The v. is situated on Darby cr., and has 1 Friends church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 fulling m., and 40 dwellings. There are in the t., 2 stores, cap. $8,500; 1 cotton fac. 216 sp., 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly nev^'spaper, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,950. 2 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 1,267. Darby, t., Pickaway co., Ohio. The soil is adapted to grazing. Drained by Darby cr., which affords water power. It has 1 tamiery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Pop. 1,050. i)ARBy, t., Madison co., O. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500 ; 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $800. 5 sch. 110 scholars. Pop. 466. Darby Creek, a small r. of Ohio, rises in Union co., and, after a course of 60 miles, enters the Scioto r., nearly opposite Circleville. Darby Creek, p-o., Jerome t.. Union co., O., 22 N. N. w. Columbus, 415 W. Darby Plains, p-o., Union co., O., 26 n. n. w. Columbus, 415 W. Darby's, p o., Columbia co, Ga., 109 e. n. e. Milledgeville, 588 W. Darbyville, p-v., Muhlenburg t., Pickaway CO., O., 3S s. Columbus, 408 W. Founded in 1826. Situated on the w. bank of Darby cr. It has 3 stores, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- tist, and 1 3Iethodist — 2 tanneries, 40 dwelluigs, and about 250 inhabitants. Dardanelle, p-v.. Veil co.. Ark., 72 n. w. by w. Little Rock, 1,137 W. Situated on the s. w. side of Arkansas river. Near this are 2 rocky ridges, on both sides of the Arkansas r., called the Dardanelles. Pop. of the t. 227. DAR 166 DAU Dardenne, p-v., St. Charles co., Mo., lOt) e. by \. Jefferson city, 846 W. Situated on a r. of tlie same name, wliich enters tlie JMissouri r., 5 miles s. s. w. of St. Charles. The t. has 1 .sch. 12 scholars. Pop. 1,605. Darie.^j, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 7i s. w. Hart- ford, 266 W. Taken from Stamford in 1820. Bounded s. by Long Island sound. The .surface is undulating, and the soil excellent. Tlie vil- lage is on a small stream, which enters a narrow bay that sets up from the sound, and contains a Congregational church, and has some coasting trade to New York. Tiiere are in the t., 7 stores, cap. $17,500 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $8,500 ; 2 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $18,150. 3 sch. 177 scliolars. Pop. 1,080. Darien, p-t., Genesee co., N. Y., 263 w. Al- bany, 377 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay and calcareous loam. Drained by Ellicott's cr. The V. contains 1 church, 3 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 175 inhabitants. Tliece are in the t., 5 stores, cap. $16,300 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tan- neries, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,940. 21 sch. 622 scholars. Pop. 2,406. Darie.v, city, p-v., and capital of Mcintosh co., Ga., 215 s. E. Milledgeville, 724 W. Situated on the N. side of the Aitamaha r., 12 miles above the bar, at the entrance of St. Simon's sound. It con- tains a court house, a jail, an academy, a Pres- byterian church, a bank, and a printing office. It has an extensive trade in cotton. The bar has 14 feet of water. The Oconee branch of the Ai- tamaha has a steamboat navigation to Milledge- ville ; and the Ocmulgee branch has a similar navigation to Macon ; so that Darien forms the natural centre of the trade of the central portions of the state, and it has had a corresponding rapid growth. Darien, p-t., Walworth co., Wis. ter., 5'J s. e. Madison, 788 W. Pop. 232. Darien Centre, p o., Darien t., Genesee co., N. Y., 265 w. by n. Albany, 375 W. Darke, county, O., situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 714 sq. ms. Drained by Stillwater and Greenville creeks. The surface is generally level ; soil, very fertile. General Wayne erected Fort Recovery in the n. e. cor- ner of this county, in 1795, on the spot where Gen. St. Clair sustained a memoraljle defeat by the Indians, three years before. Capital, Green- ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,537, sheep 9,012, swine 17,02'J; wheat 31,675 bushels produced, rye 1,485, Ind. corn 57,797, buckwheat 514, barley 1,829, oats 90,230, potatoes, 57,325. 12 sch. 288 scholars. Pop. 1830,6,203; 1840, 13,282. Dark Corner, p-o., Campbell co.,Ga., 114 w. N. w. Milledgeville, 711 W. Darkesville, p-v., Berkley co., Va., 162 n. Richmond, 84 W. Situated on Sulphur Springs creek, a branch of Opequan creek, that enters into the Potomac. Darling's, p-o., Butler t., Knox co., O., 73 n. K. Columbus, 365 W. Situated on the s. bank of Vernon r. Darlingsville, p-o.. Pike co., Pa., 174 n e by E. Harrisburg, 268 W. Darlington, p-b.. Little Beaver t., Beaver CO., ra., 239 w. by n. Harrisburg, 205 W It contains 1 Presbyterian churcli, 4 stores, 'and ?f,u.L "^^''^S'-, ^' ^^'^ '='*ll<^d Greensburs until 1830. It has 1 acad. 18 students, 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 220. Darlington, p-v., Harford co., Md 71 n bv E. Annapolis, 81 \V. Situated 2i ms w oVthe Susquehanna r. It contains 2 churches— 1 Me tliodist, and 1 Friends— an academy, 5 stores and a public library. '' Darlington, dist., S. C. Situated in the eastern part of the state, and contains 1,050 sq. ms. The surface is slightly undulating ; soil, on the margins of the streams, very fertile ; back from this, sandy and light. Great Pedee r. bounds it on the N. E., and Lyncb's cr. on the s. w. Capi- tal, Darlington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 15,43S, sheep 6,082, swine 36,856; wheat 13,309 bush, produced, Ind. corn 457,193, oats 52,477, po- tatoes 84,812, rice 8,000 pounds, cotton 1,231,985; 26 stores, cap. $127,000; 1 cotton fac. 700 sp., 4 tanneries, 47 grist m., 27 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $81,100. 7 acad. 149 students, 16 sch. 305 schol- ars. Pop. 1830, 13,728 ; 1840, whites 7,169, slaves 7,560, free col'd 93 ; total, 14,822. Darlington, C. H., p-v., capital of Darlington dist., S. C, 129 E. s. E. Columbia, 453 W. Situ- ated a little w. of Black cr., a branch of Great Pe- dee r. It contains a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian — 2 acad., 9 stores, and 500 inhabitants. Darlington, p-v., Montgomery co., la., 46 w. N. w. Indianapolis, 617 W. Darlington, p o.. Lake co., 111. Darlington, p-v., St. Helena par.. La., 120 N. w. by N. New Orleans, 1,150 W. Darlington, p-o., Humphreys co., Tenn. Darn.stovvn, p-v., Montgomery co., Md., 65 w. N. w. Annapolis, 25 W. Darrstown, p-v., Milford t., Butler co., O., 109 s. w. by w. Columbus, 498 W. It contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 35 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. There is a chalybeate spring in the vicinity, which is of some note. Darrvill'.s, p-o., Dinwiddle co., Va., 56 s. Richmond, 175 W. Dartmouth, p-t., Bristol co., Ms.,65s. Bcston, 7 s. w. New Bedford, 441 W. It has Buzzard's bay on the s. E., and is penetrated by several in- lets from it, one of which receives Aponiganset r., which is navigable nearly to the centre of the t. Incorporated in 1664. It has a number of vessels employed in the whale fishery, and in the coast- ing trade. Salt is manufactured, and vessels are built. It has 12 stores, cap. $33,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 5 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $27,950. 27 sch. 931 scholars. Pop. 4,135. Darwin, p-v., Clark co.. 111., 133 s. e. by e. Springfield, 667 W. It is situated on the Wa- bash r., adjoining Walnut prairie, and contains 20 or 30 families. Daui'iiin, county. Pa. Situated toward the s E. part of the state, and is bounded by the Sus- quehanna r. on the w. and .s. w. It contains 608 sq. ms. Drained by Swatara cr. in its s. part, and by Mahantango cr. on the n. Powell's cr. runs through its central part. The surface is hil- ly and mountainous, and the soil, fertile. The Pennsylvania canal and the Union canal pass through it. Capital, Harrisburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 17,429, sheep 15,714, swine 27,317 ; wheat 277,248 bush, produced, rye 202,771, Ind. corn 307,363, buckwheat 24.039, barley 1,980, oals 398,544, potatoes 125,051, silk cocoons 322 pounds, tobacco 46,730 ; 3 commis- sion bouses in for. trade, cap. $23,500 ; 133 stores, cap. $479,110 ; 10 lumber yards, cap. $59,500; 3 furnaces, 3 forges, 9 fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 20 tanneries, 2 rope fac, 17 distilleries, 4 brewe- ries, 4 potteries, 29 flouring m., 35 grist m., 76 saw m., 2 oil m., 12 printing offices, 6 binderies, 1 peri- odical, 11 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- fac. $357,315. 3 acad. 1 15 students, 76 sch. 3,656 scholars. Pop. 1830, 25,303; 1840, 30,118. Dauphin, p-v., Middle Paxton t., Dauphin co., i Pa., 8 Harrisburg, 118 W. It is situated on the DAY 167 DAY Susquehanna r., and contains 2 stores, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Davenport, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 69 s. w. Albany, 14 ^^ Dellii, 361 W. Tlie surface is hilly, and the soil an argillaceous loam. Drained by Charlotte r. and its tributaries. It has 4 stores, cap. ,$13,600 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m,, 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $28,000. 15 sch. 724 scholars. Pop. 3,052. Davenport, p-v., capital of Scott co., Iowa, 350 above St. Louis, by w-ater, 80 above Bur- lington. This place is pleasantly situated on the N side of the Mississippi river. Davidson', county, N. C. Situated in the cen- tral part of the state, and contains 790 sq. ms. It has the Yadldn r. on the w. Drained by several small streams flowing into it. Surface undula- ting, soil fertile. Capital, Lexington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,163, sheep 14,319, swine 34,083 ; wheat 1 14,359 bush, produced, rye 5,691, Ind. com 465,828, oats 102,703, pota- toes 15,059, tobacco 80,502 lbs., cotton 1,363,100; 17 stores, cap. $54,000 ; 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 9 tanneries, 218 distilleries, 10 flouring m., 51 grist m., 46 saw ni., 1 oil m. Cap. in manu- fac. $145,458. 2 acad. 52 students, 36 sch. 1,100 scholars. Pop. whites 11,937, slaves 2,538, free col'd 136 ; total, 14,606. Davenport Centre, p-o., Davenport t., Del- aware CO., N. Y., 74 s. w. Albany, 357 W. Davidson, county, Tenn. Situated centrally, a little north of the centre of the state, and con- tains 640 sq. ms. Cumberland r. passes tlirough it from K. to w., curbing to the s. Drained by Harpeth r.. Stone's r.. White's and Poplar creeks. Surface undulating ; soil, fertile. Capital, Na.sh- ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 21,769, sheep 2,513, swine 90,336 ; wheat 104,486 bush, produced, rye 56,505, Ind. corn 1,456,800, oats 228,924, potatoes 57,051, tobacco 334,394 pounds, cotton 194,665 ; 11 commer. and 8 com. houses, cap. $235,000 ; 83 stores, cap. $1,613,700; 4 lum- ber yards, cap. $3,800 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 10 tanneries, 26 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 75 grist m., 31 saw m., 1 paper fac, 4 printing of- fices, 2 binderies, 1 daily, 5 weekly, 3 semi-week- ly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 341,230. 1 college, 125 students, 39 acad. 1,353 students, 13 sch. 367 scholars. Pop. 1830, 28,122; 1840, whites 17,457, slaves 12,318, free col'd 704; total, 30,509. Davidson, p-t., Lycoming co.. Pa., 109 n. Har- risburg, 219 W. It has 3 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $1,000. 2 sch. 32 scholars. Pop. 370. Davidson, p-o , Harrison co., la., 115 s. In- dianapolis, 626 W. Davidson College, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 150 w. by s. Raleigh, 337 W. Davidson College, located here, was founded in 1833. It has a president, 2 professors, 23 alumni, 49 stu- dents, and 1,150 vols, in its libraries. The com- mencement is on the last Thursday in June. Davidson, t., Randolph co.. Ark. Population, 355. Davidson, t., Lapeer co., Mich. Pop. 69. Davidson River, p-o., Henderson co., N. C, 289 w. by s. Raleigh, 519 W. Davidsonville, p-v., Anne Arundel co., Md., 10 Annapolis, 30 W. Davidsonville, p-v., Somerset co., Pa., 142 w. Harrisburg, 168 W. Davie, county, N. C. Situated in the cen- tral part of the state, and contains 175 sq. ms. It has the Yadkin river on the E.,and is drained by Its branches. Surface undulating, soil very fer- tiles. Capital, Mocksville. Tiiere were in 1840, neat cattle 5,414, sheep 5,615, swine 18,783; wheat 44,481 bush, produced, rye 8,232. Ind. com 313,533, oats 51,145, potatoes 4,256, tobacco 66,771 pounds, cotton 307,040; 10 stores, cap $22,000 ; 1 cotton fac, 5 tanneries, 75 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 23 grist m., 19 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $94,000. 12 sch. 268 scholars. Pop. whites 5,594, slaves 1,883, free col'd 92 ; total, 7,574. Da vies, coimty, la. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, between the E. and w. forks of White r., which unite on its s. w. border. Wa- tered by the branches of White r. and small trib- utary creeks. The n. portion is level, the e. and s. undulating. Soil, generally fertile, with some fine prairies. Organized in 1816, and contains 420 sq. ms. Capital, Washington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,778, sheep 6,276, swine 14,713; wheat 35,286 bush, produced, ind. corn 202,423, oats 40,892, potatoes 12,787, tobacco 1,900 pounds ; 21 stores, cap. $58,8.50; 2tanneries, 4 distilleries, 7 grist m., 6 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. .$34,720. 1 acad. 43 students, 8 sch. 244 scholars. Pop. 6,720. Davies, county. Mo. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. The surface is undulating, and the soil fertile. Drained by the w. fork of Grand r., which passes cen- trally through it. Capital, Gallatin. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,451, sheep 2,267, swine 8,879 ; wheat 2,644 bush, produced, Indian corn 106,245, oats 8,720, potatoes 2,901, tobacco 28,603 pounds ; 3 stores, cap. $7,852 ; 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 5 sch. 91 scholars. Pop. whites 2,600, slaves 134, free col'd 2 ; total, 2,736. Davis, t., Lafayette co.. Mo. Pop. 673. Davis, t.. Saline co.. Ark. Pop. 312. Davis, t.. Fountain co., la. Pop. 714. Davisborougii, p-v., Washington co., Ga^ 41 s. E. Milledgeville, 645 W. It contains an acad- emy and a few dwellings. It is situated on the central railroad, and is a depot. Davis Prairie, p-o., Lewis co., Mo., 136 n. by E. Jefferson city, 905 W. Davis's Ferry, p-o., Pickens dist., S. C, 172 w. n. w. Columbia, 574 W. Davis's Mills, p-o., Bedford co., Va., 153 w Richmond, 223 W. Davls's Mills, Barnwell dist., S. C, 106 s. s. w. Columbia, 611 W. Davidson's, p-o., Warren co., N. J., 60 n. n. w. Trenton, 208 W. Davisonville, p-o., Lapeer co., Mich., 59 n by w. Detroit, 533 W. Davis's Springs, p-o., Robeson co., N. C, 73 s. s. w. Ruleigh, 361 W. Davis's Store, p-o., Bedford co., Va., 141 w. by s. Richmond, 204 W. Daviston, p-v.. Clay co., la., 74 w. s. w. In- dianapolis, 645 W. Daviston, p-o., Talbot co., Ga. Davisville, p-v., Bucks co.. Pa., Ill e. Har- risburg, 153 W. Davisville, p-o.. Pike co., Ga. Dawkin's Mills, p-o., Jackson co., O., 75 s. 8. E. Columbus, 368 W. Dawson, p-o., Habersham co., Ga., 138 n. Mil- ledgeville, 601 W. Dawson's, p-o., Alleghany co., Md., 183 w. n. w. Annapolis, 151 W. Dawson's Stand, p-o., Bledsoe co., Tenn., 117 E. s. E. Nashville, 576 W. Dawsonville, p-o., Montgomery co., Md., 68 N. N. w. Annapolis, 28 W. Day, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 63 n. by w. Al- bany, 431 W. The surface is liilly and mountain- ous. The Kayaderosseras mt. extends across it. Drained by Sacaiidaga r., on which most of tlie DEA 168 DEC good land is situated. It has 2 stores, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 1 grist m., 3 saw ni. Cap. in manufac. $8,700. 5 sch. 220 scholars. Fop. 942. Daysville. p-o., Ogle co., HI. Dayanville, p-v., Watson t., Lewis co., N. Y., 141 N. w. Albany, 440 W. Situated on Crystal or., and contains 2 stores, 3 saw m., 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. Day's Landing, p-o., York co., Pa., 33 s. s. E. Harrisburg, 99 W. Daysville, p-o., Bradley co., Tenn., 163 s. e. Nashville, 574 W. Dayton, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 312 w. by s. Albany, 350 W. The surface is undula- ting ; soil, clay and gravelly loam. Drained by Connewango cr. and its tributaries. It has 1 store, cap. $5,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,500. 6 sch. 308 schol- ars. Pop. 946. Dayton, p-o., Rockingham co., Va. Dayton, p-t., capital of Montgomery co., O., 68 w. by s. Columbus, 461 W. Pop. of the v., 1810,383; 1820, 1,139 ; 1830, 2,954 ; 1840,6,067: the t. in addition, 4,263. Watered by Great Miami r. and its tributaries, s. w. branch of Mad r. and Wolf cr. Mad r. is here turned into a race, about a mile above its mouth, and after being employed in mills, is turned into the Miami, partly above and partly below the v., thus constituting the ground on which it stands, an island. In and iiear the v. are 4 cotton fac- tories with 5,000 spindles. There is a gun-bar- rel factory with a capital of fifteen thou.sand dol- lars, a large iron foundry, four machine shops, producing one hundred thousand dollars annu- ally, a clock factory producing 2,500 clocks yearly, an extensive paper factory, a carding and fulling mill, 7 flouring mills, 7 saw mili.s, 5 dis- tilleries, and various otiier mills and manufacto- ries. Capital in manufactures over §100,000. It contains a court house, and county offices of brick, and a jail and banking house of stone. It has 10 churches, 2 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 2 Baptist, 2 Methodist, 1 Lutheran, 1 German Re- formed, 1 Roman Catholic, 2 academics, 82 stu- dents, 6 schools, 873 scholars, over 1,200 houses, 50 stores, and 3 printing offices. The iMiami canal passes through the place and connects it with Cincinnati. Dayton, p-o., Lasalle co., 111., 137 n. n. e. Springfield, 777 W. Dayton, p-v., Tippecanoe co., la., 63 n. w. Indianapolis, 621 W. It contains about 50 in- habitants. Dayton, p-v., Marengo CO., Ala., 76 s. by w. Tuscaloosa, 887 W. Dead Fall, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. C, 89 w. Columbia, 519 W. Dead, river. Me., the w. branch of Kennebec r., rises near the boundary of Lower Canada, and after a course of 70 miles, falls into the Ken- nebec 20 m. below Moosehead lake. It passes tluough a fertile country. Dead, r., p-o, Somerset co., Me., 78 n. n. w Augusta, 672 W. «• n. w. Dead streani, a tributary of the Penobscot, enters it from the e. at Orouo. _ Dkal, v., Shrewsbury t., Monmouth CO. N J IS a small watering place, situated on Ponlar Swamp cr. Here are boarding houses, capable of accommodating from 50 to 100 persons. It is a fine place for the enjoyment of sea air and bath- ing The V. IS about a mile from the sea, and 3 s. of Long Branch boarding houses. Deal's Mills, p-o., Caldwell co w. Raleigh, 418 W. N. C, 180 Dean's CoRiNERs, p-o., Saratoga t, Saratoga CO., N. Y., 33 N. Albany, 406 W. Deansville, p-v., Marshall t., Oneida co., N. Y., 104 w. N. w. Albany, 375 W. Situated on the Chenango canal, and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 2 warehouses, 30 dwelhngs, and about 200 inhabitants. Dearborn, county, la. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, has the Ohio r. on its e. border, and contains 380 sq. ms. Organized in 1802. Drained by Great Miami and Whitewater rivers, and a number of small creeks. The surface is hilly and broken, with rich bottom lands on the rivers. Capital, Lawrenceville. There were in 1810, neat cattle 10,455, sheep 16,451, swine 21,349 ; wheat 131,318 bush, produced, rye 1,218, Ind. corn 610,299, buckwheat 1,125, barley 3,229, oats 152,802, potatoes 41,855, tobacco 2,850 pounds, sugar 34,366 ; 76 stores, cap. $196,497; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 600 sp., 6 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 1 pottery, 21 grist m., 23 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- paper. Cap. in manufac. $73,595. 4 acad. 30 students, 56 sch. 1,110 scholars. Pop. 1830, 13,974 ; 1840, 19,327. Dearborn, t., Kennebec co.. Me., 15 n. Au- gusta. A large pond, which contains a number of beautiful islands, covers a considerable por- tion of its surface. Incorporated in 1812. It has 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 163. Dearborn, t., Wayne co., Mich. The Rouge r. passes through it. It has 8 stores, cap. $4,240 ; 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $11,050. It has 4 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 1,248. Dearbornville, p-v.. Dearborn t., Wayne CO., Mich., 10 w. Detroit, 534 W. Situated on the .s. branch of Rouge r. It contains 1 Metho- dist church, 7 stores, 1 saw m., 1 flouring m., 1 iron foundry, and about 60 dwellings. The U. States arsenal located here, consists of 11 brick buildings, the whole surrounded by a wall of heavy masonry 12 feet high. Deardoof's Mills, p-o., Wayne t., Tuscara- was CO., O., 112 E. N. E. Columbus, 324 W. Deatonville, p-o., Amelia co., Va. Deavertown, p-v., York t., Morgan co., O., 71 E. by s. Columbus, 343 W. It has an eleva- ted and pleasant site, and contains 3 churches, 35 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. De Bastrop, t., Cliicot co., Ark. Population, 270. Decatur, county, Ga. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 1,675 sq. ms. Chattahoochee r. runs on its w. border. Drained by Flint and Spring rivers. Flint r. unites with the Chattahoochee on the s. border of the co. Organized in 1824. The surface is moderately uneven ; soil not A'ery fertile. Capiuil, Bain- bridge. There were in 1830, neat cattle 16,232, sheep 1,896, swine 16,517; Ind. corn 161,752 bush, produced, oats 4,039, potatoes 41,137, tobac- co 12,170 pounds, cotton 1,794,928, sugar 33,755 ; 18 stores, cap. $41,130 ; 23 tanneries, 1 distillery, 16 grist m., 11 saw in. Cap. in manufac. $34,800. 4 acad. 173 students, 4 sch. 66 scholars. Pop. 1830, 3,854; 1810, whites 3,478, slaves 2,386, free col'd 8 ; total, 5,872. Decatur, county, la. Situated toward the s. E. part of the state, and contains 340 sq. ras. The surface is gently undulating ; soil fertile, and well adapted to grain. Drained by Flat Rock, Clifty, and Sand creeks, which afford water power. Organized in 1821. Capital, Greens- burgh. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,862, sheep 14,793, swine 28,290; wheat 77,511 bush, produced, rye 3,198, Ind. corn 643,015, buck- wheat 317, oats 112,195, potatoes 12,445, sugar DED 169 DEE 33,325 pounds ; 34 stores, cap. $90,350 ; 6 tanne- ries, 5 distilleries, 1 pottery, 21 gi-ist m., 22 saw m , 1 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspa- per, 1 acad. 75 students, 56 sch. 2,986 scholars. Pop. 12,171. Uecatur, p-t, Otsego cc, N. Y., 61 w. by s. AUiany, 375 W. Tlie surface is elevated and hilly, and the soil sandy loam. Drained by Elk or. The v. has 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, and 20 dwellings. There are in the t., 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufiic. $6,320. 8 sch. 310 scholars. Pop. 1,071. Decatur, t., Mifflin cc, Pa., 14 n. e Lewis- town. The surface is moimtainous ; soil, slate and gravel. Watered by Jacks cr., a branch of the Juniata. It has 1 woollen fac, 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,945. 2 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 767. Decatur, p-v., Byrd t.. Brown cc, O., 105 s. w. Columbus, 452 W. It contains a brick church, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. Decatur, p-t., Van Buren co., Mich., 153 w. Detroit, 615 W. Pop. 323. Decatur, p-v., capital of De Kalb co., Ga., 90 N. w. Milledgeville, 676 W. It contains a court house, jail, an academy, 3 churches, and about 50 dwellings. It has an elevated and healthy situation. The Georgia railroad from Augusta terminates near the v. Decatur, t., Marion co., la. It has 1 saw m., 6 sch. 151 scholars. Pop. 916. Decatur, t., Washington co., O. It has 3 sch. 143 scholars. Pop. 439. Decatur, p-v., Union dist., S. C, 77 n. w. Columbia, 457 W. Decatur, t., Lawrence co., O. It has 3 sch. 98 scholars. Pop. 594. Decatur, p-v., Morgan co., Ala., 139 n. n. e. Tuscaloosa, 739 W. Situated on the s. side of Teni>essee r., at the e. termination of the Tus- cumbia and Decatur railroad. It contains several stores and dwellings. Decatur, p-v., capital of Adams co., la., 132 N. E. Indianapolis, 522 W. Situated on the s. w. side of the Wabash r., and contains a court house and several dwellings. Decatur, p-v., capital of Newton co.. Miss., 76 e. Jackson, 954 W. Situated on the head waters of Chickasawha r. It contains a court hou.se and several dwellings. Decatur, p-v., capital of Meigs co., Tenn., 140 E. s. e. Nashville, 568 W. Situated 2i ms. E. of Tennessee r. It contains a court house, several stores and dwellings. Decatur, p-v., Howard co., Mo., 54 n. w. Jef- ferson city, 959 W. Decatur, p-v., capital of Macon co.. El., 40 e. Springfield, 749 W. Situated on the w. side of the N. fork of Sangamon r., on the borders of an extensive prairie. The country around is fer- tile and well settled. It has 3 stores, several mechanics, and about 35 dwellings. Deckertown, p-v.. Wantage t., Sussex co., N. J., 87 N. Trenton, 256 W. It contains 1 Pres- byterian church, 4 stores, 1 grist m. and 20 dwell- ings. It is situated in a ricli limestone country. Dedh AM, t., Hancock co., Mc. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 tamiery, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. m manufac. $7,000. 5 sch. 197 scholars. Pop. 455. Dedha.m, p-t., capital of Norfolk co., Mass., 13 s. s. w Boston, 431 W. Situated on Charles r., which affords good water power. Nepoiiset r. runs on its e. border, and a small stream runs from Charles r. into Neponset r. The t. is well cultivated, and contains 4 Congregational church- es, 1 Episcopal and 1 Baptist. The v. is pleasantly situated on Charles r., and contains 2 of the Con- gregational churches, and the Episcopal, a gran- ite court house, a jail, a bank, 2 printing offices, and more than 100 dwellings, many of them ele- gant. The Boston and Providence railroad passes through the t., and a railroad from the v., 2 ms. long, connects with it. It has 12 stores, cap. $17,000 ; 3 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 4,200 sp., 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufoc $249,700. 3 acad. 63 students, 11 sch. 725 scholars. Pop. 3,290. Deep Creek, p-v., Norfolk co., Va., 114 s. e. Richmond, 244 W. Situated on both sides of Dismal Swamp canal, at its terminatior.. It con- tains 1 free church, 6 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., several mechanics, and 25 dwellings. Ex- ports, cedar shingles and other lumber from the Dismal Swamp. Deep Cut, p-o., Mercer co., O. Deep River, p-v., Saybrook t., Middlesex co., Ct., 33 s. by E. Hartford, 333 W. Situated on Connecticut r., at the entrance of Deep r., a small tributary. It has 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist church, 1 comb fac, and several dwellings. Deep River, p-o., Guilford co., N. C, 99 w. N. w. Raleigh, 320 W. Deep, r., N. C, forms, with the Haw, the n. w. branch of Cape Fear r. Deep River, p-o.. Lake co., la., 148 n. n. e. Indianapolis, 692 W. Deep Spring, p-o., Hawkins co., Tenn., 255 E. by N. Nashville, 441 W. Deep Water, p-o., Henry co.. Mo. Deep Water, t.. Van Buren co., Mo. Pop. 261. Deep Well, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 137 w. Raleigh, 374 W. Deer Creek, p-o., Mercer co.. Pa., 236 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 291 W. Deer Creek, t., Madison co., O. It has 1 saw m., 4 sch. 151 scholars. Pop. 545. Deer Creek, p-o., Livingston co., Mich., 61 w. Detroit, 564 W. Deer Creek Work.s, p-o., Harford co., Md. Deer, cr., a small stream, Harford co., Md., enters the Susquehanna. Deer Creek, t., Pickaway co., O. It lies s. by w. Columbus, on both sides of a creek of the same name. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,500 ; 1 dis- tillery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 1,374. Deerfield, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 19 s. E. Concord, 475 W. The surface is uneven, and the soil fertile, but not easily cultivated. Set- tled in 1756. Pleasant pond, a large body of water in the n. part, has its outlet into Suncook r. Lamprey r. passes through the t. It has 9 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m., 13 sch. 720 scholars. Population, 1,950. Deerfield, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 95 w. by N. Boston, 399 W. Connecticut r. runs on its e. border, and Deerfield r. runs through it, and here joins the Connecticut r. It is fertile, and, partic- ularly on the rivers, has some of the best meadows in the state. The v., which is separated from Con- necticut r. by a chain of high hills, is pleasantly situated on a plain, chiefly on one street, and contains a Congregational church, and an acade- my. There are in the t., 7 stores, cap. $25,300 ; 1 tannery, 2 rope fac, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,219. 1 acad. 123 students, 15 sch. 303 scholars. Pop. 1,912. Deerfield, t., Oneida co., N. Y., 4 ms. n. Utica. Surface generally hilly ; soil, in some parts very fertile. Drained by tributaries of the Mohawk r. It has 4 stores, cap. $8,600 ; 1 gnst DEE 170 DEK m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,230. 11 sci'j. 458 .•icholars. Fop. 3,120. Deerfield, t., Cumberland Co., N. J. The surface is level ; soil, clay, gravel and sand, made fertile by marl. Drained by Cohansey cr. and Muddy run, a branch of 3Iuurice r. It contains 4 churches — 'Z Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Me- thodist. It has 5 stores, cap. $46,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 distilleries, 1 glass house, 1 pottery, 2 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 bindery, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $97,975. 3 acad. 396 students, 11 sch. 836 scholars. Pop. 2,621. Deerfield, t., Tioga CO., Pa., 1 3 n. w. Wellsbo- rough. The surface is hilly; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Cowanesque cr., and Marsh cr. a tributary of Crooked cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $10,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $10,450. 2 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 615. Deerfield, p-v., Warren co., Pa., 223 n. w. Harrisburg, 312 W. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,500. 4 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 450. Deerfield, p-t., Portage co., O., 149 n. e. Columbus, 310 W. Watered by Mahoning r. The Pennsylvania and Ohio canal passes through the t. It has 6 sch. 221 scholars. Pop. 1,184. Deerfield, t., Warren co., O. It has 6 sch. 628 scholars. Pop. 1,871. Deerfield, p-v., Lenawee co., Mich., 65 s. w. Detroit, 495 W. Deerfield, t., Morgan co., O. It has 9 sch. 307 scholars. Pop. 1,235. Deerfield, p-v., Augusta co., Va., 134 w. n. W. Richmond, 171 W. Deerfield, t., Ross co., O., 44 s. Columbus. Pop. 1,235. Deerfield, p-v., Randolph co.. la., 88 e. n. e. Indianapolis, 511 W. Deerfield, t.. Van Buren co.. Mo. Pop. 301. Deerfield, t., Livingston co., Mich. It has 4 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. 440. Deerfield Street, p-v., Deerfield t., Cum- berland CO., N. J., 62 s. s. w. Trenton, 173 W. It contains a Presbyterian church, 1 store, and 25 dvk'ellings. The t. is drained by Cohansey cr., and contains 4 churches, 2 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- tist, and 1 Methodist, and an academy, 11 stores, 1 large flouring m., 2 saw m., and 1 woollen fac. Deerfield, r., Mass., rises in Vt., and after a course of 50 ms. enters the Connecticut in the n. part of Deerfield t. Its precipitous banks, in its passage through the mountains, are curious and romantic. Deerfieldville, p-v.. Union t., Warren co., O., 89 s. E. Columbus, 473 W. Founded in 1795, when it was a frontier town. Situated on the n. bank of Little Miami r. The river bottoms are here exceedingly rich, but being liable to be overflowed, this circumstance has retarded the growth of the place. It contains about 15 houses and 20 families. Dkering, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 25 s. w. Con(tord, 469 W. Watered by Contoocook r Incxjqwrated m 1774. The surface is diversified, and the soil moderately fertile. It has some manufactures, jiarticularly of brick. I has '' stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac. 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac' $4,910. llsch. 377 scholars. Pop. 1,124 Deer Isle, p-t., Hancock co.. Me., 93 e by ,s Augusta, 689 W. The t. consists of an island on the E. side of Penobscot bay. with 2 or 3 small adjoining islands. Incorporated in 1789. These islands are fertile ; and having good har- bors, are well situated for engaging in the fishc- Iries. It has 15 stores, cap. $13,650; 1 fulling m.' 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 acad. 30 stu- dents, 2 sch. 1,170 scholars. Pop. 2,841. Deerpark, t., Orange co., N. Y., 38 w. New- burgh, 108 s. s. v*^. Albany. On the e. the sur- face is mountainous, but on the w., toward the Delaware, which washes its s. w. border, it is level. The soil is gravelly loam, and alluvial sand, and vegetable mold. Watered by Ncver- sink r., and Bush's kill, tributaries of the Dela- ware. The Delaware and Hudson canal, and the New York and Erie railroad pass thi-ough the t. It has 9 stores, cap. $35,400 ; 6 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $39,400. 3 acad. 236 stu- dents, 3 sch. 114 scholars. Pop. 1,607. Deer River Fall,s, p-o., Duane t., Franklin CO., N. Y., 197 N. by w. Albany, 530 W. Deersville, p-v.. Stock t., Harrison co., O., 109 E. by N. Columbus, 296 W. Defiance, p-v.. Defiance t., capital of Wil- liams CO., O., 152 N. w. Columbus, 504 W. Situ- ated at the junction of Maumee and Auglaize rivers. It is well located for commerce, being on the Wabash and Erie canal, and at the junc- tion of the Miami and Wabash canal, and at tho union of several navigable rivers. It has a court house, jail, and 944 inhabitants. It was an im- portant military post in the Indian wars. It has 8 stores, cap. $31,300; 1 tannery, 1 printing of- fice, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,550. 4 sch. 160 scholars. Defrietsville, p-v., Greenbush t., Rensse- laer CO., N. Y., 4 s. E. Albany, 347 W. It con- tains -1 Dutch Reformed church, 1 store, and 15 dwellings. De Kale, county, Ga. Situated centrally toward the n. part of the state, and contains 360 sq. ms. The surface is an elevated table land. The Chattahoochee r. runs on its n. w. border. Watered by branches of the Chattahoochee and of the Ocmulgee rivers. The Georgia railroad from Augusta, extends to the centre of this Co., and is to be continued to Tennessee r. Capital, Decatur. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,209, sheep 4,396, swine 19,235 ; wheat 45,648 bush, produced, Ind. corn 293,054, oats 47,007, pota- toes 1,051, tobacco 270 pomids ; 20 stores, cap. $132,200 ; 3 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 17 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,500. 2 acad. 77 students, 10 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 1830, 10.042; 1840, whites 8,456, slaves 2,004, free col'd 7 ; total, 10,467. De Kalb, county, Ala. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contahis 1,500 sq. ms. Tennessee r. forms its n. w. boundary. Drained by Will's cr., a branch of Coosa r. The surface is imeven, excepting along the valley of the creek. Capital, Lebanon. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,853, sheep 2,562, swine 98,779 ; wheat 14,965 bush, produced, Ind. corn 313,591, oats 12,520, potatoes 21,231, tobacco 17,563 pounds, cotton 94,723 ; 10 stores, cap. $12,500 ; 3 tanne- ries, 8 distilleries, 10 grist m., 5 saw m., 2 acad. 147 students, 6 sch. 164 scholars. Pop. 5,929. De Kalb, county, Tenn. Situated in the cen- tral part of the state, and contains 275 sq. ms. The N. and w. parts are hilly and broken, being on the declivity of the Cumberland mountains. The s. part is level barrens, aflfording good pasturage for cattle. The soil is generally thin, but fertile, producing tobacco and grain. Capital, Sniith- ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,921, sheep 5,832, swine 22,029 ; wheat 17,235 bush, produced, rye 3,210, Ind. corn 244,319, oats 23,524, potatoes 71,000, tobacco 50,087 pounds, cotton 17,70(5 ; 6 stores, cap. $15,050 ; 10 tanne- ries, 26 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 75 grist m., 31 DEL 171 DEL saw m., 1 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 2 binde- ries, 1 daily, 5 weekly, 3 semi-weekly newspa- pers. Cap. in manufac. $344,230. 10 sch. 122 scholars. Pop. whites 5,398, slaves 459, free col'd 11; total, 5,868. De Kalb, county, la. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 365 sq. ms. Or- ganized in 1835. Watered by St. Joseph's branch of Maumee r. and several creeks. Cap- ital, Auburn. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,967, sheep 400, svvbie 3,033 ; wheat 9,058 bush, produced, Ind. corn 31,730, oats 6,958, potatoes 18,679, tobacco 135 pounds, sugar 41,760 ; 4 stores, cap. $15,200; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- ufoc. $6,300. 10 sch. 191 scholars. Pop. 1,968. De Kalb, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 195 N. N. w. Albany, 464 W. The surface is hilly, and the soil moderately fertile. Watered by Oswegatchie r. and its tributaries. Marble and iron ore are found here. The v. is situated on the E. side of Oswegatchie r., which has falls here, affording good water power. It contains 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 30 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. The r. is navigable for boats to Ogdensburg. There are in the t., 1 store, cap. $6,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,415. 14 sch. 521 schol- ars. Pop. 1,531. De Kalb, p-o., Richland co., O., 80 n. n. e. Columbus, 406 W. De Kalb, p-v., Hancock co.. III., 100 w. N. w. Springfield, 878 W. De Kalb, p-v., capital of Kemper co!, Miss., 106 E. N. E. Jackson, 911 W. Situated 2 ms. s. Sacarnochee cr. It contains a court house, and a few dwellings. De Kalb, p-v., Lewis co., Va., 313 w. n. w. Richmond, 281 W. Situated on the n. bank of Little Kanawha r. De Kalb, p-c, Buchanan co.. Mo. Delavan, p-o., Yorkshire t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 282 w. by s. Albany, 337 W. Delavan, p-o., Walworth co., Wis., 64 s. e. Madison, 811 W. Delavan, p-o., Tazew'ell co.,Ill., 45 n. Spring- field, 783 W. Delaware, r., rises by 2 principal branches on the w. side of the (^atskill mountauis. The Mohawks, or western branch, proceeds from a small lake in a s. w. direction, and turning s. e., it reaches, the Pennsylvania line in lat. 42°, and proceeding 7 miles on the line between that state and N. York, it receives the Popacton branch, which also proceeds from the Catskill mountains, in a s. w. direction to its junction. After the union of these streams, the river pursues a wind- ing coiu-se to the s. e., forming the boundary be- tween N. York and Pennsylvania, in the whole, for 50 miles. It touches tlie n. w. corner of N. Jersey at Carpenter's point, in lat. 41° 24'. It then takes a s. w. direction, vmtil at its passage through the Kittatinny or Blue mountains, it turns to the s. e. This passage, called the Dela- ware Water Gap, is a great curiosity. The banks rise in a rugged and lofty v^all, 1,600 feet high, precipitously from the water's edge, unbro- ken. The distance through the mountains is about 2 miles, and in one place the river has worn out of the rock a basin from the hill of many acres in extent. In general, there is hard- ly room along the water's edge for a road, it being in many places overhung by immense rocks. Through this pass the river has a great depth. At Easton, it receives from the w. the Leliigh, one of its principal tributaries. A little below Easton, the river passes S. Moun- tain, and has a course s. w. 60 miles to Trenton, in which distance there are 25 rapids, with a total fall of 165 feet ; but they are navigable at high water. The river, below 'I'renton, turns to the s. w. until near the bay, which it enters in a s. E. direction. The river, from its source to the ocean, is about 309 miles long. It is navigable for vessels of the largest class, 40 ms. to Phila- delphia ; and for sloops, 35 ms. i'urtlier to Tren- ton. Above the falls at Trenton, it is navigable for boats of 8 or 9 tons, 100 miles. The Dela- ware is connected to the Hudson river by the Delaware and Hudson, and Ijy tlie i\Iorris canals. There is also a canal from the Delaware to the Chesapeake bay, 14 ms. long, 60 feet wide and 8 feet deep, sufficient for the passage of small ves- sels. There are 5 bridges over the Delaware, the lowest of which is at Trenton. The largest cities and towns on the Delaware are Philadel- pliia, Burlington, Trenton, and Easton. Delaware Bay, at the mouth of Delaware r., is a large arm of the sea, 65 miles long, and 18 miles across at its mouth, between Cape May on the N., and Cape Henlopen on the s. In the mid- dle, it is 30 miles across. For 70 miles from the sea, this bay has no safe natural harbor; and within Cape Henlopen, a magnificent work, called the Delaware Breakwater, has been erect- ed by the general government, consisting of a stone dyke or pier, 1,200 yards long, and another 500 yards long, forming a safe artificial harbor. 900,000 cubic yards of stone were consumed in these structures. The stones weigh from a quarter of a ton to 3 tons each. DELAWARE. Delaware, one of the middle United States, and, next to Rhode Island, the least in the Union, is bounded N. by Pennsylvania ; e. by Delaware river and bay ; s. and w. by Maryland. It is between 38° 29' and 39° 47' n. lat., and between 74° 56' and 75° 40' w. Ion., and between 1° 13 and 1° 57' e. from W. It is 92 miles long, and 23 broad, and contains 2,120 sq. ms., or 1.356,800 acres. The population in 1790, was 59,094; in 1800, 64,272 ; in 1810, 72,674 ; in 1820, 72,749; in 1830, 76,739; in 1840, 78,085 : of which 2,605 were slaves ; 29,259 were white males, 29,302 do. females, 8,626 free colored males, 8,293 do. females. Employed in agriculture, 16,015 ; in com- merce, 467; in manufactures and trades, 4,060 ; navigating the ocean, 401; do. canals and rivers, 235 ; learned professions and engineers, 199. This state is divided into three counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, are as follows; Kent, 19,872, Dover; New Castle, 33,120, Wilmington and New Castle ; Sus- sex, 25,093, Georgetown. Tliese counties are divided into 24 hundreds. Dover, situated on Jones's creek, 7 miles from its entrance into Delaware bay, is the seat of go- vernment. The lower part of tliis state is very level. The northern partis moderately hilly and rough, and DEL 172 DEL some of the heights are commanding. An elevated table land, toward its western border, passes through the state, dividing the waters which fall into the Chesapeake, from those which fall into Delaware bay ; it contains a chain of swamps, from which the principal streams take their rise ; some flowing w. to the Chesapeake, and others E. to the Delaware. The soil in the n. is a strong clay ; in the middle it is mixed with sand ; and in the s. part, the sand predominates. In the neii^hborhood of Delaware river, the soil is rich and productive, but becomes less so toward the swamps in the w. The principal productions are wheat, of a superior quality, Indian com, rye, barley, oats, flax, buckwheat, and potatoes. The southern part affords some fine grazing land ; and from a cypress swamp on Indian river, 12 miles long from n. to s., and 6 miles broad from e. to w., large quantities of timber are exported. Wheat is the principal article of export, and the Brandywine mills, in the neighborhood of Wilmington, are among the finest in the United States. In this state there were in 1840, 14,421 horses and mules, 53,833 neat cattle, 39,247 sheep, 74,228 swine ; poultry valued at $47,265. There were produced 315,165 bush, of wheat, 5,260 of barley, 927,405 of oats, 33,546 of rye, 11,299 of buckwheat, 2,099,359 of Indian corn, 64,404 pounds of wool, 200,712 bush, of potatoes, 22,483 tons of hay, 1,458 pounds of silk cocoons. The products of the dairy amounted to $113,828, and of the orchard to $28,211. The exports in 1840, were $37,001, and the imports were $802. Tliere were 327 retail dry- goods and other stores, employing a capital of $907,750 ; 140 persons were engaged in the lumber trade, with a capital of $33,280 ; 165 persons were employed in the fisheries, with a capital of $170,000. The manufactures are more considerable than its commerce. There were home-made or family articles produced to the amount of $62,116 ; 2 woollen manufactories, employing 83 per- sons, producing articles to the amount of $104,700, and employing a capital of $107,000 ; 11 cotton manufactories, with 24,492 sp., employing 566 persons, producing articles to the amount of $332,272, and employing a capital of $330,500 ; 2 furnaces produced 17 tons of cast iron, and 5 forges produ- ced 449 tons of bar iron, with a capital of $36,200 ; 1 paper mill produced to the amount of $20,800, and other manufactures of paper to the amount of $1,500, the whole employing 15 persons, and a capital of $16,200 ; 9 persons manufactured pottery to the amount of $4,300, with a capital of $1,100 ; hats and caps were manufactured to the amountof $15,300, and straw bonnets to the amount of $450, employing 35 persons, and a capital of $9,075 ; 18 tanneries employed 66 persons, and a capital of $89,300 ; 75 other manufactories of leather, as saddleries, &c., manufactured articles to theamoimtof $166,037, employing a capital of $161,630; 9 persons manufactured confectionery to the amount of $6,500, with a capital of $2,500 ; 27 powder mills, employing 145 persons, manu- factured 2,100,000 pounds of gunpowder, with a capital of $220,000 ; 299 persons manufactured machinery to the amount of $314,500 ; 10 persons manufactured hardware and cutlery to the amount of $22,000 ; 10 persons manufactured granite and marble to the amount of $12,000 ; 1 16 per- sons produced brick and lime to the amountof $56,536 ; 143 persons manufactured carriages and wag- ons to the amount of $49,417, with a capital of $25,150; 21 flouring mills manufactured 76,194 barrels of flour, and with other mills, employed 288 persons, and produced to the amoimt of $737,971, with a capital of $294,150 ; ships were built to the amount of $35,400 ; 130 persons manu- factured furniture to the amount of $16,300, employing a capital of $34,800 ; 47 brick houses, and 104 wooden houses built, employed 299 persons, and cost $145,850 ; 6 printing oflices and 2 binderies, 3 weekly and 3 semi-weekly newspapers, and 2 periodicals, employed 33 persons, and a capital of $11,450. The whole amount of capital in the state employed in manufactures was $1,589,215. The climate of this state is generally mild, though in the northern part the winter season is sometimes considerably severe. It is generally healthy. The rivers are small. Brandywdne creek rises in Pennsylvania, is 40 miles long, and uniting with Christiana creek, forms the harbor of Wilmington, 1 m. below the town, and 2 miles w. of Delaware river. Duck creek, Mispillion creek, and Indian river flow into the Delaware. Delaware bay washes the eastern part of the state. It has no good natural harbors in this part of it. To remedy this inconvenience, the government of the United States have undertaken the construction of the Delaware Breakwater, in front of Lewiston, near Cape Henlopen. It consists of 2 piers, an ice-breaker, 1,500 feet long, and a breakwater, 3,600 feet long, and when completed, is estimated to cost $2,216,950. Wilmmgtonis the largest and most commercial town in the state. Vessels drawing 14 feet of Waaler can come to its wharves ; it has considerable trade, and has several ships engaged in the whahng busmess. The other principal towns are Dover and New Castle. There is *'>'t one college m the state, Newark College, at Newark, which was founded in 1833, ana hao, in 1840, 23 students. Besides this there were in the state, 20 academics, with 761 stu- dents ; 1&.5 primary and common schools, with 6,924 scholars ; and 4,832 persons over 20 years of age who could neither read nor write. The principal religious denominations are the Presbyterians, who, in 1836, had 15 ministers , the DEL 173 DEL Methodists, 15 ministers ; the Episcopalians, 6 ministers ; the Baptists, 9 churches and 5 ministers ; and the Roman Cathohcs, 2 ministers ; besides some Friends. In Jan., 1840, the state had 4 banks, and 4 branches, with an aggregate capital of $1,071,318. The state had no state debt. The present constitution was adopted in 1831. The governor is chosen for 4 years, and to be ever after ineligible. The senate consists of 3 members from each county, chosen for 4 years. The representatives are 7 from each county, chosen once in two years. The legislature meets once in two years, on the first Tuesday of January. The elections are held on the second Tues- day of November. Every male citizen over 22 years of age, who has resided one year in the state, and the last month in the county in which he votes, and paid a tax, has the right of suffrage ; and if he be between 21 and 22 years, and otherwise qualified, he may vote witViout the payment of a tax. The state treasurer is chosen by the legislature biennially ; and in case of his death, resigna- tion, &c., the governor fills the office until the next session of the legislature. The judicial power of the state is exercised by four common law judges and a chancellor. Of the 4 law judges, one is chief-justice, and the others are associates. ITie chief-justice and chancellor may be appointed from any part of the state, but there must be one associate judge in each county. A court consists of the chief-justice and two associates. No associate judge is permitted to sit in his own county. The legislature have power to establish such inferior courts as may be necessary. The chancel- lor exercises the powers of a court of chancery, and with all the judges, a court of appeals. The constitution provides that no act of incorporation shall be passed without a vote of two thirds, unless it be the renewal of an existing incorporation ; and all acts are to contain a power of revocation by the legislature. No act hereafter passed shall be in force longer than 20 years, without a re-enactment by the legislature. No person belonging to the military, naval, or marine service of the United States, can gain such a residence as will entitle him to vote, by being sta- tioned at any military or naval post in the state. The Chesapeake and Delaware canal, is the most important work of internal improvement in this .slate. It crosses the northern part of the state, commencing at Delaware city, 46 miles below Philadelphia, and extends 13i miles to Back creek, a navigable branch of Elk River. Being 66 feet w ide at the surface and 10 feet deep, it is navigable for sloops and steamboats. The Deep Cut in this canal is 4 miles in length, through a hill 90 feet high. This canal was commenced in 1824, and completed in 1829, at a cost of $2,200,000. The New Castle and Frenchtown railroad also forms a connection between the Delaware and Chesapeake. It extends from New Castle on the Delaware river, to Frenchtown on Elk river, is 16i miles long, and was fmished in 1832, at an expense of $400,000. Delaware was first settled by the Swedes and Finns, under the patronage of Gustavus Adolphus, and received the name of New Sweden. In 1630, they built a fort at Lewiston, and in a year after, another near Wilmington. They were too weak, and too far removed from the protection of the mother country, to sustain themselves against the Dutch, who subdued them in 1655. In 1664, this territory was included in the comitry taken by the English from the Dutch, granted by Charles II. to the Duke of York, who, in 1682, conveyed it to William Penn. Delaware remained nominally united to Pennsylvania, and under its proprietary government, until 1775 ; thougli they had, in iact, a separate government before. They were denomuiated the Lower Countries of the Delaware, and as such, were represented in the first congress at New York, in 1765. This state suffered severely in the revolutionary war, in which its citizens bore an honorable part. In con- vention, they adopted the constitution of the United States, December 3d, 1787, by a unanimous vote. Delaware, county, N. Y. Situated toward the s. E. part of the state, and contains 460 square ms. The surface is rough and hilly, but the land in the valleys is of a superior quality, and the hills are well adapted to grazing. Watered by head branches ol Delaware and Susquehanna rivers, down which lumber is floated to a market. The chief articles of export are live stock and lumber. Capital, Delhi. There were in 1840, neat cattle 56,982, sheep 135,843, swine 27,738 ; wheat 94,120 bush, produced, rye 128,053, Indian com 46,454, buckwheat 63,832, barley 1,158, oats 464,715, potatoes 779,424, sugar 398,967 pounds ; 82 stores, cap. $280,897 ; 24 fulling m., 5 wool- len fac, 23 tanneries, 52 grist m., 220 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $312,495. 2 acad. 433 students, 284 sch. 10,651 scholars. Pop. 1830, 32,933; 1840, 35,396. Delaware, county, Pa. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 220 square miles Drained by Darby, Ridley, and Chester creeks, which afford numerous mill seats. The surface is undulating, and the soil productive. A large amount of the vegetables in the Philadelphia market is supplied from this county, and the amount of its manufactures is great. Capital, t'hester. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,786, sheep 7,121, swine 12,426; wheat 91,381 bushels produced, rye 3,359, Ind. corn 178,264, buckwheat 1,846, barley 3,443, oats 219,047, potatoes 81,895, silk cocoons 210 pounds ; 43 stores, cap. $126,000 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $9,500 ; 5 fulhng m., 1 fur- nace, 9 woollen fac, 21 cotton fac. 36,202 sp., 3 dyeing and print, estab., 12 tanneries, 4 potter- ies, 2 flouring m., 29 grist m., 39 saw m., 1 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $671,824. 2 colleges 118 stu- dents, 51 sch. 2,257 scholars. Pop. 1830, 17,361 ; 1840, 19,791. DEL 174 DEM Dklaware, county, O. Situated in the cen- tral part of the state, and contains 610 sq. miles. The Scioto and Whetstone rivprs, and Alum and Big Walnut creeks, pass thnnigh the county from N. to s., and, with other streams, afford many mill seats. The soil is well adapted to farming. Capital, Delaware. There were in 1840, neat cattle 19,732, sheep 26,810, swine 37,331 ; wheat 139,531 bush, produced, rye 3,620, Indian corn 410,618, buckwheat 14,237, barley 4,222, oats 206,282, potatoes 68,037, tobacco 18,250 pounds, sugar 269,087 ; 38 stores, cap. «i79,755 ; 1 woollen fac, 19 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 37 grist m., 67 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in nianufac. $149,970. 1 acad. 42 students, 42 sch. 3,365 scholars. Pop. 1830, 11,523; 1840,22,060. Delaware, county, la. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 384 sq. ras. The j;urface is generally level, and the soil productive. Drained by the w. fork of White r., and Missis- sinevva r., besides Bell and Buck creeks. Capi- tal, Muncictown. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 6,455, sheep 6,952, swine 1 1,465 ; wheat 58,902 bush, produced, rye 3,633, Indian corn 345,888, buckwheat 1,583, oats 82,548, potatoes 20,780, isugar 99,778 pounds ; 16 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 13 grist m., 14 saw ni. Cap. in manufac. $51,621. 1,329 scholars in schools. Pop. 1830, 2,374 ; 1840, 8,843. Delaware, county, Iowa. Situated in the n. part of the territory, and contains 576 sq. miles. Watered by Macoquetais r. and its tributaries. The surface is dry and rolling, and the soil is fertile. It abounds with excellent timber. Iron ore is found. It is attached to Dubuque co. for judicial purposes. Tliere were in 1840, neat cat- tle 228, sheep 25, swine 574 ; wheat 450 bushels produced, Ind. com 3,775, oats 690, potatoes 1,475. Pop. 168. Delaware, t., Hunterdon co., N. J. Situated on the e. side of the Delaware r., and drained by Wickhecheoke cr. It has 7 stores, cap. 12,000 ; 3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 6 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $12,360, 8 sch. 227 scholars. Pop. 2,305. Delaware, t., Mercer co.. Pa., 7 n. w. Mer- cer. The surface is uneven ; soil, clay and loam. Drained by Chenango and Lackawan- nock crs. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery. Cap. in manufac. $1,600. 12 sch. 455 scholars. Pop. 2,024. Delaware, p-t.. Pike co.. Pa., 148 n. e. Har- risburg, 242 W. Watered by Dingman's cr. and Bushkill cr. Surface, uneven and broken ; soil, gravelly loam. The v. has an academy, to which the state gave $1,000. It has 5 sch. 128 scholars. Pop. 590. Delaware, t., Williams co., O., lying on Mau- mee r., w. of Defiance. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $500. 2 sch. 41 scholars. Pop. 201. Delaware, C. H., p-v., capital of Delaware CO., O., 21 N. Columbus, 408 W. It is pleasantly situated on the w. bank of the Oleatangy or Whetstone r., across which is a handsome bridge. It contains a handsome brick court house, 3 churches— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 12 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 printing office, 150 houses, and 898 inhabitants. There is a white sulphur spring in the s. e. border of the v., where a spacious mansion house is erected for visiters, and which is considerably frequented. There are also several chalybeate .springs in the immediate vicinity. Pop. of t. 1,091. Delaware, t., Hancock co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,015. 4 sch. 106 scholars. Pop. 451. Delaware, p-v., Jersey co., 111., 59 s. w. Springfield, 826 W. Del.'Vware, t., Hamilton co., la. It has 2 sch. 39 scholars. Pop. 753. Delaware, p-v., Ripley co., la., 65 s. E. In- dianapolis, 536 W. Pop. 1,258. Delaware, city and p-v., Newcastle co., Del., 35 N. Dover, 130 W. Situated on the w. bank of Delaware r., at the entrance of the Ches- apeake and Delaware canal. It contains 30 or 40 large buildings. Delaware Grove, p-o., Mercer co., Pa., 240 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 283 W. Delectable Hill, p-o.. Pike co., la., 139 s. w Lidianapolis, 670 W. Delhi, p-t., capital of Delaware co., N. Y., 77 w. s. w. Albany, 327 W. The surface is broken, but the soil in the valleys is fertile. Drained by branches of Delaware r., wMch here unite to form the Mohawks or w. branch of the Delaware. The V. is pleasantly situated on a plain, on the w. side of the w. branch of Cooquago or Mo- hawks r. It has a fine court house, a jail, an academy, 3 churches, 10 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 printing offices, 125 dwell- ings, and about 800 inhabitants. Pop. of the t. 2,554. The t. has 10 stores, cap. $45,000 ; 2 full- ing m., 1 woollen fac, 2 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $35,700. 1 ac^. 183 students, 17 sch. 642 scholars. Delhi, t., Hamilton co., O., between Cincin- nati and North Bend. It is a small townsliip of excellent land. It has 3 sch. 107 scholars. Pop. 1,466. Delhi, p-v., Jersey co.. 111., 78 s. w. Spring- field, 820 W. Delphi, p-v., Pompey t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 119 w. by N. Albany, 342 W. It contains 2 churches, 3 stores 35 dwellings, and about 250 in- habitants. Delphi, p-v., Marion co., Tenn., 114 s. e. Nashville, 611 W. Situated on the w. side of Sequatchy r. Delphi, p-v., capital of Carroll co., la., 66 n. n. w. Indianapolis, 624 W. Situated on the E. side of Wabash r., at the entrance of Deer cr. Near this place is a remarkable spring of water, of a reddish color. It contains a court house, 2 chiu-ches, several stores, 35 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Delphi, p-v.. Gasconade co., Mo., 53 s. e. Jef- ferson city, 917 W. Situated on the n. side of Bourbeuse cr. Delpiiton, p-v., Fayette co., Ky., 20 e. by s. Frankfort, 530 W. Delta, p-v., Lee t, Oneida co., N. Y., 112 w. N. w. Albany, 396 W. It contains 1 church, 3 stores, 1 large flouring m., 1 fulUng m., 1 furnace, 1 distillery, 50 dwellings, and about 350 inhabit- ants. Delta, p-o., Lucas co., O., 145 n. by w. Co- lumbus, 476 W. Delta, p-o., Parke co., la., 73 w. Indianapolis, 644 W. Delta, p-o., Coahoma co.. Miss. Delmar, t., Tioga co.. Pa. It has 11 stores, cap. $18,400 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 3 grist m., 13 saw iiu Cap. in manufac. $23,050. 5 sch. 125 scholars Pop. 946. Demand, t., Randolph co.. Ark. It has 1 sch 20 scholars. Pop. 319. Democrat, p-o., Carroll co., la. Democracy, p-o., Pike t., Knox co., O., 59 a Columbus, 377 W. DEP 175 DER Demopolis, p-v., Marengo co., Ala., 64 s. s. w. Tuscaloosa, 876 W. Siluated on the e. bank of Tombigbee r., a little below the mouth of Black Warrior r. It contains a U. S. land, office, 30 stores, and 150 dwellings. De.moss, p-o., Belmont co., O., 126 e. Colum- bus, 287 W. Dempseytown, p-o., Venango co.. Pa. De.'^mark, p-t., Oxford co., Me., 82 s. w. Au- gusta, 47 N. w. Portland, 569 W. Saco r. runs on its s. w. border. It has a good soil, producing excellent wheat. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,500; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 3 saw m., 15 sch. 490 scholars. Pop. 1,143. Denmark, p-t., Lewis co., N. Y., 146 n. w. Albany, 435 W. Black r. runs on its n. e. bor- der. Watered also by Deer cr. The surface is hilly, and the soil a rich loam, underlaid with limestone. It has 4 stores, cap. $17,800; 1 fur- nace, 2 lulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 5 saw ra., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 1 11, 200. 1 acad. 120 students, 18 sch. 773 schol- ars. Pop. 2,3S3. Denmark, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 20S n. e. Columbus, 335 W. Organized in 1815. It has 1 grist m., and 2 saw m. 3 sch. 64 scholars. Pop. 176. DENMARK, p-v., Madison co., Tenn., 146 s. w. by w. Nashville, 831 W. De.nnis, p-t., Barnstable co., Mass., 81 s. E. Boston, 482 W. It extends across Cape Cod. Salt has long been made here by the evaporation of sea water. There were m 1840, 37,315 bush, produced. Bass r., issuing from a small pond, affords some water power. Considerable ship- ping is owned at this place, engaged in the fish- cries and the coasting trade. It has 19 stores, cap. $22,325 ; 1 tannery, 5 grist m. Cap. in fish- eries $36,300 ; in manufac. $9,192. 14 sch. 899 scholars. Pop. 2,912. Denni.s, p-t.. Cape May co., N. J., 85 s. Tren- ton, 195 W. Post-office called Dennis Creek. Dennis cr., which enters Delaware bay, runs on its s. w. border. The n. part consists of sandy plains. There are in the t. 2 churches ; 7 stores, cap. $13,800; 2 grist m., 6 saw m., 4 sch. 205 scholars. Pop. 1,350. Dennison, t., Luzerne co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $13,000; 1 powder m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $42,500. 1 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 976. Dennisville, p-o., Amelia co., Va., 53 s. w. Richmond, 170 W. Denna'sville, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 174 E. N. e. Augusta, 760 W. Dennis r. runs on its s. w. border, and enters Cobscook bay, which lies s. of it. It has 2 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,500. 2 sch. 178 scholars. Pop. 378. Denton, p-o.. Pike co.. Pa., 133 n. e. Harris- burg, 232 W. De.nton, p-v., capital of Caroline co., Md., 65 E. Annapolis, 105 W. Situated on the e. bank of Choptank r. It contains a court house and several dwellings. Dentonsvii^le, p-v., Hanover co., Va., 21 n. Richmond, 13SW. Dent's Mills, p-o., Monongalia co., Va., 292 N. w. Richmond, 223 W. Depauville,p-v., Clayton t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 178 N. w. Albany, 423 W. It is situated on the E. side of Chaumont r.,and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Depere, p-v., capital of Brown co., Wiscon- sin, 153 n. e. Madison, 943 W. Depeyster, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 198 N. N. w. Albany, 467 W. The surface is undu- lating, and the soil fertile, and easily tilled. Black lake lies on its w. border, and Oswegatchie river passes through it. It has 1 saw m., 5 sch., 165 scholars. Pop. 1,074. Deposit, p-v., Tompkins t., Delaware co., N. Y., 118 w. s. w. Albany, 300 W. Situated on the N. side of Delaware r., and contains 1 Presby- terian and 1 Baptist church, 5 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1(X) dwellings, and about 6'30 inhabit- ants. Much lumber is floated from this place, down the Delaware, to a market. Deptford, t., Gloucester co., N. J. It has a level surface, and a sandy soil. The s. part is chiefly a pine forest, furnishing timber and wood. Drained by Big Timber cr. and branches of Egg Harbor r. Woodbury v., the capital of the co., is in tliis t. There are in the t. 14 stores, cap. $28,000; 3 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- paper, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,900. 7 sch. 662 scholars. Pop. 2,570. Derby, p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 58 n. n. e. Mont- pelier, 574 W. It is bounded w. by Lake Mem- phremagog, and n. by the Canada line. Watered by Clyile r., issuing from Salem pond, on wliicli are mill seats. Pine timber is found near the lake, where the soil is light; but furtlier back, the growth is hard wood, and the soil is ferlile. Organized in 17;»8. It has 7 stores, cap. $21,700 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distil- lery, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $27,850. 12 sch. 658 scholars. Pop. 1,631. Derby, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 44 s. w. Hartford, 300 W. The surface is uneven ; the soil, particularly on the banks of the rivers, is fer- tile. Watered by Housatonic, which washes its s. w. border, and Naugatuck rivers. The prin- cipal V. is situated at the head of sloop naviga- tion, on the E. side of the Housatonic r., just be- low the junction of Naugatuck r., 12 miles from the sound. Naugatuck r. affords excellent water power. The harbor is good for vessels of 80 tons, audits navigation is confined chiefly to the coast- ing trade with New York. A few miles back from the Housatonic, on Naugatuck r., is the romantic village of Humphreysville, wliere i.s a large woollen factory, which was one of the fir.'-t established in the United States. There are in the t. 6 churches — 2 Congregational, 3 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist ; 13 store.s, cap. $32,800 ; 1 lum- ber yard, cap. $3,000; 6 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 2,378 sp., 3 tanneries, 4 distit- leries, 1 rope fac, 2 paper fac, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $200,70!), principally in metals. 2 acad. 57 students, 11 sch. 695 scholars. Pop. 2,851. Derby Line, p-o., Derby t., Orleans co., Vt., 61 N. N. e. Montpelicr, 377 W. Derickson's Cross Roads, p-o., Worcester CO., Mass., 107 s. e. Annapolis, 147 W. Derry, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 28 s. i;. Concord, 457 W. Taken from the e. part ol' Londonderry in 1823. It has a fertile soil, well adapted to grazing. It has some manufactures. The V. is pleasantly situated, 'niere are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $19,500 ; 3 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 5 gri.st m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $28,100] 3 acad. 170 students, 11 sch. 521 scholars. Pop. 2,034. Derry, t., Mifflin co.. Pa. Watered by Kish- coquilla cr. It contains Lewistown, the capital of the CO. It has 1 forge, 3 tanneries, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,160. 6 sch. 199 scholars. Pop. 1,080. Derry, t., Dauphin co.. Pa., 12 s. e. Harris- bnrg. The surface is diversified ; soil, calcareous loam and slate. It has 7 stores, cap. .$23,500 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $3,500 ; 2 fulling m., 2 wool- DES 176 DET len fac, 2 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manui'ac. $7,754. 2 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 1,816. Derry, p-t., Columbia co., Pa., 84 n. by e. Harrisburg, 194 W. The surface is level ; soil, clay and calcareous loam. It has 5 stores, cap. $23,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,975. 5 sch. 106 scholars. Pop. 1,754. De Ruyter, p-t., 3Iadison co., N. Y., 122 w. by N. Albany, 340 W. The surface is elevated and hilly, and the soil clay and sandy loam. Drained by Toughnioga r. The v. was incorpo- rated in 1833, and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, an academy, 4 stores, 1 tannery, 60 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $45,900 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 rope fac, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $46,100. 1 acad. 194 students, 14 sch. 520 scholars. Pop. 1,799. Desha, county, Aik. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, and contains 800 sq. ms. The Mississippi passes along its eastern border, and the Arkansas and White rivers unite and pass through the county. The surface is level, liable to be submerged in some parts ; soil, fertile. Capital, Belleville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,592, sheep 229, swine 4,885 ; Ind. corn 65,455 bush, produced, potatoes 3,942, cotton 75,430 pounds; 11 stores, cap. $13,534; 6 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- paper. Cap. in manufac. $14,130. Pop. whites 1,155, slaves 407, free col'd 36; total, 1,598. Des Moines, r., Iowa, rises in the Coteau des Prairies, and flows in a s. E. direction through the s. part of the ter., and enters the Mississippi at the foot of the Des Moines rapids, on the boundary between Iowa and Missouri. In high water it is navigable 100 miles for steamboats, and for keel boats in all seasons. Des Moines, county, Iowa. Situated in the s. E. part of the ter., and contains 410 sq. ms. Mis- sissippi r. flows on its e. border. Drained by Flint r. and its tributaries. Skunk r. forms its s. w. boundary. It consists of timber and prairie in due proportions, and has a fertile soil. Capi- tal, Bui-lington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,488, sheep 3,424, swine 15,940; wheat 15,810 bush, produced, Ind. corn 190,720, oats 50,933, potatoes 17,428 ; 22 stores, cap. 128,975 ; 3 com. houses, cap. $14,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $1,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 2 grist m., 7 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $46,650. 16 sch. 352 scholars. Pop. 5,577. ^ Des Moines, p-v., Hancock co., 111., 124 w. n. w. Springfield, 899 W. Des Moines, t., Clark co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 22 scholars. Pop. 435. De Soto, county. Miss. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 925 sq. ms. Drained by Cold Water r. and branches. The Missis- sippi r. passes along its n. w. corner. Capital, Hernando. Tliere were in 1840, neat cattle 8,86-i, sheep 2,016, swine 17,204; wheat 2,600 bushels produced, Ind. corn 159,145, oats 3,250, potatoes 12,150, cotton 251,078 pounds; 4 stores, capital $3,300 ; 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap in manufac $38,780. 13 sch. 322 scholars Pop whites 3,975, slaves 3,021, free col'd 6 ; total 7,002. ' Des Pl.unes, p-o., Cook co., 111., 182 n e bv N. Springfield, 741 W. ' . <^. uy Des Plaines, r., one of the head branches of Ilknois r., rises in Wisconsin, a. few miles above the boundary of Illinois, and runs generally over a bed of limestone rock, through a fertile coun- try. Detroit, city, capital of Wayne co., Mich., and of the state, 302 w. Buffalo, 524 W. It has a pleasant and healthy situation, on a river or strait of the same name, 30 feet above its surface, with a fine view of the surrounding country. It is 7 miles below the outlet of Lake St. Clair, and 18 above the w. end of Lake Erie, in 42° 19' 53" N. lat., and 82° 58' w. long., and 5° 56' 12" w. long, from W. Pop. 1810, 770 ; 1820, 1,422 ; 1830, 2,222 ; 1840, 9,102. It extends for the distance of a mile upon the r., and three fourths of a mile back. For 1,200 feet back of the r. its plan is rectangular. From this point 8 avenues, 200 feet wide, radiate, dividing it into triangular portions, all terminating at a large open area, called the Grand Circus. The principal public and private offices, and drygoods stores, are located on Jef- ferson avenue, a fine street running parallel with the r. There are several public squares, the most noted of which is called the Campus Mar- tins. The city is drained by public sewers. The city is partially supplied with water from an elevated reservoir, filled with water raised by steam pwwer from the river. Detroit is among the earlier settlements of N. America, having been founded by the French from Canada in 1683. Among the public buildings are the State House, of brick, of the Ionic order, 90 by 60 feet, with 6 columns in front, and pilasters on the sides. The dome presents an extensive and fine view of the surrounding country. The City Hall, of brick, is a neat edifice, 100 feet by 50. The lower story is a market, and the second contains a spacious hall, in which the courts are held. It contains 8 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 Baptist, 1 German Lu- theran, 2 for colored people, supplied by clergy- men of different denominations, and 2 Roman Catholic. Some of these churches are large and splendid buildings. Tlie Bank of Michigan is a fine stone edifice, of Grecian architecture, 56 by 40 feet. There are 3 other banks, and the whole capital of the banks is $2,250,000. There are a U. S. land office, 3 markets, a theatre, a muse- um, a public garden, state penitentiary, govern- ment magazine, and mechanics' hall. There are various charitable and benevolent institu- tions. The Protestants and the Roman Catholics have each an orphan asylum. The ladies' free school society educate 200 indigent children. There are several literary and scientific societies. There are 3 female institutes of a high order, and several equally respectable schools for boys, besides 12 public schools, attended by about 500 children. Detroit is admirably situated for trade, and is becoming a great commercial emporium. The navigation of the river and lake are open about 8 months in the year. The arrivals of vessels and steamboats at this place are about 300 annually, and the clearances are as many. The tonnage of the port in 1810 was 11,432 tons. The first steamboat arrival at this place, was in August, 1818. Now, several of the largest class arrive and depart daily. The central railroad, which is designed to extend across the peninsula, is fin- ished 44 ms. from Detroit to Ann Arbor. Detroit was incorporated as a city in 1815. It has seve- ral times suffered severely by fires. There were in 1840, 1 1 commission houses in for. trade, cap. $123,000 ; 1 13 retail stores, cap. $412,760 ; 4 lum- ber yards, cap. $31,500 ; 3 furnaces, 1 tannery, 2 breweries,l pottery, 3 printing offices, 2 binderies,3 daily and 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $172,375. DEX 177 DTL Detroit, river, N. America, forms the bound- ary between Canada and the United States, and extends from Lake St. Clair, 28 ms., to Lake Erie. Opposite to Detroit, it is three fourths of a mile wide, and increases in width as it descends. It is navigable for vessels of any burden. Near its mouth are several islands, the largest of which are Grosse and Fighting islands. The principal channel is on the eastern side, between Boisblanc Island and the Canada shore ; the western chan- nel is wider, but iuU of small islands. Back from the r. the land descends into low grounds, and the settlements are only one farm deep on the banks of the r. The settlements appear like a contin- ued village on the British shore, and also on the American shore for many miles above and below Detroit, and the houses are surrounded with fruit trees, presenting a delightful spectacle in passing through the strait. 1)etroit, p-o., Somerset co., Me. Devereaux, p-o., Herkimer co., N. Y. Devereaux's Store, p-o., Hancock co., Ga., 15 N. E. Milledgeville, 563 W. De Witt, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 126 w. by N. Albany, 351 W. The surface is moderately luieven, and the t. contains inexhaustible quanti- ties of water lime, which is extensively exported. It has 7 stores, cap. $18,450 ; 2 tanneries, 3 flour- ing m., 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $38,175. 1 acad. 32 students, 19 sch. 808 schol- ars. Pop. 2,802. De Witt, p-v., and capital of Clinton county, Mich., 96 N. w. by w. Detroit, 5'J9 W. De Witt, p-v., Carroll co., Mo. Situated on the N. side of Missouri r., 8 ms. above the mouth of Grand r., and contains 200 inhabitants. De Witt's Valley, p-v., Burns t., Alleghany CO., N. Y., 248 w. by s. Albany, 326 W. It con- tains 1 store, 1 tannery, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. De Wittsville, p-o., Chautauque t., Chau- tauque co., N. Y., 318 w. by s. Albany, 335 W. Dexter, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 71 N. n. e. Augusta, 666 W. The soil is fertile, and produ- ces good wheat. It occupies the height of land between Penobscot and Kennebec rivers, to both of wliich its waters flow. A large pond, cover- ing 500 acres, furnishes, by its outlet, good mill seats, where the v. is situated. It has 7 stores, cap. $13,700 ; 5 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tan- neries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $49,506. 10 sch. 306 scholars. Pop. 1,464. Dexter, p-v., Brownville t., Jefferson co., N. Y. It is situated on the n. side of Black r., at its mouth, where is extensive water power, and an uninterrupted navigation to Lake Ontario. The United States are constructing piers for tlie im- provement of the harbor. It has several vessels which ply regularly between this place and Os- wego, and other places on the lake. It is of re- cent growth, and contains 1 Episcopal church, 3 stores, and an extensive warehouse and wharf It has 1 large woollen fac, 1 clothier's works, 1 flouring m., 4 double saw m., 1 planing machine, 1 oil m., 1 plaster m., 1 iron foundry, 1 axe fac, and other mechanic establishments. Dexter, p-v., Scio t., Washtenaw co., Mich., 52 w. Detroit, 533 W. It has an elevated and pleasant location on Mill cr., at its entrance into Huron r. It has 7 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., and 1 tannery. The water power here is very extensive. The railroad from Detroit to St. Jo- seph will pass through the place. Dexterville, v., Ellicott town, Chautauque county, N. y. Situated on the n. side of the outlet of Chautauque lake, possesses great wa- ter power, and furnishes 2,000,000 feet of pine 23 boards annually, besides lath and shingles, and has some other manufactures. It is of recent ori- gin, but promising. Diamond Grove, p-v., Brunswick co., Va., 80 s. s. w. Richmond, 196 W. Diamond Grove, p-o., Iowa co.. Wis., 57 w. Madison, 889 W. Diamond Hill, p-o., Anson co., N. C, 154 s. w. Raleigh, 423 W. Diana, t.. Levels co., N. Y., 154 n. w. Albany. The surface is hilly, and the soil sandy and gra- velly loam, well adapted to grazing. Drained by Oswegatchie and Indian rivers. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 furnace, 4 saw m., 10 sch. 294 scholars. Pop. 883. Diana IVIills, Buckingham co., Va., 75 w. Richmond, 149 W. It contains 2 stores, 2 mills, and a number of dwellings. Dickinson, p-t., Franklin co., N. Y., 222 n. n. w. Albany, 15 s. w. Malone, 523 W. It is a large town, 40 ms. long, settled to the n., but a wilder- ness toward the s., abounding with lakes, and has a heavy growth of timber. Drained by branches of Racket and St. Regis rivers. The soil is va- rious. There is a small v. at the post-oflice. It has 2 saw m., 7 sch. 342 scholars. Pop. 1,005. Dickinson, p-t., Cumberland co.. Pa., 24 s. w. Harrisburg, 111 W. Drained by Yellow Breech- es cr. The surface is hilly ; soil, calcareous loam. Iron ore abounds. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,300 ; 2 furnaces, 2 forges, 1 fulling in., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 5 flouring m., 2 grist m., 11 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $35,175. 10 sch. 350 scholars. Pop. 2,701. Dickinson, p-v., Franklin co., Va., 170 w. s. w. Richmond, 245 W. Dickinson's Store, p-o., Bedford co., Va., 149 w. by s. Richmond, 221 W. Dickinson VI LLE, p-v., Russell co., Va., 342 w. by s. Richmond, 401 W. Dickson, county, Tenn. Situated toward the N. w. part of the state, and contains 100 sq. ms. It has Cumberland r. on its n. e. border. It is on the height of land between Cumberland and Ten- nessee rivers, its waters flowing into both. The surface is an elevated table land, and the soil moderately good. Capital, Charlotte. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,445, sheep 6,370, swine 26,570 ; wheat 26,560 bush, produced, rye 1,931, Ind. corn 336,161, oats 74,861, potatoes 6,373, to- bacco 43,540 pounds, cotton 13,036, sugar 4,961 ; 10 stores, cap. $72,300 ; 5 tan., 3 dist., 12 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,047. 13 sch. 414 scholars. Pop. 1830, 7,265 ; 1840, whites 5,370, slaves 1,687, free col'd 17 ; total, 7,074. Dickson's Mills, p-o., Parke co., la., 62 w. Indianapolis, 627 W. DicKSBURG, p-v., Knox CO., la., 130 s. w. In- dianapolis, 700 W. DiGHTON, p-t., and port of entry, Bristol co., Mass., 41 s. Boston, 421 W. Situated on the vv. side of Taunton r., which is navigable to this place for small vessels. It has some shipping, and considerable manufactures, and some vessels are built. On the opposite bank of the r. is the " Dighton Rock," celebrated for an ancient in- scription, which has never been satisfactorily ex- plained. It has 9 stores, cap. $5,250 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 3,416 sp., 2 grist m., Isawm. Cap. in manufac $129,199. 7 sch. 421 scholars. Pop. 1,378. Dill's Bottom, p-o., Mead t., Belmont co., O., 142 E. Columbus, 269 W. Dillon's, p-o., Tazewell co., HI., 53 N.Spring- field, 775 W. Here is a large settlement. Dillon's Run, p-o., Hampshire co., Va., 171 N. N. w. Richmond, 99 W. DIX 178 DOE DiLLONSViLLE, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 196 a. w. by w. Raleigli, 433 W. DiLLSBORo', p-v., Dearborn co., la., 85 s. e. Indianapolis, 533 W. DiLLSBURG, p-v., Carroll t., York co.. Pa., 13 s. s. w. Harrisburg, 97 W. Dill's Ferry, p-o., Northampton co., Pa., 125 E. N. E. Harrisburg, 218 W. The ferry crosses the Delaware in Upper Mount Bethel t., 18 ms. above Easton. DiLWORTHTOWN, p-v., Birmingham t., Chester CO., Pa., 78 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 116 W. It con- tains about 20 dwellings. Dimock's, p-t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 177 n. N. E. Harrisburg, 278 W. It has 1 store, cap. $3,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,145. 8 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 998. Dimocksville, p-v., Susquehaima co.. Pa., 176 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 279 W. DiNGMAN, t., Pilie CO., Pa. Post-office called Dingman's FerrJ^ 154 n. e. by e. Harrisburg, 248 W. It has an academy, endowed by the state with $1,000 ; 3 sch. 70 scliolars. Pop. 447. DiNSMORE, p-t., Shelby co., O., 103 w. n. w. Columbus, 494 W. It has 2 schools, 41 scholars. Pop. 500. District, t., Berks co.. Pa. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly and indifferent. Watered by Pme cr. It has 1 store, cap. $3,500; 1 forge, 3 distilleries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. 583. DiNwiDDiE, county, Va. Situated toward the s. E. part of the state, and contains 616 sq. ms. Drained by Appomattox r., and branches of Not- taway r. The sui'face is gently rolling. Capital, Dinwiddle C. H. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 9,730, sheep 7,611, swine 20,051 ; wheat 36,883 bush, produced, Ind. com 284,461, oats 137,210, potatoes 17,711, tobacco 2,219,109 pounds, cotton 72,610 ; 6 commercial and 8 commission houses, cap. $875,000; 128 stores, cap. $1,046,355; 2 lumber yards, cap. $6,000 ; 1 furnace, 6 forges, 1 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 7,520 sp., 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 12 flouring m., 38 grist m., 8 saw m., 2 prmtmg offices, 3 binderies, 1 semi-weekly news- paper. Cap. in manufac. $781,435. 18acad.615 students, 14 sch. 279 scholars. Pop. 1830, 21,901 ; 1840, whites 9,847, slaves 9,947, free col'd 2,764 ; total, 22,558. DiNwiDDiE, C. H., capital of Dinwiddle co., Va., 37 s. by w. Richmond, 156 W. Situated on Stony creek. Dismal Swamp, Va. and N. C, commences a little s. of Norfolk, Va., and extends into N. C. It is a marshy tract, covering 150,000 acres, and is 30 ms. long, from n. to s., and 10 wide. It is mostly covered with a heavy growth of trees, vvith underbrush so thick as to be almost imper- vious. In the midst of the swamp, toward its w. side, is Lake Druimuond, 15 mUes in circumfer- ence. Through tliis swamp passes the Dismal Swamp canal, which connects Deep Creek, a tri- butary of Chesapeake bay, to a branch of Pas- quotank r., which enters Albemarle sound. It is 23 ms. long, 6i feet deep, 46 wide at top, and at intervals of a quarter of a mile, 60 feet, for turn- out stations. It is fed from Lake Drummond, by a navigable side-cut, 5 ms. in length. Dividing Creek, p-v., Downe t.,CumbeHand CO., N. J., 81 Trenton, 193 \V. Situated on a creek of the same name, which (lows into Mau- rice creek cove, in Delaware bay, and which is navigable to the v. It contains 1 store, a grist ra., and about 30 dwellings. Dix, p-o., Jefferson co., N. Y., 186 n. w Alba- ny, 438 W. Dix, t., Chemimg co., N. Y., 16 n. Elmira, 185 w. s. w. Albany. The surface is hilly, and the soil gravelly loam. Drained by Catharine's cr. It has 4 stores, cap. $9,800 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 5 grist m., 12 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $29,750. 12 sch. 603 scholars. Pop. 1,990. DixBOROUGii, p-v., Superior t., Washtenaw co., Mich., 36 w. Detroit, 532 W. It contains 2 stores, 1 saw m., and 1 flouring m., and is surrounded by a fertile country. DixFiELD, p-t., Oxford CO., Me., 37 n. n. w. Augusta, 609 W. Situated on the n. bank of Androscoggin r. Incorporated in 1803. It has a productive soil, adapted to the growth of wheat ; 3 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 4 grist m. 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,950. 9 sch. 255 scholars. Pop. 1,169. Dix Hills, p-o., Huntmgton t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 183 s. by e. Albany, 263 W. DixMONT, p-t., Penobsc-ot co.. Me., 43 n. e. Augusta, 638 W. Incorporated in 1807. It has an undulating surface, and a fertile soil, and oc- cupies the height of land between Penobscot and Kennebec rivers. Its streams afford some water povver. It has 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $8,667. 12 schools, 626 scholars. Pop. 1,498. Dixon, p-o.. Neshoba co., Miss., 73 e. n. e. Jackson, 943 W. Dixon, t., Preble co., O. Situated on the line of the state of Indiana. Organized in 1812. It has a good soil, and is well watered and cultiva- ted. It contains 2 stores, 3 flouring m., and 6 saw m. Pop. 1,290. Dixon, p-v., capital of Ogle co., 111., 161 n. Springfield, 824 W. Situated on the s. E. side of Rock r. It contains a court house, a U. S. land-office, 1 store, and a few dwellings. Dixon's Springs, p-o.. Smith co., Tenn., 51 e. Nashville, 642 W. DixoNviLLE, p-v.. Cole CO., Mo., 8 Jefferson city, 944 W. Dix's, p-o.. Bracken co., Ky., 82 n. e. Frank- fort, 500 W. DixviLLE, t., Coos CO., N. H. Pop. 4. DixviLLE, p-v., Henry co., Va., 200 s. w. by w. Richmond, 277 W. Doake's Stand, p-o., Madison co., Miss., 36 N. E. Jackson, 974 W. Doansborough, po., Southeast t., Putnam county, N. Y. Dobb's Ferry, p-v., Greenburg t., Westches- ter CO., N. Y., 126 s. Albany, 248 W. It has a steamboat landing, 2 churches, 1 store, and 30 dwellings. Dockey's Store, p-o., Richmond co., N. C, 129 s. w. Raleigh, 403 W. DocoN, t., Linn co.. Mo. Pop. 51. Dodge, county. Wis. ter., situated n. e. of the centre, and contains 756 sq. ms. It has some prairie, and considerable swampy land. Drained by Rock and Beaverdam rivers, and Rubicon cr. There were in 1840, neat cattle 150, swine 105 ; Ind. corn 2,000 bushels produced, oats 2,100, po- tatoes 2,425. Pop. 67. DoDGEviLLE, p-v., lowa CO., Wis. ter., 44 w. Madison, 891 W. Dodgingtown, p-o., Fairfield co., Ct., 66 s. w. Hartford, 297 W. DoDSON, t., Highland co., O. It has 3 sch. 136 scholars. Pop. 795. Dodsonville. p-v., Marsliall co., Ala., 145 n. E. Tuscaloosa, 68H W. Doe Hill, p-o., Pendleton co., Va., 160 n. w Richmond, 187 W. Doe River, p-o., Carter co., Tenn., 319 e. Nashville, 432 W. DOR 179 DOU Doe Run, p-o., Chester co., Pa., 70 e. s. e. Hamsburg, 114 W. Dogwood, p-o., Walker co., Ga., 203 N. w. Milledgeville, 613 W. Doi.ixGTON, p-v., Buck.s CO., Pa., 119 e. Har- risburg, 163 W. It has a church and 10 or 12 dwellings. DoLSENTOWN, p-v., Minisink t., Orange co., N. Y., 100 s. by w. Albany, 273 W. It contains a church, 2 stores, 1 distillery, 20 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. DoN.vLDsoNviLLE, p-v., AscensioH par.. La., 73 w. by N. New Orleans, 1,245 W. Situated on the s. side of Mississippi r., just below the outlet of La Fourche. It was formerly the capital of the state, and has a court house, jail, an arsenal, market house, a Roman Catholic church, a col- lege, 1 male and 2 female academies, a LI. S. surveyor-general"s oflice, and about 1,000 in- habitants. Donegal, t., Butler county. Pa., 9 n. e. Butler. The surface is rolling or hilly ; soil, clay, sand, and gravel. Drained by Bear cr., a branch of Buffalo cr., and tributaries of Conequenessing cr. Iron ore and stone coal are abundant. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,390; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,510. 9 seh. 400 scbolars. Pop. 1,615. Donegal, t., Washington co.. Pa., 9 n. e. But- ler. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Coal is abundant. Drained by the Dutch fork of Buffalo cr., Bush run, and Castleman's run. The nation- al road runs through it. It has 3 stores, cap. $70,000; 1 distillery. Cap. in manufac. $950. 1 acad. 22 students, 11 sch. 330 scholars. Pop. 1,747. Donegal, p-o., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 160 w. Ilarrisburg, 186 W. The surface consists of hills and valleys ; soil, calcareous loam. Dramed by Four Mile and Two Mile run. Jacob's and Indian creeks afford water power. It has 2 tan- neries, 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,300. 10 sch. 396 scholars. Pop. 2,261. Donnell's, p-o., Allen co., O., 93 n. n. w. Columbus, 483 W. Donnellsville, p-o., Clarke co., O., 51 w. by s. Columbus, 444 W. Dooley, county, Ga., situated centrally toward tlie s. part of the state, and contains about 1,600 sq. ms. It occupies the height of land between Ocmulgee and Flint rivers, and is drained by tributaries of both. Capital, Vienna. There were in 1840, neat cattle 19,854, sheep 1,950, swine 10,209 ; wheat 7,064 bushels produced, Indian corn 106,472, potatoes 8,405, cotton 2,576,795 pounds; 6 stores, cup. $465,000; 13 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 acad. 45 students, 3 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 1830, 2,135; 1840, whites 3,234, slaves 1,185, free col'dS ; total, 4,427. Door Village, p-o.. La Porte co., la., 149 n. by w. Indianapolis, 664 W. Dorchester, p-t., Norfolk co., 31ass., 4 s. Bos- ton, 43S W. It lies on Dorchester bay, in Bos- ton harbor. First settled in 1631). The surface is uneven and rough ; but the soil is fertile, and highly cultivated. Neponset river runs on its s. border, and furnishes water power, and i'acili- ties for navigation. The vessels owned here are employed chiefly in the whale and cod fi.sheries. It has also considerable manufactures. In a part ■of this t., now belonging to Boston, are Dorches- ter Heights, on which Washington, in 3Iarch, 1776, directed a fort to be erected, by which the British were driven from Boston harbor. The first settlers of the Connecticut colony, at Wind- sor and Hartford, 100 in number, came from Dor- chester, through the wilderness, in 1636. It has 10 commercial and commission houses in foreign trade, cap. $326,000 ; 57 stores, cap, $609,200 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $17,000 ; 2 cotton fac. 4,000 sp., 1 dyeing and print, estab., 7 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 rope fac, 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 4 paper fac, 2 print- ing offices, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 acad. 119 stu- dents, 22 sch. 1,247 scholars. Pop. 4,875. DoRCHE-STER, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 48 n. w. Concord, 504 W. It occupies the height of land between Connecticut and Merrimac rivers, to both of wliich its streams flow. It is uneven and rocky, with fertile valleys. It has 1 store, cap. $8,000; 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,097. 9 sch. 217 scholars. Pop. 769. Dorchester, county, Md., situated toward the s. E. part of the state, and contains 640 sq. ms. Surface, level ; soil, fertile. It has Choptank r. on the n. and n. w., and Chesapeake bay and Nanticoke river on the s. and s. e. Drained by branches of these waters. Capital, Cambridge. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,855, sheep 13,575, swine 24,776 ; wheat 87,378 bushels pro- duced, rye 6,761, Ind. corn 476,781, oats 61,812, potatoes 25,373, silk cocoons 544 pounds, tobacco 1,700, cotton 720 ; 69 stores, cap. $79,695 ; 2 tan- neries, 29 grist m., 13 saw m., 2 printing oflSces, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $85,129. 2 acad. 106 students, 26 sch. 579 scholars. Pop. 1830, 18,686 ; 1840, whites 10,629, slaves 4,227, free col'd 3,987 , total, 18,843. Dorset, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., 95 s. s. w. Montpelier, 435 W. Organized in 1769. Drained by Pawlet, Battenkill, and the head branches of Otter cr., which afford water power. The sur- face is uneven, and the soil fertile. There is a noted cave in the s. part of the town. It has 4 stores, cap. $12,650 ; 2 furnaces, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $36,365. 12 sch. 431 scholars. Pop. 1,426. Doty's Corners, p-o., Dansville t., Steuben CO., N. Y., 245 w. Albany, 326 W. Double Branches, p-o., Anderson dist., S. C, 128 w. N. w. Columbia, 523 W. Double Branches, p-o., Lincoln co., Ga., 108 N. e. Milledgeville, 576 W. Double Bridges, p-o., Lunenburg co., Va., 85 s. w. Richmond, 193 W. Double Cabins, p-o., Henry co., Ga., 76 w. N. w. Milledgeville, 680 W. Double Pike Creek, p-o., Carroll co., Md., 82 N. w. Annapolis, 65 W. Double Springs, p-o., Cherokee co., Ala., 123 N. E. Tuscaloosa, 716 W. Situated on the w. bank of Coosa river. Double Springs, p-o., Oktibbeha co.. Miss., 128 N. E. Jackson, 917 W. Double Walnut, po., Jackson co.. Term., 75 E. Nashville, 619 W. Double Wells, po., Warren co., Ga., 58 e. N. E. Milledgeville, 632 W. Douglass, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 43 s. w. Boston, 396 W. Incorporated in 1731. Drained by 3Iumford r., a branch of Blackstone r., which affords good water power. It has fertile mea- dows, and is well cultivated. Some iron ore is found, and there are considerable manufactures of cotton goods, boots, shoes, leather, axes, &c. It has 4 stores, cap. $7,500 ; 2 cotton fac 400 sp., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. (Jap. in manu- fac. $130,400. 1 acad. 35 students, 9 sch. 481 scholars. Pop. 1,617. Douglass, t., Berks co.. Pa. The surface is undulating ; soil, gravel, and moderately fertile. Watered by Manatawny cr., vviiich affords water power. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 fulling m., 4 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m^ Cap. in manufac. $650. Pop. 1,133. DOV 180 DOV Douglass, t., Montgomery county, Pa. Sur- face, hilly ; soil, red stale. Watered by Perkio- men and Swamp crs., which afford water power It has 3 stores, cap. $14,500 ; 1 paper fac, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,150. I sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 1,090. DouGLASsviLLE, p-v., Douglass t., Berks co., Pa., 64 E. Harrisburg, 157 W. DouTHET, p-o., Anderson dist., S. C, 126 w. N. w. Columbia, 522 W. Dover, p-t., capital of Piscatiquis co.. Me., 83 N. N. E. Augusta, 680 W. Situated on the s. side of Piscatiquis r. Incorporated in 1822. The soil is fertile, producing good wheat. The v. is beautifully located. It has 2 printing offices, 2 ■weekly newspapers, 5 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $9,000. 12 sch. 733 scholars. Pop. 1,597. Dover, p-t., Strafford co., N. H., 39 e. Concord, 495 W. Dover, p-t., and capital of Strafford co., N. H., is situated on the w. side of Piscataqua r., in 43° 13' N. lat. 70° 54' w. Ion., 12 n. w. by n. Ports- mouth, 39 E. Concord, 50 s. w. Portland, 60 n. Boston, 495 W. Pop. 1820, 2,871 ; 1830, 5,449 ; 1840, 6,458. It is watered by Cocheco and Black rivers, tributaries of the Piscataqua. It is the oldest town in the state, the first settlement hav- ing been made in 1623, on a beautiful peninsula, between Black and Piscataqua rivers, for the purposes of fishing. The beautiful village of Dover is built around the lower falls of Coche- co, where the water descends suddenly 32i feet, producing a water power unsurpassed in New England. The water is abundant, and the river never rises so as to endanger the buildings on it. These falls are at the head of tide water, 12 miles from the ocean, admitting gondolas quite to the mills, and sloops within a quarter of a mile. It has a court house, jail, a bank, several churches, and extensive manufactures. It is one of the most flourishing towns in the state, and consider- able shipping is owned here. There were in 1840, 60 stores, cap. $248,581 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, cap. $20,000 ; 4 cotton fac. 28,666 sp., 1 dyemg and printing establishment, with a cap. of $1,056,000 ; 3 furnaces, 2 tanneries, 1 dis- tillery, cap. $10,888 ; 4 grist m., 3 saw m., 3 print- ing offices, 3 weekly newspapers, and 1 periodi- cal. Total cap. in manufac. $1,166,644. 3 acad. 93 students, 27 sch. 1,193 scholars. Dover, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 126 s. Mont- pelier, 437 W. Organized from Wardsborough in 18 10. Drained by branches of West and Deerfield rivers, which afford water power. The surface is uneven, and tlie soil adapted to graz- ing. It lies on the E. border of the Green moun- tain range. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,300. 9 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 729. Dover, p-t., Norfolk co., Mass., 15 s. s. w. Boston, 5 w. Dedham, 430 W. Organized from Dedham in 1784. The surface is uneven, and contams much woodland. Charles r. runs on Its N. border. It has 1 store, 1 saw m. Cap in manufac. $10,700. 3 sch. 117 scholars Pod 520. ^' Dover, p-t Dutchess co., N. Y.,74 s. by e. Al- bany, 20 K. Poughkeepsie, 313 W. The surface is m part mountainous. A branch of Ten Mile CTCck, a tributary of the Housatonic river runs through Its centre, along which is a fine valley The soil IS a sandy and gravelly loam, which is fertile and well cultivated. Wliite and colored rnarble is extensively found, and some iron ore The village is on a beautiful plain, and contains 1 Baptist and J free churcli, an academy 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 tannery, 30 dwellings, and about 175 inhabitants. There are in the t., 8 stores, cap. $19,000; 1 furnace, 3 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 4 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,200. 4 sch. 136 scholars. Pop. 2,000. Dover, p-v., Randolph t., Morris co., N. J., 63 N. Trenton, 234 W. Situated on both sides of Rockaway river, and connected by bridges. It contains 3 large rolling and slitting mills, an iron foundry, a furnace, a saw m., a machine fac, a bank, a church, and over 30 dwellings. The Morris canal descends into the valley on which it stands, by an inclined plane and 4 locks. Iron ore is found in the immediate vicinity. Dover, t., Monmouth co., N. J., 24 s. Freehold. The surface is generally level ; soil, sand or light gravel, covered with pine forest. Drained by Tom's r. and branches of Cedar cr. ; Forked r. and branches of Rancocus cr., which aflbrd wa- ter power. It has 20 stores, cap. $45,500 ; 2 fur- naces, 2 forges, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $1,900. 10 sch. 824 scholars. Pop. 2,752. Dover, p-t., York co.. Pa., 30 s. Harrisburg, 97 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, red shale. It has 3 stores, cap. $9,500; 1 tannery, 5 distilleries, 5 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,200. 4 sch. 146 scholars. Pop. 1,930. Dover, t., Athens co., O. It has 6 stores, cap. $13,500; and an incorporated library company. 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $900. 4 sch. 179 scholars. Pop. 1,297. Dover, p-b., in Dover hundred. Capital of Kent CO., Del., and of the state, 50 s. Wilming- ton, 120 W. It is situated on high ground, be- tween the 2 principal branches of Jones's cr., 10 miles from its entrance into Delaware bay. It is regularly laid out with wide streets, at right an- gles with each other ; and the houses, which are chiefly of brick, are generally neat and hand- some. The state house stands on the e. side of a large public square, and is an elegant build- ing ; and the other public buildings are built around the same square. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — a bank, an academy, 6 stores, 90 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. It has a splendid monu- ment, erected to the memory of Col. John Has- lett, who fell in the battle of Princeton. Its trade is chiefly in flour, with Philadelphia. There are in the h., 9 stores, cap. $25,100 ; 1 printing oflSce, 1 periodical paper, 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufivc $16,200. 9 sch. 543 scholars. Pop. 3,790. Dover, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 127 n. e. Co- lumbus, 13 w. Cleveland, 372 W. Situated on the s. shore of Lake Erie. It has 3 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $900. 8 sch. 314 scholars. Pop. 966. Dover, t.. Union co., O. It has 3 sch. 52 scholars. Pop. 446. Dover, p-v., capital of Stewart co., Tenn., 75 w. N. w. Nashville, 755 W. It is situated on the s. side of Cumberland r. It contains a court house, and other county buildmgs. Dover, t., Lafayette co., Mo. Pop. 1,217. Dover, p-v.. Mason county, Ky., 79 e. n. e. Frankfort, 471 W. Dover, t., Lenawee co., Mich. It has 2 saw m., 10 sch. 340 scholars. Pop. 841. Dover, p-v.. Bureau co., 111., 130 n. Spring- field, 813 W. Dover, p-v., Lafayette co.. Mo., 121 w. Jef- ferson city, 1,035 W. Situated on the s. side of Missouri r. Pop. 1,217. Dover, p-v., capital of Pope co., Ark., 87 n. w. Little Rock, 1,152 W. Situated on the e. side of lUmois or., a branch of Arkam^as r. DRA 181 DRY Dover, p-v., Russel co., Ala., 194 e. s. e. Tus- caloosa, 767 W. Dover, t., Tuscarawas co., Ohio. The village is situaled on the w. side of the Ohio canal, 93 s. Cleveland by the canal. It is regularly laid out, with streets crossing each other at right angles, on the margin of Tuscarawas r., across which and the canal is a bridge 346 feet long. It has 2 churches, and about 100 dwellings. The t. has 10 stores, cap. $32,300 ; 6 com. houses, cap. $20,500 ; 2 tanneries, 1 diistillery, 1 brewery, 1 flouring m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,550 ; 10 sch. 897 scholars. Pop. 2,247. Dover Mills, p-o., Goochland co., Va., 20 w. N. w. Richmond, 137 W. DowELLTOWN, p-v., Surry co., N. C, 151 w. N. w. Raleigh, 357 W. DowNE, t., Cumberland county, N. J., 14 s. E. Bridgeton. It has Maurice r. on its e. border, and Delaware bay on the s. The surface is level and marshy on the bay and 3Iaurice r. Water- ed by Dividing cr., and other small crs. It has several post-villages. It has 4 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 7 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,850. 7 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 1,920. Downer's Grove, p-o., Dupage co., 111., 184 N. Springfield, 73J W. DowNiNGSviLLE, p-o., Logan co., O. DowNiNGTOWN, p-v., Chester co.. Pa., 67 e. s. K. Harrisburg, 124 W. Situated on the vv. bank of the E. branch of Brandy wine cr. It contains about 50 dwellings, mostly of stone, several stores, and a number of mills and factories. 12 ms. below this place, on the banks of this creek, the sanguinary battle of Brandywine was fought, on Sept. 11th, 1777. The country around this place is fertile and well cultivated. DowNiNGTON, p-o., Scipio t., Meigs co., Ohio, 83 s. E. Columbus, 350 W. DoYLESTOWN, p-b.. Capital of Bucks co.. Pa., 100 E. Harrisburg, 162 W. It has an elevated and commanding situation, and contains a court house, jail, and county offices, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Friends — an academy, a female seminary ; 6 stores, cap. $33,000. Three English and 1 German week- ly newspapers are issued here. The surface of the t. is roiling ; soil, gravelly loam. It has, in- cluding the borough, 9 stores, cap. $33,800 ; 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 4 printing offices, 4 weekly newspapers, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $40,790. 5 acad. 106 students, 5 sch. 109 scholars. Pop. 2,127. Dracut, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 27 n. n. w. Boston, 446 W. Situated on the n. side of Merriraac r., opposite to Lowell, with which it is connected by a bridge. Watered by Beaver r., whicli affords water power. Incorporated in 1701. It has 6 stores, cap. $9,800 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m. (Jap. in manufac. $2,500. 1 acad. 126 students, 13 schools, 679 scholars. Pop. 2,188. Drakestown, p-v., Morris co., N. J., 59 n. Tren- ton, 2J4 W. Situated on Schooley's Mountain, and contains a store and 12 or 15 dwellings. Dranesville, p-v., Fairfax co., Va., 140 n. Richmond, 21 W. Draper's, p-o., Macon co.. 111., 53 e. Spring- field, 73a W. Draper's Valley, p-o., Wythe co., Va. 232 w. by s. Richmond, 300 W. Drapersville, p-o., Mecldenburg co., Va., 120 s. w. Richmond, 233 W. Drayton, p-v., Dooly county, Ga., 98 s. s. w. Milledgeville, 755 W. Situated on Penne- hatchie cr., U miles from its entrance into Flint ' ver. It contains about 15 families. Draw Bridge, p-o., Sussex co., Del. Draytonsville, p-v.. Union dist., S. C, 97 n. w. Columbia, 451 W. Dresden, p-t., Lincoln co., Me., 15 s. Augusta, 9 N. Wiscasset, 600 W. Situated on the E. bank of Kennebec r. Incorporated in 1794. It is an agricultural t., with some trade on the r. It has 3 tanneries, 2 gnst m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $1,900. 643 scholars in sch. Population, 1,647. Dresden, pv., Grundy co.. El., 153 n. n. e. Springfield, 753 W. Situateil at the junction of Kankakee and Des Plaines rivers, on the line of the canal. It has a store and a number of dwellings. Dresden, p-t., Washington co., N. Y., 80 n. by E. Albany, 23 n. Sandy Hill, 450 W. The surface is hilly and mountainous. It lies be- tween Lakes George and Champlain. It is most- ly covered with forests, unfit for cultivation, and abounds with bears, deer, wolves, and other wild game. Some of its mountains are 1,200 feet above Lake Champlain. It has 19 sawm., 9 sch. 153 scholars. Pop. 679. Dresden, p-v., Jeffisrson t., Muskingum co., O., 69 E. Columbus, 344 W. Situated on Waka- tomaka cr., near its junction with the Muskingum r., on a side-cut from the Ohio canal. It has a church, several stores and warehouses, and is favorably situated for business. Near the v. is 1 flouring m., and 1 saw m. It has 1 acad. 18 stu- dents, 1 sch. 43 scholars. Pop. 819. Dresden, p-v., capital of Weakly co., Tenn., 122 w. by N. Nashville, 808 W. Situated on one of the head branches of Obion r. It contains a court house and several dwellings. Dresden Mills, p-o., Lincoln co.. Me., 17 s. Augusta, 598 W. Drevversburg, p-o., Franklin co., la., 85 e. s. E. Indianapolis, 509 W. Drewrysville, p-v., Southampton co., Va., 73 s. s. E. Richmond, 197 W. Drewsville, p-v., Walpole t., Cheshire co., N. H., 62 w. Concord, 450 W. It is pleasantly situated on the e. side of Connecticut r., at Bel- lows falls. It has considerable manufactures, and some trade. Dripping Spring, p-o., Edmondson co., Ky., 130 s. w. Frankfort, 654 W. The springs in the vicinity are regarded as a curiosity. Dromore, t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 15 s. e. Lan- caster. The surface is rolling ; soil, clay. Wa- tered by Conewingo cr., which affords water power. Susquehanna r. runs on its s. w. border. It has 18 stores, cap. $19,700; 1 tannery, 4 flour- ing m., 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac- $16,500. 8 sch. 270 scholars. Pop. 2,268. Drowning Creek, p-o., Burke co., N. C, 182 w. Raleigh, 419 W. Drury's Landing, p-o.. Rock Island co.. 111., 171 N. N. w. Springfield, 901 W. Dryburg, p-o., Halifax co., Va., 129 n. Rich- mond, 27 W. Dry Creek, p-o., Lancaster dist., S. C, 71 n. N. E. Columbia, 466 W. Dry Creek, p-o., Campbell co., Ky., 79 n. n. E. Frankfort, 499 W. Dry Creek, p-o., Covington co.. Miss. Dryden, p-t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 153 w. by s. Albany, 307 W. The surface is tmdulating, rising into hills to the s. ; soil, a fertile gravelly loam. Drained by Fall cr., with its branches, which flow into Cayuga lake. The v. is situated on Virgil cr., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, a flourishing high-school, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 tanneries, 1 cloth- ier's works, and about 500 inhabitants. Pop. ol the t. 5,446. It has 5 stores, cap. $29,000 ; 2 full- DUB 182 DUD ing m., 3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 paper fac, 1 rope fac, 9 grist m., 40 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $80,325. 35 sch. 1,809 scholars. Dryden, t., Lapeer co., Mich. It has 1 acad. 20 students, '2 sch. 57 scholars. Pop. 805. Dry Fork, p-o., Carter co., Ky., 152 e. Frank- fort, 445 W. Dry Forks, p-o., Ralls co., Mo., 93 n. n. e. Jefferson city, 920 W. Dry Hill, p-o., Lauderdale co., Tenn. Dry Pond, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 159 w. by s. Raleigh, 396 W. Dry Ridge, p-o., Hamilton co., O., 126 s. w. Columbus, 500 W. Dry Ridge, p-v.. Grant co., Ky., 53 n, n. e. Frankfort, 525 W. Dry Run, p-o., Franklin co.. Pa., 67 w. s. w. Harrisburg, 1 15 W. Du.^NE, p-t., Franklin co., N. Y., 15 s. Malone, 189 N. by w. Albany, 533 W. The s. part was erected into a t. in 1841, by the name of Harriets- burg. The settlements are cliiefly in the n. part. The surface is uneven, and the soil a fertile sandy loam. Iron ore of a superior quality is found here, capable of producing the finest steel for edge tools. Watered by branches of Salmon r. The v. contains 1 store, a blast furnace and forge, 1 scythe fac, 2 saw m., and about 25 dwellings. Pop. of the t. 324. It has 2 furnaces, 1 forge, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,500. 3 sch. 69 scholars. DuANESBURG, p-t., Schencctady co., N. Y., 23 w. by N. Albany, 12 s. w. Schenectady, 393 W. The surface is elevated and hilly ; and the soil clay loam. Drained by Schoharie cr., and some other small branches of the Mohawk r., which afford water power. It has 7 stores, cap. $23,000 ; 6 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 grist in., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,350. 23 sch. 641 scholars. Pop. 3,357. Dublin, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 47 s. w. Concord, 10 e. by s. Keene, 447 W. Situated on the height of land between Connecticut and Mer- rimac rivers. Some of its streams enter the Ash- Tielot, a tributary of the former, and some into the Contoofook, a tributary of the latter. A consid- erable portion of Grand Monadnock mountain lies m this t. The soil is well adapted to graz- ing. A fund of $3,000 was bequeathed to the public schools, and of $5,000 to the Congrega- tional church, for the support of its pastor, by a clergyman. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,300 ; 5 full- ing m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 9 .saw m. Cap. in manufac. $80,400. 10 sch. 383 scholars. Pop. 1,075. Dublin, p-v., Bucks co.. Pa., 106 e. Harris- burg, 168 W. Dublin, t., Bedford co.. Pa., 25 e. Bedford. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam. Drauied by the head waters of Licking cr., and by Wooden Bridge and Little Augwick creeks. It has 3 stores, cap. $S,800 ; 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $700. Pop. 902. Dublin, p-v., Hartford co., Md., 68 n. Anna- polis, 78 W. It contains a Methodist church, and about 15 dweUings. Dublin, t., Huntmgdon Co., Pa., 21 s. e. Hun- tingdon b. The surface is mountainous : soil Clay Drained by Shade and Little Augwick creeks. It has 1 store, cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling m 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m Can m manufac. $8,840. Pop. 653. ^' Dublin, p-v., Washington t., Franklin co., O 12 N n. w. Columbus, 405 W. Situated on elel vated ground on the w. bank of Scioto r Organ- ized in 1818 It contains a store, and a number of mills on the r. Dublin, t., Mercer CO., O. It contains the vil- ' lages of Shanesville and Milan. Dublin, p-v., Graves co., Ky., 285 w s. w. Frankfort, 812 W. Dublin, p-v., capital of Laurens co., Ga., 79 s. s. E. Milledgeville, 690 W. Situated on w. side of the Oconee r. It contains a court house, jail, an academy, a Baptist church, and about 40 dwellmgs. Dublin, p-v., Wayne co., la., 50 e. Indianapo- lis, 521 W. Situated 2 ms. w. of White Water r., on the national road. Dubois, county, la. Situated in the s. w.part of the state, and contains 432 sq. ms. Organized in 1817. Watered by the e. fork of White r., which forms its n. boundary, Patoka and Hunt- ley's creeks. Strait r., and some others. The sur- face is rolling, and, in some parts, hilly, and the soil is good. Capital, Jasper. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,578, sheep 3,794, swine 11,552 ; wheat 11,822 bush, produced, Ind. corn 122,173, oats 17,33J, potatoes 7,390, sugar 6,374 pounds ; 14 stores, cap. $27,450 ; 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 1 acad. 75 students, 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 1830, 1,778 ; 1840, 3,632. Dubourg, p-o., St. James par.. La., 49 w. New Orleans. Dubuque, county, Iowa. Situated in the n. e. partof the ter. It has the Mississippi r. on its n. e. border. Watered on the n. by Turkey r., on the s. by branches of the n. fork of Macoquetais r., and in the central part by Little Macoquetais river, and several small creeks, which flow into the Mississippi. Capital, Dubuque. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,175, sheep 36, swine 4,808 ; wheat 10,799 bush, produced, rye 715, Ind. corn 16,762, buckwheat 850, oats 17,951, potatoes 49,195; 11 smelting houses produced 500,000 pounds lead ; 39 stores, cap. $123,300 ; 1 distil- lery, 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 print- ing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in man- ufac. $6,000. 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 3,059. Dubuque, p-v., Dubuque co., Iowa. Situated on the w. bank of the Mississippi r., 1,605 above N. Orleans, 424 above St. Louis, 324 below the Falls of St. Anthony, 900 W. It is built on a table area or terrace, which extends along the r. for several miles. It is regularly laid out and handsomely built, and is the commercial centre of the mineral region. It contains the surveyor- general's office for Wisconsin and Iowa, the land office for the n. district of Iowa, 4 or 5 churches, one of them a large stone Roman Catholic ca- thedral, a bank, of brick, several spacious brick warehouses, an academy, a lyceum, a reading room, a printing office, which issues a weeldy newspaper, about 30 wholesale and retail stores, 12 grocery stores, several hardware, crockery, glass, and tin stores, and numerous mechanic shops, and a population of about 1,300. Lead ore is found in abundance within the corporate limits of the city, and for miles around on every side. Duciianynet, t., Allen co., O. Pop. 709. Duck Branch, p-o., Barnwell dist., S. C, 105 s. by w. Columbia, 611 W. Duck Creek, p-o.. Brown co.. Wis. ter., 167 N. n. e. Madison, 947 W. Duck Creek, hundred, Kent co., Del. It has 13 stores, cap. $70,000; 5 lumber yards, cap. $5,200 ; 1 fulling m., 1 W'Oollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $48,200. 8 sch. 540 scholars. Pop. 3,839. Dudley, p-t., Worcester co., Ms., 58 s. w. Bos- ton, 391 W. Watered by Quinnebaug and French rivers, which afford good water power, Incorporated in 1731. It has a pond in its s. E. DUN 183 DUN corner, r.early five miles long. It has 4 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 5 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $131,430. 1 acad. 125 students, 8 sch. 443 scholars. Pop. 1,332. Dudley, p-t., Hardin co., O., 66 n. n. w. Co- lumbus, 437 W. The soil is fertile, and particu- larly adapted to grazing. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 2 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 349. Dudley, p-o., Wayne co., N. C, 59 s. E. Ra- leigh, 289 W. Dudley, t., Henry co., la. It has 6 sch. 126 scholars. Pop. 1,650. Dodleyville, p-v., Tallapoosa co., Ala., 152 E. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 781 W. Situated 5 ms. s. e. of Tallapoosa r. Due West Corner, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. Carolina. Duff's Forks, p-o., Madison t., Fayette co., O., 36 s. w. Columbus, 417 W. It contains a store and Methodist church, and a few dwelHngs. Dugger's Ferry, p-o., Carter co., Tenn., 314 e. by N. Na.shville, 410 W. Dukedom, p-o., Weakley co., Tenn., 130 w. Nashville, 816 W. Dukes, county, Ms., consists of the i.slands of Martha's Vineyard, Chippiquiddic, Elizabeth Islands, and No iMan's land, lying s. e. of Buz- zards bay. Rlartha's Vuieyard, the largest i.sland, including Chippiquiddic, is divided into 3 town- ships. It was first settled in 1641. Capital, Ed- garton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 283, sheep 8,160, swine 867; wheat 692 bush, pro- duced, rye 965, Ind. corn 7,604, oats 1,746, pota- toes 10,041, salt 1,3S0 ; 29 stores, cap. $31,600 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $4,000 ; cap. invested in fishe- ries, $161,250 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 7 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $57,620. 2 acad. 70 students, 23 sch. 1,743 scholars. Pop. 1830, 1,768; 1840,3,958. Dukes, p-o., Putnam co., O., 106 n. n. w. Co- lumbus, 471 W. Dumas' Store, p-o., Richmond co., N. C, 131 S.W.Raleigh, 405 W. Dumfries, p-v.. Prince William co., Va., 86 n. by e. Richmond, 33 W. Situated on the N. side of Quantico cr., a branch of the Potomac. It con- tains 2 churches — 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist — 1 flouring m., 1 woollen fac, and several mechan- ics. The mouth of the Quantico, 25 ms. below Dumfries, is the best winter harbor on the Poto- mac, seldom obstructed by ice. Dummer, t., Coos CO., N. H. Situated in the N. part of the state. Watered by Ammonoosuc r. which flows uito the Connecticut r., and the An- droscoggin r., which flows through Maine into the Atlantic. Chartered in 1773. It is a remote and unimportant town, and has 1 grist m., and 1 saw m., 1 sch. 22 scholars. Pop. 57. Dum.merston, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 115 s. by E. Montpelier, 428 W. The surface is hilly and rough, but adapted to grazing. Watered by West r., and some smaller streams, which aflTord good mill seats. Connecticut r. boimds it on the E This t. was one of the earUest settled in the state. Fort Dummer, which was within the ad- joining t. of Brattleboro, was founded in 1625 ; and tliis place is noted in early Indian warfare. It has 2 stores, cap. ii'(12,000 ; 5 grist m., 5 saw m., 12 sch. 451 scholars. Pop. 1,263. Dumontville, p-o., Fairfield co., O., 32 s. E. Columbus, 380 W. Dunb.\r, t., Fayette co.. Pa., 8 n. e. Union. The surface is rolling ; soil, calcareous loam. Youghiogheny r. runs on its e. border, and re- ceives IJunbar run, which affords water power. It has S stores, cap. $19,560 ; 2 fulling m., 3 wool- len fac, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 6 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $90,208. 7 sch. 434 scholars. Pop. 2,070. Dunb.\rton, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 10 s. by w. Concord, 474 W. The surface is elevated, but not hilly ; the soil is fertile, and the water good. It is a fine fanning town. Chartered in 1751. It has 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,300. 9 sch. 249 scholars. Pop. 950. Dunbarton, p-o., Meigs t., Adams co., O., 96 s. by w. Columbus, 433 W. DuiNCAN, p-o., Wood CO., Va., 331 vv. n. w. Richmond, 299 W. Duncan t., Linn co.. Mo. Pop. 198. Duncan's Creek, p-o., Cleveland co., N. C, 204 w. by s. Raleigh, 441 W. Duncan's Falls, p-o., Mu-skingum co., O., 62 E. Columbus, 347 W. A dam across the Musk- ingum here aflfords great water power. Duncansville, p-o., Huntingdon co., Pa., 120 w. Harrisburg, 163 W. Duncansville, p-v., Barnwell dist., S. C, 80 s. s. w. Columbia, 586 W. Du.ncansville, p-v., Thomas co., Ga., 227 s. s. w. Milledgeville, 884 W. Situated 2 ms. n. of the Florida line. Duncantown, p-o., Mantua v.. White co.. III., 172 s. E. Springfield, 785 W. Duncard, t., Greene CO., Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,600 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tan- nery, 5 distilleries, 5 grist m., 6 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $10,895. 5 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 1,292. DuNDAFF, p-b., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 166 n. n. E. Harrisburg, 270 W. It contains 1 Presbyte- rian church, 3 stores, an academy, a glass fac, and 40 dwellings. The t. has 5 stores, cap. $12,900 ; 1 fullmg m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $15,200. 2 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 304. Du.NDEE, p-o., Kane co.. El. Dundee, p-t., Monroe co., Mich., 54 s. w. De- troit, 503 W. The v. is situated on the Raisin r., 18 from Lake Erie. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist — 4 stores, and several mechanic shops. There are in the t. 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,000. 8 sch. 165 scholars. Pop. 773. DuNGANNON, p-v., Hauover t., Columbiana co., O., 142 N. E. Columbus, 287 W. Pop. 47. Dunkirk, p-v., Pomfret t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 326 w. Albany., 348 W. Situated on Lake Erie. Tlie harbor has been improved, and has a depth of 12 feet of water over the bar. It is much resorted to in bad weather. The v. was incorporated m 1837. It contains 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist — an academy, 10 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. At this place the New York and Erie railroad is designed to ter- minate. Distance to New York by the railroad 470. Dunkley's Grove, p-o., Dupage co., 111., 218 N. N. E. Springfield, 733 W. DuNLAP, p-o., Hamilton co., O., Ill s. w. by w. Columbus, 499 W. Dunlap.sville, p-o., Laurens co., S. C. DuNLAPSviLLE, p-v., Union co., la., 69 e. In- dianapolis, 517 W. Situated on w. side of the E. branch of White Water r. DuNNSBURG, p-v., Clinton co.. Pa., 109 n. n. w. Harrisburg, 201 VV. Situated on the n. bank of the w. branch of Susquehanna r., opposite the mouth of Bald Eagle cr. Dunn's Corner, p-o., Kennebec co.. Me., 10 Augusta, 605 W. Dunnsville, p-v., Essex co., Va., 56 n. e. Richmond, 118 W. DuNNiNGSviLLE, p-v., Washington co., Pa^ 199 w. Harrisburg, 225 W. DUR 184 DWI Dunstable, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 31 n. w. Boston, 437 W. The surface is level ; soil, generally sandy. Watered by Nashua and Sal- mon rivers. Incorporated in 1683. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,200 ; 2 grist m., 3 saw in. 5 sch. 190 scholars. Pop. 603. Dunstable, t., Clinton co.. Pa., 30 w. Wil- liarasport. The surface is mountainous ; soil, calcareous loam and slate. The w. branch of Susquehanna r. runs on its s. E. and s. border. The t. is chiefly a desert, but contains coal. It has 3 stores, cap. $16,000; 1 brewery. Cap. in manufac. $100. Pop. 841. DuTONsviLLE, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 65 w. Columbia, 560 W. Duplin, county, N. C. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ras. Drained by N. E. Cape Fear r. and branches. Surface, level ; soil, fertile. Capital, Keenansville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,816, sheep 6,670, swine 31,061 ; wheat 2,683 bush, produced, rye, 1,091 Ind. com 244,534, oats 3,525, potatoes 85,371, rice 77,550 pounds, cotton 1,346,229; 9 stores, cap. $23,750 ; 55 grist m., 30 saw m., 2 acad. 63 stu- dents, 9 sch. 206 scholars. Pop. whites 6,244, slaves 4,677, free col'd 261 ; total, 11,182. Dupont, p-o., .lefTerson co., la., 74 s. s. e. In- dianapolis, 574 W. Dupree's Old Store, p-o., Charlotte co., Va., 102 s. w. by w. Richmond, 200 W. Durant's Neck, p-o., Perquiman's co., N. C, 215 E. by N. Raleigh, 305 W. Durham, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 39 s. w. Augusta, 566 W. Situated on the s. side of An- droscoggin r., which is crossed by a bridge at Lisbon. It is a good agricultural t. Incorporated in 1783. It has 5 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,500. 12 sch. 458 scholars. Pop. 1,836. Durham, p-t., Strafford co., N. H., 32 e. by s. Concord, 11 w. n. w. Portsmouth. Watered by Piscataqua r. and its branches, which afford wa- ter power. The v. is situated on Oyster r., a branch of the Piscataqua, which is navigable to tliis place. Granite is here found, and is export- ed. This place suffered much in early times from Indian hostilities. It has 4 stores, cap. $5,800 ; 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,100. 10 sch. 505 scholars. Pop. 1,498. Durham, p-t., Middlesex co., Ct., 21 s. Hart- ford, 319 W. The surface is uneven, but the soil is fertile. First settled in 1698. Watered by West r., a tributary of the Connecticut. It has *6 stores, cap. $10,400; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,132. 5 sch. 205 schol- ars. Pop. 1,095. Durham, p-t., Greene co., N. Y., 36 s. w. Al- bany, 359 W. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, clay and gravelly loam. Watered by Cats- kill r. and its tributaries. The v. contains 1 church, 1 store, 30 dwellings, and about 300 in- habitants. Pop. of the t. 2,813. The t. has 7 stores, cap. $18,300 ; 1 furnace, 4 tanneries, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,550. 1 acad. 18 students, 11 sch. 276 scholars Durham, t., Bucks co.. Pa., 20 n. e. Doylcs- town Watered by Cook's or Durham cr.. Which affords vyater power. Delaware r. bounds it on tlie e. It contains a singular and extensive cave in limestone rock, called the Devil's Hole at the bottom of which is a basin of pure water 20 feet wide, which has an outlet under the earth It has 3 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 1 flouring m 2 '"-rist m., Isavvm. Cap. in manufac. $11,650.' 2 "sch 28 scholars. Pop. 691. Durhamville, p-v., Verona t., Oneida co N \ ., 125 w. N. w. Albany, 363 W. Situated on both sides of Oneida cr. It contains 2 churches, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 large tannery, 25 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Durhamville, p-v., Lauderdale co., Tenn., 181 w. by s. Nashville, 862 W. Durlack, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 3i e. s. e. Harrisburg, 128 W. Durretsville, p-o., Richmond co., Va., 65 e. N. E. Richmond, 124 W. Dutchman's Point, p-o., Cook co.. 111., 216 N. E. by N. Springfield, 729 W. Dutch Settlement, p-v., St. Mary's par., La., 127 w. by s. New Orleans, 1,209 W. Sit- uated on Tec he r. Dutchess, county, N. Y. SiUiated in the s. E. part of the state, and contains 765 sq. ras. Hud- son r. washes its w. border. The surface is un- even, and in the e. part hilly, but the soil i.s generally good, and highly cultivated. The pro- ductions of grain and of cattle are extensive, and find an easy access to market ; and the county is extensively inhabited by wealthy farmers. Iron ore and marble are abundant, and lead ore and black lead are found. Fishkill and Wappinger's creeks, tributaries of the Hudson, afford exten- sive mill seats. Ten Mile cr., a tributary of the Housatonic, waters the E. part of the co. There were in 1840, neat cattle 44,247, sheep 215,950, swine 65,777 ; wheat 171,617 bush, produced, rye 175,550, Ind. corn 710,473, buckwheat 86,980, barley 2,540, oats 1,360,613, potatoes 594,136, wool 413,635 pounds; value of the products of the dairy $643,834; 183 stores, cap. .$572,450; 15 lumber yards, cap. $181,000 ; 4 furnaces, 15 fall- ing m., 6 woollen fac, 11 cotton fac. 21,343 sp., 1 dyeing and print, establishment, 18 tanneries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 1 rope fac, 29 flouring m., 61 grist m., 64 saw m., 3 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 periodicaLs, 2 weekly news- papers. Cap. in manufac, $1,944,488. 7 acad. 621 students, 107 sch. 4,498 scholars. Pop. 1830, 50,926 ; 1840, 52,398. DuTCHviLLE, p-o., Granvillc co., N. C, 40 n. Raleigh, 274 W. DuTOTSBURG, p-v., MoHroc CO., Pa., 130 n. e. by E. Harrisburg, 25 n. Easton, 223 W. Situated on Delaware r., n. side of the Water Gap. It has 10 dwellings. Duval, county, Flor. Situated in the n. e. part of the ter., and contains 720 sq. ms. Nassau r. separates it from Nassau co. on the it. Drained by St. John's r. and Black r. Capital, Jackson- ville. There were in 1840, noat cattle 5,901 sheep 31, swine 2,001 ; Ind. corn 20,085 bush, produced, potatoes 17,691, rice 9,010 pounds, cot- ton 140,653, sugar 21,600 ; 12 stores, cap. $67,500 ; 6sawm. Cap. in manufac. $117,000. 3 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. whites 2,2.50, slaves 1,801, free col'd 105; total, 4,156. DuxBURV, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 36 s. s. E. Boston, 6 N. Plymouth, 448 W. Situated on Ma.ssachusetts bay. The soil is sandy, with some good land. It has 13 stores, cap. $37,750 ; 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 rope fac, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $95,800. 1 acad. 30 students, 11 sch. 700 scholars. Pop. 2,798. Du.XBURY, t., Washington co., Vt., 13 w. Mont- peUer, 22 s. E. Burlington. Much of the town is mountainous, and incapable of cultivation. There is some good land on Onion r., which runs on its N. boundary. Watered liy Mad river and its branches. A natural bridge over Onion r. con- nects it with Waterbury. It has 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,405. 8 sch. 281 scholars. Pop. 820. DwiGHT, p-o., Pope CO., Ark., 77 N. w. Little Rock, 1,142 W. EAR 185 EAS DwiGHT, v., Cherokee nation, a missionary station, establisiied in 1820, by the American Board of Foreign Missions. Situated on the w. bank of Illinois r. of Red r., 4 miles above its junction with Arkansas r. Keel boats navigate to this place. It has a flourishing school for the education of Indian youth. Dyberry, t., Wayne co., Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,000; 2 tanneries, 68 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $141,150. 7 sch. 153 scholars. Pop. 691. Dyer's River, p-o., Lincoln co., Me., 22 s. e. Augusta, 596 W. Dyer, county, Tenn. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 840 square miles. It is bounded w. by Mississippi r. Watered by Obion and Forked Deer rivers. The surface is rolling, excepting the flats along the Mississippi r. Cap- ital, Dyersburg. Tliere were in 1840, neat cat- tle 5,801, sheep 898, swine 2,193; wheat 12,526 bush, produced, Ind. corn 224,505, oats 7,692, po- tatoes 12,492, tobacco 87,3S0 pounds, cotton 68,651; 5 stores, cap. $13,955; 2 flouring m., 3 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,750. 6 sch. 137 scholars. Pop. 1830, 1,904 ; 1840, whites 3,427, slaves 1,042, free col'd 15; total, 4,484. Dyersburg, p-v., capital of Dyer co.. Term., 161 vv. Nashville, 844 W. Situated on the n. branch of Forked Deer r., 30 ms. above its en- trance into Mississippi r. It contains a court house and several stores and dwellings. Dyre, t., Saline co., Ark. Pop. 209. E. Eagle, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 264 w. by s. Albany, 355 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, argillaceous loarn, adapted to grass or to grain, and very heavily timbered. Drained by Caneadea and Wiskoy creeks. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $7,275. 8 sch. 249 scholars. Pop. 1,187. Eagle, p-o., Warren co., Pa., 139 n. w. Har- risburg, 320 W. Eagle, p-o., CUnton co., Mich. Eagle, p-t., Hancock co., O., 83 n. w. Colum- bus, 454 W. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 4 sch. 191 scholars. Pop. 524. Eagle, t.. Brown co., O. It contains the p-v., called Fincastle, 17 ras. from West Union. It has 4 sch. 134 scholars. Pop. 891. Eagle, t., Ross co., O. Pop. 411. Eagle Creek, p-o., Lake co., la., 150 n. w. Indianapolis, 694 W. Eagle Creek, p-o., Gallatin co.. El., 102 s. s. E. Springfield, 769 W. The cr. enters Saline cr. near its mouth. There is some good land and a large settlement on this stream. Eagle Factory, p-o., Susquehanna co., Pa., 185 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 295 W. Eagle Falls, p-o., Rockingham co., N. C. Eagle Grove, p-o., Elbert co., Ga., 114 n. by E. Milledgeville, 5S8 W. Eagle Harbor, p-v., Gaines t., Orleans co., N. Y., 256 w. by n. Albany, 398 W. It contains 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, 3 warehouses, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 100 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. Eagle Rock, p-v.. Wake co., N. C, 12 e. Raleigh, 286 W. Eagletown, p-v., Choctaw nation, Indian ter., 177 w. by s. of Little Rock, Ark., 1,242 W. Situated on the w. side of the Mountain Fork of Little r., a tributary of Red r. Eagle Village, p-v., Boone co., la., 15 n. w. Indianapolis, 586 W. Eagleville, p-v., Centre co.. Pa., 102 n. w. Harrisburg, 194 W. Eagleville, p-o., Ashtabula co., O., 200 n. E. Columbus, 340 W. Eagleville, p-v., Williamson co., Tenn., 27 s. Nashville, 690 W. Earl, t., Lancaster co., Pa., 13 n. w. Lancas- ter. The surface is rolling; soil, red shale and gravel. Drained by Conestoga cr., and its branch. Muddy cr. It has several villages. There is a forge on Conestoga cr. It has 9 stores, cap. $54,400 ; 4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 pottery, 8 flouring m., 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in man- ufactures $21,250. 6 sch. 192 scholars. Pop. 3,982. 24 Earl, t, Berks co., Pa. Tlie surface is hilly. South mountain passes through it. Drauied by Manatawny cr. It has 2 falling m., 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $7,000. Pop. 1,158. Earlsville, p-v., Hamilton t., Madison co., N. Y., 98 w. by n. Albany, 352 W. Situated on Chenango r. It contains 2 churches, 7 stores, 3 warehouses, 1 flouring m., and 15 or 20 dwellings. The Chenango canal passes through it. Earlvillr, p-o.. Earl t., Berks co.. Pa., 65 e. Harrisburg, 153 W. Earlville, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 173 N. w. Columbia, 472 W. Early, county, Ga. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 1,280 sq. ms. The Chattahoochee r. runs on its w. border. Watered by Spring r. and its branches, a tributary of Flint r. Surface, level ; soil, fertile. Capital, Blakeley. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,786, sheep 1,511, swine 12,381; wheat 2,327 bush, produced, Ind. corn 119,750, oats 2,461, potatoes l't,573, rice 3,300 pounds, cotton 1,057,898, sugar 24,625 ; 16 stores, cap. $71,600 ; 1 tannery, 13 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,900. 2 colleges, 120 .students, 2 acad. 47 students, 2 sch. 39 scholars. Pop. whites 3,120, slaves 2,317, free col'd 7; total, 5,444. Early Grove, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 180 w. by s. Raleigh, 417 W. East, t., Carroll co., O. Pop. 995. East Abi.xgto.n, p-v., Abington t., Plymouth CO., Mass., 18 s. s. E. Boston, 446 W. Situated on Pembroke cr., issuing from a considerable pond, a branch of North r. It contains a Congre- gational church. East Alton, p-v., Alton t., Belknap co., N H., 33 .\. E. Concord, 514 W. East Avon, p-v., Avon t., Livingston co., N. Y., 218 w. Albany, 399 W. Situated 2 miles E. of Avon Springs. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, 2 stores, 35 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. It has a commanding view, and is surroimded by a highly cultivated country. East Baldwin, p-v., Baldwin t., Cumberland CO., Me., 70 s. w. Augusta, 546 W. East Barnard, p-v., Barnard t., Windsor co., Vt., 39 s. Montpelier, 491 W. East Bend, p-o., Hancock co.. 111., 126 vv. n. w. Springfield, 877 W. East Berkshire, p-v., Berkshire t., Franklin CO., Vt., 61 N. Montpelier, 563 W. East Berlin, p-v., Adams co.. Pa., 25 s. w. Harrisburg, 90 W. E.\st Berne, p-v., Berne t., Albany co., N. Y., 19 w. Albany, 389 W. It contains 2. stores, I grist ra., 1 saw m., and 12 or 15 dwellings. EAS 186 EAS East Bethany, p-o., Bethany t., Genesee co., JV. Y., 248 w. Albany, 367 W. East Bethel, po., Bethel t., Oxford co., Me., 59 w. Augusta, 607 W. East Bethel, p-v.. Bethel t., Windsor co., Vt., 28 s. by w. Montpelier, 493 W. East Bethleukm, p-t., Washington co.. Pa., 197 w. Harrisburg, 213 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Coal abound.s. Monongahela r. runs on its E. boundary, and Ten Mile cr. on its s. border. The national road crosses the Monon- gahela r. in its n. e. part. It has several villages. It has 9 stores, cap. $19,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- len fac, 4 distilleries, 13 sch. 520 scholars. Pop. 2,312. East Bloomfield, p-t., Ontario co., N. Y., 8 w. Canandaigua, "203 w. Albany, 319 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, fertile clay and sandy loam. Drained by Mud cr. The v. contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Congregational church, 4 stores, 1 tannery, 1 furnace, 40 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. There are in the t. 8 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in raanufac. $18,250. 1 acad. 84 students, 13 sell. 610 scholars. Pop. 1,980. East Bloomfield, p-o., Bloomfield t., Craw- ford CO., Pa., 242 N. w. Harrisburg, 333 W. East Branch, p-o., Hancock t., Delaware co., N. Y., lOS w. s. w. Albany, 306 W. East Bradford, t., Chester co.. Pa. Brandy- wine r. runs on its s. w. boundary. Watered by Valley cr. and its branches, which afford w^ater power. The surface is hilly ; soil, calcareous loam. It has 2 stores, cap. .$3,409 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 80 sp., 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,475. 6 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 1,215. East Brewer, p-o.. Brewer t., Penobscot co.. Me., 76 N. E. Augusta, 671 W. East Brewster, p-v., Brewster t., Barnstable CO., Mass., 93 s. e. Boston, 494 W. It contains 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Unitarian church. East Bridgewater, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 25 s. s. e. Boston, 433 W. Organized in 1823. Watered by a branch of Taunton r., which affords good water power. It has 2 Congrega- tional churches, and extensive manufactures. It has 7 stores, cap. $15,800 ; 1 furnace, 2 forges, 1 cotton fac. 904 sp., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $142,070. 1 acad. 25 students, 7 sch. 457 scholars. Fop. 1,950. Eastbrook, t., Hancock co.. Me. It contains 2 ponds, which have an outlet into Union r. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,000 ; 3 sch. 62 scholars. Pop. 155. East Brook, p-o., Mercer co.. Pa., 232 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 274 W. East Brookfield, p-v., Brookfield t., Orange CO., Vt., 22 s. Montpelier, 504 W. Situated on a branch of White r. which affords water power. East Brookfield, p-v., Brooldield t., Worces- ter CO., Mass., .56 w. s. w. Boston, 392 W. East Buffalo, t., Union co.. Pa. It has 1 fulling m., 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap m manufac. $7,850. 4 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 812. East Buunham, p-o., Waldo co., Me., 40 n n E. Augusta, 636 W. East Calais, p-o., Calais t., Washington co., Vt., 13 N. E. MoRtpelier, 529 W. East Caln, t., Chester co.. Pa. It has 10 stores, cap. $32,850 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $2 000 • 1 forge, 1 paper fac, 3 grist m., 1 sawm., 1 oil m' Cap. m manufac. $15,070. 1 acad. 20 students 6 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 1,757. ' East Cambridge, p-v., Cambridge t., Middle- sex CO., Mass., 1 N. w. Boston, 439 W. It was formerly called Lechmere Point, and is connect- ed with Boston by Canal Bridge, and by the via- duct of the Boston and Lowell railroad over Charles r. It contains a court house and jail, 3 churches, a large glass fac, and is a large and flourishing village. East Canisteo, p-o., Canisteot., Steuben co., N. Y., 241 w. by s. Albany, 308 W. East Carlton, p-o., Carlton t., Orleans co., N. Y., 262 w. by n. Albany, 405 W. East Charleston, p o., Charleston t, Or- leans CO., Vt., 68 N. by e. Montpelier, 578 W. East Chester, p-v., Chester t., Rockingham CO., N. H., 25 s. s. E. Concord, 466 W. East Chester, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 142 s. Albany, 15 n. e. New York, 241 W. The surface is hilly and stony ; soil, a fertile loam. Watered by Bronx r. and Hutchinson's cr., which enter through an estuary into Long Island sound. The V. is on the e. side of East Chester cr., and contains 2 churches — 1 Episcopal and 1 Methott- ist — 4 stores, 1 grist m., 50 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. It has a convenient harbor, and several sloops employed in trade with New York. There are in the t., 1 acad. 20 students, 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 1,502. East China, p-o., China t., Wyoming co., N. Y., 268 w. Albany, 351 W. East Clarenden, p-o., Clarenden t., Rutland CO., Vt., 66 s. by w. Montpelier, 460 W. East Claridon, p-o. Claridon t., Geauga co., O., 174 N. E. Columbus, 333 W. E.isT Clinton, p-o., Clinton t., Kennebec co., Me., 29 N. E. Augusta, 625 W. East Cocalico, t., Lancaster co.. Pa. Drain- ed by Cocalico cr. It has 4 stores, cap. $23,000 ; 2 taimeries, 5 distilleries, 7 grist m. Cap. irj man- ufac. $17,840. Pop. 1,983. East Constable, p-o.. Constable t., Franldia CO., N. Y., 214 N. by w. Albany, 553 W. East Corinth, p-o., Corinth t., Penobscot co.. Me., 88 N. e. Augusta, 683 W. East Corinth, p-o., Corinth t., Orange co., Vt., 23 s. E. Montpelier, 521 W. East Deer, t., Alleghany co.. Pa. Situated on the w. side of the Alleghany r. It has 5 stores, cap. $3,100 ; 4 grist m., 4 sawm. Cap. in man- ufac .$6,250. 10 sch. 540 scholars. Pop. 1,987 E.\st Dennis, p-v., Dennis t., Barnstable co., Mass., 83 s. E. Boston, 484 W. East Dixfield, p-o., Dixfield t., Oxford co., Me., 35 w. by n. Augusta, 613 W. East Donegal, t., Lancaster co., Pa. Drain- ed by Little Chicques cr. and branches. It has 20 stores, cap. $76,800 ; 7 lumber yards, capital $51,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 2 printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper, 4 flouring m., 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $74,537. 1 acad. 50 students, 9 sch. 597 scholars. Pop. 2,987. E.\ST Dorset, p-o., Dorset t., Bennhigton co., Vt., 83 s. s. w. Montpelier, 435 W. East Douglass, p-o., Douglass t., Worcester CO., Mass., 41 s. w. Boston, 398 W. East Dover, p-o., Dover t., Piscataquis Co., Me., 86 N. N. e. Augusta, 683 W. East Dover, p-o., Lenawee co., Mich., 76 s. w. Detroit, 510 W. East Durham, p-v., Durham t., Greene co., N. Y., 40 s. by w. Albany, 553 W. East Elliott, p-v., Elliott t., York co., Me., 102 s. by w. Augusta, 502 W. East Euclid, po., Euclid t., Cuyahoga co., O., 158 N. e. Columbus, 364 W. East Evans, p-o., Evans t., Erie co., N. Y., 307 w. Albany, 372 W. EAS 187 EAS East Eddington, p-o., Eddiugton t., Penob- scot CO., Me., 79 N. E. Augusta, 774 W. East Fairfield, p-o., Fairfield t., Franklin CO., Vt., 52 N. N. w. Montpelier, 548 W. East Fairfield, p-v., Fairfield t., Columbiana CO., O., 15S E. N. E. Columbus, 276 VV. East Falmouth, p-v., Falmouth t, Bam.sta- ble CO., Ma.ss., 81 s. by e. Boston, 470 W. It contains a Congregational church and a few dwellings. East Fallowfield, t., Chester county, Pa. Drained by w. branch of BrandywLne cr. It has 5 stores, cap. $11,200 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $300 ; 1 tannery, 4 paper fac, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $60,430. 6 sch. 252 scholars. Pop. 1,170. East Farmington, p-v., Farmington t., Oak- land CO., Mich., 24 n. w. Detroit, 546 W. East Florence, p-o., Florence t., Oneida co., N. Y., 125 w. N. w. Albany, 411 W. E.4ST Feliciaxa, parLsh, La. Situated in the N. part of the e. projection of the state, and con- tains 560 sq. ms. Watered by Amite river, and Thompson's andComite creeks, on wliichthe soil is fertile. Capital, C^linton. There were in 1840, neat cattle l],3y9, sheep 6,505, swine 24,520; Ind. corn 290,540 bush, produced, oats 14,695, potatoes 135,765, cotton 8,442,000 pounds; 30 stores, cap. 182,500 ; 3 tanneries, 7 saw mills, 3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $91,8.50. 1 college, 36 students, 4 acad. 275 students, 27 sch. 631 scholars. Pop. whites 3,992, slaves 7,871, free col'd 30; total, 11,893. East Findlay, t., Washington co.. Pa. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $300. 7 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,147. Eastford, p-v., Ashford t., Windham co., Ct., 35 E. Hartford, 371 W. Situated on the w. side of Natchaug r. It contains 3 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Congregational, 1 Methodist — several manu- factories, stores, and dwellings. East Foxborough, p-v., Foxborough t., Nor- folk CO., Mass., 25 s. by w. Boston, 417 W. East Franklin, p-o., Franklin t., Delaware CO., N. Y., 85 w. s. w. Albany, 346 W. East Freedom, p-o., Bedford co.. Pa. East GencJa, p-o., Genoa t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 164 w. Albany, 316 W. East Glenville, p-o., Glenville t., Schenec- tady CO., N. Y., 20 N. w. Albany, 383 W. East Goshen, t., Chester co.. Pa , 18 w. Phil- adelphia. The surface is generally level ; soil, a fertile sandy loam, well cultivated. Watered by Ridley and Chester creeks. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,300 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $200 ; 1 wool- len fac, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,100. 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 740. East Granby, p-v., Granby t., Hartford co., Ct., 15 N. by w. Hartford, 351 W. East Granville, p-v., Granville t., Hampden CO., Mass., 110 w. by s. Boston, 362 W. East Greene, p-o., Greene t., Chenango co., N. Y., 118 w. Albany, 318 W. East Greenbush, p-v., Greenbush t., Rensse- laer CO., N. Y. It contains 1 church, an acade- my, 1 store, and about 15 dwellings. East Greenville, p-v., Tuscarawas t., Stark CO., O., 110 n. e. Columbus, 327 W. East Greenwich, p-t., capital of Kent co., R. I., 14 s. Providence, 397 W. The v. contahis a court house, 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Friends, 1 Methodist — an academy, several stores and dwellings. There are in the t., 13 stores, capital $5,610; 8 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 grist m., 2 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $9,500. 1 acad. 64 students, 4 sch. 74 scholars. Pop. 1,509. East Greenwich, p-o., Greenwich t., Wash- ington CO., N. Y. East Groveland, p-o., Groveland t, Livings- ton CO., N. Y., 241 w. Albany, 336 W. East Guilford, p-v., Guilford t., Chenango CO., N. Y., 104 w. Albany, 326 W. It contains 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 plaster m., 1 cloth- iers' works, and about 15 dwellings. East Haddam, p-t, Middlesex co., Ct., 30 s. S. E. Hartford, 313 W. Organized in 1734. The surface is uneven and rocky ; soil, fertile, adapt- ed to grazing. The village called East Haddam Landing, is on the e. bank of Connecticut r., a little below the mouth of Salmon r., and contains an Episcopal church, a bank, 4 stores, and about 30 dwellings. Another village at the head of boat navigation on Salmon r., 4 ms. n., contains 3 stores, 1 saw m., 1 cotton foe, and about 20 dwellings. There are in the t., 12 stores, cap. $46,000 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $12,000 ; 3 fuUmg m., 7 cotton fac. 6,546 sp., 16 sch. 743 scholars. Pop. 2,620. Eastham, p-t., Barnstable co., Mass., 97 s. e. Boston, 498 W. Situated on a narrow part of Cape Cod, about half way between the elbow and the cape. Incorporated in 1616. The soil is sandy and sterile, and the inhabitants are chiefly employed in the fisheries. The town contains a Congregational and a Methodist church ; 4 stores, cap. .$2,050; 18,750 bush, salt produced ; 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $2,140. 6 sch. 458 schol- ars. Pop. 955. East Hamburg, p-o., Hamburg t., Erie co., N. Y., 284 w. Albany, 369 W. East Hamilton, p-o., Hamilton t., Madison CO., N. Y., 92 w. by n. Albany, 358 W. East Hampton, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 98 w. Boston, 376 W. Incorporated in 1809. Situated on the w. side of Connecticut r. The Hampshire and Hamden canal passes through it. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,700 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist in., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,550. 6 sch. 148 scholars. Pop. 717. East Hajipton, p-v., Chatham t., Middlesex CO., Ct. Situated on Pine brook, the outlet of Pocotopogue pond. It contains a Congregational church. East Hampton, p-t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 267 s. E. by S.Albany, 114 e. New York, 347 W. Situated on the e. end of Long Island, and con- tains Montauk Point, Gardner's, and some small- er islands. The surface is level ; soil, a fertile sandy alluvion. Toward Montauk Point the sur- face is very uneven. The light-house on the Point cost $23,000, is 140 feet higii above the level of the ocean, and the ligiit can be seen 30 ms. at sea. The remuaut of the Montauk Indians reside here, on a conditional reservation of 1,000 acres. The V. of East Hampton lies on a single street, and contains one Presbyterian church, Clinton academy, 2 windmills, several stores, 100 dwell- ings, and about 600 inhabitants. Tliere are in the t., 11 stores, cap. $12,490; 2 lumber yards, cap. $15,000 ; 2 tanneries, 5 grist m. Capital in manufac $14,750. 1 acad. 80 students, 11 sch. 469 scholars. Pop. 2,076. East Hanover, p-t., Lebanon co., Pa., 21 E. Harrisburg, 131 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distille- ry, 1 paper fac, 5 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $13,087. 3 sch. 157 scholars. Pop. 2,461. East Harrington, p-o., Harrington t.. Wash ington CO., Me., 131 e. by n. Augusta, 714 W. East Hartford, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 1 E. Hartford, 337 W. It was incorporated in 1784, and is situated on the e. side of Connecticut r. EAS 188 EAS opposite to Hartford, with which it is connected by a bridge. The land on the r. is exceedingly fertile ; back of this it rises 15 or 20 feet to an ex- tended plain. A causeway, a mile long, extends across the meadows to the bridge. The v. is pleasantly situated on the plain, mostly on an extended and broad street, beautifully shaded with a row of lofty elms in the middle of the street, and other trees on its sides. The t. is watered by Hockanum r., which flows into the Connec- ticut, and affords extensive water power. It con- tains 4 churches — 2 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and I Methodist ; 10 stores, cap. $7,620 ; 1 tannery, 1 powder m., 5 paper fac, 2 grist m., 2 saw mills. Cap. in manufac. $10,500. 1 acad. 53 students, 8 sch. 507 scholars. Pop. 2,389. East Harwich, p-v., Harwich t., Barnstable CO., Mass., 100 s. by e. Boston, 501 W. It con- tains a Methodist church and several dwellings. East Haven, p-t., New Haven co., Ct., 39 s. by w. Hartford, 303 W. Incorporated in 1785. Quinnipiack r. runs on its w. border. The sur- face is level ; soil, light and sandy, or sandy loam. To the E. tlie surface is hilly ; and the soil, a gravelly loam. The v. contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal. A light-house stands at the E. point of New Haven harbor. Tliere are in the t., 15 stores, cap. $61,100; 1 lumber yard, cap. $10,000 ; 1 fulluig m., 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $3, 100. 1 acad. 36 students, 7 sch. 375 scholars. Pop. 1,382. East Haven, t., Essex co., Vt. First settled in 1790. Pasumsic r. passes through its w. cor- ner. Watered by Paul's stream on the E. The surface is imeven and mountainous, chiefly adapt- ed to grazuig. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 79. East Haverhill, p-v., Haverhill t., Essex CO., Ms., 38 N. Boston, 468 W. East Hebron, p-o., Oxford co., Me., 36 w. Augusta, 587 W. East Hempfield, p-t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 38 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 118 W. The surface is partly level. Watered by Little Conestoga cr. on the E. It has 5 stores, cap. $23,000; 1 fulling m., 7 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 4 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $13,950. 8 sch. 494 scholars. Pop. 1,657. ^ East Huntingdon, t., Westmoreland co.. Pa. Drained by branches of Jacob's creek. It has II stores, cap. $27,000 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 12 distilleries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- paper, 5 flouring m., 7 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $4,750. 5 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 1,774. ^ East Herrick, p-o., Bradford co., Pa., 154 n. Harrisburg, 264 W. East Highgate, p-o., Highgate t., Franklin CO., Vt., 71 N. N. w. Montpelier, 545 W. East Hill, p-o., Nunda t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 248 w. by. s. Albany, 339 W. East Homer, p-o.. Homer t., Cortland co., N. Y., 136 w. Albany, 323 W. E.4.ST Jav.v, p-o., Java t., Genesee co N Y 263 w. Albany, 3.56 W. ' ■ •' East Kill, p-o.. Hunter t., Greene co N Y 57 s. s. w. Albany, 364 W. ' • •- East Killingly, p-v., KiUingly t., Windham CO., Ct., 49 E. Hartford, 380 W. '"Q"am East Kingston, p-t., Rockingham co N H 36 8. E Concord, 474 W. The soil is fertile! Watered by Powow r. Incorporated in 1738 It has 4 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 fulling m 4 tan' nerics, 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 4 sch. 134 scholars Pop. Sal. East Knox, p-o., Knox t., Waldo co., Me 38 E. N. E. Augusta, 633 W. ' ' E.vst Kov p-o., Pike t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 200 w. by s. Albany, 355 W East Koy, er., N. Y., rises in Genesee co., and in Alleghany co. unites with West Koy cr., whence it flows E. into Genesee r. It affords good water power. East Landing, p-o., Tompkins co., N. Y., 172 w. Albany, 308 W. East Laporte, p-o., Haywood co., N. C, 317 w. Raleigh, 547 W. East Lebanon, p-v., Lebanon t., Grafton oc, N. H., 49 N. w. Concord, 488 W. East Lebanon, p-v., Wayne co., O., 108 n. e. Columbus, 329 W. It has 1 store, about 12 dwelliags, and 70 inhabitants. East Leeds, p-o., Leeds t., Kennebec co., Me., 20 w. Augusta, 588 W. East Le.vington, p-o., Middlesex co., Ms., 8 N. w. Boston, 448 W. East Lexington, p-o., Lexington t, Greene CO., N. Y., 52 s. by w. Albany, 362 W. East Liberty, p-v., Dunbar t., Fayette co.. Pa., 184 w. by s. Harrisburg, 209 W. Situated on the s. bank of Youghiogheny r. East Liberty, v., Alleghany co.. Pa., 5 e. Pittsburg. Pleasantly situated on the Greens- burg and Philadelphia turnpike, and contains 3 churches, several stores, various mechanics, and about 150 dwellings. Pop. 393. East Liberty, p-v.. Perry t., Logan co., O., 59 N. w. Columbus, 449 W. East Limington, p-o., York co.. Me., 68 s. w. Augusta, 543 W. East Line, p-o., Ballston t., Saratoga co., N. Y. East Livermore, p-o., Livermore t., Oxford CO., Me., 22 w. by n. Augusta, 602 W. East Liverpool, p-v., St. Clair t, Columbi- ana CO., O., 156 s. s. E. Columbus, 268 W. Situ- ated on the Ohio r., 4 ms. below the line of Pennsylvania, and contains 4 stores, 3 commis- sion warehouses, 1 steam saw m., 1 steam grist m. It contains a number of splendid brick buildings. It is the principal deposit of flour from the numerous flouring m. on the Little Beaver r. The land rises from the r., affording commanding situations, in its elevated parts. East Long Meadow, p-v., Long Meadow t., Hampden co., Ms., 90 w. s. w. Boston, 366 W. It contains 1 Congregational church, and several dwellings. East Lyman, p-o., Lyman t., Grafton co., N. H., 93 N. N. w. Concord, 53S W. East Lyme, p-v., Lyme t.. New London co., Ct., 51 s. s. E. Hartford, 346 W. It contains 2 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Congregational — 1 cotton fac, and several dwellings. East Macdonough, p-o., Macdonnugh t., Chenango co., N. Y., 114 w. Albany, 333 W. East Machias. (See Mechisses, Me.) East Madison, p-o., Somerset co.. Me., 42 n. Augusta, 437 W. E.\ST Marshfield, p-o., Marslifield t., Ply- mouth CO., Ms. East Marlborough, t., Chester co., Pa., 28 s. w. Philadelphia. The surface has a gentle declivity ; soil, sandy loam. Watered by Po- copsen cr., a branch of Brandywine cr., and Redclay cr. It contains the v. of Unionville. It has 7 stores, cap. $19,000; 2 tanneries, 3 giist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,350. 1 acad. 25 students, 4 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 1,379. East Medway, p-v., Medway t., Norfolk co., Ms., 24 s. w. Boston, 422 W. East Middleborougii, p-v., Plymouth co. Ms., 44 s. by e. Boston, 436 W. It contains a Congregational church, and several dwellings. EAS 189 EAS East Middlebury, p-o., Middlebury t., Ad- dison CO., Vt., 54 s. w. Moiitpelier, 486 W. East Minot, p-o., Cumberland co., Me., 36 s. w. Augusta, 580 W. East Monmouth, p-o., Monmouth t., Kenne- bec CO., Me., 20 s. w. Augusta, 596 W. East Montpelier, p-o., Montpelier t., Wash- ington CO., Vt., 6 E. Montpelier, 522 W. East Monroe, p-v., Fairfield t., Highland co., O., 78 s. w. Columbus, 433 W. East Moultonboro, Moultonboro t., Carroll CO., N. H., 49 N. by e. Concord, 530 W. East Mount Vernon, Mount Vernon t., Ken- nebec CO., Me., 12 N. w. Augusta, 607 W. East Nantmeal, p-t., Chester co.. Pa., 33 n. w. Philadelphia, 65 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 143 W. The surface is liilly ; soil, gravelly. Watered by North and South branches of French cr. and their tributaries. It contains 2 churches and 2 forges. Iron ore is found. There are m the t., 7 stores, cap. $22,500 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,427. 8 sch. 600 scholars. Pop. 2,171. East Nelson, p-o., Shelby co., III., 81 s. E. Sprmgfield. 745 W. East New Market, p-v., Dorchester co., Md., 73 s. e. Annapolis, 113 W. East Newport, p-o., Newport t., Penobscot CO., Me. East New Portland, p-o.. New Portland t., Somerset co.. Me., 52 n. by w. Augusta, 646 W. East New Sharon, p-o.. New Sharon t., Franklin co., Me., 24 n. n. w. Augusta, 617 W. East New York, p-v., Flatbush t., Kings co., N. Y., 5i E. Brooklyn, 152 s. Albany, 6 e. New York, 202 W. It contains 2 Dutch Refonned churches, 3 stores, 1 clock fac. propelled by steam, 1 suspender and boot web fac, and is designed for a large manufacturing \illage. East Northport, p-o., Norihport t., Waldo CO., Me., 46 e. Augusta, 640 W. E.\ST NoRTHWooD, p-0., Norlhwood t., Rock- ingham CO., N. H., 22 e. Concord, 492 W. East Nottingham, t., Chester co.. Pa., 40 s. w. Philadelphia. The surface is gently uneven ; soil, sandy loam. Elk or. runs on its e. boundary. Watered by Little Elk cr. It has the v. of Ox- ford on its N. boundary. It has 7 stores, cap. $12,600; 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 7 paper fac, 5 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$15,737. 1 acad. 37 students, 5 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 2,048. Easton, p-t., Bristol co., Ms., 24 s. Boston, 429 W. Watered by 2 branches of Taunton r., which afford water power. It has 10 stores, cap. $10,100; 5 cotton fac. 1,996 sp., 2 furnaces, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $57,500. 20 sch. 572 scholars. Pop. 2,074. Easton, p-t., Washington co., N. Y., 27 n. n. E. Albany, 397 W. Surface is moderately uneven; soil, sandy and clay loam. Drained by Battenldll, which bounds it on the w. The V. contains 3 churches — 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Methodist, and 1 Friends — 3 stores, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. There are in the t., 4 stores, cap. $9,500 ; 1 cotton fac. 1,692 sp., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,000. 9 sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 2,988. Easton, p-b., and capital of Northampton co.. Pa. Situated on the w. side of Delaware r., at the jimction of the Lehigh, 58 n. Philadelphia, 106 E. N. e. Harrisburg, 199 W. Pop. 1820, 2,370 ; 1830, 3,529 ; 1840, 4,865. It is built on a point of land formed by the Delaware and Le- high rivers, and Bushkill cr. The streets are laid out along the cardinal points, crossing each other at right angles, with a square in the centre, on which stands the courthouse, erected in 1758. The part of the village on the Delaware is level, but considerably elevated above the r., and the ground rises gradually from the r. toward the w. to a considerable height. It has 2 banks, 5 churches, 1 Episcopal, 2 German Lutheran, and 1 Presbyterian. Lafayette College is located here, with wliich manual labor is connected. It has a president, 8 prolessors and tutors, 51 stu- dents, and 1,350 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the last Tuesday in Sep- tember. There is a fine Ijridge over the Dela- ware, 570 feet long, which cost $80,000 ; a chain bridge over the Lehigh ; and 2 bridges over the Bushkill. The Delaware, Morris, and Lehigh canals form a junction at this place. There were in 1840, 70 stores, cap. $272,650 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $15,000 ; 1 woollen lac, cap. $20,000 ; 3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 2 breweries, 2 rope fac, 7 flouring m., 2 saw m., 2 oil m., 3 printing offices, 2 binderies, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $177,295. 5 acad. 290 students, 8 sch. 441 scholars. Easton, p-v., capital of Talbot co., Md., 45 s. E. Annapolis, 85 W. Situated on Tread Haven cr., near the head of a large estuary, 13 ms. from its entrance into Chesapeake bay. It contains a court house, a market house, 3 churches, 1 Epis- copal, 1 Baptist and 1 Friends. It lias considera- ble trade. East Orleans, p-v., Orleans t., Barnstable CO., Ms., 98 s. E. Boston, 499 W. East Orrington, p-o., Penobscot co.. Me., 74 N. E. Augusta, 670 W. East Otis, p-v., Otis t., Berkshire co., Ms., 116 w. by s. Boston, 371 W. It contains a Me- thodist church. East Otto, p-o., Otto t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 298 w. by s. Albany, 348 W. East O.xford, p-o., Oxford t., Oxford co., Me., 50 s. w. Augusta, 582 W. East Painted Post, p-o.. Painted Post t, Steuben co., N. Y., 207 w. by s. Albany, 2S8 W. East Palestine, p-v., Colmnbiana co., O., 167 e. n. e. Columbus, 274 W. It contains 2 stores, various mechanic shops, about 20 dwell- ings, and 150 inhabitants. The union of 2 small streams affords water power. Stone coal and iron ore are found in the vicinity. East Palmyra, p-o.. Palmyra t., Wayne co., N. Y., 190 w. by n. Albany, 361 W. East Parsonfield, p-o., Parsonfield t., York CO., Me., 80 s. w. Augusta, 538 W. East Pembroke, p-o., Pembroke t., Genesee CO., N. Y., 256 w. Albany, 381 W. East Penn, p-t., Northampton co., Pa., 91 n. E. Harrisburg. The surface is mountainous ; soil, gravel and red shale. Watered by Mahon- ing cr. and Lizard cr., which flow into the Le- high r., and afford water power. The Lehigh Water Gap, tlu-ough Blue mountain, is in the s. part of the t. It has 3 stores, cap. $10,000; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 tannery, 2 powder m., 3 grist m., 10 saw m. Capital in manufac. $4 1,000. 4 sch. 180 scholars. Pop. 1,535. E.\sT Pharsalia, p-o., Pharsalia t., Chenan- go CO., N. Y., 123 w. Albany, 340 W. East Pensboro', t., Cumberland co., Pa., 10 N. e. Carlisle. Susquehanna river runs on its e. boundary. Watered by Conedogwinit cr. and branches, which flow into the Susquelianna, and afford water power. Blue mountain bounds it n. It contains the villages Fairview and Wormleys- burg on the Susquehanna, the latter opposite to Harrisburg. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,200 ; 5 lum- ber yards, cap. $17,250 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 3 grist m., 1 saw EAS 190 EAS m Cap. in manufac. $10,507. 4 sch. 159 schol- ars. Pop. 2,391. East Fikeland, t., Chester eo., Pa., 24 n. w. Philadelphia. Watered by Stony, French, and Pickering creeks, branches of the Schuylkill, which afford water power. It contains 2 churches, and the villages of Kimberton and Yellow Springs. It has 1 acad. 59 students, 3 sch. 195 scholars. Pop. 717. East Pike, p-o., Pike t, Alleghany cc, N. Y., 253 w. by s. Albany, 354 W. Ea,st Pierpo.\t, p-v., Pierpont t., St. Law- rence CO., N. Y., 208 N. N. E. Albany, 492 W. It contains 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 1 machine shop, and about 20 dwellings. East Pittsfield, p-o., Pittsfield t., Somerset CO., Me. East Pittston, p-o., Pittston t, Kennebec cc, Me., 13 s. by e. Augusta, 601 W. East Plainfield, p-v., Plainfield t, Sullivan CO., N. H., 55 N. w. Concord, 480 W. East Poland, p-o., Poland t., Cumberland co.. Me., 43 s. w. Augusta, 573 W. Eastport, p-t., Washington co., Me., 183 w. N. w. Augusta, 769 W. It is constituted of Moose island, 4 ms long, and several smaller islands, in Passamaquoddy bay. A bridge on the n. w. con- nects it with Perry, and a ferry of 3 miles with Lubec, s. by e. It has an excellent harbor. The V. contains 5 churches, 40 stores, a United States garrison, and about 2,000 inhabitants, who are chiefly engaged in the lumber trade and the fish- eries. There are in the t. 49 stores, capital $186,250 ; 1 tannery. Cap, in manufac. $8,900. 1 acad. 30 students, 11 sch. 560 scholars. Pop. 3,876. Eastport, p-v., Mill t., Tuscarawas co., O., 113 E. N. E. Columbus, 307 W. Eastport, p-v., Tishamingo co., Miss., 256 n. N. E. Jackson, 853 W. It is situated on the w. side of Tennessee r , at the mouth of Bear cr. East Portage, t., Jackson co., Mich. It has 1 store, cap. $600; 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,600. 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 532. East PouLTNEY,p-o., Poullney t., Rutland co., Vt., 83 s. s. w. Montpelier, 441 W. It contains 2 churches, 3 stores, a female academy, a print- ing office, various mechanic shops, and about *>0 dwellings. East Raisinville, p-o., Raisinville t., Mon- roe CO., Mich., 44 s. w. Detroit, 493 W. East Randolph, p-o., Randolph t.. Orange CO., Vt., 28 s. Montpelier, 498 W. Situated on the second branch of White r., which affords water power. East Randolph, p-o., Randolph t., Norfolk CO., Mass., 14 s. Boston. East Raymond, p-o., Raymond t., Cumber- land CO., Me., 62 s. w. Augusta, 565 W. East Readfikld, p-o., Readfield t., Kennebec CO., Me., 8 w. Augusta, 602 W. East River, N. Y.,is a strait connecting Long Island with the harbor of New York, and, through the Narrows, with the Atlantic. It contains seve- ral islands, and the pa.ss called "Hell Gate," between Great Bam island and Long Island, 7 N. E. of New York. There is little propriety 'in denominating it a river. East Rochester, p-o., Columbiana co., O 144 E. N. e. Columbus, 296 W. T.T^^"',.^^"''*''^'^' P-<>' Rodman t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 158 N. w. Albany, 414 W. East Rockiull, t., Bucks co., Pa., 33 n. n w Philadelphia. The surface is liilly ; soil, gravellv Pop. 551. ■^ ■ East Roxbury, p-o., Roxbury t., Washington CO., Vt., 15 s. Montpelier, 502 W. ^ East Rumford, p-o., Rumford t., Oxford co., Me., 45 w. N. w. Augusta, 617 W. East Rupert, p-o., Rupert t., Bennington co., Vt, 93 s. s. w. Montpelier, 437 W. East St. Albans, p-o., St. Albans t., Somerset CO., Me., 57 N. n. e. Augusta, 652 W. East Salem, p-o., Salem t., Washington co., N. Y., 47 N. e. Albany, 417 W. East Salisbury, p-v., Salisbury t., Essex cc, Mass., 40 N. N. E. Boston, 480 W. East Sanbornton, p-v., Sanbornton t., Bel- knap CO., N. H., 21 N. Concord, 502 W. East Sandlake, p-o.. Sand Lake t., Rensse- laer CO., N. Y., 19 E. Albany, 389 W. East Sandwich, p-v.. Sandwich t., Barnsta- ble CO., Mass., 64 s. s. e. Boston, 465 W. East Sangerville, p-o., Sangerville t., Pis- catiquis cc. Me., 81 n. n. e. Augusta, 676 W. East Schuyler, p-o., Schuyler t., Herkimer cc, N. Y., 84 N. N. w. Albany, "396 W. East Sheffield, p-o., Sheffield t., Berkshire CO., Mass., 144 w. s. w. Boston, 346 W. East Sheldon, p-c, Sheldon t., Franklin co., Vt., 63 N. N. w. Montpelier, 551 W. East Smithfield, p-o., Bradford cc, Pa., 151 N. Harrisburg, 261 W. East Solon, p-o., Solon t., Cortland co., N. Y., 131 w. Albany, 330 W. East Springfield, p-o., Springfield t., Otsego CO., N. Y., 59 w. Albany, 377 W. East Standish, p-o., Standish t., Cumberland CO., Me., 58 s. w. Augusta, 542 W. East Sterling, p-o.. Sterling t., Wayne cc. Pa., 147 n. e. HarrLsburg, 241 W. East Stoughton, p-c, Stoughton t., Norfolk CO., Mass., 19 s. Boston, 441 W. East Sugar Loaf, p-o., Sugar Loaf t., Lu- zerne CO., Pa., 112 N. E. Harrisburg, 220 W. East Sumner, p-c, Sumner t., Oxford co.. Me., 37 w. Augusta, 603 W. East S wanton, p-o., Swanton t., Franklin co., Vt., 67 N. N. w. Montpelier, 541 W. East Thomaston, p-v., Thomaston t., Lincoln CO., Me., 46 s. e. Augusta, 623 W'. Eastown, t., Chester co.. Pa., 16 w. n. w. Philadelphia. The surface is gently uneven ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Darby cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,100. 3 sch. 164 scholars. Pop. 673. East Townsend, p-c, Townsend t., Huron CO., O., 106 N. Columbus, 389 W. Situated a few miles K. of Norwalk. East Trenton, p-c, Trenton t., Hancock cc. Me., 98 E. Augusta, 680 W. East Troy, p-v., Walworth co., Wis., 79 s. K. Madison, 810 W. East Turner, p-o.. Turner t., Oxford co.. Me., 26 w. s. w. Augusta, 587 W. East Union, p-t., Wayne cc, O., 101 n. e. Columbus, 336 W. Situated a few miles e. of Wooster. Pop. 1,864. East Unity, p-v.. Unity t., Sullivan co., N., H., 44 w. Concord, 476 W. East Vassalborough, p-o., Vassalboro' t., Kennebec co., Me., 15 n. e. Augusta, 610 W. East View, p-o., Bledsoe co., Tenn., 108 e. s. E. Nashville, 593 W. East Virgil, p-o., Virgil t., Cortland co., N. Y., 155 w. Albany, 314 W. East Vincent, t., Chester co.. Pa. It has 6 stores, cap. $11,700 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $3,000; 1 paper fac, 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $6,305. "6 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,194. Eastville, p-v., capital, Northampton co.,Va., 151 E. Richmond, 238 W. Situated on the s. side of King's cr., a small stream which enters, by a EAT 191 EAT considerable estuary, into Chesapeake bay. It contains a court house. Eastville, p-v., Randolph co., Ala., 170 e. Tuscaloosa, 741 W. East Wareham, p-v., Wareham t., Plymouth CO., Mass., 56 s. Boston, 449 W. East Washington, p-v., Washington t., Sul- livan CO., N. H. East Waterford, p-v.. Lack t., Juniata co., Pa., 54 N. w. Harrisburg, 130 W. Situated on Tuscarora cr. East Weare, p-v., Weare t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 10 s. w. Concord, 479 W. East Weymouth, p-v., Weymouth t., Norfolk CO., Mass., 15 s. by e. Boston, 449 W. East Whateley, p-v., Whateley t, Franklin CO., Mass., 91 w. by n. Boston, 390 W. East Whiteland, t., Chester co.. Pa., 20 n. w. Philadelphia. The surface is level ; soil, a fertile calcareous loam, well cultivated. It has 4 stores, cap. $16,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $3,000; 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,250. 1 acad. 21 students, 4 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 1,208. East Williamstown, p-o., Williamsto\vn t.. Orange co., Vt., 12 s. by e. Montpelier, 514 W. East Wilton, p-o., Wilton t., Franklin co.. Me., 37 N. w. Augusta, 615 W. East Wilton, p-o., Wilton t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 38 s. s. w. Concord, 456 W. East Windsor, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 7 n. e. Hartford, 343 W. Situated on the e. side of Con- necticut r. The surface is level ; soil, sandy or gravelly loam. The meadows on the r. comprise more than 2,0!)0 acres, of great fertility. The e. and N. parts of the t. produce excellent rye. The v. is on a single, very extended street, a mile hack from the r., running parallel with it. Scantic r. runs through the n. part of the t. It contains 7 churches — 2 Congregational, 2 Methodist, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Baptist. Here is located the '• Theological Institute of Connecticut," under the direction of the Congregationalists, to which is atiached a farm of 60 acres, and a workshop furnished with tools, for manual labor. It was founded in 1834, has 3 professors, 39 students, (37 have completed their theological education,) and has a library of 4,000 volumes. The build- ing is of brick, 4 stories high. There are in the t. 13 stores, cap. $26,^^00 ; 5 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 4 distilleries, 1 paper fac, 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $129,300. 1 college, 39 students, 4 acad. 106 students, 22 sch. 962 schol- ars. Pop. 3,600. East Windsor Hill, p-o., East Windsor t., Hartford co., Ct., 11 n. e. Hartford, 347 W. East Windsor, t., Mercer co., N. J., 20 s. w. New Brimswick. The surface is level ; soil, sandy and gravelly loam, and not very fertile. Drained by Millstone r. in the n. e., and Assun- pink and Miry run in the s. w. It contains Hightstown and several other villages. It has 4 stores, cap. $8,100; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,965. 6 sch. 167 scholars. Pop. 1,989. East WiNTHRop, p-o., Winthrop t., Kennebec CO., Me., 6 w. Augusta, 600 W. East Worcester, p-v., Worcester t., Otsego CO., N. Y., 53 Albany, 375 W. It contains 1 Baptist and 1 ]\Iethodist church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 fulling m., 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. Eaton, county, Mich. Centrally situated in the settled part of the peninsula, and contains 576 sq. ms. Organized in 1837. Watered by Grand and Thornapple rivers, and Battle creeli. The surface is imdulaling, and the soil very fer- tile. It has quarries of sandstone and limestone. Capital, Charlotte. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,102, sheep 103, swine 3,188 ; wheat 15,896 bush, produced, Ind. com 14,492, oats 11,209, potatoes 22,913, sugar 74,849 pounds; 4 stores, cap. $9,500; 2 lumber yards, cap. $1,000; 3 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. La manufac. $20,000. Pop. 2,379. Eato.v, p-t., Carroll co., N. H., 62 n. by e. Concord, 546 W. The surface is in part uneven, and moderately good. Pine grows on the plains, on light land. Chartered in 1776. Iron ore is found. It has several considerable ponds, the outlet of several of which forms Pigwacket river, flowing into Swift r., on the n., and a larger one on the s., which flows into Ossipee lake. There are 4 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 4 grist m., 4 saw m., 18 sch. 748 scholars. Pop. 1,710. Eaton, p-t., Madison co., N. Y., 103 w. by n. Albany, 359 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, a fertile gravelly loam and clay. Drained by tlie head waters of C'henango r. It contains the vil- lage of Morrisville, the capital of the co. Another v., of its own name, contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, 5 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 cot- ton fac, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 distillery, 1 fur- nace, 1 tannery, 1 scythe fac , 100 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. There are in the t. 13 stores, cap. $47,820 ; 2 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 744 sp., 2 furnaces, 4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 printing oflice, 1 weeldy newspa- per, 2 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $94,550. 2 acad. 79 scholars, 24 sch. 1,031 schol- ars. Pop. 3,409. Eaton, p-t., Wyoming co.. Pa., 143 n. e. by n. Harrisburg, 251 W. The surface is hilly and mountainous, lying on the Alleghany range. The soil is moderately fertile. Bowman's cr. flows through it into the Susquehanna, wMch bounds it on the E. and n. e. An eminence, called the Knob, on Susquehanna river, rises 1,150 feet above the surface of the r. It has 2 full- ing m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Capital in man- ufactures $82,100. 5 sch. 169 scholars. Pop. 782. Eaton, p-v., capital of Preble co., O., 94 w. Columbus, 487 W. It is pleasantly situated on the e. side of St. Clair's or Seven Mile cr., which here has a fall of 20 feet in 80 rods, affording good water power. It contains a court house, jail, 3 public offices, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 common to various denomina- tions — 15 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 lulling m., 1 carding machine, 2 tanneries, 1 printing office, about 150 dwellings, and 1,000 inhabitants. Eaton, p-t., Eaton co., Mich., 110 w. by n. Detroit, 580 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 1 store, cap. $3,(X)0 ; 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,500. Pop. 868. Eaton, t., Lorain co., O., 4 s. E. Elyria, is a respectable farming t. It has 5 sch. 146 scholars. Pop. 764. Eaton, p-v., Gibson co., Tenn., 142 w. Nash- ville, 825 W. Situated on the e. side of Forked Deer r. Eaton, p-v.. La Fayette co., Miss., 176 n. by E. .lackson,927W. Eaton Rapids, p-o., Eaton co., Mich., 106 vv. by N. Detroit, 576 W. Eatonton, or Eaton C. H., p-v., capital of Putnam co., Ga., 71 n. w. Milledgeville, 627 W. It contahis a court house, jail, 1 church, 2 acad., 8 stores, 65 dwellings, and about 800 inhtibitants. Eatontown, p-v., Shrevv.sbury t., 3Ionmouilj CO., N. J., 47 E. Trenton, 213 W. Situated on a branch of Swimming r., and contains 1 Presbyte- rian church, an academy, 6 stores, 1 grist m., and EDE 192 EDG about 30 or 40 dwellings. It is surrounded by a pleasant and fertile country. Eatonville, p-v., Herkimer t., Herkimer cc, N. Y., 75 w. N. w. Albany, 394 W. Eavesville, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C. Ebenezer, p-v., Rutherford cc, N. C, 213 w. by s. Raleigh, 450 W. Ebenezer, p-o., Morgan co., Ga., 51 n. n. w. Milledgeville, 635 W. Ebenezer, v., Effingham co., Ga. It is situ- ated on the w. side of Savannah r., about 25 ms. N. of Savannah. It has a large house of worship, and a few dwellings, much dilapidated. Ebenezerville, p-v., York dist., S. C, 84 n. Columbia, 442 W. Ebensburg, p-b., capital, Cambria co.. Pa., 139 w. by N. Harrisburg, 182 W. It has an elevated and commanding situation on the Alleghany mountains. It contains a brick court house and county offices, 3 churches — I Presbyterian, 1 Congregational, and 1 Roman Catholic — 1 acad- emy, of brick, and 7 stores. It has 2 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 353. EcKFORD, p-t., Calhoun co., Mich., 101 w. De- troit, 562 W. It has a fertile soil, adapted to grain, and contains 1 saw m., 9 sch. 182 scholars. Pop. 555 EcK.MANSviLLE, p-v., Adams CO., O., 100 s. by w. Columbus, 455 W. Economy, p-t., Beaver co.. Pa., 217 w. by n. Harrisburg, 243 W. Situated on the e. side of Ohio r. This singular settlement consists of Ger- mans from Svvabia, who, after two removals, have settled down in tliis place. The v. is regularly laid out on 2 streets, parallel to the river, and 4 crossing them at right angles, and contains an elegant church, a woollen and cotton factory, of brick, 1 store, a steam saw m., of brick, a distil- lery, a tannery, a concert hall, museum of natu- ral curiosities and minerals, a mathematical drawing school and library, 100 dwellmgs, and 500 inhabitants. They hold then- property in common, and were founded by Mr. George Rapp, who acted as patriarch and priest of the colony. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $7,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,600 sp., 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $72,050. 4 sch. 145 scholars. Pop. 1,283. Economy, p-o., Wayne co., la., 76 e. Indian- apolis, 521 W. Ecorce, p-t., WajTie co., Mich. It has 1 saw m., 3 sch. 114 scholars. Pop. 738. Eddington, p-t., Penobscot co., Me., 6 n. e. Bangor, 73 e. n. e. Augusta, 663 W. Penobscot r. flows on its n. w. border. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has a v. pleasantly situated on the Penobscot. It has 1 fulling m., 5 saw m. Cap. m manufac. $8,000. 261 scholars in schools. Pop. 595. Eddyville, p-v., Caldwell co., Ky., 237 w. s. w Frankfort, 769 W. It is situated on the e. side of Cumberland r. Eddyville, v., Kingston t., Ulster co., N. Y. feituated on the n. side of Rondout r., which af- fords good water power, at the head of tide water. It coniams 1 church, 4 stores, 3 freighting estab- bshments 1 cotton fac, 2 hydraulic cement m., 1 !m •"".' ^fy'^woo'l m-' 50 dwellings, and about 400 mhabitants. It has 20 sloops enga-red in transportation. The Delaware and Hiids^on ca- nal terminates at this place. Eddytown, v., Starkie V,., Yates co., N Y contains 1 Presbyterian church, 3 stores, I'tanI Tiery, 30 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants fiR^w"' ^'-V V''?-"'^^ ''°-' ^^""-^ '"1 ^- Augusta, 68J W. Situated m the n. part of Mount Desert island. Organized in 1795. It is surrounded on 3 sides by P renchman's bay, and Mount Desert sound, and has fine harbors. Several islands lie at the entrance of the sound, the largest of which is Cranberry island, so called from the abun- dance of that fruit which it yields. The soil of the t. is fertile, and the inhabitants are exten- sively engaged in the fisheries. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $1,100. 12 sch. 456 scholars. Pop. 1,054. Eden, p-t., Lamoille co., Vt., 45 n. Montpe- lier, 559 W. Chartered in 1781, and given to Col. Seth Warner, and his associates, officers and soldiers of the revolutionary war. Watered by branches of Lamoille r., wliicli afford water power. It has a pond 2 miles long. The surface is mountainous ; soil well adapted to grazing. It has I store, cap. $3,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,800. 8 sch. 211 scholars. Pop. 703. Eden, p-t.,JErie co., N. Y., 14 s. Buffalo, 306 w. Albany, 370 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile gravelly loam and clay. Drained by Cauquaga and Big Two Sisters creeks, which flow into Lake Erie. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,250 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,50Q 7 sch. 224 scholars. Pop. 2,174. Ede.\, p-o., Venango co.. Pa., 192 w. n. w Harrisburg, 281 W. Eden, p-o., Trumbull co., O. Eden, t.. Licking co., O. Pop. 853. Eden, t., Seneca co., O., 8 s. Tiffin. It is sit- uated on Honey cr. It has 5 stores, cap. $2,760 ; 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,025. 9 sch. 293 scholars. Pop. 1,471. Eden, p-o., Laurens dist., S. C. Eden, p-o., Effingham co., Ga., 133 e. s. e Milledgeville, 680 W. Eden, po., Hancock co., la., 23 e. Indianapo- lis, 559 W. Eden, p-o., Lawrence co., HI., 149 s. e. Spring- field, 715 W. Eden, t.. La Grange co., la. It has 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 277. Eden's Ridge, p-o., Sullivan co., Tenn., 279 E. Nashville, 403 W. Edento.n, p-v., capital of Chowan co., N. C, 66 s. Norfolk, 182 e. by n. Raleigh, 274 W. Situated near the mouth of Chowan r., at the head of Edenton bay, which sets up from Albe- marle sound. It contains an elegant court house, a jail, 2 churches, a bank, an academy, and a printing office. Considerable sliipping is owned here. Edenville, p-v., Warwick t.. Orange co., N. Y., 119 s. by w. Albany, 267 W. It contains 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. Edgar, county, 111. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Drained by Big, Brulette's, and Clear creeks, and Little Em- barrass r. The soil is generally fertile. Capi- tal, Paris. There, were in 1840, neat cattle 11,627, sheep 10,554, swine 27,557 ; wheat 40,870 bush, produced, rye 2,346, Indian corn 547,433, oats 1 13,848, potatoes 22,058, sugar 40,465 pounds ; 16 stores, cap. $56,300 ; 8 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 9 grist m., 9 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $26,049. Pop. 8,225. Edgarton, p-t., port of entry, capital of Dukes CO., Ms., 97 s. s. E. Boston, 979 W. Situated on the E. part of Martha's Vineyard. The surface is mostly level, with a few elevations. The v. is pleasantly situated on the w. side of the har. EDI 193 EDW bor, and contains a court house, and 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. The harbor is safe aud excellent. It has 7 whale sliips, 2 schooners, and 8 or 10 sloops. There are in the t. 21 stores, cap. $30,400; 1 lumber yard, cap. .94,000. Cap. in manufac. $54,000. 1 acad. 30 students, 13 sch. 5S8 scholars. Pop. 1,736. Edgecomb, p-t., Lincoln co., Me., 32 s. s. e. Augusta, 593 W. It is situated between Dama- riscotta r. on the e., and Sheepscot r. on the w., and lies opposite t(j \^'iscasset, which is situated at the mouth of the Sheepscot. It has considera- ble navigation employed in the coasting trade and the fisheries. Ship building is a considera- ble business. It has 3 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 1 full- ing ra., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,800 ; 4 sch. 541 scholars. Popula- tion, 1,233. Edgecombe, county, N. C. Situated cen- trally toward the E. part of the state, and con- tains 650 sq. ms. Neuse r. runs on its s. w. bor- der. Watered by Tar r. and its branches. The surface is level ; soil, moderately fertile. Capi- tal, Tarboro. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,380, swine 37,521 ; wheat 14,295 bush, pro- duced, rye 3,200, Ind. corn 715,660, oats 27,280, potatoes 86,500, cotton 2,445,000 poimds ; 15 store,s, cap. $8,500 ; 1 cotton fac. 1,100 sp., 86 dis- tilleries, 1 flouring ra., 9 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 periodical, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $65,250. 1 acad. 28 students, 13 sch. 285 scholars. Pop. wliites 7,915, slaves 7,439, free col'd 35 i; total, 15,708. Edgecomb's Corners, p-c, Galway t, Sara- toga CO., N. \". Edgefield, dist, S. C. Situated in the w. fiart of the state, and contains 1,680 .sq. ms. Sa- uda r. runs on its n. e. border, and Savannah r. on its s. w. Drained by Little Saluda r. and Stephens' cr. The surface is moderately un- even ; soil not very fertile, but well adapted to cotton, of which it produces annually 35,000 bales. Capital, Edgefield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 36,339, sheep 15,324, swine 62,184 ; wheat 40,295 bush, produced, rye 3,023, Ind. corn 1,068,521, oats 120,384, potatoes 62,069, cot- ton 7,613,125 pounds; 6 commercial and com. houses, cap. $26,000 ; 39 stores, cap. $205,500 ; 1 cotton fac. 2,000 sp., 8 tanneries, 80 grist m., 52 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $127,175. 1 acad. 65 students, 5 sch. 152 scholars. Pop. whites 15,020, slaves 17,538, free col'd 294 ; total, 32,852. Edgefield, C. H., p-v., capital of Edgefield dist., S. C, 140 N. w. Charleston, 55 w. s. w. t-olumbia, 554 W. It cojitains a court house, 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 2 academies, 6 stores, and about 1,200 inhabi- tants. Edgemont, p-t., Delaware co.. Pa., 87 e. s. e. Ilarrisburg, 129 W. The surface is liilly ; soil, loam. Watered by Ridley cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $10,500 ; 1 cotton fac, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $500. 4 sch. 114 scholars. Pop. 713 Edin.\, p-v., capital, Scotland co.. Mo. Situ- ated on the w. side of the South Fabius r., 30 ms. N. Shelbyville. Edixburg, p-b., Erie co., Pa., 253 n. w. Har- risburg, 326 W. Pop. 232. Edinburg, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 52 n. Albany, 420 W. The surface is mountainous on the e., undulating on the w. Watered by Sa- condaga r., along which are fertile alluvial flats. It has 4 stores, cap. $8,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tan- nery, 3 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,200. 12 sch. 467 scholars. Pop. 1,458. Edinburg, p-v., Mahoning t., Mercer co.. Pa., 242 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 280 W. It contains 2 stores, 1 grist m., and 12 or 15 dwellings. Edinburg, p-t.. Portage co,, O., 146 N. E. Co- lumbus, 315 W. The soil is fertile, and adapted to grazing. Organized in 1819. It has 2 church- es, and 2 stores. It has 10 sch. 383 scholars. Pop. 1,085. Edinburg, p-v., Johnson co., la., 30 s. Indian- apolis, 581 W. Situated at the junction of Blue r. and Sugar cr., branches of the e. fork of White river. Edinburg, p-o., Scotland co.. Mo. Edinburg, p-v., Leake co., Miss., 71 n. e. Jackson, 947 W. Edinburg, p-v., capital, Jones co., Iowa. Sit- uated on a small branch of Mineral or., which flows into Makoqueta r. Edinburg, t., Penobscot co., Me. Incorpora- ted in 1835. Bounded e. by Penobscot r. It has a considerable pond in tlie n. w. part, the outlet of which flows across it into the Penobscot. It has 1 sch. 23 scholars. Pop. 52. Edisto, r., S. C, rises in 2 main branches called North Edisto and South Edisto, in Edge- field dist., and pursues a s. e. course into Colle- ton di.st., where it turns to the s. and enters the Atlantic by two branches, which form a large island, called Edisto island. This island is 12 miles long, and from 1 to 5 broad, and contauis 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal. Edisto r. is navigable for large boats 100 ms. Edmeston, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 15 w. Cooperstown, 89 w. Albany, 355 W. The sur- face is hilly ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Wharton's cr. and Unadilla r., by which it is bounded w. The v. contains 1 store, 1 grist m., and 8 or 10 dwellings. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $10,500; 3 fulling m., 5 tanneries, 2 grist m., 11 saw. Cap. in manufac. $29,175. 14 sch. 63S scholars. Pop. 1,907. Edmonds, t., Washington co.. Me. Situated on Cobscook bay, which bounds it on the e. It has 3 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $2,500. 4 sch. 113 scholars. Pop. 259. Edmond.s, p-o., Brunswick co., Va., 88 s. Rich- mond, 204 W. Edmonson, county, Ky. Situated centrally, w. of the middle of the state, and contains 250 sq. ms. Watered by Green r. and its branche.s, Nolin cr., and Bear cr. The soil is fertile. Capi- tal, Brownsville. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 2,170, sheep 3,131, swine 7,420; wiieat 6,733 bush, produced, Ind. corn 57,050, buckwheat 3,495, oats 24,780, potatoes 1,215, tobacco 94,122 poinids, cotton 2,525, sugar 2,060 ; 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 4 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. ftl,150. Pop. whites 2,579, slaves 334, free col'd 1 ; total, 2,914. Edneyville, p-o.. Buncombe co., N. C, 257 w. Raleigh, 499 W. Edsallville, p-o., Bradford co., Pa., 161 n. Harrisburg, 26S W. Edw.irds, county. 111. Situated toward the s. e. part of the state, and contains 200 sq. ms. The surface is undulating ; soil, fertile. Water- ed by Little Wabash r. and Bon Pas cr., which forms its E. boundary. Capital, Albion. There were in 1810, neat cattle 5,145, sheep 3,933, swine 9,734 ; wheat 10,852 bush, produced, Ind. corn 139,589, oats 26,733, potatoes 8,746; 10 stores, cap. $43,550 ; 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 2 flouring m., 4 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $11,125. 4 sch. 87 scholars. Pop. 3,070. Edwards, p-t., St. Lawretiee co., N. Y., 184 N. N. w. Albany, 468 W. The surface is un- EGG 194 ELD even ; soil, day loam, well adapted to grass. Drained by Oswegatchie r. It has 3 stores, cap. $(>,000 ; 1 furnace, I forge, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,500. 4 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 956. Edwardsburg, p-v., Ontwa t., Cass co., Mich., 172 w. s. w. Detroit, 617 W. Situated on Beardsley's lake, and contains 4 stores. A prai- rie stretches to the s. w. It is pleasantly situated and flourishing. Edwardsport, p-v., Knox co., la., 105 s. w. Indianapolis, 672 W. Edwaud-sville, p-o., Edwards t., St. Law- rence CO., N. Y. Edwardsville, p-v., Salem t., Warren co., Ohio. Edwardsville, p-v., capital, Madison co.. 111., 12 s. E. Alton, 74 s. by w. Springfield, 794 W. It contains a court house and jail, a U. S. land oflice, 2 churches — 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist — an academy, 7 stores, a castor oil fac, and about 70 or 80 dwellings. It has an elevated and plea- sant station, in the midst of a fertile country. Eel, r., la., rises in Hendricks co., and after a winding course, falls into White r., at Point Com- merce, in Greene co. Eel River, p-o., Plymouth co., Ms., 42 s. s. e. Boston, 450 W. Eel River, p-o., Allen co., la., 143 n. n. e. Indianapolis, 556 W. Effingham, county, Ga. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, and contains 396 sq. ms. Sa- vannah r. runs on its e. boundary. Capital, Springfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,931, sheep 2,153, swine 6,943; wheat 1,222 bush, produced, Ind. corn 54,830, potatoes 20,459, rice 69,313 pounds, cotton 240,603, sugar 3,670 ; 4 stores, cap. $7,690 ; 1 acad. 30 students. Pop. whites 2,924, slaves 1,433, free col'd 9 ; total, 3,075. Effingham, county. 111. Situated a little s. e. of the centre of the state, and contains 4S6 sq. ms. The surface is slightly undulating; soil, moderately good. Drained by Little Wabash r. and its tributaries, on which the land is rich, but liable to occasional inundation. Capital, Ewing- ton. Tliere were in 1840, neat cattle 1,334, sheep 678, swine 3,296 ; wheat 1,499 bush, produced, Ind. corn 55,800, oats 1,755, potatoes 1,797, sugar 2,000 pounds ; 5 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $3,500. Pop. 1,675. Effingham, p-t., Carroll co., N. H., 62 n. n. e. Concord, 540 W. A large pond lies on its n. border, the outlet of wliich Ibrms Great Ossipee r. Providence pond in the s. e. part, discharges its waters through the t. into Great Ossipee r. Ossipee lake lies near its n. w. border. The surface is uneven, and the soil various. Incor- porated in 1778. It has 4 stores, cap. $4,900 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 12,r"'^""'"'^<=- ®^'™0 ; 1 acad. 100 students, 9 sch. 377 scholars. Pop. 1,195. Effingham, p-v., Darlmgton dist., S. C, 133 E. N. E. Columbia, 473 W. Egg Harbor, Great, river and bay N J The r rises in Gloucester t. and co., and flows 45 miles, into Great Egg Harbor bay, which is about 5 ms. long, and from i to 4 ms. broad The mer IS navigable for sloops over 25 ms.' above May s landing, below which it flows throueh a marsh. = Egg Harbor, Little, bay and river N J The r. rises in Burlington and Gloucester counties and flows to the bay. It is navigable 25 miles' and IS approached through New Inlet, which h- ' a depth of water of from 15 to 18 feet Egg Harbor, Great, t., Atlantic co., N. J.. 48 s. E. Woodbury. The surface is level. A marsh extends several miles from the shoi-e, back of which the soil is sandy, and covered with pine forest. It contains the villages of Bargaintowri and Somers' Point. It has 10 stores, cap. $10,600 ; 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manulac. $9,800. 10 sch. 810 scholars. Pop. 2,739. Egg Harbor, Little, t., Burlington co^ N. J., 35 s. E. Mount Holly. The surface is level ; soil, gravel and sand. In the n. part are plains, covered with low pines and shrub oaks, in whic:h deer and grouse are found. Drained by Bass r. and other branches of Little Egg Harbor r. It contains the v. of Tuckerton. There are in the t., 7 stores, cap. $17,000 ; 1 grist ra., 1 saw mill. Cap. in manufac. $6,800. 7 sch. 285 scholars. Pop. 1,875. Egremoxt, t., Berkshire co., Mass. Tlie sur- face is mountainous. Watered by branches of Housatonic r. Incorporated in 1778. It has 5 stores, cap. $2,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 6 saw ra., 1 acad. 18 students, 5 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 1,038. Egypt, p-o., Perrington t., Monroe co., N. Y., 207 w. by N. Albany, 361 W. Egypt, p-o., Monroe co., Va., 261 w. Rich- mond, 298 W. Egypt, p-o., Fayette co., Tenn., 194 s. w. by w. Nashville, 879 W. Elamsville, p-v., Patrick co., Va., 216 w. s. w. Richmond, 291 W. Elba, p-t., Genesee co., N. Y., 7 n. Batavia, 255 w. Albany, 330 W. The surface is undulat- ing ; soil, sandy and gravelly loam. Drained by Oak Orchard cr. It has 6 stores, cap. $31,500 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $100; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $60,710. 16 sch. 591 scholars. Pop. 3,161. Elba, p-o., Washtenaw co., Mich., 59 w. De- troit, 535 W. Elba, t., Lapeer co., Mich. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,700. Pop. 101. Elbert, county, Ga. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 560 sq. ms. Sa- vannah r. runs on its n. e. border, and Broad r. on ils s. w. boundary. The surface is hilly ; soil, productive red loam, in the s. part. Capital, El- berton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,431, sheep 5,988, swine 19,226 ; wheat 27,631 bush, produced, Ind. corn 294,423, oats 35,501, potatoes 10,778, silk cocoons 100 pounds, cotton 1,692,848 ; 18 stores, cap. $77,750 ; 7 flouring m., 19 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $36,740. 4 acad. 107 students, fa sch. 146 scholars. Pop. whites 6,077, slaves 4,975, free col'd 73; total, 11,125. Elberton, p-v., capital of Elbert co., Ga., Ill N.N E. Milledgeville, 563 W. It contains a court house, jail, 1 church, 2 academies, several stores, and 21 dwellings. Elbridge, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 13 w. Syracuse, 149 w. by N. Albany, 347 W. The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, fertile. Wa- tered by the outlet of Skaneateles lake, whicb flows N. into Seneca r. The Erie canal passes through the n. part, and the Utica and Albany railroad its s. part. It has 23 stores, cap. $63,400 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $1,700 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tan- neries, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $230,285. 1 acad. 300 students, 17 sch. 1,017 scholars. Pop. 4,647. Elbridge, p-o., Edgar co.. 111., 123 E. Spring- field, 655 W. Elder Branch, p-o., Wilkes co., N. C, 162 w. by n. Raleigh, 369 W. Eldersville, p-v.. Cross Creek t., Washing- ELI 195 ELI ton CO., Pa., 231 w. JlarriKburg, 25 1 W. It con- tains about half a dozen houses. Elderton, p-v., Phimb Creek t., Armstrong CO., Pa., 168 vv. N. w. Harrisburg, '222 W. It contains 2 stores, and about 30 dwelUngs. El Dor.\do, p-o., Clark co., Mo. Eldred, p-o., Wayne co., Pa., 180 n. e. Har- risbnrg, 277 W. Eldred, t., Jefferson co.. Pa. Pop. 395. Eldredville, p-o., Lycoming co., Pa., 116 n. Harrisbnrg, 226 W. Eldridge, p-o., Buckingham co., Va., 71 w. Richmond, 149 W. Eldridge, p-o., Walker co., Ala., 52 n. Tus- caloosa, 819 W. Electra, p-o., Monroe co.. Miss., 188 N. E. Jackson, 917 W. Eleven Points, p-o., Ripley co., Mo., 204 s. s. E. Jefferson city, 978 W. Eleysville, p-o., Erie co., N. Y., 282 w. Al- bany, 386 W. Elgin, p-o., Lyndon t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 285 w. by s. Albany, 325 W. Elgin, p-v., Kane co., 111., 199 n. n. e. Spring- field, 752 W. Situated on the w. side of Fox r. It contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Bap- tist, 1 Methodist — 1 academy, 4 stores, 3 saw m., 1 grist m., and 300 inhabitants. JElimsport, p-o., Lycoming county, Pa., 78 n. Harrisburg, 194 W. Eliza, p-o., Mercer co., El., 153 n. w. Spring- field, 883 W. I Elizabeth, t., Essex co., N. J. The soil is red shale, clay, loam, and marsh, and fertile. Watered lay Boimd and Morss brooks. Large quantities of grass are cut on the marsh, chiefly for manure. Newark bay and Staten Island sound lie on its E. border. It has 22 stores, cap. $51,900; 2 lumber yards, cap. 10,000; 2 tanne- ries, 3 potteries, 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 gri.st m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. .$297,250. 3 acad. 150 students, 10 sch. 393 scholars. Pop. 4,184. Elizabeth, t., Alleghany co.. Pa. It lies be- tween Yougluogheny and Monongahela rivers, by branches of which it is watered, and which unite at its extreme n. point. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Coal is found in abundance, and can be bought in the pit for half a cent per bushel. It has 7 stores, cap. $31,950 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 distill eries, 1 glass house, 6 flour- ing ra., 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $57,600. 11 sch. 520 scholars. Pop. 3,317. Elizabeth, p-v., Elizabeth t., Alleghany co., Pa., 14 s. Pittsburg, 192 w. Harrisburg, 218 W. Situated on the e. side of the Monongaliela. By means of a slack water navigation, steamboats of a large class come to this place, and many are built here. It contains 2 churches, 6 stores, 1 glass fac, 1 woollen fac, 1 steam flouring m., 1 saw m., and numerous mechanics. Elizabeth, t., Lancaster co., Pa. Tlie surface is hilly ; soil, red shale and gravel. Trout creek rims on its e., and Hammer cr. on its w. bounda- ry. Traversed by Middle cr. and its tributary, yeglock cr. It has 1 church, and contains the v. of Brickersville. There are in the t., 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 12 gi-ist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $7,000. Pop. 2,049. Elizabeth, t., Lawrence co., O. It has 7sch. 342 scholars. Pop. 1,540. Elizabeth, t., Miami co., O. It has 6 sch. 294 scholars. Pop. 1,381. Elizabeth, p-v., (post-office called Jackson- ville,) Wood CO., Va., 325 w. by n. Richmond, 304 W. Situated on the w. bank of Little Kanawha r., 25 ms. from its mouth. On the e. side of the r., 8 ms. above this place, is a remarkable burn- ing spring. Elizabeth, p-v., Harrison co., la., 138 s. In- dianapolis, 635 W. It is situated 4 ms. n. of the Oliio river. It has 3 stores, and about 100 inhabit- ants. Elizabeth, p-v., capital, Jackson co.. Ark., 118 N. E. Little Rock, 1,00S W. Situated on the E. side of White r. a little below the entrance of Big Black r., and at the head of steamboat navi- gation. It has a court house and several dwell- ings. Elizabeth City, county, Va. Situated in the E. part of the state, and contains 64 sq. ms. It was one of the 8 original shiies, into which Vir- ginia was divided in 1634. It has Hampton roads, at the mouth of James r., on the s., and Chesa- peake bay on the E. The surface is level ; soil, generally fertile. Capital, Hampton. There vsere in 1840, neat cattle 2,4 15, sheep 1,268, swine 5,044 ; wheat 18,559 bush, produced, Ind. corn 80,540, oats 13,727, potatoes 11,053, cotton 664 poimds ; 31 stores, cap. $46,200 ; 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $23,475. 2 acad. 165 students, 3 sch. 109 scholars. Pop. whites 1,954, slaves 1,708, free col'd 44 ; total, 3,706. Elizabeth City, p-v., capital, Pasquotank CO., N. C, 40 s. w. Norfolk, Va., 215 e. by n. Raleigh, 283 W. Situated on Pasquotank r., 20 ms. from its mouth. Vessels requiring 7 feet wa- ter come up to the place. It has a water com- munication with Norfolk, 20 ms. up Pasquotank r., thence 22 ms. by the Dismal Swamp canal, to to Elizabeth r., Va., thence 9 ms., to iSorfolk. It exports shingles, staves, and pitch pine lumber to the West Indies, and contains a court house, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Elizabeth Islands, Mass., consist of 16 small islands between Buzzard's bay and Vineyard sound, ranging n. e. and s. w. The principal are Nashawn, Pasqui, Nashawenna, Piniquese, and Cuttyhunk. Two of them are inhabited. Elizabethport, p-v., Elizabeth t., Essex co., N. J., 47 N. E. Trenton, 12 s. w. New York. It is situated on Staten Island sound, near its junc- tion with Newark bay. It contains a church, several manufactories, and about 100 dweUings. The Elizabethtown and Somerv'ille railroad com- mences here. Steamboats ply several times daily between this place and New York. Elizabeth River, Va., rises in Princess Ann and Norfolk counties, and flows n. w., 25 miles, into a large estuary at the mouth of James river, forming a fine harbor at Noriblk. It forms, with the Dismal Swamp canal, and Pasquotank r., a communication from Chesapeake bay to Albe- marle sound. Elizabethtown, p-t., capital of Essex co., N. Y., 126 N. Albany, 501 W. The surface is moun- tainous, the Clinton range running through it from s. to N. Some of the peaks are elevated from 12 to 1,500 feet above the level of the plains. It is drained by the Boquet r. Iron ore of the best quality abounds here. The v. is on Boquet r., and contains a court house, jail, a state arsenal, 1 church, 5 stores, 45 dwellings, and about 300 inliabitants. There are in the t., 2 stores, cap. 84,000; 5 forges, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 14 sawm. Cap. in manufac. $18,500. 1 acad. 20 students, 9 sch. 343 scholars. Pop. 1,061. Elizabethtown, p-b., Essex county N. J., 44 N. E. Trenton, 213 W. Situated on Eliz- abethtowTi cr., 2i ms. from its entrance into Sta- ten Island sound. The New Jersey railroad, and the Elizabethtowni and Somerville railroad, pass through it. It contains a court house, jail, a I bank, an insurance office, 5 churches, of wliich ELK 196 ELK the Presbyterians have 2, the Episcopalians 1, and the Methodists 1, 12 stores, 2 male and 2 fe- male academies, and about 500 dwellings. Its government resembles that of a city. Vessels of 30 tons come up to the place, and of 300 tons to the port at the mouth of the river. It contains about 2,500 inhabitants. Elizabethtown, p-v., Elizabeth t., Lancaster CO., Pa., 18 E. Harrisburg, 128 W. Situated in the forks of Coney or., and contains 2 stores, and about 40 dwellings. Incorporated in 1827. Elizabethtown, p-v., Whitewater t., Hamil- ton CO., O., 132 s. w. Columbus, 508 W. It con- tains a church, several stores, and about 200 in- habitants. The Whitewater canal passes through this place. Elizabethtown, p-v., capital, Marshall co., Va. Situated on Grave creek, at its entrance into the Ohio, 12 ms. below Wheeling. The site of the v. is elevated, and it contains a court house and other county buildings. Here are very ex- tensive ancient tumuli, scattered over a large plain, consisting of one main mound, 106 feet nigh, and 400 yards in circumference, surrounded by a ditch, and encompassed by other similar and smaller mounds. (See Grave Creek.) Elizabethtown, p-v., capital of Hardin co., Ky., 79 s. w. Frankfort, 621 W. Situated on the N. side of Valley cr., a branch of Nolin's cr. It contains a court house and 979 inhabitants. Elizabethtown, p-v., capital of Bladen co., N. C, 99 s. Raleigh, 387 W. Situated on the w. side of Cape Fear r., 40 ms. above Wilmington, 55 below Fayetteville. It contains a courthouse, and several stores and dwellings. Elizabethtown, p-v., capital of Carter co., Tenn., 301 e. Nashville, 414 W. Situated on the Watauga r., a branch of Holston r. It contains a court house, jail, several stores and dwellings. There are extensive manufactories of iron in the vicmity. Elizabethtown, p-v., capital of Hardin co., HI., 219 s. s. e. Springfield, 786 W. It contains a court house and 1,050. inhabitants. Elizabethville, p-o., Dauphin co., Pa., 39 n. Harrisburg, 149 W. Elizaville, p-o., Columbia co., N. Y., 44 s. Albany, 333 W. Elizaville, p-v., Fleming co., Ky., 5 w. Flemingsburg, 99 e. by n. Frankfort, 492 W. It contains 1 Methodist church and 200 inhabitants. Elk, r., Md., rises in Pennsylvania, and (lows by a broad estuary into the n. part of Chesapeake bay. It is navigable 15 miles to Elkton. Elk, r., Ala., rises in Tennessee, and flowing into Alabama, enters Teiuiessee, a little above the Muscle Shoals. Elk Creek, p-t., Venango co.. Pa., 122 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 231 W. The surface is level ; soil, loam. Drained by Six Mile run, and by Canoe, Beaver, and Dyer Paint creeks It has 5 stores, cap. 816,100 '; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- paper, 2 gri.st m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,080. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 785. Elk, t., Warren co.. Pa. It has Alleo-hany r on Its E. and s. border, and Conewango cr. on its w. border. It has excellent land on its streams. It has 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,000 4 sch. 36 scholars. Pop. 382. Elk, t., Athena co O. Situated on the wa- ters of Racoon cr. It contains the v of McAr thurstovvTi. It has 6 stores, cap. $3,100 ; 5 sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 1,261. Elk, t., Monroe co., (). Pop. 535. Elk Fork, t., Van Buren co., Mo It has 1 Bch 12 scholars. Pop. 360. ' '^^ ^ Elk Fork, t, Pettis co., Mo. Pop. 454. Elk Creek, p-t., Erie co.. Pa., 16 s. w. Erie, 256 N. w. Harrisburg, 329 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Cussa- wago cr., a branch of Elk cr., and tributary of Conneaut cr., on the last of which salt springs are found. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,300 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. ,$1,600. 14 sch. 450 scholars. Pop. 1,645. Elk Creek, p-o., Grayson co., Va., 277 w. by s. Richmond, 346 W. Elk Cross Roads, p-o., Ashe co., N. C, 214 w. N. Raleigh. Elk Furnace, p-o., Nelson co., Va. Elk Garden, p-o., Russell co., Va., 320 w. by s. Richmond, 375 W. Elk Grove, p-o., Iowa co.. Wis., 71 s. w. Madison, 903 W. Elk Grove, p-o., Cook co.. 111., 228 n. e. by N. Springfield, 741 W. Elkhart, county, la. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 460 sq. ms. Watered by St. Joseph and Elkhart rivers, and their tribu- taries. The land is pleasantly interspersed with woodland and prairies, and watered by numerous springs and streams. Capital, Goshen. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,842, sheep 2,925, swine 8,801 ; wheat 44,501 bushels produced, rye 8,763, Ind. com 98,862, buckwheat 758, oats 45,877, po- tatoes 23,431, silk cocoons 150 pounds, sugar 73,697 ; 10 stores, cap. $46,500 ; 2 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 3 flouring m., 6 grist m., 12 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufactures $11,415. 22 sch. 473 scholars. Pop. 6,660. Elkhart, p-v., Elkhart co., la., 154 n. Indiau- apolis, 609 W. Elkhart, t.. Noble co., la. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 sch. 16 scholars. Pop. 262. Elkhart, r., la., rises in Noble and La Grange COS., and flows into St. Joseph's r., in Elkhart co." Elk Hill, p-o., Amelia co., Va., 32 s. w. Richmond, 149 W. Elkhorn, r., Ky., after a course of 30 miles, enters Kentucky r., on the e. side, in Franklin county. Elkhorn, p-o., Franklin county, Ky., 9 n. E. Frankfort, 551 W. Elkhorn, t., Warren co.. Mo. Pop. 642. Elkhorn, r., El., rises in Washington co., runs N. w., and enters Kaskaskia r. Elkhorn, p-o., Ray co.. Mo., 149 w. N. w. Jeffenson city, 1,054 W. Elkhorn, p-v., capital of Walworth county, Wis., GS s. e. Madison, 797 W. Elkhorn Grove, p-o., Jo-Daviess co., 111., 179 N. Springfield, 842 W. Elkland, p-t., Tioga co.. Pa., 170 n. Harris- burg, 280 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel, loam, and clay, heavily timbered. Drained by Cowanesque and Crooked creeks, branches of Tioga r. It has 7 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,125. 5 sch. 149 scholars. Pop. 710. Elk Lick, p-o., Somerset co., Pa., 145 w. Har- risburg, 162 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $13,000; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $0,800. 1 sch. 22 scholars. Pop. 1,495. Elk Ridge, p-o., Giles co., Tenn., 65 s. Nash- ville, 719 W. Situated on Robison's Fork of Richland cr. Elk Ridge Landing, p-v., Anne Arundel co., Md., 30 N. N. w. Annapolis, 30 W. Situated on the s. side of Patapsco r., 7 ms. w. s. w. of Baltimore, at the head of tide water. The Washington Branch railroad, and the Baltimore ELL 197 ELL and Ohio railroad, intersect at this place ; the for- mer crossing the r. over a splendid viaduct, 700 feet long, and 3S feet above the r., on 8 arches, all of granite from the neighborhood. The v. has a Methodist church, a lyceum, with a library, 2 flouring m., 1 blast furnace, for the manufac- ture of cast-iron pipe, employing 300 hands, a rolling mill and nail fac, and about 1,000 in- habitants. Elk River, t., Newton co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 19 scholars. Pop. 335. Elk Run, t., Columbiana co., O. Situated a few ms. E. New Lisbon. Elkton, p-v., capital of Cecil co., Md., 80 n. E. Annapolis, 90 W. Situated i a mile s. of the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore rail- road, 44 ms. from Philadelphia, and at the junc- tion of the two main branches of Elk r., at tbe head of tide water. It contains a court house, jail, bank, and Methodist church. Its trade is less extensive than formerly. ElKton, p-v., Elk Run t., Columbiana co., O., 154 N. E. by E. Colmnbus, 276 W. It contains 68 inhabitants. Elkton, p-v., Giles co., Tenn., 90 s. Nash- ville, 739 W. It is situated on Elk r., 2 miles above its junction with Richland cr., and con- tains 150 inhabitants. Elkton, p-v., capital of Todd co., Ky., 187 s. w. Frankfort, 711 W. Situated on the e. side of Elk cr., a branch of Red r. It contains a court house and 474 inhabitants. Elkton, p-v., Polk co.. Mo., 114 s. w. Jeffer- son city, 1,050 W. Elkville, p-v., Caldwell co., N. C, 189 w. Raleigh, 396 W. Situated on the n. side of the Yadkin r. Ellejay, p-v., capital of Gilmer co., Ga., 176 N. w. Milledgeville, 632 W. Situated at the confluence of the Ellejay and Cottercay rivers ; and contains a court house, jail, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, an academy, and 300 in- habitants. Ellejay, p-o., Blount co., Tenn., 194 e. by s. Nashville, 514 W. Ellejay r. (See Coosa r.) Ellenburg, p-t., Clinton co., N. Y., 25 n. n. w. Plattsburg, 189 n. Albany, 554 W. The sur- face is hilly, but generally arable. Drained by English r., and other streams which flow into Canada, and by the head waters of Chazy r., which flows hito Lake Champiain. It has 3 stores, cap. $600 ; 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,545. 4 sch. 99 scholars. Pop. 1,171. Ellensville, p-v., Wawarsing t., Ulster co., N. v., 86 .=!. w. Albany, 293 W. Situated on the Delaware and Hudson canal, at the junction of Sand Bar cr. and Good Beerkill cr. It con- tains 2 churches, 6 stores, 1 glass fac, 4 saw m., 1 iron foundry, 1 edge tool fac. There is an old lead mine in the vicinity. Ellerslie, p-v., Susquehanna co., Pa., 194 n. E. by N. Harrisburg, 294 W. Ellerslie, p-v., Harris co., Ga., 108 w. s. w. Milledgeville, 741 W. Eller Y, p-t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 343 w. by S. Albany, 330 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile, sandy, and gravelly loam. Chau- tauque lake bounds it on the ,s. w. Watered by small streams which flow into the lake. The V. contains 1 church, 2 stores, and 15 or 20 dwell- ings. There are in the t., 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,450 ; 12 sch. 710 scholars. Pop. 2,242. Elligott, t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 18 s. e. Mayville, 330 w. Albany. The surface is un- dulating ; soil, sandy anil gravelly loam. Watered by Cassadaga cr. and the outlet of Chautauque lake. It has 14 stores, cap. $83,900 ; 2 furnaces, 2 fulling m., 1 cotton fac, 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly nevi'spaper, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $81,350. 1 acad. 140 students, 12 sch. 521 schol- ars. Pop. 2,571. Ellicott's Mills, p-v., Anne Arundel co., Md., 40 N. w. Annapolis, 45 W. Situated on Pa- tapsco r., 10 s. w. by w. Baltimore. Here are a scattered village, various mills and manufac- tories, and much romantic scenery. Ellicott.sville, p-t., capital of Cattaraugus CO., N. Y., 293 w. by s. Albany, 335 W. The surface is undulating, except a deep valley along Great Valley cr. The soil is sandy or gravelly loam. Drained by Great Valley cr. and its tribu- taries. The V. is situated on Great Valley cr., and contains a court house, jail, county clerk's oflice, 2 churches, 4 stores, 1 saw m., 1 tannery, 80 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. Incor- porated in 1837. There are in the t., 4 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,818. 7 sch. 390 scholars. Pop. 1,084. Ellington, p-t., Tolland co., Ct., 20 n. n. e. Hartford, 356 W. The surface on the e. is broken and hilly, but level on the w. The soil is light and dry, and moderately fertile. The v. contains a Congregational church, a high-school, and about 40 dwellings, many of them neat. There are in the t., 3 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 1 tan- nery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,000 ; 1 acad. 28 students, 9 sch. 366 scholars Pop. 1,356. Ellington, p-t, Chautauque co., N. Y., 25 e. Mayville, 324 w. by s. Albany, 336 W. The surface is tmdulating; soil, sandy and gravelly loam. Drained by Clear creek. It has 4 stores, cap. $13,300; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,500. 9 sch. 576 scholars. Pop. 1,725. Elliot, p-t., York co.. Me., 102 s. s. w. Au- gusta, 498 W. It is bounded s. w. by Salmon Fall r. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,875. 1 acad. 46 students, 7 sch. 522 scholars. Pop. 1,889. Elliottsville, t., Piscataquis co.. Me. It has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 19 scholars. Pop. 60. Elliottsburg, p-o.. Perry co.. Pa., 33 w. Harrisburg, 121 W. Elliott.sville, p-o., Somerset co., Me., 85 n. Augusta, 680 W. Elliottsville, p-o., Knox t., Jefferson co., O., 145 E. by n. Columbus, 279 W. Ellisbijrg, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 169 n. w. Albany, 399 W. Bounded w. by Lake Ontario. The surface is level ; soil, sandy loam, and fer- tile. Drained by the n. and s. branches of Sandy creek, which flow into Lake Ontario, affording fine water power, which has been extensively used. The village is situated on Sandy cr., and contains 1 Presbyterian church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 carding machine and fulling m., 40 dwellings, and 250 inhabitants. There are in the t., 9 stores, cap- ital $25,500 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tan- neries, 3 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 7 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $53,200; 23 sch. 794 scholars. Pop. 5,349. Ellisburg, p-v.. La Grange co., la., 180 n. by E. Indianapolis, 581 W. Ellis Island, N. Y. Situated in the harbor ELM 199 EMB of New York, off tlie mouth of Hudson r. It belongs to the United States, and contains Fort Gibson. Ellisville, p-v., Louisa co., Va., 66 N. w. Richmond, 108 W. Ellisviixe, p-v., capital of Jones co., Miss., 144 s. E. Jackson, 1,022 W. It is situated on the w. side of Tallahala cr., a branch of Pascagoula r It contains a court house and several dwellings, Ellisville, p-v., Fulton co.. III., 75 n. w. Springfield, 827 W. Ellisvili.e, p-v., Monroe co., la., 51 s. s. w. Indianapolis, 623 W. Ellsworth, p-t., capital of Hancock co., Me., 89 E. by N. Augusta, 671 W. Watered by Union r. It has a fertile soil, adapted to grain and to grazing. It has Orphan lake toward the s. w., and a larger between it and Otis on the n. The v. is situated on both sides of Union r., where is a bridge, at the head of tide-water, and is acces- sible by large vessels. It contains a court house and other county buildings. There are in the t., 15 stores, cap. $4,300; 5 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,000. 1 acad. 12 students. 19 sch. 670 scholars. Pop. 2,263, Ellsworth, t., Grafton co., N. H., 52 n. by w. Concord, 20 s. E. Haverhill. The surface is mountainous, and the soil indifferent. Watered by a branch of Pemigewasset r., issuing from a considerable pond. Chartered in 1769. It has 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac, $1,755. 3 sch. 101 scholars. Pop. 300. Ellsworth, p-v,, Sharon t., Litchfield co., Ct., 47 w. Hartford, 330 W. It contains a Con- gregational church and several dwellings. Ellsworth, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 160 n. e. Columbus, 299 W. It has a fertile soil, well adapted to grazing, and is noted for its fine cattle and excellent cheese. It contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Congregational, 1 German Lu- theran, and I Methodist It has 9 sch. 370 schol- ars. Pop, 98S, Ellsworth, p-v., capital of Wright co.. Mo. Situated on w. side of Big Piney Fork of Gas- conade r. Elm Grove, p-o., Jennings co., la., 71 s. s, E. Indianajwlis, 575 W. Elm Grove, p-o., De Soto co., Miss., 214 N. Jackson, 937 W, El.m Grove, p-o.. Clay co., Mo., 12 n. n, w. Liberty, 171 w. n. w. Jefferson city, 1,084 W. Elm Hill, p-o., Rutherford co., Tenn., 71 s. E. Nashville, 673 W. ELMiR.i, p-t., capital of Chemung co., N. Y., 195 w. s. w. Albany, 279 W. The surface is uneven, and the soil in the valleys and flats very productive. Newton's cr. bounds it on the s. w. The v., formerly called Newtown, is situated on the N. side of Chemung r., at the entrance of Newton's cr., where is extensive water power. It contains a court house, jail, county clerk's of- fice, an academy, 4 churches, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and I Methodist, 40 stores, 3 warehouses, 3 flouring m., 3 steam furnaces, 3 plaster m., 1 tannery, and 1 boat yard. The Chemung canal terrainates here, where are 2 extensive basins. 10,000,000 feet of boards and planks are exported annually. A bridge, 700 feet long, crosses the Chemung r. The line of the New York and Erie railroad passes througli the place. There are in the t., 44 stores cap $106,510; 3 lumberyards, cap. $27,500 ; 1 M- ling m., '2 furnaces, 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries 2 printing offices, 2 binderies, 2 weekly newspa- pers, 6 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $128,315. 1 acad. 130 students, 19 sch 1 152 scholars. Fop. 4,791. ' ' Elmira, p-o,, Lucas co., O., 137 n. w. Colum- bus, 468 W, Elmira, p-o., Stark co., 111., 113 n. Springfield, 827 W. Elmore, p-t., Lamoille co., Vt, 20 n. Montpe- lier, 536 W. Chartered in 1781. The surface is uneven and elevated, part of its waters flowing N. into Lamoille r., and part s. into Onion r. The soil is moderately fertile. It has several considerable ponds, and contains iron ore. It has 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,300. 7 sch. 144 scholars. Pop. 476. Elmore, p-o., Talbot co., Ga., 104 w. s. w. Mil- ledgeville, 726 W. Elm Point, p-o., Bond co., 111., 65 s. Spring- field, 767 W. Elsinborough, t., Salem co., N. J., 3 n. e. Salem. The surface is level ; soil, a fertile loam and marsh meadow. Drained by Alloways and Salem creeks. It has 2 sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 526. Elton, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 64 w. Co- lumbia, 550 W. Elyria, p-t., capital of Lorain co., O., 1 16 n. n. E. Columbus, 374 W. The v. is pleasantly situ- ated on a plain between the two branches of Black r., which unite half a mile below the v., and each of which has a perpendicular fall near- ly 40 feet, on the opposite sides of the v., afford- ing extensive water power. The principal street extends from one branch of the r. to the other, and the buildings exhibit much neatness and taste. It contams an elegant court house, which cost $3,000, 2 churches, 1 acad., 10 stores, 1 large flouring m., 4 saw m., 1 carding mach. and cloth- ier's works, 1 forge, 2 furnaces, about 100 dwell- ings, and 800 inliabitants. It is one of the pleas- antest villages in Ohio. There are in the t. 2 acad. 135 students, 6 sch. 233 scholars. Pop. 1,636. Elysburg, p-v., Northumberland co.. Pa., 79 N. Harrisburg, 189 W. Elysville, p-o., Anne Arundel co., Md. Elyton, p-v., capital, Jefferson co., Ala., 54 N K. Tuscaloosa, '764 W. Situated at the head of Catoochee or Valley cr. It contains a court house, and a few dwellings. Emaus, p-v., Salisbury t., Lehigh co.. Pa., 87 e. by N. Harrisburg, 180 W. It is a Moravian v., situated at the foot of South Mountain, is built on one street, and contains 1 store, and 20 or 25 houses. The land of the v. and vicinity, was bequeathed by 2 members, for the support of a clergyman and the promotion of missions. Ema.nuel, county, Ga. Situated centrally toward the e. part of the state, and contains 1,100 sq. ms. The surface is level; .soil, sandy and sterile. Ogeechee r. runs on its n. border. Watered by Cannouchee and Ohoopee rivers and their branches. Capital, Swainsboro. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,324, sheep 1,171, swine 8,632 ; wheat 3,087 bush, produced, Ind. corn 37,129, potatoes 2,772, cotton 72,880 pounds, sugar 2,200 ; 4 stores, cap. $2,700 ; 2 distilleries, 9 grist m., 3 saw m. Pop. whites 2,500, slaves 605, free col'd 24; total, 3,129. Embarras Point, p-o., Edgar co., 111., 104 E. Springfield, 675 W. Embden, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 49 n. n. w. Augusta, 644 W. Situated on the w. side of Kennebec r. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain and to grazing. Incorporated in 1804. Watered by Seven Mile brook, a tributary of the Kenne- bec. It has 18 sch. 462 scholars. Pop. 983, Embden Centre, p-o., Embden t., Somerset CO., Me. 44 N. N. w. Augusta, 644 W. Embreeville, p-o., Chester co.. Pa., 76 E. by s. Harrisburg, 121 W. ENF 199 RPP Emercik's Mills, p-o., York co., Me., 59 s. w. Augusta, 518 W. Emerson's Tan Yard, p-o., Chatham co., N. C, 50 w. Raleigh, 338 W. Emery Iron Works, p-o., Roane co., Term., 150 E. by s. Nashville. Emery, river, Tennessee, a branch of Clinch river. Eminence, p-o., Tazewell co., HI., 67 n. Spring- field, 763 W. Situated near Sugar cr. Emmettsburg, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 80 n. w. Annapolis, 65 W. It contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — an academy, 4 store.s, 1 10 dwellings, and 800 inhabitants. 2 ms. distant from the v., is Mount St. Mary's College, under the direction of the Roman Catholics. It was founded m 1830, has a president, and 17 profes- sors and instructors, 31 students, and 3,500 vols, in its libraries. The commencement is in the last week in June. St. Joseph's Female Insti- tute, half a mile from the v., is conducted by the sisters of charity, and is flourishing. Emoreyville, p-v., Barbour co., Ala., 201 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 847 W. Emmett, t., Calhoun co., Mich. It has 1 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,630. 4 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 647. En DOR, p-o., Will CO., 111., 195 n. e. Spring- field, 712 W. Enfield, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 104 n. e. Augusta, 699 W. Situated on the E. side of Penobscot r. Incorporated in 1835. It has a large pond on its e. border. It contains 4 sch. 169 scholars. Pop. 346. Enfield, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 42 n. w. Concord, 492 W. The surface is diversified, and the soil, in some parts, is fertile. It has several ponds, the outlets of wliich afford water power. It contains a considerable Shakers' settlement, with 1,000 acres of land attached to it, distin- guished for neatness, industry, and mechanical ingenuity. There are in the t., 6 stores, cap. $16,900; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $28,350. 16 sch. 567 scholars. Pop. 1,514. Enfield, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 75 w. by 8. Boston, 387 W. The soil is adapted to gra- zing. Watered by 2 main branches of Swift r., a tributary of Chickapee r., which afford water power. Incorporated in 1814. It has consider- able manufactures. It has 4 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 1 woollen fac., 2 cotton fac. 400 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $44,100. 7 sch. 285 scholars. Pop. 976. Enfield, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 18 n. by e. Hartford, 353 W. Situated on the e. side of Connecticut r., on the n. line of the state. The surface is level ; soil, sandy loam, and generally fertile. A bridge, erected in 1808 across Con- necticut r., the first built across it in the state, connects this place with Suftield. Tlie v. of Thompsonville, 1 m. from the bridge, has an ex- tensive carpet fac, and over 800 inhabitants. There is a Shakers' settlement in this t., who have 1,000 acres of land under high cultivation. It has 8 stores, cap. $15,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 3 tanaeries, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 5 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $260,200. Pop. 2,648. Enfield, p-t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 5 w. Ithaca, 168 w. by s. Albany, 301 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, fertile gravelly loam. Drained by small tributaries of Cayuga inlet, which af- ford water power. The v. contains about 20 dwellings. There are in the t., 10 stores, cap. $100,200 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $1,125 ; 4 fulhng m., 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac $60,810. 17 schools, 861 scholars. Pop. 2,340. Enfield, p-v., Halifax co., N. C, 76 n. e. Ra- leigh, 223 W. Situated on the Wilmmgton and Raleigh railroad, and contains several stores and dwellings. Enfield, p-v.. King William co., Va., 24 n. E. Richmond, 138 W. It contains 2 stores, and various mechanic shops. English Neighborhood, p-v. Ilackensack t., Bergen co., N. J., 8 n. New York. 67 n. k. Trenton, 233 W. It contains 1 Dutch Reformed, and 1 Christian church, 2 stores, and 20 dwell- ings. English Prairie, p-v.. Grant co.. Wis., 87 w. Madison, 919 W. Englishtown, p-v.. Freehold t., Monmouth CO., N. J., 31 E. Trenton, 197 W. Situated on Matchaponix cr., and contains 2 stores, a grist m., and about 30 dwellings. The soil around is light and sandy. Ennisville, p-v., Barre t, Huntingdon co., Pa., 80 w. Harrisburg, 172 W. Situated on Standingstone cr., and contains a store, and 5 or 6 dwellings. Ennoree, r., S. C, a branch of Broad r. Enoch, p-t., Monroe co., O., 105 e. Columbus, 300 W. Pop. 1,134. Enoch Mills, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 45 n. w. Raleigh, 279 W. Enon, p-o., Clark co., O., 50 w. Columbus, 443 W. Enon Valley, p-o., Beaver co., Pa., 243 w. by N. Harrisburg, 269 W. Enosburg, p-t., Franklin co., Vt., 55 n. by w Montpelier, 558 W. The surface is various, and the soil well adapted to grazing. Chartered in 1780. It has a Congregational, a Methodist, and a Baptist church. Watered by Missisque r. and its branches, which afford good water power. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000; 3 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 gri.st m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,760 ; 1 acad. 50 students, 11 sch. 246 scholars. Pop. 2,022. Enosburg Falls, p-v., Eno.sburg t., Franklin CO., Vt., 59 N. by w. Montpelier, 555 W. Enterprise, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 45 e. s. E. Harrisburg, 120 W. Enterprise, p-o., Steuben co., la., 177 n. n. E. Indianapolis, 538 W. Enterprise, p-o., Union parish, La., 318 n. w. New Orieans, 1,208 W. Ephratah, i>-t., Fulton co., N. Y., 53 w. n. w. Albany, 402 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Gaiwa and Zimmer- man's creeks, branches of the Mohawk r. The v. contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 tannery, 35 dwellings, and 200 inhabitants. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $15,000; 3 full- ing m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 26 saw m. Cap. in manufac $3J,380. 8 sch. 587 scholars. Pop. $2,009. Ephratah, p-t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 38 e. by s. Harrisburg, 127 W. The v. contains a store, paper m., and about 20 dwellings. It was foimded by a singular sect from Germany, called l\inkers, or Dunkers. Most of the original peculiarities of the sect have disappeared ; but they are still remarkable for the regularity of their lives, the simplicity of their manners, and the fervor of their devotion. Contention at law, or with arms, they regard as unchristian. It has 4 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,350. 5 sch. 213 scholars. Pop. 2,083. Epping, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H , 30 e. .s. E. Concord, 47'7 W. The soil is generally fertile. ERI 200 ERI Watered by Lamprey r. and North r. It has 8 stores, cap. $20,000; 2 fuHing m., 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 6 saw m., 7 sch. 380 scholars. Pop. 1,235. Epsom, p-t., Merrimac eo., N. H., 12 e. Con- cord, 482 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, fer- tile, adapted to grain or to grazing. Watered by Suncook r. Chartered in 1727. It has 5 stores, cap. $4,350; 2 grist m., 5 saw m., 8 sch. 404 scholars. Pop. 1,205. EauALiTY, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 166 w. s. w. Raleigh, 405 W. EauALiTY, p-o., Anderson dist., S. C, 127 w. N. w. Columbia, 522 W. Equality, p-v., capital of Gallatin co., 111., 187 s. s. E. Springfield, 776 W. Situated on the n. side of Saline cr. It contains a neat brick court house, 40 feet square, 2 stories high, 13 stores of different kinds, various mechanics, and about 80 dwellings. It has salt manufactories in the vicinity. EauAHTV, t., Miller co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 424. Erasmus, p.o., Lincoln co., N. C, 184 w. by s. Raleigh, 423 W. Erie, lake. Situated n. of N. Y., Pa., and O., and constitutes a part of the boundary between the United Slates and Canada. It is 240 miles long, and 60 broad, in its widest part. It receives the waters of Superior, Michigan, and Huron lakes, through Detroit r., and discharges its waters through iS'iagara r. into Lake Ontario. Its surface is elevated 565 feet above tide water in the Hud- son r. at Albany. The greatest depth which has been obtained by sounding is 270 feet. Toward the shores it is shallow, and its navigation is, for a considerable time in the winter, prevented by its being frozen. The business done on this lake is immense, and increasing. More than 50 steam- boats, and about 300 sloops, schooners, and ships navigate it, and find abundant employment. A battle was fought near its w. end Sept. 10th, 1813, between the American fleet, imder Com- modore Perry, and the English fleet, in which the latter was captured. Erie, county, N. Y. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 876 sq. ms. The sur- face is level or undulating toward the n., and hilly toward the s. Lake Erie and Niagara river bound it on the w. Cattaraugus cr. runs on its s. boundary. Drained by Buffalo, Cayuga, Caze- nove, Seneca, Ellicott's, Cauquaga, and Tone- wanda creeks. The Erie canal passes through the CO., and communicates wath Lake Erie by means of an extensive basin, formed by the pier at Black Rock. A railroad extends from Buffalo to Niagara Falls. Capital, Buffalo. There were in 1840, neat cattle 39,734, sheep 81,442, swine 37,208 ; wheat 207,492 bush, produced, rye 5,539, Indian corn 179,057, buckwheat 19,593, barley 13,966,oats 424,489, potatoes 556,382, sugar 334,040 pounds ; 23 commission houses in foreign trade, cap. $94,000; 317 stores, cap. $926,875, 6 lum- ber yards, cap. $14,500 ; 4 furnaces, 22 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 26 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 10 breweries, 7 potteries, 9 flouring m., 44 grist in., 13o saw m., 2 oil m., 10 printing offices, 5 bind- eries, 6 periodicals, 5 daily, 4 weekly, 1 semi- weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $1,142 470 ^acad. 156 students, 275 sch. 11,432 scholars' Pop. 1830,35,710; 1840,62,465. ''^^"O'ars. Erie, county. Pa Situated in the n. w. part ot the state, bounded n. w. on Lake Erie and contau.s WO sq. ms. The surface is undulating • soil, sandy loam, gravel, and clay, particularly adanted to grass. Watered by Conneaut, Elk, Walnut, and other creeks, which flow into Lake Erie, and French cr., which flows s.into the Alle- ghany r. Capital, Erie. There were in 1810, neat cattle 31,805, sheep 47,971, swine 21,665; wheat 173,094 bush, produced, rye 6,550, Indian com 197,825, buckwheat 31,884, barley 10,456, oats 242,749, potatoes 334,871, hops 3,874 pounds, sugar 254,241 ; 4 commission houses, cap. $6,000 ; 67 stores, cap. $277,600 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $1,200; 1 furnace, 15 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 18 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 2 breweries, 1 flouring m., 36 grist m., 1 18 saw m., 2 paper fac, 3 print- ing offices, 1 bindery, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $152,490. 4 acad. 165 students, 226 sch. 8,319 scholars. Pop. 1830, 17,027 ; 1840, 31,344. Erie, county, O. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 150 sq. ms. Lake Erie and Sandusky bay form its n. boundary. The surface is generally level, and the soil fertile. Drained by Huron and Vermillion rivers. Cap- ital, Huron. There were in 1840, nea£ cattle 7,155, sheep 18,853, swine 10,866; wheat 94,112 bush, produced, rye 1,582, Ind. com 79,877, buck- wheat 3,958, barley 2,495, oats 64,567, potatoes 71,687, sugar 300 pounds ; 11 commission houses, cap. $70,000; 47 stores, cap. $80,500 ; 2 furnaces, 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 4 grist m., 9 saw m., 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $60,400. 60 sch. 2,955 scholars. Pop. 12,599. Erie, p- borough, port of entry, and capital of Erie co.. Pa., 270 n. w. Harrisburg, 343 W. It is beautifully situated on Presque Isle bay, of Lake Erie, contains 1 mile square, and has one of the best harbors on the lake. The depth of water on the bar is 8 or 10 feet, and within much more. It contains a court house, jail, printing office, 7 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Associate Reformed, 1 German Lutheran, and 1 Roman Catholic — 1 academy, 1 female seminary, 1 bank, 33 whole- sale and retail stores, 6 forwarding and commis- sion warehouses, 2 flouring m., 2 iron foundries, and 3,412 inhabitants. Perry's fleet, in the last war, was fitted up in this harbor, then well de- fended by a fort, and the remains of it are now found here. Visiters are weekly cutting pieces from the Lawrence, Perry's flag ship, which lies here, partly out of water, and much decayed. There are in the b. 45 stores, cap. $21 1,600 ; 4 commission houses, cap. $6,000 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. .$1,200 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 printing offices, 1 bindery, 4 weekly new.spapers, 2 gi-ist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,2t)0. 3 acad. 102 students, 8 sch. 452 scholars. Pop. 3,412. Erie, p-v., Greene co., Ala., 48 s. by w. Tus- caloosa, 865 W. Situated on the e. side of Black Warrior or Tuscaloosa r. It contains several stores and dwellings. Erie, t., Ottawa co., O., 16 n. Lower Sandusky. Situated on the n. side of Portage r., near its en- trance into Lake Erie. Originally settled by the French from Canada, whose descendants are still found here. Organized in 1803. Pop. 200. Erie, p-t., Monroe co., Mich., 47 s. w. Detroit, 476 W. The soil is fertile, and well adapted to grain and to grazing. Watered by Vance r. and Bay cr. It contains a good stone quarry. It has 3 sch. 83 scholars. Pop. 852. Erieville, p-v.. Nelson t., Madison co., N. Y., 110 w. by N. Albany, 357 W. It contains 1 church, 1 store, 40 dwellings, and about 250 in- habitants. Erin, p-t., Chemung co., N. Y., 8 E. Elmira, 195 w. by s. Albany, 291 W. The surface is hilly and broken; soil, gravelly loam, and not very fertile. Drained by Cayuta cr. It has 7 sch. 253 scholars. Pop. 1,441. ESS 201 ESS Erin, p-o., Meriwether co., Ga., 88 w. Mil- ledgeviUe, 708 VV. Errol, p-t., Coos CO., N. H., 155 n. by e. Con- cord, 616 W. Umbagog lake lies partly in this t., and bounds it on the w. Watered by Andros- coggin r., which flows from this lake, and Mogal- loway r., its tributary. Chartered in 1774. It has 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 104. Erving, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 79 w. by n. Boston, 412 W. Miller's r. runs on its s. border, and Connecticut r. on its w. Its streams afford good water power. Incorporated in 1838. It has considerable manufactures. It has 4 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 309. Erwin, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 217 w. by s. Albany, 282 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay loam. Drained by Conhocton and Tioga rivers, which here unite to form Chemung r. It has 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fulUng m., 1 tannery, 1 grist ra., 14 saw m. Cap. in raanufac, $10,005. 6 sch. 227 scholars. Pop. 785. Erwin Centre, po., Erwin t., Steuben co., N. Y., 225 w. by s. Albany, 274 VV. Erwinna, p-v., Bucks co.. Pa., 123 e. Harris- burg, 187 W. Situated on Delaware r., 37 n. Philadelphia. Erwinsville, p-v., Cleveland co., N. C, 201 w. by s. Raleigh, 438 W. Erwinton, p-o., Barnwell dist., S. C, 137 s. Columbia, 633 W. Esca.mbia, r., Flor. and Ala., rises in Monroe CO., Ala., and receives Conecuh r., larger than itself, and flows into a branch of Peiisacola bay. Escambia, county, Flor. Situated in its ex- treme w. part, bounded s. by the Gulf of Mexico, and contains 600 sq. ms. The surface near the gidf shore is level, but rises to some elevation in the interior. The soil is generally poor, covered with pine. Perdido r. flows on its w. boundary, and Escambia r. on the e. Pensacola bay fur- nishes an important harbor. Capital, Pensacola. There were in 1840, neat cattle, 10,173, sheep 485, swine 2,674 ; Ind. corn 7,657 bush, produced, potatoes 6,551 ; 48 stores, cap. $221,800 ; 5 lum- ber yards, cap. $29,500 ; 10 grist m., 27 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $284,140. 2 acad. 100 students, 13 sch. 213 scholars. Pop. whites 2,330, slaves 1,356, free col'd 307 ; total, 3,993. Esmond's Corners, p-o., Calhoun co., Mich., 125 w. Detroit, 538 W. Esopus, p-t., Ulster co., N. Y., 7 s. Kingston, 66 s. by VV. Albany, 307 W. The surface is un- even and broken ; soil, sandy clay and gravelly loam. Watered by Hudson r., on its E. border, and by Walkill and Rondout rivers on the w. border. The v., 2 miles w. of the landing on Hudson's r., contains 1 chiu-ch, 1 store, and 20 dwellings. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $15,000; 1 cotton fac. 2,136 sp., 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $36,019. 7 sch. 418 scholars. Pop. 1,939. EspERANCE, p-v., Schoharie t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 29 w. Albany, 396 W. Incorporated in 1818. It contains 1 Presbyterian church, 4 stores, 1 paper m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 75 dwellings, and about 450 inhabitants. Espv, p-v., Columbia co.. Pa., 87 n. by e. Harrisburg, 197 W. Situated on the w. bank of Susquehanna r., and contains 2 stores and about 20 dv^ellings. Espyville, p-v., Crawford co., Pa., 255 N. w. by w. Harrisburg, 313 W. Essex, county, Vt. Situated in the n. e. cor- ner of the state, and contains 225 sq. ms. The surface is rough, and the soil generally poor, ex- cepting on Connecticut r., which bounds it on the 20 e. Watered by Nulhegan and Moose rivers and their branches, and Paul's stream. In the N. are the head waters of the St. Francis r., which flows N. into the St. Lawrence. In the w., Clyde r. flows into Lake Memphrcmagog. Capital, Guild- hall. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,837, sheep 14,188, swine 3,639 ; wheat 11,161 bushels produced, rye 1,537, Ind. corn 6,709, buckwheat 15,070, barley 2,223, oats 46,485, potatoes 235,180, hops 5,959 pounds, sugar 99,385 ; 7 stores, cap. $12,500 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 24 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $10,400. 2 acad. 101 students, 49 sch. 1,345 scholars. Pop. 4,226. Essex, county, Mass. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 360 sq. ms. It is bounded e. by the Atlantic, and n. by N. Hamp- shire. Orgaiiized in 1643. The surface is une- ven and rough, but the soil is in many parts good. It has an extensive sea coast, good harbors, ex- tensive commerce, and great wealth. Watered by Merrimac and Shawsheen rivers. Capitals, Salem, Newburyport, and Ipswich. There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,271, sheep 6,900, swine 12,047 ; wheat 3,281 bush, produced, rye 19,309, Ind. corn 166,861, buckwheat 3,268, barley 28,014, oats 61,882, potatoes 437,790 ; 70 houses in for. trade, cap. $908,500 ; 495 stores, cap. $1,298,455 ; 20 lumber yards, cap. $110,800 ; invested in fish- eries, $1,116,795 ; 1 furnace, 38 fulling m., 15 woollen fac, 9 cotton fac. 25,452 sp., 77 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 5 potteries, 2 tlouring m., 51 grist m., 39 saw m., 2 paper fac, 13 printing offices, 7 bind- eries, 1 daily, 11 weekly, 4 semi- weekly news- papers. Cap. in manufac. $5,673,700. 1 college, 125 students, 44 acad. 2,109 students, 368 sch. 19,269 scholars. Pop. 94,987. Es.sex, county, N. Y. Situated toward the n. e. part of the state, and contauis 1,779 sq. miles. The surface is hilly on the e., and rises to lofty mountains on the w. Lake Champlain lies on its K. border, along which is some good land. It is a vast depository of iron ore, and other mineral treasures. Vast quantities of magnetic iron ore exist. Mount Marcy, in this county, is 5,467 feet above the level of the ocean. Capital, Elizabeth- town. There were in 1840, neat cattle 22,017, sheep 79,835, swine 14,658 ; wheat 60,444 bush, produced, rye 29,121, Ind. corn 78,662, buckwheat 25,610, barley 3,158, oats 170,390, potatoes 470,235, sugar 113,357 pounds ; 76 stores, cap. .$221,800; 7 furnaces, 48 bloomeries, forges, &c., employing a cap. of $199,300 ; 19 fulling m., 7 woollen fac, 14 tanneries, 5 tlouring m., 25 grist m., 266 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $592,320. 7 acad. 395 students, 141 sell. 5,636 scholars. Pop. 23,634. Essex, county, N. J. Situated toward the N. E. part of the state, and contains 211 sq. miles. Two mountain chains pass through it. Drained by Passaic r. and its branches, and Rahway r., and some others. The soil is generally red shale. It has good water power, and extensive manufac- tures. Capital, Newark. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,522, sheep 5,465, swine 8,475 ; wheat 34,692 bush, produced, rye 34,244, Indian corn 225,314, buckwheat 39,588, barley 745, oats 181,261, potatoes 178,193 ; 2 commercial and 2 commission houses in for. trade, capital $15,000; 203 stores, cap. $524,6.50 ; 10 lumber yards, , p-v., Rockingham co., Va., 135 N. w. Richmond, 177 W. Fairfield, v., Rockbridge co., Va., 23 s. s. w. Stanton. It contains a cliurch, free to all de- nominations, and about 2Jdwenings. Fairfield, p-v., Bedford co., Tenn., 50 s. by E. Nashville. Fairfield, p-v., Pickens co., Ala., 56 w. Tus- caloosa, 873 W. Fairfield, p-v., Frankhn co., la., 73 e. by s. Indianapolis, 515 W. Fairfield, p-v., and capital of Wayne co., El., 145 s. E. Springfield, 751 W. Situated on the border of Margrave's prairie. It has a handsome brick court house, 3 or 4 stores, and aljout 30 dwellings. Large quantities of castor oil are manufactured here. Fairfield, p-v., Benton co., Mo., 90 s. w. Jef- ferson city, 1,026 W. Fairfield, t., Lenawee co., 3Iich. It is a flourishing agricultural t., and has 1 saw m., 6 sch. 169 schools. Pop. 837. Fairfield, p-o., Jeflferson co., Iowa. Fairfield, p-v., Walworth co.. Wis., 66 s. E. aiadison, 810 W. Fairfield Cor.ners, p-v., Fairfield t., Somerset CO., Me., 28 N. Augusta, 623 W. Fair Garde.n, p-o., Sevier co., Tenn., 224 E. Nashville, 484 W. Fair Grove, p-o., Davidson co., N. C, 96 vv. Raleigh, 326 W. Fair Grove, p-o., Morgan co., la. Fair Haven, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 79 s. w. Montpelier, 451 W. Watered by Castleton and Poultney rivers, which unite 3 ms. before enter- ing E. Bay in Lake Champlain. The soil, par- ticularly along the streams, is fertile. On Castle- ton r. are falLs, which afford good water power. Chartered in 1779. It has 2 stores, 4 forges, 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, I grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,600. 4 sch. 209 scholars. Pop. 633. Fair Haven, p-t., Bristol co., Ms., 59 s. by E. Boston, 436 W. It is situated opposite to New Bedford, across Acushnett r., over which is a bridge 3,960 feet long. Incorporated in 1812. The v. contains 3 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Congre- gational, and 1 Methodist — a bank and an insur- ance office. It has considerable shipping, much of which is employed in the whale fishery. There are in the t. 31 stores, cap. $50,150; 1 lumber yard, cap. $15,(X)0 ; 2 woollen fac, 2 cot- ton fac. 1,760 sp., 1 acad. 40 students, 22 sch. 1,193 scholars. Pop. 3,951. Fair Haven, p-v.. New Haven and East Haven ts.. New Haven co., Ct., 33 s. Hartford, 302 W. Situated on both sides of Quinnipiac r., over which is a bridge, 2 e. New Haven C. II. It contains 2 churche.s — 1 Congregational and 1 Methodist — a flourishing academy, and about 1,000 inhabitants. It has been built up chiefly by the oyster trade, of which it exports great quantities in the winter season. Fair Haven, p-v., Israel t., Preble co., O., 112 w. by s. Columbus, 505 W. It contains I store, 30 dwellings, and about 1.50 inhabitants. There are in the vicinity a splendid Presbyterian church, and a steam saw m. Fair Haven, p-v., Clinton co., Iowa. Fairhaven Furnace, p-o., Humphreys co., Tenn., 70 w. Nashville, 754 W. Fair Hill, po., Marshall co., Va., 354 n. w. Richmond, 261 W. Fairlee, p-t.. Orange co., Vt., 38 s. e. Mont- pelier, 506 W. The surface is rough and moun- tainous, and much of it is imfit for cultivation. A bridge across Connecticut r. connects it -with Ox- ford, N. H. Chartered in 1761. The timber is I mostly pine and hemlock. It has 2 stores, cap. FAI 206 FAL gl,0;>{»; 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manulac. §1,175. 6 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 644. Faikmont, p-t, Luzerne co., Pa. It has 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,750. 3 sch. 112 schol- ars. Pop. 594. The post-office is called Fair- mont Springs. Fairplav, p-c, Pickens dist., S. C, 151 w. n. w. Columbia, 566 W. Fairplay, p-o., Morgan co., Ga., 51 n. w. Mil- ledgeville, 635 W. Fairplay, p-v., Greene co., la., 77 s. w. In- dianapohs, 644 W. Situated on the w. side of While r., and has 1 store, a steam mill, and 10 or 12 dwellings. Fairplay, p-o.. Grant co., Wis., 102 w. Madi- son, S92 W. Fair Pleasant, p-o., Monroe co., O. Fairport, p-v., Elmira t., Chemung co., N. Y., 192 s, w. Albany, 285 W. Situated on the Che- mung canal, at the junction of the feeder, 6 ms above Elmira. It contains 1 Pre.sbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 8 stores, 6 warehouses, 1 grist m., 2 tarmeries, 90 dwellings, and about 500 in- habitants. Fairport, p-v., Painsville t,, Lake co., O., 178 N. E. Columbus, 352 W. Situated on tlie e. bank of Grand r., at its mouth. It has a good harbor for lake vessels, and is connected, 3 ms. by a railroad, with PainesvUle, of which it is the port. It has considerable business, and has a city charter, though it is not a large village. Fairport, t., Ashtabula co., O. It has 5 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 641. Fairton, p-v., Fairfield t., Cumberland co., N. J., 71 s. by w. Trenton, 182 W. Situated at the junction of Mill cr. and Riittlesnake rmi, which flow into Cohansey cr. It contains a Methodist, and near it a Presbyterian church, 2 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 240 inhabitants. A bed of marl is found here, which adds to the fertility of the land. Fairview, p-o., Farmersville t., Cattaraugus CO., N. Y., 270 w. Albany, 337 W. Fairview, p-t., Erie co., Pa., 267 N. W. Har- risburg,^ 342 W. Bounded on the n. by Lake Erie. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Watered by Walnut and Elk creeks. The v. is situated at the mouth of Walnut cr., on Lake Erie. There are in the t., 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 paper fac, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $17,000. 10 sch. 278 scholars. Pop. 1,'481. Fairview, t., York co.. Pa., 17 n. w. York. Surface, partly hilly ; soil, calcareous loam and gravel. Watered by Yellow Breeches, Fisliing, and Newberry creeks. It has 2 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufec. $51,900. 12 sch. 370 scholars. Pop. 1,993. Fairview, p-v., Brooke co., Va., 354 n. w. Richmond, 267 W. Situated 2 miles E. of Ohio r., and 4 w. Pa. line. It contains 2 Presbyterian churches, 2 .stores ,2 tanneries, various mechanics, 4 flouring m., and about 200 uihabitants. It is also called New Manchester. Fairview, p-v.. Buncombe co., N. C. 245 w. Raleigh, 482 W. Fairview, p-v., Greenville dist., S. C. 88 N. w. Columbia, 514 W. Fairview, p-v., Oxford t., Guernsey co., O., 95 K. Columbus, 298 W. ■* ' ' Fairview, p-v Fulton county. 111., 83 n. w. Springfield, 809 W. Fairview, p-o., Pontotoc co., Miss., 187 n n K. Jackson, 839 W. Fairview, p-o., Pettis co.. Mo., 80 w. Jeffer- son city. 1,016 W. Fairville, p-v., Arcadia t., Wayne co., N. Y., 192 w. Albany, 363 W. It contains 1 x>Iethodist church, 2 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. Faisox's Depot, p-o., Duplin co., N. C, 70 s. E. Raleigh, 300 W. It is situated on the Raleigh and Wilmington railroad. Falkland, p-o., Pitt co., N. C, 91 e. Raleigh, 277 W. Fall Branch, p-o., Washington co., Tenn., 274 E. Nashville, 414 W. Falley's Cross Roads, p-o., Hampden co., Mass., 109 w. s. w. Boston, 376 W. Falling Bridge, p-o., Campbell co., Va., 102 w. s. w. Richmond, 202 W. Falling Creek, p-o., Wayne co., N. C, 61 s. E. Raleigh, 291 W. Falling Spring, p-o., Greenbrier co., Va., 232 w. Richmond, 267 W. Falling Waters, p-o., Berkeley co., Va., 178 N. Richmond, 80 W. Situated on the bank of the Potomac, at a singular bend in the r. It con- tains 1 flouring m., and, in the vicinity, 1 Presby- terian and 2 3Iethodist churches. Fallowfield, Crawford co.. Pa. The sur- face is hilly ; soil, gravelly. It has 14 stores, cap. $29,700 ; 1 fuUmg m., 2 distilleries, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,305. Pop. 1,673. Fall River, p-t., port of entry, Bristol co., Mass., 51 s. Boston, 418 W. Situated on both sides of Fall r., at its entrance into Mount Hope bay, a branch of Narraganset bay. Fall river consists of the outlet of Watuppa pond, which is 11 miles long and 1 broad, 2 miles e. of the town, and is an unfailing stream. It falls 140 feet within 100 rods, and affords a splendid water power. The v. contains 8 churches — 1 Congre- gational, 1 Episcopal, 1 Christian, 1 Baptist, 1 Friends, 1 Methodist, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Roman Catholic — 2 banks and an insurance office. It has considerable shipping employed in the whale fishery. There are in the t. 58 stores, capital $105,000; 4 lumber yards, cap. $15,000; 1 fur- nace, 1 large iron works, 2 print works, 6 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 9 cotton fac. 32,680 sp., 2 tan- neries, 1 pottery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 3 grist m., 4 saw ra. Cap. in manuf. $1,436,300. 22 sch. 1,020 scholars. Pop. 6,738. Fall Run, p-o., Harrison co., Va., 248 n. w. Richmond, 234 W. Falls, p-t., Wyoming co.. Pa., 153 s. e. Har- risburg, 257 W. It is situated on the E. side of the Susquehanna r. The surface is uneven, and in part mountainous. The soil is productive in grain, grass, and lumber. Watered by Butter- milk Falls c, which has a perpendicular fall of 30 feet. It has 5 stores, cap. $18,400 ; 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,900. 8 sch. 295 scholars. Pop. 2,108. Falls, t., Bucks co.. Pa., 25 n. e. Philadelphia. It derives its name from the falls of the Dela- ware r., opposite to Trenton. The surface is roll- ing ; soil, loam and sand. Watered by Penn's and Scott's creeks. A bridge connects this place with Trenton. It has 4 stores, capital $13,500; 1 flouring m., 2 grist m. Cap. m manu- fac. $10,000. 5 sch. 172 scholars. Pop. 2,058. Falls, t., Hocking co., O. It contains the v. of Logan, the capital of the co. It has 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 1,625. Falls, p-o, Lincoln co., N. C, 191 w. by s. Raleigh, 42S W. Fallshurgh, p-t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 197 s. w. Albany, 304 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Neversink r., and head branches of Roundout cr. The v. is situ- ated on Neversink r., which here affords good water power. It has 2 stores, 1 tannery, 1 grist FAN 207 FAR m., 3 saw in., 20 dwellings, and about 125 in- habitants. There are in the t., 6 stores, cap. $35,400 ; 3 tanneries, 4 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $125,391. 13 sch. 359 scholars. Pop. 1,782. Fallsburg, p-t.. Licking co., O., 65 n. e. Columbus, 363 W. Situated in the n. e. corner of the county. Pop. 910. Falls of Schuylkill, p-o., Philadelphia co., Pa., 101 E. by s. Harrisburg, 142 W. Falls of St. Croix, p-o., St. Croix co.. Wis. Fallston, p-t., Beaver co., Pa., 229 w. by n. Harrisburg, 255 W. Situated on the w. bank of Big Beaver r., wliich affords good water power. It has a Friends church and an academy. In- corporated in 1829. It has 4 stores, cap. $17,300 ; 1 furnace, 2 scythe fac, 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. inmanufac. $11,925. lsch.40sck. Pop. 565. Fallstown, p-v., Iredell co., N. C, 151 vv. Raleigh, 388 W. Falls Village, p-v., Canaan t., Litchfield co., Ct., 45 w. N. w. Hartford, 337 W. Situated on the E. side of the Housatonic r., a little below the Great Falls. It contains a forge and an anchor shop. Falmouth, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 6 n. Portland, 45 s. w. Augusta, 550 W. Watered by Presumscut river. The soil is generally fer- tile. Incorporated in 1718, and included, with the city of Portland, in Falmouth. It has a con- siderable number of vessels employed in the coasting and fishing trade. It has 7 stores, cap. $2,250 ; 1 tannery, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$2,281. 1 acad. 54 students, 18 sch. 647 scholars. Pop 2,589. Falmouth, p-t., Barnstable co., Mass., 75 s. by E. Boston, 465 W. It is situated on the s. w. point of Cape Cod, between Buzzard's bay and Vineyard sound. The soil is light, but the most fertile on the cape. It has several good harbors, of which the best is Wood's Hole, iu the s. w. part of the t., which has from 3 to 6 fothoms of water. Two small streams in the t. afford water power. It has some manufactures, but more shipping, much of which is employed in the coasting trade and the fisheries. There were in 1840, 38,180 bush, of salt produced, and $150,000 invested in the fisheries ; 16 stores, cap. $29,500 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $2,500; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 5 grist m. Cap. in man- ufac. $39,150 ; 1 acad. 20 students, 13 sch. 837 scholars. Pop. 2,071. Falmouth, p-v., Donegal t, Lancaster co.. Pa., 15 s. E. Harrisburg, 117 W. Situated on the Susquehanna r., at the junction of Conewago cr., opposite to York Haven. It contains 20 dwell- ings and about 125 inhabitants. Falmouth, p-v., Stafford co., Va., 64 N. Rich- mond, 55 W. Situated on tiie n. side of Rap- pahannock r., at the foot of the Falls, nearly op- po.site to Fredericksburg. A bridge here crosses the Rappahannock river. It contains 1 church, free to all denominations, 13 stores, 3 flouring m., producing 30,(X)0 barrels annually, 3 grist m., various mechanic shops, 80 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. Falmouth, p-v., capital of Pendleton co., Ky., 40 s. s. E. Cincinnati, 60 n. e. Frankfort, 514 W. Situated at the junction of a main s. w. branch with Licking r. It contains a court house and several stores and dwellings. Fancy Farm, p-o., Franklin co.. III., 170 s. by E. Springfield, 801 W. Fancy Hill, p-o., Rockbridge co., Va., 164 w. by N. Riclimond, 206 W It contains 1 store and several dwellings. Fancy Hill, p o., Iredell co., N. C, 151 w. Raleigh, 388 W. Fannet, t., Franklin ro.. Pa., 16 n. Chambers- burg. The surface is mountainous; soil, cal- careous loam and slate. Watered by Tuscarora cr. It has Tuscarora Mountain on its w. border. It has 5 stores, cap. $10,100 ; 2 tanneries, 6 grist m., 8 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $8,300. 8 sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 1,858. Fannettsburg, p-v.. Metal t., Franklin co., Pa., 59 s. by w. Harrisburg, 107 W. Situated on the w. branch of Conecocheague cr. It contains about 25 dwellings. Farley, p-o., Culpepper, co., Va., 107 n. by w. Richmond, 91 W. Farlow's Grove, p-o., Mercer co., 111., 148 n. w. Springfield, 878 W. Farm Hill, Poinsett co.. Ark. Farmer, p-o., (in Farmersville v.,) Seneca co., N. Y., 180 w. Albany, 313 W. The v. is on ele- vated ground, and contains 2 churches, 5 stores, 70 dwellings, and about 450 inhabitants. Farmer, t., Williams co., O. It has 2 sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 281. Farmers, p-o., Meriwether co., Ga., 107 w. Milledgeville, 726 W. Farmers Crf.ek, p-o., Lapeer co., Mich., 54 N. Detroit, 577 W. Farmers Grove, p-o., Southampton co., Va., 58 s. by E. Richmond, 177 W. Farmers Mills, p-o., Kent t., Putnam co. N. Y. Farmers Valley, p-o., McKean co.. Pa. Farmersville, j>-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 279 w. by s. Albany, 332 W. Situated on ele- vated ground, dividing the waters which flow n into Lake Erie, e. into Genesee r., and s. into Alleghany r. The v. contains 2 churches, 1 store, 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. There are in the t., 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 2 tan- neries, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,700. 12 sch. 446 scholars. Pop. 1,294. Farmersville, p-o., Susquehanna co., Pa., 166 N. by E. Harrisburg, 273 W. Far.mersville, p-o., Montgomery co., O., 86 w. Columbus, 479 W. Farmersville, p-o., Lowndes co., Ala., 114s. e. Tuscaloosa, 875 W. Farmersville, p-v., capital of Union parish, La., 333 N. w. New Orleans, 1,223 W. Situated on the N. side of the Bayou D'Arbonne. It con- tains a court house and several dwellings. Farmingham, p-o., Barre t., Orleans co., N. Y., 250 w. by n. Albany, 3J4 W. Farmington, p-t., and capital of Franklin co., Me., 32 N. w. Augusta, 621 W. The v. is situ- ated at the junction of Sandy and Little Nor- ridgewock rivers, which afford good water power. The t. was incorporated in 1794, and has a good soil, well adapted to the production of wheat. It has 19 stores, cap. $47,725 , 1 fulling m., 4 tan- neries, 2 potteries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly new.spaper, 5 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $20,403. 19 sch. 758 scholars. Pop. 2,613. P'armington, p-t., Straffijrd co., N. H., 38 e. .\. E. Concord, 513 W. Incorporated in 1798. Watered by Cocheco r. The surface is uneven and mountainous. Near the v. is a rock v^eigh- ing 60 or 80 tons, so balanced as to be slightly moveable by the hand. It has 5 stores, cap. $8,700 ; 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. m manufac. $.5,850. 17 sch. 428 scholars. Pop. 1,380. Far.mington, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 9 w. by s, Hartford, 331 W. The soil on Farmington r., which waters it, is excellent, and the t. is rich in its agricultural products, though much of the soil is light and sandy. Incorporated in 1645. It is FAR 208 FAY situated between 2 mountain ridges, running n. N. E. and s. s. w. The v. is situated on an ele- vated plain, at the base of the e. range, and lies chiefly on one extended street, containing a Con- gregational and Methodist church, a flourishing academy, and about 100 dwellings, many of them elegant. The t. has a school fund of $10,000, besides what it receives from the state fund. The Farmington canal, extending from New Haven to Northampton, Mass., passes through it. Tliere are in the t., 8 stores, cap. $37,000 ; 1 paper fac, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. Ill manufac. $39,500. 11 sch. 558 scholars. Pop. 2,041. Farmington, p-t., Ontario co., N. Y., 205 w. Albany, 351 W. The surface is level ; soil, generally stiff clay, difficult of cultivation, but productive. Drained by Mud cr., which enters Canandaigua outlet, and affords water power. The Auburn and Rochester railroad passes through the s. w. corner of the t. Large tracts of water limestone are found here. It has 2 Btores, cap. $8,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $69,427. 1 acad. 40 students, 16 sch. 740 scholars. Pop. 2,122. Farmi.\gto.v, t., Venango co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 furnace, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,300. 1 sch. 18 schol- ars. Pop. 799. Farmington, p-o., Fayette co., Pa. Farmington, t., Tioga co.. Pa. It has 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,700. 4 sch. 8 1 scholars. Pop. 503. Farmington, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 166 n. e. Columbus, 317 W. It lies on the head waters of Grand r. It has 1 acad. 179 students, 10 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 1,172. Farmington, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 20 n. w. Detroit, 542 W. Watered by the N. branch of Rouge r., and Power's cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $16,350 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $13,400. 18 sch. 471 scholars. Pop. 1,684. Farmington, p-v., capital of Van Buren co., Iowa. It is pleasantly located, and surrounded by a fine agricultural country, which abounds with iron ore, coal, and building stone. Farmington, p-v., Davie co., N. C, 133 w. Raleigh, 344 W. Farmington, p-v . Marshall co., Tenn., 54 s. Nashville, 698 W. It is on a branch of Duck r., and has 1 Cumberland Presbyterian church, and 100 inhabitants. Farmington, p-v., Clarke co., Ga., 62 n. by w. Milledgeville, 620 W. Farmington, p-v., Fulton co., 111., 78 n. w. Springfield, 809 W. It is in the N. E. corner of the county, and is surrounded by a rich, rolling prairie. Farmington, p-o., Tishemingo co., Miss., 248 E. N. E. Jackson, 845 W. Farmington, p-v., capital of St. Francis co.. Mo. 139 s. E. Jefferson city, 901 W. It is on the head waters of Big River, and contains a court house, jail, 6 stores, 3 churches— 1 Baptist, 1 Itoman ( atholic, and 1 Methodist— 2 schools, and 250 inhabitants. Farmingto.n Falls, p-v., Farmington t., Frankhn co.. Me,, 27 n. w. Augusta, 618 w! bituatcd on Sandy r., 5 ms. above Farmington v., and contams a flourishing academy Farmville, p-v., Prince Edward co Va 70 >y. s. w Richmond, 160 W. Situated on the s. side of Appomattox r. Incorporated in 1832 It has 2 churches-l Presbyterian and 1 Methodist —^ large tobacco warehouses, and 5 tobacco fac- tories, employing 250 persons, various mechanic shops, and about 900 inhabitants. Batteaux navigate the r., to Petersbui-g, at all seasons of the year. Farnham, p-o., Richmond co., Va., 69 s. E. Richmond, 128 W. Farnumsville, p-v., Northbridge t, Worces- ter CO., Mass., 39 w. s. w. Boston, 496 W. Farrandsville, p-v., Clinton co.. Pa., 115 n. w. Harrisburg, 207 W. Situated on the n. side of the w. branch of the Susquehanna r. It con- tains several stores and dwellings. Farrell Place, p-o., Clinton co., N. Y., 174 N. Albany, 549 W. Far Rockaway, v., Hempstead t,., Queens CO., N. Y. Situated on a peninsula, between Ja- maica bay and the Atlantic, and contains 1 Meth- odist church and about 25 dwellings. One mile w. is the Marine Pavilion and Rock Hall, two splendid boarding houses. The former, near the beach, is one of the most fashionable watering places in the vicinity of New York. Farrowsville,p-o., Fauquier co., Va., 127 n. Richmond, 70 W. Far View, p-o., Warren co., Ky., 137 s. w. Frankfort, 661 W. Far West, p-o., Johnson co., la., 15 s. Indian- apolis, 586 W. Far West, p-v., capital of Caldwell co.. Mo., 169 N. w. Jefferson city, 1,072 W. It is 1 mile s. of Shoal cr., and 30 n. of the Missouri r. Pop. 500. This place was originally settled by the Mormons, who were driven hence by force, by the state authorities. Farensdale, p-o., Marengo co., Ala. FAuauiER, county, Va., situated toward the n. e. part of the state, and contains 720 square ms. Drained by head branches of the Rappahannock and the Ocoquan rivers. The surface is pleas- antly diversified, and the soil moderately produc- tive. Capital, Warrenton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 26,184, sheep 35,055, swine 36,573; wheat 362,227 bush, produced, rye 34,576, Ind. corn 670,275, buckwheat 6,45 4, oats 305,661, pota- toes 56,650, hops 626 pounds, tobacco 54,478, silk cocoons 74 ; 52 stores, cap. $381,100 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 19 tanneries, 14 distilleries, 24 flouring m., 76 grist m., 45 saw m., 2 printing of- fices, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $126,384. 9 acad. 313 students, 40 sch. 1,208 scholars. Pop. whites 10,501, slaves 10,708, free col'd 688 ; total, 21,897. Fausse Riviere, a lake of La., formerly the bed of the Mississippi, until about 1714, when the river took a shorter course, and filling up the old channel, near its junction with the new, left the remainder an extended lake. The banks consist of a very fertile soil, covered with fine farms. Fawcetts Store, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 70 N. w. Raleigh, 290 W. Fawn Grove, p-t., York co.. Pa., 49s. e. Har- risburg. It extends from Muddy cr. to the Mary- land line. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,100 ; 1 tanne- ry, 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,330. 4 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 859. Fawn River, t., St. Joseph co., Mich. Pop. 220. Fayette, county. Pa. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 824 sq. ms. The surface in the e. part is mountainous, having Lau- rel Hill and ( hesnut Ridge. The soil is fertile, and well cultivated. Coal, iron ore, and salt springs are found. There are also sulphur springs. Mononguhela r. flows on its w. boundary. Water- ed by Voughiogheny r., and Brown's, Dunlap, Redstone, and Cook's creeks. At the Ohiopile falls, the Yougliiogheny r. descends 60 feet in the FAY 209 FAY space of a mile. Capital, Union. There were in 1840, neat cattle 30,237, sheep 54,007, swine 30,568 ; wheat 334,297 bush, produced, rye 27,226, Ind. corn 551,114, buckwheat 20,566, oats 560,172, potatoes 98,118, bituminous coal 1,350,610; to- bacco 7,140 potmds, silk cocoons 90, sugar 84,551 ; 107 stores, cap. $426,060 ; 9 furnaces, 3 forges, 4 fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 30 tanneries, 17 distil- leries, 1 brewery, 6 glass fac, 1 glass cutting es- tablishment, 6 potteries, 16 flouring m., 61 grist ra., 139 saw ra., 4 oil m., 4 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 periodicals, 4 weekly news- papers. Cap. in manufac. $369,983. 1 college, 119 students, 103 schools, 2,973 scholars. Pop. 33,574. Fayette, county, Va. Situated in the w. part of the state. Watered by New r., a main branch of Great Kanawha r. This r. is exceedingly rap- id and precipitous. Gauley r., the other constitu- ent branch of the Great Kanawha, runs on the line of the co. a few miles. Clear and March forlvs of Coal r. rise in tliis county. The surface is mountainous, and the soil sandy loam. On New r., 2 ms. from Fayetteville, is Long Point, which projects into the r., the top of which con- sists of a flat rock, covering 2 acres, elevated 1,500 feet above the level of the water. At 6 ms. from the v. is Hawk's Nest, or Marshall's Pillar, a naked, perpendicular rock, 1,100 feet above New r. There are several interesting re- mains of ancient fortifications in this co. Capi- tal, Favetteville. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 4,28"6, .sheep 4,594, swine 6,537; wheat 11,125 buish. produced, rye 4,481, Ind. corn 104,672, oats 63,957, potatoes 14,754 ; 8 stores, cap. $20,700 ; 4 tanneries, 26 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $30,075. Pop. whites 3,773, slaves 133, free col'd 18 ; total, 3,924. Fayette, county, O. Situated a little s. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 415 sq. ms. The surface is generally level ; soil, mode- rately good. Drained by Deer and Paint creeks. First settled in 1805, from Virginia and Kentucky. Capital, Washington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 15,642, sheep 22,680, swine 31,714 ; wheat 144,3.35 bushels produced, rye 6,328, Indian corn 604,506, buckwheat 1,325, oats 99,047, potatoes 11,722, sugar 14,051 pounds; 25 stores, capital $91,045 ; 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 12 saw m., 2 printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $17,650. 75 sch. 1,990 scholars. Pop. 10,984. Fayette, county, Ga. Siuated a little n. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 545 sq. ms. Drained by the head streams of Flint river. Surface, level ; soil, fertile. Capital, Fayette- ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,582, sheep 2,390, swine 13,466 ; wheat 2S,010 bush, produced, Ind. corn 228,957, oats 17,902, potatoes 3,586, tobacco 1,675 pounds, cotton 1,980,113; 18 stores, cap. $43,600 ; 8 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 7 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 periodical, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $7,095. 1 acad. 32 students, 3 sch. 324 scholars. Pop. whites 4,827, slaves 1,334, free col'd 30 ; total, 6,191. Fayette, coimty, Ala. Situated in the w. part of the state, toward the n., and contains 1,250 sq. ms. Drained by Sipsey and Battahatchy rivers, and Luxapatilla cr., branches of Tombig- by r. Surface, undulating ; soil, fertile. Capital, Fayette C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,517, sheep 3,112, swine 20,349; wheat 22,852 bush, produced, Ind. corn 283,640, oats 12,328, potatoes 5,986, cotton 612,895 pounds ; 8 stores, cap. $11,550 ; 2 tanneries, 14 distilleries, 20 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,996. 13 27 sch. 273 scholars. Pop. whites 5,961, slaves 981 : total, 6,942. Fayette, county, Ky. Situated a little n. e. of the centre of the state, and contains 275 sq. ms. Kentucky r. runs for a short distjuice on the s. border of the county. Drained by the sources of Elkhom r. The surface is an elevated table land, from vvhich the streams flow in all directions, but eventually fall into Kentucky r. The soil is ex- ceedingly fertile. Capital, Lexington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 19,431, sheep 24,262, swine 41,894 ; wheat 109,998 bush, produced, rye 163,563, Ind. corn 1,006,959, oats 135,648, potatoes 35,204, flax and hemp 1,312 tons, tobacco 52,900 poimds, sugar 665 ; 2 commission houses, cap $35,500 ; 73 stores, cap. $890,735 ; 3 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 2,300 sp., 1 dyeing and printing es- tablishment, 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 1 powder m., 21 rope fac, 5 flouring m., 21 grist m., 11 saw m., 2 paper fac, 4 pruning offices, 1 bindery, 7 periodicals, 3 weekly and 2 semi- weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $685,740. 1 college, 389 students, 7 acad. 253 students, 44 sch. 1,325 scholars. Pop. whites 10,885, slaves 10,710, free col'd 599 ; total, 22,194. Fayette, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Drained by Loosahatchy and Wolf rivers. "The soil is excellent. A railroad from La Grange, in this county, extends to Memphis, on the Missis- sipi>i r., and a branch of it extends to Somerville. Capital, Somerville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 18,164, sheep 10,793, swine 53,828; wheat 42,593 bush, produced, Indian corn 887,590, oats 79,705, potatoes 50,027, tobacco 10,150 pounds, cotton 3,685,580; 36 stores, cap. $232,200 ; 3 tan- neries, 10 flouring m., 14 grist m., 8 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $43,150. 6 acad. 215 students, 31 sch. 786 scholars. Pop. whites 10,573, slaves 10,885, free col'd 43; total, 21,501. Fayette, county, la. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contams 400 sq. ms. Rolling in the e., level in the w. part. Most fertile to the N. and E. Drained by the branches of White- water r., which unite in the centre of the county, and produce an immense water power. Capital, Connersville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,257, sheep 15,784, swme 31,343 ; wheat 70,439 bush, produced, rye 7,989, Ind. corn 711,855, oats 123,815, potatoes 16,794, sugar 28,721 pounds ; 21 stores, cap. $29,800 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 6 grist m., 14 saw m., 2 oil m., 1 printing ofl^ce, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $60,513. 1 acad. 125 students, 14 sch. 447 scholars. Pop. 9,837. Fayette, county. 111. Situated a httle s. of the centre of the state, and contains 648 sq. ms. The surface is level, and contains prairie and woodland. Drained by Kaskaskia river and its branches. The lands on Kaskaskia r. are liable to be overflowed, and often contain small lakes and ponds. The surface around Vandalia is un- dulating and timbered, but the soil is indifferent. Capital, Vandalia. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,212, sheep 4,652, swine 17,439; wheat 16,906 bush, produced, Ind. corn 252,330, oats 45,242, potatoes 9,719, tobacco 3,500 pounds; 12 stores, cap. $72,400; 1 tannery, 14gi-ist m.,8saw m., 2 printing office.?, 2 daily newspapers. Cap. in manuiac $17,825. 10 sch. 280 scholars. Pop. 6,328. Fayette, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 18 w. n. w. Augusta, 600 W. Incorporated in 1795. Water- ed by a branch of Sandy r. It has a good soil, adapted to grain and to grazing. It has 3 stores, cap. $7,000; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 grist m , FAY 210 FEL 4 saw m. Cap. iii maniifac. $10,200. 9 sch. 386 scholars. Pop. 1,016. Fayette, p-t., Seneca co., N. Y., 178 w. Al- bany, 334 W. iTie surface is level ; soil, pro- ductive. It is bounded by Cayuga lake en the E. and Seneca lake on the w. Seneca r. flows on its N. w. border, and several small tributa- ries enter it from tliis t. Seneca r. and Canoga or., which flows from a warm spring, afford wa- ter power. Gypsum and limestone are found. It has 4 stores, cap. $1,200 ; 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manu- fac. $11,166. 9 sch. 430 scholars. Pop. 3,731. Fayette, v., and port of entry, Hanover t., Chautauque co., N. Y. Situated at the mouth of Silver creek, on Lake Erie. It contains 1 church, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 1 distillery, and a good steamboat landing. Fayette, v., Guilford t., Chenango co., N. Y. It contains 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, 1 grist ra., 2 saw m., and 2 tanneries. Fayette, p-t., Alleghany co., Pa., 214 w. Har- risburg, 23'J W. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Coal is abundant. Drained by branches of Chartiers cr. It has 4 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 3 tan- neries, 5 flouring m., 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,800. 14 sch. 420 scholars. Pop. 2,484. Fayette, p-v., Cecil co., Md., 87 n. e. Annap- olis, 91 W. Fayette, p-v., capital of JeflTerson co.. Miss., 80 s. w. Jackson, 25 n. e. Natchez, 1,091 W. It is very pleasantly situated, and contains a court house, church, and several neat dwellings. Fayette, t., Lawrence co., O. It has 6 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. 842. Fayette, t., Hillsdale co., Mich. It has 9 stores, cap. $50,000 ; 1 printing office, 3 weekly news- papers, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,000. 3 sch. 181 scholars. Pop. 807. Fayette, p-v., capital of Howard co.. Mo., 61 N. w. Jefferson city, 966 W. Situated on the e. side of Bonne Femine cr. It has a court house, a U. S. land office, a college, an academy, two churches, 15 stores, and 1,000 inhabitants. Fayette, p-v., Greene co., 111., 57 s. w. Spring- field, 829 W. Fayette Corner, p-v., Fayette co., Tenn., 77 s. Nashville, 862 W. Fayette, C. H., p-v., capital of Fayette co., Ala., 40 N. w. Tuscaloosa, 842 W. Situated 2 ms. w. of Sipsey r. It contains a court house, and several dwellings. Fayetteville, p-v., Newfane t., capital of Windham Co., Vt., 115 s. Blontpelier, 434 W. It contains a court house, jail, a Congregational church, and an academy. The site is elevated, and the prospect from it extensive and pictur- esque. Fayetteville, p-v., Manlius t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 123 w. by N. Albany, 348 W. Situated near the Erie canal, with which it is connected by a feeder. It contains 3 churches— 1 Presby- terian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist— an academy, 6 stores, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 tannery, 120 dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. Fayetteville, p-v.. Green t., Franklin co., Pa., 52 w. s. w. Harri.sburg, 94 W. Situated on the turnpike from Gettysburg to Chambersburg, 18 ms. from the former, and 9 from the latter. Fayetteville, p-v., capital of Fayette co Va., 289 w. Richmond, 326 W. Situated 2 ms. w. of New river, a little above ils junction with Ckiuley r. to form the Great Kanawha. It con- tains a court house and several dwellings. Fayetteville, p-v., capital of Cumberland CO., N. C, is situated 1 mile from the w. bank of Cape Fear r., at the head of uninterrupted boat navigation, in 53° 3' n. lat., 79° 58' w. Ion., 60 s. Raleigh, 95 n. n. w. Wilmington, 159 n. e. Co- lumbia, 348 W. Pop. 1820, 3,532; 1830, 2,868; 1840, 4,285. It is regularly laid out, with streets 100 feet wide. It has 3 churches, a court house, 2 banks, and a U. S. arsenal of construction. Its trade in grain, flour, tobacco, and naval stores, is considerable. In 1831, a most disastrous fire de- stroyed a considerable portion of the place, which so e.xcited the sympathies of the people through- out the United States, that they contributed about $92,000 for the relief of the sufferers. The place has in a great measure recovered from the disas- ter. There were in 1840, 52 stores, cap. $372,400 ; 7 cotton fac. 13,234 sp., 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 oil m., 2 printing offices^ 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $384,000. 4 acad. 150 students, 4 sch. 95 scholars. Fayetteville, p-v., capital of Fayette co., Ga., 85 w. N. w. Milledgeville,689 W. Situated on a branch of Flint r. It contains a courthouse, jail, and about 60 dwellings. Fayetteville, p-v., Talladega co., Ala., 87 E. Tuscaloosa, 780 W. Fayetteville, p-v., capital of Lincoln co., Tenn., 86 s. Nashville, 716 W. Situated on the N. side of Elk r. It contains a court house and several stores and dwellings. Fayetteville, jvv., capital of Washington CO., Ark., 196 n. w. Little Rock, 1,185 W. Situ- ated on the N. w. side of Wliite r., and contains the usual county buildings, a U. S. land office, and several stores and dwellings. The t. has 1 sch. Pop. 425. Fayetteville, p-v.. Perry t., Brown co., O., 94 s. w. Columbus, 467 W. Fayetteville, p-v., St. Clair co.. 111., 100 s. Springfield, 810 W. Situated on the w. side of Kaskaskia r. It has an elevated and pleasant situation. It was long known as Pulliam's Ferry. Fayston, t., Washington co., Vt., 16 w. s. w. Montpelicr. The surface is mountainous ; soil, along the streams, fertile. Watered by Mad r. Chartered in 1782. It has 4 saw m. Cap. hi manufac. $2,075. 5 schools, 167 scholars. Pop. 635. Fearing, p-t., Washington co., O., 109 e. s. e. Columbus, 305 W. Situated on the main waters of Duck creek. The surface is broken and hilly, but the soil is good for grain and grazing. Duck cr. affords water power. It has 7 sch. 274 scholars. Pop. 1,019. Fearn's Springs, p-o., Winston co., Miss., 108 N. E. Jackson, 906 W. Fearnsville, p-o.. Isle of Wight co., Va. Feastersville, p-o., Bucks co., Pa., 115 e. Harrisburg, 155 W. Federalsburg, p-v., Dorchester co., Md., 65 s. E. Annapolis, 105 W. Situated on Marshy Hope cr. Federal Store, p-o., Dutchess co., N. Y., 59 s. Albany, 326 W. Federalton, p-v., Rome t., Athens co., O., 92 s. E. Columbus, 326 W. Situated on the e. side of Hocking r., at the mouth of Federal cr. Feeding Hills, p-o., Hampden co., Ms., 97 w. by s. Boston, 359 W. Feesburgh, p-o., Brown co., O., 112 s. by w. Columbus, 474 W. Felchville, p-o., Windsor co., Vt., 64 s. Montpelier, 474 W. Feliciana, p-v.. Graves co., Ky., 294 w. Frankfort, 820 W. Felicity, p-v., Franklin t., Clermont co., O., 118 s. s. w. Columbus, 478 W. Situated 4 ms. from Ohio r., 35 above Cincinnati. It contains 2 FIN 211 FIS brick cliurches, 8 stores, various mechanic shops, 80 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. It is surrounded by a rich country. Felix, p-o., Morgan co., Mo., 45 vv. Jefferson city, 981 W. Feltonsville, p-v., Middlesex co., Ms., 30 Boston, 417 W. Felts Mills, p-v., Rutland t., Jefferson co., JV. Y., 16-2 N. w. Albany, 424 W. Femme Osage, p-t., St. Charles co.. Mo., 82 e. Jefferson city, 864 W. The v. is situated on the N. bank of Missouri r., and is an old French set- tlement. Pop. of the t. 1,358. Fenner, p-t., Madison co., N. Y., 112 w. by N. Albany, 355 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile clay and gravelly loam. Drained by Canaseraga and Chittenango creeks. It has 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 9 savk' m. Cap. in raamifac. $1,600. 13 sch. 396 scholars. Po{). 1,997. tENNERSviLLE, p-c, Monroc CO., Pa., 118 N. E. Harrisburg, 209 W. Fen's Biiidge, p-o., Jefferson co., Ga., 46 e. Milledgeville, 650 W. Fenter, t.. Hot Spring co., Ark. It has 5 stores, cap. $2,450 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Pop. 679. Fenton, p-v., St. Louis co.. Mo., 137 e. Jeffer- son city, 826 W. Situated on the Marrimec r. Fentonville, p-v., Fenton t., Genesee co., Mich., 57 N. N. w. Detroit, 579 W. It contains a store, a saw m., and several mechanic shops. Pop. of the t. 660. Fentress, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 560 sq. ms. Wa- tered by branches of Obey's r. and Wliite Oak cr. Capital, Jamestown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,576, sheep 2,990, swine 12,656 ; wheat 8,973 bush, produced, Ind. corn 125,380, oats 26,041, potatoes 6,751, tobacco 8,366 pounds, sugar 14,478; 3 stores, cap. $10,000; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 17 distilleries, 14 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,230. Pop. whites 3,465, slaves 80, free col'd 5 ; total, 3,550. Fentriss, p-o., Guilford co., N. C. Fernandina, p-v., Nassau co., nor., 313 e. Tallahassee, 776 W. Situated on the n. part of Amelia Island. It has the best harbor s. of Ches- apeake bay. It contains several stores and neat dwellings. Ferguson, t.. Centre co., Pa., lis. Bellefonte. The surface is mountainous ; soil, in the valleys, calcareous loam. Drained by Spring cr. and its branches. Iron ore is abundant. It has 4 stores, cap. $9,200 ; 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. t'ap. in manufac. $12,700. 6 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 1,254. Ferrisburg, t., Addison co., Vt., 19 s. Burling- ton, 34 w. Montpelier. Drained by Otter cr., nav- igable 8 ms. to Vergennes, Little Otter and Lewis creeks, which afford water power. Lake Cham- plain bounds it on the w. The surface is hilly N., level to the w. The soil is very fertile, adapt- ed to grain and to grazing. Bason harbor is an excellent port on Lake Champlain, which has considerable trade. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,700. 1 acad. 20 students, 11 sch. 293 scholars. Pop. 1,755. Fetherolpville, p-o., Berks co., Pa., 78 e. by N. Harrisburg, 170 W. Fife, p-o., Talladega co., Ala., 128 e. Tusca- loosa, 745 W. Fife's, p-o., Goochland co., Va., 43 w. Rich- mond, 117 W. FiNCASTLE,p-v., capital of Botetourt co., Va., 175 w. Richmond, 225 W. Pleasantly situated on the s. E. declivity of Catawba valley. It con- tains a court house, 4 churches, an academy, a printing office, issuing a weekly newspaper, I flouring m., a carding machine, various mechan- ic shops, 300 dwellings, and about 800 inhabit- ants. FiNCASTLE, p-v., Eagle t.. Brown co., O., 100 s. by w. Columbus, 465 W. FiNCASTLE, p-v., Campbell eo., Tenn., 206 E. by N. Nashville, 504 W. It is 6 ms. n. of Powels r., and contains 18 inhabitants. Finch, t., Jefferson co., Wis. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 2 sch. 21 scholars. Pop. 143. FiNCHViLLE, p-o.. New Hope t.. Orange co., N. Y., 115 s. by w. Albany, 273 W. FiNKSBURG, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 51 n. w. Annapolis, 61 W. FiNDLAY, t., Alleghany co.. Pa., 15 n. w. Pitts- burg. The surface is liilly ; soil, loam. Drained by branches of Racoon cr. and by Monture's rim. It has 4 stores, cap. $5,600 ; 3 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $4,400. 7 sch. 245 scholars. Population, 1,367. FiNDLEY, p-t., capital of Hancock co., O., 90 N. w. Columbus, 456 W. The v. is situated on the s. side of Blanchard's fork of Auglaize r. It was laid out in 1823. It contains a court house, jail, 2 stores, 50 dwellings, and 469 inhabitants. There are in the t. 10 stores, cap. $29,250; 2 tan- neries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,777. 3 sch. 96 scholars. Pop. 554. FiNLEYviLLE, p-v., Petcrs t., Washington Co., Pa., 195 s. w. Harrisburg, 222 W. Finney's Mills, p-o., AmeUa co., Va., 51 s. w. Richmond, 170 W. Fireplace, p-v., Brookhaven t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 212 s. e. Albany, 292 W. Situated on the N. of Fireplace Bay, and contains about 25 dwellings. FisHDAM, p-v., Wake co., N. C, 22 s. w. Ra- leigh, 282 W. Fishdam, p-v.. Union dist., S. C, 61 n. w. Co- lumbia, 467 W. Situated on w. side of Broad r Flsher's, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 71 Raleigh, 408 W. Fishersborough, p-v., Franklin co., Va., 175 w. s. w. Richmond, 250 W. FisHERSBURGH, p-o., Madison co., la. Fishersville, p-v., Windham co., Ct., 50 e. by N. Hartford, 386 W. Fishersville, p-o., Augusta co., Va. Fisher's Island, N. Y., lies off the e. end of Long Island, 14 ms. from the shore. It is 8 ms. long and 1 wide, owneil by one proprietor, and sustains a very productive dairy. Fish House, v., Northampton t., Fidton co., N. Y. Situated on Sacandaga r., a branch of the Hudson, on a beautiful plain, and has 1 church, 7 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. Founded by Sir William Jolmson, who here erected a house for fishing, and for trading with the Indians. Fishing Creek, p-o.. Cape May co., N. J., sit- uated on a small creek of the same name, which flows 5 ms. to Delaware bay. FisHiNG Creek, p-t., Columbia co.. Pa., 101 n. by E. Harrisburg, 212 W. The surface is moun- tainous; soil, clay and gravel. Watered by Fishing cr. It has 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,700. 3 sch. 82 scholars. Pop. 904. Fishing Creek, p-o., Tyler co., Va. J'isHKiLL, p-t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 88 s. Al- bany. The surface is undulating n., mountain- ous s. The soil is very fertile. Watered by Wappinger's cr. and Fishkill cr., which flow into FLA 212 FLE the Hudson r., which last bounds it on the vv. It has several convenient landings. The central V. is on Fishkill cr., 5 ms. e. of Fishkill Landing. It contains 3 churches, an academy, 8 stores, and about 800 inhabitants. The t. presents much grand and picturesque scenery. It has 29 stores, cap. ©98,600; 2 lumber yards, cap. $6,000; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 11,912 sp., 5 tanneries, 7 flouring m., 6 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $817,050. 3 acad. 49 students, 20 sch. 887 scholars. Pop. 10,437. Fishkill Landing, p-v., Fishkill t., Dutchess CO., N. Y., 90 s. Albany, 287 W. It is situated at the entrance of Fishkill cr. into Hudson r., oppo- site to Newburgh, with which it is connected by a steam ferry. It contains 3 churches, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist, 10 stores, 1 iron foundry, 1 grist m., and 1 machine shop on Fislikill cr., which affords good water power. It has 120 dwellings, and about 900 in- habitants. Fishkill Plains, p-c, Fishkill t., Dutchess CO., N. Y., 88 s. Albany, 308 W. Fishkill Mountains, called also the High- lands of Hudson r., or Matteawan mountains, are composed of primitive rocks, and may be regard- ed as a branch of the Alleghany mountains. Fishing River, t., Ray co., Mo. It has 3 schools. Pop. 1,845. Fish Point, p-o., Rockcastle co., Ky., 85 s. w. Frankfort, 553 W. Fish's Mills, p-c, Penobscot co., Me., 164 n. E. Augusta, 759 W. Fish's Store, p-o., Washington co., Ga., 38 s. E. Milledgeville, 666 W. Fisksburg, p-v., Kenton co., Ky., 44 n. n. e. Frankfort, 512 W. Situated on the w. side of Licldng r. FisKsviLLE, p-v., Providence co., R. I., 13 s. w. Providence, 403 W. FiTCHBURG, p-t., Worcester co., Ms., 46 w. n. w. Boston, 423 W. Chartered in 1764. Water- ed by a branch of Nashua r., which aflfords a very extensive water power, and on which are many manufactories. The surface is liilly ; soil, fertile. It has 7 stores, cap. $22,200 ; 12 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 4 cotton fac. 3,820 sp., 1 tan- nery, 3 paper fac, 1 printing office, 2 binderies, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. m manufac. $188,155. 1 acad. 160 students, 17 sch. 837 scholars. Pop. 2,604. FiTCHPORT, p-v., Garrard co., Ky., 44 s. s. e. Frankfort, 542 W. FiTCHviLLE, p-t., Huron co., O., 98 n. by e. Columbus, 389 W. The soil is productive, and highly cultivated by enterprising farmers from the E. The village contains 2 stores, and a num- ber of dwellings. There are in the t., 2 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 brewery. Cap. in manufac. $500. 9 sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 1,292. FiTZwiLLiAM, p-t., Che.shire co., N. H., 60 s. W. Concord, 42S W. The surface is liilly and rough, but much of the soil is productive, well adapted to gi-azing. It contains several large ponds. Drained by Camp and Priest brooks. It has 3 stores, cap. $13,000; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $29,850. 1 acad. 43 students, 12 sch. 425 scholars. Pop. 1,366. Five Corners, p-o., Geneva t., Cavuea co N. Y., 178 w. Albany, 311 W. ^^ ' Flag Spring, p-o., Campbell co., Ky.,90 n n B. Frankfort, 497 W. Flag Spring, p-o., Gallia co., O., 94 s s f Columbus, 387 W. ^ , ^tb. s. e. Flag Creek, p-c, Cook co.. 111., 188 n f Springfield, 735 W. ' ' ''• ^■ Flaggtown, p-v., Hillsborough t., Somerset CO., N. J., 24 N. E. Trenton, 196 W. It contains 12 or 15 dwellings. Flanders, p-v., Southampton t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 229 s. E. Albany, 309 W. Situated s. side of Little Peconic bay, and has 12 or 15 houses. Flanders, p-v., Roxbury t , Morris co., N. J., 55 n. e. Trenton, 225 W. Situated at the e. foot of Schooley's Mountain. It contains a Methodist church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and about 25 or 30 dwellings. Flatbrookville, p-o., Sandystone t, Sussex CO., N. J., 85 N. Trenton, 242 W. Flatbush, p-t.. Kings co., N. Y., 151 s. Albany, 5 s. e. New York, 231 W. Siu-face level, with some hills ; soil, light loam and sand, fertile when well cultivated. The v. is pleasantly situated on a plain, 4 miles s. E. Brooklyn. It contains 1 Dutch Reformed and 1 Episcopal church, Eras- mus Hall academy, an old and flourishing insti- tution, 2 stores, 50 dwellings, and about 400 in- habitants. Near the n. w. boundary of the t., the battle of Flatbush or of Long Island was fought, in 1776, in which the Americans were defeated with great loss. It has 4 stores, cap. $7,500. Cap. in manufac. $3,950. 3 acad. 242 students, 3 sch. 154 scholars. Pop. 2,099. F'lat Creek, p-o., Bedford co., Tenn., 66 s. s. E. Nashville, 689 W. Flat Creek, t., Taney co.. Mo. Pop. 181. Flat Creek, p-o., Barry co., Mo., 214 s. w. Jefferson city, 1,129 W. Flat Creek, t., Pettis cc, Mo. Pop. 621. Flatlands, t., Kings co., N. Y., 8 s. e. Brook- lyn, 153 s. Albany. The surface is level ; soil, sandy loam and sand. To this t. are attached Barren island, and some other islands, yielding salt hay. The v. contains 1 Dutch Reformed church, 2 stores, 20 dwellings, and 100 inhabit- ants. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $4,800. Cap. in manufac. $7,000. 2 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 810. Flat Lick, p-c, Claiborne par., La., 401 n. w. New Orieans, 1,271 W. Flat River, p-c, Kent co., Mich., 148 w. n. w. Detroit, 633 W. Flat Rock, p-o., Powhatan co., Va., 26 w. Richmond, 143 W. Flat Rock, p-o., Henderson co., N. C, 280 w. by s. Raleigh, 510 W. Flat Rock, p-c, Kershaw dist., S. C, 49 n. E. Columbia, 457 W. Flat Rock, p-o., Henry co., Ga., 78 w. n. w. Milledgeville, 675 W. Flat Rock, p-o., Bourbon cc, Ky., 54 e. Frankfort, 516 W. Flat Rock, t., Henry co., O. It has 4 stores, cap. $2,600 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac $4,000. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 475. Flat Rock, p-o., Shelby co., la., 61 s. e. In- dianapolis, 576 W. Situated on a creek of the same name, an important mill stream. Flat Shoals, p-o., Meriwether co., Ga., 89 w. Milledgeville, 708 W. Flat Woods, p-o., Braxton co., Va., 311 w. N. w. Richmond, 279 W. Fleetville, p-v., Luzerne co.. Pa., 158 n. e. Ilarrisburg, 264 W. Fleetwood Academy, p-o.. King and Queen CO., Va., 36 E. N. e. Richmond, 124 W. Fleming, county, Ky. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 570 sq. ms. The E. and s. parts are mountainous ; the remainder is undulating. The soil is fertile, underlaid with limestone. Licking r. nms on its s. w. border. Capital, Flemingsburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,848, sheep 18,240, swhie 32,677 ; wheat 149,286 bush, produced, rye 12,873, Indian com FLT 213 FLO 594,812, oats 127,705, potatoes 16,605, tobacco 20,173 pounds, sugar 93,010; 2 com. houses, cap. $11,500; 23stores, cap. $165,400; 1 woollen fac, 11 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 8 flouring m., 25 grist m., 13 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing ofliee, 1 newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $112,384. 2 acad. 169 students, 15 sch. 469 scholars. Pop. whites 11,158, slaves 1,992, free colored 118; total, 13,268. Fleming, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 4 s. Auburn, 128 w. Albany, 359 W. The surface is tindula- ting ; soil, a productive clay loam, and well cul- tivated. Drained by Crane brook, and by small streams entering Owasco lake, which bounds it on the E. The v. contains 2 churches, 1 store, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. Pop. of the t. 1,317. It has 1 store, cap. $6,000; 1 saw m., 8 sch. 406 scholars. Fleming's, p-o., Weakley co., Tenn., 121 w. by N. Nashville, 806 W. Fleming's, p-o., Shelby co., la., 31 s. e. In- dianapolis, 569 VV. Flemingsburg, p-v., capital of Fleming co., Ky., 95 K. by n. Frankfort, 488 W. Situated on Stockton run, 1 mile from its junction with Flem- ing cr.j and contains 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Campbellite, and 1 Ful- lerite Baptist — 1 academy, and 1 seminary, a large and splendid court house, of briclc, with a cupola, bell, and clock, 6 stores, 65 dwellings, and 591 inhabitants. Flemingsville, p-o., Owego t., Tioga co., N. Y., 159 s. w. Albany, 280 W. Flemington, p-v., Raritan t., capital of Him- terdon co., N. J., 25 n. by w. Trenton, 185 W. Situated on a valley between the mountains. The soil of the surrounding country is red shale, and tolerably fertile. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Baptist — a court house, of stone, rough cast, with a front of col- umns of the Grecian Ionic order, containing the county offices, in the basement of which is the jail ; 60 dwellings, many of them with ornamented court yards ; and about 350 inhabitants. It has a printing office, with a weekly newspaper. Flemington, p-v., Wake co., N. C, 15 n. w. Raleigh, 293 W. Fletcher, p-t., Franklin co., Vt., 52 n. n. w. MontpcUer, 540 W. Chartered in 1781. Wa- tered at the s. extremity by Lamoille r., by the head branch of Black cr., proceeding from a con- siderable pond, by Fairfield r., and by Stone's brook. The surface is broken, and the soil but moderately fertile. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,200. 7 sch. 130 scholars. Pop. 1,014. Fletcher, p-v.. Brown t., Miami co., O., 66 w. by N. Columbus, 460 W. It contains 1 Meth- odist church, 3 stores, 15 mechanic shops, and about 150 inhabitants. Flicksville, p-v., Northampton co.. Pa., 117 N. E. Harrisburg, 210 W. Flint, p-t., Genesee co., Mich., 61 n. w. De- troit, 585 W. It contains 10 stores, 1 grist m., and 7 saw m. Pop. 984. Flint Creek, p-o., Seneca t., Ontario co., N. Y., 184 w. Albany, 349 W. Flint Hill, p-o., Rappahannock co., Va., 125 N. n. w. Richmond, 77 W. Flint Hill, p-o., Cabarras co., N. C, 143 w. s. w. Raleigh, 380 W. Flint Hill, p-o., St. Charles co., Mo., 89 N. K. Jefferson city, 850 W. Flxnt Island, p-o., Mead co., Ky., 112 w. by 8. Frankfort, 651 W. Flint Mills, p-o., Washington co., O., 129 E. s. E. Columbus, 290 W. Flint, cr., N. Y., rises in Yates co., and flows s. into Ontario co., where it enters the Canan- daigua outlet. Jlint, r., Ga. The w. head branch rises in Campbell co., and the e. in De Kalb co. Its whole length is 300 miles, its depth 6 feet, and its width 150 yards, where it enters the Chatta- hoochee. Steamboats come up to Bainbridge, 50 miles above its confluence. Flint, r., Mich., one of the principal branches of Saginaw r., rises in Lapeer co., and pursuing a N. w., s. w., and then a n. w. course, m Sagi- naw CO. enters Saginaw r., 30 miles from its mouth. It is 100 miles long, and affords, with its branches, extensive water power. It is boatable 20 miles from its mouth. Flint Rock, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 165 w. by s. Raleigh, 414 W. Flintstone, p-o., Alleghany co., Md., 154 n. w. Annapolis, 122 W. Flintville, p-v., Marion dist., S. C, 140 E. by N. Columbia, 459 W. Flora, p-o., Edgar co.. El., 121 e. by s. Spring- field, 658 W. Florence, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 33 N. W. Utica, 129 w. n. w. Albany, 414 W. The surface is gently undulating ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by tributaries of Fish cr. The lands are well adapted to grazing. It has 1 store, cap. $6,000; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. ,$9,200. 11 sch. 332 scholars. Pop. 1,259. Florence, p-v., Washington co.. Pa., 227 w. Harrisburg, 252 W. Florence, p-t., St. Joseph co., Mich., 144 w. s. w. Detroit, 592 W. Pop. 528. Florence, p-v., Stewart co., Ga., 153 s. w. Milledgeville, 794 W. Situated on the e. side of the Chattahoochee r. Florence, p-v., capital, Lauderdale co., Ala., 135 N. by w. Tuscaloosa, 780 W. Situated on the N. side of Tennessee r., 1 mile above the mouth of Cypress cr., and immediately below the Muscle Shoals. When the water is not low, steamboats ascend to this place, and it has great advantages for trade. It was laid out in 1818, on an elevated plain, 100 feet above the river. 'The streets are 100 feet wide, and cross each other at right angles. It contains a court house, jail, a U. S. surveyor general's office, 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist — 2 female academies, and about 2,000 inhabitants. There is a large cotton fac. in the vicinity. Florence, p-v., Boone co., Ky., 76 n. Frank- fort, 502 W. It is situated about 5 miles s. of the Ohio r., and contains about 100 inhabitants. Florence, p-t., Erie co., O., 112 n. by e. Co- lumbus, 391 W. It contains several extensive beds of iron ore. There is a handsome village at the centre, which contains 3 stores. It has 12 sch. 635 scholars. Pop. 1,635. Florence, t., Williams co., O. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,000. Pop 119. Florence, p-v., Louisa co., Iowa. Situated on Iowa river, which is here crossed by a ferry. Here Black Hawk, the celebrated Indian chief, resided, until 1832, and here the bones of his an- cestors repose. Florence, p-v., Morgan co.. Mo., 54 w. Jef- ferson city, 990 W. Situated on the south fork of La Mine r. Florence, p-v., Pike co., El.. 59 w by s Springfield, 839 W. FLO 214 FLO FLORIDA. Florida, territory, is bounded n. by Alabama and Georgia ; k. by the Atlantic ; s. and w. by the Gulf of Mexico. It lies between 25° and 31° n. lat., and between 80° and 87° 44' w. long., and between 3° and 10° 44' w. from W. It is 385 miles long, and from 50 to 250 wide, containing 57,000 square miles, or 37,000,000 acres. The population in 1830, was 34,723 ; in 1840, 54,477, of which 16,456 were white males, 11,487 females ; free colored persons, males 398, females 419; slaves, males 13,033, females 12,679. Employed in agriculture, 12,117; in commerce, 481; in manufactures and trades, 1,177; navigating the ocean, 435 ; do. canal and rivers, 118; learned professions and engineers, 204. This territory is divided into 20 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, are as follows : West Florida — Esc.\mbia, 3,993, Pensacola ; Walton, 1,461, Euchee Anna : Middle Florida — Gadsden, 5,992, Quincy ; Hamilton, 1,464, Jasper ; Jefferson, 5,713, Monti- cello ; Leon, 10,713, Tallahassee ; Madison, 2,644, Madison : East, Honda— Alachua, 2,282, New- mansville; Columbia, 2,102, Lancaster ; Duvall, 4,156, Jacksonville; Hillsborough, 452, Fort Brooks ; Leigh Reed, 73, New Smyrna ; Nassau, 1,892, Nassau C. H. ; St. John's, 2,694, St. Au- gustine : South Florida — Dade, 446, Key Biscay une ; Monroe, 688, Key West : Appalachicola Dis- trict — Calhoun, 1,142, St. Joseph ; Franklin, 1,030, Appalachicola ; Jackson, 4,681, Marianna ; Washington, 859, Roche's Bluff. Tallahassee, in Leon county, 22 miles n. of St. Mark's, is the seat of government. The face of the country is uneven, but has no mountains or high lulls. A large portion of it is covered with pine forests, the trees of which, standing at a considerable distance from each other, without brush or underwood, afford an opportunity for grass and flowers to spread luxuriantly over the surface of the earth during the whole year. The borders of the streams are usually skirted with hammocks, or hillocks, of hard timber, covered with gi-ape and other vines. A large portion of Florida consists of pine barrens, much of which has a very poor soil ; still there are many exten- sive tracts of table land, hammock, and swamp, of the richest soil, and well adapted to the cultiva- tion of sugar, rice, cotton, Indian corn, tobacco, and fruits. A considerable quantity of the pine lands is equally rich ; and the barrens themselves afford extensive ranges of grazing land, usually intersected with streams of pure water. Many parts of the territory abound in yellow pine and live oak timber. Majestic cedars, chestnuts, magnolias, vrith their large white flowers, and cy- presses, with a straight stem of 80 or 90 feet, are found. The fig, pomegranate, orange, and date, are among the fruits of Florida. Cotton forms the chief agricultural production. The peninsula, which constitutes the southern portion of the district, presents a singular alternation of savannahs, hammocks, lagoons, and grass-ponds, called altogether the everglades, which extend into the heart of the country for 200 miles n. of Cape Sable, and are drained northwardly by the St. John's river. There were in this territory, 1840, 12,043 horses and mules, 118,081 neat cattle, 7,198 sheep, 92,680 swine ; poultry valued at $61,007. There were produced 412 bushels of wheat, 13,829 oats, 898,974 Indian com, 264,617 potatoes, 7,285 pounds of wool, 1,197 tons of hay, 124 pounds of silk cocoons, 75,274 tobacco, 481,420 rice, 12,110,533 cotton, 275,317 sugar. Value of the products of the dairy amounted to $23,094; and of the orchard, $1,035. The exports in 1840 were $1,858,850, and the imports were $190,728. There were 23 commer- cial and 21 commission houses in foreign trade, employing a capital of $542,000 ; 239 retail dry- goods and other stores, with a capital of $1,240,380 ; 92 engaged in the lumber trade, with a capi- tal of $64,050 ; 67 persons were employed in the fisheries, with a capital of $10,000. Home-made or family articles manufactured to the amount of $20,205 ; hats and caps manufactured to the amount of $1,500 ; 3 tanneries employed 15 persons, and a capital of $14,500 ; 10 other manufac- tories of leather, as saddleries, &c., manufactured articles to the value of $6,200, employing a capi- ital of $4,250 ; 136 produced bricks and lime to the amount of $37,600; 15 persons manufactured carriages and wagons to the amount of $11,000, with a capital of $5,900 ; 62 grist, 65 saw, and 2 oil mills, employed 410 persons, and produced to the amount of $189,650, with a capital of $488,950. Slxips were built to the amount of $14,100. The whole amount of capital employed in manufac- tures was $669,490. Tliere are many bays on the western side of the peninsula, which form good harbors ; the priu- cipal of which are Perdido, Pensacola, Choctawhatchee, St. Joseph's, Appalachicola, Appalachee, Tampa, Carlos, and Gallivans. There are none on the eastern side ; but rivers, inlets, and sounds, afford harbors for coastmg vessels. The prmcipal capes are Canaveral, Florida, Sable, at the southern extremity, Romans, and St. Bias. There are many islands scattered along the coast, par- ticulariy a cluster off the southern extremity, denominated the Florida Keys, extending, in a curved form, 200 miles. Key West, on one of these, named Tliompson's Island, is a naval station, has a good harbor, wldch is well sheltered, and admits the largest vessels. The principal river on the eastern side is the St. Jolm's, which rises within a short distance of the coast, and flows northwardly, in a very crooked course, tluough several lakes ; it is often from FLO 215 FLO 3 to 5 miles wide, and at other times, not one fourth of a mile. It passes through a fine Iieallhy country, and vessels drawing 8 feet of water enter Lake George and Dun's Lake, 150 miles from its mouth, which has a bar of 12 feet, where it is only 1 mile wide. The Appalachicola river is formed by the union of Chattahoochee and FUnt rivers, about 100 miles above the Gulf of Mexico, to which place vessels drawing 8 feet water can proceed. The other principal rivers are the Escambia, Suwannee, Withlacoochee, Oscilla, Ocklocony, and Clioctawhatchee. Rivers some- times start out of the ground in a stream sufficient to turn a. mill, which seem to come from subterranean reservoirs, and sometimes suddenly sink into the ground and disappear. The principal towns are St. Augustine, the oldest towTi in the United States, which was settled by the Spaniards, in 1564, and is the chief town in East Florida ; Pensacola, 10 miles from the sea, on Pensacola bay ; Tallahassee, the capital, and St. Mark's, its port, 22 miles south of it, are the principal places in the western part of Florida. This territory has no college. There were in 1840, 18 academies and grammar schools, with 732 students, and 51 common and primary schools, with 925 scholars, and 1,303 white persons, over 20 years of age, who could neither read nor write. The Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Methodists, and Roman Catholics, have each a few congrega- tions and ministers. At the commencement of 1840, the district had 5 banks and branches, with an aggegate capital of $3,976,121, and a circulation of $418,778. At the close of 1840, the debt of the territory amounted 10 $3,900,000. Tlie governor is appointed by the President of the United States. The legislative council i.s composed of a senate of 11 members, elected for 2 years, and a house of representatives, composed of 29 members, chosen annually by the people in October. The legislature meets annually at Tallahassee, the seat of government, on the first Monday in January, and its sessions are limited to 75 days. The pay of the members is $4 per day, and $4 for every 20 miles travel to and from the seat of government. A railroad extends from Tallahassee 22 miles to St. Mark's. One also extends from Lake Wi- comico 12 miles to St. Joseph, and another from St. Joseph 30 miles to lola, on the Appalacliicola. Several other railroads and canals have been projected. Florida was discovered by Sebastian Cabot, sailing under the English flag and patronage, in 1497. Ponce de Leon, a Spanish adventurer, from Hispaniola, explored the country in 1512 and 1516. In 1539, Hernando de Soto, who had been an officer under Pizarro, sailed from the island of Ctiba, of which he was governor, with an armed force, with which he overran the peninsula, though his followers were mostly cut off a few years after, and himself died. The French attempted to establish a colony in 1553, which occasioned contests between the French and Spaniards, in which, after alternate successes, the latter were victorious. In 1763 Florida was ceded to Great Britain by Spain, in exchange for Havana. The Spanish reconquered it in 1781, and it was con- firmed to them at the peace of 1783. In 1821 the Spaniards ceded it to the United States, as a compensation for their spoliations on the commerce of the United States. Since it has been in possession of the United States, it has been extensively the scene of a warfare with the Indians. The Seminoles were subdued in 1818 by the Americans, under General Jackson. A portion of this tribe, who refused to emigrate to the lands assigned to them beyond the Mississippi, have recently carried on a tedious and expensive war with the United States. Florida, p-t., Hillsdale co., Mich., 94 s. w. Detroit, 526 W. It has a fertile soU, well adapt- Florida, cape, a promontory on the s. e. coast of Florida, situated on the s. vv. end of an island called Key Biscayune. A light-house was erected here to mark the entrance of Hawk's cliannel, which was burned by the Seminoles. It was sit- uated in 28° 15' N. lat., and 3° 22' w. Ion. from W. Florida, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 7 e. Adams, 121 w. by n. Boston, 463 W. The sur- face is mountainous, and the soil chiefly adapted to grazing. Watered by Cold r., a branch of Deerfield r. It has 3 saw m. Cap. in raanufac. $600. 5 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 441. Florida, p-v., Warwick t.., Orange co., N. Y., Ill s. s. w. Albany, 273 W. It contains 2 churches, 5 stores, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 40 dwell- ings, and about 250 inhabitants. Florida, t., Montgomery co., N. Y., 34 n. n. w. Albany. The surface is undulating; soil, fer- tile clay loam, well adapted to wheat. Mohawk r. flows on its n. boundary, and Schoharie cr. on the w. It has 8 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in mamifac. $46,300. 8 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 5,214. ed to grain. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $800. Pop. 297. Florida, p-v., Monroe co.. Mo., 83 n. e. JeflTer- son city, 923 W. It is on the n. side of the south fork of Salt r. Florisant, p-v., St. Louis co., Mo., 131 e. Jef- ferson city, 837 W. Flower Creek, p-o., Pendleton co., Ky., 79 N. E. Frankfort, 521 W. Flowerfield, p-t., St. Joseph co., Mich., 154 s. w. Detroit, 603 W. It contains 1 flouring m. and 2 saw m., 5 sch. 76 scholars. Pop. 281. Floyd, county, Va., in the s. part of the state, w. of the luiddle, contains 525 square miles. The surface is mountainous, and the soil adapted to grazing. Watered by Little r. and its branches. Capital, Jacksonville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,355, sheep 8,418, swine 12,,555 ; wheat 23,889 bushels produced, rye 13,435, Indian com 72,869, buckwheat 5,830, oats 77,073, jiotatoes 19,728, tobacco 17,579 pounds; 5 stores, cap. 10,900 ; 7 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 2 flouring m., FLU 216 FOR 29 grist m., 18 saw m., 3 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $3,950. 8 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. whites 4,123, slaves 321, free col'd 9 ; total, 4,453. Floyd, county, Ga., situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 460 square miles. Wa- tered by Oostanaula and Etowah rivers, which unite in this county to form the Coosa r. Cedar cr. runs in the s., and Chattooga cr. in the n. part. Surface, uneven ; soil, fertile on the margins of the streams. Capital, Rome. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,557, sheep 1,416, swine 16,844; wheat 27,633 bushels produced, rye 1,358, Ind. com 244,550, oats 16,124, potatoes 6,611, tobacco 3,706 pounds, cotton 142,397; 11 stores, cap. 36,025 ; 4 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 9 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $24,313. 3 acad. 79 students, 5 sch. 107 scholars. Pop. whites 3,165, slaves 1,271, free col'd 5 ; total, 4,441. Floyd, county, Ky. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 1,400 sq. ms. The sur- face is elevated, and considerably hilly and broken. Watered by the forks of Big Sandy r. Kentucky and Licking rivers rise in this county. Capital, Prestonburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,941, sheep 3,059, swine 5,701 ; wheat 5,957 bushels produced, Ind. com 82,300, oats 5,881, potatoes 3,969, tobacco 2,365 pounds, cot- ton 1,148, sugar 1,857, salt 1,200 bushels ; 7 stores, cap. 22,4(X) ; 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 24 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,800. Pop. whites 6,103, slaves 184, free col'd 15; total, 6,302. Floyd, county, la. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 144 sq. ms. The sur- face is hilly, and the soil fertile. Silver cr. runs on its E. border. Watered by branches of Indian cr. Tlie Ohio r. flows on its s. e. border. Or- ganized in 1819. Capital, New Albany. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,149, sheep 5,353, swine 10,426; wheat 30,116 bushels produced, Indian corn 76,091, oats 56,541, potatoes 11,300; 84 stores, cap. $324,299; 2 lumber yards, capital $7,000 ; 10 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 pottery, 9 flouring m., 2 grist m., 13 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $143,700. 9 sch. 379 scholars. Pop. 9,454. Floyd, p-t., Oneida cc, N. Y., 8 n. Utica, 104 w. N. w. Albany, 398 W. Tlie surface is roll- ing ; soil, clay marl, well adapted to grass. The Mohawk bounds it on the s., and along the r. are rich alluvial flats. Nine Mile cr. drains it on the E. border. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 4 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 3,000 sp., 1 dis- tillery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,075. 12 sch. 579 scholars. Pop. 1,742. Floyd, C. H., p-o., (Jacksonville v.,) capital of Floyd CO., Va., 215 w. s. -w. Richmond, 290 W. It contains a handsome court house, 2 stores, 1 tannery, and about 10 dwelluigs. Floyd, t., Putnam co., la. It has 1 tamiery, 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $700. 2 sch. 25 scliolars. Pop. 1,296. Floydsburg, p-v., Oldham co., Ky., 37 w by N. Frankfort, 580 W. Situated on Floyd's cr., a branch of Salt river. Contains about 100 in- habitants. mond"23l'\^"°'' ^''^*''°"^'<=°' Va., 162 w. Rich- Flushing, p-t.. Queens co., N. Y.,9 e. by n New \ ork, 155 s. Albany, 235 W. The surface IS level, e-xcept a stony ridge on the s. The soil IS a sandy loam, with some clay, and well cul- tivated. Long Island sound bounds it on the N., Flushing bay on the w., and Uttle Neck bay on the E. The v. is situated at the head of Flushing bay. Incorporated in 1837. It con- tains 6 churches — 1 Episcopal, 2 Methodist, 1 Roman Catholic, 2 Friends, ^l orthodox and 1 Hicksite,) — 1 male seminary, and 1 female, 12 stores, 175 dwellings, and about 2,000 inhabit- ants. Steamboats connect it daily with New York, and it is much frequented in the summer months. St. Paul's College, 2 ms. n., on College Point, is a respectable Episcopal seminary. There are in the t., 1 1 stores, cap. $30,750 ; 1 dis- tillery, 1 printing office, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $48,600. 1 college, 36 students, 3 acad. 140 students, 8 sch. 369 scholars. Pop. 4,124. Flushing, p-t., Belmont co., O., IIOe. byN. Columbus, 288 W. The inhabitants are chiefly of the society of Friends. Watered by Stillwater cr., which affords water power, and on which are several grist and saw m. The v. contains 3 stores, various mechanics, and about 150 inhabit- ants. It has 2 sch. 23 scholars. Pop. 1,683. Flushing, p-t., Genesee co., Mich., 67 n. w. Detroit, 591 W. Pop. 473. Fluvann.\, county, Va. Situated, centrally, in the e. part of the state, and contains 416 sq. ms. Organized in 1777. James r. runs on its s. border. The Ravenna r, passes through it. 'ITie surface is generally broken ; but between the rivers is a level tract of barren land. The soil on the rivers is good. The gold region passes through the county, and is worked near Palmyra, the capital. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,372, sheep 6,052, swine 9,264; wheat 62,418 bushels produced, Ind. corn 181,900, oats 70,813, potatoes 7,661, tobacco 1,279,777 pounds, cotton 2,392; 17 stores, cap. $126,300; 1 lumberyard, cap. $1,500 ; 1 tannery, 4 flouring ra., 26 grist m., 30 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $97,201. 18 sch. 418 scholars. Pop. whites 4,445, slaves 4,146, free col'd 221 ; total, 8,812. Fluvanna, p-o., EHicott t., Chautauqua co., N. Y., 335 w. by s. Albany, 322 W. FoGELSviLLE, p-o., Macuugy t., Lehigh co.. Pa., 82 E. N. E. Harrisburg, 175 W. It has a store and 8 or 10 dwellings. Fonda, p-v., capital of Montgomery county, in Mohawk t., N. Y., 42 w. Albany, 406 W. Situ- ated on the N. side of Mohawk r., and contains a court house, jail, 5 stores, a large flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 plaster m., 1 carding machme, 1 tlwesh- ing machine fac, 50 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. The Utica and Schenectady rail- road passes through the place. Fond du Lac, county. Wis., situated in the n. E. part of the ter., and contains 400 square miles. About one sixth of the surface is prairie, and there are some swamps. Fox r. runs on its n. border, and Lake Winnebago lies on its n. e. border. Drained by Rock and Milwaukie rivers, and Crocodile and Marthi's creeks. Capital, Fond du Lac. There were in 1810, neat cattle 355, swine 208 ; wheat 320 bushels produced, Ind. corn 1,918, oats 1,315, potatoes 3,961, sugar 3,220 pounds; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. Pop. 139. Fond du Lac, p-v., capital of Fond du Lac co.. Wis., 98 N. e. Madison, 945 W. Situated at the head of Lake Winnebago. FoRBUSH, p-o., Surry co., N. C, 136 w. N. w. Raleigh, 344 W. Fordham, v., Westchester co., N. Y., 12^ New York City Hall. It contains 1 Presbyterian church, 2 stores, 40 dwellings, and St. John's Roman Catholic College, established in 1841, with a large and commodious edifice. It ia on the hue of the Harlem railroad, and has a depot. FOR 217 FOR FoRDSviLLE, p-v., Marion co., Miss., 128 s. s. E. Jackson, 1,078 W. Forest, p-o., Mercer co., Fa., 228 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 281 W. FoRESTBURG, p-t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 120 s. s. w. Albany, 278 W. nie surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam, having a large natural growth of yellow and white pine. Drained by Neversink r., which affords water power. The v. contains 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 plaster m., 4 saw m., 15 dwellings, and aliout 90 inhabitants. Pop. of the t., 433. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 2 grist m., 21 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $61,565. 4 sch. 70 scholars. Forest Lake, p-t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 181 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 291 W. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $■2,775. 5 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 606. Forest Retre.^t, p-o., Nicholas co., Ky., 50 E. N. E. Frankfort, 493 W. Forestville, p-v., Wake co., N. C, 15 w. Raleigh, 273 W. Forge Village, p-v., Middlesex co., Mass., 30 Boston, 434 W. Fork Inn, p-o., Dinwiddle co., Va., 31 s. s. w. Richmond, 150 W. FoRKLAND, p-o., Greene co., Ala. Fork Meeting House, p-o., Baltimore co., Md., 46 N. by vv. Annapolis, 56 W. Fork Road, p-o., Floyd co., Va., 217 w. s. w. Richmond, 294 W. Forks, t., Northampton co., Pa. Situated near the confluence of the Delaware and Lehigh rivers. Drained by Bushkill cr. and its tribu- taries. The surface is level, and the soil cal- careous loam. It has 1 store, cap. $3,500 ; 1 tan- nery, 3 distilleries, 7 flourhig m., 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $50,510. 2 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 2,166. Forks, t., Lycoming county. Pa: It has 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $2,600. 3 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 224. Forks of Pigeon, p-o., Haywood co., N. C Forked Deer River, Tenn., rises by several branches in Carroll and Henderson counties, and after a course of about 100 miles, enters the Mis- sissipi r., in Tipton county. Forkston, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa., 165 n. e. Harrisburg, 270 W. Forksville, p-o., Mecklenburg co., Va., 87 s. w. Richmond, 203 W. Forktown, p-v., Somerset co., Md., 99 s. s. e. Annapolis, 139 VV. FoRNEVs, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C. Forsyth, county, Ga. Centrally situated toward the n. part of the state, and contains 290 sfjuare miles. The Chattahoochee r. runs on its K. and s. E. border. The Etowah r. rims through its N. w. corner. Drained by branches of these rivers. Capital, Gumming. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,823, sheep 3,151, swine 9,663 ; wheat 27,957 bushels produced, Ind. corn 206,875, oats 17,815, potatoes 4,985, tobacco 4,278 pounds, cot- ton 97,190; value of gold produced, $8,000; 20 stores, cap. $47,000 ; 3 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 20 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,430. 1 acad. 51 students, 8 sch. 263 scholars. Pop. whites 5,060, slaves 550, free col'd 9; total, 5,619. Forsyth, p-v., capital of Monroe co., Ga., 55 w. Milledgeville, 677 W. Organized in 1823. It contains an elegant court house, a jail, 3 churches, several stores, an academy, and about 70 dwellings. The Towclaggee r., a branch of the Ocmulgee r., runs a little n. of it A railroad, 25 miles long, connects it with Macon. Forsyth, p-v., caphal of Taney co., Mo., 201 s. .Tcfferson city, 1,118 W. Situated on the e. side of White r., at the entrance of Swan cr. It contains a court house and a few dwellings. Fort Adams, p-v., Wilkinson co., Miss., 158 s. w. Jackson, 1,168 W. Fort Ann, p-t., Washington co., N. Y., 68 N. by E. Albany, 432 W. The surface is hilly and mountainous, with valleys and plains. The soil is various, consisting of sand, clay, and alluvion. Lake George lies on its n. w. border. Drained by Wood cr. The v. is situated on the Champlain canal, which has here 3 locks, and its summit level in the t. Incorporated in 1820. It con- tains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist — 6 stores, 2 tanneries, 70 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. Fort Ann, erected here in 1756, at the head of batteaux navigation, on Wood cr., was celebrated in the French and Revolutionary wars. There are in the t., 19 stores, cap. $25,900 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 3 forges, 3 tanneries, 1 powder m., 1 grist m., 21 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $45,330. 24 sch. 1,036 scholars. Pop. 3,559. Fort Atkinson, p-o., Jefferson co.. Wis., 43 E. Madison, 827 W. Fort Armstrong. (See Rock Island, 111.) Fort Argyle, Bryan co., Ga., (now in ruins,) on the w. bank of Ogechee r., 6 miles above Ogechee bridge, built in 1733, to protect the early settlers against the Spaniards. Here the canal from Savannah enters the Ogechee. Fort Barrington, Ga., on the e. bank of Alatamaha r., 14 ms. above Darien, was built by the Carolinians in 1720, to prevent the escape of the negroes to the Spaniards, at St. Augustine. There is now a settlement in the vicinity. Fort Brady, Mich. (See Saull St. Marie.) Fort Blunt, p-o., Jackson co., Tenn., 68 e. by N. Nashville, 432 W. Fort Covington, p-t, Franklin co., N. Y., 266 n. n. w. Albany, 516 W. Surface, level; soil, sand and clay loam of good quality. Drain- ed by Salmon and Little Salmon rivers. The v. is situated on Salmon r., which is navigable from this place to the St. Lawrence r., 5 ms. below. It contains 4 churches, an academy, 7 stores, 2 woollen fac, 3 grist m., 1 plaster m., 3 saw m., 120 dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. There are in the t., 15 stores, cap. $12,181 ; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 forge, 3 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,050. 11 sch. 637 scholars. Pop. 2,094. Fort Decatur, p-o., Mercer co., Ala. Fort Defiance, p-o., Caldwell co , N. C. Fort Edward, p-t, Washington co., N. Y., 49 N. Albany, 419 W. The surface is gently un- dulating, and the soil a fertile clay and loam. Drained by Moosekill and other streams. The v. is situated on the e. side of Hudson r., and con- tains 1 church, 6 stores, 1 grist m., 80 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. The remains of old Fort Edward are seen in the centre of the v., erected in 1755 ; and the spot is shown, a little n., where Miss Jane McCrea was barbarously mur- dered by the Indians, in the revolutionary war. There are in the t., 11 stores, cap. $25,(X)0 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 6 sch. 195 scholars. Pop. 1,726. Fort Gaines, p-o., Early co., Ga., 183 s. w. Milledgeville, 830 W. Fort Gratiot, p-v., St. Clair co., Mich., 60 N. E. Detroit, 584 W. Situated at the head of a rapid, at the outlet of Lake Huron, the entrance of vvliich it commands. Built in 1814, at the I clo.se of the late war. It consists of a stockade, including a magazine, barracks, and other accom- I modations for a garrison of one battalion. FOR 218 FOU Fort Hamilton, p-v., New Utrecht t., Kings CO. N. V. Here is a strong fortification, on the extreme w. end of Long Island, adjoining the Narrows, through wluch is the main entrance to New Vorlf harbor, iiere about one third of a mile wide. Connected with it is Fort La Fayette or Fort Diamond, in the channel, and Fort Rich- mond opposite, on Staten Island. Fort Hamil- ton is strongly built of solid masonry, and mounts 70 guns, 42, 33, and 24 pounders. The v. at this place contains 1 church, 2 stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings. It has a fine view of the lower bay and the Atlantic ocean, is a place of siunmer re- sort, and has a convenient boarding house for the accommodation of visiters. FortHendersox, p-o.,x>Iacon co., Ala., 156 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 789 W. Fort Hill, p-o., Yorkdist., S. C.,88 n. Colum- bia, 419 W. Fort Hill, p-o., Lake co., 111., 233 N. n. e. Springfield, 748 W. Fort Hunter, p-o., Florida t., Montgomery CO., N. Y., 3S w. by n, Albany, 406 W. Here are the ruins of an old fortification, distinguished in colonial history. Fort Jefferson, p-o., Neave t.. Dark co., O., 95 w. Columbus, 489 W. The v. contains 1 store and a number of houses. Fort Jesup, p-o., Natchitoches par.. La., 393 w. N. w. New Orleans, 1,312 W. Situated about midway between Sabine and Red rivers. Fort Leavenworth, p-v., adjoining Platte r.. Mo., on the w. side of Missouri r., within the In- dian ter. Here are situated extensive military works. Fort Littleton, p-o., Bedford co., Pa.,71 w. by s. Harrisburg, 115 W. Fort Madison, p-v., capital of Lee co., Iowa. Situated on the w. bank of the Missi.«sippi r. A fortification was here established in 1808, as a de- fence against the Indians, who obliged the garri- son to abandon it, and to burn the fort, in 1813, of which few remains are now seen. It has be- come the site of a beautiful v., founded in 1835, and containing a Presbyterian, Baptist, and Methodist church, 5 stores, 4 commission and forwarding houses, several groceries, various mechanics, and about 700 inhabitants. The ter- ritorial penitentiary is established here, and a ferry crosses the Mississippi r. Fort Miller, p-v.. Fort Edward t., Washing- Ion CO., N. Y. Situated on the e. side of Hudson r., where is a fall of about 20 feet, and a state dam 8 feet high, for feeding the Champlain canal, which passes through the place. The village contains 1 church, 5 stores, 1 grist m., 1 sawm., 1 fulling m. and carding machine, 40 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Fort Osage, p-o., Jackson co.. Mo., 158 w. by N. Jefferson city, 1,074 W. Fort Pickering, p-o., Shelby co., Tenn. Fort Plain, p-v., Minden t., Montgomery co., N. V . Situated on the s. side of the Mohawk, on the bne canal. Incorporated in 1831. It con- tains 1 Dutch Reformed and 1 Universalist c mrch, 1 bank, 16 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m 1 plaster m., 1 furnace, 1 distillery, 200 dvvellinirs and about 1,400 inhabitants. Fiiie stone is herJ quarned for canal locks. Fort Pleasant, p-o., St. Joseph co., Mich., 131 w. 8. w. Detroit, 5S7 W. Fort Recovery, p-o.. Dark co., O 114 w by N. Columbus, 508 W. Established W Gen' Wayne. •' Fort Seneca, p-o., Seneca co., O 95 n bv w. Columbus, 432 W. Situated on the w side of Sandusky r., and occupied during the late war Fort Smith, p-v., Crawford co., Ark., 161 w. N. w. Little Rock, 1,226 W. Situated on the s. side of Arkansas r., at the entrance of Poteau r., on the extreme western border of the state. An extensive fortification is now being erected here, for the protection of the western frontier. FoRTSMOUTH, p-o., Warren co., Va., 147 Rich- mond, 93 W. Fort Snelling, p-v., Iowa, 1,237 n. w. W. It is situated on the s. side of the Mississippi r., a short distance above the entrance of St. Peter's r. Here are situated extensive military works, lor the protection of the northwestern frontier. FoRTSViLLE, p-o., Morcau t., Saratoga co , N. Y., 48 N. Albany, 418 W. Fort Towson, p-v., Indian ter., W. Arkansas, 184 s. w. by w. Little Rock, 1,239 W. Situated a little N. of Red r. Fort Valley, p-o., Houston co., Ga. Fort Wayne, C. H., p-v., cap. of Allen co., la., 131 N. N. E. Indianapolis, 544 W. Beautifully situ- ated on the s. sitle of Maumee r. It is incorpo- rated as a city, and contains a court house, jail, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Meth- odist, 1 Lutheran, and 1 Roman Catholic — 4 acad- emies, 9 stores, 500 dwellings, and about 2,(X)0 inhabitants. It is on the line of the Wabash and Erie canals, and surrounded by a rich and fer- tile countr^r. Fort Winnebago, p-v., Portage co.. Wis., 42 N. Madison, 889 W. Situated at the portage, be- tween Wisconsin and Fox rivers. Foster, p-t.. Providence co., R. I., 19 w. by s. Providence, 386 W. The surface is uneven and rough, but the soil is adapted to grazing. Watered by the head branches of the north branch of Pawtuxet river, wltich afford water power. Incorporated in 1781. There are in the t., 11 stores, cap. $11,000; 2 furnaces, 1 fulling m., 1 cotton fac. 624 sp., 1 tannery, 8 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,645. 19 sch. 618 scholars. Pop. 2,181. Fosterdale, p-o., Cochecton t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 126 s. w. Albany, 298 W. Foster's, p-o., Marion co.. 111., 95 s. s. e. Springfield, 755 W. Foster's, p-o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala., 12 Tus- caloosa, 830 W. Foster's, p-o.. Union co., Ark. 175 s. Little Rock, 1,220 W. Foster's Cross Roads, p-o., Bledsoe co., Tenn., Ill e. s. e. Nashville, 596 W. Foster's Meadows, p-o., Queens co., N. Y., 162 s. E. Albany, 242 W. Fostersville, p-o., Anrelius t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 159 w. Albany, 338 W. Fosterville, p-v., Henry CO., Ga., 75 w. N. w. Milledgeville,679W. Fosterville, p-v., Rutherford co., Tenn., 46 s. E. Nashville, 677 W. Foundryville, p-o., Columbia co.. Pa., 99 n. N. E. Harrisburg, 209 W. Fountain, county, la. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 390 square miles. Organized in 1825. Wabash river runs on its w. border. Watered also by Coal cr. and Shawnee cr., tributaries to the Wabash, which afford good water power. The surface is imdiilating, and the soil very fertile. The Wabash and Erie canal passes through the co. Capital, Covington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,272, sheep 15,175, swine 30,551; wheat 111,118 bushels produced, rye 7,976, Ind. com 711,128, buck- wheat 2,103, oats 80,769, potatoes 23,476, sugar 118,613 pounds, bituminous coal 10,000 bushels; 40 stores, cap. $135,090; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen lac, 6 tanneries, 9 distilleries, 10 flouring m., 8 FOX 219 FRA grist m., 36 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $128,690. 3a sch. 3,075 scholars. Pop. 11.218. Fountain Dale, p-o., Adams co., Pa., 47 s. w. Harrisburg, 71 W. Fountain Green, p-o., Chester co.. Pa. Fountain Gree.v, p-o., Hancock co., 111., 162 w. n. w. Springlield, 873 W. Fountain Head, p-o., Sumner co., Tenn., 3S N. N. E. Nashville, 632 W. Fountain Inn, p-o., Greenville di.st., S. C, 89 N. w. Columbia, 503 W. Fountain Inn, p-o., Callaway co., Ky. Fountain of Health, p-o., Cumberland co.. Pa., 36 s. w. Harrisburg. 114 W. Fountain Powder Mills, p-o., Hart co., Ky., 105 s. w. Frankfort, 622 W. Fountain Spring, p-o., Schuylkill co., Pa., 75 N. e. Harrisburg, 185 W. Fountain Spring, p-o., Warren co., Tenn., 83 s. E. by E. Nashville, 637 W. FouRcuE A Renault, p-v., Wa.shington co., Mo., 103 s. E. JefTerson city, 887 W. Situated on the w. side of Mineral fork of Big r., in the midst of the mineral region. FouRCHE Dumas, p-o., Lawrence co., Ark., 154 n. n. e. Little Rock, 983 W. Four Corners, p-o., Ridgefield t., Huron co., O., 8 w. Norwalk, 110 n. by e. Columbus. Four Mile Branch, Barnwell dist., S. C, 104 s. by w. Columbia, 600 W. Four Mile Branch, Monroe co., Tenn., 178 E. s. E. Nashville, 542 W. Fowler, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 187 n. N. w. Albany, 456 W. The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, cliiefly a iertile clay and sandy loam. Drained by Oswegatcliie r. and its tribu- taries. It has 5 stores, cap. $5,600 ; 1 lulling m., 1 furnace, 2 forges, 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,700. 4 sch. 173 scholars. Pop. 1,752. Fowler, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 10 n. Warren, 183 N. e. Columbus, 303 W. It has 5 sch. 340 scholars. Pop. 935. Fowler's Mills, p-o., Geauga co., O., 169 n. E. Columbus, 343 W. Fowlstown, p-v., Decatur co., Ga., 11 s. w. Bainbridge. Fo.\, p-t., Clearfield co.. Pa., 143 n. w. Harris- burg, 235 W. Pop. 319. Fox, t., Carroll co., O. Situated in the e. part of the county. It has 16 stores, cap. $39,500; 4 tanneries, 2 distilleries. 2 printing offices, 2 weekly papers, 5 flouring m., 11 grist m., 14 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $30,250. 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 1,491. FoxBOROUGH, p-t., Norfolk co., Mass., 27 s. s. w. Boston, 418 W. Organized in 1778. Water- ed by Rumlbrd and Cocasset rivers, branches of Taunton r., which afTord water power. It has considerable manufactures. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $96,900. 7 sch. 327 scholars. Pop. 1,298. FoxcHASE, p-o., Philadelphia co.. Pa., 108 e. by s. Harrisburg, 148 W. Fox Creek, p-o., St. Louis co.. Mo., 94 E. Jef- ferson city, 842 W. FoxcROFT, p-t., Piscataquis co.. Me., 83 n. e. Augusta, 680 W. It has 11 sch. 401 scholars. Pop. 926. Fox, r.. 111., one of the principal branches of Illinois r., rises in Wisconsin ter.. passes through a series of small lakes near the boundary of the state, and enters Illinois r. at Ottawa. FoxviLLE, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 100 n. w. Annapolis, 71 W. FoxviLLE, p-o., Fauquier co., Va., 116 n. by V?. Richmond, 73 W. Situated on the Rappa- hannock r., 30 ms. above Fredericksburg. It contains 1 store, 2 flouring m., and 2 carding ma- chines. Slate is found in the neighborhood, and a white sulphur spring, considerably resorted to. Fox Springs, (while sulphur and chalybeate,) situated 10 e. from Flemingsburg, Ky., between two mountains. It is a pleasant resort, the country in the vicinity abounding with game. Foy's Store, p-o., Onslow co., N. C, 139 s. e. Raleigh, 369 W. Frakus Grove, p-o.. Stark co.. 111., 115 n. by w. Springfield, 829 W. Framingham, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 22 w. s. w. Boston, 418 W. Incorporated in 1700. The soil is fertile. Watered by Sudbury r., a branch of Concord r, wliich affords water power. It has a number of ponds, resorted to for fishing and fowling. Black lead is found. It has a pleasant and flourishing village. It has 6 stores, capital $31,800; 4 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 paper fac, 1 bindery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac $396,900. 1 acad. 77 students, 12 sch. 898 schol- ars. Pop. 3,030. Francistown, p-t., Hillsboro co., N. H., 25 s. w. Concord, 460 W. The surface is uneven and rough, but the soil is fertile, adapted to grazing. It has some rich intervals. Watered by branches of Piscataquog r., issuing from considerable ponds, which afford water power. The important road from Boston to Windsor, Vt., passes tlirough it. It has a pleasant and flourishing village. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $12,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 5 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,100. 11 sch. 410 scholars. Pop. 1,307. Francisville, p-v., Philadelphia co., Pa., 100 E. by s. Ilarrisburg, 140 W. Francisville, p-v., Crawford co., Ga., 61 s. w. Milledgeville, 718 W. Francisville, p-v., Boone co., Ky., 87 n. by E. Frankfort, 513 W. Franconxa, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 75 n. Con- cord, 541 W. The surface is mountainous, and some of its elevations present wild and pictur- esque scenery. Profile Mountain, which rises 1 000 feet, in its bare rocky summit, is thought to present a striking profile of a human face, when seen from tlie n. Watered by the s. branch of Lower Amonoosuck r., wliich affords water power, and on which are extensive iron works and other mills. A rich iron ore is found 3 miles from the furnace, which yields from 56 to 63 per cent. The New Hampshire Iron Factory Com- pany was incorporated in 1805, composed princi- pally of gentlemen in Boston and Salem. It has 1 store, cap. $1,700 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,375. 5 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 523. Franconia, p-t., Montgomery co.. Pa., 83 E. Harrisburg, 167 W. The surface is level, and the soil red shale. Drained by the n. e. branch of Perkiomen cr., Indian cr.. Pike cr., and Ship- pack cr. It has 5 stores, cap. .$12,000 ; 2 tanner- ies, 1 pottery. Cap. in manufac. $2,864. Pop. 1,183. Franconia, p-v., Putnam co., O., 129 n. w. Columbus, 498 W. Frankford, t., Sussex co., N. J. The surface is hilly toward the w., running on to Blue moun- tain, the remainder is valley lands. The soil is fertile, underlaid with lime and slate. Drained by Papakating cr., a branch of Wallkill r. It has 5 stores, cap. $37,9(W ; 1 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 forge, 3 tanneries, 6 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $45,405. 13 sch. 307 scholars. Pop. 2,410. Frankford, p-b., Oxford t., Philadelphia co.. FRA 220 FRA Pa., 104 E. by s. Harrisburg, 5 n. e. Philadelphia, 144 W. Tacony cr. runs on its w. and s. border, and affords water power. It contains 1 Luther- an and 1 Friends church, 10 stores, several grist and saw m., 1 calico printing works, 2 acad. 25 students, 8 sell. 513 scholars. Pop. 2,376. Frankford, t., Cumberland co., Pa. The sur- face is liilly ; soil, slate. Drained by Conedog- winit cr. and its branches. The n. part contains spurs of Blue mountain, and McClure's Gap is on the E. boundary. There is a sulphur spring in the centre. It has 1 store, cap. !!?200; 1 fulhng m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,050. 4 sch. 159 scholars. Pop. 1,263. Fr.vnkford, p-v., Greenbrier co., Va., 221 w. by N. Richmond, 261 W. It contains 1 Method- ist church, 2 stores, 1 tannery, 50 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. Frankford, p-v., Pike co., Mo., 90 n. e. Jef- ferson city, 891 W. Frankfort, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 64 n. e. by E. Augusta, 65'j W. Penobscot r. bounds it on the E. Watered by Marsh r., which affords good water power. The soil is fertile, and it has great commercial advantages, as the river here remains open through the year. The principal village is on Marsh bay, which sets up from Penobscot r. It has 36 stores, cap. $35,500 ; 1 com. house, cap. $2,000 ; 18 lumber yards, cap. $54,400 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 5 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $70,495. 23 sch. 953 scholars. Pop. 3,603. Frankfort, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 86 n. w. Albany, 397 W. The surface is hilly and broken on the s. In the n. are fertile flats on the Mohawk. The v. is on the s. side of the Mohawk, on the Erie canal, and contains 1 Dutch Reformed and 1 Baptist church, 8 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 distillery, 1 tannery, 100 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. There are in the t. 14 stores, cap. $23,440 ; 1 furnace, 2 full- ing m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 10 .saw m. Cap. in manufac. $48,600. 15 sch. 630 scholars. Pop. 3,096. Frankfort, p-v., Hampshire co., Vu,, 203 n. N. w. Richmond, 131 W. Situated on Patter- son's cr., and contains 1 Episcopal church, 3 stores, several mechanic shops, 30 dwellings, and about 175 inhabitants. Frankfort, p-v., Concord t., Ross co., O., 59 s. Columbus, 414 W. Frankfort, p-v., capital of Franklin co., Ky., and also of the state, is 22 w. n. w. Lexington, 51 E. Louisville, 102 s. s. w. Cincinnati, 542 W. In 38° 14' n. lat., 84° 40' w. Ion. Pop. 1810, 1,099; 1820, 1,679; 1830, 1,680; 1840, 1,917. Situated on the e. side of Kentucky r., 60 miles above its entrance into Ohio r., on a semicircular alluvial plain, from 150 to 200 feet lower than the table land in the rear. The r. is here about 80 yards wide, and after heavy rains, frequently rises 60 feet. It contains a state house, of rough marble, 86 by 54 feet, with a handsome Grecian ionic portico in front, a court house, jail, the state penitentiary, a bank, an academy, a market house, a theatre, 3 churches, and various manu- facturing establishments. The streets are regu- lar, and the houses are neat, and many of them elegant. Steamboats of 300 tons come up to this place when tlie water is high, and a large amount of foreign goods is brought here, and widely sup- plied to the rich and fertile country around. The lianks of tlic r. here are high, and a chain bridge crosses it to the flourishing village of South Frank- fort, which may be regarded as an appendage, though its population is not included in the above. Large vessels, designed to navigate the ocean, have been built here, and floated to New Or- leans. Frankfort, p-v., capital, Clinton co., la., 42 N. .N. w. Indianapolis, 600 W. It is situated on the s. fork of Wildcat cr., near the margin of a prairie, has a court house, jail, 3 churches, and about 600 inhabitants. Frankfort, p-v., capital, Franklin co.. 111., 160 s. s. E. Springfield, 811 W. It is situated on elevated ground, and has 7 stores, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, various mechanic shops, and about 200 inhabitants. Frankfort Hill, p-o., Frankfort t., Herki- mer CO., N. Y., 87 vv. N. w. Albany, 391 W. Frankfort Mills, p-o., Frankfort t., Waldo CO., Me., 101 E. N. E. Augusta, 683 W. Situated at the head of the tide on Marsh r., 4 ms. from its mouth, where is good water power, and are sev- eral mills. Frankfort Springs, p-v., Hanover t., Bea- ver CO., Pa., 233 w. by n. Harrisburg, 255 W. It contains 3 stores, and about 40 dwellings. Franklin, county, Me. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and was organized in 1838. The surface is undulating, and in some parts moun- tainous. The soil is of a superior quality, adapt- ed both to grain and grazing. The streams are .^rnall, but afford water power. Sandy r. and Dead r. are considerable branches of Kennebec r. Capital, Farmmgton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 19,835, sheep 64,717, swine 6,733; wheat 99,726 bush, produced, rye 4,304, Ind. corn 38, 182, barley 13, 187, oats 96,027, potatoes 615,600, sugar 36,488 pounds ; 53 stores, cap. $104,625 ; 1 furnace, 6 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 20 tanne- ries, 2 potteries, 2:* grist m., 44 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $112,003. 171 sch. 7,185 scholars. Pop. 20,801. Franklin, county, Mass. Situated in the n. and toward the w. part of the state, and contains 650 sq. ms. Drained by Connecticut r., wliich passes through its centre, and by its tributaries. Miller's r. on the e., and Green and Deerfield rs. on the w. Organized in 1811. Much of the soil is very fertile, and its streams afford extensive water power. Capital, Greenfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 28,790, sheep 61,210, swine 11,352 ; wheat 21,489 bush, prod., rye 68,635, Ind. corn 161,338, buckwheat 10,133, barley 2,212, oats 149,578, potatoes 422,599, sugar 144,186 pounds, 83 stoies, cap. $207,900 ; 2 furnaces, 25 fulling m., 8 woollen fac, 8 cotton fac. 9,098 sp., 36 tan- neries, 3 distilleries, 41 grist m., 144 saw m., 3 printing offices, 2 binderies, 2 weekly newspa- pers. Cap, in manufac. $454,892. 8 acad. 870 students, 241 sch. 8,512 scholars. Pop. 28,812. Franklin, county, Vt. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, having Lake Champlain on its w. border. Near the lake the surface is level, and toward the e. it is hilly. Tlie soil is produc- tive, and adapted to grain and to grazing. Wa- tered by Missisque r. on the n., and partially by Lamoille r. on the s., which afford extensive wa- ter power. A fine clouded marble is found at Svvanton, and extensively exported. Capital, St. Albans. There were in 1840, neat cattle 26,965, sheep 87,385, swme 8,935 ; wheat 48,686 bushels produced, rye 10,144, Ind. corn 65,534, buckwheat 9,603, barley 599, oats 94,700, potatoes 709,396, sugar 400,775 pounds ; 64 stores, cap. $141,200 ; 12 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 19 tanneries, 20 grist m., 63 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 1 bind- ery, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $-i06,910. 3 acad. 148 students, 155 sch. 4,361 scholars. Pop. 24,531. Franklin, county, N. Y. Situated in the N. FRA 221 FRA E. part of the state, and contains 1,527 sq. ms. The surface is hilly or mountainous, except in the N. part, where it is level, or gently undulating. The soil is various, but much of it a sandy loam and very productive. Drained by Saranac r. e., and by Chateaugay, Salmon, Trout, Deer, St. Regis, and Racket rivers n. Capital, Malone. 'J'here were in 1840, neat cattle 17,800, sheep 39,024, swine 12,213; wheat 64,414 bush, produc- ed, rye 15,017, Indian corn 55,537, buckwheat 22,685, barley 4,084, oats 89,204, potatoes 468,706, hops 25,021 pounds, sugar 227,049 ; 40 stores, cap. §163,581; 2 furnaces, 4 forges, 8 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 15 tanneries, 17 grist m., 42 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufae. $145,798. 1 academy. 111 sch. 4,749 scholars. Pop. 16,518. Franklin, county, Pa. Central, in the s. part of the state, and contains 731 sq. ms. Organized in 1784. It lies in the Kittatinny valley, which is the great limestone valley of the state. South Mountain and Tuscarora, or Cove mountain, trav- erse it. Iron ore is abundant, and while marble exists. The soil is fertile, well cultivated, and productive. Watered by Conecocheague and Conedogwuiit creeks and their branches, wliich afford extensive waterpower. Capital, Chambers- burg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 27,666, sheep 29,709, swine 53,757; wheat 661,905 bush, produced, rye 216,364, Ltd. corn 755,183, buck- wheat 16,991, barley 2,669, oats 648,005, potatoes 109,355, 111 stores, cap. $424,400; 8 furnaces, 11 forges, 7 fulling m., 9 woollen fac, 37 tanneries, 40 distilleries, 1 brewery, 5 potteries, 1 rope fac, 33 flouring m., 64 grist m., 119 saw m., 7 oil m., 1 paper factory, 4 printing offices, 3 binderies, 4 weekly and 1 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufae. $436,610. 1 col. 64 students, 7 acad. 218 students, 158 sch. 5,745 scholars. Pop. 37,793. Franklin, county, N. C. Situated a little n. E. of the centre of the state, and contains 540 sq. ras. Watered by Tar r., which runs through the middle, and Fishing cr. on its n. border. Sur- face, level ; soil, fertile. Capital, Louisburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,011, sheep 7,318, swine 25,940 ; wheat 14,456 busli. produced, Ind. com 437,277, oats 577,993, potatoes 31,653, silk cocoons 300 pounds, tobacco 451,909, cotton 538,320 ; value of gold produced, $200,000 ; 17 .stores, cap. $138,700; 1 lumberyard, cap. $2,000; 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 31 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $30,575. 6 acad. 163 students, 18 sch. 225 scholars. Pop. whites 5,227, slaves 5,320, iree col'd 433 ; total, 10,980. Franklin, county, Ga. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 680 sq. ms. Or- ganized in 1788. Tugaloo r. runs on its n. e. bor- der. Drained by branches of n. fork of Broad r. Surlace, hilly ; soil, fertile. Capital, Carnesville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,217, sheep 6,776, swine 17.333; wheat 45,999 bush, produc- ed, Ind. corn 314,288, oats 30, 102, potatoes 16,807, rice 1,920 pounds, tobacco 11,706, cotton 297,525; 15 stores, cap. $21,910 ; 1 tannery, 35 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 25 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufae $28,825. 1 acad. 19 students, 10 sch. 256 scholars. Pop. whites 7,754, slaves 2,095, free col'd 37 ; total, 9,886. Franklin, county, Flor. Situated in the s. part of the n. division of the territory. Organiz- ed in 1832. Watered by Appalachicola r., which runs along its western border. Bounded s. by the Gulf of Mexico. The lands are low and wet, with many ponds and swamps. The islands of St. George and St. Vincent belong to it. The soil bordering on the rivers is very rich. Capital, Appalacliicola. There were in 1840, neat cattle 254, swine 301 ; Ind. corn 75 bush, produced ; 21 commercial houses in for. trade, cap. $273,000 ; 34 stores, cap. $211,200; 6 grist m., 6 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Pop. whites 782, slaves 1,142, free col'd 26; total, 1,030. Franklin, county, Ala. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 648 sq. ms. Watered by Cedar, Bear, Little Bear, and Spring creeks. Surface, hilly ; soil, fertile. Capital, Russellville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,174, sheep 6,311, swine 44,752; wheat 34,184 bush, produced, rye 3,920, Ind. com 759,950, oats 62,114, potatoes 28,128, tobacco 12,648 pounds, cotton 10,823,897 ; 3 commission houses, capital $20,000 ; 14 stores, cap. $150,500 ; 3 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 6 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- fae. .$24,200. 1 college, 90 students, 1 acad. 25 students, 15 schools. Pop. whites 8,236, slaves 6,005, free col'd 29 ; total, 14,270. Franklin, county, Miss. Situated in the s. w. part in the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. Drained by branches of Homochitto r., and head waters of Amite r. The soil on the rivers is fer- tile, but otherwise consists of pine barrens. The surface is slightly uneven. Capital, Meadville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,972, sheep 2,215, swine 14,002 ; Ind. corn 153,520 bush, pro- duced, oats 2,140, potatoes 19,693, rice 24,792 poimds, cotton 2,825,999 ; 10 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 9 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufae $24,550. 10 sch. 147 scholars. Pop. whites 2,063, slaves 2,699, free col'd 13 ; total, 4,775. Franklin, county, Tenn. Situated centrally in the s. part of the state, and contains 8-10 sq. ms. Cumberland mountain runs on its s. E. bor- der. Drained by Duck r., and Elk, Paint, and Rock creeks. The surface is uneven and rough, and the .soil productive. Capital, Winchester. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,107, sheep 9,531, swine 39,334 ; wheat 49,869 hush, produc- ed, Ind. corn 644,960, oats 102,929, potatoes 20,286, tobacco 4,600 poimds, cotton 311,818; 16 stores, cap. $147,500 ; 9 cotton fac. 1,360 sp., 5 tanneries, 26 distilleries, 11 flouring m., 14 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $95,880. 8 sch. 242 schol- ars. Pop. whites 8,935, slaves 3,085, free col'd 13 ; total, 12,033. Franklin, county, Ky. Situated a little n. of the centre of the state, and contains 200 sq ms. Kentucky r. rims through it and on its w. border. Elkhorn r., a branch of Kentucky r., runs through it. Surface, hilly ; soil, fertile. Cap ital, Frankfort. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,791), .sheep 8,262, swine 15,310 ; wheat 45,401 liush. pnjiluced, rye 12,295, Ind. corn 26S,550, oats .')7,195, potatoes 10,081, tobacco 113,300 pounds ; 2 lummission houses, cap. $12,000 ; 23 stores, cap. $110,350; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 4 tanne- ries, 4 rope fac, 1 distillery, 6 flouring m., 9 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers, ('ap. in manufae $119,080. 4 acad. 83 students, 5 schools. Pop. whiles 6,337, slaves 2,849, free col'd 234 ; total, 9,420. Franklin, county, O. Situated in the centre of the state, and contains 529 sq. ms. Watered by Scioto and Whetstone or Oientangy rivers, and by Alum, Big Walnut or Gahannah, Black- lick, and Darby creeks, branches of the Scioto r. The surface is level, and rather low and wet. The soil is fertile, particularly on the streams, and well cultivated, but in most parts adapted to grazing. Capital, Columbus. There were in 1840, neat cattle 15,460, sheep 21,428, swine 36,241 ; wheat 243,991 bush, produced, rye 3,595, Ind. com 1,009,764, buckwheat 3,750, oats 223,942, potatoes 64,678, sugar 76,659 pounds ; 7 com. houses in for. trade, cap. $63,000 ; 86 stores, cap. FRA 222 FRA $365,135; 3 lumber yards, cap. $12,000; 2 fur- naces, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 14 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 3 breweries, 3 potteries, 10 flouring m., 11 a;rist m., 45 saw m., 2 oil ni., 4 printing of- fices, Sbinderies, 1 daily, 4 weekly, 1 serai-week- Jy newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $391,770. 1 college, 25 students. 3 acad. 123 students, 34 sch. 827 scholars. Pop.'25,04y. Fr.\nklin, county, la. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. Wa- tered by branches of White Water r., affording extensive water power. The land is rolling and fertile K., level to the w. The White Water ca- nal passes through the county. Capital, Brook- ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,296, sheep 12,834, swine 17,771; wheat 30,230 bush, produced, rye 1,659, Ind. corn 370,361, buckwheat J, 067, barley 1,087, oats 97,535, potatoes 4,345, hops 2,8 15 pounds ; 18 stores, cap. $177,200; 1 fuUing m., 3 distilleries, 1 rope fac, 1 flouringm., 8 grist m., 15 saw m., 1 paper fac, 2 printing offi- ces, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $4,920. 1 acad. 137 students, 27 sch. 995 schol- ars. Pop. 13,349. Franklin, county, III. Situated toward the S. part of the state, and contains 864 sq. ms. Or- ganized in 1818. Watered by Big Muddy r. and its branches, and the s. fork of Saline or. The soil is fertile if well cultivated. Capital, Frank- fort. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,600, sheep 3,286, swine 13,199; wheat 13,680 bush, produced, Ind. corn 205,914, oats 41,140, potatoes 4,308, to- bacco 14,374 pounds, cotton 23,650 ; 14 stores, cap. $17,600; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 12 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,100. 9 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 3,682. Franklin, county. Mo. Situated toward the E. part of the state. The ]\Iissouri r. runs on its N. boundary. Watered by Maramec r. and Bour- beuse river, its principal tributary, which affords good water power. Several small rivers enter the ]>Iissouri on the n. The surface is slightly uneven, and the soil generally fertile. Capital, Union. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,142, sheep 7,607, swhie 20,640 ; wheat 33,108 bush, produced, rye 498, Ind. corn 264,062, oats 42,6S9, potatoes 13,424, tobacco 262,490 pounds, cotton 449, sugar 5,716 ; 2 smelting houses produced 990,000 pounds of lead ; 25 stores, cap. $65,530 ; 4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 powder m., 1 flouring m., 14 grist m., 10 saw m. Capital in manufac. $23,387. 2 acad. 50 students, 22 sch. 454 schol- ars. Pop. whites 6,447, slaves 1,054, free col'd 14; total, 7,515. Franklin, county, Ark. Situated m the n. w. part of the state, and contains 800 sq. miles. The Arkansas river passes centrally through it. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, on the mar- gins of streams, fertile. Capital, Ozark. There were m 1840, neat cattle 4,776, sheep 1,141, swine 15,123 ; wheat 3,548 bush, produced, Ind. corn 173,51)3, oats 6,737, potatoes 8,657, tobacco 7,759 pounds, cotton 33,012 ; 8 stores, cap. $42,500 ; 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $la,400. 6 .sch. 133 scholars. Pop. whites 2,257, slaves 400, free col'd 8 ; total, 2,665. Franklin, p-t., Hancock co.. Me., 101 e. by N Augusta, 683 W. Situated at the head of Taun- ton bay, a n. branch of Frenchman's bay In- corporated m 1825. It has 2 stores, cap $7 000 ■ 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $3,933. 7 sch. 186 scholars. Pop 502 Franklin, n-t., Merrimac co., N. H 18 n n w. CWord, 499 W. Watered by Pemigewasset and Wmnipisiogee rs., which .afibrd good water power, and here unite and form Merrimac r., which runs centrally through the s. part of the't. In- corporated in 1828. It has 2 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $34,000. 10 sch. 365 scholars. Pop. 1,280. Franklin, p-t., Franklin co., Vt., 70 n. n. w. Montpelier, 550 W. Chartered in 1789, by the name of Huntsburg. Watered by Rocherr. and branches of Missi.'-que r. T\\e siu-face is rough, but the soil well adapted to grazing. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 15 sch. 259 schol- ars. Pop. 1,410. Franklin, p-t., Norfolk co., Mass., 31 s. w.by s. Boston, 424 W. Watered by Charles r. and its branches, which afford good water power. The former forms its n. boundary. Organized in 1778. It has considerable manufactures, espe- cially in straw bonnets, which in 1840 were manu- factured to the value of $164,077. It has 7 stores, cap. $10,500 ; 4 cotton fac. 3,800 sp., 3 giist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac $82,000. 10 sch. 454 scholars. Pop. 1,717. Franklin, p-t., New London co., Ct., 37 s. E. Hartford, 358 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, a gravelly loam, and tolerably fertile, suited to grazing. Shetucket r. runs on its n. E. border. Watered by Susquetonscut r., a branch of Yan- tic r., and Beaver brook, which afford water pow- er. It has 3 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- ufoc $18,000. 10 sch. 293 scholars. Pop. 1,000. Franklin, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 84 s. w. Albany, 344 W. The surface is broken ; soil, a fertile reddish loam. Drained by Oleout cr. and its branches. The v. contains 1 Baptist and 1 3Ietiiodist church, an academy, 6 stores, 100 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. There are in the t., 5 stores, cap. $23,500 ; 3 fulling m., 3 tan- neries, 3 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac $22,150. 1 acad. 250 students, 25 sch. 911 schol- ars. Pop. 3,025. Franklin, t., Frankhn co., N. Y., 25 s. e. Ma- lone, 187 N. Albany. The surface is hilly and mountainous , soil, various. Drained by Sara- nac r. and its tributaries, and by Salmon r. It has several small lakes. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,400. 3 sch. 44 scholars. Pop. 192. P^ranklin, t., Warren co., N.J. Musconetcong cr. runs on its s. w. border. Watered by Pohal- cong cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $8,300. 6 sch. 440 scholars. Pop. 1,347. Franklin, t, Somerset co., N. J., 7 s. e. Som- erville. The surface is undulating, and on the s. w. hilly. Drained by Millstone and Raritan rivers, and Si.\ Mile run. It has 14 stores, cap. $22,500; 5 lumber yards, cap. $27,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 printing office, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac $78,400. 1 college, 115 students, 1 acad. 56 students, 11 sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 3,878. Franklin, t., Bergen co., N. J., 13 n. w. Hack- ensack. The surface is undulating; soil, gravel, loam, and sand, underlaid with sandstone, and generally well cultivated and productive. It has extensive manufactories. It has 10 stores, cap. .$8,600 ; 6 cotton iac 4,398 sp., 4 tanneries, 4 dis- tilleries, 5 paper fac, 15 grist m., 25 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $40,633. 13 sch. 462 scholars. Pop. 4,010. Franklin, t., Gloucester co., N. J., 15 s. K. Woodbury. The surface is level ; soil, sandy, covered with pine forest. Drained by Racoon cr., the sources of Maurice r., and branches of Great Egg Harbor r. It has 5 stores, cap. $12,800 ,- 4 glass houses, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $82,000. 7 sch. 535 scholars. Pop. 2,077. Franklin, p-b., and capital of Venango co., FRA 223 FRA Pa., 210 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 284 W. Situated on the s. side of French cr., at its junction with Alleghany r. Organized 1795. It contains a court house*, jail, 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Cumberland Presbyterian — 2 academies, 11 stores, 1 grist m., 2 forges, 120 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. A bridge, 200 feet long, crosses French cr. There is good steamboat navigation, by boats of 60 or 100 tons, 5 months in the year, on the Alleghany river. A canal is in progress to connect the Alleghany r. at this place with Lake Erie. It has 11 stores, cap. $34,700 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $6,100. 2 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 595. Franklin, Fayette co.. Pa., 9 n. Union. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Watered by Y'oughi- ogheny r. and Redstone cr. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,050. 5 sch. 235 scholars. Pop. 1,396. Franklin, t., Susquehanna co.. Pa. It has 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $550. 5 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 515. Franklin, t., Armstrong co.. Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500 ; 1 woollen lac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 5 grist m., 8 .saw m. Cap. in manufac. $33,910. 3 sch. 71 scholars. Pop. 1,713. Franklin, t., Adams co.. Pa. The surface is level ; soil, red shale. Watered by Conewago and Conecocheague creeks, and branches of Marsh cr. It has 6 stores, cap. $13,500; 1 full- ing m., 2 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, 6 flouring m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $39,400. 6 sch. 215 scholars. Pop. 1,698. Franklin, t., York co.. Pa., 4 Harrisburg, 100 W. Drained by a branch of Bermudian cr. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 tamiery, 3 distiller- ies, 2 grist ra., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $17,000. Pop. 819. Franklin, t., Huntingdon co., Pa. The sur- face is mountainous ; soil, calcareous loam. Drain- ed by the w. branch of Little Juniata r., on its s. boundary, and Warrior's run and Spruce cr. It has 6 stores, cap. $26,200 ; 2 furnaces, 8 forges, 2 woollen fac, 5 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,077. 7 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,376. Franklin, t., Bradford co.. Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 \ 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $5,620. 3 sch. 97 scholars. Pop. 351. Franklin, t., Westmoreland co.. Pa. It has 9 stores, cap. $17,100; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 pottery, 8 flouring m., 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,052. 4 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 2,320. Franklin, t., Greene co., Pa. The surface is rolling ; soil, loam. Drained by Ten Mile creek and its tributaries. It contains Waynesburg borough, the capital of the co. It has 1 store, cap. $2,5(X) ; 1 fulling ni., 1 tannery, 6 distilleries, 6 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $17,715. 6 sch. 153 scholars. Pop. 1,486. Franklin, t., Alleghany co.. Pa. It has2 stores, cap. $1,000 ; 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $1,900. 5 sch. 205 scholars. Pop. 955. Franklin, p-v., Baltimore co., Md., 34 n. An- napolis, 44 W. Situated on the n. bank of the s. branch of Patapsco r., 20 miles from its source. It contains 2 stores, 2 tanneries, various mechan- ics, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. Franklin, p-v., capital of Pendleton co., Va., 171 N. w. Richmond, 171 \V. Situated on the w. side of the s. branch of Potomac r. It con- tains a court house, jail, and about 40 dwellings, or other buildings. Franklin, p-v., capital of Macon co., N. C, 33 w. by s. Raleigh, 561 W. Situated on the w. side of a s. branch of Tennessee r. It contains a court house and several dwellings. Franklin, p-v., capital. Heard co., Ga., 131 w. Milledgeville, 733 W. Situated on the e. side of the Chattahoochee, and contains a court house, jail, 1 Mothodi.st church, and 30 dwellings. Franklin, p-v., and depot, Henry co., Ala., 222 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 830 W. It is on the Mont- gomery and West Point railroad, 33s miles from Montgomery. Franklin, p-v.. Holmes co., Miss., 55 n. .Tack- son, 1,004 W. Situated on Big Cypress cr. Franklin, p-v., capital of St. Mary's par.. La., 144 w. by s. New Orleans, 1,315 W. Situated on the w. side of the Bayou Teche. It contains a court house and several dwellings. Franklin, p-v., capital of Williamson co., Tenn., 18 s. Nashville, 695 W. Situated on the s. side of Harpeth r., and contains a court house, jail, several stores and dwellings. Franklin, p-v., capital of Simpson co., Ky., 164 s. w. Frankfort, 683 W. Situated on the w. side of Drake's cr., a branch of Barren r. It con- tains a court house, jail, a church, and several dwellings. Franklin, jvt., Warren co., O., 84 w. s. w. Columbus, 474 W. Situated on the e. bank of Great Miami r., above the mouth of Clear creek The Miami canal passes through it. It contains 2 churches, and has a printing office, which is- sues a weekly newspaper. Fra.nklin, I., Adams co., O. It has 3 stores, cap. $12,000; 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. 1,355. Franklin, t.. Brown co., O. Pop. 1,199. Fra.nklin, t., Clermont co., O. Ohio r. runs on its .s. border. It has 4 stores, cap. $13,150 ; 2 tan- neries, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufoc. $22,000. 2 sch. 97 scholars. Pop. 2,218. Franklin, t., Coshocton co., O. Situated on the E. side of Muskingkura r. Organized in 1814. Pop. 670. Franklin, t., Columbiana co., O. It has 5 sch. 344 scholars. Pop. 894. Franklin, t., Darke co., O. Pop. 300. Franklin, t., Franklin co., O. Situated on the w. side of Scioto r. Organized in 1804. It has 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 1,116. Franklin, t., Harrison co., O. It has 4 sch, 119 scholars. Pop. 1,117. Franklin, t., Knox co., O. It has 10 sch. 3S9 scholars. Pop. 1,337. Fra.nklin, t.. Licking co., O. The national road passes through it. Pop. 1,131. Fraxkli.n, t., Monroe co., O. It has 1 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 1,137. Franklin, t., Richland co., O. Tlie soil is rich. Drained by the head waters of Mohiccaii cr. It has 341 scholars in schools. Pop. 1,490. Franklin, t., Ross co., O. Situated on the w. side of Scioto r. Pop. 539. Franklin, t., Shelby co., O. It has 1 sch. 15 scholars. Pop. 647. Franklin, t., Jackson co., O. It has 1 store, cap. $200. 2 sch. 58 scholars. Pop. 1,055. Franklin, t., Wayne co., O. It has cap. in manulac. $50. Pop. 1,504. Franklin, t,, Lenawee co., Mich. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,0tX) ; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,.500. 7 sch. 305 scholars. Pop. 1,023. Franklin, p-v., Southfield t., Oakland co., Mich., 23 N. w. Detroit, 550 W. Franklin, p-v., capital, Johnson co., la., 20 s. Indianapolis, 591 W. Situated on the e. side of Youngs cr., on a high blufT, and contains a court house, 2 churches, 2 seminaries, 6 stores, and 400 inhabitants. FRA 224 FRE Franklin, t., Floyd co., la. It has 3 stores, cap 815,000; 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $5,100. Pop. 606. Franklin, t., Henry co., la. It has 1 store, cap. $2,700; I distillery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,450. Pop. 1,532. Franklin, t., Harrison co., la. It has 3 dis- tilleries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 1,113. Franklin, t., Owen co., la. It has 19 stores, cap. $39,425 ; 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 8 dis- tilleries, 1 brewery, 1 flouring m., 25 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $29,565. 1 sch. 22 scholars. Pop. 865. Franklin, t., Putnam co., la. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000; 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,450. 1 sch. 17 scholars. Pop. 996. Franklin, t., Marion co., la. It has 40 stores, cap. $81,000; 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 500 sp., 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 3 printing offices, 2 buideries, 2 weekly and 1 semi-weekly newspapers, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 9 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. .$43,875. Pop. 1,291. Franklin, t., Montgomery co., la. It has 5 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 947. Franklin, t., Washington co., la. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 6 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,500. 5 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. 2,478. Franklin, t., Wayne co., la. It has 5 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. 1,149. Franklin, p-v., Morgan co., 111., 43 w. s. w. Springfield, 815 W. Franklin, p-t., Howard co., Mo., 53 n. w. Jefferson city, 967 W. The v. is pleasantly siU uated on the n. side of the Missouri r., at the mouth of Bonne Femme r. Pop. of the t. 2,015. 4 sch. 125 scholars. Franklin, t., Livingston co.. Mo. Pop. 587. Franklin, p-v., Walworth co.. Wis., 75 s. e. Madison, 798 W. Franklin, t., Milwaukee co., Wis. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. Pop. 248. Franklin, t., Chicot co.. Ark. Pop. 227. Franklin, t., Izard co.. Ark. It has 1 sch. 26 scholars. Pop. 276. Franklin, t., Sevier co.. Ark. It has 1 sch. 12 scholars. Pop. 296. Franklin, t.. Union co., Ark. It has 1 sch. 12 scholars. Pop. 649. Franklin Acadkmy, p-o., Upson co., Ga., 76 w. by s. Milledgeville, 715 W. Franklin City, p-v., Franklin t., Norfolk co., Mass., 28 w. by s. Boston, 427 W. Franklindale, v., Fishkill t., Dutchess co., N. Y. It contains 1 church, 1 calico print fac, 1 comb fac, 1 large flouring m., and 30 or 40 dwellings. Franklindale, p-o., Bradford co.. Pa., 138 n. Harrisburg, 258 W. Franklin Depot, p-o., Southampton co., Va., 80 s. s. E. Richmond, 199 W. Franklin Furnace, p-o., Hardiston t., Sussex CO., N. J., 84 N. Trenton, 252 W. Franklin Furnace, p-v., Green t., Scioto oo O., 105 s. Columbus, 421 W. Franklin Mills, p-v., Franklin t., Porta-'e CO., O., 134 N. E. Columbus, 325 W. Situated on the Cuyahoga r., which has here fine falls creating a great water power. It contains a glass fac, several mills, and a pleasant village, con- taining some fine houses and stores. The Penn- sylvania and Ohio canal passes through the v Franklin Square, p-v., Salem t., Columbi- ana CO., O., 155 N. E. Columbus, 285 W. Situ- ated at the junction of Cherry Fork, and Middle Fork of Little Beaver r. It contains 2 stores, 1 extensive woollen fac, 1 oil m., 1 saw m., and about 30 dwellings, and 151 inhabitants. Franklinto.n, po., Middleburg t., Schoharie CO., N. Y. Franklinton, p-o., Franklin co., N. C, 26 n. E. Raleigh, 262 W. Franklinton, p-v., capital of Washington par., La., 68 n. by w. New Orleans, 1,129 W. Situated on Boguechitto r., and contains a court house, a Methodist church, an academy, 2 stores, and 50 iniiabitants. Franklintown, p-v., York co., Pa., 15 s. s. w. Harrisburg, 100 W. Franklintown, p-v., Northampton co., Va., 168 E. by s. Richmond, 222 W. Franklinville, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 280 w. by s. Albany, 327 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, fertile clay, sandy and gravelly loam. Drained by Ischua and Great Valley crs. It has 3 stores, cap. $1,100; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,035. 8 sch. 381 scholars. Pop. 1,293. Franklinville, p-o., Harford co., Md. Franklinville, {)-v., Randolph co., N. C. Franks, t., St. Irancis co.. Ark. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 565. Frankstown, t., Huntingdon co.. Pa., 116 w. Harrisburg, 164 W. The surface consists of mountain and valley; soil, calcareous loam, in the valleys. Frankstown branch of Juniata r. enters the t. through Frankstown Gap of Dun- ning's Mountain, and receives Beaver Dam creek, on which, w. of HoUidaysburg, commences the railroad portage, across the Alleghany mountain, to Johnstown. It has 1 store, cap. $6,000 ; 1 dis- tillery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,910. 9 sch. 580 scholars. Pop. 1,499. Frankstown, p-b., Frankstown t., Hunting- don CO., Pa., 2 E. Hollidaysburg. Situated on Frankstown branch of Juniata r., and contains about 50 dwellings. It has 3 stores, cap. $ 18,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 saw m., 1 furnace. Cap. in manu- fac. $4,950. Pop. 357. Frazer, p-o., Chester co., Pa., 74 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 131 W. Frazeysburg,p-v., Jackson t., Muskingum co., O., 61 E. Columbus, 354 W. Situated on the Ohio and Erie canal. Frazier's Store, p-o., Lawrence co., la., 77 s. s. w. Indianapolis, 627 W. Frazierville, p-o., Abbeville dist. S. C, 88 w. Columbia, 538 W. Frease's Store, p-o.. Stark co., O., 108 n. e. Columbus, 328 W. Frederica, p-v., Kent co., Del., 13 s. Dover. Situated on the n. sideof Motherkill creek. Frederica, p-v,, Glynn co., Ga., 229 s. E. ^Milledgeville, 733 W. Situated on the w. side of St. Simon's Island. A fort was built here by Gen. Oglethorpe, in 1736, which is in ruins. The V. contains 10 or 15 houses. Frederick, county, Md., extends across the state toward its w. part, and contains 750 square miles. The Potomac r. runs on its s. w. border. Drained by Monococy r. and Cotoctin cr., and their branches. The surface is level, or mode- rately uneven. The soil is generally fertile, and adapted to grain or grazing. Capital, P'rederick. There were in 1840, neat cattle 21,046, sheep 21,375, swine 51,75S; wheat 734,767 bushels produced, rye 221,550, Ind. corn 706,694, buck- wheat 3,520, oats 307,181, potatoes 101,087, silk cocoons 1,435 pounds, tobacco 337,991 ; 102 stores, cap. $339,600 ; 7 lumber yards, capital $6,800 ; 4 furnaces, 9 fuUhig m., 7 woollen fac, FRE 225 FRE 40 tanneries, 12 distilleries, 2 breweries, 3 pot- teries, 3 rope fac, 46 flouring m., 55 grist m., 80 saw m., 2 oil in., 3 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 2 binderies, 1 periodical, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $520,605. 2 colleges, 283 stu- dents, 4 acad. 233 students, 61 sch. 2,291 schol- ars. Pop. whites 28,975, slaves 4,345, free col'd 2,985 ; total, 36,405. Frederick, county, Va. Situated in the n. E. part of the state, and contains 660 sq. miles. Tlie surface is diversified, and the soil is various. Shenandoah river bounds it on the s. and s. e. Opequan, Sleepy, and Back creeks rise in this county, and flow into the Potomac r. The sur- face is uneven and broken ; soil, very fertile. A railroad extends from Winchester to the Balti- more and Ohio railroad, at Harper's Ferry. Cap- ital, Winchester. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 6,989, sheep 13,055, swine 13,262; wheat 173,289 bushels produced, rye 30,630, Ind. corn 300,107, buckwheat 8,454, oats 134,703, potatoes 36,9S5; 49 stores, cap. $237,000; 1 furnace, 4 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 15 tanneries, 7 distil- leries, 2 potteries, 1 rope fac, 25 flourmg m., 20 grist m., 32 saw m., 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in man- ufac. $226,135. 4 acad. 140 students, 5 sch. 134 scholars. Pop. whites 11,119, slaves 2,302, free col'd 821 ; total, 14,242. Frederick, p-t., Montgomery Co., Pa., 77 e. Harrisburg, 170 W. It has4 stores, cap. $11,300 ; 2 tanneries, 2 powder m., 2 potteries, 4 grist m., 6 saw m., 6 oil m. Cap. in manufac $17,000. 4 sch. 269 scholars. Pop. 1,217. Frederick, city, p-v., capital of Frederick co., Md., 75 w. N. w. Annapolis, 43 W. It is the second place in importance in the state, being in ferior only to Baltimore. Situated on Carroll's cr., a branch of Monocoey cr., 3 miles w. of the latter. It is regularly laid out, with wide streets, crossing each other at right angles, many of them paved ; and contains an elegant court house, a jail, and county offices, 12 churches, some of them large and handsome, several banks, several literary and scientific institutions, about 800 dwellings, mostly of stone or brick, many of them elegant, and 5,182 inhabitants. The re- ligious denominations are German Lutherans, German Calvinists, Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Baptists, Methodists, and Roman Catholics. The great road from Baltimore to Wheeling passes through the place ; and a branch railroad, 3 ms. long, connects it with the Baltimore and Ohio rail- road, near the Monocoey viaduct. The country aroimd is exceedingly fertUe, and the trade of this place is extensive. It has 3 commission houses, and 37 retail stores, cap. $132,300; 2 lumber yards, cap. $6,000; 3 furnaces, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 10 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 pottery, 2 rope fac, 10 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 1 periodical, and 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $118,790. 2 acad. 168 students, 10 sch. 356 scholars. Frederick, p-o., Milton t., Trumbull co., C, 157 Columbus, 305 W. Frederick, t., Knox co., O. Pop. 444. Fredericksburg, p-o., Lebanon co.. Pa. Fredericksburg, city, Spottsylvania co., Va., is situated on the s. w. side of Rappahannock r., 110 ms. above the Chesapeake, in 38° 44' n. lat., and 77° 38' w. Ion. 66 e. of n. Richmond, 56 s. s. w. W. Pop. 1830, 3,307 ; 1840, 3,974. The city is regularly laid out, and presents a beautiful appearance from the lieights by which it is sur- rounded. It has a court house, jail, county of- fices, a market, and 5 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 29 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Re- formed Baptist. It is supplied with excellent water from the Rappahannock, in pipes, laid by by a joint-stock CO. The falls of the Rappahan- nock, in the vicinity, afford good water power. It has a flourishing trade, exporting grain, flour, to- bacco, Indian corn, &c. Its exports have been computed at over $1,000,000 annually. It was named in honor of Prince Frederick, father of George 111. There were in 1840, 73 stores, cap. $367,961; 2 tanneries, paints, drugs, &c., cap. $37,0(X) ; 1 grist m., 2 printing offices, 4 semi- weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $ 141,200. 5 acad. 256 students, 7 sch. 156 scholars. Fredericksburg, p-v.. Salt creek t., Wayne CO., O., 98 N. E. Columbus, 353 W. It contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 woollen fac, about 25 mechanic shops, and about 350 in- habitants. Fredericksburg, t., Mu.skingum co., O. It has 1 sch. 57 scholars. Pop. 163. Fredericksburg, p-v., Ray co., Mo., 154 w N. w. JeflTerson city, 1,059 W. Fredericksburg, p-v., Washington co., la., Ills. Indianapolis, 625 W. Situated on Blue r., and has about 50 inhabitants. Frederickshall, p-o., Louisa co., Va., 48 n. w. Richmond, 91 W. Fredon, p-o., Stillwater t., Sussex co., N. J., 74 N. Trenton, 231 W. Fredonia, p-v., Pomfret t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 323 w. by s. Albany, 315 W. Situated 2 miles e. of Lake Erie. Incorporated in 1829, and contains 5 churches, an academy, 6 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 1 furnace, 150 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Hero is an inflammable spring, iho gas of which, (carbonated hydrogen,) is used for lighting the streets, and for dome.stic purposes. Fredo.via, p-t.. Licking co., O., 40 n. e. Co- lumbus, 379 W. It has 2 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 107. Fredonia, p-v., Caldwell co., Ky., 233 w. s. w. Frankfort, 771 W. Fredonia, p-v., Montgomery co., Tenn., 34 N. w. Nashville, 719 W. Fredonia, p-v., capital of Crawford co., la., 122 s. Indianapolis, 641 W. Situated on a high bluff", on the n. side of the Ohio r., at the Great Horse Shoe Bend. It contains a court house and other county buildings, 3 stores, 1 carding and spinning machine, 1 steam grist and saw in., a ship yard, and about 1 10 inhabitants. There are in the t., 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 136. I'redonia, p-v., Williamson co.. 111., 175 s. s. E. Springfield, 826 W. Fredonia, p-v.. Chambers co., Ala., 175 e. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 753 W. Fredonia, p-o., Wa.shtenaw co., Mich. Fredonia, t., Calhoun co., Mich. It has 8 sch. 15 scholars. Pop. 313. Fredonia, p-o., Louisa co., Iowa. Fredensburg, p-v., Schuylkill co.. Pa., 53 n. e. Harrisburg, 163 W. Freedo.m, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 33 n. e. Au- gusta, 628 W. Incorporated in 1813. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,800; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5J0. 'J sch. 469 scholars. Pop. 1,153. Freedcm, p-t., Carroll co., N. IL, 61 n. n. e. Concord, 612 W. Incorporated from Effingham in 1832. The surface is uneven, and the soil is, much of it, fertile. Ossipee lake borders it on the N. It has 4 stores, cap. $3,200 ; 2 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $850. 8 sch. 432 scholars. Pop. 926. FRE 226 FRE Freedom, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 270 w. by s. Albany, 346 W. The surface is level ; soil, a fertile gravelly loam, adapted to grass. Drained by Clear cr., and other tributaries of Cattaraugus cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,200. 14 sch. 415 scholars. Pop. 1,831. Freedom, t., Adams co.. Pa. It has 1 distil- lery, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m. Pop. 465. Freedom, p-b., Beaver co., Pa., 224 w. by n. Harrisburg, 250 W. Situated on the E. bank of Ohio r., 2 ms. from the mouth of Beaver r. It is pleasantly located on ascending ground, and con- tains several manufactories of steam engines and boilers, and a boat-yard, where some of tiie lar- gest and finest steamboats have been built. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,550 ; 1 distillery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,700. 1 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 384 Freedoom, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 50 n. w. Annapolis, 60 W. Freedom, p-t.. Portage co., O., 159 n. e. Co- lumbus, 315 W. The surface is level, and some of it wet, and the soil is fertile. It has 7 sch. 227 scholars. Pop. 888. Freedom, t., Henry co., O. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in jnanufac. $4,000. 1 sch. 8 scholars. Pop. 105. Freedom, t.. Wood co.. Pa. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,500. 1 sch. 28 scholars. Pop. 248. FreedoiM, p-o., St. Joseph co., Mich., 131 w. s. w. Detroit, 580 W. Freedom, t., Washtenaw co., Mich. Pop. 956. Freedom, p-v., Owen co., la., 67 s. w. Indian- apolis, 630 W. Freedom, t., La Fayette co., Mo. It has 3 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 415. Freedom Plains, p-v.. La Grange t., Dutch- ess CO., N. Y., 79 s. Albany, 306 W. It contains 1 store, and several dwellings. Freehold, p-v., Greenville t., Greene co., N. Y., 42 s. by w. Albany, 355 W. It contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 tannery, 1 clothier's works, 20 dwellings, and about 120 inhabitants. Freehold, p-t, capital of Monmouth co., N. .1., 35 s. E. Trenton, 201 W. The soil is a sandy loam, productive with good culture. Tiie v. con- tains a court house, jail, and county offices, 5 churches— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist— an acad- emy, 6 stores, a printing office, and 40 dwellings. A hard fought battle of the revolution occurred here, June 28th, 1778, denominated the battle of Monmouth. There are in the t., 12 stores, cap. $49,500 ; 2 tanneries, 1 1 distilleries, 2 printing offices, 2 daily new.spapers, 11 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,165. 1 acad. 5 stu- dents, 17 sch. 637 scholars. Pop. 6,303. Freehold, Upper, t., Monmouth co., N. J. The surface is level, and the soil, clay, sandy loam, and sand. Tiie soil in the w. part is good, m the .s. e. covered with pine forest. Drained by Millstone r., and Crosswick's, Doctor's, and other creeks. It contains 20 stores, 12 saw m several grist m. with 15 run of stones, 1 fulling m., 3 carding machmes, several tanneries with oO vats, and a number of distilleries. It has 18 sch. 1,200 scholars. Pop. 5,026. ^"i'.'i",2i'?' i' )^^?'"'"®" '''>- P**- It l>as 2 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 1 fulhng m., 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manuiac. $9,695. 5 sch. 133 scholars. Pop. 778. Freem.vn, p-t., Franklin co., Me., 48 n n w Augusta, 637 W. It has a fertile soil, adapted to grain. Watered by a branch of Sandy cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,500; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $500. 7 sch. 387 scholars. Pop. 83S. Freem.vnsbitrg, p-v., Northampton co., Pa., 99 e. n. e. Harrisburg, 192. Freemanton, Effingham co., 111., 90 s. e. Springfield, 719 W. Freeport, p-t., Cumberland co., Me., 34 s. s. w. Augusta, 561 W. Situated at the head of Casco bay. Organized in 1789. The v. is plea- santly situated, and has a small harbor, and some navigation, and ship building. There are in the t. 11 stores, cap. $11,900; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,100. 18 sch. 806 scholars. Pop. 2,662. Freeport, p-b., Buffalo t., Armstrong co.. Pa., 196 w. N. vv. Harrisburg, 228 W. Situated at the confluence of Buffalo cr. with Alleghany r. The Pennsylvania canal passes through the t., crossing the cr. in an aqueduct, and an office is established here for the collection of tolls. It contains 6 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- pal, 1 Baptist, 1 Associate Refonned, 1 Metho- dist, and 1 Roman Catholic — 1 steam saw m., 1 steam grist m., 1 water grist and saw m., 1 tan- nery, numerous mechanic shops, and about 150 dwellings. It has 11 stores, cap. $15,700 ; 1 full- uig m., 1 pottery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,250. 2 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 727. Freeport, p-t, Harrison co., O., 99 e. n. e. Columbus, 304 W. It contains several flouring m. and factories. The v. is situated on Big Still- water cr., a branch of Tuscarawas r., and con- tains 4 churches, 6 stores, 2 warehouses, 25 me- chanic shops, 60 dwellings, and about 300 inhab- itants. The Stillwater is boatable to thi.s place ; and at its mouth, 20 ms. distant, connects with the Ohio canal. It has 5 sch. 323 scholars. Pop. 1,285. Freeport, p-v., Shelby co., la., 29 s. e. In- dianapolis, 560 W. Freeport, p-v., Stephenson co., HI., 200 ms. N. Springfield, 832 W. Situated on the Peeka- tonica r. Freesburg, p-v., Union co.. Pa., 66 n. Harris- burg, 156 W. Freeshade, p-o., Middlesex co., Va., 98 e. Richmond, 169 W. Freetown, p-t., Bristol co., Mass., 42 s. Bos- ton, 427 W. Incorporated in 1683. Situated on the e. side of Taunton r., by a branch of which it is watered. The soil is light, and not very fer- tile. It has considerable manufactures, and some navigation. It has 9 stores, cap. $12,943; 2 fur- naces, 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 9 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $30,500. 1 acad. 25 students, 14 sch. 534 schol- ars. Pop. 1,772. Freetown, p-t., Cortland co., N. Y., 139 w. by s. Albany, 326 W. The surface is undula- ting ; soil, a fertile sandy loam. Drained by tributaries of Toughnioga and Ostelic rivers. It has 1 store, cap. $3,500 ; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,400. 9 sch. 374 scholars. Pop. 950. Freetown Corners, p-o., Freetown t., Cort- land CO., N. Y., 144 w. by s. Albany, 324 W. French Broad, p-o.. Buncombe co., N. C, 265 w. Raleigh, 488 W. French Broad, r., one of the head branches of Tennessee r., rises on the n. side of the Blue Ridge, m Buncombe co., N. C, and enters Ten- nessee through a gap in the mountains, and unites with Holston r. 5 miles above Kno.wille. It is navigable for boats of 15 tons to Dandridge. Its chief branches are Nolachucky r., on tlie N., and Great and Little Pigeon rivers, on the s. FRI 227 FUL French Creek, N. Y. and Pa., rises in Chau- tauque co., N. Y., and passes into Pa., and, run- ning by Meadville, enters the Alleghany r. at Franklin b., Venango co. It is 100 ms. long, and boatable half that distance. French Creek, p-t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 368 w. by s. Albany, 358 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, moist sandy loam, well adapted to grass. Watered by French cr. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,600. 4 sch. 99 scholars. Pop. 621. French Creek, t., Venango co., Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,800 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,800. Pop. 787. French Creek, p-t., Mercer co., Pa., 223 W. N. w. Harrisburg, 297 W. The surface is level \ soil, clay and loam, not very fertile. Drained by French and Sandy creeks. It has 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $350. 6 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 981. French Creek, p-o., Lewis co., Va., 307 w. Richmond, 275 W. It contains 1 Presbyterian church, 1 tannery, various mechanics, and about 70 scattered dwellings. It is an agricultural set- tlement, peopled chiefly from New England. French Creek, p-o., Peoria co.. 111. French Grant, p-o., Green t., Scioto co., O., 110 s. Columbus, 426 W. French Grove, p-o.. Bureau co.. 111. Situated on branches of Spoon r. It contains fine timber groves, surrounded by rich rolling prairie. French Mills, p-o., Bradford co., Pa., 159 n. by e. Harrisburg, 269 W. French Mills, p-o., Onslow co., N. C, 157 s. by E. Raleigh, 387 W. Frenchtown, p-v., Lewis co., Va., 311 w. n. w. Richmond, 279 W. Frenchtown, p-o., Hunterdon co., N. J., 35 N. by w. Trenton, 192 W. Frenchtown, t., Monroe co., Mich. Pop. 833. Frenchville, p-o., Clearfield co.. Pa. French Village, p-v., St. Clair co., III. It contains about 20 or 30 families. Frewsburgh, p-o., Carroll t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 340 w. by s. Albany, 317 W. Frev's Bush, p-o., Canajoharie t., Montgomery CO., N. Y. Friends Grove, p-o., Charlotte co., Va., 98 w. s. vv. Richmond, 188 W. It contains a store, and a tobacco fac, employing 30 hands. Friendship, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 54 s. E. Augusta, 631 W. It has the Atlantic on the s., and Muscongus bay on the w., and contains sev- eral islands. It has considerable navigation and trade. It has 6 stores, cap. $6,400 ; 2 grist m., 3 .saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $2,872. 7 sch. 224 scholars. Pop. 725. Friendship, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 272 w. by s. Albany, 325 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, argillaceous mold, well adapted to grass. Watered by Campaii's cr., a branch of Genesee r. The v. is situated on the line of the New York and Erie railroad, and contains 2 churches, 8 stores, 1 grist m., 90 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. Pop. of the t. 1,244. It has 5 stores, cap. $24,000; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tan- nery, 3 grist m., 17 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,100. Pop. 1,244. Friendship, p-v., Anne Arundel co., Md., 31 N. w. Annapolis, 61 W. Friendship, p-o., Guilford co., N. C, 91 w. N. w. Raleigh, 312 W. Friendship, p-o., Sumter dist., S. C, 81 E. s. E. Columbia, 519 W. Friendship, p-o., Sumter co., Ga., 108 s. w. Milledgeville, 764 W. Friendsville, p-v., Middletown t., Susque- hanna CO., Pa., 175 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 283 W. It contains 1 store, and 6 or 8 dwellings. Friendsville, p-o., Alleghany co., Md., 217 N. w. Annapolis, 175 W. Friendsville, p-o., Wabash co.. 111., 177 s. K. Springfield, 715 W. Friend's Mills, p-o., Warrick co., la. Front Royal, p-v., capital, Warren co., Va^ 139 N. N. w. Richmond, 85 W. Pleasantly situ- ated on Happy cr., 1 mile from the Shenandoah. It contains a court house, 2 churches, 2 acade- mies, several stores, various mechanics, a saw and grist m., 40 dwellings, and about 300 inhabit- ants. Frostborg, p-v., Alleghany CO., Md., 176 n. w. Annapolis, 144 W. Situated on the national road, 10 miles w. of Cumberland. Frostville, p-o., Cuyahoga co., O., 131 n. n. E. Columbus, 371 W. Fruit Hill, p-o.. Providence co., R. I., 4 Providence, 404 W. Fruit Hill, p-v., Clearfield co., Pa., 132 n. w. IIarri.sburg, 222 W. Fruit Hill, p-o., Christian co., Ky., 192 s. w. Frankfort, 728 W. Fruit Hill, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 70 w. by s. Columbia, 544 W. Fryeburg, p-t., Oxford co.. Me., 72 w. s. w. Augusta, 569 W. Situated on both sides of Saco r. Incorporated in 1777. The soil on the r. is fertile ; but otherwise it is light, and not very fertile. The v. is beautifully situated on a plain, surrounded by hills, and contains a Congrega- tional church, and a flourishing academy. Lov- ell's pond, famous in early Indian warfare, lies near the v. 'I'here are in the town 1 academy 60 students, 15 schools, 550 scholars. Population 1,536. Fryer's Ponds, p-o., Burke co., Ga., 94 e. by s. Milledgeville, 617 W. Fullersville, p-v.. Fowler t., St. Lawrence CO., N. Y., 190 N. N. w. Albany, 460 W. It con tains 2 churches, 1 store, 1 furnace, 2 forges, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. A branch of Oswegatchie r. affords water power. Fullersville, p-o., Barbour co., Ala. Fullwood's Store, p-o., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 177 w. s. w. Raleigh, 414 W. FuLTO.N, county, N. Y. Situated n e. of the centre of the state, and contains 500 sq ms. The surface is hilly, with some mountains. The val- leys have a fertile soil. Drained by the Sacan- daga r. and East Canada cr. Capital, Johnstown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 19,982, sheep 32,525, swine 14,042; wheat 25,162 bush, pro- duced, rye 33,573, Ind. corn 59,886, buckwheat 31,011, barley 22,860, oats 245,718, potatoes 402,954, sugar 80,129 pounds; 57 stores, capital $143,825 ; 1 furnace, 1 1 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 23 tanneries, 2 rope fac, 19 grist m., 1.56 saw m., 2 oil m., 7 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 1 bindery, 1 periodical, 2 w^eekly newspapers. Capital in manufac. $541,643. 2 acad. 235 students, 89 sch. 4,059 scholars. Pop. 18,049. Fulton, county, la. Situated toward the n. part of the state, and contains 350 sq. ms. The surface is level. Watered by the head branches of Tippecanoe river. Capital, Rochester. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,130, sheep 1,440, swine 5,246; wheat 9,122 bush, produced, Indian corn 64,626, oats 9,824, potatoes 13,513, sugar 22,748 pounds; 3 stores, cap. $15,000; 1 forge, 1 grist m., 6sawm. Cap. in manufac. $5,100. 3 schools. Pop. 1,993. Fulton, county. 111. Situated toward the n. w. part of the state. Illinois r. runs on its s. e^ GAD 228 GAD border. Watered by Spoon r. and Copperas or. The surface is undulating, consisting of timber land and prairie, and the soil is excellent. Cap- ital Lewiston. There were in 1S40, neat cattle 13,419, sheep r2,019, swine 39,326 ; wheat 105,373 bush, produced, rye 3,825, Indian corn 608.88S, buckwheat 2.386, oats 127,059, potatoes 60,702, tobacco 7,787 pounds, sugar 23,934; 29 stores, cap. $70,335 ; 1 furnace, 5 tanneries, 11 distiller- ies, 18 grist m., 31 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $87,590. 2 acad. 72 students, 47 sch. 1,328 schol- ars. Pop. 13,142. Fulton, t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 9 s. Scho- harie, 42 Albany. The surface is uneven, over- laid with graywacke, of which grindstones are manufactured. The soil in the valleys is fertile. Drained by Schoharie cr. and its tributaries, one of which has a fall of 100 feet. The v., on Scho- harie cr., contains 1 store, 1 grist m., and 12 or 15 dwellings. There are in the t. 2 stores, capital $2,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw- in. Cap. in manufac. $2,750. 13 sch. 671 schol- ars. Pop. 2,147. Fulton, p-v., Volney t., Oswego co., N. Y., 190 w. N. w. Albany, 460 W. Situated on the E. side of Cswego r. A fall here of about 20 feet produces an extensive water power. It contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Meth- odist, and 1 Universalist — 12 stores, 3 flouring m., 8 saw m., 250 dwellings, and about 1,600 in- habitants. Fulton, p-o., Westmoreland co., Pa., 183 w. Harrisburg, 209 W. Fulton, p-t., Hamilton co., O., 120 s. w. by w. Columbus, 496 W. Situated on Ohio r., above and adjoining Cincinnati. It fronts on the r. 2i ms., and extends back to the top of the river hill, half a mile. The v. consists of one extended street. It has 2 extensive lumber yards, 4 steam saw m., and 4 ship yards, where numerous steam- boats are built. About a mile intervenes be- tween the V. and the compact part of the city, so that it has the character of a separate village. There are in the t., 3 sch. 143 scholars. Pop. 1,506. Fulton, p-v., Lawrence t.. Stark co., O., (p-o. called Canal Fulton,) 125 Columbus, 330 W. Situated on the Ohio canal, and contains 6 stores, 6 large warehouses, 1 steam saw m., 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 90 dwellings, and about 500 inhabit- ants. Fulton, p-v., Barry co., Mich., 140 w. by n. Detroit, 605 W. Fulton, p-v., Davie co., N. C, 156 w. Raleigh, 364 W. Fulton, p-v., Sumter dist., S. C, 69 e. by s. Columbia, 509 W. Fulton, p-v., Hempstead co.. Ark., 126 s. w. Little Rock, 1,191 W. Situated on the n. side of Red r. Fulton, p-v., Whitesides co., 111., 185 n. by w. Springfield, 865 W. Fulton, p-v., capital of Callaway co., Mo., 22 N. E Jefferson city, 917 W. Situated on Riviero an Vases, 12 ms. n. Missouri r. It contains a court house, 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- tist — 2 academies, 8 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. Pop. of the t. 3,052. Fulton, t.. Fountain co., la. It has 141 schol- ars in schools. Pop. 657. Fulton, p-v., Lauderdale co., Tenn., 200 w. Nashville, 8-i2 W. Situated on the e. side of the Mississippi r., 2 ms. above the mouth of the Big Hatchee, on a beautifid bluff. It has 1 large warehouse and a few dwellings. Fulton, p-v., capital of Itawamba co., 3Iiss., 210 N. E. Jackson, 875 W. Situated on the e. fork f)f Tombigbee r. It contains a court house and a few dwellings. Fultoniiam, p-o., Fulton t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 42 w. Albany, 380 W. Fultonham, p-v., Uniontovm t., Muskingum CO., O., 57 E. Columbus, 348 W. The v. contains 1 Lutheran and 1 Baptist church, 4 stores, 12 or 15 mechanic shops, and about 60 dwellings. Jon- athan's cr., on which is a great number of mills, runs in sight of the v. P'uLTONviLLE, p-v.. Glen t., Montgomery co., N. Y., 43 w. N. w. Albany, 407 W. Situated on the s. side of Mohawk r., on the Erie canal. It contains 1 Dutch Reformed church, 4 stores, 2 groceries, a dry dock and boat yard, 60 dwell- ings, and about 400 inhabitants. A bridge here crosses the Mohawk. Fulton Lakes, N. Y., a chain of 8 small lakes, lying in Herkimer and Hamilton counties. They are connected by navigable outlets, and discharge their waters into Moose r., a branch of Black r. FuNDY, Bay of, sets up between Cape Sable, the s. point of Nova Scotia, and Mount Desert isl- and, in Maine, a distance of 150 ras. From East- port to St. Johns, N. B., is 60 ms. The bay is divided, in its n. e. part, into 2 branches, the n. w. called Chignecto bay, the head of which is 170 ms. from Eastport. The s. e. part is called the Basin of Mines, 150 miles from Eastport. Gypsum is obtained on the Basin of Mines, and grindstones on Chignecto bay. The tide rises at Eastport 25 feet, at St. Johns 30, at Windsor 60, at the head of Chignecto bay 71 feet. The tide comes in with amazing rapidity, and swine are often overtaken and drowned wliile feeding on shell-fish. Funkstown, p-v., Washington co., Md., 99 n. w. Annapolis, 67 W. Situated on the e. bank of Antictam cr., a tributary of the Potomac, 22 N. w. Frederick. Furnace, p-o., Vermillion t., Erie co., O., 117 N. Columbus, 391 W. Furnace Village, p-v., Salisbury t., Litch- field CO., Ct., 51 w. N. w. Plartford, 335 W. Here is a large pond, the outlet of which affords water power, and on which is a large furnace. The ore which supplies it is obtained from a rich ore bed in the w. part of the t., on the border of the state of New York. G. Gaddysville, p-o., Robeson co., N C 122 s s. w. Raleigh, 4(X) W. ' •) • Gadsden, county, Flor. Situated in the cen- tral part of the ter., and extends from Georgia to the Gulf of Moxic(j. Dog Island, on the coast, belongs to it. Ocklockony r. runs on its e border and the Appalachicola r. on the w. The land on the Appalachicola and some other streams is good, some is pine barren, and some of it, partic- ularly in the s., is low and marshy. Capital, Quincy. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,497, sheep 1,878, swine 12,943 ; Indian corn 183,400 bush, produced, oats 3,314, potatoes 57.36S, rice 113,900 pounds, tobacco 66,324, cotton 1,833,549, sugar 114,100 ; 1 tannery, 14 grist m., 9 saw m., jrinting office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. m inufac .' $86,700. 8 acad. 336 students, 1 school. in -1992 sug Ip manufac Pop. 5,992. GAL 229 GAL Gainer's Store, p-o., Pike co., Ala., 179 s. e. Tuscaloosa, 875 W. (Junes, p-t., Orleans co., N. Y., 252 w. N. w. Albany, 3'.15 W. The surface is generally le%"el ; soil, a fertile clay loam. Drained by branches of Oak Orchard cr. The v. is situated on the llidge road. Incorporated in 1832. It has 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist — an academy, 4 stores, 1 tannery, 80 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. There are in the t., 6 stores, cap. $19,6,50 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m. 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,550. lacad. 156 students, 14 sch. 749 scholars. Pop. 2,268. Gaines, t., Tioga co.. Pa. It has 3 saw m., 1 sch. 19 scholars. Pop. 215. Gaineshorough, p-v., Frederick co., Va., 154 N. N. w. Richmond, 82 W. It contains 2 church- es — 1 Methodist and 1 Friends — 2 tanneries, and various mechanic shops, 30 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. In the vicinity is 1 woollen fac. and 2 flouring m. Gaines BOROUGH, p-v., capital of .lackson co., Tenn., 73 e. n. e. Nashville, 631 W. Situated on the s. side of Cumberland r. It has a court house and several stores and dwellings. Gaines (^ross Roads, p-v., Rappahannock co., Va., 118 N. N. w. Richmttnd, 70 W. It contains 1 Baptist church, 1 store, and 10 dwellings. Gainesville, p-t., Wyoming co., N. Y., 252 w. Albany, 357 W. The surface is rolling or hilly ; the soil, fertile, and well adapted to grass. Drained by Allen's or., and another tributary of Genesee r. The v. contains 1 church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 25 or 30 dwellings. There are in the t., 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., Ssawm. Cap. in manufac. $15,500. 19 sch. 79S scholars. Pop. 2,367. Gainesville, p-v., capital of Hall co., Ga., 118 N. N. w. Milledgeville, 621 W. Situated 3 ms. E. of the Chattahoochee r. Il has a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Presbyterian — 10 stores, and 300 inhabit- ants. Gaine.sville, p-v., Sumter co., Ala., 54 s. w. Tuscaloosa, 872 W., 327 by r. from Mobile. Sit- uated on the w. side of the Tombigby r., and contains 18 stores, and about 1,200 inhabitants. Galen, t., Wayne co., N. Y., 5 e. Lyons, 172 w. by N. Albany. The surface is hilly; soil, a fertile sandy and gravelly loam. Drained by Clyde r. The Erie canal passes through it. It has 20 stores, cap. $89,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tanne- ry, 2 glass fac, 3 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m. < 'ap. in manufac. $53,500. 1 acad. 223 students, 13 sch. 911 scholars. Pop. 4,234. Galena, p-v., Berkshire t., Delaware co., O., 21 N. Columbus, 399 W. It was formerly called Zoar. Galena, city, p-v., and capital of Jo-Daviess CO., 111., 230 N. w. Springfield, 882 W. It is pleas- antly situated on Ftve, or Bean r., and is the me- tropolis of the great lead region. It is 6 miles above the mouth of the r., which is navigable to this place, at all stages of the water, for the larg- est steamboats. It has an intercourse by steam- boats with St. Louis, New Orleans, Louisville, Cincinnati, and other places on the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. It contains 5 churches — 1 Bap- tist, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — 35 stores, 1 academy, 1 flour- ing m., 1 saw m., various mechanic establishments, 300 dwellings, and about 1,500 inhabitants. First settled in 1826. In this region there were pro- duced in 1841, 22,000,000 pounds of lead, most of which linds a market in this place. The manu- facture of copper is also becoming important, and 3 furnaces are engaged in smelting it. Galena, t., Franklin co. Mo. It has 2 acad. 50 students, 1 sch. 18 scholars. Pop. 803. Gales, po., Thompson t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 103 s. w. Albany, 286 W. Galesburg, pv., Knox co.. 111., 105 n. n. w. Springfield, 834 W. Galesburg, p-v., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 137 w. Detroit, 596 W. Gales Ferry, po., Ledyard t.. New London CO., Ct., 7 N. New London, 47 s. e. Hartford, 360 W. It contains about 30 dwellings. Galesvillk, p o., Greenwich t., Washington CO., N. Y., 39 N. N. E. Albany, 409 W. Galion, p-v., Sandusky t., Richland co., O., 68 N. N. E. Columbus, 394 W. It contains 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Gallagher's Mills, p-o., Franklin co.. Mo., 100 E. Jefferson city, 879 W. Gallant Green, p-o., Charles county, Md., 74 s. w. Annapolis, 49 W. Gallatia, Gallatin co.. 111., 177 s. s. e. Spring- field, 794 W. Gallatin, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part of the state, on the Ohio r., and contains 175 sq. ms. Eagle r., a branch of Kentucky r., runs on its s. border, and the Kentucky river runs through its centre. Surface, undulating; soil, fertile. Capital, Warsaw. There were m 1840, neat cattle 2,676, sheep 4,185, swine 6,540; wheat 27,669 bushels produced, rye 2,940, Indian corn 144,400, oats 13,63.5, potatoes 5,259, tobacco 198,780 pounds ; 9 stores, cap. $32,000 ; 1 tan- nery, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 9 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, ("ap. in manufac. $39,280. 6 sch. 176 scholars. Pop. whites 3,361, slaves 604, free col'd 3:^ ; total, 4,003. Gallatin, county. 111. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 760 sq. ms. Or- ganized in 1812. The Wabash and Ohio rivers run on its e. border. The soil is generally sandy, resting on slate. Salt springs exist. Cap- ital, Equality. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,254, sheep 5,349, swine 29,106; wheat 37,588 bushels produced, Ind. corn 504,225, oats 55,958, potatoes 7,661, tobacco 63,190 pounds, cotton 2,253, salt 17,000 bushels; 39 stores, capital $259,300 ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 6 saw m., 2 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $47,200. 22 sch 556 scholars. Pop. 10,760. Gallatin, p-v., Allen co., O., 113 n. w. Co- hunbus, 484 W. (iALLATiN, p-v., capital of Sumner co., Tenn., 26 N. E. Nashville, 667 W. Situated 3 miles n. of the Cumberland r. It has a court house, jail, 3 churches, 2 female and 3 male academies, a large female seminary with 120 students ; 12 stores, and 999 inhabitants. Gallatin, p-v., Parke co., la., 78 w. Indian- apolis, 650 W. Gallatin, p-v., capital of Copiah co., Miss., 37 s. by w. Jackson, 1,047 W. Situated on the E. side of Bayou Pierre r., in the heart of a fine cotton-growing country. It has a court house and several neat dwellings. Gallatin, p-t., capital of Davies co.. Mo., 189 N. w. Jefferson city, 1,092 W. The v. is situated 1 m. s. of the west fork of Grand r. It has a brick court house, and 150 inhabitants. There are in the t., 4 sch. 73 scholars. Pup. 1,467. Gallatin, t, Columbia co., N. Y., 15 s. e. Hudson, 44 s. by e. Albany. Tlie surface is hilly, and the soil various. It has Charlotte Lake in its N. part, from which flows Dove cr. Roe- ]iff Jansen's cr. drains its s. part. It has 3 GAM 230 GAR stores, cap. #9,000; 2 fulling m., 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufuc. $3,400. 6 sch. 451 scholars. Pop. 1,644. Gallatinville, p-o., Gallatin t., Columbia county, IN- Y., 48 s. Albany, 332 W. Gallatins, r., one of the s. w. sources of the Missouri r. Flowing northwardly, it unites with Madison and JefTerson rivers to form the Mis- souri river. Gallia, county, O. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, on Ohio r., and contains about 500 sq. ras. The surface is generally hilly and broken, and the soil poor, excepting on the Ohio river, where it is fertile. Drained by Racoon cr., and some smaller tributaries of the Oluo. Its earlier settlers were from France, whence it derived its name. First settled in 1790. Capital, Gallipolis. There were in 1810, neat cattle 11,886, sheep 20,528, swine 17,884; wheat 124,028 bushels produced, Indian corn 327,967, oats 1 15,431, potatoes 28,343, sugar 49,925 pounds ; 43 stores, cap. $49,134; 1 forge, 1 fulling m., 11 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 17 grist m., 24 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufao. $59,250. 75 scholars in schools. Pop. 13,444, Gallipolis, p-t., capital of Gallia co., O., 100 s. E. Columbus, 358 W. It is pleasantly situ- ated on the w. bank of Ohio r. It has 2 church- es, a jail, an academy, 15 stores, 3 steam m., a printing office, and 80 dwellings, many of them nandsome brick edifices. Near the academy is a serai-globular mound, 18 or 20 rods in circum- ference, at its base, a monument of early times. The v. was organized in 1810. There are in the t, 18 stores, cap. .$24,704; 2 tanneries, 1 printing of- fice, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 sawm. Cap. in manufac. $37,730. Pop. 1,413. Galley Rock, t.. Pope co., Ark. It has 1 sch. 14 scholars. Pop. 219. Galloway, t., Atlantic co., N. J. Drained by Nacote cr. The surface is even ; soil, sandy salt marsh on the s. It has 7 stores, cap. $9,700 ; 1 glass fac, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $47,500. 8 sch. 616 scholars. Pop. 2,208. Gallupsvillk, p-o., Schoharie t., Schoharie CO., N. Y., 27 w. Albany, 388 W. Gallum, p-o.. Perry co.. 111., 166 s. Spring- field, 848 wf Galway, p-t., Saratoga co., N, Y., 36 n. n. w. Albany, 404 W. The surface is undulating and hilly ; .soil, clay loam, and well cultivated. Drained by a branch of Kayaderosseras and by Chucteuunda creeks. It has 6 stores, capital $23,900 ; 4 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,375. 1 acad. 37 students, 13 sch. 428 scholars. Pop. 2,412. Galvkzton, v., Ascension parish. La. It is on the s. side of the Iberville r., opposite the junction of Amite r. Gambier, p-v.. Pleasant t., Knox co., O., 56 n. K. Columbus, 371 W. It was laid out in 1826, m the centre of a tract of 4,000 acres, belonging to Kenyon College. Tliis institution was found- ed m 1826, by funds obtained in England. It is under the direction of the Episcopalians, has a president and 1 1 professors, or other instructors, bl alumni 8 of whom have been ministers of the the gospel, 55 students, besides those in the pre- paratory department, and 8,720 vols, in its li- braries. The commencement is on the 1st Wed- nesday m September. The v. was named after Lord Gambler, and is beautifully situated on a high and level ridge of land, encompassed on 3 sides by Vernon r. It contains 4 stores a prmlmg oflice, 1 acad. 25 students, 50 dvvelline.s end 292 inhabitants. The buildings of Kenyon College are 4 in number, the principal of which is an elegant Gothic edifice of hewn stone, 190 feet long, and 4 stories high. Gamble's, p-o., Alleghany co.. Pa., 156 w. Har- risburg, 212 W. Ganges, p-o., Richland co., O., 75 n. n. e. Co- lumbus, 390 W. Gansevoort, p-o., Northumberland t., Sara- toga CO., N. Y., 49 N. Albany, 419 W. Gap, p-o., Sadsbury t , Lancaster co.. Pa., 54 s. E. Harrisburg, 114 W. Situated at the e. foot of the Mine Ridge. Gap Creek, p-o., Knox co., Tenn., 195 e. Nashville, 510 W. Gap Grove, p-o., Jo-Daviess co.. 111., 167 n. Springfield, 830 W. Gap Mills, p-o., Monroe co., Va. Gardiner, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 6 s. Au- gusta, 594 W. Situated on the w. side of Ken- nebec r. Cobbeseconte r. here enters the Ken- nebec, and for more than a mile has a continued succession of falls, affording an extensive water power. The v. contains an Episcopal and a Meth- odist church, a bank, and a lyceum. There are in the t., 34 stores, cap. $63,450 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 peri- odical, 1 weekly newspaper, 6 tanneries, 1 pot- tery, 5 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $87,050. 1 acad. 70 students, 21 sch. 2,086 schol- ars. Pop. 5,042. Gardner, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 5S n. n. w. Boston, 418 W. The surface is uneven, and the soil good for grazing. Watered by a branch of Miller's r., which affords water power. In- corporated in 1785. It has 2 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $108,633. 6 sch. 317 scholars. Pop. 1,260. Gardiner's Bay, N. Y., is a considerable ex- panse of water, at the E. end of Long Island, somewhat in a circular form, 8 miles in diameter, between Gardiner's Island and the main land. Gardiner's Island, N. Y., Ues oflT the e. end of Long Island, and is 4 miles long and 2 wide. Settled by a man of the same name, from Scot- land, in 1639, whose descendants still occupy it. It is highly cultivated. Gardiner's Lake, p-o.. New London co., Ct., 34 s. E.Hartford, 347 W. Gardner, p-o., Morgan co., O., 92 e. Colum- bus, 314 W. Gardner's Bridge, p-o., Martin co., N. C, 151 E. Raleigh, 275 W. Gardner's Ford, p-o., Cleveland co., N. C, 192 w. s. w. Raleigh, 429 W. Gardnersville, p-o., Seward t., Schoharie CO., N. Y., 47 w. Albany, 392 W. Gardnersville, p-o., Weakley CO., Tenn., 134 w. Nashville, 820 W. Garland, p-t., Penobscot co., Me., 98 n. n. e. Augusta, 693 W. The soil is fertile, and adapted to grain. Watered by head branches of Kandus- keag stream. Incorporated in 1811. It has I store, cap. $500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 7 schools, 350 scholars. Pop. 1,065. Garland's, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 85 n. n. w. Richmond, 135 W. Garlandsville, p-o., Jasper co.. Miss., 94 E. s. e. Jackson, 972 W. Garnettsville, p-v., Mead co., Ky., 83 w. Frankfort, 623 W. Garoga, p-o., Ephratah t., Fulton co., N. Y., 54 w. N. w. Albany, 400 W. Garrard, county, Ky. Situated a little E. of the central part of the state, and contains 240 sq. ms. Kentucky r. runs on its n. border, Dicks r. runs on its s. w., and Paint Lick cr. on its n. e border. The soil is highly productive. Capital, GAT 231 GEN Lancaster. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,120, sheep 17,532, swine 35,712 ; wheat 57,941 bush, produced, rye 3S,184, Ind. eorn 576,495, oats 140,130, potatoes, 16,554, tobacco 472,480 pounds, sugar 35,888 ; 22 stores, cap. $108,700 ; 6 tanneries, 22 distilleries, 7 flouring m., 34 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $78,863. 4 acad. 150 students, 15 sch. 390 scholars. Pop. ■whites 7,110, slaves, 3,283, free col'd 87; total, 10,480. Garrattsville, p-o., New Lisbon t., Otsego CO., N. Y., 86 w. Albany, 349 W. Garrettsburg, p-v., Christian co., Ky., 224 s. w. Frankfort, 748 W. Garrett's Factory, p-c, Giles co., Tenn., 67 s. Nashville, 717 W. Garrettsville, p-v., Nelson t.. Portage co., O., 86 N. e. Columbus, 349 W. Gary.sburgh, p-v., Northampton co., N. C, 98 N. E. Raleigh, 201 W. Situated at the junction of the Portsmouth and Roanoke railroad with the Petersburg!! and Roanoke railroad. Garysville, p-o., Prince George co., Va., 38 s. E. Richmond, 157 W. Gasconade, r., Mo., rises in Pulaski co., and after a course of 140 ms., affording extensive water power, enters the 3Iissouri on the s. side, in Gasconade co., 100 ms. from its mouth. Gasconade, county, Mo. Situated in the cen- tral part of tlie state, and contains 400 sq. ms. The surface is uneven and broken ; but on the level land the soil is good, and on the rivers very fertile. Iron ore and sulphur are found in abun- dance, and saltpetre in caves. Limestone, and a good substitute for burr, used in millstones, are found. Drained by branches of Gasconade r. and Bourbeuse cr. Capital, Hermon. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,.59Q, .sheep 3,470, swine 10,971 ; wheat 7,149 bush, produced, Ind. com 136,880, oats 10,818, potatoes 6,973, tobacco 24,628 pounds; 18 stores, cap. $25,510. Pop. whites 4,987, slaves 342, free col'd 1 ; total, 5,330. Gasconade, p-v., Gasconade co., Mo., 36 s. by E. Jefferson city, 900 W. Situated on the e. side of Gasconade r. Gasparilla Sound, Flor., extends from Clini inlet on the w. coast of the peninsula, 6 miles to Charlotte bay, and is about 2 ms. wide. Clini inlet into this sound has 4 feet of water, and Gasparilla inlet has 6 feet of water on the bar. Gaston, p-v., Northampton co., N. C, 87 n. e. Raleigh, 201 W. Situated on the N. side of Roanoke r., at the termination of the Raleigh and Gaston railroad. Gaston, p-o., Sumter co., Ala., 89 s. w. Tus- caloosa, 907 W. Gasper, t., Preble co., O. Pop. 836. Gates, county, N. C. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, bordering on the stale of Va., and contains 353 sq. ms. Chowan r. runs on its s. w. border, and Blackvvater r. on its w. Capi- tal, Gatesville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,691, sheep 3,102, swine 15,358; wheat 2,951 bush, produced, rye 1,270, Ind. ccM-n 192,815, oats 10,329, potatoes 91,552, cotton 86,591 pounds ; 10 stores, cap. $49,200 ; 89 distilleries, 4 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,200. 1 acad. 48 students, 5 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. wliites 4,137, slaves 3,642, free col'd 3:^2 ; total, 8,161. Gates, ]>t., Monroe co., N. Y., 3 w. Rochester, 225 w. N. w. Albany, 372 W. Tlie surface is undulating ; soil, sandy, gravelly, and clay loam. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 tannery, 9 sch. 426 scholars. Pop. 1,728. Gates' Mills, p-v., Mayfield t., Cuyahoga co., O., 159 N. N. E. Coluntbus, 347 W. Situated on Chagrin r. Organized in 1835. It has 1 fulling m., 1 carding machine. Pop. about 100. Gatesville, p-v., capital of Gales co., N. C, 214 E. N. E. Raleigh, 253 W. Situated at the forks of Bennett's cr., a small branch of Chowan r. It contains a court house, and several stores and dwellings. Gauley Bridge, p-v., Fayette co., Va., 277 w. Richmond, 314 W. Situated at the falls of the Great Kanawha r. The r. is here 500 yards wide, and has a perpendicular fall of 22 feet. The Kanawha is navigable to this point. It lias 2 stores, 1 flouring m., and 2 saw m. The scenery around is exceedingly wild and picturesque. Gauley, r., Va., rises on the w. side of the Alleghany mountains, and flowing a little s. of w., falls into Great Kanawha r. on the n. side, a little above the great falls. Gavhead, p-o., Greene co., N. Y., 39 s. w. Albany, 351 W. Gaylesville, p-v., Cherokee eo., Ala., 158 n. E. Tuscaloosa, 672 W. Situated on the w. side of the Coosa r. Gaylord's Bridge, p-o., Litchfield co^ Ct., 58 w. Hartford, 315 W. Gaysville, p-v., Windsor co., Vt., 39 s. by e. Montpelier, 478 W. Geauga, county, O. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. The soil is fertile, and heavily timbered. Watered by the head branelies of Cuyahoga and Cliagrin rivers. Iron ore is abundant. Capital, Chardon. There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,004, sheep 31,949, swine 12,467; wheat 92,511 bush, pro- duced, rye 1,297, Ind. corn 120,319, buckwheat 3,593, barley 2,553, oats 81,993, potatoes 120,223, sugar 351,710 pounds, 25 stores, cap. $31,875 ; 3 fulling m^ 7 tanneries, 21 grist m., 54 saw m., 1 printing office. Cap. in manufac. $27,144. 2 acad. 89 students, 115 sch. 4,796 scholars. Pop 16,297. Gebhart's, p-o., Somerset co., Pa., 148 w. Harrisburg, 174 W. Geddes, p-v., Salina t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 133 w. N. w. Albany. Geiger's Mills, p-o., Berks co., Pa., 62 e. Harrisburg, 140 W. Geneganstlet, i>o., Greene t., Chenango co., N. Y., 122 w. Albany, 316 W. Genesee, r, N. Y., rises in Potter co.. Pa., and passing into the state of New York, pursues a northwardly course to Lake Ontario. Its whole course is about 145 ms., 125 of which are in the state of New York. At Rochester, within the distance of 3 miles, it descends by several falls and rapids 226 feet, affording an immense water power. It is navigable for steamboats 4 ms. to Carthage, and above the falls at Rochester, it is boatable for about 20 ms. The Genesee Valley canal passes along and near this river, and is fed by it for a great distance. In the town of Por- tage, Alleghany co,, are three falls, one of 60, one of 90, and one of 1 10 feet, within the space of 2 miles. Along the r. for 3 miles are perpendicu- lar walls of stone 400 feet high, to which depth the r. has worn a channel in The solid rock. Genesee, county, N. Y. Situated toward the w. part of the state, and contains 473 sq. ms. The surface is gently undulating, and the .'^oil is chiefly sandy or gravelly loam, very fertile, adapted alike to grass and to gniin. Drained by Allen's, Black, and Tonawanda creeks. Iron ^ ore, water limestone, and salt springs are found. " Capital, Batavia. There were in 1840, neat cattle 55,498,sheep 154,393, swine 48,792: wheat 91 1.596 bush, produced, rye 4,869, Ind. corn 232,576, buckwheat 19,427, barley 85,832, oats 692,11^, GEN 232 GEO potatoes 608,288, sugar 530,033 pounds; 2 com. houses, cap. $12,000; 136 stores, cap. ,$555,650; 6 furnaces, 36 fulling m., 8 woollen fac, 34 tan- neries, 3 distilleries, 1 brewery, 12 flouring m., 46 grist m., 136 saw m., 2 oil m., 6 printing offi- ces, 7 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $607,538. 13 acad. 1,262 students, 380 sch. 14,911 scholars. Pop. 59,587. Genesee, county, Mich., central in the n. e. partof the settled portion of the state, and contains 504 sq. ms. The surface is rolling, and the soil a fertile sandy loam. Watered by Flint and Sliiawassee rivers, the former of which affords good water power. Capital, Flint. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,468, sheep 1,007, swine 6,540; wheat 37,397 bu.sh. produced, Ind. corn 17,675, oats 26,766, potatoes 41,442, sugar 37,306 pounds ; 20 stores, cap. $63,000 ; 1 distillery, 3 flouring m., 10 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $38,300. 23 sch. 479 scholars. Pop. 4,268. Genesee, t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 20 s. w. Angelica, 280 w. by n. Albany. The surface is elevated and broken, and the soil sandy loam. Watered by Little Genesee and Swan creeks. It has 2 stores, cap. .$4,000 ; 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,925. 3 sch. 93 scholars. Pop. 578. Genesee, t.. Potter co., Pa. It has 1 gnst m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,500. 2 sch. 39 scholars. Pop. 127. Genesee, p-t., Genesee co., Mich., 65 n. w. Detroit, 589 W. Flint r. passes centrally through it. It contains a United States land office. Pop. 425. Genesee, t., Milwaukee co.. Wis. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. Pop. 238. Genesee Fort, p-c. Potter co.. Pa., 171 n. n. W . Harrisburg, 287 W. Gene.see Grove, p-o., Whitesides co.. 111. Genesee Valley, p-o., Amity t., Alleghany CO., N. Y., 272 Albany, 326 W. Geneseo, p-t., capital of Livingston co., N. Y., 230 w. Albany, 347 W. The surface consists of elevated terraces and valleys ; the soil is fertile, particularly on the Genesee r. Watered by sniall tributaries of the Gene.see r. The v. is situated on elevated table land, half a mile e. of Genesee r. Incorporated in 1832. It contains a court house, jail, fire-proof county clerk's office, 3 churches— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist— a bank, the Livingston county high school, whicli has a large 3 story brick building, 10 stores, 120 dwellings, and about 900 inhabit- ants. There are in the 1. 18 stores, cap. $109,850 ; 2 furnaces, 1 tannery, 2 printing offices, 2 week- ly newspapers, 1 flouring ra., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $38,230. 1 acad. 100 students, 15 sch. 764 scholars. Pop. 2,892. Geneseo, p-v., capital of Henry co., 111., 146 N. N. w. Springfield, 875 W. Geneva, p-v., Seneca t., Ontario co., N. Y. Beautifully situated near the northern extremity of Seneca Lake, on its w. side. In the n. part of the v., the land rises gradually from the land- mg place on the lake shore, until it attains a com- manding elevation ; and along this part are the principal business situations ; toward the s. part ot the V. a street runs along the high bank of the lake, from which is a delightful view of it and the surrounding country. Incorporated in 1812 It • ZTVn ? ?'Tr'^'-} ^e^^byterian, 1 Episco- ?f,'. ?T^^ ^*^«;r'n«M Associate Reformed, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 African Baptist, 1 Univer- sahst, ami 1 Roman ratholic-2 banks, 50 stores, Z printing offices, 1 steam flouring m., 1 saw m 2 furnaces, 2 breweries, 500 dwellings, and about 3,600 inhabitants. Geneva College, incorpcrated in 1825, has a president, 5 acad. prof., a tutor, and 70 students. Besides the college library, there are 2 society libraries of about 2,500 vols, each, a cabinet of minerals, philosophical and ample chemical apparatus. Geneva Med. College was established in 1834, and in 1841 liberally endowed with funds by the state for the erection of build- ings, &c. It has a dean, register, 6 professors, and 175 students. Geneva, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 195 n. e. Co- lumbus, 350 W. Situated on the s. shore of Lake Erie, and has 3 stores, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Pop. 1,215. Geneva, p-v., Morgan co., 111., 41 w. s. w. Springfield, 821 W. Geneva, p-v.. Dale co., Ala. Geneva, p-t., Walworth co., Wis., 75 s. E. Madison, 790 W. Pop. 595. Genito, p-v., Powhatan co., Va., 28 w. Rich- mond, 145 W. It has 1 store and 6 dwellings. Genoa, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 161 w. Al- bany, 319 W. Situated on Big Salmon creek. The v. has 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Universalist — 3 stores, 1 iron foundry, 2 grist m., 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t., 7 stores, cap. $61,500; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $70,690. 21 sch. 1,039 scholars. Pop. 2,593. Genoa, p-t., Delaware co., O., 23 n. Columbus, 401 W. Situated in the s. part of the co. It lias 8 schools, 165 scholars. Pop. 1,193. Genoa, p-t., Livingston co., Mich., 48 w. n. w. Detroit, 549 W. It has 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,000. 7 sch. 165 scholars. Pop. 504. Genoa, p-v., De Kalb co.. 111., 217 n. n. e. Springfield, 788 W. Gentry, county, Mo., situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 500 sq. ms. Wa- tered by the w. fork of Grand r. (Unorganized.) Gentsville, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. C, 106 w. Columbia, 534 W. George's, t,, Fayette co.. Pa. It has 6 stores, cap. $18,900; 1 furnace, 2 forges, 1 tannery, I pottery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,155. 5 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 2,371. George, t., Ottawa co., Mich. It has 1 tan- nery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,000. George's Creek, p-o., Lawrence co., Ky., 170 E. Frankfort, 448 W. George, lake, or Horicon, N. Y., separates Warren from Washington counties, lying partly in both, and has its outlet into Lake Champlain. It is 230 feet above the Hudson r., and is 36 ms. long, and from 2 to 3 wide, and is said to have as many islands as there are days in the year. In picturesque scenery, it is unsurpassed in the United States, perhaps in the world. On ac- count of the purity of its waters, the French called it Lac Sacrament, the bottom being vLsible to the depth of 30 or 40 feet. Its shores contain the remains of several old forts, memorable in the French and revolutionary wars. A steamboat plies regularly on the lake. Its outlet affords good water power. Georgesville, p-v., Pleasant t., Franklin co., O., 13 s. w. Columbus, 406 W. Organized in 1816. Situated on Little Darby cr., and in Iho immediate vicinity, just above its mouth, are 1 grist m. and 1 saw m. Georgetown, district, S. C. Situated in the E. part of the state, and contains 1,040 sq. miles. Santee r. runs on its s. border. Watered by Great Pedee and Waccamaw rivers, which enter Winyaw bay. The surface is level, and to some GEO 233 GEO extent marshy, but the soil is very productive. Capitd, Georgetown. There were in 1810, neat cattle 11,2()0, sheep 3,500, swine 7,810; Indian corn 101,975 bushels produced, oats 13,180, po- tatoes 300,000, salt 850, rice 36,360,000 pounds, cotton 14,17-1 ; 3 commission houses in for. trade, cap. S10,300 ; 31 stores, cap. $174,775 ; 6 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 printing ofHce, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $6,200. 4 acad. 165 students, 6 sch. 73 scholars. Pop. whites 2,093, slaves 15,993, free col'd 183 ; total, 18,274. Georgetown, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 50 s. Augusta, 590 W. It consists of two considerable islands, at the mouth of the Kennebec r., which runs on the w., and Sheepscot river on the e., with the Atlantic on the s. Incorporated in 1716. It has excellent harbors, and is considerably en- gaged in navigation and the fisheries. An un- successful attempt was made to form a settle- ment in this place, by the Plymouth co., in 1607, but it was abandoned the next year. It has 5 stores, cap. $10,600 ; 1 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $38,250. 12 sch. 572 scholars. Pop. 1,356. Georgetown, p-v., Essex co., Mass., 31 n. by E. Boston, 464 W. Organized from Rowley, in 1838. Watered by a branch of Parker's river. It has 8 stores, cap. $21,500 ; 9 tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufec. $107,500. Pop. 1,540. Georgetown, p-t., Madison co., N. Y., 112 w. by N. Albany, 348 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay loam, well adapted to grass. Drained by head branches of Ostelic r. The v. contains 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist — 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 1 tannery, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. There are in the t., 1 store, cap. $3,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tan- nery, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,550. 10 sch. 406 scholars. Pop. 1,130. Georgetown, p-v.. Green t., Beaver co.. Pa., 241 w. by N. Harrisburg, 267 W. Situated on the N. side of MUI cr., on the s. side of Ohio r. Georgetown, p-v., capital of Sussex co., Del., 41 E. of s. Dover, 135 W. Situated between the sources of Nanticoke and Indian rivers. It con- tains a court house, an academy, and a bank, and about 300 inhabitants. Georgetown, city and port of entry, Wash- ington CO., District of Columbia, on the N. E. bank of the Potomac r., 200 miles from its mouth, and 2 miles w. of Washington city, from which it is separated by Rock creek, over which are 2 bridges. The situation is pleasant, commanding a fine view of the Potomac r., the city of Wash- ington, and of the adjacent country ; and it con- tains many elegant buildings and country seats. It has 4 banks, a market house, 7 churches — 2 Episcopal, 2 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 col'd Methodist — and a Roman Catholic college, with 2 spacious brick edifices, finely situated, founded in 1789, which has a pre- sident and 16 professors, or other instructors, 90 alumni, 135 students, and 22,000 vols, in its li- braries. The commencement is near the last of July. It was authorized by congress, in 1815, to confer degrees. There is also a nunnery, called the Convent of Visitation, founded in 1798, which contains from 50 to 70 nuns, attached to which is a large female academy, which general- ly contains 100 young ladies, instructed by the nuns. The Chesapeake and Ohio canal com- mences at this place, whicli is designed to be ex- tended to the Ohio r., and which has been re- cently continued to Alexandria. There were in 1840, 7 commercial and 2 commission houses, cap. .$310,000; 23 retail stores, cap. .$247,400; 2 lumber yards, cap. $20,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 semi-weekly newspaper, 1 flour- ing m., producing 10,500 barrels annually, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $154,700. 6 acad. 4S4 stu- dents, 9 sch. 435 scholars. Pop. 7,312. Tonnage of the port 9,964. Georgetown, p-v., port of entry and capital of Georgetown district, S. C, 152 e. s. e. Columbia, 488 W. Situated on the w. side Winyaw bay, at the entrance of Sampit cr. It contains a court house, jail, bank, an academy, 4 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Meth- odst — 35 stores, and about 2,500 mhabitants. The harbor admits vessels requiring 11 feet of water, and the trade of an extensive back coun- try is opened to it by the rivers which flow into into Winyaw bay. Tonnage 1840, 4,415. Georgetown, p-v., Randolph co., Ga. Situ- ated on the e. bank of Chattahoochee r. Georgetown, p-v., Copiah co.. Miss., 57 s. Jackson, 1,037 W. Situated on the w. side of Pearl r. Georgetown, p-v., capital of Scott co., Ky., 17 E. Frankfort, 525 W. Situated on the n. branch of Elkiiorn r., a tributary of Kentucky r. It contains a court house, jail, a bank, a print- ing office, 2 churches — 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist — 1 acad. 40 students. Pop. 1,511. George- town college, under the direction of the Baptists, is located here, was founded in 1829, has a pre- sident and 3 professors, or other instructors, 12 alumni, 114 students, and 1,200 vols, in its li- braries. The commencement is on the last Thursday in June. Georgetown, p-v., capital of Brown co., O. It is situated in Pleasant t., 1 m. from Wliite Oak cr., 7j- ms. from the Ohio r., 107 s. s. w. Colum- bus, 466 W. It has a court house, jail, 4 church- es — 1 Presbyterian, I Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 New Light — 12 stores, 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 printing office, and 1 weekly newspaper, various mechanic shops, 120 houses, many of them of brick, and about 600 inhabitants. Georgetown, p-v., capital of Pettis co.. Mo., 67 w. JeflTerson city, 1,003 W. Situated on the E. side of the south fork of La Mine r. It con- tains a court house and several dwellings. Georgetow.n, p-v., P'loyd co., la., 130 s. In- dianapolis, 609 W. Situated on a branch of In- dian cr. Georgetown, p-v., Vermillion co.. 111., 140 e. Springfield, 667 W. Situated on the n. side of Little Vermillion r. Georgetow.n Cross Roads, p-o., Kent co., Md., 58 N. E. Annapolis, 112 W. GEORGIA. Georgia, one of the Southern United States, is boimded n. by Tennessee and N. Carolina ; N. E. by S. Carolina; e. by the Atlantic; s. by Florida; and w. by Alabama. It is between 30° 30' and 35° n. lat., and between 80° 50' and 86° 6' w. Ion., and between 3° 52' and 8° 47' w. from W. It is 300 miles long from n. to s., and 240 broad from E. to w., containing 58,000 sq. miles, or 37,120,000 acres. The population in 1790, was 82,584 ; in 1800, 162,686 ; in 1810, 252,433 ; in 1820,348,989; in 1830,516,567; in 1840, 691,392, of which 280,944 were slaves. Employed in 30 GEO 234 GEO agriculture, 209,283; in commerce, 2,428 ; in manufactures and trades, 7,984 ; mining, 574 ; navi- gating the ocean, 262 ; do. canals, rivers, &c., 352 ; learned professions, 1,250. This state is divided into 93 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, were as follows: Appling, 2,052, Holmesville; Baker, 4,226, Newton; Baldwin, 7,250, 3Iil- ledgeville; Bibb, 9,802, Macon; Bryan, 3,182, Bryan C. H.; Bullock, 3,102, Statesborough ; Burke, 13,176, Waynesborough ; Butts, 5,308, Jackson; Camden, 6,075, Jeffersonton ; Camp- bell, 5,370, Campbellton ; Carroll, 5,252, Carrollton ; Cass, 9,390, Cassville ; Chatham, 18,801, Savannah; Chattooga 3,438, Summerville ; Cherokee, 5,895, Canton; Clarke, 10,522, Athens; Cobb, 7,539, Marietta; Columbia, 11,356, Applington; Coweta, 10,364, Newnan ; Dade, 1,364, Trenton ; Decatur, 5,872, Bainbridge ; De Kalb, 10,467, Decatur ; Dooly, 4,427, Vienna ; Early, 5,444, Blakeley ; Effingham, 3,075, Springfield; Elbert, 11,125, Elberton; Emanuel, 3,129, Swainsborough ; Fayette, 6,191, Fayetteville ; Floyd, 4,441, Rome; Forsyth, 5,619, Gumming; Franklin, 9,886, Carnesville ; Gilmer, 2,536, Ellejay; Glynn, 5,302, Brunswick ; Greene, 11,690, Greensborough ; Gwinnett, 10,804, Lawrenceville ; Habersham, 7,961, Clarks- ville ; Hall, 7,875, Gainesville ; Hancock, 9,659, Sparta ; Harris, 13,933, Hamilton ; Heard, 5,329, Franklin ; Henry, 11,756, McDonough; Houston, 9,711, Perry; Irwin, 2,038, Irvvinville ; Jackson, 8,522, Jefferson; Jasper, 11,111, Monticello ; Jefferson, 7,254, Louisville; Jones, 10,065, Clinton ; Laurens, 5,535, Dublin; Lee, 4,520, Starkeville ; Liberty, 7,241, Hinesville; Lincoln, 5,895, Lincolnton; Lowndes, 5,574, Troupsville ; Lumpkin, 5,671, Dahlonega; Macon, 5,045, Lanier ; Madison, 4,510, Danielsville ; Marion, 4,812, Tazewell ; McIntosh, 5,360, Darien; Meriwether, 14,132, Greeneville ; Monroe, 16,275, Forsyth; Montgomery, 1,616, Mount Vernon; Morgan, 9,121, Madison; Murray, 4,695, Spring Place; Muscogee, 11,699, Columbus; Newton, 11,628, Covington; Oglethorpe, 10,863, Lexington; Paulding, 2,556, Van Wart; Pike, 9,176, Zebulon; Pulaski, 5,389, Hawkinsville ; Putnam, 10,260, Eatonton ; Rabun, 1,912, Clayton; Randolph, 8,276, Cuthbert ; Richmond, 11,932, Augusta; Scriven, 4,794, Jackson- boro; Stewart, 12,933, Lumpldn ; Sumpter, 5,759, Americus ; Talbot, 15,627, Talbotton ; Talliaferro, 5,190, Crawfordsville ; Tatnall, 2,724, Reidsville ; Telfair, 2,763, Jacksonville; Thomas, 6,766, Thomasville ; Troup, 15,733, Lagrange ; Twiggs, 8,422, Marion ; Union, 3,152, Blairsville ; Upson, 9,403, Thomaston ; Walker, 6,572, Lafayette ; Walton, 10,209, Monroe ; Ware, 2,323, Waresboro; Warren, 9,789, Warrenton; Washington, 10,565, Sandersville ; Wayne, 1,258, Wayne C. H. ; Wilkes, 10,148, Washington ; Wilkinson, 6,842, Irwinton. From the ocean, for the distance of 7 miles, there is a margin of islands, intersected by rivers, creeks, and inlets, communicating with each other, and fonning an inland navigation for vessels of 100 tons burden, along the whole coast. These sea islands consist of salt marsh, and land of a gray rich soil, which produces sea-island cotton of a superior quality. The n.itural growth of this soil is pine, hickory, and live oak. The principal islands are Tybee, Ossabaw, St. Catharines, Sa- pelo, St. Simons, and Cumberland. The coast on the main land, for 4 or 5 miles, is a salt marsh. Back of this there is a narrow margin of land, nearly resembling that of the islands ; and back of this commence the pine barrens, interspersed with numerous inland swamps, on the margin of the creeks and rivers. These are partially or wholly overflowed at the return of the tide, and constitute the rice plantations. The pine barrens reach from 60 to 90 miles from the coast. Beyond this com- mences the country of sand hills, 30 or 40 miles wide, interspersed with fertile tracts, and extend- ing to the lower falls of the rivers. The part of the state, above the falls of the rivers, is called the Upper Country, and has generally a strong and fertile soil, often inclining to a red color, and fur- ther back, mixed with a deep black mold, producing cotton, tobacco, Indian corn, wheat, and other kinds of grain. Black walnut and mulberry trees grow abundantly in this soil. The forests also produce oak, pine, hickory, and cedar. The fruits are, melons, figs, oranges, pomegranates, olives, lemons, limes, citrons, pears, and peaches. The pine barrens produce grapes of a large size and excellent flavor. The country on the n., near the boundary of Tennessee, becomes mountainous. In this state there were in 1840, 157,540 horses and mules ; 884,414 neat cattle ; 267,107 sheep ; 1,457,755 swine ; poultry to the value of $449,623. There were produced 1,801,830 bushels of wheat ; 12,979 of barley ; 1,010,030 of oats; 60,693 of rye; 20,905,122 of Indian corn; 371,303 pounds of wool; 19,799 of wax; 1,211,366 of potatoes ; 16,969 tons of hay; 10 of flax and hemp; 162,894 pounds of tobacco; 12,384,732 of rice; 163,392,396 of cotton; 2,992 of silk cocoons; 329,744 of sugar. The products of the dairy were valued at $605,172 ; and of the orchard, $156,122 ; of lum- ber $1 14,050. There were made, 8,647 gallons of wine. The staple commodities of this state are cotton and rice, of which great quantities are exported. Copper and iron have been found in this state, and there are several valuable mineral springs, but much the most valuable mineral production is gold, which is found in the n. part of the slate, in considerable quantities. The exports of this state in 1840, amounted to $6,862,959 ; and the imports to $491,428. There were 4 commercial and 82 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $1,543,500 ; GEO 235 GEO 1,716 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $7,361,838 ; 442 persons were employed in the lumber trade, with a capital of $75,730 ; 194 persons were employed in internal transportation, who, with 17 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $12,885. The amount of home-made or family goods was $1,467,630. There was 1 woollen manufactory employing 10 persons, producing articles to the amount of $3,000, with a capital of $2,000; 19 cotton factories with 42,539 spindles, employing 779 persons, producing articles to the amount of $304,342, employing a capital of $573,835 ; 14 furnaces, producing 494 tons of cast iron, employ- ing 41 persons, and a capital of $24,000; 130 smelting houses employed 405 persons, and pro- duced gold to the amount of $121,881, with a capital of $79,343; 55 persons manufactured hats and caps to the amount of $22,761, with a capital of $7,950; 132 tanneries employed 437 persons, and a capital of $127,739 ; 102 other leather manufactories, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the amount of $123,701, with a capital of $60,932 ; 6 potteries, employing 12 persons, produced articles to the amount of $2,050, with a capital of $790 ; 184 persons produced machinery to the amount of $131,233 ; 19 persons produced hardware and cutlery to the amount of $7,866 ; 555 persons pro- duced bricks and lime to the amount of $148,655; 2,633 persons made 764,528 pounds of soap, and 111,065 poimds of tallow candles, with a capital of $27,126 ; 393 distilleries produced 126,745 gallons, which with 22 breweries employed 218 persons, and a capital of $28,606 ; 461 persons man- ufactured carriages and wagons to the amount of $249,065, with a capital of $93,820; 114 flouring mills produced 55,158 barrels of flour, and, with other mills, employed 1,581 persons, producing articles to the amount of $1,268,715, with a capital of $1,491,973 ; 95 persons manufactured furniture to the amount of $49,780, with a capital of $29,090; 38 brick or stone houses, and 2,591 wooden houses were built by 2,274 persons, at a cost of $693,116; 24 printing oflices, and 5 binderies, 5 daily, 5 semi-weekly, and 24 weekly newspapers, and 6 periodicals, employed 157 persons, and a capital of $134,400. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures was $2,899,565. The climate of Georgia is generally mild. In the low country it is unhealthy during the months of July, August, and September, excepting portions of the islands ; but the upper country is salu- brious and healthy. Snow is seldom seen, and cattle subsist with very little food but what they obtain from the woods and savannahs. The rivers are — the Savannah, 600 miles long, bounding the state on the n. e., navigable for ships 17 miles to Savannah, and, a part of the year, for steamboats, 250 miles to Augusta ; the Al- tamaha, which is navigable for large vessels, 12 miles, to Darien, is formed by the junction of the Oconee and the Ocmulgee ; and is navigable for sloops of 30 tons, by the former, to Dublin, 300 miles from the ocean ; the Ogeeche, 200 miles long, and navigable for sloops 40 miles ; Flint river, which rises in the n. w. part of the state, and, after a course of more than 200 miles, joins the Chatta- hoochee, forming the Appalachicola ; the Chattahoochee, on the w. border of the state, which is navigable 300 miles by steamboat to Columbus ; the St. Marys river, in the s. w. part of the state, rises in Okefinokee Swamp, and is navigable, 70 miles, for vessels drawing 14 feet of water. Okefinokee Swamp is about 180 miles in circumference, and has in it several fertile islands. Savannah, on the Savannah river, is the largest and most commercial place in the state. Au- gusta, at the head of steamboat navigation on the same river, is a place of extensive trade, in the interior. Macon, Columbus, Milledgeville, and Darien are considerable places. The University of Georgia is located at Athens, and is designed to have an academic branch in each county. A few only of these have been opened. It was founded in 1788, and has been well endowed. In this institution and its branches, there were in 1840, 622 students. There were in the state, 176 academies or grammar schools, with 7,878 students ; and 601 common or primary schools, with 15,561 scholars. There were 30,717 free white persons over 20 years of age who could neither read nor write. The Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians are the most numerous religious denominations. In 1835 the Baptists had 583 churches, 298 ministers, and 41,810 communicants ; Methodists, 80 travelling preachers, and 25,005 white, and 8,436 colored communicants ; Presbyterians, 75 cliurches, 45 ministers, and 4,882 communicants ; Episcopalians 4 ministers ; Protestant Meth- odists, 20 congregations and 15 ministers. Besides these there were a number of Christ-ians, Ro- man Catholics, Lutherans, Scots Presbyterians, Friends, and Jews. In 1840, this state had 37 banks and branches, with an aggregate capital of $15,119,219, and a circulation of $3,017,348. At the close of 1840 the state debt amounted to $500,000. This state has a penitentiary at Milledgeville. The fir.st constitution of Georgia was formed in 1777 ; a second, in 1785 ; and the present, in 1798. The governor is elected by the people, and holds his office 2 years. One senator is elected for each county. The representatives are proportioned to the population, including three fifths of the people of color, but each county is entitled to at least one, and one to more than 4 members. The general assembly meets annually in November, at Milledgeville. All the free white male inhabitants, who shall have resided within the county in which they vote, six months preceding the election, and shall have paid taxes in the state for the year previous, have the right of suffrage. GER 236 GER The judges of the superior court are elected for three years by the legislature ; and the judges of the inferior courts, and justices of the peace, are elected for 4 years by the people. Tliis state has several important works of internal improvement. The Savannah and Ogeechee canal extends 16 miles, from Savannah to Ogeechee river, completed in 1829, at an expense of $165,000. The Brunswick canal extends from tide water on the Altamaha, 12 miles to Bruns- wick, at a cost of $500,000. The Georgia railroad extends from Augusta, 165 miles, to De Kalb county. The Athens Branch extends from the Georgia railroad, 33 miles, to Athens. Cost of the whole, including the Athens branch, $3,300,000. The Western and Atlantic railroad continues the Georgia railroad from De Kalb county, 140 miles, to Chattanooga, on Tennessee river, at a cost of $2,130,000. The Central railroad extends from Savannah, 197 miles, to Macon, estimated to cost $2,300,000. The Monroe railroad extends from Macon, 101 miles, to Whitehall. The Ocmulgee and Flint River railroad, 76 miles in length, is designed to connect the navigable waters of these rivers, so as to form a com- munication from the Atlantic to the Gulf of Mexico. In 1732 the country between the Savannah and Altamaha was granted by George II. to Gen. Oglethorpe and others. He, with 40 others, landed at Yamacraw Bluff, and founded Savannah, Feb. 1st, 1733. This state suffered much, in its earlier periods, from wars with the Spaniards in Florida. In 1752 the trustees surrendered the province to the king, and a general court was established in 1755. In 1763 George III. annexed the country between the Altamaha and the St. Marys to the province. Savannah was taken by the British in the revolutionary war, December 29th, 1778. The town and state were evacuated by the British, in July, 1782. In convention, tliis state adopted the constitu- tion of the United States, Jan. 2d, 1788, by a unanimous vote. Georgia, p-t., Franklin co., Vt., 40 n. w. Mont- pelier, 535 W. It lies on Lake Champlain, which bounds it on the vv. Along the lake shore the surface is level, and the soil is exceedingly fertile. The soil in the s. part is sandy, and covered with pine. Lamoille r. crosses the s. part, and affords water power. It has 1 Congre- gational and 1 Baptist church ; 3 stores, capital $3,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 1 acad. 18 students, 8 sch. 177 scholars. Pop. 2,106. Gerard, p-v., Russell co., Ala., 193 E. by s. Tuscaloosa, 758 W. Situated on the w. bank of the Chattahoochee r. It contains several stores and dwellings. Gerardstown, p-v., Berldey co., Va., 165 n. Richmond, 87 W. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Lutheran — 2 stores, 1 tannery, 35 dwellings, and about 85 in- habitants. German, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 123 w. Al- bany, 326 W. The surface is hilly, and the soil well adapted to grazing. It has 1 store, 4 saw m., 10 sell. 428 scholars. Pop. 965. German, p t., Darke co., O., 97 w. Columbus, 491 W. It lias 3 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 1,178. German, t., Allen co., O. It has 2 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 856. German, t., Clark co., O. It has 10 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 1,666. German, t., Harrison co., O. It has 5 sch. 224 scholars. Pop. 1,369. German, t.. Holmes co., O. It has 1 store, cap. $800 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $3,340. Pop. 1,295. German, t., Lucas co., O. It has 2 sch. 108 scholars. Pop. 452. German, t., Bartholomew co., la. German, t., Cape Girardeau co.. Mo Pop 771 German, t., Madison co., Mo. It has 4 sch. 84 scholars. Pop. 417. German Flats, t., Herkimer co., N. Y , 83 w 't' ^^A"'""/' "^''^^ surface is undulating j'but on the Mohawk r., which runs on its n. border are extensive and fertile alluvial flats. First settled by Germans, whence it derived its name The Erie canal passes through it. It has 14 stores, capital $39,800 ; 2 forges, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,935 ; 11 sch. 440 scholars. Pop. 3,245. Germanno, p-v., German t., Harrison co., O., 120 e. n. e. Columbus, 286 W. German Settlement, p-v., Preston co., Va., 242 N. w. Richmond, 166 W. It has 1 church, free to all denominations, 2 stores, 3 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 carding machine, 2 tanneries, 100 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. Germanton, p-v., capital, Stokes co., N, C, 123 N. w. Raleigh, 319 W. Situated on the s. side of the town fork of Dan r. It has a brick court house, jail, a Methodist church, 4 stores, and about 130 inhabitants. Germantown, p-t., Columbia co., N. Y., 46 s. Albany, 334 W. The surface is gently undula- ting ; soil, clay loam, and well cultivated. It has 1 Presbyterian and 1 Lutheran church, and 3 landings, with storehouses, on Hudson r. It has 4 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 4 sch. 65 scholars. Pop. 969. Germantown, t, Fayette co.. Pa. It has 5 stores, cap. $17,400 ; 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,175. 9 sch. 572 scholars. Pop. 2,310. Germantown, p-t., Pliiladelphia co.. Pa., 6 n. w. Philadelphia, 104 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 144 W. The surface is hilly, and the soil loam and allu- vial bottoms. Watered by Wissihickon cr. and its branches, and Wingohocking cr. It lies on a street 3 ms. long, which contains 700 dwellings, many stores and mechanic shops, 10 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 German Calvinist, 2 Lutlieran, 2 Friends, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 Tunker, and 1 Menonist. It was founded by Quaker Germans. Germantown may be regarded as a suburb of Philadelphia, and many of its inhabit- ants are those who have sought retirement from the bustle of the city. A hard-fought battle of the revolution took place here, in October, 1777, in which the loss of the Americans, in killed and wounded, was about 700, and of the British 500. It has 43 stores, cap. $104,820 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $22,000 ; 2 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac 400 sp., 2 dyeing establishments, 1 tannery, 1 brew- ery, 1 paper fac, 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly newspaper, 5 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 oil m. GHO 237 GIL Cap. in mamifac. $"26 j, 100. 4 acad. 70 students, 20 sch. 709 scholars. Pop. 5,482. Germantown, p-v., Hyde co., N. C, 185 e. Raleigh, 371 W. Situated at the mouth of Tar r., on a branch of Pamlico soimd. Germantown, p-v., Shelby co., Tenn., 219 w. s. w. ^fashvi]le, 902 W. Germantown, p-v., Marion co., la., 16 n. e. Indianapolis, 573 W. Germantown, p-v.. Mason co., Ky., 71 k. n. E. Frankfort, 479 W. Germantown, p-v., German t., Montgomery CO., O., 82 w. Columbus, 475 W. Situated on a beautiful valley, near the junction of Big and Little Twin creeks, and surrounded on the n. and E. by hills. It was settled from Pa., by descend- ants of Germans, and contains 4 churches, 14 stores, 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 printing office, 150 dwellings, and about l,20O inhabitants. There are many mills in the vicinity. Germanville, p-v., Edgefield dist., S. C, 32 w. Columbia, 536 VV. Germany, t., Adams co.. Pa., 10 s. e. Gettys- burg. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam and gravel. Drained by Piney cr. on the S., and the head waters of (^onnewago cr. on the N. It has 7 stores, cap. $26,000; 1 lumber yard, cap. $1,000; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 3 flouring m., 4 grist m., 4 saw ni., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $15,950. 12 sch. 475 scholars. Pop. 1,553. Gerry, p-t., Chautauqua co., N. Y., 330 w. Albany, 330 W. The surface is undulating, and the soil gravelly loam, well cultivated. Drained by Cassadaga cr. and its tributaries. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 2 tanneries, 9 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $12,500. 8 sch. 417 scholars. Pop. 1,288. Gettysburgh, p-b., capital, Adams co.. Pa., 35 E. N. E. Harrisburg, 75 W. It is situated at the point where the roads from Philadelphia and Baltimore to Pittsburgh unite. It is on elevated ground, and surrounded by a fine country. The Theological Seminary of the Lutheran Church was established here in 1826. It has 3 profess- ors, 26 students, 130 have completed their edu- cation, and it has 7,000 volumes in its libraries. The public buildings are a court house, jail, county offices, an academy, a bank, 6 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 2 German Lutheran, 1 Roman Catholic, and one Independent. 3 weekly newspapers, 1 of which is in German. It manufactures carriages extensively. The place is supplied by water in pipes from a neighboring spring. The Baltimore and Ohio railroad will come within a little over 8 ms. of the place, and it is designed to meet it by a railroad from this place. The t. has 9 stores, cap. $66,500 ; 1 fur- nace, 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 foundry, 1 pot- tery, 4 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers, 1 periodical. Cap. in manufac. $32,900. 2 col- leges, 190 students, 1 acad. 42 students, 8 sch. 330 scholars. Pop. 1,908. Gettyshurgh, p-v., Preble co., O., 102 w. Columbus, 495 W. Ghent, p-t., Columbia co., N. Y., 27 s. Albany, 351 W. The surface is somewhat broken ; soil, gravelly loam, and well cultivated. Drained by Claverack creek. The v. contains 1 Dutch Re- formed church, 1 store, 20 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,500. 1 acad. 33 Bludents, 9 sch. 519 scholars. Pop. 2,558. Ghent, p-v., Carroll co., Ky., 59 n. Frankfort, 543 W. Situated on s. side of Ohio r. Pop. 300. Gholson, p-v., Noxubee co., 31iss., 113 n. e. Jackbon, 901 W. Gholsonville, p-v., Brunswick co., Va., 85 s. Richmond, 201 W. Situated on the n. bank of Meherin r. Gibbon's Tavern, p-o., Delaware co., Pa., 92 E. s. e. Harrisburg, 126 W. Gibraltar, p-v., Brownstown t., Wayne co., Mich., 31 s. Detroit, 510 W. Situated on the w. bank of Detrtjit r., at its entrance into Lake Erie. It has a good harbor, with an extensive wharf, and a lign^house. It contains 2 stores and a large warehouse. The Gibraltar and Clinton canal, a few miles of which are completed, af- fords, by its waste water, a good water power. Gibson, county, Tenn. Situated in tlie w. part of the slate, and contains 660 square miles. Drained by branches of Obion and Forked Deer creeks. The surface is undulating ; soil, fertile. Capital, Trenton. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 12,77.5, sheep 8,830, swine 55,128; wheat 62,839 bushels produced, rye 2,630, Indian corn 634,595, oats 34,566, potatoes 21,797, tobacco 414,595 pounds, cotton 239,044; 14 stores, cap. $100,000; 6 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 15 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,700. 1 acad. 20 students, 24 schools, 520 scholars. Pop. whites 10,612, slaves 2,969, free colored 108; total, 13,689. Gibson, county, la. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 450 sq. ms. Surface, undulating. White river runs on its n. border. Drained by Patoka and Big Pigeon creeks. Or- ganized in 1813. Capital, Princeton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,409, sheep 8,945, swine 28,245; wheat 62,611 bush, produced, Ind. corn 490,962, oats 73,620, potatoes 9,940, tobacco 6,690 pounds, sugar 12,365 ; 23 stores, capital $27,560; 4 tanneries, 5 flouring m., 10 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $26,170. 1 acad. 20 students, 17 sch. 486 scholars. Pop. 8,977. Gibson, p-t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 177 n. n. e. Harrisburg, 281 W. The surface is hilly; soil, clay and gravel. Watered by Tunkhannock and Lackawannoc creeks. It has 5 stores, cap. $31,500; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,745. 9 sch. 235 scholars. Pop. 1,219. Gibson, t., Washington co., la. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000; 2 grist m., 2 saw m. 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 73S. Gibson, t.. Gasconade co.. Mo. Pop. 808. GiBsoNviLLE, p-o., Leicester t., Livingston co., N. Y. Gilbertsborough, p-o.. Limestone co., Ala., 170 N. Tuscaloosa, 749 VV. GiLBKKTSviLLE, p-v., Buttemuts t., Otsego CO., N. Y., 95 w. Albany, 335 W. It contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an academy, 5 stores, 1 oil m., and 1 tannery, 150 dwellings, and about 250 in- habitants. GiLBOA, p-v., Broome t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 51 w. Albany, 367 W. Situated on Schoharie cr. It contains 1 church, 3 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 35 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Gii.EAD, p-t., Oxford CO., Me., 71 w. Augusta 602 W. Situated on both sides of Androscoggin r., between two mountains. Much of the surface is rough, and fit only for grazing ; but the soil on the river is well adapted to cultivation. Incor- porated in 1804. It has 1 grist m., 1 sch. 34 schol- ars. Pop. 313. Gii.EAD, p-v., Hebron t., Tolland co., Ct., 21 e. s. E. Hartford, 349 W. It has a handsome Gotliic Episcopal and a Congregational church, and com- mands a tine prospect. GIL 238 GLA GiLEAD, t., Marion co., O. It has 5 stores, cap. $12,000; 6 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 1,150. GiLEAD, p-v., Weston t., Wood co., O., 136 n. N. w. Columbus, 474 W. Situated on the s. e. bank of Maumee r., where a great water power can be easily obtained. Small steamboats navi- gate the r. above this place, as far as Fott Wayne, but below, to Perrysburg, it is not navigable. It has several stores, and about 200 inhabitants. GiLEAD, p-t., Branch co., 3Iich., 128 w. s. w. Detroit, 577 W. It i.s a fertile township, produc- ing grain and cattle, and has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 214. GiLEAD, p-v., Calhoun county, 111., 105 s. w. Springfield, 855 W. Situated at the foot of the bluffs, three fourths of a mile from Salt Prairie slough. Giles, county, Va. Situated in the vv. part of the state, and contains 935 sq. ms. The surlace is mountainous, and its mean elevation 1,600 feet above the ocean. Organized in 1806. The soil is barren and rocky on the high grounds, but fer- tile in the valleys and on the streams. Watered by New r. It has White Sulphur Springs, which are much celebrated, situated on the bank of New r. Capital, Parisburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,023, sheep 10,217, swine 13,189; wheat 45,413 bush, produced, rye 35,463, Indian corn 163,052, buckwheat 6,221, oats 69,036, potatoes 16,764, tobacco 13,430 pounds, sugar 21,433 ; 8 stores, cap. $34,200 ; 1 forge, 6 tanneries, 34 dis- tilleries, 2 powder m., 2 flouring m., 30 grist m., 18 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $32,784. 1 acad. 30 students, 9 schools, 193 scholars. Pop. whites 4,684, slaves 574, free colored 49 ; total, 5,307. Giles, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Drained by Richland and other branches of Elk cr. The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, fertile. Cap- ital, Pulaski. There were in 1840, neat cattle 18,560, sheep 13,980, swine 108,473; wheat 92,244 bush, produced, rye 7,461, Ind. com 1,453,243, oats 97,049, potatoes 24,198, tobacco 19,528 pounds, cotton 2,416,923; 21 stores, cap. $133,110 ; 1 cotton fac. 160 sp., 9 tanneries, 58 distilleries, 1 powder m., 1 rope fac, 2 flouring m., 35 grist m., 19 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspa- pers. Cap. in manufac. $19,100. 4 acad. 165 students, 20 schools, 589 scholars. Pop. whites 14,425, slaves 7,030, free col'd 39 ; total, 21,494. Giles, C. H., p-v., Giles co., Va., now called Parisburg, 240 w. by s. Richmond, 293 W. Sit- uated on the s. bank of New r., just above the gap, where it passes through Peters Mountain, the w. branch of the Alleghany chain. See Pa- risburg. Gilford, p-t., capital of Belknap co., N. H., 38 N. Concord, 509 W. Situated on the s. side of WinnipLseogee lake, which bounds it on the n. E. and N. w. Suncook mountain lies in the s. E. part of the t Drained by Miles' r. and the head branches of Suncook r. The soil is generally fertile. Incorporated in 1812, when it was sepa- rated from Gilmanton. It lias 5 stores, capital $11,300; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. »n 'nanufac. $14,550. 13 sch. 666 scholars. Pop. ^^^''^/^.y'^^'^"^' P-'^-' GiUoTd t., Belknap CO., N. H., 33 N. Concord, 514 W. Pleasantly situated on the outlet of Winnipiseogee lake mto Great Bay. Gill, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 98 w. by n Boston, 410 W. It is situated on the w. side of Connecticut r. Organized in 1793, from Green- field. It has excellent interval land on a bend in Connecticut r. Fall r. divides it from Green- field. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,990. 6 sch. 217 scholars. Pop. 798. Gillespieville, p-o., Ross co., O., 60 s. Co- lumbus, 385 W. Gilliams, p-o.. Baker co., Ga., 45 s. s. w. Mil- ledgeville, 802 W. Gillisonsville, p-o., Beaufort dist., S. C. Gills Mills, p-o., Bath co., Ky., 87 e. Frank- fort, 509 W. Gill's Store, p-o., Lincoln co., Tenn., 84 s. Nashville, 707 W. GiLLsviLLE, p-o.. Hall CO., Ga., 131 n. n. w. Milledgeville, 630 W. GiLLMAN'i5, p-o., Sumner co., Tenn., 45 n. e. Nashville, 686 W. GiLMANjp-t., Hamilton co., N. Y., 68 n. n. w. Albany. "The surface is diversified, and most of it is a wilderness. It contains several small lakes, and is mountainous in its n. part. It has 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,500. 21 scho- lars in sch. Pop. 98. GiLMANTO.N, p-t., Belknap co., N. H., 20 n. by E. Concord, 501 W. The surface is hilly and rough, and the soil, though hard, is fertile. Wa- tered by Suncook and Soucook rivers. First set- tled in 1761. It has a well endowed and flourish- ing academy, with which the " Gilmantown The- ological Seminary" is connected. This seminary was founded in 1835 ; has 3 professors, 26 stu- dents, 21 have completed their education, and it has 2,200 vols, in its libraries. There are in the t., 12 stores, cap. $22,000 ; 1 cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 4 tanneries, 1 printing office, 7 grist m., 1 1 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $59,900. 1 college, 26 students, 1 acad. 293 students, 28 sch. 1,035 scholars. Pop. 3,485. Gilmanton Iron Works, p-v., Gilmanton t., Belknap co., N. H., 23 n. Concord, 504 W. Gilmer, county, Ga. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 680 sq. ms. Drained by Coosawatee and Aquokee rivers and their branches. Capital, Ellijay. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,402, sheep 1,044, swine 8,149 ; wheat 4,379 bush, prod., Ind. corn 97,569, oats 4,940, po- tatoes 3,835, tobacco 5,648 pounds, cotton 10,584 ; 1 store, capital $2,000 ; 2 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. whites 2,441, slaves 92, free col'd 3 ; total, 2,536. GiLSUM, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 56 w. s. w. Concord, 444 W. Situated about 10 e. Connec- ticut r. The soil, in some parts, is fertile. Wa- tered by Ashuelot r. which affords water power. Chartered in 1763. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,300 ; 3 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $30,973. 8 sch. 218 scholars. Population, 656. Ginseng, p-o., Logan co., Va., 326 w. n. w. Richmond, 363 W. GiRARD, p-t.. Branch co., Mich., 110 w. s. w. Detroit, 570 W. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $1,500. 4 sch. 63 scholars. Pop. 452. GiRARD, p-v., Trumbull co., O., 173 n. e. Co- lumbus, 294 W. GiRARD, p-t., Erie co.. Pa., 264 n. w. Harris- burg, 337 W. It has 6 stores, cap. $29,200 ; 2 fullhig m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,200 ; 14 sch. 663 scholars. Pop. 2,660. Girl's Flats, p-o., Tioga t., Tioga co., N. Y., 185 w. s. w. Albany, 231 W. Gladdens Grove, p-o., Fairfield dist., S. C, 43 N. Columbia, 464 W. Glades Cross Roads, p-o., Putnam co., Ga., 31 N. w. Milledgeville, 617 W. Glade Hill, p-o., Franklin co., Va. Glade Run, p-o., Armstrong co.. Pa., 184 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 237 W. GLE 239 GLO Gi,ADE Mills, p-o., Butler co., Pa^ 212 w. n w. Harrisburg, 249 W. Glade Spring, p-o., Washington co., Va.,292 w. s. w. Richmond, 360 W. Glade Valley, p-o., Alleghany co., Md., 203 W. N. w. Annapolis, 160 W. Gladwin, county, Mich. Situated in the n. part of tlie state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Wa- tered by Tittibawassee r. Unorganized. Glady Creek, p-o., Randolph co., Va., 228 n. w. Richmond, 254 W. Glasco, p-v., Saugerties t., Ulster co., N. Y., 48 s. Albany, 328 W. Situated on the w. side of Hudson river. It has a convenient landing, 3 stores, extensive brick yards, and about 50 dwell- ings. Glasgow, p-v., New Castle co., Del. Situated on Christiana cr., near its source. Glasgow, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 153 n. e. Columbus, 276 W. Glasgow, p-v., capital of Barren co., Ky., 123 s. w. Frankfort, 646 W. Situated a little e. of Beaver branch of Green r. Glasgow, p-v., Howard co.. Mo., 73 n. w. Jef- ferson city, 978 W. Situated on the n. bank of the Missouri r. 'Glassborough, p-v., FrankUn t., Gloucester CO., N. J., 47 s. by w. Trenton, 158 W. It con- tains an Episcopal and a Methodist church, 2 stores, 2 glass fac, and about 35 dwellings. Glastenbury, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 6 s. by E. Hartford, 333 W. Situated on the e. side of Connecticut r. On the r. the soil is very fertile ; to the E. it is rough, but productive. Roaring brook affords water power. It has 7 stores, cap. $18,500 ; 3 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 5,360 sp., 3 forges, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $214,400 ; 1 acad. 20 stu- dents, 15 sch. 578 scholars. Pop. 3,077. Glastenbury, t., Bennington co., Vt., 9 n. e. Bennington. Chartered in 1761. It is a rough mountain town, almost incapable of cultivation. It has 2 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 53. Glaze, t.. Miller co.. Mo. Pop. 380. Glenatta, p-o., Marion co., Ga., 146 s. w. Mil- ledgeville, 779 W. Glen Brook, p-o., Monroe co., Tenn., 195 e. s. E. Nashville, 558 W. Glenbrook, p-o.. Hart county, Ky., 109 s. w. Frankfort, 626 W. Glenburn, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 77 n. e. Augusta, 672 W. It is situated on both sides of Kenduskeag stream, at the great bend, and has a good soil, adapted to grain. It has water power, which has not been much improved. It has 1 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 9 sch. 271 scholars. Pop. 664. Glen Cove, p-v., Oysterbay t., Queens co., N. Y., 176 s. by e. Albany. Situated at the head of a cove of the same name, on the e. side of Hempstead harbor. It contains an Episcopal church, an academy, several stores, and a grist m. A steamboat generally plies between it and New York, and it is much resorted to during the summer months. Glenfinlas, p-o., Jeflferson co.. Mo., 122 e. Jefferson city, 862 W. Glenhaji, p-v., Fishkill t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 83 s. Albany, 289 W. This flourishing manufac- turing village is situated on Fishkill cr., 3 ms. E. of its entrance into Hudson r. Ii contains 2 churches, 2 stores, a woollen fac, which con- sumes 200,000 pounds of wool annually, produ- cing broadcloths and cassimeres of the finest qual- ity, employing 100 workmen ; 60 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. Glenn, p-t., Montgomery co., N. Y., 43 w. n. w. Albany, 403 W. The surface is hilly; soil, loam, mixed with clay. Drained by Schoharie cr., a tributary of the Mohawk, which latter runs on its N. border. The Erie canal passes tlirough the t. It has 10 stores, cap. i$43,OUO ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,500. 10 sch. 310 scholars. Pop. 3,678. Glenn Connel, p-o., Cambria co.. Pa. Glenn's, p-o., Gloucester co., Va., 87 e. Rich- mond, 155 W. Glenn's Falls, p-v., Queen.sbury t., Warren CO., N. Y., 54 N. Albany, 427 W. Situated on the N. side of Hudson r. Incorporated in 1839. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- tist, and 1 Methodist — an academy, a female seminary, 30 stores, 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 3 of which have 25 saws each, 4 marble mills, with 275 saws, 1 plaster m., 1 furnace, 3 machine shops, 1 marble fac, 2 tanneries, 225 dwellings, and about 1,800 inhabitants. The finest black marble is found here. The falls on the Hudson at this place have a total descent of 50 feet, af- fording much picturesque scenery, and very extensive water power. A bridge, 500 feet long, crosses Hudson r. at the falls. The feeder of the Champlain canal leaves the r. 2 ms. above, and unites with the canal a few ms. e., and affords a navigable communication with the canal and its connected waters. Glenn Springs, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 86 N. w. Columbia, 480 W. Glennville, p-t., Schenectady co., N. Y., 4 w. Schenectady, 30 w. Albany, 470 W. Sur- face is uneven, and the soil a sandy loam. The Mohawk r. runs on its s. border, and Aelplass cr. through its e. part, where it enters the Mohawk r. The v. has 1 church, 1 store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. There are in the t. 5 stores, capital .$8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 savi^ m. Cap. in manufac. $3,200. 10 sch. 398 scholars. Pop. 3,068. Glen Wild, p-o., Thompson t., Sullivan co_, N. Y., 102 s. w. Albany, 304 W. Globe, p-o., Caldwell co., N. C, 220 w. Ra- leigh, 408 W. Gloucester, county, N. J., in the s. w. part of the state, has Delaware r. on its n. w. bound- ary. It contains 530 sq. miles. The lands along the Delaware are highly cultivated, producing excellent fruit and vegetables. Back of this the soil is sandy, and covered with pine, which fur- nishes much timber and wood for exportation. Drained by Cooper's, Big Timber, Mantua, and Racoon creeks, and the head branches of Great Egg Harbor r. Capital, Woodbury. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,484, sheep 9,335, swine 24,311 ; wheat 31,175 bush, produced, rye 97,305, Ind. corn 344,555, buckwheat 26,571, oats 92,930, hops 777 pounds ; 93 stores, cap. $186,460 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $21,000 ; 3 fulling m., 5 wool- len fac, 1 cotton fac, 4 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 11 glass fac, 1 pottery, 2 flouring m., 21 grist m., 53 saw m., 1 oil m., 4 printing ofllccs, 1 periodi- cal, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $692,077. 6 acad. 395 students, 68 sch. 4,256 scholars. Pop. 25,438. Gloucester, county, Va. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 280 sq. ms. Or- ganized in 1652. It has York r. on its s. w. bor- der. Capital, Gloucester C. H. Tliere were in 1840, neat cattle 7,778, sheep 4,914, swine 14,162, wheat 56,325 bush, produced, Ind. corn 306,564, barley 2,748, oats 61,775, potatoes 12,767, cotton 8,439 pounds ; 20 stores, cap. $86,600 ; 3 tanner- ies, 17 gri."t m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $27,710. 4 acad. 98 students. 10 sch. 216 schol- GLY 240 GOL ars. Pop. wliites 4,412, slaves 5,791, free col'd 612; total, 10,715. Gloucester, p-t., and port of entry, Essex cc, Mass., 30 N. E. Boston, 470 W. Incorporated in 1639. It has a fine harbor, open at all seasons of the year, and its inhabitants are extensively engaged in navigation and the fisheries. Ton- nage of the district 1840, 17,072. The harbor is on the s. side of the peninsula, and on Thatcher's island, on the s. E., are 2 light-houses. A canal is cut across the isthmus which connects the cape with the main land. Tlie almost insular situation of this place makes it a pleasant resort in the summer season. It has 4 commercial houses, cap. $107,000; 32 stores, cap. $57,775; 2 lumber yards, cap. $23,000 ; 1 printmg office, 1 weekly and 1 semi-weekly newspapers, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $.52,495. 1 acad. 46 students, 26 sch. 1,238 scholars. Pop. 6,350. (See Rockport.) Gloucester, t.. Providence co., R. I., 16 w. s. w. Providence, 50 e. by N. Hartford, Ct. First settled in 1700. Incorporated in 1730. The sur- face is uneven and rough ; the soil is well adapted to grazing. Watered by Chepatchet r., which affords good water power, and on which is the flourishing manufacturing village of Chepatchet. There are in the t. 11 stores, cap. $20,300; 2 cot- ton fac. 1,668 sp., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $43,600. 24 sch. 596 schol- ars. Pop. 2,304. Gloucester, t, Gloucester co., N. J., 10 s. e. Woodbury. The surface is level, and the soil sand, more or less mixed with loam. The n. part produces vegetables and fruit, and the s. part consists chiefly of pine forest. Drained by Coop- er's and Big Timber creeks. It has 13 stores, cap. $18,400 ; 2 tanneries, 4 glass fac., 2 flouring m., 3 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $77,650. 10 sch. 298 scholars. Pop. 2,837. Gloucester, C. H., p-v., capital of Gloucester CO., Va., 85 E. Richmond, 170 W. It contains a court house, jail, clerk's office, an academy for males, and another for females, 4 stores, and 126 inhabitants. There are 8 churches within the circumference of 14 miles round the court house, 2 Episcopal, 2 Baptist, and 4 Methodist. Gloucester Furnace, p-v., MuUica t., Atlan- tic CO., N. J., 74 s. Trenton, 184 W. It contains a store, 1 large furnace, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 300 inhabitants. The furnace produces 800 tons annually, chiefly of castings. Glover, p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 39 N. N. e. Monlpelier, 550 W. Tlie surface is hilly, and the soil adapted chiefly to grazing. Watered by the head brandies of Bartons, Pasumpsic, Lamoille, and Black rivers. It has 1 store, cap! $S,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,200. 10 sch. 232 scholars. Pop. 1,119. Gloversville, p-v., Johnstown t., Fulton co., N. Y., 40 N. w. Albany, 413 W. It contains 2 churclies, 2 stores, 1 gi-ist m., 1 saw m., 50 dwell- ings, and about 350 inhabitants. Buckskin gloves, mittens, and raoccashis, are extensively manufac- tured here. Glynn, county, Ga. Situated in the s. e part of the state, and contains 625 sq. ms. Altamaha r. runs on its n. e. border, and Scilla r. runs on Us s. border. Watered by Turtle r. and Buf- falo creek, its main tributary. It has the At- lantic E., and St. Simon's and .Tykill islands on Its coast. The surface is level, and some of it is too low for niltivation. Capital, Brunswick There were in 1840, neat rattle 8,320, sheep 69> swine 1,9S0; Ind. com 40,520 bush', produced' potatoes 39,410, rice 1,037,200 poimds, cotton 2,322,000, sugar 2-2,0(X) ; 9 stores, cap. $45,000 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $42,050. 1 acad. 40 students. Pop. whites 891, slaves 4,409, free col'd 2 ; total, 5,302. G.s'ade.vhutton, p-v.. Clay t., Tuscarawas co., O., 105 E. N. E. Columbus, 312 W. Situated on the E. bank of Tuscarawas r. Originally settled by Moravians. The Erie and Ohio canal is about a mile w. of the v., on the opposite side of the river. It contains 1 Moravian church, 2 stores, 1 steam saw m., and about 25 dwellings. Goat Island, or Iris island, N. Y. Situated in Niagara r., at the great falls, dividing the wa- ters which descend over this mighty cataract. It contains about 75 acres, and is 1 mile in circum- ference, mostly covered with forest. (See Niagara Falls.) Goblentown, p-v., Patrick co., Va., 208 w. s. w. Richmond, 283 W. Goddard, p-c, Rush co., la., 45 e. s. e. In- dianapolis, 543 W. Godfrey, p-o., Madison co., 111., 86 s. Spring- field, 812 W. Goff's Corners, p-o., Cumberland co.. Me., 32 s. w. Augusta, 576 W. Goff's Mills, p-o., Howard t., Steuben co., N. Y., 228 w. by s. Albany, 308 W. GoFFSTOWN, p-t., Hillsborough co., N. H., 16 s. Concord, 468 W. The surface is generally level, with a few elevations ; and the soil fertile, and easily cultivated. Drained by Piscataquoag r., which affords water power, and a tributary of the Merrimac, which runs on its e. border. Amos- keag falls, in the Jlerrimac, are opposite to this town, where the r. descends 43 feet 3 inches in half a mile, around wliich is a canal. It has 8 stores, cap. $22,050 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac 6,000 sp., 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $119,515. 1 acad. 45 students, 11 sch. 815 scholars. Pop. 2,376. GoLANUsviLLE, p-0., Caroline co., Va., 33 N. Richmond, 90 W. It has a pleasant and healthful situation, and contains 1 store, 1 tannery, 1 flour- ing m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m., several mechanic shops, and about 85 inhabitants. There are 2 mineral springs in the neighborhood. GoLCONDA, p-v., capital, Pope co.. 111., 215 s. s. E. Springfield, 796 W. Situated on the s. side of Lusk cr., on the n. bank of Ohio r. It contains a brick court house, 4 stores, and about 25 dwellings. Golden, p-o., Baltimore co., Md., 44 n. Annap- olis, 54 W. Golden Hill, p-o., Dorchester co., Md. Golden Grove, p-o., Greenville (list., S. C, 121 w. N. w. Columbia, 516 W. Golden's Bridge, p-o., Lewisboro' t., West- chester CO., N. Y., 120 s. by e. Albany, 278 W. Golden Springs, p-o., Anderson dist., S. C, 131 w. N. w. Columbia, 527 W. Golden Valley, p-o., Rutherford co., N. C, 217 w. s. w. Raleigh, 447 W. Gold Hill, p-o., Meriwether co., Ga., 116 w. Milledgeville, 734 W. Gold Hill, p-o.. Chambers co., Ala., 159 e. s. e. Tuscaloosa, 780 W. Gold Mine, p-o., Chesterfield dist., S. C, 99 N. e. Columbia, 458 W. GoLDSBOROUGH, p-t., Haucock CO., Me., Ill E. Augusta, 693 W. Incorporated in 1789. It con- sists chiefly of a peninsula, with the Atlantic ocean on the s., Goldsborough bay on the e., and Frenchman's bay on the w. It is finely situated for navigation, having Prospect harbor, which is spacious and easy of access, in its s. E. part. It has other good harbors. It contains 3 stores, cap. $4,700 ; 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $40,210. 10 sch. 227 scholars. Pop. 1,198 GOR 241 GOS GoLDSBORouGH, p-v., Waviie CO., N. C, 51 s. E. Raleigh, 231 W. Goochland, county, Va. Central in the e. part of the state, and contains 300 sq. ms. James r. runs on its s. border. The surface is undu- lating, and in some places broken ; the soil is various, and much of it exhausted, though natu- rally good. Drained by Tuckahoe cr., Dover cr., Byrd cr., and other small streams, several of which afford water power. Coal, of an excellent quality, and also gold, have been found in the co.. Capital, Goochland C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,727, sheep 5,364, swine 11,377; wheat 79,617 bush, produced, Ind. corn 259,030, oats 170,023, potatoes 10,326, bituminous coal 433,000, tobacco 4,501,695 pounds, cotton 4,689; value of gold produced $1,8(X); 22 stores, cap. $30,300 ; 4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 22 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,470. 9 sch. 139 scholars. Pop. whites 3,570, slaves 5,500, free col'd 690 ; total 9,760. GoocHL.\ND, C. H., p-v., capital of Goochland CO., Va., 30 w. N. w. Richmond, 130 W. Situa- ted 1 mile north of James r. It contains a court house, jail, a store, and several dwellings. Gooch's Mills, p-o., Cooper co., Mo., 42 n. w. JefTerson city, 963 W. Goodall's, p-o., Hanover co., Va., 13 n. Rich- mond, 117 W. Goodbar's. p-o., Overton co., Tenn., 101 e. Nashville, 613 W. Good Ground, p-v., Southampton t., Suffolk CO., N. Y., 242 s. E. Albany, 322 W. It contains 1 Methodist church, and 6 or 8 dwellings. Good Hope, t., Hocking co., O. It contains 2 paper mills. Pop. 469. Good Hope, p-o., Walton co., Ga., 75 n. n. w. Milledgeville, 629 W. Good Hope, p-o., Noble co., la., 149 n. n. e. Indianapolis, 538 W. Good Intent, p-o., Gloucester co., N. J., 41 s. w. Trenton, 151 W. Good Intent, p-o., Washington co., Pa., 231 w. Harrisburg, 249 W. Good Luck, p-o.. Prince George's co., Md.,43 S. w. Annapolis, 15 W. Good Spring, p-o., Williamson co., Tenn., 13 s. Nashville, 697 W. Goodwin's Mills, York co.. Me., 73 s. w. Augusta, 524 W. GooDWYNSviLLE, p-o., DinwIddie co., Va., 46 s. Richmond, 165 W. Goose Creek, p-o., Smith co., Tenn., 56 e. Nashville, 653 W. Goose, cr., Va., a branch of Roanoke r., rises in the Blue Ridge, 5 s. w. of the Peaks of Otter, and after a course of over 30 ms., enters the Roanoke, in Campbell co. Goose Pond, p-o., Oglethorpe co., Ga., 101 n. Milledgeville, 593 W. Goose River, p-o., Waldo co., Me., 44 e. Au- gusta, 630 W. Gordonsville, p-v.. Orange co., Va., 74 n. w. Richmond, 104 W. Situated at the e. foot of s. w. mountain, on the sources of North Anna r., and at the w. termination of the Louisa railroad, 50 s. w. by w. Fredericksburg. It has a store and several dwellings. Gordonsville, p-o., Smith co., Tenn., 53 e. Nashville, 633 W. GoRDONTON, p-o.. Person co., N. C, 64 Ra- leigh, 263 W. Gordonville, p o.. Brown co., O., 99 s. w. Columbus, 472 W. GoRHAM, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 60 s. w. Augusta, 511 W. First settled in 1736. The soil is excellent, and well cultivated. It has a 31 well endowed and flourishing academy, and con- tains 1 tannery, 1 powder m., 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,920. 1 acad. 309 stu- dents, 23 sch. 1,160 scholars. Pop. 3,001. GoRHAM, p-t., Coos CO., N. H., 197 n. Concord, 586 W. It has a rough surface, lying at the base of the White mountains on the n. side, and the soil is unproductive. Incorporated in 1836. Drained by several small tributaries of Andros- coggin r. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,550. 2 sch. 44 scholars. Pop. 156. GoRHAM, p-t., Ontario co., N. Y., 197 w. Al- bany, 340 W. The surface is undulating ; and the soil, fertile and well cultivated. Drained by Flint cr., and small tributaries of Canandaigua lake. It contains several small villages. It has 3 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 3 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,015. 1 acad. 120 students, 21 sch. 923 scholars. Pop. 2,779. GoRHAM, p-t., Lucas CO., O., 180 n. w. Colum- bus, 511 W. Situated on the n. border of the state. Drained by Tiffin's r. It has 3 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 343. Gorntos, p-o., Lowndes co., Ga., 286 s. Mil- ledgeville, 901 W. Gorton, p-o., Carroll co., O., 138 E. n. e. Co- lumbus, 291 W. Goshen, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 40 w. by n. Concord, 48.) W. Sunapee mountain lies in its s. E. part. Drained by branches of Sugar r., a tributary of Connecticut r. The soil is well adapted to grazing. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $2,045. 10 sch. 267 scholars. Pop. 779. Goshen, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 12 n. w. Northampton, 105 w. by n. Boston, 393 W. The surface is mountainous. Some minerals, as emeralds, lead, and tin, are found here. It has 1 store, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 5 sch. 204 scholars. Pop. 556. Goshen, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 6 n. Litchfield, 33 w. by n. Hartford, 332 W. The surface is elevated, and moderately uneven, and it is a fine grazing town, with some of the largest dairies in the state. It has 5 stores, cap. $50,000 ; 5 tanne- ries, 1 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,770. 1 acad. 50 students, 15 sch. 426 schol- ars. Pop. 1,529. Goshen, t., Addison co., Vt., 31 s. w. Montpe- lier. The surface is mountainous, with some good land. Watered by Leicester r. Iron ore and oxide of manganese are found. Chartered in 1792, rechartered in 1798. It has 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,400. 7 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 621. Goshen, p-t., semi-capital of Orange co., N. Y., 105 s. by vv. Albany, 278 W. The surface is hilly, with some extensive flats. The soil is a fertile loam, specially adapted to grazing. Great quantities of excellent butter are produced here for the New York city market, where it is in high repute. The v. is situated on a plain, and was incorporated in 1809. It contains a court house, jail, county clerk's office, bank, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal church, 15 stores, 1 tannery, a flourishing academy, with a female seminary connected, 150 dwellings, and about 900 inhabit- ants. The New York and Erie railroad is com- pleted from Piermont, on the Hudson r., 45 ms. to this place. There are in the t. 22 stores, cap. ,$29,045 ; 1 fulling ra., 2 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $42,100. 5 acad. 306 studente, 12 sch. 425 scholars. Fop. 3,889. GOS 242 GRA Goshen, p-v., Middle t., Cape May co., N. J., 89 s. Trenlon, 199 W. Situated near the head of navigation, on Goshen cr., 3 ms. from its en- trance into Delaware bay. GosiiEN, p-v., Lancaster co., Pa., 58 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 93 W. Goshen, L, Tuscarawas co., O. It lies on both sides of Tuscarawas r., and contains the villages of New Pliiladelphia and Lockport. It has 9 stores, cap. $15,900 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 1 weelvly newspaper, 1 flouring m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $56,500. 11 sch. 782 scholars. Pop. 1,835. GosiiEN, p-t., Clermont co., O., 100 s. w. Co- lumbus, 472 W. It is a valuable agricultural t. The V. contains 2 brick churches — 1 Presbyte- rian and 1 Methodist — several mills moved by horse power, 15 or 20 mechanic shops, 60 dwel- lings, nni about 300 inhabitants. A Macadam- ized road connects it with Cincinnati. The t. contains 4 stores, cap. $5,550 ; 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $3,700. 1 acad. 34 students, 1 sell. 40 scholars. Pop. 1,442. Goshen, t., Allen co., O. Pop. 236. Goshen, t., Belmont co., O. The surface is uneven, and the soil is good. Watered by head branches of Captina and Mc3Iahon's creeks, which afford water power. It has 3 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 1,830. Goshen, t.. Champaign co., O. It contains the V. of Mechanicsburg. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 3 saw m., 6 sch. 136 scholars. Pop. 1,407. Goshen, t., Columbiana co., O. Situated a few miles n. w. New Lisbon, and contains a part of the v. of Damascus. It has 5 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 1,392. Goshen, t., Hardin co., O. It has 1 tannery, 1 saw m., 3 sch. ICJ scholars. Pop. 550. Goshen, p-v., Lincoln co., Ga., 53 n. e. Mil- ledgeville, 93 W. It contains a Baptist church, an academy, and about 12 dwellings. Goshen, p-v., Benton co., Ala., 157 s. e. Tus- caloosa, 690 W. Goshen, p-v., capital of Elkhart co., la., 152 n. by E. Indianapolis, 690 W. Situated on e. side of Elkhart r. It contains a court house, jail, and several stores and dwellings. Goshen, p-v., Putnam co.. 111. Goshen, t., Macon co.. Mo. Pop. 718. Goshen Mills, p-o., Montgomery co., Md., 64 W. N. w. Aimapolis, 33 W. Goshen Hill, p-o., Union dist., S. C, 53 n. w. Columbia, 480 VV. Goshenville, p-o., Chester co., Pa., 77 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 122 W. GospoRT, t., Rockingham co., N. H. It in- cludes the Isles of Shoals, 7 in number, 8 miles from Portsmouth, in tlie Atlantic. A sea wall connects Star isle wilh Smutty isle, built at the expense of the U. States government, formmg a safe harbor on the n. w. side. The islands are inhabited chiefly by fishermen. It has $1,500 invested m the fisheries. 1 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 115. GospoRT, v., Norfolk co., Va. Situated in the f ^^^'TA'y "'" ",^'' '■'"=*?« "^ Portsmouth, opposite to Norfolk, on the s. side of Elizaheih r. The United States have here an extensive navy yard and a large and expensive dry dock, capable of receiving a seventy-four gun ship ^^°%^'l^T^'°^■^^''''^? •=°' ^'''•' 1« s- Tusca- loosa, 936 W. Situated on the w. side of the Alabama river. ^°^7,Vvi?-^-'c°'''''V°' ^=*' 42 s- w. Indian- apolis, 613 W. Situated on w. side of White r It has 2 stores, and about 73 inhabitants. Gouverneur, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y, 181 N. w. Albany, 450 W. The surface is gen- erally level, and the soil fertile. Watered by Oswegatchie river. The v. is situated on Oswe- gatchie r., and contains 2 churches, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., the " Gouverneur Wesleyan Seminary," 60 dwellings, and about 450 inhabit- ants. There are in the t., 3 stores, cap. $10,700; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,200. 1 acad. 213 students, 12 sch. 392 scholars. Pop. 2,538. GovENSTOWN, p-v., Baltimore co., Md., 34 n. Annapolis, 44 W. Governors Island, N. Y., is situated in the harbor of New York, 3,200 feet s. of the Battery, and contains 70 acres of ground, belonging to the United States. It contains Castle Williams, on the N. w. point of the island, a round tower 600 feet in circumference and 60 feet high, with 3 tiers of guns ; Fort Columbus on the summit of the island, in the form of a star, mounting 105 heavy cannon, and a battery on the s. w. part, commanding the entrance through Buttermilk channel. The above fortifications, when fully garrisoned, would require 800 men. There are extensive barracks, with houses for the officers, occupied by a small garrison. GowANUs, v., Broolilyn, Kings co., N. Y. It consists of a scattered settlement around Gowan- nus bay, in the s. part of Brooklyn. On the high ground to the e., is the Greenwood Cemetery, consisting of 200 acres of ground, which is highly picturesque, and affords extensive and beautiful views. It is designed to be appropriately orna- mented. The V. contains 3 churches, 1 store, and 30 or 40 dwellings. Goodevsville, p-o.. Union dist., S. C, 81 n. w. Columbia, 450 W. GowENSviLLE, p-v., Spartanburg dist, S. C, 133 N. w. Columbia, 477 W. Graceham, p-v., Frederick CO., Md., 87 n. w. Annapolis, 58 W. Grafton, county, N. H. Situated toward the N. w. part of the state, is bounded w. by Con- necticut r., and contains 1,740 sq. ms. Watered by Pemigewasset and Lower Ammonoosuck riv- ers, and smaller streams. Sq nam and Newfound lakes are considerable bodies of water, the for- mer of which lies partly in Carroll co., and presents much picturesque scenery. The surface is mountainous, but contains much good land. Organized in 1771. Capital, Haverhill. There were in 1840, neat cattle 49,996, sheep 174,664, swine 26,090 ; wheat 100,231 bush, produced, rye 49,864, Ind. corn 135,683, buckwheat 25,991, bar- ley 7,198, oats 382,581, potatoes 1,191,518, sugar 340,477 pounds ; 99 stores, cap. $303,800 ; 1 fur- nace, 1 forge, 31 fulling m,, 13 woollen fac, 36 tanneries, 5 potteries, 57 grist m., 196 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 2 binderies, 1 periodical, 2 weekly newspapers. Capital in manufac. $673,764. 1 college, 404 students, 6 acad. 476 students, 369 sch. 14,047 scholars. Pop. 42,311. Grafton, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 33 n. w. Concord, 504 W. The surface is hilly or moun- tainous, and the soil rocky, with some good land. Glass mountain, which on one side rises nearly perpendicularly 150 feet, furnishes mica, or isin- glass, whicli is procured in plates 6 inches square or more, and is exported. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,200 ; 1 fulling m., 3 grist m., 9 saw m., 11 sch. 455 scholars. Pop. 1,201. Grafton, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 109 s. Mont- pelier, 456 W. The surface is uneven, and the soil is productive. Watered by Sexton's and Williams's rivers. Soapstone of a fine quality is GRA 243 GRA extensively found, and wrought and exported. It has 3 stores, cap. $J,500 ; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,735. 13 sch. 436 scholars. Pop. 1,3-26. Grafton, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 36 s. w. by w. Boston, 406 W. It has an excellent soil, and a fine location. Watered by Blackstone r., which, with a tributary, affords water power. The Boston and Worcester railroad passes through its n. part, and the Blackstone canal through its s. w. corner. It has 6 stores, cap. $28,000 ; 4 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 5 cotton fac. 22,930 sp., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $130,400. 10 sch. 468 scholars. Pop. 2,943. Grafton, p-t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 20 n. e. Albany, 390 W. The surface is hilly, and the soil a clay loam, with a heavy natural growth of limber. Watered by Poeston kill, and other small streams. There are in the t., 1 grist m., 13 saw m., 4 oil m., 12 sch. 398 scholars. Pop. 2,019. Grafton, p-t., Loraine co., O., 118 n. n. e. Co- lumbus, 363 W. It has 4 sch. 164 scholars. Pop. 713. Grafton, p-v., Jersey co., 111., 85 s. by w. Springfield, 826 W. Graham, p-o., Minisink t.. Orange co., N. Y. Graham's Forge, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C. Graham's Station, p-v., Sutton t., Meigs co., O., 103 s. E. Columbus, 338 W. Graham's Turn Out, p-o., Barnwell dist., S. C, 81 s. s. w. Columbia, 5S7 W. Grahamsville, p-o., Neversink t., Sullivan CO., N. Y., 96 s. by w. Albany, 312 W. Grahamsville, p-v., Beaufort dist., S. C, 144 8. Columbia, 629 W. Grahamsville, p-o., Yorkco., Pa., 45 s. Har- risburg, 95 W. Grampian Hills, p-o., Clearfield co., Pa., 138 N. w. Harrisburg, 230 W. Granger, county. Term. Situated toward the E. part of the state, and contains 320 sq. miles. Clinch r. runs on its n. w. border, and Holston r. runs through and along the s. e. part. The sur- face is hilly and rough, but along the rivers is fine land. A ridge of hills extends through the county, between the rivers. Capital, Rutledge. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,233, sheep 9,119, swine 30,268 ; wheat 50,409 bush, produced, rye 1,166, Ind. corn 391,015, oats 121,922, potatoes 10,920, tobacco 21,495 pounds, cotton 12,701, su- gar 13,424; 18 stores, cap. $91,000; 1 forge, 3 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 128 sp., 10 tanneries, 42 distilleries, 7 flouring m., 25 grist m., 20 saw m., 2 oil m., 1 paper fac. Cap. in manufactures, $67,335. 12 schools 196 scholars. Pop- ulation, whites 9,521, slaves 917, free col'd 134 ; total, 10,572. Granby, t., Essex co., Vt. This t. was char- tered in 1761, and was first settled in 1800 ; and during a succession of cold seasons, following the year 1810, it was nearly abandoned, but has since been resettled. Watered by head branches of Paul's stream, and of Moose r. The country around is thinly settled. It has 2 sch. 43 schol- ars. Pop. 105. Granby, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 9 s. e. Northampton, 85 w. by s. Boston, 375 W. In- corporated in 1768. The soil is adapted to graz- ing. It has some woollen manufactures. Cop- per ore is said to be found here. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 2 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,665. 6 sch. 280 scholars. Pop. 971. Granby, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 16 n. n. w. Hart- ford, 352 W. Incorporated in 1786. Iii this t. are Simsbury copper mines, formerly wrought, but afterwards occupied as the Connecticut state prison. The pit or cavern, 50 feet deep, was the place of nocturnal confinement ; but this misera- ble hole has been exchanged for a fine state pris- on at Wethersfield. Watered by Farmington r. and its branches. The surface ishilly and rough, but it has some good land, and 2 pleas.int villages. It has 6 stores, cap. $31,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 wool- len lac, 3 tanneries, 18 distillerie.'^, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $85,200. 2 acad. 27 students, l-f sch. 360 scholars. Pop. 2,611. Granby, p-t., Oswego co., N. Y., 158 w. n. w. Albany. The surface is undulating, and the soil a sandy loam, with heavy timber of pine, oak, maple, beech, &c. Watered by Oswego r. and some smaller streams. It has 2 stores, capital $7,000 ; 1 tannery, 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. S16,405. 16 sch. 696 scholars. Pop. 2,385. Granby, po.. Licking co., O., 38 e. by n. Co- lumbus, 391 W. Grand, p-t., Marion co., O., 58 n. by w. Co- lumbus, 429 W. Grand post-office is situated at Burlington v. in Grand t. This v. contains 2 stores, about 35 dwellings, and 175 inhabitants. There are in the t., 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 4 tan- neries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. C'ap. in manufac. $5,050. 4 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 605. Grand Blanc, p-t., Genesee co., Mich., 53 N. w. Detroit, 577 W. It has 4 stores, 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,700. Pop. 782. Grand Cove, p-o., Natchitoches par.. La. Grand Coteau, p-o., St. Landry par., La., 205 w. New Orleans, 1,254 W. Grand Detour, p-v.. Ogle co.. 111., 167 n. Springfield, 827 W. Situated on the e. side of Rock r. It contains 1 church, and several stores and dwellings. Grand Gulf, p-v., Claiborne co.. Miss., 65 s. by w. Jackson, 1,075 W. Situated on Grand Gulf, a remarkable bend in the Mississippi r., 50 ms. by road above Natchez, and 360 by the river above New Orleans. It contains 2 cliurciies — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Slethodist — 26 stores, a bank, town hall, market-house, hospital, masonic hall, theatre, 1 cotton press, 1 iron foundry, 2 steam saw ra., 200 dwellings, and 1,000 inhabitants. Grand Haven, p-v., Ottawa t., capital of Ot- tawa CO., Mich., 213 w. by n. Detroit, 694 W. Situated on the s. bank of Grand r., one fourth of a mile from its entrance into Lake IMichigan, between which and the lake are sand hills. It has a court house, used also as a church and for schools, 3 stores, 5 large ware or forwarding houses, 1 tannery, and 2 steam saw m. A steam- boat of 100 tons plies between this place and Grand Rapids. Several sloops are owned here. Steamboats and vessels from Chicago to Detroit touch here on their passage. It has the best har- bor on this side of the peninsula, with a depth of from 15 to 30 feet, and never less than 12 feet. Grand Isle, county, Vt., in the n. w. part of the state, contains about 80 sq. ms. It consists chiefly of 2 large islands in Lake Champlain, and the towni of Alburg, situated on a point of land projecting into Lake Champlain i'rom Canada. The surface is moderately swelling, and the soil very fertile, and well cultivated. Organized in 1802. Capital, North Hero. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,463, sheep 27,451, swine 3,179; wheat 21,430 bush, produced, rye 9,504, Ind corn 13,816, buckwheat 9,216, barley 1,655, oats 43,430, potatoes 76,408, sugar 34,478 pounds ; 8 stores, cap. $13,100; 4 tanneries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,430. 26 sch. 1,601 scbulars. Pop. 3,883. Grand Isle, p-t., Grand Isle co., Vt., 66 n. w. GRA 244 GRA Montpelier, 539 W. This t. consists of the n. half of the largest of 2 large islands in I^ake Champlain. Organized in 1809. The soil is fertile, producing abundant grain and fruits. It has a grist m. on a small mill stream, the only one in the co. It has a Congregational and a Methodist church. Marble and limestone, and rock crystals are found here. It has 1 store, cap. Sl,'200; 1 tannery. Pop. 724. Grand Island, Niagara Strait, N. Y., torn- prises a part of Tonewanda t., Erie co., situated in Niagara r., 3 ms. below Black Rock, and ex- tending within 3 ms. of Niagara falls. It is 9 ms. long, and in its widest part, 6 wide. The surface is level, and the soil excellent for grain or grass, and easy ot cultivation. It is chiefly covered with a heavy growth of white oak, beech, maple, hickory, elm, ash, black oak, &c. It con- tains 17,381 acres, of which 12 or 1,500 are culti- vated. It has an extensive steam grist m., and a steam saw m. with 6 gangs of saws. Grand Lake, p-o., Cliicot co., Ark., 167 s. by E. Little Rock, 1,177 W. Situated on w. side of the Mississippi r., near a lake of the same name. Grand Pass, p-o.. Saline co., Mo., 103 n. n. w. Jefferson city, 1,017 W. Situated 3 s. of Missouri r. Grand Prairie, t., Marion co., O. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $550. 4 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 717. Grand, r., Mich. This is the largest river running wholly within the peninsula. Two prin- cipal branches unite in Jackson co., a little above Jackson v., and it pursues a winding north- wardly and westwardly course, until it enters Lake Michigan, at Grand Haven, in Ottawa co. It is 270 ms. long, and about 60 rods wide at its mouth, admitting vessels drawing 12 feet of water. It is navigable for steamboats 40 miles to the Grand Rapids, and for batteaux 240 miles. Grand, r., Mo., rises in Iowa ter., and flow- ing s. E. enters the Missouri, 240 ms. from its mouth. It is navigable for boats, 100 miles. Grand River, t., Caldwell co.. Mo. Pop. 302. Grand River, t., Livingston co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 15 scholars. Pop. 173. Grand River, t.. Van Buren co., Mo. It has 2 sch. 55 scholars. Pop. 650. Grand River, t., Carroll co., Mo. Pop. 1,064. Grand River, t., Henry co., Mo. It has 3 sch. 62 scholars. Pop. 999. Grand Traverse Bay, is a considerable inlet from Lake Michigan, toward the s. part of the peninsula. Grand View, p-t., Washington co., O., 141 s. E. Columbus, 278 VV. Situated on the Ohio r., 25 ms. above Marietta. The portion on the r. consists of fertile bottoms ; the uplands are broken, and adapted to grazing. It has 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 514. Grand View, p-v., Louisa co., Iowa. Grand View, p-v., Edgar co.,Ill.,l 14 e. Spring- field, 675 W. Situated near the head waters of Big cr., surrounded by a beautiful and fertile roll- ing prairie. Grandville, p-v., Kent co., Mich., 175 w.by N. Detroit, 656 W. Situated at the junction of Buck and Rush creeks, and contains 3 stores, 7 saw m., and about 200 inhabitants. Schooners and steamboats of the largest class ascend to this place, and smaller boats as far as the ranids Fu-st settled in 1835. ^ ' Granger, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y 10 n Angelica, 250 w. by s. Albany. The surface is undulating ; soil, sandy and clay loam. Drained by Genesee r. and its branches. It has 2 stores cap. $3,5(X) ; 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $1,500. 11 sch. 452 scholars. Pop. 1 064 Granger, p-t., Medina co., O., 131 n. e. Colum- bus, 347 W. It has 7 sch. 323 scholars. Pop. 956. Granger, p-o.. Will co., 111. Grangersville, p-o., Saratoga t., Saratoga CO., N. Y., 37 N. Albany, 409 W. Grangerville, p-o., Macon co., Ga. Grant, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 184 sq. ms. Drained by Eagle cr., a branch of Kentui>ky r., which runs through its w. part. Capital, Williamstown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,598, sheep 6,233, swine 12,774; wheat 32,303 bush, pro- duced, rye 3,532, Ind. corn 244,476, oats 26,383, potatoes 6,116, tobacco 243,325 pounds, sugar 25,185; 9 stores, cap. $11,400; 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 9 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,135. 5 sch. 97 scholars. Pop. whites 3,833, slaves 348, free col'd 6; total, 4,191. Grant, county, la. Central in the n. part of the state, and contains 415 sq. ms. Organized in 1831. The surface is level, and generally cov- ered with timber. Drained by Missisinewa r. and its tributaries, a branch of the Wabash. Capital, Marion. There were in 1810, neat cat- tle 5,877, sheep 4,736, swine 18,846; wheat 22,733 bush, produced, Ind. corn 217,543, buck- wheat 1,299, oats 30,707, potatoes 16,030, sugar 50,187 pounds; 11 stores, cap. $32,900 ; 2 tanne- ries, 1 distillery, 11 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $27,104. 4 sch. 86 scholars. Pop. 4,875. Grant, county, Wis. Situated in the s. w. part of the ter., and contains nearly 1,200 sq. ms. It has Wisconsin r. on its n. border, and the Mis- sissippi on its w. and s. w. border. The soil is highly productive, and it abounds in lead ore. Drained by Blue, Grant, and Platte rivers. Cap- ital, Lancaster. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,197, sheep 463, swine 8,645; wheat 10,796 bush, produced, Ind. corn 100,055, barley 3,246, oats 65,400, potatoes 74,629, sugar 1,355 pounds ; 32 stores, cap. $74,950 ; 17 smelting houses, pro- ducing 6,020,350 pounds lead, 1 brewery, 2 flouring m., 3 grist m., 11 sawm. Cap. in manu- fac. $55,471. 10 sch. 383 scholars. Population, 3,926. Grantham, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 54 w. n. w. Concord, 484 W. Croydon mountain lies in the w. part of the t. It has several ponds, from one of which flows a head branch of Sugar r. The soil is fertile ; the low lands adapted to til- lage, and the mountain to grazing. It contains a medicinal spring. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw ra., 7 sch. 350 schol- ars. Pop. 1,036. Grantsboro, p-o., Campbell co., Tenn., 201 Nashville, 507 W. Grant s Creek, p-o., Switzerland co., la., 99 s. E. Indianapolis, 530 W. Situated on the n. side of the Ohio r. Granville, county, N. C. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 828 sq. ms. Drained by Tar r., and by branches of Roanoke r. and Neuse r. Capital, Oxford. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,727, sheep 14,234, swine 36,422 ; wheat 51,938 bush, produced, rye 1,174, Ind. com 556,530, oats 140,905, potatoes 27,068, tobacco 3,918,822 pounds, cotton 479,499 ; 27 stores, cap. $184,450; 5 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 10 flouring m., 46 grist m., 27 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $99,628. 6 acad. 163 students, 18 sch. 225 schol- ars. Pop. whites 9,309, slaves 8,707, free col'd 801 ; total, 18,817. Granville, p-t., Addison co., Vt., 35 s. s. w. Montpelier, 490 W. The surface is mountain- ous. Chartered in 1780, by the name of Kings- ton. Watered by head branches of White r. GRA 245 GRA one of which has a fall of K>0 feet, 50 feet of the lower part being perpendicular. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000 5 1 saw m., 7 sch. 255 scholars. Pop. 545. Granville, t., Hampden co., Mass., 120 s. by w. Boston. The surface is elevated, and the soil is fertile. Toward the s. e. part is a pleas- ant v., which contains 2 churches — 1 Congrega- tional and I Baptist. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $6,700 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distille- rv, 1 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. 9 sch. 370 scholars. Pop. 1,414. Granville, p-t., Washington co., N. Y., 63 N. N. E. Albany, 433 W. The surface is moder- ately uneven and broken ; soil, a fertile clay loam. Drained by Pawlet r., whicli flows into Lake Champlain. The v. is situated near the Vermont line, and contains 3 churches — 1 Episco- pal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Friends — 6 stores, 1 wool- len fac, 1 grist m., and 1 tannery, 90 dwellings, and 500 inhabitants. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $55,100; 3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 1 cot- ton fac. 1,453 sp., 3 tanneries, 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 2 flouring m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $74,630. 2 acad. 150 students, 18 sch. 957 schol- ars. Pop. 3,846. Granville, p-t., Bradford co.. Pa., 147 n. e. Harrisburg, 257 W. It has 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,560. 3 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 651. Granville, t., Mifflin co.. Pa. It has 1 fur- nace, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,245. 7 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 1,016. Granville, p-t.. Licking co., O., 34 n. e. Co- lumbus, 373 W. This flourishing t. was settled in 1805, by emigrants from Granville, Mass. The V. is situated on the E. fork of Licking r., and contains 3 churches, 1 male and 2 female acad- emies, 1 bank, 1 foundry, 1 furnace, and 2 mills, 2 acad. 315 students, 1 sch. 200 scholars, 100 dwellings, and 727 inhabitants. One mile e. of the V. is Granville College, a literary and theo- logical institution, under the direction of the Baptists, founded in 1832, has a president, and 4 professors or other instructors, 20 students, and 3,000 vols, in its hbraries. The commencement is on the 2d Wednesday in August. There are in the t. 1 acad. 178 students, 8 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 1,52S. Granville, p-v., Monongalia co., Va., 298 n. w. Richmond, 220 W. Situated on Dunkard cr., on the w. side of Monongalia r. It has 1 church, free to all denominations, 3 stores, 2 warehouses, various mechanic shops, 25 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. Granville, p-v., Delaware co., la., 68 n. e. Indianapolis, 53J W. On the s. w. side of the Missisinewa r. Granville, p-v., Jackson co., Tenn., 64 e. Nashville, 642 W. Situated on the E. bank of the Cumberland r. Granville, p-v., Platte co., Mo. Situated on the E. side of the Missouri r. Granville, t., Milwaukee co., Wis. It has 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. Pop. 225. Grape Island, p-o., Tyler co., Va., 330 n. w. Richmond, 286 W. Grape Grove, p-t., Ray co.. Mo., 154 n. w. Jefferson city, 1,057 W. Pop. f 34. Grape Spring, p-o., Hamilton co., Tenn., 147 S. E. Nashville, 603 W. Grape Vine, p-o.. Perry co., Ky., 143 s. e. Frankfort, 5-28 W. Grass Hills, p-o., Carroll county, Ky., 50 n. Frankfort, 548 W. Grass Lake, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 67 s. w. Detroit, 542 W. Situated on the outlet of Grass Lake. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 acad. 75 students, 3 sch. 132 scholars. Pop. 1,127. Grass Land, po., Harrison co., Va., 249 N. w. Richmond, 233 W. Grassv Creek, po., Pendleton co., Ky., 72 s. E. Frankfort, 518 W. Grassy Cove, p-o., Bledsoe co., Tenn., 120 e. s. E. Nashville, 563 W. Grassy Point, p-v., Rockland co., N. Y., 109 s. Albany, 277 W. It has a convenient steam- boat landing on the w. side of Hudson r., 1 store, an extensive brick yard, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Grassy Pond, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C. Grass, r., N. Y., rises in the e. part of St. Law- rence county, and flows northwardly into the St. Lawrence r., on the n. boundary of the state. Gratiot, county, Mich. Situated in the cen- tral part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. It has an undulating surface, and a good soil, well timbered, and with pine in the n. part. Watered by Maple and Pine rivers. Unorganized. Gratiot, p-v., Hopewell t., Licking co., O., 42 E. Columbus, 351 W. It is pleasantly situated in an elevated and commanding position, on the na- tional road, and contains 1 brick church, 12 stores, a number of mechanic shops, 1 steam saw m., 1 carding machine, 50 dwellmgs, and about 250 in- habitants. Gratiot's Grove, p-o., Iowa co., Wis., 9 w. Madison, 876 W. Gratis, p-t., Preble co., O., 92 w. Columbus, 4S5 W. It has a fertile soil, and is highly culti- vated. Pop. 1,931. Gratitude, p-o., Sussex co., N. J.,74 n. Tren- ton, 231 W. Gratz, p-v., Lykens t., Dauphin co., Pa., 48 n. Harrisburg, 153 W. It contains 3 stores and about 40 dwellings. Graves, county, Ky. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 660 sq. ms. Surface, level; soil, fertile. Capital, Mayfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,111, sheep 6,781, swine 25,212 ; wheat 36,719 bush, produced, rye 1,293, Ind. corn 386,840, oats 82,843, potatoes 12,147, tobacco 464,372 pounds, cotton 123,332; 10 stores, cap. $31,400 ; 1 woollen fac, 4 cotton fac, 3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 pottery, 17 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,740. 17 sch. 401 scholars. Pop. whites 6,644, slaves 817, free col'd 4 ; total, 7,465. Grave Creek, p-o., Marshall co., Va., 352 n. w. Richmond, 266 W. Gravel Hill, p-o., Buckingham co., Va., 67 w. Richmond, 249 W. Gravel Hill, p-o., McNairy co., Tenn. Gravel Spring, p-o., Frederick co., Va., 165 N. w. Richmond, 93 W. Gravelly Hill, p-o., Bladen co., N. C, 121 s. Raleigh, 351 W. Gravesend, t.. Kings co., N. Y., 9 s. N. York. The surface is level, having much salt marsh. It has a few sand hills near the shore. Coney Isl- and lies in front of it, with a full exposure to the Atlantic, and is much resorted to for sea bathing. The V. contains a Dutch Reformed church, and about 15 houses. The t. contains 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 2 sch. 86 scholars. Pop. 799. Graves Mt., a conical peak, about 800 feet high, in the w. part of Lincoln co., Ga. Graves' Landing, p-o., Lowndes co., Ala., 110 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 850 W. Graves Mill, p-o., Madison co., Va., 105 n. w. Richmond, 106 W. Gray I, p-o., Morgan co.. Mo., 56 w. Jefferson city, 992 W. Gray, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 47 s. w. Au- gusta, 561 W. This is a fine farming t. It has 9 GRE 246 GRE stores, cap. $5,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in rnanu- fac. $5,500. 11 sch. 702 scholars. Pop. 1,740. Gray, t., Gasconade co.. Mo. Pop. 1,074. Gravson, county, Va. Situated in the s., and toward the w. part of the state, and contains 927 sq. ms. Drained by Great Kanawha r., here call ed New r., and its branches. It is elevated about 1,600 feet above the level of the ocean. Capital, Greenville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,935, sheep 18,253, swine 21,502; wheat 27,868 bush, produced, rye 16,958, Ind. corn 219,217, buckwheat 15,219, oats 142,715, potatoes 34,384 ; 11 stores, cap. $40,125 ; 3 forges, 5 woollen fac, S tanneries, 20 distilleries, 76 grist m., 21 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $5,350. 1 acad. 120 students, 10 sch. 252 scholars. Pop. whites 8,542, slaves 492, free col'd 53 ; total, 9,087. Gravson, county, Ky. Central in the w. part of the state. It contains 800 sq. ms. A branch of Green r. runs on its n. border. Capital, May- field. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,163, sheep 7,337, swine 15,199; wheat 18,907 bush, produced, rye 473, Ind. corn 141,845, oats 58,509, potatoes 4,842, tobacco 242,372 pounds, sugar 30,138; 17 stores, cap. $34,405; 3 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $16,375. 6 sch. 209 scholars. Pop. whites 4,262, slaves 199; total, 4,461. Grayson, p-v., capital of Carter co., Ky., 128 K. Frankfort, 432 W. Situated h m. w. of Little Sandy r. It has a court house, 8 or 10 houses, and 50 inhabitants. Grayson, C. H., p-v., capital of Grayson co., Va., called also Greenville, 261 s. Richmond, 336 W. Situated on the s. bank of New r. It con- tains a court house, jail, 3 stores, several mechan- ic shops, 12 dwellings, and about 75 inhabitants, one fourth of whom are colored. Grayson Springs, p-o., Grayson co., Ky. Grayson Sulphur Springs, p-o., Grayson CO., Va. Graysport, p-v., Muskingum co., O., 68 e. Co- lumbus, 343 W. Grays Settlement, p-o., Erie co., Pa., 240 N. w. Harrisburg, 332 W. Grays Valley, p-o., Tioga co., Pa., 146 n. Harrisburg, 256 W. Graysvillk, p-v., Morris t., Huntingdon co.. Pa., 101 w. Harrisburg, 170 W. It contains 1 store and 8 or 10 dwellings. Graysville, p-v., Todd co., Ky., 55 Frankfort, 720 W. Graysville, p-o., Monroe co., O., 124 k. Co- lumbus, 281 W. Graysville, p-v., White co., El., 61 s. e. Springfield, 841 W. Greasy Creek, p-o., Floyd co., Va., 230 w. Riclimond, 305 W. Great Barrington, p-t., Berkshire co., Ms., 134 w. Boston, 355 W. It is situated on both sides of the Housatonic r. The surface is une- ven, and adapted to grazing, except on the Hou- satonic, where the surface is level, and the soil very fertile. A branch of the Housatonic affords good water power. The v. is pleasantly situated, contams some good houses, and 2 churches— 1 Congregational and 1 Episcopal— and some man- Sow,fvf ^'i 7^""^ ''•'^ '" tl^e t., 7 stores, capital $21,000; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac 6,094 sp., 2 tanneries, 1 printing of- fice, 1 weekly paper, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. m manufac $138,000. 1 acad. 30 students, 16 sch. 634 scholars. Pop. 2,704. Great Bend, p-y.. Champion t., Jefferson co., JN. v., 159 N. w. Albany. Situated on Black r., and contams 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 distillery, 1 cloth dressing works, 1 store, and about 2'i dwellings. A bridge here crosses the r. Great Bend, p-o.. Great Bend t., Susquehan- na CO., Pa., 191 N. E. Harrisburg, 295 W. Situ- ated at the junction of Salt Lick cr. with the Susquehanna r., on an extensive flat, surrounded on all sides by high hills. It is built on both sides of the r., over which is a bridge 600 feet long and 20 feet wide, which cost $6,500. It has 2 church- es — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist — several stores, a seminary for young ladies, 40 dwellings, and about 240 inhabitants. There are in the t., 4 stores, cap. $21,500 ; 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,350. 7 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 859. Great Bend, p-o., Meigs co., O., 112 s. s. K. Columbus, 341 W. Great Bridge, p-v., Norfolk co., Va., 115 s. e. Richmond, 240 W. Situated on Southern r. Great Crossings, p-v., Scott co., Ky., 15 n. E. Frankfort, 527 W. Situated on the s. side of Elkhorn cr. The Choctaw academy is located here, under the superintendence of the War De- partment. It had in 1841, 131 students, viz : — 52 Choctaws, 21 Pottawatomies, 26 Chickasaws, 10 Creeks, 2 Quapaws, 3 Seminoles, 1 Miami, 10 miscellaneous. Great Egg Harbor, collection district. Ton- nage of 1840, 16,364. (See Egg Harbor, Great.) Great Falls, p-v., Somerworth t., Strafford CO., N. H., 34 E. Concord, 499 W. Here is a large and beautiful village and extensive manu- factories. (See Somerworth.) Great Valley, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 300 w. by s. Albany, 328 W. The surface is somewhat broken, rising from the valley of Alle- ghany r. Watered on the s. by Tunianguant cr., and N. by Great Valley cr., tributaries of Alle- ghany r. At the post-office is Peth v., contain- ing 1 store, 2 saw m., and 15 dwellings. There are in the t., 4 stores, cap. $11,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $14,400. 6 sch. 235 scholars. Pop. 852. Great Works, p-v., Penobscot co.. Me., 80 E. Augusta, 675 W. Situated at the entrance of Great Works stream into the Penobscot r., oppo- site to Indian Oldtown. Here is a good water power, and a considerable village. Great South Bay, N. Y. Situated on the s. side of Long Island, and is about 50 ms. long and 5 wide, enclosed by Great South Beach, which is 40 ms. long and half a mile wide. On the w. end is a light-house. The bay is navigable, has several inlets, and aboimds with fine shell and other fish, and a variety of water fowls, and is a great resort of sportsmen. Greece, p-t., Monroe co., N. Y., 6 n. Roches- ter, 226 w. by n. Albany, 375 W. The surface is undulating, and the soil sandy, gravelly and clay loam. Watered by small streams, flowing into Lake Ontario. It has 5 stores, cap. .$5,400 ; 1 furnace, 2 grist ra., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,510. 16 sch. 993 scholars. Pop. 3,669. Greely, p-o., Somerset co., Me., 85 n. Augus- ta, 680 W. Green Bank, p-o., Pocahontas co., Va., 189 w. N. w. Richmond, 216 W. Situated on Deer cr., 6 ms. above its entrance into Greenbrier r. It has 1 church, free to all denominations, a li- brary, 2 stores, several mills, and various me- chanics. Green Bay, Wis., lies n. w. of Lake Michi- gan, connected with it by a broad opening, and running parallel with it. It is 100 ms. long, and from 15 to 30 broad. At its entrance is a string of islands, called Grand Traverse islands, extend- ing for 30 ms. It is navigable lor vessels of 200 GRE 247 GRE tons to its liead, and receives Fox and Menoniine rivers. Green Bay, p-v., Brown co., Wis., 158 \. Ma- dison, 'J38 W. Situated on the e. side of Fox r. at its entrance into Lake Michigan. The settle- ment extends on both sides of the r. for 4 miles. It has a U. S. land office, 40 stores, and about 1,500 inhabitants. Greenberry, p-o., Grant co., la., 82 n. n. e. Indianapolis, 553 W. Green Bottom, p-o., Cabell co., Va., 379 w. by N. Richmond, 384 W. Green Bottom, p-o., Shelby co., Tenn., 213 w. Nashville, 898 W. Greenbrier, county, Va. Central toward the w. part of the state, and contains 1,493 sq. ms. The surface is broken, elevated and moun- tainous. Drained by Greenbrier r. and its branches, and by branches of Gauley r. Capi tal, Lewisburg. There were in 1840, neat cat tie 13,855, sheep 18,722, swine 12,373; wheat 69,151 bush, produced, rye 43,466, Ind. corn 207,055, buckwheat 3,031, oats 198,296, potatoes 31,916, sugar 114,933 pounds ; 12 stores, cap. $112,000; 1 tannery, 19 distilleries, 30 grist m., 33 saw m., 4 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $68,534. 1 acad. 28 students, 23 sch. 505 scholars. Pop. whites 7,287, slaves 1,214, free col'd 194 ; total, 8,695. Green Brier, r., Va., rises in Pocahontas co., and passing through Greenbrier co., and into Monroe co., enters the Great Kanawha r. near the boundary between the 2 latter counties, and at the pas.sage through Laurel ridge. Greenbrier, p-o., Northumberland co., Pa., 60 N. Harrisburg, 170 W. Greenburg, t., Westchester co., N. Y. 130 s. Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly, clay and sand loam, well cultivated. Watered by Bronx and Sawmill rivers. Hudson r. bounds it on the w. It has 1 acad. 15 students, 10 sch. 324 scholars. Pop. 3,361. Green Bush, p-o., Windsor co., Vt., 68 s. Montpelier, 468 W. Greenbush, t., Penobscot co.. Me. It has 3 sch. 108 scholars. Pop. 261. Greenbush, p-t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 1 e. Albanjr, 370 W^. Situated on the e. side of Hud- son r. opposite to Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay loam, with gravel and sand. The land along the r. is level and very fertile. The v. was incorporated in 1815, and contains 2 churches, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist, 9 stores, 2 flour- ing m., 1 distillery, 1 tannery, 1 spirit gas fac, 100 dwellings, and about 900 inhabitants. The Albany and West Stockbridge railroad commen- ces here, and a ferry crosses to Albany. There are in the t., 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. §1,000. 15 sch. 865 scholars. Pop. 3,701. Greenbush, p-v., Warren co., 111., 92 n. w. Springfield, 833 W. Green Camp, t., Marion co., O. It has 2 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 361. Green Castle, p-b., Franklin co.. Pa., 56 Harrisburg, 79 W. It contains 5 churches, several factories, 250 dviellings, and about 1,500 inhabitants. It is surrounded by a fertile country. Green Castle, p-v., capital of Putnam co., la., 47 w. Indianapolis, 612 W. Situated on a high table land, 1 m. e. of the Walnut fork of Eel r. It contains a court house, jail, 1 seminary, 2 churches, 7 stores, and about 500 inhabitants. There are in the t., 13 stores, cap. $62,160 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $1 1,300. 1 acad. 87 students, 3 sch. 148scholars. Pop. 2,258. Green, cr., p-t., Sandusky co., O., 100 n. Co. lumbus, 415W. Pop. 1,189. Greene, county, N. Y. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 583 sq. ms. The surface is diversified, being hilly and mountain- ous s. and w., and more level toward the n. e. The mountains are sterile, and the valleys pro- ductive. Watered by Catskill and Coxsackie creeks, which flow into the Hudson, and the head branches of Schoharie cr., which flows into the Mohawk r. Capital, Catskill. There were in 1840, neat cattle 22,495, sheep 39,326, swine 19,357; wheat 17,677 bush, produced, rye 86,840, Ind. corn 109,772, buckwheat 57,612, bariey 2,368, oats 309,882, potatoes 302,902, 5 commis- sion houses in for. trade, cap. $131,330; 142 stores, cap. $396,510 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $10,300; 3 furnaces, 10 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 363 sp., 29 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 powder m., 2 potteries, 3 flouring m., 29 grist m., 79 saw m., 3 paper fac, 3 printing oflices, 1 bindery, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- fac. $910,760. 3 acad. 97 students, 122 sch. 3,227 scholars. Pop. 30,446. Greene, county. Pa. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Ten Mile and Dunkards creeks e., and by Fish and Wheeling creeks w. The surface is broken and mountainous, but the soil is produc- tive. Capital, Waynesburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 19,338, sheep 37,035, swine 36,199 ; wheat 251,823 bush, produced, rye 33,901, Ind. com436,607, buckwheat 31,366, oats 348,809, potatoes 60,383, sugar 111,107 pounds ; 50 stores, cap. $1 10,885 ; 9 fulling ra., 4 woollen fac, 15 tanneries, 34 distilleries, 1 glass fac, 1 glass cut- ting estab., 4 flouring m., 45 grist m., 62 saw m., 5 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, f'ap. in manufac. $290,782. 1 acad. 42 students, 74 sch. 1,723 scholars. Pop. 19,147. Greene, county, Va. Situated in the central part of the state, and contains 190 sq. ms. The surface is hilly ; soil, fertile. Capital, Stanards- ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,086, sheep 3,345, swine 7,180 ; wheat 39,731 bush, pro- duced, rye 14,741, Ind. corn 124,241, buckwheat 233, oats 32,734, potatoes 7,646, hops 206 pounds, tobacco 489,933, cotton 1,143 ; 4 stores, cap. $21,000; 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 15 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac $23,855. 7 acad. 135 students, 6 sch. 136 scholars. Pop. whites 2,447, slaves 1,740, free col'd 45; total, 4,232. Greene, county, N. C. Situated centrally in the e. part of the state, and contains 210 sq. ms. Drained by Moccason r., a branch of the Neuse r. Surface level, soil fertile. Capital, Snow Hill. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,400, sheep 3,068, swine 25,456 ; wheat 8,824 bush, produced, rye 6,975, Ind. com 279,730, oats 2,455, potatoes 44,404, rice 15,492 pounds, cotton 1,344,990 ; 10,035 barrels of tar, pitch, &c. ; 8 stores, cap. $73,000 ; 30 distilleries, 27 grist m., 8 .saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,5CI0. 5 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. whites 3,375, slaves 2,971, free col'd 219 ; total, 6,595. Greene, county, Ga. Situated n. e. of the centre of the stale, and contains 504 sq. ms. The Oconee r. runs on its w. border. Surface undulating, soil fertile. Capital, Greensboro. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,130, sheep 7,054, swine 23,164 ; wheat 58,568 bush, produ- ced, rye 1,179, Ind. com 400,172, bariey 1,193, oats 35,486, potatoes 12,693, cotton 2,756,469 pounds ; 22 stores, cap. $128,000; 1 cotton fac, 6 tanneries, 5 flouring m., 24 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,000. 1 college, 22 students, 5 acad 323 students, 13 sch. 358 scholars. Population GRE 248 GRE wlutes 4,641, slaves 7,024, free colored 25 ; total, 11,690. Greene, county, Ala. Situated m the w. part of the state, and contains 836 sq. ms. The surface is hilly, but the soil on the river bottoms is excellent. Tombigbee r. runs on its w. boun- dary. Watered by Black Warrior, or Tusca- loosa r. Capital, Eutaw. There were in 1810, neat cattle 8,940, sheep 4,749, swine 18,492 ; wheat 18,396 bush, produced, rye 1,618, Ind. corn 520,198, oats 14,928, potatoes 48,369, silk cocoons 45 pounds, cotton 3,173,800; 18 stores, cap. $171,700 ; 3 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 3 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weeldy newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $22,900. 242 students in acad- emies, 173 scholars in schools. Pop. wliites 7,556, slaves 16,431, free col'd 37; total, 24,024. Greene, county. Miss. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 864 sq. ms. It is chiefly covered with pine forest, and the soil is sterile. Watered by Pascagoula r. and its branches. Capital, Leakesville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,513, sheep 915, swine 10,837; Ind. corn 34,264 bush, produced, pota- toes 18,693, rice 10,365 pounds, cotton 40,260 ; 1 store, cap. $5,000 ; 8 grist m., 5 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 3 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. whites 1,207, slaves 429 ; total, 1,636. Greene, county, Tenn. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 700 sq.ms. The surface is elevated, and greatly diversified with hill and valley. Watered by Nolachucky r., and Licking cr. Capital, Greenville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,267, sheep 17,172, swine 49,011 ; wheat 142,392 bush, produced, rye 4,691, Ind. corn 683,295, buckwheat 2,233, oats 221,123, potatoes 23,128, tobacco 9,125 pounds, cotton 2,128; 15 stores, cap. .$92,2.50 ; 1 furnace, 7 forges, 17 tanneries, 52 distilleries, 7 potteries, 4 flour- ing m., 54 grist m., 39 saw m., 6 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $5S,821. 1 college, 30 students, 2 acad. 98 students, 12 sch. 196 scholars. Pop. whites 14,410, slaves 1,006, free col'd 151 ; total, 16,076. Greene, county, Ky. Situated in the middle of the state, and contains 460 sq. ms. Watered by Green r. and its tributaries. The surface is undulating ; soil, fertile. Capital, Greensburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,642, sheep 18,140, swine 46,691 ; wheat 75,221 bush, pro- duced, rye 1,050, Ind. com 333,664, oats 143,860, potatoes 12,971, tobacco 1,961,711 pounds, cotton 2,398, sugar 9,147; 14 stores, cap. $110,400; 2 forges, 1 cotton fac. 126 sp., 10 tanneries, 7 dis- tilleries, 2 flouring m., 10 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $43,034. 1 acad. 100 students, 13 sch. 309 scholars. Pop. whites 10,263, slaves 3,830, free col'd 119; total, 14,212. Greene, county, O. Situated s. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. Watered by Mad r., and by Little Miami r., of which the following are branches; Caesar's, Beaver, Massie's and Anderson' s creeks. These with some smaller streams, aflford extensive water power. The surface is undulating. Yel- low Springs is a iamous watering place. Cap- i'. A, ^*',"i^- "Inhere were in 1840, neat cattle 14,9 14, sheep 29,5-.i7, swine 26,770 ; wheat 257,465 bush, produced, rye 9,989, Ind. com 659,2J6, barley 1,/d7, oats 157,668, potatoes 19,016; 35 stores cap. $143,350; 5 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 1 brewery 24 flouring m^, 3 grist m., 27 saw m., 2 oil m , 3 pmitmg offices 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $248,580. 13 sch. 349 scholars. Pop. 17,52S. "^ Greene, county, la. Situated toward the s. w. part of the state, and contains 456 sq. ms. The surface is generally level, and the soil fertile. Drained by the w. fork of White r.. Eel r., and Richland cr. Capital, Bloomfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,756, sheep 8,861, swhie 24,131 ; wheat 27,958 bush, produced, Ind. corn 368,113, oats 66,435, potatoes 12,833, tobacco 215,389 pounds, sugar 30,152; 20 stores, cap. $31,910 ; 14 tanneries, 12 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 23 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $46,086. 24 sch. 834 scholars. Pop. 8,321. Greene, county. 111. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 912 sq. ms. Organized in 1821. The Illinois r. runs on its w. border, and the Mississippi on the s. The bank of the Mississippi consists chiefly of perpendicular clifTs, from 80 to 200 feet high, containing hori- zontal strata of lime and sandstone, and abun- dance of coal is found a little within the surface. Drained also by Apple, Macoupin, Otter and Piasa creeks. The surface is generally level, and the soil fertile, consisting of timber and prairie land. Capital, CarroUton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 17,211, sheep 14,856, swine 25,385 ; wheat 29,137 bush, produced, rye 2,447, Ind. com 320,402, buckwheat 2,263, oats 32,518, potatoes 30,233 ; 19 stores, cap. $17,500 ; 8 distil- leries, 2 flouring m., 22 grist m., 18 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,400. 15 sch. 555 scholars. Pop. 11,951. Greene, county. Mo. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 1,000 sq. ms. The surface is hilly ; the soil is generally fertile, con- sisting of timber and prairie land. Drained by branches of Osage and White rivers. Capital, Springfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,623, sheep 5,540, swine 20,504 ; wheat 16,539 bush, produced, Ind. corn 322,715, oats 19,962, potatoes 15,667, tobacco 7,754 pounds, cotton 3,709 ; 10 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 3 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 7 grist m., 2 saw m.. 1 printmg office, I weekly newspaper. Cap. in manutac. .$17,650. II sch. 233 scholars. Pop. whites 4,693, slaves 677, free col'd 2 ; total, 5,372. Greene, county. Wis. Situated in the s. part of the ter., and contains 576 sq. ms. It has con- siderable prairie land. Watered by Peckatonakee r. and Sugar cr. Copper and lead are found. Capital, Monroe. There were in 1340, neat cat- tle 1,458, sheep 608, swine 3,605; wheat 11,953 bush, produced, Indian corn 25,610, buckwheat 783, oats 20,245, potatoes 15,603 ; 2 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. !j!6,400. Pop. 933. Greene, county. Ark. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 1,025 sq. ms. St. Francis r. runs on its e. border. Watered by Cache r. and its branches. Surface, level. Cap- ital, Gainsville. There were in 1810, neat cattle 1,860, sheep 230, swine 3,259 ; wheat l,13i bush, produced, Ind. corn 26,945, potatoes 433, cotton 3,578 pounds; 2 stores, cap. $1,300. 1 sch. 25 sciiolars. Pop. 1,536. Greene, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 25 s. w. Au- gusta, 583 W. It lies on the e. side of Andros- coggin r. Incorporated in 1788. It has a good soil, adapted to wheat. It contains 4 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,450. 12 sch. 455 scholars. Pop. 1,406. Greene, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 120 vv. s. w. Albany, 314 W. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, generally good. Drained by Che- nango r. and its tributaries. The v. is situated on the w. bank of Chenango r., on the Une of the Chenango canal. It contains 4 churches — 1 Pres- byterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Method- GRE 249 GRE ist — 11 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 clothier's works, 1 plaster m., 1 saw m., 2 tanneries, 100 dwellings, and about 750 inhabitants. There are in the t. 11 stores, cap. §62,500; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,4(W. 1 acad. 68 students, 30 sch. 1,098 scholars. Pop 3,462. Greene, t., Sussex co., N. J., 7 s. w. New ton. The surface is hilly and mountainous. It contains Hunt's and Grass ponds. Drained by tributaries of Pequest cr. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw m. (Jap. in rnanufac $5,200. 5. sch. 112 scholars. Pop. "T??. Greene, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 56 e. llarris- burg, 93 W. Greene, t., Greene co., Pa., 11 s. E. Waynes- burg. The surface is rolling ; soil, loam. Drained by Whiteley cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,400 ; 1 fuUuig m., 1 woollen fac, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $4,222. 3 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 611. Greene, t., Indiana co., Pa., 10 n. e. Indiana b. Drained by Two Lick, Yellow, and Cush- cushion creeks. It lias 6 stores, cap. $8,300 ; 2 tanneries, 5 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,250. 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 2,321. Greene, t., Beaver co.. Pa., 12 s. w. Beaver. The surface is rolling ; soil, loam. Ohio r. bounds it on the n. Drained by Mill cr. It lias 7 stores, cap. $11,200; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- neries, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $27,592. 4 sch. 180 scholars. Pop. 1,.500. Greene, t., Franklin co.. Pa., 5 n. e. Cham- bersburg, 43 s. e. Harrisburg. The surface is level, and the soil rests on limestone and slate. Drained by the e. branch of Conecocheague cr. South mountain lies on the e. of tlic t. It has 9 stores, cap. $17,900; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 distilleries, 1 tannery, 9 flour- ing m., 2 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $47,300. 9 sch. 279 scholars. Pop. 2,518. Greene, p-t., Harrison co., O. It has 5 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. 1,467. Greene, t., Adarns co., O. Situated on the Ohio r. Pop. 1,086. Greene, t.. Brown co., O. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 353. Greene, t., Clark co., O. It has 13 sch. 264 scholars. Pop. 1,059. Greene, t., Clinton co., O. Drained by East Fork and Todd's F'ork of Miami r. It has 4 stores, cap. $4,675 ; 1 fulling m., 1 wofjllen fac, 1 tan- nery, 2 grist ni., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,500. II sch. 695 scholars. Pop. 1,833. Greene, t., Columbiana co., O., 9 n. New Lis- bon. It has 2 sch., .50 scholars. Pop. 1,612. Greene, t., Gallia co., O. It has 4 stores, 1 fulling m., 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,950. Pop. 1,047. Greene, t., Hocking co., O. Situated on both sides of Hockhocking r. It has 3 sch. 86 schol- ars. Pop. 1,189. Greene, t., Fayette co., O. Drained by Rat- tlesnake fork of Paint cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,000; 1 distillery, 1 flouring ra., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,5(X). 12 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1,622. Greene, t., Shelby co., O. It has 1 tannery, 3 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $1,800. Poii. 762. Greene, t., Wayne co., O. It has 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,300. 1 sch. 16 scholars. Pop. 1,751. Greene, t., la. Pop. 99. Greene, p-o.. Cape Girardeau co.. Mo., 214 s. E. Jefferson city. Situated on Crooked cr. Green Oak, t., Livingston co., Mich. It has 32 1 flouring m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,500 6 sch. 148 scholars. Pop. 764. Greene, t., Iowa co.. Wis. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $6,400. Pop. 933. Greene, t., Hancock co., la. It has 1 tan- nery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $2,250. Pop. 837. Greene, t., Polk co., Mo. Pop. 599. Greene, t., Livingston co.. Mo. Pop. 397. Greenfield, t., Hancock co.. Me. It has 1 saw rn. 1 sch. 8 scholars. Pop. 223. Greenfield, p-t., HilUboro' co., N. II., 35 s. w. Concord, 454 W. Contoocook r. runs on its w. boundary. The surface is uneven, and the soil generally fertile. The hills are adapted to grazing, and the valleys to tillage. Incorporated m 1791. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000; 2 tanner- ies, 6 powder m. Cap. in manufac. $12,722. 11 sch. 226 scholars. Pop. 834. Greenfield, p-t., capital of Franklin co., Mass., 92 w. Boston, 402 W. Situated on the w. side of Connecticut r. Incorporated in 1753. Watered by Green r., which enters Deerficld r., and aflbrds good water jiower. The v. is pleas- antly situated, and neatly built, and contuins 4 churches — 2 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — a young ladies' seminary, and has considerable trade and manufactures. There are in tlie t. 11 stores, cap. $1!,.5;)0; 6 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 384 sp., 1 tannery, 3 printing offices, 2 weekly new.«papers, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $92,128. 2 acad. 57 students, 8 sch. 186 scholars. Pop. 1,756. Greenfield, t., Saratoga co., N! Y., 10 .n. Ballston Spa, 40 n. by w. Albany. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; the soil productive, and well cultivated. Drained by Kayaderosseras cr. It has 5 stores, cap. $4,600; 2 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 2 grist rn., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,432. 4 sch. 186 scholars. Pop. 2,a03. Greenfield, p-t., Erie co.. Pa., 352 n. Harris- burg, 284 W. Drained by the n. branch of French cr. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. 10 sch. 696 scholars. Pop. 862. Greenfield, t., Luzerne co., Pa., 30 n. e. Wilkesbarre. The Sustpiehanna r. runs on its n. boundary. The soil is fertile, but better adajjted to grazing than to grain. The village of Carbon- dale is near its e. border. Drained by Elkwood brook, and the branches of Tunkhannock and Lackawannock rivers. It has 3 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac $17,400. Pop. 1,430. Greenfield, t., Bedford co.. Pa., 23 n. Bed- ford. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay and loam. It has the Alleghany mountain w., Dunning's mountain e., and sf)ur.s of the Alleghany .n. e., which extend inUj it. Drained by Bob's and Dunning's creeks, and by the Frankstown, or s. w. branch of Juniatti r. It has 1 sUjre, cap. $2,500; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 dis- tillery, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,070. 1 sell. 32 scholars. Pop. 1,830. Greenfield, p-v., Madison t., Highland co., O., 72 s. w. (Jolumbus, 427 W. Situated on the w. bank of Paint cr. It contuins 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 Baptist, and 1 As- sociate Reformed — 9 stores, 2 tanneries, 30 me- chanic shops, and about 6(X) inhabitants. Ad- joining the V. are fine limestone quarries, suitable for building. There are in the vicinity 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., and 1 saw m. Greenfield, t., Fairfield co., O. It has fine land. The Lancaster lateral canal passes diag- onally through it. Pop. 2,138. GRE 250 GRE Greenfield, t., Gallia co., O. Watered by Symme's cr. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,800. Pop. 639. Greenfield, t., Huron co., O., 106 n. by e. Columbus. It has 10 sch. 330 scholars. Pop. 1,460. Greenfield, p-v., Nelson co., Va., 107 w. by N. Richmond, 149 W. Greenfield, p-v., capital of Hancock co., la., 20 E. Indianapolis, 551 W. It is situated on the National road, i m. w. of Brandy wine cr., and contains a court house, a Methodist church, a seminary, and about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t. 1 saw m., 1 sch. 8 scholars. Pop. 223. Greenfield, t.. La Grange co., la. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000. Cap. in manufac. $80. 1 acad. 50 students, 1 sch. 43 scholars. Pop. 562. Greenfield, p-v., Greene co.. 111., 60 s. w. Springfield, 832 W. Situated in String Prairie, and contains 2 stores, a carding machine, and about 15 dwellings. Greenfield, p-v., Sullivan co., Tenn., 199 e. Nashville, 394 W. Greenfield, p-v., Shelby co., Mo., 136 n. Jef- ferson city, 950 W. Situated 1 m. s. of South f abius r. Greenfield, p-v., capital of Dade co., Mo., 150 s. w. Jefferson city. Greenfield, p-t., Wayne co., Mich., 6 n. w. Detroit, 530 W. Iron ore is found here. It has 1 saw m. Pop. 733. Greenfield, p-v., Milwaukee co., Wis., 92 e. Madison, 814 W. Greenfield Centre, p-o., Greenfield t., Sar- atoga CO., N. Y., 40 N. Albany, 410 W. Greenfield'.s Mills, p-o., Frederick co., Md., 86 N. w. Annapolis, 54 W. Greenford, p-o.. Green t., Columbiana co., O., 15S N. E. Columbus, 294 W. Green Grove, p-o., Armstrong co.. Pa., 190 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 242 W. Green Grove, t., Ray co., Mo. It has 2 sch. 46 scholars. Pop. 564. Green Hill, p-o., Campbell co., Va., 132 w. s. w. Richmond, 219 W. Green Hill, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 146 n. E. Columbus, 294 W. Green Hill, p-o., Wilson co., Tenn., 14 e. Nashville, C07 W. Greenland, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 45 e. s. e. Concord, 488 W. Originally a part of Portsmouth ; incorporated in 1703. The soil is very fertile. It extensively supplies Portsmouth with vegetables and fruit. It has 2 .stores, cap. $2,900 ; 1 fuUing m., 3 grist m., 1 saw m., 5 sen. 136 scholars. Pop. 726. Greenland, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 41 e. Harrisburg, 115 W. Greenland, p-o., Warren co.. 111. Green Mountains, Vt., a range of mountains which commences near New Haven, Ct., and extends through Connecticut, Massachusetts, and the middle of Vermont, between Lake Cham- plain and Connecticut r. In Washington co., Vt., it throws off a branch of inferior height to the N. e., called the height of land dividing the wa- ters which flow into the Connecticut from those which flow into lakes Memphremagog and Champlain ; while the main branch continues n. and is pierced by the large rivers which flow in- \° ^^i^M'^"*™?!"'"- The loftiest summits are Mansfield mountiiin, 4,279 feet above the level of the sea, and Camel's Rump, 4,188 feet. Tiie ibr- mer is a little n., and the latter a little s., of the road from Burlmgton to Montpelier, which passes through this great chain, in the valley of Onion r., witliout encountering any high hills, and in like manner passes down White r. to Connecti- cut r. Green Oak, p-t., Livingston co., Mich., 41 w. by N. Detroit, 53S W. Greenock, p-v., Crittenden co.. Ark., 148 n. E. Little Rock, 933 W. Situated on the w. bank of the Mississippi r. Green Plains, p-o., Northampton co., N. C, 90 N. by e. Raleigh, 204 W. Green Plains, p-o., Hancock co., 111., 139 w. N. w. Springfield, 897 W. Greenport, t., Columbia co., N. Y., 2 s. Hud- son, 30 s. Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel, clay and loam. Hudson r, runs on its w. border. It has 1 fulling ra., 1 woollen fac, 3 sch. 143 scholars. Pop. 1,161. Greenport, p-v., Southold t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 246 s. E. Albany, 326 W. Situated near the N. E. end of Long Island. Incorporated in 1838. It contains 3 churches, several stores, 100 dwel- lings, and about 700 inhabitants. Here are owned several whale ships, besides a consider- able number of smaller vessels, engaged in the coasting trade. The harbor will admit the largest ships, well sheltered from storms, and is rarely obstructed by ice. The Long Island rail- road will terminate here, 93 ms. irom Brooklyn, and 24 by water from Stonington. Green, r., Ky., rises in Lincoln co., and after a course generally w. and n. w., enters the Ohio, 50 ms. above the mouth of Cumberland r., and 200 below Louisville. It is 200 yards wide at its mouth, and is boatable for nearly 200 miles. Green River, p-o., Windham co., Vt., 131 s 3Iontpelier, 426 W. Green River, p-o., Hillsdale t., Columbia co., N. Y., 35 s. s. E. Albany, 363 W. Green River, p-o., Henry co., 111., 144 n. w. Springfield, 873 W Green's, p-o., Jefferson co., Ala., 61 n. e. Tus- caloosa, 771 W. Green's, p-o., Grayson co., Ky., 129 s. w. Frankfort, 671 W. Greensboro', p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 29 n. n. e. Montpelier, 545 W. Chartered in 1781. The surface is uneven ; soil, moderately good. Drain- ed by the head waters of Lamoille r. The out- let of Caspian lake affords water power. It has 1 store, cap. $3,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,200. 7 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 883. Greensboro', p-v., Greene co.. Pa., 196 w. by s. Harrisburg, 204 W. Greensboro', p-v., Caroline co., Md., 59 e. Annapolis, 99 W. Greensboro', p-v., Greene co., Ky., 89 s. s. w. Frankfort, 611 W. Greensboro', p-o., Mecklenburg co., Va., 117 s. s. w. Richmond, 230 W. This has been a place of considerable business, but is now occu- pied by a single private residence, with the ex- ception of a public house. Greensboro', p-v., capital of Guilford co., N. C, 82 w. N. w. Raleigh, 303 W. Situated be- tween the N. and s. branches of Buffalo cr. It contains a court house, jail, a church, the Cald- well Institute, and several neat dwellings. Greensboro , p-v., capital of Greene co., Ga., 44 N. by E. Milledgeville, 604 W. Situated on the Georgia railroad. It contains a court house, jail, banking house, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 8 stores, 55 dwell- ings, and 763 inhabitants. Greensboro", p-v., Greene county, Ala., 40 s. Tuscaloosa, 852 VV. Situated in a rich cotton district. Greensboro', p-v., capital of Choctaw comity, GRE 251 GRE Miss., 110 N. E. Jackson, 945 W. It is situated! on one of the head branches of Big Black river. I Greensboro', p-v., Henry co., la., 40 e. In- dianapolis, 541 W. ! Greexsburg, p-b., capital of Westmoreland Co., Pa., 16S w. Harrisburg, 194 W. It contains a court house, jail, county office.?, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Covenanter, 1 Methodist — 1 academy, 1 female seminary, and 130 dwellings. It has 1 1 stores, cap. $44,800 ; 2 grist ra., 3 saw m. (^ap. in man- ufac. $2,500. 4 sch. 147 scholars. Pop. 800. Greensburg, pv., capital of St. Helena par.. La., 75 N. by w. New Orleans, 1,150 W. Situ- ated on the w. side of Tickfaw r. It has a court house, a U. S. land office, and several dwellings. Greensburg, p-v.. Green t., Trumbull county, O., 185 N. E. Columbus, 319 W. It contains 2 stores, several mechanic shops, 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 115 dwellings, and about 650 inhabitants. Greensburg, p-v., capital of Decatur co., la., 47 s. E. Indianapolis, 550 W. Situated on the " Michigan Road." It contains a court house, 7 stores, and about 800 inhabitants. Green's Fork, p-o., Washington t., Wayne CO., la., 63 E. Indianapolis, 513 W. Green's Fork, t., Randolph co., la. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,700 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,805. 3 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 1,573. Green Spring, p-o., Seneca co., O., 101 n. Columbas, 419 W. Green's Store, p-o., Lawrence co., O., 130 s. by E. Columbus, 414 W. Greenstown, p-v.. Lake t., Stark co., O., 133 N. E. Columbus, 322 W. Greenton, p-o., I-a Fayette co., Mo., 134 n. w. Jefferson city, 1,057 W. Greentree Grove, p-o., Stewart co., Tenn., 86 N. w. Nashville, 744 W. Greenup, co., Ky. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 768 sq. miles. Drained by Little Sandy and Tyger's creeks. The sur- face is hilly, and the land along tlie streams is rich. The hills contain much coal and iron ore. Capital, Greenupsburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle, 4,096, sheep 4,619, swine 9,131 ; wheat 11,635 bushels produced, Ind. corn 189,800, oats 30,465, potatoes 5,410, tobacco 3,000 pounds, sugar 4,925; 15 stores, cap. $49,000; 10 furnaces, 2 forges, 3 tanneries, 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,130. 11 sch. 225 scholars. Pop. whites 5,479, slaves 754, free col'd 64 ; total, 6,297. Greenupsburg, p-v., capital of Greenup co., Ky., 146 E. Frankfort, 429 W. Situated on the s. bank of Oliio r., at the entrance of Little Sandy r. It has a court house, seminary, and about 300 inhabitants. Greenup, p-o.. Coles co., 111., Ill Spnngfield, 689 W. Green Vii.l.4,ge, p-v., Franklin co., Me., 91 n. w. Augusta, 686 W. Greensville, county, Va. Situated on the s. toward the e. part of the state, and contains 325 square miles. Organized from Brunswick co., in 1784. Drained by Brunswick and Meherin rs. Nottaway r. runs on its N. border. Capital, Hicksford. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,436, sheep 4JS63, swine 15,696; wheat 8,860 bushels produced, Ind. corn 229,510, oats 92,943, potatoes 10,655, tobacco 346,100 pounds, cotton .572,629; 6 stores, cap. $38,700; 1 tannery, 11 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $27,400. 1 acad. 30 students, 9 schools. 170 scholars. Pop. whites 1,928, slaves 4,102, free col'd 136 ; total, 6,366. Greenville, district, S. C, situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 705 sq. ms. Tho surface is various, and the soil fertile. Drained by the branches of Saluda r., which runs on its s. w. border, and those of Ennoree. Capital, Greenville. There were in 1810, neat cattle 11,518, sheep 6,515, swine 26,452 ; wheat 37,644 bushels produced, rye 2,6S2. Ind. corn 418,940, oats 49,259, potatoes 18,641, tobacco 1 ,.500 pounds, cotton 137,765 ; 36 stores, cap. $104,230 ; 4 cotton fac. 1,964 sp., 7 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 8 flour- uig m., 65 grist m., 42 saw m., 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufiic. $108,800. 3 acad. 148 students, 23 sch. 524 scholars. Pop. whites 12,491, slaves 5,305, free col'd 43 ; total, 17,839. Greenville, p-t., Piscataquis co., Me., 91 n. E. Augusta, 686 W. Situated at the s. end of Moosenead lake. It has 1 store, 1 grist m., I saw m., 2 sch. 51 scholars. Pop. 128. Greenville, p-v.. Providence co., R. I., 9 w. Providence, 402 W. Greenville, p-t., Greene co., N. Y., 29 s. by w. Albany, 361 W. The surface is broken and hilly ; soil, clay loam, adapted to grass. Drained by Provost and Catskill creeks. It has 9 stores, cap. $19,600 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 dis- tillery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,850. 13 sch. 401 scholars. Pop. 2,338. Greenville, p-v.. Green t., Sussex co., N. J., 71 N. Trenton, 232 W. It contains 1 store, 1 tan- nery, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Greenville, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa., 159 n. e. Harrisburg, 263 W. Greeneville, p-t., Somerset co.. Pa. It has 1 distillery, 20 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,200. Pop. 572. GnEENviLLE, p-v., Augusta CO., Va., 123 w. n. w. Richmond, 165 W. South r. runs through the t., affording water power. It contains 3 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, various mechanic shops, 1 academy, 50 or 60 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Greenville, p-v., capital of Pitt co., N. C, 102 E. by s. Raleigh, 721 W. Situated on the s. side of Tar r., 35 ms. above its entrance into Pamlico sound. It contains a court house, jail, an academy, several stores and dwellings. Greenville, p-v., capital of Meriwether co., Ga., 102 w. Milledgeville, 721 W. It contains a court house, jail, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 10 stores, and 47 dwellings. Greenville, p-v., capital of Butler co., Ala., 141 s. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 883 W. Situated on the w. side of Sepulgah r. Greenville, p-v., capital of Clark co.. Ark., 78 s. w. Little Rock, 1,143 W. Greenville, p-v., capital of Greene co., Tenn., 258 E. Nashville, 437 W. It contain.s Greenville College, founded in 1791, has a president and pro- fessor, 110 alumni, 41 students, and 3,000 vols, in its libraries. The commencement is on the 3d Wednesday in September. This is one of the oldest colleges w. of the Alleghany mountains. Greenville, p-v., capital of Muhlenburg co., Ky., 105 vv. s. vv. Frankfort, 717 W. Situated on a branch of Green r. Greenville, p-v., capital of Darke co., O., 91 w. Columbus, 485 W. Located on the site of old Fort Greenville, where Gen. Wayne con- cluded the celebrated treaty of peace with the Indians, in 1795. Situated just below the junc- tion of Greenville and Mud creeks, and has a hand.some court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Bap- tist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Unitarian. Pop. of that. 2,006. and about 500 inhabitants. Greenville, p-v., Floyd co., Ta., Ill s. In- dianapohs, 612 W. It has 3 stores, 1 mill, a carding machine, and about 200 inhabitants. GRE 252 GRI Greenville, p-v., capital of Bond cc, 111., | 74 s. Springfield, 738 W. Situated on the East fork of Slioal cr. It has a court house, 4 stores, various mechanic shops, and about 250 inhab- itants. Greenville, p-v., capital of Wayne co.. Mo., 113 s. E. Jefferson city, 917 W. Situated on the \v. bank of the St. Francis r. It contains a court house, a few stores, and several dwellings. Greenville, C. H., p-v., capital of Greenville dist., S. C, 107 w. N. w. Columbia, 502 W. Situ- ated near the head of Reedy r. It contains a court house, jail, market house, 3 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist— I male and 1 female academy, 12 stores, 110 dwellings, and 945 inhabitants. Greenville, t., Saline co. Mo. It has 2 sch. 47 scholars. Pop. 451. Greenwich, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 75 w. Boston, 391 W. Watered by Swift r., which affords water power. Incorporated in 1754. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $17,700. 7 sch. 287 scholars. Pop. 824. Greenwich, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 82 s. w. Hartford, 258 W. Watered by Byram r., which enters Long Island sound, on the boundary be- tween Connecticut and New York, and Miannus r. The surface is rough and uneven, and the soil is productive. It furnishes many beautiful views of the sound, and has several fine landing places. Incorporated by the Dutch in 1665, and claimed by New Vork. It has 13 stores, capital $34,400 ; 1 forge, 3 grist m. Cap. in manufuc. $9,800. 6 sch. 326 scholars. Pop. 3,921. Greenwich, p-t., Washington co., N. Y., 35 N. N. E. Albany, 410 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, a fertile gravelly loam. Hudson r. runs on its w. border, and Battenkill r. on its s. It has 8 stores, cap. §30,700 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 5 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,100. 1 acad. 50 students, 15 sch. 393 scholars. Fop. 3,332. Greenwich, Warren co., N. J., 10 s. Bel- videre. The surface is hilly, embracing South mountain ; soil, productive. Drained by Lopat- cong, Pohatcong, and Musconetcong crs., flowing into Delaware r., which bounds it on the w. Mor- ris canal crosses the t. It contains marble, soap- stone, and iron. It has 17 stores, cap. $77,300 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $20,000 ; 1 tannery, 4 flour- ing m., 6 grist m., 8 saw m., 4 oil m., 1 brewery. Cap. in manufac. $127,900. 13 sch. 911 scholars. Pop. 2,902. Greenwich, t., Gloucester co., N. J., 7 s. w. Woodbury. Drained by Mantua, Repaupo, Clon- mel, Crab, and Racoon creeks. It contains 12 stores, cap. $20,630 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufoc. $41,150. 9 sch. 762 scholars. Pop. 2,958. Greenwich, p-t., Cumberland co., N. J., 73 s. s. w. Trenton, 184 W. The surface is level ; soil, generally clay and deep rich loam, and well cultivated. Watered by Newport, Stow, Cohan- sey. Mill, and Pine Mount creeks. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $8,500 ; 1 distillery, 1 tan- "®,'"^',i.S"st m. Cap. in manufac. $13,362. 3 sch. 105 scliolars. Pop. 918. _ Greenwich, t., Berks co.. Pa., 18 n. e. Read- ing. Ihe surface is hilly, and the soil gravelly loam. Sacony cr., a branch of Meriden cr., flows on Its s. Ijorder, and receives Mill creek, and other sma 1 tributaries, which afford water power. It has 1 church, 3 stores, cap. $4,500; 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. m manufac. $3,813. Pop. 1 629 Greenwich, p-t., Huron co., O., 93 n. by e. Co- lumbus, 384 W. It has 3 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m.. 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $^41,600. 3 sch. 194 scholars. Pop. 1,116. Greenwich Village, pv., Greenwich t., Hampshire co., Mass., 73 w. Boston, 393 W. Greenwood, p-t., O.xford co.. Me., 34 w. Au- gusta, 598 W. It is a good agricultural t., with a fertile .soil. Incorporated in 1815. It has 3 stores, cap. $2,400 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $5,000. 307 scholars in schools. Pop. 836. Greenwood, p-t., Steuben co., N. ¥., 233 w. by s. Albany, 318 W. The surface is hilly, and the soil adapted to grazing. Drained by Ben- nett's cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,010. 12 sch. 331 scholars. Pop. 1,138. Greenwood, p-t., Columbia co., Pa., 92 n. n. E. Harrisburg, 202 W. Drained by tributaries of Fishing cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $12,300 ; 2 full- ing m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 6 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,660. 5 sch. 200 schol- ars. Pop. 1,217. Greenwood, t., Crawford co.. Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 2 distilleries, 3 grist rn., 9 saw m., loilm. Cap. in manufac. $7,070. Pop. 1,171. Greenwood, t.. Perry co.. Pa., 10 n. e. Bloom- field. It has 10 stores, cap. $21,800; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly news- papers, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,023. 3 sch. 158 scholars. Pop. 725. Greenwood, t., Juniata co., Pa. Situated on the w. side of the Susquehanna r. It contains 9 sch. 324 scholars. Pop. 1,237. Greenwood, p-v., Laurens dist., S. C, 81 N. w. Columbia, 505 W. Greenwood, p-v., Johnson co., la., 10 s. In- dianapolis, 586 W. It has an academy and a few dwellings. Greenwood, p-v., Caddo parish. La., 150 n. w. New Orleans, 1,300 W. Greersuurg, p-v., or Darlington, 11 n. w. Bea- ver, in the s. w. angle of Little Beaver t., Pa. It contains 1 Presbyterian church, 4 stores, 1 acad- emy, and 60 or 70 dwellings. Gregg, t., Centre co.. Pa. Tlie surface is mountainous ; soil, calcareous loam, and fertile in the valleys. Watered by Sinking cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 7 sch. 245 schol- ars. Pop. 1,671. Greig, t., Lewis co., N. Y. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, various. It is drained by Otter and Fish creeks, and Moose r. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac $100. 8 sch. 248 scholars. Pop. 592. Greigsville, p-o., York t., Livingston co., N Y., 234 w. Albany, 351 W. Grenada, p-v., Yalabusha co.. Miss., 113 n. Jackson, 958 W. Situated on the s. side of the Yalabusha r. It contains a U. S. land office, and several stores and dwellings. Grey Rock, p-o., Harford co., Md. Griffi.\, p-v.. Pike co., Ga., 80 vv. Milledge- vilie, 684 W. Situated on the Monroe railroad, 58 N. w. Macon. Griffinsburg, p-v., Culpepper co., Va., 106 n. w. Richmond, 90 W. It contains 1 store. Griffin's Hollow, p-o., Jackson co., Ala., 193 N. E. Tuscaloosa, 683 W. Griffin's Mills, p-v., Aurora t., Erie co., N. Y., 283 w. Albany, 368 W. Situated on Caze- nove cr., and has 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., and about 20 dwellings. Griggstown, p-v., Franklin t., Somerset co., N. J., 20 N. N. E. Trenton, 194 W. Situated on GRO 253 GUE the E. side of Millstone r. The Delaware and Raritan canal passes through it. It has 1 store, and 6 or 8 dwellings. A copper mine has been wrought in the vicinity of this place, without much success. Griggsville, p-v., Pike co., 111., 61 w. Spring- field, 841 W. Situated 4 w. of Phillip's ferry, on Illinois r., on high ground, near tlie margin of a large undulating prairie. Grimsville, p-o., Berks co., Pa., 77 e. Harris- burg, 169 W. Grisson's Cotton Gin, p-o., Christian co., Ky., 186 w. s. w. Frankfort, 72S W. Griswold, p-t., New London co., Ct., 50 e. s. E. Hartford, 363 W. Taken from the n. part of Preston, in 1815. Qiiinebaug r. runs on its w. border, and, at Jewett city, a romantic manufac- turing village, containing about 1,000 inhabit- ants, it affords extensive water power. Pochaug r. passes through the t., and enters the Quinebaug at Jewett city. It has 7 stores, cap. $11,000; 7 cotton fac. 9,667 sp., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $297,450. 1 acad. 15 students, 13 sell. 496 scliolars. Pop. 2,165. Griswold, p-o., Hamilton co., 111., 167 s. s. e. Springfield, 787 W. Griswold City, p-v., Franklin co.. Mo., 62 e. JefTerson city, 884 W. Situated on the s. bank of the Missouri r. Griswold's Mills, p-o.. Fort Ann t., Wash- ington CO., N. Y., 61 N. N. e. Albany, 433 W. Grogansville, p-o., Rockingham co., N. C, 127 N. w. Raleigh, 285 W. Grooversville, p-o., Thomas co., Ga., 279 s. G. w. Milledgeville, 923 W. Groton, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 42 n. n. w. Concord, 510 W. Watered by Baker's r. In- corporated in 1796. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $5,850. 10 sch. 295 scholars. Pop. 870. GrotOiX, p-t., Caledonia co., Vt., 29 e. by s. Montpelier, 531 W. The surface is uneven and rough, but it has some good land. Drained by Wells r. and its branches, which afford water power. It has several ponds, through one of which Wells r. passes. Chartered in 1789. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanner- ies, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $8,950. 9 sch. 332 scholars. Pop. 928. Grotox. p-r., Middlesex co., Mass., 33 N. w. Boston, 429 W. Watered by Nashua and Squanecook rivers. Chartered in 1655. It has a flourishing female seminary. It has 6 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 1 paper fac, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,000. 1 acad. 70 students, 14 sch. 747 scholars. Pop. $2,139. Groto.v, p-t., New London co., Ct., 45 s. e. Hartford, 354 W. Situated on the e. side of Thames r., at its mouth, opposite to New Lon- ilon. The surface is hilly and rough, with some good land, particularly on Thames r. Watered by Pequonnuck and Mystic rivers. It has a good harbor on Mystic r., and some whaling and other vessels are owned here. Fort Griswold, one of the fortifications for the defence of the harbor of New London, is on Groton Heights. There is a granite monument, 127 feet high, erected to com- memorate the patriots who defended this place when attacked under the traitor Arnold, in Sept., 1781, and who were barbarously killed, mostly after they had surrendered. The fort was com- manded by Col. Ledyard, brother of the celebra- ted traveller, who was slain with his own sword, as he surrendered it. It has 14 stores, capital $22,300 ; 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §13,710. 2' acad. 43 students, 11 sch. 759 schol- ars. Pop. 2,963. Groton, p-t., Tompkins co., N. V., 162 w. by s. Albany, 312 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile gravelly loam. Drained by Fall cr. The v. is situated on an inlet to Owasco lake, and contains 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, a flourishing academy, 4 stores, 1 flouring m., 3 saw m., 1 furnace, 1 carding machine, and 1 carriage fac, 50 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. There are in the t. 10 stores, cap. $39,500 ; 1 fur- nace, 3 fulling m., 4 tanneries, I printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $40,250. 1 acad. 185 students, 21 sch. 1,217 scholars. Pop. 3,618. Groton, p-t., Erie co., O., 95 n. Columbus, 405 W. Dramed by Pipe cr. It has 3 sch. 198 scholars. Pop. 854. Grove, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 261 w. s. w. Albany, 347 W. The surface is undulating, and the soil sandy loam. Drained by Cashaque and Canaseraga creeks. It has 4 sch. 218 schol- ars. Pop. 623. Grove, p-o., Chester co.. Pa., 75 E. s. e. Har- rLsburg, 121 W. Grove, t., Clinton co.. Pa. It has 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. Pop. 239. Grove, p-o., Chatham co., N. C, 20 w. Ra- leigh, 318 W. Grove Hill, p-o., Warren co., N. C, 73 n. e. Raleigh, 219 W. Grove Hill, p-o., Madison co., Ga., 85 n. Mil- ledgeville. Grove Hill, p-o., Clark co., Ala., 129 s. Tus- caloosa, 928 W. Groveland, t., Livingston co., N. Y., 236 w. Albany. The surface is elevated and ridgy ; soil, mostly sand and clay loam. Conesus lake lies on its N. E. border. Drained by Canaseraga cr It has 3 stores, cap. $7,700 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $13,533. 11 sch. 446 scholars. Pop. 2,000. Groveland, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 44 n. w. Detroit, 568 W. It has 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,533. Pop. 655. Groveland, p-v., Tazewell co., HI., 62 n. Springfield, 776 W. Groveland Centre, p-o., Groveland t., Liv- ingston CO., N. Y., 236 w. Albany, 341 W. Grove Level, p-o., Franklin co., Ga., 105 n. Milledgeville, 620 W. Grove Mount, p-o.. Dyer co., Tenn. Groves, p-o., Fayette co., la., 54 e. Indianapo- lis, 525 W. Groveton, p-o.. Prince William co., Va., 107 N. Richmond, 33 W. Gru.ndv, county, 111. Situated in tlie n. e. part of the state. It contains 324 sq. ms. The surface is level ; soil, very fertile. The Illinois r. takes its name on its eastern line, at the junc- tion of the Des Plaines and the Kankakee rivers, and passes w. through the centre of the county. The C. H. is about to be erected on the n. side of the Illinois, a little w. of the centre of the county. Grundv, county. Mo. Situated in the n. part of the state. The surface is level, and slopes to the s. ; soil, rich prairie land. Drained by the e. fork of Grand r., Medicine and Muddy crs. Cap- ital, Trenton. Guernsey, county, O. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 676 sq. ms. Named from the island of Guernsey, near the coast of France, from which a considerable number of its early settlers came. The surface is hilly ; soil, moderately good. Watered by Wills cr. and its branches. Grapes, from which wine is made, have been successfully cultivated on the sides of its hills, which also afford good pastiu^age GUI 254 GUY Capital, Cambridge. There were in 1840, neat caitle 18:285, sheep 41,583, swine 29,868; wheat 407,319 bush, produced, rye 7,3:.;5, Indian corn 60i,l59, buckwheat 13,773," oats 438,741, potatoes 84,695, tobacco 1,774,129 pounds, sugar 34,420; biluminous coal 55,858 bush. ; 55 stores, capital §150,635; 18 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 2 potteries, 20 flouring m., 59 grist m., 74 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. g)155,3J2. 2 colleges, 80 students, 2 acad. 83 stu- dents, 63 sch. 2,081 scholars. Pop. 27,748. GuiLDERLAND, p-t., Albany co., N. V'., 9 w. Albany, 379 W. The surface is level, and the soil indifferent. Drained by Norman's kill. It has 15 stores, cap. $13,450; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- len fac, 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $6,950. 650 scholars in sch. Pop. 2,790. GuiLDERLAND CENTRE, p-o., Guilderland t., Albany co., N. Y., 12 w. Albany, 382 W. Guildhall, p-t., capital of Essex co., Vt., 71 E. N. E. Montpelier, 568 W. Situated on the w. side of Connecticut r., across wliich here are 2 bridges. The surface is uneven and rough, ex- cepting along tlie r. First settled in 1764. It has some small streams which afford mill seats. The v., in the n. e. comer, contains a court house, jail, and a number of dwellings. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw mills. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 1 acad. 61 students, 4 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 470. Guilford, coimty, N. C. Situated toward the N. w. part of state, and contains 672 sq. miles. Drained by the head waters of Deep and Haw rivers. The battle of Guilford Court House, in 1781, has been celebrated in the history of the revolutionary war. Capital, Greensboro'. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1 1,629, sheep 13,462, swme 30,528 ; wheat 57,728 bush, produced, rye 1,090, Ind. corn 464,962, oats 36,884, potatoes 8,136, tobacco 8,705 pounds, cotton 126,989 ; 30 stores, cap. .$124,948 ; 1 cotton fac. 2,500 sp., 16 tanneries, 275 distilleries, 24 flouring m., 48 grist m., 39 saw m., 4 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 week- ly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $216,335. 3 acad. 152 students, 13 sch. 33!) scholars. Pop. 1830, 18,735 ; 1840, whites 15,891, slaves 2,647, free col'd 637 ; total, 19,175. Guilford, p-t., Piscataquis co.. Me., 75 n. n. K. Augusta, 670 W. It has a fine soil, adapted to wheat. Watered by Piscataquis r. and its branch- es. It has a pleasant v., where are a number of mills. It has 7 sch. 404 scholars. Population, 892. Guilford, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 124 s. Mont- pelier, 419 W. Situated on the s. border of the state. The soil is fertile, adapted both to grain and grazing. Watered by Green r. and Broad brook, which afford water power. It has 4 stores, cap. $17,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $49,600. 14 sch. 496 scholars. Pop. 1,525. Guilford, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 52 s. Hartford, 316 W. First settled in 1639. The borough was incorporated in 1815, is pleasantly located, and the houses are neat, though many of them are antiquated in their appearance. It has 2 churches— 1 Congregational and 1 Episcopal— and 150 dwellmgs. Tliis place is much resorted to for sea air and bathing. A stone dwelling is here .standing, built in 1640, and supposed to be the oldest house now standing in the United States. It has 16 stores, cap. $31,850 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap in man- ufac. $29,000. 1 acad. 60 students, 16 sch 640 scholars. Pop. 2,421. Guilford, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y , 102 w Albany, 3^1 W. It has a hiUy and broken sun face, and a fertile soil. Unadilla r. flows on its E. boundary. The v. contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t., 8 stores, cap. $24,500 ; 4 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 4 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $41,350. 21 sch. 837 scholars. Pop. 2,827. Guilford, t., Franklin co.. Pa., 6 s. e. Cham- bersburg. The e. branch of Conecocheague cr. runs on its w. boundary, and receives several tri- butaries, which afford water power. The sur- face is level, and the soil rests on limestone and slate. It has 5 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 6 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $15,500. 10 sch. 367 scholars. Pop. 3,125. Guilford, p-o., Madison co., O. Guilford, t., Medina co., O. It has a good soil, adapted to grain and to grazing. It contains the flourishing v. of Seville. There are in the t., 1 store, cap. $1,100 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,425. 9 sch. 290 schol- ars. Pop. 1,400. Guilford, t., Hendricks co., la. Guilford, v., Hanover t., Columbiana co., O Pop. 216. It has 1 sch. 40 scholars. Guilford, p-o., Accomack co., Va., 207 e. Richmond, 183 W. Guilford Centre, p-v., Guilford t, Wind- ham CO., Vt., 128 s. Montpelier, 423 W. Guilford Centre, p-o., Guilford t., Chenan- go CO., N. Y. GuiNEYS, p-o., and depot, Caroline co., Va., 49 N. Richmond, 12 s. Fredericksburg, 68 W. Sit- uated on the Richmond and Potomac railroad. GuiONSviLLE, p-o., Dearborn co., la., 89 s. e. Indianapolis, 529 W. Gulf, p-o., Chatham co., N. C, 50 w. s. w. Raleigh, 338 W. Situated on the n. side of Deep river. Gulf Mills, p-o., Montgomery co.. Pa., 88 e. Harrisburg, 153 W. Gullitsville, p-v., Monroe co., Ga., 60 w. Milledgeville, 667 W. Situated near the mouth of Towelagga r. It contains an academy, 2 stores, and several dwellings. GuLLEY, p-o., Darlington dist., S. C, 116 e. n. E. Columbia, 456 W. Gum Branch, p-o., Darlington dist., S. C, 100 E. N. E. Columbia, 482 W. Gum Spring, p-o., Louisa co., Va., 34 n. w. Richmond, 157 W. Gum Spring, p-o., Clinton co.. 111., 86 s. Spring- field, 761 W. Gum Swamp, p-o., Columbus co., N. C, 145 s Raleigh, 433 W. Gum Tree, p-o., Chester co.. Pa., 63 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 112 W. Gustavus, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 190 n. e. Co- lumbus, 313 W. The surface is undulating, and the soil adapted to grain and to grazing. There is not a waste acre of land in the t. Drained by branches of Beaver r. It contains 1 Presbyte- rian and 1 Methodist church. It has 10 sch. 450 scholars. Pop. 1,195. Gustavus, p-o., Greene co., Tenn., 245 e. Nashville, 448 W. Gotiiriesville, p-o., Chester CO., Pa., 63 e. s. e. Harrisburg. GuTHHiEsviLLE, p-o., York dist., S. C, 72 n. Columbia, 437 W. Guyan, t., Gallia co., O. Organized in 1826, and watered by a creek of the same name. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000. Pop. 343. Guyandotte, r., Va., rises in Logan co., and flows N. N. w., and passes through Cabell co., and enters the Ohio below Barbersville. It is about 100 ms. long. Little Guyandotte r. enters HAD 255 HAE the Ohio between the above and Great Kanawha rivers. GuYANnoTTE, p-v., Cabell co., Va., 359 w. n. w. Richmond, 396 W. Situated on the Ohio r., at the entrance of Gnyandotte r., on the point of land between these rivers, and contains 1 ctiurch, free to all denominations, 5 stores, 1 steam grist m. and saw m., 1 carding machine, 1 tannery, various mechanic shops, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Guys Mills, p-o., Crawford co., Pa., 246 n. w. Harrisburg, 319 W. GuYSviLLE, p-o., Athens co., O., 86 s. e. Co- lumbus, 335 W. Gwinnett, county, Ga. Situated centrally toward tlie n. part of the state, and contains 648 sq. ms. Watered by branches of Chattahoochee, Ocmulgee, and Oconee rivers, and divides the waters which flow into the Atlantic, from those which flow into the Gulf of Mexico. Capital, Lawrenceville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,792, sheep 4,525, swine 18,297 ; wheat 47,011 bush, produced, rye 764, Ind. corn 317,701, oats 53,599, potatoes 9,799, tobacco 2,828 pounds, cot- ton 45,297 ; 19 stores, cap. $45,900 ; 2 tanneries, 21 distilleries, 33 grist m., 18 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,805. 2 acad. 81 students, 11 sch. 224 scholars. Pop. whiles 8,552, slaves 2,238, free col'd 14; total, 10,804. GwYNNED, p-t., Montgomery co., Pa., 95 e. Harrisburg, 159 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, sandy loam. Watered by Wissahickon and Towamensing creeks. It has a church in the centre of the t. It contains 4 stores, cap. $5,500 ; 3 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 acad. 50 students, 1 sch. i 30 scholars. Pop. 1,589. H. Habersham, county, Ga. Situated in the n. E. part of the state, and contains 760 sq. ms. The surface is mountainous. Turoree r., a branch of Tugaloo r., runs on its n. e. boundary. Watered by head branches of Chattahoochee r. Organ- ized in 1820. Capital, Clarksville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,365, sheep 2,909, swine 10,646 ; wheat 11,659 bush, produced, rye 2,441, Ind. corn 153,768, oats 21,877, potatoes 9,345, to- bacco 4,685 pounds, cotton 63,777 ; 10 stores, cap. $18,600 ; 1 furnace, 1 smelting house, pro- ducing gold to the amount of $14,431, 3 tanne- ries, 13 distilleries, 3 potteries, 22 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,450. 1 acad. 35 stu- dents, 9 sch. 212 scholars. Pop. whites 7,007, slaves 942, free col'd 12; total, 7,961. Habolochitto, p-o., Hancock co., Miss., 168 s. Jackson, 1,118 W. Hackensack, r., N. J., rises in Rockland lake, Rockland co., N. Y., and pursues a southwardly course, about 40 ms., to its entrance into Newark bay. In the upper part of its course, it is a fine mill stream. It meets the tide at Hackensack t., after which its course is through a marsh to the bay. Hackensack, p-v.. New Barbadoes t., capital of Bergen co., N. J., 14 n. by w. New York, 76 N. e. Trenton, 242 W. Situated on the w. side of Hackensack r., and contains a large brick court house, the county offices, in a fire proof brick edifice, 3 churches — 1 Dutch Reformed, and 2 seceders from it — 2 academies, 10 stores, 150 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Sev- eral sloops ply between tliis place and New York. Hackensack, t., Bergen co., N. J., 13 n. by w. New York, is situated between tlie Hacken- sack and Hudson rivers. It is a rich agricultu- ral t., well cultivated. The Hackensack r. is navigable for sloops to the n. boundary of the t., afibrding it a ready access to market. It has 5 stores, cap. $8,400 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $1,000 ; 1 fulling m., 9 grist m., 6 .^aw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $3,000. 6 sch. 281 scholars. Pop. 2,631. HACiiETTSTOWN, p-v.. Independence t., War- ren CO., N. J., 61 N. Trenton, 222 W. Sityated between the Morris canal and 3Iusconetcong r., which are here one mile apart. It contains 1 Presbyterian and one Methodist church, an academy, 5 stores, 2 flouring m., 1 clover m., 1 woollen fac, and 40 dwellings. Hackney's Cross Roads, p-o., Chatham co., N. C, 27 w. Raleigh, 315 W. Haddam, p-t., semi-capital of Middlesex co., Ct., 23 s. Hartford, 334 W. It is situated on both sides of Connecticut r. Incorporated in 1668. The surface is uneven and rough ; soil, gravelly loam. The lands bordering on the r., though not generally alluvial, are smooth and fertile. Freestone is extensively quarried here, and exported to the amount of about $70,000 an- nually. The t. contains 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 2 Methodist churches. The princi- pal V. contains a court house, jail, a Congrega- tional church, and an academy. There are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $24,800 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $71,700. 1 acad. 112 students, 14 sch. 728 scholars. Population, 2,599. Haddonfield, p-v., Newton t., Glocester co^ N. J., 35 s. w. Trenton, 145 W. It is situated on Cooper cr., and contains some good houses on an extended street, 2 churches— 1 Friends and 1 Baptist — 7 stores, 2 grist m., 1 woollen fac, and 2 tanneries. Haddonsville, p-v., Todd co., Ky., 190 s. w. Frankfort, 714 W. Hadley, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass^ 90 w. Boston, 383 W. Situated on the e. side of Con- necticut r., opposite to Northampton, with which it is connected by a bridge 1,080 feet long. In- corporated in 1661. The alluvial meadows on Connecticut r. are exceedingly fertile. The v. is chiefly built on 2 streets, one of which is a mile long and 20 rods wide, and contains a Con- gregational church, and Hopkins Academy, a flourishing institution. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $15,800 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $69,525. 1 acad. 91 stu- dents, 10 sch. 466 scholars. Pop. 1,814. Hadley, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 58 n. Alba- ny, 427 W. The surface is hilly and mountain- ous. Hudson r. bounds it on the e. W^atered by Sacandaga r., which here unites with the Hudson. Just above the entrance of Sacanda- ga r., are Hadley falls, in Hudson r. It has 1 store, 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,630. 6 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 865. Hadley, p-t., Lapeer co., Mich., 58 n. Detroit, 581 W. It has 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 365. Hadley, p-v.. Will co., 111., 174 n. e. Spring- field, 751 W. Hadley's Mills, p-o., Chatham co., N. C.,45 w. Raleigh, 329 W. Hadlyme, p-v., East Haddam t.. New London CO., Ct., 39 s. Hartford, 338 W. It contains 2 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Congregational — and seve- ral dwellings. Haerlem, p-v., New York co., N. Y., 7i n. n. e. New York, 150 s. Albany, 232 W. Situated on Haerlem r., on a plain, and contains 4 churches HAL 256 HAL 1 Episcopal, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Methodist. and 1 Roman Catholic — 10 stores, 1 railroad car and coach fac, 2 carriage and wagon fac, 1 car- pet lac, and 1 lumber yard. A toll bridge here crosses Ilaerlem r. The Haerlem railroad passes through the place, and cars communicate with the City Hall, New York, several times an hour. Omnibuses also run continually to the Bowery, through the Third Avenue, a beautifully Macad- amized road. Haerlem belongs to the 12th ward of the city. Haerlem, p-t., Delaware co., O., 27 n. by e. Columbus, 398 W. Situated in the n. e. corner of the county, and possesses a fertile soil. It has 6 sch. 129 scholars. Pop. 963. Haerlem Springs, p-o., Carroll co., O., 131 E. N. E. Columbus, 290 W. Hagerman's Mills, p-v., Amsterdam t., Mont- fomery c6., N. Y., 36 w. n. w. Albany, 404 W. lere are 1 church, 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 carpet fac, and about 25 dwellings. Hagerstown, p-v., capital of Washington co., Md., 26 N. w. Frederick, 70 w. Baltunore, 101 n. w. Annapolis, 69 W. It is pleasantly situated on the w. bank of Antictam cr. It is regularly laid out, and built mostly with stone or brick houses, and contauis a handsome court house, which cost $50,000, a jail, 2 banks, 2 academies, a town hall, masonic hall, an almshouse, 9 churches — 1 Ger- man Reformed, 1 Lutheran, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcoptd, 2 Methodist, 1 Roman Catholic, and 2 African ; 40 stores of different kinds, 2 for- warding and commission houses, 5 printing of- fices, and 4 daily or weekly newspapers, 400 dwellings, and 3,750 inhabitants. Hagerstown, p-v., Monroe t., Preble co., O., 103 w. Columbus, 496 W. Hagerstown, p-v., Wayne co., la., 60 e. In- dianapolis, 522 W. Situated on the w. side of the west fork of White Water r. Hague, p-t., Warren co., N. Y., 91 n. Albany, 464 W. The surface is hilly or mountainous. Bounded e. by Lake George. It has 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 6 sch. 265 scholars. Pop. 610. Hague, p-v., Westmoreland co., Va., 76 n. e. Richmond, 135 W. Hague, p-v., Logan co., Ky., 174 s. w. Frank- fort, 6S8 W. Hains, t.. Centre co.. Pa., 19 e. Bellefonte. The surface is mountainous ; soil, in the valleys, calcareous loam. Two creeks, running w. some distance, are lost in limestone fissures. It con- tains the villages of Aaronsburg and Millheim. It has 1 furnace, 4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $24,300. Pop. 2,002. Halcottsville, p-o., Miadletown t., Dela- ware CO., N. Y., 72 w. s. w. Albany, 345 W. Hale, p-o., Shelby co., O., 78 w. N. w. Colum- bus, 472 W. Hale, t.. Harden co., O. Pop. 267. Halesford, p-o., Franklin co., Va., 163 w. s. vv. Richmond, 238 W. Haleysburg, p-o., Lunenburg co., Va., 93 s. w. Richmond, 195 W. Half Acre, v., Putnam co., Ga. It has a JMethodist church, an academy, 3 stores, and sev- eral dwellings. c. "'^''J P,"^' P-°-' Lake CO., 111., 232 n. n. e. bpnngfield, 738 W. Ai^'"^^o^l°?,^' P/i' Saratoga co.. N. Y., 13 n. Albany, 3S3 W. The surface is generally level ; soil sand, sandy loam and clay, and productive. Hudson r runs on its e. border. The Champlain canal and Rensselaer and Saratoga railroad pass through the t. It has 8 stores, cap. $15,550 : 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 grist in., 2 saw m Capital m manufactures $13,990. 1 academy 69 students, 2 schools, 86 scholars. Population, 2,631. Half Moon, p-t., Centre co.. Pa., 99 n. w. Harrisburg, 180 W. The surface is mountainous ; soil, in the valleys, calcareous loam. Watered by Bald Eagle cr. and Half Moon run, a branch of Spruce cr. A ridge of the Alleghany moun- tains forms its w. boundary, E. of which is Bald Eagle valley, bounded e. by Bald Eagle ridge. It has 4 stores, cap. $12,0C0; 1 furnace, 1 tan- nery, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $30,500. 6 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1,406. Half Way Swamp, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 82 w. Columbia, 532 W. Halifax, county, Va., situated, centrally, on the s. border of tlie state, and contains 759 square miles. Staunton r. runs on its n. border. Wa- tered by Bannister and Dan rivers, and their branches. The soil is fertile. Capital, Bannister. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,614, sheep 17,431, swine 30,981; wheal 78,164 bush, prod., Ind. corn 598,251, oats 231,277, potatoes 15,546, tobacco 6,209,51 1 poimds, cotton 22,289 ; 20 stores, cap. $170,900; 7 tanneries, 1 distillery, 9 flour- ing in., 32 grist m., 38 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $239,000. 1 college, 14 acad. 298 students, 24 sch. 511 scholars. • Pop. wliites 11,145, slaves 14,216, free col'd 575 ; total, 25,936. Halifax, comity, N. C, situated toward the N. E. part of the state, and contains 720 square ms. Roanoke r. rmis on its .\. e. border, and Fishing cr. on its s. border, by branches of which it is watered. Vessels of 45 tons ascend the Roanoke to the capital of the co. The soil is fer- tile. Capital, Halifax. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,392, sheep 8,270, swine 38,651 ; wheat 1 1,230 bush, prod., Ind. corn. 669,325, oats 72,032, potatoes 49,162, tobacco 147,246 pounds, cotton 2,905,573; 4 commission houses, cap. $5,100 ; 29 stores, cap. $132,330 ; 34 grist m., 7 saw in., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufae. $19,875. 9 acad. 153 students, 10 sch. 118 scholars. Pop. whites 5,623, slaves 9,405, free col'd 1,837 ; total, 16,865. Halifax, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 136 s. Mont- pelier, 421 W. The surface is elevated and un- even, and the soil fertile, and w'ell adapted to grazing. Watered by Green river, a branch of Deerfield r., and by North r., both of which afford good water power. On a branch of North r. is a succession of cascades, extending 100 rods, with falls, from 15 to 20 ffeet each. It has 2 stores, cap. $9,000; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $8,125. 1 acad. 100 students, 15 sch. 491 scholars. Pop. 1,399. Halifax, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 36 s. s. e. Boston, 436 W. The surface is generally level, and much of the soil fertile. Several large ponds, by their outlets, afford water power. Incorpo- rated in 1734. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 300 sp., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $23,000. 5 sch. 139 scholars. Pop. 734. Halifa.x, p-t., Daupliin co.. Pa., 23 n. Harris- burg, 133 W. Bounded w. by the Susquehanna r. The surface is hilly ; soil, red shale. Peter's mountain bounds it on the s., and a ridge runs through it. The v. is situated on the E. bank of Susquehanna r. Armstrong cr. flows e. of the v., near which it moves a mill, and enters the Susquehanna, one mile above. It has 4 stores, and about 80 dwellings. There are in the t., 13 stores, cap. $31,750 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 3 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $4,735 ; 7 sch. 445 scholars. Pop. 2,603. HAL 257 HAM Halifax, p-v., capital of Halifax co., Va., 127 s. w. Richmond, 214 W. It is known by the name of Banister. Situated on the s. side of Banister r., 10 miles below the head of naviga- tion. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churches — 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist — a masonic hall, 4 stores, various mechanic shops, 2 flouring m., 2 saw m., 2 cotton gins, 25 or 30 dwellings, and 250 or 300 inhabitants. Halifax, p-v., port of entry, and capital of Halifax co., N. C, 80 n. e. Raleigh, 220 W. Pleasantly situated on the w. bank of Roanoke r., 7 miles below the great falls, at the head of sloop navigation. It is regularly laid out, and contains a court house, jail, a bank, a church, and lias considerable trade. By means of a canal around the falls, the Roanoke is navigable for boats, 130 miles above this place. Halifax, p-v., Wilson county, Tenn., 24 e. Nashville, 660 W. Halifax, p-v., Kemper co., Miss., 101 e. n. e. Jackson, 913 W. Hall, county, Ga. Situated toward the N. E. part of the state, and contains 525 sq. ms. The surface is hilly ; and the soil, in some places, ex- cellent. Watered by Sooque r., with its branch- es, which unite with Chestatee r., on the w. bor- der of the CO., to form the Chattahoocliee river. Capital, Gainesville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,697, sheep 4,199; swine 12,041; wheat 24,496 bushels prod., rye 868, Ind. corn 224,395, barley 10, oats 39,446, potatoes 8,950, tobacco 19,190 pounds, cotton 482,313; 16 stores, cap. $33,600 ; 4 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 34 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $35,994. 2acad. 40 students, 13 scli. 313 scholars. Pop. whites 6,773, slaves 1,099, free col'd 3; total, 7,875. Hallett's Cove, p-v.. Queens co., N. Y. (See Astoria.) Halloca, p-o., Muscogee co., Ga., 140 w. s. w. Mill edge ville, 773 W. Hallowell, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 2 s. Augusta, 593 W. The village is pleasantly situ- ated on the w. side of Kennebec r. The prin- cipal streets run parallel with the river, ancl are crossed by other streets, which ascend as they proceed back from the r., to the height of 200 ieet. The principal business street runs near the r., and contains a large number of fine brick stores and warehouses. The houses are built with neatness and taste, and have commanding situations. Vessels of 150 tons, and drawing 9 feet of water, come toils wharves. It has con- siderable shipping, engaged chiefly in the coast- ing trade. Steamboats ply between this place. Hall's Corners, p-o., Seneca t., Ontario co., N. Y., 184 w. Albany, 337 W. Hall's Cross Roads, p-o., Harford co., 3Id., 59 N. Annapolis, 69 W. Hall's Mills, p-v., Rensselaerville t., Albany CO., N. Y., 31 Albany, 364 W. Here are 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and about 20 dwell- ings. Hall's Store, p-o., Sussex co., Del., 66 s. Dover, 153 W. Hall's Valley, p-o., Morgan co., O., 77 e. Columbus, 336 W. Hallsville, p-o., Minden t., Montgomery co N. Y., 58 w. N. w. Albany, 339 W. Hallsvillf., p-v., Duplin co., N. C, 97 s e Raleigh, 327 W. Hallsville, p-o., Coleraine t., Ross co., O., 63 s. Columbus, 408 W. Hallsville, p-v., Chester dist., S. C, 52 n. Columbia, 476 W. Hallstown, p-v., Jefferson co., Va., 172 n. Richmond, 61 W. Hambaugh's, p-o., Warren co., Va., 147 n. n. w. Richmond, 93 W. Hambqrg, p-v., Lyme t.. New London co., Ct., 34 s. s. E. Hartford. 338 W. ^Hamburg, p-t., p]rie co., N. Y., 300 w. Albany, 372 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, a fer- tile calcareous loam, adapted to grain or grass. Drained by Smokes, Rush, and Cauquaga creeks, flowing into Lake Erie, which bounds it on the w. It has 3 stores, cap. $35,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,100; 31 sch. 1,333 scholars. Pop. 3,727. PIamburg, p-v., Vernon t., Sussex co., N. J., 86 N. Trenton, 251 W. Situated near the e. bank of Wallkill r. It contains 1 church, belong- ing to the Presbyterians and Baptists, 4 stores, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., and about 20 dwellings. Hamburg, p-v., Windsor t., Berks co.. Pa., 68 e. n. e. Harrisburg, 161 W. Situated near the Schuylkill Water Gap of Blue mountain, and contains 1 cliurch, common to Lutherans and German Presbyterians, 5 stores, 1 grist m., 100 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. Hamburg, p-v., Edgefield dist., S. C, 79 s. w. Columbia, 574 W. Situated on the e. side of Savannah r., opposite to Augusta, Ga., with which it is connected by a bridge, 1,000 feet long. The South Caroluia railroad, 135^ miles long, connects this place with Cliarleston, and cost $1,750,000. The v. is divided into the upper and lower town. Tlie latter, where most of the business is done, is on the bank of the r. Back of the r. the ground rises abruptly to the height of 60 or 70 feet, on the top of wliich the upper and Portland, and Boston. Granite is found in town is built, having many commanding and airy Hallowell, and extensively exported. It is of a situations. It is regularly laid out, and contains light color, and is easily wrought The t. extends on both sides of the river. It has 4 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. .$13,500. 1 acad. 36 students, 29 sch. 950 scholars. Pop. 4,654. Hallowell Cross Roads, p-o., Kennebec CO., Me., 4 w. by s. Augusta. 598 W. Hall's Stream, N. H., a small r., rises in the highlands which form the n. e. boundary of the United States, and flows into Connecticut river, forming its n. w. source. By the late treaty, tliis stream constitutes a part of the boundary of the United States, until it intersects the old line of 1784, marked as 45° n. lat., but which is now- ascertained to be a little north of 45 degrees. The old line, however, is fixed on as the perma- nent boundary. Hallsborough, p-o., Chesterfield co., Va., 18 s. Richmond, 135 W. It contains 1 Baptist church, 1 store, and several dwellings. 33 a bank, a printing oflice, many large stores and warehouses, 450 dwellings, and about 2,500 in- habitants. Hamburg, p-v., Macon co., Ga., 88 s. w. Mil- ledgeville, 744 W. Situated 4 ms. w. of Flint r. Hamburg, p-v., Perry co., Ala., 65 s. Tusca- loosa, 841 W. Hamburg, p-v., Calhoun co., 111., 95 s. w. Springfield, 865 W. Situated on the E. side of Mississippi r. It has a good landing. It contains 3 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 grist m. Cap. in manu- fac. $30,500. 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 214. Hamburg, p-v., Hardin co., Tenn., 140 s. w. Nashville, 817 W. Hamburg, p-t., Livingston co., Mich., 51 w. n. w. Detroit, 544 W. It is a fertile t., and has 2 stores, cap. $8,000; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 6 sch. 173 scholars. Pop. 602. HAM 258 HAM Hamburg, p-v., Clarke co., la., 120 s. by e. Indianapolis, 605 W. Hamburg, p-o., Franklia co., Miss., 95 s. w. Jackson, 1,104 W. Hamburg on the Lake, p-v., Hamburg t., Erie co., N. Y., 300 w. Albany, 379 W. Situated on the E. shore of Lake Erie, and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 2 tanneries, and about 30 dwell- ings. Hamden, p-t., Delaware cc, N. Y.,89 w. s. w. Albany, 329 W. The surface is broken and mountainous ; soil, various. Drained by vv. branch of Delaware r. It has 5 stores, cap. $8,300 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,350. 13 sch. 461 scholars. Pop. 1,469. Hamden, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 33 s. s. w. Hartford, 306 W. Situated between two moun- tain ranges, terminating at East and West Rock, near New Haven. Soil adapted to grazing. Drained by Mill r., which affords water power. The v. of Whitney ville is situated in the s. E. part of the t., and has some mills and manufac- tories. The Farmington canal passes through the t. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $47,300. 10 sch. 529 scholars. Pop. 1,797. Hamersville, p-o., Clark t., Brown co., O., 115 s. s. w. Columbus, 474 W. Hamilton, county, N. Y. Situated in the n. E. part of the state, and contains 1,064 sq. miles. Erected in 1816, organized in 1839. The surface is elevated, and in part hilly and mountamous, abounding with numerous small lakes and ponds. Drained by Indian and Sacandaga rivers, branch- es of the Hudson r., and Moose and Racket riv- ers. The middle and n. parts are a wilderness. Iron ore extensively exists. Capital, Lake Pleas- ant. There were m 1840, neat cattle 2,056, sheep 3,263, swine 1,034; wheat 3,021 bush, produced, Ind. com 3,660, buckwheat 2,843, oats 13,697, potatoes 45,264, sugar 35,156 pounds ; 3 stores, cap. $9,500 ; 2 grist m., 22 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $15,415. 13 sch. 579 scholars. Pop. 1,907. Hamilton, county, O. Situated in the s. vv. corner of the state, and contains 400 sq. miles. The soil is productive, and well adapted to grain and fruit. Watered by Little and Big Miami, and Whitewater rivers, and Mill and Deer creeks. The Ohio r. washes its s. border. Capital, Cin- cinnati. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,370, sheep 17,271, swine 51,833; wheat 213,815 bush, produced, rye 14,381, Ind. corn 1.356,889, buck- wheat 2,036, barley 25,107, oats 290,670, potatoes 120,355 ; 42 commercial and 36 com. houses, cap. $5,200,000; 1,139 stores, cap. $12,961,590; 23 lumber yards, cap. $161,300; 14 furnaces, 6 fulling m., 13 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 24 tan- neries, 13 distilleries, 7 breweries, 1 powder m., 1 pottery, 22 flouring m., 9 grist m., 30 saw m., 5 oil m., 1 paper fac, 32 printing offices. Cap. in manufac. $7,792,312. 3 colleges, 112 students, 3 acad. 215 sludents, 122 sch. 6,544 scholars. Fop. 1830, 52,321; 1840, 80,145. Hamilton, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. E. part ot the state, and contains 464 sq. ms. Ten- nessee r. runs through the middle of tiie co. Wa- tered by small branches of the Tennessee r., the largest of which is Chickamauga creek. Capital, . ^*o J^^'^y^^'"'' ^" 1840, neat cattle 9,116, sheep 3,5G1, swine 23,393; wheat 11,093 bush produced, rye 1,796 Indian corn 2S:i,295. oats 29,3J0, potatoes 7,37S, cotton 13,755 pounds • 4 «7T,VT">^""'^'''="'.S*'"'™'^; 21 stores, cap. $UO,1jO; 2 tanneries, h distilleries, 1 flouring m, 10 grist m., 22 saw m., 1 printing otTice, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. m inanulac $32,450. 5 sch 133 scholars. Pop. whites 7,498, slaves 584, free cord93; total, 8,175. Hamilton, county, Flor. Situated in the n. part of the ter. Withlacoochee r. runs on its w. border, and the Little Suwannee r. on the s. The soil is good, and finely watered. Drained by Allapahaw r., which passes through it« centra Capital, Jasper. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,913, swine 5,139; Ind. corn 20,798 bush, pro- duced, potatoes 14,255, rice 14,950, cotton 54,000 pounds ; 4 stores, cap. $14,500 ; 6 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,400. 1 sch. 12 schol- ars. Pop. whites 1,034, slaves, 427, free col'd 3 ; total, 1,464. Hamilton, county, la. Situated in the cen- tral part of the state, and contains 400 sq. miles. The land along the streams is well timbered. There are some prairies. Watered by w. fork of White r. and its tributaries. Capital, Nobles- ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,928, sheep 6,924, swine 28,930 ; wheat 40,662 bush, produced, rye 2,572, Indian corn 410,569, buck- wheat 1,370, oats 57,143, potatoes 31,255, tobacco 12,747 pounds, sugar 139,353 ; 16 stores, capital $66,820 ; 4 tanneries, 9 distilleries, 22 grist m., 30 saw m., 2 potteries, 2 printing offices. Cap. in manufac. $29,520. 10 sch. 314 scholars. Pop. 9,855. Hamilton, county. 111. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 432 sq. ms. Or- ganized in 1821. The soil is indifferent, with considerable swamp in the n. part. Watered by branches of Saline creek and Little Wabash r. Capital, McLeansboro. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,717, sheep 2,451, swine 10,671 ; wheat 10,675 bush, produced, Ind. corn 122,095, oats 120,768, potatoes 5,056, tobacco 3,830 pounds, cotton 18,430; 12 stores, cap. $13,550; 2 tanner- ies, 10 distilleries, 1 pottery, 20 grist m., 4 saw m. 7 sch. 67 scholars. Pop. 3,945. Hamilton, p-t., Essex co., Mass., 22 n. n. e. Boston, 462 W. The surface is gently uneven ; soil, fertile. Organized in 1793. Watered by a branch of Ipswich r. It has 4 stores, cap. $2,0U0 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,500. 4. sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 818. Hamilton, p-t., Madison co., N. Y., 96 w. by N. Albany, 355 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, a fertile calcareous loam. Drained by the head waters of Chenango r. The v. is situated on Chenango r., and contains 3 churches, an acade- my, 20 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 tannery, 400 dwellings, and about 1,500 inhabitants. The Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution is located here, and is under the direction of the Baptists. It was founded in 1820, has 4 profes- sors, 27 students, has educated 124, and has 2,250 vols, in its library. It has 2 collegiate edifices. There are in the t., 17 stores, cap. $43,575 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 2 printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper, 4 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $40,625. 1 acad. 187 students, 18 sch. 916 scholars. Pop. 3,738. Hamilton, t., Atlantic co., N. J., 30 s. e. Woodbury. The surface is level; soil, sandy, covered with pine forest. Drained by Great Egg Harbor. It contains the v. of May's Landing. It has 8 stores, cap. $14,400 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 2 grist m., 3 saw in. Cap. in manufac. $22,150. 6 sch. 462 scholars. Pop. 1,565. Hamilton, t., Adams co.. Pa., 12 n. e. Get- tysburg. The surface is level ; soil, red gravel and flint. Conewago cr. flows on its w. and n. boundary. Watered by Beaver run. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000; 3 distilleries, 2 potteries, I HAM 259 HAM flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,700. i 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 1,069. H.4..WILT0N, p-v., Loudon co., Va., 159 ms. n. Richmond, 40 W. Hamilton, p-v., Martin co., N. C, 127 e. Ra- leigh, 251 W. H.\MiLTON, p-v., Fairfield t., capital of Butler CO., O., 102 w. s. vv. Columbus, 490 W. Situa- ted on the s. E. bank of the Great Miami r., and contains 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- pal, 1 Methodist, 1 Associate Reformed, and 1 Roman Catholic — 1 female academy, 1 bank, 13 stores, 7 warehouses, 2 grist m,, 1 saw m., 1 brew- ery, 1 cloth dressing and carding machine, 250 dwellings, and about 1,800 inhabitants. It is con- nected with Rossville, on the opposite side of Miami r., by a bridge. Hamilton, v., Blockley t., Philadelphia co.. Pa., 1 m. w. from the bridge over the Schuyl- kill r. It has several streets crossing each other at right angles, and contains a church, several stores, some pleasant country seats, and about 70 dwellings. Hamilton, t., Franklin co., O. Situated on the E. side of Scioto r. The Columbus lateral canal passes through it. It has 2 schools, and 40 scholars. Pop. 1,119. Hamilton, t., Jackson co., O., 8 Jackson C. H. It has 1 furnace. Pop. 1,711, Hamilton, t., Warren co., O. It has 7 sch. 809 scholars. Pop. 2,457. Hamilton, p-t.. Van Buren co., Mich, Pop. 145. Hamilton, p-v., Hamilton co.. 111. Hamilton, p-v., capital, Harris co., Ga., 126 w. s. w. Milledgeville. Situated on the western extremity of Oak mt., and contains a court house, jail, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, 2 acade- mies, 5 stores, and 35 dwellings. Hamilton, p-v., Autauga co., Ala., 92 s. e. Tuscaloosa, 847 W. Hamilton, p-v., Monroe co.. Miss., 156 n. e. .Tackson, 837 W. Situated li ms, e, of the Tom- bigbee r. Hamilton, t., McKean CO., Pa. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. Pop. 52. Hamilton, t., Franklin co.. Pa. The surface is hilly ; soil, calcareous loam, and slaty. Drain- ed by the main branch of Conecocheague cr., and Back cr. its tributary. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw ni. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 7 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,719. Hamilton, t., Monroe co.. Pa. The surface is partly hilly or mountainous, and partly level ; soil, gravel. Drained by McMichaels, Pokons, and Cherry creeks, which flow e. to the Dela- ware. It has 3 stores, cap. $10,500; 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,100. Pop. 1,503, Hamilton Ban, t., Adams co.. Pa. The sur- face is level ; soil, calcareous loam and red gravel. The s. branch of Marsh cr. flows on its n. boun- dary, and tlie main stream of that cr. on the e. Watered by Middle cr.. Muddy run, and Toms cr. Copper and iron ore are found, and some sulphur springs. It has 6 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 2 fimiaces, 6 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 8 saw m., 13 sch. 594 scholars. Pop. 1,460. Hamiltonville, or Newtown Hamilton, p-v., Wayne t., Mifflin co.. Pa. Situated on the w. bank of Juniata r., and on the line of the Penn- sylvania canal. In 1828, it contained but 4 huts. It now has several stores, and about 40 dwell- ings. Hamlins Grant, t., Oxford co., Me. It has 1 sch. 42 scholars. Pop, 80, Hamli.nton, p-o., Wayne co., Pa., 151 N, K. Harrisburg, 245 W. Hammock's Grove, p-o., Crawford co,, Ga., 62 s. w. Milledgeville, 718 W. Hammond, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 189 N. N. w, Albany, 456 W. The surface is level ; soil, a fertile sand and clay, adapted to grain or grass. The St. Lawrence r. bounds it on the w., and Black lake on the e. The v. contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. There are in the t., 3 stores, cap. $15,000 ; 3 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 .saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,600. 10 sch. 388 scholars. Pop. 1,845. Hammondsport, p-v., Urbanna t., Steuben co., N. Y. Situated at the s. end of Crooked lake. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal church, 12 stores, 3 warehouses, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery, 100 dwellings, and 700 in- habitants. A passage boat plies daily 22 ms. to Penn Yan, and it communicates 8 ms. with Sene- ca lake, by Crooked Lake canal. Hammond's Mills, p-o., Windham co., Vt, 113 s. Montpelier, 440 W. Hammond's Mills, p-o., Campbell t., Steuben CO., N. Y., 214 w. s. w. Albany, 285 W. Hammo.nd's Store, p-o., Anson co., N, C, 151 s. w, Raleigh, 430 W. Hammonton, p-o., Atlantic co., N. J., 60 s Trenton, 170 W. Hamorton, p-o., Chester co.. Pa., 78 e. s. e, Harrisburg, 109 W, Hampden, county, Mass. Situated in the s_. toward the w. part of the state, and contains 535 sq. ms. Organized in 1812, Watered by Con- necticut r., which runs from n. to s. through the middle of the co., and Westfield and Chickopee rivers its branches, which afford extensive water power. Quinebaug r. rises in Brimfield, in the s. e. part of the co. The surface is various, and the soil fertile. The Hampshire and Hampden canal, a continuation of the Farmington canal, passes through tlie co. Small steamboats run on the Connecticut r. to Springfield. Capital, Springfield, There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,481, sheep 29,176, .swine 8,818; wheat 9,852 bush, produced, rye 95,633, Ind. corn 134,461, buckwheat 21,376, oats 126,763, potatoes 334,764, .sugar 59,'391 pounds; 144 stores, cap. $402,600; 2 lumber yards, cap. $6,000 ; 7 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 17 cotton fac. 86,938 sp., 21 tanne- ries, 2 distilleries, 2 breweries, 6 powder m., 25 grist m., 62 saw m., 7 paper fac, 8 printing offices, 2 binderies, 5 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $3,369,515. 7 acad. 710 students, 203 sch. 6,536 scholars. Pop. 37,366. Hampden, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 62 e. n. e. Augusta, 657 W. Situated on the w. side of the Penobscot r., 6 ms. s. Bangor. W^atered by Sowadabscook r., which affords extensive water power. The soil is fertile. It exports luiuber, and agricultural productions. It has 15 stores, cap. $15,700 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $50,950. 1 acad. 98 students, 15 sch. 1,219 scholars. Pop. 2,663. Hampden, p-t., Geauga co., O., 175 n. e. Co- lumbus, 338 W, It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw ra. Cap. in manufac, $450. 9 sch. 326 scholars. Pop. 840. Hampshire, county, Mass. Situated central- ly toward the w. part of the state, and contains 532 sq. ms. Connecticut r. runs through the middle of it, from n. to s., by which, and small tributaries, which afTord water power, it is water- ed. The surface and soil are various, but on Connecticut r. it is exceedingly fertile. The old HAM 260 HAN county of Hampshire, which included Franklin and Hampden counties, was organized in 1662. Capital, Northampton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2e,533, sheep 60,935, swine 8,955; wheat 15,974 bush, produced, rye 66,542, Ind. corn 175,271, buckwheat 14,852, barley 2,211, oats 97,449, potatoes 355,733, sugar 141,316 pounds ; 123 stores, cap. $326,750 ; 2 furnaces, 19 fulling m., 17 woollen fac, 5 cotton fac. 1,400 sp., 25 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 40 grist m., 122 saw m., 6 paper fac, 5 printing offices, 3 binde- ries, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $963,285. 1 college, 169 students, 11 acad. 539 students, 204 sch. 8,909 scholars. Pop. 30,897. H.\MPSHiRE, county, Va. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contaifs 960 sq. ms. The N. branch of the Potomac r. Funs on its n. border. Watered by the s. branch of the Potomac, and several tributaries of the Potomac. Several mountain ridges pa.ss through it ; the soil in the valleys between them is very fertile. Capital, Romney. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,937, sheep 27,416, swine 17,781 ; wheat 178,714 bush, produced, rye 52,148, Ind. corn 470,797, buckwheat 26,167, oats 173,953, pota- toes 71,397; 23 stores, cap. $158,100; 1 forge, 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 11 tanneries, 3 dis- tilleries, 16 flouring m., 32 grist m., 62 saw m., 2 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $63,320. 2 acad. 55 students, 25 sch. 522 scholars. Pop. whites 10,703, slaves 1,403, free col'd 189 ; total, 12,295. Hampshire, p-o., Maury co., Tenn. Hampsfiire, p-o., Kane co., 111., 215 n. n. e. Springfield, 767 W. Hampstead, pt., Rockingham co., N. H., 29 s. S. E. Concord, 462 W. Chartered in 1749. Wa- tered by branches of Merrimac r., which flow from ponds in the t. The soil of the t. is hard and fertile. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,100 ; 2 grist m., 3 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $9,450. 7 sch. 234 scholars. Pop. 890. Hampstead, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 56 n. w. Annapolis, 66 W. Hampstead, p-v., King George co., Va., 89 n. N. e. Richmond, 85 W. Hampton, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 47 s. E. Concord, 484 W. It lies on the Atlantic, which washes its s. e. border. Along its shore is a fine beach, in one part of which is a singular blufT, denominated the Boar's Head. It has a good harbor, and a number of vessels employed in the coasting trade and the fisheries. It was incorpo- rated in 1636. There are in the t., 6 stores, cap. $7,900 ; 3 tanneries, 4 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 acad. 47 students, 5 sch. 249 scholars. Pop. 1,320. Hampton', p t., Windham co., Ct., 41 E. Hart- ford, 363 W. The surface is uneven and the soil a fertile gravelly loam. Watered by a branch of Shetucket r., which affords water power. The V. is pleasantly situated on elevated ground, on a single street, half a mile long, and contains a Con- gregational church and about 40 dwellings. There are m the t., 6 stores, cap. $21,700 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac 900 sp., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $43,900. 9 sch. 3G.5 scholars. Pop. 1,166. Hampton, p-t., Washington co., N. Y 26 n Salem 73 n. by e. Albany. The surface is hilly, wah fertile valleys. Drained by Poultnev r which separates it from the state of Vermont It has 1 store, cap. $3,00'J : 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 tannery. Cap in manufac. $8,740. 5 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 972. Hampton, v., Westmoreland t., Oneida co N Y. Situated on a branch of Oriskany cr ' It contains 2 churches— 1 Presbyterian and 1 Meth- odist — 4 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 60 dwell- ings, and about 400 inhabitants. A little n. of the V. is a mineral spring. Hampton, p-v., Reading t., Adams co., Pa., 29 s. w. Harrisburg, 86 W. It contains 2 stores, 35 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Hampton, p-v., capital of Elizibeth City co., Va., 94 E. s. E. Richmond, 209 W. Situated on the w. side of Hampton r., about a mile from its entrance into Hampton roads. It contains a court house, jail, 4 churches — 2 Methodist, 1 Baptist, and 1 Episcopal — 16 stores, 2 castor oil fac, 150 dwellings, and about 1,200 inhabitants. Hampton, p-v., Rock Island co., 111., 150 n. n. w. Springfield, 880 W. Pop. 64. Hampton Roads, Va., a branch of Chesa- peake bay, oflf the mouth of James r., between Old Point Comfort on the n., and Willoughby point on the s. It is sufficiently deep for the largest ships of war, and is an important naval station. On Old Point Comfort, there have been ceded to the United States 250 acres ; and on the point a fortification, called Fort Monroe, is in pro- gress, which will mount 335 guns, generally 24, 32, and 43 pounders, 130 of which are under bomb proof covers. On the opposite point, 1 m. distant, Fort Calhoun is erecting. The founda- tion is made by throwing in stones, and it covers about 7 acres. It was found necessary to wait for this foundation to settle, and the superstruc- ture has barely been commenced. This fort is designed to mount 265 guns, 24's and 32's, and nearly all under cover. These forts will com- pletely command the entrance to Hampton roads. Hamptonburg, p-t.. Orange co., N. Y., 4 n. e. Goshen, 99 s. s. w. Albany, 282 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile clay loam. Drained by Murderer's cr. E., and Wallkill creek, which bounds it on the w. It has 5 sch. 248 scholars. Pop. 1,379. Hampton Falls, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 16 s. w. Portsmouth, 45 s. e. Concord, 482 W. Incorporated in 1712. The situation is pleasant, having the Atlantic on its s. e. border. The soil is moderately fertile. It has2 stores, cap. $1,500 ; 1 grist m., 1 acad. 40 students, 3 sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 656. Hamptonville, p-v., Surry co., N. C, 146 w. N. w. Raleigh, 357 W. Hamtramck, t., Wayne co., Mich. It has 1 tannery, 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac $19,200. 1 college, 30 students, 3 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 1,797. Hancock, county. Me. Situated in the s., toward the e. part of the state, and contains 1,850 sq. ms. Bordered by the Atlantic on the s., along the coast of which are scattered numerous isl- ands, some of them large, and many bays, and it has a great number of excellent harbors. The soil is generally fertile. Watered by Union r., which, with other streams, affords excellent wa- ter power. Capital, Castine. There were in 1840, neat cattle 17,950, sheep 32,738, swine 6,716; wheat 27,627 bush, produced, rye 2,836, Ind. corn 5,749, barley 18,181, oats 20,660, pota- toes 496,43J, sugar 1,010 pounds ; 5 commercial houses in for. trade, cap. $85,0 JO: 120 stores, cap. $228,500; cap. invested in fisheries, $49,470; 10 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 21 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 41 grist m., 77 saw m., 8 oil m. Cap. in man- ufac. $178,111. 5 acad. 179 students, 252 sch. 10,946 scholars. Pop. 28,605. Hancock, county, Ga. Situated a little n. E. of the centre of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. The Oconee r. runs on its w. border, and Great Ogeechee r. on its e. border. Watered by branches of tliese rivers. Capital, Sparta. There HAN 261 HAN were in 1840, neat cattle 10,7il, sheep 7,360, swine 26,92 J ; wheat 34,455 busii. produced, Ind. corn 447,82 J, oats 24,871, potatoes 21,304, cotton 13,313,924 pounds ; 5 stores, cap. $44,000 ; 1 tan- nery, 3 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $19,000. Pop. whites 3,637, slaves 6,915, fiee col'd 47 ; total, 9,659. Hancock, county. Miss. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, and contains 1,680 sq. miles. Bounded on the s. by Lake Borgne, a branch of the Gulf of Mexico. The surface is rolling, to- ward the N., more level to the s. The .soil is light and sterile, chiefly covered with pine. Pearl r. runs on its w. border. Capital, Shieldsboro'. There were in 1840, neat cattle 17,097, sheep 783, swine 10,764 ; Ind. corn 24,052 bush, produced, potatoes 27,68 :!, rice 46,000 pounds, cotton 1 34,700 ; 24 stores, cap. $5:^,100; 1 tannery, 9 grist m., 10 sawm. Cap. in manufac. $111,000. 2 acad. 40 students, 3 sch. 47 scholars. Pop. whites 2,237, slaves 1,056, free col'd 74; total, 3,367. Hancock, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 200 sq. ms. The Ohio r. runs on its n. boundary, and rough cr., a branch of Green r. on its s. border. Blacldbrd's r. forms a part of its w. boundary. The surface is hilly. Stone coal is mined in large quantities, and iron ore is found. Capital, Hawesville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,017, sheep 3,390, swine 10,321 ; wheat 10,274 bush, produced, Ind. corn 134,400, oats 19,800, potatoes 3,8S4, tobacco 270,497 pounds, sugar 2,479 ; 9 stores, capital $37,094 ; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,900. Pop. whites 2,039, slaves 539, free col'd 3 ; total, 2,581. Hancock:, county, O. Situated toward the n. W. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. The soil is fertile and well watered. Drained by Blanchard's Fork and its tributaries, which flow into Maumee r., and by tributaries of Portage r., which flows into Lake Erie. Capital, Findlay. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,826, sheep 8,268, swine 87,081; wheat 41,876 bush, produc- ed, rye 16,5 i5, Ind. corn 173,660, buckwheat 8,889, oats 85,150, potatoes 17,911, sugar 142,950 pounds; 14 stores, cap. $33,150; 4 tanneries, 11 grist m., 12 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $27,812. 81 sch. 3,189 scholars. Pop. 9,9S6. Hancock, county, la. Situated a little e. of the centre of the state, and contains 310 sq. ms. Organized in 1828. Drained by Blue r.. Sugar cr., and Brandywine or., which aflTord good water power. The surface is level, or gently rollmg ; soil, fertile and heavily timbered. Capital, Green- field. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,745, sheep 5,789, swine 28,306; wheat 28,531 bush, produced, rye 2,130, Ind. corn 286,095, oats 66,392, potatoes 11,090, tobacco 10,034 pounds, sugar 39,080; 15 stores, cap. $51,075; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 9 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $28,850. 7 sch. 156 scholars. Population, 7,535. Hancock, county. 111. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 775 sq. ms. The Mis- sissippi r. runs on its w. boundary. Watered by Crooked cr., with its branches, a tributary of Illi- nois r., and by the n. fork of Bearer., which flows into the Mississippi r. Organized in 1825. The soil bordering ihe Mississippi is fertile. Capital, Carthage. There were in i840, neat cattle 7,^27, sheep 6,334, swine 17,092 ; wheat 49,860 bushels produced, Ind. corn 259,820, buckwheat 1,812, oats 53,576, potatoes 23,984, tobacco 1,910 pounds, sugar 1,3 16; 23 stores, cap. $56,000; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 7 grist m., 12 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 1 periodical, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $43,070. 24 sch. 819 scholars. Pop. 9,946. Hancock, p-t., Hancock co., Me., 95 e. Au- gusta, 677 W. The s. e. part is a peninsula, nearly surrounded by branches of Frenchman's bay. It contains 1 saw m., 7 sch. 296 scholars. Pop. 760. Hancock, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 34 s. w. Concord, 454 W. The surface is uneven or mountainous. The soil is fertile, adapted to grazing, with some intervals on its streams. Watered by Contoocook r. and its tributaries, af- fording water power. Long Pond, a considerable body of water, lies partly in the w. part. It con- tains 4 stores, cap. $22,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 cotton fac. 448 sp., 3 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 3 saw. Cap. in manufac. $38,217. 2 acad. 176 students, 1 1 sch. 439 scholars. Pop. 1,345. Hancock, p-t., Addison co., Vt., 39 s. s. w. Montpelier, 486 W. Situated on the Green mountain range, and suited only to grazing. Chartered in 1780. It is on the dividing ridge be- tween Lake Champlain and Connecticut r., some of its streams flowing into Otter cr., and others into White r. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 full- ing m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,800. 5 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 465. Hancock, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 143 w. Boston, 379 W. Incorporated in 1776. The state of N. Y. bounds it on the w. Drained by head branches of Kinderkook cr. and Housatonic r. The surface is mountainous, and the soil adapted to grazing. It has 1 cotton fac. 920 sp., 3 tanneries, 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $16,400. 1 sch. 190 scholars. Pop. 922. Hancock, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 123 w. s. w. Albany, 291 W. The surface is broken and mountainous. Delaware r. runs on its s. w. bor- der. Watered by Papacton branch and its tribu- taries. It has 1 store, cap. $5,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,455. 8 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1,026. Hancock, p-t., Washington co., Md., 125 n. w. Annapolis, 92 W. Situated on the N. bank of Potomac r. It contains 2 churches, 4 stores, and about 30 or 40 dwellings. HANcocii Bridge, p-v.. Lower Alloways t., Salem co., N. J., 85 s. w. Trenton, 180 W. It contains 1 Friends church, 2 stores, and about 40 dwellings. The surrounding country is fer- tile. Hancock Factory, p-v., Hancock t., Hills- boro' CO., N. H., 30 s. w. Concord, 453 W. It contains a cotton fac, a paper fac, and several other manufacturing establishments, and an academy. Hancockville, p-v., Union dist., S. C, 85 n. w. Columbia, 453 W. Handv, t., Livingston CO., Mich. It has 2 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 158. Hanford's Landing, p-o., Greece t., Monroe CO., IS. Y., 223 vv. N. w. Albany, 373 W. Hanging Rock, pv., Hampshire co., Va., 175 N. N. w. Richmond, 103 W. It contains 1 Meth- odist church, and 1 free to all denominations, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m. There are in the neigh- borhood 2 grist m., 1 oil m., and 1 carding ma- chine. Hanging Rock, p-o.. Upper t., Lawrence co., O., 118 s. s. E. Columbus, 426 W. Hanna's, p-o., Sumner co., Tenn., 36 n. K Nashville, 677 W. Hannahsburg, p-v., Butler co., Pa., 207 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 238 W. It contains 1 store and 12 or 15 dwellings. HAN 262 HAN Haxn'ibal, p-t., Oswego co., N. Y., 176 w. n. w. Albany, 362 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile loam. Drained by small creeks, flowing into Lake Ontario. It has 9 stores, cap. $40,7jO ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in nianufac. $42,000. 15 sch. 743 scholars. Pop. 2,269. Han.mbalville, v., Hannibal t., Oswego co., N. Y. It contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and about 30 dwellings. Hannibal, pv., Marion co.. Mo., 108 N. n. e. Jefferson city, 912 W. Situated on the w. bank of the Mississippi r. It has 10 stores, 4 commission and forwarding houses, 2 steam saw m., 1 steam llouring m., and 60J inhabitants. Hanover, county, Va. Situated toward the E. part of the state, and contains 630 sq. ms. North Anna r. runs on its n. e. border. Watered by its tributaries. The surface is hilly, and the soil various, from the most fertile to the most sterile. Capital, Hanover. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,388, sheep 9,051, swine 13,703; wheat 47,905 bush, produced, rye 1,013, Ind. corn 349,750, oats 177,347, potatoes 26,332, to- bacco 615,156 pounds, cotton 22,549; 17 stores, cap. $20,300 ; 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 19 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $35,965. 23 acad. 417 students. Pop. whites 6,262, slaves 8,394, free col'd 312 ; toUil, 14,%3. Hanover, pt., Grafton co., N. H., 54 n. w. Concord, 483 W. Situated on Connecticut r., over which is a bridge, connecting it with Nor- wich, Vt. The surface is pleasantly diversified, and the soil is fertile. Moose mountain, an ele- vated ridge, crosses the e. part of the t. from n. to s. The v. is plea.santly situated on a plain, half a mile E. of the r., and has a considerable number of neat buildings, mostly ranged round a square of about 12 acres. It contains a Congre- gational church, several stores, and the buildings of Dartmouth College, an old and highly re- spectable institution. It was founded in 1770, and contains, including the Medical Institution, a president, 15 professors or other instructors, has had 2,053 alumni, has 340 students, and 16,500 vols, in its libraries. The commencement is on the last Thursday in July. The medical institu- tion was instituted in 1797, when there were but 3 others existing in the U. States, has 6 professors, 72 students, and has had 577 graduates. The annual course of lectures commences on the 1st or 2d Thursday in August. There are 3 build- ings of the institution ; the centre or principal one of wood, 150 by 50 feet, for undergraduates ; a medical building, 75 by 31 feet, n. of it ; and a chapel, &c., a corresponding building, s. There are in the t. 10 stores, cap. $30,200 ; 1 tannery, 1 lulling m., 2 grist m., 8 saw m., 2 printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 periodical. Cap. in manufac. $28,850. 1 college, 404 students, 16 sch. 512 scholars. Pop. 2,613. Hanover, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 24 s. s. w. Boston, 413 W. Pembroke cr. runs on its s. border, and affords water power; and another branch unites with it on the e. border of the t., to form North river. It has 7 stores, cap. $9,900 ; 1 lurnace, 3 forges, 2 tanneries, 6 grist m., 5 saw m. o P; '".i^'^""''^''- I'^'-i^S'-JS. 1 acad. 25 students, o sch. 3/9 scholars. Pop. 1,488. Hanover, p-t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 315 w. by s. Albany, 353 W. Situated on Lake Erie. 1 he surface is elevated and hilly, and the soil, on the lake shore and on the streams, very fertile. « m fm I f^T """"S- ^' ^'""'^ 18 stores, cap. $100,00.) ; Z lumber yards, cap. $8,000 ; 3 fulliil" m., / tanneries, 3 distilleries, 7 grist ra 19 saw ni. Cap. in manufac. $110,215. 3 acad 83 I students, 19 sch. 1,140 scholars. Population, 3,998. Hanover, p-t., Morris co., N. J., 5 n. Morris- town, 57 N. N. E. Trenton, 227 W. The surface is hilly on the n. w., level e. and s. Soil, clay, loam, and gravel. Watered by Whippany and Parsipany rivers, branches of Rockaway r., which runs on its n. boundary. The soil is moderately good, and well cultivated. The v. is situated on a plain, near the Passaic r., and contains 12 or 15 dwellings. There are in the t. 12 stores, cap. $30,100; 1 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 2,600 sp., 10 forges, 3 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 2 paper fac, 1 printing office, 5 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $140,940. 13 sch. 597 scholars. Pop. 3,909. Hanover, t., Burlington co., N. J., 12 n. e. Mount Holly. The surface is level ; soil, sandy loam and sand ; in the s. e. part covered with pine forest. Drained by Crosswick's, Black's, and a branch of Rancocus creeks. It has 11 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 5 distille- ries, 4 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $74,600. 9 sch. 474 scholars. Pop. 3,045. Hanover, pb., Heidelberg t., York co.. Pa., 35 s. Harrisburg, 82 W. Incorporated in 1814. Situated on a branch of Conewago cr., which runs into the Susquehanna r. It contains 3 churches — 1 German Reformed, 1 Lutheran, 1 Methodist — 1 academy ; 15 stores, cap. $84,500 ; 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $22,300. 2 sch. 220 scholars. Pop. 1,071. Hanover, t., Dauphin co., Pa., 15 s. e. Har- risburg. The surface is undulating ; soil, argil- laceous slate and sandstone. Beaver cr. runs on its w. boundary. Watered by Manady cr. and Bow run, which flow s. to the Swatara cr. It has 6 stores, cap. $15,500; 1 furnace, 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 9 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,060. '3 sch. 67 scholars. Pop. 2,772. Hanover, t., Lehigh co.. Pa. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam, and fertile. The Lehigh r. flows on its s. border. Watered by Calesoque cr., a branch of the Lehigh. Con- nected with Allentown by a chain bridge across the Lehigh. It contains a Lutheran church. It has 5 stores, 2 woollen fac, 1 paper fac, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap^ in manufac. $16,550. 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 1,341. Hanover, t., Northampton co , Pa. The sur- face is level ; soil, calcareous loam. Drained by Manokissy cr., which runs along its s. e. boun- dary. It has 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. Pop. 382. Hanover, t., Beaver co.. Pa. The surface is rolling; soil, calcareous loam. Drained by Big and Little Traviss creeks, tributaries of Racoon cr. It contains Frankford v. near its s. border. It contains 3 stores, cap. .$9,000 ; 2 tanneries, 7 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. ,$17,350. 1 acad. 23 students, 4 sch. 138 scholars. Pop. 1,662. Hanover, p-t., Washington co.. Pa., 22 n. w. Washington b. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Drained by Herman's and Indian creeks, flow- ing into Ohio r. Coal is abundant. It has 7 stores, cap. $16,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 flourhig m., 5 grist ra., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,650. 1 acad. 15 students, 8 sch. 500 scholars. Pop. 2,002. Hanover, t., Luzerne co.. Pa. Bounded n. w. by Susquehanna r. The surface is moun- tainous, with the fertile valley of Wyomhig in a part of it. Anthracite coal is abundant. Wa- tered by Nanticoke and Solomon's creeks, wliich HAR 263 HAR afford water power. It has 6 stores, cap. $27,300 ; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 1 powder fac, 3 flouring m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,800. 6 sch. 270 scholars. Pop. 1,938. Hanover, p-t.. Licking co., O., 48 n. e. Co- lumbus, 357 W. Licking r. and the Ohio canal pass through the t., from E. to w. It has 2 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 943. Hanover, t., Butler co., O., a wealthy t., 8 ms. from the court house, in Hamilton. It has 7 sch. 5J0 scholars. Pop. 1,680. Ha.nover, t., Columbiana co., O., 10 e. New Lisbon, on the line of the Sandy and Beaver canal. I has 8 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 2,539. Hanover, t., Richland co., O. Watered by two m lin branches of Mohiccan r., which unite near the centre of the t. It has 168 scholars in schools. Pop. 1,185. Hanover, v., North t., Harrison co., O., 8 n. w. Cadiz. It contains 1 store, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. Hanover, t., Shelby co., la. It has 5 stores, cap. $9,800 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,250. Pop. 1,438. Hanover, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 89 w. De- troit, 549 W. It has 3 sch. 106 scholars. Pop. 714. Hanover, p-o., Jo-Daviess co., 111., 114 n. by w. Springfield, 872 W. Hanover Centre, p-v., Hanover t., Grafton CO., N. H., 60 N. w. Concord, 494 W. Hanover, C. H., p-o., capital of Hanover co., Va., 20 N. Richmond. 103 W. Situated on ele- vated ground, near Pamunky r., and contains a court house, jail, a store, and about 60 inhabitants. Hanover Neck, p-o., Hanover t., Morris co., N. J., 53 N. N. E. Trenton, 224 W. Hanoverton, p-v., Hanover t., Columbiana CO., O., 149 N. E. Columbus, 291 W. It contains 12 stores, 1 warehouse, 2 water m., 1 steam m., 2 tanneries, 80 dwellings, and about 500 inhabi- tants. Hanslev's Cross Roads, p-o., Perry co., O., 61 E. Columbus, 342 W. Hanson, pt., Plymouth co., Mass., 28 s. s. e. Boston, 438 W. Watered by a branch of North r. Large beds of iron ore are found. It has 4 stores, cap. $4,250 ; 1 forge, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,805. 8 sch. 259 scholars. Pop. 1,040. Hansonville, p o., Russell co., Va., 318 w. by s. Richmond, 386 W. Harbor Creek, p t., Erie co.. Pa., 6 n. e. Erie, 279 n. w. Harrisburg, 352 W. Drained by several small streams, llowing into Lake Erie, which bounds it on the n. It has 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$1,500. 15 sch. 435 scholars. Pop. 1,843. Hardeman, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. E. part of tiie state, and contains 720 sq. ms. Surface generally level ; soil, light and sandy. Watered by Big Hatchy r. and its branches. Capital, Bolivar. There were in 1840, neat cattle 17,001, sheep 10,292, swine 59,357; wheat 58,713 bush, produced, rye 9,165, Ind. com 614,554 oats 149,5 H5, potatoes 40,917, tobacco 19,4i7 pounds, cotton 3,570,417; 29 stores, cap. $233,45-2 ; 1 cotton fac. 6:;0 sp., 9 tanneries, 16 distilleries. 8 flouring m., 22 grist m., 18 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $63,970. 4 acad. 185 students, 23 sch. 506 scholars. Pop. whites 9,091, slaves 5,433, free col'd 39; total, 14,563. Hardi.man's Cross Roads, p-o., Williamson CO., Tenn., 24 s. Nashville, 636 W. Hardin, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 768 sq. ms. Tennessee r. flows llirougli tlie co., from s. to N. Watered also by small streams, wliich flow into the Tennessee r., the principal of which are Swift cr. and Whiteoak r. Capital, Savannah. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,537, sheep 7,562, swine 42,500 ; wheat 31,231 bush, produ- ced, rye 1,465, Ind. corn 512,373, oats 53,529, potatoes 14,377, tobacco 52,564 pounds ; cotton 3S,819, 7 com. houses, cap. $9,830 ; 14 stores, cap. $42,355 ; 1 furnace, 7 tanneries, 24 distilleries, 29 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,959. 1 acad. 15 students, 8 sch. 176 scholars. Pop. whites 7,337, slaves 826, free col'd 32 ; total, 8,245. Hardin, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 1,200 sq. ms. The Rolling Fork of Saltr. runs on its n. e. boundary. Watered by branches of Green r. Capital, Elizabethtown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 18,809, sheep 23,696, swine 36,809 ; wheat 120,894 bush, produced, rye 7,510, Ind. corn 706,349, oats 205,894, potatoes 22,746, tobacco 322,483 pounds, sugar 1,625; 31 stores, cap. $60,850; 9 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 17 grist m.. 15 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office. Cap. in manufac. $38,000. 8 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. whites 13,829, slaves 2,432, free col'd 46 ; total, 16,357. Hardin, county, O. Situated n. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 480 sq. ms. The Scioto r. runs through the co. Watered also by head branches of Blanchards, Hoy and Tymochtee creeks. It has much valuable land on the streams. Capital, Kenton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,966, sheep 3,327, swine 10,416; wheat 30,173 bush, produced, rye 1,459, Ind. corn 99,147, buckwheat 1,621, oats 23,897, potatoes 22,233, sugar 86,557 pounds ; 4 stores, cap. .$14,500 ; 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,900. 18 sch. 552 scholars. Pop. 4,593. Hardin, county. 111. Situated on the s. bor- der of the state, and contains 100 sq. ms. The surface is high and broken, and abounds in iron and lead ores. Watered by Big cr., which en- ters the Ohio, and aflbrds water power. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,774, sheep 1,554, swine 3,978 ; wheat 3,583 bush, produced, Ind. corn 62,066, oats 10,555, potatoes 8,975, tobacco 7,500 pounds; 4 stores, cap. $11,666; 1 furnace, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $3,150. 3 sch. 88 scholars. Pop. 1,373. Hardin, p-v.. Turtle Creek t., Shelby co., C, 85 w. N. w. Columbus, 479 W. Hardinsburg, p-v., capital of Breckenridge CO., Ky., 115 w. s. w. Frankfort, 657 W. Situa- ted half a m. e. of Hardin's cr., 10 ms. from Ohio r. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist — 1 seminary, and 631 inhabitants. Hardinsburg, p v., Washington co., la., 106 s. Indianapolis, 630 W. Hardingsburg, v.. Dearborn co., la. Situated on the w. side of the Great Miami r., 2 ms. n. Lawrenceburg. It has 2 stores, and 250 inhabit- ants. Hardi.ng's Store, p-o., Ripley co., la., 71 s. E. Indianapolis, 533 W. Hardin's Mills, p-o., Floyd co., Ga., 173 n- w. Milledgeville, 684 W. Hardin's Mills, po., Albemarle co., Va., 93 w. N. w. Richmond, 123 W. It contains a Me- thodist church. Hardinsville, p-v., Shelby co., Ky., 9 w. Frankfort, 551 W. Hard Money, p-o., Stewart co., Ga., 144 s. w. Milledgeville, 799 W. Haruwich, p-t., Caledonia co., Vt., 27 n. e. HAR 264 HAR Montpelier, 513 W. Chartered in 1781. Organ- ized in 1795. The surface is rolling, and the soil, fertile. Watered by Lamoille r. and its tri- butaries, which afford good water power. It contains sulphur springs. It has 5 stores, cap. $30,500 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 pottery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,700. 12 sch. 433 scholars. Pop. 1,354. Hardwick, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 68 w. Boston, 393 W. Incorporated in 1733. Water- ed by Ware r., which runs on its s. E. border, and which, with its branches, affords water power. The v. at t.lie centre contains 2 churches — 1 Congregational and 1 Unitarian. It has 2 stores, cap. .$7,345 ; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 paper fac, 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $34,980. 12 sch. 560 scholars. Pop. 1,789. Hardwick, t., Warren co., N. J., 15 n. e. Bel- videre. The surface is hilly. Drained by Pau- lins kill, Beaver brook, and Bear branch of Pe- quest cr. The soil is fertile, being underlaid with slate on the ridges, and limestone in the valleys. It has 3 stores, cap. $14,200; 1 cotton fac. 216 sp., 2 tanneries, 6 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,800. 16 sch. 769 scholars. Pop. 1,954. Hardwick, v., and port of entry, Brj'an co., Ga. Situated on the w. side of the Ogeechee r. Hardvsto.n, t., Sussex co., N. J. The surface is mountainous, lying principally on Hamburg or Wallkill mountains. Drained by Wallkill r. It has 2 ponds, the outlets of which flow into the r. There are 2 Presbyterian churches. An inex- haustible quantity of zinc and iron ores are found in the mountains. It has 10 stores, cap. $34,050; 3 furnaces, 6 ibrges, 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 8 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $68,075. 1 aead. 35 students, 15 sch. 403 scholars. Pop. 2,831. Hardy, county, Va. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 1,156 sq. ms. The sur- face is elevated, broken, rocky, and sterile, but good soil is found on the streams. Watered by branches of the South Branch of the Potomac, and by some of the head streams of the North Branch. Capilal, Moorefield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,042, sheep 15,205, swine 12,719; wheat 84,6)4 bush, produced, rye 18,186, Ind. corn 410,942, buckwheat 3,784, oats 40,830, potatoes 31,865, sugar 51,988 pounds; 11 stores, cap. $69,000 ; 1 furnace, 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 8 flouring m., 15 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $74,535. 6 sch. 218 schol- ars. Pop. whites 6,100, slaves 1,131, free col'd 391 ; total, 7,622. Hardv, t., Holmes co., O. It contains the v. of Millersburg, the capital of the co. It has 1 grist ni., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,400. 1 sch. 28 scholars. Pop. 1,982. Hare WOOD, p-o., Susquehanna co., Pa., 184 n. E. Harrisburg, 294 W. Harewood, po., Baltimore co., Md. Harford, county, Md. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 430 sq. ms. Wa- tered by Deer cr., which flows into the Susque- hanna, Bmum's run. Winter's run. and the Little tails of Gunpowder. Some of these streams attord g(jod water power. The soil is various. Ihe country on Deercr. is beautiful and healthy. Limestone, iron ore, and chromate of iron abound, in some parts of the co. The rocky banks of a ?, -LnT' T- ^V"' perpendicular walls of stone, 2 or 300 feet high, and appear as if they had been rent asunder, and are a curiosity. Capital, Bel- T' ,fic>''*'^ in 1840, neat cattle 12,562, sheep 15 662, sume 20,950; wheat 149,300 bush, produced, rye 20,153, Ind. com 324,416 buck- wheat 8,757, oats 216,892, potatoes 79,88J ; 61 stores, cap. $83,280 ; 4 fulling m., 7 woollen fac, 2 furnaces, 2 forges, 12 tanneries, 3 distilleries, I pottery, 7 flouring m., 33 grist m., 28 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 1 daily news- paper. Cap. in manufac. $106,918. 1 college, 5 acad. 163 students, 33 sch. 945 scholars. Pop. whites 12,041, slaves 2,642, free col'd 2,436; to- tal, 17,120. Harford, p-o., Virgil t., Cortland co., N. Y., 150 w. Albany, 301 W. Harford, p-t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 175 n. e. Harrisburg, 279 W. Drained by Martin's, Part- ner's, and Van Winkle's creeks, branches of Tunkhannock cr., all of which afford water pow- er. The V. contains 2 churches. There are in the t., 2 stores, cap. $11,000; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,850. 1 acad. 150 students, 10 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 1,179. Hargrove's Tavern, p-o., Nansemond co., Va. Harlan, county, Ky. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 480 sq. ms. Cum- berland mountains form its s. e. boundary, and Laurel ridge passes through its n. w. part : and between them, near the latter, runs Cumberland r., by which and its branches the co. is watered. The surface is elevated 1,000 feet above the level of the ocean, and is mountainous. Capital, Mount Pleasant. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,626, sheep 2,861, swine 13,073 ; wheat 2,420 bushels produced, oats 20,367, potatoes 7,060, tobacco 4,211 pounds, sugar 7,830; 4 stores, cap. $9,200; 23 distilleries, 37 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. whites 2,923, slaves 79, free col'd 8 ; total, 3,015. Harlan, C. H., p-o., Harlan co., Ky. (See Mount Pleasant.) Harlansburg, p-v., Mercer co., Pa., 226 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 263 W. Harlem, p-o., New York county, N. Y. (See Haerlem.) HarlEiM, p-o., Winnebago co., 111., 211 n Springfield, 812 W. Harlemsville, p-o., Claverack t., Columbia CO., N. Y. Harlesville, p-v., Marion dist., S. C, 129 e. by N. Columbia, 431 W. Situated on Little Pe- dee r. Harhngen, p-v., Montgomery t., Somerset co., N. J., 18 N. Trenton, 190 W. It contains a Dutch Reformed church, a store, and 7 or 8 dwellings. Harmar, p-v., Washington co., O., 164 e. s. e. Columbus, 301 W. Situated in the w. part of Marietta, on the s. bank of Muskingum r. It contains a stone steam mill 4 stories high, and about 40 handsome dwellings. It occupies the site of Fort Harmar, the first fortification erected by the Americans in the state of Ohio, and named from its first commander. Harmonsburg, p-o., Sadsbury t., Crawford co., Pa., 243 N. w. Harrisburg, 316 W. Situated on Conneaut cr., at the n. end of Conneaut lake. Harmony, p-t., Somerset co., Me., 57 n. by e. Augusta, 652 W. Incorporated in 1803. The soil is fertile and adapted to wheat. Watered by head branches of Sebasticook r. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,600 ; 1 fulling m., 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,800. 10 sch. 500 scholars. Pop. 1,096. Harmony, v., Conequenessing t, Butler co., Pa., 14 s. w. by w. Butler, 12 n. e. by e. Beaver. Situated on the s. bank of Conequenessing cr. Founded in 1804, by the Society of Harmonites, who afterwards sold out and removed to the Wa- bash, and afterwards to Economy, Beaver co., on the Ohio r. It now contains a town hall, 2 mills, 3 stores, and 40 or 50 dwellings. HAR 265 HAR Harmony, p-t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 339 w. by s. Albany, 326 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, sandy and gravelly loam, wiih some clay. Drained by Goose cr. and other streams, flowing N. into Chautauque lake, and by Little Broken Straw creek, running s. into Pennsylvania. It has 7 stores, cap. $10,600 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanne- ries, 3 grist m., 17 saw m. Capital in manufac. $23,595. 17 sch. 700 scholars. Pop. 3,3 iO. Harmony, p-t., Warren co., N. J., 58 n. by w. Trenton, 205 W. The v. contains a Presbyterian church and 12 or 1 5 dwellings. It has 2 flouring m., 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, $30,360. 6 sch. 386 scholars. Pon. 1,602. Harmo.ny, t., Susquehanna co., Pa., is bounded jr. by the state of New York. Oquago mountain lies in its n. w. part, the remainder is hilly. Wa- tered by Susquehanna r. and some tributaries, the chief of which are Starucca and Conewanta creeks. It has 1 store, cap. $3,500 ; 1 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,810. 6 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 523. Harmo.vy, p-v., Halifax co., Va., 150 s. w. Richmond, 237 W. Harmony, p-v., York dist., S. C, 102 n. Co- lumbia, 459 W. Harmony, t., Clark co., O. It contains seve- ral villages, and the national road passes through it. It has 11 sch. 220 scholars. Pop. 1,660. Harmony, t., Delaware co., O. Situated in the n. e. corner of the county. Drained by the head waters of Alirni and Big Walnut creeks. It has 6 sch. 129 scholars. Pop. 676. Har.mony, p-o., Clay co., la., 51 w. by s. In- dianapolis, 625 W. Harmo.vy, p-v., Weakley co., Tenn., 132 w. Nashville, 822 W. Harmony, p-v., Washington co.. Mo., 102 s. E. Jefferson city, 896 W. Situated in the centre of the CO., and contains lead mines on Hazle cr. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 store.s, and 20 dwellings. Harmony, t., Wasiiington co.. Mo. Pop. 789. Harmo.\y Grove, p-o., Jackson co., Ga., 83n. Milledgeville, 623 W. Harmony Landing, p-o., Oldham co., Ky., 51 V. w. Frankfort, 593 W. Har.mony Vale, p-v., Hardiston t., Sussex CO., N. J., 83 N. Trenton, 252 W. It contains a Presbyterian church, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Harnageville, p-v., Cherokee co., Ga., 139 N. w. Milledgeville, 670 W. Harper's Ferry, p-v., JefTerson co., Va., 173 N. Richmond, 57 W. Situated at the junction of the Shenandoah r. with the Potomac r., at the passage of the united stream through the Blue Ridge, so finely described by Mr. Jefferson. There is probably not a more picturesque spot in the United States. The v. contains 3 churches — 1 Methodist, 1 Free church, 1 Roman Catholic — 2 masonic halls, 1 academy, 12 stores, 1 of the largest flouring mills in the Union, 1 iron furnace, 810 dwellings, and a national armory, where 8,850 small-arms are annually raanuiactured, employ- ing 2 to hands. In tlie armory, 80 or 90,000 stand of arms are usually kept, and as they are sent away, replaced by others from the factories. The Chesapeake and Oliio canal passes along the n. bank of the Potomac. The Baltimore and Ohio railro.id passes through this place. The Potomac is here crossed by a bridge, 750 feet long between the abutments, connecting the v. vvilh the Mary- land side. Few places are more deserving the attention of the curious traveller than this. Harper's Ferry, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. C, 119 w. Columbia, 555 W. Harpersfield, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 64 w. by s. Albany, 360 W. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, a fertile, chocolate colored loam, well cultivated. Drained by Charlotte and Dela- ware rivers. The v. contains 2 churches- 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist — I stores, 40 dwell- ings, and about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t., 3 stores, cap. $5,700 ; 3 lulling m., 1 tanne- ry, 6 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufact\ires, $5,17,5. 20 sch. 499 scholars. Pop. 1,708. Harpersfiei,d, p-t., Ashtabula co., , 195 n. E. Columbus, 350 W. Early and generally set- tled. Watered by Grand r. In the n. vv. corner is the V. of Unionville, lying partly in 3 counties. There are in the t., 3 stores, cap. $1,200 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,650. Pop. 1,397. Harpersville, p-v., Colesville t., Broome co., N. Y., 116 w. s. w. Albany, 310 W. Situated a little distance from the Susqueiianna r., and con- tains 1 Episcopal church, 1 store, 1 saw m., 35 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Harpersville, p-v., Shelby co., Ala., 91 e. Tuscaloosa, 763 W. Harpeth, r., Tenn., rises in Williamson co., and after a course of about 60 ms., falls into Cum- berland r., 19 ms. N. w. Nashville. It is naviga- ble for boats to Franklin. Harpeth, p-o., Williamson co., Tenn., 27 s. Nashville, 690 W. Harpswell, t., Cumberland co., Me., 22 n. e. Portland, 4 s. e. Brunswick. It comprises a promontory in the n. e. part of Casco bay, and several islands. The soil is fertile, and it pre- sents a delightful summer residence. The fish- eries employ a portion of the inhabitants. It has 5 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $6,000 ; 16 sch. 549 scholars. Pop. 1,448. HARaui, p o., Coosa CO., Ala. Harels Store, p-o.. New Hanover co., N. C, 116 s. s.E. Raleigh, 346 W. Harriettstow.v, t., Franklin co., N. Y., 35 s. Malone, 190 n. by w. Albany. It is mostly a wilderness. The surface in the s. e. part is mountainous. It contains Lower Saranac lake, and other small lakes and ponds, forming the .sources of Racket and Saranac rivers. IIarrietsville, p-o., Monroe CO., O., 121 e. Columbus, 295 W. Harrington, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 127 e. Augusta, 710 W. It has the Atlantic s., Plea- sant bay on tite e., and Narraguagus bay on the w. Narraguagus r., which runs on its w. border, affords water power. It contains 3 stores, 1 tan- nery, 3 grist m., 5 saw in. Cap. in manufac. $45,136. 19 sch. 635 scholars. Population, 1,542. Harrington, t., Bergen co., N. J. Boimded E. by Hudson r., along which runs the Closter mountains, 400 feet high, forming the Palisades. Otherwise, the surface is level ; soil, a fertile loam, well cultivated. Watered by Hackensa(;k r. and its branches. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,200. 6 sch. 154 scholars. Pop. 1,130. Harri.vgton, p-v., Cumberland co., N. C, 59 s. by W.Raleigh, 317 W. Harris, county, Ga. Situated on the w. bor- der of the state, and contains 440 sq. ms. Pine mountain runs across the n. part of the co. Drained by Long, Flat Shoal, Pine, Mulberry, and other creeks, tributaries of Chattahoochee r, which runs on its w. border. Capital, Hamilton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,311, sheep 1,135, swine 7,935 ; wheat 12,585 bush, produced, Ind. corn 132,275, oats 3,190, potatoes 1,855, cot- ton 719,300 pounds, 12 stores, cap. $23,800 ; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 3 flouring m., 6 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,400. 1 acad. 70 HAR 266 HAR students, 18 sell. 585 scholars. Pop. whites 7,482, slaves 6,418, free col'd 33; total, 13,933. Harris, p-t., Centre co.. Pa. It has 5 stores cap. $19,500 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 pottery, 6 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $16,3^0. 1 acad. 23 students, 5 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,978. Harris, t., Ottowa co., O., 14 n. Lower San- dusky, at the rapids of Portage r., where there are fine mill sites. Pop. 318. Harris, p-o., Louisa to., Va., 53 n. w. Rich mond, 97 W. Harrisburg, p-l., Lewis co., N. V., 145 n. w. Albany, 427 W. The surface is mostly level, and the soil is a fertile brown loam. Drained by Deer cr. and another slrcani, branches of Black r., which afford good water power. It has 2 saw m., 12 sch. 285 scholars. Pop. 850. Harrisburg, city, capital of Dauphin co., and of the stale of Pennsylvania, is situated on the e bank of the Susqueiianna, 98 i\. w. by w. of Philadelphia, 184 e. Pittsburg, 110 W., in 40° 16 N. lat., and 76° 50' w. long. Pop. 1820, 3,000 : 1830, 4,307; 1840, 5,980. Its situation is com- manding, having a fine view of the river and surrounding country. The houses are well built, and generally of brick. It has a splendid State House, on elevated ground, from which there is a gradual descent to the river. The building is 180 feet long by 80 feet deep, and 2 stories high, with a cupola. Tlie exterior of the building, the interior arrangements, and the ornamented grounds by which it is surrounded, are in a high degree imposing. The county court house is a large and commodious brick building, containing halls for the courts and public offices, and is sur- mounted by a cupola. The county prison is a large stone edifice, with a spacious yard, and surrounded by a high stone wall. The Lancas- terian School House is a large 2 story brick build- ing, erected at the expense of the state. There are 2 banks, and 9 churches, some of them ele- gant structures — 1 Lutheran, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 German Reformed, 2 Methodist, 1 Baptist, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 African. The Masonic Hall is an elegant edifice, and a fine market house is located at the centre of the place, at the intersection of two principal streets. The bridge over the Susquehanna is a fine cov- ered structure, extending to an island in the river, and thence to the opposite bank, 2,876 feet long, 40 feet wide, 50 feet above the surface of the river, and cost $155,000 ; there is another recently built. There were in 1840, 3 commis- sion houses engaged in for. trade, cap. $23,500 ; 76 retail stores, cap. $319,860 ; 5 lumber yards, cap. $25,000 ; 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 3 breweries, 2 potteries, 1 saw m., 12 printing office.s, 6 bin- deries, 11 weekly newspapers, 1 periodical. Cap. in manufac. $195,450. 3 acad. 115 students, 12 sch. 588 scholars. Harrisburg, p-v., Pleasant t., Franklin co., O., 23 s. w. Columbus, 416 W. Situated on Darby cr. Pop. 8L Harrisville, t., Medina co., O. It has 3 stores, cap. $27,000 ; 1 fulling ni., 1 tannery, 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,250; 6 sch. 246 scholars. Pop. 1,255. * Harrisburg, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 251 w. s. w. Raleigh, 390 VV. Harrisburg, p-v., Fayette co., la., 56 e. In- dianapolis, 5:^3 W. Harrisburg, p-v.. Van Buren co., Iowa. Harriso.n, county, Va. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 1,095 sq. ms. Wa- tered by the w. fork of Monongahela r. and its branches which flow n., and by head waters of Middle Island cr. which flow w. The surface is broken ; soil, fertile. Within this county is Rec- tor College, under the direction of the Methodists, founded in 1839, and contains a president and 50 students, independent of the preparatory de- partment. Capital, Clarksburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 23,536, sheep 35,119, swine 32,397 ; wheat 135,774 bush produced, rye 8,608, Ind. corn 420,900, buckwheat 6,397, oats 225,645, potatoes 62,2S5, tobacco 22,800 pounds, sugar 200,372 : 30 stores, cap. $9S,700 ; 1 fulling m'., 9 tanneries, 33 distilleries, 2 potteries, 50 grist m., 53 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $130,820. 1 col- lege, 110 students, 18 sch. 436 scholars. Pop. whites 16,850, slaves 693, free col'd 126 ; total, 17,699. Harrison, county, Ky. Situated toward the N. E. part of the state, and contains 356 sq. ms. Drained by the s. fork of Licking r. and its tribu- taries. Licking r. runs through its n. e. part. The soil is generally fertile. Capital, Cynthiana. There were in 1840, neat cattle 27,433, sheep 55,408, swine 86,619; wheat 350,979 bush, pro- duced, rye 111,225, oats 240,266, tobacco 31,521 ponnd.s, cotton 2,471, sugar 307,636; 42 stores, cap. $193,350 ; 3 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 624 sp., 8 tanneries, 39 distilleries, 12 flouring m., 52 grist m., 34 saw m., 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. .$215,953. 27 sch. 617 scholars. Pop. whites 8,995, slaves 3,384, free col'd 93 ; total, 12,472. Harrison, county, O. Situated in the e part of the state, and contains 486 sq. m.s. The surface is hilly and broken, and the soil very fer- tile. Drained on the w. by Stillwater cr. and Conotten cr. and their branches, which flow into Tuscarawas r., and on the e. by the head branch- es of Indian and Indian Short creeks, which flow into the Ohio. Capital, Cadiz. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,290, sheep 48,355, swine 30,778 ; wheat 364,069 bush, procluced, rye 14,302, buckwheat 15,330, barley 3i2, oats 358,932, pota- totoes 70,111, cotton 330,327 pounds, sugar 18,736 ; 48 stores, cap. $60,560 ; 10 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 19 tanneries, 13 distilleries, 3 pot- teries, 3 flouring m., 37 grist m., 119 saw m., 2 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $129,135. 1 college, 2L( students, 2 acad. 45 students, 91 sch. 3,578 scholars. Pop. 20,099. Harrison, county, la. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 470 sq. ms. The Ohio r. runs by a curve in its s. e., s., and s. w. border. Drained by Blue r., and Big and Little Indian, and Buck creeks, tribu'aries of the Ohio r. Sur- face undulating or hilly ; soil, on the streams, very fertile, otherwise moderately good. Capi- tal, Corydon. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,038, sheep 14,653, swine 19,332 ; wheat 66,203 bush, produced, Ind. corn 164,949, oats 73,873, potatoes 18,547; 8 tanneries, 22 distilleries, 1 powder m., 7 flouring m., 20 grist m., 15 saw m., 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly newspaper., 1 acad. 90 students, 6 sch. 162 scholars. Pop. 12,459. Harrison, county. Miss. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 870 sq. ms. Sur- face level. Soil, light and sandy. Drained by Biloxi r. and branches, Wolf and Red rivers. Capital, Mississippi city. Harrison, p-t., Cumberland co., Me., 62 w. s. w. Augusta, 580 W. Long Pond lies on its s. w. border and is connected with Portland by a canal, and otherwise. Crooked r. runs on its E. border. The soil is fertile, adapted to wheat. In corporated in 1805. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulhug m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 14 bch. 481 scholars. Pop. 1,243. HAR 267 HAR Harrison, t., Westchester co., N. Y., 3 e. White Plains, 134 s. Albany. The surface is generally level ; soil, a fertile loam, and well cultivated. Drained by Blind brook, and Ma- maroneck cr., which flow into Long Island sound. It has 7 sch. 180 scholars. Pop. 1,139. Harriso.v, t., Hudson co., N. J. Situated be- tween the Hackensack and Passaic rivers. Sur- face level, mostly salt marsh. It has 1 pottery, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,550. 4 sch. 127 scholars. Pop. 1,156. Harrison, t.. Potter co.. Pa. It has 1 saw m., 4 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 497. Harrison, p-v., Crosby t., Hamilton co., O., 126 vv. s. w. Columbus, 21 n. w. Cincinnati, 510 W. Situated on the n. side of Whitewater r. It contains 3 churches, 6 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 carding machine, 100 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. The main street runs on the line between Ohio and Indiana, so that about one third of the inhabitants are in Indiana. Harrison, t., Carroll co., O. It contains the V. of Harrisburg. It has 1 school. Pop. 1,308. Harrison, t.. Champaign co., O. Watered by Stony cr. The line of the Mad River and Lake Erie railroad passes through it. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500 ; 2 saw m. Pop. 790. Harriso.n, t., Darke co., O., contains New Madison and BrafRtsville \'illages. It has 2 sch. 63 scholars. Pop. 1,667. HarrisOxN, t., Gallia co., O. Drained by Ra- coon cr. Pop. 688. Harrison, t., Jackson co., O. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,050. Pop. 378. Harrison, t., Knox co.. O. Watered by Ver- non r. It lias 7 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 833. Harrison, t.. Van Wert co., O. Pop. 163. Harrison, t., Licldng co., O. Watered by the s. fork of Licking r. The surface is level ; soil, fertile. It contains the reservoir of the Licking summit of the Ohio canal. It has 9 sch. 292 scholars. Pop. 870. Harrison, t., Logan co., O. It has 3 sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 658. Harrison, t., Preble co., O. The soil is fer- tile, and tolerably well cultivated. Pop. 1,706. Harriso\, t., Scioto CO., O. The surface is hilly ; soil, fertile. It contains 4 grist m., 3 saw m. ■ Pop. 686. Harriso.n, t., Pickaway co., O. Situated on the E. side of Scioto r. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,810. 6 sch. 133 scholars. Pop. 1,149. Harrison, t., Blackford cc, la. Pop. 387. Harrison, t., Clay co., la. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 grist m., 1 school. Pop. 674. Harrison, t., Hancock co., la. It has 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. Pop. 399. Harrison, t., Harrison co., la. It has 3 tan- neries, 9 distilleries, 1 powder m., 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly newspaper, 3 flouring m., 6 grist m., 6 saw m. 2 sch. 56 scholars. Pop. 3,253. Harriso.n, t., Henry co., la. Pop. 788. Harrison, t., Owen co., la. It has 2 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 401. Harrison, t.. Perry co., O. It has 1 pottery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,565. 5 sch. 122 scholars. Pop. 1,034. Harriso.n, t., Macomb co., Mich. The soil is fertile. It has 9 sch. 181 scholars. Pop. 395. Harrison, p-v.. Union co., Ark., 98 s. Little Rock, 1,163 W. Harrison, p-o., Louisa co., Iowa. Harrison, p-v., Hamilton co., Tenn. Harrisonburg, p-v., capital of Rockingham CO., Va., 131 N. w. Richmond, 131 W. It contains a court house, jail, market house, 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 JMethodist — a printing office, with a weekly newspaper, 150 dwellings, and about 1,100 inhabitants. Harrisonburg, pv., capital of Catahoola par.. La., 236 N. w. New Orleans, 1,150 W. Situated on the w. side of Ouchilta r. It contains a court house and a few dwellings. Harrison's Mills, p-o., Crawford co.. Mo., 88 s. E. .leflTerson city, 902 W. Situated on the E. side of Maramec r. Harrison's Tan Yard, p-o.. Christian co., Ky., 206 s. w. Frankfort, 742 W. Harrison Valley, p-o., Potter co.. Pa., 174 N. w. Harrisburg, 238 W. Harrisonville, p-o., Gloucester, co., N. J. IIarrisonville, p-v., Shelby CO., Ky., 39 w. Frankfort, 557 W. Harrisonville, p-o., Bedford co.. Fa. Harrisonville, p-v., Monroe co.. 111., 127 s. s. w. Springfield, 840 W. Situated on the E. bank of the Mississippi r. Contains a store and several dwellings. Harrisonville, p-v., Meigs co., O. Harrisonville, p-v., capital of Van Buren CO., Mo., 174 w. Jefl^rson city, 1,073 W. Situ- ated on the N. side of Grand r., a branch of Osage r. It contains a court house and several dwell- ings. Harrisville, p-v., Butler co.. Pa., 224 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 264 W. It contains 2 stores, and 10 or 12 dwellings. Harrisville, p-v.. Short Creek t., Harrison CO., O., 123 e. n. e. Columbus, 278 W. It con- tains 3 stores. Harrisville, p-v., Dinwiddle co., Va., 53 s. Richmond, 172 W. Harrisville, p-o., Montgomery co., N. C. 126 w. s. w. Raleigh, 400 W. Harrodsburg, pv., capital of fiercer co., Ky., 31s. Frankfort, 553 W. Situated 8 ms. s. of Ken- tucky r., on a small branch of Salt river. It was early settled. It contains a Presbyterian and a Methodist church, a bank, an academy, 2 sch. 55 scholars. Pop. 1,254. It has a mineral spring much resorted to. Here is located Bacon Col- lege, founded in 1836, and contains a president and 8 professors, or other instructors, 203 stu- dents, and 1,200 vols, in its libraries. The com- mencement is on the last Friday iu September. Hart, county, Ky. Situated a little s. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 432 sq. ms. Watered by Green r. and Bacon cr. The sur- face is level ; soil, very fertile. Capital, Mum- fordsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,599, sheep 6,816, swine 9,933; wheat 21,869 bushels produced, rye 1,950, Ind. corn 144,772, oats 64,209, potatoes 4,909, tobacco 346,624 pounds, cotton 2,471 ; 8 stores, cap. $35,500 ; 2 cotton flic. 588 sp., 3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 13 grist m., 8 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $69,855. 9 sch. 241 scholars. Pop. whites 5,978, slaves 1,009, free col'd 44; total, 7,031. Hart, t., Warwick co., la. It has 20 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 3 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 838. Hartfield, v., Chautauque t., Chautauque co., N. Y. Situated on a stream 1 m. n. Chautauque Lake, and contains 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw ra., 1 tannery, 30 dwellings, and 180 inhabitants. Hartford, county, Ct. Situated n. of the centre of the state, and contains 727 sq. miles. Organized in 1666, when it contained several other counties. Connecticut r. runs through the middle of the county. Farmington r. and Mill r. enter the Connecticut on the w., and Podunk, Scantic, and other small tributaries on the e. Its streams afford good water power. Capital, HAR 268 HAR Hartford. There were in 1840, neat catlle 33,63-2, sheep 48,414, swine 19,562; wheat 13,449 bushels produced, rye 177,516, Ind. corn 278,863, buckwiieat 66,571, barley 1,394, oats 219,084, potatoes 278,863, tobacco 471,380 pounds, silk cocoons 2,826, sugar 5,600 ; 13 houses in foreijjn trade, cap. i!«383,000 ; 371 stores, cap. $2,346,345 : 8 lumber yards, cap. $83,000 ; cap. invested in fisheries, §3,510; value of hardware and cutlery manufactured, §325,900 ; 28 fulling m., 20 woollen fac, 12 cotton fac. 12,930 sp., 4 dyeing and print, estab., 26 tanneries, 32 distil- leries, 7 powder m., 7 potteries, 2 rope fac, 1 flour- ing m., 51 grist m., 81 saw m., 19 paper fac, 11 printing offices, 7 binderies, 6 periodicals, 1 daily, 10 weekly, 3 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $3,161,365; 2colleges, 118 students, 18 acad. 1,043 students, 240 sch. 10,983 scholars. Pop. .55,629. Hartford, p-t., Oxford co., Mc, 34 w. Augus- ta, 600 W. It is a good agricultural t. The sur- face is uneven, and the soil adapted to grain and grazing. It has 1 store, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,300. 528 scholars in schools. Pop. 1,472. Hartford, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 52 s. s. F,. Montpelier, 437 W. The surface is uneven, and the soil fertile. Watered by White and Water- queechy rivers. Connecticut r. bounds it on the E. The principal v. is situated on Connecticut r., at the mouth of White r. There are in the t., 6 stores, cap. $44,000 ; 3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $155,780. 21 sch. 683 scholars. Pop. 2,194. Hartford, city, capital of Hartford co., Ct., and the semi-capital of the state Situated on the w. side of Connecticut river, 50 miles from its mouth, at the head of sloop navigation; and is in 41° 45' N. lat., and 70° 50' w. Ion. from Green- wich, and 4° 15' e. Ion. from W. It is 34 miles N. N. E. from New Haven ; 44 n. w. from New- London ; 70 w. from Providence; 100 w. s. w. from Boston; 97 s. e. from Albany ; and 123 n. E. from New York ; 336 W. The population in 1810, was 3,955; in 1820, 4,726; in 1830, 7,076; in 1840, 9,468. Engaged in commerce, 575 ; in manufactures and trades, 1,081 ; learned pro- fessions, 112. The compact part of the city is more than a mile in length, and three fourths of a mile wide. The ground rises gradually from the river, and on the w. and s. becomes considerably elevated The streets are not laid out with great regularity Main-street, which passes through the place in a N. and s. direcUon, about 60 rods from the river, is broad, and well built ; and Little river, which crosses the s. part of the city from west to east, is crossed in this street by a stone bridge, 100 feet ■wide, consisting of a single arch of 104 feet span, over 30 feet above the bed of the river. Many of the streets have fine houses in pleasant locations. Little river furnishes, in the city, some valuable water power. Hartford is well situated to be- come a considerable commercial capital. Con- necticut r., which has been made navigable for boats, 220 miles, to the mouth of Wells river, in Newbury, Vt., opens an extensive country to it at the north. A covered bridge, 1,000 feet long and which cost about $100,000, connects the city with East Hartford. A line of steamboats connects the city with New York ; and a railroad extends 3S miles to New Haven. _ Among the public buildings and institutions IS the state house, a spacious and hand.some edi- fice, fronimg on Main-street. The legislature now meets here, on each alternate year, the odd years at Hartford. The city hall is a large and commodious building of the Doric order of ar- chitecture. Washington College has an elevated and commanding position in the western part of the city, has 2 large edifices, was founded in 1821, has a president and 8 other professors or instructors, has had 175 alumni, of whom 42 have been ministers, has 80 students, and 6,300 vols, in its libraries ; its philosophical apparatus is quite complete, a cabinet of minerals and a botanical garden are connected with the institu- tion. It is under the direction of the Episco- palians. The commencement is on the first Thursday of August. The American Asylum, for the instruction of the deaf and dumb, was the first establishment of the kind in the United States, and has prepared teachers for other similar institutions. The Rev. Thomas H. Gal- laudet, its first principal, visited Europe, and par- ticulary France, to obtain the requisite inlbrma- tion, and was eminently successful. In addition to funds granted by the state, and by individuals, the United States granted a township of land, in Alabama, consisting of upwards of 23,000 acres, which constitutes a permanent fund, and enables the institution to afford instruction on very favorable terms. It has a large and com- modious building, in a commanding situation, in the w. part of the city, surrounded by 8 or 10 acres of land belonging to the establishment. It has, usually, about 140 pupils. The Retreat for the Insane, is on a commanding eminence, a mile and a quarter s. from the state house, and was opened in .\pril, 1324. It has a spacious and fine stone edifice, covered with cement, and, with the sur- rounding grounds, has a handsome appearance. It is well conducted, and is one of the best insti- tutions of the kind in the United States. The Atheneum, an elegant edifice of the Gothic order of architecture, is now being constructed, intend- ed to accommodate the "Young Men's Institute," " Historical Societj'," and Gallery of Paintings. There are, in the city, 12 churches — 3 Congre- gational, 2 Episcopal, 2 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Universalist, 1 Roman Catholic. There are 5 banks, with an aggregate cap. of over $3,000,000, a bank for savings, 3 fire and marine insurance companies, an arsenal, a museum, and 2 markets. There were in 1840, 3 for. commercial and 10 commission houses, cap. $383,000 ; 245 retail stores, cap. $1,934,250 ; 6 lumber yards, capital $76,000; machinery produced, $6,000; 5 fur- naces, cap. $54,000; precious metals produced, $27,000; various metals, $121,500; silk, cap. $30,000 ; 1 tannery, cap. $500 ; manufac. of lea- ther, cap. $130,370; 1 pottery, cap. $12,000; 1 ropewalk, cap. $6,000; 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m., cap. $43,000; 11 printing offices, 6 binderies, 1 daily, 10 weekly, and 3 semi-week- ly newspapers, 6 periodicals, employed 191 per- sons, cap. $43,775. Total cap. in manufactures, $578,195. 1 college, 79 students, 5 acad. 535 students, 8 sch. 1,252 scholars. The Indian name of Hartford was Suckiag. In 1633 a company of Dutch tiraders came to Hartford, and built a house at the mouth of Little river, which they called the Hhse of Good Hope, and erected a small fort, in which they planted 2 cannon ; they opposed the first English settle- ment, but at length relinquished their claim. Hartford was first permanently settled in 1635, by the Rev. Mr. Hooker, and a party of emigrants who travelled through the wilderness, with their cattle, from Newtov^'u, (now Cambridge,) Mass., subsisting chiefly on the milk of their cows. It was incorporated as a city in 1784. Hartford, t., Susquehanna Co., Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $11,000; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, HAR 269 HAR 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in mannl'ac. $11,850. 1 acad. 150 students, 10 sch. 23J scholars. Pop. 1,179. H.VRTFORD, p-t., Wasliington co., N. Y., 14 n. Salein, 57 n. n. e. Albany. Tlie surface is hilly, and the soil a sandy and clay loam. Drained by branches of Wood or. The v. is situated on the northern post road, and contains 1 Baptist and 1 Universulist church, 3 stores, 25 dwellings, and 150 inhabitants. The t. contains 5 stores, cap, $14,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 acad. 10 students, 7 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. about 2,164. Hartford, p-v., capital of Ohio co., Ky., 154 w. s. w. Franlitbrt, 696 W. Situated on the s. side of Rough cr., a main branch of Kentucky r., and near the junction of Mead cr. It contains a court house, jail, and 309 inhabitants. Hartford, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 187 n. e. Columbus, 299 W. The soil is fertile and well cultivated. It contains good quarries of building stone. It has 2 churches, 11 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 1,123. Hartford, t.. Licking co., O. Situated near the centre of the state. Tiie village contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. There are in the t., 6 sch. 350 scholars. Pop. 1,355. Hartford, v., Pulaski co., Ga. Situated on the E. side of Ocmulgee r., and contains 12 stores, and about 40 dwellings. Sea shells are found here in great abundance, on the banks of the r., which is 130 miles distant from the ocean. Hartford, p-v., Delaware co., la., 93 n. e. Indianapolis, 525 W. Hartford, p-v., capital of Blackford co., la., 81 N. E. Indianapolis, 552 W. Hartford, t.. Van Buren co., Mich. Pop. 76. Hartford, t.. Pike co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 21 scholars. Pop. 776. Hartford, p-v., Knox co.. 111., 93 n. n. w. Springfield, 525 W. Hartford, p-v., Des Moines co., Iowa. Hartland, p-t., Somerset CO., Me., 47 n. by e. Augusta, 642 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain and to grazing. A large pond lies in its n. part, from which flows a main branch of Sebas- ticook r. Incorporated in 1820. It has 1 saw m., 8 sell. 432 scholars. Pop. 1,02-*. Hartland, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 62 s. s. e. Montpelier, 477 W. Situated on the w. bank of Connecticut r. The surface is diversified, and the soil is fertile. Drained by Waterqueechy r. and Lull's brook, which afford water power. Chartered in 1761 by N. H., and in 1766 by N. Y. First settled in 1763. It has 6 stores, cap. $24,000; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §49,500. 1 acad. 30 students, 20 sch. 791 scholars. Pop. 2,341. Hartland, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 24 .n. n. e. Hartford, 300 W. The surface is mountainous, and the soil adapted to grazing. Watered by the e. branch of Farmington r. Incorporated in 1761. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac, $44,000. 9 sch. 179 scholars. Pop. 1,060. Hartland, p-t., Niagara co., N. Y., 270 w. by N. Albany, 4)0 W. The surface is level ; soil, sandy and calcareous loam. Watered by Johnson's and Eighteen Mile creeks, which flow into Lake Ontario. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,500 ; 2 fulling m., 4 saw m. Cap, in manufac. $6,550. 1 acad. 19 students, 8 sch. 452 scholars. Pop. 2,350. Hartland, p-t., Huron co,, O., 9 s. e. Nor- walk, 106 N. by e. Columbus, 384 W. It has 5 8ch. 155 scholars. Pop. 925. Hartland, p-t., Livingston co., Mich,, 52 w. by N, Detroit, 571 W. It has 4 sch. 103 scholars. Pop. 570. Hartland, p-v., McHenry co., III., 226 n. n. E. Springfield, 778 W. Hartley, t.. Union co., Pa. It has 3 stores, 2 fulling m., 1 forge, 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 2 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manulac. $23,750. 7 sch. 280 scholars. Pop 1,866. Hartlevton, p-v.. Hartley t., Union co., Pa., 81 N. Harrisburg, 191 W. It contains a Luther- an church, 3 stores, and 30 or 40 dwellings. Hart's Cross Roads, p-o., Crawford co.. Pa,, 248 N, w. Harrisburg, 306 W. Hart's Grove, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 181 n. E. Columbus, 332 W. Organized in 1320. It has 1 store, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop 553. Hartshorn, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 61 n. w. Raleigh, 301 W. Hart's Location, p-o., Coos co., N. H., 88 n. Concord, 574 W. Hart's Mills, p-o., Ripley co., la., 78 s. e. Indianapolis, 540 W, Hart's Village, p-o., Washington t., Dutch- ess CO., N. v., 80 s. Albany, 314 W. Hartsville, p-v., Tyringham t., Berkshire CO., Mass., 134 w. by s. Boston, 361 W. Hartsville, p-v., Manlius t., Onondaga co,, N. Y., 128 N. by w. Albany, 334 W. It con- tains 1 store, 1 cotton fac, 1 woollen fac, and about 30 dwellings, Hartsville, p-v., Bucks co.. Pa., 103 E. Harri-sburg, 157 W. Situated on the line between Warminster and Warwick townships, and con- tains a store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Hartsville, p-v., Sumner co., Tenn., 45 N. E. Na.shville, 64S W. Situated on the n. side of Cumberland r., and contains 1 church, 1 female seminary, and 300 inhabitants. Hartsville, p-v., Bartholomew co., la., 54 s, Indianapolis, 566 W. Hartsville, p-o., Darlington Dist., S. C, 105 E. by N. Columbu.s, 477 W. Hartsville, p-o., Stark co., O., 136 n. e. Co- lumbus, 321 W. Hartsville, p-o,, Shiawassee co., Mich., 83 N. w. Detroit, 586 W. Hartville, v., capital of Wright co,. Mo. Situated on the n, side of Wood's Fork of Gasconade r, Hartwick, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 74 w. Al- bany, 367 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, a fer- tile sandy loam. Drained by Otego cr. and Susquehanna r. The v. is situated in the valley of tiie Otego cr., in the n. w. part of the t., and contains 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Metho- dist church, 7 stores, 1 iron foundry, 1 grist ra., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 70 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. There are in the t,, 7 stores, cap, $19,200; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 2,616 sp., 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $79,200, 2 acad. 75 students, 17 sch. 1,006 scholars. Pop. 2,490. Hartwick Seminary, p-v., Hartwick t., Otsego CO., N. Y., 73 w. Albany, 369 W. Situ- ated on Susquehanna r., in the e. part of the t. Here is situated the " Hartwick Seminary," under the direction of the Lutherans, for a litera- ry and theological education. Founded in 1816, by a donation of $80,0(.)0, by John Christopher Hartwick. The number of students is small. It has a library of 1,000 vols. Here are also a Lutheran church, and about 20 dwellings. Hartwood, p-o., Sullivan co., N, Y,, 118 s. W.Albany, 276 W, HAT 270 HAV Hartwood, p-0., Stafford co., Va., 72 n. Ricli- mond, 63 W. Harvard, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 32 n. w. Boston, 472 W. Organized in 1732. Na.sh- na r. runs on it,s w. border. Watered by Stony r., which proceeds from a large pond, near the centre of the t. The v. at the centre, near the outlet of the pond, contains 1 Congregational and 1 Unitarian church. In the n. k. pari of the t. is a society of Shakers. There are in the t., 3 stores, cap. $15,500 ; 3 paper fac, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,900. 9 sch. 434 scholars. Pop. 1,571. Harvevs, p-o., Greene co., Pa., 223 s. w. Harrisburg, 23J W. Harveysburgh, p-v., Wayne t., Warren co., O., 81 N. E. Columbus, 455 W. It contains about 40 dwellings, and 300 inhabitants. Harvev's Store, p-o., Charlotte co., Va., 110 s. w. Richmond, 197 W. Harveysville, p-v., Luzerne co., Pa., 108 n. K. Harrisburg, 219 W. Harwich, p-t., Barnstable co., Mass., 89 s. e. Boston, 490 W. It has the Atlantic on the s. Incorporated in 1G94. Watered by Long pond and Herring r. its outlet, which affords water power. 2,310 bush, salt were manufactured in 1840. The cod and mackerel fisheries employ most of the inhabitants. It has 12 stores, cap. $21,850; 8 grist ra. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 13 sch. 1,127 scholars. Pop. 2,930. Harwinton, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 24 w. Hartford, 334 W. The surface is elevated and uneven, and the soil adapted to grazing. Incorporated in 1737. Watered by Naugatuc r., which runs on its w. border, and Lead Mhie r. its tributary. The v. contains 1 Congregational and 1 Episcopal church, and 20 or 30 dwellings. There are in the t., 1 cotton fac, 4 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,900. 12 sch. 312 scholars. Pop. 1,201. Haskellville, p-o., Lawrence co., O. Haskinsville, p-v., Greene co., Ky., 97 s. s. vv. Frankfort, 620 W. Hastings, p-t., Oswego co., N. Y., 150 w. n. w. Albany, 371 W. The surface is level ; soil, .sandy loam, adapted to grass. Drained by Salmon cr. on the n., and the outlet of Oneida lake on its s. border. It has 6 stores, cap. $9,950 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $9,350. 1 acad. 48 students, 22 sch. 519 scholars. Population 1,983. Hastings, v., Yonkers t., Westchester co., N. Y., 20 N. New York. Situated on the e. side of Hudi-on r., and has a convenient landing. It contains a store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Hastings, p-o., Richland co., O., 70 n. by e. Columbus, 376 W. Hastings, p-t., capital of Barry co., Mich., 144 w. by N. Detroit, 609 W. The v. is situated on Thornapple r., which affords extensive water power. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $800. 3 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 279. Hat, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa., 50 s. E. Harris- burg, 125 W. Hat Creek, p-o., Campbell co., Va. Hatborough, p-v., Moreland t., Montgomery CO., Pa., 17 N. Philadelphia, 112 e. Harrisburg, 153 VV. It is pleasantly situated near Penny- pack cr., and contains a well endowed academy, a public library, 2 stores, 1 grist m., and over 40 dwellings. Hatchersville, p-o., Chesterfield co., Va. H.vtchy, p o., Hayward co., Tenn., 164 w. Nashville, 849 W. Hatcuy, r., Tenn., rises in McNairy co., and, flowing N. w., w., and s. w., over 100 ms., falls into the Mississippi, at Randolph. Hatfield, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 97 w. Boston, 334 W. Situated on the w. side of Con- necticut r. The soil is generally fertile. Watered by Mill r. It contains a pleasant v., which has a congregational church. A bridge across Con- necticut r. connects it with Hadley. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 : 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,700. 6 sch. 295 scholars. Pop. 933. Hatfield, t., Montgomery co.. Pa., 21 n. w. Philadelphia. The surface is rolling ; soil, sandy loam. Watered by Neshaminy and Towamen- sing creeks. It contains the v. of Lexington. It has 3 stores, cap. $7,000. Pop. 8J5. Hatteras, cape, N. C, a stormy and danger- ous low promontory on the s. w. end of an isl- and, composed of sand and rock, which encloses Pamlico sound. It is the dread of navigators, and has been the occasion of many shipwrecks. Situated in 35° 15'. n. lat., and 75° 30' vv. Ion. Havanna, p-v., Catherines t., Chemung co., N. Y., 194 w. s. w. Albany, 299 W. Situated on the inlet of Seneca lake, 3 miles from its mouth, and on the line of the Chemung canal. Incor- porated in 1S36. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 9 stores, 1 warehouse, 1 cot- ton fac, 2 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 plas- ter m., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 2 boat yards, 100 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. Havanna, v.. Licking co., O. Pop. 54. Havanna, p-v., Greene co., Ala., 25 s. Tusca- loosa, 844 W. Havanna, p-v., capital. Mason co., HI., 45 n. N. w. Springfield, 825 W. Situated on the e. side of Illinois r., directly opposite to the mouth of Spoon r. It is on a high sandy ridge, 5 J feet above the highest flood of the r. It has a con- venient landing. Havensville, p-o., Bradford co.. Pa., 157 n. Harrisburg, 264 W. Haverford, p-t., Delaware co.. Pa., 95 s. E. Harrisburg, 8 Philadelphia, 137 W. The sur- face is hilly ; soil, a fertile sandy loam, well cul- tivated. Darby cr. runs on its w. boundary. Cobb's cr. runs through the e. part. It has 3 stores, cap. $S,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $4,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac 150 sp., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $55,000. 1 college, 78 students, 3 sch. 295 schol- ars. Pop. 1,139. Haverhill, p-t., semi-capital of Grafton co., N. H., 70 N. N. vv. Concord, 515 W. Situated on the E. side of Connecticut r. Incorporated in 1764. Watered by Hazen's and Oliverian brooks, which flow into Connecticut r. The principal v., called Haverhill Corner, is pleasantly situated on the s. side of Oliverian brook, near its entrance into Connecticut r. It contains a court house, jail, banking house, an academy, a Congrega- tional church, a printing office, and about 60 dwellings, many of them handsome. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $2,300 ; 2 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly paper, 4 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac $40,075. 9 sch. 532 schol- ars. Pop. 2,784. Haverhill, p-t., Essex co., Mass., 32 n. by w. Boston, 462 W. Situated on the n. side of Merrimac r., at the head of navigation, opposite to Bradford, witii which if is connected by an elegant bridge, 800 feet long. There is anotlier bridge in the e. part of the t., 1,000 feet long, where is another v., containing a Baptist church. The principal v. contains 4 churches — 1 Congre- gational, 1 Baptist, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Universal- ist — a bank, 2 printing offices, and various manu- facturing establishments. Vessels of 100 tons HAW 271 HAY come to this place. There are in the t. 31 stores, cap. $63,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- neries, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 5 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $345, 150. 1 acad. 70 students, 25 sch. 1,027 scholars. Pop. /I 335. Haverstraw, pt., Rockland co., N. Y., 115 s. Albany, 271 W. The surface is mountainous, with some fertile valleys. Soil, clay loam. Hud- son r. bounds it on the e. It has convenient landings. The v., on Hudson r., contains 2 churches, an academy, 6 stores, 1 ship yard, 60 dwellings, and 400 inhabitants. A steamboat and several sloops ply between this place and New York. Stony Point, famous in the revolu- tionary war, lies in this t. There are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $25,500; 1 lumber yard, cap. $5,000; 1 furnace, 2 forges, 1 fulling m., I woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $221,000. 6 sch. 212 scholars. Pop. 3,449. Haviland's Hollow, p-o., Patterson t., Put- nam CO , N. Y., 95 s. Albany, 298 W. Havre de Grace, p-v., seaport, Harford co., Md., fit N. E. Annapolis, 71 W. Situated on the w. bank of Susquehanna r., at its entrance into Chesapeake bay. The Wilmington and Balti- more railroad passes through the place, and crosses the Susquehanna r. by a steam ferry. The Susquehanna canal terminates here, and connects the Chesapeake with the canals of Pa. It contains 1 Episcopal church, several stores, a printing office, and 1,200 inhabitants. It has val- uable sliad and herring fisheries. It was burned in 'H13 by the British, under Admiral Cockburn. Hawesville, p-v., capital of Hancock co., Ky., 135 w. by s. Frankfort, 677 W. Situated on the s. bank of the Ohio r., at the mouth of Lead cr. It has a court house, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, and 420 inhabitants. Hawfield, p-v., Orange co., N. C, 48 n. w. Raleigh, 232 W. Hawkins, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. E. part of the state, and contains 750 sq ms. The surface is mountainous. Drained by Holston and Clinch rivers, and their tributaries. Capital, Rogersville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,198, sheep 18,8^7, swine 54,320 ; wheat 100,777 bush, produced, rye 3,992, Ind. com 697,966, oats 206,612. potatoes 51,754, tobacco 53,140 pounds, cotton 929, sugar 51,030 ; 13 stores, cap. .$1 12,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 1,149 sp., 12 tanneries, 53 distilleries, 1 pottery, 7 flour- ing m., 46 grist m., 32 saw m., 3 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly nev^spaper. Cap. in manufac. $139,744. 1 acad. 20 students, 50 sch. 1,037 scholars. Pop. whites 13,408, slaves 1,499, free col'd 128; total, 15,035. Hawkinsville, p o., Sussex co., Va., 43 s. Richmond, 162 W. Hawki.nsville, p-v., capital of Pulaski co., Ga., 71 s. Milledgeville, 718 W. Situated on the w. bank of the Ocniulgee r. It has a court liouse, jail, and bank. Hawley, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., Ill w. by N. Boston, 405 W. The surface is elevated and imeven, and the soil adapted to grazing. Water- ed by branches of Deerfield r. Incorporated in 1792. Iron ore is found here. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,200; 2 tanneries, 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,550. 10 sch. 264 scholars. Pop. 977. Haw Patch, po., La Grange co., la., 157 n. E. Indianapolis, 396 W. Haw, r., N. C, rises in Rockingham and Guil- ford counties, and in Chatham co. unites with Deep r., to form the n. w. branch of Cape Fear r. Haw Creek, t., Morgan co., Mo. Pop. 603. Haw River, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 59 n. w. Raleigh, 292 W. Hawsburo, p-v., Rappahannock co., Va., 130 N. N. w. Richmond, 87 W. Hawsertown, p-o., Owen co., la., 70 s. w. Indianapolis, 641 W. Haycock, t., Bucks co., Pa., 12 Doylestown. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel. Watered by Tohickon creek and its tributaries. It has 1 tan- nery, 4 potteries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,200. 3 sch. 65 scholars. Pop. 1,021. Hayfield, p-t., Crawford co., Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 1 distillery, 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,200. Pop. 1,401. Haydensville, p-o., Hampshire co., Mass., 98 w. Boston, 386 W. Haydon's, p-o., Owen co., Ky., 37 n. Frank- fort, 548 W. Haysville, p-v., Vermilion t., Richland co., O., 78 N. N. e. Columbus, 363 W. It is a small v., containing 2 stores. Hay Market, p-v.. Prince William co., Va., 114 N. Richmond, 46 W. Haymeadow, p-o., Wilkes co., N. C, 184 w. by N. Raleigh, 338 W. Haynes, p o., Grainger Co., Tenn., 220 e. Nashville, 485 W. Hayne8ville, p-o., Aroostook co.. Me., 159 n. E. Augusta, 754 W. Haynesville, p-v., Ohio co., Ky., 141 s. w. Frankfort, 633 W. Haynesville, p-v., York dist., S. C, 86 n. Columbia, 437 W. Haynesville, p-v., Houston co.,Ga., 69 s. w. 3Iilledgeville, 723 W. Haynesville, p-v., capital of Lowndes co., Ala., 116 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 859 W. Situated on the N. side of Big Swamp cr., and contains a court house, and several dwellings. Haystack, p-o., Surry co., N. C, 160 w.by n. Raleigh, 341 W. Haywood, county, N. C. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 1,890 sq. ms. Tlie Blue Ridge lies on the s. side. Tlie Smoky mountains are on its n. w. border. Drained by the head branches of Tennessee r., the chief of which are Cowee and Tuckaseegee crs. The sur- face is elevated, being in its lower parts 1,500 ft. above the level of the ocean. Capital, Waynes- ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,478, sheep 5,293, swine 9,135 ; wheat 19,559 bushels produced, rye 7,73.5, Ind. corn 183,554, buckwheat 2,044, oats 36,263, potatoes 15,916, tobacco 10,6:28 pounds ; 7 stores, cap. $52,000 ; 5 tanneries, 17 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 9 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,308. 1 sch. 64 scholars. Pop. whites 4,650, slaves 304, free col'd 21 ; total, 4,975. Haywood, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. vv. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. miles. Watered on the s. by the Ilatchy river and its branches ; and in the n. by the s. fork of Forked Deer r. and branches. Capital, Brownsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 15,318, sheep 5,182, swine 53,850; wheat 34,100 bush, produc- ed, rye 4,7tX), Ind. com 710,500, oats 80,600, po- tatoes 75,000, rice 4,500 pounds, tobacco 193,500, cotton 3.175,000; 21 stores, cap. $177,000; 5 tan- neries, 6 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 9 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $43,200. 4 acad. 132 students, 23 sch. 493 scholars. Pop. whites 7,375, slaves 6,257, free col'd 33; total, 13,870. Haywood, p-v., Chatham co., N. C, 31 w. Ra- leigh, 319 W. Situated at the confluence of Haw and Deep rivers to form Cape Fear r. HEB 272 HEI Hazard Forge, p-o., Hardy co., Va., 188 n. w. Richmond, 150 W. Hazle Green, p-v., Madison co., Ala., 171 n. N. E. Tuscaloosa, 722 W. Hazle Green, p-o., Morgan co., Ky., 100 e. by s. Frankfort, 511 W. Hazle Green, p-o., Grant co., Wis., 83 w. Madison, 891 W. Hazleton, p-v., Hazle t., Luzerne co.. Pa., 106 N. E. Harrisburg, 214 W. Hazle, t., Luzerne co.. Pa. It has 4 stores, cap. $15,000; 1 furnace, 5 saw m. Cap. inman- ufac. $4,200. 3 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 893. Hazlewood, p-o., Chester dist., S. C, 49 n. Columbia, 456 W. Head of Harbor, v., Smithtown t, Suffolk CO., N. Y., 50 E. New York city. Pleasantly sit- uated around the head of Stony Brook harbor. It has about 25 dwellings. Head of Paint, p-o., Morgan co., Ky., 125 w. Frankfort, 469 W. Head of Sassafras, p-o., Kent co., Md., 70 n. e. Annapolis, 110 W. Headley's Mills, p-o.. Fountain co., la., 85 w. N. w. Indianapolis, 656 W. Healing Springs, p-o., Davidson co., N. C, 136 w. Raleigh, 373 W. Heard, county, Ga. Situated on the w. line of the state. It contains about 175 sq. ms. The Chattahoochee r. enters its n. e. corner and pass- es through it. The surface is level ; soil, mode- rately fertile. Capital, Franklin. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,329, sheep 1,636, swine 12,019; wheat 19,741 bush, produced, Ind. corn 165,597, oats 8,806, potatoes 5,144, cotton 1,846,593 pounds ; 14 stores, cap. $33,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 11 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,110. 2 acad. 78 students, 5 sch. 161 scholars. Pop. whites 3,749, slaves 1,577, free col'd 3 ; total, 5,329. Heards Ridge, p-o., Penobscot co.. Me., 120 N. E. Augusta, 713 W. Heart Prairie, p-o., Walworth co.. Wis. Heath, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 109 w. n. w. Boston, 457 W. The surface is mountainous ; soil, adapted to grazing. Incorporated in 1785. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanne- ries, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, $3,600. 9 sch. 266 scholars. Pop. 895. Heath, t., Harrison co., la. It has 4 distille- ries, 4 grist m. Pop. 1,354. Heathsville, p-v., capital of Northumberland CO., Va., 98 E. by n. Richmond, 157 W. Beau- tifully situated near the head of Coan r. It con- tains a court house, jail, Methodist church, an academy, 1 flouring m., 1 tannery, and about 60 dwellings. Heathsville, p-v., Halifax co., N. C, 82 n. E. Raleigh, 228 W. Heaton's Furnace, p-o., Trumbull co., O., 169 N. e. Columbus, 303 W. Hebardsville, p-v., Alexander t., Athens co., O., 6 s. Athens, 78 s. s. e. Columbus, 345 W. Hebberdsville, p-v., Hendenson co., Ky., 183 w. by s. Frankfort, 710 W. Hebron, p-t., Oxford co., Me., 45 w.s. w. Au- gusta, 586 W. Incorporated in 1792. The soil 18 fertile. Drained by a branch of Androscoggin r. It has 3 saw m., 1 acad. 20 students, 8 sch. 396 scholars. Pop. 945. Hebron, p-t., Grafton co., N. H.,40 x.w. Con- cord 512 W Incorporated in 1792. About half of Newfound lake occupies its s. part. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 saw m., 1 acad. 40 students, 6 scli. 192 scholars. Pop 508 Hebron, p-t., Tolland co., Ct., 25 s. e. Hart- ford, 343 W. Incorporated in 1707. Hop r., a branch of Willimantic r., forms the n. e. bound- ary. North pond, in the s. part, aflTords by its outlet, water power. The surface is uneven and hilly ; .soil, considerably fertile. The t. contains 4 churches — 2 Congregational, 1 Episco- pal, and 1 Methodist. The principal v. contains a handsome Episcopal church, of Gothic archi- tecture, a Congregational church, and a number of neat houses. There are in the t., 7 stores, cap. $13,900 ; 3 cotton fac. 1,400 sp., 2 furnaces, 2 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 1 paper fac, 6 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 344 scholars. Pop. 1,726. 1,000. 10 sell. Hebron, p-t, Washington co., N. Y., 54 n. Al- bany, 424 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Black cr. It has 9 stores, cap. $24,050 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tan- neries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,838. 18 sch. 813 scholars. Pop. 2,498. Hebron, t.. Potter co.. Pa. Pop. 162. Hebron, p-t.. Licking co., O., 27 n. e. Colum- bus, 366 W. It has 1 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 473. Hebron, p-v., Washington co., Ga., 16 s. e. MiUedgeviUe, 664 W. Hebron, p-v., McHenry co.. 111., 230 n. n. e. Springfield, 765 W. Hecktown, p-v., Lower Nazareth t., North- ampton CO., Pa., 99 e. n. e. Harrisburg, 192 W. It contains a Lutheran church, 1 store, and about 12 or 15 dwellings. Hector, p-t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 14 w. Itlv aca, 184 w. s. w. Albany, 311 W. The surface is elevated and undulating ; soil, fertile, and adapted to grass. Seneca lake bounds it on the w., and receives some of its streams, while oth- ers flow E. into Cayuga lake. It contains 2 stores, cap. $17,000 ; 2 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 1 grist in., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,475. 39 scIl 1,932 scholars. Pop. 5,652. Hector, p-t.. Potter co.. Pa. It has 1 grist m. Pop. 119. Hedgesville, p-o., Berkeley co., Va., 176 n by w. Richmond, 84 W. Heildersburg, p-v., Tyrone t., Adams co. Pa., 25 s. E. Harrisburg, 85 W. Heidelberg, t., Berks co.. Pa. The surface is level or hilly ; soil, calcareous loam and gravel, and very fertile, adapted to grain and to grass. Watered by Tulpehocken, Spring, and Cacoosing creeks. It has a Moravian churcli, and one com- mon to Lutherans and Presbyterians. It con- tains 5 stores, cap. $17,000 ; 1 furnace, 2 fullhig m., 2 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pa- per fac, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,625. Pop. 3,539. Heidelberg, t., Lebanon co.. Pa. The sur- face is level ; soil, calcareous. Drained on the N. E. by Mill cr., a tributary of Tulpehocken cr., on the s. w. by Hammer cr., a branch of Cones- toga r., both of which afford water power. The v. is 8 ms. s. E. of Lebanon. It has 6 stores, cap. $32,500 ; 1 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 5 gri.st m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,141. 4 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 2,827. Heidelberg, t., Lehigh co.. Pa. The surface is uneven, the Blue Ridge crossing the n. part. The soil is a white gravel. The Lehigh Water Gap, where the r. passes the mountain, is in its N. E. point. Drained by Lehigh r., which runs on its E. boundary, and by Trout and .lordan's creeks. It contains 1 Lutheran church, 4 stores, cap. $9,500 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 29 distilleries, 1 gun and rifle fac, 9 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufactures. .$4,300. 5 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 2,354. Heidelberg, t., York co.. Pa., 15 s. w. York. The surface is level ; soil, a fertile calcareous HEM 273 HEN loam. Watered by Codorus and Hammer creeks. It contams 2 stores, cap. $3,600 ; 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 16 distilleries, 9 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $46,720. 6 sch. 157 scholars. Pop. 1,52S. Helderbergs, hills or mountains, N. Y., ex- tend through the w. part of Albany co. into Scholiarie co., and unite with the Catskill range. They are 400 or 500 feet high, precipitous, and consist of limestone, on a basis of graywacke. The rocks contain fossil remauis and curious caverns. Helen.\, p-v., Brasher t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 236 N. by w. Albany, 535 W. Situated on St. Regis r., and contains 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 20 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. Helena, p-v.. Mason co., Ky., 87 n. e. Frank- fort, 475 W. Helena, p-v., capital. Philips co., Ark., 122 e. Little Rock, 1,011 W. Situated on the w. bank of Mississippi r. It contains a court house, jail, a U. S. land office, 10 stores, cap. $77,000 ; 1 tan- nery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, and about 51X) inhabitants. Helena, p-v., Iowa co., Wis., 59 n. w. Madi- son, 906 W. Hellam, p-t, York co., Pa., 29 s. Harrisburg, 95 W. The surface is level ; soil underlaid with limestone, and fertile. Codorus cr. forms its n. w. boundary. Grist cr. flows through it into the Susquehanna r., which runs on its n. e. bound- ary. A bridge here crosses the Susquehanna, 5,690 feet in length. It has 8 stores, cap. $36,850 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $15,500 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,160. 9 sch. 225 scholars. Pop. 1,421. Hellen, p-v., Clearfield co., Pa., 176 n. w. Harrisburg, 268 W. Hkllerstow.n, p-v., Northampton co., Pa., 97 E. N. E. Harrisburg, 18S W. It contains 2 stores, 1 grist m., and 15 or 20 dwellings. Hell Gate, or Helle Gatt, N. Y., a danger- ous pass in the strait called East river, between Great Barn Island and Long Island, 7 ms. n. e. ofiNewYork. It is formed by projecting rocks, which confine the water to a narrow and crooked channel, occasioning strong eddy currents, dan- gerous to vessels at certain times of the tide. The largest vessels pass it readily at high water. Steamboats pass it at all times, and also small vessels, with a fair wind. Helvitia, p-o., Madison co.. 111., 104 s. Spring- field, 788 W. Helt, t., Vermilion co., la. It has 1 distillery. Cap. in manufac. $500. 1 sch. 26 scholars. Pop. 2,1 -.'5. Hemlock, t., Columbia co.. Pa. The surface IS diversified ; soil, loam and clay. Drained by Mahoning, Great and Little Fishing, and Hem- lock creeks. The state canal follows the Sus- quehanna r. along its s. boundary. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 flouring m., 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $2,970. 4 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 957. Hemlock Lake, p-o., Livonia t., Livingston CO., N. Y. Hemlock, lake, N. Y., lies on the e. border of Livingston co., extending into Ontario co., 6 ms. long, and 1 wide. Its waters flow into the outlet of Honeoye lake. Hemlock Mills, p-o., Alleghany co.. Pa. Hemffield, p-v., East Hempfield t., Lancas- ter CO., Pa., 40 s. E. Harrisburg, 114 W. Hempfield, t.,Westmoreland co., Pa. The sur- face is hilly ; soil, loam and gravel. Drained by j Bush and Big and Little Sewickly crs. It has 2 35 stores, cap. $2,800 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 7 dis- tilleries, 3 flouring m., 2 grist m., 1 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $4,200. 1 acad. 40 students, 12 sen. 312 scholars. Pop. 4,772. Hemphill's Store, p-o., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 170 w. by s. Raleigh, 409 W. Hempstead, county. Ark. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 1,150 sq. miles. Red r. runs on its s. w. border, and Little Mis- souri on its N. E. border. The soil is generally thin and sterile. Capital, Washington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,736, sheep 2,020, swine 21,529; wheat 1,777 bush, produced, Ind. corn 321,285, oats 15,209, potatoes 18,072, cotton 185,261 pounds ; 14 stores, cap. $147,700 ; 2 tan- neries, 1 distillery, 8 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 print- ing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manu- fac. $9,600. 4 acad. 148 students, 4 sch. 118 scholars. Pop. whites 2,923, .slaves 1,936, free col'd 62 ; total, 4,921. Hempstead, p-t.. Queens co., N. Y., 170 s. by E. Albany, 21 JNew York, 250 W. The surface is level ; soil, sand and sandy loam, productive when well cultivated. Between Hempstead and North Hempstead are Hempstead Plains, an im- mense heath of 15,000 acres, lying in a state of nature, and constituting a common pasturage for the t., on which several thousand cattle and sheep are fed annually. It might be made fer- tile bj"^ cultivation. The v. is pleasantly situated on the s. margin of these plains, and contains 3 chiirche.s — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — a seminary for males and females, an in.surance company, 16 stores of various kinds, 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 2li0 dwellings, and about 1,400 inhabitants. Several islands belong to the t., and Rockaway beach, on the Atlantic, a place of great resort, where is a splendid hotel for visiters. There are in the t. 20 stores, cap. $88,250 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 17 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $62,750. 1 acad. 119 students, 24 sch. 1,279 scholars. Pop. 7,609. Hempstead Bay, Hempstead t., Queens co., N. ¥., is included between Long Beach and Long Island, and is 6 ms. long, and from 1 to 2 broad, abounding with shell and scale fish, and water fowl. Hempstead Harbor, p-v., North Hempstead t.. Queens co., N. Y., 170 s. by e. Albany, 250 W. Situated at the head of Hempstead harbor, on the n. shore of Long Island. It contains 1 Meth- odist church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw rn., 1 pa- per m., 1 carding and fulling m., 1 glass cutting fac, 45 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Sloops continually ply between this place and New York. Henderson, county, N. C. Situated in the w. part of the state. The surface is mountain- ous ; soil well adapted for farming, and particu- larly for grazing. Drained by French Broad r. and branches. Capital, Ilendersonville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,278, sheep 3,037, swine 5,438 ; wheat 1,2G8 bushels produced, rye 5,293, Ind. corn 59,340, oats 9,677, potatoes 4,7i2, tobacco 1,229 pounds ; 3 stores, cap. $11,000; 2 forges, 2 tanneries, 14 distilleries, 5 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac §1,800. 1 sch. 21 scholars. Pop. whites 4,628, slaves 466, free col'd 35; total, 5,129. Henderson, county, Tenn. Situated in the w. part of tlie state, and contains 780 square ms. The surface is tolerably level ; soil, well adapted to grain and to grass, and the growth of the vine. Drained by the head waters of Beech r.. Big Sandy r., and of the s. fork of Forked Deer r. Capital, Lexington. There were in 1840, neat HEN 274 HEN cattle 12,400, sheep 10,533, swine 61,399; wheat 61,502 bush, produced, Indian corn 495,870, oats 67,917, potatoes 5,602, tobacco 12,00!) pounds, cotton 564,576; 14 stores, cap. $41,000; 6 tan- neries, 15 distilleries, 4 potteries, 1 flouring m., 15 grist m., 5 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $23,300. 11 sch. 265 scholars. Pop. whites 9,911, slaves 1,954, free col'd 10; total, 11,875. Henderson, county, Ky. Situated in the n. w. part of tlie stale, and contains 725 square ms. Ohio r. runs on its N. boundary. Green r. passes througli its N. E. part, (]anoe r. tlirough its cen- tral part, and Highland creek washes its s. w. border. Capital, Henderson. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,206, sheep 6,56S, swine 31,3S3 ; wheat 37,006 bush, produced, rye 2,146, Indian corn 503,670, oats 46,776, potatoes 11,603, tobacco 2,977,810 pounds; 5 commission houses, capital $199,000; 2S stores, cap. $120,900; 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 28 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $29,235. 3 acad. 106 students, 17 sch. 401 scholars. Pop. whites 6,181, slaves 3,319, free col'd 48 ; total, 9,548. Henderson, p-t., JefTerson co., N. Y., 181 n. w. Albany, 412 W. The surface is level; soil, a fertile sandy loam. Drained by Stony and Little Stony creeks, thai flow into Lake Ontario, which lies on its \v. and n. border. Several considerable islands in the lake belong to it. The v., called Henderson Harbor, situated at the head of Hungry bay, of Lake Ontario, is a port of entry, has a good harbor, and contains at the landhig 1 store, and about 15 dwellings. The V. is three quarters of a mile from the landing, on Stony cr., and contains 1 Baptist and 1 Univer- salist church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 25 dwelling.s, and about 150 inhabitants. There are in the t. 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist ni., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,600. 15 sch. 531 scholars. Pop. 2,480. Henderson, p-o., Mercer co., Pa., 222 n. w. Harrisburg, 279 W. Henderson, t., Huntingdon co.. Pa., is bound- ed s. w. and w. by Juniata r. It contains 4 stores, cap. $31,000; 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,850. 2 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 1,555. Henderson, p-v., Houston co., Ga., 68 s. w. MiUedgeviUe, 725 W. Henderson, p-v., capital of Henderson co., Ky., 197 Frankfort, 724 W. Pleasantly situated on the s. bank of Ohio r., 44 miles above the mouth of tlie Wabash. It contains a court house, and several stores and dwellings. . Henderson, p-v., Granville co., N. C, 44 n. Raleigh, 244 W. Henderson, p-v., Knox co.. 111., 110 n. n. w. Springfield, 829 W. Situated on Henderson r. Around it is a fine body of timber, surrounded by dry and fertile prairies. Pop. 271. Henderson's Mills, p-o., Greene co., Tenn., 264 E. Nashville, 431 W. Hendersonville, Nottaway co., Va. (See Nottaway C. H.) Hendersonville, p-v., capiuil of Henderson CO., N. C. Situated on French Broad river, and contains a court house, and several stores and dwellings. Hendersonville, p-v., Sumner co,, Tenn., 16 N. E. Nashville, 677 W. Situated 1 mile n. of Cumberland r. It has 10 inhabitants. Hendersonville, p-v., Henry co., Ky,, 33 n. w. Frankfort, 575 W. Hendricks, county, la. Situated a little vv. of Uie centre of the state, and contains 330 sq. ms. The surface is rolling; soil, productive. Drained by Wliite Lick cr., Eel r., and Mud cr., which afford water power. Capital, Danville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,272, sheep 15,030, swine 32,123; wheat 61,.370 bushels pro- duced, Indian corn 540,000, oats 113,654, potatoes 23,448, tobacco 20,700 pounds, sugar 124,765 ; 1 1 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 18 grist m., 22 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $02,100. 55 sch. 1,450 scholars. Pop. 1840, 11,264. Hendricks, t., Shelby co., la. It has 1 tan- nery, 2 distilleries, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $850. 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 879. Hendrick's Store, p-o., Bedford co., Va., 15 B w. Richmond, 233 W. Hendrysburg, p-v., Kirkwood t., Belmont co., O., 99 e. Columbus, 294 W. Situated on the national road, 15 w. St. Clairsville. Hennepin, p-v., capital of Putnam co.. 111., US n. Springfield, 803 W. Situated in the great bend, on the e. bank of Illinois r., on the border of De Pru prairie. It has an elevated situation, the ground gently ascending from the r. It con- tains a court house, jail, 2 churches — 1 Presbyte- rian and 1 Methodist — 14 stores, and about 500 inhabitants. Steamboats ascend to this place at a moderate stage of water. Henlopen, cape, Del., is the s. w. point at the entrance of Delaware bay, 18 ms. s. w. from Cape May, the opposite point, in 36° 47' N. lat. and 75° 6' w. long. Here is a light house. Henniker, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 15 w. by s. Concord, 467 W. Incorporated in 1763. Watered by Contoocook r., which affords good water power. The surface is hilly ; soil, fertile Long pond in the n. part of the t. discharges its waters into Contoocook r., where is a v. contain- ing 2 churches. It has 4 stores, cap. $11,000 ; 2 fulling m,, 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,400. 1 acad. 50 students, 12 sch. 663 scholars. Pop. 1,715. Henrico, county, Va. Situated centrally in the E. part of the state, and contains 291 sq. ms. The surface is undulating, and the soil diversi- fied. Chickahominy r. runs on its n. e. bound- ary. Capital, Richmond. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,098, sheep 2,454, swine 11,975; wheat 39,095 bush, produced, rye 3,079, Ind. corn 247,671, oats 137,543, potatoes 12,189, to- bacco 33,300 pounds, cotton 1,234, bituminous coal 1,012,200 bush. ; 17 commercial and 29 com- mission houses, cap. $3,632,000 ; 269 stores, cap. $1,658,150 ; 3 lumber yards, cap, $24,000; 4 fur- naces, 8 forges, 1 cotton fac. 5,810 sp., 6 distille- ries, 4 potteries, 21 flouring m., 19 grist m., 15 saw m., 1 paper fac, 8 printing offices, 2 daily, 6 weekly, 2 semi-weekly newspapers, 1 periodi- cal. Cap. in manufac. $1,3S4,750. 1 college, 63 students, 17 acad. 934 students, 37 sch. 928 scholars. Pop. whites 16,900, slaves 13,237, free col'd 2,939 ; total, 33,076. Henrietta, p-t., Monroe co., N. Y., 223 w. by N. Albany, 368 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, very fertile. Watered by Genesee r. The v. contains 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Bap- tist — a high school, 1 store, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. There are in t. 2 stores, cap. $30,000. Cap. in manufac. $4,500. 1 acad. 116 students, 17 sch. 677 scholars. Pop. 2,085. Henrietta, p-t., Lorain co., O., 118 n. n. e. Columbus, 3-i5 W. Situated on the great mail road, 11 w. Elyria, 35 w. Cleaveland. It has 3 sch. 134 scholars. Pop. 743. Henrietta, p-t., .Jackson co., Mich. It has 2 sch. 53 scholars. Pop. 277. I Henry, cape, Va. Situated on s. side of the entrance into Chesapeake bay, 12 ms. s. Cape Charies. in 36° 53' n. lat. and 76° 21' w. Ion. Henry, county, Va. Situated in the s. to- HEN 275 HER ward the w. part of the state, and contains 'SbS sq. ms. Watered by Smith's and Mary's rivers, branches of Dan r. Capital, Martinsville. There were in 1S40, neat cattle 6,1'24, sheep 4,633, swine 15,712 ; wheat 39,696 bush, produced, Ind. corn 206,155, oats 73,916, potatoes ll,8iJ4, tobac- co 1,623,509 pounds, cotton 2,654 ; 7 stores, cap. $33,200 ; 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 26 grist m., 18 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,729. 2 acad. 54 students, 15 sch. 412 scholars. Pop. whites 4,243, slaves 2,852, free col'd 240; total, 7,335. Henry, county, Ga. Situated a little n. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 591 sq. ms. Ocmulgee r. runs on its n. e. boundary, by branches of which, and of Flint r., it is watered. Capital, McDonough. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,671, sheep 2,764, swine 19,557 ; wheat 55,993 bush, produced, Ind. corn 301,350, oats 44,393, potatoes 4,883, cotton 567,300 pounds ; 21 stores, cap. $60,300; 1 cotton fac. 384 sp., 2 tan- neries, 16 distilleries, 11 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$11,750. 1 acad. 39 students, 31 sch. 634 scholars. Pop. whites 8,424, slaves 3,316, free col'd 16 ; total, 11,756. Hexrv, county, Ala. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 975 sq. ms. Chat- tahoochee r. runs on its e. border. Drained by branches of Choctawhatchee r. The soil is ster- ile, and covered with pine. Capital, Abbeville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,419, sheep 1,201, swine 15,143 ; wheat 1,715 bush, producecl. Ind. corn 99,739, oats 2,974, potatoes 5,534, cot- ton 634,311 pounds ; 1 cotton fac. 72 sp., 1 tan- nery, 1 distillery, 24 grist m., 72 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,100. 1 acad. 122 students, 11 sch. 329 scholars. Pop. whites 4,701, slaves 1,034, free col'd 2 ; total, 5,787. He.vry, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Ten- nessee r. runs on its e. border. Drained by Big and Little Sandy rivers, which flow e. into the Tennessee r., and by the North and Middle forks of Obion r., which flows w. into the i^Iississippi. Capital, Paris. There were in 1340, neat cattle 15,551, sheep 12,146, swine 49,302; wheat | 107,992 bush, produced, rye 3,240, Ind. corn 116,440, oats 119,114, potatoes 21,509, tobacco 9,479,065 pounds, cotton 172,527 ; 5 stores, cap. $3,700; 5 tanneries, 13 distilleries, 2 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $123,040. 3 acad. 77 students, 22 sch. 531 scholars. Pop. whites 11,214, slaves 3,677, free col'd 15 : total, 14,906. Henry, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 260 sq. ms. Kentucky r. runs on its e. boundary, by branches of which, and by Little Kentucky r., its surface is drained. Cap- ital, New Castle. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,761, sheep 15,999, swine 35,109; wheat 96,339 bush, produced, rye, 15,250, Ind. corn 590,962, oats 81,041, potatoes 11,783, tobacco 1,596,305 pounds, sugar 14,642; 18 stores, cap. $116,694; 6 tanneries, 12 grist ni., 10 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $23,951. 1 acad., 18 sch. 725 scholars. Pop. whites 7,637, slaves 2,349, free col'd 29 ; total, 10,015. Henry, county, O. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Mau- mee r. runs through the co., by which and its tributaries, it is drained. The Wabash and Erie canal passes along the n. side of this r., through the CO. The surface is level, and the soil fertile. Capital, Napoleon. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,897-, sheep 478, swine 2,941 ; wheat 4,333 bush, produced, Ind. com 36,060, oats 12,514, potatoes 25,889, sugar 19,458 pounds ,- 9 Btores, cap. $12,600 ; 3 grist m., 5 saw ni. Cap. in manufac. $14,800. 13 sch. 326 scholars. Pop. 2,503. He.vry, county, la. Situated toward the E. part of the state, and contains 380 sq. ms. The surface is generally level, in some parts a little broken, mostly woodland, with some prairies. Watered by Flat Rock and Blue rivers, and Fall cr. The country is well supplied with pure wa- ter, and some mill sites. Capital, New Castle. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,272, sheep 15,03:1, swine 32,123; wheat 61,370 bush, pro- duced, Ind. corn 540,001), oats 113,654, potatoes 23,448, tobacco 20,700 pounds, sugar 124,765 ; 17 stores, cap. $30,250 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 9 grist m., 14 saw m., 3 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $62,600. 25 sch. 661 scholars. Pop. 15,123. Henry, county. 111. Situated toward the n. w. part of the state, and contains 840 sq. ms. Watered by Edwards, Rock, and Green rivers. The soil is in some parts fertile, in the n. wet and swampy. Capital, Morristoii. There were in 1810, neat cattle 1,729, sheep 3G3, swine 5,537 ; wheat 15,432 bush, produced, Ind. corn 52,410, oats 1 1,.335, potatoes 10,802 ; 3 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 4 oil m. Cap. in manu- fac. $14,900. 2 sch. 71 scholars. Pop. 1,260. Henry, county, Iowa. Situated centrally, to- ward the s. part of the ter., and contains 432 sq. ms. The soil is very fertile. Watered by Che- cauque or Skimk r. and its tributaries, and Big, Brush, and Little Cedar creeks. The surface is elevated and rolling ; the soil, a rich black mold. Capital, Mount Pleasant. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,634, sheep 2,538, swine 12,714; wheat 11,375 bush, produced, Ind. corn 283,200, oats 22,500, potatoes 16,224, sugar 5,450 pounds ; 13 stores, cap. $34,700; 5 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,745. 7 sch. 222 scholars. Pop. 3,772. Henry, county. Mo. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 759 sq. ms. Drained by Grand r. of Osage r. Capital, Clinton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,9.36, sheep 3,876, swine 17,835 ; wheat 5,233 bush, produced, Ind. corn 229,691, oats 21,933, potatoes 5,944, toljacco 10,151 pounds; 15 stores, cap. $46,045; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,100. 15 sch. 299 scholars. Pop. whites 4,036, slaves 636, free col'd 4 ; total, 4,726. Hepburn, p-t., Lycoming co.. Pa., 9 n. Wil- liamsport. The surface is hilly and mountain- ous ; soil, slate and gravel. Plunket's, Loyal- sock, and Lycoming creeks run on its boundaries. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 2 woollen fac, 1 tan- nery, 2 grist m., 11 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $24,050. 8 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1,570. Henry Clay, t., Fayette co., Pa. The sur- face is mountainous ; soil, gravelly. Drained by Youghiogeny r. and its branches. It has 2 tan- neries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 7 saw m., 5 sch. 113 scholars. Pop. 891. Henry's Cross Roads, p-o., Sevier co., Tenn., 210 E. by s. Nashville, 5J8 W. Herbert, p-o., Neshoba co., Miss., 86 Jackson, 931 W. Herculaneuji, p-v., Jefferson co.. Mo., 160 Jefferson city, 840 W. Situated on the w. side of Mississippi r., 30 ms. below St. Louis. It has a good landing, and it is the great mart of the lead region, in the surrounding country. There are several shot factories in the vicinity. It con- tains about 200 inhabitants. Hereford, p-t., Berks co.. Pa., 80 e. Harris- burg, 173 W. Watered by the main and w. branches of Perkiomen cr. Shoub's mountain ia HER 276 HIC on the N. E. boundary. It contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Lutheran, 1 Schwenkfelders, and 1 Roman Catholic. It has 6 stores, cap. $18,750 ; 3 forges, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 5 grist m^ 6 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. Pop. 1,235. Hereford, p-v., Baltimore co., Md., 52 An- napolis, 62 W. Hereford's, p-o.. Mason co., Va., 3S6 w. n. w. Richmond, 376 W. Herkimer, county, N. Y. Situated centrally toward the N. e. part of the state, and contains 1,370 sq. ms. Organized in 1791, but since en- larged. The Adirondack mountains pass through its s. w. part, being broken through by the Mo- hawk, at Little Falls. The surface is diversified, being generally broken, hilly or mountainous, e.\- cepting s. of the Moliawk, where it is level and very fertile. Iron ore is extensively found, and some gypsum and lead. Beautiful rock crystals are abundant in the neighborhood of Little Falls. In the N. part are numerous lakes and ponds. The Erie canal, and the Lftica and Schenectady railroad, pass through the co. Capital, Herkimer. There were in 1840, neat cattle 55,437, sheep 80,182, swine 33,957; wheat 84,723 bush, pro- duced, rye 15,935, Ind. corn 160,923, buckwheat 29,035, barley 126,900, oats 530,73-!, potatoes 850,865, sugar 311,133 pounds; 142 stores, cap. $427,790; 25 lumber yards, cap. $12,500; 7 fur- naces, 7 forges, 24 fulling m., 9 woollen fac, 5 cotton fac. 5,064 sp., 33 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 1 brewery, 3 flourmg m., 35 grist m., 133 saw m., 1 oil m., 4 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 1 periodical, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $921,633. 1 college, 105 students, 2 acad. 280 students, 191 sch. 8,522 scholars. Pop. 37,477. Herkimer, p-t., capital of Herkimer co., N. Y., 78 vv. N. w. Albany, 3J7 W. The surface is level, with hills on the n. The soil, on the allu- vial flats of the Mohawk, which flows on its s. border, is very productive. Watered by West Canada cr. The v. is pleasantly situated on the N. side of the Mohawk r. It contains a brick court house, a stone jail, and Are proof clerk's of- fice, 1 academy, 1 bank, 1 German Reformed and 1 Methodist church, 10 stores, 1 large flour- ing m., 1 printing office, 120 dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. There are in the t. 10 stores, cap. $33,000 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac $41,950. 1 acad. 65 students, 12 sch. 442 scholars. Pop. 2,369. Her.ma.n', p-v., capital of Gasconade co.. Mo., 77 E. Jefferson city, 899 W. Situated on the s. bank of the Missouri r. It is a new place, oommenced within the year 1841, and bids fair to become a commercial point of importance. Hermitage, p-o., Wethersfield t., Wyoming CO., N. Y., 255 vv. Albany, 360 W. Hermitage, p-o., Mercer co., Pa., 243 Har risburg, 286 W. Hermitage, p-o., Augusta co., Va. Hermitage, p-o.. Coles co„ III., 77 Springfield, 702 W. Hermitage, p-o., Floyd co., Ga., 167 Milledge- ville, 678 W. Hermon, p-t., Penobscot co., Me., 7 w. Ban- gor, 60 N. E. Augusta, 655 W. Tiie soil is fer- tile, producing good wheat. Watered on the s. w. by Sawodabscook r., and on the n. w. by a branch of Kenduskeag r. Incorporated in 1814. It has 1 pottery, 507 scholars in schools. Poo. 1,042. ^ Hermon, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 201 n. N. w. Albany, 470 W. The surface ia rolling i soil, clay loam, adapted to grass Watered by small branches of Grass and Oswegatchie rivers. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tan- nery, 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac, $7,465. 9 schools, 413 scholars. Population. 1,271. Her.\ando, p-v., capital of De Soto co.. Miss., 202 Jackson, 925 W. Situated 13 ms. e. of the Mississippi r., in a fertile region. It contains a court house, several stores, and 400 inhabitants. Herrick, p-t., Bradford co., Pa. It has 1 store, 1 tannery, 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,950. 6 sch. 172 scholars. Pop. 631. Herrick, t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 20 s. e. Montrose. Elk mountain, a low part of the Alleghany, is in its s. w. part. The surface is hilly; soil, gravel and clay. Watered by head branches of Lackavvannock r. It has 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,630. 6 sch. 130 scholars. Pop. 629. Herriottsville, p-o., Alleghany co., Pa., 211 Harrisburg, 236 W. Hertford, county, N. C. Situated toward the N, e. part of the stale, and contains 356 sq. ms. Watered by branches of Chowan r. Capi- tal, Winton. It has 3 acad. 63 students, 6 sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 7,484. Hertford, p v., capital, Perquiman's co., N. C, 50 s. by w. Norfolk, Va., 194 n. e. by e. Ra- leigh, 2H6 W. It is pleasantly situated on the s. side of Perquimans r., near its entrance into Perquimans bay, a branch of Albemarle sound. It contains a court house, and several dwelluigs. Hetricks, p-o., York co.. Pa., 42 s. w. Har- risburg, 73 W. Heuvelton, p-v., Oswegatchie t., St. Law- rence CO., N. Y., 203 N. w. Albany, 472 W. Situ- ated on the Oswegatchie r., 7 ms. from Ogdens- burg, and contains 1 church, 4 stores, 1 clothier's works, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 1 tannery. Hiber.via, p-o., Clarke co., Ia., 102 s. Indian- apolis, 533 W. Hibernia, p-v., Callaway co.. Mo., 1 n. Jef- ferson city, 937 W. Situated on the n. side of the Missouri r., opposite Jefferson city. HicKMA.N, county, Tenn. Situated centrally, toward the w. part of the state, and contains 750 sq. ms. Watered by Duck r., which flows through the centre, and its various branches. Capital, Centreville. There v^ere in 1840, neat cattle 8, !50, sheep 8,015, swine 36,350: wheat 32,036 bush, produced, rye 3,179, Ind. corn 471,100, oats 59,530, potatoes 12,742, tobacco 117,004 pounds, cotton 90,225; 8 stores, cap. $15,000 ; 1 furnace, 2 forges, 2 cotton fac. 143 sp., 5 tanneries, 13 distilleries, 1 pottery, 22 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,795. 13 sch. 325 scholars. Pop. whites 7,220, slaves 1,379, free col'd 19 ; total, 8,618. Hickman, county, Ky. Situated in the s. w. part of tlie state, and contains 350 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Little Obion r. and its branches, and Bayou Desha cr. Capital, Clinton. Tiiere were in 1840, neat cattle 11,349, sheep 12,861, swine 37,767 ; wheat 76,85 S bush, produced, rye 4,028, Ind. corn 593,703, oats ]61,0y2, potatoes 15,867, tobacco 1,410,438 pounds, cotton 57,624, sugar 11,929; 3 com. house.s, cap. $13,800; 18 stores, cap. $105,600; 1 fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 19 cot- ton fac. 431 sp., 25 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 2 pot- teries, 9 flouring m., 41 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac $116,970. 11 sch. 248 scholars. Pop. whites 7,345, slaves 1,615, free col'd 8; total, 8,963. Hickory, t., Mercer co.. Pa. It has 6 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distille- HIC 277 HIG ry, 8 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,000. 12 sch. 476 scholars. Pop. 1,831. Hickory, p-v., Washington co., Pa., 219 w. Harrisburg, 246 W. Hickory, p-v., Carroll cc, O., 121 e. n. e. Columbus, 292 W. Hickory CoR-f^ERS, p-o., Lockport t., Niagara CO., N. Y., 230 w. Albany, 403 W. Hickory Creek, p-o., Warren co., Tenn., 85 S. E. Nashville, 637 W. Hickory Creek, p-o., Audrain co., Mo., 67 n. K. Jefferson city, 902 W. Hickory Flat, p-o., Cherokee co., Ga., 117 N. w. Milledgeville, 662 W. Hickory Flat, p-o., Simpson co., Ky., 165 s. w. Frankfort, 688 W. Hickory Flat, p-o., Tippah co., Miss., 191 n. N. E. Jackson, 880 W. Hickory Fork, p-o., Gloucester co., Va., 78 E. Richmond, 177 W. Hickory Ground, p-o., Norfolk co., Va., 124 s. E. Richmond, 249 W. Hickory Grove, p-o., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 153 w. s. w. Raleigh, 390 W. Hickory Grove, p-o., York dist., S. C, 91 n. Columbia, 44 W. Hickory Grove, Crawford co., Ga., 65 s. w. Milledgeville, 722 W. Hickory Grove, p-o., Montgomery co., Ala., 131 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 862 W. Hickory Grove, p-o., Bond co., 111., 83 s. Springfield, 767 W. Hickory Grove, p-o., Warren co.. Mo., 81 e. N. E. Jefferson city, 857 W. Pop. 823. Hickory Grove, p-o., Oktibbeha co.. Miss., 149 N. E. Jackson, 906 W. Hickory Grove, p-o., McKinn co., Tenn. Hickory Grove, p-o., Jackson co., Mich., 96 w. Detroit, 566 W. Hickory Grove, p-o., Scott co., Iowa. Hickory Grove, t., Washington co., Mo. Hickory Hill, p-o., Beaufort (list., S. C. Hickory Hill, p-o., Cole co., Mo., 20 w. Jef- ferson city, 956 W. Hickory Level, p-o., Talladega co., Ala., 133 E. Tuscaloosa, 761 W. Hickory Level, p-o., Carroll co., Ga., 130 w. N. w. Milledgeville, 710 W. Hickory Mountain, p-o., Chatham co., N. C, 56 w. Raleigh, 318 W. Hickory Tavern, p-o., Hartford co., Md., 58 N. Annapolis, 68 W. Hickory Town, p-o., Plymouth t., Montgom- ery CO., Pa., 101 e. Harrisburg, 154 W. It con- tains ] store, and 10 dwellings. Hickory Valley, p-o., Hamilton co., Tenn., 143 s. E. Nashville, 603 W. Hicksburg, p-v., Dorchester co., Md. HicKSFORD, p-v., capital of Greenville co., Va., 62 s. Richmond, 181 W. Situated on the s. w. side of Meherrin r., a branch of Chowan r. It contains a court house, jail, clerk's office, 3 stores, 12 or 14 dwellings, and 70 inhabitants. The Petersburg railroad passes near the v., and crosses the Meherrin r. on a bridge, 100 yards long, supported by 200 stone piers. Hicks' Mills, p-o., De Kalb co., 111., 221 n. N. E. Springfield, 794 W. HicKSviLLE, v.. Oyster Bay t.. Queens co., N. Y. It is on the line of the Long Island rail . road, and contains 1 store, and a few dwellings. HicKsviLLE, p-v., Williams co., O., 177 n. w. Columbus, 529 W. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,100. 1 sch. 12 scholars. Pop. 67. HicKSvii.LE, p-c, Oakland co., Mich., 29 n. w. Detroit, 550 W. Hico, p o., Carroll co., Tenn., 106 w. Nash- ville, 791 W. HiGGANUM, p-v.. Haddam t., Middlesex co.. Ct., 21 s. Hartford, 331 W. Situated on Connec- ticut r., where is a convenient landing, and several dwellings. Higginsport, p-v., Lewis t., Brown co., O., 124 s. s. w. Columbus, 4.83 W. Situated on the N. bank of Ohio r., immediately below the mouth of White Oak cr. HiGHsviLLE, p-v., Twiggs CO., Ga., 50 Milledge- ville, 698 W. High Falls, p-v., Marbletown t., LTlster co., N. Y.,69 s. Albany, 318 W. Situated on Ron- dout cr., which here affords by its falls a good water power. Along the creek passes the Dela- ware and Hudson canal. It contains 4 stores, 2 extensive flouring in., 1 hydraulic cement m., and about 40 dwellings. High Falls, p-o., Lumpkin co., Ga., 154 n. .\. w. Milledgeville, 634 W. Highgate, p-t., Franklin co., Vt., 71 n. w. 3Iontpelier, 545 W. Situated on the E. side of Lake Champlain. Watered by Missi-sque r., which affords good water povier and Rock r. The soil is sandy. Bog iron ore is found. It has 5 stores, cap. ,$8,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $51,000. 16 sch. 846 scholars. Pop. 2,292. High Grove, p-o., Nelson co., Ky., 53 s. w. Frankfort, 5.)5 W. High Hill, p-o., Montgomery co., Ala. Highland, county, O. Situated toward the s. E. part of the state, and contains 555 sq. miles. It occupies the height of land between Scioto nnd Miami rivers. Watered by branches of Paint cr.. Brush cr., and of the e. fork of 3Iiami r. The surface is elevated, and finely rolling, and the soil is fertile. Capital, Hilli^horo'. There were in 1840, neat cattle 19,605, sheep 40,613, swine 42,546; wheat 373,974 bushels produced, rye 5,008, Ind. corn 824,129, oats 25:2,525, potatoes 30,109, sugar 147,816 pounds; 83 stores, cap. $150,000; 7 fulling m., 28 tan- neries, 1 distillery, 3 potteries, 7 flouring m., 25 grist m., 24 saw m., 3 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. .$45,337. 2 acad. 150 students, 88 sch. 5, 102 scholars. Fop. 22,269. Highland, p-o., Bradford co., Pa., 139 n. Har- risburg, 249 W. Highland, p-o., Chesterfield t., Essex co., N. Y., 151 N. Albany. Highland, p-o., Jackson co., Tenn., 69 e. n. e. Nashville, 633 W. Situated on the w. side of Cumberland r. Highland, p-v., Fairfield t., Highland co., O., 50 s. w. Columbus. Situated on Lee's cr. It contains 2 churches, 2 stores, 2 tanneries, and 50 dwellings. Highland, t., Muskingum co., O. It contains 2 churches, 2 saw m., and 2 flouring m. Highland, p-o., Pike co.. 111., 74 w- Spring- field, 854 W. Highland, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 45 n. w. De- troit, 569 W. It has 3 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 566. Highland, po., Vermilion co., la., 72 w. In- dianapolis, 644 W. The t. has 1 distillery. Cap. in manufac. $6,075. 4 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 1,653. Highland Mills, p-v., Monroe t.. Orange co., N. Y., 97 s. s. w. Albany, 231 W. Here are 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery, and about 25 dwellings. Highlands, N. Y. Sometimes called Mat- teawan mountains, or Fishkill mountauis. Tliese mountains extend in a direction n. e. and s. w., HIL 278 HIL throush the counties of Rockland and Orange, crossing Hudson r. into Westchester, Putnam, and Dutchess, occupying a breadth of from 15 lo 20 miles. They are "a branch of the Alleghany mountains, and their rocks consist of granite and gneiss. Their altitude is from 1,0W to 1.6S5 feet above tide water ; and the passage through them, on the Hudson, presents grand and picturesque scenerj'. High Rock, p-o., Rockingham co,, N. C, 103 N. \v. Raleigh, 2S2 W. High Sho.^ls, p-o., Rutherford cc, N. C, 214 w. s. w. Raleigh, 451 W. High Shoals, p-o., Walton co., Ga., 70 n, w. MUledge\ille, 624 W. Situated near a rapid of the same name, in the Appalachee r. High Spire, p-o., Dauphin co., Pa., 6 Harris- biirar, 116W. High Tower, p-o., Forsyth co., Ga., 119 x. w. Mill edge ville, 650 W. Hightowers, p-o., Caswell co,, N, G., 72 x. w. Raleigh, 26S W. Hightstowx, p-v., East Windsor t., 3Iercer CO., N. J., 19 E. Trenton, 185 W. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church. 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 sawm., and 50 or 60 dwellings. ITie Camden and Amboy railroad passes through it. High V^icco, p-o., Frederick co., Va., 162 x. by w. Richmond, 90 W. Hilabke, p-o., Talladega co., Ala., 140 e. Tus- caloosa, 781 W. Hillham, p-o., Overton co., Tenn., 88 e. Nash- ville, 616 W. Hildreth's, p-o., Knos co., C, 50 n, e, Co- lumbus, 382 W. Hill Gore, t., Washington co.. Me, Pop, 30. Hill, p-t., Grafton coT, N. H,, 24 x. x. w. Concord. Pemigewasset r. runs on its e. border. Watered by Smith's r. Ragged mountain lies on its s. border. The surface is uneven, and the soil generally fertile. Chartered in 1788. The V. is on an extended street, in the s. E. part of the t., and from it a bridge crosses the Pemige- wasset to Sandbomton, It has 3 stores, cap. $400 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,700. 10 sch. 300 schol- ars. Pop. 999. HiLLEG.ts, p-o., Montgomery co.. Pa., 81 e. Harrisburg, 174 W. Hill Grove, p-o., Darke co,, 0., 100 w, Co- lumbus, 494 W. Hill House, p-o., Leroy t.. Lake co., O,, 185 X. e. Columbus, 344 W. HiLLiAX's Store, p-o., Marshall co., Ala. HiLLiAR, t., Knox CO., O. Situated in the s. vv. part of the county, and contains the village of Centreburg. It has 8 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 1,012. HiLLiARDSTOx. p-v,, Nash CO., N. C, 59 x, x. e. Raleigh, 239 W. Hillsborocgh, countj-, N. H. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 1.245 sq. ms. The surface is uneven, and, to a desree, mountainous ; the soil various. Watered by Merrimac, Contoocook, Nashua, Souhegan, and Piscataquoag rivers. Capital, Amherst. There were in 1840, neat cattle 38,381. sheep 53,864, swne 16.188; wheat 39,027 bushels produced, ^^?n.-,o~'¥^', ^"'^'''" '=<''" 179,390; buckwheat l^L^o?k ^"""^^y '^2'^^~' "'^t^ 160,295, potatoes 628,315, sugar 41,198 pounds ; 165 stores, cap $428,901 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $18,000 ; 2 ftir- naces, 22 fulling m., 12 woollen fac, 25 cotton weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. ^755,488. 7 acad. 761 students, 329 sch. 12,798 scholars Pot). 42,494. Hillsborough, county, Florida. Situated in the w. part of the peninsula. It is bounded w. by the Gulf of Mexico, and includes Tampa bay. Watered by Hillsboro*. Alalia, and Asternal rivers. The soil is various. It has some live oak hammock, interspersed with cane, and tall palmettoes. Some of the land is very fertile. Capital, Tampa. Pop. 452. Hillsborough, p-t., Hillsborough co ., N. H., 24 s. w. by w. Concord, 464 W, Incorporated in 1772. The surface is uneven, and the soil fer- tile. Watered by Contoocook r., which affords good water power, and Hillsborough r. The v. is pleasantly situated, containing a number of stores, dwellings, mills, and manufactories. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $16,000; 2 ful- ling m., 1 woollen fee 2 cotton fac. 2,132 sp., 5 tanneries, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $51,032. 17 schools, 553 scholars. Pop. 1,807. Hillsborough, t., Somerset co., N. J. The surface on the w. is hilly, on the e. level. Soil, on the w., clay loam, on the e., red shale. The s. branch of Raritan r. runs on its x. boundary, and Millstone r. on the e. Watered by Roy's brook, a branch of Millstone r. It has a Dutch Reformed church. It contains 9 stores, cap. $27,600; 1 tannerj-, 2 distilleries, 1 pottery, 1 flouring ra., 6 grist m., 5 saw m,, 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $22,100. 10 sch. 256 scholars. Pop. 2,863. Hillsborough, p-v., Bethlehem t., Washing- ton CO., Pa., 203 w. Harrisburg, 219 W. It is built on a suigle street, on the national road, and contains 4 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 180 inhabitants. It is elevated 1,002 feet above the Ohio r., at Wheeluig. Hillsborough, p-v., Caroline co., Md., 59 e. Annapolis, 99 W. Situated on Tuckahoe creek, 46 s. e. Baltimore. Hillsborough, p-v., Loudon co,, Va,, 166 n, Richmond, 47 W. It contains 1 Methodist church, an academy, 3 stores, 2 flouring m., 30 dwellings, and 175 inhabitants. Hillsborough, p-v., capital of Orange co., N. C, 40 .\. w. Raleigh, 274 W. It is situated on Eno r., a branch of Neuse r. It contains a court house and several dwelhngs. Hillsborough, p-v., Jasper co., Ga., 28 x. w. 3Illledgeville, 651 W. It contains an academy, 4 store.s and 10 or 15 dwellings. Hillsborough, p-v., Lawrence county, Ala., 127 X. Tuscaloosa, 751 W. Hillsborough, p-v., capital of Scott co.. Miss., : 43 e. Jackson, 968 W. Situated on a small I branch of Pearl river. It contains a court j house. Hillsborough, p-v.. Coffee co.. Term., 76 s. I E. Nashville, 646 W. Hillsborough, p-v-., Fleming co., Ky., 91 e. Frankfort. 498 W. It contains 1 Methodist church and 200 inhabitants. Hillsborough, p-t., capital of Highland co., O., 75 s. w. Columbus, 442 W. Situated near the source of Rocky fork of Paint creek. It con- tains an elegant court house, 2 churches, 2 acade- mies, 8 stores, and about 1,200 inhabitants. Hillsborough, p-v.. Fountain co., la., 61 w. X. w. Indianapolis, 632 W. Hillsborough, p-v.. capital of 3Iontgomery CO., m., 64 s. Springfield, 768 W. It contains a court house, jail, 6 stores, 2 tanneries, 80 dwell- ings, and 400 inhabitants. Hillsboro', p-v., capital of Jefferson co.. Mo., 132 E. Jefferson citj-, 852 W, Situated on the e. HIN 279 HIN side of Big r., and contains a court house and several dwellings. Hillsborough Bridge, p-v., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 21 s. w. by w. Concord, 461 W. . HiLLSBORorGH Centre, p-v., Hillsboro' co., : N. H., 24 s. w. by w. Concord, 464 W. Hill's Bridge, p-o., Halifax co., N. C, 89 x. E. Raleigh, 235 W. | Hill's Corners, p-o., Penobscot co., Me. Hillsdale, county, Mich. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Drain- ed by St. Joseph r. of Lake Michigan, St. Joseph of the Maumee r.. Little St. Joseph. Goose, and Titfin's creeks, Hog r., Sandy r., and Kalamazoo s. branch. Organized in 1S35. The surface is undulating. It is some of the most elevated land in the peninsula. Soil, a rich, black, sandy loam. Iron ore, and sandstone suitable for grindstones, are found. Capital. Jonesville. There were in 1340, neat cattle 6,926, sheep 1,S04, swine 10,630; 1 wheat S.).256 bush, produced, Ind. com 82,757, : buckwheat 1.533. barley 4.S37, oats 71,741, pota-' toes 75,233, sugar 52,935 pounds : 12 stores, cap. S61,4(>0; 3 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 printing ofKce, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. .s4S.700. 32 sch. 1,003 scholars. Pop. 7,240. HiLLSD.^LE. p-t., Columbia co., N. V., 45 s. Al- bany, 357 W. The surface is hiUy and moim- tainous, containing Taghkannic mountain ; soil, gravelly loam and clay. Drained by Ancram and Copake creeks. The v. contains 2 churches, 3 stores, I tannery, and 15 or 20 dwellings. There are in the t., 7 stores, cap. $12,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,450.' 13 sch. 466 scholars. Pop. 2,470. HiLLSD.^LE, p-o., Guilford CO., N. C, 95 w. s. w. Raleigh, 290 W. ' Hillsdale, p-v., Fayette t., Hillsdale co., 3Iich., 93 w. s. w. Detroit, 534 W. Situated on the outlet of St. Joseph or Baubese lake, near the entrance of French or. It has an extensive : water f)ower, and contains 1 saw m. and 1 flour- ! ing m. I Hill's Grove, p-o., Lycoming co., Pa., 100 x. \ K. Harrisburg. 211 W. Hill's Grove, p-o., McDonough co., 111., 98 N. w. Springfield, 871 W. Hill's Point, p-o., Platte co., 3Io. i Hill's Store, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 84! w. Raleigh. 390 W. I HiLLsviEW, p-o.. Westmoreland co., Pa., 154 w. Harrisburg, 189 W. j HiLLSviLLE, p-o., Grayson co., Va., 245 w. s. w. Richmond, 320 W. HiLLSViLLE, p-v., Mercer co., Pa., 245 w. x. w. Harrisburg, 253 W. Hill Top, p-o., Wayne county, Pa., 181 x. e. Harrisburg, 273 W. Hilltowx, p-t., Bucks co.. Pa., 100 e. Harris- burg, 169 W. Drained by branches of Nishaminy cr. It has 6 stores, cap. §14,300 ; 1 lumberyard, cap. 86,000 : 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist ra., 2 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $8,289. 3 sch. 92 scholars. Pop. 1,910. Hiltoxs. p-o., Sullivan co., Tenn., 295 E. Xash- ville, 401 W. Hixcklet, p-t., Medina co., O., 132 x. x. e. Columbus, 352 W. The surface is elevated and broken, and the soil is fertile, and adapted to graz- ing and to grain. Watered by a branch of Rocky r., which affords water power. Red sandstone, iron ore, and coal are found. It has 1 3Iethodist church, 1 store, 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §6,625. 6 sch. 253 scholars. Pop. 1,235. Hinds, county. Miss. Situated in the central part of the state, and contains 875 sq. ms. Drain- ed by small streams entering Pearl r. on the e., and others entering Big Black r. on the w. Sur- face, level ; soil, generally fertile. Capital, Ray- mond. Jackson, the capital of the state, is sitii- ated in this comity, on the w. side of Pearl river. There were in 1840. neat cattle 17,5J5, sheep 3.43-^. swine 40.290; Ind. com 650.51X) bush, pro- duced, oats 2,466, ()otatoes 72,725, rice 50.000 pounds, cotton 9.91 1,800 : 26 stores, cap. 81>t.000 ; 1 tarmery, 54 grist m., 8 saw m., 5 printing offices, 6 ^vcekly newspapers. Cap. in manufactures, S35.900. 1 college. 45 students, 3 acad. 90 stu- dents, 18 sch. 391 scholars. Pop. whites 6,773, slaves 12.275, free col'd 43; total, 19.093. Hindsburg, p-o.. Murray t.. Orleans co., N. Y.. 245 w. N. w. Albany. 394. W. Ht.NDsviLLE. p-o., Jefferson co., la., 82 s. In- dianapoUs, 533 W. Hiner's Rr.v, p-o., Lycoming co.. Pa., 130 n. Harrisburg, 222 W. HixESBURG. p-t., Chittenden co., Vt., 42 w. Montpelier. 506 W. Chartered in 1762. Water- ed by Platte r. and Lewis cr. The surface is un- even, and the soil fertile, well adapted to graz- ing. It has 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist church. The y. is pleasantly situated on Platte r., on one street, and contains a handsome church, 2 stores, and 1 woollen fac. There are in the t., 7 stores, cap. $25,500 : 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tan- neries, 1 distiller^-, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. S35.170. 1 acad. 102 students, 16 sch. 495 scholars. Pop. 1,632. Hi.NESviLLE, p-v., capital of Liberty co., Ga., 196 s. E. 31illedgeville, toO W. It is situated on the pine lands, 14 ms. x. e. Riceboro'. It con- tains 3 or 4 dwellings. HiNGHAM, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 15 s. E. Boston. 455 W. Incorporated in 1635. Situated on the s. side of Boston bay. The surface is broken, and the soil, in many parts, fertile. It contains several churches, 1 of which was erect- ed in 1630, and is still a substantial building, a bank, an insurance office, a savings bank, and 2 academies. It has about 30 vessels employed in the fisheries and the coasting trade. Several packets communicate regularly with Boston, and a steamboat daUy, in the summer season. It has 32 stores, cap. $46,6G0 ; 2 lumber yards, capital §6,000 : 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist ra., 1 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. .9105.800 ; 1 acad. 88 stu- dents, 12 sch. 859 scholars. Pop. 3,564. Hi.vkletow.n, p-v.. Lancaster co., Pa., 42 e. s. E. Harrisburg, 13J W. Situated on the .v. side of Conestoga creek, and contains 10 or 12 dwell- ings. HixsDALE, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 71 s. w. by w. Concord, 419 W. Connecticut r. bounds it on the w. Watered by Ashuelot r. and its branches, and small streams which enter Con- necticut r. A mountain range, 8 or 900 feel higli, crosses the t. from e. to w. 3Iuch of the soil is fertile and well cultivated. Iron ore is found. Incorporated in 1753. It has 2 stores, capital s5,500 : 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, .$28/200. 8 sch. 307 scholars. Pop. 1.141. Hinsdale, p-t., Berkshire co., Ma.ss., 121 w. Boston, 335 W. The surface is elevated, and the soil adapted to grazing. A large amount of wool is produced, and it has considerable manufactures. The V. contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. There are in the t., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 5 saw mills. Cap. in manufac. §89,200. 6 sch. 227 scholars. Pop. 955. HixsDALE, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 237 w. HOC 280 HOL s. w. Albany, 313 W. Situated on the Genesee Valley canal, and on the line of the New York and Erie railroad. The v. contains 2 churches, an academy, 6 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., and 1 tannery. The stale is here constructing a large basin, and the place is well situated for trade. There are in the t., 6 stores, cap. $25,500 ; 2 tan- neries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,550. 16 sch. 563 scholars. Pop. 1,937. Hinton's Grove, p-o., Greene cc, Ala. Hiram, p-t., Oxford co.. Me., 79 w. s. w. Au- gusta, 555 W. Situated on both sides of Saco r. Incorporated in 1807. The soil is fertile and adapted tci grain and to grazing. It has 3 stores, cap. $1,400; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 1 saw mill. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 15 sch. 535 scholars. Pop. l,-233. Hiram, p-t.. Portage co., O., 154 n. e. Colum- bus, 323 W. The soil is fertile and well culti- vated. It has 7 sch. 330 scholars. Pop. 1,080. HiRAMSBURG, p-0., Morgan co., O., 99 e. s. e. Columbus, 308 W. IIiTCHCocKviLLE, p-v., Barkhamstcad t., Litchfield co., Ct., 26 n. w. Hartford, 350 W. Sit- uated on the w. branch of Farmington r., which afTords good water power, near the n. w. corner of the t., and contains 1 Episcopal church, 2 stores, and about 25 dwellings. HiTEsviLLE, p-v., Coles CO., 111., 108 E. s. E. Springfield, 681 W. HiWAssEE, p-o., Macon co., N. C. HiwAssEE, r., Ga., rises in Union co., and flows into Tennessee, and enters the Tennessee r. 12 ms. s. w. of Washington. Hix's Ferrv, p-o., Randolph co.. Ark., 170 n. E. Little Rock, 967 W. Situated at the crossing of Current r. HoADLiN, t.. Van Wert co., O. Pop. 40. Hoag's Corners, p-o., Nassau t., Rensselaer CO., N. Y., 22 E. Albany, 378 W. HoBART, p-v., Stamford t., Delaware co., N. Y., 65 \v. s. w. Albany, 353 W. Situated on the head waters of Delaware r., and contains 1 Epis- copal church, 6 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 fur- nace, 1 clothier's works, 50 dwellings and 300 inhabitants. HoBBiEviLLE, p-o., Alleghany co., N. Y., 267 w. by s. Albany, 33J W. HoBBiEviLLE, p-o., Greene co., la., 88 s. w. Indianapolis, 63 i VV. HoBOKEN, p-v., Bergen t., Hudson co., N. J., 60 N. E. Trenton, 226 W. Situated on the \v. bank of Hudson r., opposite to New York, with which it is connected by 3 steam ferries. It con- tains an Episcopal church, 50 dwellings, several public houses, and fine grounds, called the Elys- vin Fiiids, beautifully laid out, and is much fre- quented from tlie city in the summer season. HocKHOCKiNG, r., O., rises in Fairfield co., and meanders through a hilly country 80 ms. in a s. E. direction to Ohio r., in the town of Troy, 25 ms. below Marietta. Excepting the lower falls and some mill dams, it is beatable 70 ms. It affords excellent mill sites, having a fall near its source of 40 feet perpendicularly. Hocking, county, O. Situated centrally to- ward the s. part of the state, and contains 432 sq. ms The suiface is generally hilly and broken, and contains much lertile land. Watered by Hockhocking r. and the head waters of Racoon and Salt creeks. Capital, Logan. There were in 1840, neat cattle ii,'M\, sheep 12,S53, swine 155,332 ; 13 stores, cap. $18,400 ; 1 fallm'g m., 4 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 6 grist m., 9 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $238,275. 15 sch. 418 scholars. Pop. 9,741. Hocking, t., Fairfield co., O. It contains the villages of Lancaster and Hamburg. Pop. 2,137. Hocking, city, p-v., Athens co., O., 101 s. E. Columbus, 320 W. Hockingport, p-v., Athens co., O., 104 s. E. Columbus, 323 W. HoDGDON, p-t., Aroostook CO., Me., 202 n. n. e. Augusta, 797 W. Incorporated in 1832. The soil is fertile, producing wheat. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,200. 6 sch. 296 scholars. Pop. 665. Hodgdon's Mills, p-o., Lincoln co.. Me., 43 Augusta, 604 W. HoDGENSviLLE, p-v.. Hardin co., Ky., 89 s. w. Frankfort, 631 W. Hoffman's B'erry, p-o., Glennville t., Sche- nectady CO., N. Y., 26 N. w. Albany, 394 W. Hoffman's Gate, p-o., Claverack t., Columbia CO., N. Y., 41 s. Albany, 353 W. Hoffsville, p-v., Harrison co., Va., 249 n. w. Richmond, 243 W. HoGA.vsBURG, p-v., Bombay t., Franklin co., N. Y., 231 N. Albany, 538 W. Situated on St. Re- gis r., which is navigable from the St. Lawrence to this place by steamboats. It contains 2 church- es, 6 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 40 dwellings, and about '250 inhabitants. Hogestown, p-v., Cumberland co.. Pa., 9 s. w. Harrisburg, 108 W. It contains 1 store and about 12 dwellings. Hogg Creek, p-o., Allen co., O. Hogg's Store, p-o., Newberry dist., S. C, 40 N. w. Columbia, 493 W. Hokesville, p-v., Lincoln co., N. C, 159 w. s. w. Raleigh, 396 W. HoLcoMB, p-o. and depot, Burke co., Ga., 58 E. s. E. Milledgeville, 647 W. Situated on the Central Railroad, 100 ms. n. w. Savannah. HoLDEN, p-t., Worcester co., 3Iass., 48 w. Bos- ton, 405 W. Watered by branches of Blackstone and Nashua rivers. Incorporated in 1740. It has 3 stores, cap. $10,000; 4 cotton fac. 5,700 sp., 3 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $55,000. 12 sch. 527 scholars. Pop. 1,874. HoLDERNESs, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 33 n. Concord, 519 W. Squam lake lies on the e. part of the t., and affords by its outlet, which flows into Pemigewasset r,, excellent water power. C'hartered in 1751. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 paper fac, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,6l)8. 17 sch. 665 scholars. Pop. 1,528. HoLDERNESs CENTRE, p-v., Holdemess t., Grafton co., N. H., 42 n. Concord, 523 W. Holland, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 67 s. w. by w. Boston, 373 W. Watered by Quinnebaug r. It has 1 store, 1 cotton fac. 1,150 sp. Cap. in manufac. $25,000. 4 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 423. Holland, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 284 w. Albany, 351 W. The surface is elevated and rolling; soil, moist clay and sandy loam. Drained by Seneca and Cazenove creeks. The v. contains 15 or 20 dwellings. The t. contains 1 store, cap. $4,500 ; 1 fulling ni.. 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,600. Pop. l',242. Holland, t., Orleans co., Vt., 56 n. n. e. Mont- pelier. Bounded on the n. by Lower Canada, and has a fertile soil. It has 4 sch. 123 scholars. Pop. 605. Holland, p-o , Venango co.. Pa., 220 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 3 )9 W. Holland Patent, p-v., Trenton t., Oneida co., HOL 281 HOM N. Y., 12 N. Utica, 100 vv. n. w. Albany, 402 W. It contains 2 churches, an academy, 40 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Holland's, p-o., Laiu-ens dist., S. C, 61 n. w. Columbia, 505 W. HoLLEY, p-v., Murray t., Orleans co., N. Y., 210 w. N. w. Albany, 389 W. Situated on the Erie canal, which here passes over Sandy cr. by an embankment 75 feet above the bed of the stream. It contains 2 churches, 8 stores, 3 ware- houses, 1 flouring m., 1 carding machine, 2 saw m., 60 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. HoLLiDAYSBURG, p-b., Frankstowu t., Hunt- ingdon CO., Pa., 113 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 161 W. Situated on Beaver Dam cr. It contains 5 church- es — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Lutheran, 1 Baptist, 1 Meth- odist, and 1 African. From a basin near this place, a railroad passes over tlie Alleghany mountains to Johnstown. The vertical ascent is 1,400 feet in a little over 10 miles, and the descent 1,151 feet in about 26i miles, by a number of inclined planes, over which the cars are drawn by ma- chinery. It has 7 commission houses, cap. $62,000 ; 27 stores, cap. $105,8U0; 1 furnace, 2 printing of- fices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $11,750. 5 sch. 225 scholars. Pop. 1,896. Holliday's Cove, p-o., Brooke co., Va., 354 N. w. Richmond, 265 W. Holling.swortii, p-o., Habersham co., Ga., 132 N. Milledgeville, 613 W. Hollls, p-t., York co.. Me., 66 s. w. Augusta, 531 W. Situated on the w. side of Saco r. In- corporated in 1812. It contains 11 stores, cap. $10,625 ; 1 tannery, 2 potteries, 7 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,050. 20 sch. 961 schol- ars. Pop. 2,363. HoLLis, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 44 s. Con- cord, 439 W. Watered by Nashua r. Incorpo- rated in 1746. It has a pleasant v. near the cen- tre. It contains 2 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m. 12 sch. 533 scholars. Pop. 1,333. HoLLLSTOx, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 24 s. w. by w. Boston, 415 W. Watered by a branch of Charles r. Incorporated in 1724. Tlie v. at the centre contains 1 Congregational and 1 Method- ist church. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $14,500; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $66,200. 1 acad. 140 students, 9 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 1,782. HoLLis PlaIiN's, p-o., Robertson co., Tenn., 21 N. Nashville, 705 W. Holly, t., Oakland co., Mich. It has 1 sch. 32 scholars. Pop. 429. Holly Creek, p-o., Wayne co., Tenn., 119 s. w. Nashville, 776 W. Holly Grove, p-o., Tishamingo co., Miss., 223 N. N. E. Jackson, 840 W. Holly Sprlxgs, p-o., Wake co., N. C, 16 Raleigh, 304 W. Holly Sprixgs, p-v., capital of Marshall co.. Miss., 193 N. by e. Jackson, 893 W. Situated on a high ridge. It contains a court house, jail, sev- eral stores and dwellings. Hollow Creek, p-o., Lexington dist., S. C, 26 w. Columbia, 532 W. HoLMDEL, p-v., Middletown t., Monmouth co., N. J., 45 E. Trenton, 211 W. It contains 1 Bap- tist church, an academy, 2 stores, and 10 or 12 dwellings. Holmes, county, O. Situated n. e. of the centre of the state, and contains 422 sq. ms. The surface in some parts is rough, but the soil is gen- erally fertile. Watered by Kilbuck and Mohic- can creeks. Capital, Millersburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,385, sheep 32,117, swine 25,588 ; wheat 299,188 bush, produced, rye 33,231, Ind. corn 217.563, buckwheat 17,843, oats 228,712, 36 potatoes 72,078, sugar 74,930 pounds ; 20 stores, cap. $82,355 ; 6 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 9 tan- neries, 3 distilleries, 2 potteries, 7 flouring m., 15 grist ra., 26 saw m., 4 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $75,946. 11 sch. 484 scholars. Pop. 18,088. Holmes, county, Miss. Situated a little n. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Yazoo r. runs on its w. border, and Big Black r. on the e. border. Capital, Lexington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,137, sheep 2,396, swine 29,542 ; wheat 3,707 bush, produced, Ind. corn 430,740, oats 39,460, potatoes 75.714, rice 5,161 pounds, tobacco 4,518, cotton 8,085,973; 28 stores, cap. $187,100; 39 cotton fac. 234 sp., 15 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $9,302. 1 acad- emy, 13 sch. 301 scholars. Pop. whites 3,852, slaves 5,566, free col'd 34 ; total, 9,452. Holmes, t., Crawford co., O. It has 6 sch. 304 scholars. Pop. 745. Holmesburg, p-v.. Lower Dublin t., Philadel- phia CO., Pa., 9 w. Bristol, 107 E. by s. Harrisburg, 147 W. Situated on Pennypack cr., which is navigable for sloops to Lewis' 3Iills, in the vicin- ity. It contains 4 stores, and about 80 dwellings. The mill was erected, of stone, in 1697. Holmes Hole, p-v., Tisbury t, Dukes co., Mass., 89 s. s. e. Boston, 471 W. This is an im- portant harbor, on the n. side of Martha's Vine- yard, and is spacious and safe, with a depth of water sufficient for vessels of the largest class. It is much resorted to by navigators, when the wind will not allow of doubling Cape Cod. It has a number of vessels, chiefly employed in the fisheries. It contains 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, and about 100 dwellings. Holmesville, p-v., Holmes co., O., 93 n. e. Columbus, 349 W. Holmesville, p-v., capital of Appling co., Ga., 177 s. s. E. 3Iilledgeville, 788 W. It contains a court house, jail, and several dwellings. Holmesville, p-v., capital of Pike co., Miss., 87 s. Jackson, 1,095 W. Situated on the w. side of Bogue Chitto r., and contains a court house and several dwellings. Holmesville, p-v., Avoyelles parish. La. HoLSTON, r., Tenn., unites with Clinch r. at Kingston to form the Tennessee r. It is deep, and navigable 70 ms., with the interruption of a fall of 7 feet. Near its source, 7 ms. n. w. Lan- caster, is a fall of 40 feet. Valuable salt works exist near its sources. HoLSTov, p-o., Washington co., Va., 312 vv. s.w. Richmond, 380 W. HoLSTON, p-o., Knox co., Tenn. Holt's Store, p-o.. Orange co., N. C, 64 n. w. Raleigh, 307 W. Holyoke Place, p-o., Hampshire co., Mass., 91 w. Boston, 380 W. Home, p-o., Indiana co., la., 165 w. n. w. Har- risburg, 218 W. Home, p-v., JefK;rson co.. Pa., 98 s. e. Indian- apolis, 550 W. Homer, p-t., Portland co., N. Y., 141 w. Al- bany, 317 W. The surface is level ; soil, a pro- ductive sandy and clay loam. Drained by Toughnioga cr. and its tributaries. The v. is situat^-d on the w. bank of the cr. Incorporated in 1835. It contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Lniversalist — a flour- ishing academy, 10 stores, 1 woollen fac, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil fac, 1 nail fac, 1 tannery, 225 dwelUngs, and 1,300 inhabitants. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $161,0(X) ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $2,200 ; 1 furnace, 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,916 spindles, 4 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 pottery, 4 grist ra., 11 eaw m., 1 oil m HOO 282 HOP Cap. in manufac. $113,400. 1 acad. 350 students, 19 sch. 861 scholars. Pop. 3,572. Homer, t., Medina co., O. It has 1 saw m., 7 sch. 233 scholars. Pop. 660. Homer, p-v., Burlington t.. Licking ro., O., 46 N. E. Columbus, 385 W. Pleasantly situated on the N. fork of Licking r., and contains 3 churches — 1 Pre.sbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist — 3 stores, 3 saw m., 2 flouring m., 1 carding machine, 1 full- ing m., 40 dwellings, and 201 inhabitants. Homer, t., Athens co., O. Situated on the wa- ters of Federal or. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500 ; 1 saw m., 5 sch. 125 scholars. I'op. 912. Homer, p-o.. Champaign co.. 111. Homer, p-t., Calhoun co., Mich. It has a fertile soil, well adapted to grain, and contains 5 stores, cap. $68,500 ; 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $26,400. 8 sch. 157 scholars. Pop. 824. HoNEOYE, p-v., Richmond t., Ontario co., N. Y., 214 w. Albany, 33S W. Situated at the foot of Honeoye lake, and contains 1 church, 5 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery, 25 dwellings, and 200 inhabitants. HoNEOYE Falls, p-v., Mendon t., Monroe co., N. Y., 214 w. by n. Albany, 360 W. Situated on Honeoye cr., which has a perpendicular fall of 30 feet in the centre of the v., and successive iiills of 100 feet in the whole, in 2 ms. It con- tains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Unitarian — 10 stores, 2 flouring m., 2 woollen fac, 2 furnaces, 1 axe fac, 1 saw m., 180 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Here is an extensive quarry of fine building stone. HoNEOYE Lake, N. Y., lies chiefly in Rich- mond t., and is a beautiful sheet of water, 5 ms. long and 1 wide, abounding with fine fish. HoNESDALE, p-b.. Capital of Wayne co., Pa., 172 N. E. Harrisburg, 269 W. It is in Texas t. Situ- ated at the confluence of Dyberry and Lacka- waxen creeks. The Lackawaxen canal and rail- road terminate at this place. It has risen up within a few years, and contains the office of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co., and about 200 dwellings. Incorporated in 1831. It has 6 stores, cap. $11,200; 1 tannery, 14 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $86,300. 2 acad. 60 students, 2 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 1,086. HoNEYBRooK, p-t., Chester co., Pa., 33 n. w. Philadelphia, 55 e. by s. Harrisburg, 133 W. The surface is a gentle declivity ; soil, sandy loam. Watered by branches of Brandywine r. It has 5 stores, cap. $13,600 -, 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,060. 8 sch. 369 scholars. Pop. 1,773. Honey Creek, p-o., Henderson co., 111., 110 N. w. Springfield, 867 W. HoNEYviLLE, p-v.. Page CO., Va., 125 n. w. Richmond, 108 W. Situated on the e. side of Shenandoah r. Hood's Mills, p-o., Carroll co., Md., 56 n. w. Annapolis, 61 W. HooKERSTOWN, p-o., Greene co., N. C, 94 e. by s. Raleigh, 304 W. HooKSET, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H. 9 s. s. e. Concord, 472 W. Incorporated in 1822. Merri- mac r. passes through the t., and has a descent of 16 leet in 80 rods, around which is a (anal u quar- ter of a m. long. The v. is situated on the w side ot the r. It has 4 stores, cap. .$10 tW • 1 cotton fac. 6,672 sp., 2 grist m., 5 saw m Cap 'in manufac. $158,800. 7 sch. 191 scholars. Pop. 1,175. HooKSTOWN, p-v., Greene t, Beaver co Pa 242 w by N Harrisburg, 264 W. Situated on a branch of Mfll cr., 13 s. w. Beaver. It contains 2 stores, and 40 or 50 dwellings. HoosicK r., N. Y., rises in Mass. and Vt., and flows through Rensselaer co. into Hudson river. It affords extensive water power. HoosicK, p-t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 32 n. e. Albany, 400 W. The surface is hUly ; soil, clay, sand, and loam, adapted to grazing. Watered by Hoosick r. It has 1 1 stores, cap. $29,600 ; 1 ful- ling m., I woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 4,632 sp., 1 tannery, 59 grist m., 5 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $147,350. 20 schools, 812 scholars. Pop. 3,539. HoosicK Falls, p-v., Hoosick t., Rensselaer CO., N. Y., 35 N. E. Albany, 403 W. Situated on both sides of Hoosick r., which has here a fall of 40 feet, aflTording a fine water power. Incorpo- rated in 1827. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presby- terian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 5 stores, 2 cotton fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 cloth dressing and fulling m., 1 machine shop, 80 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. Hootensville, p-v., Upson co., Ga., 71 w. by s. Milledgeville, 727 W. Situated on the n. side of Flint r. Hopahka, p-o., Leake co., Miss., 55 n. k. Jack- son, 955 W. Hope, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 36 e. s. e. Augusta, 623 W. Incorporated in 1834. Watered by St George's r. The soil is fertile. It has 10 stores, cap. ,$10,800 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,533. 11 sch. 776 scholars. Pop. 1,770. Hope, p-t., Hamilton co., N. Y., .58 n. w. Al- bany, 427 W. The surface is uneven ; soil in- diflferent, except on Sacandaga r., which waters it. It has 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,740. 4 sch. 267 scholars. Pop. 711. Hope, p-t., Warren co., N. J., 66 n. by w. Tren- ton, 221 W. The v. is situated on a branch of Beaver brook, and contains 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist church, 6 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 30 or 40 dwellings. There are in the t. 2 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $4,150. 6 sch. 311 scholars. Pop. 1,690. Hope, p-o., Franklin co., O., 24 n. Columbus, 395 W. Hope, p-o., Pickens co., Ala., 58 w. Tusca- loosa, 873 W. Hope, p-o., Bartholomew co., la., 55 s. s. e. In- dianapolis, 575 W. Hope Centre, p-o., Hope t., Hamilton co., N. Y., 63 N. w. Albany, 432 W. Hope Farm, p-o., Louisa co., Iowa. Hope Mills, p-o.. Page co., Va., 134 n. w. Richmond, 100 W. Hope Valley, p-o., Tolland co., Ct., 27 e. Hartford, 345 W. Hopewell, p-t., Ontario co., N. Y., 187 w. Albany, 349 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, clay loam. Drained by the outlet of Canandaigua lake and its tributaries. It has 1 fuUmg m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 6 saw ra. Cap. in manufac $68,550. 14 sch. 678 scholars. Pop. 1,976. Hopewell, p-t., Mercer co., N. J., 17 n. Tren- ton, 183 W. It has 11 stores, cap. $26,900; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 5 grist m., 5 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufiic $33,800. 8 sch. 307 scholars. Pop. 3,205. PIopewell, t., Cumberland co., N. J. The surface is rolling ; .soil, clay loam. Cohansey en bounds it on the e. and s. Drained by Mount's and Mill creeks, tributaries of the Cohansey cr. It contains 1 Seventh-day Baptist and 1 Method- ist church. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $21,500 ; 2 tanneries, 1 forge, 1 distillery, 1 flour- ing m., 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $25,150. 12 sch. 973 scholars. Pop. 2,220. HOP 283 HOR Hopewell, p-t., Huntingdon co., Pa., 13 s. vv. Huntingdon b. Tlie surtiice is mountainous ; soil, in the valleys, calcareous loam. It has 2 stores, cap. $10,000; 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §9,250. 1 sell. 25 scliolars. Pop. 1,238. Hopewell, p-t., Beaver co., Pa. It has 4 .stores, cap. $6,600 ; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 6 grist in., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $23,700. 3 sch. 101 scholars. Pop. 1,603. Hopewell, t., York co.. Pa., 14 s. e. York b. The surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile loam. Drained by head branches of Deer cr., which flows into Maryland. It has 10 stores, capital $10,550 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, y distilleries, 10 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $25,229. 11 sch. 330 scholars. Pop. 1,905. Hopewell, p-t., Washington co.. Pa., 12 n. w. Washington b. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Drained by Buffalo and Cross creeks, and Brushy run. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,880. 11 sch. 330 scholars. Pop. 1,596. Hopewell, p-t., Bedford co., Pa., 15 n. e. Bedford b., 104 w. Harrisburg, 130 W. The sur- face is mountainous ; soil, in the valleys, calca- reous loam. Drained by Raystown branch of .luniata r. and its tributaries. Bituminous coal is found in abundance. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,950. 2 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 1,213. Hopewell, t., Cumberland co., Pa., 21 w. Carlisle. The surface is hilly ; soil, slate. It has 2 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 3 tanneries, 3 distille- ries, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,950. 5 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,036. Hopewell, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 170 w. s. vv. Raleigh, 410 W. Hopewell, p-v., York dist., S. C, 92 n. Co- lumbia, 443 W. Hopewell, p-o., Crawford co., Ga., 60 s. w. Milledgeville, 716 W. Hopewell, p-t., Muskingum co., O., 46 e. Columbus, 347 W. The v. is situated on the national road, and contains 1 church, 4 stores, and 25 dwellings. There are in the t., 4 churches, 11 sch. 414 scholars. Pop. 1,806. Hopewell, t.. Licking co., O. Situated on the national road, a few miles E. of Hebron. Pop. 1,150. Hopewell, t., Perry co., O. Watered by Jonathan's creek. It has 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac $8,160. 7 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 1,544. Hopewell, t., Seneca co., O. Situated on the w. side of Sandusky r. It has 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $355. 6 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 913. Hopewell, p-o., Greene co., Ala., 53 s. w. Tuscaloosa, 871 W. Hopewell Cotton W^okks, p-o., Chester CO., Pa., 67 E. s. E. HarrLsburg, 96 W. HopKLNS, county, Ky. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 750 sq. ms. Green r. runs on its n. e.. Pond r. on its e., and Trade- water cr. on its w. border. Watered by Otter, Flat, Drake's, Crary, Clear, and Deer creeks. Capital, Madisonville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,984, sheep 8,992, swine 32,552 ; wheat 41,595 bush, produced, Ind. corn 424,595, oats 58,452, potatoes 10,923, tobacco 1,716,555 pounds, cotton 47,536, sugar 5,019 ; 7 stores, cap. $24,900; 1 woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 floiuring m., 4 grist ra., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $16,880. 89 scholars in schools. Pop. whites 7,417, slaves 1,723, free col'd 31 ; total, 9,171. HoPKiNsviLLE, p-t., Hamilton t., Warren co., O., 96 w. s. w. Columbus, 469 W. It contains 1 church, 3 stores, and about 150 iniiabitants. HopKi.NsviLLK, p-v., capital of Christian co., Ky., 204 s. w. Frankfort, 731 W. Situated on the E. side of Little r. It contains a court house, a bank, 6 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 Pres^byterian, 1 Ciiniherland Presby- terian, and 1 Reformed, or Campbellite church — 3 academies, 216 students, 13 stores, 1,581 ii>- habitants. HopKj.MsviLLE, p-v., Chatoogaco., Ga., 192 n. w. Milledgeville, 655 W. Situated on the e. side of Little r. HopKiNsviLLE, v., capital of Adair co., Mo. Situated 6 ms. e. of the Grand Chariton r. HopKiNTO.x, p-t., Merrimac co., IN. H., 7 w. Concord, 475 W. Watered by Contoocook r. and its branches, Warner and Blackwater rivers, all tributaries of the Merrimac. The land on the streams is fertile. The principal v., 7 w. Con- cord, contains the county jail. In the w. part of the t., Contoocook r. affords water power, where is a V. with several mills. Chartered in 1735. It has 8 stores, cap. $19,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tan- nery, 4 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,300. 1 acad. 104 students, 19 sch. 927 scholars. Pop. 2,455. HopKi.\TO.\, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 29 w. s. w. Boston, 416 W. Watered by branches of Charles and Mill rivers, which aflTord water power. Incorporated in 1715. The Boston and Worcester railroad, and tlie Blackstone canal, run near it. It contains a mineral spring of some celebrity. It has 7 stores, cap. $15,100 ; 3 cotton fac. 3,952 sp., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $127,400. ll sch. 500 scholars. Pop. 2,245. HopKi.vTON, p-t., Washington co., R. I. In- corporated in 1757. Watered by Wood r., which affords valuable water power, and it has cotton, woollen and iron manufactures. The soil is fer- tile, adapted to grain and to grazing. Pawcatuck r. runs on its s. border, and affords fisheries of shad and alewives. Ilopkinton city is a flour- ishing V. in the s. part of the t., situated on a branch of CJharles r. There are in the t., 6 stores, cap. $7,600 ; 1 woollen fac, 5 cotton fac. 4,300 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $76,750. 11 sch. 517 scholars. Pop. 1,726. HopKiNTON, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 215 N. N. w. Albany, 512 W. The surface on the s. is hilly and sterile ; on the N. level and fertile. Watered by Racket and St. Regis rivers. The v. contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 25 or 30 dwellings. There are in the t., 4 stores, cap. $12,000 ; i fulling m., 2 tan- neries, 2 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,950. 24 sch. 366 scholars. Pop. 1,147. Hopper's Cave, p-o., Greene co., la., 84 s. w. Indianapolis, 647 W. Hopper's Mills, p-o., Warren co.. 111., 116 n. w. Springfield, 862 W. HoppEii's Tan Yaiid, p-o., Todd co., Ky., 197 s. w. Frankfort, 721 W. Horace, p-o., Hamptonburgh t.. Orange co., N. Y., 101 s. s. w. Albany, 282 W. HoRicoN, p-t., Warren co., N. Y., 90 n. Alba- ny. The surface i* hilly and mountainous, mostly a wilderness. It contams several small lakes, the principal of which are Brant lake, and Schroon lake in the n. part. Hudson r. bounds it on the w. It has 1 grist m., 8 saw m., 5 sch. 244 scholars. Pop. 659. HOS 284 HOU Hornbeck's, p-o., Pike co., Pa., 151 n. e. Har- risburg, -45 W. HoRNiiROOK, p-o., Bradford co., Pa., 141 n. Harrisburg, 251 W. Hounby, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 205 w. by s. Albany, 294 W. The surface is hilly ; soil fer- tile, adapted to grazing. Drained by Mead's cr. It has 1 fulling m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,150. 10 sdi. 334 scholars. Pop. 1,04S. HoRNELLSviLLE, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 241 w. by s. Albany, 316 W. The soil is uneven and broken, but mostly arable. Drained by Canisteo r. The v. is situated on Canisteo r., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 6 stores, 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 tannery, 80 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. The t. has 2 stores, cap. $1,200; 1 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,200. 18 sch. 699 scholars. Pop. 2,121. Hornsby's, p-o., De Kalb co., Ga., 90 n. w. MilledgeviUe, G'J4 W. HoRNTOWN, p-v., Accomack co., Va., 219 e. Richmond, 171 W. Horn Island, a low sandy island in the Gulf of Mexico, off the mouth of Pascagoula r. Horry, dist., S. C. Situated in the extreme E. part of the state, and contains 1,000 sq. ms. The surface is level ; soil, sandy and marshy. Little Pedee r. runs on its w. border. Watered by Waccamaw r., a branch of the Great Pedee r. It produces cotton and rice. Capital, Con- waysboro. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,182, sheep 4,857, swine 22,196 ; wheat 1,720 bush, produced, Ind. corn 81,641, potatoes 50,676, rice 79,769 pounds, tobacco 4,613, cotton 10,780; 6 stores, cap. §(36,963 ; 6 distilleries, 51 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $46,815. 6 sch. 101 scholars. Pop. whites 4,154, slaves 1,574, free col'd 27 ; total, 5,755. Horse Creek, p-o., Greene co., Tenn. Horsham, p-t., Montgomery co., Pa., 118 e. Harrisburg, 154 W. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam. Watered by a branch of Ne- shaminy and by Pennypack creeks. Inhabited chiedy by Friends, who have a church in the s. E. part of the t. Tlie principal v., called Hor- sham square, at the centre, contains 1 Friends church, a library, 1 store, and about half a dozen dwellings. There are in the town, 3 stores, capital $4,500 ; 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Population, 1,182. HoRSEiiEAD, p-o.. Prince George co., Md., 45 s. w. Annapolis, 39 W. Horsehead, p-o., Johnson co.. Ark., 109 n. w. Little Rock, 1,174 W. HoRsEPASTURE, p-0., Henry co., Va., 205 w. s. w. Richmond, 280 W. Horse Prairie, p-o., Jefferson co.. 111. Horse Race, N. Y., a name given to the Hud- son r., just beiore it leaves tl^ Highlands, where It has a suddea turn to the e. for 1 m., when it resumes its s. course. Horse Shoe, p-o., Washington co.. Pa., 193 w. Harrisburg, 220 W. Horse Shoe, p-o., Pickens dist., S. C, 164 w. N. w. Columbia, 566 W. Horse Shoe Bend, p-o., Tallapoosa co., Ala., Ibb E. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 784 W in?°T ^iT" ^^JT,*^**' P-o-'R"ssell CO., Ky., 103 s. Frankfort, 617 W. Situated on the s. side oi Cumberland r. Horseys Cross Roads, p-o., Sussex co., Del., 43 s. Dover, 110 W. ' Horsewei.l, p-o.. Barren co., Ky., 115 s w Frankfort, 638 W. ' ^ ' ^• Hoskinsville p-y., Brookfield t., Morgan co., O., 90 E. by s. Columbus, 318 W. Surrounded by a fertile country, where large quantities of wool are produced. Hotel, p-o., Bertie co., N. C, 141 e. Nash- ville, 244 W. Hot Springs, county. Ark. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 2,540 sq. ms. Drained by Wachita r. and it branches. The surface is hilly and broken. Capital, Hot Springs. There were in 18-10, neat cattle 4,193, sheep 415, swine 7,574; wheat 1,076 bushels produced, Ind. com 82,724, oats 5,356, potatoes 4,195, tobacco 3,103 pounds, cotton 2,682; 6 stores, cap. $2,950 ; 8 grist m., 3 saw m., 3 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. whites 1,655, slaves 249, free col'd 3; total, 1,907. Hot Springs, p-v., Bath co., Va., 169 w. N. w. Richmond. Here are remarkable springs, with a temperature of from 103 to 106 Fahrenheit, charged with various mineral ingredients, very efficacious in rheumatic and various other com- plaints ; a hotel for the accommodation of visiters, and extensive baths for ladies and gentlemen. Near the hotel are a hot and a cold spring, issu- ing so near each other, that both can be reached at the same time, by the thumb and finger of the same hand. The country around is wild and picturesque. Hot Springs, p-v., capital of Hot Springs co., Ark., 53 w. by s. Little Rock, 1,118 W. Situ- ated 6 ms. N. of the Wachita river. It contains a court house, 20 dwellings, and about 100 in- habitants. Here are about 50 springs, all hot, breaking out from the w. side of a mountain, and flowing into a small creek, the course of which is from n. to s., and empties into the Wachita r., 6 miles from the springs. The temperature of the springs is not all the same, but varies from 110 to 150 degrees of Fahrenheit. The Chaly- beate Springs are cold, and are much frequent- ed by invalids ; situated 3 miles n. e. of the Hot Springs. There are also Sulphur Springs in the co., 30 ms. n. w. from Hot Springs. Houghtonsville, p-o., Windham co., Vt., 109 s. Montpelier, 457 W. Houlton, p-t, capital of Aroostook co., Me., 120 N. N. E. Bangor, 196 n. e. Augusta, 791 W. It borders New Brunswick on the e. Stages run on a excellent road, 3 times a week, to Ban- gor. Watered by Meduxnekeag r., a branch of the St. Johns r. The soil is fertile, adapted to wheat. A garrison is located 1 m. n. of the v. There are in the t., 9 stores, cap. $9,950 ; 2 lum- ber yards, cap. $20,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 flouring 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Capital in manufac. $7,900. 4 sch. 144 scholars. Pop. 1,.597. Houma, p-v., capital of Terre Bonne parish. La., 132 s. w. New Orleans, 1,294 W. Situated on the w. side of Bayou Terrebonne. It con- tains a court house and several dwellings. HouNDSFiELD, t., Jcffersou CO., N. Y., 6 w. Wa- tertown. The surface is level ; soil, sandy loam and clay. Watered by Black r. and Black r. bay on tiie n., and by Hungry bay of Lake Ontario on the w. It contains the v. of Sackett's Harbor, a place celebrated as a naval station iu the last war. It has 18 stores, cap. $24,300 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 2 weekly papers, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $39,800. 14 sch. 418 scholars. Pop. 4,146. House Creek, p-o., Irwin co., Ga., 104 s. MilledgeviUe, 751 W. House's Springs, p-o., Jefferson co., Mo., 125 E. Jefferson city, 838 W. HousEviLLE, p-o., Turin t., Lewis co., N. Y., 130 N. w. Albany, 429 W. Houston, county, Ga. Situated a little s. w. HOW 285 HUD of the centre of the state, and contains 510 sq. miles. Ocmulgee river runs on its f.. border, and FHnt r. on its vv., by brandies of which it is wa- tered. Capital, Perry. It has 44G students in academies. Pop. 1830, 7,369; 1840, whites 4,861, slaves 4,84.i, free col'd 5 ; total, 9,711. Houston, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 129. Houston, p-o., Alleghany co., Pa., 211 w. Har- risburg, 237 W. Houston, p-o., Shelby co., O., 82 w. N. w. Columbus, 476 W. Houston, p-v., Wayne co., Tenn., Ill s. w. Nashville, 788 W. Houston, p-o.. Heard co., Ga. Houston, p-o., Marion co., Mo. Houston, p-v., capital of Chickasaw co.. Miss., 145 n. e. Jackson, 910 W. Situated on the head waters of Oktibbeha cr., and contains a court house and a few dwellings. Housto.m, p-o., Adams co.. 111., 100 w. Spring- field, 877 W. Houston's Store, p-o.. Rowan co., N. C, 133 w. Raleigh, 370 W. Houston's Store, p-o., Morgan co. Ala., 117 N. N. E. Tuscaloosa, 754 W. Houstonville, p-v., Iredell co., N. C, 154 w. Raleigh, 265 W. H0W.A.RD, county. Mo. Situated a little n. w. of the centre of the state, bounded s. and \v. by Missouri river. Watered by Great Manitoii and Bonne Femme rivers, and Salt cr., tributaries of the Missouri. Capital, Fayette. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,947, sheep 11,371, swine 29,502 ; wheat 33,040 bushels produced, Indian corn 561,795, oats 62,870, potatoes 12,354, tobac- co 98,101 pounds; 17 stores, cap. $195,465; 7 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 19 flouring m., 20 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $46,280. 1 acad. 22 students, 22 sch. 657 scholars. Pop. whites 9,331, slaves 3,683, free col'd 44 ; total, 13,108. Howard's Gore, Oxford co., Me. It has 3 sch. 47 scholars. Pop. 131. Howard, p-t., Steuben co., N. V., 231 w. Al- bany, 311 W. The surface is undulating; soil, a fertile clay loam. Drained by branches of Canisteo cr. and Conhocton r. The v. contains 1 Methodist church, a high school, 3 stores, 40 dwellings, and 250 inhabitants. The t. has 3 stores, cap. $10,300; 2 fulling m., 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,450. 28 sch. 1,190 scholars. Pop. 3,247. Howard, p-t.. Centre co.. Pa., 97 n. w. Harris- burg, 189 W. "The surface is mountainous, the mam ridge of the Alleghany passing through it. Drained by Bald Eagle cr. and its tributaries, and Marsh and Beach cr. The soil, in the valleys, is a calcareous loam. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,0CKJ ; 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 6 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 1,409. Howard, t., Knox co., O. The soil is fertile. Watered by Vernon and Jelloway rivers. It has 6 sch. 333 scholars. Pop. 999. Howard, t., Cass co., Mich. Watered by Putnam's cr. and another branch of Dowagiake r. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $250. 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 370. Howard's Point, p-o., Fayette co., 111., 94 s. K. Springfield, 728 W. Howard's Vallev, po., Windham co., Ct., 38 E. by N. Hartford, 365 W. Howardsville, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 85 w. N. w. Richmond, 151 W. Howardsville, p-o., Davies co., Ky. Howell, t., Monmouth county, N. J. The surface is level ; soil, sand, sandy loam, and clay. Drained by Shark, Manasquan, and JVIet- tecunk rivers, which flow e. to the Atlantic. It contains 16 stores, cap. $23,600 ; 2 tanneries, 10 grist m., 8 saw m., 4 furnaces. Cap. in manu- fac. .$5,000. 15 sch. 475 scholars. Pop. 4,699. Howell, p-o., Logan co., O., 82 n. w. Colum- bus, 453 W. Howell, p-v., Howell t., capital of Livings- ton CO., Mich., 51 w. by n. Detroit, 554 W. It contains a court house, jail, an academy, 1 store, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., and 50 or 60 dwellings. There are in the t., 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 flour- ing m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,000. 3 sell. 78 scholars. Pop. 321. Howell, p-v., Cobb co., Ga., 112 n. w. Mil- ledgeville, 689 W. Howell's Springs, p-o., Hardin co., Ky., 90 s. w. Frankfort, 632 W. Howellsville, p-v., Delaware co.. Pa., 90 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 124 W. Howellsville, p-v., Warren co., Va., 146 n. n. w. Richmond, 77 W. Situated on the Shenandoah river, and contans a church, free to all denominations, 1 store, 2 flouring m., 8 or 10 dwellings, and about 50 inhabitants. Tlie river is navigable, for boats, 150 miles above this place. Howell Works, p-o., Monmouth co., N. J., 47 E. s. E. Trenton, 213 W. Situated on Man- asfiuan r., and contains a store, extensive iron works, and 50 or 60 dwellings. Howland, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 106 n. n. E. Augusta, 701 W. Watered by Piscataquis r. Incorporated in 1826. The soil is fertile. It has 5 saw m., 5 sch. 151 scholars. Pop. 322. Howlet Hill, p-o., Onondaga t., Onondaga CO., N. y. HovLESviLLE, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 186 w. by s. Raleigh, 423 W. HoYSBURG, p-o., Alleghany co., Md. HovsviLLE, p-v., Loudon co., Va., 166 n. Richmond, 43 W. Situated near Kittoctan cr., 2 miles s. of the Potomac. It contains several flouring mills. Hubbard, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 183 n. e. Co- lumbus, 296 W. A flourishing t., situated on the Pennsylvania line, 18 s. e. of Warren. It has 8 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 1,242. Hubbard's, p o., Benton co.. Ark., 190 n. w. Little Rock, 1,171 W. HuBBARusTON, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 54 w. by N. Boston, 412 W. Incorporated in 1767. Watered by branches of Ware r., which afford water power. The v. contains 1 Congregational and 1 Onitarian church, and about 50 dwellings. The town has 4 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 17 saw m. Cap. in maaulac. $13,375. 12 sch. 575 scholars. Pop. 1,784. HuBBARDTON, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 81 s. s. w. Montpelier, 4.7^ W. The surface is uneven and rough, and in some parts mountainous. Watered by Hubbardton r., which flows into Lake Cham- plain. It has 2 fulling m., 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Pop. 719. HuBERTA, p-o., Washington co., Ala. Hublersburg, p-v.. Walker t.. Centre co., Pa., 88 N. w. Harrisburg, 180 W. A small v. contain- ing 6 or 8 dwellings. Huddleston's Cross Roads, p-o., Wilson co., Tenn., 22 e. Nashville, 659 W. Hudgion's, p-o., Jefferson co., Ark., 63 s. e. Little Rock, 1,128 W. Hudson, a river of the state of New York, though less in its length and in the amount of water which it discharges than many others, is one of the most important in the United States. The Hudson, proper, rises by two branches in the mountainous regions of Hamilton and Es- sex counties. The eastern branch from the a. HUD 286 HUD passes through Schroon lake, and is sometimes called JSeliroon branch ; and the western has a circuitous course from the n. w., and is consider- ed as the main branch, or Hudson. About 40 miles from the source of each, they unite in War- ren CO. After a course of 13 miles s. the Hudson receives the Sacandaga, on the line between Montgomery and Saratoga counties. The Sacan- daga rises in Hamilton co., and fir.st runs s. e., and then N. w. and w., to its junction below Jes- sup's falls. The Hudson then runs to the east of s. 15 miles to Hadley falls ; it then turns to the N. E. 20 miles to Glen's falls. Its direction is then nearly s. to its entrance into New York bay. 40 miles below Glen's falls it receives from the vv. the Mohawk, its greatest tributary. From the jnnction of the Mohawk to its mouth, is about 170 miles. The whole length of the Hudson, from its source to its entrance into New York bay, is a little over 300 miles. So straight is this river between Albany and New York, that the distance is less by water than by land. The tide flows to a little above Albany. It is navigable for the largest ships 118 miles, to Hudson, and for sloops and large steamboats 145 miles above New York, to Albany. Small sloops also pro- ceed to Troy, and through the dam and lock to Walerford, about 8 miles farther. Through a considerable part of its course the banks are ele- vated, and in some parts high, rocky, and precip- itous ; particularly in its passage through the Highlands, 53 miles above the city of New York. The scenery on the banks of the Hudson is high- ly picturesque. The city of New York owes much of its prosperity, and its pre-eminent ad- vantages, to this noble river, connected as it is with the Erie and the Champlain canals. By no other route can an equally favorable water com- munication be had with the great West. There are many large and flourishing towns on the Hud- son. The principal on the e. side are Troy, Hud- son, and Poughkeepsie ; and on the w. side Al- bany, Cattskill, and Newburgh; besides many others on both sides. Its waters were the thea- tre of the first successful attempt to apply steam to the propelling of vessels by Fulton and Liv- ingston in 1808. Hudson, county, N. J. Situated toward the N. E. part of the state, and contains 75 sq. ms. Hudson r. bounds it on the e., and the Passaic on the w. Drained by Hackensack river. Capital, North Bergen. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,951, .sheep 824, swine 1,781 ; wheat 2,360 bush, produced, rye 5,335, Ind. corn 10,875, buckwheat 3,508, oats 9,141, potatoes 14,478; 23 stores, cap. $27,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 glass fac, 2 potteries, 1 saw ra., 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly news- papers. Cap. in manufac. $411,850. 2i) sch. 1,136 scholars. Pop. 9,483. Hudson, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 68 s. by e. Concord, 263 W. Incorporated in 1746. The surface is level and fertile on the streams, but otherwise, hilly and broken. Merrimac r. flows on its w. border, across which is a bridge to Dun stable. It has 3 stores, cap. $2,600 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $3,625. 10 sch. 341 scholars. Pop. 1,148. Hudson, city, port of entry, and capital of Co- lumbia CO., N. Y., is situated on the e. side of Hudson r., at the head of ship navigation, 116 n. New York, 29 s. Albany, 335 W., in 42° 14' n. lat., 73° 46' w. Ion. Pop. 1820, 2,900; 1830, 5,392 ; 1840, 5,672. Its front consists of a bold promontory, risuig 60 feet above the level of the river, which has been formed into a pleasant promenade, commanding a fine view of the river and of the surrounding country. On either side of this promontory is a spacious bay, with a suf- ficient depth of water for the largest vessels. The city is regularly laid out, with streets cross- ing each other at right angles ; with the exception of two streets near the river, which follow the direction of the shore. The main street extends s. E. more than a mile to Prospect hill, 200 feet high, to which the grouiad gradually rises. On the n. side of this street, toward its upper end, is a public square. There is another square in the s. part of the city, on which the coiu"t house is situated. It is 1 16 feet long, the central part 40 by 60 feet, and 60 feet high, surmounted by a dome, and entered by a portico of 6 Ionic col- umns. The wings are 34 feet front and 40 feet deep, and 2 stories high. There are 8 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Method- ist, 2 Friends, 2 Universalist — the Hudson Acad- emy, Hudson Female Seminary, the Franldin Literary Association, with a respectable library and philosophical apparatus, the Hudson Lunatic Asylum, and a number of select schools. The city is supplied with pure water, brought 2 miles in iron pipes from a spring at the foot of Becraft's mountain. This city was formerly much engaged in the West India trade, which has, latterly, chief- ly given place to the whale fishery. It lias 7 or 8 whale ships, 4 steamboats, with freight barges, and a number of sloops. A steam ferry-boat plies between this city and Athens, on the opposite side of tlie river. The Hudson and Berkshire Rail- road connects this city with West Stockbridge, Mass., and thence with Boston. Several streams in the immediate vicinity afford con.siderable wa- ter power, which is improved in manufacturing. There were in 1840, 116 stores, cap. $410,450; 4 lumber yards, cap. $29,000 ; cap. employed in the fisheries, $330,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 distil- lery, 1 brewery, 3 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly newspapers, 2 periodicals. Cap. in man- ufac. ,'iil35,650. 2 acad. 80 students, — sch. .590 scholars. Hudson was settled in 1784 by emi- grants from R. Island and Massachusetts. It was incorporated a city in 1785. Hudson, p-t.. Summit co., O., 137 n. e. Colum- bus, 335 W. The surface is level or rolling, and the soil a fertile clay loam, adapted to grazing and to grain. The v. is pleasantly situated on a plain, from which the ground rises to the n. It contains 2 churches, 6 stores, and 75 or 80 dwellings. The Western Reserve college is located here, on ele- vated ground in the n. e. part of the vilkige, and its buildings consist of 2 spacious college edifices, an elegant chapel 3 stories high, containuig reci- tation rooms, the library and philosophical hall, a theological college, a president's house, and a neat and convenient astronomical observatory. The grounds around the colleges are extensive, and ornamented with trees. In the rear is a large building, devoted to manual labor. Tliis institu- tion was founded in 1826, has a president and 9 professors, or other instructors, 51 alumni, of whom 13 have been ministers of the gospel, 63 students, and 4,200 vols, in its libraries. It lias an elegant and extensive philosophical apparatus. The com- mencement is on the fourth Wednesday in Au- gust. Its funds are respectable, and its prospects promising. Hudson, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich., 84 s. w. De- troit, 516 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain and to grazing. The v. is situated on Bean or Tiflin cr., which affords extensive water power. It has 1 store, cap. $500 ; 3 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. $599. Hudson, p-v.. La Porte co., la., 158 n. Indian- apolis, 650 W. Hudson, p-v., McLean co., III., 94 n. e. Spring- field, 754 W. HUM 287 HUN HuDsoNviLLE, p-v., Breckenridge co., Ky., 121 w. s. w. Frankfort, 663 W. HuDSONViLLE, p-v., Marshall co., Miss., 201 n. by E. Jackson, 885 W. HuGiiE.sviLLE, p-v., Muncy Creek t., Lyco- ming CO., Pa., 90 \. Harrisburg, 200 W. It con- tains 2 stores, 2 mills, and 30 or 40 dwellings. HuGiiEsviLLE, p-o., Loudon co., Va., 149 n. Richmond, 40 W. HuGiisoNviLLE, v., Fishkill t., Dutchess co., N. Y. It contains 1 church, 3 stores, and about 30 dwellings. Huguenot, p-o.. Deer Park t.. Orange co., N. Y., 113 w. s. w. Albany, 268 W. HtjLB0RT0.\% p-v., Murray t., Orleans co., N. Y. Situated on the Erie canal, and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 300 in- habitants. Hull, t., Plymouth co., Mass., 9 e. s. e. Bos- ton, by water. Situated on a peninsula on the s. E. side of Boston harbor. Incorporated in 1644. It has a beach 4 ms. long. The v. is on Nantasket Head. Salt is manufactured here. It has 1 store, 1 sch. 42 scholars. Pop. 231. Hull's Corners, p-o., Hannibal t., Oswego CO., N. Y. Hull's Mtlls, p-o., Stanford t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 63 s. Albany, 322 W. Hulmeville, p-v., Middletown t., Bucks co., Pa., 118 E. Harrisburg, 160 W. It contains 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 woollen fac, and about 40 dwellings. Hu.mansville, p-o., Polk co.. Mo., 147 s. w. ■Jefferson city, 1,083 W. Hume, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 263 w. by s. Albany, 345 W. The surface is undulating : soil, a fertile clay loam. Drained by Genesee r. and tributaries. It has 10 stores, cap. $26,000 ; 1 furnace, 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,070. 11 sch. 437 scholars. Pop. 2,303. Hummelstown, p-b., Derry t., Dauphin co.. Pa., 9 e. Harrisburg, 119 W. It contains 1 Lu- theran church, 4 stores, and about 160 dwellings. It has 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 480. Humphrey, t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 8 s. e. Ellicott\-ille, 300 \v. by s. Albany. The surface is undulating ; soil, adapted to grass. Drained by Five Mile run and Great Valley cr. It has 2 saw m., 2 sch. 53 scholars. Pop. 444. Humphrey's Creek, p-o., McCracken co., Ky., 310 w. s. w. Frankfort, 842 W. Humphrey's Store, p o., Monroe co., Tenn., 195 E. s. e. Nashville, 546 W. Humphrey's Vill.\, p-o.. Holmes co., O., 72 N. E. Columbus, 33S W. HuMPHREYSviLLE, p-v., Derby t.. New Haven CO., Ct., 51 s. w. Hartford, 305 W. Situated on Naugatuc r., 4 mile.s from its entrance into the Housatonic, at Derby landing. It contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 4 stores, 1 large cotton fac, 100 feet long and 4 stories high, and about 60 dwellings. HuMPHREVsviLLE, p-o., Chester co.. Pa., 62 e. by s. E. Harrisburg, 122 W. Humphreys, county, Tenn. Situated toward the N. w. part of the state, and contains 475 sq. ms. Tennessee r. passes through the middle of the CO. from s. to n. (^apital, Reynoldsburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,310, sheep 6,034, swine 21,461 ; wheat 18,290 bush, produced, Ind. corn 269,00^, oats 36,681, potatoes 4,408, tobacco 4,2!!5 pounds, cotton 9,143, sugar 3,853 ; 8 stores, cap. $38,600 ; 1 furnace, 4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 15 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $6,3a8. 10 sch. 217 scholars. Pop. whites 4,448, slaves 739, free col'd 8 ; total, 5,195. Hu.nterdon, county, N. J. Situated in the vv. part of the state, bounded s. w. by Delaware r. The surface in the s. part i.s level, in the N. mountainous. Soil, generally very fertile. Wa- tered on the E. by the s. branch of Raritan r. and its tributaries ; on the w. by several creeks which flow into the Delaware. Capital, Flemington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,722, sheep 27,102, swine 26,165 ; wheat 76,332 hush, prod., rye 190,169, Ind. com 347,276, buckwheat 107,093, barley 1,332, oats 490,650, potatoes 121,569; 86 stores, cap. $269,150 ; 2 fulling m., 1 vvoollen fac, 23 tanneries, 31 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, I rope fac, 7 flouring m., 57 grist m., 60 saw m., I I oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $250,515. 86 sch. 2,587 schol- ars. Pop. 24,789. Hunter, p-t., Greene co., N. Y., 18 w. Cats- kill, 54 s. w. Albany, 356 W. The surface is mountainous, lying on the principal range of Catskill mountains, and containing the peak call- ed Round Top, 3,804 feet above the Hudson. The soil is sterile, except on some of the streams. Wood, timber, and bark for the tanneries, are ex- ported. Drained by head branches of Schoharie creek. The v. is situated on Schoharie kill, and contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 cotton fac, 1 grist m., 5 saw m., 2 tanneries, 50 dwellings, and about 30t) inhabitants. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $4,600 ; 1 cotton fac. 368 sp., 5 tanneries, 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $66,500. 11 sch. Ill schol- ars. Pop. 2,019. Huntersl.vnd, p-o., Middleburg t., Schoharie CO., N. Y., 34 w. Albany, 377 W. Hunterstown, p-v., Strabane t., Adams co.. Pa., 35 s. w. Harrisburg, 85 W. It contains a Lutheran church, 2 stores, and 20 or 30 dwellings. Huntersville, p-v., capital of Pocahontas CO., Va., 190 w. N. w. Richmond, 235 W. The situation is elevated 1,800 feet above the Atlantic, on Kapp's cr., 6 ms. above its entrance into Green- brier r. It contains a court house, jail, 3 stores, 25 dwellings, and 130 inhabitants. Near the v. are 2 sulphur springs. Huntersville, p-v., Hardin co., O., 81 N. w. Columbus, 452 W. Hunting Creek, p-o., Accomack co., Va., 199 E. Richmond, 196 W. Huntingdon, county. Pa. Situated a little s. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 1.276 sq. ms. Watered by Juniata r. and its tributary, Raystown branch. Organized in 1787. A part of it is fertile and well cultivated, and a part mountainous and covered with timber. Iron, in abundance, leail, bituminous coal, salt, and alum, are found. The Pennsylvania canal passes through the co., along the Juniata r. The railroad across the Alleghany mountains commences at Hollidaysburg, in the w. part of this co. Capi- tal, Huntingdon. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 24,747, sheep 26,598, swme 32,003; wheat 521,816 bush, produced, rye 175,457, Ind. corn 345,795, buckwheat 79,952, barley 4,937, oats S48,959, potatoes 141,046; 28 commission houses, cap. $144,600; 119 stores, cap. $581,600; 20 fur- naces, 27 forges, 6 fulling m., 9 woollen fac, 34 ■ tanneries, 15 distilleries, 2 breweries, 7 potteries, 4 printing ofl^ces, 4 weekly newspapers, 4 flour- ing m., 63 grist m., 182 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $331,427. 1 acad. 20 students, 104 sch. 1,432. scholars. Pop. 35,484. Huntingdon, p-b., capital of Huntingdon co.. Pa., 92 w. N. w. Harrisbiu-g, 151 W. Situated on the w. side of Frankstown branch of Juniata r., at its entrance into the latter, 50 ms. from its mouth. It contains a brick court house, a stone jail, 6 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Dutch Re- HUN 28S HUR formed, 1 Associate Reformed, 1 Methodist, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 colored Methodist — an academy, 13 stores, cap. $83,200; 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, I brewery, 1 pottery, 2 printing of- fices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $13,950. 5 sch. 187 scholars. Pop. 1,145. Huntingdon, t., Luzerne co., Pa. It has North mountain in its n. part, and Knob moun- tain on its s. K. part. The surface is rolling, and the soil adapted to cultivation. It contains the V. of New Columbus near its w. border. It has 7 stores, cap. $28,000; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 4 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,630. 8 sch. 325 scholars. Pop. 1,510. Huntingdon, t., Adams co.. Pa., 12 n. e. Get- tysburg. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam and gravel. Bermudian cr. runs on its w. border. It has 2 churches, 5 ms. apart, in its w. part, and the v. of Middleton in its n. w. part. It contains 4 stores, cap. $36,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $12,790. 8 sch. 295 scholars. Pop. 1,481. Huntingdon, p-v., capital of Carroll co., Tenn., 98 w. Nashville, 783 W. Situated on the s. fork of Obion r. It contains a court house, and several stores and dwellings. Hungtington, county, la. Situated toward the N. E. part of the slate, and contains 384 sq. ms. Organized in 1832. The siu-face on the rivers is level ; back of them, undulating. Wa- tered by Wabash r. and its tributaries, Salmania and Little rivers. The Wabash and Erie canal passes through the co. Capital, Huntington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,307, sheep 529, swine 1,382 ; wheat 6,427 bush, produced, Indian corn 46,702, oats 9,435, potatoes 6,589, sugar 8,518 ; 11 stores, cap. $18,000; 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,070. 1 sch. 15 scholars. Pop. 1,579. Huntington, t., Chittenden co., Vt., 20 w. Montpelier, 15 s. e. Burlington. Chartered in 1763, but not settled until 1786. ' The surface is very uneven, lying on the Green mountains, and contaimng Camel's Rump, one of its highest peaks, in its e. part. Watered by Huntington r., a branch of Onion r., which affords water power. The soil is sterile. It has 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $2,500. 7 sch. 229 scholars. Pop. 914. Huntington, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 17 w. New Haven, 49 s. w. Hartford, 298 W. Incor- porated in 1789. The surface is uneven, and the soil iertile, adapted to grain. The v. contains 1 Congregational and 1 Episcopal church. The t. contains 6 churches — 2 Congregational, 2 Epis- copal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. Housatonic r. runs on the e. border of the t., and is here crossed by 2 bridges. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,000; 2 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,700. 5 sch. 103 scholars. Pop. 1,326. Huntington, p t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 189 s. by e. Albany, 269 W. It extends across Long Island, in its widest part. The surface is hilly on the N., level on the s. The soil is various, it has several bays setting up from Long Island sound, and is drained by small streams, flowing into Great South bay on the s. The v., situated at the head of Huntington harbor, a branch of Huntmgton bay, contains 3 churches— 1 Presby- terian, 1 lOpiscopal, and 1 IJniversalist— an acad- emy, several stores, a wind m., 50 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. It has a fine harbor. Ihere are in the t. 30 stores, cap. $110,200; 7 lumber yards, cap. $10,200 ; 2 fulling m., 2 wool- len lac 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 flouring m., 9 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $120,410. 1 acad. 83 students, 31 sch. 1,354 scholars. Pop. 6,562. Huntington, p-t., Lorain co., O., 20 s. w. Elyria, 95 n. n. e. Columbus, 376 W. Watered by the w. branch of Black r. It has 2 sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 713. Huntington, t.. Brown co., O. Ohio r. runs on its s. border, and it contains the v. of Aber- deen. The first settlement in the co. was made in this t. in 1795. It has 1 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 2,362. Huntington, t., Gallia co., O. Watered by Racoon cr., and contains the v. of Vinton. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,500. Pop. 971. Huntington, t., Ross co., O. The soil is fertile, and well cultivated. Pop. 1,169. Huntington, p-v., Laurens dist., S. C, 82 n. w. Columbia, 484 W. Huntington, p v., capital, Huntington co., la., 105 N. N. E. Indianapolis, 570 W. It is situ- ated on the N. side of the Wabash r., and con- tains a court house, jail, and several dwellings. Huntington B.\y, Hempstead t., Suffolk co., N. Y., sets up from Long Island sound, between Eaton's and Lloyd's Neck. It is a safe harbor, and abounds with shell and other fish, and wild fowl. Huntingtown, p-v., Calvert co., Md., 42 s. vv. Annapolis, 72 W. HuNTSBURG, p-t., Geauga co., O., 175 n. e. Columbus, 334 W. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $400. 1 sch. 24 scholars. Pop. 911. Hunt's Cros.s Roads, p-o., Randolph co., la., 84 E. N. E. Indianapolis, 515 W. Hunt's Fork, p o., David.son co., N. C. Hunt's Hollow, p-v.. Portage t., Alleghany CO., N. Y., 258 w. Albany, 353 W. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 1 store, and 30 or 35 dwellings. Hunt's Store, p-o., Guilford co., N. C., 98 w. N. W.Raleigh, 319 W. Huntsville, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa., 126 n. e. Harrisburg, 237 W. Huntsville, p-v.. Liberty t., Butler co., C, 95 w. s. w. Columbus, 479 W. Huntsville, p-v., Surry co., N. C, 138 w. n. w. Raleigh, 339 W. Situated on the w. side of Yadkin r. Huntsville, p-v., Laurens dist., S. C, 56 n. w. Columbia, 510 W. Huntsville, p-v., capital of Madison co., Ala., 153 N. N. E. Tuscaloosa, 708 W. Situated 10 ms. N. of Tennessee river. It contains a fine court house, bank, market house, U. S. land office, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Cum- berland Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Method- ist — 1 academy, 1 seminary, 18 stores, and 2,496 inhabitants. The court house is of Grecian archi- tecture, and cost $45,000. The bank is of hewn stone, with an Ionic portico, and cost $S0,000. The houses are neat, and many of them elegant. There is a macadamized road to Tennessee r Huntsville, p-v., Schuyler co.. 111., 80 w. n. N. Springfield, 85S W. Huntsville, p-v., capital of Randolph co.. Mo., 78 N. N. w. Jeffenson city, 961 W. It is sit- uated on the E. side of E. Chariton r. Huntsville, p-v., Paulding co., Ga., 136 w. N. w. Milledgeville, 661 W. Huntsville, p-v., capital of Madi-son co.. Ark., 175 N. w. Little Rock, 1,183 W. It is situ- ated on the s. side of the War Eagle branch of White r. Hurley, p-t., Ulster co., N. Y., 60 s. s. w Al- HUR 289 HYN bany, 319 W. The surface is hilly; soil, a fer- tile calcareous loam. Drained by E^opus creek. The v., on Esopus cr., contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist — 1 store, and 30 or 33 dwellings. The t. has 5 stores, cap. $15,000; 1 woollen fac, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $41,(550. 6 sch. 447 schol- ars. Pop. 2,21)1. Hurl Gate. (See Hell Gate.) Huron Lake, one of the 5 great lakes of North America, lies on the boundary between the United States and Canada, and may be regarded as 218 miles long, and 180 broad, though its irregular form renders it difficult to determine this with much precision. It receives the waters of Lake Superior through the Straits of St. 3Liry, and of Lake Michigan through the Straits of Michiii- mackinac, and discharges its waters into Lake Erie through St. Clair r. and lake and Detroit r. The Manitoulin Islands stretch across its n. part, from e. to w., and one of them, the Grand Manilou, is 80 ms. long. This lake, though very deep, is generally shallow near its shores. It has some fine harbors. Huron, r., O., rises in Richland co., and flows through Huron and Erie counties into Lake Erie, at Huron. It is navigable, by a crooked chan- nel, 6 or 7 miles from its mouth. A canal is con- structed along this r., from Milan to the head of navigation. Huron, r., Mich., rises in Oakland and Liv- ingston counties, and enters Lake Erie a few ms. below the mouth of Detroit r. This r. and its branches afford extensive water power. Its length is about 90 ms. Huron, county, O. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 800 .sq. ms. Watered by Huron and Vermilion rivers, and their branches. The soil is fertile, and well cultivated. Capital, Norwalk. There were in 1840, neat cattle 23,595, sheep 28,132, swine 31,3S3 ; wheat 164,056 bush, produced, rye 2,501, Indian corn 163,293, buckwheat 5,446, oats 148,669, potatoes 147,328, silk cocoons 1,039 pounds ; 5 commission houses, cap. $23,000 ; 36 stores, cap. $235,300 ; 6 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, 3 distil- leries, 2 potteries, 3 flouring m., 11 grist m., 41 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $207,401). 146 sch. 5,1 19 schol- ars. Pop. 23,933. Huron, county, Mich. Situated on the point of land between Lake Huron and Saginaw bay. Surface low, and in many places swampy. Un- organized. Huron, p-t., Wayne co., N. Y., 183 w. by n. Albany, 363 W. The surface is level ; soil, gravelly and sandy loam. Lake Ontario bounds it on the n., from which East bay. Port bay, and Sodus bay, set up. It contains the villages of Huron and Port Glasgow. It has 4 stores, cap. $1,20[) ; 1 fulling m., 13 saw m., 8 sch. 574 schol- ars. Pop. 1,943. Huron, p-t., Erie county, Ohio, 111 n. by E. Columbus, 399 W. The v. is situated at the mouth of Huron r., on Lake Erie, where is a good harbor. It contains 15 stores, 8 or 10 warehouses, and about 250 dwelling,s, and 1,000 inhabitants. There are in tlie t. 5 commission houses, cap. $35,000; 12 stores, cap. $15,000; 1 printing of- fice, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 2 sch. 64 scholars. Pop. 1.4S8. riuRON, pt., Wayne co., Mich., 29 s. w. De- troit, 509 W. It has 2 sch. 1 1 1 scholars. Pop. 317. Hurricane, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C., 105 N. w. Columbia, 464 VV. HiniRicANE, po., Humphreys co., Tenn., 82 w. by s. Nashville 766 W 37 Hurricane, p-o., Montgomery co., 111., 69 s Springfield, 753 W. Hurricane, p-o., Grant co., Wis., 127 w. Mad- ison, 917 W. Hurricane Shoals, p-o., Jackson co., Ga., 97 w. N. w. Milledgevillc, 62S W. Hurts Cross Roads, po., Maury co., Tenn., 34 s. by w. Nashville, 711 W. Huston, t.. Centre co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 2 furnaces, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 2 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 557. lIusTONViLLE, p-v., Lincoln co., Ky., 53 s. s. E. Frankfort, 567 W. Hutsonville, p-v., Crawford co., 111., 147s. e. Springfield, 631 W. HuTTOWiLLE, p-o., Randolph co. Va., 195 n. w. Richmond, 222 W. HvANMS, p-v., Barnstable t., Barnstable co., Mass., 77 s. e Boston, 478 W. Situated 5 s. E. Barnstable court house, and contains 1 Baptist and 1 Universalist church. Hyannis Port, p-o., Barnstable t., Barnstable CO., Mass., 79 s. e. Boston, 480 W. Here is a good harbor, with a breakwater, constructed by the United States. Hyattstown, p-v., Montgomery, co., Md., 72 w.by N. Annapolis, 32 W. Hyattsville, p-v., Monroe t., Miami co., O., 82 w. Columbus, 475 W. Situated near the Mi- ami canal, and contains 2 stores, and about 100 inhabitants. Hyco, p-o., Halifax co., Va. Hyde, county, N. C. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 800 .sq. ms. It has Pamlico sound on the s. e. Surface low, with extensive marshes. Capital, Lake Landing. There were in 1810, neat cattle 6,411, sheep 4,835, swine 1,629; wheat 2 1,055 bush, prod uceo, Ind. corn 231,837, oats 18,737, potatoes 56,506, cotton 45,830 pounds ; 17 stores, cap. $63,000 ; 7 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. §10,500. 5 sch. 133 scholars. Pop. whites 4,009, slaves 2,198, free col'd 251 ; total, 6,453. Hyde Park, p-t., capital of Lamoille co., Vt., 31^ N. Montpelier, 545 W. Chartered in 1781. Watered by Lamoille r. and its branches, which affijrd good water power. The soil is fertile, and easily cultivated. The v. contains a court house, jail, and a number of dwellings. It has 2 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 7 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, $3,560. 11 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 1,030. Hyde Park, p-t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 66 s. Albany, 305 VV. The surface is uneven ; soil, gravelly loam and clay. Hudson r. bounds it on the w., and the soil along the r. is fertile. Drain- ed by Crum Elbow cr. There are some delight- ful residences along the borders of the Hudson. The V. is on the e. side of Hudson r., and con- tains 3 churches — 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episco- pal, 1 Methodist — 5 stores, 1 warehouse, 1 grist m., 1 plaster in. It has 2 commodious steamboat landings, from which boats and barges ply to N. York, and a horse ferry-boat, which plies across the r. There are in the t., 2 stores, cap. $5,800 ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manulac. $27,20ti. 2 sch. 57 scholars Pop. 2,364. Hyde Park, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa., 144 n. e. Harrisburg, 248 W. Hvn!:sBURG. p-v., Ralls co.. Mo., 108 n. n. e. Jefferson city, 919 W. Hyde Settlement, p-o.. Barker t., Broome CO., N. v., 134 w. s. w. Albany, 310 W. Hydraulic Mills, p-o., Albemarle co., Va^ 90 w. n. w. Richmond,- 126 W. Hynd-sville, p-o., Seward t., Schoharie co. N. Y., 44 w. Albany, 491 W. ILL 290 ILL I. Iberia, p-v., Washington t., Marion co., O., 54 N. Columbus, 399 W. It contains 2 stores and several dwellings. Iberia, p-v.. Miller co.. Mo., 50 s. w. Jefferson city, 986 W. Situated 2 ms. w. of Tavern cr. Iberville, outlet of Mississippi r., leaves the Mississippi 14 ms. below Baton Rouge, and 20 ms. below, is joined by, and lost in Amite r. It receives water from the Mississippi only at high flood. Iberville, parkh. La. Centrally situated in the lower part of the state, and contains 35l) sq. ms The surface is level, the borders of tlie streams only being sufficiently elevated for cul- tivation, where the soil is very ferlile. Capital, Plaquemine. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,901, sheep 3,9-*8, swine 4,638 ; Ind. corn 209,240, bush, prod., potatoes 30,924, cotton 3,552,000 lbs., sugar 3,728,C0 J ; 17 store.?, cap. $d4,8J0; 1 acad. 12 students, 5 sell. 133 scholars. Pop. whites 2,523, slaves 5,837, free col'd 85 ; total, 8,495. Iberville, p-v., Iberville par.. La., 92 w. n. w. New Orleans, 1,192 W. Ices Ferry, p-o., Monongalia co., Va. IcKESBURG, p-v., Perry co.. Pa., 40 n. w. Har- risburg, 128 W. Ida, p-o., Tipton co., Tenn., 180 w. by s. Nash- ville, 865 W. I0A, t., Monroe co., Mich. It has 2 sch. 52 scholars. Pop. 251. Ijamsville, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 71 n. w. Annapolis, 51 W. Imlaytown, p-v.. Upper Freehold t., Mon- mouth, CO., N. J., 16 E. Trenton, 182 W. It con- tains 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery, and about 15 dwellings. Illinoks, r., 111., is formed by the Union of Kankakee and Des Plaines rivers, and at Ottawa, receives Fox r., and proceeding in a general s. w. and s. direction, about 400 ins. by the windings of the r., unites with the Mississippi in 38° 58' 23" N. lat., and 90° 18' w. Ion., 20 ms. above the en- ' trance of the Missouri. It is 400 yards wide at its mouth. Above the entrance of Vermilion r. it is obstructed by rapids ; but below this point the current is gentle, and navigable for steamboats, throughout the year. From this point, a canal is in progress to Cliicago, a distance, including 5? ms. in Chicago r., and a feeder 4 ms. from Fox r., of 106 ms. It is 6 feet deep, and 60 feet wide at top ; and is estimated to cost $8,654,337. This is one of the most important canals in the coun- try. Illinois, river, Ind. ter., rises in Benton and Washington counties. Ark., and passing into the Indian ter., runs southwardly into Arkansas r., 4 ms. above tlie entrance of Canadian r. A few ms. from the mouth of the Illinois are salt springs, on its borders. ILLINOIS. Illinois, one of the Western United States, is bounded n. by Wisconsin ter. ; e. by Lake Mich- igan and Indiana ; s. by the Ohio river, which separates it from Kentucky ; and w. by Missouri, and Iowa ter., from which it is separated by the Mississippi river. It is between 37° and 42° 30' N. lat., and between 87° 17' and 91° 50' w. Ion., and between 10° 20' and 14° 21' w. Ion. from W. It is 350 ms. long by 180 broad, containing 50,000 square miles, or 32,000,000 acres. The popula- tion in 1810 was 12,232; in 1820, 55,211 ; in 1830, 157,575; in 1840, 476,183; of which 255,235 were white males ; 217,019 do. females ; 1,876 were colored males ; l,722do. females. Employed in agriculture, 105,337 ; in commerce, 2,506 ; in manufactures and trades, 13,185 ; in mining, 782 ; navigating the ocean, 63 ; do. lakes, rivers, and canals, 310 ; learned professions, 2,021. This state is divided into 87 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, were as follows : — Adams, 14,476, Quincy; Ale.xander, 3,313, Unity ; Bond, 5,060, Greenville; BooNE, 1,705, Belvidere ; Brown, 4,183, Mount Sterling; Bureau, 3,067, Princeton ; Calhoun, 1,741, Gilead ; Carroll, 1,023, Savannah; Cass, 2,931, Virginia; Champaign, 1,475, Urbana ; Christian, 1,878, Edinburg ; Clarke, 7,453, Marshall ; Clay, 3,223, Lewisville ; Clinton, 3,718, Carlyle; Coles, 9,616, Charleston; Cook, 10,201, Chicago; Crawford, 4,422, Palestine; De Kalb, 1,697, Sycamore ; De Witt, 3,247, Clinton; Du Page, 3,535, Napierville ; Edgar, 8,225, Paris; Edwards, 3,070, Albion; Effingham, 1,675, Ewington; Fayette, 6,323, Vandalia ; Frankli.n, 3,632, Benton; Fulton, 13,142, Lewiston; Gallatin, 10,760, EquaUty ; Greene, 11,951, Carrollton ; Hamilton, 3,945, McLeansboro' ; Hancock, 9,946, Carthage ; Hardin, 1,378, Elizabethtown ; Henry, 1,260, Morristown ; iRoauois, 1,695, Montgomery ; Jackson, 3,566, Brownsville ; Jasper, 1,472, Newton ; Jefferson, 5,762, Mt. Vernon ; Jersey, 4,535, Jerseyville ; Jo-Daviess, 6,180, Galena; Johnson, 3,626, Vienna ; Kane, 6,501, Geneva; Kno.x, 7,060, Knox- ville ; Lake. 2,634, Little Fort; La Salle, 9,348, Ottawa; Lawrence, 7,092, Lawrenceville; Lee, 2,035, Dixon ; I scholars. Pop. 1,020. Jackson, t., Lebanon co.. Pa., 7 e. Lebanon. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam. Drained by Tulpehocken cr. and Swatara cr. Union canal crosses it from w. to E. It ha.s 4 stores, cap. $16,500 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $5,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 3 grist m., 1 saw m. ( 'ap. in manufac. $17,238. 1 acad. 42 students, 2 sch. Ill scholars. Pop. 2,598. Jackson, t., Tioga co., Pa. The surface is iiilly ; soil, gravel and loam. Drained by Sec- JAC 306 •TAG ly's and Mill creeks. It has 4 stores, cap. $1,400 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 26 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $26,900. 6 sch. 326 scholars. Pop. 1,123. Jackson, t., Cambria co., Pa. Tlie surface is rolling; soil, clay and calcareous loam. It has 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,700. 5 sch. 100 scholare. Pop. 623. Jackson, p-v., Lick t., capital of Jackson co., O., 28 s. E. Chilicolhe, 63 s. s. e. Columbus, 377 W. Organized in 1817. It contains a brick court house, jail, 6 stores, 2 tanneries, 1 carding ma- chine, and about 50 dwellings. The post-office is called Jackson C. II. Jackson, t., Montgomery co., O. It has 8 sch. 444 scholars. Pop. IfiSS. Jackson, t., Wayne co., O. Pop. 16. Jackson, t., Mu.skingum co., O. It has 4 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. 960. Jackson, t.. Union co., O. It has 2 sch. 65 scholars. Pop. 352. Jackson, t., Starke co., O. It has 3 sch. 33 scholars. Pop. 1,547. Jackson, t., Wood co., O. Pop. 25. Jackson, t., Trumbull co., O. It has 9 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 1,124. Jackson, t., Allen co., O. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 569. Jackson, t., Shelby co., O. Pop. 478. Jackson, t.. Brown co., O. It has 2 sch. 110 scholars. Pop. 1,253. Jackson, t., Champaign co., O. The soil is fertile, and well cultivated. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,500; 1 tannery, 5 saw m., 8 sch. 98 scholars. Pop. 1,431. Jackson, t., Clermont co., O. It has 1 sch. 18 scholars. Pop. Si'S. Jackson, t., Seneca co., O. It has cap. in man- ufac. $90. 4 sch. 98 scholars. Pop. 5j6. Jackson, t., Coshocton co., O. Situated on the w. side of Muskingum r. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000; 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 1,896. Jackson, i., Crawford co., O. It has 6 sch. 286 scholars. Pop. 654. Jackson, t., Franklin co., O. Situated on the w. side of Scioto r. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 784. Jackson, t., Darke co., O. Pop. 303. Jackson, t., Guernsey co., O. Pop. 1,153. Jackson, t., Hancock co., O. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. 6 sch. 198 scholars. Pop. 630. Jackson, t., Hardin co., O. It has 1 sch. 47 scholars. Pop. 260. Jackson, t.. Highland co., O. It has 9 sch. 477 scholars. Pop. 2,352. Jackson, t., Hocking co., O. It has 1 sch. 22 scholars. Pop. 472. Jackson, t., Jackson co., O. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $650. Pop. 297. Jackson, t., Knox co., O. Watered by Waka- tomica or. It has 6 sch. 284 scholars. Pop. 994. Jackson, t., Morgan co., O. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 7 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 920. Jackson, t.. Perry co., O. It has 9 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 1,700. Jackson, t., Pickaway co., O. It has 1 flour- '"n ra-> 1 grist m., 3 saw m. t"ap. in manufac. $2,800. 5 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 993. Jackson, t., Pike co., O. It has 4 stores, cap. &i6,000 ; 1 llourmg m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $980. Pop. 1,094. Jackso.n t.. Brown co., la. It has 1 sch. 24 scholars. Pop. Jackson, t.. Clay co., la. It has 2 distilleries, 3 grist m. Cap. m manufac. $2,125. 2 sch. 82 scholars. Pop 918. ■Jackson, t., Dearborn co., la. It has 3 stores? cap. $3,300 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 distille- ries, 2 grist m., 3 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $1,600. 5 sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 1,007. Jackson, t., Fayette co., la. It has 1 sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 1,185. Jackson, t., Fountain co., la. Pop. 960. Jackson, t., Hancock co., la. It has 4 stores, cap. $4,200. Cap. in manufac. $100. 3 sch. 51 scholars. Pop. 1,142. Jackson, t.. Orange co., la. It has 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 529. Jackson, t., Owen co., la. It has 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 594. Jackson, t., Putnam co., la. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 1 flouring m., 2 grist ra., 2 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 923. Jack.son, t., Randolph co., la. It has 1 store, cap. $1,800; 1 tannery, 1 grist m. Pop. 591. Jackson, t., Ripley co., la. It has 1 sch. 24 scholars. Pop. 4,936. Jackson, t.. Rush co., la. It has 3 sch. 77 scholars. Pop. 914. Jackson, t., Shelby co., la. It has 1 store, cap. .$1,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 1,511. Jackson, t., Steuben co., la. It has 3 sch. Ill scholars. Pop. 397. Jackson, t., Tippecanoe co., la. It has 2 sch- 55 scholars. Pop. 451. Jackson, t., Washington co., la. It has 9 stores, cap. $11,000; 3 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 6 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,000. 5 sch. Ill scholars. Pop. 2,463. Jackson, t., Wayne co., la. It has 2 acad. 110 students, 3 sch. 367 scholars. Pop. 3,403. Jackson, p-t., capital Jackson co., Mich., 79 w. Detroit, 549 W. The v. is situated on the e. bank of Grand r., which affords water power. It contains a court house, jail, the state penitentia- ry, 1 church, 5 stores, a branch of the University, 2 saw m., 1 flouring m., 1 furnace, and a tannery. There are in the t. 23 stores, cap. ,$90,200 ; 1 dis- tillery, 1 brewery, 3 printing oflices, 3 daily news- papers, 1 flouring m., 5 saw m. Cap. hi manufac. $42,700. 1 acad. 85 students, 9 sch. 338 scholars. Pop. 2,773. Jackson, p-o., Louisa co., Va., 41 n. w. Rich- mond, 97 W. Jackson, p-v., Northampton co., N. C, 108 n. E. Raleigh, 211 W. Jackson, p-v., capital of Butts co., Ga., 67 w. Milledgevillfe, 664 W. Situated a few miles w. of the Oconee r. It has a court house, jail, an academy, 1 Methodist and 1 Presbyterian church, and 9 stores. Jackson, p-v., Clark co., Ala., 159 s. Tuscaloo- sa, 959 W. Jackson, p-v., Elkhart co., la., 146 n. Indian- apolis, 610 W. Jackson, pv., capital of Hinds co. and of tlie state of Mississippi, 1,010 miles s. w. Washing- ton, D. C. It is situated on the w. bank of Pearl r., which is navigable for boats to this place. It is built on a level spot, is half a mile .square, reg- ularly laid out, and a quarter of a mile from Pearl r. It contains an elegant state house, which cost $600,00;), a governor's house, a penitentiary, a large and well-finished building, a United Stales land office, 2 churches — 1 Baptist and 1 Method- ist — a bank, 3 printing offices, issuing newspa- pers, a steam saw mill, 3 schools, 30 stores, and 2,100 inhabitants. A railroad 45 miles long con- nects Jackson with Vicksburg, and is continued east 14 milss to Brandon. Jackson, p-v., East Fehciana par., La., 124 n. .TAG 307 .TAG w. INevv Orleans, l,li'i W. .Situated on the e. side of Thompson's cr. It contains Louisiana college, founded in 1825, has a president and 9 professors or otiier instructors, 18 alumni, 100 students, and 1,850 vols, in its libraries. The commencement is on the first Wednesday in June. It has 3 acad. 223 students, 2 sch. 39 scholars. Pop. 932. J.\CKsox, p-v., capital of Madison co., Tenn., 134 w. s. w. Nashville, 819 W. Situated on the N. side of Forked Ueer r. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churches, 10 stores, and about 1,200 inhabitants. Jackson, p-v., capital of Cape Girardeau co.. Mo., 196 s. E. Jefferson City, 866 W. Situated on a branch of Whitewater r., 10 ms. w. of the Mississippi r. It contains a court house, jail, a U. 8. land office, several stores, and about 800 inhabitants. J.\oKsoN, t., Johnson co., Mo. It has 3 sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 1,566. jACKsofj, t., Livingston co.. Mo. Pop. 593. Jackson, t., Macon co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 28 scholars. Pop. 373. Jackson, t., Monroe co., Mo. It has 3 acad. 125 students, 5 sch. 132 scholars. Pop. 2,905. Jackson, t., Polk co., Mo. Pop. 1,035. Jackson, t., St. Genevieve co.. Mo. It has 2 sch. 42 scholars. Pop. 302. Jackson, t., Taney co.. Mo. Pop. 687. Jackson, t., Clarke co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 659. Jackson, p-v., Lawrence co.. Ark., 140 n. e Little Rock, 997 W. Situated 3 ms. n. of Spring r. It contains about 150 inhabitants. Jackson, t., Carroll co.. Ark. It has 1 distiUe- ry, 1 grist m., 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 281. Jackson, t., Sevier co.. Ark. It has 1 store, cap. $4,100 ; 1 distillery, 2 grist ra., 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 383. Jackson, t., Monroe co., Ark. It has 1 sch. 16 scholars. Pop. 167. Jackson, t., Union co.. Ark. Pop. 520. Jacksonborough, p-v., Maryland t., Otsego CO., N. Y., 62 w. Albany, 366 W. It contains 2 churches, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 cloth- iers' works, 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 gun fac, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Jackso.nborough, p-v., Wayne t., Butler co., O., 91 w. s. w. Columbus, 484 W. Jacksonborough, p-v., capital of Scriven co., Ga., 116 E. s. E. Milledgeville, 637 W. Situated on the w. side of Brier cr. It has a court house, jail, Methodist church, and about 15 dwellings. Jackson Brook, po., Washington co., Me., 241 E. N. E. Augusta, 829 W. Jacksonburg, p-o., Herkimer co., N. Y., 73 n. w. Albany, 390 W. Jacksonburg, p-v., Wayne co., la., 57 e. In- dianapolis, 516 VV. Pop. about 100. Jackson Cor.ners, p-o., Milan t, Dutchess CO., N. Y., 49 s. Albany, 327 W. Jackson, C. H., p-v., capital of Jackson co., Va., 336 w. N. w. Richmond, 335 W. It con- tains a court house, a store, and a few dwellings. Jackson, C. H., p-v., capital of Jackson co., Miss., 235 s. E. from the capital of the state, and 1,053 W. It contains a court house, 1 store, and a few dwellings. Jackson's Cross Roads, p-o., Erie co.. Pa., 264 n. w. Harrisburg, 337 W. Jackson Grove, p-o., Fulton co., 111., 61 n. w. Springfield, 827 W. Jackson Hall, p-o., Franklin co., Pa., 51 w. g. w. Harrisburg, 89 W. Jacksonham, p-v., Lancaster dist., S. C, 80 n. N. E. Columbia, 427 W. | Jackson Hill, p-o., Davidson co., N. C, 132 w. Raleigh, 378 W. Jackson Creek, p-o., Fairfield dist., S. C, 31 N. Columbia, 497 W. Jack.son's Ferry, p-o., Wythe co., Va., 244 w by s. Richmond, 312 W. Jackson's Mills, p-o., Monmouth co., N. J., 31 E. Trenton, 497 W. Jackson's Prairie, p-o., Steuben co., la., 182 N. n. e. Indianapolis, 557 W. Jackson, r., Va., rises in Warm Spring moun- tains, and flowing s. w., is joined by Cowpasture r., which together form James r. P'alling Springs, one of its head branches, has a perpendicular fall of 200 feet. Jacksontown, p-v.. Licking t.. Licking co., O., 31 N. e. Columbus, 362 W. Situated on the na- tional road, and contains 1 church, 3 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Jacksonville, p-v., Windham co., Vt., 142 s. Montpelier, 423 W. Jacksonville, p-v., Ulysses t., Tompldns co., N. Y., 170 w. by s. Albany, 303 W. It contains 1 Methodist church, 1 store, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. Jacksonville, p-o., Burlington co., N. J., 15 s. Trenton, 160 W. Jacksonville, p-v., Lehigh co.. Pa., 89 e. n. E. Harrisburg, 183 W. Jacksonville, p-o., in the village o-f Eliza- bethtown, Wood co., Va., 325 \v. n. w. Rich- mond, 304 W. (See Elizabethtowii.) Jacksonville, p-v., Sumpter dist., S. C, 91 E. Columbia, 529 W. Jacksonville, p-v., capital of Telfair co., Ga.^ 115 s. Milledgeville, 762 W. Situated on the N. bank of Ocmulgee r. It contains a court house, jail, several stores, and about 30 dwellings. Jacksonville, p-v., DuvqiU co., Flor., 252 e. Tallahassee, 801 W. Situated on the n. w. side of St. John's r. It contains a court house, jail, a church, an academy, and several dwcUings. Jacksonville, p-v., capital of Benton co., Ala., 139 E. N. E. Tuscaloosa, 717 W. Situated 2 ms. E. Tallasseehatchee cr. It contains a court house, and a few dwellings. Jacksonville, p-v., Wayne t., Darke co., O., 94 w. Columbus, 485 W. Jacksonville, p-v., Switzerland co., la., Ill s. E. Indianapolis, 550 W. Jacksonville, p-v., capital of Morgan co., 111., 33 w. Springfield, 813 W. It is one of the largest inland towns of the state, situated in the midst of a fine prairie, which is rich, and well culti- vated. It has 24 stores, numerous mechanic shops, 1 steam flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 cotton yarn fac, 1 distillery, 2 oil m., 2 carding ma- chines, and 1 tannery. The public buildings and institutions are a brick court house, jail, 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 Epis- copal, 1 Congregationalist — a lyceum, a mechan- ics' association, a male and female academy, and a brick market house. Here is situated Illi- nois college, founded in 1829. It has a presi- dent, 4 professors or instructors, 42 students, and 2,000 vols, in its libraries. The commencement is on the third Wednesday in September. Jacks Reef, p-o., Elbridge t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 150 w. by N. Albany,''354 W. Jacobsburg, p-v., Bushliill t., Northampton co., Pa., 106 E. N. E. Harrisburg, 119 W. It contains 1 store, a furnace, a grist m., and 6 or 8 dwellings. Jacobsburg, p-v.. Smith t., Belmont co., O., 126 E. by N. Columbus, 2S7 W. It contains 1 church, 2 stores, 35 dwellings, and about 175 in- habitants. Jacob's Creek, p-o., Westmoreland co., Pa.» JAM 308 JAM 175 vv. Harrisburg, 201 W. The cr. is a tributary of the Youghiogheny r., and forms the s. bound- ary of the CO. Jaffrev, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 48 s. w. by s. Concord, 449 W. Grand 3Ionadnock lies partly in the n. w. part of the t. Tlie surface is uneven ; soil, fertile, well adapted to grazing. Drained on the e. by branches of the ContoocooU r., wliich flows into the Merrirnac ; and on the w. by branches of Ashuelot r., which flows into the Connecticut r. It has a mineral spring. Incor- porated in 1772. It lias 3 stores, cap. §13,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 5 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,100. 1 acad. 40 students, 11 sch. 464 scliolars. Pop. 1,411. Jakes Prairie, p-o., Gasconade co., Mo., 61 s. E. Jefferson city, {)'J5 W. Ja.maica, p-t., Windliam co., Vt., 127 s. Mont- pelier, 449 W. The .'surface is uneven ; soil, fer- tile. Watered by West r., and its tributary. Bald Mountain brook, which afford water power. The V. contains 2 churches, 1 store, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 fulling m., 2 carding machines, and 1 trip-hammer shop, on Bald Mountain brook. Good limestone is found in the t. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,100. 13 sch. 542 scholars. Pop. 1,586. Jamaica, p-t.. Queens co., N. Y., 12 E. New York, 158 s. Albany, 238 W. The surface is level, except the range of hills on the n., which pass through Long Lsland. The soil is a produc- tive sandy loam. On the s. are extensive salt meadows. The Union race-course is in the t. The v., situated on the Long Island railroad, was incorporated in 1814, and contains the comity clerk's and surrogate's offices, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Methodist, and 1 African — Union Hall academy, a female seminary, 12 stores, 1 wind m., 1 piano forte fac, 3 carriage fac, 1 lock fac, and 2 print- ing offices, and an extensive establishment for the purposes of the railroad. There are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $39,250 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $4,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly news- papers, 5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac $18,350. i acad. 60 students, 7 sch. 394 scholars. Pop. 3,781. Jamaica, p-o., Middlesex co., Va., 74 e. Rich- mond, 136 W. Jamaica Plai.\s, p-v., Roxbury t., Norfolk co., Mass., 6 s. w. Boston, 438 W. It is situated in the w. part of the t., and contains a Unitarian church and many elegant country seats. From a pond here, the Boston aqueduct is supplied. The whole aggregate length of the pipes is 40 miles. James, r.,Va., is formed by the union of Jackson's and Cowpasture rivers, in the Alleghany moun- tains. At the point where it begins to break through the Blue Ridge, it is joined by North r. It is afterwards joined by the Rivanna, from the N., and at City Point by the Appomattox, from the s., its largest branch, which is 120 ms. long, and navigable through a great part of its course. James r. is over 500 ms. long, and enters Hamp- ton Road near the mouth of Chesapeake bay. The principal places on this r. are Lynchburg, on the s. side, and Richmond, on the n. side. A 40 gun ship may go up to Jamestown, and by lightening, to Harrison's bar, wliere there is 15 feet of water. Vessels of 250 tons go up to War- wick and those of 120 tons to Rockets, just be- r ^ ";l"^""*^' ^^^ '"i^^'s from its mouth. The falls at Richmond have been obviated by a canal ; and above that, the r. is navigable for batteaux 220 miles. This r. forms the outlet of a coun- try abounding in tobacco, wheat, com, hemp, coal, &c. James, r.. Mo., runs s. s. w. through Greene and Taney counties, and enters White r. James, t., Taney co.. Mo. Pop. 164. Jame.s' Bayou, t., Scott co.. Mo. It has 1 sch, 25 scholars. Pop. 648. James' Bavou, p-o.. New Madrid co.. Mo., 284 s. E. JefTerson city, 924 W. James City, county, Va. Situated toward the E. part of the state, and contains 150 square ms. James r. runs on its s. border, and York r. on its N. E., and Chickaliominy r. on its w. border. The surface is undulating. Capital Williams- burg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,713, sheep 914, swine 4,712; wheat 17,241 bush, pro- duced, Indian corn 86,500, oats 34,765, potatoes 2,904, tobacco 8,000 pounds, cotton 6,307 pounds ; 5 stores, cap. §21,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $6,500. 1 college 140 students, 1 acad. 36 .students. 4 sch. 93 scholars. Pop. whites 1,325, slaves 1,947, free col'd 507; total, 3,779. James' Creek, p-o., Huntingdon co., Pa., 106 w. Harrisburg, 152 W. James' Cross Roads, p-o., Iredell co., N. C^ 162 w. Raleigh, 400 W. James' Mills, p-o., Monroe co.. 111., 122 s. by w. Springfield, 835 W. James' River, p-o., Bottetourt co., Va., 181 w. Richmond, 228 W. Jamestown, t., Newport co., R. I., 3 w. New- port. It comprises Canonicut, a beautiful island in Narragansett bay, 8 miles long, and 1 wide. The soil is a rich loam, adapted to grazing. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in agriculture. Two ferries connect it, one with Newport, and the other with South Kingston. Incorporated in 1743. There are in the t. 1 store, cap. $1,200 ; 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,300. 1 sch. 52 scholars. Pop. 365. Jamestown, p-v., Ellicott t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 331 w. by s. Albany, 318 W. Situated on the N. side of the outlet of Chautauque lake, which affords good water power. Incorporated in 1826. It contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Congregationalist, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — a bank, an academy, 15 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 flouring m., 3 saw m., 1 sash and lath fac, 1 pail fac, 1 chair fac, 1 cabinet fac, 1 leather fac, 1 iron foundry and plough fac, and 1 carding and cloth dressing works. A steamboat plies daily through Chautauque lake from this place to May- ville, 21 Ills. Jamestown, p-v., Mercer co.. Pa., 251 v/. n. w. Harrisburg, 298 W. Jamestown, p-v.. Prince Edward co., Va., 69 w. s. w. Richmond, 167 W. Situated on Appo- mattox r. It contains 1 church, Iree to all denomi- nations, 2 stores, and several dwellings. Jamestown, James City co., Va., 8 s. w. Wil- liamsburg, 65 e. s. e. Richmond. This was the first English settlement made in the United States, having been founded 'in 1608. It was situated near the n. side of James r., on a point of land projecting into James r., 32 ms. above its mouth. It is now in ruins, containing 2 or 3 old houses, the ruins of an old church steeple and grave yard, and of ancient fortifications. Jamestown, p-v., Guilford co., N. C, 93 w. by N. Raleigh, 314 W. Situated on the w. side of Deep r. Jamestown, p-v., Sumter co., Ala., 57 s. w. Tuscaloosa, 875 W. Situated on the w. side of Tombigbee r. Jamestown, p-v., capital of Fentress co., Tenn., 124 e. by n. Nashville, 580 W. Situated on the side of Cumberland mountain, between JAS 309 JAY the waters of s. fork of Cumberland and Obid's rivers. It contains a court house and several dwellings. Jamestown, p v., capital of Russell co., Ky., 99 s. Frankfort, 613 W. Situated 4 ms. n. of the Cumberland r. It has a brick court house, and 180 inhabitants. Jamestown, p-v.. Silver Creek t., Greene co., O., 64 w. s. w. Columbus, 449 VV. It contains 3 brick churches, a steam grist and sawm., a card- ing machine, moved by horse power, a saw m., by water power, 40 dwellings, and about 250 in- habitants. Jamestown, p-v., Boone co., la., 2-! n. w. In- dianapolis, 599 W. It contains 1 store, and about 150 inhabitants. Jamestown, p-v., Sangamon co., 111., 15 Spring- field, 765 W. Jamestown, p-v.. Grant co.,Wis., 108 w. 3Iad- ison, 8^'8 W. Ja.mestown, p-v., Andrew co.. Mo. Situated 4 ms. N. of Missouri r. It has about 50 inhabit- ants. Jamesville, p-v., De Witt t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 127 w. by n. Albany, 34S W. It contains 4 churches, 3 stores, 2 flouring m., 1 saw m., 2 plaster m., 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 50 dwellings, and 300 inhabitants. Jamesville, p-v., Southampton co., Va. Jamesville, p-v., Cherokee co., N. C, 351 w. hy s. Raleigh, 58 1 W. Situated on the s. side of Valley r. Janesville, p-v.. Rock co.. Wis., 41 e. s. e. Madison, 806 W. Jarrett's, p-o., Sussex co., Va., 52 s. by e. Richmond, 171 W. Jarrett's Ford, p-o., Kanawha co., Va., 323 w. n. w. Richmond, 348 W. Jarrettsville, po., Harford co., Md., 63 n. Annapoli.s, 73 W. Jarvis Gore, t., Penobscot co.. Me. It has 1 saw mill. Cap. in manufac. $500. 90 scholars in schools. Pop. 185. Jasper, county, Ga. Situated near the centre of the state, and contains 430 sq. miles. Watered by branches of Oconee r. Capital, Monticello. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,986, sheep 3,173, swme 18,283; wheat 35,436 bushels pro duced, Ind. corn 443,903, oats 20,362, potatoes 5,270, cotton 5,058,630 pounds ; 13 stores, cap. $39,660 ; 2 tanneries, 12 distilleries, 19 brewer- ies, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,528. 5 acad. 257 students. 8 sch. 233 scholars. Pop. whites 4,921, slaves 6,155, freecol'd35; total, 11,111. Jasper, county. Miss. Situated s. E. of the centre of the state, and contains 650 square ms. Watered by branches of Leaf r. Capital, Pauld- ing. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,824, sheep 1,843, swine 14,029 ; wheat 2,550 bushels produced, Ind. corn 160.245, oats 1,514, potatoes 28,377, rice 5,612 pounds, cotton 1,180,185 ; 7 stores, cap. $50,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 4 flouring m., 4 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 printing ofHce, 1 w^eekly 7iewspaper. Cap. in manufac. $15,200. 1 acad. 4 students, 3 sch. 83 scholars. Pop whites 2,701, slaves 255, free colored 2; total, 3,958. Jasper, county, la. Situated toward the n. w part of the state, and contains 980 sq. miles. It consists mostly of prauie, interspersed with some timber. Watered by the Iroquois r., which is navigable in high water, and by Pine and Sugar crs. Capital, Rensselaer. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,711, sheep 1,541, swine 4,247 ; wheat 5,078 bush, produced, Ind. corn 47,070, oats 9,505, potatoes 3,278, tobacco 210 pounds, sugar 1,440 ; 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., l saw m., 2 oil ra. Cap. in manufac. $2,301. Pop. 1,267. Jasper, county, 111. Situated near the E. part of the state, and contains 475 sq. miles. The sur- face is level, two thirds prairie, and rather wet. Watered by Embarrass river. Capital, Newton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,519, sheep 693, swine 4,350 ; wheat 2,6iO bush, produced, Ind. corn 39,487, oats 3,490, jiotatoes 3,079, tobacco 1,700 pounds, sugar 5,470; 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,854. Pop. 1,472. Jasper, county. Mo. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 980 sq. ms. Drained by a branch of Neosho r. Surface undulating ; soil fertile. Capital, Jasper. Jasper, p-t., Sieuben co., N. Y., 18 s. w. Bath, 239 w. by s. Albany, 239 W. The surface is un- dulating ; soil, clay and gravelly loam, adapted to grazing. Drained by Bennett's and Tuscarora crs. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,320. 12 sch. 369 scholars. Pop. 1,187. Jasper, p-v., capital of Walker co., Ala. (See Walker C. H.) Jasper, p-v., Sunfish t.. Pike co., O., 66 s. Co- lumbus, 401 W. Situated on the Ohio canal, 3 ms. w. Piketon. Jasper, p-v., capital of Marion co., Tenn., 114 s. e. Nashville, 634 W. Situated on the w. side of Sequatchy r., and contains a court house and several dwellings. Jasper, p-v., capital of Hamilton co., Flor., 90 E. Tallahassee. Situated 8 ms. n. of Suwannee r. It contains a court house and a few dwellings. Jasper, t., Polk co.. Mo. Pop. 556. Jasper, p-v., capital of Dubois co., la., 124 s. s. w. Indianapolis, 655 W. Situated on the n. w. side of the Patoka cr. It contains a court house, 3 stores, and about 75 inhabitants. Jasper, pv., capital of Jasper co.. Mo., 163 s. w. Jeflferson city, 1,109 W. Situated on a branch of Neosho r. Jasper, t., Ralls co., Mo. It has 3 schools, 81 scholars. Pop. 530. Jasper, t., Newton co., Mo. Pop. 185. Java, p-t., Wyoming co., N. Y., 267 w. Albany, 352 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, clay loam, adapted to grazing. Watered by Seneca cr. and head waters of Cattaraugus cr. The v. is situated on Seneca cr., and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, and 20 dwellings. The t. contains 3 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 2 fuUing m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $10,400. 23 sch. 823 scholars. Pop. 2,331. Java Village, p-o., Java t., Wyoming co., N. Y., 271 w. Albany, 356 W. Jay, county, la. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 370 sq. ms. The soil is gene- rally fertile. Watered by Salamanie r. Capital, Portland. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,938, sheep 646, swine 7,421 ; wheat 9,703 bush, pro- duced, Ind. com 62,842, oats 5,773, potatoes 9,135, sugar 16,018 pounds; 8 stores, cap. $11,500; 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,100. 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 3,863. Jay, p-t., Franklin co.. Me., 29 w. n. w. Augus- ta, 607 VV. Situated on Androscoggin r., which bounds it on the s. The soil is fertile, and well cultivated. Incorporated in 1795. It has 3 stores, cap. $1,500 ; 2 saw m., 18 sch. 760 scholars. Pop. 1,750. Jat, p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 58 N. Montpelier, 574 W. Situated on the Canada line. It is moun- tainous in the s. w. part, and contains considera- ble good land. Watered by branches of 3Iissis- que r. It has 2 saw ra., 3 sch. 122 scholars. Pop. 308. JEF 310 JEF Jay, p-t., Essex co., N. Y., 18 n. Elizabeth, 148 N. Albany, 523 W. The surface is mountainous. Watered by a branch of Au Sable r., along which are fertile flats. The v. is situated on the e. branch of Au Sable r., and contains 1 Methodist and 1 Baptist church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 forge, 1 clothier's works, .50 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. The t. has 5 stores, cap. $26,000 ; 2 fulling m., 5 forges, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,050. 13 sch. 582 scholars. Pop. 2,258. Jay C. H., p-v., capital of Jay co., la., 100 n. e. Indianapolis, 523 W. Situated on the N. .side of Salamanie r. It has a court house, and a few dwellings. Jaynesville, p-o., Covington co.. Miss., 69 s. E. Jackson, 1,033 W. Situated on the w. side of a small branch of Leaf r. Jkanerett,s, p-o., St. Mary's par.. La., 162 w. by s. New Orleans, 1,297 W. Jefferson, county, N. Y. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 1,125 square miles. Bounded w. by Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence r. The surface is level, or gently uneven ; soil, a rich sandy loam. Watered by Black r. through the centre, Indian, Chaumout, and Perch rs. on the N., and Stony and Sandy crs. in the s. w. Capital, Watertown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 78,694, sheep 165,390, swine 60,518 ; wheat 406,721 bush, produced, rve 18,396, Indian com 445,973, buckwheat 36,641, barley 74,540, oats 447,936, potatoes 1,345,818, hops 2,905 pounds, sugar 512,254 ; 2 commission houses, cap. $5,000 ; 166 stores, cap. §549,400; 18 lumber yards, cap. $189,250; 6 furnaces, 1 forge, 1 smelting house produced 300,000 pounds of lead, 22 fulling m., 11 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 31 tanne- ries, 9 distilleries, 8 breweries, 1 rope fac, 8 flour- ing m,, 34 grist m., 109 saw m., 4 oil m., 1 paper factory, 4 printing offices, 5 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $721,249. 1 college 200 stu- dents, 2 acad. 125 .students, 292 sch. 11,548 schol- ars. Pop. 60,984. Jefferson, county. Pa. Situated toward the N. w. part of the state, and contains 1,200 sq. ms. The surface is hilly, and the soil, in tiie valleys, generally fertile. Watered by Mahoning cr., and Little and Big Sandy Lick crs., and Clarion and Toby's rivers. Iron ore and coal are abundant. Capital, Brookville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,773, sheep 7,342, swine 8,898 ; wheat 43,598 bush, produced, rye 24,467, Indian corn 23,369, buckwheat 14,501, oats 77,077, potatoes 64,110, sugar 27,067 pounds; 19 stores, capital $49,080 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 14 grist m., 68 saw m., 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $141,840, 1 acad. 25 students, 8 sch. 236 schol- ars. Pop. 7,253. Jeffkrson, county, Va. Situated in the N. E. part of the state, and contains 225 sq. ms. Bound- ed N. E, by Potomac r. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, various. Watered by Shenandoah r. and Opequan cr. Capital, Charleston. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,915, sheep 67,289, swine 72,467 ; wheat 516,969 bush, produced, rye 41,975, Indian corn 988,552, bariey 4,230, oats 71,999, potatoes 151,443 ; 57 stores, cap. $320,000 ; 2 furnaces, 3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 6 tanne- ries, 4 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 18 flour- ing m., 17 grist m., 40 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufactures, $344,300. 8 acad. 262 students, 19 sch. 475 schol- ars. Pop. whites 9,323, slaves 4,157, free colored 602 ; total, 14,082. Jefferson, county, Ga. Situated toward the E. part of the state, and contains 660 sq. miles. Ogeechee r. runs through its s. w. part, and Brier cr. runs on its n. e. border. Watered by Reedy and Mill crs., and branches of Ogeechee river. Capital, Louisville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,023, sheep 3,369, swine 16,537 ; wheat 10,301 bush, produced, rye 1,198, Indian corn 273,416, oats 4,391, potatoes 8,770, cotton 6,448,120 pounds; 13 stores, cap. $39,660; 9 grist m., 9 saw m. 1 sch. 12 scholars. Pop. whites 2,878, slaves 4,342, free col'd 35 ; total, 7,254. Jefferson, county, Flor. Situated in the cen- tral part of the ter., extending from Georgia to the Gulf of Mexico. It contains 702 sq. ms. Micka- suky lake lies on its w. part. The outlet of the lake and several other streams unite, and 2 miles s. K. of the lake, where they constitute a consider- able mill stream, they suddenly sink into the earth and disappear. The soil, in many parts, is fertile. Oscilla r. runs on its e. boundary. Capital, Mon- ticello. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,112, sheep 752, swine 9,680 ; Ind. corn 125,540 bush, produced, oats 2,015, potatoes 25,904, rice 7,300 pounds, tobacco 5,500, cotton 1,855,715, sugar 46,850 ; 9 stores, cap. $41,000 ; 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 1 acad. 90 students, 5 sch. 94 scholars. Pop. wliites 2,162, slaves 3,549, free col'd 2 ; total, 5,713. Jefferson, county, Ala. Situated a little n. of the centre of the state, and contains 1,040 sq. ms. Watered by Locust Fork of Tuscaloosa or Black Warrior r. and its branches. Capital, Ely- ton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,032, sheep 2,331, swine22,163 ; wheat 34,157bush. produced, Ind. c«m 353,721, oats 22,790, potatoes 9,311, to- bacco 4,003 pounds, cotton 790,867 ; 5 stores, cap. $13,000; 4 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 25 grist m., 11 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $2,950. 33 sch. 464 scholars. Pop. whites 5,486, slaves 4,636, free col'd 9 ; total, 7,131. Jkffkrson, county. Miss. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 630 sq. miles. Mississippi r. runs on its vv. border. Drained by Fairchilds and Coles' crs. and branches. Bayou Pierre and Homochitto rs. Toward the w., and particularly on the Mississippi, the soil is fertile ; toward the e. it is light, and covered with pines. Capital, Fayette. I'here were in 1840, neat cat- tle 15,156, sheep 7,595, swine 21,823; Ind. com 364,972 bush, produced, potatoes 30,881, rice 6,818 pounds, cotton 14,038,479; 11 stores, cap. $112,000 ; 2 tanneries, 153 grist m., 8 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $88,300. 1 acad. 40 students, 15 sch. 318 scholars. Pop. whites 2,389, slaves 9, 176, free col'd 85; total, 11,650. Jefferson, par.. La. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. The Mis- sissippi bounds it on the n., and Barrataria bay of the Gulf of Mexico on the s. Tlie land, except- ing on the margin of the streams, is generally too low for cultivation. Capital, La Fayette. 'I'here were in 1840, neat cattle 7,891, sheep 6,781, swine 2,878 ; Ind. corn 198,813 bush, produced, potatoes 82,250, rice 104,260 pounds, sugar 5,134,500; 143 slore.s, capital $64,749; 81 lumber yards, capital $110,'745 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 6 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 daily newspapers, 1 week- ly paper, 3 periodicals. Cap. in manufactures, $786,000. 1 acad. 55 students, 2 sch. 29 scholars. Pop. whites 4,866, slaves 4,986, free col'd 618 ; total, 10,470. Jefferson, county, Tenn. Situated toward the K. part of the state, and contains 356 sq. ras. Holston r. runs on its n. vv. border, and French Broad r. waters it in the s. part. The surface is uneven and rough, but it has some fertile soil. Capital, Dandridge. There were in 1«40, neat cattle 7,780, sheep 9,998, swine 27,717; wheat JEF 311 JEF 80,449 bush, prod., rye 1,(519, Jncl com 3S6,644, oats 77,967, potatoes 12,631, tobacco 10,107 pounds, cotton 10,809, sugar 4,883 ; 17 stores, cap. $86,500 ; 2 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 500 sp., 49 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 1 powder m., 1 potte- ry, 12 flouring ni., 38 grist m., 30 saw m., 3 oil m. Cap. in man\ifac. $62,272. 1 college, 80 students, 1 acad. 45 students, 13 sch. 320 scholars. Pop. whites 10,662, slaves 1,282, free col'd 132; total, 12,076. jEFFEasoN, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 504 sq. ms. The Ohio r. runs on its n. w. border. Drained by Floyd's fork and Pond cr., branches of Salt r. The rapids of the Ohio lie opposite to this cc, around which is a canal. Capital, Louisville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,716, sheep 14,971, swine 42,266; wheat 115,175 bush, prod., rye 16,969, Ind. com 665,899, barley 1,750, oats 156,092, potatoes 60,604, tobacco 75,360 pounds, sugar 3,944; 1 commercial and 11 com. houses, cap. $191,800 ; 270 stores, cap. $2,182,980 ; 3 lum- ber yards, cap. $52,000 ; 9 tanneries, 9 distilleries, 2 breweries, 1 glass fac, 2 potteries, 1 1 flouring m., 17 grist m., 17 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 7 printing offices, 2 binderies, 1 periodical, 5 dai- ly, 7 weekly, 3 semi-weeldy newspapers. Cap. in. manufao. $864,006. 1 college, 80 students, 15 acad. 452 students, 37 sch. 814 scholars. Pop. whites 26,987, slaves 8,596, free col'd 763 ; total, 36,316. Jefferson, county, O. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 396 .sq. ms. Ohio r. rims on its e. border. Drained by Cross, Short, and Yellow creeks, which afford water power. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile. Capital, Steubenville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,566, sheep 18,814, swine 11,279 ; wheat 287,486 bush, produced, rye 2,001, Ind. corn 177,459, bar- ley 2,963, oats 215,378, potatoes 50,189, sugar 1,000 pounds ; 3 com. houses, cap. $3,200 ; 62 stores, cap. $120,800; 5 lumber yards, cap. $23,000; 1 furnace, 1 fulling ra., 7 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 10,224 sp., 10 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 2 brew- ,eries, 24 flouring m., 3 grist m., 22 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly news- papers. Cap. in manufac. $330,980. 1 college, 208 students, 2 acad. 170 students, 44 sch. 2,906 scholars. Pop. 25,030. Jefferson, county, la. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 360 sq. ms. Ohio r. bounds it on the s. e. Drained by branches of Muscatatack r., by Indian Kentucky cr., and Big and Lewis creeks. Tiie surface is various, and the soil productive. Organized in 1809. Capi- tal, Madison. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,000, sheep 13,477, swine 15,135 ; wheat 85,483 bush, produced, rye 2,126, Ind. corn 250,007, oats 84,264, potatoes 14,597, tobacco 13,180 pounds, sugar 6,603; 11 commercial and 5 com. houses, cap. $960,000; 35 stores, cap. $227,529; 1 fur- nace, 1 cotton fac 800 sp., 12 tanneries, 1 brew- ery, 10 flouring m., 21 grist m., 31 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 4 weekly news- papers. Cap. in manufac. $233,693. 1 college, 72 students, 1 acad. 22 students, 16 sch. 1,050 scholars. Pop. 16,614. Jefferson, county, 111. Situated centrally, in the s. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Drained by branches of Big Muddy and Little Wabash rivers. The sm-face is one-third prairie, and the soil moderately fertile. Capital, Mount Vernon. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,370, stieep 6,001, swine 17,955; wheat 11,503 bush, produced, Ind. com 271,800, oats 27,797, potatoes 6,802, tobacco 29,272 pounds, cotton 13,862; 10 stores, cap. $23,900 ; 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 14 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac $9,118. I acad. 125 students, 8 sch. 375 scholars. Pop. 5,762. Jefferson, county. Mo. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 500 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Big r. and Joachim cr. The surface is iiilly and broken ; soil, various. Minerals and min- eral springs abound. Capital, Hillsboro'. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,753, sheep 4,202, swine 13,533; wheat 13,350 bush, produced, Ind. corn 182,125, oats 20,195, potatoes 4,836, tobacco 3,000 pounds ; 6 stores, cap. $18,000 ; 1 smelling house, prod. 775,000 pounds of lead, 2 tanneries, 1 dis- tillery, 3 flouring m., 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,900. 5 sch. 88 scholars. Poiv 4,296. Jefferson, county. Ark. Situated a little s. E. of the centre of the state, and contains 1,180 sq. ms. Watered by Arkansas r., whicii runs through its centre. Capital, Pine Bluff's. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,443, sheep 439, swine 8,871 ; Ind. corn 157,560 bush, produced, potatoes 6,730, cotton 659,750 lbs.; 7 stores, cap. $49,100; 1 tannery, 17 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in nuuiu- fac. $34,100. Pop. wliites 1,551, slaves 1,010, free col'd 5 ; total, 2,566. Jefferson, county, Wis. Situated toward the s. part of the territory, and contains 576 sq. ms. It is well timbered, and has some swamps. Drained by Rock r., passing through its centre. Capital, Jefferson. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,015, sheep 32, swine 1,763; wheat 6,647 bush, pro- duced, rye 186, Ind. corn 15,192, oats 4,465, pota- toes 14,410, sugar 13,050 pounds; 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,000. G sch. 133 scholars. Pop. 914. Jefferson, county, Iowa. Situated in the s. w. part of the territory, and contains 380 sq. ms. Organized in 1839. Drained by t'hecauque or Skunk r. and its branches. It has a fertile soil. Limestone and stone coal are found. Capital, Fairfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,075, sheep 2,118, swine 7,172; wheat 4,223 bush, pro- duced, Ind. corn 89,675, oats 10,795 ; 7 stores, cap $16,500; 5 saw m., 7 sch. 151 scholars. Pop. 2,773. Jefferson, p-t., Lincoln co., Me., 21 s. e. Au- gusta, 613 W. It lies around Damariscotta pond, the outlet of wliich forms Damariscotta r. It ha.s other ponds, from one of which flows Dyer's r., a branch of the Sheepscut r. Incorporated in 1807. It has 11 stores, cap. $8,650 ; 2 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 4 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $21,496. 15 sch. 345 scholars. Pop. 2,214. Jefferson, p-t., Coos co., N. H., 108 n. Con- cord, 569 W. Watered by Israel's r. A pond in the t. gives rise to John's r. The surface is un- even and mountainous, and it has some good land, adapted chiefly to grazing. It has 1 store, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,100. 5 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 575. Jefferson, p-t., Sclaoharie co., N. Y., 56 w. Albany, 375 W. The surface is hilly and moim- tainous ; soil, generally a poor sandy loam, ex- cepting in the valleys. Drained by head branches of Delavrare r. and branches of Schoharie cr., forming the height of land between Delaware and Hudson rivers. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,200 ; 3 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap- in manufac. $3,600. 2 acad. 157 students, 18 sch. 609 scholars. Pop. 2,033. Jefferson, v., Dix t., Chemung co., N. Y. Situated at the s. end of Seneca lake, and at the termination of the Chemmig canal. It has a con- venient steamboat landing, and contains 1 Epis- copal church, 3 stores, 3 warehouses, 1 flouring m., 1 steam saw m., 1 plaster m., 30 dwellings. JEF 312 JEF and about 200 inhabitants. A steamboat runs daily, 40 miles, to Geneva. Jeffeilson, t., Morris cc, N. J., 15 n. w. Mor- ristovvn. The surface is covered with mountains, except one deep and narrow valley. Drained by Rooliaway r., which affords good water power. Hurd's pond, H m. long and 1 wide, enters Ho- patcong lake, from 3 to 4 ms. long and 1 wide, covering 3,000 acres, which forms a feeder to the summit level of the Morris canal. Iron is exten- sively found in the mountains. It contains 2 stores, cap. $35,000; 11 bloomeries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §8,100. 5 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 1,412. Jefferson, p-t, Greene co., Pa., 204 w. by s. Harrisburg, 220 W. Monongahela r. bounds it on the E. The surface is rolling ; soil, loam. The V. is situated on Ten Mile cr., 4 miles from its mouth, is smTounded by beautiful scenery, and contains 5 stores, 100 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. Incorporated in 1827. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $20,150 ; 2 tanneries, 2 dis- tilleries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §5,950. 5 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 1,295. Jefferson, t., Alleghany co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $10,300 ; 1 tannery, 7 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 5 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $36,175. 10 sch. 450 scholars. Pop. 1,779. Jefferson, t., Fayette co., Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,200; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, I glass house, 1 paper fac, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,485. 3 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 1,316. Jefferson, t., Luzerne co., Pa. It has 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,100. Pop. 2S2. Jefferson, p-t., capital of Ashtabula co., O., 204 N. e. Columbus, 338 W. Situated on Mills' or., 10 miles from its entrance into Lake Erie. It contains a brick court house, 40 by 50 feet, an academy, 3 stores, and a piinting office, issuing a weekly newspaper. The t. contains 5 sch. 110 scholars. Pop. 710. Jefferson, t., Adams co., O. It contains the V. of Brush Creek Furnace, 11 E. of West Union. It has 5 stores, cap. $1,200 ; 1 flouring ra. Cap. in manufac. $3,650. 1 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 937. Jefferson, t., Clinton co., O. It has 1 store, cap. $100 ; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $235. 3 sch. 216 scholars. Pop. 474. Jefferson, t., Coshocton co., O. Pop. 771. Jefferson, t., Franklin co., O., 12 e. by n. Columbus. Watered by Black Lick and Rocky fork of Big Walnut creeks. The surface is lev- el ; soil, moderately fertile. It has 12 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 1,040. Jefferson, t., Guernsey co., O. It has 3 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 941. Jefferson, t., Jackson co., O., 6 or 8 ms. e. Jackson C. H. It has 1 sch. 26 scholars. Pop. 752. Jefferson, t., La Fayette co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,450. 12 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 1,949. ' Jefferson, t., Logan co., O. It has 5 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 1,527. Jefferson, t., Knox co., O. It has 5 sch. 180 scholars. Pop. 988. Jeffersom, t., Montgomery co., O. It contains the village of Liberty, and has 3 grist m., 3 saw m., and 8 distilleries, 5 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. 1,89d. '^ Jefferson, t., Madison cc, O., 14 w. Colum- bus. The national road passes through it. Wa- tered by Little Darby cr. The v. contains 295 inhabitants. The t. has 5 stores, cap. $63,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m, 1 sawm. Cap. in manulac. $10,650. 12 sch. 370 scholars. Pop. 6)7. Jefferson, t,, Mercer co., O. It has 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 36^*. Jefferson, t., Muskingum cc, O. It contains the V. of Dresden, and has 2 flouring m., 3 saw m., 6 sch. 376 scholars. Pop. 1,369. Jefferson, t., Preble co., O. The national road passes through it. . Pop. 2,164. Jefferson, t., Ross co., O. The Scioto r. runs on its s. w. border. Drained by Walnut and Salt creeks and their tributaries, the latter of which affords water power. Pop. 871. Jefferson, t., Richland co., O. It has 9 sch. 950 scholars. Pop. 2,325. I Jefferson, t., Scioto co., O. It borders on Scioto r., on which the bottom land is very fer- tile. It has 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 578. Jefferson, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It has 2 saw m., 5 sch. 336 scholars. Pop. 992. Jefferson, t., Williams co., O. It has 1 grist m. Cap in manufac. $4,000. 1 sch. 25 scholars Pop. 353. Jefferson, p-v., Clinton co., la., 46 n. by w. Indianapolis, 604 W. Situated on the borders of a beautiful prairie, 4 ms. w. of Frankfort, and contains 2 or 3 stores, and about 75 inhabitants. Jefferson, t., Miami co., la. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000; 2 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,400. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 481. Jefferson, t.. Noble co., la. Pop. 68. Jefferson, t., Putnam co., la. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,700 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,010. 8 sch. 489 scholars. Pop. 1,129. Jefferson, t.. Saline co.. Mo. It has 1 scli. 8 scholars. Pop. 765. Jefferson, t., Wayne co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 18 scholars. Pop. 326. Jefferson, t., Jefferson co.. Wis. It has 1 sch. 42 scholars. Pop. 250. Jefferson, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 83 n. w. Annapolis, 51 W. Jefferson, p-o., Powhatan cc, Va., 34 w. Richmond, 136 W. Jefferson, p-v., capital of Ashe co., N. C, 202 w. N. w. Raleigh, 366 W. Situated on the w. side of New river. It contains a court house, jail, several stores and dwellings. Jefferson, p-v., capital of Jackson co., Ga., 95 N. Milledgeville, 630 W. Situated on w. side of Oconee r. It contains a court house, jail, an academy, several stores, and about 25 dwellings. Jefferson, p-v., capital of Cherokee co., Ala., 152 N. E. Tuscaloosa, 677 W. Situated on the N. side of Coosa r. It has a court house, and several dwellings. Jefferson, p-v., Rutherford co., Tenn., 22 s. E. Nashville, 677 W. Situated on w. side of Stone's r., a branch of Cumberland r., at the junction of the West Fork. Jefferson, t., Cass co., Mich. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw in. Cap. in manufac. $1,700. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 471. Jefferson, p-t., capital of Jefferson co.. Wis., 36 E. Madison, 834 W. It has 1 sch. 42 scholars. Pop. 250. Jefferson Barracks, p-v., and U. S. Blili- tary Station, St. Louis co.. Mo., 142 E. Jefferson City, 822 W. Jefferson City, p-v., capital of Cole co., and of the state of IMissouri, 936 w. Washington City. Situated on the s. bank of the Missouri r., on ele- vated and uneven ground, and contains a state house, a governor's house, which is large and elegant, a state penitentiary, an academy, several JEN 313 JER large mercantile establishments, and a fine steam saw m., 200 dwellings, and 1,174 inhabitants. Jefferso.v, t., Cole co., Mo. It has 1 acad. 33 students, 2 sch. 42 scholars. Pop. 2,043. Jefferson, t., Clarke co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 13 scholars. Pop. 357. Jefferson, t., Johnson co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 748. Jefferson, t., Livingston co.. Mo. Pop. 502. Jefferson, t., Monroe co.. Mo. It has 4 sch. 101 scholars. Pop. 1,507. Jefferson, t., Sevier co.. Ark. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500 ; 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $600. 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 383. Jefferson Hall, p-o., Greene co., Ga., 53 n. Milledgeville, 592 W. Jeffersonton, p-v., Culpepper co., Va., 112 N. N. w. Richmond, 61 W. Situated on the w side of Rappahannock r. It contains 1 Baptist church, 3 stores, 1 tannery, and about 300 in- habitants. Lee's Sulphur Springs are in the vicinity. Jeffersonton, p-v., capital of Camden co., Ga., 270 s. s. e. Milledgeville, 779 VV. Situated on the s. side of St. Ilia r., at the head of naviga- tion. It contains a court house, jail, several stores, and about 50 dwellings. Jeffersontown, p-v., Jefferson co., Ky., 66 w. Frankfort, 608 W. It has 3 churches and about 350 inhabitants. Jeffersonville, p-v., Lamoille co., Vt., 45 n. Montpelier, 545 VV. Jeffersonville, p-v., Norristown t., Mont- gomery CO., Pa., 101 e. Ilarrisburg, 159 W. It contains a store and 10 or 12 dwellings. Jeffersonville, p-v., Fayette co., O., 60 s. w. Columbus, 453 W. Jeffersonville, Tazewell co., Va. (See Tazewell C. H. Jeffersonville, p-v., Clark co., la., 117 s. by E. Indianapoli.s, 597 W. It is situated on a high bank, on n. side of Ohio r., opposite Louisville, Ky., and just above the rapids of the Ohio. There is a good landing here, caused by an eddy in the river. It has a ship yard, an iron foundry, 6 stores, a steam grist and saw m., and about 700 inhabitants. Jeffress' Store, p-o., Nottoway co., Va., 74 s. w. Richmond, 193 W. Jeffrey's Creek, p-o., Marion dist., S. C, 129 E. Columbia, 470 W. Jellico, p-o., Whitley co., Ky., 139 s. s. e. Frankfort, 557 W. Jena, p-o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala., 21 Tuscaloo- sa, 839 W. Jenks, t., Jefferson co., Pa. It has 1 saw^ m. Cap. in manufac. $500. Pop. 20. Jenkins' Store, p-o., Anson co., N. C, 168 s. w. Raleigh, 413 W. Jenkintown, p-v., Montgomery co., Pa., 107 E. Harrisburg, 148 W. Jenner, t., Somerset co.. Pa., 12 n. w. Somer- set b. The surface is rolling ; soil, reddish clay. Drained by Beaver Dam run, on which coal is found. The b. contains a store and 12 or 15 dwellings. The t. has 3 stores, cap. $12,500 ; 1 fuUing m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 4 distille- ries, 6 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,000. 1 sch. 37 scholars. Pop. 1,469. Jen'nersville, p-v., Chester co.. Pa., 69 e. by s. Harrisburg, 98 W. It is pleasantly situated in a fertile country, and contains 2 stores, 30 or 35 dwellings, and a Friends church in the vicinity. Jennings, county, la. Situated toward the s. .E. part of the state, and contams 330 sq. ms. The surface is hilly ; soil, calcareous loam. Or- ganised in 1816. Watered by Graham's Fork, 40 and N. fork of Muscatatack r. and Sand cr., which afford good water power. The Madison and Indianapolis railroad is located through the CO. Capital, Vernon. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,233, sheep 7,037, swine 14,318 ; wheat 56,691 bush, produced, rye 1,971, Indian corn 170,115, oats 81,233, potatoes 9,515, tobacco 21,425 pounds ; 18 stores, cap. $39,700 ; 9 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 10 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 vieekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $42,200. 2 acad. 135 students, 17 sch. 555 scholars. Pop. 8,829. Jennings, t.. Van Wert co., O. Pop. 88. Jennings, t., Putnam co., O. Pop. 360. Jennings, p-o., Franklin co., la., 79 e. s. e. Indianapolis. Jenning's Gap, p-o., Augusta co., Va., 129 w. N. w. Richmond, 156 W. Jenning's Ordinary, p-o., Nottoway co., Va., 75 s. w. Richmond, 182 W. Jennon's Run, p-o., Alleghany co., Md. Jericho, p-t., Chittenden co., Vt., 52 n. w. Montpelier, 528 w. Onion r. runs on its s. w. border. Watered by Brown's r., which, witli other streams, afford water power. Chartered in 1763. Organized in 1786. The surface is un- even ; soil, on the streams, rich and fertile. It has 3 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,800. 1 acad. 50 students, 9 sch. 455 scholars. Pop. 1,685. Jericho, p-v.. Oyster Bay t., Queens co., N. v., 173 s. by E. Albany, 253 W. It contains 1 Friends church, 3 stores, 1 tannery, 40 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Jericho, p-v., Wayne co., N. C, 71 s. w. Ra- leigh, 301 W. Jericho, p-v., Perry co., Ala., 53 s. Tuscaloo- sa, 821 W. Jericho Centre, p-v., Jericho t., Chittenden CO., Vt., 32 N. w. Montpelier, 518 W. It contains a Congregational church, a store, and several dwellmgs. Jeromesville, p-v., Mohiccan t., Wayne co., O., 82 N. E. Columbus, 359 W. It contains 2 churches, 5 stores, and about 40 dwellings. Jersey, county. 111. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 300 sq. ms. Illinois r. bounds it on the w. and Missis.sippi r. on the s. Watered by a branch of Illinois r. Capital, Jer- sey ville. There were in 1810, neat cattle 7,129, sheep 4,274, swine 14,807: wheat 39,480 bush, produced, Ind. corn 253,924, oats 48,077, potatoes 16,971, tobacco 15,086 pounds, cotton 1,806; 5 stores, cap. $23,410 ; 4 tanneries, 1 pottery, 5 flouring m., 8 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $61,516. Po|). 4,535. Jersey, p-v., Bradford t., Steuben co., N. Y., 205 w. by s. Albany, 317 W. Situated on Mead cr., and contains 2 .stores, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 distillery, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabit- ants. Jersey City, p-v., Hudson co., N. J., 58 n. e. Trenton, 221 W. Situated on the w. side of Hudson r., opposite to New York, with which it is connected by a ferry, on which 3 steamboats arc con.stantly plying. Incorporated as a city in 1820. The ground on which it is built projects into Hudson r., havhig bays n. and s. of it. It is handsomely laid out, with broad streets, crossing each other at right angles. It contains 4 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — a Lyceum, with a hand- some brick edifice, a female academy, and a high school for boys, a bank, an cvtensive pottery, where beaiitirul delfware is produced lo the an- nual amomit of .$200,500, a Hint glass fac, whicli JES 314 JOH employs 100 hands, producing plain and cut glass to the amount of $200,000 annually, 3 lumber j yards with a cap. of $3,000, 2 iron foundries, 300 dwellings, many of them large and elegant. The New Jersey railroad, which is continued to Philadelphia, and the Patterson and Hudson rail- road commence here, and have a fine depot, and the Morris canal, 101 miles long, connecting the Delaware and Hudson rivers, terminates here, with a large basin. Tlie Thatched Cottage Garden is a beautiful place of summer resort. It has 23 stores, cap. $27,000 ; 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufacture.s, $203,000. 11 sch. 339 scholars. Pop. 3,072. Directly w. of Jersey city is a settlement, called Harsiraus, which contains 1 Baptist church, 1 iron foundry, 1 rope-wallv, 1 starch fac, and about 25 dwellings. To the n. of this is another considerable settlement, called Pavonia, which contains 3 carpet fac, and about 50 dwellings. Both of these may be considered as suburbs of Jersey city. Jersey, p-t., Licldng co., O., 35 n. e. Colum- bus, 384 W. It is in a well cultivated region, and contains 1 store. It has 4 sch. 207 scholars. Pop. 932. Jersey Settlement, p-o., Davidson co., N. Carolina. Jersey Shore, p-b., MLfRLn t, Lycoming co.. Pa., 99 N. N. w. Harrisburg, 209 W. Situated on the N. side of tlie west branch of Susquelianna r., and contains 1 Methodist church, 6 stores, and about 100 dweUings. Incorporated in 1826. The Western division of the Pennsylvania canal pass- es through the place. It lias 11 stores, cap. $38,000 ; 2 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $14,250 2 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. .525. Jerseytown, p-v., Madison t., Columbia co.. Pa., 84 N. by e. Harrisburg, 194 W. It contains 1 Episcopal church, 1 store, and about 30 dwell- ings. Jerseyville, p-v., capital of Jersey co.. 111., 71 s. w. Springfield, 821 W. Beautifully situated in Jersey prairie, and contains a court house, and about 25 dwellings. Jessee's Store, p-o., Shelby co., Ky. Jerusalem, p-t., Yates co., N. Y., 5 w. Penn Yan, 199 w. Albany, 325 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, a fertile clay and gravelly loam. Watered by the w. branch of Crooked lake, and a small stream flowing into it. Jemima Wilkin- son, the founder of the Shakers, resided, and died here in 1819. It has 3 stores, cap. $9,700 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $24,480. 16 sch. 838 scholars. Pop. 2,935. Jerusalem, p-v., capital of Southampton co., Va., 70 E. s. E. Richmond, 189 W. It contains a court house, jaU, and several dwellings. Jerusalem South, p-v., Hempstead t.. Queens Co., N. Y., 176 s. by e. Albany, 256 W. Tlie V. is chiefly an agricultural settlement, 3 ms. N. of the s. post-road, and contains 1 Friends church, 2 stores, 1 tannery, and 25 or 30 dwell- ings, not very compact. Jessamine, county, Ky. Centrally situated toward the w. part of the state, and contains 256 sq. ms. Kentucky r. bounds it on the s. e., s., and s. w. The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, fertile. Watered by Jessamine cr., Hickman cr., and branches of Clear cr., which flow into Kentucky r. Capital, Nicholasville. There were in 1810, neat cattle, 8,636, sheep 15,685, swine 23,650 ; wheat 61,806 bu.sh. produced, rye 59,121, Ind. com 477,912, oats 76,160, potatoes 19,041, tobacco 73,793 pounds; 23 stores, cap. $63,125; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 352 sp., 5 tanneries, 12 distilleries 11 flouring m., 30 grist m., 26 saw m., 1 pajjer fac. Cap. in manufac. $322,664. 3 acad. 66 students, 21 sch. 534 scholars. Pop. 9,396. Jessamine, t., Clark co.. Mo. Pop. 304. Jessup's Landing, p-v., Corinth t., Saratoga CO., N. Y. Situated on Hudson r., and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 tanneries, 35 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Jetersville, p-o., Amelia co., Va^ 53 s. w. Richmond, 170 W. Jewett City, p-v., Griswold t.. New London CO., Ct., 47 E. by s. Hartford, 365 W. Situated on the E. side of Quinnebaug r., at the junction of Patchaug r., and contains 1 Congregational church, 5 stores, a bank, 3 cotton fac, and about 900 inhabitants. The water power here is very extensive. The Norwich and Worcester railroad passes through the place. Joanna Furnace, p-o., Bucks co., Pa., 59 E. Harrisburg, 140 W. JoiiSTowN, p-v., Springfield t., Burlington co., N. J., 26 s. Trenton, 166 W. It contains a store, and 10 or 12 dwellings. Joachim, t., JefTerson co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 15 scholars. Pop. 737. Jo-Daviess, county. 111. Situated in the N. w. part of the state, and contains 724 sq. ms. Watered by Fever r., and Apple, Rush, and Plum creeks. The surface is undulating or hilly ; soil, well adapted to agriculture, but richer in mines, containing abundantly, lead and copper ore. Named in honor of an heroic general, who fell in the battle of Tippecanoe. Capital, Galena. Tliere were in 1840, neat cattle 4,107, sheep 519, swine 8,405 ; wheat 18,560 bush, produced, Ind. corn 103,934, oats 33,955, potatoes 59,240; 17 stores, cap. $83,000 ; 20 smelting houses, produc- ing 8,755,000 pounds of lead, and 1 smeltuig house, gold to tlie value of $200; 9 flouring m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $77,400. 1 acad. 70 students, 9 sch. 297 scholars. Pop. 6,180. Joe's Brook, or Merritt r., Vt., a branch of Pasumsic r., wiiich it enters in Barnet t^ afford- ing valuable water power. Joe's Lick, p-o., Madison co., Ky., 58 s. e. Frankfort, 556 W. John's, r., N. H., rises in a pond in JefTerson t., and flows into Connecticut r., about 20 ms. above the head of Fifteen Miles falls. John's, r., N. C, rises in the Blue ridge, in the N. part of Burke co., flows s., and falls into Ca- tawba r., near the centre of the co. JoiLxsBURG, p-t., Warren co., N. Y., 88 n. Al- bany, 457 W. The surface is hilly and moun- tainous ; soil, a light sandy loam. Watered by Hudson r. and its tributaries. The v. contains 1 Baptist church, 3 stores, 2 grist m., 3 saw m., and about 25 dwellings. The t. has 3 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,360. 10 sch. 304 scholars. Pop. 1,139. John's Creek, p-o., Chattooga co., Ga. Johnson, county, N. C. Situated near the centre of the stale, and contauis 660 sq. ms. Watered by Neuse r. and its branches. Moc- casson r. runs on its n. e. boundary. Capital, Smilhfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,152, sheep 9,011, swine 32,502; wheat 9,242 bush, produced, rye 2,606, Ind. com 337,797, oats 23,452, potatoes 63,581, cotton 401,169 pounds ; 4 stores, cap. $15,000 ; 20 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. iu manut;\c. $7,775. 2 acad. 42 students, 5 sch. 77 scholars. Pop. whites 6,996, slaves 3,476, free col'd 127 ; total, 10,599. Johnson, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 300 sq. ms. Watered by Watauga r. and its branches, a tributary of JOH 315 JOH Holston r. The surface is a valley, between 2 mountain ridges, on its s. e. and n. w. borders. Capital, Taylorsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,878, sheep 3,789, swine 4,510; wheat 5,690 bush, produced, rye 4,530, Ind. corn 33,423, buckwheat 2,856, oats 53,710, potatoes 22,118; 3 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 1 furnace, 19 forges, 1 tan- nery, 21 distilleries, 21 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,325. Pop. 2,658. Johnson, county, la. Situated centrally to- ward the s. part of the state, and contains 320 sq. ms. Organized in 1822. Drained by Sugar, Young's, Indian, and Stott's creeks. The sur- face is undulating ; soil, very fertile. The JVIadi- son and Indianapolis railroad is located through it. Capital, Franklin. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,809, sheep 11,797, swme 30,797; wheat 46,118 bush, produced, Ind. corn 497,028, oats 81,747, potatoes 14,121, tobacco 49,484 pounds, sugar 29,824 ; 25 stores, cap. $31,425 ; 9 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 10 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $39,594. 1 acad. 40 students, 6 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 9,352. Johnson, county. 111. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 486 sq. ms. Organized in 1812. Watered by Cash r., and Big Bay cr. Ohio r. washes its s. boundary. Ten or 12 ms. from Ohio r. is a line of ponds, interspersed with ridges, and fertile islands. At high water a cur- rent passes from Big Bay r. into Cash r. To the s. of these ponds, the land is rich, and thickly populated, but unhealthy. The surface is level ; soil, sandy. Capital, Vienna. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,250, sheep 1,807, swine 12,766 ; wheat 7,514 bush, produced, Ind. corn 150,541, oats 13,828, potatoes 5,493, tobacco 18,319 pounds, cotton 24,787, sugar 6,846 ; 12 stores, capital, $20,775; 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 11 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,625. 12 sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 3,626 Johnson, county, Iowa. Situated in the w. part of the ter., and contains 610 sq. ms. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile. Watered by Iowa r. and its branches. Capital, Iowa city. There were in 1840, neat cattle 987, sheep 44, swine 1,075 ; Ind. corn 10,700 bush, produced, potatoes 2,400 ; 4 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. Pop. 1,491. Johnson, county. Mo. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 785 sq. miles. Drained by Blackwater r. and its tributaries, and a branch of La Miner. Capital, Warrensburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,617, sheep 5,578, swine 23,553 ; wheat 4,135 bush, produced, Indian corn 230,375, oats 49,953, potatoes 10,325, tobacco 24,547 pounds, cotton 1,128 ; 10 stores, capital $31,456; 1 tannery, 6 distilleries, 16 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,385. 11 sch. 286 scholars. Pop. 4,471. Johnson, county, Ark. Situated toward the w. part of the state, and contains 900 square ms. Arkansas r. passes through the co., and several tributaries enter it here. Surface, hilly and broken ; soil, on the margins of streams, fertile. Capital, Clarksville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,344, sheep 833, swine 13,702 ; wheat 7,023 bush, produced, Ind. corn 197,925, oats 6,635, pota- toes 15,486, tobacco ] 4,755 pounds, cotton 296,468 ; 15 stores, capital $69,666 ; 3 tanneries, 1 powder m., 9 gri.st m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,200. 6 sch. 138 scholars. Pop. wliites 2,839, slaves 591, free col'd 3 ; total, 3,433. Johnson, p-t., Lamoille co., Vt., 36 n. n. w. Montpelier, 550 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, sandy loam, easily tilled, and productive. Wa- tered by Lamoille r. and some branches, wlrich afford good water power. The v. is at the en- trance of North branch into Lamoille r.,and con- tains a number of mills. McConnell's falls, in the Lamoille, have 15 feet perpendicular descent, and 100 rods below is a whirlpool, formed by a barrier of rocks across the r., wliich, at low water, constitutes a natural bridge. Soapstone and pot- ter's clay are found here. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $18,300 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 printing otTice, 1 weekly paper, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,300. 1 acad. 100 students, 12 sch. 492 scholars. Pop. 1,410. Johnson, borough, Cambria co.. Pa. It has 15 stores, cap. $37,900 ; 10 com. houses, cap. $5,900 ; 2 tanneries, 1 brewery. Cap. in manufactures $12,390. 7 sch. 335 scholars. Pop. 1,277. Johnson, t., Champaign co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 2 gri.st m., 3 saw m. 6 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 1,213. Johnson, t., Barry co., Mich. It has cap. in manufac. $500. 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 227. Johnson, t., St. Francis co.. Ark. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 934. Johnson, t., Licking co., O. It has 2 sch. 65 scholars. Pop. 216. Johnson, t., Trumbull co., O., 10 or 12 n. e. Warren. The name of the post-office is Johnson- ville. It has 8 sch. 270 scholars. Pop. 869. Johnson, t.. La Grange co., la. It has 1 store, cap. $1,300 ; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. 2 sch. 29 scholars. Pop. 275. Johnson, t.. Gasconade co., Mo. Pop. 626. Johnson, t., Polk co.. Mo. Pop. 636. Johnson, t., Crawford co., Mo. Pop. 743. Johnsonburg, p-o., Orangeville t, Wyoming CO., N. Y., 261 w. Albany, 367 W. Johnsonburg, p-v., Hardwick t., Warren co., N. J., 70 N. by w. Trenton, 227 W. Situated on Bear branch of Pequest cr., which affords water power. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Christian — 2 stores, 1 grist m., and about 30 dwellings. Johnson's, p-o., Montgomery co., Tenn., 61 n. w. Nashville, 750 W. Johnson's, p-o., Warren co.. Miss. Johnson's Creek, p-o., Niagara co., N. Y. Johnson's Mills, p-o., Pitt co., N. C, 114 E. by s. Raleigh, 308 W. Johnson's Springs, p-o., Goochland co., Va., 27 w. n. w. Richmond, 144 W. Johnson's Store, p-o., Coweta co., Ga., 116 w. by N. Milledgeville, 722 W. JoHNsoNviLi.E, p-v., Cumberland co., N. C, 65 s. Raleigh, 353 W. JoHNsoNviLLE, p-o., Johusou t., Trumbull co., O., 154 N. E. Columbu.s, 308 W. John's River, p-o., Caldwell co., N. C, 65 w. Raleigh, 353 W. Johnston, t.. Providence co., R. I., 5 w. Provi- dence. The surface is varied ; soil, adapted to grazing. It contains a valuable quarry of free- stone. Watered by Wanasquattuck and Pow- chasset rivers, and Cedar brook, a tributary of the latter. There are two Baptist and 1 Friends churches. Incorporated in 1759. It has 6 stores, cap. $6,300; 16 cotton fac. 86,600 sp., 5 dyeing establishments, 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $284,340. 12 sch. 632 scholars. Pop. 2,477. Johnston, p-v., Rush co., la., 39 e. by s. In- dianapolis, 543 W. Johnston, p-v., Marion co.. Ark., 170 n. Little Rock, 1,096 W. Johnston's, po., Madison co., O., 34 w. Co- lumbus, 427 W. Johnstownville, p-o., Monroe co., Ga., 64 w. Milledgeville, 680 W. Johnstown, p-t., capital of Fulton co., N- Y., JON 316 JON 46 N. w. Albany, 410 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, argillaceous loam. Drained by Garoga and Ciiyadutta creeks. The v. is situated on ele- vated ground, 4 ms. n. Mohawk r. Incorporated in 1808. It contains a court house and jail, built in 1772, a county clerk's office, an academy, a bank, 6 churches — 2 Presbyterian, 1 Lutheran, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 15 stores, 2 grist m., 1 tannery, 1 gun and rifle fac, 1 carriage fac, and 2 printing offices. Here is a sulphur spring. The Episcopal church wa.s erected by Sir William Johnson, in about 1772. There are in the t. 26 stores, cap. $83,375 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $3,000 ; 2 fulling m., 4 tan- neries, 1 paper fac, 2 printing oflices, 2 weekly papers, 6 grist m., 35 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $285,743. 2 acad. 235 students, 24 sch. 1,10'J scholars. Pop. 5,409. Johnstown, p-b., Connemaugh t., Cambria co.. Pa., 150 w. Harrisburg, 170 VV. Situated at the junction of Stony cr. with Little Connemaugh r. It contains 200 acres of ground, is regularly laid out with streets crossing each other at right an- gles, and has 6 stores, 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 6 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 1,213. The western division of the Pennsylvania canal has a large basin in the centre of the v., where the Portage railroad across the Alleghany mountain to Hollidaysburg com- mences. Johnstown, p-v., Monroe t.. Licking co., O., 36 N. E. Columbus, 384 W. It contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 2 warehouses, 40 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Johnstown, p-t., Barry co., Mich., 128 w. De- troit, 593 W. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $500. 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 227. Johnstown, p-o., Rock co., Wis., 53 s. e. Mad- ison, 818 W. JoHNsviLLE, p-o., Fishkill t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 86 s. Albany, 290 W. JoHNSviLLE, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 74 n. w. Annapolis, 59 W. JoHNSviLLE, p-v., Dyer co., Tenn., 174 w. Nashville, 864 W. Jolly, t., Washington co., O. It has 2 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 582. JoNESBURG, p-v., capital of Camden co., N. C. (See Camden C. H.) Jones's Bluff, p-o., Sumter co., Ala., 59 s. w. Tuscaloosa, 877 W. Jones, county, N. C. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 380 sq. ms. The surface is level, and much of it marshy. Water- ed by Trent r., with its branches, which flows into Neuse r. Capital, Trenton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,739, sheep 4,089, swine 15,951 ; wheat 5,204 bushels produced, rye 1,184, Indian com 223,520, oats 8,705, potatoes 36,529, rice 30,490 pounds, cotton 1,150,208; 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 2 distilleries, 15 grist m., 8 .saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,555. 4 sch. 81 scholars. Pop. whites 1,947, slaves 2,818, free col'd 180 ; total, 4,945. Jones, county, Ga. Situated in the central part of the state, and contains 360 sq. miles. Oc- mulgee r. runs on its w. border. Cedar cr., with its branches, in the n., flows into Oconee r. Fall- ing cr., and Walnut cr., with their tributaries, flow into the Ocmulgee river. Capital, Clinton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,248, sheep 4,219, swuie 19,853 ; wheat 23,778 bushels pro- duced, Ind. corn 274,938, oats 18,755, potatoes 10,581, tobacco 18 pounds, cotton 2,754,565; 7 stores, cap. $33,336; 5 furnaces, 29 forges, 2 tan- neries, 11 dislilleries, 3 flouring m., 8 grist m., 9 saw m., 3 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $8,340. 4 acad. 155 students, 7 sch. 211 scholars. Pop. whites 4,417, slaves 5,619, free colored 29 ; total, 10,065. Jones, county, Miss. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 672 sq. ms. Drained by branches of Leaf r. Capital, Ellisville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,329, sheep 623, swine 6,284; Ind. com 24,880 bush, produced, potatoes 9,080, rice 8,878 pounds, cotton 23,129. Pop. whites 1,194, slaves 164; total, 1,258. Jones, county, Iowa. Situated a little n. of the centre of the ter., and contains 576 sq. miles. Watered by Wapsipinecon r., and Makoqueta r., and their branches. The surface is gently un- dulating, having extensive prairies, and the soil is fertile. Capital, Edinburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 609, sheep 65, swine 1,.502; wheat 3,537 bush, produced, Indian corn 14,856, oats 2,286, potatoes 7,333 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,300. Pop. 471. Jones, t., Hancock co., la. It has I store, cap. $150; 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $500. Pop. 460. JoNESBOROUGH, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 143 E. N. E. Augusta, 725 W. Situated at the head of Englishman's bay. Watered by Chandler's r. Incorporated in 1809. It has 3 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. 4 sch. 176 scholars. Pop. 392. Jonesborough, p-o., Brunswick co., Va., 99 s by w. Richmond, 215 W. Jonesborough, p-v., Jefferson co., Ala., 43 N, e. Tuscaloosa, 773 W. Jonesborough, p-v., capital of Wasliington CO., Tenn., 283 e. Nashville, 412 W. Situated on Little Limestone cr., 1 mile from its source, 10 ms. s. of the Holston r. It contains a court house, jail, 1 Methodist and 1 Presbyterian church, 2 academics, and about 900 inhabitants. Jonesborough, p-o., Spencer co., la., 146 s. s. w. Indianapolis, 673 W. Jonesborough, p-v., capital of Union co., ID. It has a court house, a brick jail, 2 places of wor- ship, 7 stores, 1 carding machine, and about 25 dwellings. JoNE.s's Creek, p-o.. Liberty co., Ga. Jones's Creek, p-o., Randolph co.. 111., 157 s. Springfield, 849 W. Jones's Cross Roads, p-o., Dicksan co., Tenn., 40 w. Nashville, 724 W. JoNESPORT, p-t., Washington co., Me., 147 e. by N. Augusta, 730 W. It has Englishman's bay on the E., and Addison bay, with a small r. en- tering it, on the w. It has a good harbor. It con- tains 4 stores, cap. $3,500; 1 saw m., 4 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 576. Jones's Tan Yard, p-o., Calloway co.. Mo., 30 N. e. Jefferson city, 909 W. Jonestown, p-v., Lebanon co.. Pa., 29 e. Har- risburg, 139 W. Situated near the confluence of Great and Little Swatara creeks, and contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Lutheran, and 1 Ger- man Reformed — several stores, and about 100 dwellings. Jonesville, p-o., Chfton Park t, Saratoga co., N. Y., 21 N. Albany, 391 W. Jonesville, p-v., capital of Lee co., Va., 334 vv. by s. Richmond, 452 W. Situated on a branch of Powell's river. It contains a handsome coiu^ house, jail, 1 church, free to all denominations, 4 stores, and 200 inhabitants. The scenery around is romantic and beautiful. Jonesville, p-v., Surry co., N. C, 160 w. N. w. Raleigh, 364 W. Jonesville, p-v., Union dist., S. C, 81 N. w. Columbia, 475 W. Jonesville, p-v., Salem t., Monroe co., O., 129 E. Columbus, 285 W. KAL 317 KAN JoNESviLLE, p-v., Capital of Hillsdale co., Mich., 92 w. s. w. Detroit, 540 W. Situated on the E. bank of St. Joseph r. of Michigan lake, and contains a courthouse, jail, 1 Presbyterian church, 8 stores, and 2 flouring m. Jordan, p-v., Elbridge t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 152 w. by N. Albany, 350 W. Situated on the Erie canal. Incorporated in 1835. It contains 3 churches, 10 stores, 3 flouring m., 1 pump fac, 1 wooden ware fac, 1 sash fac, 1 clothier's works, 1 tannery, 175 dwellings, and about 1,200 inhab- itants. Jordan's Mills, p-o., Orangeburg dist., S. C, 113 s. Columbia, 618 W. Jordan's Prairie, p-o., JefTerson co., 111., 122 s. s. E. Springfield, 784 W. Josco, p-o., Livingston co., Mich., 61 w. by n. Detroit, 564 W. Josephine, p-o., McLean county, EL, 93 n. e. Springfield, 762 W. Joslin's Corners, p-o., Sullivan t., Madison CO., N. Y., 125 w. by n. Albany, 370 W. JuDsviLLE, p-v., Surry co., N. C, 163 w. N. w. Raleigh, 369 W. JuMET, p-v., capital of Will co.. 111., 165 n. e. by E. Springfield, 742 W. Situated on both sides of Des Plaines r., afTording good water power, at the crossing place of the Illinois and Michigan canal. It contains I Episcopal and 1 Methodist church, 1 saw m., 1 grist m., and 6 or 700 inliab- itants. The precinct contains 2 acad. 50 students, 7 sch. 210 sclwlars. Pop. 2,558. JuLiusTOWN, p-v., Springfield t., Burlington CO., N. J., 24 s. Trenton, 164 W. It contains 2 stores, and about 30 dwellings. Junction, p-o., Schagticoke t., Rensselaer co., N.Y., 16 E. Albany, 386 W. Junction, p-o., Hanover co., Va., 24 n. Rich- mond, 93 W. Juniata, county. Pa. Situated a little s. of the centre of the state, and contauis 360 sq. ms. Organized in 1831. Watered by Juniata r., and Licking and Tuscarora creeks. The surface is liilly and mountainous; soil, fertile in the val- leys. Capital, Mifl[lin. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,089, sheep 12,023, swine 18,604; wheat 219,859 bush, produced, rye 69,219, Indian com 162,659, buckwheat 17,726, barley 3,035, oats 156,072, potatoes 58,320 ; 33 stores, cap. $112,600; 9 fulling m., 21 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 11 flour- ing m., 17 grist m., 52 saw m., 3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Capital in manufactures, $185,690. 2 acad. 33 students, 63 seti. 2,375 sclio- lars. Pop. 11,080. Juniata, r.. Pa., one of the principal tributa- ries of the Susquehanna river, is formed by the Raystown and Frankstown branches, which ri.se at the foot of the Alleghany mountains. It unites with the Susquehanna r. 15 ms. above Harris- burg. The Pennsylvania canal passes along the Juniata and its Frankstown branch, to Hollidays- burg. Juniata, p-t.. Perry co.. Pa., 39 w. n. w. liar-- risburg, 131 W. It contains Bloorafield v., the capital of the co. The surface consists of moun- tain ridges and valleys. The soil is gravel, slate, and calcareous loam, in the valleys. Watered by Racoon, BufTalo, and Little Buffalo creeks. Il has 3 stores, cap. $4,800 ; 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 5 flouring m., 15 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $25,227. 11 sch. 440 scholars. Population, 1,450. Junius, p-t., Seneca co., N. Y., 8 n. Waterloo, 182 w. Albany, 352 W. Tlie surface is various; soil, in some parts, fertile. It has 1 store, cap. $5,000 ; 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 6 sch. 213 scholars. Pop. 1,594. Junto, p-o.. Orange co., N.C.,54n. w. Raleigh, 278 W. Jupiter, p-o., Madison co.. Ark., 146 n. w. Little Rock, 1,211 W. JvKiLL, island and sound, Ga. Situated in the s. E. part of Glynn co., at the mouth of Turtle and Scilla rivers. K. Kaatsberg, or Katskill, mts. (See Catskill mountains.) Kaaterskill, N. Y., a stream which rises from 2 ponds, each half a mile in circumference, and each half a mile in the rear of the Mountaui House, on Catskill moimtain. 2 ms. w. of the house, the stream has remarkable falls, first of 175 feet perpendicularly, tlien 85 feet more, mak- ing the whole descent of the cataract 260 feet. It then plunges into a dark and dreary chasm, and pursuing its way to the valley below, enters Catskill cr. near Catskill v. Kalamazoo, r., Mich., rises in Hillsdale co., and after a course, generally w. n. w., with many windings, of 200 ms., with a direct course of not over 90 ms., enters Lake Michigan, 41 ms. n. of St. Joseph r., and 29 ms. s. of Grand r. Its aver- age depth for 8 ms. from its mouth is 12 feet. It waters the counties of Hillsdale, Calhoun, Kala- mazoo, and Allegan. The bar at its mouth has 6 or 7 feet at low water. It is navigable at all times, 33 ms., to Allegan, for boats of 50 tons. It af- fords, with its tributaries, extensive water power. Kalamazoo, county, Mich. Situated toward the s. w. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Organized in 1830. Watered by Kalama- zoo and Portage rivers, and Four Mde, Gull, and Bear creeks. The surface is level, or gently un- dulating. The soil is a very fertile black loam. Capital, Kalamazoo. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,061, sheep 3,694, swine 13,665 ; wheat 161,168 bush, produced, Ind. corn 125,023, buck- wheat 1,415, barley 5,979, oats 157,866, potatoes 71,355, sugar 44,439 pounds ; 20 stores, capital $78,300 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 6 grist m., 22 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 19,440. 1 college, 70 students, 1 acad. 20 students, 50 schools, 1,739 scholars. Pop. 7,380. Kalamazoo, p-t., capital of Kalamazoo co., Mich., 141 w. Detroit, 605 W. The v. is situated on the w. bank of Kalamazoo r. It has a court house, jail, the Huron Literary Institute, and a branch of the University oi' Michigan, a l)ranch of Michigan bank, 1 Presbyterian church, 8 stores, 1 flourmg m. Tliere are in the t., 13 stores, cap. $38,300 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weeldy newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $12,900. 2 sch. 110 scholars. Pop. 1,290. Kalamo, t., Eaton co., Mich. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. ,$500. Pop. 139. Kalida, p-v., capital of Putnam co., O., 114 n. w. Colmnbus, 479 W. Situated on the e. bank of Ottowa r., H m. from its junction with Au- glaize r. It contains a court house, jail, 3 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. Kanakanic, t., Milwaukee co., Wis. It has 1 sch. 9 scholars. Pop. 404. Kanawha, river, Va., rises in North Carolina, and, running n. and n. w., falls into the Ohio, at Point Pleasant, 252 ms. below Pittsburg. About 100 ras. from its mouth are tlie Great Falls, where the r. descends perpendicularly 50 feet. On its KAN 318 KEE banks, 66 ms. from its mouth, are Kanawha salt works, where the r. is 150 yards wide. The salt region extends 15 miles on the river, and the salt now manufactured amoimts to 1,500,000 bushels annually, and may be indefinitely increased. The salt water is obtained by boring through a formation of rock, from 300 to 500 feet deep, and the water rises in copper or tin tubes, which ex- clude the fresh water to the level of the surface of the r. along its margin. It is then raised 40 feet, to the top of the bank, by forcing pumps, moved by steam engines. The bituminous coal which abounds in tlie vicinity, is used for evapo- rating the water. These works employ, in vari- ous ways, about 1,000 men, and the salt is afford- ed at from 30 to 35 cents a bushel. Green Brier r. enters the Kanawha 40 or 50 miles above the falls, just before it passes the Iron Mountain. Its other principal branches are Elk r. on the N., and Coal r. on the s. Kanawha, county, Va. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 2,000 sq. ms. Wa- tered by Kanawha river and its tributaries. Elk r. and Coal r., and various creeks. It contains coal in abundance, and valuable salt springs. Capital, Charleston. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,690, sheep 3,810, swine 7,944 ; wheat 14,539 bushels produced, Ind. corn 203,075, oats 22,657, potatoes 7,686, sugar 7,490 pounds, salt 1,000,000 bush., bituminous coal 6,325,000; 29 stores, cap. $117,000; 2 flouring m., 13 grist m., 27 saw m., 9 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $49,600. 19 sch. 408 scholars. Pop. whites 10,910, slaves 2,560, free colM 97; total, 13,567. Kanawha, C. H,, p-v., capital of Kanawha CO., Va., 313 w. N, w. Richmond, 350 W. This place is also called Charleston. Situated on the N. bank of Great Kanawha r., 60 miles above its mouth, in tlie Ohio, at the junction of Elk r. Its main street extends a mile on the Kanawha, and reaches to Elk r. It contains a court house, jail, a branch of the bank of Virgmia, a masonic hall, 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Metho- dist — a female academy, 13 stores, 2 steam saw m., 1 steam flouring m., 1 tannery, and about 130 dwellings. The Kanawha is here 300 yds. wide and 20 feet deep, at low water, and is navigable by steamboats, Kanawha Saline, p-v., Kanawha co., Va., 307 w. N. w. Richmond, 344 W. Situated on the N. w. side of Kanawha r., and contains a Metho- dist and a Presbyterian church, 3 stores and about 25 dwellings. It is connected with the salt trade in the vicinity. Kane, county. 111. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 1,296 sq. ras. Watered by Fox river and its branches, which afford water power. Formed from La Salle county, in 1836. It is well timbered. Capital, Geneva. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,858, sheep 1,262, swine 17,279; wheat 150,110 bushels pro- duced, rye 1,363, Indian corn 151,310, barley 5,980, oats 167,463, potatoes 77,372, sugar 1,400 pounds ; 16 stores, cap. $60,746 ; 2 distilleries, 6 grist m., 22 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $113,910. 39 sch. 1,153 scholars. Pop. 6,501, Kane, p-o., Greene co.. 111., 76 s. w. Spring- field, 826 W. Kankakee, r.. 111., one of the principal streams which form Illinois river. Its source is in the N. part of la., and after entering Illinois, it receives the Iroquois cr. from the s., and it unites with the Des Plaines, at Dresden, below which the united streams become the Illinois river. Kankakee, p-o., La Salle co.. 111., 152 N. E. by N. Springfield, 755 W. Situated at the junc- tion of Kankakee and Des Plaines rs. It has 1 store, several saw m., and 4 or 5 houses. The situation is low, and a part of it liable to be over- flowed. Kanotin, county, Mich. Situated on Lake Huron, N. of Saginaw bay, and contains 570 sq. miles. Unorganized. Kansas, r., Indian ter., rises between the Platte and the Arkansas rivers, near the Rocky mountains, and receiving several large tributaries on the N. side, it passes through the Indian ter., and enters the Missouri at the w. boundary of the state of Mo. Its whole course is about 1,200 miles, for 900 of which it is navigable. It is 340 yards wide at its mouth. Kaposia, p-o., St. Croix co.. Wis. Karthaus, p-v., Covington t., Clearfield co., Pa., 114 N. w. Harrisburg, 206 W. Situated on the N. bank of the West branch of Susquehanna r. There are coal and iron works near the village, and salt springs in the vicinity. Kaseys, p-o., Bedford co., Va., 154 w. by s. Richmond, 229 W. K ASK ASK I A, r.. 111., rises in Champaign county, and after a course s. s. w. of 300 miles, enters the Mississippi, 7 miles below Kaskaskia v. It is navigable, in high water, to Vandalia, 150 miles from its mouth. Kaskaskia, p-v., capital of Randolph co.. 111., 142 s. Springfield, 834 W. It is situated on the w. side of Kaskaskia r., 7 miles from its junction with the fliississippi. It was settled by the French about 1683, and, in 1763, when ceded to Great Britain, it contained 100 families ; it has now about 800 inhabitants, most of whom are of French descent. It has a brick court house, a jail, a U. S. land office, a Roman Catholic church, a nunnery and female boarding school, 4 stores and 300 dwellings. Katahdin, mt., Me., situated between the e. and w. branches of Penobscot r., is 5,300 feet above tidewater. It is isolated and steep, and can be seen from Bangor, 70 mUes, in a n. n. vv. direction. The view from the top is vastly extensive, and at once beautiful and grand. Kaukalin, p-v.. Brown co., Wis., 148 n. n. e. Madison, 953 W. Situated on the w. side of Fox or Neenah r., at the rapids of the same name. Kautawaubet, county, Mich., a northern county, and contains 576 sq. ms. Watered by Manistee r. and branches. Unorganized. Kayaderosseras, mts., N. Y., extend about 60 miles, in Warren, Saratoga, and Fulton coun- ties, between Schroon branch of Hudson r. and Lake George, generally from 8 to 1,200 feet high, but subsiding toward the s. A creek of the same name flows from these mountains s. e. into Sara- toga lake, affording valuable water power. Kavkakee, county, Mich., a central county, and contains 576 sq. ms. Watered by Maskegon r. and a branch of Tittibawassee river. Unor- ganized. Keasearge, mt., Salisbury t., Merrimac co., N. H., is 2,461 feet above the level of the sea. It is 25 N. w. Concord. Keating, t., McKean co., Pa. The surface is hilly and broken, with extensive and rich al- luvial bottoms. The Alleghany r. flows through it, and receives Potatoe cr., nearly as large as itself It has 1 acad. 30 students, 4 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 893. Kearsly, p-t., Genesee co., Mich. Pop. 115. Keelersville, p-v., Van Buren co., Mich., 175 w. Detroit, 636 W. It has 1 store and several mechanics. Keene, p-t., with Charlestown the capital of Cheshire county, N. H., 80 w. n. w. Boston, 48 KEL 319 KEN w. s. w. Concord, 4'24 W. The v. is pleasantly situated on a plain, on the e. side of Ashuelot r., at a little distance from it. The principal street is a mile long, with ample width, and ornamented with trees. The houses are neat, and some of them elegant. It contains a court house, jail, a bank, a Congregational church, a printing office. About a mile from the v., a canal from the Ashu- elot r. aflTords good water power, on wliich are several mills and manufactories. There are in the t., 25 stores, cap. $132,300; 1 furnace, 1 ful- ling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 glass fac, 2 priming offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly newspa- pers, 3 periodicals, 3 gri.st m., 7 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $98,262. 2 acad. 261 students, 13 sch. 695 scholars. Pop. 2,610. Keene, p-t., Essex co., N. Y., 138 n. Albany, 513 W. The surface is mountainous, containing Mount Marcy, the highest peak of the Adiron- dack range, 5,467 feet above tidewater in Hud- son r. Drained by branches of Ausable r., which afford very extensive water power. It has sev- eral small lakes, celebrated for their large trout. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 1 fulling m., 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $2,620. 4 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 730. KEE^E, p-v.. Jessamine county, Ky., 33 s. e. Frankfort, 531 W. Keene, p-t., Coshocton co., O., 99 n. e. by E. Columbus, 344 W. The v. was organized in 1820, and contains 2 churches, 3 stores, and about 200 inhabitants. It has 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $900. 1 sch. 56 scholars. Pop. 1,043. Keene, p-o., Hillsdale co., Mich. Keeney's Settlement, p-o., Cortland co., N. Y., 134 w. Albany, 333 W. Keesville, p-v., Ausable and Chesterfield t., Clinton and Essex cos., N. Y. Situated 4 w. Lake Champlain, on both sides of Ausable river, which aflbrds extensive water power. It con- tains 4 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist and 1 Roman Catholic — an academy, bank, 18 stores, 1 forge, 1 rolling m., 1 nail fac,, which produces 100 tons of nails annually, 1 woollen fac, 2 flouring m., 4 saw m., 1 furnace and machine shop, 1 plaster m., 1 tannery, a printing office, 300 dwellings, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Its growth has been exceedingly rapid. Keepatau, p-o.. Cook co., HI., 178 n. e. by n. Springfield, 745 W. Keitils, p-o., Morgan co., O., 88 e. by s. Co- lumbus, 318 W. Keith's Mills, p-o., Franklin co., Me., 30 n. w. Augusta, 616 W. Kellertown, p-v., Wilkinson co., Miss., 118 s. w. by s. Jackson, 1,128 W. Kelley's Mills, p-o., Lawrence co., O., 109 s. s. E. Columbus, 405 W. Kellogg's Store, p-o., Jackson co., Ga., 104 N. by w. 3Iil ledge ville, 639 W. Kelloggsville, p-v., Niles t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 158 w. Albany, 329 W. It contains 1 Pres- byterian church, 2 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Kelloggville, p-o., Monroe t., Ashtabula co., O., 222 N. E. Columbus, 337 W. Kelly, t.. Union co.. Pa., 9 n. New Berlin. The surface is undulating ; soil, calcareous loam. Drained by Buffalo cr. and its branches. It has 1 store, cap. $9,000 ; 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,000. 5 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 788.^ Kelly, t., Ottawa co., O., comprehends Cun- ningham's island in Lake Erie. Pop. 68. Kelly's Creek, p-o., St. Clair co., Ala., 101 N. E. by E. Tuscaloosa, 753 W. Kelly's Ferry, p-o., Meigs co., Tenn., 137 e. s. E. Nashville, 569 W. The ferry crosses the Tennessee r. Kelly's Spring, p-o., Talladega co., Ala., 122 E. Tuscaloosa, 757 W. Kelso, p-t., Dearborn co., la., 84 s. e. Indian- apolis, 531 W. Pop. 1,450. Kelso, t., Scott co.. Mo. Pop. 476. Kelvin Grove, p-o., Wake co., N. C, 10 n. Raleigh, 294 W. Kemblesville, p-o., Chester co.. Pa., 76 e. s. E. Harrisljurg, 99 W. KempePv, county. Miss. Situated in the E. part of the state, and contains 750 sq. ms. Watered by Sookanitchie r. and a branch of Oktibbeha r. Capital. De Kalb. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 12,251, sheep 1,999, swine 20,814; wheat 7,855 bush, produced, Indian corn 238,017, oats 10,4-11, potatoes 22,997, tobacco 1,646 pounds, cot- ton 3,926,565 ; 18 stores, cap. $99,958 ; 8 cotton fac. 48 sp., 1 tannery, 3 flouring m., 13 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $83,265. 4 acad. 133 students. 11 sch. 285 scholars. Pop. whitea 4,612, slaves'3,040, free col'd 11 ; total, 7,663. Kemp's Creek, p-o., Benton co., Ala., 170 e. N. E. Tuscaloosa, 744 W. Kejipsville, p-v., Princess Ann co., Va., 116 s. E. by E. Richmond, 240 W. Situated on the e. branch of Elizabeth r., at the head of tidewater. It contains 1 Baptist church, several stores, 1 tan- nery, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Kenansville, p-v., capital of Duplin co., N. C, 89 s. E. Raleigh, 319 W. Situated on the s. side of Grove cr., a branch of Cape Fear r. It contains a court house and several dwellings. Kendall, county. 111. Situated in the n. e- prart of the state, and contains 324 sq. ms. Water- ed by Fox r. Surface undulating; soil, fertile. Capital, Yorkville. Kendall, p-t., Orleans co., N. Y., 249 w. by n. Albany, 398 W. It is bounded n. by Lake Ontario. The surface is nearly level, rising gen- tly from the lake ; soil, sandy and gravelly loam. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,150; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,150. 14 sch. 664 scholars. Pop. 1,692. Kendall, p-o., Logan co., O., 79 n. v/. by w, Columbus, 466 W. Kendall, p-v.. Van Buren co., Mich., 167 w, Detroit, 613 W. Kendall, p-o., Beaver co.. Pa., 233 w. by n. Harrisburg, 260 W. Kendall, p-o., Marshall co., Va. Ke.xdall, p-o., Allen co., la., 137 N. E. by n. Indianapolis, .549 W. Kendall, p-o.. Clay co.. Mo., 164 w. N. w. Jeflerson city, 1,069 W. Kendall Creek, p-o., McKean co.. Pa. Kendall's Mills, p-o., Somerset co.. Me. Kendall's Store, p-o., Montgomery co., N. C, 143 w. s. w. Raleigh, 380 W. Kendallville, p-v., Noble co., la., 159 n. n. E. Indianapolis, 581 W. Kennebec, r., Me., next to the Penobscot the most important river in the state, has its principal source in the outlet of Moosehead lake; but 20 ms. below it receives Dead r., which is a longer branch, and ri.ses within 5 ms. of the Chaudiere, wiiich flows into the St. Lawrence. Its general course is s. by e., with several considerable curves. Its course from its remotest source is about 200 ms. Its largest tributary is the Andro- scoggin, which enters it from the w. 18 ms. from the ocean. It is navigable for large ships 12 ms. to Bath, for sloops of 150 tons 40 ms. to Ilallowell^ KEN 320 KEN and for sloops 2 ms. further to Augusta, the head of tidewater, and for boats to Water^•ille, 18 ms. above Augusta. It has important falls at Water- ville, and at 3 other places above, affording great water power. There are bridges at Augusta, at Canaan, and at Norridgewock. It is generally closed with ice 4 months in the year at Hallow- ell, but usually open at all seasons below Bath. The most important towns on the river are Bath, Hallowell, Augusta, Waterville, and Norridge- wock. It flows through a fertile country, and is the medium of an extensive trade. Kennebec, county, Me. Situated in the cen- tral part of the state, and contains 1,050 sq. miles. Kennebec r. runs through the centre of the co. It has many small lakes and ponds, the outlets of which, with the Kennebec, aflbrd extensive water power. It possesses great facilities for commerce. The surface is undulating, and tlie soil fertUe. Capital, Augusta. There were in 1840, neat cattle 35,595, sheep 82,759, swine 11,825; wheat 86,514 bush, produced, rye 9,830, Ind. corn 154,049, buckwheat 3,510, barley 57,057, oats 132,583, potatoes 1,165,399, sugar 18,915 lbs. ; 235 stores, cap. $486,450 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $8,000 ; 1 furnace, 19 fulling in., 3 woollen fac, 43 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 55 grist m., 131 saw m., 4 oil m., 3 paper fac, 7 printing of- fices, 4 binderies, 1 periodical, 6 weekly news- papers. Cap. in manufac. $616,886. 2 colleges, 95 students, 12 acad. 1,311 students, 334 schools 17,163 scholars. Pop. 55,823. Kennebunk, p-t., and port of entry, York co.. Me., 75 s. s. w. Augusta, 517 W. Situated on tlie s. w. side of Kennebunk r., at its entrance into the Atlantic, which affords a good harbor. It has considerable shipping employed in the coast- ing trade and the fisheries. It has 17 stores, cap. $31,159; 1 cotton fac. 1,064 .sp., 3 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly paper, 1 grist ra., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $92,495. 2 acad. 175 stu- dents, 11 sch. 885 scholars. Pop. 2,323. Kennebunkport, p-t., York co.. Me., 78 s. s. w. Augusta, 520 W. Situated on the n. e. side of Kennebunk r., opposite to Kennebunk, with which its trade is united. It has 11 stores, cap. $25,000 ; 2 furnaces, 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,500. 1 acad. 30 students, 13 sch. 1,150 scholars. Pop. 2,768. Kennedy's, p-o., Brunswick co., Va., 91 s. by w. Augusta, 207 W. Kennedvsville, p-v., Batht., Steuben co., N. v., 223 w. by s. Albany, 303 W. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Christian church, 2 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 saw m., 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Kennet, t., Chester co.. Pa., 28 s. w. Philadel- phia. The .surface is hilly ; soil, a fertile calca- reous loam, well cultivated. Drained by Red Clay cr. It has 4 stores, cap. ,$15,500 ; 1 tan- nery, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Capital in manufac. $12^550. 6 sch. 238 scholars. Pop. 1,220. Kennet Square, p-v., Kennet t., Chester co., Pa., 74 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 105 W. Situated in the N. w. corner of Kennet t., and contains 1 Friends church, 1 store, and 15 or 20 dwellings. Kennonsville, p-v., Lewis co., Mo., 128 n. by K. Jefferson city, 942 W. Kensington, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 41 s. E. Concord, 478 W. The surface is nearly level. Formed from Hampton in 1837. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,600 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 3 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 665. Kensington, p-v., Berlin t., Hartford co., Ct., 13 s. s. w. Hartford, d>3 W. Kensington, p-t., Pliiladelphia co.. Pa., 100 e. by s. Harrisburg, 140 W. It constitutes a suburb of Philadelphia, in the n. e. part, along the Dela- ware r. ; and tliough it has a separate govern- ment, under 15 commissioners, should be regard- ed as a part of the city. It contains vanous manufacturing establishments of cotton, woollen, iron, and glass, and considerable ship building. Tliere were in 1840, 1 commission house, and 1 12 stores, capital $107,900 ; 7 lumber yards, capital $116,500 ; 9 woollen fac, 15 cotton lac. 700 sp., 3 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 glass fac, 4 rope fac. Cap. in manufac. $721,600. 6 acad. 676 students, 5 sch. 674 scholars. Pop. 22,314. (See Pliila- delphia.) Kensington, p-v., Lyon t., Oakland co., Mich., 35 w. by N. Detroit, 544 W. It has 2 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., and about 30 dweihngs, some of which are neat and elegant. Kent, county, R. I. Situated in the centre of the slate, and contains 186 sq. ms. The surfece is uneven and rough ; soil, gravelly and sandy loam, adapted to grazing. Drained by Pawtuxet and Flat rs., which afford water power. It haa flourishing manufactures, and some commerce. Capital, East Greenwich. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,898, sheep 10,408, swine 4,221 ; wheat 494 bush, produced, rye 6,066, Ind. corn 64,112, barley 3,805, oats 11,915, potatoes 136,644; 103 stores, capital $179,610; 5 lumber yards, capital $11,200; 9 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 45 cotton i'ac. 100,010 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 rope fac, 27 grist m., 25 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,661,500. 6 acad. 250 students, 64 sch. 1,974 scholars. Pop. 13,083. Kent, county, Del. Situated in the centre of the state, and contains 640 sq. ms. Delaware bay bounds it on the E. Drained by Jones, Little Duck, and Mother Kill crs. The surface is gen- tly uneven, and the soil fertile. Capital, Dover. There were in 1840, neat cattle 17,477, sheep 13,780, swine 27,080; wheat 85,342 bush, pro- duced, rye 21,745, Ind. corn 626,835, buckwheat 3,680, oats 294,231, potatoes 6^,375; 66 stores, cap. $207,640 ; 9 lumber yards, cap. $10,500 ; 1 fulluig m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 20 grist m.. 16 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 periodical. Cap. in manufac. $106,000. 2 acad. 65 students, 46 sch. 2,997 scholars. Pop. whites 13,618, slave.s 427, free col'd 5,827 ; total, 19,872. Kent, county, Md. Situated toward the n. e. part of the state, and contains 240 sq ms. Drain- ed by Chester r. The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, various. Capital, Chester. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,498, sheep 9,109, swine 14,921 ; wheat 133,147 bush, produced, rye 3,250, Ind. corn 502,439, buckwheat 1,118, oats 277,393, potatoes 33,563; 270 stores, cap. $62,040 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 7 flouring m., 13 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $28,370. 3 colleges, 80 students, 1 acad. 18 stu- dents, 14 sch. 474 scholars. Pop. whites 5,616, slaves 2,735, free col'd 2,491 ; total, 10,842. Kent, county, Mich. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Drained by Grand r. and its tributaries, which afford good water power. The surface is undulating or hilly ; soil, deep vegetable loam, and fertile. Limestone and salt springs are found. Capital, Kent, or Grand Rapids. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,271, sheep 222, swine 2,460 ; wheat 18,750 bush, produced, Ind. corn 13,320, oats 17,320, potatoes 16,700, sugar 5,080 pounds ; 2 com. houses, cap. $13,000 ; 12 stores, cap. $35,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 18 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $140,600. 9 sch. 303 scholars Pop. 2,587. KEN 321 KEN Kent, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 51 w. Hartford, 323 W. Situated ou botii sides of Housatonic r., by which, and its branches, it is watered, and which afford good water power. The surface is mountainous, and tlie soil, in the mountains, gravelly and hard ; in the valleys, a calcareous loam, and fertile. An extensive bed of iron ore is here found. Incorporated in 1739. It con- tains 3 churches— 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist. Tlie v. is on the e. side of the Housatonic, which is here crossed by a bridge. The Housatonic railroad passes tlu'ongh the t. on tlie E. side of the r. It has 6 stores, cap. $14,500 ; 3 furnaces, 2 forges, 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,550. 12 sell, 475 scholars. Pop. 1,759. Kent, p-t., Putnam co., N. Y. 99 s. Albany, 292 W. The surlace is hilly and mountainous ; soil, well adapted to grazing. Drauied by the head waters of Croton r. It has 6 stores, cap. $9,850 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $30,200 ; 10 sch. 4S0 scholars. Pop. 1,830. Kent, p-o., Indiana co., Pa., 165 w. by n. Harrisburg, 218 VV. Kent, p-t., Kent co., Mich., 168 w. n. w. De- troit, 649 W. Kent's Hill, p-o., Kennebec co., Me., 14 Au- gusta, 604 W. Kenton, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 150 sq. ms. It is bounded n. by the Ohio r., and e. by Lickhig r. Surface undulaling, soil fertile. Capital, Inde- pendence. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,529, sheep 7,523, swine 13,774 ; wheat, 53,987 bush, produced, rye 4,738, Ind. corn 294,635, oats 28,989, potatoes 10,823, tobacco 601,774 pounds, sugar 5,589 ; 33 stores, cap. $76,825 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $15,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 colloii fac. 2,332 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 14 grist m., 4 saw m., 2 printing olllces, 2 weekly news- papers. Cap. in manudic. $176,050. 15 sch. 354 scholars. Pop. whiles 7,033, slaves 751, free col'd 34 ; total, 7,816. Kenton, p-t., capital of Hardin co., O., 71 n. w. Columbus, 442 W. The v. is situated on the N. side of Scioto r. It contains 6 churches — 1 Lutheran, 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Seceder, 1 Associate Reformed, 1 of Disciples — 4 stores and 75 dwellings, 3 sch. 109 scholars. Pon. 299. ^ Kentontown, p-v., Harrison co., Ky., 53 n. E. Frankfort, 489 W. Situated in the n. e. cor- ner oY the county. Kentuckv, r., Ky., from which the state de- rives its name, rises by 3 principal branches in the Cumberland mountains, denominated the North, Middle and South Forks, wliich unite in Estill CO. From this point is pursues a circuitous course, in its lower parts, generally n. n. w., imtil it enters Ohio r. at Carrollton. The dis- tance i'rom the mouth to the forks, is 260 ms. by the course of the r. ; but is only 112 ms. in a di- rect line. Steamboats of 300 tons formerly na- vigated this r. to Frankibrt, in time of high water. But the navigation from the mouth to the forks of the r. has been imjiroved by the construction of 17 dams, creating pools, and 17 locks, connect- ing them. The dams are from 350 to 500 feet long, and from 20 to 25 feet high, and the locks are 178 feet long, and 33 feet wide, and the least depth through the whole course is 6 feet, so that boats of a less draft than this, can navigate it at all times. The difference of level overcome by the locks, is 210 feet. The estimated cost of the whole, is $2,297,409. KENTUCKY. Kentucky, one of the western United States, is bounded n. by Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, from which it is separated by the Ohio river ; e. by Virginia ; s. by Tennessee ; and w. by the Missis- sippi, wliich separates it from Missoiuri. It is between 36° 30' and 39° 10' n. lat., and between 81° 50' and 89° 20' w. Ion., and between 5° and 10° w. Ion. from W. Its greatest length Ls about 400 miles, and breadth 170 miles, containing 40,500 square miles, or 25,920,000 acres. The popu- lation in 1790 was 73,677 ; in 1800, 220,959; in 1810, 406,511 ; in 1820, 564,317; in 1830, 688,844; in 1840, 779,828, of which 182,258 were slaves. Of the free population, 305,323 were white mains ; 281,930 do. females ; 3,761 were colored males ; 3,556 do. females. Employed in agriculture, 197,738 ; in commerce, 3,448; in manufactures and trades, 23,217 ; navigating the ocean, 44; canals, lalies, and rivers, 968 ; in minuig, 331 ; learned professions, 2,4S7. There are 90 counties in this state, which with their population in 1840, and their capitals, were as follows : Ad.\ir, 8,466, Columbia ; Allen, 7,329, Scottsville ; B.viiren, 17,288, Glasgow ; B.\th, 9,763, Ovvingsville; Boone, 10,034, Burlington; Bouubo.n, 14,478, Paris; Bre.vthitt, 2,195, Breathitt; Br.\cken, 7,053, Augusta; Breckenridge, 8,941, liardingsburg ; Bulitt, 6,334, Shepherdsville ; Butler, 3,898, Morgantown; Caldwell, 10,365, Princeton; C.vllow.w, 9,794, Wadesborough ; Campbell, 5,214, Newport ; Carroll, 3,966, Carrollton ; Carter, 2,90.5, Gray- son ; Casey, 4,939, Liberty; Christian, 15,587, Hopkinsville ; Clark, 10,802, Winchester; Clay, 4,607, Manchester ; Clinton, 3,863, Albany ; Cumberland, 6,090, Burkesville ; Davies, 8,331, Ovvensborough ; Edmonston, 2,914, Brownsville ; Estill, 5,535, Irvine ; Fayette, 22,194, Lex- ington ; Fleming, 13,268, Flemingsburg ; Floyd, 6,302, Prestonburg; Franklin, 9,420, Frankfort; Gallatin, 4,003, Warsaw; Garrard, 10,480, Lancaster; Grant, 4,192, Williamstown ; Graves, 7,465, Mayfield ; Grayson, 4,461, Litchfield ; Greene, 14,212, Greensburg ; Greenup, 6,297, Greeiiupsburg ; Hancock, 2,581, Havvesville ; Hardin, 16,357, Elizabethtowii ; Harlan, s'ois' Mt. Pleasant ; Harriso.\, 12,472 Cynthiana ; Hart, 7,031, Munfordsville ; Henderson, 9,548,' Henderson ; Henry,10,015, New Castle ; Hickman, 8,968, Clinton ; Hopkins, 9,171, 3Iadisonville ; Jefferson, 36,346, Louisville ; Jessamine, 9,396, Nicholasville ; Kenton, 7,816, Independence ; Knox, 5,722, Barbourville ; Laurel, 3,079, London ; Lawrence, 4,730, Loui.sa ; Levvks, 6,306, Clarksburg ; Lincoln, 10,187, Stanford ; Livingston, 9,025, Smithland ; Logan, 13,615, Russel- ville ; Madiso.\, 16,35.5, Richmond; Marion, 11,i>32, Lebanon; Mason, 15,719, Maysville i KEN 322 KEN McCracken, 4,745, Paducah ; Meade, 5,780, Brandenburg; Mercer, 18,720, Harrodsburg ; Mon- roe, 6,526, Tompkinsville ; Montgomery, 9,332, Mount Sterling; Morgan, 4,603, West Liberty ; MuHLENBURG, 6,964, Greenville ; Nelson, 13,637, Bardstown ; Nicholas, 8,745, Carlisle ; Ohio, 6,592, Hartford ; Oldham, 7,380, La Grange; Owen, 8,232, Owenton ; Pendleton, 4,455, Fal- mouth ; Perry, 3,089, Hazard ; Pike, 3,567, Pikeville ; Pulaski, 9,620, Somerset ; Rockcastle, 3,409, Mount Vernon ; Russell, 4,238, Jamestown ; Scott, 13,668, Georgetown ; Shelby, 17,768, Shelbyville; SmrsoN, 6,537, Franklin; Spencer, 6,581, Taylorsville ; Todd, 9,991, Elkton; Trigg, 7,716, Cadiz; Trimble, 4,480, Bedford; Union, 6,673, Morganfield; Warren, 15,446, Bowling Green ; Washington, 10,596, Springfield; Wayne, 7,399, Monticello ; Whitley, 4,673, Williamsbui^ ; Woodford, 11,710, Versailles. Frankfort, on the E. bank of the Kentucky river, 60 miles above its entrance into the Ohio, is the seat of government. The only mountains in this state, are the Cumberland in the s. E. The eastern counties are mountainous. A tract from 5 to 20 miles wide, along the Ohio river, through the whole length of the state, is hilly and broken, but has a good soil. The margin of the Olrio for about a mile in width consists of bottom lands, whicli are overflowed when the river is high. Between tliis tract of hilly country, the more mountainous eastern counties, and Green river, is a fertile tract, fre- quently denominated the garden of the stale. It is about 150 miles long, and from 50 to 100 wide. The soil is excellent, the surface is gently undulating, and the forest growth, black walnut, black cherry, buckeye, pawpaw, sugar-maple, mulberry, elm, ash, cotton wood, white thorn, and an abun- dance of grape-vines. The country in the s. w. part of the state, between Green and Cumberland rivers, is called " the barrens." In 1800, the legislature of the state made a gratuitous grant of this tract to actual settlers, under the idea that it was of little value ; but it proves to be excellent grain land, and also well adapted to the raising of liogs and cattle. The whole state, below the moun- tains, has at the usual depth of 8 feet a bed of limestone, wlrich has frequent apertures tlu-ougli which the waters of the rivers sink into the earth, causing some of them to disappear for a time, and others to be greatly diminished in the summer season. The banks have generally worn deep channels in the calcareous rocks over which they flow. The precipices formed by the Kentucky are in many places stupendous, presenting perpendicular banks of solid limestone 300 feet liigh, above whicli is a steep and difficult ascent several times as high. In the s. w.part of the state, between Green and Cumberland rivers, are several remarkable caves. One called the Mammoth cave, 130 miles from Lexington on the road to Nashville, is said to be 8 or 10 miles in length, with many diverging apartments. The earth at the bottom of it is strongly impregnated with nitre, which has been, to a considerable extent, manufactured from it. Wheat, tobacco, and hemp are the staple productions ; but Indian corn, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, flax, and potatoes are extensively cultivated. Apples, pears, peaches, and plums are the most common fruits. Horses, horned cattle, pork, bacon, and lard are extensively exported. In this state there were, in 1840, 395,853 horses and mules ; 787,098 neat cattle ; 1,008,240 sheep ; 2,310,533 swine; poultry to the value of $536,439; there tvere produced 4,803,152 bushels of wheat; 17,491 of barley ; 7,155,974 of oats; 1,321,373 of rye ; 8,169 of buckwheat; 39,847,120 of Indian corn ; 1,786,847 pounds of wool ; 742 of hops ; 38,445 of wax ; 1,055,085 bushels of potatoes ; 88,306 tons of hay ; 9,992 of hemp and flax ; 53,436,909 pounds of tobacco ; 16,376 of rice ; 691,456 of cotton ; 737 of silk cocoons ; 1,377,835 of sugar. The products of the dairy amounted to $931,303 ; of the orchard $434,935 ; of lumber $130,329. There were made 2,209 gallons of wine. Among the mineral productions of Kentucky, are iron ore, coal, salt, and lime. The salt licks, as the springs are called, from the fact that cattle and wild animals liave been fond of licldng around them, are numerous, and salt is extensively manufiactured, not only for home consumption, but for exportation. The greater part of the exports of this state pass down the Mississippi to New Orleans, and its chief imports are brought in steamboats through the same river and the Oliio, and other tributaries in this state. The winters are mild, being only of 2 or 3 months continuance, but the atmosphere at that season is moist. Spring and autumn are delightful ; and on the whole, the climate is salubrious. The Ohio, by its various windings, borders this state on the N. for 637 miles. Cumberland and Tennessee rivers pass through the western part of this state as they approach their entrance into the Ohio. Cumberland river, also, rii*es in the eastern part of this state. The Big Sandy is 250 miles long, and, for a considerable distance, forms the boundary between this state and Virginia. It is navigable 50 miles for boats. The Kentucky river rises in the Cumberland mountains, and after a course generally through a deep rocky bed, falls into the Ohio, 77 miles above Louisville. It is navigable by steamboats CO miles to Frankfort. Licking, Green, and Salt, are other consid- erable rivers. The Mississippi runs on the western border of the state. Louisville, on the Ohio, is much the largest and most commercial place in the state. Lexing- ton, the oldest town in the slate, is distinguished for its beauty and refinement as well as for its business. Maysville, on the Ohio, and Frankfort, on the Kentucky, are important places. KEN 323 KEN There were in the state, in 1840, 5 commcreial and 50 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $620,700 ; 1,685 retail drygoods and otiier stores, with a cap. of $9,411,826 ; 571 persons employed in the lumber trade, with a capital of $105,925; 101 persons employed in in- ternal transportation, who, with 183 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $183,850. The amount of home-made or family manufactures, was $2,622,462; there were 40 woollen manufactories, employing 200 persons, manufacturing articles to the amount of $151,246, with a capital of $138,000 ; 58 cotton manufactories, with 12,353 spindles, employing 523 persons, produc- ing articles to the amount of $329,380, with a capital of $316,113 ; 17 furnaces, producing 29,206 Ions of cast iron, and 13 forges, &c., producing 3,637 tons of bar iron, employing 1,108 persons, and a capital of $449,000; 27 person.s produced 2,125 tons of anthracite coal, with a capital of $14,150; 213 persons produced 588,167 tons of bituminous coal, with a capital of $76,627 ; 291 persons pro- duced 219,695 bushels of salt, with a capital of $163,585 ; 100 persons produced granite and marble to the amount of $19,592, with a capital of $6,212; 7 paper mills employed 47 persons, and pro- duced articles to the amount of $44,000, employing a capital of $47,500 ; hats and caps were pro- duced to the amount of $201,310, and straw bonnets to tlie amount of $4,483, employing 194 persons, with a capital of $118,850; 587 persons manufactured tobacco to the amount of $413,585, with a capital of $230,400 ; 387 tanneries employed 978 persons, and a capital of $567,954 ; 548 other manufactories of leather, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the amount of $732,646, with a capital of $369,835 ; 1 glass house produced articles to the amount of $3,000, with a capital of $500 ; 16 potteries, employing 51 persons, produced articles to the amount of $24,090, with a capital of $9,670; 11 powder mills employed 58 persons, and produced 282,500 pounds of gunpowder, with a capital of $42,000; 25 persons produced paints and drugs to the amount of $26,994, and turpentine and varnish to the amount of $2,000, with a capital of $16,630; 28 persons produced confectionery to the amount of $36,050, with a capital of $14,250; 111 rope walks employed 1,888 persons, and produced cordage to the amount of $1,292,276, with a capital of $1,023,130; 6 persons produced musical instruments to the amount of $4,500, with a capital of $5,000 ; 149 persons produced ma- chinery to the amount of $46,074 ; 30 persons produced hardware and cutlery to the amount of $22,350; 109 persons produced 2,341 small-arms, with a capital of $19,060 ; 21 persons manufac- tured the precious metals to the amount of $19,060 ; 657 persons produced bricks and lime to the amount of $240,919 ; 516 persons manufactured 2,282,426 pounds of soap, 563,635 do. of tallow can- dles, and 315 pounds of spermaceti or wax candles, with a capital of $28,765 ; 889 distilleries pro- duced 1,763,685 gallons, and 50 breweries produced 214,589 gallons, the whole employing 1,092 persons, and a capital of $315,308; 533 persons produced carriages and wagons to the amount of $168,724, with a capital of $79,378 ; 253 flouring mills produced 273,088 barrels of flour, and with other mills employed 2,067 persons, producing articles to the amount of $2,437,937, witii a capital of $1,650,689; 453 persons manufactured furniture to the amount of $273,350, with a capital of $139,295 ; 485 stone or brick houses, and 1,757 wooden houses employed 2,883 persons, and cost $1,039,172 ; 34 printing oflices, 3 binderies, 5 daily, 7 semi-weekly, and 26 weekly newspapers, and 8 periodicals, employed 226 persons, and a capital of $86,325. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures was $5,945,259. The Transylvania University, at Lexington, was founded in 1798, and is an important institution. Centre College, at Danville, was founded in 1822 ; St. Joseph's College, at Bardstown, (Catholic,) was founded in 1819 ; Augusta College, at Augusta, (Methodist,) was founded in 1825; Cumber- land College, at Princetown, was founded in 1825 ; Georgetown College, at Georgetown, (Gajitist,) was founded hi 1829; Bacon College, at Harrodsburg, was founded in 1836 ; St. Mary's College, Marion county, (Catholic,) was founded in 1837. There is a flourishing medical department con- nected with the Transylvania University, and a medical institution at Louisville. In these institu- tions there were, in 1840, 1,419 students. There were in the stale 116 academies and grammar schools, with 4,906 students; 952 common and primary schools, with 24,641 scholars; and 40,010 free white persons, over 20 years of age, who could neither read nor write. In 1836, the Bajitists, the most numerous denomination, had 500 churches, about 300 ministers, and 35,000 communicants; the Methodists 100 travelling preachers, and 31,369 communicants; the Presbyterians 120 churches and 8 or 10,000 communicants ; the Episcopalians 1 bishop and 13 ministers ; the Roman Catholics, 1 bishop and 34 ministers. There is also a considerable num- ber of Cumberland Presbyterians, Reformed Baptists, 2 societies of Shakers, and 1 of Unitarians. At the commencement of 1840, this state had 14 banks and branches, with an aggregate capital of $7,789,003, and a circulation of $3,476,367. At the close of 1840, the state debt amounted to $4,665,000. The first constitution was formed in 1790, and the present one in 1799. The governor is elected for 4 years by the people, and is ineligible for the next seven. A lieutenant-governor is chosen at the same time, who is president of the senate, and who, in case of the death or absence of the governor, succeeds to his duties. The senators are elected for 4 years, one quarter of them being chosen annually. Their number cannot eiceed 38 nor be less tlian 24. The representatives are KEY 324 KIL chosen annually, and apportioned every 4 years among the counties accordmg to the number of electors. Every free white male citizen who is 21 years of age, and has resided 2 years in the state, or county in wliich he offers his vote, one year next preceding the election, has the right of suf- frage. Votes are given openly, or viva voce, and not by ballot. The judges of the several courts hold their offices during good behavior. A short but most important work of internal improvement is the Louisville and Portland canal, 2^ miles long, around the rapids in the Ohio river at Louisville. It admits steamboats of the largest class, is excavated 10 feet deep, in solid limestone, and cost $730,000. The navigation of Ken- tucky, Licking, and Green rivers, has been extensively improved by dams and locks. The Lex- ington and Ohio railroad extends from Lexington to Frankfort, and is intended to be continued to Louisville. Several other railroads have been projected. This state was first explored by Daniel Boone, an enterprising hunter, in 1770. The first white family settled near Lexington in 1775. The first settlers were greatly annoyed by the Indians, until Gen. Clark took their posts and broke up their haunts, in 1778. This state originally belonged to Virginia, and in 1783, was erected into a separate district by the name of Kentucky. In 1789 it was separated from Virginia, and in 1792 was admitted into the Union. KentuckyviIjLE, p-v., Su.^quehannah co.. Pa., 174 N. E. by N. Harrisburg, 278 W. Kkokuck, p-v., Lee co., Iowa. Situated on the w. side of 3Iississippi r., at the foot of the lower rapids. It is laid out on a mile square, and has about 150 or 200 inhabitants. Kkpner's, p-o., Schuylkill co.. Pa., 73 n. e. Harrisburg, 183 W. Kehnersville, p-o., Stokes co., N. C, 98 w. N. w. Raleigh, 309 W. Kern's Mills, p-o., Lehigh co.. Pa., 88 e. n. E. Harrisburg, 181 W. Kernsville, p-v., Moore t., Northampton co., Pa., 103 E. N. E. Harrisburg, 198 W. It has 1 store, a grist m., a tannery, and 4 or 5 dwellings. Kersey's, p-o., Clearfield co., Pa., 150 n. w. Harrisburg, 242 W. Kershaw, district, S. C. Situated a little n. E. of the centre of the state, and contains 792 sq. ms. Drained by Wateree r. and its branches. Situated on the n. w. end of an island of the same name, otherwise called Thompson's island, 4 ms. long and 1 wide, one of the Florida keys. It has a fine harbor, admitting vessels requiring 27 feet of water, and capable of being well forti- fied. It may become the key to the Gulf of Mexico, as the passage here is safer, and 90 ms. nearer than round the Tortugas, and has 9 feet of water. It was incorporated in 1829, and con- tains a court house, jail, 1 Episcopal church, 22 stores and groceries, 2 large warehouses, 110 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. It is finely situated for a naval station. It has a light house. Sixteen or 17,000 bushels of salt are manufactur- ed annually by solar evaporation. The ihemio- meter ranges from 50° to 90° of Fahrenheit. The whole island lies on a bed of limestone, about 1 foot beneath the surface. Wells are dug into the rock, to the level of the sea, which afford fresh water, but rain water is chiefly used. The and by Lynch and Little Lynch creeks and 1 inhabitants are principally employed as " wreck- branches. The river lands are remarkable for their fertility ; the uplands are sandy, but fertile when cultivated. Capital, Camden. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,494, sheep 15,984, swine 2,004 ; wheat 4,744 bush, produced, Ind. corn 160,300, oats 11,525, potatoes 10,080, cotton 14,475 poimds; 29 stores, cap. $21,600; 1 cotton fac. 120 sp., 4 tannerip.s, 8 riouring m., 34 gi-ist m., 10 saw rn., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspa- per. Cap. in manufac. $123,700. 3 acad. 127 students, 13 sch. 304 scholars. Pop. wiiites 3,988, slaves 8,043, free col'd 250; total, 12,281. Keskk.\uko, county, Mich., in the n. part of the state, and e. side of Lake Michigan, and Lit- tle Traverse bay. Ketcham's Corners, p-o., Stillwater t., Sara- toga CO., N. Y. p-o., Hartford co., Ct., 14 Milwaukee co.. Wis., 72 e. Ketch's Mills, Hartford, 350 W. Kewaunee, p-v., Madison, 813 W. Keyport, p-v., Middletown t., Monmouth co., N. .1., 46 E. by N. Trenton, 813 W. Keysburg, p-v., Logan co., Ky., 194 s. w. Frankfort, 721 W. Keysburg, p-v.. Pike co., El., 77 w. by s. Springfield, 857 W. Keyserville, p-o., Livingston co., N. Y. Keysville, p-v., Charlotte co., Va., 93 s. w. by w. Richmond, 183 W. Keytesville, p-v., capital of Chariton co.. Mo., 91 N. vv. Jefferson city, 985 W. Situated 2 ms. w. of the Grand Chariton r., and 15 ms. n. from its entrance into the Missoiu-i r. It has a court house, jail, and 200 inhabitants. Key West, p-v., capital of Moiuoe co., Flor. ers.' About 15 vessels are wrecked annually, on the Florida reef, and these persons are em- ployed in savuig the property, and receive, on an average, about $77,000 annually. Kezar Falls, p-o., York co.. Me., 80 s. w. Augusta, 547 W. KiAMisHi, r., Indian ter., rises in Arkansas, and enters Red r. 6 ms. below Fort Towson. KiDRON, p-v., Coweta co., Ga., 96 w. by n. Milledgeville, 700 W. KiDRON, p-v., Cherokee nation, Indian ter. (See Dwight.) Kilbourn, p-o., Delaware co., O., 29 n. Co- lumbus, 413 W. KiLGORE, p-o., Carroll co., O., 118 e. n. e. Columbus, 289 W. Kilkenny, p-t., Coos co., N. H., 106 n. Con- cord, 575 W. Chartered in 1744, but being a mountainous region, with little land that invites cultivation, it has been little settled. The wild animals of the forest hold the chief possession. It has 1 sell. 10 scholars. Pop. 19. Killbuck, p-o.. Great Valley t., Cattaraugus CO., ]N. Y. Killbuck, p-t.. Holmes co., O., 80 n. e. Co- lumbus, 350 W. Situated on Killbuck cr. It has 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,235. Pop. 910. Killiam's Mills, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 177 w. by s. Raleigh, 414 W. Killingly, p-t., Windham co., Ct., 47 E. Hart- ford, 378 W. The surface is imeven and rough, but the soil on the streams is fertile, and other- wise adapted to grazing. Watered by Quinne- baug r. and its branches, whicli atlord extensive water power. It has 3 fine villages all in sight KIN 325 KTN of each other. The t. was chartered in 1709. It has 22 stores, cap. $56,100 ; 1 furnace, 1 wool- len fac, 16 cotton fac. 21,998 sp., 1 tannery, 8 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $401,950. 1 acad. 100 students, 20 sch. 996 scholars. Pop. 3,685. KiLLiNGWORTH, p-t., Middlesex cc, Ct., 49 s. by E. Hartford, 326 W. Situated on Long Isl- and sound. The .s»irface is level on the s., but more uneven and rough on the n. ; soil, sandy and gravelly loam. It has a good harbor for small vessels. Drained by Hammonasset and Menuketesuck rivers. It has 3 stores, capital $ 1,900 ; 1 fidling m., 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,050. 7 sch. 171 scholars. Pop. 1,130. Kilmarnock, p-t., Piscataquis cc, Me., 104 n. K. Augusta, 701 W. Watered by Piscataquis r. and a tributary, the outlet of Otter pond. It has 1 tannery, 1 saw m., 5 sch. 122 scholars. Pop. 319. Kilmarnock, p-v., Lancaster co., Va., 90 e. Richmond, 150 W. Situated on Chesapeake bay, at the mouth of a small or. It contains 4 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 2 Method- ist — 3 stores, and about 140 inhabitants. KiLLiNGTON Peak, Vt., a summit of the Green Mountains in the s. part of Sherburne t., 2,924 leet above tidewater. Ki.MBERTON, p-v., E. Pikeland t., Chester co., Pa., 75 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 153 W. It contains a store, a boarding school, and 5 or 6 dwellings. KiMBOLTON, p-v., Guernsey co., O., 88 e. Co- lumlius, 327 W. KiMULGA, p-o., Shelby co., Ala., 97 e. Tusca- loosa, 769 W. Kimble, t., Athens co., O. It has 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. Pop. 762. Kincannon's Ferry, p-o., Meigs co., Tenn. KiNDERHOOK, county, Mo. Situated a little s. w. of tlte centre of the state, and contains 520 sq. ms. Drained by a branch of Osage r., which rims on its n. boundary. Capital, Oregon. KiNDERHOOK, p-t., Columbia co., N. Y., 19 s. Albany, 351 VV. The surface is diversified ; soil, a fertile sandy loam and clay, well cultivated. Drained liy Kinderhook cr. The v. is situated on a plain 5 ms. e. of Hudson r., and contains 2 churches — 1 Dutch Reformed and 1 Baptist — a bank, an academy, 14 stores, a printing office, 200 dwellings, and about 1,400 inhabitants. There are in the t. 23 stores, cap. $53,800 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- paper, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $194,700. 2 acad. 314 students. 11 sch. 732 scholars. Pop. 3,512. Kinderhook, cr., rises in Rensselaer co., and enters Hudson r. near Columbiaville, in Colum- bia CO. It affords extensive water power. Kinderhook, p-o., Warren co., N. C. Kinderhook, p-v.. Pike co., 111., 84 w. by s. Springfield, 864 W. Kinderhook, p-o., Gasconade co.. Mo., 38 s. E. Jefferson city, 960 W. Kinderhook, p-o.. Van Buren co., Ark., 120 N. Little Rock, 1,096 W. Kinderhamack, p-o., Bergen co., N. J., 81 n. E. Trenton, 247 W. King and Queen, county, Va. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 335 sq. ms. It lies between Piankatank r. on the n. e., and Mattapony r. on the s. w.. branches of York r. Capital, King and Queen C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8.202 ; rye 2,662 bush, produced, Ind. corn 313,384,oats 36,212, potatoes 13,525, to- bacco 8,120 pounds, cotton 42,275 ; 6 stores, cap. $21,500; 1 tannery, 4 flouring m., 25 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac, $60,266. 14 acad. 252 students, 13 sch. 296 scholare. Pop. whites 4,426, slaves 5,937, free col'd 499 ; total, 10,862. King and Queen C, H., p-v,, capital of King and Queen co., Va., 53 e. n. e. Richmond, 141 W. Situated on a plain three quarters of a mile from Mattapony r., and contains a court house, jail, 2 stores, 1 flouring m., and 1 grist m. in the vicinity, and 60 inhabitants, of whom 40 are col- ored. King Creek, p-o , Barnwell dist., S. C, 147 Columbia, 643 W. Kingfield, p-t., Franklin co.. Me., 59 n. n. w. Augusta, 648 W. Watered by Seven Mile r., a branch of the Kennebec r. It has 3 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $S00. 9 sch. 270 scholars. Pop. 671. King George, county, Va. Situated toward the e. part of the state, and contains 254 sq. ms. It has the Potomac r. on its n. e,, and the Rappa- hannock on its s. w. border. The surface is hilly; soil, various. Organized in 1720. Capi- tal, King George C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,548, sheep 4,623, swine 6,689 ; wheat 37,606 bush, prod., rye 3,629, Ind. com 254,270, oats 36,697, potatoes 5,902, tobacco 22,913 pounds, cotton 4,165; 6 stores, cap. ,$21,500 ; 11 grist m., 3 saw m., 5 acad. 37 students, 10 sch. 152 schol- ars. Pop. whites 2,269, slaves 3,382, free col'd 276 ; total, 5,927. King George C. H., p-v., capital of King George co,, Va,, 82 n, n. e, Richmond, 76 W. It contains a court house, jail, 1 store, 15 dwellings, and about 60 inhabitants. King of Prussia, p-o., Montgomery co.. Pa., 85 e. Harrisburg, 155 W. KiNGSBORouGH, p-v., Johnstown t., Fulton cc, N. Y., 50 N. w. Albany, 414 W. It contains 1 church, 1 high school, 2 stores, 40 dvvelUngs, and about 300 inhabitants. Kings, county, N. Y. Situated on the w. end of Long Island, and contains 76 sq. ms. Organ- ized in 1683. The surface is level, with a range of hills through the centre from e. to w. The soil is a sandy loam, highly cultivated, extensively producing vegetables for the New York market It has Gravesend and .lamaica bays cm the s. part Coney island, on the s., is a famous place for sea- bathing. The Long Island railroad commences at Brooklyn, and crosses the co. Capital, Brook- lyn. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,978, sheep 48, swine 8,360; wheat 24,964 bush, produced, rye 8,537, Ind, corn 81,824, buckwheat 3,933, oats 72,460, potatoes 95,805 ; 5 ct)mmercial and com. houses in foreign trade, cap, $109,500 ; 209 stores, cap. $515,800; 6 lumber yards, cap. $77,000; cap. invested in manufacture of drugs, paints, &c., $322,000 ; 1 tannery, 9 distilleries, 1 brew- ery, 14 rope fac, 5 printing offices, 2 binderies, 1 periodical, 1 daily, 4 weekly, 1 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac $1,806,950. 23 acad, 1,398 students, 53 sch. 5,280 scholars. Pop. 47,61.3. King's Bridge, p-v.. New York co,, N, V,, 13 N, of City Hall, N, Y., 136 s. Albany, 233 W. Situated near a bridge crossing the Spuyten Duy- vcl creek, at the N. end of New York or Manhat- tan island. Kingsbury, p-t., Piscataquis co., Me. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw ra,, 3 sch, 95 scholars. Pop, 227. Kingsbury, p-t,, Washington co,, N. Y., 58 n. Albany, 428 W. The surface is generally level ; soil, sand, sandy loam, and clay. Hudson r. runs on its s. w. border. Drained by a branch of Wood cr. The v. contains 1 church, 2 stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings. The v, of Sandy Hill, the half-shire of the co,, is in litis t. It has 14 KIN 326 KIN stores, cap. $28,250; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 bindery, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $17,825. 3 acad. 164 students, 16 sch. 859 scholars. Pop. 2,773. Kingsbury, p-o., La Porte cc, la., 145 n. by w. Indianapolis, 660 W. KiNGSEssiNG, p-t., Philadelphia co., Pa., 7 s. w. PhiJadelphia, 98 e. by s. Harrisburg, 134 W. The surface is level ; soil, alluvial. Delaware r. bounds it on the s. k., in which are several islands belonging to it. Schuylkill r. runs on its k. bor- der, and Darby cr. on the w. Mud island, in the Delaware, was the site of Fort Mifflin, which, in 1777, made an obstinate and protracted defence against the British. On the bank of the Schuyl- kill is a fine botanical garden, originally founded by Bartram, the celebrated naturalist. It has 6 .stores, cap. $6,600 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $2,000 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in raanufac. $10,900. Pop. 1,339. King'.s Ferry, p-v., Cienoa t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 173 w. Albany, 315 W. It contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 steam grist m., and about 30 dwellings. King's Ferry, p-o., Monongalia co., Va., 282 N. w. Richmond, 206 W. King's Gap, p-o., Harris co., Ga., 118 w. Mil- ledgeville, 736 W. KipcGSLEi''s, p-o., Crawford co^ Pa., 243 n. w. by w. Harrisburg, 324 W. King's Mills, p-o., Montgomery co., Mo., 62 N. E. Jefferson city, 877 W. King's Mountain, p-o., Cleveland co., N. C, 200 w. by s. Raleigh, 437 W. The mountain was the scene of a Revolutionary battle in 1780. KiNGSFORT, p-v., Sullivan co., Tenn., 273 e. by N. Nashville, 409 W. Situated on the point, aijove the junction of the n. and s. forks of Holston r. It contains several stores and dwellings. King's Rjver, p-o., Carroll co., Ark., 190 n. w. by N. Little Rock, 1,168 W. King's Settlement, p-o., Norwich t., Che- nango CO., N. Y., 106 w. Albany, 312 W. King.ston, p-t>, Rockingham co., N. H., 33 s. s. E. Concord, 471 W. The surface is moderate- ly uneven ; soil, loam. Chartered in 1694. It has 2 considerable ponds, the outlets of which unite and flow into the Merriraac. It has 6 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 3 saw ra., 6 sch. 452 scholars. Pop. 1,032, Kingston, pt., Plymouth co., Mass., 34 Bos- ton, 443 W. Situated on a branch of Plymouth harbor, and has a good harbor, into which Jones r., a considerable stream, enters. The surface is level ; soil, thin and barren. This place has a considerable number of vessels engaged in the cod and mackerel fisheries. The v. on Jones r. contams 3 churches — 1 Congregationalist, 1 Uni- tarian, and 1 Baptist — and 50 dwellings, many of them neat and handsome. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap, $8,800; 4 commercial houses, cap. $97,500 ; 1 cotton fac. 900 sp., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $46,600. 7 sch. 266 scliolars. Pop. 1,440. Kingston, p-v.. South Kingston t., Washington CO., R. I., 32 s. by w. Providence, 391 W. It contains a court house, a Congregational church, and several dwellings. Kingston, p-t., capital, Ulster co., N. Y., 57 s. by w. Albany, 316 W. The surface is rolling; soil, sandy loam, and fertile. Hudson r. bounds it on the e. Watered by Esopus cr. Rondout cr. runs on its s. e. border. The v. is pleasantly situated on Esopus cr., 3 ms. w. of the Hudson r. Incorporated in 1805. It contains a court house, jail, 4 churches — 1 Dutch Relbrmed, 1 Episco- pal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an aciulemy, a female seminary, a bank, 40 stores and groceries, 2 printing offices, 1 iron foundry, 2 tobacco fac, 2 carriage fac, 3 leather fac, 300 dwellings, and about 2,300 inhabitants. There are in the t. 40 stores, cap. $150,000; 3 commission houses, cap. $14,000; 4 lumber yards, cap. $10,000; 1 wool- len fac, 3 tanneries, 3 printing offices, 1 bindery, 3 weekly newspapers, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,140, 10 sch. 941 scholars. Pop. 5,824. Kingston, p-v., Middlesex co., N. J., 14 n. K. Trenton, 180 W. It lies partly also in Somerset CO., midway between Philadelphia and New York, on Millstone r. It contains a Presbyte- rian church, an academy, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 woollen fac, and about 45 dwellings. The Delaware and Raritan canal passes through it, with a lock at this place. Kingston, p-t., Luzerne co.. Pa., 127 n. e. Harrisburg, 232 W. Susquehanna r. bounds it on the s. e. The surface is uneven, and the soil fertile. Tlie v., formerly called Wyoming, is in the s. part of the t., and contains 1 church, sev- eral stores, and about 60 dwellings. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $43,000; 3 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 1 powder m., 1 paper fac, 6 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. .$56,500. 8 sch. 411 scholars. Pop. 2,004. Kingston, p-v., Somerset co., Md., 118 s. E. by s. Annapolis, 158 W. Kingston, p-v., Greene t., Ross co., O., 55 s. Columbus, 400 W. It contains a brick church, 5 stores, 60 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. Kingston, t., Delaware co., O. It has 6 sch. 137 scholars. Pop. 657. Kingston, p-v., capital, Roane co., Tenn., 143 e. by s. Nashville, 538 W. Situated on the point formed by the junction of the Clinch and Ten- nessee rivers, and contains a court house, jail, a church, 8 stores, and 500 inhabitants. Kingston, p-v., De Kalb co., III., 218 n. n. e. Springfield, 789 W. Kingston, p-v., Adams co.. Miss., 119 s. w. Jackson, 1,129 W. It has 1 church, 3 .stores, and several dwellings, Kingston, p-v., capital of Autauga co., Ala., 86 Tuscaloosa, 826 W. Situated on the w. side of Autauga cr., and contains a court house and a few dwellings. Kingston, p-v., capital of Lenoir co., N. C, 80 s. e. by E. Raleigh, 308 W. Situated on the n. side of the Neuse r. It contains a court house, jail, and several stores and dwellings. KiNGSTREK, p-v., Williamsburg dist., S. C, 105 e, s. e. Columbia, 439 W. Situated on Black r. Kingsville, p-o., Armstrong co.. Pa. KiNGSviLLE, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 213 N. E. Columbus, 348 W. Pop. 1,418. King William, county, Va. Situated toward the E. part of the state, and contains 270 sq. ms. It lies between the Mattapony r., on the n. e., and Pamunky r., on the s. w., by branches of which it is watered. Capital, King William C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,441, sheep 4,977, swme 12,727; wheat 58,834 bushels pro- duced, rye 5,870, Indian corn 350,370, oats 45,149, potatoes 17,436, tobacco 11,171 pounds, cotton 56,622; 9 stores, cap. $54,300 ; 1 tannery,' 6 flour- ing m., 17 gri-st m., 4 saw m. Cap. in raanufac. $51,275. 12 acad. 281 students, 5 sch. 68 schol- ars. Pop. whites 3,150, slaves 5,780, free col'd 338 ; total, 9,258. King William, C. H., p-v., capital, King Wil- liam CO., Va., 38 .\. e. by e. Richmond, 126 W. It has a court house, clerk's office, and 2 jails, all of brick, and handsomely enclosed with an iron railing, and shaded by a grove of locust trees ; 1 store, 10 dwellings, and about 75 inhabitants. KIS 327 KNO KiNGWooD, p-t., Hunterdon co., N. J., 29 n. w. Trenton, 186 W. The surface is hilly and roll- ing ; soil, red shale, clay, and loam, and fertile. Drained by Loakatong cr. It contains several villages. It has 8 .stores, cap. $17,500; 3 distil- leries, 6 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $12,075. 6 sch. 157 scholars. Pop. 2,947. KiNGWOOD, p-v., capital of Preston co., Va., 284 N. w. Richmond, 207 W. Situated on ele- vated ground, 2 ms. w. of Cheat r. It contains a court house, jail, 3 stores, 1 tannery, 30 dwell- ings, and 180 inhabitants. KiNNicoNicK, p-o., Lewis co., Ky., 121 n. e Frankfort, 455 W. Kinney's Four Corners, p-o., Hannibal t, Oswego CO., N. Y., 174 w. n. w. Albany, 365 W. KiNSALE, p-o., Westmoreland co., Va., 83 n. e. Richmond, 142 W. Kinsm.\n, p-t., Tnunbull co., O., 193 n. e. Co- lumbus, 309 W. It has 6 sch. 340 scholars. Pop. 953. KiNZUA, p-v., Warren co., Pa., 223 n. w. Har- ri.sburg, 307 W. It has 1 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §38,600. 3 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 237. KiRBY, t., Caledonia co., Vt., 36 n. e. Montpe- lier, 14 n. e. Danville. The surface is mounlain- ous ; soil, wet and cold. Moose r., a branch of Pasumsic r., crosses the s. corner of the t. It has 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,100. 8 sch. 179 scholars. Pop. 520. KiRBY, p-o., Greene co., Pa., 231 w. by s. Har- risburg, 234 W. KiRKERSviLLE, p-v., Harrfson t.. Licking co., O., 22 E. Columbus, 371 W. It contains 3 stores, 20 dwellmgs, and about 179 inhabitants. It has 1 sch. 65 scholars. Kirk LAND, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 84 n. e. Augusta, 679 W. Watered by streams which flow into Pushaw lake. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 5 sch. 146 schol- ars. Pop. 351. KiRKLAND, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 100 w. n. w. Albany, 336 W. The surface is diversified ; soil, a fertile calcareous loam. Watered by Ori.s- kany cr. It has 12 stores, cap. $67,000 ; 4 full- ing m., 1 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 3,000 sp., 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $216,305. 2 colleges 190 students, 1 academy 50 students, 15 sch. 718 scholars. Pop. 2,984. KiRKLAND, p-o., Cabarras co., N. C, 147 n. by w. Raleigh, 334 W. Kirk's Cross Roads, p-o., CHnton co., la., 32 w. N. w. Indianapolis, 590 W. Kirksey's Cross Roads, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 72 w. Columbia, 535 W. Kirk's Mills, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 61 e. by s. Harrisburg, 90 W. KiRKviLLE, p-v., Manlius t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 130 w. by N. Albany, 353 W. It contains 2 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. KiRKsviLLE, p-v., Butler co., Ala., 141 s. s. e. Tuscaloosa, 872 W. Kirkwood, t., Belmont co., O. The national road passes through its s. e. corner. It has 2 sch. 38 scholars. Pop. 2,279. KiRTLAND, p-t., Lake co., O., 167 n. e. by n. Columbus, 353 W. Here the Mormons first set- tled, and built a great temple, wliieh, since their departure, has been converted into a seminary for the preparation of school-teachers, and is a highly respectable institution. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,500; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,300. 1 acad. 165 sUidents, 18 sch. 807 scholars. Pop. 1,778. KisiiAcoatHLLAS, jj-o., Mifflin co.. Pa., 67 n. W. Harrisburg, 159 W. KisHWAUKiE, p-v., Winnebago co^ 111., 197 n. by E. Springfield, 810 W. KisKiMJNETAS, p-t., Armstrong co.. Pa., 187 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 211 W. It has Conuemaugh r. on its s. w. border. It lies on the Kiskiminetas, or Connemaugh r. Salt is found. The Penn- sylvania canal passes through a part of the t. It has 9 stores, cap. $19,900 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanner- ies, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,340. 13 sch. 370 scliolars. Pop. 2,287. KiTCiiAFooNA, p-o., Marion co., Ga. KiTTANiNG, p-b., capital of Armstrong co.. Pa., 182 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 236 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, a fertile gravelly loam. 'Ilie bor- ough is situated on the Alleghany r. It has a court house, stone jail, public offices, of brick, 2 churche.'* — 1 Presbyterian, 1 common to German Reformed and Lutherans — an academy, 10 stores, 3 tanneries, 100 tlwellings, aud about 600 inliabit- ants. There are in the t. 13 stores, cap. $48,300 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $6,050. 1 acad. 140 scholars. Pop. 702. KiTTANiNG, p-t., Armstrong co., Pa. The sur- face is liilly ; soil, a fertile gravelly loam. It has 1 tannery, 6 distilleries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,170. Pop. 1,323. Kittatinny, mountains, a branch of the Alle- gany, extend through the n. part of N. J., cross the Delaware r. at the Delaware Water Gap, pass through Pennsylvania and the w. part of Mary- land into Virgfaiia. KiTTERY, p-t., York CO., Me., 100 g. w. Au- gusta, 497 W". Situated on the n. e. bank of Pi.s- cataqua r. 1'he Atlantic ocean lies on its e. anct s. border. A bridge connects it with Portsmouth. It has a good harbor for small vessels. It con- tains 7 stores, cap. $2,575 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,100. 11 sch. 644 scholars. Pop. 2,435. Klecknersville, p-o., Northampton co., Pa.., 104 E. N. E. Harrisburg, 197 W. Kline's Mills, p-o., Somerset co., N. J., 39 n. Trenton, 214 W. Klinesville, p-o., Hunterdon co., N. J. Klinesville, p-o., Berks co., Pa., 73 e. by n. Harrisburg, 165 W. Knai* of Reeds, p-o., Granville co., N. C, 35 N. Raleigli, 277 \V. Knightstown, p-v., Henry co., la., 33 e. In- dianapolis, 543 W. It is situated on a highblufT, on the w. side of Blue r., and on the national road. Pop. 467. Knottsville, p-v., Monongalia co., Va., 266 N. w. Richmond, 190 W. Knottsville, p-v., Daviess co., Ky., 149 w. s. w. Frankfort, 691 W. Kxowersville, p-o., Albany co., N. Y., 16 w. Albany, 3S6 W. K.vowlesville, p-v., Ridgeway t., Orlean.s CO., N Y., 256 w. by n. Albany, 398 W. Sit- uated on the Erie canal, and contains 3 churches, 7 stores, 6 warehouses, 1 tannery, 70 dwellings, and about 450 inhabitants. Knowlton, i>t., Warren co., N. J., 66 n. by w. Trenton, 224 W. Bh>e mountain lies on its N. boundary, where is the celebrated Water Gap. The surface is hilly ; soil, slaty on the hills, and calcareous loam in the valleys. Drained by Pau- lin's Ivill, Beaver brook, and Sliawpocussing cr. The v., on Paulin's kill, contains 1 store, 1 large grist m., 1 clover m., and 8 or 10 dwellings. There are in the t., 7 grist m. Cap. in manufactures, §33,375. 16 sch. 769 scholars. Pop. 2,307. Kno.k, county, Tenn. Situated centrally in the E. part of the state, and contains 861 sq. ms. KNO 328 KOR Watered by Holston and Freiicli Broad rivers, which unite in tliis county, and form Tennessee r., and by Beaver cr., a branch of Clinch r. The surface is mountainous, excepting on the streams, wliere the soil is very fertile. Capital, Knoxville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,876, sheep 11,601, swine 36,952 ; wheat 101,491 bush, pro- duced, rye 2,940, Ind. com 716,166, oats 83,229, potatoes 18,050, tobacco 18,679 pounds, cotton 19,781, sugar 8,490; 3 commission houses, cap. $115,000; 32 stores, cap. $194,800; 2 forges, 1 fulling m., 11 tanneries, 41 distilleries, 1 pottery, 19 flouring m., 41 grist m., 35 saw m., 2 oil m., 1 pa- per iac, 3 printing offices, 4 weekly, 1 semi-week- ly, and 1 periodical newspapers. Cap. in manu- fac. $111,250. 1 college, 100 students, 2 acad. 112 students, 3 sch. 69 scholars. Pop. whites 13,378, slaves 1,931, free colored 173; total, 15,485. Knox, county, Ky. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 495 sq. ms. Watered by Cumberland r., which passes through the cen- tre, and its branches. Capital, Barbourville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,381, sheep 5,718, swine 17,911 ; wheat 7,873 bush, produced, rye 2,530, Ind. corn 263,141, oats 56,231, potatoes 11,176, tobacco 9,355 pounds, cotton 3,618, sugar 10,056 ; 9 stores, cap. $22,900 ; 1 tannery, 26 dis- tilleries, 1 flouring m., 7 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,526. 3 sch. 76 scholars. Pop. whites 5,022, slaves 536, free col'd 164; total, 5,722. K.NOX, county, O. Situated near the centre of the state, and contains 618 sq. ms. It is uneven on the E., level on the w. The soil in the e. is moderately good ; in the w. a rich vegetable mold. Watered by Vernon r. and its tributa- ries, which aflx)rd abundant water power. Cap- ital, Mount Vernon. There were in 1840, neat cattle 27,772, sheep 56,799, swine 44,421 ; wheat 521,217 bush, produced, rye 14,895, Ind. corn 518,295, buckwheat 23,576, barley 1,052, oats 439,069, potatoes 80,027, tobacco 119,459 pounds, sugar 233,284 ; 56 stores, cap. $117,450 ; 3 fulUng m., 20 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 1 brewery, 1 potte- ry, 4 flouring m., 33 grist m., 57 saw m., 29 oil m., 3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $232,925. 1 college, 130 students, 2 acad. 57 students, 162 sch. 6,097 scholars. Pop. 29,579. Knox, county, la. Situated toward the s. w. part of the state, and contains 540 sq. ms. Or- ganized in 1802. Wabash r. runs on its w. bor- der, Wliite r. on its s. border, and the w. fork of White r. on its e. border. The surface is cov- ered with timber and prairie, mostly with the for- mer. The soil is very productive. Capital, Vin- cennes. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,806, sheep 10,106, swine 35,295 ; wheat 51,679 bush, produced, rye 601, Ind. corn 668,2S3,oats 124,216, potatoes 16,654, tobacco 22,113 pounds, sugar 37,601; 49 stores, cap. $228,800; 1 cotton fac. 1,056 sp., 6 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 2 flouring m., 10 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $92,748. 3 acad. 108 students, 23 sch. 829 scholars. Pop. 10,657. Knox, county. 111. Situated towr.rd the N. w. part of the state, and contains 792 sq. ms. Or- ganized in 1830, but formed in 1825. Watered by Henderson and Spoon rivers, and their tribu- taries. There are extensive prairies, viith timber on the streams ; soil, fertile. Capital, Knoxville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,5S6, sheep 6,907, swine 28,854 ; wheat 65,078 bush. producepi r., which has taken a difl[erent course ; and in the n. and s. part the entrance from the river is entirely closed. Its outlet to the s. forms Tensas r. Lake Ridge, p-o., Tompkins co., N. Y., 177 w. Albany, 311 W. Lake St. Croi.x, p-o., St. Croix co.. Wis. Situated on n. side of the Mississippi r., just be- low the outlet of Lake St. Croix into the Missis- sippi. (See St. Croix r. and lake.) Laketon, p-v., Wabash co., la., 104 n. by e. Indianapolis, 594 W. Situated on the w. side of Eel r. Lakeville, p-o., Livonia t., Livingston co., N. Y., 228 w. Albany, 353 W. Lakeville, v.. North Hempstead t.. Queens CO., N. Y^, 20 E. New York. Situated on the border of Success Pond, a small but beautiful sheet of water, having no visible outlet. It abounds with perch. The v. has about 8 or 10 houses. Lakeville, p-v., Oakland co., Mich., 43 n. av. Detroit, 568 W. Lake Zurich, p-o., Lake co.. 111. Lamar, p-t., Clinton co.. Pa. The surface is mountainous ; soil, in the valleys, calcareous loam. Drained by Big Fishing cr. and Cedar cr. It has 4 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 3 flouring m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,400. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 1,883. Lamar, p-o., Marshall co., Miss., 207 n. by E. Jackson, 879 W. Lambertsville, p-v., Amwell t., Hunterdon CO., N. J., 15 N. w. Trenton, 173 W. Lambertsville, p-v., Monroe co., Mich., 70 s. w. Detroit, 475 W. La Mine, r., Mo., rises in La Fayette and Johnson counties, and flowing e. enters Missouri r., 5 or 6 miles above Koonevillc. About 20 miles from its mouth it receives Blackwater r. These rivers are na\igable for keel-boats a considerable distance. La Mine, p-o.. Cooper coa. Mo., 60 w. n. w. Jefl^er.son city, 974 W. The t. has 2 sch. 53 scholars. Pop. 988. La.mne's Mills, p-o., Boone co.. Mo., 31 n. by w. Jefferson city, 946 W. Lamoille, r., Vt., one of the 4 largest rivers on the w. side of the mountain, rises in Greensboro', Orleans co., and pursuing a s. w. course for some distance, turns to the w. n. w., and flows into Lake Champlain, in the x. part of Colchester. It has a number of falls, affording extensive water power. Lamoille, county, Vt. Situated toward the n. w. part of the state. Organized in 1836. Watered by Lamoille river and its branches, and in the s. pari by Watcrbury r., a branch of Onion r. The western Green mountain range passes through the co., and Mansfield mountain, its highest peak, is m the s. part. Most of the land is adapted to grazing, but some parts of it, particularly on the streams, to tillage. Capital, Hydepark. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,555, sheep 40,921, swine 7,287 ; wheat 21,070 bushels produced, rye 1,604, Ind. corn 28,483, oats 70,727, potatoes 472,563, sugar 295,476 pounds ; 26 stores, cap. $81,600 ; 11 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 9 tanncrie.s, 12 grist m., 54 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printuig otfice, 1 weekly newspaper. LAN 332 LAN Cap. in nianufac. $93,705. 1 acad. 100 students, 105 sch. 3,216 scholars. Pop. 10,475. La Moine, p-o., McDonough cc, III., 97 n. w. Springfield, 873 W. Lampeter, t., Lancaster cc, Pa. Pecquea cr. flows on its s. E., and Conestoga r. on its n. w. boundary. Drained by Mill creek, a branch of Conestoga r. It has 9 stores, cap. -$22,400; 3 commission lioiises, cap. $4,000; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fao., 3 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $49,647. 13 sch. 669 scholars. Pop. 3,269. Lampeter Square, p-v., Lampeter t., Lan- caster CO., Pa., 43 s. E. Harri.sburg, 117 W. It contains a store and 12 dwellings. Lamprey, r., N. H., flows tlu-ough Great bay into the Piscataqua r. Lancaster, county, Pa. Situated toward the s. e. part of the state, and contains 928 sq. miles. It was the 4th co. established in the state, and is perhaps the richest. Susquehanna river washes Its s. w. Ijorder for more than 40 miles. Wa- tered by Conestoga, Pecquea, Conewango, and other creeks, which flow into the Susquehanna, and afford excellent water power. Iron ore and sulphate of magnesia, or epsom salts, are found. Capital, Lancaster. Tliere were in 1840, neat cattle 61,164, sheep 41,967, swine 75,026; wheat 1,129,277 bushels produced, Indian corn 1,307,000, buckwiieat 12,073, oais 1,376,673, rye 448,710, potatoes, 223,860, tobacco 48,860 pounds ; 66 stores, cap. $1, 116,085; 2 lumber yards, cap. $207,000 ; 12 fulling m., 10 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 2,000 sp., 57 tanneries, 102 distilleries, 8 brew- eries, 8 potteries, 9 printing oflices, 9 weekly newspapers, 128 flouring m., 135 grist m., 106 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $1,213,484. 4 acad. 218 students, 206 sch. 6,745 scholars. Pop. 84,203. Lancaster, coimty, Va. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 161 square miles. Chesapeake bay and Potomac r. lie on its e. and N. E. Ijorder. Capital, Heathville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,084, sheep 2,099, swine 7,594 ; ■wheat 25,750 bush, produced, oats 43,866, potatoes 7,172, cotton 10,272 lbs. ; 10 stores, cap. $30,500; 1 tannery, 7 grist m., 1 sawm. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 7 sell. 140 scliolars. Pop. whites 1,903, slaves 2,478, free col'd 247 ; total, 4,628. Lancaster, district, S. C'. Situated in tlie n. part of the state, and contains 524 square miles. Lynche's cr. runs on its e., and Catawba r. on its w. border, by brandies of which it is watered. Capital, Lancaster. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,943, sheep 6,165, swine 15,915; wheat 23,910 bushels produced, Ind. corn 308,832, oats 26,371, potatoes 13,793, cotton 2,647,676 pounds ; 18 stores, cap. $60,000 ; 2 flouring m., 9 grist m., 8 saw m., 19 oil m. . Cap. in nianufac. $10,970. 1 acad. 6 students, 17 sch. 446 scholars. Pop. whites 5,565, slaves 4,235, free coFd 107 ; total, 9,907. Lanca.ster, p-t., capital of Coos co., N. H., 101 N. by w. Concord, 562 W. Connecticut r. runs on its N. w. border. Watered by Israel's river and its branches, which afford water power. The surface is hilly, liut not mountainous ; soil, fertile, particularly on the streams. The v. is situated on Israel's r., 1 in. from its entrance into Connecticut r., and contains a court house, jail, a Congregational church, and an acad. A bridge here crosses the r., and anotlier bridge cra'ises Connecticut r. to Guildhall. It has 6 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 printing of- fice, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,200. 1 acad. 120 students, 11 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 1,316, Lancaster, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 36 w. by n. Boston, 416 W. Situated on both sides of Nashua r., along which is a fertile alluvial soil. The village is situated on Nashua r., where its 2 branches meet, and contains a Unitarian church an academy, a bank, and about 75 dwellings. Incorporated in 1653. The t. has 4 stores, cap. $13,000; 2 fulling m., 1 vyoollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 256 sp., 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 binde- ry, 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, $17,830. 1 acad. 6 students, 12 sch. 525 scholars. Pop. 2,019. Lancaster, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 280 w. Al- bany, 387 W. The surface is undulating ; .soil, clay, and calcareous loam. Drained by Ellicott's, Cayuga, and Seneca creeks. The v. is on Cay- uga cr., and contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 3Iethodist, 1 Lutheran, and 1 Roman Catholic — 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 90 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. There are in the t., 4 stores, cap. $5,700 ; 2 ful- ling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,500. 9 sch. 390 scholars. Pop. 2,083. Lancaster, city, and capital of Lancaster co.. Pa., and formerly capital of the state, is situated li w. of Conestoga cr., which falls into the Sus- quehanna, 9 .s. s. w. of the city. It is in 44° 2' 36" N. lat., and 76° 20' 33" w. Ion. ; 37 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 62 w. Philadelphia, 111 W. Pop. 1820, 6,663; 1830, 7,704; 1840, 8,417. It is regularly laid out with wide streets, crossing each other at right angles. The streets are well paved and kept in a neat condition. Some of the buildings are low, having only one story, built by the early German settlers, but the houses more recently built are spacious and commodious, and many of them elegant. Franklin College was established here in 1787, chiefly by Germans, and was liberally endowed, but it has declined to a mere grammar school. The Lancaster County Academy was incorporated in 1827, and received a grant of $3,000. There are in the city, a Lan- casterian school, 2 public libraries, a reading room, and several other institutions of a literary character. It has a court house and 11 churches — 2 Lutheran, 1 German Reformed, 1 lilpiscopal, 1 Moravian, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 Inde- pendent Methodist, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 Af- rican. It is surrounded by a very fertile, highly cultivated, and populous country. The great western turnpike from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, and the Philadelphia and Columbia railroad, pass through the city. Its commerce and niunufac- tures are considerable. There were in 1840, 2 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, cap. $3S,000 ; 32 stores, cap. $212,750 ; 3 lum- ber yards, cap. $16,000; 3 furnaces; machinery manufactured, value $12,500; 2 tanneries, 13 distilleries, 4 breweries, 4 potteries, 2 ropewalks, 3 printing oflices, 3 binderies, 6 weekly news- papers. Capital in manufac. $223,439. 2 acad. 64 students, 12 sch. 1,715 scholars. Pop. 8,417. In adilition, in the t., are 1 cotton fac. 2,000 sp., 5 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 3 grist m., and 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $90,000. 3 sch. 120 schol- ars. Poj). 809. Lancaster, p-v., Hocking t., capital of Fair- field CO., O., 30 s. E. Columbus, 375 W. Situ- ated near the source of Hockhocking r. The streets arc wide, crossing each other at right an- gles. It contains a court house, jail, a bank, town hall, market, 7 churches, 16 stores, 2 flour- ing m., 1 woollen fac, 1 foundry, 2 breweries, numerous mechanics, 2 printing oflices, 400 dwellings, many of them elegant, and 3,272 in- habitanis. A lateral canal, 12 ms. long, connects this place with the Ohio canal. LAN Lancaster, p-v., capital of Garrard co., Ky., 57 s. by K. Frankfort, 555 W. Situated a few ms. E. of Dick's r. It contains a conrt house, jail, several stores an', the most prominent of which is the Sleeping Bear, so called from a fancied resem- blance to that animal. (Unorganized.) Leesburg, p-v., JMaurice River t., Cumberland CO., N. J., 78 s. by w. Trenton, 189 W. Situated on the E. bank of Maurice r. It contains 1 Meth- odist church, 1 store, and about 20 dwellings. There is considerable ship building here. Leesuurg, p-v., capital of Loudon co., Va., 133 N. Richmond, 34 W. Situated H m. n. of Polo- mac r., on an elevated plain, at the loot of Kit- toctan mountains, is regularly laid out, the streets are paved, and it is supplied with fine water, by an aqueduct, from a spring in the vicinity. It contains a neat court house, a jail, a market house, a hank, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Blethodist — an academy, a female semina- ry, 24 store.s, 2 printing offices, each issuing a weekly newspaper, and 500 dwellings. The countrj' around is fertile. Leesburg, p-v., Washmgton co., Tenn., 278 e. Nashville, 417 W. Situated on the e. side of a small stream falling into the Nolichucky r. It contains 1 church and about 200 inhabitants. Leesburg, p-v., Harrison co., Ky., 27 n. e. Frankfort, 515 W. Situated on w. side of a small stream falling into Licking r. Leesburg, p-v., Fairfield t., Highland co., O., 64 s. w. by s. Columbus, 436 W. It contains 6 stores and about 350 inhabitants. Leesburg, p-v., Kosciusko co., la., 133 n. by E. Indianapolis, 603 W. Situated 2 ras. n. w. of Tippecanoe r., on the margin of a beautiful prairie. Lee.'^burg, p-v., Winnebago co., 111., 220 n. by E. Springfield, 830 W. Leesburg, p-v., Cherokee co., Ala., 140 n. e. Tuscaloosa, 6S9 W. Lee's Cross Roads, p-o., Cumberland co.. Pa., 30 s. w. Harrisburg, 105 W. Leesville, p-v., Sharon t., Schoharie co., N. Y. It contains 1 Universalist church, 3 stores, and about 25 dwellings. Leesville, p-v., Campbell cc, Va., 147 w. by s. Richmond, 222 W. Situated at the junction of Stanton r. and Goose cr., and contains 2 stores, a tobacco fac, 1 flouring m., 1 carding machine, 1 cotton gin, 2 tanneries, 20 dwellings, and about 75 inhabitants. Leesville, p-v., Robeson co., N. C, 102 s. s. w. Raleigh, 390 W. Leesville, p-v., Lexington dist., S. C, 30 w. by s. Columbia, 536 W. Leesville, p-v.. Orange t., Carroll cc, O., 115 e. n. e. Columbus, 301. Leesville, p-v.. Hart cc, Ky., 101 s. w. Frankfort, 643 W. Leesville, p-v., Lawrence co., la., 78 s. by w. Indianapolis, 60J W. Situated on w. side of Guthrie's cr. It contains 3 stores, 1 grist m., and about 200 inhabitants. Leesville, p-v., Choctaw co.. Miss., 125 n. n. w. Jackson, 960 W. Leesville Cross Roads, p-v., Sandusky t., Richland co., O., 74 n. by e. Columbus, 412 W. Leetown, p-v., .Jefferson co., Va., 177 n. by w. Richmond, 70 W. It contains 1 store, 1 flour- ing m., several dwellings, and 75 inhabitants. Named after Gen. Lee, of revolutionary memory, who resided here. Lee Valley, p-v., Hawkins co., Tenn., 256 E. by N. Nashville, 449 W. Lehigh, r.. Pa., rises in Luzerne co., near Wilkesbarre, and flows 100 miles, to its en- trance into the Delaware r., at Easton. Along this r., by means of dams, locks, and canals, a naviga- tion is opened from Easton to V^hitehaven, in Northampton co., 845 ms., of which 30i consist of pools, 39^: of canals,- 24 of locks, and the re- mainder of sluices. This forms a most important opening to the coal region, to which railroads are contniued. The r., in its upper parts, is a rapid mountain stream, with many falls. Lehigh, county. Pa. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 389 sq. ms. It mostly occupies a valley between South and Blue or Kittatinny mountains. The surface and soil are various ; but the latter, in many parts, is excel- lent. Lehigh r. runs on its n. e. border, by which, and its tributaries, the co. is watered. Capital, Allentown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 18,126, sheep 13,448, swine 3i,625, wheat 176,468 bush, produced, rye .301,830, Ind. corn 207.098, barley 3,018, oats 202,015, potatoes 116,061, tobacco 4,000 pounds; 76 stores, cap. ,$435,200 ; 6 lumber yards, cap. §20,000 ; 1 fur- nace, 1 forge, 2 fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 29 tan- neries, 119 distilleries, 3 powder m., 1 pottery, 1 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 4 weekly news- papers, 4 flouring m., 62 grist m., 48 saw m., 7 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $292,190; 1 acad. 30 students, 56 sch. 2,293 scholars. Pop. 25,787. Lehigh, t., Northampton co.. Pa. It is bounded w. by Lehigh r. The surface is partly hilly, partly level ; soil, gravel and calcareous loam. Blue mountain lies on its n. boundary. Watered by Indian cr. The Lehigh Water-gap is in the N. w. corner of the t., where is a v. containing a store, and a mill for preparing hydraulic cement, from limestone here fouiid, and about 20 dwell- ings. Here is a toll-bridge over the r. It has 8 stores, cap. $22,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 distilleries, 6 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $46,000. 9 sch. 510 scholars. Pop. 2,049. Lehigh Gai*, p-o., Lehigh t., Northampton co.. Pa., 104 e. .\'. E. Harrisburg^ 198 W. Here the Lehigh r. passes a gap in Blue mountain. On each side of the pass the mountain rises to the height of 1,200 feet above the bed of the river. The scenery is wildly grand. Jlere is the v. described above. Lehiguto.v, p-v., Penn t., Northampton co.. Pa., 36 w. N. w. Easton, 96 x. e. by e. Harris- burg, 196 W. Situated on the w. bank of Le- higli r., half a mile above ]\Iahoning cr. On the Mahoning, 100 rods from its mouth, stood the old Moravian v. of Gnadenhutten, where an old church is still standing. A bridge 214 feet long here crosses the Lehigh. The v. is situated on an elevated table land, regularly laid out, and with a limited but fine prospect. Lehman, p-t., Luzerne co.. Pa., 121 n. n. w. Harrisburg, 232 W. The surface is very un- even, but much of it may be cultivated. It con- LEM 340 LEO tains Lehman's lake, and its outlet, Lehman's cr. Harvey's, Bowman's, and Mahoopeny creeks af- ford extensive water power. It has 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,500. 4 sch. 164 scholars. Pop. 527. Leicester, p-t, Addison co., Vt., 73 s. s. w. Montpelier, 477 W. T]\e surface is uneven, and on the E. mountainous ; the soil, excepting on the mountains, is a fertile sandy loam, with some flats of clay. Watered by Otter creek and Leicester river. Lake Dunmore, 4 ms. long, and from half to three fourths of a mile wide, lies between this t. and Salisbury. Chartered in 1763, first settled in 1773. It has 3 sch. 6S scholars. Pop. 603. Leicester, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 48 w. Boston, 400 W. The situation is elevated. Watered by branches of French and Blackstone rivers, which afford extensive water power. The surface is uneven ; soil, a fertile clay loam. It contains 5 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Unita- rian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Friends. At the central v. is a Congregationalist and a Unita- rian church, and one of the oldest and most re- spectable academies in the state, founded in 1784. The t. has 7 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 6 tanneries, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $90,870. 1 acad. 319 students, 10 sch. 5 14 scholars. Pop. 1,707. Leicester, t., Livingston co., N. \ ., 5 w. Geneseo, 232 w. Albany. The surface is in ter- races, descending toward Genesee r., which bounds it on the e. The soil is fertile. It has 3 stores, cap. $18,700 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $16,365. 1 acad. 20 students, 16 sch. 758 scholars. Pop. 2,415. Leigh Re.vd, county, (formerly Musquito,) Flor. Situated on the e. side of the peninsula, and contains a great extent of territory, with a diversity of soil and climate. It has many swamps, easily drained, and very fertile. Watered by St. John's r., Halifax r., Spruce cr., Hillsborough r., Indian r., St. Sebastians cr., Jupiter cr., and St. Lucia r. Capital, New Smyrna. Pop. 1840, 72. Leighton, p-o., Lawrence co., Ala., 132 n. Tuscaloosa, 772 W. Situated on the Tuscum- bia and Decatur railroad. Leighton's Corners, p o., Carroll co., N. II., 55 N. by E. Concord, 530 W. Leiper's Fork, po., Williamson co., Tenn., 26 s. Nashville, 703 W. Leipersville, p-v., Ridley t., Delaware co.. Pa., 97 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 124 W. It contains a church, 1 store, 1 saw m., 1 tannery, and about 25 dwellings. The Leiper canal e.xtends 2 ms. from Delaware r., through the t., to stone quarries on Ridley cr. Leipsic, p-v., Kent co., Del. Leitersburg, p-v., Wasliington co., Md., 107 N. w. Annapolis, 75 W. Leme.n', p-o., De Witt co.. III., 74 n. e. Spring- field, 729 W. Lemington, p-t., Essex co., Vt., 94 n. e. Mont- pelier, 591 W. The surface is uneven and mountainous, with some good intervale on the streams. Connecticut r. bounds it on the s. e., by small tributaries of which it is watered. One of them has a cascade of 50 feet. Chartered in 1762. It has 2 saw m., 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 124. Lemox, t., Butler co., O. It is a large, popu- lous, and wealthy t., containing several villages. 5 Rch. 110 scholars. Pop. 2,052. Le.mpster, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H.,40 w. Con- cord, 466 W. The surface is uneven, and on the E. mountainous ; soil, adapted to grazing. Wa- tered by branches of Sugar and Cold rivers. Chartered in 1761. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,300 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $745. 21 sch. 319 scholars. Pop. 941. Lenawee, county, Mich. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, and contains 735 sq. ms. Watered by Raisin and Ottawa rivers. The sur- face is gently undulating ; soil, sandy and argil- laceous loam, and fertile. Iron ore is found. Capital, Adrian. There were in 18i0, neat cat- tle 14,917, sheep 6,034, swine 22,973; wheat 167,891 hush, produced, rye 3,468, Ind. corn 199,53^, buckwheat 8,183, barley 5,989, oats 151,111, potatoes 112,534, sugar 33,945 pounds; 6 commission houses, cap. $15,000 ; 43 stores, cap. $195,350; 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 9 grist m., 44 saw m., 3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $266,350. 1 college, 20 students, 1 acad. 27 students, 114 sch. 4,394 scholars. Pop. 17,889. Le.n'oir, coimty, N. C. Situated toward the s. e. part of the state, and contains 390 sq. ms. Watered by Neuse r. and its branches. Capital, Kingston. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,060, sheep 4,530, swine 27,420 ; wheat 9,960 bush, produced, rye 4,800, Ind. corn 1,734,000, oats 8,870, potatoes 61,950, rice 15,000 pounds, cotton 244,300; 11 stores, cap. $41,000; 1 cotton fac, 12 distilleries, 11 flouring m., 17 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $27,375. 2 acad. 80 stu- dents, 6 sch. 167 scholars. Pop. whites 3,687, slaves 3,683, free col'd 235 ; tolal, 7,605. Lenoir, p-v., capital of Caldwell co., N. C Situated on the s. side of Yadkin r., near its source, and contains a court house, 1 store, and several dwellings. Lenoir's, p-o., Roane co., Tenn., 171 e. by s. Nashville, 522 W. Lens Creek, p-o., Kanawha co., Va. Leno.x, p-t., capital of Berkshire co., Mass., 132 w. Boston, 370 W. The surface is uneven, and the soil productive. Watered by Housatonic r. Incorporated in 1767. The v. is pleasantly situa- ted on elevated ground, and is neatly built, and contains a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Con- gregational, 1 Epi.scopal, and 1 Methodist — a flour- ishing academy, founded in 1803, a printing of- fice, and about 40 dwellings. Tlie t. has 1 fur- nace, 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manul'ac. $10,601). 1 acad. 60 students, 7 sch. 341 sch. Pop. 1,313. Lenox, p-t., Madison co., N. Y., 121 w. n. w. Albany, 358 W. The surface is undulating or level ; soil, generally productive, adapted to wheat. Drained by Cowasalon and Oneida crs., flowing into Oneida lake, which bounds it on the N. The v., called Lenox Ba;>in, is on the Erie canal, and contains 5 stores, and about 20 dwell- ings. The t. has 15 stores, cap. $44,000 ; 3 full- ing m., 4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 18 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,001). 1 acad. o6 students, 24 sch. 1,493 scholars. Pop. 5,440. Leno.x, p-t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 170 n. n. w. Harrisburg, 271 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay and gravel. Watered by Timkhannock cr. and its branches. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,500 ; 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,075. 8 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 800. Lenox, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 15 s. Ashtabula, 201 N. E. Columbus, 335 W. It contains 1 store, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. 5 sch. 166 scholars. Pop. 550. Lenox, t., Macomb co., Mich. The soil is fer- tile, adapted to grain. It has 9 sch. 149 scholars. Pop. 281. Leominster, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 44 w N. w. Boston, 417 W. The surface is undu- LER 341 LEV lating ; soil, very fertile, particularly on the river. Watered by a branch of Nashua r., which affords extensive water power. Incorporated in 1740. It contains 4 churches — 1 Cotigregaiionalist, 1 Uni- tarian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. The v., at the centre, contains 2 churches, and ahout 30 dwell- ings. The t. has 12 stores, cap. $12,3)0 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m , IS saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,825. 1 acad. 25 stu- dents, 12 sch. 633 scholars. Pop. 2,069. Leon, county, Flor. Situated iu the centre of the N. part of the ter., and contains 1,824 sq. ms. Appalachee bay of the Gulf of Mexico lies on its s. border. The seacoast is marshy ; back is pine land, much of which is fertile. Ocklockony river runs on its \v. border. Wakully r. is in its E. part. Capital, Tallahassee. There were in 1840, neat cafle 11,890, sheep 1,798, swine 18,339; Ind. corn 230,^'51 bush, prod., oats 5,3; 5, potatoes 43,780, tobacco 3,300 pounds, cotton 5,530,644, sugar 29,150 ; 2 commercial and 10 commission houses, cap. $118,500 ; 44 stores, cap. $436,000 ; 1 tannery, 6 grist m., 9 saw m., 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, and 2 weekly newspapers. Capital in manufac. $129,500. 1 acad. 41 students, 4 sch. 100 schol- ars. Pop. whites 3,461, slaves 7,231, free colored 21 ; total, 10,713. Leon, ]i-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 311 w. by s. Albany, 3i3 W. The surface is elevated, but generally level ; soil, a fertile clay and sandy loam. Drained by Conewango cr. and its tribu- taries. It has 13 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $18,700. 11 sch. 473 scholars. Pop. 1,326. Leon, pv., Madison co., Va., 165 n. w. Rich- mond, 89 W. Situated on Crooked run. Leon, p-o., Richmond t., Ashtabula co., O., 208 N. E. Columbus, 324 W. Leoxarrstown, p-v., capital of St. Mary's co., Md., 87 s. Annapolis, 64 W. Situated on Britton's r., a small branch of Potomac r. It contains a court house, jail, several stores and dwellings. Leonardsvili.e, p-v., Brookfield t., Madison CO., N. Y., 86 w. by n. Albany, 364 VV. Situated on Unadilla r., and contains 1 church, 4 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. Leoni, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 71 w. Detroit, 546 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It contains 4 stores, cap. $24,000 ; 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,000. 1 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 1,067. Leonidas, t., St. Joseph co., 31ich. It has 4 sch. 132 scholars. Pop. 410. Leon jAIills, p-o., Leon t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 315 w. by s. Albany, 341 W. Le Ray, t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 8 n. e. Water- town, 158 N. w. Albany. The surface is undu- lating ; soil, a fertile clay and sandy loam. Wa- tered by Black and Indian rs. It has 10 stores, cap. $23,100; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Capital in manufactures $19,6i;0. 1 acad. 95 students, 25 sch. 1,194 schol- ars. Pop. 3,721. Le Ray.sville, p-v., Le Ray t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 162 N. w. Albany, 428 W. It contains 1 church, 1 store, 1 saw m., 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Le Raysville, p-v.. Pike t., Bradford co.. Pa., 152 N. by E. Harrisburg, 262 W. It contains an academy. Le Boeitf, t., Erie co.. Pa. It has 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,800. 6 sell. 250 scholars. Pop. 876. Le Roy, p t., Genesee co., N. Y., 236 w. by N. Albany, 370 W. The surface is generally level ; soil, a productive sandy and gravelly loam, adapted to grain. Drained by Allen's Cr. It has 17 stores, cap. $70,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tan- nery, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,450. 1 acad. 116 students, 12 sch. 486 scholars. Pop. 4,323. Le Roy, v., Exeter t., Otsego co., N. Y. Situ- ated at the outlet of Canandaigua lake, and con- tains 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Le Roy, p-t., Bradford co.. Pa., 143 n. by E. Harrisburg, 253 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,975 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,420. 4 sch. 178 scholars. Pop. 679. Le Roy, t., Lake co., O., 4 n. e. Chardon, 185 N. E. Columbus. It has 1 saw m., 10 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 898. Le Roy, po., Westfield t, Medina co., O., 113 N. E. by N. Columbus, 356 W. Le Rov, p-o., McLean co.. 111., 94 n. e. Spring- field, 729 W. Le Roy, t., Calhoun co., Mich. It has 2 saw m., 2 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 326. Leslie, p t., Ingham co., Mich., 89 w. by n. Detroit, 575 W. Pop. 281. Lesser Cross Roads, p-o., Somerset co.. IS. J., 42 N. Trenton, 216 W. Letart, t., Meigs co., O. Situated on a bend of Ohio r., opposite to Letart's Rapids, surrounded on 3 sides by the r. It has 3 stores, cap. .$2,900 ; 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,350. 4 sch. 128 scholars. Pop. 642. Letart's Falls, p-v., Letart t., Meigs co., O., 108 s. w. Columbus, 343 W. The rapid in Ohio r., 25 ms. below Shade r., is caused by the pro- jection of a steep hill into the r., which occasions a rapid current. Letcher, county, Ky. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 200 sq. miles. It was erected in 1842, principally from Perry co. Drain- ed by the head branch of Kentucky r Capital, Letcher C. H. Letcher, p-o., capital of Letcher co., Ky., 147 s. E. Frankfort, 491 W. Letter B, p-t., Oxford co., Me., 77 x. w. Au- gusta, 628 W. Situated on Umbagog lake, which bounds it n. and w. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. 111. Letterkewy, t., Franklin co., Pa., 7 x. w. Chambersburg. Drained by Conedogwinit and Racoon crs. The surface is mostly level ; soil, slaty. Blue Mountain covers its w. part. It has 6 stores, cap. $12,600; 1 fulling m., 6 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $23,120. 11 sch. 528 scholars. Pop. 1,918. Letimberville, p-v., Scott t., Marion co., O., 56 n. Columbus, 412 W. It contains 1 store and a number of dwellings. Levan.na, p-v., Ledyard t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 172 w. Albany, 325 W. Situated on the e. side of Cayuga lake, and contains 1 church, 1 store, 2 warehouses, 1 steam flouring m., 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Levant, p-t., Penobscot co , Me., 80 n. n. e. Augusta, 675 W. Drained by Kenduskeag stream and its branches. The soil is productive. It has 3 stores, cap. §1,200; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,300. 404 scholars in schools. Pop. 1,061. Levant, p-o., Chautauque co., N. Y., 326 w. by s. Albany, 323 W. Level, p-o., Warren co., O., 81 w. s. w. Co- lumbus, 464 W Level Corner, p-o., Lycoming co., Pa., 102 N. Harrisburg, 210 W. Level Farm, p-o., New Kent co., Va. Level Green, p-o., Giles co., Va., 221 w. Richmond, 261 W LEW 342 LEW Leverett, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 83 w. by N. Boston, 393 W. The surface is elevated; soil, adapted to grazing. It contain.s 2 Congregational churches. Watered by 2 small branches of Con- necticut r. Incorporated in 1774. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,400 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- neries, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Capital in manufac, $15,023. 5 sch. 327 scholars. Pop. 875. Levkrington", p-o., Philadelphia co., Pa., 98 e. by s. Harrisburg, 147 W. Lewis, county, N. Y. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 1,122 sq. ms. The sur- face is mostly hilly and broken ; soil, various. Along Black r. it is fertile. Watered by Black r. and its tributaries, Beaver, Independence, and Moose rivers, and by Salmon, Indian, and Oswe- gatchie rs. Capital, Martinsburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 31,130, sheep 36,665, swine 18,076; wheat 85,191 bush, produced, rye 2,473, Ind. com 48,984, buckwheat 8,498, barley 20,271 oats 144,880, potatoes 634,316, hops 5,460 pounds, sugar 257,476 ; 33 stores, capital $93,300 ; 2 fur- naces, 5 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 16 tanneries, 1 distillery, 3 flouring m., 11 grist m., 80 saw m., 2 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $65,280. 1 acad. 120 students, 151 sch. 5,259 scholars. Pop. 17,830. Lewis, county, Va. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 1,600 sq. ms. Drained by Little Kanawha r. and its branches, and by the w. fork of Monongahela r. and its branches, and the head waters of E. fork. The surface is uneven and rough. Capital, Weston. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,2.57, sheep 14,971, swine 19.622; wheat 47,091 bush, pro- duced, rye 4,867, Ind. corn 253,110, oats 80,161, potatoes 24,376, tobacco 11,683 pounds, sugar 93,784 ; 16 stores, cap. $59,300 ; 1 fulliug m., 5 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 24 grist ra., 17 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $30,700. 9 sch. 219 scholars. Pop. whites 7,939, slaves 124, free col'd 33; tfjtal, 8,151. Lewis, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 375 sq. ms. Ohio r. runs on its n. border. Drained by Salt Lick and Kinniconick creeks, which flow into the Ohio. Capital, Clarksburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,424, sheep 4,762, swine 8,957 ; wheal 18,752 bush, produced, Ind. corn 150,158, oats 40,492, potatoes 3,792, sugar 19,976 pounds ; 12 stores, cap. $2H,800; 4 tanneries, 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,110. 10 sch. 264 scholars. Pop. whites 5,873, slaves 406, free col'd 27 ; total, 6,306. Lewis, county. Mo. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 500 sq. ms. The Mis- sissippi r. runs on its E. boundary. Drained by Fabius and Wyaconda rivers. Tlie surface is undulating; soil, very fertile. It contains timber and prairie. Capital, Waterloo. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,479, sheep 4,934, swine 26,248 ; wheat 45,583 bush, produced, rye 9,718, Indian corn 376,452, oats 27,931, potatoes 16,199, tobacco 17,886 lbs., sugar 3,762 ; 22 stores, cap. $195,863 , 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 9 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,500. 17 sch. 368 scholars. Pop. whites 4,966, slaves 1,065, free col'd 9 ; total, 6,040. Lewis, p-t., Essex co., N. Y., 131 n. Albany, 506 W. The surface is hilly and mountainous, with some level tracts, and a moderately good soil. Drained by Boquet r. and its tributaries. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000; 2 fulling m., 5 forges, 1 tannery, 1 gri.st m., 33 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,950. 11 sch. 339 scholars. Pop. 1,505. Lewis, t.. Lycoming co., Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,400 ; 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $6,700. 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 542. Lewls, p-v., Sussex co., Del., 45 s. by e. Do- ' ver, 153 W. Lewis and Rehoboth, Hundred, Sussex co., Del. It has 8 stores, cap. $14,400 ; 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $500. 1 acad. 40 students, 3 sch. 36 scholars. Pop. 1,834. Lewis, p-t.. Brown co., O., 121 s. w. by s. Columbus, 483 W. The surface is slightly un- even, and the soil adapted to the production of grain and tobacco. Drained by Whiteoak, Eagle, Bullskin, and other creeks, that flow into the Ohio, which bounds it on the s. It has 2 sch. 56 scho- lars. Pop. 2,437. Lewis, t.. Clay co., la. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $450. Pop. 472. Lewis, p-o.. Barren co., Ky., 135 s. w. Frank- fort, 658 W. Lewis, p-o., Vigo co., la., 78 w. s. w. Indiana- polis, 649 W. Lewisberrv, p-v., York co., Pa., 17 s. Harris- burg, 109 W. Lewisborough, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 130 s. by e. Albany, 286 W. The surface is somewhat broken; soil, clay and sandy loam. Drained on the w. by Croton r. It has 4 sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 1,619. Lewisburg, p-b., BuflFalo t.. Union co.. Pa., 67 N. Harrisburg, 177 W. Situated on the w. bank of Susquelianna r., a little below the mouth of BufTalo cr. A lateral canal, half a mile long, connects with the West Branch canal. It con- tains 2 churches, 13 stores, cap. $79,500 ; 1 fur- nace, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $36,355. 1 acad. 20 students, 4 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 1,220. Lewisburg, p-v., capital of Greenbrier co., Va., 214 w. Richmond, 251 W. It contains a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. — a lyceum, an acade- my, 6 stores, a priming office, 200 dwellings, and about 900 inhabitants. It is 9 ms. E. of the cele- brated White Sulphur Springs. Lewisburg, p-v., Harrison t., Preble co., O., 97 w. by s. ("olumbus, 490 W. Lewisburg, p-v., Mecklenburg co., Ky., 172 w. s. w. Frankfort, 714 W. Situated on the s. bank of Green r., at the s. extremity of a bend in the r. Lewisburg, p-v., capital of Marshall co., Tenn., 54 s. Nashville, 703 W. It contains a court house, and several stores and dwellings. Lewisburg, p-v., Cass co., la., 81 n. Indiana- polis, 601 W. Situated on the n. bank of the Wabash r., and on the Wabash and Erie canal. Lewisburg, p-v., capital of Conway co.. Ark., 45 N. w. Little Rock, 1,110 W. Situated ou the N. bank of Arkansas r. It has a court house, and several stores and dwellings. Lkwis's Grove, p-o,, Shelby co.. Mo., Ill N. Jeffer.son City, 963 W. Lewisport, p-v., Harrison co., Va., 283 n. w. by w. Richmond, 251 W. Lewis's Store, p-o., Spottsylvania co., Va, 99 N. Richmond, 90 W. Lewisto.v, pt., Niagara co., N. Y., 297 w. by N. Albany, 410 W. A ridge e. and w. divides it into 2 plains. The soil is a calcareous and sandy loam, and fertile. Niagara r. bounds it on the w. The Tuscarora Indians have a settlement in the t. The v. is situated on the e. side of Nia- gara r., at the head of steamboat navigation, 7 ms. from Lake Ontario. Incorporated in 1822. It contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Epis- LEX 343 LEX copal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Universalist — an academy, 10 stores, 1 grist m., 1 distillery, 100 dwellings, and about 900 inhabitants. It has a convenient steamboat landing, from which boats regularly ply to Oswego, and oilier places on Lake On- tario. It has a communication by railroad to Buffalo by Niagara falls, which connects with the Lockport and Niagara Falls railroad. There are in the t. 4 com. houses, cap. $500 ; 18 stores, cap. $29,600 ; 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 7 saw. m. Cap. in manufac. $30,600. 1 acad. 122 students, 12 sch. 793 scholars. Pop. 2,533. Lewistown, p-t., Lincoln co., 3Ie., 31 s. w. Augusta, 577 W. The soil is fertile. Incorpo- rated in 1795. Androscoggin r. runs on its w. border, and has here a fall 47 feet, in a distance of 12 or 15 rods, affording great water power. A bridge, 1,000 feet long, here crosses the An- droscoggin, at the foot of the falls. It has 6 stores, cap. $580 ; 4 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $75,800. 14 sch. 742 scholars. Pop. 1,801. Lewistown, p-b., capital of Mifflin co., Pa., 57 N. w. Ilarrisburg, 148 W. Situated on the n. side of Juniata r., at the junction of Kishcoquillas or. The Peimsylvania canal runs through tlie place. It has 8 streets crossing each other' at right angles, a large court house and public offi- ces of brick, in the middle of an open square al the centre, 4 churches, an academy, about 400 dwellings. There is a mineral spring in the vi- cinity. It has 5 com. houses, cap. $900 ; 17 stores, cap. $106,700; 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $51,450. 1 acad. 27 students, 7 sch 231 scholars. Pop. 2,058. Lewistown, p-v., Bloomfield t., Logan co., O., 77 N. w. by s. Columbus, 464 W. It is situated on the E. side of the Miami r. Lewistown, Va. (See Lunenburgh C. H.) Lewistown, p-v., capital of Fulton co.. 111., 55 N. w. Springfield, 833 W. It contains a neat court house, a jail, 3 stores, and about 40 dwell- ings. It is 4 ms. E. of Spoon r. and 12 ms. w. of Dlinois r. Lewisville, p-v., Indiana co., Pa., 171 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 219 W. Lewisville, p-v., Brunswick co., Va., 82 s. by w. Richmond, 198 W. Lewisville, p-v., Chester dist., S. C, 64 n. Columbia, 450 W. Lewi.sville, p-v., capital of La Fayette co.. Ark., 162 s. w. Little Rock, 1,237 W. Lewisville, p-v., Monroe co., O. Lewisville, p-v., Henry co., la., 42 e. In- dianapohs, 529 W. It is situated on the e. side of Flat Rock cr., on the national road. Lexington, district, S. C. Situated a little w. of the centre of the state, and contains 900 sq. ms. Watered by Saluda r., which joins Broad r. on the border of this dist. to form the Congaree r. Capital, Lexington C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 15,619, sheep 6,144, swine 27,198; wheat 28,849 bush, produced,' oats 24,084, pota- toes 27,733, rice 24,000 pounds, cotton 454,191 ; 13 .stores, cap. $38,800 ; 1 cotton fac, 3 distille- ries, 46 grist m., 18 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $111,900. 3 acad. 105 students, 9 sch. 146 schol- ars. Pop. whites 7,401, slaves 4,685, free col'd 25; total, 12,111. Lexington, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 63 N. by w. Augusta, 657 W. It has a pond on its n. and another on its s. border, connected by a stream which flows into Kennebec r. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $800. 8 sch. 215 scholars. Pop. 564. Lexington, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 11 n. w. Boston, 451 W. The surface is uneven and rough, and the soil not very fertile, excepting on the streams. Watered by branches of Shaw- sheen r. It has some manufactures. The v. contains a Unitarian and a Baptist church, and about 40 dv^ellings. Here the first blood was shed in the revolutionary war, April 19lh, 1775. A monument, with an appropriate inscription, has been erected at the expense of the legisla- ture of Mass., on the spot near which 8 men were killed by the British. This event roused the country to arms. Major Pitcairn, the British commander, was afterwards killed at the battle of Bunker Hill. It has 7 stores, cap. $13,000 ; 2 grist m., 1 acad. 25 students, 6 sch. 411 scholars. Pop. 1,642. Lexington, p-t., Greene co., N. Y., 28 w. Catskill, 55 s. w. Albany, 365 W. The surface is mountainous. Drained by Schoharie creek. The V. contains 2 churches, 3 stores, I tannery, and about 20 dwellings. There are in the t., 6 stores, cap. $11,500; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 15 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $45,300. 13 sch. 282 scholars. Pop. 2,813. Lexington, p-v., capital of Rockbridge co., Va., 146 w. Richmond, 188 W. Situated on an elevated bank, on the w. side of North river, a branch of James river. It contains a neat court house, a jail, 4 churches — ^2 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- tist, and 1 Methodist — a military institute, An- drew Smith's Female Seminary, 11 stores, 170 dwellings, and 1,200 inhabitants. Washington College is situated here, originally endowed by the father of his country, and additionally by others. It was founded in 1812. It has a presi- dent and 5 y)rofessorR, 12o alumni, 94 students, and 2,700 vols, in its libraries. The commence- ment is on the last Thursday in June. 100 shares of stock of the James River Company, left by Washington to found this college, yield annually about $2,500. The Virginia Military Institute is located here, and has 3 professors, and 60 cadets. It is on the plan of the U. S. Military Institution, at West Point, N. Y. Lexingto.n, p-v., capital of Davidson co., N. C, 117 w. Raleigh, 338 W. Situated on the w. side of Abbott's creek, a branch of Yadkin r. It contains a court house, jail, several stores and dwellings. Lexington, p-v., capital of Oglethorpe co., Ga., 70 N. Milledgeville, 594 W. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist — 2 academies, one of which has a building which cost $4,000, and has a fund of $4,U0J, and is called, from its founder, " Mason Academy," 15 stores, a public library, and about 45 dwellings. Lexington, p-v., Lauderdale co., Ala., 153 n. Tuscaloosa, 761 W. Lexlngton, p-v., capital of Holmes co.. Miss., 62 N. Jackson, 997 W. Situated on the n. side of a branch of Yazoo r., and contains a court liouse and several dwellings. Le.kington, p-v., capital of Henderson co., Tenn., 117 w. s. w. Na.shville, 801 W. Situated on Beech r., a branch of Tennessee r., and con- tains 1 Cumberland Presbyterian and 1 Metho- dist church, 1 academy, 7 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 2 tanneries, 32 dwellings, and 228 in- habitants. Lexington, city, and capital of Fayette co., Ky., is situated on a branch of the Elkhorn r., in 38° 6' N. lat., and 48° 18' w. Ion., 24 e. s. e. Frankfort, 85 s. Cincinnati, 74 e. Loui-sville, 522 W. Pop. 1820, 5,279 ; 1830, 6,404 ; 1840, 6,997 It is the oldest town in the state, was formerly LEX 344 LIB the capital, and is one of the neatest and best built places in the western states. It is regular- ly laid out, and some of the streets are paved. Tlie main street is 80 feet wide, and li m. in length, and the principal roads leading to the city are macadamized, for some distance from it. Many of the streets are bordered with fine shade trees, and its environs are beautiful, and orna- mented with elegant residences. There is a pub- lic square near the centre of the place, surround- ed by fine brick buildings. The city contains about 1,200 dwellings, and has 10 churches — 2 Presbyterian, 1 (.'ampbellite, 1 Episcopal, 1 Bap- tist, 1 Methodist, 1 Unitarian, 1 Roman Catholic, and 2 African, 1 of them Methodist, and the other Baptist. Among the public buildings are a court house and jail, a splendid masonic hall, one of the finest buildings in the state, the State Lunanc Asylum, and the Halls of Transylvania University. This university was founded in 1798, and has a classical, medical, and law de- partment. It has a president and 14 professors, or other instructors. The classical department has about 10!) students, the law 78, and the medi- cal 260, making 438 in the whole. The medical graduates of this institution are more numerous than those of any .similar institution in the United States, excepting that of Philadelphia. The libraries of the university amount to 12,242 vols. The commencement is on the second Thursday hi September. There are in the city, 2 acade- mies, and 3 male and 2 female schools, of a high order. This city is more celebrated for its intel- ligent and polished .society, and as an elegant place of residence, than for the bustle of busi- ness. It had in 1840, 2 for. commission houses, cap. $35,500 ; 72 retail stores, cap. $892,285 ; value of machinery produced, §12,800 ; hard- ware, cutlery, &c., $10,000; 1 woollen fac, 9 ropewalks, cap. $186,860; 3 tanneries, 1 brewery, 4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 3 weekly and 2 semi-weekly newspapers, and 7 periodicals. Cap. in manufac. $423,340. 1 college, 339 stu- dents, 2 acad. 65 students, 12 sch. 686 scholars. It is said that the name was given to this place by the surveyors, who, while laying it out, re- ceived intelligence of the battle of Le.xington. In 1797 it contained only 50 houses. The coun- try around the city is one of the most fertile districts in the United States. Lexington, t., St. Clair co., Mich. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,000. 3 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 413. Le.xington, t., Stark co., O. It contains 1 sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 1,637. Lexington, p-v., Troy t., Richland co., O., 56 N. N. E. Columous, 385 W. Situated on Clear fork of Mohiccan cr., and contains 3 churches, 4 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 carding and lulling m., 80 dwellings and about 400 inhabitants. Le.xington, p-v., capital of Scott co., la., 89 s. by E. Indianapolis, 577 W. It is situated on the head waters of Muscatatack fork of White r., 11 miles w. of the Ohio r. It contains a court house, 3 stores, and about 200 inhabitants. Lexington, p-v., McLean co., 111., 90 n. e. Springfield, 757 W. Lexington, p-v., capital of La Fayette co.. Mo., 132 w. N. w. JefTerson city, 1,046 W. It is situated U m. s. of the Missouri r. It contains a court house, jail, a U. S. land office, several stores and dwellings. There are in the t. 4 sch. 145 scholars. Pop. 2,354. Lexington, C. H., Lexington dist., S. C, 12 w. Columbia, 518 W. Situated on a small branch of Saluda r., and contains a court house, jail, an academy, several stores and dwellings. Leyden, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 102 w. .\- w. Boston, 412 W. The surface is mountainous ; soil, adapted to grazing. Wa'ered by Green r., a branch of Deerfield r. Incorporated in 1809. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 5 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 632. Leyden, p-t.. Lews co., N. Y., 15 s. Marlins- burg, 120 N. w. Albany, 425 VV. ITie surface is hilly ; soil, fertile sandy loam. Drained by Moose and Black rivers. It has 5 stores, cap. $22,600 ; 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,015. 10 sch. 556 scholars. Pop. 2,43S. Liberty, county, Ga. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 660 sq. miles. It has the Atlantic on its s. e. border, and Altamaha r. on its s. w. border. Watered by Little Cannou- chee r. and Taylor's cr. The surface is level. Capital, Riceboro.' There were in 1810, neat cattle 14,581, sheep 3,196, swine 7,539; Indian corn 90,847 bushels produced, oats 6,182, pota- toes 88,474, rice 223,297 pounds, cotton 1,347,421, sugar 8,450 ; 9 stores, $39,230 ; 7 grist ra., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,750. 6 acad. 166 stu dents, 1 sch. 7 scholars. Pop. whites 1,645, slaves 5,561, free col'd 35 ; total, 7,241. Liberty, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 20 e. Augusta, 616 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Wa- tered by a branch of St. George's r., issuing from 2 ponds. Incorporated in 1827. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,400 ; 1 tannery, 5 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $6,900. 6 sch. 321 scholars. Pop. 895. Liberty, p-t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 119 s. w. Albany, 304 W. The surface is mountainous ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by CoUikoon cr. and other branches of the Delaware r. The v. contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal church, 1 store, 15 dwellings, and about 75 inhabitants. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $9,500 ; 1 ful- ling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 17 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,500; II sch. 588 scholars. Pop. 1,569. Liberty, v., Conhocton t., Steuben co., N. Y. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 300 in- habitants. Liberty, p-t., Tioga co.. Pa., 123 n. by w. Harrisburg, 233 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel and clay. It has 3 stores, cap. $8,500; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,808. 1 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 1,128. Liuerty, t., Adams co.. Pa. It has 2 distille- ries, 4 flouring m., 6 .saw m. Pop. 773. Liberty, t., Columbia co.. Pa. The surface is chiefly level ; soil, clay. Drained by ('hilisqua- que and Mahoning creeks. It has 2 stores, cap. .$7,000 ; 1 distillery, 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,389. 4 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 1,328. Liberty, t., Susquehanna co.. Pa. If has 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,000. 6 sch. 124 scholars. Pop. 554. Liberty, t., McKean co.. Pa. It has 6 stores, cap. $18,100 ; 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,500. 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 198. Liberty, p-v., capital of Bedford co., Va., 142 w. by s. Richmond, 217 W. Situated on a branch of Otter r., and contains a court house, jail, 3 churches — 2 Baptist and 1 Free — a masonic hall, 5 stores, 1 tobacco fac, 2 tanneries, 70 dwellings, and about 375 inhabitants. Liberty, p-v., Hall co., Ga., 130 n. n. w. Mil- ledgeville, 609 W. Lujerty, p-v., De Kalb co., Tenn., 50 e. LIB 345 Lie Nashville, 631 W. Situated on the n. side of a branch of Cany fork of Cumberland r. It has 1 church, 1 store, and several dwellings. Liberty, p-v., capital of Casey co., Ky., 69 s. Frankfort, 583 W. Situated on the n. side of Green r. It has a court house and 135 inhabit- ants. Liberty, p-v., Jefferson t., Montgomery co., O., 7 w. Dayton, 75 w. by s. Columbus, 468 W. It contains 1 church, 3 stores, and about 350 inhabitants. Liberty, t., Adams co., O. It has 3 stores, cap. $1,200; 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,048. 1 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 1,498. Liberty, t., Butler co., O. It has 4 sch. 106 scholars. Pop. 1,479. Liberty, t., Clinton co., O. It has 3 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,524. 7 sch. 421 scholars. Pop. 1,049. Liberty, t., Crawford co., O. It has 8 sch. 590 scholars. Pop. 1,469. Liberty, t., Delaware co., O. It has 7 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 811. Liberty, t., Fairfield co., O. The Ohio canal passes through the t. Pop. 2,778. Liberty, t., Guernsey co., O. It has 5 sch. 176 scholars. Pop. 702. Liberty, t., Hancock co., O. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $300. 5 sch. 254 scholars. Pop. 592. Liberty, t., Hardin co., O. Pop. 170. Liberty, t.. Highland co., O. It has 88 stores, cap. $150,000; 7 fulling m., 2S tanneries, 1 dis- tillery, 3 potteries, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 7 flouring m., 25 grist ra., 24 saw m., 3 oil ra. Cap. in manufac. $45,337. 2 acad. 150 students, 12 sch. 800 scholars. Pop. 3,521. Liberty, t., Jackson co., O. It has 1 store, cap. $150; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $200. Pop. 474. Liberty, t., Knox co., O. It aboimds with yellow poplar, which is nearly equal to white pine. Ihe v. called Mount Liberty contains 2 stores, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Pop. 1,205. Liberty, t.. Licking co., O. It has 10 sch. 439 scholars. Pop. 1,115. Liberty, t., Logan co., O. It has 5 sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 808. Liberty, t., Seneca co., Ohio. It has 1 store, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Capital in manufac. $785. 7 schools, 221 scholars. Pop. 1,084. Liberty, t.. Van Wert co., O. Pop. 117. Liberty, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 79 w. De- troit, 539 W. It has 2 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 525. Liberty, p-v., capital of Union co., la., 72 e. by s. Indianapolis, 515 W. Situated on the e. side of Silver cr., a branch of Whitewater r. It contains a brick court house, an academy, 4 stores, a steam saw m., and about 500 inhabit- ants. Liberty, t.. Grant co., la. Pop. 500. Liberty, t, Henry co., la. It has 3 sch. 83 scholars. Pop. 1,813. Liberty, t., Shelby co., la. Pop. 767. Liberty, t., Wabash co., la. It has 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 471. Liberty, p-v., Adams co., III., 90 w. Spring- field, 870 W. Liberty, p-v., capital of Clay co.. Mo., 159 w. N. w. Jefferson city, 1,072 W. ^ contains 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — 2 academies, 14 stores, and 1,127 inhabitants. Liberty, p-v., capital of Amite co., 3Iiss., 101 44 s. s. w. Jackson, 1,101 W. Situated on the e. side of the w. fork of Amite r., and contains a court house and several dwellings. Liberty, t., Callaway co.. Mo. It has 2 sch. 56 scholars. Pop. 866. Liberty, t., Crawford co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 265. Liberty, t., Macon co.. Mo. It has 3 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 1,107. Liberty, t., Madison co.. Mo. It has 2 sch. 31 scholars. Pop. 424. Liberty, t., Marion co.. Mo. It has 4 sch. 155 scholars. Pop. 2,159. Liberty, t., St. Francis co.. Mo. It has 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 606. Liberty, t., Washington co., Mo. It has 3 sch. 56 scholars. Pop. 747. Liberty, t., Jackson co., Mich. It has 1 dis- tillery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,250. 2 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 525. Liberty, p-t.. Pope co.. Ark., 93 n. w. Little Rock, 1,158 W. Pop. 300. Liberty Corners, p-o., Somerset co., N. J., 40 N. Trenton, 211 W. It contains a store, and about 25 dwellings . Liberty Hall, p-o., Dallas co., Ala., 79 s. Tuscaloosa, 869 W. Liberty Hall, p-o., Washington co., Va., 291 w. by s. Richmond, 356 W. Liberty Hall, p-o., Newberry dist., S. C, 57 w. N. w. Columbia, 491 W. Liberty Hill, p-o.. New London co., Ct. Liberty Hill, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 175 w. Raleigh, 383 W. Liberty Hill, p-o., Kershaw dist., S. C, 55 i\. E. Columbia, 482 W. Liberty Mills, p-v.. Orange co., Va., 79 n. w. Richmond, 100 W. Liberty Mills, p-o., Wabash co., la., 115 n. by E. Indianapolis, 60 1 W. Liberty Town, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 70 N. w. Annapolis, 55 W. LiBERTYViLLE, p-0., Ncw Paltz t., Ulster co., N. Y., 78 s. by w. Albany, 308 W. Situated on the bank of the Wallkill, and contains 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 fulling m. and carding machine. LiBERTYVtLLE, p-V., Sussex CO., N. J., 90 N. Trenton, 259 W. Situated 3 ms. e. of Blue moun- tain. LiBERTYViLLE, p-0.. Lake CO., 111., 230 n. n. E. Springfield, 745 W. Lick Creek, p-o., Clinton co., Ky., 128 s Frankfort, 600 W. Lick Creek, p-o., Hickman co., Tenn., 40 s. w. Nashville, 724 W. Lick, t., Jackson co., O. Named from a salt hck within its limits. It has 10 stores, capital $12,200 ; 2 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $2,150. 2 sch. 53 scholars. Pop. 822. Licking, r., Ky., rises in Floyd co., and after a course of 180 ms. falls into the Ohio r. at New- port, opposite to Cincinnati. It is navigable for /O miles. Licking, r., O., a large w. branch of Muskin- gum r., formed by the union of 3 principal branch- es, near Newark. It furnishes extensive water power, particularly by a dam at its mouth. Licking, county, O. Situated a little s. e. of the centre of the slate, and contains 666 sq. miles. The surface is an elevated table land. The soil is very fertile. Watered by Licking r. and its branches, a branch of Muskingum r., wliich afford extensive water power. Iron ore is extensively found. The Ohio canal passes through the co. Capital, Newark. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 31,354, sheep 53,419, swine 45,504: wheat 546,471 bushels produced, rye 9,184, Indian corn LIM 346 LIV 831,794, buckwheat 15,735, oats 465,392, potatoes 107.241, tobacco 121,693 pounds, sugar 102,383 ; 11 commission houses, cap. $44,000; 103 stores, cap. $318,295; 1 furnace, 6 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 21 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 1 brewery, 13 flouring m., 23 grist m., 72 saw m., 2 oil m. 3 printing offices, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $319,565. 5 acad. 555 students, 129 sch. 6,017 scholars. Pop. 35,096. Licking, t., Licking co., O. Situated on the national road, and contains the v. of Jackson. It has 2 sch. 107 scholars. Pop. 1,215. Licking, t., Muskingum co., O. Situated on the Oliio canal. Jt contains 2 churches, and 2 large ancient mounds. Licking, p-o., Fleming co., Ky., 85 e. by n. Frankfort, 487 W. Licking Creek, t., Bedford co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,950. Pop. 824. Licking Grove, p-o., Pendleton co., Ky., 63 N. E. Frankfort, 514 W. Licking Station, p-o., Moi-gan co., Ky., 132 E. by s. Frankfort, 479 W. Licking Valley, p-o., Kenton co., Ky. LicKviLLE, p-v., Greenville dist., S.C., 106 n. w. by w. Columbia, 519 W. Light's Corners, p-o., Waldo co., Me., 25 e. Augusta, 621 W. Light Street, p-o., Columbia co.. Pa. LiGONiER, p-t., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 149 w. Harrisburg, 175 W. Situated in a valley. Soil, calcareous loam. Drained by Loyahanna creek and its branches. The v. contains 1 Presbyte- rian and 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, 1 tannery 1 sch. 50 scholars, about 35 dwellings, and 294 inhabitants. There are in tlie t. 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $16,668. 9 sch. 324 scholars. Pop. 2,204. LiLEsviLLE, p-v., Anson co., N. C, 141 s. w. by w. Raleigh, 417 W. Lima, p-t., Livingston co., N. Y., 213 w. Alba- ny, 399 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, a fertile clay and calcareous loam. Drainer! by Honeoye cr. and its tributaries. The v. contains 1 Pres- byterian and 1 Methodist church, the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, 4 stores, 100 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $26,075; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,420. 1 acad. 550 students, 9 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 2,176. Lima, p-v., Delaware co.. Pa., 88 e. s. e. Har- risburg, 122 W. Lima, p-v., capital of Allen co., O., 101 n. w. by w. Columbus, 472 W. Situated on Ottawa r., 20 ms. from its mouth. It contains 3 churches, a U. S. land office, 8 stores, and about 600 in- habitants. Lima, t.. Licking co., O. It has 5 schools 262 scholars. Pop. 739. Lima, p-t., Washtenaw co., Mich., 51 w. De- troit, 539 W. The v. is situated on a branch of Mill cr., and contains 2 stores and several dwell- ings. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 saw m. Lima, p-v., Adams co.. 111., 122 w. Springfield, 902 W. It contains 10 or 12 dwellings. Lima, p-v., capital of La Grange co., la., 175 N. by E. Indianapolis, 573 W. It is situated in the s. w. corner of Mongoquinong prairie, on the n. bank of Pigeon r., and contains a court house, jail, 2 churches — 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian — 6 stores, 1 sch. 30 scholars, and 178 inhabitants. There are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $33,250 ; 1 tan- nery, 1 grist m., 3 saw ni. Cap. in manufactures $8,405. 1 college 60 students, 1 acad. 80 students, 3 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 5S4. Limber Lost, p-o., Adams co., la. LiMANviLLE, p-v.. Stark co., O., 144 N. e. Co- lumbus, 307 W. Lime Creek, p-o., Lenawee co., Mich., 86 s w. Detroit, 515 W. LiMERiCKjP-t., York CO., Me., 76 s. w. Augus- ta, 535 W. The soil is fertile. Watered by Lit- tle Ossipee river. The v. contains an academy. Chartered in 1787. It has 9 stores, cap. $21,000 ; 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,650. 1 acad. 130 students, 613 scholars in schools. Pop. 1,508. Limerick, p-v.. Brownville t., .lefferson co., N. Y., 172 N. w. Albany, 424 W. Situated on Perch river, and contains 2 stores, 1 saw m., 35 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Limerick, p-t., Montgomery co., Pa., 78 E. Harrisburg, 167 W. Schuylkill r. runs on its s. w. border. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 lum- ber yard, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery. Cap. in man- ufac. $5,125. Pop. 1,786. Lime Rock, p-v., Smilhfield t.. Providence co., R. I., 10 N. Providence, 410 W. It contains a baidi, a church, several stores and dwellings. Lime Ridge, p-o., Columbia co.. Pa. Lime Rock, p-o., Litchfield co., Ct.,47 w. Hart- ford, 339 W. Limestone, county, Ala. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 575 sq. ms. Ten- nessee r. runs on its s. border. Watered by Elk r. and its branches. Swan r., Piney and Lime- stone crs. Capital, Athens. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,740, sheep 9,050, swine 45,821 ; wheat 32,599 bush, produced, rye 2,373, Ind. corn 980,240, oats 113,615, potatoes 29,560, tobacco 15,512 pounds, cotton 5,772,948; 11 stores, cap. $98,355 ; 3 tanneries, 9 distilleries, 20 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $28,415. 5 acad. 155 students, 23 sch. 683 scholars. Pop. whites 7,498, slaves 6,840, free col'd 36 ; total, 14,374. Limestone, t., Clinton co., Pa. It has 1 grist m. Pop. 200. Limestone, t., Columbia co.. Pa., 10 n. w. Dan- ville. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam. Watered by Chilisquaque cr. and Limestone run. It has 1 store, cap. $15,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 distil- lery, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,150. 4 sch. 180 scholars. Pop. 646. Limestone, t., Warren co.. Pa. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 3 sch. 26 scholars. Pop. 129. Limestone, t., Lycoming co., Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,200. 4 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 800. Limestone, p-v., Armstrong co.. Pa., 154 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 262 W. Limestone, p-o., Buncombe co., N. C, 266 w. by s. Raleigh, 496 W. Limestone, p-o., Houston co., Ga., 67 s. w. Milledgeville, 724 W. Limestone, p-o., Hamilton co., Tenn., 144 s. E. Nashville, 5S1 W. Limestone Springs, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 93 N. w. Columbia, 450 W. Limestone Wells, p-o., Stokes co., N. C, 103 w. N. w. Raleigh, 314 W. Livingston, p-t., York co.. Me., 70 s. w. Au- gusta, 541 W. Saco r. bounds it on the N. E., and Little Ossipee r. on the s. e. The soil is fer- tile. Incorporated in 1762. It has 7 stores, cap. $13,200 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,070. 18 sch. 347 scholars. Pop. 2,210. LIN 347 LIN Lincoln, county, Me. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 950 sq. ms. Watered by Kennebec, Sheepscot, Damariscotta, Muscon- gus, and St. George rs. The Atlantic bounds it on the s., having many inlets, forming many fine harbors. The soil is productive, but the principal attention is directed to commerce, the coasting trade, and the fisheries. Capitals, Wiscasset, Topsham, and Warren. There were in 1840, neat cattle 39,904, sheep 71,473, swine 12,066 ; wheat 27,813 bush, produced, rye 10,534, Indian corn 104,863, barley 83,265, oats 42,320, potatoes 1,143,407 ; 14 commercial houses in foreign trade, cap. $422,926 ; 385 stores, cap. $695,230 ; 13 lum- ber yards, cap. $71,050 ; cap. invested in fisheries, $187,906 ; 27 fulling m., 3 furnaces, 47 tanneries, 2 potteries, 2 flouring m., 66 grist m., 178 saw m., 1 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 4 week- ly newspapers. Cap. in raanufac. $1,251,323. 1 college, 17 students, 12 acad. 586 students, 360 sch. 18,986 scholars. Pop. 63,517. Lincoln, county, N. C. Situated toward the w. part of the state, and contains 1,200 sq. miles. Great Catawba r. rims on its e. border. Watered by Little Catawba r. and its branches, and Dutch- man's and Buffalo crs., the last of which flows into Broad r. Capital, Lincolnton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 26,573, sheep 18,099, swine 45,833; wheat 185,373 bu.sh. produced, rye 6,810, oats 84,324, potatoes 42,860, tobacco 25,000 pounds, cotton 1,479,396; 30 .stores, cap. $175,500 ; 1 full- ing m., 1 cotton fac. 1,284 sp., 20 tanneries, 356 distilleries, 3 potteries, 56 flouring m., 90 grist m., 75 saw m., 7 oil m., 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $89,760. 5 acad. i62 students, 80 sch. 1,925 scholars. Pop. whites 19,658, slaves 5,386, free col'd 116 ; total, 25,160. Lincoln, county, Ga. Situated toward the n. E. part of the state, and contains 220 sq. ms. Sa- vannah r. runs on its n. e. border, and Little r. on its s. border. Watered by Fishing and Soap crs., which flow into the Savannah. Capital, Lincoln- ton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,039, sheep 2,130, swine 19,951; wheat 14,148 bush, prod., Ind. corn 97,187, oats 23,484, potatoes 3,633, cot- ton 3,206,799 poimds ; 7 stores, cap. $19,3t)0 ; 3 acad. 125 students, 12 sch. 362 schol's. Pop. whites 2,527, slaves 3,339, free colored 29 ; total, 5,895. Lincoln, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 650 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Elk r. and its branches. Capital, Fayette- ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,718, sheep 22,058, supine 98,665 ; wheat 104,557 bush, produced, rye 8,805, Indian corn 1,436,575, oats 239,896, potatoes 29,029, tobacco 21,182 pounds, cotton 484,518, sugar 19,381 ; 21 stores, capital $111,000; 1 cotton fac. 126 sp., 14 tanneries, 87 distilleries, 12 flouring m., 40 grist m., 22 saw rn., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $92,324. 4 acad 135 students, 41 sch. 1,244 scholars. Pop. whites 17,217, slaves 4,221, free col'd 55 ; total, 21,493. Lincoln, county, Ky. Situated a little e. of the centre of the state, and contains 432 sq. miles. Drained by Dick's r. and its branches, tributary of Kentucky r., and by head branches of Green r. The surface is an elevated table land. Capi- tal, Stanford. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,445, sheep 17,544, swine 23,525 ; wheat 38,885 bush, produced, rye 21,981, Indian com 455,230, oats 95,927, potatoes 11,017, sugar 9,834 pounds ; 8 stores, cap. .$60,200 ; 7 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 5 grist m., 3 saw m., 3 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $45,476. 3 acad. 150 students, 5 sen. 153 scholars. Pop. whites 6,582, slaves 3,450, free cord 155 ; total, 10,187. Lincoln, county. Mo. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Drained by Cuivre r. and its branches. Capital, Troy. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,066, sheep 8,198, swine 22,800; wheat 27,321 bush, prod., Ind. corn 347,225, oats 48,382, potatoes 12,566, tobacco 549,659 pounds, sugar 18,063 ; 23 stores, cap. $120,440 ; 5 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 5 flour- ing m., 22 grist m., 13 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $114,795. 1 acad. 72 students, 11 sch. 277 scholars. Pop. wliitcs 5,873, slaves 1,572, free col'd 4 ; total, 7,449. Lincoln, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 117 n. n. e. Augusta, 712 W. Penobscot r. bounds it on the N. w. Watered by Matanaucook r. The soil is very fertile. It has 6 stores, cap. $7,500 ; 1 tan- nery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $900. 11 sch. 401 scholars. Pop. 1.121. Lincoln, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 62 n. by w. Concord, 543 W. The surface is mountainous. Drained by Pemigewasset r. and its branch, Mer- rimac r. It has 3 schools, 34 scholars. Pop. 76. Lincoln, p-t., Addison co., Vt., 55 s. w. !?iIont- pelier, 495 W. Chartered in 1780, but not set- tled until 1790. The surface is uneven. Water- ed by New Haven r., and a branch of Mud r. Settled originally by Friends, who have a church. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 3 forges, 7 saw m. Capital in manufac. $3,500. 8 sch. 310 scholars. Pop. 770. Lincoln, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 16 w. by N. Boston, 434 W. The surface is uneven and rough ; soil, various, from the poorest to the best. Bounded w. by Sudbury r., a branch of Concord r. Drained by a branch of Charles r., issuing from a pond near its centre. It contains 1 Con- gregational church, 2 stores, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 4 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 686. Lincoln, p-t, Delaware co., O., 44 n. Colum- bus, 405 W. It has 6 sch. 106 scholars. Pop. 549. Lincoln, p-v., Macoupin co.. III., 59 s. by w. Springfield, 799 W. Situated near the head of Wood r. Lincoln, p-v, Yazoo co.. Miss., 40 n. w. Jackson, 1,029 W. Situated on the e. side of Yazoo r. Lincoln Centre, p-o., Lincoln t., Penobscot CO., Me., 119 N. e. Augusta. 714 W. Lincolnton, p-v., capital of Lincoln co., N. C, 172 w. by s. Raleigh. 409 W. Situated on the E. side of Little Catawba r. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Lutheran, and 1 3Ielhodist — 2 academies, 9 stores, 85 dwellings, and 836 inhabitants. There are several impor- tant mills and manufactures of cotton, iron, and paper, in the vicinity. Lincolnton, p-v., capital of Lincoln co., Ga., 98 N. E. Milledgeville, 566 W. It contains a court house, jail, a Baptist church, several stores, and about 15 dwellings. Lincolnville, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 10 s. Belfast, 49 E. by s. Augusta, 633 W. Penobscot r. is on its e. border. There is a large pond on its s. w. border, from which flows ]>Iegunticook r. It has a fine harbor in its n. part, called Duck Trap, where ducks were formerly found and killed in great numbers. It has considerable coasting trade. The t. contains 10 stores, cap. $4,300 ; 1 fullhig m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 7 savv' m. Cap. in manufac. $12,167. ] acad. 30 stu- dents, 15 sch. 723 scholars. Pop. 2,048. Linden, p-o., Genesee co., N. Y., 250 w. by N. Albany, 368 W. Linden, p-v., capital of Marengo co., Ala., 80 s. by w. Tuscaloosa, 892 W. Situated on the LIN 348 LIS s. side of Chickasaw bogue cr., and 8 ms. E. of Tombigbee r. It contains a court house, and several stores and dweUings. Linden, p-o., Clark co., Miss., 155 E. by s. Jackson, 966 W. Lindley's p-c, Ohio co., Ky., 166 w. s. w. Frankfort, 708 W. Lindley's Mills, p-o., Washington co., Pa., 233 w. Harrisburg, 247 W. Lindley's Store, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 47 N. w. Raleigh, 305 W. Lindley, t., Steuben co., N. Y., 25 s. e. Bath, 221 e. s. e. Albany. The surface is liilly ; soil, clay and sandy loam. Drained by Tioga r. The Corning and Blossburg railroad passes through the t. It has 2 stores, cap. $18,000 ; 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,855. 3 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 63S. LiNDLEYTOWN, p-o., Lindley t., Steuben co., N. Y., 229 w. by s. Albany, 270 W. LiNDSEY, t., Benton co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 811. LiNDSAYViLLE, p-o., WilsoH CO., Tenn., 23 e. Nashville, 669 W. LiNDSAYViLLE, p-v., Oswcgo CO., N. Y., 174 w. N. w. Albany, 400 W. Line Creek, p-o., Greenville dist., S. C, 100 N. w. by w. Columbia, 525 W. Line Creek, p-o., Montgomery co., Ala., 138 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 839 W. Line Lexington, p-v., Bucks co.. Pa., 93 e. Harrisburg, 162 W. It lies partly in 3 towns and 2 counties, and contains 12 or 14 dwellings. Line Mills, p-o., Crawford co., Pa., 249 n. w. by w. Harrisburg, 315 W. Line Store, p-o.. Hinds co.. Miss., 22 s. by w. Jackson, 1,032 W. LiNGLESTOWN, p-v., Lower Paxton t., Dauphin CO., Pa., 8 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 118 W. It con- tains a Lutheran church, 2 stores, and about 25 dwellings. LiNKLAEN, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 122 w. Albany, 336 W. The surface is undulating; soil, argillaceous loam. Drained by branches of Ostelic r. It has 1 store, cap. $1,400 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 4 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $3,150. 9 sch. 354 scholars. Pop. 1,249. Linn, county, Iowa. Situated in the w. part of the ter., and contains 720 sq. ms. Organized in 1837. Drained by Wabesipinica r. and Buf- falo cr., and Cedar fork of Iowa r. The surface is gently undulating; soil, very fertile. Capital, Marion. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,491, sheep 259, swine 2,523 ; wheat 5,908 bush, pro- duced, Ind. corn 24,654, oats 2,993, potatoes 5,669, sugar 4,804 pounds ; 6 stores, cap. $15,300 ; 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,005. 1 sch. 12 scholars. Pop. 1,373. Linn, county. Mo. Situated toward the n. part of the stale, and contains 588 sq. ms. Drain- by Locust and Yellow creeks. Capital, Linneus. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,434, sheep 1,219, swhie 6,076 ; wheat 2,834 bush, produced, Ind. corn 47,175, oats 4,584, potatoes 1,600, to- bacco 7,012 pounds ; 4 stores, cap. 1,806. Pop. whites 2,102, slaves 143 ; total, 2,245. Linneus, p-t., Aroostook co.. Me., 8 s. w. Houlton, 190 N. N. E. Augusta, 785 W. Drained by a branch of Matawamkeag r. Incorporated in 1837. The soil is fertile. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 sch. 134 scholars. Pop. 311. Linneus, p-v., capital of Linn co., Mo., 136 n. w. by N. Jefferson city, 1,030 \V. Linnville, p-v.. Bowling Green t.. Licking co., O., 35 E. Columbus, 358 W. Situated on the national road, and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. Linnville, p-v., Jefferson co.. Mo., 112 e' Jefferson city, 851 W. Linnville Creek, p-o., Rockingham co., Va., 136 N. w. Richmond, 135 W. Linnville River, p-o., Burke co., N. C, 209 w. Raleigh, 439 W. Linton, t., Coshocton co., O. Organized in 1811, and contains the v. of Plainfield. Tliere are 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Pop. 1,196. Linton, p-o., Greene co., la., 87 s. w. Indian- apolis, 654 W. LioNviLLE, p-v., Chester co., Pa., 71 e. by s. Harrisburg, 127 W. LiroNA, p-o., Jefferson co., Flor., 15 e. Talla- hassee, 911 W. LippiT, p-o., Kent co., R. I., 11 Providence, 401 W. Lisco.mb's, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 36 n. w. Raleigh, 278 W. LisDON, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 33 s. s. w. Augus- ta, 572 W. Androscoggin r. runs on its s. w. border, and has here considerable falls. A bridge crosses the r. to Durham. It has 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,600. 11 sch. 439 schol- ars. Pop. 1,532. Lisbon, p-t., Graflon co., N. H., 89 n. n. w Concord, 534 W. Watered by Great Ammonoo- suc r. and its branches. The soil on the streams is fertile, but in other parts various. Iron ore and limestone are founcl. It has 4 stores, cap. $18,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $168,750. 13 sch. 687 scholars. Pop. 1,682. Lisbon, pt.. New London co., Ct., 7 n. Nor- wich, 43 s. E. Hartford, 361 W. The surface is uneven and hilly ; soil, gravelly loam, with some alluvial soil on the rs. Watered by Quinnebaug and Shetucket rivers, which imite at its s. part, taking the name of the latter. It has 2 parishes, with each a Congregational church. It has 3 store.*!, cap. $2,600 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac 1,036 sp., 1 tannery, 2 grist ra., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac $20,400. 9 sch. 345 schol- ars. Pop. 1,052. Lisbon, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 10 w. Canton, 218 n. n. w. Albany, 485 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, fertile loam. Drained by Grass r. St. Lawrence r. bounds it on the n. w. It has 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,360. 23 sch. 796 scholars. Pop. 3,508. Lisbon, p-v., Anne Arundel co., Md., 56 n. w. Annapolis, 60 W. Lisbon, p-o., Clermont co., O., 109 s. w. Co- lumbus, 480 W. Lisbon, p-v., Bedford co., Va., 150 w. by s. Richmond, 225 W. Lisbon, p-v.. La Salle co., 111., 154 n. n. e. Springfield, 772 W. Lisbon, v., capital of Calcasieu par.. La. Situa- ted on the E. side of Calcasieu r. It contains 1 store. Lisburn, p-v., Cumberland co.. Pa., 9 s. w. Harrisburg, 107 W. Situated on Yellow Breech- es cr. Lisburn, p-v., Sampson co., N. C, 113 s. s. e Raleigh, 343 W. Lisle, p-t., Broome co., N. Y., 133 w. s. w. Albany, 310 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, clay and sandy loam. Drained by Toughnioga r. and its tributaries. It has 6 stores, cap. $17,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,150. 11 sch. 542 scholars. Pop. 1,560. Lisle, p-v.. Gasconade co., Mo., 10 s. E. Jef- ferson city, 926 W. LIT 349 LIT LiSTON, p-0., Wabash co., la. Litchfield, county, Ct. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 835 sq. ms. The surface is elevated, and in some parts mountain- ous ; soil, generally gravelly loam, and fertile. Watered by Housatonic r. and its branches, and branches of Naugatuck and Farmuigton rivers, which afTord extensive water power. Iron ore is found in Salisbury and Kent, and extensively manufactured. Capital, Litchfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 52,749, sheep 119,990, swine 30,421 ; wheat 23,574 bush, produced, rye 128,143, Ind. corn 219,278, buckwheat 59,625, oats 316,687, "potatoes 568,880, silk cocoons 755 pounds, sugar 42,354; 131 stores, cap. $576,930; 14 furnaces, 36 forges, cap. employed .$413,500 ; 34 fuUingm., 18 woollen fac, 5 cotton fac. 6,334 sp., 49 tanne- ries, 6 distilleries, 49 grist m., 139 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspa- pers. Cap. in manufac. $994,247. 12 acad. 480 students, 282 sch. 9,667 scholars. Pop. 40,448. Litchfield, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 11 s. s. w. Augusta, 5S4 W. Watered by branches of Cobbeseconte r., which runs on its n. e. border, proceeding from a large pond in the .\. w. part of the t. The soil is fertile. It has 6 stores, cap. §6,600; 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,558. 17 sch. 952 scholars. Pop. 2,293. Litchfield, t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 30 s. by E. Concord. Situated on the e. side of Merrimac r., across which are 2 ferries. Tlie soil is fertile. Organized in 1734. It has 2 stores, cap. $15,000 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,495. 5 sch. 161 scholars. Pop. 480. Litchfield, p-t., capital of Litchfield co., Ct., 100 N. N. E. New York, 32 w. Hartford, 326 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, a strong gravelly loam, well adapted to grazing. Incorporated in 1724. Watered by head branches of Shepaug and Naugatuck rivers, which afford w ater power. In its s. w. part is the largest pond in the state, containing 900 acres. The v. is pleasantly situ- ated on the summit of a hill, principally built on 2 streets, crossing each other at right angles, at the intersection of which is a handsome square. It contains a neat court house, jail, 1 Congrega- tional and 1 Episcopal church, a female acade- my, one of the oldest, and long the most celebra- ted in the state, a branch of the Phcenix Bank of Hartford, 2 printing offices, 80 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. A law school was estab- lished here in 1784, by Hon. Tapping Reeve, with whom was afterwards as.sociated the Hon. James Gould, which was long the most celebrated in the United States, and which has been discon- tinued since the death of its distinguished con- ductors. Many of the principal civilians in the United States have been educated at this school. The V. was incorporated in 1718. There are several other parishes in the t., with villages and churches. South Farms, in the s. part of the t., contains a Congregational church and an acade- my. There are in the t., 21 stores, cap. $67,000 ; 7 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, 1 forge, 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspa- pers, 6 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in man- ufac. $57,550. 3 acad. 65 students, 31 sch. 940 scholars. Pop. 4,038. Litchfield, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 83 w. N. w. Albany, 337 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, calcareous loam. Watered by head branch- es of Unadilla r., and other streams, flowing into Mohawk r. It has 4 stores, cap. $11,000 ; 3 tan- neries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $69,275. 11 sch. 455 scholars. Pop. 1,672. Litchfield, p-t., Bradford co., Pa., 156 n. Harrisburg, 266 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Watered by branches of Wepas- sining creek. It has 1 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,420. 5 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 817. Litchfield, p-t., Medina co., O., 113 n. e. by N. Columfeus, 360 W. It has 2 stores, capital .$3,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,300. 6 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 737. Litchfield, p-t., Hillsdale co., Mich. The soil is fertile, well adapted to grain. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 3 sch. 112 schol- ars. Pop. 691. Litchfield, p-v., capital of Grayson co., Ky., lOD s. w. by w. Frankfort, 651 W. It contains a court house and several dwellings. Litchfield Corners, p-o., Kennebec co., Me., 15 s. by w. Augusta, 530 W. LiTHGOvv, p-o., Washington t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 75 s. Albany, 319 W. LiTHOPOLis, p-v., Bloom t., Fairfield co., O., 17 s. E. Columbus, 388 W. Situated on elevated ground, and contains 1 church, 6 stores, 40 dwel- lings, and about 250 inhabitants. LiTiz, p-v., Warwick t., Lancaster co., Pa., 45 E. by s. Harrisburg, 119 W. Settled by Moravi- ans, and contains 1 church, several stores, a sem- inary for young ladies, and about 80 dwellings. Little Beaver, t., Beaver co.. Pa. The sur- face is rolling ; soil, a fertile calcareous loam. Drained by a branch of Little Beaver cr. It has 6 stores, cap. $23,720 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $38,550. 7 sch. 244 scholars. Pop. 1,254. Little Be.wer Bridge, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 161 N. E. by E. Columbus, 268 W. Little Blue River, p-o., Shelby co., la., 36 s. E. Indianapolis, 554 W. Little Britaln, p-o., Hamptonburg t. Or- ange CO., N. Y., 98 s. by w. Albany, 286 W. Little Britain, t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 20 s. E. Lancaster. The surface is undulating; soil, clay. Watered by Octarara cr. and its branches, and Conewingo cr. It has 10 stores, cap. $24,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 8 flour- ing m., 9 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $39,400. 9 sch. 360 scholars. Pop. 3,042. Little Cahaba, p-o., Jefferson co., Ala., 75 n. E. Tuscaloosa, 742 W. Little Co.mpton, p-t., Newport co., R. I., 38 s. s. E. Providence. Situated at the e. entrance of Narraganset bay, having the Atlantic on the s. The suriiace is diversified ; soil, a fertile loam. Settled in 1674. It has a Congregationalist and a Friends church, 6 stores, cap. $21,700; 1 tan- nery. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 7 sch. 144 schol- ars. Pop. 1,327. Little Creek, h., Kent co., Del. It has 6 stores, cap. $11,800; 1 lumber yard, cap. $300; ('ap. in manufac. $2,750. 3 sch. 224 scholars. Pop. 2,050. Little Creek, h., Sussex co., Del. It has 13 stores, cap. $25,700; 1 forge, 4 tanneries, 11 grist m., 23 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,925. 1 acad. 53 students, 10 sch. 274 scholars. Pop. 2,973. Little Chucky, p-o., Greene co., Tenn. Little Crossings, p-o., Alleghany co., Md., 189 w. N. w. Annapolis, 157 W. Little Falls, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 91 w. N. w. Albany, 390 W. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, sandy and argillaceous loam. Fine quartz crystals are found here. Wa- tered by Mohawk r., on the s. side of which runs the Erie canal, and on the n. side, the Utica and LIT 350 LIT Schenectady railroad. The v. is situated on both sides of the Mohawk r., in a most romantic situa- tion, and contains 5 churclies — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — an academy, 2 printing offices, 1 bank, 30 stores and groceries, 1 woollen fac, 3 paper m., 3 flouring m., 2 plaster m., 1 trip-hammer works, 4 furnaces, 1 machine shop, 1 distillery, I brewery, 1 fulling m., and I sash fac. The river here has a fall of 42 feet in half a mile, affording great water power. The Erie canal has a feeder, which crosses the r. in a fine aqueduct, 214 feet long and 16 wide, with walls 14 feet high, upheld by one arch of 70 feet span, and two others of 50 feet each. The canal passed the brow of a moun- tain here, which reached to the border of the r., by expensive digging and embankment. In wi- dening the canal, more ample room is obtained by occupying a part of the bed of the r., between an island and the s. bank. There are in the t., 34 stores, cap. $88,500 ; 3 furnaces, 2 forges, 1 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 3 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 periodical, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $166,850. 8 sch. 810 scholars. Pop. 3,881. Little Falls, p-v., Passaic co., N. J., 79 n. IE. by N. Trenton, 245 W. The Passaic r. here has a fall of 33 feet, affording a great water power. It contains 4 stores, 2 cotton fac. with 2,400 sp., 1 grist m., 3 saw mills, and about 50 dwellings. The Morris canal here crosses the r. by an aque- duct. Little Fort, p-v., capital of Lake co., 111. It is situated on the w. shore of Lake Michigan. Little Genesee, p o., Genesee t., Alleghany CO., N. Y., 288 w. by s. Albany, 309 W. Little Gunpowder, p-o., Baltimore co., Md., 46 N. by E. Annapolis, 56 W. Little Hockhocking, p-o., Decatur t., Wash- ington CO., O., 107 E. s. E. Columbus, 314 W. Little Level, p-o., Pocahontas co., Va., 217 w. N. w. Richmond, 252 W. Little Mahanov, t., Northumberland co., Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $1,700 ; 1 tannery, 1 distille- ry, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,300. 1 sch. 33 scholars. Pop. 213. Little Marsh, p-o., Tioga co., Pa., 160 n. by w. Harrisburg, 274 W. Little Meadows, p-o., Susquehanna co., Pa., 199 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 289 W.. Little Mill Creek, p-o., Delaware co., O., 36 N. Columbus, 420 W. Little Muddy, p-o., Franklin co.. 111., 154 s. s. E. Springfield, 826 W. Little Osage, p-o.. Bates co., Mo., 158 w. s. w. Jefferson City, 1,094 W. Situated at the junction of Little Osage and Marmetou rivers. Little Piney, p-o., Pulaski co., Mo., 90 s. Jefferson City, 965 W. Situated at the jmiction of Little Piney with Gasconade r. Little Plymouth, p-v.. King and Queen co., Va., 60 E. by n. Richmond, 148 W. It contains 2 stores, a female seminary, 2 coach fac, 8 dwell- ings, and about 60 inhabitants. Little Prairie, p-o., Crawford co., Mo., 73 s. e. Jefferson City, 945 W. Little Prairie, t., New Madrid co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 436. Little Prairie Ronde, p-o., Cass co., Mich., 166 w. by s. Detroit, 623 W. Little, r., forms part of the boundary between N. C. and S. C, and runs into the Pedee. Little, r., Ga., flows into the Savannah, 30 ms. above Augusta. Little, r., Ky. runs into the e. side of Cum- berland r. Little, r., la., flows into the Wabash above Vincennes. Little River, po., Caldwell co., N. C, 172 w. Raleigh, 410 W. Little River, p-o., Horry dist., S. C, 224 E. Columbia, 440 W. Little River, p-o., Columbia co., Florida. Little River Village, p-o., Lincoln co., Me., 25 s. Augusta, 570 W. Little Rock, city, and capital of Pulaski co., and of the state of Arkansas, 1,065 Washington City. Situated on the s. bank of Arkansas r., 300 ms. above its mouth, by the course of the r. It is situated on a high rocky bluff, from 150 to 200 feet above the r., and is the first place in which rocks occur above its mouth. It is regu- larly laid out, and contains a state house, court house, jail, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Epis- copal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Cath- olic — 2 banking houses, a theatre, an academy, a U. S. arsenal, a U. S. land office, a penitentiary, 21 stores, 2 steam saw and grist m., 2 printing offices, 500 dwellings, and 2,500 inhabitants. First settled in 1820. Little Rock, p-o., Kane co., HI., 192 n. n. e. Springfield, 769 W. Little Sandusky, p-v., Pitt t., Crawford co., O., 56 N. Columbus, 419 W. Situated on Little Sandusky cr., one mile above its entrance into Sandusky r. It contains 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Little Sodus, p-o.. Sterling t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 181 vv. by N. Albany, 364 W. Littlestown, p-v., Adams co.. Pa., 42 s. w. Harrisburg, 77 W. Littleton, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 83 n. n. w. Concord, 544 W. Situated on the e. side of Connecticut r., which, opposite to the t., passes down the rapids, denominated Fifteen Mile falls, extending to Bath. These rapids are impassable by boats. There are 3 bridges over the Con- necticut here. Ammonoosuck r. passes through the s. e. part of the t. Incorporated in 1784. The v. is situated at the falls on this r. The t. has 4 stores, cap. $19,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,100. Littleton, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 26 w. N. w. Boston, 426 W. Stony r., a branch of Mer- rimac r., runs on its n. w. border, and in the s. part are 2 considerable ponds. Watered by Beaver branch of Concord r. Incorporated in 1715. The soil is tolerably fertile. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,800. 6 sch. 303 schol- ars. Pop. 927. Littleton, p-o., Sussex co., Va., 53 s. by e. Richmond, 172 W. Littleton, p-v., Halifax co., N. C, 78 n. e. by E. Raleigh, 210 W. Little Valley, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 300 w. by s. Albany, 342 W. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, various. Watered by Alleghany r. and its branches. It has 3 stores, cap. ,$7,000; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,502. 4 sch. 205 scholars. Pop. 700. Littleville, v., Avon t., Livingston co., N. Y. It contains 1 Congregational church, 1 store, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 20 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. Little Yadkin, p-o., Stokes co., N. C, 137 w. N. w. Raleigh, 330 W. Little Yadkin, r. (See Yadkin r.) Little York, p-o., Homer t., Cortland co., N. Y., 131 w. Albany, 321 W. Little York, p-o., Hunterdon co., N. J. LIV 351 LIV Little York, no., Butler t., Montgomery co., O., 75 w. by s. Columbus, 468 W. Little York, p-o., Washington co., la., 89 s. Indianapolis, 594 W. Little York, p-o., Warren co., 111., 131 n. w. Springfield, 861 W. LiTWALTON, p-o., Lancaster co., Va. Lively, p-o., St. Clair co., 111., 113 s. Spring- field, 822 W. LivERMORE, p-t., Oxford CO., Me., 30 w. Au- gusta, 596 W. Situated on both sides of Andros- coggin r., which affords water power. Incor- porated in 1715. It has villages on the r. It contains 9 stores, cap. $13,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,050. 22 sch. 1,146 scholars. Pop. 2,745. LivERMORE, p-o., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 176 w. Harrisburg, 204 W. LivERMORE, p-o., Ohio CO., Ky., 169 w. s. w. Frankfort, 711 W. LivERMORE Centre, p-o., Liverraore t., Ox- ford CO., Me., 24 w. Augusta, 600 W. LivERMORE Falls, p-o., Livermore t., Oxford CO., Me., 26 w. Augusta, 604 W. Liverpool, p-v., Salina t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 136 w. by n. Albany, 353 W. Situated on Onondaga lake, and contains 1 church, 10 stores, 150 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. It has saline springs belonging to the state, which produced in 1840, 802,954 bushels of fine salt. The Oswego canal passes through the place. LivERX'ooL, p-b., and t., Perry co.. Pa., 29 n. by w. Harrisburg, 139 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel and slate on the hills, and calcareous loam in the valleys. Susquehanna r. bounds it on the E. The v. is situated at the mouth of a cr., on the w. bank of the Susquehanna r., where are extensive iron works, and contains 4 stores, 2 sch. 103 scholars, and 451 inhabitants. Tliere are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 fulUng m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 6 flouring m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,188. 5 sch. 198 scholars. Pop. 763. Liverpool, t., Columbiana co., O. It has 5 sch. 151 scholars. Pop. 1,096. Liverpool, p-t., Medina co., O., 125 n. e. by N. Columbus, 356 W. It has a fertile soil. Wa- tered by llocky r. and its branches. It contains several churches. It has a sulphur spring, a rich petroleum spring, salt springs, and iron ore. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 full- ing m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,900. 3 sch. 126 schol- ars. Pop. 1,500. Liverpool, p-v.. Lake co., la., 162 n. n. w. Indianapolis, 706 W. Situated on the s. side of Deep r., a branch of Calumic r. Livingsto.v, county, N. Y. Situated central- ly toward the w. part of the state, and contains 509 sq. ms. Drained by Genesee r. and ( 'aiiase- raga cr. The soil is fertile, particularly on the streams. Gypsum and bog iron ore are found, and salt and sulphur springs. The latter, at Avon, are particularly celebrated. Capital, Geneseo. There were in 1840, neat cattle 29,>i49, sheep 163,395, swine 37,856 ; wheat 823,050 bush, pro- duced, rye 3,624, Ind. corn 184,730, buckwheat 26,488, bariey 84.276, oats 305,619, potatoes 348,369, sugar 119,438 pounds; 121 stores, cap. $446,120 ; 12 furnaces, 14 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 2 rope fac, 13 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 2 breweries, 1 pottery, 6 flouring m., 26 grist m., 66 saw m., 1 oil m., 4 paper fac, 4 printing ofllces, 2 binderies, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in man- ufac. $515,051. 6 acad. 782 students, 178 sch. 8,708 scholars. Pop. 35,140. Livingston, parish, La. Situated toward the s. E. part of iJie stale, and contains 730 sq. ras Amite r. runs on its w. and s. border into Lake Maurepas, which lies on its s. border. Lake Pontchartrain lies on its s. E. border. Watered by small rivers, which enter those lakes. Capi- tal, Springfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,361, sheep 829, swine 10,373 ; Ind. com 36,712 bush, produced, oats 1,500, potatoes 20,497, rice 83,930 pounds, cotton 250,445 ; 4 stores, cap. .$12,000; 1 tannery, 12 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,520. 1 acad. 60 students, 1 sen. 71 scholars. Pop. whites 1,533, slaves 739, free col'd 43; total, 2,315. Livingston, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 330 sq. ms. Ohio r. runs on its w. border, Tennessee r. on its s. w. border, where it enters the Ohio. Cumberland r. passes through it, and here enters the Ohio. The surface is level or moderately uneven ; soil, fertile. Capital, Smithland. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,284, sheep 7,62.3, swine 29,035; wheat 27,748 bush, procluced, Ind. com 421,415, oats 50,140, potatoes 10,695, tobacco 1,222,500 pounds; 1 forge; 19 stores, cap. $103,600"; 3 tan- neries, 4 distilleries, 9 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,650. 2 acad. 63 students, 10 sch. 261 scholars. Pop. whites 7,338, slaves 1,588, free col'd 99 ; total, 9,025. Livingston, county, Mich. Situated central- ly toward the e. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Drained by Shiawassee r. on the n., Cedar r. on the vv., and Huron r. s. Surface, gently undulating; soil, very fertile. Iron ore is found in the s. e. part, and salines near the centre. Capital, Howell. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,931, sheep 1,903, swine 10,952; wheat 84,943 bush, produced, Ind. com 82,081, buckwheat 7,757, barley 3,623, oats 77,943, pota- toes 93,647 ; 12 stores, cap. $62,500 ; 3 flouring m., 5 grist m., 14 saw ra. Cap. in manufactures $36,200. 69 sch. 1,777 scholars. Pop. 7,430. Livingston, county. 111. Situated n. e. of the centre of the state, and contains 1,026 sq. ms. Drained by Vennilion r. and its branches. The surface is gently undulating ; soil, fertile. Capi- tal, Pontiac. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,015, sheep 1,112, swine 4,298; wheat 13,014 busli. produced, Ind. corn 55,865, oats 14,920, po- tatoes 3,576, sugar 10,591 pounds; 1 store, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $5,900. 3 sch. 44 scholars. Population, 759. Livingston, county. Mo. Situated toward the N. w. part of the state, and contains 510 sq. ms. The surface is level ; soil, very fertile. Watered by Grand r. and its branches. Capital, Chilicothe. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,639, sliecp 1,8-13, swine 17,925; wheat 1,768 bush, produced, Ind. corn 135,598, oats 4,699, potatoes 3,587; 13 stores, cap. $29,000; 5 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. whiles 4,082, slaves 241, free col'd 2 ; total, 4,325. Livingston, p-t., Columbia co., N. Y., 37 s. Albany, 334 W. The surface is diversified ; soil, clay, loam, and gravel. Drained by An- eram or RoeliflT Jansen's cr., flowing into the Hud- son, which bounds it on the w. It has 6 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 2 fulling in., 1 woollen fac, 2 fur- naces, 4 flouring m., 4 grist ra. Cap. in manufac. $37,100. 10 sch. 447 scholars. Pop. 2,190. Livingston, p-t., Essex co., N. J., 9 n. w. Newark, 58 n. e. Trenton, 224 W. The surface is mountainous or rolhng, excepting on the Pas- saic r., which flows on its w. border, where it is level. Watered by small branches of the Pas- saic The village contains 1 store, and 10 or 12 dwellings. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. LOG 352 LOG $1,450; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,515. 5 sch. 1.58 scholars. Pop. 1,081. Livingston, p-v., Livingston co., Mich., 46 w. N. w. Detroit^ 539 W. Situated on Woodruff cr., a branch of Huron r., which affords extensive water power. It contains 2 stores, and a large flouring m. It has a fine healthy location, in the midst of a fertile country. Livingston, p-v., capital of Sumpter co., Ala., 68 s. w. Tuscaloosa, 886 W. Situated on the n. side of Sucarnochee r. It has a court house, and several dwellings. Livingston, p-v., Madison co.. Ark. Livingston, p-v., Madison co., Miss., 22 n. Jackson, 1,026 W. Livingston, p-v., Overton co., Term., 96 e. by N. Nashville, 608 W. Livingston, p-v., Clarke co., 111., 127 E. s. e, Springfield, 657 W. Livingstonville, p-v., Broome t, Schoharie CO., N., Y., 42 w. Albany, 369 W. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, 1 saw m., and 20 dwellings. Livonia, p-t., Livingston co., N. Y., 8 e. Gen- eseo, 224 w. Albany, 353 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, fertile. Drained by the outlet of Hemlock lake, which flows into Conesus lake. It has 9 stores, cap. $21,800 ; 4 fulling m., 1 wool- len fac, 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $57,274. 1 acad. 140 students, 15 sch. 881 scholars. Pop. 2,719. Livonia, p-t., Wayne co., Mich., 16 s. w. De- troit, 540 W. It has 1 store, cap. $5,000 ; 1 tan- nery, 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,485. 9 sch. 266 scholars. Pop. 1,169. Livonia, p-v., Washington co., la., 104 s. In- dianapolis, 615 W. It contains about 100 in- habitants. LoAG, p-o., Chester co., Pa., 62 e. by s. Har- risburg, 136 W. LoBACHsviLLE, p-c, Berks co., Pa., 66 e. Har- risburg, 159 W. Lobdell's Store, p-o., West Baton Rouge parish, La. Location, p-o., Coweta co., Ga., 97 w. by n. Milledgeville, 719 W. Lock, p-o., Knox co., O., 56 n. e. Columbus, 395 W. LocKBOURNE, p-v., Hamilton t., Franklin co., O., lis. Columbus, 404 W. Locke, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 20 s. Auburn, 155 w. Albany, 319 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Owasco inlet. It has 4 stores, cap. $18,000; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,704 ; 12 sch. 516 scholars. Pop. 1,654. Lock Berlin, p-o., Galen t., Wayne co., N. Y., 180 w. by N. Albany. Locke's Mills, p-o., Oxford co.. Me., 60 w. Augusta, 604 W. Lockiiart's Store, p-o., Holmes co., Miss., 71 N. Jackson, 988 W. Lock Haven, p-v., capital of Clinton co.. Pa., 107 n. w. by N. Harrisburg, 199 W. Situated on the s. side of the Susquehanna r. It contains a court house, four stores, and about 150 inhabit- ants. LocKPORT, p-t., capital of Niagara co., N. Y., 277 w. by n. Albany, 402 W. Tlie surface is equally divided by a terrace or range of hills, from which the streams flow n. to Lake Ontario, and s. into Tonavvanda cr The soil is a calca- reous and sandy loam. The v., incorporated in 1827, is situated on the Erie canal, and contains a court house, jail, clerk's oflice, 12 churches— 2 Presbyterian, 1 Congregational, 2 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Lutheran, 2 Friends, 1 Ro- man Catholic, and 1 African— 2 banks, 2 female seminaries, 80 stores and groceries, 4 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 cotton fiiic. with 2,100 sp., 2 woollen fac, 9 saw m., 2 plough fac, 2 plaster m., 1 sash fac, 2 furnaces, 1 machine shop, 2 carriage fac, 2 tanneries, and 1 fanning m. and threshing ma- chine fac, 800 dwellings, and about 6,500 in- habitants. An immense water power is here created by the surplus water of the Erie canal, which here rises 60 feet, by 5 double locks. A railroad proceeds from tliis place to Niagara falls and Buffalo. There are in the t. 1 commission house, cap. $500 ; 65 stores, cap. $209,830 ; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 1 pottery, 1 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 5 flouring m., 9 grist m., 45 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in man- ufac. $268,010; 3 acad. 203 students, 29 sch. 2,579 scholars. Pop. 9,125. LocKPORT, p-v., Erie co.. Pa., 260 n. w. by w. Harrisburg, 333 W. LocKPORT, p-v., Williams co., O., 170 n. w. Columbus, 501 W. Situated on the w. side of Tiffins r. LocKPORT, p-v., Wilson co., Tenn., 40 e. by N. Nashville, 655 W. Situated on the s. bank of Cumberland r. LocKPORT, p-v., Carroll co., la., 80 n. n. w. Indianapolis, 622 W. Situated on the n. side of Wabash r. LocKPORT, p-v.. Will CO., 111., 170 n. e. by n. Springfield, 747 W. Situated on the IlUnois and Michigan canal, at the termination of the lake level, 34i ms. from Chicago, where the canal has a fall, by 2 locks of 10 feet each, affording an ex- tensive water power, by the surplus water of tlie canal from Lake Michigan. The Des Plaines r. has a fall in the vicinity of 15 feet. The facili- ties for manufacturing are very great. LocKRiDE, p-o., Jefferson co., Iowa. Lock's Village, p-v., Franklin co., Mass., 79 w. by N. Boston, 402 W. LocKwooD, p-v., Byram t., Sussex co., N. J., 62 N. Trenton, 232 W. Situated on Lubber run. Locust Creek, p-o., Louisa co., Va., 33 n. w. Richmond, 97 W. LocasT Creek, I., Linn co.. Mo. Pop. 694. Locust Dale, p-o., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 205 w. Harrisburg, 225 W. Locust Dale, p-o., Madi.son co., Va., 92 n. w. Richmond, 94 W. Locust Forest, p-o., Butler co., Ky., 151 s. w. Frankfort, 683 W. Locust Fork, p-o., Blount co., Ala., 85 n. e. Tuscaloosa, 749 W. Locust Grove, p-o.. Orange co., Va., 82 n. w. Richmond, 76 W. Locust Grove, p-o., Burke co., N. C, 217 w. Raleigh, 447 W. Locust Grove, p-o., Henry co., Ga., 65 w. n. w. Milledgeville, 670 W. Locust Grove, p-o., Calloway co., Ky. Locust Grove, p-o.. Weakly co., Tenn., 132 w. Nashville, 818 W. Locust Grove, p-o., Adams co., O.. 90 s. by w. Columbus, 427 W. Locust Lane, p-o., Fayette co., Va., 253 w. Richmond, 290 W. Locust Hill, p-o., Wa.shingtort co.. Pa., 214 w. Harrisburg, 241 W. Locust Mills, p-o.. Bracken co., Ky., 79 N. E. Frankfort, 493 W^ Locust Mount, p-o., Accomack co., Va. Locust Mount, p-o., Wasliington co., Tenn., 279 E. Nashville, 419 W. LOG 353 LON Locust Post, p-o., Union co., Ky., 231 w. s. w. Frankfort, 75G W. Locust Shade, n-o., Overton co., Tenn., 104 E. Nashville, 617 W. Locust Tree, p-o., Niagara co., N. Y., 281 w. by N. Albany, 39y W. LocusTviLLE, p-o., Accomack co., Va. Loin, p-t., Seneca co., N. Y., 185 w. Albany, 318 W. The surface is rolling; soil, clay loam. Seneca lake bounds it on the w., into wliich some of its streams flow ; others flow e. into Cayuga lake. The v. is elevated, and contains 1 church, 4 stores, 50 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $23,500 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $3i),200. 15 sch. 670 scholars. Pop. 2,236. LoDi, v., Cattaraugus co., N. Y. (See Persia.) LoDi. t., Bergen co., N. J., 5 s. w. Hackensack. The surface is level. Hackensack r. runs on its E. and s. E. border ; Passaic r. on its w. and s. w. border. Along the Passaic are many hand- some country seats. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 1 dyeing and printing establishment, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $70,000. 2 ,sch. 52 scholars. Pop. 687. LoDi, p-v., Harrisville t., Medina co., O., 114 N. E. Columbus, 359 W. It contains 2 stores, 1 flouring m., 15 dwellings, and about 100 inhabit- ants. LoDi, T„, Athens co. O. Situated on Shade r. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,100. 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 754. LoDi, p-t., Washtenaw co., Mich., 43 vv. De- troit, 520 W. The soil is fertile, adapted lo grain. Pop. 1,077. LoDi, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 74 w. Colum- bia, 520 W. LoDi, p-o., Coweta co., Ga., 114 w. by n. Mil- ledgeville, 718 W. LoDi, p-v., Jackson co., Tenn., 99 e. n. e. Nashville, 633 W. LoFTO.\',s Store, p-o., Butts cc, Ga., 50 w. Milledgeville, 658 W. Logan, county, Va. Situated in the western pq;-t of the state, and contains 2,930 sq. ms. The surface is uneven and broken. Drained by Guyandotte and Coal rs. Capital, Logan. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,431, sheep 2,454, swine 10,300; wheat 7,138 bush, produced, Ind. corn 870,930, oats 2S,404, potatoes 10,852, tobac- co 9,263 pounds, .sugar 5,946 ; 5 stores, capital $28,000 ; 7 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 52 grist m., 4 saw m., 19 sch. 370 scholars. Pop. whites 4,159, slaves 150; total, 4,309. Logan, county, Ky. Situated in the s. toward the w. part of tiie state, and contains 600 sq. ms. The surface is a table land. Watered by tribu- taries of Green and Cumberland rivers. Capital, Kusselville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,019, sheep 4,824, swine 11,878; wheat 40,375 bush, produced, rye 1,197, Ind. corn 205,440, oats 65,510, potatoes 4,438, tobacco 393,597 pounds, cotton 24,597; 8 stores, cap. $32,800; 2 woolJen fac, 13 cotton fac. 180 sp., 1 tannery, 6 distiller- ies, 2 potteries, 4 flouring m., 1 1 grist m.. 7 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $27,435. 4 acad. 146 students, 15 sch. 389 scholars. Pop. whites 8,479, slaves 4,826, free col'd 310; total, 13,615. Logan, county, C). Situated a little n. e. of the centre of the state, and contains 425 sq. ms. Watered by Miami r. and its branches. The sur- face is pretty level ; soil, fertile. Organized in 1818. Capital, Belleibntaine. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,379, sheep 7,538, swine 9,353; wheat 34,154 bush, produced, rye 2,466, Ind. corn 45 252,235, buckwheat 1,544, oats 70,135, potatoes 9,983, sugar 24,305 pounds; 17 stores, capital .$28,700 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 2 flouring m., 1 1 grist m., 13 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $27,300. 59 sch. 1,806 scholars. Pop. 14,015. Logan, county. 111. Situated near the centre of the state, and contains 529 sq. ms. Drained by Sugar cr. and other branches of Sangamon r. Capital, Postville. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 5,272, sheep 3,661, swine 16,604 ; wheat 12,429 bush, produced, Indian corn 234,490, oats 22,239, potatoes 6,920; 5 stores, cap. $13,200; 6 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,900. 7 sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 2,333. Logan, t., Clinton co., Pa., 20 n. e. Bellefon- taine. The surface is mountainous ; soil, in the valleys, calcareous loam. Drained by Big Fish- ing cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 tannery, 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,750. 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 1,187. Logan, p-o., Hector t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 181 w. Albany, 314 W. Logan, p-v.. Falls t., capital of Hocking co., O., 47 s. E. Columbus, 365 W. Situated on the n. bank of Hockhocking r., 1 mile below the great falls, and contains a court house, jail, 3 stores, I flouring m., 1 carding machine, and 1 tannery. Logan, p-t., Dearborn co., la., 87 s. e. Indian- apolis, 528 W. It has 6 stores, cap. $14,400; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 6 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $26,800. 5 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 1,398. Logan, p-v., Carter co., Ky., 15 s. Catlctfs- burg. Logan, C. IL, p-v., and capital of Logan co., Va., 351 w. Richmond, 3S8 W. Situated on the E. side of Guyandotte river. It contains a court house, and several stores and dwellings. Logan, t., Wayne co., Mo. It has 5 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 605. Logan's Mills, p-o., Clinton co.. Pa. LoGANSPORT, p-v., Capital of Cass co., la., 72 N. Indianapolis, 610 W. Situated on Wabash r., at the junction of Eel r., at the head of steamboat navigation on the Waba.sh, and at the junction of the Wabash and Erie canal. It contains a court house, jail, 6 churches— 1 Baptist, 1 Catho- lic, I Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 2 Presbyterian — 1 academy, 12 stores, 400 dwellings, and 1,500 in- habitants. There are 2 fine bridges here, 1 cross- ing the Wabash, and the other across Eel r. LoGANviLLE. p-v., York CO., Pa., 31 s. Harris- burg, 83 W. Loganville, p-v., Miami t., Logan co., O., 73 N. w. Columbus, 465 W. Situated on the e. bank of 3Iianii r., and contains 1 store and about 20 dwellings. Loggy Bayou, p-o., Natchitoches par., La. Lo.MBARDY, p-o., Columbia co., Ga., 66 e. n. e. Milledgeville. LoMBARDV Grove, p-o., Mecklenburg co., Va., 97 s. w. Richmond, 213 W. LoNACONiNG, p-o., Alleghany co., Md., 184 N. w. by w. Annapolis, 152 W. London, p-v., Union t., capital of Madison co., O., 27 w. by s. Coliunbu.% 420 W. It contains a brick court house, a jail, county oflices, several stores, about 80 dwellings, and 500 inhabitants. London, p-v., capital of Laurel co., Ky., 94 s. w. Frankfort, 544 W. Situated on a branch of Laurel r., a tributary of Cumberland r., and con- tains a court house and several dwellings. London, p-t., Monroe co., 31ich., 45 s. w. De- troit, 502 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,000. 4 sch. 78 scholars. Pop. 425. LON 354 LON London Bridge, p-v., Princess Ann cc, Va., 124 s. E. Richmond, 248 W. London Britain, t., Cliester co., Pa., 35 s. w. Pliiladelphia. The surface is gently uneven ; soil, sandy loam. Watered by White Clay cr., which affords water power. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,800 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,700. 2 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 641. Londonderry, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 34 s. s. E. Concord, 454 W. The soil is fertile. Watered by Beaver r., issuing from ponds in tlie t., and flowing into Merriniac r., which touches its n. w. corner. It has an academy, with a fund of $14,000. Originally settled from the n. of Ire- land, in 1719. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,300; G grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,300. 11 sch. 527 scholars. Pop. 1,556. Londonderry, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 96 s. Montpelier, 444 W. Watered by West r., Win- hall r., and Utly brook, which afford water pow- er. It contains a Congregational ist and a Baptist church. Chartered in 1760. It has 3 stores, cap. $8,585 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,030. 13 sch. 409 scholars. Pop. 1,216. Londonderry, t., Chester co., Pa., 35 s. w. Philadelphia. The siu-face is level ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by l)oe riui, a tributary of the Brandywine, and by the sources of Elk and White Clay crs. It has 2 churches. There are in the t. 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,025. 4 sch. 98 scholars. Pop. 608. Londonderry, t., Bedford co.. Pa. The sur- face is mountainous ; soil, slate. Drained by Will's cr., which flows into the Potomac. It has 1 store, cap. $3,500; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly paper, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,150. 1 acad. 26 students, 1 sch. 38 scholars. Pop. 809. Londonderry, t., Dauphin co.. Pa., 14 s. e. Harrisburg. The surface is moderately hilly ; soil, calcareous loam and gravel. Drained by Spring cr., which aflords water power, and by Conewago cr. It contains a Lutheran church. It has 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 7 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,125. 1 sch. 14 scholars. Pop. 1,990. Londonderry, t., Lebanon co.. Pa., 8 s. w. Lebanon. The surface is hilly on the n. and s., level in the middle ; soil, calcareous loam and gravel. Swatara creek runs on its n. boundary. Watered by Conewago cr., Quitapahilla cr., and KUnger's run. It has 6 stores, cap. $16,100; 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,225. 5 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. 1,762. Londonderry, p t., Guernsey co., O., 95 e. Columbus, 303 W. Named from Londonderry, in Ireland, whence some of its inhabiuints ori;?i- nally came. It has 7 sch. 164 scholars. Pop. 1,606. London Grove, p-t., Chester co., Pa., 34 s. w. Philadelphia, 71 e. by s. Harrisburg, 105 W. The surface is roUiug ; soil, calcareous loam. Drained by White Clay cr. and its branches. It has 4 stores, cap. .$29,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 cot- ton fac. 336 sp., 3 tanneries, 1 pottery, 4 flouring m., 4 saw m., 16 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $23,295. 3 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 1,246. Lone Jack, p-o., Jackson co.. Mo., 128 w. by N. Jefferson City, 1,0.54 W. Lonesome House, p-o., Floyd co., Ga., 173 n. w. JWilledgeville, 1,054 W. LoNG-A-coMiNG, p-v., Gloucester and Water- ford t., Gloucester co., N. J., 44 s. s. w. Trenton, 154 W. It contains a Methodist church, 2 stores, and about 30 dwellings. Long Bottom, p-o., Olive t., Meigs co., O., 105 s. E. Columbus, 323 W. Long Branch, p-v., Shrewsbury t., Monmouth CO., N. J., 30 s. New York, 50 e. Trenton, 215 W. Situated on a long peninsular beach on the Atlantic, and is much frequented for sea air and bathing. It has several fine boarding houses, 20 rods from the shore, with beautiful lawns before them. Fine opportunities are here enjoyed for fishing and gunning, and it has generally much fashionable company in the summer season. Long Branch, p-o., Franklin co., Va., 209 w. by s. Richmond, 286 W. Long Branch, p-o., Monroe co., Mo., 62 n. Jefferson City, 937 W. Long Cane, p-o., Troup co., Ga., 131 w. Mil- ledgeville, 749 W. Long Creek, p-o., Louisa co., Va., 45 n. w. Richmond, 94 W. Long Creek, p-o.. New Hanover co., N. C, 139 s. s. E. Raleigh, 369 W. Long Creek, p-o., Jefferson co., Tenn., 220 e. Nashville, 476 W. Long Creek Shoals, p-v., Lincoln co., N. C, 185 w. by s. Raleigh, 422 W. Long Falls Creek, p-o., Davies co., Ky., 181 w. s. w. Frankfort, 708 W. Long Glade, p-o., Augusta co., Va., 123 w. n. w. Richmond, 163 W. Long Green Academy, p-o., Baltimore co., Md., 52 N. Annapolis, 62 W. Long Hill, p-o., Morris co., N. J., 51 n. Tren- ton, 221 W. Long Island, N. Y. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 1,500 sq. ms., lying be- tween the Atlantic, on the s., and Long Island sound, on the n. It contains 3 counties — Kings, on the w. end, Queens, in the middle, and Suf- folk, on the e. end of the island. A chain of hills runs from w. to e., on the n. of which the surface is somewhat hilly and broken ; on the s. it is level. The n. shore is somewhat bold ; on the s. it is a beach of sand and gravel, enclo.sing bays, with various inlets, admitting vessels of 60 or 70 tons, and abounding viith fine shell and other fish. At the e. end is Gardiner's bay and island, and Montauk point, a bold promontory, on which is a light-house. The n. shore has several light-houses. Long Island Sound, a large body of water extending the entire length of Long Island, and separates it from Ct. It communicates with tlie Atlantic on the e. by a rapid strait, and w. by East r. and New York bay. Its breadth is from 2 to 20 ms., and its lengtli 1 10. Long Lake, t., Hamilton co., N. Y., 35 n. Lake Pleasant. It is a large t., with a rough and un- even surface, not generally fertile, abounding with lakes and streams, and mostly a wilderness. It has 1 saw in. Cap. in manufac. $450. 1 sch. 19 scholars. Pop. 59. Long Level, p-o., Cabell co., Va., 340 w. by N. Richmond, 377 W. Long Lick, p-o., Scott co., Ky., 29 n. e. Frank- fort, 540 W. Long Marsh, p-o.. Queen Anne co., Md., 46 E. Annapolis, 56 W. Long Meadow, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 95 w. s. w. Boston, 359 W. The surface is level on the w., and the soil generally fertile. Connecti- cut r. runs on its w. boundary. The v. is built on one wide and level street, parallel to the r., and 1 mile from it, and contains a Congregational church. There are in the e. part of the t. another i Congregational and a Baptist church. The t has 3 LOR 355 LOU stores, eap. $3,500 ; 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 3 saw ill. Cap. in manufac. $6,350. 7 sch. 291 scliol- ars. Pop. 1,270. Long Meadow, p-c, Page co., Va., 130 n. vv. Riclimond, 103 W. LoNGMiRE, p-0., Washington co., Tenn.. 297 e. Nashville, 426 W. Longmire's Store, p-o., Edgefield dist., S.C., 74 w. Columbia, 552 W. Long Old Fields, po.. Prince George co., Md., 31 w. Annapolis, 9 W. Long Plain, p-o., l?ristol co., Mass., 50 s. Bos- ton, 437 W. Long Ron, p-o., Jefferson co., Ky ., 36 w. Frank- fort, 578 W. Long Savannah, p-o., Hamilton co., Tenn., .139 s. E. Nashville, 586 W. Long's Bridge, p-o., Hancock co., Ga., 36 n. E. iMilledgeville, 661 W. Long's Mills, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 62 w. Raleigh, 313 W. Long Street, p-o., Moore co., N. C, 43 s. w. Raleigh, 331 W. Long Street, p-o., Lancaster dist., S. C, 68 N. N. w. Columbia, 462 W. Long Swamp, p-t., Berks co.. Pa., 72 e. by n. Harrisburg, 165 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, calcareous loam and gravel. Watered by Little Lehigh r. The v. contains 1 church, common to Lutherans and Presbyterians, and 1 store. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $3,400 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 2 powder m., 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Capital in manufac. $13,400. Pop. 1,836. Long View, p-o., Morgan co., Tenn. Long WOOD, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 97 w. n. w. Richmond, 133 W. It has several dwelluigs, and 35 inhabitants. LoNGwooD, p-o.. Union co., Ky., 226 w. s. w. Frankfort, 753 W. LoNGWooD, p-o., Pettis CO., Mo., 94 w. Jeffer- son City, 1,010 W. LoNGwooD, p-o., Fayette co., la. Longsdale, p-o.. Providence co., R. L, 10 w. Providence, 410 W. Lookout Valley, p-o., Hamilton co., Tenn., 135 s. E. Nashville, 616 W. Look's Corners, p-o., Lapeer co., Mich., 48 N. Detroit, 573 W. Lorain, county, O. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 550 sq. ms. Watered by the 2 branches of Black r., and by Beaver creek, which afford water power. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain and to grass. Organized in 1824. Capital, Elyria. There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,931, sheep 19,377, swine 18,641 ; wheat 131,474 bush, produced, rye 3,792, Indian corn 243,034, buckwheat 3,869, oats 80,291, potatoes 109,577, sugar 323,0 14 pounds ; 1 commission house, cap. $50,000 ; 28 stores, cap. $102,250 ; 4 lumber yards, cap. $58,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 8 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 14 grist m., 54 saw m., 3 printing offices, 1 bindery, 3 weekly and 1 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $105,060. 1 college, 498 students, 2 acad. 135 students, 97 sch. 3,123 scholars. Pop. 18,467. Lorain, t., Shelby co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,550 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,250. 2 sch. 55 scholars. Pop. 904. Lorain, p-o., Iroquois co., 111., 205 n. e. Spring- field, 707 W. Loraine, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 15 s. Wa- tertown, 157 n. w. Albany, 408 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay and sandy loam. Drained by Sandy cr. and its tributaries. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000 J 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,500. 8 sch. 265 scholars. Pop 1,699. ^ Lorance, t., Cape Girardeau co.. Mo. Pod. 1,543. ^ LoRENTz's Store, Lewis co., Va., 292 n. w. by w. Richmond, 260 W. LoRETTo, p-v., Alleghany t., Cambria co.. Pa. 145 w. by N. Harrisburg, 188 W. Situated on Alleghany mountain, and contains 1 store, 15 or 20 dwellings, and about 100 mhabitants. LoRETTO, p-o., Washington co., Ky., 67 n. w. Frankfort, 593 W. LoRETTo, p-o., Essex CO., Va., 62 n. e. Rich- mond, 90 W. Lo.ss Creek, p-o., Crawford co., O., 70 n. Co- lumbus, 414 W. Lost Creek, p-o., Harrison co., Va., 269 n. w. Richmond, 237 W. Lost Creek, p-o., Campbell co.. Term., 201 E. by N. Nashville, 493 W. Lost Creek, p-t., Miami co., O., 63 w. Colum- bus, 457 W. It has 1 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,000. 5 sch. 261 scholars. Pop. 1,306. Lost Creek, p-o., Lincoln co.. Mo., 102 n. e. Jefferson City, 875 W. Lost River, p-o., Hardy co., Va., 173 n. w. Richmond, 123 W. Lotts, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 47 w. Colum- bia, 545 W. Lottsburg, p-o., Northumberland co., Va., 93 e. n. e. Richmond, 152 W. Lottsville, p-v., Warren co.. Pa., 233 n. w. Harrisburg, 325 W. Situated on the w. bank of Little Broken Straw cr. It contains a store, some mills, and several dwellings. LouDON, county, Va. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 460 sq. ms. It has several ridges of mountains, with intervening valleys. Watered by Kittoctan and (joosc crs., and their tributaries, which afford good water power. The Potomac r. runs on its n. e. border. The soil is various, from a rich alluvion to an unproductive clay, some of it well, and some poorly cultivated. Capital, Leesburg. There were in lrt40, neat cattle 25,620, sheep 31,503, swine 33,841 ; wheat 573,460 bush, produced, rye 81,517, Ind. corn 891,695, buckwheat 6,84.5, bar- ley 1,472, oats 224,706, potatoes 53,217, tobacco 1,725 pounds; 79 stores, cap. $274,570; 4 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 11 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 55 flouring m., 69 grist m., 31 saw m., 2 printing of- fices, {^ap. in manufac. $196,282. 6 acad. 266 students, 33 sch. ],00S scholars. Pop. whites 13,840, slaves 5,273, free colored 1,318; total, 20,431. Loudon, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 8 N. n. e. Concord, 489 W. Watered by Soucook river, which affords water power. Chartered in 1773 The land on the streams is fertile. It has 3 stores, capital .$4,400; 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 pot- tery, 3 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manu- fac. $6,190. 10 sch. 495 scholars. Pop. 1,610. Loudon, p-b., Peters t., Franklin co.. Pa., 59 w. s. w. Harrisburg, 103 W. Situated on the w. .side of the w. branch of Connecocheague cr. Loudo.n, p-t., Seneca co., O., 88 n. Columbus, 433 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,300 ; 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $873. 3sch.94schors. Pop. 763. Loudon, t., Carroll co., O. Pop. 960. Loudon, t., Monroe co., Mich. It has 1 tanne- ry, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,000. 4 sch. 78 scholars. Pop. 425. Loudon Centre, p-o., Loudon t., Merrimac CO., N. H., 14 N. n. e. Concord, 495 W. Loudon Ridge, p-o., Loudon t., Merrimac co,, N. H., 15 N. N. E. Concord, 596 W. LOU 356 LOU LouDONViLLE, p-v., Hanover t., Kichland co., O., 73 N. N. E. Columbus, 363 W. Situated on the Black fork of Mohiccan cr., and conlaLns 4 stores, and about 150 inhabitants. LouDsviLLE, p-v., Habersham co., Ga., 159 n. Milledgeville, 615 W. Situated near the source of Chestatee r., in the gold region. Louisa, county, Va. Situated centrally in the E. part of the state, and contains 570 sq. miles. Watered by North and South Anna rs., and their branches. Capital, Louisa C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,726, sheep 12,711, swine 20,133 ; wheat 220,748 bush, produced, rye 899, buckwheat 43, oats 153,131, potatoes 15,325, to- bacco 2,430,764 pounds, cotton 19,129; value of gold produced, $3,000 ; 30 stores, cap. $111,152; 11 tanneries, 3 flouring m., 25 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $69,610. 39 sch. 591 scholars. Pop. whites 6,047, slaves 9,010, fi-ee colored 376; total, 15,433. Louisa, county, Iowa. Situated toward the s. E. part of the ter., and contains 442 sq. ms. Mis- sissippi r. runs on its E. border. Drained by Iowa r. and its tributaries, which afford water power. The soil is very fertile, particularly on the rivers. Capital, Wappello. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 2,060, sheep 620, swine 6,S13 ; wheat 10,553 bush, produced, Ind. corn 82,625, oats 15,725, po- tatoes 6,135 ; 3 saw m. Pop. 1,927. Louis.\, p-v., capital of Lawrence co., Ky., 153 E. Frankfort, 436 W. Situated on the w. side of Big Sandy river, and contains a court house and several dwellings. Louisa, C. H., p-v., capital of Louisa co., Va., 60 N. w. Richmond, 103 W. It contains a court house, and a few dwellings. LouisDURG, p-v., capital of Franklin co, N. C, 36 N. E. Raleigh, 262 W. Situated on n. side of Tar r. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churches, 10 stores, and about 500 inhabitants. LOUISIANA. Louisiana, the southernmost of the southern United States, is bounded n. by Arkansas and Mis- sissippi; E. by Mississippi, from which it is separated by the Mississippi river, to the 31° N. lat., thence e. on that parallel to Pearl river, and down that river to its mouth ; E. and s. by the Gulf of Mexico ; and w. by Texas, from which it is separated by the Sabine river to 32° N. lat., and ihence due N. to lat. 33° n., the s. boundary of Arkansas. It is 240 miles long from n. to s., and 210 broad from E. to w., containing 45,350 square miles, or 29,024,000 acres. The population in 1810, was 76,556 ; in 1820, 153,407; in 1830, 215,575 ; in 1840, 352,411, of which 168,452 were slaves. Of the free population 89,747 were white males; 63,710 do. females; 11,526 colored males; 13,976 do. females. Employed in agriculture, 79,289 ; in commerce, 8,549 ; in manufactures and trades, 7,565 ; navigating the ocean, 1,322 ; canals, lakes, &c., 662 ; learned professions, 1,018. This state is divided into 38 parishes, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, were as follows : Eastern District — Ascension, 6,951, Donaldsonville ; Assumption, 7,141, Napo- leonville ; Bato.\ Rouge, e., 8,133, Baton Rouge ; Baton Rouge, w., 4,638, w. Baton Rouge C. H. ; Carroll, 4,237, Providence; Concordia, 9,414, Vidalia; Feliciana, e., 11,893, Clinton; Feli- ciana, w., 10,910, St. Francisville ; Iberville, 8,495, Plaquemine ; .Iefferson, 10,470, La Fayette ; Lafourche Interior, 7,303, Thibodeauxville ; Livingston 2,315, Springfield ; Madison, 5,142, Richmond; Orleans, 102,193, New Orleans ; PLAauEMiNE, 5,060, Fort Jackson ; Point Coupee, 7,898, Point Coupee ; St. Bernard, 3,237, St. Bernard C. H. ; St. Charles, 4,700, St. Charles C. H. ; St. Helena, 3,525, Greensburg ; St. James, 8,548, Bringiers ; St. John Baptist, 5,776, Bonnet Carre; St. Tammany, 4,598, Covington; Terre Bo.nne, 4,410, Houma; Washington, 2,649, Franklinton. Western District — Avoyelles, 6,616, Marksville; Caddo, 5,282, Shreveport; Calcasieu, 2,057, Lisbon ; Caldwell, 2,017, Columbia ; Catahoola, 4,955, Harrisonburg ; Clai- borne, 6,185, Overton ; La Fayette, 7,841, Vermilionville ; Natchitoches, 14,350, Natchitoches ; Rapides, 14,132, Alexandria ; St. Landry, 15,233, Opelousas ; St. Martin's, 8,676, St. Martins- ville ; St. Mary's, 8,950, Franklin ; Union, 1,838, Farmersville ; Washita, 4,640, Monroe. New Orleans is the seat of government, on the N. bank of the Mississippi river, 105 miles from its entrance into the Gulf of Mexico. Below the mouth of the Red river the Mis.sissippi divides into several branches, or outlets, which diverging from each other, slowly wind their way to the Gulf of Mexico, and divide the south- western part of the state into a number of large islands. The western of these outlets is the Atcha- falaya, which leaves the main stream 3 miles below the mouth of Red river, and, inclining east- ward, flows into Alchafalaya bay in the Gulf of Mexico. About 128 miles below the Atchafalaya, is the outlet of Plaquemine, the main stream of which unites with the Atchafalaya ; but other por- tions of it intersect the country in diflferent directions. Thirty-one miles below the Plaquemine, and 81 above New Orleans, is the outlet of Lafourche, which communicates with the Gulf of Mexi- co by two mouths. Below the Lafourche, numerous other smaller streams branch olf from the river at various points. On the east side of the Mississippi the principal outlet is the Iberville, which communicates with the Gulf of 3Iexico through lakes Maurepas, Pontchartrain, and Borgne. The whole territory between the Atchafalaya on the west, and the Iberville, &c., on the east, is called the Delta of the ^Mississippi, from its resemblance in shape to the Greek letter of that name. A large extent of country in this state is annually overflowed by the Mississippi. From lat. 32° to 31°, the average width of the land inundated is 20 miles ; from lat. 31° to the outlet of La/burche, a little above lat. 30°, the width is 40 miles. Below the Lafourche, the country generally is over- LOU 357 LOU flowed. The lands thus overflowed, including those on the Red river, amount to 10,890 sq. miles ; though tlie inundation is not complete, but consists of innumerable canals and lakes, which are m- terspersed everywhere. The country actually submerged would not, probably, exceed 4,000 sq. miles. More earth is deposited by the Mississippi in its overflow on its immediate margin than further back ; and, consequently, the land is higher adjoining the river than it is in the rear of its banks. This alluvial margin, of a breadth from 400 yards to a mile and a half, is a rich soil, and to prevent the river from inundating the valuable tract in the rear, and which could not be drained, an artificial embankment is raised on the margin of the river, called the Levee. On the east side of the river, this embankment commences 60 miles above New Orleans, and extends down the river for more than 130 miles. On the west shore, it commences at Point Coupee, 172 miles above New Orleans. Along this portion of the river, its sides present many beautiful and finely cultiva- ted plantations, and a continued succession of pleasant residences. The southwestern part of the state consists of swamps, on the margin of the Gulf, but of prairies further inland, some parts of which are barren, but others fertile, and containing flourishing settlements. Tliis country is eleva- ted not more than from 10 to 50 feet above high tide. The country between the Mississippi, Iber- ville, and Pearl rivers, ui its southern parts, is generally level, and liighly productive in cotton, sugar, rice, corn, and indigo. The northern part has an undulating surface, and has a heavy natu- ral growth of white, red, and yellow oak, hickory, black walnut, sassafras, magnolia, and poplar. In the northwestern part, the Red river, after entering the state by a single channel, and flowing about 30 miles, spreads out into a number of cliannels, ibrming many lakes, and islands, and swamps, over a space of 50 miles long and 6 broad. The bottoms on the river are from 1 to 10 miles wide, and are very fertile. The timber on them is willow, Cottonwood, honey locu.st, pawpaw, and buckeye ; on the ricli uplands, elm, ash, hickory, mulberry, black walnut, with a profusion of grape vines. On the less fertile and sandy uplands of the state are white, pitch, and yellow pines, and various kinds of oak. The staple productions of the state are cotton, sugar, and rice. In 1840 there were in the state, 99,8S8 horses and mules ; 381,248 neat cattle ; 98,072 sheep; 323,220 .swine ; poultry to the value of $283,559. There were produced 60 bushels of wheat ; 107,353 of oats ; 1,812 of rye ; 5,952,912 of Indian corn; 834,341 of potatoes; 24,651 tons of hay; 49,283 pounds of wool; 1,012 of wax; 119,824 of tobacco ; 3,604,534 of rice ; 152,555,368 of cotton ; 119,947,720 of sugar. The products of the dairy were valued at $153,069; of the orchard at $11,769; of lumber at $66,106. There were made 2,884 of gallons of wine ; and 2,233 barrels of tar, pitch, &c. New Orleans is the place where the trade of the vast Mississippi valley centres, and its com- merce is extensive. The winters in this state are mild ; though more severe than in the same latitude on the Atlantic coast. The summers in the v\et and marshy parts are unhealthy. New Orleans has frequently been visited by the yellow fever. But a considerable portion of the state is healthy. The Mississippi divides this state from tlie state of Mississippi for a considerable distance, and in its lower parts runs wholly in this state, where it enters the Gulf of Mexico by several passes. It is navigable for vessels of any size. The Red river runs through the state in a s. E. direction, and discharges a vast amount of water into the Mississippi, 240 miles above New Orleans. The Washita rims in a s. direction in the n. part of the state, and enters Red river, a little above its entrance into the Mississippi. Bayou Lafourche and Atchafalaya are large outlets of the Mississippi. The other rivers are the Black, Tensaw, Sabine, Calcasieu, Mermentau, Vermilion, Teche, Pearl, Amite, and Iberville. The largest lakes are Pontchartrain, Maurepas, Borgne, Chetimaches, Mermentau, Calcasieu and Sabine. The exports of this state in 1840. amounted to $34,236,936; and the imports to $10,673,190. There were 24 commercial, and 381 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $16,770,000 ; and 2,465 retail drygoods and otiier stores, with a capital of $14,301,024 ; 597 persons were employed in the lumber trade, with a capital of $260,045 ; 3 persons employed in internal transportation, with 291 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $144,523. The amount of home-made or family articles manufactured, was $65,190 ; 2 cotton manufactories with 706 spindles, employed 23 persons, producing articles to the amount of $18,900, with a capi- tal of $22,000 ; 6 furnaces produced 1,400 tons of cast iron, and 2 forges produced 1,356 tons of bar iron, employing 145 persons, and a capital of $357,000 ; 25 tanneries employed 88 persons, and a capital of $132,025; 7 other manufactories of leather, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the amount of $103,500, with a capital of $89,550 ; 1 pottery employed 18 persons, producing articles to the amount of $1,000, with a capital of $3,000 ; 5 sugar refineries produced to the amount of $770,000; 101 persons produced confectionery to the amount of $20,000 ; machinery was produced to the amount of $5,000; and hardware and cutlery to tlie amount of $30,000; 51 persons produced carriages and wagons to the amount of $23,350, employing a capital of $15,780 ; mills of various kinds produced articles to the amount of $706,785, employing 972 persons, and a capital of LOU 358 LOU $1,870,795 ; vessels were built to the amount of $30,500 ; 129 persons manufactured furniture to the amount of $2,300, with a capital of $576,050 ; 5 distilleries produced 285,520 gallons, and 1 brewery produced 2,400 gallons, employing 27 persons, and a capital of $110,000 ; 75 persons manu- factured 2,202,200 pounds of soap, 3,500,030 pounds of tallow candles, 4,000 pounds of wax and spermaceti candles, with a capital of $115,500 ; 248 stone or brick houses, and 619 wooden houses, employed 1,484 persons, and cost $2,736,944 ; 35 printing offices, 5 binderies, 11 daily, 21 weekly and 2 semi-weekly newspapers, and 3 periodicals, employed 392 persons, and a capital of $193,700. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures, was $6,430,699. Louisiana College, at Jackson, was founded in 1825 ; Jeflferson College, at Bringiers, was founded in 1831 ; St. Charles College, at Grand Coteau, is under the direction of the Catholics ; Baton Rouge College, at Baton Rouge, was founded in 1838 ; Franklin College at Opelousas, was found- ed in 1839. These institutions had in 1840, 437 students. There were in the state, 52 academies, with 1,995 students ; 179 common and primary schools, with 3,573 scholars, and 4,861 white per- sons over 20 years of age who could neither read nor write. This state was originally settled by Catholics, who are still the most numerous denomination. In 1835, they had 27 ministers. The Methodists, Baptists, Presbyterians, and Episcopalians exist in considerable numbers, and are increasing. At the commencement of 1840, there were 47 banks and branches in this state, with an aggre- gate capital of $41,736,768, and a circulation of $4,345,533. The state debt, at the close of 1840, amounted to $20,585,000. The constitution of this state was formed in 1812. The governor is elected for four years. The people give their votes for governor at the same time that they vote for senators and representa- tives, and the legislature on the succeeding session elect by joint ballot a governor from the two can- didates having the greatest number oi votes of the people. The senators are elected for 4 years, one half being chosen every 2 years. The state is divided into 16 senatorial districts, each of wliich chooses a senator. The representatives are elected for two years, and cannot be less than 25 nor more than 50 in number, and they are apportioned according to the number of electors, an enumeration of which is made every 4 years. The legislature meets annually in January, except in the years of the election of President of the United States, when it meets in November. The judges of the supreme court are appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate, and hold their offices during good behavior. This state has a number of important works of internal improvement. Pontchartrain railroad ex- tends from New Orleans 4i miles to Lake Pontcliartrain, at a cost of $450,000. West Feliciana railroad extends from St. Francisville, 20 miles to Woodville, Mississippi. New Orleans and Car- rollton railroad extends from N. Orleans, 4i miles to La Fayette. Orleans-street railroad, extends from N. Orleans, -ii miles to the bay of St. Johns. The Mexico Gulf railroad, extends from N. Orleans, east to Pascagoula Sound. The Orleans Bank canal extends from N. Orleans, 6 miles to Lake Pontchartrain, and cost $1,009,000. Canal Carondelet extends from N. Orleans, H miles to the Bay of St. Johns. Barataria canal extends from N. Orleans, 85 miles to Berwick bay. Lake Veret canal extends from Lake Veret, 8 miles to Lafourche river. The N. Orleans and Nash- ville railroad extends 80 miles in this state, and if completed, will be 564 miles in length. It is in progress. This country was first explored by the French, and received its name m 1682, from M. La Salle, in honor of Louis XIV, and a settlement was attempted in 1684, 300 miles w. of the Mississippi, but failed. In 1699 M. Iberville made an attempt to plant the country, but lost his life. His effijrts were followed up by one Crozat, a man of wealth, who held the exclusive trade of the country for a number of years. About the year 1717, he transferred his interest in the province to a chartered company, at the head of which was the notorious John Law, whose national bank and Mississippi speculation involved the ruin of half the French nobility. In 1731 the company resigned the con- cern to the crown, who, in 1762, ceded the whole of Louisiana to Spain. In 1800, Spain recon- veyed the province to the French, of whom it was purchased by Ihe United States in 1803, for $15,000,000. This purchase included the territory of the United States w. of the Mississippi. In 1812, the present state of Louisiana formed a constitution, and was admitted into the Union. Louisiana, p-v.. Pike co.. Mo., 83 n. k. Jeffer- son City, 868 W. Situated on the w. bank of Mississippi r., 2 ms. below the entrance of Salt r. Louisville, p-t., St. Lavirrence co., N. Y., 253 N. N. w. Albany, 523 W. The surface is undu- lating; soil, a fertile calcareous loam. Watered by Grass r., and the St. LawTcnce r., which bounds it on the n. w. Several islands in the St. Lawrence belong to it. It has 2 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,000. 11 sch. 391 scholars. Pop. 1,69a Louisville, p-v., Westmoreland co., Va., 64 N. E. Richmond, 111 W. Louisville, p-v., capital of Jefferson co., Ga., 53 E. Milledgeville, 634 W. Situated on Rocky Comfort cr., just above its entrance into the Ogee- chee r. It contains a court house, jail, a church, an academy, 9 stores, and 27 dwellings. The state legislature met here from 1835 to 1837; and here the famous Yazoo Acts were burned by a sun-glass, Feb. 13lh, 1796. The state house has been converted into a court house. Louisville, p-v., Barbour co., Ala., 187 s. LOV 359 LOW E. Tuscaloosa, 836 W. It contains a few dwell- ings. Louisville, p-v., capital of Winston co., Miss., 92 N. E. Jack.son, 918 W. Situated on the head waters of Pearl r. It contains 2 churches, a court house, 2 academies, and 175 inhabitants. Louisville, p-v., Blount co., Tenn., 153 e. by s. Nashville, 436 W. Situated on the s. E. side of Tennessee r. Louisville, city, port of entry, and capital of Jefferson co., Ky., 54 w. Frankfort, 596 W. Sit- uated on the s. side of Ohio r., at the head of the rapids, 38° 8' n. lat., and 85° 26' w. Ion., 120 ms. below Cincinnati. Pop. in 1788, 30 ; in 1800, 600 ; in 1810, 1,357 ; in 1830, 4,012 ; in 1830, 10,336 ; in 1840, 21,210. The Ohio r. is here 1 mile and 25 rods wide, and the ground rises by a gentle slope from the water's edge to an elevation of 70 feet, where is a beautiful plain. Bear-grass cr. enters its .\. part, and forms a good harbor. Incorpo- rated as a city in 1828. It is regularly laid out, with 8 broad and straight streets, parallel wnth the r., crossed by 18 others at right angles, mak- ing the city 3 miles long, and about 1 mile wide. It is generally built of brick, with many large stores and warehouses, and many fine dwellings. It contains a court house, jail, 2 market houses, a museum, a marine ho.spital, an asylum, and sev- eral other humane and benevolent institutions, 4 banks, including a bank for savings, 12 churches — i Presbyterian, 3 3Iethodist, 2 Baptist, 1 Epis- copal, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 African — and sev- eral other places of worship, 375 stores and gro- ceries, several printing offices, issuing 3 daily newspapers, about 2,500 dwellings. It has con- venient landings, and many steamboats are con- tinually in port, or arriving and departing. It has 4 flouring m., producing 400 barrels of flour daily, several large iron foundries, and woollen and other manufactories. The goods and manufac- tured articles sold annually, amount to about $29,000,0(jO. Around the rapids at this place, which are not navigable at low water for large boats, a canal has been constructed, 2i ms. long, with 4 locks, which cost $730,000, overcoming a fall of 22 feet. At the lower end of the canal are the villages of Shipping Port, and Portland. The city government consists of a mayor and 10 aldermen, 2 from each of the 5 wards. The Ohio Bridge Company is constructing a bridge across the Ohio, over the shoals above Corn Island. There were in 1840, 1 commercial and 11 com- mission houses in for. trade, cap. $191,800; 270 retail drygoods and other stores, cap. 82,128,400 ; Slumber yards, cap. $52,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 brew- eries, 1 glass cutting estab., 1 pottery, 2 rope fac, '2 flouring m., 3 saw m., 1 paper fac, 7 printing offices, 2 binderies, 5 daily, 7 weekly, and 3 semi- weekly newspapers, and 1 periodical, 200 brick and stone and 60 wooden houses built, employ- ing 269 persons, at a cost of $260,250. _Total cap- ital employed in manufactures, $713,675. 1 col- lege, 80 students, 10 acad. 269 students, 14 sch. 388 scholars. Louisville, p-v., Stark co., O., 131 n. e. Co- lumbus, 313 W. Louisville, p-v., capital of Clay co.. 111., 112 s. E Springfield, 741 W. Louisville, p-v., Lincoln co.. Mo., 74 n. e. Jefferson City, 882 W. LouTRE Island, p-o., Montgomery co., Mo., 43 E. N. E. Jefferson Chy, 903 W. LouTRE, t., Audrain co.. Mo. Pop. 169. LovEi.ACEviLLE, p-0., McCracken co., Ky., 296 w. s. w. Frankfort, 823 W. LovELADV, p-o., Caldwell co., N. C. 182 w. Raleigh, 419 W. LovELL, p-t., Oxford co.. Me., 63 w. s. w. Au- gusta, 578 W. It contains a large pond, the out- let of which unites with the outlet of another pond on its n. w. border, and enters the Saco r. Incorporated in 1800. 8 small ponds on the bot- ders of the t., connected together, have an outlet, which has a curious fall of 40 feet. It has 1 ful- ling m., 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $150. 10 sch. 410 scholars. Pop. 941. Love's Mills, p-o., Washington co., Va., 285 w. by s. Richmond. LovETTSViLLE, p-v., Loudou CO., Va., 166 n Richmond, 46 W. LovEviLLE, p-v.. New Castle co., Del., 54 n. Dover, 103 W. Lovi.MGSTON, p-v., capital of Nelson co., Va., 105 w. by N. Richmond, 157 W. It contains a court house, jail, and several stores and dwell- ings. LoviNGTON, p-o., Macon co., 111., 61 e. Spring- field, 718 W. Lowell, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me. Incorpora- ted in 1S33. It was formerly called Huntress- ville. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,500. 2 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 205. Lowell, p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 45 n. Montpe- lier, 568 W. Formerly called Kellyvale. Char- tered in 1791. Missisque r. rises in a pond on the s. border of the t., by which, and its branches, it is drained, and which afford water power. The surface is uneven, and the soil productive. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,200 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,600. 6 sch. 149 scholars. Pop. 431. Lowell, city, and ssmi-capital of Middlesex CO., Mass., 25 n. n. w. Boston, 444 W., in the rapidity of its grovith, and the extent of its pop- ulation and manufactures, is a remarkable place, and well deserves the appellation, "the Manches- ter of America." An example of an equally rapid growth has never else been exhibited in the United States. It hes on the s. side of the Mer- rimac, below Pawtucket falls, and at the junction of Concord r. with the Merrimac. In 1820 it constituted a part of Chelmsford, and the present territory of Lowell then contained less than 200 in- habitants, and the valuation of property did not exceed $100,000. In 1826 it was incorporated as a town ; and having received a small addition from Tewksbury, it obtained, in 1836, the charter of a city. The population in 1830 was 6,474 ; in 1840, 20,796, showing an increase in 10 years of 14,322. The assessors' valuation of property in 1810 was $12,400,000. The ^vate^ power at this place is very exten- sive and easily available. It is produced by a canal 60 feet wide, 8 feet deep, and a mile and a half in length, commencing at the head of Paw- tucket falls, and extending to Concord river. By locks at its outlet into Concord r., it forms a boat- able pas.'^age around the falls in the Merrimac. From the main canal, the water is carried by lat- eral canals to mills and manufactories, where it is needed, and is then discharged, either into the Merrimac or the Concord. The entire fall is 30 feet. Before the project was entertained of using this water for hydraulic purposes, a canal existed, made by a corporation created in 1792, for the tran.sportation of '' boats, rafts, and masts around the falls." About the year 1820, this canal was I purchased by a company, who, under the origin- al charter and name of '■ Proprietors of locks and canals on Merrimac river," iu 1822 commenced enlarging and deepening the canal, and putting it in a suitable condition to supply such manufac- tories as might be erected. They ai-e the bottom LOW 360 LOW corporation, or root,of nearly all the manufacturing establishments in Lowell. They own the Paw- tucket canal, which supplies all the water power, and have purchased all the lands adjoining the river on both sides of the falls. The company is landlord ami ffrantor of nearly all the other cor- porations. They have an extensive machine shop, of brick, 3 stories high, and 250 feet long ; an iron foundry, a saw mill, a planing machine, with ample workshops, furnaces, and outbuild- ings. They give constant employment to the most skilful mechanics, who manufacture the machinery for the mills, and cars and locomo- tives for railroads, which are sent to every part of the Union. When a new company is formed, it contracts with the " Proprietor.s of Locks and Canals," for land and for water power, sufli- cieiit to drive the contemplated number of spin- dles ; for which an annual rent is paid. They then contract with the Proprietors to erect the de- sired number of mills, and to fill them with ma- chinery ready for running ; and to erect counting, ware, and boarding houses, sufficient for all op- eratives to be employed in the mills. For the whole, a gross sum is paid ; and the new compa- ny has little concern in the matter, excepting to see that every thing is done according to contract, until the first mill is ready to run. This arrange- ment is found advantageous to both parties. The machine shop can furnish machinery complete for a mill of 5,000 spindles, in 4 months. All the mills, ware, counting, and boarding houses, ex- cepting the boarding houses of the oldest com- pany, are of brick, neatly and substantially built. Eleven incorporated manufacturing companies in lliis city, with an aggregate capital of $10,500,000, are supplied witli water by the Paw- tucket canal, from the original company, above named. The whole numberof mills which belong to the 11 corporations, exclusive of print works, is 32; the number of spindles, 166,044; and 5,183 looms. Females employed, 6,430 ; males, 2,077. Very few children are employed, probably not 200, under 15 years of age. The companies pro- duce 58,263,000 yards of cloth annually. They consume 19,253,000 pounds of cotton, or 53,340 bales a year. Two companies have print works and dye houses, and together produce 13,780,000 yards of dyed and printed cloth annually. The goods manui'actured at Lowell are sheet- ings, flannels, drillings, prints, shirtings, negro- cloth, carpets, rugs, broadcloths, water-proof woollens, and cassimeres. For manulacturing purposes, 200 chaldrons of smiths' coal are consumed in a year ; 11,460 tons of anthracite coal ; 500,000 bushels of charcoal ; 3,510 cords of wood ; 3,000 barrels of flour for starch ; 600,000 pounds of starch ; 65,289 gallons of oil, of which 5,000 gallons are olive oil. Besides the above named companies, there are in the city, the Lowell Bleachery, with a capital of $50,000 ; Whitney Mills, capiuil $100,t)00, for the manufacture of milled blankets ; and exten- sive powder mills, which make superior gunpow- der. There are also various mills and manufac- tories, owned by individuals. New companies and raanufaciories are continually springing up ; and much water power is unimproved. The average wages of i'emale operatives, ex- clusive of board, is 2 dollars a week, but some of them earn double that ; the males, on an aver- age, 80 cents a day, exclusive of board. All the corporations and private companies pay ofl!" their hands once a month, but on different days. The whole amount of wages paid to operatives in each month is $160,000 an an average ; a very consid- erable portion of which is deposited by the re- ceivers in the " Lowell Savings Institution." A railroad from Lowell to Boston, 26 miles, was completed in 1835, which is very thoroughly con- structed. Andover Branch railroad extends from it, 10 miles from the city, and goes to Dover, New Hampshire. The Lowell and Nashua railroad extends 9 ms. to New Hampshire line. The Merrimac canal leaves the Merriraac, 2 miles above Lowell, and proceeds to Boston harbor. Among the literary institutions, the lyceum, for procuring courses of lectures, and for debate, has existed a number of years ; and more recent- ly, the Lowell Institute has been formed, for sim- ilar purposes. But the most remarkable institu- tion is the Mechanics' Association, formed by in- telligent mechanics, and incorporated many years ago. They have a costly brick edifice, called Mechanics' Hall, which has a fine lecture room, in which courses are annually delivered, togeth- er with a handsome library, and an extensive reading room, which is always open, and a fine mhieralogical cabinet. The citizens of Lowell have taken a great in- terest in the cause of education. The whole amount raised in 1840 for schools by taxation was $17,500. Besides this, the city erected an elegant edifice for a high school, which cost $28,000 ; and 2 houses for grammar schools, which cost to- gether $30,000. There are 29 public free schools. There are 6 grammar schools, besides the two above mentioned. About one eighth of the pop- ulation is CathoUc, but tliey have entered, with spirit, uito the business of education. The whole number of pupils in all the schools is over 4,000. Tliere are 2 newspapers in the place, each published tri-weekly ; 2 weekly papers from the same ofllces, and 3 other weekly papers devoted to religion and literature. A magazine, called " the Offering," is issued, consisting of original communications, chiefly by the young ladies in the factories, under the general superintendence of a clergyman, which is very respectable. There are 15 congregations with settled minis- ters, and several others which constantly worship in halls, and the churches are well attended. It is abundantly proved by this splendid model of American manufacturing cities, that this employ- ment has no necessary tendency to depress the intellect, or to corrupt the morals. The Lowell Bank, with a capital of $250,000, was chartered in 1823. The Savings Bank was chartered in 1829, and has its office at the Low- ell Bank. The Railroad Bank was chartered in 1831, with a capital of $800,000, to facilitate the financial affairs of the manufacturing companies, most of which pay their operatives in its bills. The territory of Lowell does not exceed 2 ms. square. The Indian name of it was Wa7nsit, the seat of a tribe of praying Indians, at the break- ing out of Philip's war, in 1765. It was named in honor of Francis C. Lowell, of Boston, distin- guished for his efforts to introduce the cotton man- ufacture into the United States. That a place which, 20 years since, had not a "local habitation, nor a name," should have be- come the second place in population in Massa- chusetts, the fourteenth in the United States, larger than any city s. of the Potomac, excepting Charleston and New Orleans, is proof of what manufactures, properly conducted, can accom- plish. Nor have these manufacturers benefited themselves more than they have promoted the public interest, ('ottons which, 20 years since, would have cost 30 cents a yard, can now be I purchased for 6 cents ; and such establishments I as those at Lowell, have wrought this change. LOW 361 LOW There were in 1840, 191 retail stores, capital $373,300 ; 5 lumber yards, cap. $19,000 ; 1 fur- nace, cap. $3,500 ; 4 fulling m., 8 woollen foe, cap. .S55 1,300 ; 2G cotton fac. 105,000 sp., 3 dye- ing and printing estab., total cap. $8,000,000 ; 3 powder m., cap. 1^150,000 ; 1 paper fac, capital $8,000 ; 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., I saw m., cap. $50,000 ; 2 printing offices, 2 binderies, 3 weeiily, 2 semi-weekly newspapers, and 1 periodical, cap. $10,000. Total c.ip. in manufac. $8,837,460. 7 acad. 1,311 studenis, 28 sch. 4,306 scholars. Lowell, p-o., Washington co., O., 96 e. s. e. Columbus, 312 W. LowELLViLLE, p-v., TrumbuU co., O., 184 .\. E. Columbus, 297 W. Lower, t.. Cape May co., N. J. It is the most southern t. in the .state, bounded s. by the Atlan- tic, and w. by Delaware bay. More than half of it is covered with sea-beach and salt marsh ; soil of the remainder, clay. Drained by Pond, New England, and Cox Hall creeks. Cape May, island and light-house, are in the t. It has 6 stores, cap. $9,100; 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $200. 6 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1,133. Lower Bartlett, p-o., Coos co., N. H., 74 N. N. E. Concord, 560 W. Lower Alloways Creek, t., Salem co., N. J., 9 s. Salem. The surface is level, more than half of which is marsh meadow, extensively em- banked ; soil on the e. a deep clay and loam, well cultivated. Drained by Hope, Deep, and Muddy creeks, which flow into the Delaware. It contains a Methodist and a Friends church. It has 4 stores, cap. $4,800 ; 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,047. Pop. 1,252. Lower Berne, p-o., Berne t., Berks co., Pa., 60 E. Harrisburg, 153 W. Lower Blue Lick, p-o., Nicholas co., Ky., 68 e. by N. Frankfort, 485 W. Lower Chan'ceford, p-t., York co., Pa., 51 s. s. E. Harrisburg, 91 W. Susquehanna r. bounds it on the E., and Muddy cr., a branch of the Susquehanna, on the s. w. and s. Watered by Tom's cr. and Orson's run. McCall's ferry here crosses the Susquehanna. It has 4 stores, cap. $8,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 3 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $21,770. 5 sch. 125 scholars. Population 1,291. Lower Chichester, t., Delaware co., Pa., 20 s. w. Philadelphia. Watered by Hook cr., a branch of Naaman's cr. The surface is level ; soil, loam. It has excellent apple orchards. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,600 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 14,056 sp., 1 tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $90,700. 1 sch. 88 scholars. Pop. 666. Lower Dublin, t., Philadelphia co., Pa. Sur- face, gentle declivities ; soil, sandy loam. Drain- ed by Pennypack cr. and Saw Mill run, which afford water power. It contains 3 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist church. It has 12 stores, cap. $23,100 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $5,000 ; 5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $231,825. 5 acad. 235 students, 3 sch. 73 scholars. Pop. 3,298. Lower Gilmanton, p-o., Gilmanton t., Bel- knap CO., N. H., 18 N. by e. Concord, 499 W. Lower Kinzua, p-o., Warren co., Pa., 217 n. w. Harrisburg, 309. Lower Macungy, t., Lehigh co.. Pa. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam. It has 5 stores, cap. $24,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 6 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil ra. Cap. in manufac. $40,030. Pop. 2,156. Lower Mahanov, t., Northumberland co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $1,200 ; 2 tanneries, 4 distil- 46 leries, 2 potteries, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,325. 4 sch. 107 scholars. Pop. 1,199. Lower Mahantango, p-t., Schuylkill co., Pa., 55 N. E. Harrisburg, 165 W. Crossed by Broad and Sharp's mountains. Its valleys are fertile ; soil, red shale. Watered by Deep and Swatara creeks. Anthracite coal is found. It has 4 stores, cap. ,$10,000; 2 tanneries, 5 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $700. 1 sch. 30 scho- lars. Pop. 1,465. Lower Makefield, t., Bucks co.. Pa., 24 n. E. Philadelphia. The surface is rolling ; soil, clay and sandy loam. Delaware canal runs along its E. boundary. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Can. in manufac. $16,750. 4 sch. 231 scholars. Pop! 1,550. Lower Loutre, t., Montgomery co.. Mo. Pop. 1,307. Lower Marlborough, p-v., Calvert co., 3Id., 41 s. w. Annapolis. Pop. 100. Lower Merion, pt., Montgomery co., Pa., 93 E. Harrisburg, 150 W. Watered by Schuyl- kill r. and Mill and Cobb's creeks. The surface is rolling ; soil, a fertile loam. It has 9 stores, cap. $13,950; 2 lumber yards, cap. $6,500; 2 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 1,532 sp., 7 paper fac, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $117,170. 6 sch. 734 scholars. Pop. 2,827. Lower Middletox, b., Swatara t., Dauphin, CO., Pa. Situated near the junction of Swatara and Susquehanna rivers, and at the union of the Pennsylvania and Union canals. It was incor- porated in 1829, and contains 2 churches, 7 stores, and about 200 dwellings. 4 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 756. Lower Mt. Bethel, t., Northampton co.. Pa. It has 7 stores, cap. $15,500 ; 5 tanneries, 1 pow- der m., 1 flouring m., 8 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $45,360. 5 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 2,957. Lower Nazareth, t., Northampton co.. Pa. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam. Drained by Manookisy cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000; 2 lumber yards, cap. $2,000; 2 sch. 116 scholars. Pop. 1,201. Lower 0.\ford, t., Chester co.. Pa., 41 s. w. Philadelphia. The surface is gently uneven ; soil, loam. Watered by branches of Octarara and Elk creeks. The v., called Oxford, contains 1 Presbyterian church, 2 stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $9,000; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 2,500 sp., 1 tannery, 2 paper fac, 4 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $53,125. 3 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 1,223. Lower Peach Tree, p-o., Wilcox co., Ala., 115 s. Tuscaloosa, 907 W. Lower Paxto.n, t., Dauphin co.. Pa., 6 n. e. Harrisburg. Watered by Beaver and Paxton's creeks. Blue mountain runs on it.s n. border. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 grist m. Cap. in manu- fac. $5,150. 1 sch."45 scholars. Pop. 1,337. Lower Penns Neck, N. J. (See Penns Neck, Lower.) Lower PROvinExcE, t., Montgomery co.. Pa. The surface is hilly ; soil, red shale. Drained by Perkiomen and "Shippack creeks. Lead ore is found on the former. It has 5 stores, cap $21, ,500; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 7 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,646. 4 sch. 268 scholars. Pop. 1,413. Lower Rock Island, p-o.. Rock Island co., m., 165 N. N. w. Springfield, 894 W. Lower Salem, p-o., Salem t., Wasliinglon CO., O., 114 E. s. E. Columbus, 302 W. LOW 362 LOY Lower Salford, t., Montgomery co., Pa., 25 N. w. Philadelphia. Drained by branches of Perkiomen and Sliippack creeks. The surface is rolling; soil, red shale and loam. It has 4 stores, cap. $10,500 ; 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in mannfac. $3,350. 5 sch. 200 schol- ars. Pop. 1,141. Lower Sandusky, p-v., Sandusky t., capital of Sandusky co., O., 105 n. Columbus, 423 W. Situated on the w. bank of Sandusky r., which is navigable to this place for small steamboats. It contains a court house, 2 churches, 10 stores, 2 warehouses, I grist m., and 1 saw m. Fort Stevenson was situated here, where Col. Croghan made a gallant defence, in the last war, against the British and Indians. The remains of it are still seen. Pop. of t. 1,117. Lower Saucon, p-t., Northampton co.. Pa., 99 E. N. E. Harrisburg, 192 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel and calcareous loam. Wa- tered by Lehigh r. and Saucon cr. and its tribu- taries. Two bridges here cross tlie Lehigh. It contains the v. of Hellerstown. It has 5 stores, cap. $18,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 paper iac, 2 flouring m., 7 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $70,200. 7 sch. 350 scholars. Pop. 2,710. Lower St. Clair, t., Alleghany co., Pa. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Monongahela and Ohio rivers bound it on the n. Drained by Chartier's cr. and Saw Mill run. Coal abounds on the bank of the r. It contains the v. of Bir- mingham, opposite to, and 1 mile below Pitts- burg. It has 5 stores, cap. $13,800; 3 furnaces, 1 lumber yard, cap. $5,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 glass fac, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $72,200. 1 acad. 12 students, 12 sch. 600 scholars. Pop. 4,373. Lower Swatara, t., Dauphin co.. Pa., 5 s. e. Harrisburg. Susquehanna r. bounds it on the s. w. The surftice is hilly : soil, calcareous loam and slate. Watered by Spring and other creeks. Harrisburg lies partly in this t. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,900; 4 lumber yards, cap. $31,000; 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $1,900. 2 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 1,258. Lower Smitiifield, t., Monroe co.. Pa. It has 6 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 4 tanneries, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. C'ap. in manufac. $5,500. Pop. 1,192. Lower Three Runs, p-o., Barnwell dist., S. C, 128 s. Columbia, 624 W. Lower Waterford, p-o., Caledonia co., Vt., 53 E. N. E. Montpelier, 543 W. Lower Windsor, t., York co.. Pa. It has 5 stores, cap. $11,100; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 tanne- ry, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $35,015. 7 sch. 150 schol- ars. Pop. 1,687. Lowe's, p-o., Robertson co., Tenn., 22 s. w. Nashville, 706 W. Low Hill, p-t., Lehigh co.. Pa., 88 e. n. e. Harrisburg, 181 W. The surface is hilly; soil, white gravel. It contains a Lutheran church in its s. w. part. It has 4 stores, cap. $7,500; 1 tannery, 5 distilleries, 5 grist m., 4 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 4 sch. 120 schol- ars. Pop. 854. Low's Ferrv, p-o., Natchitoches parish, La., 417 N. w. by w. New Orleans, 1,346 W. Loweville, p-v., Madison co., Ala., 163 n. n. E. Tuscaloosa, 705 W. Situated on the e. side of Flint r. Low Hampton, p-o., Hampton t., Washington CO., N. Y., 78 N. N. E. Albany, 448 W. LowMAN, p-o., Lewis co., Va., 307 w. n. w. Richmond, 276 W. Situated on Hughes' r., a branch of Little Kanawha, which is navigable for small vessels. Great quantities of lumber pass down the r. Lowndes, county, Ga. Situated in the s. part of the slate, and contains 2,080 sq. ms. Watered by Suwannee and Withlacoochee rivers. Capi- tal, Troupsville. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 41,003, sheep 2,458, swine 20,349; wheat 2,383 bush, produced, Ind. corn 130,198, buck- wheat 56,285, oats 1,172, potatoes 25,512, cotton 275,696 pounds ; 5 stores, cap. $40,000 ; ] distil- lery, 9 grist m., 5 saw m. 1 sch. 12 scholars. Pop. whites 4,394, slaves 1,177, free col'd 3: total, 5,574. Lowndes, county, Ala. Situated a little s. of the centre of the state, and contains 1,600 sq. ms. Alabama r. bounds it on the n., by branches of which it is watered. Capital, Haynesville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,750, sheep 801, swine 97,365 ; wheat 1,421 bush, produced, rye 1,736, Ind. corn 162,540, oats 11,113, polaloes 10,353, rice 4,743 pounds, cotton 803,932 ; 30 stores, cap. $129,300 ; 3 tanneries. Cap. hi man- ufac. $4,750. 4 acad. 247 students, 3 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. whites 6,956, slaves 12,569, free col'd 14 ; total, 19,539. Lowndes, county. Miss. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 324 sq. ms. Drained by Tombigbee r. and its branches. Surface un- dulating ; soil, fertile. Capital, Columbus. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,960, sheep 3,669, swine 29,463 ; wheat 13,668 bush, produced, Ind. corn 57.5,140, oats 39,915, potatoes 3,100, cotton 7,153,056 pounds; 20 stores, cap. $190,000; 10 tanneries. 9 grist m., 8 saw m., 17 oil m., 2 print- ing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in man- ufac. $36,600 ; 1 college, 54 students, 2 acad. 75 students, 8 sch. 221 scholars. Pop. whites 5,730, slaves 8,771, free col'd 12 ; total, 14,513. Lowndes, p-o., Wayne co., Mo., 209 s. e. Jeflierson City, 920 W. LowNDESBORouGti, p-v., Lowndes co., Ala., 118 s. E. by s. Tuscaloosa, 858 W. LoWiNDEsviLLE, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 113 w. Columbia, 550 W. Lowrance's Mill, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 166 w. Raleigh, 403 W. Lowther's Run, p-o., Lewis co., Va., 299 w. n. w. Richmond, 267 VV. LowviLLE, p-t., Lewis co., N. Y., 137 n. w. Albany, 436 W. The surface is rolling ; soil very lertile, particularly on Black r., which bounds it on the e. The v. contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an academy, a bank, 7 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 sawm., 100 dwellings, and about 650 inhabitants. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $11,800 ; 1 fulling m., 8 saw m., 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $23,465. 16 sch. 601 scholars. Pop. 2,047. Lloyd's, p-o., Essex co., V^a., 54 N. E. Rich- mond, 98 W. Loyalhannaii, t., Westmoreland co., Pa. It has 8 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1,130. LoYALSocK, t., Lycoming co.. Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 distillery, 1 grist ni., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $39,500. 5 sch. 145 scholars. Pop. 1,107. LoYALsocK, r.. Pa., rises in Bradford co., and falls into the w. branch of Susque'nanna r., 4 ms. below Williamsport. Loydsville, p-v., Belmont co., O., 109 e. Co- lumbus, 284 W. LoYSBURG, p-o., Bedford co.. Pa., 109 w. by s. Harrisburg, 135 W. Loy's Cross Roads, p-o., Anderson co.. Term., 194 e. NashviUe, 500 W. LUM 363 LUR LuBEC, p-t., and port of entry, Washington co., Me., 180 E. N. E. Augusta, 76C W. Situated at the \v. entrance of Passamaquoiidy bay, where is a light-house, on a point of land. It ha.s a good harbor, protected by Grand Menan island. It has a number of bays and entrances, and some islands. The soil is fertile. It has 13 stores, cap. S!3S,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §91,517. 12 sch. 847 scholars. Pop. 2,307. Lucas, county, O. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Maumee r. runs on its s. e. border. Watered by St. Jo- seph's r. and Bear cr. The surface is level ; soil, fertile. Capital, Toledo. There were in J810, neat cattle 11,597, sheep 3,103, swine 18,381 ; wlieat 103,838 bush, produced, rye 5,245, Ind. corn 154,017, buckwheat 13,968. barley 59,922, oats 62,444, potatoes 122,904, sugar 14,061 pounds; 6 commission houses, cap. $26,350; 41 stores, cap. $,^7,115; 1 brewery, 5 grist m., 19 saw m., 3 printing offices. Cap. in manufac. $74,365. 43 sch. 1,151 scholars. Population, 9,3x2. LucAsviLLE, p-t., JefTerson t, Scioto co., O., 78 s. Columbus, 412 W. Lucerne, p-o., Washtenaw co., Mich., 33 w. Detroit, 542 W. LucKsviLLE, p-o.. Hall co., Ga., 124 n. n. w. Milledgeville, 627 W. Lucy's Creek, p-o.. Gasconade co., Mo., 22 E. Jefferson City, 914 W. Ludlow, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 80 s. Montpe- lier, 472 W. Chartered in 1761. The surface is mountainous ; soil adapted to grazing. Watered by Black r., on which is a pleasant v., containing a church, several stores, and 30 or 40 dwellings. The Congregationalists, Baptists, and Methodists have churches in the t. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $10,500 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. §19,260. 1 acad. 130 students, 16 sch. 488 scholars. Pop. 1,363. Ludlow, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 82 w. by s. Boston, 373 W. Watered by Chickapee r., whicli affords water power. Incorporated in 1774. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,000. 10 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 1,26S. Ludlowville, p-v., Lansing t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 172 w. by s. Albany, 305 W. Situated on Salmon cr., where is a fall of nearly 100 feet. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 4 stores, 2 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 cloth- j ier's works, 1 tannery, 90 dwellings, and about 450 inhabitants. Lumber City, p-v., Telfair co., Ga., 138 s. by | E. Milledgeville, 750 W. Lumber, t., Clinton co.. Pa. It lias 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. Pop. 105. LuMBERLAND, p-t., Sullivan CO., N. Y., 129 s. w. Albany, 287 W. The surfice is liilly ; soil, gravelly loam, timbered with oak and pine. Drained by Mongoup r. and otlier branches of Delaware r., which runs on its s. w. border. It has 9 stores, cap. $4,510; 3 grist m., 39 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $69,200. 4 sch. 272 scholars. Pop. 1,205. LuMBERPORT, p-v., HarrisoH co., Va., 261 n. w. Richmond, 221 W. Lumber, r., N. C. and S. C, a n. e. branch of Little Pedee r., which it enters on the boundary between Marion and Horry districts. LuMBERTON, p-v., Clinton co., O., 74 s. w. Co- lumbus, 453 W. Lu.MBERTON, p-v., Capital of Robeson co., N. C, 91 s. by w. Raleigh 379 W. Situated on the E. bank of Lumber r. It contains a court house, jail, and several stores and dwellings. LuMBERviLLE, p v., Solebury t., Bucks co. Pa., 117 E. llarrisburg, 17 J W. "Situated on the w. bank of Delaware r., and contains 2 stores, 1 grist m., and 15 or 16 dwellings. It has consid- erable trade in lumber. Lumpkin, county, Ga. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 700 sq. ms. Drained by Etowali and t'hestatee rivers, and their branches. Surface, iiilly ; soil on the streams, very fertile. It contains the richest gold mines in the country. Capital, Dahlonega. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,602, sheep 2,1 16, swine 14,383; wheat 10,061 bush, produced, rye 777, Ind. corn 214,754, oats 9,924, potatoes 7,813, to- bacco 4,217 pounds, cotton 17,812; 36 stores, cap. $91,500; 91 smelting houses produced gold to the value of $74, 160 ; 1 tannery, 27 distilleries, 1 pottery, 29 grist m,, 10 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $2,920. 14 sch. 352 scholars. Pop. whites 5,143, slaves 516, free col'd 12 ; total 5,671. Lu.MPKiN, p-v., capital of Stewart co., Ga., 137 s. w. Milledgeville, 793 W. Situated on the s. side of Hannahatchee cr., 16 ms. e. from its en- trance into Chattahoochee r. It contains a court house, jail, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, 14 stores, and 36 dwellings. Lunenburg, county, Va. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 410 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Meherrin r. and its branches. Capital, Lewistown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,470, sheep 9,004, swine 15,805 ; wheat 26,824 bush, produced, Ind. corn 274,547, oats 138,245, potatoes 10,136, tobacco 2,640,000 pounds, cotton 8,590; 30 stores, cap. $111,152; 3 tanneries, 22 grist m., 6 saw m., 12 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. whites 4,132, slaves 6,707, free col'd 216 ; total, 11,055. Lunenburg, p-t., Essex co., Vt., 58 e. n. e. Montpelier, 567 W. Situated on the w. side of Connecticut r., which runs on its s. e. border. Fifteen Mile falls, on that r., commence in the s. e. part of the t. Watered by iNeal's pond and Neal's branch, which passes through it, and Cat- bow branch, which afford good water power. It has a Congregational and a Baptist church. Chartered in 1763. It contains 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 fulling m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $3,800. 1 1 sch. 377 scholars. Pop. 1,130. Lunenburg, p-t., Worcester co., Alass., 46 n. w. Boston, 428 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile. Watered by brancites of Nashau r. In- corporated in 172S. It contains 1 store, cap. $5,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 printing ofiices, 1 bindery, 1 grist m, 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. ,$29,161. 10 sch. 424 scholars. Pop. 1,272. Lunenburg, C. H., p-v., and capital of Lunen- burg CO., Va., 78 s. vv. Richmond, 197 W. It contains a handsome brick court house, with a portico of 4 columns in front, jail, clerk's office, 2 stores, 20 dwellings, and about 100 inhabit- ants. (See Lewistown.) LuNEv's Creek, p-o.. Hardy co., Va., 190 n. w. Richmond, 142 W. LuRAY, p-v., capital of Page co., Va., 130 n. w. Richmond, 96 W. Situated on Hawksbill cr. Organized in 1814, when the first house was built. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churches — 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist — I stores, 1 tannery, 50 dwellmgs, and 400 inhabitants. LuRAV, p-v.. Union t., Licking co., O., 25 e. Columbus, 368 W. It contains 1 church, 2 stores, and 109 inhabitants. It is surrounded by a rich and fertile country. LuRAY, p-v., Henry co., la., 57 e. ladianapoli?, 538 W. LYK 364 LYN LuRGAN, t., Franklin co., Pa., 13 n. Chambers- burg. The surface is a level valley ; soil, slate. Drained by the n. and s. branch of Conedogwin- nit cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $i,500; 2 tanneries, 5 grist ni., 6 saw in., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $10,000. 7 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 1,143. Lusk'.s Mills, p-c, Parke co., la., 74 w. Indian- apolis, 645 W. LuTHERSBURG, p-v., Clearfield co.. Pa., 145 n. w. Harrisburg, 237 W. LuTHERViLLE, p-v., Mcriwcther co., Ga., 108 w. Milledgeviile, 727 W. Luzerne, county, Pa. Situated toward the N. E. part of the state, and contains 1,310 sq. ms. Watered by Susquehanna r. The surface is greatly diversified. The valleys are fertile. Much of it is incapable of cultivation. Anthra- cite coal is extensively found. Capital, VVilkes- barre. There were in 1840, neat cattle 30,241, sheep 52,415, swine 37,007; wheat 214,389 bush, produced, rye 97,504, Indian corn 252,235, buck- wheat 131,923, oats 319,094, potatoes 384,217, anthracite coal 207,878 ; 132 stores, capital $537,400; 6 furnaces, 1 forge, 12 fulling m., 1 woollen iac, 24 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 2 brew- eries, 4 powder m., 1 pottery, 1 rope fac, 30 flouring m., 45 grist m., 212 saw m., 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $860,390. 5 acad. 140 students, 182 sch. 7,418 scholars. Pop. 44,006. Luzerne, t., Fayette co., Pa., 12 n. w. Union- town. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam. It lies on the great bend of Monongahela r., which bounds it n. and w. Drained by Dun- lap's cr., across which is a bridge, connecting it with Brownsville. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 2 tanneries, 4 flouring ra., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,330. 4 schools, 95 scholars. Pop. 1,715. Luzerne, p-t., Warren co., N. Y. Situated on the E. side of Hudson r. The surface is hilly, excepting near the Hudson. The v., situated on the E. side of the r., contains 1 church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., I saw m., 1 clothier's works, 40 dwell- ings, and about 250 inhabitants. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $1,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tan- nery, 2 grist m., 21 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 11 sch. 435 scholars. Pop. 1,284. Lycoming, county. Pa. Situated a little n. of the centre of the state, and contains 1,600 square miles. Drained by the w. branch of Susquehan- na r. and its tributaries. The surface is broken and mountainous ; the soil, in the valleys and on the streams, is fertile. A canal passes along the w. branch of Susquehanna r., through the co., connecting with the Pennsylvania canal, at the mouth of the Juniata. Capital, Williamsport. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,713, sheep 24,548, swine 26,030; wheal 231,757 bushels produced, rye 116,939, Indian corn 177,032, buck- wheat 63,209, oats 208,715, potatoes 194,113, sugar 33,242 pounds ; 67 stores, cap. $252,400 ; 9 lumber yards, cap. $2,600; 1 fulling m., 9 woollen fac, 20 tanneries, 1 1 distilleries, 1 pot- tery, 3 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 flouring m., 43 grist m., 55 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $374 683. 3 acad 52 students, 118 sch. 4,094 scholars. Pop. 22,649. Lycoming, t., Lycoming co., Pa. The sur- face is mountainous, excepting on the streams, ■where, and in the valleys, is fertile land. Soil, calcareous loam. Drained by Lycoming creek, which flows into the Susquehanna r. It has 4 stores, cap. $16,000 ; 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 8 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $22,250. 1 acad. 8 students, 6 sch. 183 scholars. Pop. 1,917. Lykens, t., Dauphin co., Pa., 26 n. Harrisburg. The surface is mountainous ; soil, red shale. Watered by Wiconisco, Little, and Mahantango creeks. It contains coal, very easy of access. It has 3 stores, cap. §8,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanne- ries, 2 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,400. 8 sch. 295 schol- ars. Pop. 1,409. Lykin.s, t., Crawford co., O., 8 N. by w. Bucy- rus. It has 8 sch. 246 scholars. Pop. 742. Lyman, p-t., York co.. Me., 72 s. w. Augusta, 523 W. Watered by branches of the Saco and Kcnnebunk rivers, the latter of which rises in a pond near its centre. It has 3 stores, capital $1,200; 1 grist m., 5 saw m., 13 sch. 545 schol- ars. Pop. 1,478. Lyman, p-t., Grafton co., N. II., 107 n. n. w. Concord, 533 W. Watered by Burnham's r., a branch of Ammonoosuc r. Connecticut r. runs on its w. boundary, and here is a part of the Fit- teen Mile falls, which terminate a little below. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 3 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $2,350. 9 sch. 580 scholars. Pop. 1,480. LvMAN Centre, p-o., Lyman t., York co., Me., 74 s. w. Augusta, 522 W. Lymansville, p-v.. Potter co., Pa., 167 n. n. w. Harrisburg, 277 W. Lyme, p-t., Grafton co., N/ II., 53 n. w. Con- cord, 498 W. Connecticut r. runs on its w. bor- der, by small branches of which it is watered. The surface is uneven ; soil, generally fertile. Chartered in 1764. It has 3 stores, cap. $19,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 11 saw in. Cap. in manufac. $22,100. 1 acad. 100 students, 16 sch. 531 scholars. Pop. 1,785. Lyme, p-t., New London co., Ct., 45 s. by E. Hartford, 338 W. Incorporated in 1667. Situ- ated on the e. side of Connecticut river, at its mouth, where is a ferry to Saybrook. Near the sound, the surface is level, or moderately hilly, with considerable salt marsh. Toward the n. the surface is stony and mountainous, where the soil is chiefly adapted to grazing. There are 6 churches in the t.-— 4 Congregational, and 2 Bap- tist. The V. is on a plain, and on one street, half a mile e. of the river. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $35,050 ; 1 lumber yard, capital $3,000 ; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 6 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,900. 18 sch. 847 scholars. Pop. 2,85C). Lyme, t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 12 w. Water- town, 172 N. w. Albany. The surface is gently undulating ; soil, a fertile, sandy, and marly loam. Watered by Chaumonl r. ; bounded by St. Lawrence r. on the w., and by Lake On- tario on the s., in which are several islands be- longing to the t. It has 9 stores, cap. $23,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 13 saw in. Cap. in manu- fac. $20,851 ; 14 sch. 466 scholars. Pop. 5,472. Ly.me, p-t., Huron co., O., 99 n. by e. Columbus, 402 W. The v. is situated on the border of a beautiful prairie, and contains 1 church, a store, and a number of dwellings. The t. has 1 store, cap. ,$500 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$1,000. 7 sch. 313 scholars. Pop. 1,320. Lynchburg, p-v., Campbell co., Va., 116 w. by s. Richmond, 191 W. Situated on the s. bank of James r., 2J ms. below its passage through the Blue Ridge. In 1793 it contained but 5 houses. Incorporated in 18U5. It contains 7 churches — 2 Presbyterian, 2 Methodist, 1 Bap- tist, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Roman Catholic There is a Friends church in the vicinity. It has 6 warehouses in which from 15 to 20,000,!.OL) lbs. of tobacco are annually inspected. It has 128 stores and groceries, 22 tobacco fac, which manufacture fi'om 35 to 40,000 boxes of tobacco annually, 1 large cotton fac, 1 iron foundry, 3 LYN 365 LYS large flouring m., 15 classical schools, 1,000 houses, and 6,395 inhabitants. The James r. and Kanawha canal connects this place with Richmond. On it are 5 handsome packet-boats for passengers, and about 40 freight-boats, of from 60 to 100 tons burden. The back country and trade of this place are very extensive. Lynchburg, p-v., Lincoln co., Tenn., 78 s. Nashville, 701 W. Situated on one of the head branches of Elk r. Lynchburg, p-v., Dodson t.. Highland co., O., 83 s. w. Columbus, 451 W. Situated on the e. fork of Little Miami r., and contains 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 carding machine, 2 tanne- ries, 30 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. Lynch's Creek, p-o., Williamsburg dist., S. C, 151 E. by s. Columbia, 448 W. The stream rises in N. C, and after a course of 120 ms., flows into Great Pedee r., in Williamsburg dist., S. C. It is navigable for more than 60 miles. LvNCHWooD, p-v., Kershaw dist., S. C, 51 n. E. Columbia, 365 W. LvNDEBOROUGH, p-t., Hillsboro' county, N. H., 33 s. s. w. Concord, 461 W. The surface is mostly uneven and rough ; soil, well adapted to grazing. Incorporated in 1764. Drained by branches of Souhegan r. It has 1 store, capital $1,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,265. 12 sch. 334 scholars. Pop. 1,032. Lyndon, p-t., Caledonia co., Vt., 44 n. e. Mont- pelier, 551 W. The surface is undulating; soil, very productive. Watered by Pasumsic river, which has 2 considerable falls, and affords ex- tensive water power. The v. is pleasant, and has considerable trade. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $12,000; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $18,210. 1 acad. 131 students, 16 sch. 607 scliol- ars. Pop. 1,753. Lyndon, t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 18 e. Elli- cottville, 274 w. Albany. The surface is'undu- lating soil ; sandy and gravelly loam. Drained by Ischua and Oil creeks. It has 7 sch. 225 schol- ars. Pop. 628. Lyndon, v., Yates t., Orleans co., N. Y, It contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 60 dwellings, and about 400 inliabitants, Lyndon, p-v., Whitesides county. 111., ISO n. Springfield, 855 W. Lyndon Centre, p-o., Lyndon t,, Caledonia CO., Vt,, 46 N. E. Montpelier, 556 W. Lynesville, p-v., Granville co., N. C, 54 n. Raleigh, 241 W. Lynn, p-t., Essex county, Mass., 9 n. e. Boston, 449 W. The ocean washes its s. border, and in the s. E. is excellent salt marsh. Watered by Saugus r. The surface is level, with rocky hills to the N. The v. contains 8 churches — 3 Metho- dist, 2 Congregational, 1 Friends, 1 Baptist, and 1 Universalist — 2 banks, besides 1 for savings, and an academy. The peninsula of Nahant is a rocky promontory in the ocean, connected with a smaller peninsula, called Little Nahant, by a beach, and both are connected with the shore by a beach a mile and a half long, barely sufficient- ly elevated not to be overflowed. A splendid hotel, at the e. end of the peninsula, receives numerous visiters in the summer season. Lynn has long been celebrated for the manufacture of ladies' shoes, and produces over 2,500,000 pairs annually. It has 36 stores, cap. $134,000 , 1 rope fac, 3 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 printing offices, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufactures, $408,700. 6 acad. 133 students, 10 sch. 1,035 scholars. Pop, 9,367. Lynn, p-o,, Susquehanna co., Pa., 169 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 276 W. Lynv, t., Lehigh co.. Pa. It has 7 stores, cap. $19,100 ; 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 50 distiller- ies, 1 powder m., 10 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac $8,500. 7 sch. 312 scholars. Pop. 1,895. Lynn, t., Posey co., la. It has 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000, Pop. 845, Lynn Camp, p-o., Knox co., Ky., 107 s. e. by s. Frankfort, 531 W. Lynnfield, p-t., Essex co., Mass., 20 n. Bos- ton, 460 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, not very productive. Watered by Ipswich r. In- corporated in 1782. It has cap. in manufactures $8,000. 3 sch. 190 scholars. Pop. 707. Lynnville, p-v., Lynn t., Lehigh co.. Pa., 83 E. N. e. Harrisburg, 175 W. Lynnville, pv., Warwick co., la., 162 s. w. by s. Indianapolis, 700 W. Situated on the head waters of Great Pigeon cr. Lynnville, p-v., Giles co., Tenn., 60 s. Nash- ville, 724 W. Situated on Richland cr. Lynnville, p-v., Morgan co.. 111., 41 w. Spring- field, 821 W. Lyons, p-t., capital of Wayne co., N. Y., 180 w. by N. Albany, 357 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, a fertile sandy and calcareous loam. Drained by Clyde r., formed by the junction of .Mud cr. with Canandaigua outlet. The v. is situated on the Erie canal, and contains a court house, jail, clerk's office, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Epis- copal, 1 Methodist, 1 Baptist, and 1 Lutheran — a bank, 20 stores, 2 warehouses, 2 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 steam furnace and saw m., 2 tanneries, 2 carriage fac, 300 dwellings, and about 1,80J in- habitants. There are in the t. 20 stores, capital $165,000; 1 lumber yard, cap. $200; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, I pottery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 5 flouring m., 3 grist m., fi saw m. Cap. in manufac. $92,005. 8 sell. 972 scholars. Pop. 4,302. Lyons, p-o., Lucas co., O., 165 n. w. Colum- bus, 496 W. Lyons, p-t., Ionia co , Mich., 134 w. n. w. De- troit, 628 W. Situated on both sides of Grand r., at the head of steamboat navigation, 100 ms. from its mouth. The r. here has a fall, creating a good water power. The v. has 2 stores, 30 dwellings, and 150 inhabitants. The r. is boatable above lor flat bottomed boats. Tiiere are in the t. 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,900. 4 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 497. Lyon, t., Oakland co., Mich. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500. 10 sch. 290 scholars. Pop. 1,206. Lyons, p-o., Clinton co., Iowa. Lyonsdale, p-o., Greig t., Lewis co., N. Y., 122 N. w. Albany, 426 W. Lyon's Store, p-o., Hawkins co,, Tenn,, 257 e, Nashville, 425 W, Lysander, p-t,, Onondaga co,, N, Y., 144 w. by N. Albany, 364 W. The surface is generally level ; soil, liertile. Watered by Seneca r., which bounds it on the s. It has 7 stores, cap. $32,6J0 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 1 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $80,130. 18 sch. 930 scholars. Pop. 4,306. MAC 366 MAC M. Mabbettsville, p-0., Washington t., Dutch- ess CO., N. Y., 78 s. Albany, 316 W. MacAllister's Cross Roads, p-o., Mont- gomery CO., Tenn., 53 n. w. Nashville, 737 W. MacAllistersville, p-v., Juniata co.. Pa., 55 N. w. Harrisburg, 149 W. MacArson's Stand, p-o., De Solo co., Miss., 213 N. Jackson, 913 W. MacArthur, t., Logan co., O. Organized in 1823. It has 6 sch. 144 scholars. Pop. 1,674. MacArthurstown, p-v., Elk t., Athens co., O., 71 s. E. Columbus, 365 W. Situated on a branch of Racoon creek. It contains 4 .stores, 1 large burr-millstone fac, 1 carding machine, and other manufactories. MacBridesville, p-o., Union dist., S. C, 80 N, w. Columbia, 474 W. MacCall's Creek, p-o., Franklin co., Miss., 70 s. w. Jackson, 1,080 W. MacCall's Ferry, p-o., York co., Pa., 52 s. Harrisburg, 88 W. MacCandless, p-o., Butler CO., Pa., 211 w. by N. Harrisburg, 253 W. MacCJann's, p-o., Rush co., la., 46 e. Indian- apolis, 533 W. MacClellandstown, p-v., German t., Fay- ette CO., Pa., 187 w. by s. Harrisburg, 204 W. It contains 1 church, 4 stores, and about 50 dwell- ings. MacConnelsburg, p-v.. Air t., Bedford co., Pa., 67 w. s. w. Harrisburg, 95 W. Situated in a pleasant valley, on Big Cove cr. It contains 2 Presbyterian churches, 6 stores, 100 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. Incorporated in 1814. MacConnelsville, p-o., Vienna t., Oneida CO., N. Y., 121 w. N. w. Albany, 391 W. MacConnelsville, p-v., Morgan t., capital of Morgan co., O., 73 e. by s. Columbus, 330 W. Situated on the e. bank of Muskingum r., at an elevation of from 10 to 3^) feet above high water. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churches — 1 Pres- byterian and 1 Baptist — 12 stores, 2 tanneries, 80 dwellings, and SOU inhabitants. MacCracken, county, Ky. Situated in the w. part of the stale, and contains 200 square ms. The Ohio r. bounds it on the n. and n. e. The surface is level ; soil, very fertile. Drained by Clark's r., and its branches. Capiiul, Paducali. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,921, sheep 2,447, swine 17,66S ; wheat 13,455 bushels pro- duced, Indian corn 198,277, oats 25,649, potatoes 11,917, tobacco 65,643 pounds, cotton 9,63-i; 39 stores, cap. $116,775 ; 3 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 8 grist m., 1 saw ra., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $10,346. 4 acad. 115 students, 6 sch. 112 scholars. Pop. whites 4,064, slaves 654, free col'd 27 ; total, 4,745 MacCulloch's Mills, p-o., Juniata co., Pa., 61 N. w. Columbus, 133 W. MacCullough's, p-o., Jefferson co., O., 127 E. n. e. Columbus, 280 W. MacCutchinsville, p-v., Crawford co., O., 7G N. Columbus, 425 W. It contains 3 churches, 5 stores, about 50 dwellings, and 300 inhabitants. MacDaniels, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 61 n. w. Raleigh 296 W. MacDanielsville, p-v., Spartanburg dist.. S. C, 92 N. w. Columbia, 481 W. MacDonald, t., Hardin co., O. Pop. 285. MacDonald, p-v., capital of Randolph co., Ala., 161 E. Tuscaloosa, 757 W. Situated 3 ms. E. of the Little Tallapoosa r. It has a court house, a male and female academy, and several dwellings. MacDonald, p-v., capital of Barry co., Mo., 200 s. w. Jefferson City, 1,115 W. Situated on the N. side of a small branch of White r. MacDonoogh, county, 111. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 576 square ms. Organized in 1829. Watered by Crooked creek and its branches. Much of the surface is prairie ; soil, very fertile. Capital, Macomb. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,112, sheep 5,643, swine 15,368 ; wheat 25,684 bush, produced, Indian corn 222,553, oats 41,030, potatoes 14,139; 9 stores, cap. $26,200; 6 grist m., 13 saw m. Capital in manufac. $44,900. 15 sch. 336 scholars. Pop. 5,308. MacDonough, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 119 w. Albany, 326 VV. The surface has several ridges ; soil, clay loam, adapted to grass. Drained by Bowman's and Geneganslette creeks. ITie v., on the latter cr., contains 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 paper m., 40 dwellings, and about 200 inhabit- ants. It has 2 stores, cap. $14,000; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspa- per, 2 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $36,930. 13 sch. 529 scholars. Pop. 1,369. MacDonough, p-v., capital of Henry co., Ga., 65 w. N. w. Milledgeville, 669 W. Situated be- tween Towelagga and South Ocmulgee rivers. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churches — 1 Bap- tist and 1 Methodist — an academy, which cost $2,200, 8 stores, about 50 dwellings, and 300 in- habitants. MacEwens Cross Roads, p-o., Troy t., Rich- land CO., O., 57 N. by e. Columbus, 388 W. MacEwensville, p-o., Northumberland co., Pa., 75 N. Harrisburg, 185 W. MacFarland, p-o., Lunenburg co., Va., 70 s. w. Richmond, 189 W. MacGaheysville, p-o., Rockingham co., Va., 116 N. w. Richmond, 131 W. MacGehonsburg, p-o., Beaver co.. Pa., 246 w. by N. Harrisburg, 272 W. MacGrawville, p-v., Cortlandville t., Cort- land CO., N. Y., 142 w. Albany, 318 W. It con- tains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tan- nery, and a number of dwellings. MacIIarque's, p-o., Chariton co., Mo., 90 n. w. Jefferson City, 973 W. MacHenry, county. 111. Situated in the N. E. corner of the state, and contains 960 square miles. Drained by the N. branch of Chicago, Des Plaines, and Fox rivers, and their branches. Soil, on the E. side of Fox r., clayey ; on the w., a fertile sandy loam. Limestone abounds. Capital, MacHenry. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,526, siieep 370, swine, 4,868 ; wheat 43,957 bush, produced, Ind. corn 45,407, oats 38,974, potatoes 33,870 ; 5 stores, cap. $7,500 ; 1 distillery, 7 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $18,219. 15 sch. 265 scholars. Pop. 2,578. MacHenry, p-v., capital of MacHenry co , 111., 223 N. N. E. Springfield, 758 W. Situated on the w. side of Fox r., 12 s. of the n. line of the state. It is surrounded by excellent prairie, groves of timber, and oak openings. MacIndoes Falls, p-v., Bamet t, Caledonia CO., Vt., 46 E. by n. Alontpelier, 532 W. It is situated at the head of navigation on Connecti- cut r. Macintosh, county, Ga. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. The Atlantic Ocean bounds it on the s. e. The sur- face is level ; soil, fertile. The Altamaha r. runs on its s. w. border, and South Newport r. on the MAC 367 MAC N. E. Drained by Sapelo r., and Jones and Doc- tor's crs. It has several islands on its coast, of which Sapelo, Black Bend, and Wolf are the chief. Capital, Darien. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,884, sheep 734, swine 4,6.)"i; Indian corn 30,406 bush, produced, potatoes 40,791, rice 2,826,203 pounds, cotton 542,877, sugar 7,300 ; 1 commercial and 5 commission houses, capital $50,000; 17 stores, cap. $86,400; 2 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 printing office. Cap. in manufactures $63,500. 1 acad. 65 students, 1 sch. 13 scholars. Pop. whites 1,348, slaves 3,910, free colored 102; total, 5,360. MacKaigs Mills, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 145 N. E. Columbus, 284 W. MacKean, county, Pa. Situated in the n. and toward the w. part of the state, and contains 1,470 sq. ms. Organized in 1804. Drained by Alleghany r. and its branches, and by Sinnema- honiiig cr., a head branch of the w. branch of Susquehanna r. The surface is hilly, and abounds with coal, iron, and salt. The soil is adapted to grazing. Capiiai, Smithport. There were m 1840, neat cattle 2,977, sheep 3,713, swine 1,781 ; wheat 8,162 bush, produced, rye 1,870, Ind. corn 12,070, buckwheat 3,136, oats 19,373, potatoes 52,211, su- gar 69,750 pounds ; 10 stores, cap. $28, 100 ; 2 tan- eries, 9 grist m., 33 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $84,450. 1 acad. 30 students, 21 sch. 575 scholars. Pop. 2,975. MacKean, p-t., Erie co.. Pa., 9 s. Erie, 265 n. w. by w. Harrisburg, 338 \V. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Walnut or. and its branches, and by Elk cr. It has 1 fulling m., 4 grist m., 8 saw m. 12 schools 449 scholars. Pop. 1,714. MacKean, t.. Licking co., O. It lies directly n. of Granville, and contains the v. of Fredonia. 6 sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 1,317. MacKeansburg, p-v., Brunswick t., Schuyl- kill CO., Pa., 67 N. E. Harrisburg, 177 W. It contains 2 stores, and about 35 dwellings. MacKean's Old Stand, p-o., Westmoreland CO., Pa., 175 w. Harrisburg, 201 W. MacKees Half P'alls, p-o.. Union co., Pa., 40 N. Harrisburg, 150 W. MacKee's Port, p-v., Versailles t., Alleghany CO., Pa., 199 w. Harrisburg, 212 W. It contains a Presbyterian church, several stores, and 40 or 50 dwellings. MacKinley, p-o., Marengo co., Ala., 97 s. by w. Tuscaloosa, 890 W. MacKinster's, p-o., Meigs co., O., 88 s. e. Columbus, 355 W. MacKinstry's Mills, p-o., Carroll co., Md., 66 N. w. Annapolis, 69 W. MacLain, p-o., Henry co., O., 162 n. w. Co- lumbus, 493 W. MacLain's Mills, p-o., Waldo co.. Me., 33 e. Augusta, 622 W. Mac Lean, county. 111. Situated a little n. e. of the centre of the state, and contains 1,296 sq. ms. Much of the surface is prairie, moderately undulating, and interspersed with fine groves of timber ; soil, dry and tertile. Drained by Mack- inaw r., and Kickapoo and Salt creeks. Capital, Bloornington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,019, sheep 8,777, swine 25.74J ; wheat 44.471 bush, produced, Indian corn 350,S20, oats 81,028, potatoes 4,.586 ; 14 stores, cap. $29,000; 3 tan- neries, 6 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 14 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in inanulae. $23,070. 3 acad. 70 students, 14 sch. 422 scholars. Pop. 6,565. MacLean, p-v., Groton t , Tompkins co., N. Y., 149 w. by s. Albany, 311 W. Situated on Fall cr., vi'hich affords extensive water power. It contains 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, 4 stores, 1 flouring m., 4 saw m., 1 iron foundry and trip-hammer works, 1 plaster m., 1 clothier's works, 1 tannery, 50 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. MacLean, t., Shelby co., O. It has cap. in inanufac. $50. Pop. 513. MacLeansborough, p-v., capital of Hamilton CO., III., 156 s. s. E. Springfield, 776 W. Situated on a head branch of the n. fork of Saline cr., on elevated ground, and contains a court house, jail, about 25 dwellings, and 150 inhabitants. MacLeaivsville, p-v., Jackson co., Tenn., 80 E. Nashville, 651 W. MacLemonesville, p-v., Carroll co., Tenn., 107 w. Nashville, 790 W. MacLeod's, p-o., Greene co., Miss., 195 s. e. Jackson, 1,073 W. Mac3Iann's, p-o., Greene co., ]\Iiss., 210 s. e. Jackson, 1,042 W. MacMath's, p-o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala., 32 Tuscaloosa, 786 W. MacMeekin's, p-o., Fairfield dist., S. C, 23 n. Columbia, 502 W. MacMinn, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 608 sq. ms. Watered by Hiwassee r. and its branches. Capi- tal, Athens. There were in 1840. neat cattle 11,407, sheep 8,232, swine 37,672 ; wheat 88,861 bush, produced, rye 3,507, Ind. corn 632,578, oats 163,634, potatoes 8,633, tobacco 7,360 pounds, cotton 1,443; 20 stores, cap $119,700; 2 cotton fac. 672 sp., 9 tanneries, 51 distilleries, 12 Hour- ing m., 23 grist m., 29 saw m., 2 oil m., 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufae. ,$88,191. 2 acad. 99 students, 7 sch. 222 scholars. Pop. whites 11,450, slaves 1,241, free col'd 2S ; total, 12,719. MacMinnville, p-v., capital of Warren co., Tenn., 75 s. E. Nashville, 624 W. Situated oa the N. side of Barren Fork, opposite to the junc- tion of Hickory cr., wliich flow into the Caney Fork of Cumberland r. MacMurray's Store, p-o., Maury co.,Tcnn., 50 s. s. w. Nashville, 727 W. MacMurtryton, p-o., Hardin co., Ky., 87 s. w. Frankfort, 627 W. MacNairy, county, Tenn. Situated toward the .s. w. part of the state, and contahis 960 sq. ras. Watered by branches of Big Ilatchee and Forked Deer rivers. Capital, Purdy. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,252, sheep 6,110, swine 42,271 ; wheat 36,958 bush, produced, Ind. corn 235,715, oats 56,591, potatoes 13,577, tobac- co 243,120 pounds, cotton 42,446, sugar 1,897 ; 10 stores, cap. $16,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 3 tanne- ries, 29 distilleries, 32 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $30,759. 1 acad. 34 students, 11 sch. 273 scholars. Pop. whites 8,589, slaves 763, free col'd 33 ; total, 9,335. MacNary's, p-o., Muhlenburg co., Ky., 187 w. s. \v. Frankfort, 729 W. Macoupin, cr.. 111., rises in the n. part of Ma- con CO., and enters the Illinois r., 26 ms. above its junction with the Mississippi. The soU on its borders is fertile. Macoupin, county. 111. Situated a little s. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 864 sq. ms. Organized in 1829. The surface is slightly undulatuig, consisting of prairies and timber, the latter mostly along the streams. The soil is generally very fertile. Drained by 3Iacoupin cr. and its branches, and by head branches of ( 'ahokia and Wood creeks. Capital, Carlinvillc. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,773, sheep 10,231, swme 37,917 ; wheat 42,919 bush, produ- ced, Ind. corn 540,930, oats 57,6S5. potatoes 17,179, tobacco 11,196 pounds; 19 stores, cap. MAC 368 MAC $29,660 ; 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 16 grist rn., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,315. 1 acad. 45 students, 14 sch. 375 scholars. Pop. 7,826. MacVeytown, p-v., Mifflin cc, Pa., 63 n. w. Harrisburg, 154 W. MacWhorter's Mills, p-c, Lewis co., Va., 274 N. vv. by w. Richmond, ::i42 W. MacWilliamstown, p-v., Chester co., Pa., 65 s. E. Harrisburg. Macedon, p-t., Wayne CO., N. Y., 20 e. Lyons, 199 w. by N. Albany, 356 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, clay and gravelly loam. Drained by Mud cr. It has 9 stores, cap. Ifi 16,050 ; 1 lul- ling m., 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $44,115. 13 sch. 396 scholars. Pop. 2,396. Macedon, p-o., Mercer co., O. Macedon Centre, p-o., Macedon t., Wayne CO., N. Y., 202 w. by .n. Albany, 359 W. Macedo.\ia, p-v., Carroll co., Tenn., 108 w. Nashville, 793 W. Macedonia, po., Montgomery co., N. C. Machias, p-t., port of entry and capital of Washington co.. Me., 151 e. by n. Augusta, 339 N. E. Boston by land, and 300 by water, 773 W. The V. is situated on the e. side of the west branch of Machias r. at the falls, and contains a court house, jail, and has numerous mills. The r. admits vessels of 250 tons to within 50 rods of the mills. It produces a great amount of lumber for exportation. It has 10 stores, cap. $38,250 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 23 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $132,939. 11 sch. 382 scholars. Pop. 1,351. Tonnage of the dist., 11,847. Machias, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 286 w. by .s. Albany, 333 W. The surface is elevated and level ; soil, clay and gravelly loam. Drain- ed by Ischua cr., and the outlet of Lime lake, which enters ('attaraugus cr. The v. contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 saw ra., 1 grist m., 1 tanne- ry, 35 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. There are in the t., 3 stores, cap. $2,300 ; 1 tan- nery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,940. 9 sell. 310 scholars. Pop. 1,035. Machias Port, p-t., and port of entry, Wash- ington CO., Me., 155 E. by n. Augusta, 777 W. It is situated on Machias r., below the junction of the 2 branches. It has an excellent harbor, protected by Cross island, at the mouth of the bay, and considerable shipping employed in the lumber trade, and in the fisheries, incorpora- ted in 1826. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,600. 12 sch. 364 scholars. Pop. 834. Mackinac, county, Mich. Situated in the upper peninsula of Michigan, and contains 13,464 sq. ms. The surface is various as well as the soil. Macliinac (pronounced Mackinaw) strait connects Lake Michigan with Lake Huron, and is about 40 miles long, and in its narrowest part, 4 miles wide. It includes several islands, which are Mackinac, Bois Blanc, Drummond's, and several small ones. The extreme elevation of Mackinac island above the lake, is 300 feet. It produces wheat, oats, barley, peas and beans. The settlement of it was commenced in 1764. In 1796 it was surrendered to the American go- vernment; taken by the British in 1812; but re- stored by the treaty of Ghent. Capital, Mack- inac. There were in 1840, neat cattle 96, sheep 6, swuie 65; Ind. corn 20 bush, produced, oats 614, potatoes 2,016 ; 11 stores, cap. $66,600 ; cap. in the fisheries, $1,000; value of skins and furs produced, $21,750. Pop. 923. Mackinac, p-v., capital of Mackinac co., Mich., 300 N. N. w. Detroit, 821 W. Situated on the s. E. extremity of an island of the same name, and contains a court house, jail, 1 Presby- terian, and 1 Roman Calhohc church, 10 stores, a school of the American Board of Foreign 3Iis- sions, a Roman Catholic missionary school, and a branch of the University of Michigan. Fort Mackinac stands on a rocky eminence, 150 feet immediately above the v., which it commands. The harbor is safe and spacious, capable of accommodating 150 vessels. Over 3,OuO barrels of trout and white fish are annually exported, and it is the seat of an exteiLsive fur trade. Mackinaw, r.. 111., rises in a prairie near the centre of McLean co., and running through Tazewell co., enters the Illinois r. 3 ms. below Pekin. It has rich bottoms, but the bluffs are broken, with a tliin soil, one or two miles wide. It affords water power. Mackinaw, p-v., Tazewell co.. 111., 64 n. Springfield, 764 W. Situated in a prairie on the s. E. side of Maclunaw cr. Mackville, p-v., Franklin co., Ga., 121 n. Milledgeville, 595 W. Mackville, p-v., Washington co., Ky., 45 s. s. w. Frankfort, 567 W. Mackville, p-v., Randolph co., la., 75 e. n. E. Indianapohs, 512 W. Macomb, county, Mich. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 435 sq. ms. The surface in the e. part is level, in the w. part, rolling or hilly, and somewhat broken. The soil is generally very fertile, adapted to gram and to grass. St. Clair lake lies on its s. e. border. Watered by Clinton r. and its branches. Organ- ized in 1813. It contains 2 salt springs. Capital, Mount Clemens. There were in 1810, neat cat- tle 7,193, sheep 8,959, swine 8,969 ; wheat 31,064 bush, produced, rye 7,337, Ind. corn 71,023, buckwheat 8,390, barley 1,344, oats 69,792, pota- toes 80,881, sugar 32,991 pounds; 19 stores, cap. $56,000 ; I fulling m., 2 distilleries, 1 glass fac, 4 flouring m., 1 grist m., 12 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $109,5 JO. 2 acad. 29 students, 76 sch. 1,973 scholars. Pop. 9,716. Macomb, p-v., capital of MacDonough co.. 111., 86 N. w. Springfield, 859 W. Situated in a fer- tile prairie, 2 ms. s. of the Drowning f^ork of Crooked cr. It contains a court house, 4 stores, and about 125 inhabitants. iMacomb, p-t., Macomb co., Mich., 35 n. e. De- troit, 559 W. Watered by Clinton r. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 9 sch. 226 scholars. Pop. 952. Macon, county, N. C. Situated in the w. part of tiie state, and contains 900 sq. ms. Drained by head branches of Tennessee r. The surface is elevated. Capital, Franklin. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,S25, sheep 5,539, swine 11,883; wheat 6,311 bush, produced, rye 4,375, Ind. corn 125,820, oats 32,855, potatoes 8,613, tobacco 2,983 pounds ; 5 stores, cap. $27,800 ; 4 tanneries, 11 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 22 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,600. 3 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. whites 4,446, slaves 363, free col'd 55 ; total 4,869. Macon, county, Ga. Situated a little s. w. of the centre of the slate, and contains 420 sq. ms. Drained by Ffint r. and its tributaries. Capital, Lanier. There were in 1840, neat catde 21,176, sheep 2,538, swine 19,050 ; wheat 20,933 bush, produced, rye 1,062, Ind. corn 242,039, oats 5,985, potatoes 19,833, cotton 1,379,605 ; 1 1 stores, cap. $30,600; 14 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,100. 3 sch. 58 scholars. Pop. whiles 3,553, slaves 1,489, free cofd 3 ; total, 5,045. Macon, county, Ala. Situated toward the s. MAC 369 MAD E. part of the state, ami contains 970 sq. ms. Wa- tered by branches of Tallapoosa r. Capital, Tus- kegee. There were in 1810, neat cattle 15,958, sheep 762, swine 21,731 ; wheat 2,316 bush, pro- duced, Ind. com 312,313, oats 6,241, potatoes 29,076, cotton 883,125 pounds; 16 stores, cap. $67,500 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 3 flouring m., 13 grist ra., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $67,525. 6 acad. 243 students, 14 sch. 36S scholars. Pop. whites 5,369, slaves 5,851, free col'd 27; total, 11,247. Macon, county. 111. Situated near the centre of the state, and contains 1,400 sq. ms. Watered by Kaskaskia r. and the n. fork of Sangamon r., and by Salt cr. The surface is level, or shghtly undulating; soil, generally fertile. Capital, De- catur. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,264, sheep 3,516, swine 13,285; wheat 21,344 bush, produced, rye 4,741, Ind. corn 173,187, oats 44,366, potatoes 5,354 ; 5 stores, cap. $23,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 6 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,000. 8 sch. 234 scholars. Pop. 3,039. M.\c0i\, county. Mo. Situated toward the n. part of the state, and contains 846 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Chariton and E. Chariton rivers, and the branchesof Salt r. Capital, Bloomington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,539, sheep 7,050, swine 30,973; wheat 9,105 bush, produced, Ind. corn 552,996, oats 15,517, potatoes 9,531, tobacco 57,871 pounds; 11 stores, cap. $69,300; 2 lum- ber yards, cap. .$1,400; 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 6 gri.st m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,300. 7 sch. 180 scholars. Pop. whites 5,803, slaves 225, free col'd 1 ; total, 6,034. Macon, p-o., Powhatan cc, Va., 40 v/. Rich- mond, 157 W. 3Iacon, city, and capital of Bibb co., Ga., 3:> s. w. Milledgeville, 686 W. It is situated chiefly on the w. bank of the Ocmulgee r., at the head of steamboat navigation. It has a court house, jail, an elegant market house, and 5 churches — 2 Presbyteriiui, 1 Baptist, 1 Episco- pal, and 1 Methodist. There is a bridge over the Ocmulgee 389 feet in length. A great amount of cotton is shipped from this place. 8 or 10 steamboats are employed on tiie Ocmul- gee, besides towboats, and pole-boats. In 18'i2, a single cabin occupied the site of the city. There were in 1840, 9 foreign com. houses, cap. $75,000 ; 82 retail stores, cap. $385,000 ; 9 lum- ber yards, cap. $7,500 ; 1 grist m., 3 printing offi- ces, 3 weekly newspapers, 1 periodical. Cap. in manufac. $67,750. 1 college, 150 students, 3 acad. 200 students, 2 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 3,927. Macon, p-v., Marengo cc, Ala., 56 s. Tusca- loosa, 868 W. Macon, p-v., and capital of Noxubee co.. Miss., 125 N. E. Jackson, 885 W. Situated on the n. e. side of Noxubee r. It contains a court house and several dwellings. Macon, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich., 66 s. w. Detroit, 520 W. Watered by the s. branch of Raisin r. It has a fertile soil, well adapted to grain. It contains 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,000. 7 sch. 31 1 scholars. Pop. 1,146. MacOxN, p-v., Fayette co., Tcnn., 196 vv. s. w. Nashville, 881 W. It contains 3 stores, a female academy, and about 75 inhabitants. Macon Depot, p-o., Warren co., N. C, 67 n. N. E. Raleigh, 221 W. Macksvii.le, i)-v., Vigo co., la., 74 w. Indian- apolis, 615 W. Situated on the national road, H ms. w. of the Wabash r. Macungv, p-t., Lehigh co., Pa., 83 e. n. e. Harrisburg, 176 VV. Watered by Jordan and 47 Little Lehigh creeks. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam, productive and well cultivated. It contains 2 churches. Madawaska, t., Aroostook co.. Me. Situated on the s. side of St. Johns r. it contains 5 stores, 4 grist m.. 1 saw m., 3 sch. 56 scholars. Pop. l,5-i4. The settlement is along the road follow- ing the course of the river. The part on the n. side of the river, and which, according to the late treaty, is now in Canada, contains a population of 1,876. Madison, county, N. Y. Situated a little e. of the centre of the state, and contains 582 sq. ms. The middle and southern parts are uneven and hilly ; in the n. part it is more level. Drain- ed by the head branches of Chenango, Unadilhi, Ostelic, and Toughnioga rivers. Water lime and gypsum are abundant, and marl and bog iron ore are found. Two sulphur springs exist, near the village of Chittenango. The Erie canal, and Utica and Syracuse railroad, pass through the co. Capital, Morrisville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 42,191, sheep 204,616, swine 30,757 ; wheat 200,142 bush, produced, rye 3,255, Indian corn 171,204, buckwheat 5,996, barley 135,635, oats 343,207, potatoes 676.649, hops 107,230 pounds, sugar 215,619; 109 stores, cap. $391,715; 3 fur- naces, 25 fulling m., 10 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 744 sp., 1 rope fac, 40 tanneries, 7 distille- ries, 1 brewery, 4 flouring m., 39 grist m., 167 saw m., 3 oil m., 1 paper fac, 9 printing offices, 3 binderies, 2 periodicals, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $719,280. 8 acad. 968 students, 253 sch. 12,297 scholars. Pop. 40,008. Madburv, t., Strafford co., N. II. The soil is generally productive. Drained by Bellamy r. Bog iron ore is found. Incorporated in 1755. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,900. 5 sch. 215 scholars. Pop. 489. Madison, county, Va. Situated a little n. e. of the centre of the state, and contains 330 sq. ms. The surface is moderately uneven, and the soil tolerably fertile. Drained by Robertson's r. and other branches of Rapid Ann r. Capital, Madi- son. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,006, sheep 8,964, swine 12,851 ; wheat 100,680 bush, produced, rye 23,627, Ind. corn 271,880, oats 33,005, potatoes 12,796, tobacco 148,700 pounds ; 12 stores, cap. $48,000 ; 7 taiuieries, 5 distilleries, 10 flouring m., 23 grist m., 17 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $133,300. 2 acad. 41 students, 17 sch. 356 scholars. Pop. whites 3,729, slaves 4,308, free col'd 70; total 8,107. Madison, county, Ga. Situated in the n. e. pari of the state, and contains 250 sq. ms. Drain- ed by branches of Broad r. It has some mineral springs. Capital, Danielsville. There were iu 1840, neat cattle 1,956, sheep 1,571, swine 3,927; wheat 8,239 bush, produced, Ind. corn 53,130, oats 6,657, potatoes 3,350, cotton 727,118 pounds ; 9 stores, cap. $15,700; 3 grist m., 1 saw m., I acad. 20 students, 3 sch. 79 scholars. Pop. whites 3,125, slaves 1,382, free col'd 3; total, 4,510. Madison, county, Flor. Situated in the cen- tral part of the ter., extending from Ga. on the N., to the Gulf of Mexico on tiie s. The surface is rolling, and the water is excellent. The soil in the .n. and w. parts is fertile ; in tlie middle it is poor ; and in the s. e. there is considerable su- perior sugar land. Suwanee r. runs on its e. border, and Oscilla r. on its w. border. A great number of small lakes are scattered over it. Capital, Madison. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 5,690, sheep 223, swine 3,969 ; Indian corn 37,985 bush, produced, oats 2,305, potatoes 13,213, rice 1,150 pounds, cotton 702,100, sugar 1,200; 3 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw in., 2 oil m. MAD 370 MAD Cap. in manufac. $5,300. 4 sch. 74 scholars. Pop. whites 1,442, slaves 1,202 ; total, 2,644. Madison, county, Ala. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 760 sq. ms. The sur- face is moderately hilly, and the soil very fer- tile. Tennessee r. runs on its s. border. Wa- tered by branches of Flint r. and other branches of Tennessee r. Capital, Huntsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 23,074, sheep 12,308, swine 79,970 ; wheat 85.099 bush, produced, Ind. corn 1,357,808, oats 152,816, potatoes 46,371, to- bacco 15,655 pounds, cotton 10,353,897; 40 stores, cap. $182,450; 11 tanneries, 11 distilleries, 22 grist m., 17 saw in., 2 printing ofl'ices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. hi manufac. $121,972. 2acad. 125 students, 33 sch. 1,167 scholars. Pop. whites 12,297, slaves 13,265, free col'd 144 ; total, 25,706. Madison, county. Miss. Situated a little s. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 548 sq. ms. Big lllack r. runs on its n. w. border, and Pearl r. on its s. E. border. Capital, Canton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 21,045, sheep 4,906, swine 46,028 ; wheat 1,198 bush, produced, Ind. com 877,893, oats 79,895, poiatoes 152,981, cotton 14,842,153 pounds ; 19 stores, cap. $79,600 ; 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. §7,700. 1 college, 100 students, 2 acad. 170 students, 2 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. whites 3,986, slaves 11,53-3, free col'd 11 ; total, 15,530. Madiso.n, parish, La. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 800 sq. ms. Mis- sissippi r. runs on its E. border. Drained by Roundaway and Alacon bayous, and Tensas r. Capital, Richmond. There were in 1810, neat cattle 6,239, sheep 767, swine 8,641; Ind. corn 190,745 bush, produced, potatoes 13,188, cotton 5,378,610 pounds; 8 stores, cap. $47,200; 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,000. Pop. whites 1,210, slaves 3,923, free col'd 9; total, 5,142. Madison, county, Tenn. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 670 sq. ms. Wa- tered by the s. fork of Forked Deer r. and its branches. Capital, Jackson. There were hi 1810, neat cattle 12,747, sheep 17,563, swine 64,503; wheat 63,178 bush, produced, rye 8,530, Ind. corn 793,215, oats 226,604, potatoes 65,238, tobacco 136,632 pounds, cotton 2,233,039 ; 19 stores, cap. ,$353,200 ; 1 furnace, 3 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 1,200 sp., 7 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 15 flouring m., 21 grist in., 13 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $108,295. 4 acad. 103 students, 23 sch. 512 scholars. Pop. whites 10,420, slaves 6,073, free col'd 37 ; total, 16,530. Madiso.n, county, Ky. Situated centrally, toward the E. part of the state, and contains 520 sq. ms. Kentucky r. runs on its n. border, by branches of wliich it is drained. Capital, Rich- mond. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,331, sheep 16,206, swine 49,104; wheat 41,502 bush, produced, rye 90,902, Ind. corn 561,884, barley 6,430, oats ti8,247, potatoes 16,952, tobacco 125,283 pounds, sugar 27,171 ; 10 stores, cap. $46,350; 2 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 12 distilleries, 23 grist m., 3 saw. m. Cap. in manufac. $19,275. 8 sch. 234 scholars. Pop. whites 10,860, slaves 5,413, fx^ee col'd 82 ; total, 16,355. Madison, county, O. Situated a little s. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 490 sq. ms. Watered by Darby and Deer creeks. The soil is well adapted to grazing, and much butter and cheese are produced. Capital, London. There were in 1810, neat cattle 16,177, sheep 15,632, swine 19,135; wheat 47,646 bush, pro- duced, rye 1,918, Ind. corn 419,066, buckwheat 1,287, oats 71,173, potatoes 12,566, sugar 1,150 pounds ; 22 stores, cap. $90,250 ; 1 fuUuig m. 5 tanneries, 2 potteries, 9 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,450. 94 sch. 2,917 scholars. Pop. 9,025. iVIadison, county, la. Situated a little N. E. of the centre of the slate, and contains 390 sq. ms. Drained by White r. and its branches, which afford water power. The surface is level, and the soil fertile. It has some wet prairies. Capital, Andersontown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,798, sheep 6,436, swine 21,579; wheat 46,991 bush, produced, rye 1,5.58, Indian corn 375,715, oats 60,867, potatoes 17,624, sugar 47,887 pounds ; 2 stores, cap. $60,350 ; 3 tanne- ries, 2 distilleries, 2 potteries, 1 flouring m., 7 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. hi manufac. $28,465. 35 sch. 1,120 scholars. Pop. 8,874. Madison, county. 111. Situated toward the s. w. part of the state, and contains 760 sq. miles. The Mississippi r. runs on its v* border. Drain- ed by Cahokia, Silver, and Wood creeks, and their branches. Capital, Edvvardsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 22,039, sheep 13,876, swme 53,484 ; wheat 160,910 bushels produced, rye 18,735, Indian corn 1,370,735, buckwheat 12,355, barley 12,980, oats 209.890, potatoes 121,305, tobacco 11,280 pounds; 4 corami.*sion houses, cap. $22,000; 2 lumber yards, capital $8,500 ; 67 stores, cap. $388,750 ; 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 7 flouring m., 8 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 oil m., 4 printing offices, 3 weekly and 1 periodical newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $210,410. 1 college, 101 students, 2 acad. 144 students, 52 sch. 1,445 scholars. Pop. 14,433. Madison, county. Mo. Situated toward the s. E. part of the state, and contains 780 sq. ms. Drained by St. Francis and Whitewater rivers, and their branches. Capital, Fredericktown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,453, sheep 2,295, swine 12,415 ; wheat 9,746 bushels pro- duced, Indian corn 153,510, oats 36,331, potatoes 3,031, tobacco 9,850 pounds ; 8 smelting houses produced 1,263,455 pounds of lead; 2 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $12,306. 11 sch. 244 scholars. Pop. whites 2,762, slaves 611, free col'd 22 ; total, 3,395. AIadison, county. Ark. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 1,050 square miles. Drained by White r. and its branches. Capital, Sevierville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,341, sheep 2,675, swine 11,634; wheat 4,132 bushels produced, Ind. com 146,755, oats 4,518, potatoes 7,249, tobacco 14,280 pounds, cotton 2,690, sugar 1,027 ; 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,560. 2 sch. 53 scholars. Pop. whites 2,692, slaves 83 ; total, 2,775. Madison, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 40 n. Augus- ta, 635 W. Situated on the e. side of Kennebec r. The soil is fertile. Incorporated in 1804. It has 4 stores, cap. $4,300 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §2,250. 16 sch. 697 scholars. Pop. 1,701. Madiso.n, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 56 s. Hart- ford, 320 W. It is situated on Long Island sound. Incorporated in 1826. The soil is stony and rough, but is made fertile by the use of wiiile fish, as a manure, which are taken ofl' the coast in great numbers, for 3 or 4 months in the year. Ship building is a considerable business here. The v. is situated on one street, running parallel to the coast, and at a short distance from it, and contains a Congregational church, and Lee's Academy, a flourishmg institution, named in honor of a benefactor. There are in the t. 11 stores, cap. §11,700 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $3,.500. 1 acad. 60 students. 13 sch 488 scholars. Pop. 1,788. MAD 371 MAD Madison, p-t., Madison co., N. Y., 93 w. by n. Albany, 365 W. The surface is elevated and rolling ; soil, clay and gravelly loam. Drained by the head waters of Chenango r. and Oriskany or. It occupies the summit level of the Chenan- go canal, wliich passes through the t. Tlie v. is on the Cherry Valley turnpike, and contains 1 Baptist and 1 Universalist church, 2 stores, 90 dwellings, and about 500 inliabitants. Incorpo- rated in 1816. The t. has 4 stores, cap. §15,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,900. 15 sch. 398 scholars. Pop. 2,344. M.\Disox, p-v., Morris CO., N. J., 58 .\. Trenton, 223 W. It contains about 40 dwellings, many of them neat, and is surrounded by a well cultiva- ted country. Madison, p-o., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 179 w. Harrisburg, 203 W. Madison, t., Columbia co.. Pa., 10 n. Danville. The surface is mostly mieven ; soil, loam and clay. Drained by Little Fishing and Mahoning creeks. It lias 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 3 tanneries, 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,340. 6 sch. 212 scholars. Pop. 1,700. Madison, t., Armstrong co., Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. .$8,000 ; 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,902. 3 sch. 64 schol- ars. Pop. 1,365. Madison, t.. Perry co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tan- nery, 2 distilleries, 6 flouring m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,188. 7 sch. 315 scholars. Pop. 1,299. Madison, p-t., Lake co., O., 190 n. e. by n. Columbus, 319 W. Situated on both sides of Grand river. It contains the v. of Unionville. Large quantities of iron are manufactured into holiOW-WLire, mUl irons, &c., and exported. It has 9 stores, cap. §11,800; 3 tanneries, 1 distil- lery, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$5,950. 20 sch. 1,250 scholars. Pop. 2,800. Madison, t., Clark co., O. It contains the v. of South Charleston. It has 1 1 sch. 309 scholars. Pop. 1,115. Madison, t., Columbiana co., O. It has 3 sell. 100 scholars. Pop. 1,474. Madison, t., Butler co., O. It has 4 sch. Ill scholars. Pop. 1,935. Madlson, t., Fayette co., O. It has 3 stores, cap. $11,000; 4 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 765. Madison, t., Franklin co., O. Watered by Alum, Big Walnut, and Black Lick creeks. The surface is rolling. Pop. 1,810. Madiso.n, t., Fairfield co., O. It has 1 store, cap. $200 ; 6 grist rn., 8 saw m. Pop. 1,102. Madison, t., Guernsey co., O. It contains Winchester and Antrim villages. It has 1 col- lege, 16 students, 4 sch. 171 scholars. Pop. 1,222. Madison, t., Jackson co., O. Watered by Symmes' cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,900; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $800. 1 sch. 23 scholars. Pop. 724. 3Iadison, t.. Licking co., O. Situated on both sides of Licking r., and of the Ohio canal. It has 3 schools, 74 scholars. Pop. 1,119. Madison, t.. Highland co., O. It has 9 sch. 707 scholars. Pop. 1,916. 3Iadison, t., Pickaway co., O. It has 3 saw m., 5 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 850. Madison, t.. Perry co., O. It has 1 store, cap. $800 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 distilleries, 2 flour- ing m., 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,630. 6 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 1,167. Madison, p-v., Rockingham co., N. C, 116 n. w. Raleigh, 296 W. Madison, p-v., capital of Morgan co., Ga., 41 N. N. w. Milledgeville, 625 W. It contains a court house, jail, masonic hull. 2 academies, 1 male and 1 i'emale, to wliich a library is attached, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, a num- ber of stores, and 60 or 70 dwellings. Madison, p-v., city, and capital of Jefferson county, la., 88 s. s. e. Indianapolis, 560 W. Situ- ated on the N. shore of the Ohio r., at an eleva- tion which secures it from the highest floods. It is regularly laid out with broad streets, paved or macadamized. The houses are mostly of brick, neat and elegant. It contains a court house, jail, market house, 6 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist Episcopal, 1 Methodist Reformed, 2 Presbyterian— 1 branch of the state bank with a handsome edifice, 1 savings bank, 1 insurance office, 50 stores, 2 iron foundries, a steam engine fac, 1 cotton fac, 1 steam flouring m., 1 oil m., I grist m., and 1 saw m., 1 boat yard, and 3,798 inhabitants. 15,000 hogs have been slaughtered here in a year. In the rear of the v. are hills, 250 feet high, which afford a beautiful prospect. 3Iadison, t., Montgomery co., la. It has 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 463. Madison, t., Putnam co., la. It has 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,300. Pop. 1,071. Madison, t., Sevier co.. Ark. It has 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,200. 1 sch. 26 scholars. Pop. 265. Madison, p-v., Madison co.. 111. Madison, p-v., and capital of Dane co., and of the ter. of Wisconsin, 90 n. e. Galena, 90 w. Milwaukie, 847 W. It is beautifully situated on a peninsula, between the 3d and 4ih lake of the chain called the Four Lakes, on a gentle swell of ground, i'rom which there is a regular descent each way to the water. It is regularly laid out, with a central square of 914 feet on a side, in the centre of which is tlie slate house, erected by the general government. It is a spacious stone edi- fice, 2 stories high above the basement, with a handsome dome ; and can be seen from the dis- tance of 10 miles in every direction. The square is surrounded by a fence, with 16 gates, for which congress has appropriated $1,000. It con- tains a jail, several places of worship, 2 printing oflice.s, each of which issues a weekly newspa- per, 10 or 12 stores, 60 dwellings, and, in 1840, 376 inhabitants. In June, 1837, the contractor with 40 men and 5 females arrived here, having, in 1 1 days, cut their way through the wilderness, from Milwaukie, and commenced the building of the capital. This distance is now travelled in 2 days. The grovvlh of the place has been rapid, having chiefly been since tiie spring of 1811, and its prosperity is sub.«tantial. Madison, t., Clarke co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 528. Madison, t., Polk co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 13 scholars. Pop. 1,000. Madison, t., Livingston CO., Mo. Pop. 350. Madison, t., Johnson co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 28 scholars. Pop. 453. Madiso.v, p-v., Monroe co.. Mo., 83 n. Jeffer- son City, 943 W. Madison, C. H., p-v., and capital of Madison CO., Va., 97 n. w. Richmond, 98 W. It contauLs a court house, jail, 2 churches — 1 Episcopal. 1 free to all denominations — 6 stores, 5 flouring m., 2 tanneries, 40 dwellings, and 300 inhabitants. Madison, C. H., p-v., capital of Madison co., Flor. It contains a court house and a few dwell- ings. Madison Centre, p-o., Madison t, Somerset CO., Me., 43 N. Augusta, 638 W. Madison Cross Roads, p-o., Madison co., Ala., 172 N. N. E. Tuscaloosa, 723 W. MAI 372 MAI Madison Springs, p-v., Madison co., Ga., 99 n. Blilledgeville, 597 W. Here is a spring, strongly impregnated with iron, and efficacious in many complaints. It has a spacious hotel, capable of accommodating 150 or 200 persons. Madisonville, p-v., Columbia t., Hamilton co., O., 8 N. E. Cincinnati, 120 s. w. by w. Columbus, 492 W. It is situated 6 ms. n. of Ohio river, and contains 1 church and 1 academy, both of brick, 5 stores, 100 dwellings, and about 600 inhab- itants . Madisonville, p-v., capital of Hopkins co., Ky., 127 vv. s. w. Frankfort, 729 W. Situated on elevated land, between Green and Tradewater rivers. It contains a court house, and 51 inhab- itant.s. Madisonville, p-v., capital of Monroe co., Tenn., 172 e. s. e. Nashville, 540 W. It contains a court house and several dwellings. Madisonville, p-v., Madison co.. Miss., 20 n. N. E. Jackson, 990 W. Situated 2 ms. n. vv. of Pearl r. BIadisonville, p-v., Ralls co , Mo., 96 n. n. e. Jefferson City, 900 W. Madisonville, p-v., and seaport, St. Tammany parish. La., 35 n. New Orleans, 1,137 W. Situa- ted on Chefonte river, a little N. of the n. side of Lake Pontchartrain. Madrid, t, Franklin co., Me., 105 n. w. Au- gusta. Incorporated in 1836. Watered by head branches of Sandy r. The soil is fertile, adapted to wheat. It has 4 tanneries, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 7 sch. 151 scholars. Pop. 368. Madrid, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 235 n. N. w. Albany, 505 W. The surface is gently undulating; soil, a rich loam. Drained by Grass r., and several small streams, flowing into the St. Lawrence r., which bounds it on the n. w. Sev- eral islands ui the St. Lawrence r. belong to it. It has 17 stores, cap. $71,200 ; 4 fulling m., 2 tan- neries, 1 paper fac, 8 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $84,086. 27 sch. 1,195 scholars. Pop. 4,511. Mad, r., O., a large eastern branch of the Great Miami r., rises in Logan co., and after a course of 50 miles falls into the 3Iiami at Dayton. It has a rapid and broken current, and affords extensive water power. Mad River, t.. Champaign co., O. Situated on the head waters of Mad r. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,250 ; 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufactures $3,000. Pop. 1,S94. Mad River, t., Clarke co., O. Situated on the proposed route of Mad river and Lake Erie rail- road. Pop. 1,340. Magazine, t.. Pope co.. Ark. It has 1 store, cap. $550. Pop. 241. Magnolia, p-o., Chautauque t., Chautauque CO., N. Y., 346 w. by s. Albany, 333 W. Magnolia, p-o., Harford co., Md. Magnolia, p-o., Stark co., O., 128 n. e. Colum- bus, 311 W. Magnolia, p-o., Putnam co.. 111., 103 n. Spring- field, 796 W. Mahomet, p-o.. Champaign co.. 111., 87 e. by N. Springfield, 704 W. Mahanoy, r.. Pa., rises in Schuylkill co., and, after a course of 50 ms., falls into the Susquehan- na, 11 ms. below Sunbury. Mahanov, p-o.. Upper Mahanoy t., Northum- berland CO., Pa., 4!3 N. Harrisburg, 155 W. It con- tains a store, and 8 or 10 dwellings. Mahantango, r., rises in Schuylkill co., and falls into the e. side of the Susquehanna r., 18 ms. below Sunbury. Mahoning, t., Mercer co.. Pa., 16 s. vv. Mer- cer b. The surface is level ; soil, clay and loam. Drained by Mahoning r. It has 19 stores, cap. $35,000 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 furnaces, 5 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 potteries, 11 grist in., II saw m. Capital in manufac. $8,009. aO sch. 663 scholars. Pop. 3,099. Mahoning, t., Columbia co.. Pa. Bounded s. by Susquehanna r. The surface is diversified ; soil, clay and gravel. Drained by Mahoning cr., which flows into Susquehaima r. It has 10 stores, cap. $103,800 ; 1 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 1 brewery, 1 printing office. Cap. in manufac. $51,370. 2 acad. 41 students, 6 sch. 314 scholars. Pop. 1,927. Mahoning, r., O. and Pa., rises in Portage co., passes Warren in Trumbull co., O., and joins Beaver r. in Pa., through which it enters the Ohio river at Beaver. The Pennsylvania and Ohio canal is constructed along this r. in its lower part. Mahoning, p-t., Indiana co.. Pa., 173 vv. by n. Harrisburg, 226 W. The surface is hilly; .soil, clay. Drained by Great and Little Mahoning crs., on the latter of which iron ore is found. U has 7 stores, cap. $16,100; 2 tanneries, 3 distil- leries, 7 grist m., 8 saw m. Capital in manufac. $11,810. 1 sch. 41 scholars. Pop. 2,890. Mahoning, p-o., Stark co., O., 142 n. e. Co- lumbus, 305 W. Maiden Creek, p-t., Berks co.. Pa., 60 e. Har- risburg, 153 W. The surface is level ; soil, cal- careous loam. Drained by the Schuylkill river, and Maiden creek, its tributary.. It contains 1 church, common to Lutherans and Presbyterians, and 1 Friends church. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,640. Pop. 1,749. Maiden Spring, p-o., Tazewell co., Va., 295 w. Richmond, 350 W. Maidstone, t., Essex co., Vt., 8 n. Guildhall, 54 N. e. Montpelier. It lies on the w. side of Con- necticut r. There is some good land along the r. Watered by Paul's stream, which flows into ("on- necticut r. Maidstone lake, 3 ms. long and half a mile wide, has its outlets into Paul's stream. It has 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $200. 3 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 271. MAINE. Maine, the northeastern of the United States, is bounded n. by Lower Canada ; e. by New Brunswick, from which it is separated by the St. Croix river, and a line due n. from the monu- ment, at the source of the St. Croix river, as designated and agreed to by the commissioners, under the 5th article in the treaty of 1794, between the governments of the United States and Great Britain ; thence n., following the exploring line run and marked by the surveyors of the two gov- ernments in the years of 1817 and 1818, under the 5th article of the treaty of Ghent, to its intersec- tion with the St. John's river, and to the middle of the channel thereof; thence up the middle of the main channel of said river St. John, to the mouth of the river St. Francis ; thence up the mid- dle of the channel of the said river St. Francis, and through the lakes through which it flows to the MAI 373 MAI ^^ outlet of the lake Pohenagamook ; tiience southwesterly, in a straight line to a point in the n. w. brancli of the river St. John, which point shall be 10 miles distant from the main branch of the St. John, in a straight line, and in the nearest direciion ; but if the said point shall be found to be less than 7 miles from the nearest point or crest of the highlands, that divide the rivers which empty themselves into the river St. Lawrence from those which fall into the river St. John, to a point 7 miles in a straight line from the said summit or crest ; thence in a straight line in a course about s. 8° w. to the point where the parallel of lat. 4(3° 25' n. intersects the s. w. branch of the St. John ; thence southerly by the said branch to the source thereof in the highlands at the Metjarmette por- tage ; thence down along the said highlands which divide the waters which empty themselves into the St. Lawrence from those which fall into the Atlantic ocean, to the head of Hall's stream; thence down the middle of said stream till the line thus run intersects the old line of boundary surveyed and marked by Valentine and Collins previously to the year 1774, as the 45° of N. lat., and which has been known and understood to be the line of actual division between the states of New York and Vermont on the one side, and the British province of Lower Canada on the other ; and from the said point of intersection vv. along said dividing line, as heretofore known and understood, to the Iroquois, or St. Lawrence river. Such are the terms of the late treaty, now rati- fied by both governments, and which has happily settled a controversy of a quarter of a century The Ime designated as the old line, run as the 45° of n. lat., is found to be about 1 mile n. of the true line of 45° n. lat. Maine is bounded s. by the Atlantic ocean. This state lies between 43° 5' and 47° 20' n. lat., and between 66° 50' and 70° 55' w. Ion. It is computed to contain 30,000 sq. miles, or 19,200,000 acres. It was under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts until 1820, when it was made an independent state. The population in 1790, was 96,540 ; in 1800, 151,719 ; in 1810, 228,705 ; in 1820, 298,335 ; in 1830, 399,955 ; in 1840, 501,793. Of these 252,989 are free white males ; 247,449 do. females ; free colored males, 720 ; do. females, 635. Employed in agriculture, 101,630 ; in commerce, 2,921 ; manufactures, 21,879 ; navigating the ocean, 10,091 ; learned professions, 1,889. Augusta, at the head of sloop navigation on the Kennebec river, 50 miles from its mouth, is the seat of government. This state is divided into 13 counties, which, with their population and capitals, are as follows : York, 54,034, Alfred; Cumberland, 68,658, Portland; Lincoln, 63,517, Wiscasset ; Hancock, 28,605, Ellsworth ; Washington, 23,327, Machias ; Kennebec, 55,823, Augusta ; Oxford, 33,351, Paris; Somerset, 33,912, Norridgewock ; Penobscot, 45,705, Bangor; Waldo, 41,509, Belfast; Piscataquis, 13,133, Dover ; Franklin, 20,801, Farmington ; Aroostook, 9,413, Houlton. These counties contain about 498 townships, or settlements, some of which have but few inhabitants. Maine is an elevated country, but generally uneven and hilly rather than mountanious. On the western side of the state, east of the White mountains in New Hampshire, an irregular chain of highlands extends eastwardly to the north of the sources of the Kennebec and Penobscot rivers, and passing south of the sources of the Aroostook river terminates on the eastern boundary of the United States, at an elevated peak, denominated Mars Hill. This chain of highlands the British claimed as the most northern boundary of the United States. Katadin mountain is the most ele- vated summit of the chain. This peak is about 70 miles n. of Bangor, between the e. and w. branches of the Penobscot river. It is 5,335 feet high. Another chain of highlands extends in a N. w. direction from near the N. w. source of Connecticut river, dividmg the waters which flow northwardly into the St. Lawrence, from those which flow southwardly into the Atlantic ocean and the bay of Fundy, which is a branch of it. This is a continuous, though somewhat irregular chain, probably nowhere less than 1,400 feet high, and is clearly the northern boundary of the United States, as settled by the treaty of 1783. Where the new road from Hallowell -t Quebec crosses this chain, it is 2,000 feet high. Though not very elevated, the interior of Maine rises so rapidly from the seacoast as to preclude the flow of the tide far hiland, though few other states of the Union are more completely traversed by navigable rivers. The rest of I\Iaine is hilly, though tlie hills are not generally very elevated. The tract of coun- try along the seacoast, to the extent of from 10 to 20 miles from it, and to a greater width in the s. w. part, is very various, and generally rather a poor soil, though in some places it is tolerably fertile. The best land in the state is between the Penobscot and Kennebec rivers, where it is excellent. The mountainous region in the n. w. has a poor soil. East of the Penobscot river, the soil is not of a superior quality, excepting about the sources of the St. John's river and its tributary streams. The principal productions are grass, Indian corn, wheat, barley, rye, and flax. The uncleared lands are of great extent, and furnish an immense amount of pine and other lumber, which, in the form of masts, plank, boards, and limber, is exported to a great extent, particularly from Ihe terri- tory bordering on and e. of the Penobscot river. From other parts of the state near the navigable rivers, a great amount of wood for fuel is sent to Boston and the other principal towns on the shore of Massachusetts. Fish, potashes, beef, and pork, are also extensive articles of export. According to the statistics of the census of 1840, there were in Maine 59,208 horses and mules, MAI 374 MAI 327,255 neat cattle, 619,264 sheep, 117,336 swine. There were produced, 818,166 bush, of wheat, 355,161 of barley, 1,076,409 of oats, 137,941 of rye, 950,528 of Indian corn, 10,392,330 of potatoes, 601,358 tons of hay, 1,465,551 pounds of wool, 257,464 of sugar. The value of the products of the dairy was $1,496,902, and of lumber $1,808,683. The amount of wheat and Indian corn had been greater in some previous years. Previously to the year 1807, when the wars in Europe gave to the United States a great share of the carrying trade of the world, commerce was so profitable, and the facihties for carrying it on in Maine were so great, that agriculture was greatly neglected for this superior source of wealth ; but afterward, when an embargo, and non-intercourse, and war, crippled the resources of commerce, the inhabitants of ]\Iaine were driven from tlie seaboard on to the lands in the interior ; and from that time the agricultural resources of the state have been more extensively developed. Much of the land is well adapted to grazing, and cattle and sheep are raised in great perfection. Sometimes the crop of Indian corn suffers from the shortness of the season. Among the fruits, apples, pears, plums, and melons, succeed well. The facilities which Maine enjoys for commerce are very great. Tlie rivers are extensively navigable, and numerous bays and inlets on the coast, protected as they often are by islands, furnish more good harbors than are found in any other state in the Union. Ships are extensively built, not only for their own use, but for a foreign market. The fisheries furnish employment to many of the inhabitants, and are not only a source of wealth, but a nursery of seamen. Lime is exported, chiefly from Thomaston, to the amount of about $1,000,000 annually. A fine building granite, chiefly from Hallowell, which is of a light color, is also extensively exported. Maine, in point of shipping, is the third state in the Union. The climate of Maine, though subject to great extremes of heat and cold, is generally favorable to health. The cold of winter, though severe, is steady, and is less injurious to the constitution than the sudden changes so frequent in many parts of the country. Near the ocean the heat of summer is greatly tempered by the sea breezes. The season of vegetation, at its greatest length, extends from April 21st to October 16th, though the vigor of vegetation does not continue more than three months and a half. In July 9th, 1838, the therniomeler rose to 100° above zero, and on January 26th, 1837, it sunk to 27° below zero, which may be regarded as the extremes of temper- ature. Such extremes are of short continuance. Maine has a number of fine rivers. Among these is the Penobscot, 250 miles long, and naviga- ble for large ships to Bangor, 52 miles from the ocean. The tide here rises from 20 to 25 feet, and is of itself sufficient to float large ships, and greatly facilitates the entrance and departure of ves- sels. The Kennebec has a course of about 250 miles, and is navigable for large ships to Bath, 12 miles from the ocean ; and for vessels of 150 tons to Hallowell, 40 miles from the sea ; and for sloops of 100 tons 2 miles further, to Augusta ; and for boats to Waterville, 18 miles above Augusta. The Androscoggin rises in New Hampshire, but runs chiefly in Maine, and unites with the Ken- nebec, 20 miles from the ocean. The Saco rises in the White mountains in New Hampshire, but soon enters Mame, and, pursuing a southeastwardly direction, discharges itself into Saco bay. It is navigable for ships 6 miles to Saco falls. The Damariscotta is chiefly an arm of the sea, has a tide of 10 feet, and is navigable for large vessels 18 miles to Nobleboro. The Sheepscot is a small river, with a large bay at its mouth, which forms the harbor of Wiscasset, one of the finest in the state. All these, above the navigation for vessels, as well as many others, have numerous falls, and furnish many excellent mill seats. The Piscataqua river forms the boundary oi' Maine on the west, but runs chiefly in New Hampshire. Maine has numerous lakes and ponds in the interior. The largest lakes are Moosehead, which is 50 miles long, and from 10 to 15 broad ; and Urabagog, which lies partly in New Hampshire, and is 18 miles long and 10 broad. But so numerous are the smaller lakes and ponds, that it is compu- ted that one tenth of the surface of the state is covered with water. The coast of Maine abounds with islands, the largest of which is Mount Desert, in Frenchman's bay, and is 15 miles long and 12 broad. Long island. Deer i^-land, and Fox islands, are on the w. side of Penobscot bay. The principal bays are Penobscot, 30 miles long and 18 wide ; Casco bay, extending 20 miles between Cape EHzabeth and Cape Small Point, containing many islands ; and Passamaquoddy bay, lying between Maine and New Brunswick, 6 miles deep and 12 wide. The shores of Maine are bold and rocky, and have many inlets. The most commercial cities and towns are Portland, (city,) on Casco Bay, the third in commer- cial importance in New England ; Bangor, (city,) on the Penobscot ; Hallowell, on the Kennebec ; Thomaston, on the St. George river ; Bath, on the Kennebec ; Belfast, on a branch of Penobscot bay ; and Wiscasset, on a bay at the mouth of the Sheepscot. Besides these, the other large towns are Augusta, Gardiner, Brunswick, Waldoborough, Frankfort, Prospect, Bucksport, Camden, Gor- ham, NVells, and Eastport. The exports of Maine for the year ending September, 1840, were $1,018,259, and the imports were $628,762. There were in Maine, in 1840, 70 commercial and 14 commission houses engaged MAI 375 MAI in foreign trade, employing a capital of $1,6 16,926 ; and 2,220 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $3,973,593 ; 2,068 persons were employed in tiie lumber trade, with a capital of $305,830 ; 123 persons were employed in internal transportation, who, with 56 butchers, packers, &c., used a capital of $95,150 ; 3,610 persons were engaged in the fisheries, with a capital of $526,967. Though manufactures are not a primary object of attention in Maine, they have not been ne- glected. The amount of home-made or family manufactures in 1840, was $:i04,397. There were 24 woollen manufactories employing 532 persons, producing goods to the amount of $412,366, and employing a capital of $316,105 ; 6 cotton manufactories, with 29,736 spindles, employing 1,414 per- sons, producing goods to the amount of $970,397, with a capital of $1,398,000 ; 16 furnaces produced 6,122 tons of cast iron, and 1 forge for bar iron, employing 48 persons, and a capital of $185,950 ; 15 persons produced 50,000 bushels of salt, with a capital of $25,000 ; 280 persons produced granite and marble to the amount of $98,720 ; 6 paper mantifactories employed 89 persons, producing to the amount of $84,000, with a capital of $20,600 ; 37 persons manufactured tobacco to the amount of $18,150, with a capital of $6,050; hats and caps were made to the value of $74,174, and straw bonnets to the value of $8,807, together employing 212 persons, and a capital of $28,050 ; 395 tan- neries employed 754 persons, and a capital of $571,793 ; 530 other leather manufactories, as saddle- ries, i, county, Va. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 875 sq. ms. Ohio r. bounds it on the n. and w. Watered by Great Kanawha r. and its tributaries, and small creeks flowing into Ohio r. The surface is broken ; soil, generally fertile. Salt is found near Ka- nawha r. Capital, Point Pleasant. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,889, sheep 9,292, swine 17,169; wheat 69,503 bush, produced, rye 1,914, Ind. com 298,720, potatoes 20,316, tobacco 9,47ci pounds, sugar 27,108; 11 stores, cap. $33,500; 4 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,050. 11 sch. 241 scholars. Pop. whites 5,923, slaves 808, free col'd 46; total, 6,777. Mason, county, Ky. Situated toward the n. E. part of the state, and contains 260 sq. ms. The Ohio r. bounds it on the n. Drained by North Lick, a branch of Licking r. Capital, Washington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1 1,315, sheep 21,340, swine 29,551 ; wheat 220,73S bush, produced, rye 24,250, Ind. corn 666,526, oats 91,804, potatoes 20,630 ; hemp and flax 1,065 tons; tobacco 1,122,749 pounds; 11 commission houses, cap. $113,900; 63 stores, cap. $416,100; 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,100 sp., 8 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 1 brewery, 3 potteries, 4 rope fac, 18 flouring m., 19 grist m., 4 saw m., 2 printing offices, 3 weekly and 1 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. .$210,915. 1 acad. 70 students, 36 sch. 1,006 scholars. Pop. whites 1 1,138, slaves 4,30y, free col'd 272; total, 15,719. Mason, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 44 s. s. w. Concord, 450 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, fenile, particularly in the w. part. Drained by Souhegan r. and branches of Nashua r. Char- tered in 1768, first settled in 1751. It has 3 stores, cap. $1,400 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 2,048 sp., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $29,700. 10 sch. 357 scholars. Pop. 1,275. Mason, p-o., Warren co., O., 93 s. w. Colum, bus, 477 W. Mason, t., Lawrence co., O. Symmes' or. runs near its w. border and once enters the t. It has 6 sch. 86 scholars. Pop. 635. M.\soN, t., Cass CO., Mich. The soil is fertile, well adapted to grain. It has 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 318. Mason, t., Ingham co., Mich. It has 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 273. Mason, p-v., Clinton co.. Mo. Mason, t., Marion co.. Mo. It has 4 sch. 155 scholars. Pop. 1,953. Mason Centre, p-v., Ingham co., Mich., 85 w. by N. Detroit, 571 W. Situated on Syca- more cr., and contains 1 store, 1 saw m., and several dwellings. Mason Hall, p-o.. Orange co., N. C, 49 n. w. Raleigh, 283 W. Mason Hall, p-o., Obion co., Tenn., 153 w. Nashville, 835 W. Mason Grove, p-o., Madison co., Tenn., 149 s. w. Nashville, 834 W. Masontown, p-o., Fayette co.. Pa., 190 s. w Harrisburg, 198 W. Mason Village, p-v., Mason t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 44 s. s. w. Concord, 450 W. Mason viLLE, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., HI s. w. Albany, 313 W. The surface is hilly and mountainous, with a large growth of pine and other timber. Drained by small branches of Sus- quehanna and Delaware rivers. The v. contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, 35 dwelhngs, and about 200 hdiabitants. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,050. 11 sch. 455 scholars. Pop. 1,420. Masonville, p-v., Lauderdale co., Ala., 145 N. Tuscaloosa, 770 W. MASSACHUSETTS. Massachusetts, one of the eastern United States, is bounded n. by Vermont and New Hamp- shire ; E. by the Atlantic ; s. by the Atlantic, Rhode Island, and Connecticut ; and w. by New' York. It lies between 41° 23' and 43° 52' n. lat., and 69° 50' and 73° 10' w. Ion. It is 190 miles long and 90 broad, containing about 7,500 sq. ms., or 4,800,000 acres. The population in 1790 was 383,727; in 1800,422,815; in 1810, 472,040; in 1820, 523,287; in 1830, 610,408; 1840, 737,699. Of these 360,679 were free white males ; 368,351 do. females; 4,654 free colored males ; 4,015 do. females. Employed in mining, 499 ; in agriculture, 87,837 ; in commerce, 8,063 ; in manufactures and trades, 85,176; navigating the ocean, 27,153; do. rivers, &c., 372 ; learned professions, 3,804. The capital, and the largest town in New England, is Boston, situated on a small peninsula iii Boston bay This state is divided into 14 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and capitals, are as follows : Suffolk, 95,773, Boston ; Essex, 94,937, Salem, Newburyport, and Ipswich ; Middlesex, 106,611, Cambridge, Concord, and Lowell; Worcester, 95,313, Worcester; Hampshire, 30,897, MAS 390 MAS Northampton; Hampden, 37,366, Springfield ; Franklin, 28,812, Greenfield; Berkshire, 41,745, Lenox; Bristol, 60,164, New Bedford und Taunton ; Plymouth, 47,373, Plymouth; Barnsta- ble, 32,548, Barnstable; Dukes, 3,958, Edgartown ; Nantucket, 9,012, Nantucket; Norfolk, 53,140, Dedham. There are several ranges of mountains, wliich come from Vermont and New Hampshire, and cross the western part of the state into Connecticut. To the e. of these mountains the country is hilly, except in the southern counties, where it is level and sandy. On the seacoast, the land is generally poor, particularly in the s. e., but by a skilful cultivation, it is made in many parts to produce well. The rest of the state has generally a strong, good soil, well adapted to grazing and to grain. The lands in the valleys of the Connecticut and liousatonic rivers have an excellent soil. In no state in the Union has agriculture been more improved than in Massachusetts. The principal productions are grass, Indian corn, rye, wheat, oats, and potatoes. Beef, pork, butter, and cheese, of an excellent quality, are extensively produced. Apples are found in great quantities, and are extensively made into cider. Peaches, pears, plums, and cherries are cultivated with suc- cess. In 1840 there were in this state, 61,484 horses and mules ; 282,574 neat cattle ; 378,226 sheep ; 143,221 swine; poultry to the amount of $178,157; there were produced 157,923 bushels of wheat; 165,319 of barley ; 1,319,680 of oats ; 536,014 of rye ; 87,000 of buckwheat ; 1,809,192 of Indian corn; 941,906 pounds of wool; 254,795 of hops; 5,335,652 bushels of potatoes; 569,395 tons of hay ; 2,432 of hemp and flax ; 1,741 pounds of silk cocoons ; 579,227 of sugar. The value of the products of the dairy was $2,373,299 ; of the orchard, $389,177 ; of lumber, $344,845. Massachusetts is a great commercial state. The fisheries of the United States are chiefly car- ried on by her citizens. The principal articles of export are fish, beef, pork, lumber, flax seed, whale oil, spermaceti, and her manufactures. Marble is extensively exported from West Stock- bridge, and granite from Quincy. Her manufactures of cotton cloths, boots and shoes, leather, wrougiit and cast iron, woollen cloths, straw bonnets, hats, cabinet work, paper, and oil, are extensive. Lowell, which was unknown by name 20 years ago, has become the 3Ianchester of America, and, supported by its manufactures, has become the second place in population in the state. Muskets are extensively manufactured at the national armory in Springfield. In its shipping, Massachusetts is the first state in the Union, and has one third of the whole tonnage of the country. The state debt at the close of 1840 was $5,149,137. The climate of this state is favorable to health, and about 1 in 7 of the inhabitants live to 70 years of age. The extremes of temperature are from 20 degrees below to 100 degrees above zero ; but such extremes are rare and of short continuance. The principal rivers are the Connecticut, which has a winding course of 50 miles in this state. Deerfield and Westfield rivers enter it from the west, and Jliller's and Chickapee rivers from the east. The Housatonic rises in Berkshire county, in the western part the state, and flows into the state of Connecticut, The Merrimac has a course of 50 miles in the n. e. part of the state, and enters the ocean at Newburyport. It is navigable for large vessels, 15 miles to HaverWll. Massachusetts bay extends from Cape Ann on the N., 40 miles, to Cape Cod on thes., and includes Boston and Cape Cod bays. Buzzard's bay, on the s. shore of the state, is 30 miles in length. Boston harbor is one of the finest in the world, easy of entrance, safe and capacious, and easily and well defended. New Bedford, on Buzzard's bay, has a fine harbor. The other commercial towns are Salem, Newburyport, Gloucester, and Nantucket. The other principal towns are Lowell, Plymouth, Worcester, Springfield, Pittsfield, and Northampton. There are several important islands off the s. shore of Massachusetts. The largest is Nantucket, 15 miles long and 11 broad, which of itself constitutes a county of its own name. Martha's Vine- yard, to the w. of Nantucket, is 20 miles long, and from 2 to 10 broad. This, with Elizabeth Isl- ands, in Buzzard's bay, and some other small islands, constitutes Dukes county. The exports of this state in 1840 amounted to $10,186,261, and the imports to $16,513,853. There were in 1840, 241 commercial and 123 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, em- ploying a capital of $13,831,517; and 3,625 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $12,705,038 ; the lumber trade employed 3,432 persons, and a capital of $1,022,360 ; internal trans- portation employed 799 persons, and with 480 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $407,8.50; the fisheries employed 16,000 persons, and a capital of $11,725,850. The manufactures of Massachusetts are not less distinguished than its commerce. The value of family and home-made manufactures in 1840 was $231,942 ; there were 207 fulling mills, and 144 woollen manufactories, employing 5,076 persons, producing goods to the amount of $7,082,898, and employing a capital of $4,179,850; 278 cotton manufactories, with 665,095 spindles, employing 20,923 persons, producing articles to the amount of $16,553,423, and employing a cap. of $17,414,099: 48 furnaces produced 9,3.32 tons of cast iron, 67 forges, rolling mills, &c., produced 6,004 tons of bar iron, the whole employing 1,097 persons, and a capital of $1,232,875 ; 82 paper manufactories, em- ploying 967 persons, produced articles to the amount of $1,059,930, and other paper manufacture.s MAS 391 MAS to the amount of $56,700, and the whole employed a capital of $1,082,800; 463 persons produced salt to the amount of $376,596 bushels, with a capital of $502,1)80 ; hats and caps were manufac- tured to the amount of $918,43S, and straw bonnets to the amount of $821,646, the whole employ- ing 6,656 persons, and a capital of $602,292 ; 355 tanneries employed 2,446 persons, and a capital of $1,024,699 ; paints and drugs were produced to the amount of $405,725, and turpentine and var- nish to the amount of $25,820 ; 1,532 saddleries, and other leatlier manufactories, produced articles to the amount of $10,553, S26, and employed a capital of $3,318,544 ; 4 glass houses, employing 372 persons, prochiced articles to the amount of $471,000, with a capital of $277,000 ; 20 potteries, em- ploying 71 persons, produced articles to the amount of $44,450, with a capital of $27,975 ; 2 sugar refineries produced articles to the amount of $1,025,000 ; chocolate was manufactured to the amount of $31,500 ; and confectionery to the amount of $137,300 ; 14 powder mills employed 69 persons, and produced 2,315,215 pounds of gunpowder, with a capital of $255,000 ; 913 persons produced macliinery to the amount of $926,975 ; 1,109 persons produced iiardware and cutlery to the amount of $1,831,163 ; 37 distilleries produced 5,177,910 gallons, and 7 breweries produced 429,800 gallons, employing 154 persons, and a capital of $963,100 ; 397 persons produced 50 cannon and 22,652 small- arms ; 1,402 persons produced carriages and wagons to the amount of $803,999, with a capital of $334,660 ; 274 persons wrought granite and marble to the amount of $217,180 ; and 758 persons man- ufactured bricks and lime to the amount of $310,796 ; mills of various kinds employed 1,803 per- sons, and manufactured to the amount of $1,771,185, with a capital of $1,440,152 ; ships were built to the amount of $1,319,994 ; 51 rope walks employed 672 persons, producing articles to the amount of $852,200, with a capital of $555,100; furniture employed 2,424 persons, producing $1,090,008; 246 persons manufactured musical instruments to tlie amount of $243,760, with a capital of $555,100 ; 324 brick and 2,249 wooden houses employed 2,947 persons, and cost $2,767,134. There were 104 printing offices, 72 binderies, 10 daily newspapers, 67 weekly, and 14 semi-weekly, and 14 periodi- cals, the whole employing 922 persons, and a capital of $416,200. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures was $41,774,446. Massachusetts has 3 colleges and 2 theological seminaries. Harvard University, at Cambridge, is the oldest and best endowed institution of the kind in the United States, having been founded iu 1633, eighteen years after the first tree was felled, and the first log house was erected in the wilder- ness by the Pilgrim Fathers of New England. Williams College, at Williamstown, in the n. e. corner of the state, was founded in 1793, and is a flourishing institution. Amherst College was founded in 1821, and has had an unexampled growth, ranking with the first colleges in New Eng- land. The Theological Seminary, at Andover, is the best endowed, and one of the most flourish- ing institutions of the kind in the United States, and is under the direction of the Congregational- ists. The Baptists, also, have a flourishing theological institution at Newton. All these institu- tions had, in 1840, 769 students. There were in the state, 251 academies and grammar schools, with 16,746 students ; 3,362 primary and common schools, with 160,257 scholars. There were 4,448 per- sons over 20 years of age who could neither read nor write. These, as is the case in most of the states, are principally made up of foreign immigrants. The principal religious denominations are the Congregationalists, the Baptists, the Methodists, the Episcopalians, and the Universalists. In 1836, the Orthodox Congregationalists had about 350 churches, 320 ministers, and 50,000 communicants. The Unitarians had about 120 ministers ; tlie Baptists had 129 churches, 160 mmisters, and 20,200 communicants. The Episcopalians had 1 bishop and 37 ministers ; the Universalists had 100 congregations and 44 mmisters. Besides these, there are a few Presbyterians, Christ-ians, Roman Catholics, and Friends, and .some others. In November, 1839, Massachusetts had 118 banks, with an aggregate capital of $34,485,600, and a circulation of $7,875,322. This state has a penitentiary at Charlestown. JIassachusetts has been fully awake to the subject of internal improvement. The Middlesex canal, connecting the flierrimac river, 2 miles above Lowell, with Boston harbor at Charlestown, is 27 miles long, and was completed in 1808, at a cost of $528,000. This was the first canal, of any considerable length, attempted in the United States. The Hampshire and Hampden canal contin- ues the Farraington canal from the n. line of Connecticut, 22 miles, to Northampton, making the whole length of the canal from New Haven 76 miles. Blackstone canal, 45 miles long, connects Worcester with Providence, R. I., and was completed in 1828, at a cost of $600,000. Quincy rail- road, completed in 1327, for the transportation of granite from the quarry. Smiles, to Neponset river, was the first work of the kind in the United States ; so late has been this species of improvement. The rails are of timber, faced with iron. Boston and Lowell railroad is 25 miles long, with a branch from Wilmington to Haverhill, 18 miles, and is extended to Dover, N. H. From Lowell, the road is continued, 15 miles, to Nashua, and thence to Concord, N. H. From Haverhill the road is con- tinued through New Hampsliire to Maine. The Eastern railroad extends, 33 miles, from Boston to Newburyport, and is extended to Portsmouth, N. H., and thence to Portland, Me. Boston and Providence railroad was uicorporated in 1831, and opened in 1835, is 42 miles long, with a branch MAS 392 MAT of 2 miles to Dedham, and another of 11 miles to Taunton, which, under the name of the Old Colony railroad, is continued to New Bedford. The Worcester railroad, 43 miles, constitutes a section of the great Western railroad, which is extended to Albany. The Worcester and Norwich railroad extends 59 miles, and connects with a steamboat navigation to the city of New York. The government of Massachusetts consists of a governor, lieutenant-governor, senators, and representatives, chosen annually by the people, and they meet annually at Boston, on tiie first Wednesday of January. The senate consists of 40 members, chosen by districts. From these, a council of 9 members is elected, by joint ballot of the legislature. By a modification of the con- stitution in 1837, it was ordained that every town having 300 ratable polls at the last preceding de- cennial census of polls, may elect 1 representative ; and for every 450 more, one additional repre- sentative. In towns of less than 300 polls, multiply the polls of the last census by 10, and divide by 300, and the quotient will show the number of years in the decennial period that they shall be allowed to send a representative. Where there is a surplus of polls over a sufficiency for one or more representatives, multiply the surplus by 10, and divide by 450, and the quotient will show how many years of the decennial period they shall be allowed an additional representative. The Plymouth colony was first settled by the Puritans, who landed in Plymouth in December, 1620. In 162S the foundation of the Massachusetts colony was laid by the settlement of Salem and Charlestown, and in 1630, of Boston. In 1692, these colonies were united, and have so continued ever since, under the name of Massachusetts. The American revolution began at Boston and in the vicinity, and this state bore a prominent part in that memorable struggle. The first regular bat- tle, that of Breed's Hill, commonly called Bunker Hill, in Charlestown, was fought on the 17th of June, 1775. On the 17th of March, 1776, the British were compelled to evacuate Boston. In 1780, a convention of delegates formed the present state constitution. Tliis was revised, with some modifications, in 1820. In 1783, slavery was abolished by law. In 1786, a serious disturbance look place, denominated Shay's rebeUion, which was, after some time, quelled. This state voted in convention, February 6th, 1788, to adopt the constitution of the United States : yeas 187, nays 163 ; majority 19. Massanutten, p-o., Page CO., Va., 138 n. w. Richmond, 106 W. Near it is a beautiful sheet of water on Massanutten mountain, which has an unbroken I'all of near 50 feet, below which the water flows in a deep chasm of limestone rock, with banks nearly perpendicular. The fall pre- sents a beautiful spectacle. Massenna, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 247 N. N. w. Albany, 524 W. The surface is slightly rolling ; soil, rich loam. Watered by Racket and Grass rivers, aflbrding water power, which flow into the St. Lawrence r. tliat bounds it on the N. It contains a sulphur spring of some ce- lebrity. The V. contains 1 Baptist church, 4 stores, 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 2 tanneries, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabit- ants. There are in the t., 9 stores, cap $62,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,390. 17 sch. 740 scholars. Pop. 2,726. Masserxe, mountains, soinetimes called the Ozark mountains, commence near the junction of the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, in Mo., and run in a s. w. direction through the states of Missouri and Arkansas, into Texas. Tliis chain is crossed by the Arkansas and Red rivers. Its highest peak is called Mount Cerne, from which it has derived its name. Massie's Creek, p-o., Greene co., O., 57 w. s. w. Coluiubus, 450 W. The cr. is a considerable mill stream, which rises in Madison co., and falls into Little Miami r., 4 ms. above Xenia. It lias a series of falls for several miles, passing tlirougii a chasm 20 or 30 feet wide and 60 feet deep, which presents a highly romantic appearance. Massii.lox, pv., I'erry t., Stark co., O., 116 n. E. Columbus, 321 W. Situated on the Ohio ca- nal. Laid out in 1S26. It contains 1 Baptist and 1 Episcopal church, 1 bank, 22 stores, 15 warehouses, a great variety of mechanics, 1 flouring m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 printing office, 250 dwellings, and has 1,422. inhabitants. The exports are estimated at over $750,000 ; and the imports are still greater. Bituminous coal is found in the vicinity. Matamora, p-o., Ilardiman co., Tenn., 173 s. w. Nashville, 849 W. Matciiapungo, Inlet, Northampton co., Va., enters a gulf called Broad Water, from the At- lantic, between Prout's and Hog islands. Mathews, county, Va. Situated in the s. e. part of the state on Chesapeake bay, and con- tains 68 sq. ms. It consists of a peninsula be- tween Piankatanck and Mobjack bays. Capital, Mathews C. II. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,181, sheep 2,366, swine 9,214 ; wheat 8,875 bush, produced, Ind. corn 171,290, oats 51,100, potatoes 17,070, cotton 24,590; 20 stores, cap. §33,900; 2 tanneries, 15 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $30,700. 2 acad. 92 students, 12 sch. 257 scholars. Pop. whites 3,969, slaves 3,309, free col'd 174 ; total, 7,442. Mathews, C. H., p-v., capital of Mathews co., Va., 102 E. by s. Richmond, 187 W. i^Iathews Prairie, p-o., Scott co., Mo., 240 S- E. Jefferson City, 857 W. Mathewsvii^le, p-v., Pocahontas CO., Va., 194 w. N. w. Richmond, 221 W. Matimc, isl., Lincoln co., Me. 1 sch. Pop. 19. Matinicus Rock, Lincoln co.. Me. 1 sch Pop. 10. Matildaville, p-o., Parishville t., St. Law- rence CO., N. Y. Mattaponv, r., Va., rises in Spottsylvania co., and is formed by the junction of jVlat, Ta, Po, and Ny river.s. At the s. e. point of King William CO., it unites with Pamunky r. to form York r. Matta.misco.ntis, t., Penobscot co., Me. It has 1 sch. 2-! scholars. Pop. 97. Mattapoisett, p-v., Rochester t., Plymouth CO., Mass., 60 Boston, 441 W. Situated on an inlet from Buzzard's bay, and contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist,'! Universalist— several stores, and 100 dwellings. The inhabit- ants are extensively engaged in the whale fishery. MAU 393 MAY Mattawamkeag, p-0., Penobscot co., Me., 13.) N. E. Augusta, 723 W. Matteawan, v., Fishkill t., Dutchess co., N. Y. Kituateil on Fishkill cr., li ms. from the lauding on Hudson r. It contains the " Highland Gymnasium," a boarding school for boys, 2 churches, G stores, 2 extensive beverteens, moleskin, and fustian fac, employing 600 per- sons, 1 iron foundry and machine shop, em- ploying 400 persons, 1 machine c.ird fac, 1 flour- ing m., 200 dwellings, and about 1,800 inhabit- ants. The cr. has here a fall of 40 feet, atTurding extensive water power, during the whole year. Matthew's Store, p-o., Anne Arundel co., Md. 3Iattituck, p-v., Southold t., Suffolk co , N. Y., 233 s. s. e. Albany, 313 W. It contains a churcli, and 20 or 23 scattered dwellings. Matteson, t., Branch co., Mich. It has 1 sch. 13 scholars. Pop. 170. Mauch Chunk, p t., Northampton co.. Pa., 92 N. e. by e. Harrisburg, 200 vV. The t. be- longs chiefly to the Lehigh navigation and coal company. 'I'he surliice is mountainous ; soil, gravel. Drained by Beaver, 3Iauch Chunk, i\es(iuihoning and Kettle creeks, and Room run. It contains several villages, connccled with the coal business. Mauch Chunk v. is situated on the w. bank of Lehigh r., in a deep and romantic ravine, between rocky mountains, which rise in some parts precipitously, HOJ or 1,000 feet above the stream. Jt co.itains 5 churches — 1 Presljy- terian, 1 Episcopal. 1 Dutch Relbrmed, 1 Metho- dist, and 1 Roman Catholic — 7 stores, 30) dwell- ings, and about 1,S00 inhabitants. About 1,2l)0 of the inhabitants are employed in mining and shipping coal, and there is little agricultural cul- tivation iu tiie neighborhood, the provisions being brouglit from an average distance of 20 miles. An inclined plane, 700 leet long, rising 200 feet, and a railway, y ms. long, extends to tlie great coal mine. About 30 acres have been worked from this single vein, and have produced more than 1,20o,OUl» tons. Here is a village called Coalville, of 40 dwellings, occupied by miners. Below Mauch Chunk the coal is conveyed by the Lehigh canal. The t. bars 7 stores, cap. $41,000; ,} lumber yards, cap. $7,000; I printing oflice, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2^1,000. 6 sch. 363 scholars. Pop. 2,193. Mauchport, p-v., Harrison co., la., 141 s. Indianapolis, 633 W. Mau^ding's Mills, p-o., Wayne co., 111., 147 s. E. Sprhigfield, 766 W. IMaumee, r., O., rises in the n. e. part of In- diana, and flowing N. E., enters Lake Erie, through Maumce bay. It is formed by the junc- tion of Little St. Joseph's, St. Mary's, and Great and Little Auglaize rivers, is about 100 ms. long, and for 3J ms. from its mouth, 70 rods wide. It is navigable for schooners and steamboats, 18 ms. to Perrysburg. In the spring and fall, it is boatable 18 ms. above Perrysburg to Fort \\'ayne. It furnishes extensive water power. The Wa- bash and Erie canal is constructed along its banks. The country on its borders is very pro- ductive. Maumee City, pv., Lucas co., O., 124 n. n. w. Columbus, 453 W. Situated on the w. si le of Maumee r., at the foot o'' the rapids, at the head of navigation from the Lake, for small craft. A side cut here connects the canal with the r. It contains several stores and warehouses, and a considerable number of dwellings. Pop. 810. ' It is designed to remove obstructions in the r., so j as to open a steamboat navigation to this place. I 50 It is laid out on an extensive scale, and promises to be a place of importance. Maurice, r., Gloucester co., N. J., rises in Deptford t., and Franklin t., and flows into Dela- ware bay. It is navigable for 20 ms. for vessels of 8 J or 100 tons. It has fine embanked mea- dows on its borders, and excellent oysters are taken at its mouth. In its upper part it affords water power. Maurice River, t., Cumberland co., N. J., 20 s. e. Bridgeton. The surface is level ; soil, sandy, excepting on the streams, where loam and clay are found. Drained by Tuckahoe and Tarkill creeks, tributaries of Maurice r., which bounds it on the w. Delaware bay bounds it on tbe s. It has several villages on Maurice r. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. l$20,750 ; 2 glass houses, 7 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. hi manulac. $43,060. 8 sch. 2-10 scholars. Pop. 2,143. Mauricetown, p-v., Downe t., Cumberland CO., N. J., 75 s. by w. Trenton, 187 W. It is situated on the w. side of Maurice r., 10 or 12 ms. from its mouth, and contains 1 Methodist church, an academy, a store, and 20 dwellings, many of them neatly built of brick. Maltrv, county, Tenn. Situated a little s. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 370 sq. ms. Drained by Duck r. and numerous tributa- ries. Capital, Columbia. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2;;,614, sheep 27,291, swine 103,175; wheat 13l,0.;7 bush, produced, rye 13,6.9, Ind. corn 2,51i,612, oats 2i8, <3S, potatoes 21,616, tobacco 51,376 pounds, cotton 2,0Jl,676 ; 34 stores, cap. $12\,3M; 2 cotton fac. 796 sp., 10 tanneries, 'Si distilleries, 23 grist m., 20 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly and 2 periodical newspapers. Cap. in manulac. $5J,555. 1 college, 83 stu- dents, 7 acad. 326 students, 2i sch. iJ'd scholars. Pop. whites 17,09J, slaves 10,002, free col'd 94 ; total, 28, Ic'.O. Mavais, p-o.. Gasconade co.. Mo., 28 e. Jef- ferson City, 964 VV. Maxataw.w, t., Berks co.. Pa., 74 n. e. Har- risburg, 163 W. The surface is level ; soil, cal- careous loam and gravel, and highly productive. Drained by Maiden cr. and its tributary, Sa- cony cr., which afford water power. The v. of Kuiztown in the t., contains 1 Lutheran church, 3 stores, and 100 dwellings. There is another church in the t., common to Presbyterians and Lutherans. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $18,000; 1 tannery, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $800. Pop. 1,8J7. 3Iaxfield, pt., Penobscot co.. Me., 112 n. x\. w. Augusta, 707 VV. The soil is fertile, ad.ipted to grain. Watered by Piscataquis r. and Seboois stream. It has 4 saw m. Cap. in manui'ac. $3,500. 4 sch 83 scholar.';. Pop. 183. Maxville, p-v., Sussex co., M. J. Maxwell's Store, p o., Mecklenburg co., N. C, i63 w. s. w. Raleigh, 404 W. Ma V, (cape) N. J. Situated on the n. e. side of Delaware bay, in 3S° 56' n. lat., and 74"^ 56' w. Ion. A light-house stimds on the point. It received its name from v ornelius May, a Dutch navigator, who visited the bay in i6^3. Maybi.nto.v, p-v., iVewberry dist., S. C, 45 w. Columbia, 488 W. Mayfield, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 52 .n. Au- gusta, 657 W. Situated on the e. side of Kenne- bec r., 10 ms. distant from it. Incorporated in 1835. It has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 143 Mayfield, p-t., Fulton co., N. Y., 8 n. e. Johnstown, 5i n. w. Albany, 422 VV. The sur- face is hilly and mountainous; soil, sandy and clay loam. Drained by branches of Sacaiidaga r. The v. contains 1 church, I store, 23 dwell- MA.Y 394 MEC ings, and about 150 inhabitants. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $9,300 ; 2 fulling m., 2 cotton fac, 2 tanneries, 2 paper fac, 4 grist m., 18 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $66,854. 13 sch. 536 scholars. Pop. 2,615. Mayfield, p-o.. Isle of Wight co., Va., 81 s. E. Richmond, 197 W. Mayfield, p-v., capital of Graves co., Ky., 275 w. s. w. Frankfort, 802 W. Situated on a branch of Mayfield's r. It contains a court house and jail of brick, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 150 in- habitants. Mayfield, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 161 n. n. e. Columbus, 349 W. Watered by Chagrine r., on which is situated the v. of Gates' Mills. It con- tains 2 grist m. and 8 saw m. The t. has 2 stores, cap. .$2,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- neries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,400. 6 sch. 280 scholars. Fop. 851. Mayfield, p-o., Warren co., Ga., 35 E, n. e. Milledgeville, 636 W. Situated on e. side of the Ogeechee r. It has 3 or 4 dwellings. Mahew, p-o., Lowndes co.. Miss., 157 n. e. Jackson, 900 W. Mayo, p o., Halifax co., Va., 143 s. w. Rich- mond, 2.iO W. Mayoning, p-v., Patrick co., Va., 217 w. s. vv. Richmond, 2'-J2, W. Situated on a branch of N . Mayo r. May River, p-o., Beaufort dist., S. C, 164 s. Columbia, 651 W. May's Landing, p-v., Hamilton t., capital of Atlantic co., N. J., 73 s. Trenton, 183 W. Situ- ated on Great Egg Harbor r., at the head of sloop navigation, 16 ms. from the ocean. It is built on both sides of the r., and contains a court house, 1 Methodist cliurch, 4 stores, and about 3.) dwellings. Ship building is carried on here. It has considerable trade in wood and lumber. May's Lick, p-o.. Mason co., Ky., 70 e. n. e. Frankfort, 473 W. 3Iaysville, p-v., capital of Buckingham co., Va., 7-J w. Richmond, 153 W. Situated on the s. E. side of Slate r. It contains a court house, 5 stores, and about 300 inhabitants. Maysville, p-v., Greenbrier co., Va., 232 w. Richmond, 269 W. Maysville, t., Morgan co., O. It has 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 6 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 1,159. Maysville, city. Mason co., Ky., 81 n. e. by E. Frankfort, 461 W. It is situated on the s. side of Ohio r., on a narrow bottom between the r. and the high hills wiiich rise in its rear. It has 3 streets, running parallel with the r., and 4 crossing them at right angles. It contains 3 churches, 1 acad., 70 students, 3 sch. 200 scholars, about 5 10 dwellings, and 2,741 inhabitants. It has a good harbor for boats. Most of the goods imported into the n. e. parlof the state are landed here. Thi^re were in i840, 9 commission hou:=es, cap. $111,600; 29 stores, cap. $133,000; alum- bar yards, cap. $10,500; 1 cotton fac. 1,100 sp., 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 2 priming offices, 3 weekly and 1 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in man n fac. $94,300. Maysville, p-v., L>ick.son co., Tenn., 49 w. Nashville, 733 W. Maysville, p v., Fountain co., la., 84 w. n. W. Indianapolis, 642 W. Maysvillk, p v., capital of Clay CO., 111., 122 S. E. Springfield, 733 W. Situated on the border of Twelve Mile prairie, near ihe Little Wabash r. It contains a court house, 3 stores, and about 25 dwellings. Mayville, p-v., Chautuuque t,, capital of Chautauque co., N. Y., 344 w. by. s. Albany* 339 W. Situated at the n. end of Chautauque lake. It contains a neat court house, and jail of stone, 4 churches, an academy, 8 stores, 80 dwell- ings, and about 500 inhabitants. A steamboat plies on the lake, 32 ms. between this place and Jamestown. Maytown, p-v., Donnegal t., Lancaster co., Pa., 30 s. E. by e. Harrisburg, 108 W. Situated 3 ms. N. E. of Susquehanna r. It has several stores, and about 30 dwellings. Medois Farm, p-o., Muskingum co., O., 60 e. Columbus, 345 W. Mead, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part of the state, on Ohio r., and contains 360 sq. ms. Watered by Otter cr.. Spring cr., and other small tributaries of the Ohio. Capital, Brandenburg There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,714, sheep 7,045, swine 12,586; wheat 41,5.17 bush, pro- duced, rye 2,208, Ind. corn 19J,223, oats 75,529, potatoes 9,199, tobacco 170,464 pounds ; 17 stores, cap. $59,400; 2 lumber yards, cap. $1,980; 1 fulling in., 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,370 sp., 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$lu3,150. 10 sch. 257 scholars. Pop. whites 4,366, slaves 1,409, free col'd 5 ; total, 5,780. Mead, t., Crawford co.. Pa. It has 1 pottery, 1 paper fac, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $6,900. 1 college, 143 students, 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 1,697. Mead, t., Belmont co., O. Situated a little w. of Ohio r. Drained by Pipe or., which affords water power. It has 3 sch. 81 scholars. Pop. 1,496. Mead's Basin, p-o., Passaic co., N. J., 73 N. N. E. Trenton, 214 W. Mead's Creek, p-o.. Orange t., Steuben co., N. v., 211 w. by s. Albany, 300 W. Meadowville, p-v.. Smith co., Tenn., 55 e. N. E. Nashville, 65S W. It contains 1 church, 1 store, and several dwellings. Meadville, p-b., and capital of Crawford co., Pa., 231 N. w. by w. Harrisburg, 307 W. Situ- ated on the E. side of French cr. The town plat gradually rises from the r. to its centre, where is a handsome public square of 5 acres, on the e. side of which is an elegant court house, of brick and cut stone, ornamented with a handsome cu- pola. It contains 7 churches, 1 Baptist, 1 Epis- copal, 2 Presbyterian, 1 Cum'd do , I Methodist, 1 Unitarian, an academy, and a state arsenal. It is the seat of Alleghany College, which was founded in 1815, has a president, and 4 professors or other instructors, 100 students, and 8,000 vols, in its libraries: a portion of the students adopt I the manual labor system. It has 14 stores, cap. $104,300; 1 fulling mill, 2 furnaces, 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly news- papers, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,055. 3 schools, 163 scholars. Pod. 1.319. Meadville, p-v., Halifax co., Va., 136 s. w. Richmond, 223 W. Meadville, p-v., capital of Franklin co., Miss., 8) s. w. Jackson, 1,!j9j W. Situated on the w. side of llomochitio r., and contains a court house, and a few dwellings. Meansville, p-v.. Union dist., S. C, 81 n. w. Columbia, 475 W. Meahs Farm, p-o., Hamilton co., O., 130 s. w. Columbus, 504 W. Mecca, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 180 n. e. Co- lumbus, 314 W. It has 7 sch. 244 scholars. Pop. 6;U. Mechanic,!., Holmes co., O. It has 4 grist m., 4 saw in. Cap. in manufac $S,416. Pop. 1,403. MEC 895 MED Mechanic Grove, p-o., Clarke co., Ala., 126 s. Tuscaloosa, 918 W. Mechanicsburg, p-b., Cumberland co., Pa.. 9 E. Carlisle, 6 s. w. Harrisburg, 105 W. It con- tains a church, and about 10 ) dwelling.'?. Incor- porated in I8i-t. It has 4 stores, cap. !iii25,00U ; 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 1 printing office. 1 weekly newspaper, 9 flouring m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,845. 4 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 670. 3Iecha\!csburg, p-v., Goshen t., Champaign CO., O., 36 w. by n. Columbus, 429 W. Situated near the head of Little Darby cr., and contains 5 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 35 dwellings, and 258 inhabitants. Mechanicsburg, p-v., Giles co., Va., 248 w. RicluTiond, 3)8 W. Mechanicsburg, p-v., Sangamon co., 111., 15 K. Springfield, 765 W. Situated in a prairie, near Clear cr. Mechanics Falls, p-v., C'umberland co.. Me. Mechanics Hill, p-o., Moore co., N. C, 79 s. w. Raleigh, 353 W. Mechanicstown, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 89 N. w. Annapolis, 60 W. Mechanicstown, p-v.. Fox t., Carroll co., O., 133 E. N. E. Columbus. Mechanicsville, p v., Rutland co., Vt., 82 s. S. w. Montpelier, 465 W. Mechamcville, p-v., Stillwater t., Saratoga CO., N. Y., 19 N. Albany, 33J W. Situated on the w. side Hudson r. and contains 2 churches, 5 stores, 1 cotton lac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 1 plaster ra. The Champlain canal passes through it. Mechanicsville, p-o., Bucks co.. Pa., 104 e. Harrisburg, 166 W. 3Iechanicsville, p-v., Louisa co., Va., 70 n. w. Richmond, 114 W. Mechanicsville, p-v., Sumter dist., S. C, 78 E. Columbia, 504 W. Mechanicsville, p-v., Jasper co., Ga., 45 w. Milledgeville, 652 W. Situated H ms. e. of the Ocuiulgee r. Mechanicsville, p-v., Rutherford co., Tenn., 30 s. E. Nashville, 6S0 W. Mechan:c.wille, p-v., Kemper co., Miss. 3IECHISSF.S, p-t., Wasliington co.. Me., 157 e. by n. Augusta, 743 W. Situated on both sides of E. Machias r. which affords extensive water power. The v. at the falls is at the head of tide- water, and contains various mills, and Washing- ton Academy, which has an edifice 59 by 38 feet, 2 stories high, a library and philosophical apparatus, and a productive fund of .$14,000. The t. contains 12 stores, cap. §50,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §46,150. 1 acad. 161 students, 8 sch. 46J scholars. Pop. 1,395. Mecklenburg, county, Va. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 610 sq. ms. Staun- ton and Dan rivers unite in tiie w. part of tliis co., to form the Roanoke r., by which, and its tributa- ries, it is watered. Meherin r. forms its n. boundary. Capital, Boydton. There were in 1340, neat cattle 13,93S, sheep 14,109, swine branches of which it is watered. Surface undu- lating, soil, very productive. It contains several rich gold mines. Capital, Charlotte. There were in 1S40, neat cattle 18,541, sheep 19,519, swine 33,065 ; wheat 78,315 bush, produced, rye 2,0 J5, Ind. corn 5S6,92-J, oats 61,407, potatoes 14,412, cotton 1,595,3^7 poimds ; 32 stores, cap. $179,7 :i8 ; 2 smelting houses for goid, 9 tanneries, 15 distilleries, 11 flouring m., 23 grist m., 3i saw m., 1 printing office, 1 bindery, 1 weekly news- paper. Cap. in manufac. $16,63). 1 college, SI students, 5 acad. 181 students, 25 sch. 475 scliolars. Pop. wliites 11,830, slaves 6,322, free col'd 101 ; total, 18,273. Mecklenburg, p-v.. Hector t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 174 w. by s. Albany, 307 W. It contains 3 cliurciies — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 3 stores, 1 grist in., 3 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 1 tannery, 1 pump lac, 1 buck- skin mitten and glove fac, 59 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. Mecklenburg, p-v., Knox co., Tenn., 12 e. by s. Kno,xville, 183 E. Nashville, 503 W. Situ- ated on tiie E. side of Ilolston r., a little above the junction of French Broad r. Mecostv, county, Mich. In tlie central part of the state, drained by the Maskegon r. and branches. It is unorganized. Medfield, p-i., Norfolk CO., Ma.ss., 21 s. s. w. Bo.ston, 425 W. Watered by Charles and Stop rivers. Chartered in 1539. Tiie v. contains 1 Congregational, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Baptist church, and about 40 dwellings. One mile e. of the v. is one of the oldest houses in New England, which was known to be standing when most of the t. was burned by the Indians in 1676. It is one story high, with a sleep roof, sufficiently iiigh for 2 other stories. It is a curious relic of antiquity. The t. has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 6 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 3 sch. 190 scholars. Pop. 833. Medford, p-t., 3Iiddlesex co., Mass., 5 n. w. Boston, 445 W. Situated at the head of naviga- tion, on IMystic r. The soil is fertile and highly cultivated. It contains many fine country seats. It has considerable ship building. The v. con- tains 4 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Tnitarian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Universalist. The Middlesex canal passes through tlie t. There are 9 stores, cap. $27,600 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $33,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 1 grist in., 2 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $117,037. 1 acad. 48 students, 8 sch. 579 scholars. Pop. 2,473. Medford, p-v., Evesham t., Burlington co., N. J., 31 s. E. Trenton, 155 W. It contains 1 large Friends church, 4 stores, and about 40 dwellings. Medicinal Springs, p-o.. Walker co., Ga., 209 N. w. Milledgeville, 630 W. Medicine Creek, p-o., Livingston co.. Mo., 151 N. w. Jefferson City, 1,045 W. Medina, county, O. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 425 sq. ms. Drained by the head waters of Black and Rocky rivers. The surface is moderately uneven, and the soil is fertile. Capital, Medina. There were in 1840, neat cattle 19,263, sheep 31,450, swine 2J,939; 31,938 ; wheat 77,444 bush, produced, Ind. corn i wheat 219,433 bush, produced, rye 5,339, Indi.an 472,315, oats 221,107, potatoes 25,107, tobacco 4,124,131 pounds, cotton 19,051; 30 stores, cap. $303,100; 1 furnace, 4 tanneries, 17 flouring m., 32 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $43,923. 1 college, 8 ) students, 7 acad. 136 students, 15 sch. 331 scholars. Pop. whites 7,754. slaves 11,915, free col'd 1,055; total, 20,724. Mecklenburg, county, N. C. Situated to- ward the s. w. part of the state, and contains 900 corn 188,460, buckwheat 5,320, b:iriey 3,175, oats 133,563, potatoes 112,664, sugar 3i5,501 pounds ; 31 stores, cap. $]:)3,900; 1 furnace, 8 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 17 tanneries, 1 distillery, 14 grist m., 51 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly news- papers. Cap. in manufac. $107,92S. 2 acad. 99 students, 97 sch. 3,743 scholars. Pop. 18,352. Medina, p-v., Ridgeway t., Orleans co., N. Y., 262 w. by n. Albany, 397 W. Situated on sq. ms. Catawba r. runs on its w. border, by ; the Erie canal, at the junction of Oak Orchard ME[ 396 MEN cr., which is used as a feeder. Incorporated in 1832. It contains 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Calhohc — 15 stores, 6 warehouses, 3 flouring m., 3 saw m., 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 1 furnace, 1 clothier's works, 130 dwellings, and about 800 inii;ibitants. Medina, pt., and capital of Medina co., O., 117 N. E. by N. Columbus. 3.31 W. The v. is situated on a commanding eminence, and contains a hand- some brick court house, in which the public offi- ces are kept, a brick jail, 2 churches, 10 stores, cap. $34,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. C^ap. in manufac. $1,200. 2 sch. 147 scholars. Pop. 675. There are in the t., exclu- sive of the v., 1 slorc, cap. $1,000; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 distillery, 5 sch. 199 scholars. Pop. 896. Medixa, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich., 81 s. w. Detroit, 510 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,700; 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. 6 sch. 165 scholars. Pop. 760. Medo.v, p-o., Madison co., Tenn., 146 w. s. w. Nashville, 831 VV. Medvvay, p-t., Norfolk co., Mass., 23 s. w. Boston, 413 VV. Watered by Charles r., which afTords good water power. The v. contains 3 stores, 3 cotton fac, 1 woollen fac, and 40 dwejl- ing.s. The t. contains 4 churches — 2 Congrega- tional, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Baptist. Incorporated in 1713. The t. has 8 stores, cap. $12,i50; 6 cotton fac. 2,85'J sp., 4 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac i|36,8i)0. 3 acad. 150 students, 8 sch. 495 scholars. Pop. 2,043. Meuway, v.. Liberty co., Ga. Situated on the stage road from Savannah to Darien, and con- tains a church and several dwellings. Medybemps, p o., Washington co.. Me. IVIeegisse, county, Mich. Situated on the e. of Grand Traverse bay. It contains several lakes and small streams. (Unorganized.) MEEii's Hill, p-o., York dist., S. C, 86 n. Columbia, 437 W. Meesville, p-v., Roane co., Tenn., 142 e. by s. Nashville, 551 W. Meherin, r., Va., rises in Charlotte co., and running e. through several counties, enters N. C, and unites witli Nottawayr. to form Chowan r. Meiioopanv, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa., 160 n. w. Harrisburg. 3Ieigs, county, O. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, bounded e. by Ohio r., and contain 4^5 sq. ms. Watered by Shade and Leading creeks. Organized in 1819. Capital, Chester There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,747, sheep 16,i60, swine 12,427 ; w'heat 93,5.J5 bush prod., Indian corn 193,327, oats 72,059, potatoes 34,90^ ; 35 stores, cap. $44,350 ; 1 fulling m., 9 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 21 grist m., 33 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $106,720. 82 sch. 2,601 schol- ars. Pop. 11,452. Meigs, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 215 sq. ms. The Tennessee r. bounds it on the w. Surface, hilly ; soil, fertile. Capital, Decatur. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,163, sheep 4,242, swine 17, 141 ; wheat 26,926 bush, produced, rye 2,108, Indian corn 307,789, oats 51,362, potatoes 4,038, tobacco 19,565 pounds, cotton 10,773 ; 12 stores, capital $30,550; 1 forge, 7 tanneries, 23 distilleries, 15 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,708. 14 sch. 'Mb scholars. Pop. whites 4,493, slaves 234, free col'd 12 ; total, 4,794. Meigs, t., Adams co., O. Situated a few miles N. E. of West Union. It has 5 stores, cap. $4,200: 1 furnace, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m. Cap. in man- izfac. $1,450. 1 sch. 24 scholars. Pop. 1,063. Meigs Creek, p-o., Morgan co., O., 78 e. by s. Columbus, 333 W. Meigsville, p-v., Jackson co., Tenn., 82 e. by N. Nashville, 639 W. Situated on w. side of Cumberland r. Meleck's Mills, p-o., Perry co., O., 54 e. Columbus, 365 W. Mellonville, p-v., Claverack t., Columbia CO., N. Y,, 37 .s. Albany, 349 W. It contains 1 church, 1 store, 2 flouring m., 1 carpet fac, and a few dwellings. Melmore, p-v., Eden t., Seneca co., 0., 82 n. Columbus, 416 W. Situated on the n. bank of Honey cr. Meluose, p-v., Clarke co., III., 152 e. s. e. Spruigfield, 636 VV. It contains about 20 dwell- ings. Meltonsville, p-v., Anson co., N. C, 160 s. vv. by w. Raleigh, 454 W. Meltonsville, p-v., Marshall co., Ala., 169 N. E Tuscaloosa, 637 VV. Melvin Village, p-v., Strafford co., N. H., 49 E. by s. Concord, 530 W. Memphis, p-v., Shelby co., Tenn., 230 w. s. vv. Nashville, 915 W. Situated on an elevated bluff on the Mississippi r., immediately below the mouth of Wolf or Loosahalchie river. It is regu- larly laid out, and contains 4 churches — 1 Pres- byterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — 1 academy, 3 printing oflices, each issuing a weekly newspaper, 53 stores, 550 dwell- ings, und 3,300 inhabitants. Its commerce is ex- tensive, being equal to that of any town between St. Louis and New Orleans. A railroad is in operation to Lagrange, a part of the Charleston and Memphis railroad. Me.mpiiis, p-v., Lewis co.. Mo., 184 n. by e. Jefferson City, 951 W. Mempiire.magog, lake, Vt., is between 30 and 40 miles long, and from 2 to 3 miles wide, and lies mostly in Canada, only 7 or 8 miles of the s. end being in Vt. It covers about 15 sq. miles in Vt., and receives Clyde, Barton, and Black rivers. Its waters are discharged through St. Francis r. into Laiie St. Peters, an e.xpansion of St. Lawrence r., 15 miles below the mouth of Sorell r. On an island, 2 miles within the Can- ada line, is found a quarry of novacidate, known by the name of " magog oil stone," wliich is in high repute. Menallen', p-t., Adams co., Pa., 43 s. w. Har- risburg, 89 W. It has 6 stores, cap. $12,500; 1 fulling ni., 1 distillery, 8 flouring m., 8 grist m., 23 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac $5,000. 11 sch. 440 scholars. Pop. 2,269. 3Ienallan, t., Fayette co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,300; 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac $3,870. 5 sch. 169 scholars. Pop. 1,377. Menan, Petit, or Little Menaa island. Me., lies off the harbor of Steuben, in the Atlantic, 3 s. s. E. Goldsborough harbor. It has a light- house, the tower of which is 25 feet high. Grand Menan, a large island, lies off Passamaquoddy bay, and is in the British dominions. Menases Gap, p o., Warren co., Va., 136 n. by w. Richmond, 79 VV. Me.n'ard, county. III. Situated a little n. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 260 square miles. Drained by Sangamon r. and its branches. Capital, Petersburg. I'here were in 1340, neat cattle 7,096, sheep 6,244, swine 23,000; wheat 21,671 bu.sh. produced, Indian corn 39.1,90), oats 55,150, potatoes 13,352, tobacco 2,190 pounds : 6 stores, cap. $25,300 ; 2 woollen fac, 3 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 7 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $20,100. 17 sch. 407 scholars. Pop. 4,431. MEN 397 MER Mendiiam, pt., IMorris co., N. J., 56 n. Tren- ton, 230 W. The surface is hilly, and on the n. mountainous ; soil, clay and calcareous loam. Drained by head waters of the n. branch of Rari- tan r., and by branches of Whippany r. The v. contains I Presbyterian churcli, a boarding school for boys, 3 stores, 1 grist m., and about 50 dwell- ings. Thei-e are in the t. 4 stores, cap. §8,200 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 308 sp., 2 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $29,800. 3 acnd. 95 students, 5 schools 183 scholars. Pop. 1,378. 3IENDON, t., Rutland co., V't., 8 e. Rutland, 47 s. Mnntpelier. The surface is mountainous ; soil, cold, and adapted to grazing. Incorporated in 1804, by the name of Parkerstown. Drained by branches of Otter Creek r. It has 1 tannery, 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,075. 6 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 545. Mendon, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 33 s. w. Boston, 406 W. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, generally fertile. Watered by 3Iill and Blackstone rivers. There are 9 churches — 3 Con- gregational, 2 Restorationist, 1 Free-will Baptist, 2 Friends, and 1 unoccupied. The v., at the cen- tre, contains 3 churches, and about 50 dwellings. It is on a commanding eminence, with a fine prospect to the e. The t. is the oldest, except Lancaster, in the co., having been chartered in 1667. Blackstone canal crosses the s. w. part. It has 10 stores, capital $17,800; 5 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 6 cotton fac. 19,008 sp., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 5 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $420,075. 2 acad. 58 students, 10 sch. 215 scholars. Pop. 3,524. BIendon, p-t., Monroe co., N. Y., 12 s. Roches- ter, 210 w. by N. Albany, 356 W. The surface is undulating; soil, argillaceous and calcareous loam. Drained by Honeoye and Irondequoit creeks. The v., situated on the latter, was in- corporated in 1833, and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, an academy, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 35 dweUings, and about 250 inhabitants. There arc in the t. 7 stores, cap. $27,000 ; 1 full- ing m., 2 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m. 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $117,616. 2 acad. 309 students, 22 sch. 1,178 scholars. Pop. 3,435. Mendon, p-o., Mercer co., O., 123 w. n. w. Columbus, 495 W. Mendon, po., Lenawee co., Mich., 75 s. w. Detroit, 515 W. Mendon, p-v., Adams co., 111., 116 w. Spring- field, 8J4 W. Mentor, p-t.. Lake co., O., 169 n. e. Colum- bus, 355 W. Situated on the s. shore of Lake Erie. First settled in 1797. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in mannfoc. $1,135. 13sch.556 schl's. Pop. 1,245. Menomonee, r., Mich., rises in the country s. of Lake Superior, and rims e. by s. about 100 ms., and enters Green Bay. It forms the s. boundary of the upper peninsula, separating it from Wisconsin. Menomonee, t., iMilwaukee co., Wis. Pop. 59. Mentz, t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 8 n. n. w. Au- burn, 156 w. Albany. The surface is undulat- ing; soil, a fertile gravelly and sandy loam. Watered by Owasco inlet and Seneca r., which bounds it w. and n. The Erie canal passes through its centre, crossing Owasco inlet by a stone aqueduct. j>Iontezuma salt works lie a little N. of the canal, and are connected with it by a side cut. It has 25 stores, cap. $65,450 ; 2 commission houses, cap. $4,000; 4 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 3 grist in., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $135 052. 20 sch. 1,326 scholars. Pop. 4,215. MEati.vNEGo, t.., Milwaukee co., Wis. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,500. Pop. 172. Mequon River, po., Washington co , Wis., 97 E. by N. MadLson, 819 W. Mercer, county, N. J. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 260 sq. ms. Dela- ware r. bounds it on the s. w. Drained by As- sunpink cr. and its branches, which flow into Delaware r., and by a head branch of Millstone r., which flows into Raritan r. Capital, Trenton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,036, sheep 8,642, swine 12,758; wheat 43,486 bush, pro- duced, rye 48,399, Ind. com 179,739 buckwheat 32,852, barley 1,767, oats 216,8SS, potatoes 57,531 ; 106 stores, cap. $397,950 ; 8 lumber yards, cap. $62,500; 3 furnaces, 5 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 7 cotton fac 6,500 sp., 4 dyeing and printing estab., 13 tanneries, 11 distilleries, 1 brewery, 1 pottery, 1 rope fac, 9 flouring m., 23 grist m., 22 saw m., 3 oil m., 3 paper fac, 6 printing offices, 4 binde- ries, 3 weekly and 1 seiui-weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $997,355. 8 acad. 279 students, 49 sch. 1,472 scholars. Pop. 21,502. Mercer, county. Pa. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 859 sq. ms. Tlie sur- face is uneven ; soil, fertile, adapted to grain, but better to grazing. Watered by Shenango cr. and its branches, by Mahoning r., and by Deer, Sandy, and Slippery Rock creeks. Capital. Mer- cer. There were in 1840, neat cattle 63,337, sheep 47,006, swine 47,006 ; wheat 310,015 bush, produced, rye 89,877, Ind. corn 254,218, buck- wheat 112,817, barley 1,324, oats 442,865, pota- toes 331,655, sugar 121,214 pounds ; 95 stores, cap. $217,193; 1 lumber yard, cap. $1,200 ; 19 full- ing m., 5 woollen fac, 35 tanneries, 12 distilleries, 3 potteries, 3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspa- pers, 1 flouring m., 73 grist m., 128 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $66,545. 2 acad. 150 students, 207 sch. 7,746 scholars. Pop. 32,873. Mercer, county, Va. Situated toward the s. w. part of the state, and contains 540 sq. ms. New River nms on its e. border. Drained by Blue Stone, and East r., and Lick cr., which flow into New r. Capital, Princeton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,999, sheep 3,825, swine 5,166; wheat 13,229 bush, produced, rye 4,711, Ind. corn 56,254, buckwheat 1,175, oats 28,265, potatoes 7,901, tobacco 3,373 pounds, sugar 8,242; 1 store, cap. $4,500 ; 13 grist m. Cap. in manu- fac. $65,395. 1 sch. 24 scholars. Pop. whites 2,127, slaves 98, free col'd 8 ; total, 2,233. Mercer, county, Ky. Centrally situated to- ward the E. part of the state, and contains 225 sq. ms. Drained by the head waters of Salt r. The soil is very fertile. Capital, Harrodsburg. Tiiere were in 1840, neat cattle 16,778, sheep 29,052, swine 49,032 ; wheat 99,305 bush, produced, rye 36,431, Ind. corn 3,397,406, oats 181,039, potatoes 23,531, tobacco 64,747 pounds, sugar 12,314 ; 35 stores, cap. $187,650 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac 1,040 sp., 9 tanneries, 6 distille- ries, 1 powder m., 9 flouring m., 49 grist m., 21 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, (^ap. in manufac. $163,299. 2 colleges, 24 stu- dents, 3 acad. 140 students, 30 sch. 726 scholars. Pop. whites 13,061, slaves 5,286, free col'd 373; total, 18,720. 3Iercer, county, O. Sititated in the w. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. The sur- face is level ; soil, very fertile. Stones are rarely found on the surface. Drained by St. Mary's and Wabash rivers, and their tributaries. Capi- tal, Celina. There were in 1810, neat cattle 4,224, sheep 1,449, swine 6,907; wheat 18,596, bush, produced, Ind. corn 156,693, oats 31,937, po:4itoes 11,943; 21 stores, cap. $35,720; 1 wool- MER 398 MER len f'ac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,000. 12 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 8,277. Mercer, county. 111. Situated toward the n. w. part of the state, on the Mississippi r., and contains 550 sq. ms. Drained by Edwards and Pope rivers, and the n. fbrlv of Henderson's r. In the middle and e. parts are extensive prairies. There are large tracts of timber along the Missis- sippi r. The surface is undulating, and the .'oil A'ery fertile. Capital, Millersburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,072, sheep ],6SS, swine 9,339; wheat 27,103 bush, produced, rye 1,701, Ind. corn 111,430, oats 20,596, potatoes 11,852, sugar 1,735 pounds; 10 stores, cap. $23,850; 2 woollen fac, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in nianufac. $22,525. 15 sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 2,352. AIercer, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 34 n. n. w. Augusta, 627 W. Sandy r. runs through its n. w. corner. It has 2 large ponds connected to- gether, on its s. border, on the margin of one of which is a pleasant village. Incorporated in 1804. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,400; 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,451. 11 sch. 616 scholars. Pop. 1,432. Mercer, p-b., Springfield t., capital of Mercer CO., Pa., 57 N. by w. Pittsburg, 234 w. n. w. Har- risburg, 277 W. Situated near Neohannock cr. Incorporated in 1814. It contains a court house, jail, an academy, 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Union, 1 Methodist, and 1 Associate Reformed — a manufactory of copperas ; 18 stores, cap. $43,220 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $15,086. 1 acad. 100 students, 4 sch. 13S scholars. Pop. 781. Mercer, t., Butler co.. Pa. It has 6 stores, cap. $20,000; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 dis- tilleries, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,815. 8 sch. 496 scholars. Pop. 1,233. Mercer, p-o., Mercer co., O., 119 w. n. w. Columbus, 499 W. Mercersburg, p-b., Montgomery t., Frankhn CO., Pa., 15 s. w. Chambersburg, 62 s. w. Harris- burg, 85 W. Situated on a branch of Corieco- cheague cr. It contains 4 churches — 1 Presby- terian, 1 combined Lutheran and German Re- formed, 1 Associate Reformed, and 1 Methodist — 6 stores and about 160 dwellings. Incorporated in 183!. It contains Marshall college, founded in 1836, has 4 professors or other instructors, and 54 students. Commencement is on the last Wednesday in August. 1 acad. 54 students, 7 sch. 307 scholars. Pop. 1,143. Merch.\nt Mills, p-o.. Nelson co., Va., 117 w. by N. Richmond, 169 W. Meredith, t., Belknap co., N. H., 29 n. Con- cord. Winnipiseogee lake bounds it on the E., and in the n. part is a large pond connected with it, 2 ms. long and 1 wide, where is a village. Great bay projects into its s. part. Over the out- let of Winnipiseogee lake is a bridge. Here is a neat village, mostly in Guilford, which contains a court house, an academy, a Congregational church, a bank, several mills and manufactories, and about 50 dwellings. The t. has 20 stores, cap. $49,200 ; 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 20 sch. 787 scholars. Pop. 3,351. Meredith, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 6 n. Delhi, 79 w. s. w. Albany, 345 W. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, well adapted to graz- ijig. Drained by Oleout cr., which flows w. into the Susquehaima r., and small streams which flow E. into the w. branch of Delaware r. The V. is situated on elevated ground, and contains I Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, 2 stores, 20 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$6,500. 14 sch. 530 scholars. Pop. 1,641). Meredith Centre, p o., Meredith t., Belknap CO., N. H., 34 N. Concord, 515 W. Meredith Village, p-v., Meredith t., Bel- knap CO., N. H., 37 N. Concord, 518 W. Situated at the outlet of Winnipiseogee lake. (See Mere- dith.) Meredosi.\, p-v., Morgan co.. 111., 53 w. Spring- field, 833 W. Situated on the e. side of Illinois r., 6 ms. above Naples. It is on elevated ground, with a good landing. It contains several stores, 2 steam mills, and about 50 dwellings. It con- stitutes the port of Jacksonville. Meriden, p-v., Cheshire co., N. H., 57 s. w. Concord, 478 W. Meriden, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 16 s. by w. Hartford, 321 W. The surface is hilly or mountainous ; soil, generally fertile. Watered by Quinnipiac r. Incorporated in 1806. The v. contains 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Baptist church, and about 40 dwellings. The t. has a great variety and amount of manufactures. The Hartford and New Haven railroad passes through the place. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $23,500 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 tan- nery, 1 distillery, 2 paper fac, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $111,337. 2 acad. 50 stu- dents, 12 sch. 397 scholars. Pop. 1,880. Meridian, p-o., Ingham co., Mich. Meridian, p-v., Mercer co.. 111., 130 n. w. by N. Springfield, 859 W. Meridian Springs, p-v.. Hinds co.. Miss., 9 N. by w. Jackson, 1,019 W. Situated at one of the sources of Bogue Chitto cr., a branch of Big Black r. Meridianville, p-v., Madison co., Ala., 165 N. N. e. Tuscaloosa, 716 W. Situated on the n. side of Flint r. The Meridian line of the U. S. surveys of Northern Alabama, passes through this piace. Mermentau, r., La., drains the extensive prai- ries of southwestern Louisiana. After a souther- ly course of 200 ms., it falls into the Gulf of Mex- ico, 200 ms. w. of the Mississippi r. The country through which it flows is covered with grass, excepting narrow lines of wood on the r. Live oak is found on its borders. The r. passes through a lake of the same name. It has but 3 feet of water on the bar at its mouth. Merom, p-v., capital of Sullivan co., la., 103 s. w. by w. Indianapolis. Situated on the e. side of Wabash r. It contains a court house, jail, several stores and dwelhngs. Merrillsville, po., Franklin t., Franklin co., N. Y., 174 N. by w. Albany, 549 W. Merrimac, r., N. H., is one of the large riv- ers of New England. It is formed by the union of Pemigevvasset r., which rises near the Notch in the White mountains, with Winnipiseogee r., which proceeds from Winnipiseogee lake. The junction takes place at Sanbornton, 70 ms. below the source of the former, which is the main stream. Its general course is s. by E. until it enters the state of Mass., where it curves to a general course of nearly N. E. and e., until it falls into the Atlantic, a little below Newbury port. It is navigable for vessels of 200 tons to Haverhill. By means of the Middlesex canal from Chelmsford to Boston harbor, and canals and locks around the falls, a boat navigation is opened to Concord, N. H. Boui canal, a few miles below Concord, com- pleted in 1812, cost S2;),0J0; 6 miles further down, Hooksel canal cost $15,000, overcoming a MER 399 MEX fall of 17 feet ; 8 miles below, Amoskeag canal cost, $.50,000, overcoming a fall of 45 feet ; below Amoskeag canal, the r., for 9 miles, is converted into the Union canal, overcoming 6 distinct falls ; 5 ms. below are CromwelVs falls, made passable by a canal. The Union canal, including that of Cromwell's, cost $50,000. 15 ms. below, in Mass., Wicaste canal cost $14,000 ; 3 ms. below is the entrance of the Middlesex canal. There is a number of bridges over the 3Ierrimac. Merrim.\c, county, N. H. Centrally situ- ated toward the s. part of the state, and contains 816 sq. ms. Organized in 1833. The surface is uneven, and in the n. parts mountainous ; the soil is generally fertile. Drained by Merrimac r. and its branches. Capital, Concord. There were in 1S40, neat cattle 35,911, sheep 80,506, swine 12,'285; wheat8),61'2 bush, produced, rye 46,706, Ind. corn 183,284, buckwheat 8,688, bar- ley 5,'i51, oats 173,232, potatoes 685,370, sugar 62,940 pounds ; 113 stores, cap. $333,950 ; 12 full- ing m., 3 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 11,768 sp., 35 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 glass fac, 3 potteries, 42 grist m., 105 saw m., 1 oil m., 5 paper fac, 10 firinting offices, 6 binderies, 1 periodica!, 6 week- y newspapers. Cap. in manufac. .$840,908. 10 acad. 1,094 students, 273 sch. 10,380 scholars. Pop. 36,253. Merrim.vc, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 29 s. Concord, 452 W. Merrimac r. bounds it on the E. Drained by Souhegan r. and its branches, which afford extensive water power. The sur- face is generally level ; soil, in many places, particularly on the Merrimac, fertile. Incorpo- rated in 1746. It has 4 stores, cap. $12,400; 6 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,060. 9 sch. 351 scholars. Pop. 1,114. Merri.mac, t., Franklin co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 245. Merrimac, t., Jefferson co., Mo. It has 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 751. Merrimac, t., St. Louis co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 22 scholars. Pop. 1,782. Merriman, t., Crawford co.. Mo. It has 3 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 1,111. Merrv.meeting Bay, N. H., a s. e. branch of Winnipiseogee lake, 1,600 rods long. Merrvmerting Bav, Me., an expan.sion of Kennebec r., at a junction of Androscoggin river, above Bath. Merritt's Mills, p-o., Cobb co., Ga., 114 N. w. Milledgeville, 670 W. Merrittstown, p-v., Luzerne t., Fayette co.. Pa., 191 w. by s. Hanisbnrg, 207 W. It is situ- ated on Dunlap's cr., and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and about 40 dwellings. Merrittsville, p-v., Greenville dist., S. C., 130 N. w. Columbia, 523 VV. Meriwether, county, Ga. Situated in the w. part of the stale, and contains 400 sq. miles. Flint r. runs on its e. border. Drained on the e. by branches of Flint r., and on the w. by branches of Chattahoochee r. Capital, Greenville. There were in 1810, neat cattle 18,593, sheep 9,lil, swine 41,844; wheat 86,480 bushels produced, rye 1,040, Indian corn 256,115, oats 58,779, pota- toes 20,370, cotton 5,660,222 pounds; 11 stores, cap. $55,000 ; 3 tanneries, 9 grist m., 5 saw m., 4 acad. 155 students, 9 sch. 265 scholars. Pop. whites, 8,725, slaves 5,301, free col'd 16 ; total, 14,132. Merry Hill, p-o., Bertie co.. N. C, 173 e. by N. Raleigh, 264 W. Merry.ma.n's Shop, p-o.. Prince Edward co., Va., 92 w. s. w. Richmond, 182 W. 3Ierry Oaks, p-o., Barren co., Ky., 135 s. vv. Fiunldbrt, 656 W. Merry Point, po., Lancaster co., Va., 83 E. Richmond, 149 W. Mershon's Cross Roads, p-o.. Laurel co., Ky., 85 s. s. E. Frankfort, 555 VV. Mesopotamia, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 171 n. e. Columbus, 322 W. It has 7 sch. 276 scholars. Pop. 832. Messersville, p-o., Gallia co., O., 116 s. E. Columbus, 374 W. Messongo, po., Accomack co., Va., 213 e. Richmond, 182 W. Metal, t., Franklin co., Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 4 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 8 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $15,250. 6 sch. 277 scholars. Pop. 1,113. Metamora, p-o., Lucas co., O., 160 n. n. w Columbus, 491 W. 3Ietamora, po., Franklin co., la., 62 e. s. e. Indianapolis, 526 W. Metamora, t., Lapeer co., Mich. It has 3 sch. 77 scholars. Pop. 350. Metea, p-v., Cass co., la., 84 n. Indianapolis, 622 W. Meteteconck, p-o., Monmouth co., N. J., 48 E. by .s. Trenton, 209 W. Methlten, p-t., Essex co., Mass., 26 n. by w. Boston, 451 W. Situated on the N. side of Mer- rimac r. Chartered in 1725. The surface is un- even ; soil, generally fertile. Watered by Spicket r., which has a fall of 30 feet, 2 miles above its entrance into the Merrimac, affording extensive water power. The v. at the falls contains 3 churches — 1 Congre'gationalist, 1 Baptist, and 1 Universalist — several mills and manufactories, and about 1,000 inhabitants. The t. contains 4 stores, cap. $15,000; 2 cotton fac. 4,588 spindles, 1 tannery, 2 paper fac, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $260,500. 10 sch. 650 scholars. Pop. 2,231. Metropolis City, p-v., Johnson co.. 111., 225 s. s. e. Springfield, 830 W. Metuchin, p-v., Middlesex co., N. J., 32 n. e. Trenton, 198 W. Mexico, Gulf of. A great inland sea, between N. and s. America, 1,000 ms. long and 600 broad, containing 660,000 sq. ms. That part of it which lies within the United States, laves the s. coast of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, and the w. coast of Florida. Mexico, pt., Oxford co.. Me., 42 w. n. w. Augusta, 614 VV. Situated on the n. side of An- droscoggin r., by tributaries of wliich it is water- ed, affording good water power. Incorporated in 1818. The .soil is fertile, adapted to wheat. It has 2 stores, cap. $400 ; 1 tannery. Cap. in manuiiictures $600. 5 sch. 191 scholars. Pop. 477. Mexico, p-t., Oswego co., N. Y., 156 w. n. w. Albany, 381 W. The surface is undulating; soil, a fertile clay, and gravelly loam. Drained by Salmon cr., flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the n. The v. is situated on Salmon cr., and contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an academy, 5 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 tanneries, 1 clothier's works, IiDDLESEX, p-t., Yates CO., N. Y., 194 w. Al- bany. 3J3 W. The surface is slightly hilly ; soil, a fertile gravelly loam, well adapted to grain. Drained by West cr., (lov^'ing into Canandaigua lake, wiiich bounds it on the w. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,550. 12 sch. 610 scholars. Pop. 1,439. Middlesex, t., Butler co., Pa. It has2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 fulling m., 5 grist m., 3 saw mills. Cap. in manufac. $11,825. 9 sch. 345 scholars. Pop. 1,692. Middlesex, p-o., Ashtabula co., O., 206 n. e. Columbus, 343 W. Middlesex Village, pv., Middlesex co., Mass., 23 Boston, 441 W. Middle Smitiifield, t., Monroe co., Pa. It has 1 tannery, 2 grist in., 2 saw m. Pop. 1,144. Middle Spring, p-o., Marion co., O., 54 n. Columbus, 423 W. Middle Sw.vmp, p-o.. Gates co., N. C, 133 e. N. E. Raleigh, 234 W. Middletox, p-t., Straffijrd Co., N. H., 38 n. n. E. Concord, 519 W. The surface is level, but rough. Incorporated in 1778. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 4 sch. 155 scholars. Pop. 482. MiDDLETON, p-t., Essex CO., Mass., 22 n. Bos- ton, 462 W. Situated on both sides of Ipswich r., which afl<>rds water power. Ineorpoi'ated in 1728. It has a paper in., which has manufactured 100 tons of stock in a year, producing to the amount of $35,000. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac Cap. in manufac. $10,000. 4 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 657. MiDDLETON, t., Wood CO., O. It has 1 sch. 54 scholars. Pop. 193. MiDDLETON, p-v., Carroll co., Miss., 102 N. Jackson, 987 W. MiDDLETON, p-v.. White CO., Ark., C2 n. K. Little Rock, 1,08^ W. MiDDLETOWN, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 77 s. s. w. 3Iontpelier, 441 W. Situated between 2 moun- tains. Watered by Poultney r., which affords water power. The soil is adapted to grazing. The V. at the centre contains a Congregational and a Baptist church, several store.s, and a num- ber of neat dwellings. The t. has 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,075. 9 sch. 333 scholars. Pop. 1,077. MiDDLETOWN, t, Newport co., R. I., 23 s. by E. Providence. It is the middle of the 3 town- ships into which Rhode Island is divided. The surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile loam, and hijldy cultivated. Incorporated in 1743. It has 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,800. 5 sch. 148 scholars. Pop. 891. MiDDLETOWN, city, p-t., port of entry, and semi-capital of Middlesex co., Ct., is pleasantly situated on the w. bank of Connecticut r., 34ms. above its mouth, in 41° 33' 8" N. lat., and 72° 39' w. Ion., 14 s. Hartford, 24 .\. e. New Haven, 35 N. w. New London, 326 W. Pop. 1820, 2,618, hicluding the t. 6,479 ; 1830, 2,96d, including the t. 6,892; 1840, 3,511, including the t. 7,010. The ground rises gradually from the river, and the principal streets run parallel with it, and are crossed by others running at right angles with them. Main-street, the principal street, is broad, and has many fine houses and stores. The city is well built, chiefly of brick, and in the back parts are many elevated and fine situations, with a commanding view of the river and surrounding country. It is at the head of ship navigation, and any vessels which can cross the bar at the mouth of the river, can come up to its wharves, which have 10 feet water. It has a daily communica- tion with Hartford and the city of New York by steamboats. A ferry boat connects the city with Chatham. Its public buildings are a handsome court house of Grecian architecture, a fine stone custom house, 2 banks, besides one for savings, a jail, an alra.shouse, and 7 churches — 2 Congrega- MID 406 MID tional, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Uni- versalist, and 1 African. It is the seat of the Wesleyan University, under the direction of the Methodists, founded in 1831. It has a president and 8 professors or tutors, 110 alumni, 80 students, and 6,500 vols, in its libraries. The commence- ment is on the first Thursday in August. The college buildings occupy an elevated position, and command an extensive prospect. The insti- tution has a valuable philosophical apparatus, and is flourishing. The t. extends 9 ms, from n. to s., and is from 4 to 10 broad. It was settled in 1636. It rests chiefly on secondary red sandstone. A range of granite crosses Connecticut r. a little below, and forms the basis of a range of high hills. To the north of the city is a village called Middletown Upper Houses. Middletown has considerable commerce and manufactures. There were in 1840, 37 stores, cap. $269,500 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. .$40,t)00 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cot- ton fac. 11,000 .sp., 1 dyeing and printing estab., 2 tanneries, 1 powder m., 2 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 rope walk, 4 printing offices, I bindery, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 periodical. Capital in manufac. $379,600. 3 acad. 115 students, 33 sch. 1,268 scho- lars. Tonnage of the port, 14,230. Middletown, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 79w. s. w. Albany, 335 W. The surface is mountain- ous; soil, a sandy loam, and productive. Drained by Papacton branch of Delaware r. It lias 8 stores, cap. $16,300 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 7 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap, in manufac. $33,260. 20 sch. 754 scholars. Pop. 2,608. Middletown, v., Orange county, N.Y. (See South Middletown.) MiDDLETOW.N, p-t., Monmouth co., N. J., 51 e. N. E. Trenton, 220 W. The surface on the e., and in the centre, is hilly, elsewhere level. The soil is loam, sand, and clay, made productive by the use of marl. Sandy Hook bay runs s. into the t., and is bounded s. w. by the highlands of Nevisink, and on the K. by the sand beach form- ing Sandy Hook, extending 6 ms. n. from Shrews- bury inlet. Drained by Swimming and Nevisink rivers. The v. contains 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Dutch Reformed, and 1 Baptist — 2 stores, and 30 dwellings, some of them very neat. There are in tlie t, 33 stores, cap. $48,825 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $2,900 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 11 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $65,250. 1 acad. 60 students, 19 sch. 1,239 scholars. Pop. 6,063. Middletown, p-b., Swatara t., Dauphin co., Pa., 10 s. E. Harrisburg, 120 W. Situated near the junction of Swatara and Susquehanna rivers, where the Pennsylvania and Union canals unite. Incorporated in 1829. It contains 2 churches, 7 stores, and 200 dwellings. It has several neat dwellings.and fine stores. Its trade is considera- ble in grain, flour, lumber, coal, and iron. Middletown, t., Bucks co., Pa., 20 n. n. e. Philadelphia. The surfoce is rolling ; soil, clay. Watered by Neshaminy cr., which forms its w. boundary, a tributary of which passes through the t., and Bristol creek. It has 4 stores, capital $15,000 ; 1 acad. 27 students, 2 sch. 17 scholars. Pop. 2,124. Middletown, t., Delaware co.. Pa., 20 w. Philadelphia. The surface is level ; soil, clay and loam. Chester cr. runs on its w. boundary, and Ridley cr. on its e. border. It has 3 store's, cap. $9,300 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 cotton fac. 4,800 sp., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $95,500. 5 sch. 126 scholars. Pop. 1,451. Middletown, t., Susquehanna co.. Pa. Drain- ed by Wyalusing cr. and its branches. The sur- face is hilly ; soil, gravel and clay. It has 1 tan- nery, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,850. 7 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 5S9. Middletown, p-v., New Castle co., Del., 47 N. Dover, 121 W. Situated upon Appoquinimink creek. Middletown, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 8 n. w. by w. Frederick, 83 n. w. Annapolis, 51 W. Situated on Middle cr., a branch of Catoctin cr. Middletown, p-v., Frederick co., Va., 158 n. N. w. Richmond, 87 W. Situated on Meadow run, upon which are several mills. It contains 2 churches, 5 stores, an academy, and about 400 inhabitants, many of whom are employed in the manufacture of wagons. Middletown, p-v., Hyde co., N. C.,219e. by s. Raleigh, 494 W. Middletown, p-v., Butler co., Ala., 162 s. S. E. Tuscaloosa, 904 W. Middletown, p-v.. Lemon t., Butler co., O., 30 N. Cincinnati, 90 w. s. w. Columbus, 480 W. Situated on the e. side of Miami r. The Mi- ami canal passes through the place. It contains 3 churches, 11 stores, 2 pork houses, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 1 academy, 150 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. There is here a toll bridge across the r. Middletown v., Butler t., Columbiana co., O. Pop. 27. Middletown, t., Columbiana co., O. It has 7 sch. 147 scholars. Pop. 1,601. Middletown, p-v., Jefferson co., Ky., 42 w. Frankfort, 584 W. It contains 1 church, and about 200 inhabitants. Middletown, p-v., Henry co., la., 44 e. by n. Indianapolis, 546 W. Situated on the w. side of Fall cr. Middletown, t., Shelby co., la. It has 2 stores, cap. $400. Cap. in manufac. $710. Pop. 70. Middletown, p-v., Logan co., 111., 20 n. e. Springfield, 792 W. Middletown, p-v., Montgomery co., Mo., 57 N. E. Jefl^erson City, 899 W. Middletown Point, p-v., port of delivery, Middletown t., Monmouth co., N. J., 43 e. by n. Trenton, 209 W. Situated on Middletown cr., 3 miles from Rarit.an bay, on an elevated bank, 50 feet above the stream. It contains a Presbyte- rian church, a bank, 10 stores, and about 100 dwellings, many of them neat. It has consider- able trade. MiDDLEviLLE, p-v., Fairfield t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 82 w. N. w. Albany, 401 W. Situated ou both sides of West Canada cr. It contains 1 church, 3 stores, 2 cotton fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 cabinet and chair fac, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. MiDDLEviLLE, p-o., Barry co., Mich., 154 w. by N. Detroit, 619 W. MiDDLEWAY, p-v., Jefferson co., Va., 162 n. by w. Richmond, 72 W. Midland, county, Mich. Situated in the n. e. part of the settled portion of the peninsula, on Saginaw bay, and contains 560 sq. ms. Water- ed by Titibawassee r., and Chippewa r., its trib- utary, which receives Fine r. from the s. Capital, Midland. Mid River, p-o., Caroline co., Va., 57 n. Rich- mond, 76 W. Midway, p-o., Davidson co., N. C, 119 w. Raleigh, 330 W. Midway, p-v., Barnwell dist., S. C.,72 s. s. w. Columbia, 578 W. Midway, p-v., Jones co., Ga., 22 w. Milledge- ville, 657 W. Midway, p-v., Monroe co., Tenn., 164 e. s. e. Nashville, 514 W. MIF 407 MIL Midway, p-v., Woodford eo., Ky., 20 s. e. Frankfort, 542 W. MiuvvAY, p-0., Spencer co., la., 172 s. s. w. Indianapolis, 699 W. Midway, p-v., Barbour co., Ala., 199 s. E. Tus- caloosa, 807 W. Midway Inn, p-o.. Prince Edward co., Va., 85 w. s. w. Richmond, 175 W. MiFFJLiN, county. Pa. Situated near the cen- tre of the slate, and contains 9(X) sq. miles. The surface is uneven and mountainous, but much of the soil is very fertile. Watered by Juniata r., along which proceeds the Pennsylvania canal. Capital, Lewiston. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,933, sheep 11,323, swine 15,002; wheat 3J7,696 bush, produced, rye 47,466, Indian corn 189,451, buckwheat 8,619, oats 2^7,321, potatoes 51,499; 47 stores, cap. $226,800 ; 4 furnaces, 2 forges, 2 fulUng m., 5 woollen fac, 14 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper, 24 grist m., 61 saw m Cap. in manufac. li;227,H65. Pop. 13,092. Mifflin, t., Lycoming co.. Pa. It has 1 dis- tillery, 1 pottery, 3 grist ra., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,400. 5 sch. 445 scholars. Pop. 1,224. Mifflin, t., Alleghany co.. Pa., 8 s. Pittsburg. Bounded on the n. k. and s. E. by the Mononga- hela r. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Drained by Thompson's run, Strut's run, and Peters cr., which flow into the Monongahela. It has 5 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 4 distilleries, 4 flouring m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,900. 5 sch. 130 scholars. Pop. 1,654. Mifflin, t., Cumberland co.. Pa., 17 n. w. Carli.sle. The surface is hilly ; soil, slaty. The Conedogwinit cr. bounds it on the s., and Blue mountains on the n. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,900. 8 sch. 310 scholars. Pop. 1,412. Mifflin, t., Columbia co., Pa. It has 5 stores, cap. $26,300 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $13,478. 5 sch. 148 scholars. Pop. 2,150. Mifflin, t., Dauphin co.. Pa., 23 n. e. Harris- burg. The surface is mountainous on the n. and s. ; soil, red shale. Mahantango mountain bounds it N., and Berry's mountain s. Watered by Wi- conisco cr. It contains a Lutlieran church. It has 7 stores, cap. $24,000; 1 fulling m., 3 tanner- ies, 1 pottery, 5 flouring m., 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $29,755. 7 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 1,781. Mifflin, p-t., Richland co., O., 5 e. 3Iansfield, 72 N. by E. Columbus, 369 W. The soil is fer- tile, and well cultivated. Pop. 1,8(K). Mifflin, t., Franklin co., O. The soil is va- rious. Organized in 1811. It has 2 schools 40 scholars. Pop. 825. Mifflin, t., Crawford co., O. It lias 3 sch. 98 scholars. Pop. 316. Mifflin, t.. Pike co., O. It 1ms 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $240. 2 sch. 61 schol- ars. Pop. 666. Mifflin, p-v., Henderson co., Tenn., 133 w. s. ■w. Nashville, 817 W. Mifflinsburg, ph., BuflTalo t.. Union co.. Pa., 76 N. Harri.sburg, 186 W. Situated on the s. side of Buffalo cr., and contains 2 churches — 1 Luther- an and 1 Methodist — 5 stores, 90 dwellings, and about 550 inhabitants. Incorporated in 1827. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $35,000 ; 2 tan- neries, 2 breweries, 2 potteries. Cap. in manu- fac. $9,500. 1 acad. 25 students, 3 sch. 180 schol- ars. Pop. 704. Mifflintown, p-b., Fermanagh t., capital of Juniata co.. Pa., 45 n. w. Harrisburg, 136 W. Situated on the e. bank of Juniata r., and on the Pennsylvania canal. It contains 1 Methodist church, several stores, 1 academy, 2 schools 120 scholars. Pop. 420. MiFFLiNviLLE, p-v., Mifllin t., Columbia co., Pa., 103 N. N. E. lltirrisburg, 213 W. Situated on the s. e. side of Su.s()uehanna r., and contains 1 Lutheran and 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, and 20 dwellings. MiKENAUK, county, Mich., a central northern CO. It contains .576 sq. ms. It has 2 lakes, the (jutlets of w hich form the Maskegon river. The head waters of the Au Sable also rise in this co. (It is unorganized.) Milan, p-t., Coos co., N. H., 118 n. by e. Con- cord, 537 W. The surface is uneven. Watered by Androscoggin r., and a branch of Upper Am- monoosuc r. Chartered in 1771. It has 2 grist in., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,400. 6 sch. 151 scholars. Pop. 336. Milan, p-t, Dutchess co., N. Y., 62 s. Albany, 322 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay and gravelly loam. Drained by a branch of Roeliii' Jansen's cr. and Sawkill cr. It has 5 stores, cap. $11,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,500. 5 sch. 366 schol- ars. Pop. 1,725. Milan, p-o., Bradford co.. Pa., 149 n. Harris- burg, 259 W. Milan, p-t., Erie co., O., 103 n. Columbus, 39G W. Situated on Huron r. The v. is on the s. e. bank of the r., 8 ms. from Lake Erie, on a bluff" 60 or 70 feet above the r., on the site of an old Indian town. A ship canal is constructed to near the mouth of Huron r., 8 miles, by which vessels can come to the v. It contains a brick church, an academy, 10 stores, 2 saw m., 1 grist m., 1 oil m., 1 carding machine and fulling ra., various mechanic shops, and about 800 inhabitants. There are in the t. 11 sch. 608 scholars. Pop. 1,531. Milan, p-t., Monroe co., Mich., .50 s. w. De- troit, 507 \V. Watered by Saline and Macon rivers. It has 1 grist m,, 2 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $2,900. 1 sch. 28 scholars. Pop. 363. Milan, p-v., Garrard co., Ky., 52 s. s. e. Frank- fort, 550 W. Milan, p-t., Calhoun co., 111., 94 s. w. Spruig- field, 835 W. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000. Cap. in manufac. $325. Pop. 296. Milburnton, p-o., Greene co., Tenn., 276 e. Nashville, 425 W. 3I1LBURY, p-l., Worcester co., Mass., 6 s. E. Worcester, 43 w. by s. Bost(jn, 403 W. The surface is elevated : soil, fertile. Incorporated in 1813. Watered by Blackatone r., along which passes the Blackstone canal. A branch of the Boston and Worcester railroad extends to this place. It has 5 churches — 3 (.'ongregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Melhodisi — and 3 villages. It con- tains 5 stores, cap. $25,000 ; 1 1 fulling m., 5 wool- len fac, 3 cotton fac. 4,960 sp., 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufactures §261,600. 1 acad. 45 students, 10 sch. 462 schol- ars. Pop. 2,171. MiLBURY, p-v., Centre co., Pa., 87 n. w. Har- risburg, 179 W. 3I1LES, t., Centre co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000 : 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 5 saw in. Cap. in manufac. $9,500. 7 sch. 210 schol- ars. Pop. 1,193. Milestown, p-v., Bristol t., Philadelphia co.. Pa., 104 E. by s. Harrisburg, 144 W. Pleasanily situated on a gentle hill, and contains 2 stores, and about 30 dwellings. MiLFoiiu, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 82 n. e. Augusta, 677 W Situated on the E. side of Pe- MIL 408 MIL nobscot r., opposite to Orono. Watered by Sunk- haze r., which flows into the Penobscot. It has 7 stores, cap. $18,000; 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 21 saw rn., 3 sch. 144 scholars. Pop. 474. MiLFORD, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. II., 33 s. by w. Concord, 458 W. Situated on botli sides of Souhegan r., which affords water power, and on which is rich bottom land. It has 4 stores, cap. $10,000; 1 lulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist ni., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,200. 11 sch. 357 scholars. Pop. 1,455. MiLFORD, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 3) s. w. by w. Boston, 40'J W. The surface is diversified ; soil, generally fertile. Watered by Charles and Mill rivers. Incorporated in 1780. It has 8 store.s, cap. $12,600 ; 1 woollen fac, 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $55,500. 1 acad. 22 students, 5 sch. 165 scholars. Pop. 1,773. MiLFORD, p-t., New Haven co., Ct., 45 s. s. w. Hartford, 291 W. The surface is level, or slightly uneven; soil, productive. Housatonic r. bounds it on tlie w., and Long Island sound on the s. Watered by Wepawaug r., which affords water power. The harbor is shallow, but admits vessels of 200 tons. Excellent oysters and clams are taken on tlie coast. Beautiful serpentine marble is found here. The v. contains 4 church- es, several stores, and about 100 dwellings, many of them neat and handsome. The Wash- ington bridge across tlie Housatonic connects this place with Stratford. It has a draw, 1^' ad- mit vessels which navigate to Derby. There are in the t. 11 stores, cap. $16,500; 1 lumber yard, cap. $2,000 ; 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 3 saw- in. Cap. in manufac. $33'.),050. 2 acad. 32 stu- dents, 14 sch. 764 scholars. Pop. 2,455. MiLFORD, p-t., Otsego CO., N. v., 13 s. Cooper.s- town, 77 vv. Albany, 365 W. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, in the valleys, a fertile loam, with some alluvion. Drained by Susque- hanna r. and its tributaries. The v. is situated on a plain, and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 6 stores, 2 tanneries, 1 saw m., 1 fulling m., 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabit- ants. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fee, 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,850. 12 sch. 550 scholars. Pop. 2,095. MiLFORD, p-v., Alexandria t., Hunterdon co., N.J., 39 N. w. Trenton, 196 W. Situated on the E. side of Delaware r., at the entrance of a small cr. It contains a Presbyterian, and a Christian or Unitarian church, which admits fe- males to participate in the ministry. MiLFORD, p-t., capital of Pike co.. Pa., 162 n. E. by E. Harrisburg, 256 W. The v. is situated on the w. side of Delaware r., on a commanding eminence. A fine bridge here crosses the r. It contains 2 churches, and an academy. There are in tlie t. 1 acad. 46 students, 1 sch. 36 schol- ars. Pop. 648. MiLFORD, t., Bucks CO., Pa., 36 n. w. Pliiladel- phia. I'he surface is rolling ; soil, gravel and clay. Drained by Swamp cr., a branch of Per- kiomen cr. It contains the v. of Charleston, where is a church. It has 7 stores, cap. $24,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 4 potteries, 10 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manuihc. $J,850. 2 sch. 47 scholars. Pop. 2,193. MiLFORD, t., Juniata co.. Pa. Situated on the south side of Juniata r. It has 1 acad. 30 stu- dents, 10 sch. 423 scholars. Pop. 1,824. MiLFORD, t., Somerset co.,Pa., 7 s. w. Somer- set. Drained by Castleman's r. and its tributa- ries, and Laurel Hill cr. Iron ore and stone coal are abundantly found. It has 3 stores, cap. $16,000 ; 2 fulUng m., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 2 potteries, 5 grist m., 15 saw m., I oil m. Cap. in manufac. $6,500. 1 sch. 24 scholars. Pop. 1,632. 3I1LFORD, p-v., and hundred, Kent co., Del., 95 s. Philadelphia, 21 s. by e. Dover, 129 W. Situated on the n. side of Mispillon cr., which enters Delaware bay. There are in the hundred, 13 stores, cap. .$6,990 ; 2 tanneries, 6 grist m., 3 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $24,000. 2 acad. 65 students, 6 schools, 331 scholars. Population, 2,356. MiLFORD, p-v., Warren co., Va. MiLFORD, p-v., Greenville dist., S. C, 119 n. w. by w. Columbia, 491 W. 3I1LFORD, p-v.. Bracken co., Ky., 54 n. e. Frankfort, 499 W. Situated on a branch of Licking r. MiLFORD, p-v., Miami t., Clermont co., O., 112 s. w. Columbus, 434 W. Situated on Little Miami r. It contains 1 Methodist Episcopal church, 7 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 card- ing and fulling m., 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 1 tan- nery, various mechanic shops, 80 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. MiLFORD, t., Butler co., O. It has 10 sch. 515 scholars. Pop. 1,86S. MiLFORD, t., Knox CO., O. The surface is level ; soil, fertile. Pop. 1,153. MiLFORD, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 41 n. w. Detroit, 565 W. It has 6 stores, cap. $12,750 ; 2 flour m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,320. 4 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 880. MiLFORD, t., Williams co., O. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. m manufac. $5,000. 3 sch. 59 scholars. Pop. 175. MiLFORD, p-o.. Kosciusko CO., la., 139 n. In- dianapolis, 616 VV. MiLFORD, t.. La Grange co., la. It has 1 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 1 sch. 30 schol- ars. Pop. 298. MiLFORD, p-o., Iroquois co.. III., 163 N. E. Springfield, 694 W. MiLFORD Centre, p-o., Milford t., Otsego co., N. Y., 77 w. Albany, 359 W. MiLFORD Centre, p-o.. Union t.. Union co.. O., 32 N. w. Columbus, 425 W. The t. has 1 sch. 82 scholars. Pop. 201. Military Grove, p-o., Burke co., N. C, 220 w. Raleigh, 440 W. MiLiT.YRV Road, p-o., Theresa t., Jefferson CO., N. Y., 179 N. w. Albany, 431 W. MiLLARDSviLLE, p-v., Su.squcliamia co., Pa., 162 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 270 W. Mill, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It has 3 stores, cap. $19,2a0; 2 coin, houses, cap. $10,000; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,100. 7 sch. 394 scholars. Pop. 1,225. Mill Bayou, p-o., Mississippi co., Ark. 3I1LLSBOROUGH Springs, p-o., Bath co., Va., 162 w. N. w. Richmond, 202 W. MiLLBRooK, p-o., Litchfield co., Ct., 31 w. Hartford, 349 W. MiLLBURY, t., Worcester co., Mass., 43 vv. s. w. Boston. The surface is hilly ; soil, fertile. Drained by branches of Blackstone r. The Blackstone canal passes through it. Incorpora- ted in 1813. It contains a bank and 5 churches — 3 Congregational and 1 Baptist. It has 5 stores, cap. ,$25,000; 11 fulling m., 5 woollen lac, 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 3 grist m., 3 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $^61,600. 1 acad. 45 students, 10 sell. 462 scholars. Pop. 2,171. MiLLBROoK, p-v., Clinton t., Wayne co., O., 93 N. E. Columbus, 350 W. It contains 2 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. MiLLBUKN, p-v., Hickman co., Ky. MIL 409 MIL Mill Creek, p-o., Huntington co., Pa., 87 Harrisburg, 146 W. Mill Creek, hundred. New Castle co., Del. It has 3 sch. 145 scholars. Pop. 3,144. Mill Creek, t., Erie co.. Pa. It has 1 fulling m., 2 breweries, 3 grist m., 17 saw m., 15 sch. 45i scholars. Pop. 2,632. Mill Creek, p-o., Berkley co., Va., 159 n. Richmond, 83 W. Mill Creek, p-v.. Person co., N. C. Mill Creek, p-t., Cosliocton co., O., 93 n. e. Columbus, 348 W. It has 1 tannery. Cap. in manuiac. $250. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 907. Mill Creek, t., Hamilton co., O. It contains 1 college, 32 students, 1 acad. 125 students, 9 sch. 169 scholars. Pop. 6,249. Mill Creek, t.. Union co., O. Much of the soil is very fertile. It has 3 sch. 57 scholars. Pop. 523. Mill Creek, t., WiUiams co., O. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $700. 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 109. Mill Creek, p-o., Madison co., la., 44 n. e. Indianapolis, 543 VV. Mill Creek, p-o., Alexander co., 111., 207 s. Springfield, 841 W. Mill Creek, p-o., Ripley co.. Mo. Milld.\le, p-o., Henry co., O., 157 n. w. Co- lumbus, 499 W. Milldale, p-v., Warren co.. Miss., 151 w. Jackson, 1,061 W. MiLLEDGEViLLE, p-v.. Montgomery co., N. C, 133 w. s. w. Raleigh, 389 W. MiLLEDGEViLLE, city and capital of Baldwin CO., and of the state of Georgia, 158 n. vv. Sa- vannah, 89 w. s. vv. Augusta, 193 n. Darien, 618 W. Situated on the w. bank of the Oconee r., at the head of .steamboat navigation, and at the junction of Fishing cr. Laid out in 1803. It contains 10 streets parallel with the r., crossed by 10 others at right angles with them. The streets are 100 feet wide, excepting Washington, a central street, which is 120. There are 3 squares made by tlie omission of a street in each direction, called Statehouse, Governors and Penitentiary square, each 450 on a side. The state house, in the centre of Statehouse scjuare, J of a niile from the r., is a handsome building of Gothic architecture, erected in 1828, and cost $115,000. It contains a fine representatives hall, 60 by 54 feet, ornamented with portraits of Gen. Oglethorpe, Washington, La Fayette, and Jefferson ; and various public offices. The other public buildings are a governor's house, a state arsenal, a penitentiary, a market house, 3 banks, an academy, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. Pop. 2,095. A toll bridge crosses the Oconee r. here 550 feet wide, which cost $20,000. A short distance from Milledgeville, in Medway v., is Oglethorpe Col- lege, founded in 1836, and contahis a president and 5 professors or other instructors, and 31 stu- dents. MiLLEDGEViLLE, p-v., White CO., Tenn., 86 E. Nashville, 608 W. Miller, county. Mo. Situated near the cen- tre of the state, and contains 555 sq. ras. Draui- ed by Osage r. The surface is broken ; soil, on the streams, very fertile. Capital, Tuscumbia. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,935, sheep 2,260, swine 9,304 ; wheat 5,005 bush, produced, Ind. corn 99,180, oats 8,163, potatoes 3,418, tobac- co 4,601 pounds, cotton 1,209 ; 2 stores, 3 distil- leries, 5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,554. 3 sch. 65 scholars. Pop. whites 2,170, slaves 111, free cold 1 ; total, 2,282. Miller, t., Dearborn co., la. It has 1 store, 3 52 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,400. 5 sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 1,209. Miller, t., Macon co., Mo. Pop. 149. Miller, t., Polk co.. Mo. Pop. 155. Miller, t., Knox co., O. The soil is well adapted to grazing. Settled chiefly by emigrants from Connecticut and Rhode Island. Pop. 977. Millers, p-o., Lawrence co., O., 131 s. by e. Columbus, 393 W. Millers Bay, p-o., Lyme t., Jefferson co., N. Y. Millersburg, p-v.. Upper Paxton t., Dauphin CO., Pa., 31 N. Harrisburg, 141 W. Situated on the E. bank of Susquehanna r., at the confluence of Wiconisco cr. It contains a Lutheran church, 3 stores, and about 70 dwellings. The railroad from the coal mine in Lyken's valley to the r. passes near the v. Millersburg, p-v., Bourbon co., Ky., 44 e. Frankfort, 499 W. Millersburg, p-v., Rutherford co., Tenn., 44 s. E. Nashville, 675 W. Millersburg, p-v., Hardy t., capital of Holmes CO., O., 87 N. E. Columbus, 343 W. Situated on the E. side of Killbuck cr. It contains a court house, jail, 1 church, 10 stores, a printing office issuing a weekly newspaper, 100 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. Millersburg, p-v., Mercer co.. El. Millersburg, p-v., Callaway co.. Mo., 34 N. E. Jefferson City, 929 W. Miller's i^Iill, p-o.. Christian co., Ky. Miller's Place, p-v., Brookhaven t., Suffolk CO., N. Y., 207 s. s. E. Albany, 257 W. Situated near the Sound shore, and contains an academy, and about 20 dwellings. Millersport, p-v.. Walnut t., Fau-field co., O., 30 s. E. Columbus, 373 W. iMiller's Tavern, p-o., Essex co., Va., 40 n. E. Richmond, 122 W. Millerstown, p-v., Greenwood t.. Perry co.. Pa., 30 N. w. Harrisburg, 140 W. It contains a Presbyterian church, 5 stores, and about 90 dwellings. Millerstown, p-v., Champaign co., O., 55 w. by N. Columbus, 449 W. Millerstown, p-v., Grayson co., Ky., 125 s. w. by w. Frankfort, 650 W. Millersville, p-v., Lancaster co., Pa., 39 s. E. Harrisburg, 111 W. Millersville, p-o., Anne Arundel co., Md. Millersville, p-v., iMarion co., la., 7 In- dianapolis, 578 W. MiLLFiELD, p-v., Dover t., Athens co., O., 73 s. E. Columbus, 348 W. Situated on Sunday cr., 3 ms. from its entrance into Hockhocking r. It contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., and 1 saw m. Three salt works in the vicinity produce over 200 bushels of salt daily. MiLLFORD, p-v., Lewis co.. Mo., 164 n. by E. Jefferson City, 913 W. MiLLFORD Mills, p-o., Prince Edward co., Va., 41 w. s. w. Richmond, 105 VV. Mill Grove, p-o., Cabarrus co., N. C, 148 w. Raleigh, 383 W. Mill Grove, po., Sumter dist., S. C, 81 E. Columbia, 501 W. Mill Grove, p-o., Cobb co., Ga., 114 n. w. .Milledgeville, 685 W. Mill Grove, p-o., Warren co., O., 90 s. vv. Columbus, 464 W. Mill Grove, po., Owen co., la., 50 s. w. In- dianapolis, 619 W. Mill Hall, p-o., Clinton co.. Pa., 104 n. n. vv. Harrisburg, 196 W. Mill Haven, p-v., Scriven co., Ga., 106 e. by s. Milledgeville, 629 W. MIL 410 MIL MiLi.HEiM, p-v., Hains t., Centre co., Pa., 88 N. w. Harrisburg, 180 W. It contains a Method- ist church, 2 stores, and about 50 dwellings. Mill Hill, p-o., Cabarrus co., N. C, 148 w. Raleigh, 385 W. Milliken's Bend, p-o., Madison co., La. MiLLiNGTON, p-o., Franklin co., Mass., 70 w. by N. Boston, 400 W. MiLLiNGTON, p-v.. East Haddam t., Middlesex CO., Ct., 36 E. by s. Hartford, 350 W. MiLLiNGTON, p-o., Somerset co., N. J., 43 n. Trenton, 213 W. MiLLiNGTON, p-v., Kent co., Md., 61 E. N. E. Annapolis, 101 W. Situated on the N. side of Chester r. MiLLiNGTON, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 103 w. N. w. Richmond, 139 W. MiLLMOUNT, p-o., Huntingdon co., la., 132 n. N. E. Indianapolis, 597 W. Mill Pl.\in, p-v., Fairfield co., Ct., 72 s. w. Hartford, 296. Mill Point, p-v., Pocahontas co., Va., 210 w. N. w. Richmond, 245 VV. Mill Port, p-v., Veteran t., Chemung co., N. Y., 199 w. s. w. Albany, 292 W. Situated on Catherine's cr., on the line of the Chemung canal. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, 2 flouring m., 10 savv^ m., 1 plaster m., 1 clothier's works, 1 sash fac, 1 tannery, 50 dwell- ings, and about 340 inhabitants. I'he creek has here a succession of falls, in the whole of 100 feet descent. Mill Port, p-v.. Potter co., Pa., 185 n. n. w. Harrisburg, 296 W. Mill Port, p-o., Fayette co., Ala., 65 n. w. Tuscaloo.sa, 867 W. Mill Port, p-v., Laurel co., Ky., 106 s. e. Frankfort, 556 W. Mill Port, p-v., Jackson co., la., 80 s. In- dianapolis, 605 W. Mill River, p-o., Berkshire co., Mass., 133 w. Boston, 354 W. Mill River, p-o.. Buncombe co., N. C, 272 w. Raleigh, 502 W. MiLLSBOROUGiT, p-0., Washington co.. Pa. MiLLSBORo', p-v., Sussex CO., Del., 49 s. Do- ver, 143 W. Mills Corners, p-o., Broadalbin t., Fulton CO., N. Y., 43 N. w. Albany, 411 W. MiLLSFiELD, t., Coos CO., N. H. Pop. 12. MiLLSFORD, t., Ashtabula co., O. It has 2 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 173. Mills Point, p-v., Hickman co., Ky., 310 s. w. by w. Frankfort, 337 W. Situated on the e. bank of the Mississippi r. It has a convenient landing, several large warehouses and stores, and about 25 dwellings. Mills Prairie, p-o., Edwards co.. III., 150 s. E. Springfield, 730 W. Mill Springs, p-o., Wayne co., Ky., 101 s. Frankfort, 607 W. Millstone, cr., N. J., rises in Monmouth co., and enters the Raritan in Somerset co. It is a strong and rapid stream. The Delaware and Raritan canal passes, a considerable distance, along this stream. Mill Stone, p-v., Hillsborough t., Somerset CO., N. J., 27 N. Trenton, 201 W. Situated on tlie s. bank of Millstone r., and contains a Dutch Reformed church, 3 stores, and about 40 dwell- ings, many of them neat. Milltown, p-o., Wa.shington co., Me., 198 E. by N. Augusta, 784 W. Milltown, p-v., Kent t., Putnam co., N. Y., 100 s. Albany, 297 W. It contains 2 churches, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 iron foundry, 1 clothier's works, and about 40 dwellings. Milltown, p-v., Crawford co., la., 113 s. by w. Indianapolis, 627 W. Millview, p-v., Fauquier co., Va., 103 n. by w. Richmond, 86 W. Millville, p-v., Worcester co., Mass., 43 \i. Boston, 408 W. Millville, p-v., Shelby t., Orleans co., N. Y., 257 w. N. w. Albany, 397 W. It contains 2 churches, one of them a Friends, an academy, 2 stores, 2 saw m., 1 tannery, and 12 or 15 dwell- ings. Millville, p-t., Cumberland co., N. J., 67 s. by w. Trenton. The surface is level ; soil, sandy, and not very productive. Drained by Maurice r. and its tributaries, the chief of which is Manan- tico cr. The v. is situated on the e. bank of Maurice r., 20 ms. from its mouth. It contains 5 stores, and extensive glass works, and about 65 dwellings. It has 5 stores, cap. $19,500; 5 glass houses, 5 gri.st m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manid'ac. $183,920. 5 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 1,771. Millville, p-o., Columbia co., Pa., 89 n. n. E. Harrisburg, 199 W. Millville, p-v.. King George co., Va., 89 n. N. E. Richmond, 86 W. Millville, p-v., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 101 N. w. Columbia, 486 W. Millville, p-v., Lincoln co., Tenn., 97 s. Nashville, 732 W. Millville, p-v., Caldwell co., Ky., 231 w. s. w. Frankfort, 763 W. Millville, p-v., Ross t., Butler co., O., 108 w. s. w. Columbus, 496 W. Situated on the n. bank of Indian cr. It contains 2 stores, 1 flour- ing m., and about 250 inhabitants. Millville, p-v., Butler co., Ala., 154 s. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 890 W. Millville, p-o., Jo-Daviess co., 111. Millville, p-o., Clayton co., Iowa. Millwood, p-v., Clarke co., Va., 135 n. n. w. Richmond, 66 W. Millwood, p-o., Dooly co., Ga., 86 s. s. w. MilledgeviUe, 733 W. Millwood, p-o., Knox co., O., 69 n. e. Colum- bus, 369 W. Millwood, t., Guernsey co., O. It has 9 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 1,596. MiLNERSviLLE, p-0., Monroc t, Guernsey co., O., 89 E. Columbus, 314 W. Situated in New Birmingham v. MiLo, p-t., Piscataquis CO., Me., 93 n. n. e Augusta, 695 W. Drained by Piscataquis r., and Pleasant r., and other branches of it. Incorpo- rated in 1823. It has 1 fuUing m., 1 furnace, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. 7 sch. 327 scholars. Pop. 756. AliLO, p-t., Yates co., N. Y., 193 w. Albany, 320 W. It contains the v. of Penn Yan, the capital of the co. The surface is undulating ; soil, gravelly and clay loam, and fertile. Drained by the outlet of Crooked lake, which lies on its w. border. It has 20 stores, cap. $74,335; 4 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly and 1 peri- odical newspapers, 2 grist ra., 9 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $107,022. 17 sch. 933 scholars. Pop. 3,986. MiLo Centre, p-v., Milo t., Yates co., N. Y., 196 w. Albany, 325 W. It contains 1 church, 2 stores, and about 30 dwellings. MiLROY, p-v.. Rush CO., la., 48 e. s. e. Indian apolis, 546 W. Milton, t., Piscataquis co.. Me. It has 1 saw m., 5 sch. 248 scholars. Pop. 469. Milton, p-t., StraflTord co., N. H., 47 N. E. Concord, 515 W. Salmon Fall r. runs on its e. border, by branches of which it is watered. It MIL 411 MIL has 6 stores, cap. $6,900 ; 3 falling m., 1 woollen lac, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in niaiiufac. $21,300. 10 sch. 408 scholars. Pop. 1,322. MiLTo.v, p-t., Chittenden co., Vt., 55 n. w. Montpelier, 52S W. It is watered by Lamoille r., wliich has extensive falls, producing great water power. Chartered in 1703. Tlie surface is moderately uneven ; soil, generally fertile. At the great falls in the Lamoille, near the v., the r. fells 150 feet in 50 rods. Here are a saw m., a grist m., and a paper m. The v. contains a Congregational and a Methodust church, and sev- eral dwellings. A sand bar extends from this t. to the large.st island in Lake Champlain, which is fordable on horseback, during the greater part of the year, though the water is considerably deep. There are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $46,200 ; 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw ra. Cap. in man- ufac. $19,500. 14 sch. 645 scholars. Pop. 2,134. 3I1LTON, p-t., Norfolk CO., Mass., 7 s. Boston, 435 W. The surface is various. The soil is a productive gravelly loam. Neponset r. runs on its N. border, and affords good water power. Chartered in 1662. The v., called the Mills, is at tlie head of navigation on Neponset r., and is connected with Dorchester by a bridge. It has 3 churches, a bank, several factories. Governor, Hutchinson, had his summer residence in this place, and the house is still standing. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $19,000 ; 2 commercial and 2 commission houses, cap. $150,000; 1 lumber yard, cap. $4,000 ; 2 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $50,300. 2 acad. 45 students, 5 sch. 436 scholars. Pop. 1,822. MiLTo.N, p-v., Litchfield t., Litchfield co., Ct., 30 \v. Hartford, 330 W. It is a parish in the n. w. part of the t. of Litchfield. The surlace is uneven and rough, and the soil adapted to graz- ing. Here is a Congregational church. Milton, t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 30 n. by w. Albany. It contains the v. of Ballstoii Spa, the capital of the co. The surface is level or gently rolling ; soil, clay loam and sandy loam. Drain- ed by the Kayaderosseras cr. and its tributaries. It has 16 stores, cap. $57,800 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $10,000 ; 6 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 2 fur- naces, 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 6 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $203,315. 12 sch. 387 scholars. Pop- 3,166. MiLTOX, p-v., Marlboro' t., Ulster co., N. Y., 79 s. by w. Albany, 299 W. Situated half a mile w. of the landing on Hudson r., and contains 3 churches — 1 Methodist, 2 Friends — stores, 2 grist m., 70 dwellings, and about 450 inhabitants. Two freight barges ply between this place and New York. MrLTON, p-v., Morris co., N. J., 75 n. Trenton, 216 W. Milton, p-b., Turbut t., Northumberland co.. Pa., 71 N. Harrisburg, 181 W. Situated on the E. bank of the West branch of Susquehanna r., built on both sides of Limestone run. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Associate Reform- ed, and 1 German Reformed — an academy, 250 dwellings, and 150 hihabitants. Incorporated in 1816. A bridge here crosses the Susquehanna r. It has 13 stores, cap. $92,500 ; 1 tannery, 4 dis- tilleries, 1 breviery, 1 pottery, 2 printuig offices, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. (^ap. in manufac. $62,105. 4 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 1,508. Milton, p-v., Sussex co., Del., 33 s. Dover, 141 W. Milton, p-v., Caswell co., N. C^ 74 n. w. Ra- leigh, 250 W. Milton, p-v., Laurens dist., S. C, 60 vv. n. w. Columbia, 516 W. Milton, p-v., Autauga co., Ala., 93 s. k. Tus- caloosa, 841 W. Milton, p-v., capital of SaiUa Rosa co., Flor., 20 N. E. Pensacola. Situated on the w. side of Blackwater r. Milton, p-v., Rutherford co., Tenii., 37 s. E. Nashville, 656 W. MiLTO.N, p-v., Trimble co., Ky., 52 n. w. Frankfort, 561 W. Situated on the s. bank of tlie Ohio r., and contains 2 steam m. and about 100 inhabitants. Milton, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 157 n. e. Co- lumbus, 316 W. Watered by Mahonuig r., which affords water power. It contains the villages of Frederick and Milton. Pop. of t. 1,277. Milton, t., Jackson co., O. It has 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $800. 1 sch. 18 scholars. Pop. 912. Milton, t., Miami co., O. Pop. 252. Milton, t., Richland co., O. Pop. 1,861. Milton, t., Wayne co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,900; 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. ,$1,275. Pop. 1,157. Milton, t.. Wood co., O. Pop. 124. Milton, p-t., Wayne co., la., 54 e. Indiana- polis, 521 W. Pop. 465. Milton, p-o.. Pike co.. 111., 64 w. by s. Spring- field, 844 W. Milton, p-o.. Rock co.. Wis., 49 s. e. Madi- son, 814 W. Milton, p-o.. La Fayette co.. Miss., 178 N. N. w. Jackson, 905 W. Milton, p-v., Randolpli co.. Mo., 80 n. n. w. Jefferson City, 949 W. Milton, t., Cass co., Mich. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3.30. 3 sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 439. Milton Hill, p-v., Charles co., Md., 88 s. w. Annapolis, 48 W. Milton Mills, p-o., Milton t., Strafford co., N. H., 43 N. E. Concord, 524 W. Milton P.\rk, p-o., Craven co., N. C. 140 e. s. E. Raleigh, 36S W. MiLTONVILLE, p-v., MiddletOWTl t.. Wood CO., O., 123 N. N. w. Columbus, 461 W. MiLTONVILLE, v., MadisoH t., Butler co., O. Pop. 122. MiLTONVILLE, p-v., Wayne co.. Miss., 153 s. E. by E. Jackson, 969 W. Milwaukee, county. Wis. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 800 sq. nis. Drained by Milwaukee r., a fine mill stream, Manewakee, Root, Des Plaines, and Fo.x rivers, and branches of Rock r. Lake Micliigan bounds it on the e. Capital, I\Ii!wauk('(!. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,1()0, sheep 7il\ swine 8,814; wheat 31,236 bush, produced, Ind. corn 36,820, buckwheat 1,829, oats 26,S63, potatoes 64,242, sugar 48,886 pounds ; 3 comnii.-sion houses, cap. $27,,')00 ; 26 stores, cap. 802,:«K) : 8 grist m., 13 saw in., 2 printing olJices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $03,450. 9 sch. 186 scholars. Pop. whites 5,573, free col'd 32 ; total, 5,605. Milwaukee, p-v., and capital of Milwaukee CO., Wis., 83 E. Madison, 805 W. Situated on both sides of Milwaukee r., near its entrance into Lake Michigan. The r. aflTords water power at the V. Steamboats ply between tliis place and Buffalo, and its location is such tliat it is likely to become a place of much importance. It con- tains a court house, jail, a V. S. land office, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, and (in 1842) 2,800 inhabitants. Tliere were in 1840, 3 commission houses, cap. $27,500 ; 21 stores, cap. $52,900 ; 1 furnace, 1 saw m., 2 printing offices. MIN 412 MIS 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $17,800. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 1,712. MiNA, p-t., Cliautauque co., N. Y., 363 w. by s. Albany, 347 W. The snrface is uneven ; soil, clay and gravelly loam. It contains a small lake denominated Fiiiley's lake. Drained by French cr. It has 2 stores, cap. li)4,(XK); 1 grist rn.. 5 sav/ m. Cap. in manufac. $3,650. 8 sch. 272 scholars. Pop. 871. MiN.wiLLE, p-o., Florida t , Montgomery co., N. v., 37 w. N. w. Albany, 405 W. MiNDEN, p-t., Montgomery co., N. Y., 61 w. n. w. Albany, 396 W. The surface is diversified ; soil, argillaceous and calcareous loam, with rich bottom lands on the Mohawk r., which bounds it on the N. Drained by Otsquake cr. It has 26 stores, cap. $112,150; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $43,140 ; 16 sch. 960 scholars. Pop. 3,507. MiNDEN, p-0., Claiborne co.. La., 404 n. w. N. Orleans, 1,274 W. Mine-a-Bretox, t., Washington co.. Mo. It has 1 acad. 83 students, 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 994. Mine Creek, t., Hempstead co.. Ark. It has 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. Pop. 436. MiNESviLLE, p-v., Forsyth co., Ga., 103 w. Milledgeville, 660 W. Mine La Motte, p-o., Madison co.. Mo., 154 S. E. Jefferson City, 886 W. Mineral Point, p-v., capital of Iowa co.. Wis., 52 w. s. w. Madison, 884 W. Situated on a head branch of Pickatonokee r., and contains a court house, jail, a LI. S. land office, a printing office, several stores, and about 700 inhabitants. In the vicinity are 3 smelting furnaces for cop- per, and several for lead. Mineral Springs, p-v., Talladega co., Ala., 87 E. Tuscaloosa, 777 W. Mineral Springs, p-o., Columbia co., Flor., 84 E. Tallahassee. Minersville, p-b., Norwegian t., Schuylkill CO., Pa., 66 N. E. Harrisburg, 176 W. It contains 8 stores, 2 saw m., various mechanics, 100 dwell- ings, and about 600 inhabitants. It is surrounded by anthracite coal mines. Incorporated in 1831. Minersville, p-v., Rutherford co., N. C, 223 w. Raleigh, 461 W. Minersville, v., Alleghany co., Pa., 2 e. Pitts- burgh. It contains 2 churches, and is the seat of extensive mining operations. Minerva, p-t., Essex co., N. Y., 94 n. Albany, 469 W. The surface is hilly, and partly covered with the Adirondack mountains. The valleys have some fertile land. Drained by Hudson r. and its tributaries. It has 1 store, cap. ,$600 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,101). 5 sch. 139 scholars. Pop. 455. Minerva, p-v.. Mason co., Ky., 75 e. n. e. Frankfort, 475 W. Minerva, p-v., Paris t.. Stark co., O., 139 n. e. by E. Columbus, 303 W. It is on the line of the Sandy and Beaver canal, and has 2 large canal basins. It contains 6 stores, 1 flouring m., 60 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. Minga Hooma, p-o., Lauderdale co.. Miss., 114 E. Jackson, 903 W. MiNisiNK, p-t., Orange co., N. Y., 120 s. s. w. Albany, 270 W. The surface is hilly on the w., and on the e. is covered with the " drowned lands," through which the Wallkill sluggishly flows. It contains a copper mine, which was formerly wrought. It has 17 stores, cap. $35,000 ; 2 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, 10 distil- leries, 1 1 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $133,025. 4 acad. 387 students, 23 schools 1,308 scholars. Pop. 5,093. MiNO, t., Mifflin co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,135. 6 sch. 215 scholars. Pop. 974. MiNOT, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 46 s. w. Augusta, 576 W. The Androscoggin r. runs on its E. border, and Little Androscoggin r. on its s. border, affording extensive water power. A bridge here crosses the Androscoggin. It is a good agricultural township, and is finely situated for manufactures. It has 15 stores, cap. $15,400; 2 fulling m., 1 furnace, 28 sch. 1,250 scholars. Pop. 3,550. Minster, p-o., Mercer co., O., 94 w. N. w. Columbus, 488 W. MiNTONSviLLE, p-v., Gates co., N. C, 106 e. N. E. Raleigh, 261 W. Mint Spring, p-o., Augusta co., Va. 3I1RANDA, p-v.. Rowan co., N. C., 132 w. Ra- leigh, 369 W. MisHAWAKEE, p-v., St. Joseph CO., la., 143 n. Indianapolis, 620 W. MisHWAUKEE, p-v., Brown co., Wis., 138 n. e. by N. Madison, 973 W. MispiLLON, hundred, Kent co., Del. It has 4 stores, cap. $5,200 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 7 sch. 460 scholars. Pop. 3,069. Missaukee, county, M'lch. Situated centrally in the n. part of the state, and contains 376 sq. ms. Drained by Maskegon r. and its branches. (It is unorganized.) Missionary Station, p-o., Floyd co., Ga., 173 n. w. Milledgeville, 674 W. Situated on the Coosa r. MissisQUE, r., Vt., rises in Orleans co., and pursuing a n. e. course, passes into Canada, and after running several ms., returns into Vt., and pursues a s. w. and w. course, until it enters JVIissisque bay, a branch of Lake Champlain, in Highgate, near the Canada line. It has several rapids and falls, affording extensive water power. It is navigable for vessels of 59 tons, 6 miles, to Swanton falls. Through most of its course, it is wide and shallow, with a moderate current. It is 75 ms. long. Mississinewa, r., la., rises in the state of Ohio, and running in a n. w. direction, it falls into the Wabash r., a little above Peru. In its upper parts it furnishes good mill sites, and in its lower parts it is navigable for boats of 10 tons, in time of liigh water. Mississinewa, t., Darke co., O. Pop. 127. Mississippi, an immense river of the United States, derives importance from its great length ; the vast and fertile regions which, w'ith its tribu- taries, it drains, and the extent to which it is nav- igable. It rolls a mighty volume of water to the ocean, bearing to its destined market a vast amount of produce of one of the most fertile re- gions on the globe, and returning to these regions the productions of other portions of the United States, and of foreign countries, which they need for their convenience and comfort. The most probable derivation of its name is Misxi Sepe, whicli, in the Algonquin Indian language, which prevails in its upper parts, means Great rmr. Its extreme source, according to the explorations of Schoolcraft, July 13th, 1832, is Itasca lake, 47° 10' n. lat., and 95° 54' w. Ion., at an elevation of 1,500 feet, and the distance of 3,160 miles, above the Gulf of Slexico. Ita.«ca lake is a beautiful sheet of water, lying among hills surmounted by pines. The outlet of the lake is 10 or 13 feet broad, and from 12 to 18 inches deep. Its course is then northwardly and northeastwardly, and it MIS 413 MIS passes through lakes Irving and Travers, and it llien passes eastwardiy and southeastvvardly, and through some small lakes, to Lake Cass. This lake is of considerable extent, and contains a large island, 182 ms. below its source, and 1,330 feet above the Gulf of P exico. Its course is w. to Lake Winnipec, then s. w. through Little Win- nipec lake, until it receives Leech lake fork, the outlet of a considerable lake of the same name. The most northern point attained by the river is a {ew minutes short of 4S° ; it tlien pursues a winding course eastwardiy, passing through some small lakes, until it attains a southwardly direc- tion. The average descent of the Mississippi, from its .source to its entrance into the Gulf of Mexico, is a fraction over 5 inches per mile. The whole country about the sources of the Mississippi appears to be considerably elevated table land, abounding in small lakes of pure water, and fed chiefly by springs. The first considerable falls in the river are those of Peckagama, where it de- scends 20 feet in 300 yards. There is no per- pendicular fall, but a rapid which entirely ob- structs navigation. The river is compressed to the width of 80 feet, and is precipitated over a rugged bed of sandstone, the rocky channel being inclined at an angle of from 35° to 40°. The surrounding view is wild and picturesque. An island, covered with spruce and cedar, divides the channel nearly in the middle, at the com- mencement of the fall. The next considerable falls in the river, are those of St. Anthony. The viver here has a perpendicular descent of 17 feet, and a formiilable rapid above and below. An island, at the brow of the precipice, divides the current into 2 parts, the largest of which passes on the w. side of the island. The rapid below the chute is filled with large fragments of rock, in the interstices of which some alluvial soil has accumulated, which nourishes a stinted growth of cedars. The rapid above the falls has a de- scent of about 10 feet in the distance of 300 yards. The rapid below the falls extends half a mile, in which the river descends 15 feet. The entire foil, in three fourths of a mile, is 65 feet. With- out the grandeur of Niagara, these falls are ex- tremely picturesque and beautiful. But during the spring floods, they become grand as well as beautiful. The width of the Mississippi, for 12 miles above the falls, is half a mile ; below, it is contracted to 200 yards. A little below the falls of 8t. Anthony enters the St. Peter's river, from the w., which is the largest tributary of the Upper Mississippi. For 200 ms. above its entrance, it is 100 yards wide, with a great depth of water. About lat. 44° the St. Croix enters the Missis- sippi from the e., which is said to be navigable for boats 200 ms. About 15 ms. below the en- trance of St. Croix r., the Mississippi expands into a beautiful sheet of water, called Lake Pepin, 25 ms. in length. At its termination, the Chippewa r. enters the Mississippi, after a course of about 300 ms. In 42° enters the Wi.sconsin from the E., forming an easy communication with Lake 3Iichigan. Near 40°, on the w. side, the Des Moines enters, 150 yards wide. A few ms. above the mouth of this river are rapids, 9 ms. in length, forming an impediment to navigation, when the river is low. In 39° the Illinois enters from the E., 400 yards wide, and navigable for boats more than 300 ms. A little below 39° enters the ma- jestic Missouri from the w., which is longer, and discharges more water, than the Mississippi ; and had it been as early explored, it would probably have been regarded as the parent stream. Its waters are turbid, and change tlic appearance of the Mississippi. In 38° the Ksskaslda enters from the e., and is navigable for more than 100 ms., passhig ihrough a beautiful country. Be- tween 37° and 3G°, 1,005 ms. above New Orleans, the " Belle Riviere," or the beautiful Ohio, enters from the E., and is much the largest eastern branch; and, from the densely populated and flourishing country on its borders, must be con- sidered, at present, as the most important tribu- tary of the Jlississippi. Between 35° and 34° enters the St. Francis from the w., 200 yards wide, and supposed to be navigable 300 miles. White r. enters on the same side, in about 34°, probably about 1,200 ms. long. The Arkansas, from the w., enters between 34° and 33°, 618 ms. above New Orleans, and is 500 yards wide, and supposed to be 2,500 ms. long. The Yazoo enters on tiie e. side, between 33° and 32°, and is from 200 to 300 yards wide. At 31° the Red river comes in from the w. It is as large, and discharges as much water as the Arkansas, and is navigable for steamboats. Here the Missis- sippi carries its greatest volume of water, as im- mediately below this, and at intervals, it divides into several large outlets. From an old bed of the river, which communicates with both the Mississippi and Red rivers, the Atchafalaya dis- charges a great amount of water into the Gulf of Mexico. A little below Baton Rouge, on the E. side, the Ibberville goes off, and passing through lakes Maurepas, Pontchartrain, and Borgne, en- ters the Gulf of Mexico. Between Atchafiilaya and N. Orleans, pass off Plaquemine and Bayou Lafourche, on the w. side, the former joining the Atchafalaya, and the latter entering the Gulf of 3Iexico. The average width of the 3Iississippi, below the Missouri, is about a mile ; but the large rivers which enter it greatly increase its depth. Its medial current is about 4 ms. an hour. At the head of the Delta, the depth is from 75 to 80 ieet; at New Orleans it is lOt). At the distance of 105 ms. below New Orleans, by the course of the river, but 90 in a direct course, this majes- tic river enters tlie Gulf of Mexico, by several mouths, the principal of which are called the Balize, or Northeast Pass, in 29° 7' n. lat., and 89° 10' w. Ion., and the Southwest Pass, in 29° N. lat., and 89° 25' vv. Ion. Draining a country of over 1,000,000 square miles hi extent, it would naturally be expected that its spring floods would be vast ; and in consequence of them, it over- flows its banks at that season to a great extent. From the .sources to the mouth of the Missouri, the flood commences in March, and does not sub- side belbre the last of May, at an average height of 15 feet. From the Missouri to the Ohio, it rises 25 feet ; and below tiie Ohio, for a great distance, 50 feet. At every flood it overspreads a country, chiefly on its western side, from 10 to 30 ms. wide, 500 ms. from its riiouth. Tliis river is extremely winding in its course, and some- times a bend will occur of 30 miles in extent, in which the distance across the neck will not ex- ceed a mile. This circumstance undoubtedly impedes the current, and thus iiivors navigation. The mighty volume of water often carries away a large mass of earth, with its trees, from a pro- jecting point, and frequently endanger vessels. Trees also are often bedded in the mud, project- ing their tops, producing snags and sawyers, as they are called, dangerous to navigators. The whirls, or eddies, which are produced by the tor- tuous course of the river and its projecting points, render the navigation to a degree difficult and dangerous. Vessels are often from 5 to 30 days in ascending from the mouth of the river to New Orleans, though with a favorable wind, they will often descend iii 12 hours. Belbre the introduc- MIS 414 MIS tion oi" steamboats, it required 8 or 10 weeks to go from New Orleans to the Illinois. Boats of 40 tons ascend the river to the falls of St. Antho- ny, more than 2,000 miles from its mouth. The Use of steambo.its has entirely changed the navi- gation of the Mississippi ; and they have nearly superseded all otiier vessels for ascending the river. Large flat-bottomed boats, denominated arks, which are not designed to return, are ex- tensively used for transportation down the river. Tlie first steamboat on the western waters was built at Pittsburgh, in 1811 : there are now more than 300 on the Mississippi and its tributaries, many of them of great burden. The passage from Cincinnati to New Orleans and back has been made in 19 days. Large ships seldom as- cend above Natchez. There are no tides in the Mississippi. MISSISSIPPI. Mississippi, one of the southern United States, is bounded n. by Tennessee; e. by Alabama ; s. by the Gulf of Mexico and Louisiana ; and w. by Pearl and Mississippi rivers, which separate it from the state of Louisiana and Arkansas. It is between 30° 10' and 35° n. lat., and between 80° 30' and 81° 35' w. Ion., and between 8° and 11° 30' w. Ion. from W. It is 339 miles long from N. to s., and 150 broad from E. to w., containing 45,760 square miles, or 29,286,400 acres. The population in 1816 was 45,929; in 1820,75,448; in 1830, 136,806; in 1840, 375,651, of which 195,211 were slaves. Of the free population 97,256 were white males ; 81,818 do. females ; 715 were color- ed males ; 654 do. females. Employed in agriculture, 139,724 ; in commerce, 1,303; in manufac- tures and trades, 4,151 ; navigating the ocean, 33 ; do. rivers, canals, &c., 100 ; learned professions, 1,506. This state is divided into 56 counties, which with their population in 1840, and their capitals, were as follows : Northern District — Attala, 4,303, Koscuisko ; Bolivar, 1,356, Bolivar ; Car- roll, 10,481, CarroUton ; Chickasaw, 2,955, Houston ; Choctaw, 6,010, Greensboro ; Coahoma, 1,290, Coahoma C. H. ; De Soto, 7,002, Hernando ; Itawamba, 5,375, Fulton ; Lafayette, 6,531, Oxford; Lowndes, 14,513, Columbus; Marshall, 17,526, Holly Springs; Monroe, 9,250, Athens; Noxubee, 9,975, Macon ; Octibbeiia, 4,276, Starkville ; Ponola, 4,657, Ponola ; Pontotoc, 4,491, Pontotoc ; Tallahatchie, 2,935, Charleston ; Tippah, 9,414, Ripley ; Tishamingo, 6,631, Jacinto ; Tunica, 821, Peyton ; Winston, 4,650, Louisville ; Yalabusha, 12,248, Coflieeville. Southern District — Adams, 19,434, Natchez; Amite, 9,511, Liberty; Claiborne, 13,078, Port Gibson; Clarke, 2,986, Quitman ; Copiah, 8,954, Gallatin ; Covington, 2,717, Williamsburg ; Franklin, 4,775, Meadville; Greene, 1,636, Leakeville; Hancock, 3,367, Shieldsborough ; Harrison, Mississippi City ; Hinds, 19,098, Raymond ; Holmes, 9,452, Lexington; Jackson, 1,965, Jackson C. H. ; Jasper, 3,953, Paulding ; Jefferson, 11,650, Fayette; Jones, 1,258, Ellisville; Kemper, 7,663, DeKalb ; Lauderdale, 5,358, Marion; Lawrence, 5,920, Monticello; Leake, 2,162, Car- thage ; Madison, 15,530, Canton; Neshoba, 2,437, Philadelphia; Newton, 2,527, Decatur; Per- ry, 1,839, Augusta ; Pike, 6,151, Holmesville; Rankin, 4,631, Brandon; Scott, 1,653, Hillsbo- ^ougI^; Simpson, 3,330, Westville ; Smith, 1,961, Raleigh; Warren, 15,820, Vicksburg; Wash- ington, 7,287, Princeton; Wayne, 2,120, Winchester; Wilkinson, 14, 193, Woodville ; Yazoo, 10,480, Benton. The southern part of this state for about 100 miles from the Gulf of Mexico is mostly a sandy, level pine forest, interspersed with cypress swamps, open prairies, and inundated marshes, and a few hills of moderate elevation. This region is generally healthy, and by cultivation produces cotton, Indian corn, indigo, sugar, and plums, cherries, peaches, figs, sour oranges, and grapes. As you proceed further north, the country becomes more elevated and agreeably diversified, and the soil is a deep rich mold, producing abundantly, cotton, Indian corn, sweet potatoes, indigo, peaches, melons, and grapes. The natural growth of timber con.sists of poplar, hickory, oak, black walnut, sugar maple, cotton wpod, magnolia, lime, and sassafras. The country in the north part of the state is healthy and productive ; and the lands watered by the Yazoo, through its whole course, in the n. w., are very fertile. The Mississippi river, with its various windings, borders this state about 700 miles ; and its margin consists of inundated swamp, covered with a large growth of timber. Back of this, the surface suddenly rises into what are called bluffs ; and behind these the country is a moderately elevated table land, with a diversified surface. Cotton is the principal production of this state, as it is found to be more profitable than others to which the soil is also well adapted. In this state there were in 1840, 109,227 horses and mules ; 623,197 neat cattle ; 128,367 sheep ; 1,001,209 s wine ; poultry to the value of §369,482. There were produced 196,626 bushels of wheat ; 1,654 of barley ; 668,624 of oats ; 11,444 of rye ; 13,161,237 of Indian corn ; 175,196 pounds of wool ; 6,835 of wax; 1,630,100 bushels of potatoes ; 83,471 pounds of tobacco; 777,195 of rice; 193,401,577 of cotton. Tlie produce of the dairy was valued at $359,585 ; of the orchard at ,$14,458 ; of lumber ,«!l92,794; Uir, pitch, &c., 2,248 barrels. The climate is mild, btit very variable. The extremes of heat and cold at Natchez, for 1840, were from 26 to 94 of Fahrenheit The sugar cane and orange tree cannot be cultivated with success n. of lat. 31° MIS 415 MIS The Mississippi river washes the entire western border of this state. The Yazoo is the largest river that has its wliole course in the state. It rises in the n. w. part, and after a course of 250 miies, enters the Mississippi. The Pascagoula river, after a course of 250 miles, enters the Gulf of Mexico. At its mouth it widens hito a bay, on which .stands the town of Pascagoula. It is navigable for a considerable distance for small vessels. The Big Black river, after a course of 200 miles, enters the Mississippi just above (Jrand Gulf It has a boat navigation of 50 miles. Pearl river rises in the central part of this state and passes through it to the s., and in its lower part forms the boundary between this state and Louisiana, and enters the Rigolets between lakes Pontchartrain and Borgne. Its navigation is much impeded by shallows, sand-bars, ami obstruc- tions of timber. Homochilto is a considerable river which enters the Mississippi. Besides these there are a few other small rivers amd creeks. A chain of low sandy islands, 6 or 7 miles from the shore, enclose several bays or sounds, the largest of which are Pascagoula Sound and Lake Borgne, which lies partly in Louisiana. This state has but 60 miles of seacoast, and no harbor for that distance but that of Mississippi City, wliich does not admit of large vessels. The largest and most commercial place in the state is Natchez, on the e. bank of the 3Iississippi, situated chiefly on a high bluff, 300 feet above the lev;^! of the river, and 300 miles above New Orleans. Vicksburgh, lOG miles above Natchez, and 12 miles below the mouth of the Yazoo river, is a growing place and has an extensive trade. The other principal places are, Jackson, on Pearl river ; Woodville, 18 miles from the Mississippi, in the s. w. part of the state ; Port Gibson, and Grand Gulf, its port on the Mississippi ; Columbus, on the Tombigbee ; and Pontotoc and Hernando, in the n., and Mississippi City, on the gulf shore. There were in this .'^tate in 1840, 7 commercial and 67 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $673,900 ; 755 retail drygoods and other stores, employing a capital of $5,004,420; 228 persons engaged in the lumber trade, employing a capital of $132,175; 40 persons employed in internal transportation, and 15 butchers, packers, &c., employing a capital of $4,250. The amount of home-made or family articles was $682,945 ; there were 53 cotton manufactories, with 318 spindles, employing 81 persons, producing articles lo the amount of $1,744, with a capital of $6,42(5 ; hats and caps were produced to the amount of $5,140, employing 13 persons, with a capital of $8,100; 128 tanneries employed 149 persons, and a capital of $70,870; 42 other manufactories of leather, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the amount of $118,167, and employed a capital of $41,945; 1 pottery, employing 2 persons, produced to the amount of $1,200, with a capital of $200 ; 4 persons produced drugs and paints to the amount of $3,125, with a capi- tal of $500 ; 2 persons produced confectionery to the amount of $10,500 ; 274 persons produced machinery to the amount of $242,225 ; 693 persons produced bricks and lime to the amount of $273,870, with a capital of $222,745 ; there were produced 312,084 pounds of soap, 31,957 do. of tallow candles, and 97 do. of spermaceti candles ; 132 persons produced carriages and wagons to the amount of $49,693, with a capital of $34,345 ; 16 flouring mills produced 1,809 barrels of flour, and with other mills employed 923 persons, and manufactured articles to the amount of $486,864, with a capital of .$1,219,845 ; vessels were built to the amount of $13,925 ; furniture was manu- factured by 41 persons, to the amount of $34,450, with a capital of $28,610 ; 14 distilleries produced 3,150 gallons, and 2 breweries produced 132 gallons, employing 12 persons, and a capital of $910 ; 144 stone or brick houses, and 2,247 wooden houses, were built by 2,487 persons, and cost $1,175,513; 28 printing offices, and 1 bindery, 2 daily, 1 semi-weekly, and 28 weekly newspapers, employed 94 persons, and a capital of $83,510. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures was $1,797,727. There are three colleges in this state. Jefferson College, at Washington, 6 miles E. of Natchez, was fomided in 1802, and has been liberally endowed ; Oakland College, at Oakland, was founded in 1831, and is a flourishing institution ; Mississippi College, at Clinton, was founded in 1830. In these institutions there were in 1840, about 250 students. There were in the state 71 academies, with 2,553 students ; and 332 primary and common schools, with 8,236 scholars. There were 8,360 white persons over 20 years of age who coula neither read nor write. The Methodists and Baptists are the most numerous religious denominations in this state. In 1835, the Methodists had 53 travellmg preachers, and 9,707 communicants ; the Baptists had 84 churches, 34 ministers, and 3,199 communicants ; the Episcopalians had 4 ministers ; the Presby- terians of different descriptions had 32 churches, and 26 ministers. In the beginning of 1840, there were 38 banks and branches in this state, with an aggregate cap- ital of $30,379,403, and a circulation of $15,171,639. At the close of 1840, the state debt amount- ed to $12,400,000. The constitution of this state was formed in 1817. The governor is elected by the people, for 2 years, on the first Monday of August. A lieutenant-governor is chosen at the same time for the same period, who is president of the senate ; and, in case of the death, resignation, or absence of the governor, liis duties devolve on the lieutenant-governor. The senators are elected for three MIS 416 MIS years, one third of the number being chosen annually. They cannot be less than one fourth, nor more than one third of the whole number of the representatives. The representatives are elected annually on the first Monday in August, in the ratio of one to every 3,000 white inhabitants. Each county, however, is entitled to one, though the num!)er of its inhabitants sliould not equal that number. The general assembly meets annually at Jackson, on the first Monday of November. Every free white male citizen of the United States, of 21 years of age, who lias resided in the state one year next preceding the election, and 6 months in the county, city, or town in which he offers to vote, and is enrolled in the militia, unless exempt from military duty, or has paid a state or county tax, enjoys the right of suffrage. The judges of the supreme court are appointed by t!ie general assembly, and hold their offices during good behavior, or until they are 65 years of age. The following works of internal improvement have been undertaken. West Feliciana railroad extends from St. Francisville, in Louisiana, on the Mississippi, 27i miles, to Woodville, in Mississip- pi, and cost $500,000. Vicksburgh and Clinton railroad extends from Vicksburgh, 45 miles, to Jack- son, the capital of the state, with a branch to Raymond, 6j miles. The New Orleans and Nashville railroad will extend through this state. The Mississippi railroad, to extend from Natchez, 112 miles, to Jackson, is finished to Malcom, a distance of 40 miles. The Jackson and Brandon railroad is 14 miles long, and connects these places. The Grand Gulf and Port Gibson railroad is 7i miles long, connecting the two places. Several other railroads are proposed, which are those from Natchez to Woodville, 41 miles ; from Manchester to Benton, 14 miles; from Prmceton to Deer Creek, 20 miles ; from Brandon to Mobile, and from Columbus to Aberdeen. In 1716, the French formed a settlement where the city of Natchez now stands, and laid claim to the country as belonging to Louisiana. This colony was afterward destroyed by the Indians in the vicmity. In 1763, the country was ceded to the British. North of the 31st degree of n. lat. this territory was within the chartered limits of Georgia. In 1795, the legislature of Georgia sold 22,000,000 acres of land in this state, called the Yazoo purchase, to 4 companies, for $500,000, who subsequently sold it at an advanced price to various persons, mostly in the eastern and middle states. The next year the legislature declared the sale unconstitutional, and ordered the records of it to be burned, without refunding the money. The part of this state south of lat. 31° n. be- longed to Florida, and was purchased with it by the United States, of Spain, in 1821. In 1798, this state together with Alabama were constituted a territory under the name of the Mississippi territory, and continued under this government until 1817, when this state formed a constitution, and was admitted to the Union. Mississippi, county. Ark. Situated in the n. E. part of the state, and contains 1,000 sq. ms. It lies between Mississippi r. on the E., and St. Francis r. on the w. Drained by Whitewater r. Capital, Osceola. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,042, sheep 76, swine 5,022 ; Ind. corn 107,615 bush, produced, potatoes 3,908, cotton 22,500 ; 1 store, cap. $14,000 ; 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. whites 900, slaves 510 ; total 1,410. Mississippi City, p-v., capital of Harrison co., Miss., 265 s. s. E. Jackson, 1,143 W. Situated on the Gulf coast. It contains a court house, several stores and dwellings. Mississippi, t., Scott co.. Mo. Pop. 615. Missouri, a large river in the United States, rises in the Rocky mountains, and takes tliis name after the union of three branches, denomi- nated Jefferson, Gallatin, and Madison, in 45° 10' N. lat., and 110 w. Ion. The spring sources of the Missouri and those of the Columbia, which flows w. to the Pacific, are not more than a mile apart. At the distance of 411 miles from the extreme point of navigation of its head branches, the Missouri passes through the Rocky moun- tains by wliat is denominated the Gates, the view of wliich is exceedingly grand. For a dis- tance of 6 miles, the rocks rise perpendicularly from the water's edge to the height of nearly 1,200 feet. The river is compressed to the width of 150 yards, and rushes impetuously through this great mountain passage. 110 miles below this, and 521 from its source, are the great falls, 2,575 ms. above its entrance into the Mississippi. The river descends 357 feet in 18 miles, by a succession of falls. The greatest fall is 87 feet perpendicular, and the next is 47. The width of the river is here about 350 yards, and these falls, next to Niagara, are probably the grandest in tlie world. The Yellowstone r., 800 yards wide at its mouth, enters the Missouri from the s. w., 521 miles from its source, and 1,880 miles from its mouth. The Chienne, 400 yards at its mouth, enters it on the s. w., 1,310 miles from its mouth. The White river, 300 yards wide, enters it on the s. w., 1,130 miles from its mouth. The James and the Big Sioux enter it from the N. E. Tlie Platte, 600 yards wide, enters it from the s. w., 2,496 miles from its source, and 600 from its mouth, in lat. 41° 4' n. The Kansas, 233 yards wide, enters it from the s. w., 340 miles from its mouth, in lat. 39° 5', 2,756 miles from its .source. Grand river enters it from the n. e., 240 miles from its mouth, and is 190 yards wide. La Mine river enters it from the s. w. Osage river, 397 yards wide, enters it from the s. w., 200 miles from its mouth, 2,963 miles from its source, in lat. 38° 45'. The Gasconade also enters it from the s. w. The Missouri enters the Mississippi 3,096 miles from its source, which added to l,3it5 miles, the distance to the Gulf of Mexico, makes its whole length 4,491 miles. Through this vast length there is no substantial obstruction to the navigation, excepting the great falls. Its prin- cipal tributaries are each navigable from 100 to 800 miles. Through the greater part of its course the Missouri is a rapid and turbid stream. The fertile land on its margin, and on those of its tributaries, is not very broad, and back of this are prairies of vast extent. The country which it waters, is much of it not as invi'ing for set- tlement as that of some of the other tributaries of the Mississippi. The river is half a mile wide at its entrance into the Mississippi, but through the greater part of its course it is much wider. MIS 417 MIS MISSOURI. Missouri, one of the western United States, is bounded n. by Iowa Territory ; e. by Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee, from which it is separated by the Mississippi river ; s. by Arkansas ; and w. by the Indian Territory. It is between 36° and 40° 36' n. lat., and between 89° and 95° 30' w. Ion., and between 12° 17' and 17° 28' w. Ion. from W. It is 287 miles long, and 230 broad, containing 64,000 square miles, or 40,960,000 acres. The population in ISIO, was 19,833 ; in 1820, 66,586; in 1830, 140,074; in 1840, 383,702, of which 58,240 were slaves. Of the free population, 173,470 were white males ; 150,418 do. females ; 883 were colored males ; 6'Jl do. females. Era- ployed in agriculture, 92,408 ; in commerce, 2,522 ; in manufactures and trades, 11,100 ; in mining, 742 ; navigating the ocean, 39 ; do. canals, rivers, &c. 1,885 ; learned professions, 1,469. This state is divided into 62 counties, which, with their population in 1810, and their capitals, were as follows : Audrain, 1,949, Mexico; Barry, 4,795, McDonald; Benton, 4,205, Warsaw; BooNE, 13,561, Columbia; Buchanan, 6,237, Sparta; Caldwell, 1,458, Far West; Callaavay, 11,765, Fulton; Cape Girardeau, 9,359, Jackson; Carroll, 2,433, Carrollton ; Chariton, 4,746, Keytesville ; Clark, 2,846, Waterloo ; Clay, 8,282, Liberty ; Clinton, 2,724, Plattsburg ; Cole, 9,286, Jefferson City ; Cooper, 10,484, Booneville ; Crawford, 3,561, Steelville ; Daviess, 2,736, Gallatin; Franklin, 7,515, Union ; G.\sconade, 5,330, Herman ; Greene, 5,372, Springfield ; How- ard, 13,108, Fayette ; Jackson, 7,612, Independence ; Jefferson, 4,296, liillsboro' ; Johnson, 4,471, Warrensburg ; La Fayette, 6,815, Lexington; Lewis, 6,040, Monticello ; Lincoln, 7,449, Troy ; Linn, 2,245, Linneus ; Livingston, 4,325, Chilicothe ; Macon, 6,034, Bloomington ; Madi- son, 3,395, FredericktowTi ; Marion, 9,623, Palmyra; Miller, 2,282, Tuscumbia; Monroe, 9,505, Paris; Morgan, 4,407, Versailles; Montgomery, 4,371, Danville; New Madrid, 4,554, New Madrid, Newton, 3,790, Neosho; Perry, 5,760, Perry ville ; Pettis, 2,9 30, Georgetown; Platte, 8,913, Platte City; Pike, 10,646, Bowling Green : Polk, 8,449, Bohvar; Pulaski, 6,529, Waynesville ; Ralls, 5,670, New London ; Randolph, 7,198, Huntsville ; Ray, 6,553, Richmond ; Ripley, 2,856, Van Buren ; Rives, (name changed to Henry,) 4,726, Clinton ; St. Charles, 7,911, St. Charles; St. Francis, 3,211, Farmington ; St. Genevieve, 3,148, St. Genevieve; St. Louis, 35,979, St. Louis ; Salink, 5,258, Marshall ; Scott, 5,974, Benton ; Shelby, 3,056, Shelby- ville; Stoddard, 3,153, Bloomfield ; Taney, 3,264, Forsyth; Van Buren, 4,693, Harrisonville ; Warren, 4,253, Warrenton; Washington, 7,213, Potosi; Wayne, 3,403, Greenville. There have been several new counties erected since 1840. Jefferson City, on the s. bank of the Missouri river, 15 miles above the mouth of the Osage r., is the seat of government. This state presents a great variety of surface and of soil. Alluvial or bottom land is found on the margin of the rivers ; receding from them, the land rises, sometimes almost imperceptibly, some- times very abruptly, into elevated barrens or rocky ridges. In the interior, bottoms and barrens, naked lulls and prairies, heavy forests and streams of water, may often be seen at one view, pre- senting a diversified and beautiful landscape. The southeast part of the slate has a very exten- sive tract of low- marshy country, abounding in lakes, and liable to inundation. Back of this, a hilly country extends as far as the Osage river. Tliis portion of the state, though not generally distinguished for the fertility of its soil, though it is interspersed with fertile portions, is particularly celebrated for its mineral treasures. Of the minerals and fossils already discovered, the principal are lead, coal, plaster, iron, manganese, zinc, antimony, cobalt, various kinds of ochre, common salt, nitre, plumbago, porphyry, jasper, chalcedony, and marble. Lead is extensively found ; a dis- trict 100 miles long and 40 broad, the centre of whicii is 70 miles s. w. of St, Louis, and about 35 from Herculaneum, is the part of the state where it is procured in the greatest abmidance. This lead region covers an area of more than 3,000 square miles. The ore is of the richest kind, and exists in quantities more tlian sufficient to supply the demand of the whole United States. The iron mines are scarcely less remarkable than the lead. In St. Francis coimty exists the celebra- ted " mountain" of micaceous oxide of iron, which has an elevation of 300 feet above the surround- ing plain, is a mile and a half across its summit, and yields SO per of cent pure metal. Five miles south is another magnificent pyramidal " mountain," denominated the Pilot Knob, 300 feet high, with a base a mile and a half m circumference, of the same rich species of iron ore. This pyra- mid is not in plates, but huge masses of several tons in weight, wliich yields also 80 per cent of pure metal. Waslungton county is a perfect bed of metallic treasures. Throughout the mineral district, are found beds of rich, red, marl clay, which proves to be the very best manure for the soil. Between the Osage and Missouri rivers, is a tract of country very fertile, and agreeably diversified with woodland and prairie, and abounding with coal, salt sprmgs, &c. The country north of the Missouri is emphatically the " garden of the west." There is no part m the world where a greater extent of country can be traversed more easily, when in its natural state. The surface is for the most part delightfully roUing and variegated, sometimes rising into picturesque hills, then stretching away into a sea of prairie, occasionally interspersed with shady groves and 53 MIS 418 MIS shining streams. Almost every acre of this country is susceptible of high agricultural improve- ment. The chief productions are tobacco, cotton, Indian corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, and grasses. Large numbers of horses, mules, horned cattle, sheep, and bogs are annually raised for exportation. In the year 1840, there were in this state 196,132 horses and mules ; 433,875 neat cattle ; 348,01S sheep; 1,271,161 swine ; poultry valued at $270,647. There were produced 1,037,386 bushels of vviieat; 9,801 of barley ; 2,234,947 of oats ; 68,608 of rye ; 15,318 of buckwheat ; 17,-332,524 ofin- dian corn ; 562,265 pounds of wool ; 56,461 of wa.x ; 783,768 bushels of potatoes ; 49,083 tons of hay ; 18,010 of hemp and flax ; 9,067,913 pounds of tobacco ; 121,121 of cotton ; 274,853 of sugar. The products of the dairy were valued at $100,432 ; of the orchard at $90,878 ; of lumber at $70,355. The climate of this state, though generally healthy, is subject to great extremes of heat and cold. The Missouri is frozen so hard for a number of weeks in the winter, as to be safely crossed with loaded wagons. In the summer, the heat is often great, but the air is generally pure, and dry, and salubrious. The Mississippi winds along the entire eastern boundary of the state, for a distance of 400 miles, and receives in its course the waters of the great Missouri, which, indeed, deserves to be regarded as the main stream. Through the central and richest part of the state the Missouri rolls its im- mense volume of water, being navigable for steamboats 1,800 ms. fromit.? entrance into the Mississip- pi, for 4 or 5 months in the year. The I,a jMine, Osage, and Gasconade on the s., and the Grand and Chariton on the n. side, are navigable tributaries of the Mis,souri. Maramec river runs through the mineral district, is a navigable stream, and enters the Mississippi 18 miles below St. Louis. Salt river, which is also navigable, enters the Mississippi 85 miles above the Missouri. The White and St. Francis drain the s. e. and the tributaries of the Neosho the s. w. part of the state. St. Louis is much the largest and most commercial place in the state. It is situated on the w. bank of the Mississippi, 18 miles below the mouth of the Missouri. St. Genevieve, about 100 miles w. of the Mississippi, and 64 below St. Louis, is settled principally by French, and has consid- erable trade, particularly in lead. Potosi, in the mining district, is a flourishing town. Herculane- um is the principal place of deposit for lead from the mines. New Madrid is the most noted land- ing place for boats on the Mississippi, above Natchez, and Clarkesville and Hannibal n. of St. Louis. St. Charles, on the Missouri, 20 miles above St. Louis, is an important place, and Booneville, Lex- ington, Liberty, and Independence, in the w. part of the state. Jefferson City, the capital, on the Missouri, 134 miles from St. Louis, is a growing place. There were in 1810, 3 commercial and 39 commission houses engaged m foreign trade, with a capital of $746,500; 1,107 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $8,158,802: 345 persons employed in the lumber trade, with a capital of $318,029; 79 persons engaged in internal transportation, who, with 128 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $173,650. The amount of home-made or family manufactures wa.s $1,149,544 ; there were 9 woollen manufactories, em- ploying 13 persons, producing articles to the amount of $13,750, and employing a capital of $5,000: 2 furnaces, producing 180 tons of cast iron, and 4 forges, &c., producing 1 18 tons of bar iron, the whole employing 80 persons, and a capital of $79,000; 21 smelting houses, producing 5,295,455 pounds of lead, employing 252 persons, and a capital of $235,806 ; 69 persons produced 249,302 bushels of bituminous coal, employing a capital of $9,488; 36 persons produced 13,150 bushels of salt, with a capital of $3,550; 12 potteries produced articles to the amount of $12,175, employing 33 persons, and a capital of $7,250 ; 191 persons produced machinery to the amount of $190,412; 48 persons produced 959 small-arms ; 12 persons manufaclvired the precious metals to the amount of $5,450 ; 73 persons produced granite and marble to the amount of $32,050 ; 671 persons pro- duced bricks and lime to the amount of $185,234 ; 293 distilleries produced 508,368 gallons, and 7 breweries produced 374,700 gallons, the whole employing 365 persons, and a capital of $189,976 ; 201 persons produced carriages and wagons to the amount of $97,112, with a capital of $45,074: 1 powder mill, employing 2 persons, produced 7,500 pounds of gunpowder, with a capital of $1,050; 8 persons produced drugs and paints to the amount of $13,500, with a capital of $7,000; 64 flour- ing mills produced 49,363 barrels of ftour, and, with other mills, employed 1,326 persons, producing articles to the amount of $960,058, with a capital of $1,266,019 ; 413 brick or stone houses, and 2,202 wooden houses, were built by 1,966 persons, and cost $1,441,573 ; 40 prmting offices, 6 daily, 5 semi-weekly, or tri-weekly, and 24 weekly newspapers, employed 143 persons, and a capital of $79,350. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures was $2,704,405. The University of St. Louis, (a Catholic institution,) at St. Louis, was founded in 1829 ; St. Mary's College, at Barrens, (also Catholic,) was founded in 1830 ; Marion College, at New Palmyra, was founded in 1831 ; Missouri University, at Columbia, was founded in 1840 ; St. Charles College, at St. Charles, is a Methodist institution, founded in 1839 ; Fayette College, at Fayette, is a new in- stitution. In all these colleges there were in 1840, 495 students. There were in the state, 47 acad- emies, with 1,926 students ; and 642 primary and common schools, with 16,788 scholars. There were 19,457 white persons over 20 years of age who could neither read nor write. MOB 419 MOB In 1836 the Methodists had 51 travelling preachers, and 8,69-2 members ; the Baptists had 145 churches, 86 ministers, and 4,972 communicants ; the Presbyterians had 33 churches and 17 min- isters ; the Roman Catholics had 1 bishop and 30 ministers ; the Episcopalians had 3 ministers. Besides these there were a considerable number of Cumberland and Associate Reformed Presby- terians, and 1 Unitarian minister. In 1839, there were in this state 3 banlis and branches, with an aggregate capital of $1,116,123, and a circulation of $410,740. At the close of 1840, the state debt amounted to $2,929,557. The constitution of this state was formed at St. Louis in 1820. The Governor is elected by the people for 4 years, but is ineligible for the next succeeding 4 years. A lieutenant-governor is cho- sen at the same time, and for the same term, who is president of the senate. Every county is en- tilled to send one representative, but the whole number can never e.vceed 100. The senators are elected every 4 years, one half retiring every second year ; and their number can never be less than 14, nor more than 33, chosen by districts, and apportioned according to the number of free white inhabitants. The elections for senators and representatives are held biennially in August. The legislature meets once in two years, in the month of November, at Jefferson City. Every male white citizen, over 21 years of age, who has resided one year in the state and three months of it in the county in which he offers his vote, is entitled to the right of suffrage. The judges of the supreme court and the chancellor are appointed by the governor, with the consent of the sen- ate, and hold their offices during good behavior, or nntil 65 years of age. The territory of tliis state was included in Louisiana, purchased of the French government in 1803. The town of St. Louis was settled by the French in 1764, but was little more than a trading post with the Indians, until it came into the possession of the United Stales. In 1804 it was constitu- ted a territory, and in 1821 it was admitted to the Union, after much debate on the subject of sla- very, allowed by its constitution, under certain restrictions. Missouri, t., Boone co , Mo. It has 8 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. 2,961. ' Missouri, t., Scott co.. Mo. Pop. 504. Missouri, p-v.. Pike co., Ala., 165 s. e. Tusca- loosa, 873 W. Missouri, t.. Pike co.. Ark. Pop. 205. Missouri, t. Hempstead co.. Ark. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 672. MissouRiTON, p-v., St. Charles co.. Mo., 92 e. by N. Jefferson City, 854 W. Situated on the N. side of the Missouri r. Mitchell's Mills, p-o., Indiana co.. Pa,, 166 w. by N. Harrisburg, 219 W. Mitchell's Store, p-o., Goochland co., Va., 41 w. N. w. Richmond, 156 W. Mitchell's Store, p-o., Tishemingo co., Miss., 213 E. N. E. Jackson, 840 W. Mitchell, t., Poinsett co.. Ark. It has 1 dis- tillery, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $250. 1 sch. 17 scholars. Pop. 414. Mitchellsville, p-v., Robertson co., Tenn., 34 N. Nashville, 6S6 W. MiXENBUiiGH, p-v., Greene co., Ala. Mixvillk, p-v., Hume t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 267 w. by s. Albany, 319 W. Situated on West Koy cr., which has a succession of falls of 73 feet, affording extensive water power. It con- tains 1 grist m., 2 saw m., and 15 or 20 dwellings. Mobile, bay, Ala. The bay sots up from the Gulf of Mexico, and is 30 ms. long, and, on an average, 12 miles broad. It communicates with the gulf by 2 straits, one on each side of Dauphin island. The strait on the w. side, will not admit of vessels drawing more than 5 feet water ; that on the E. side, between the island and Mobile Point, has 18 feet water, and the channel passes within a few yards of the point. There is a bar across the bay, near its upper end, which has only 11 feet water. Mobile, r., Ala., is formed by the junction of the Alabama andTombigbee rivens, 40 ms. above Mobile city. A few miles below the junction, it divides into several channels. The main west- ern channel is called the Mobile ; the main east- ern channel, wliich is the deepest and widest, is called the Tensaw. It is navigable for vessels drawing 5 or 6 feet of water by the Tombigbee branch to St. Stephens, and by the Alabama branch to Claiborne. The two branches unite in 31° 06' N. lat., and 11° 05' w. Ion. from W. In times of flood it sometimes rises 51) or 60 feet. Mobile, county, Ala. Situated in the s. vv. part of the state, and contains 2,250 sqiiare miles. Tombigbee and Mobile rivers run on its e. bor- der, by small branches of which it is drained on the E. ; on the w. it is drained by branches of Pascagoula r. Fascagoula bay lies on its s. bor- der. The surface is undulating near the gulf, and liilly toward the n.. ; and ilie soil is sterile, cov- ered chiefly with pine Jorest. Capital. Mobile. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,280, sheep 934, swine 8,969; Ind. corn 31,991 bush, produced, potatoes 32,800 ; 21 commercial and 93 commis- sion houses, cap. $3,129,612; 248 stores, capital $1,861,695; 22 grist m., 20 saw m., 5 printing of- fices, 1 bindery, 3 daily, 4 weekly, 1 semi-week- ly newspapiirs. Cap. in manufac. $475,600. 1 college, 62 students, 11 acad. 297 students, 11 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. whites 11,763, slaves 6,191, free col'd 787 ; total, 18,741. Mobile, city, port of entry, and capital of Mobile CO., Ala., '.^17 s. by w. Tuscaloosa, 1,013 VV. Situated on the w. side of a river of the same name, at its entrance into A^Iobile bay, 30 x. Mobile Point, at the mouth of the bay, 55 vv. by X. Pensacola, 10 w. by s. Blakeley, 90 by land, and 120 by water s. St. Stephens, 160 e. n. E. New Orleani, in 30° 40' n. lat., 8;So 21' w. Ion. Pop. 1830, 3,194; 1840, 12,072, of whom .3,869 were slaves. It contains a court house, jail, market, custom house, city hospital, a United States naval hospital, 3 banks. Barton Academy, 7 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Bap- tist, 2 Methodist, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 Al>i- ean. It is situated on a beautiful and extended plain, elevated 15 feet above the highest tides, open to refreshing breezes from the bay, and commanding a beautiful prospect. Vessels draw- ing more than 8 feet water pass up Spanish r., 6 miles, around a marshy island into Mobile r., and MON 420 MON then drop down to the city. It has 46 wharves and next to New Orleans, it is the greatest cotton mart of the south ; 320,000 bales have been ex- ported in a year. The exports amount to from 12 to 16 millions of dollars annually. Tonnage of the port, 1810, 17,243. It is defended by Fort Morgan, formerly Fort Bowyer, situated on a long, low, sandy point, at the mouth of the bay, 30 ms. below the city, opposite to Dauphin island. It was surrendered to the Americans by Spain in 1813, chartered as a town hi 1814, incorporated as a city in 1819. It has suffered severely by fire ; 170 build- ings were burned in 1827, and GOO in 1833. But it has been rebuilt, with additional beauty and con- venience. Excellent water is brought in iron pipes, a distance of 2 ms., and distributed over the city. MocKsviLLE, p-v., capital of Davie co., N. C, 141 w. Raleigh, 36U W. MoDEN.\, p-o., PlattekiU t., Ulster co., N. Y., 80 s. s. w. Albany, 300 W. M0DE.ST Town, p-v., Accomac co., Va., 228 e. Richmond, 192 W. Situated 2 ms. from tidewa- ter. It contains 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, various mechanics, 1 tannery, and about 50 inhabitants. Moffett's Store, p-o.. New Lebanon t., Co- lumbia CO., N. Y., 19 s. Albany, 372 W. MoFFETTsviLLE, p-v., Andcrson dist., S. C, 117 w. N. w. Columbia, 519 W. Moffitt's Mills, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 67 w. Raleigh, 341 W. Mohawk, r., N. Y., rises in Oneida co., and after a course first s. and then E. by s., 135 miles, it enters the Hudson r. by several mouths, at Wa- terford, 8 or 10 ms. above Albany. It has 2 prin- cipal falls, Little Falls of 40 feet, and the Cahoos, of 70 feet perpendicular, 2 ms. from its mouth. Both these falls afford extensive water power. Below tlie Cahoos is a bridge across the r., from which the view of the falls is sublime and beau- tiful. The Erie canal passes along its banks, as far as Rome. I'he lands on the borders of the r. are very fertile. Mohawk, p-v., German Flats t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 79 w. N. w. Albany. Situated on the s. side of Mohawk r., on the Erie canal, and con- tains a church, a bank, 10 stores, 120 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. MoiLvwK, t., JMontgomery co., N. Y. It con- tan>s the v. of Fonda, the capital of the county. The surface is hilly n. ; level, and very fertile in the valley of the Mohawk, which r. bounds it on the s. It has 7 stores, cap. $21,000 ; 2 fulhng ra., 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $17,000. 9 sch. 238 scholars. Pop. 3,112. Mohican, p-t., Wayne co., O., 88 n. e. Colum- bus, 359 W. Fop. 2,046. MoHRSviLLE, p-o., Berks co., Pa., 62 e. Har- risburg, 155 W. MoiRA, p-t., Franklin co., N. Y., 227 n. by w. Albany, 518 W. The surface is level ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Little Salmon r. The v. con- tains 1 free church, 1 store, and l5 or 20 dwell- ings. 9 sch. 322 scholars. Pop. 962. MoLLTOwN, p-v., Berks co., Pa., 64 e. Harris- burg, 156 W. MoNADNOcK Mountain, N. H., commonly called Grand Monadnock, is situated in Cheshire CO., 22 E. Connecticut r., between Jaffrey and Dublin. It extends about 5 ms. from n. to s., and 3 ms. from e. to w. It rises 3,254 feet above the level of the sea, and may be seen at the distance of 60 ms. in every direction. The summit con- sists of bald rock, and the prospect from it is ex- tensive and grand. Plumbago or blacldead is found, in large quantities on its e. side. There is a mineral spring near its base in Jaffrey. Monday Creek, t., Perry co., O. It has 5 sch. 150 sclKjlars. Pop. 986. MoNEGAN, t., Rives co., 3Io. It has 3 sch. 55 scholars. Pop. 1,105. M0NGOQ.UINONG, p-v.. La Grange co., la., 176 N. by E. Indianapolis, 564 VV. MoNGUARON, t., Wayne co., Mich. Surface gently undulating. It is partly comprised of an island of the same name in the Detroit strait. Pop. 307. IVloNHEGAN, Island, Lincoln co.. Me. It has 1 sch. 42 scholars. Pop. 77. Moniteau, p-t.. Cole co., Mo., 20 n. w. Jeffer- son City, 956 W. It has 2 sch. 51 scholars. Pop. 1,533. Moniteau, t.. Cooper co., Mo. It has 1 acad. 24 students, 4 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 1,514. Moniteau, t., Howard co.. Mo. It has 7 sch. 163 scholars. Pop. 1,4S2. 3Ionk's Corners, p-o., Charleston dist., S. C, 149 s. E. Columbia, 956 W. Monkton, p-t., Addison co., Vt., 50 w. by s. Montpelier, 500 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, well adapted to grazing. Watered by branches of Lewis er. Ou the s. border of the t. is a pond a mile long and half a mile wide, the outlet of which flows into Lewis cr. Iron ore is found in large quantities in the s. part, of a superior quality. A mile n. of the ore bed is found an extensive bed of kaolin, or porcelain clay. The t. contains 3 churches. It has 3 stores, cap. $15,000 ; 1 tan- nery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in "manufactures .$10,500. 12 sch. 555 scholars. Pop. 1,310. Monmouth, county, N. J. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 1,030 sq. ms. The surface is generally level. The whole belongs to the alluvial formation, and consists of clay, mingled with sand, gravel, and in low places, vegetable mold. In many parts marl is found, which is extensively and successfully used as a manure. Drained by Manasquan, Cedar, Oys- ter, Manahocking, and Westecunk creeks, and Nevisink, Shrewsbury, Tom's, and Forked rivers. From the n., Millstone and South rivers flow to the Raritan, and the w. sends forth the Assun- pink, the Crosswick's, and the Rancocus to the Delaware. Capital, Freehold. There were in 1840, neat cattle 19,592, sheep 18,694, swine 23,241 ; wheat 39,368 bush, prod., rye 166,013, Ind. corn 493,554, buckwheat 39,256, barley 3,411, oats 144,066, potatoes 273,280, silk cocoons 1,234 pounds ; 147 stores, cap. $269,007 ; 8 lum- ber yards, cap. $9,200 ; 7 furnaces, 2 forges, 2 fullhig m., 15 tanneries, 29 distilleries, 1 rope fac, 54 grist m., 56 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 daily newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $245,360. 2 acad. Ill students, 94 sch. 4,995 scholars. Pop. 32,909. Monmouth, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 16 s. w. Augusta, 592 W. Watered by sources of Cob- besseconte r. Incorporated in 1792. It has a pleasant v., in which is an academy. It contains 7 stores, cap. $3,700 ; 1 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 3 flouring m., 4 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $9,694. 1 acad. 164 students. Population 1,882. Monmouth, p-v., Adams co., la., 135 n. e. In- dianapolis, 525 W. Situated on the n. e. side of St. Mary's r. Monmouth, p-v., capital of Warren co.. 111., 120 N. w. Springfield, 850 W. Situated in a prairie, a little .s. of Henderson r., and contains a court house, 6 stores and groceries, and about 20 dwellings. Monohan, t., York co., Pa. The surface is undulating ; soil, gravelly, and calcareous loam. It has 2 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 MON 49! MON saw m. Cap. in manufac. $26,400. 4 sch. IGO scholars. Pop. 770. MoNO\G.\HELA, r., Pa., rises in Randolph co., Va., at, foot of the Laurel mountains, and after a course, in a n. direction, of 300 ms., unites with the Alleghany r., at Pittsburg, to form the Ohio r. It is nearly 400 yards wide at its mouth, where it is crossed by a bridge. It is navigable for large boats 60 ms. from its mouth to Brownsville, and for small boats, 200 ms. from its mouth. Its prin- cipal tributaries are Cheat r. and Youghiogeny r., which enter it on the e. side. MoNo.NGAHEL.'i, t., Greene co., P., 14 s. e. Waynesburg. The surface is rolling ; soil, loam. Monongahela r. bounds it on the e. Drained by Whitley cr. It has 6 stores, cap. $15,000; I fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 4 distille- ries, 1 glass fac, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,355. 3 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 1,178. M0N0NGAHEL.A City, p-v., Fallowfield t., Washington co.. Pa., 189 w. Harrisburg, 216 W. MoiVO.N'GALiA, county, Va. Situated in the .m. w. part of the state, and contains 560 sq. ms. Drained by Monongaliela r., and Cheat r., its branch. The surface is broken ; soil, fertile. Capital, Morgantown. There were in 1810, neat cattle 16,220, sheep 23,817, swine 19,885 ; wheat 166,496 bush, produced, rye 6,259, Ind. corn 381,316, buckwheat 8,936, oats 320,092, potatoes 61,723, tobacco 14,915 pounds, sugar 118,569; 167,200 tons bituminous coal ; 18 stores, cap. $66,300 ; 7 furnaces, 3 fulling m., 13 tanneries, 19 distilleries, 1 pottery, 3 flouring m., 32 grist m., C3 saw m., 1 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 week- ly newspaper. Cap. in manufac .$42,728. 1 acad. 14 students, 28 sch. 639 scholars. Pop. whites 16,962, slaves 260, free col'd 146; total, 17,368. Monroe, county, N. Y. Situated toward the N. w. part of" the slate, and bounded n. by Lake On- tario. It contains 607 sq. ms. Drained by Gene- see r , and small streams, flowing into Lake On- tario. The surface is generally level, or slightly undulating; soil, a rich and productive mol19,163. 1 acad. 186 students, 7 sch. 391 scholars. Pop. 4,490. Montgomery, county. Mo. Situated toward the E. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Missouri r. runs on its s. border. Drained by An Cuivre and Loutre creeks. The surface is undulating ; soil, various. Capital, Danville. There were hi 1840, neat cattle 1,858, sheep 5,397, swine 9,954; wheat 12,717 bush, produced, rye 1,148, Ind. corn 122,4'.;0,oats 26,289, potatoes 7,634, tobacco 837,039 pounds; 12 stores, cup. $35,190; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 3 grist in., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,556. 1 acad, 28 students, 5 sch, 74 scholars. Pop. wliites 3,524, slaves 827, free col'd 20 ; total, 4,371. 3Io.\tgomery, p-t., Franklin co., Vt., 61 n. Montpelier, 568 W. Drained by Trout r.. a branch of the 31issisque r. and its tributaries, which afford water power. On the r. is a tract of fertile interval land, back of wliicii the surface is moun- tainous and rough. It contains a Congregation- MON 426 MON alist and an Episcopal church, chartered in 1780. It has one store, cap. $1,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- len fac, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,500. 4 sch. 81 scholars. Pop. 548. Montgomery, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 103 w. by s. Boston, 372 W. Situated on the n. side of Westfield r., which affords water power. Char- tered in 1780. The soil is well adapted to graz- ing, and many sheap are raised. It has 1 store, cap. $800 ; 1 saw m., 3 sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 740. Montgomery, p-t.. Orange co., N. Y., 95 s. ,s. w. Albany, 2S8 W. The surface is hilly ; .soil, a fertile clay and gravelly loam. Drained by Wallkill r. The v. is situated on the e. bank of the Walllvill. Incorporated in 1810, and contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Methodist — an academy, 8 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 iron foundry, 1 tannery, 160 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. There are in the t. 1 acad. 61 students, 9 sch. 440 scholars. Pop. 4,100. Montgomery, t., Somerset co., N. .1., 12 s. w. Somerville. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay, sandy loam, and red shale. Drained by Beden's brook and its tributaries, and Stony brook. It contains several villages. It has 7 stores, cap. $13,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. ^5,SO0. 7 sell. 212 scholars. Pop. 1,4:<2. Montgomery, t., Franklin co., Pa., 16 s. w. Chambersburg. The surface is level ; soil, chief- ly calcareous loam. Drained by Conecocheague cr. and its tributaries. It has 11 stores, cap. $73,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 2 potteries, 3 flouring m., 6 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $42,010. 1 college, 64 students, 1 acad. 54 students, 21 sch. 7i)5 scholars. Pop. 4,360. Montgomery, t., Montgomery co.. Pa., 20 n. Philadelphia. Drained by Wisaliickon cr., and the w. branch of Neshaminy cr., the former of which flows s. to the Schuylkill, the latter e. to the Delaware. The surface is level ; soil, red shale and loam. The v., called Montgomery Square, contains 1 store, an academy, and 8 or 10 dwellings. The t. has 3 stores, cap. $5,750 ; I tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,100. 2 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 1,007. Montgomery, t., Indiana co.. Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $100 ; 1 pottery, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,632. Pop. 737. Montgomery, p-v.. Sycamore t., Hamilton co., O., 107 s. w. by w. Columbus, 480 W. Montgomery, t., Franklin co., O. It contains in its western part the city of Colinnljus, the cap- ital of the state. Its territory is small, but it is wealthy and populous. The surface is gently undulating ; soil, fertile. Chartered in 1807. Pop. l,44y, exclusive of Columbus city. Montgomery, t., Marion co., O. It has 3 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 552. Montgomery, t., Richland co.,0. Pop. 2,445. Montgomery, t.. Wood co., O. It has 5 sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 609. Montgomery, t., Benton co., Mo. Pop. 633. Montgomery, p-o., Sumner co., Tenn., 21 N. Nasiwille, 682 W. Montgomery, city, and capital of Montgome- ry CO., Ala., 200 N. E. Mobde, 112 s. e. Tus- caloosa, 839 W. Situated on the e. side of Ala- bama r., on a high bluff, at the head of steamboat navigation. It contains 7 churches — 1 Presby- terian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist Epis- copal, 1 Methodist Protestant, 1 Universalisf, and 1 Roman Catholic — 2 academies, 30 stores, 200 dwellings, and 2,250 inhabitants. Founded in 1817. Cotton is yearly shipped to the amount of 40,000 bales, averaging 500 pounds each. A railroad connects this place, 87i miles, with West Point, Georgia. Montgomery, p-o.. Holmes co., Miss., 43 n. Jackson, 1,016 W. Montgomery Bridge, p-o., Armstrong co., Pa., 169 w. N. vv. Harrisburg, 222 W. Montgomery Cross Ro.\ds, p-o., Montgomery t.. Wood CO., O., 103 N. vv. Columbus, 448 W. Montgomery's Ferry, p-o.. Perry co , Pa., 19 N. w. Harrisburg, 134 W. It contains a few dwellings. Here is a ferry across the Susque- hanna r. Montgomeryville, p-v.,Montgomory co.. Pa., 101 e. Harrisburg, 159 W. It contains a Baptist church, 2 stores, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Monticello, t., Aroostook co., Me. It has 1 saw m. Monticello, p-v., capital of Sullivan co., N. Y., 1 10 s. w. Albany, 294 W. Situated in Thomp- son t.,and on the Newburgh and Cocheclon turn- pike. Incorporated in 1830, and contains a court liouse, jail, coimty clerk's office, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal church, 5 stores, 1 tannery, 90 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. Monticello, p-v., Fairfield dist., S. C, 31 n. Columbia, 499 W. Monticello, p-v., capital of Jasper co., Ga., 35 w. N. w. Jlilledgeville, 642 W. It contains a court house, jail, an academy, 1 Baptist and I Methodist church, 19 stores and 60 dwellings. Monticello, p-v., capital of Jefl'erson co., Flor., 29 E. N. E. Tallahassee, 925 W. Situated on a ridge, 4 miles e. of the Mickasooky lake, and 10 miles s. of the Georgia line. It contains a court house and a few dwellings. Monticello, p-v., Pike co., Ala., 169 s. k. Tuscaloosa, 849 W. Situated on a small branch of Pea r. Monticello, p-v., capital of Lawrence co., Miss., 85 s. Jackson, 1,064 W. Situated on the w. side of Pearl r., and contains a court house and several dwellings. 3Ionticello, p-v., capital of Wayne co., Ky., 110 jg. Frankfort, 599 W. Situated on the n. side of Beaver cr., a branch of Cumberland r. It contains a court house, and 142 Inhabitants. Monticello, p-v., capital of White co., la., 73 N. N. w. Indianapolis, 632 W. Situated on the w. bank of Tippecanoe r. It has a court house, and several stores and dwellings. Monticello, p-v., capital of Piatt co.. Ill Situated on the e. side of Sangamon r., and con- tains a court house, and about 100 inhabitants. Monticello, p-v., capital of Lewis co.. Mo., 145 N. by e. Jefferson City, 912 W. Situated on the N. E. side of North Fabias r. It has a court house, and several stores and dwellings. Montpelier, p-t., capital of Washington co., and of the state of Vermont. It is situated on an alluvial plain of moderate extent, at the junc- tion of the N. and s. branches of Winooski or Onion r., surrounded by elevated hills, some of which rise abruptly — in 44° 16' n. lat., and 71^ 33 w. Ion., 33 e. .s. e. Burlington, 60 n. Windsor, 150 N. N. E. Albany, 160 n. n. w. Boston, 97 n. N. w. Concord, N. 41., 516 W. Pop. in 1830, 1,792 ; 1840, 3,725. The surface is uneven ; soil, very fertile. Watered by Winooski or Onion r. and its branches. At the centre is a small v., con- taining a Methodist church. The principal vil- lage is situated in the s. w. part of the t., and about 10 ms. n. e. of the geographical centre of the stale. It became the capital of the .state in 1805. Onion r. and its branches here afford a good water power. The t. was chartered in MON 4-27 MOO 1780, and first settled in 1786, on the present site of the village. The road through the Green mountains, which passes through this place, en- counters no high hills, and constitutes Montpelier V. a great thoroughi'are. The v. contains a court liouse, jail, an academy, 4 churches — 2 Congregational, 1 Methodist, and I Universalist — and 1,700 inhabitants. Among the public buildings is the state house, an elegant granite edifice, 150 feet long ; the centre, including the portico, 100 feet deep ; and the wings, 72 feet deep. The front in the centre has a fine Doric portico of 6 columns, 6 feet in diameter at the base, and 36 feet high. The edifice is surmount- ed by a dome, 100 teet high at the top, from the ground. In the interior are convenient state offices, and spacious and elegant rooms for the senate and house of representatives. The vil- lage was incorporated in 1818. There are in the t. 22 stores, cap. §127,900 ; 1 furnace, 1 ful- ling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 paper m., 6 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 daily and 6 weekly newspapers, and 1 periodical. Cap. in manufac. .$82,775. 1 acad. 101 students, 20 sch. 975 scholars. Montpelier, p-o., Hanover cc, Va., 23 n. Richmond, 112 W. Montpelier, p-v., Richmond co., N. C, 91 s. w. Raleigh, 379 W. Mo.NTPELiER, p-v., Monroe cc, Ga., 17 w. Macon. Here is a large hotel, and a mineral .•■pring of some celebrity. MoNTPELiER, p-v., Marengo co., Ala. Mo.NTPELiER, p-v., Blucliford CO., la., 81 N. E. Indianapolis, 552 W. Situated on the s. side of ISalamanie r. Mo.NTPELiER, p-o., Muscatiue co., Iowa. Montrose, p b., Bridgewater t., capital of Susquehanna co.. Pa., 175 n. n. e. Harrisburg, 285 W. Siluated on elevated groiuid, near the sources of Wyalusing and Mishoppeu creeks, which flow into the Susquehanna r. It was founded in 1811, and contains a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist— 14 stores, cap. $71,500; 1 tannery, 3 printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $19,505. 1 acad. 110 students, 3 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 632. Montour, t., Columbia co.. Pa. It has 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §6,060. 3 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 809. Montrose, p-v., Leo co., Iowa. It is situated on elevated ground, on a beautiful prairie, and commands a view of the Mississippi r., and of the surrounding country for 20 miles. It is op- po.site to the Mormon city of Nauvoo. This was the site of the " Camp Des Moines," and here are many remains of ancient mounds. Monturesville, p-v., Lycoming co.. Pa., 95 N. Harrisburg, 205 W. Montvail Springs, p-o., Blount co., Tenn., 194 e. by s. Nashville, 532 W. Montville, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 26 E. N. E. Augusta, 622 W. Drained by head branches of Sheepscot r. Incorporated in 1807. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 4 stores, cap. $1,570 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,300. 15 sch. 832 scholars. Pop. 2,153. Montville, t.. New London co., Ct., 36 s. e. Hartford, 360 W. Situated about mid way between Norwich and New London. Thames r. bounds it on the e. The sm-face is uneven ; soil, fertile. Watered by Yantic r., which aflTords water power. It contains 5 churches — 2 Congrega- tionalists, 2 Baptist, and 1 in the Mohegan Indian reservation. There is a small remnant oi' this once powerful and friendly tribe remaining, to whose use 2,700 acres of land are secured. The greater part of the men follow the whaling busi- ness, and are but occasionally here. They have a small church and school house. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 3 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 4 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manu- fac. $80,000. 11 sch. 432 scholars. Population, 1,990. Montville, p-v., Pequannock t., Morris cOt N. J., 67 N. by E. Trenton, 238 W. Situated in a deep valley, through wliich the Morris canal passes, by 2 inclined planes. It contains a Dutch Reformed church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 15 or 20 dwellings. Montville, p-t., Geauga co., O., 180 n. e. by N. Columbus, 339 W. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 1 saw m., 2 sch. 63 scholars. Pop. 567. Montville, t., Medina co., O. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,348. 4 sch. 181 schol- ars. Pop. 914. Monument, p-v.. Sandwich t., Barnstable co., Mass., 60 s. Boston, 461 W. Situated on the e. side of Buzzard's bay. It has 1 Methodist church, and several dwellings. MooDUS, p-o.. East Haddam t., Middlesex co., Ct., 27 s. Hartford, 33J W. MooERS, p-t., Clinton co., N. Y., 18 n. Platts- burg, 198 N. Albany, 573 W. The surface is iiilly and broken ; soil, various. Drained by Chazy r., which enters Luke Champlain, and English r., which flows into Canada. The v. is on the N. side of Chazy r., and contains 1 Con- gregational, and 1 Meiliodi.st church, 2 stores, 1 grist ni., 2 saw m., 1 cloth dressing and carding machine, 25 dwelhngs, and about 150 inhabit- ants. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $18,400 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 25 saw ni. Cap. in manufac. $60,105. 10 sch. 259 scholars. Pop. 1,703. Moon, t., Beavei co.. Pa. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,600. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 748. Moon, p-t., Alleghany co.. Pa. Ohio r. bounds it on the n. e. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Drained by Raveden's, Flaugherty's, and 3Ion- ture's run. The v. of Middleton is on Ohio r., 10 ms. below Pittsburg, opposite to Neville island. It contains 4 stores, cap. $5,60!) ; 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- re. .$4,400. 7 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 1,281. MooNEY, t., Polk CO., Mo. J'op. 864. MooNEY, t., Phillips CO., Ark. It has 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac $5,U0J. Pop. 348. Moon's, p-o., Fayette co., O., 58 s. w. Colum- bus, 431 W. MooRE, county, N. C. Situated a little .s. w. of the centre of the stale, and contains 740 sq. ms. Drained by Deep and Haw rivers, and the sources of Lumber r. The soil is generally fer- tile on the margins of streams. Capital, Carthage. There were in 18i0, neat cattle 3,460, slieep 5,430, swine 6,570 ; wheat 15,643 bush, produced, rye 4,195, Ind. corn 30.325, oats 17,241, potatoes 20,194, rice 1,756 pounds, tobacco 31,416, cotton 750,640; 7 stores, cap. $23,700; 3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 4 flouring m., 57 grist ra., 14 saw m., 11 sch. 274 scholars. Pop. wliites 6,443, slaves 1,472, free col'd 73 ; total, 7,988. 3IooRE, t., Northampton co.. Pa. The surface is rolling ; soil, gravel. Drained by the head waters of Hockendoque and 3Ionokissy creeks. Blue mountain forms its n. boundary, in which is an opening, denominated Smith's gap. It has 4 stores, cap. $9,0t)0 ; 1 lumberyard, cap. $1,500 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 5 grist m.. MOO 428 MOR 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $^4,200. 4 seh. 199 scholars. Pop. 2,389. Moore's Creek, p-o., N. Hanover cc, N. C, 124 s. s. E. Raleigh, 354 W. MooREFiELD, p-v.. Capital of Hardy co., Va., 17a N. w. Richmond, 130 W. Situated on the e. bank of the s. branch of Potomac r., at the junc- tion of the s. Fork. It is in one of the richest valleys in Va., and contains a court house, jail, 1 church, free to all denominations, 5 stores, 2 flouring m., 2 carding and fulling m., 50 dwell- ings, and about 300 inhabitants. Moorkfieli), p-v., Nicholas co., Ky., 53 e. by N. Frankfort, 501 W. Situated on a small branch of Licking r. Moorefield, p-t., Harrison co., O., 102 e. by N. Columbus, 295 W. Moorefield, p-v.. Switzerland co., la., 95 s. E. Indianapolis, 546 W. MooRESBORo', p-v., Cleveland co., N. C. Situated on w. side of Sandy run, 16 ms. from Rutherfordton. MooRESBURG, p-v., Liberty t., Columbia co., Pa., 77 N. by e. Harrisburg, 187 W. Moore's Cross Roads, p-o., Hardiman co., Tenn., 194 s. w. by w. Nashville, 879 W. Moore's Hill, p-o., Dearborn co., la., 74 s. e. Indianapolis, 530 W. Moore's Iron Works, p-o., Johnson co., Tenn., 323 e. by n. Nashville, 401 W. Moore's Prairie, p-o., Jefferson co.. 111., 143 s. s. w. Springfield, 789 W. Moore's Salt Works, p-o., Ross t., Jeffer- son CO., O., 133 E. by n. Columbus, 286 W. Moore's Store, p-o., Shenandoah co., Va., 158 N. w. Richmond, 125 W. MooRESTOVvx, p-v., Chester t., Burlington co., N. J., 26 s. Trenton, 148 W. Situated near the N. branch of Pensauken cr., and coataius 2 churches — 1 Friends and 1 Methodist — 5 stores, and about 60 dwellings. Moore.sville, p-v., Roxbury t., Delaware co., N. Y., 58 w. s. w. Albany, 359 W. Mooresville, p-v., Orange co., N. C, 75 n. w. Raleigh, 294 W. Mooresville, p-v.. Limestone co., Ala., 146 N. by E. Tuscaloosa, 732 W. Mooresville, p-v., Marshall co., Tenn., 60 s. by w. Nashville, 718 W. Mooresville, p-v., Morgan co., la., 16 s. w. Indianapolis, 5^7 W. Situated on the E. side of White Lick cr. Moorlanp, p-o., Morefield t., Wayne co., O., 95 N. e. Columbus, 353 W. Moose, r., N. IL, rises on the n. side of the White mountains, and enters Androscoggin r., in Shelburne. Moose, r., N. Y., rises in Hamilton co., and flowing across Herkimer and Lewis counties, enters Black r., a short distance above the High Falls. Moosehead Lake, Me., is 40 ms. long, and from 10 to 15 broad, and contains 100,000 acres. It is the source of the e. branch of Kennebec river. MoosEiiiLLOCK, mountain, N. H., 14 e. Hav- erhill, in the s. e. part of Coventry, so called from the moose, which formerly abounded on it, has 2 peaks. 'I'he south peak is 4,032 feet above Connecticut r., at Oxford bridge, and 4,556 above the sea; the n. peak is 4,636 feet above the ocean. Its summit is a bare mass of granite rock, on parts of which snow is found in every month, excepting July. MoosE Meadows, p-o., Tolland co., Ct. Moose River, p-o., Somerset co., Me., 113 n. Augusta, 708 W. Moosop, D-o., Windham co., Ct., 45 e. Hart- ford, 376 w: Moral, t., Shelby co., la. It has 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. Pop. 1,146. Moravia, p t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 158 w. Al- bany, 322 W. The surface is uneven, with a broad valley, through which flows the Owasco inlet, affording good water power. The soil in the valleys is fertile. Owasco lake lies on its n. w. border. The v., incorporated in 1837, con- tains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal church, 5 stores, 1 cotton fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tan- nery, 100 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. The Moravian Institute is located here. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $19,100 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $87,050. 1 acad. 177 students, 12 sch. 720 scholars. Pop. 2,010. Moravia, p-o., Beaver co., Pa., 248 w. by n. Harrisburg. Mordansville, p-v., Columbia co., Pa. Moreau, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 50 n. Alba- ny, 421 W. The surface is mostly level, with some hills on the e. ; soil, sand, loam, and clay, and generally fertile. Hudson r. flows on its n. and E. boundary, having here a great bend. It embraces part of Baker's falls. Glen's falls, and the great dam at Fort Edward, and has extensive water power. It contains 5 stores, cap. $5,900 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $26,600. 9 sch. 319 scholars. Pop. 1,576. M(jREAU, t., Morgan co.. Mo. It has 3 sch. 64 scholars. Pop. 790. MoREAU, p-t.. Cole CO., Mo., 18 s. w. Jefferson City, 954 W. It has 2 sch. 54 scholars. Pop. 975. Morefield, t., Clark co., O. It has 6 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 1,071. Morefield, t., Harrison co . 0. It has 8 sch. 235 scholars. Pop. 1,505. Morehouse, t., Hamilton co., N. Y., 82 n. w. Albany. The surface is diversified ; soil, sandy loam. It contains numerous lakes and ponds, giving rise to various streams. It has 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,250. 2 sch. 43 scholars. Pop. 169. Morehouseville, p-v., Morehouse t., Hamil- ton CO., N. Y., 117 N. w. Albany, 432 W. It has 10 or 15 dwellings, and 3 saw m., on Canada cr., half a mile n. MoRELAND, p-o., Dix t., Chemimg CO., N. Y., 198 w. by s. Albany, 301 W. MoRELAND, t., Montgomery co., Pa., 14 n. e. Norristown, 16 n. Philadelphia. Watered by Pennypack cr. and its tributaries. The surface is rolling; soil, a fertile loam. At Hatboro' v. there is an academy. It has 8 stores, cap. $33,700 ; 1 cotton fac. 1,872 sp., 1 tannery, 1 pa- per fac, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 flouring m., 8 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $51,810. 1 acad. 70 students, 3 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 2,162. MoRELAND, p-t., Lycoming co.. Pa., 94 n. Har- risburg, 204 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel. Drained by Little Muncy cr. It abounds with good white pine timber. It has 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $3,900. 5 sch. 59 scholars. Pop. 682. MoRELAND, t., Philadelphia co.. Pa. It has I store, cap. $2,000. Cap. in manufac. $400. 1 seh. 12 scholars. Pop. 469. MoRELAND, p-o., Bourbon co., Ky., 32 E Frankfort, 514 W. MoRELAND, t., Scott CO., Mo. It has 2 sch. 38 scholars. Pop. 1,318. Moreman's River, p-o., Albemarle co., Va. MOR 429 MOR 106 w. N. w. Richmond, 142 W. It has one store. MoRENEi, p-o., Lenawee co., Mich., 99 s. w. Detroit, 507 W. MoRETs Mill, p-o., Ashe co., N. C. MoRETOWN, p-t., VVashington co., Vt., 13 s. w. Montpelier, 512 W. The surface is mountainous, and much of it incapable of cultivation. Char- tered in 1763 ; first settled in 1790. Watered by Mad r., which flows into Winooski r., and afTords water power. It contains 1 Congregationalist and 1 Methodist church. It has 1 store, cap. $500 ; 2 fulling m., 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. m manufac. $11,910. 9 sch. 223 scholars. Pop. 1,123. Morgan, county, Va. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 350 sq. ms. Drained by Cacapon r. and Sleepy cr., which flow into the Potomac. The surface is broken and rocky ; soil, in the valleys, fertile. Capital, Bath. There ■were in 1840, neat cattle 2,801, sheep 3,830, swine 5,669 ; wheat 37,527 bush, produced, rye 13,812, Ind. com 63,101, buckwheat 4,880, oats 41,590, potatoe.s 17,355, tobacco 641 pounds, sugar 4,228 ; 12 stores, cap. $44,500 ; 1 fulling m.. 2 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 2 potteries, 5 flouring m., 12 grist m., 25 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,044. 14 sch. 347 scholars. Pop. whites 4,113, slaves 134, free col'd 6; total, 4,253. Morg.\n, county, Ga. Situated a little n. e. of the centre of the state, and contains 320 sq. ras. Drained by branches of Oconee r. Capi- tal, Madison. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,640, sheep 3,360, swine 18,568; wheat 31,240 bush, produced, Ind. corn 332,116, oats 173,700, cotton 8,247,150 pounds. Pop. whites 3,161, slaves 5,646, free col'd 14 ; total, 9,121. Morgan, county, Ala. Situated in the N. part of the state^and contains 720 sq. ms. Tennessee r. runs on its n. boundary. Drained by Flint r. and Cotaco cr., and their branches, which flow into the Tennessee r. Capital, Snmmerville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,059, sheep 4,488, swine 35,844 ; wheat 25,262 bush, pro- duced, Ind. corn 788,093, barley 1,188, oats 48,954, potatoes 14,603, tobacco 7,223 pounds, cotton 7,384,274 ; 1 commission house, cap. $15,000; 12 stores, cap. $46,300; 1 tannery, 5 distilleries, 16 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $7,511. 5 acad. 131 students, 21 sch. 443 scholars. Pop. whites 6,580, slaves 3,216, free col'd 45; total, 9,841. Morgan, county, Tenn. Situated n. e. of the centre of the state, and contains 640 sq. ms. Drained by Emery r. and its branches, which flows into the Tennessee r., and by branches of the s. fork of Cumberland r. The surface is un- even and mountainous, being traversed by the Cumberland mountains. Capital, Montgomery. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,321, sheep 1,585, swine 10,224 ; wheat 1,261 bush, produced, Ind.com 53,254, oats 13,561, potatoes 4,sy6 ; 3 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 2 taitneries, 2 distilleries. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. Pop. whites 1,534, slaves 84, free col'd 42; total, 1,660. Morgan, county, Ky. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 890 sq. ms. Drained by Licking r. and its branches, and by a branch of Kentucky r., by which it is well watered. Capital, West Liberty. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,594, sheep 6,261, swine 13,566; wheat 6,586 bush, produced, rye 1,956, Ind. corn 193,597, oats 34,849, potatoes 9,179, tobacco 1,908 pounds, sugar 24,304 ; 6 stores, cap. $12,500 ; 4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 3 saw. Cap. in manufac. $3,561. Pop. whiles 4,539, slaves 61, free col'd 3 ; total, 4,603. Morgan, county, O. Situated toward the s. E. part of the state, and contains 500 sq. ms. Drained by Muskingum r. and its branches, and by Duck cr., which afford extensive water power. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile. There are extensive salt works on the Muskingum, which produce over 400,000 bushels annually. The wells from which the brine is obtained are from 6 to 800 feet deep. Capital, McConnelsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,134, sheep 28,440, swine 26,636 : wheat 283,880 bush, pro- duced, Ind. corn 447,63'), buckwheat 2.498, oats 181,447, potatoes 51,201, tobacco 49,900 pounds, sugar 62,640 ; 33 stores, cap. $59,957 ; 1 fulling m., 12 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 brewery, 1 pot- tery, 20 grist m., 44 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $49,595. 119 sch. 4,449 scholars. Population, 20,852. Morgan, county, la. Situated a little s. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 453 sq. ms. Drained by the w. fork of White r. and its branches. White r. is navigable. The surface is rolling or hilly ; soil, very fertile. Capital, Martinsville. There were in 1840, cattle 10,964, sheep 12,871, swine 36,231 ; wheat 49,217 bush, produced, rye 1,078, Ind. corn 475,753, oats 78,757, sugar 36,222 pounds ; 15 stores, cap. $54,750 ; 1 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, 5 distille- ries, 2 potteries, 5 flouring m., 8 grist m., 16 savy m. Cap. in manufac. $39,400. 53 sch. 2,050 scholars. Pop. 10,741. Morgan, county. 111. Situated a little e. of the centre of the state, and contains 510 sq. ras. Illinois r. runs on its w. border. Drained by Indian, Mauvaiseterre, Apple, and Sandy creeks, which afford water power. The surface is di- vided into timber and prairie lands ; soil, fertile and well cultivated. It is destined to be one of the richest agricultural counties in the state. Capital, Jacksonville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 19,558, sheep 13,037, swine 33,568 ; wheat 60,831 bush, produced, rye 3,722, Indian com 799,210, bariey 8,130, oats 96,227, potatoes 31,111, tob.icco 1,200 pounds; 47 stores, cap. $201,950 ; 5 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 20 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 1 week- ly and 1 periodical newspaper. Cap. in manu- fac. $65,738. 1 college, 35 students, 6 acad. 222 students, 60 sch. 1,752 scholars. Pop. 19,547. Morgan, county. Mo. Situated in the central part of the state, and contains 792 sq. ms. The surface consists of woodland and prairie; soil, on the streams, fertile. It contains some miner- als. Drained by the s. fork of La Mine r., Mo- reau cr., and branches of Osage r. Capital, Ver- sailles. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,9.54, sheep 3,913, swine 17,487 ; wheat 9,225 bush, produced, Ind. corn 163, 120, oats 27,632, potatoes 7,177 tobacco 17,831 pounds, cotton 951, sugar 2,135; 7 stores, cap. $24,.500 ; 1 tannery, 1 distil- lery, 8 grist m., 4 saw ni. Ca[). in manufac. $950. 1 acad. 30 students, 5 sch. 121 scholars. Pop. whites 3,891, slaves 512, free col'd 4 ; total, 4,407. Morgan, t., Orieans co., Vt., 59 n. e. Montpe- lier, 15 N. N. E. Irasburg. Surface moderately uneven ; soil, fertile. Watered by a head branch of Clyde r. Seymour's lake, 4 ms. long and 2 wide, in the central part of the t., discharges its waters to the s. through Echo pond, into (."lyde r. Chartered in 1780. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 4 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 422. Morgan, t., Greene co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 distiller- MOR 430 MOR ies, 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $27,170. 5 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 1,094. Morgan, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 195 n. e. Co- lumbus, 355 W. Watered by Grand r. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,100 ; 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 3 saw- in. Cap. in manufac. $5,650. 3 sch. 120 schol- ars. Pop. 643. Morgan, t., Btitlcr co., O. It has 9 sch. 450 scholars. Pop. 1,726. Morgan, t., GalHa co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. $200 ; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $240. 3 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 744. Morgan, t., Knox co., O. It has 8 sch. 290 scholars. Pop. 912. Morgan, t., Morgan co., O. It contains the v. of McConnelsville, the capital of the co. It has 10 stores, cap. $23,6'J0 ; 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,685. 5 sch. 475 schol- ars. Pop. 1,518. Morgan, t., Scioto co., O. Situated on the w. side of Scioto r. The land is hilly, with fertile valleys. The Ohio canal pas.ses through it. It has 2 sch. 38 scholars. Pop. 265. Morgan, t,, Livingston co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 17 scholars. Pop. 178. Morgan, t., Polk co., Mo. It has 3 schools 60 scholars. Pop. 870. Morgan, C. H., p-v., capital of Morgan co., Tenn., 156 e. Nashville, 548 W. Situated on the w. side of Emerys r. It has a court house and several dwellings. Morgan's Creek, p-o., Perry co., Tenn., 93 s. W. Na.shville, 783 W. Mouganfield, p-v., capital of Union co., Ky., 221 w. s. w. Frankfort, 748 W., 10 ms. s. of Oliio r. It has a conn house and several dwellings. MoRGANSBORG, p-v., Fauquier co., Va., lOS n. by \v. Richmond, 81 W. Morgan's Fork, p-o.. Pike co., O., 74 s. Co- lumbus, 409 'W. MoRGANTOWN, p-v., Caernarvon t., Berks co., Pa., 56 K. Harrisburg, 134 W. It contains a Ger- man Presbyterian church, 2 stores, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. MoRGANTOW.N, p-v., Capital of Monongalia co., Va., 295 N. w. Richmond, 218 W. Situated on the E. bank of Monongahela r., at the head of steamboat navigation. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churche.s — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Method- ist — 1 female academy, 8 stores, 2 flouring m., 1 fulling m., a printing office, issuing a weekly newspaper, 100 dwellings, and about 700 inhabit- ants. It is the centre of an extensive manufac- turing region. MoRGANTOWN, p-v., Burke co., N. C, 197 w. Raleigh, 427 W. Situated on the s. side of the Catawba r. It has a court house, jail, and sev- eral stores and dwellings. MoRGANTOWN, p-v., Blouut CO., Tcun., 178 e. by s. Nashville, 534 W. MoRGANTOWN, p-v., capital of Butler co., Ky., 143 s. w. by w. Frankfort. Situated on the s. side of Green r. It has a court house, and sev- eral stores and dwellings. MoRGANTOWN, p-v., Morgan co., la., 39 s. In- dianapolis, 598 W. Situated on the n. side of Big Indian cr. Morganvii.le, p-o., Nottoway co., Va., 55 s. w. Richmond, 175 W. MoRiAH, pt., Essex CO., N. Y., 115 n. Albany, 486 W. Tlie surface is mountainous on the w., where is the Adirondack range, which abounds with iron ore. The soil in the valley.s is a fer- tile calcareous loam. Lake Champla'in bounds it on the e. Drained by Schroon branch of Hud- son r. The v., on elevated ground, 3 ms. w. of Lake Champlain, contains 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist church, an academy, 4 stores, 120 dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. There are in the t. 12 stores, cap. $33,600 ; 4 furnaces, 5 forges, 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 54 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$80,950. 2acad. 160 students, 15 sch. 597 scliolars. Pop. 2,595. Moriches, p-v., Brookliaven t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 218 s. s. e. Albany, 298 W. It is a scattered settlement, containing a church, 2 mills, and about 25 dwellings. MoRiNGViLi.E, p-v., Chatham co., N. C, 20 n. Raleigh, 294 W. MoRLEV, p-o., Canton t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y. Morning Son, p-o., Shelby co., Tenn., 207 w. s. w. Nashville, 892 W. Morning Sun, p-v., Israel t., Preble co., O., Ill w. by s. Columbu.s, 508 W. Morris, county, N. J. Situated toward the N. part of the state, and contains 500 square miles. Drained by Rockaway and Whippany rivers, which flow into the Passaic, and by head branches of Raritan river. The surface is hilly or mountainous toward the n., but nearly level in the valley of the Passaic to the s. ; soil, mostly red shale. Iron ore abounds, and is chiefly mag- netic. The Morris canal passes through the co. There were in 1840, neat cattle 18,617, sheep 19,147, swine 12,719; wheat 27,103 bushels pro- duced, rye 72,551, Ind. com 226,248, buckwheat 89,175, oats 262,3S5, potatoes 219,996; 96 stores, cap. $445,200; 5 lumber yards, cap. $21,800; 3 furnaces, 43 forges, 7 fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 4 cotton fac. 2,908 sp., 19 tanneries, 50 distilleries, 1 pottery, 37 grist m., 57 saw m., 4 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 2 binderies, 2 weekly newspa- pers. Cap. in manu''ac. $505,070. 10 acad. 456 students, 103 sch. 4,313 scholars. Pop. 25,814. Morris, t., Morris co., N. J., 28 vfi. New Vork. The .surface, in the centre and the n., is hilly ; elsewhere, rolling or level. Passaic r. bounds it on the vv. and s., by tributaries of which, and by Whippany r., it is watered. It has 23 stores, cap. $79,400 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $5,000 ; 3 distil- leries, 2 paper fac, 5 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac $137,380. 3 acad. 116 students, 10 sch. 341 scholars. Pop. 4,013. MoRRLS, p-t., Tioga co.. Pa., 133 n. by w. Har- risburg, 247 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel and clay. It has 2 saw m. Capital in manufac. $650. Pop. 120. Morris, t., Greene co.. Pa. It has 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,340. 3 sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 1,162. Morris, t., Huntingdon co., Pa. It has 4 stores, cap. $22,000; 1 commission store, capital $3,600 ; 2 furnaces, 1 forge, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in m.anufac. $5,155. Pop. 1,516. Morris, t., Washington co.. Pa. It has 1 tan- nery, 5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $2,400. 11 sch. 330 scholars. Pop. 1,683. Morris, t., Knox co., O. The 3 upper branch- es of Vernon r. unite in this t., forming a tract of 6,000 acres of fertile dry bottom land. It has 5 sch. 190 scholars. Pop. 1,072. MoRRiSANiA, v., Westchester t., Westchester CO., N. Y. Situated on the n. e. side of Harlem r. It has 1 church, 1 store, and about 12 or 15 dwellings. Morrison's Bluff, p-o., Johnson co., Ark., 101 N. w. Little Rock, 1,169 W. Morrison's Cross Road.s, p-o., Warren co., Tenn., 83 s. e. by E. Nashville, 632 W. Morrison's Tan Yard, p-o., Mecklenburg co.. N. C, 158 w. s. w. Raleigh, 395 W. MoRRisTOWN, p-t., Lamoille co., Vt., 28 N MOR 431 MOU by w. Montpelier, 544 W. The surface is diver- sified ; soil, fertile, particularly on Lamoille r., wliich affords water power. It contains 3 church- es—I Congregational, 1 Methodist, and I Univer- salist — and a town house for public meetings. Chartered in 17H0 ; first settled in 1700. It has 4 stores, cap. $10,800; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 9 saw m., 1 oil m. Capital in raanufac. $20,050. 12 sch. 423 scholars. Pop. 1,502. MoRRisTOw.v, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 199 N. N. w. Albany, 466 W. Situated on the s. E. side of St. Lawrence r. The surface is undu- lating ; .soil, clay loam. It has Black lake on it s. E. border. The v. is on the St. Lawrence r., II ms. above Ogdensburg, and contains 2 church- es, 3 stores, 2 storehouses, 1 steam grist m., 2 tanneries, 40 dwellings, and about 225 inhabit- ants. There is a good landing place on the St. Lawrence. There are in the t. 3 stores, capital $10,000 ; I fulling m., I tannery, 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,850. 15 sch. 472 scholars. Pop. 2,809. 3I0RRISTOWN, p-v., and capital of Morris co., N. J., 53 .\. by E. Trenton, 224 W. It is situated on an elevated plain, with steep slopes on 2 sides, commanding a picturesque view of the surround- ing country. The streets are regularly laid out, crossing each other at right angles, with a public square in the centre, ornamented with trees. It contains a handsome court house, of brick, with a jail in the basement, a bank, an academy, 4 churches — 1 I'resbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 30 stores, 2 paper m., 1 grist m., 1 oil m., 1 iron works, 5 wagon fac, and about 2,500 inhabitants. The place is supplied with pure spring water by an aqueduct, between 1 and 2mR. long. The Morris and Essex railroad has cars which pass 4 times daily between New- ark and Morristown, and connect with the rail- road from Philadelphia to New York. Morristown, p-v., I'nion t., Belmont co., O., 105 E. Columbus, 28S W. Situated on the na- tional road, y w. St. Clairsville. It contains a handsome Presbyterian church, of brick, 5 stores, 2 tanneries, 1 carding machine and fulling m., 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Morristown, p-v., Shelby co., la., 26 e. by s. Indianapolis, 552 W. Situated on the E. side of Blue r. Morristown, p-v., capital of Henry co.. 111., 141 N. N. w. Springfield, 870 W. Situated 4 ms. s. of Green r. 3I0RRISTOWN, p-v., Jefferson co., Tenn., 226 E. Nashville, 458 W. Situated on the stage road from Greenville to Knoxville. MoRRisviLLE, p-v., 3Iorristown t., Lamoille CO., Vt., 26 N. Montpelier, 542 W. MoRRisviLLE, p-v., Eatou t., capital of Madi- son CO., N. Y., 102 w. by x. Albany, 359 W. Situated on the Cherry Valley turnpike. Incor- porated in 1819, and contains a court house, jail, clerk's office, 3 churches, an academy. 5 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 130 dwell- ings, and about 700 inhabitants. MORRISVILLE, p-b., Bucks CO., Pa., 125 E. Har- ri.sburg, 165 VV. Situated on the w. side of Del- aware r., opposite to Trenton. The r. here affords good water power. It contains 3 stores, cap. $9,800 ; 1 saw m., 1 grist m., 1 paper m., 1 button fac, I sch. 65 scholars. Pop. 405. Here is a bridge across the Delaware, suspended on 5 arches, supported on piers, 1,100 feet long, and 36 wide. MoRRisviLLE, p-v., Fauquier co., Va., 88 N. by w. Richmond, 75 W. It contains 1 Baptist church, 1 store, and about 50 inhabitants. IMoRSE CuEEK, p-o.. McNairy co., Tenn., 158 s. W.Nashville, 831 W. MoRSEviLLE, p-0., Schoharic co., N. Y., 56 w. Albany, 379 W. MoRTONsviLLE, p-v., Woodford CO., Ky., 19 s. E. Frankfort, 511 W. Situated 2 ms. E. of the Kentucky r. MoRVEN, t., Marion co., O. It has 5 sch. 230 scholars. Fop. 980. MoRVEN, p-v., Anson co., N. C, 141 s. w. Raleigh, 422 W. MoRVEN, p-0., Shelby co., la., 61 s. e. Indian- apolis, 564 W. Situated on the n. side of Flat Rock cr. Moscow, t., Somerset co., Me., 58 n. Augusta. It is bounded w. by Kennebec r., by a branch of which it is watered. Incorporated in 1816. It has a fertile soil, adapted to gratit. It contains 5 sch. 255 scholars. Pop. 562. Moscow, p-v., Leicester t., Livingston co., N. Y., 236 w. Albany, 353 W. Situated on elevated ground, 1 m. w. of Genesee flats. It contains 3 churches, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 50. dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. Moscow, p-v., Washington t., Clermont co., 0_, 129 s. w. Columbus, 490 W. Situated on the n. bank of Ohio r. Moscow, p-t., Hillsdale co., Mich., 84 w. s. w. Detroit, 544 W. It has a fertile soil, adapted to grain. It contains 1 store, cap. $6,000 ; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $900. 2 sch. 58 scholars. Pop. 758. Moscow, p-v., Hickman co., Ky., 309 s. w. by w. Frankfort, 835 W. Situated on a branch of the Bayou Deshe. Moscow, p-v., Fayette co., Tenn., 194 s. w. by w. Nashville, 879 W. Situated on the n. side of Wolf cr., on the Memphis railroad. Moscow, p-v., Muscatine co., Iowa. Situated on Red Cedar r. Moscow, p-v.. Rush CO., la., 54 s. E. Indian- apolis, 552 W. Situated on w. side of Flat Rock cr. Moscow, p-o., Marion CO., Ala., 87 N. w. Tus- caloosa, 858 W. Moscow Mills, p-o., Morgan co., O. MosELY n.\LL, p-o., Lenoir co., N. C, 66 w. Raleigh, 294 W. MosauiTO, county, Flor. (See Leigh Read.) M0.SSINGF0RD, p-o., Charlotte co., va., 106 s. w. Richmond, 193 W. Mossy Creek, p-o., Jefferson co., Tenn., 212 E. Nashville, 472 W. MoTiER, p-0., Pendleton co., Ky., 87 n. e. Frankfort, 500 W. MoTT.s, p-0., Clarke co., Ala., Ill s. Tusca- loosa, 923 W. 3I0TTS Corners, p-v., Caroline t., Tompkins CO., N. Y., 168 w. Albany, 298 W. It contains 1 store, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 1 tannery, 1 plaster m., and 40 or 50 dwellings. MoTTsviLLE, p-v., Skeneateles t., Onondaga CO., N. Y., 149 w. by n. Albany, 343 W. Situ- ated on the outlet of Skeneateles lake, and con- tains 1 church, 2 store.s, 1 flouring m., 1 iron foun- dry, 1 machine shop, 50 dwellings and about 30O inhabitants. MoTTSviLLE, p-t., St. Josephs co., Mich., 154 w. s. w. Detroit, 599 W. The v. is on the St. .loseph's r., and contains 2 stores and a few dwell- ings. Thwe is in the t. 1 brewery. Cap. in manufac. $300. Pop. 465. MouLTON, t., Allen co., O. Pop. 263. MouLTO.v, p-v., capital of Lawrence co., Ala^ 103 N. Tuscaloosa, 763 W. Situated on the e. side of the Big Nance cr., 20 ms. s. of the Ten- nessee r. It has a court house and several dwellings. MouLTO.NEOROUGii, p-t., Carroll co-, N. H., 46 MOU 432 MOU N. Concord, 527 W. Situated on the n. w. shore of Winnipiseogee lake. The surface is moun- tainous ; soil, in some parts, fertile. It contains Squam lake, 10 ms. long, and 6 broad in its widest part, with many islands, and much roman- tic scenery, lying between this t. and Holder- ness. Ossipee and Red mountains contain ele- vated summits. At the base of Os.sipee mt. is a mineral spring, impregnated with iron and sul- phur. In the t. is a spring which furnishes water sufficient for a mill stream, and which has, nearly a mile from its source, a perpendicular Ihll of 70 feet. Many aboriginal remains are found. Char- tered in 1763. It has 3 stores, cap. S5,.500 ; 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,300. 1 acad. 11 students, 18 sch. 714 scholars. Pop. 1,752. Mountain, p-o., Walton co., Ga., 70 n. n. w. Milledgeville, 626 W. Mountain, t., Hot Spring co., Ark. It has 1 sch. 15 scholars. Pop. 159. Mountain, t., Newton co.. Mo. Pop. 116. Mountain, t., Washington co.. Ark. It has 6 stores, cap. $45,500 ; 2 sch. 32 scholars. Pop 701. Mountain Covk, p-o., Fayette co., Va., 262 w. Richmond, 299 W. Mountain Creek, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 169 w. by s. Raleigh, 406 W. Mountain House, p-o., Washington co., Md., 133 N. w. Annapolis, 101 W. Mountain Island, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 155 w. by s. Raleigh, 400 W. Mountain Ridge, p-o., Jackson co., O., 74 s. s. E. Columbus, 3S4 W. Mountain Shoals, p-o., Laurens dist., S. C, 82 N. w. Columbia, 505 W. Mountain Spring, p-o., Talladega co., Ala., 138 E. Tuscaloosa, 769 W. Mountain View, po., Abbeville dist., S. C, 107 w. Columbia, 539 W. Mount Aeriel, p-o., Wasliita parish, La., 318 N. w. New Orleans, 1,208 W. Mount Airy, p-v., Berks co., Pa., 62 e. Har- risburg, 155 W. Mount Airy, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 145 s. w. by w. Richmond, 232 W. A sulphur spring is found 11 m. N. e. of the v., which is resorted to for its valuable mineral properties. Mount Airy, p-v., Surry co., N. C, 150 w. N. w. Raleigh, 331 W. Mount Airy, p-o., Bledsoe co., Tenn., 113 e. s. E. Nashville, 602 W. Mount Airy, p-o., Gallatin co., HI., 210 e. s. E. Springfield, 777 W. Mount Airy, p-o., Randolph co., Mo., 80 n. by w. Jefferson City, 967 W. Mount Auburn, p-o., Dane co.. El., 22 s. E. Springfield, 772 W. Mount Bethel, p-v., Northampton co., Pa., 123 E. N. E. Harrisburg, 216 W. Mount Bethel, p-o., Newberry dist., S. C, 50 w. N. w. Columbia, 494 W. Mount Blanchard, p-v., Delaware t, Han- cock CO., O., 76 N. w. Columbus, 447 W. Mount Cambria, p-o., Cambria t., Niagara co., N. Y., 283 w. by n. Albany. Mount Carmel, p-o., Randolph co., Va., 200 N. w. by vv. Richmond. Mount Carmel, p-o., LTnion t., Clermont co., O., 113 s. w. Columbus, 484 W. Mount Carmel, p-v., Fleming co., Ky., 96 e. by N. Frankfort, 481 W. Situated on n. side of Fleming cr. It contains 1 Methodist church, and about 200 inhabitants. Mount Carmel, p-o., Franklin co., la., 78 e. 6 £. Indianapolis, 508 W. Mount Carmel, p-v., capital of Wabash co., m., 166 s. E. Springfield, 714 W. Situated on elevated ground, on the w. side of Illinois r. It contains a court house and jail, of brick, 1 Ger- man Reformed and 1 Methodist Episcopal church, 10 stores, 3 steam m., 1 ox tread m., 1 iron foun- dry, and about 1,200 inhabitants. Mount Carmel, p-o.. Cooper co.. Mo., 43 w by N. Jefferson City, 984 W. Mount Carmel, p-v., Covington co.. Miss., 94 s. s. E. Jackson, 1,044 W. Situated on the e. side of White Sand cr. Mount Clemens, p-v., capital of Macomb co., Mich., 18 N. E. Detroit, 542 W. Situated on the N. bank of Clinton r., and contains a court house, jail, 8 stores, 2 steam saw m., a large glass fac, and a tannery. A steamboat plies between this place and Detroit, and small vessels come here. Mount Clinton, p-o., Rockingham co., Va. Mount Clio, p-o., Sumter dist., S. C, 76 e. Columbia, 4S6 W. Mount Comfort, p-o., Cabarrus co., N. C, 146 w. s. w. Raleigh, 335 W. Mount Comfort, p-o., Fayette co., Tenn., 180 w. s. w. Nashville, 865 W. Mount Crawford, p-v., Rockingham co., Va., 131 N. w. Richmond, 139 W. Situated on North r., and contains 1 church, free to all denomina- tions, 3 stores, and 30 dwellings. Mount Croghan, p-o., Chesterfield dist., S C, 113 N. E. Columbia, 444 W. Mount Desert, Island, Hancock co., Me., 15 ms. long and 12 broad. Situated between French- man's and Blue Hill bays. It has a number of excellent harbors. It contains 2 townsliips, Eden and Mount Desert. Mount Desert, p-t., Hancock co., Me., 146 E. Augusta, 68S W. Situated in the s. part of Mount Desert island, and consists of a peninsula. The soil is fertile. It has excellent harbors, and considerable navigation, employed in the coast- ing trade and the fisheries. Incorporated in 1789, when it contained the whole island. It has 6 stores, cap. $7,300 ; 2 fulling m., 2 vvoollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 22 sch. 827 scholars. Pop. 1,887. Mount Eaton, p-v.. Paint t., Wayne co., O., 104 N. E. Columbus, 332 W. Mount Eden, p-o., Spencer co., Ky., 44 w. s w. Frankfort, 562 W. Situated on s. side of Big Beech cr. Mount Eton, po., Darlington dist., S. C, 110 E. Columbia, 472 W. Mount Gallagher, p-v., Laurens dist., S.C., 89 w. N. w. Columbia, 517 W. Mount Gilead, p-t., Loudon co., Va., 144 n. Richmond, 45 W. Situated on Kittoctan moun- tain, presenting an extended and beautiful pros- pect. It has 3 parallel streets half a mile long, intersected by 8 other streets at right angles with them. It contains 1 Methodist church, 1 store, 12 or 15 dwellings, and 70 inhabitants. There is a large Baptist clmrch in the vicinity. Mount Gilead, p-o., Montgomery co., N. C, 123 w. s. w. Raleigh, 397 W. Mount Gilead, p-v., Ma.son co., Ky., 91 e. n. E. Frankfort, 476 W. It contains a few dwell- ings. Mount Gilead, p-v., Gilead t., 3Iarion co., O., 41 N. Columbus, 400 W. It contains 2 churches, 5 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. Within 5 miles of the v. are 8 saw m., 5 grist m., and 1 carding machine. Mount Hawkins, p-o.. Perry co.. 111., 143 s. Springfield, 817 W. Mount Hawley, po., Peoria co., III., 80 N. Springfield, 794 W. MOU 433 MOU Mount Healthy, p-v., Springfield t., Hamil- ton CO., O., 118 3. w. by w. Columbus, 50i W. Mount Hebron, p-o., Greene co., Ala., 48 s. w. Tuscaloosa, 86G W. Mount Henry, p-o., Montgomery co., Tenn., 30 n. w. Nashville, 714 W. Mount Hickory, p-o.. Chambers co., Ala., 174 E. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 775 W. Mount Hill, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. C, 99 w. Columbia, 529 W. Mount Hill, p-o., Morgan co., Ala. Mount Holly, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 79 s. Montpelier, 46S W. The surface is elevated and mountainous ; soil, fertile, adapted to grazing. Watered by Mill r., a branch of Otter creek. In- corporated in 1792. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,000; 2 gri.st m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,400. 11 sch. 339 scholars. Pop. 1,356. Mount Holly, p-v., Northampton t., capital of Burlington co., N. J., 18 s. Trenton, 156 W. Situated on Kancocus cr., at the head of tidewa- ter and of navigation. It has 7 streets regularly laid out, and contains a court house of brick, 40 by 60 feet, 2 stories high, with a cupola ; a stone jail, 5 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 3Ieth- odist, and 2 Friends — 1 female academy, a bank, 8 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 fulling m., 1 wool- len lac, 1 plaster m., 1 large paper m., and about 240 dwellings. A chartered library company was established here as early as 1765. At the perioil of the revolution it had 200 dwellings. Mount Holly, p-o., Randolph co., la., 97 e. N. E. Indianapolis, 502 W. Mount Holyoke, Hadley, Mass., 3 s. e. Northampton. It is 830 feet above the level of Connecticut r. ; and without any water pros- pect, excepting the beautiful windings of Connec- ticut r., it presents one of the finest views in the country. 31ouNT Holyoke, p-o., Henry co.,Tenn., 106 w. by N. Nashville, 792 W. Mount Hope, p-t., Orange co., N. Y., 11 w. Goshen, 112 s. s. w. Albany, 276 W. The sur- face is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Shawangunk cr. The v. contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. It has 9 stores, cap. $37,800 ; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- len fac, 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 printing of- fice, 1 periodical paper, 5 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $39,400. 1 acad. 100 students, 4 sch. 218 scholars. Pop. 1,565. Mount Hope, bay, R. I., is the n. e. part of Narraganset bay, and sets up between Tiverton and Bristol, a short distance, into Mass. Taunton r. flows into the n. e. part of it. Mount Hope, hill, Bristol, R. I., is situated on the w. shore of Mount Hope bay, and is of a con- ical form, nearly 300 feet high. The prospect from it is highly beautiful ; and it is celebrated as the former residence of King Philip. Mount Hope, p-o., Lebanon co.. Pa., 26 e. Harrisburg, 130 W. Mount Hope, p-o.. Salt Creek t., Holmes co., O. The V. of Middletown, in which it is located, contains 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 175 in- habitants. Mount Hope, p-v., Oldham co., Ky. JMouNT Hope, p-o., Lawrence co., Ala., 115n. Tuscaloosa, 780 W. Situated on Town cr. Mount Hope, p-o,, La Fayette co.. Mo., 113 w. N. w. Jefferson City, 1,027 W. Mount Horeb, p-o.. Nelson co., Va., 113 vv. by N. Richmond, 150 VV. "Mount Independence, Orwell t.,V't. ,2s. E.of old fort Ticonderoga. It has no great elevation, but contained important fortifications, celebrated ill the early history of the country. 55 Mount Israel, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 93 w. N. w. Richmond, 143 W. Mount Jackson, p-v., Beaver co., Pa., 239 w. by N. Harrisburg, 277 W. Situated on Hickory cr., 3 ms. w. of Mahoning river, and contains 3 stores, and about 60 dwellings. There are mills on the cr., above and below tlie v. Mount Jackson, p-v., Shenandoah co., Va., 146 N. w. Richmond, 117 W. It contains 1 Pres- byterian church, 1 store, 1 tannery, and 10 dwell- ings. Mount Jefferson, p-o.. Chambers co., Ala., 179 E. s. e. Tuscaloosa, 774 W. Mount Jefferson, p-o., Carroll co., la., 68 n. .\. w. Indianapolis, 632 W. Mount Joy, t., Adams co.. Pa., 6 s. Gettys- burg. The surface is level ; soil, red shale. Rock cr. flows on its w. and Willoways cr. on its E. boundary. It has 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Pop. 1,031. Mount Joy, p-t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 25 s. E. Harrisburg, 123 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, calcareous loam, red shale, and gravel. Little Chiques cr. bounds it on the e., and Conewago cr. on the n. w. It has 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw mills. Cap. in manufac. $17,700. 3 sch. 93 scholars. Pop. 2,375. Mount Joy, p-o.. Union dist., S. C, 83 n. w. Columbia, 455 W. Mount Juliet, p-o., Kanawha co., Va., 302 w. by N. Richmond, 339 W. Mount Kingston, p-o., Montgomery co., 111., 63 s. Springfield, 777 W. Mount Laurel, p-o., Halifax co., Va., 115 s. w. Richmond, 202 W. BIouNT Lebanon, p-o., Davidson co., N. C, 126 w. Raleigh, 384 W. Mount Lebanon, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 112 N. w. Columbia, 485 W. Mount Lebano.n, p-o., Claiborne par.. La., 400 N. w. New OHeans, 1,270 W. Mount Level, p-o., Dinwiddle co., Va. Mount Liberty, p-v.. Liberty t., Knox co., O., 41 N. e. Columbus, 386 W. It contains 2 stores and 12 or 15 dwellings. Mount Linneus, p-o., Monongalia co., Va., 286 N. w. Richmond, 219 W. Mount Marcy, N. Y., is situated in Keene t., Essex CO., and is the highest peak of the Adiron- dack mountains, being 5,467 feet above tidewater in Hudson r. There are several other peaks in the vicinity, nearly as high, and they are little inferior hi elevation to the Wliite mountains, in N. H. Mount 3Ieigs, p-v., Montgomery co., Ala., 125 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 826 W. Mount Meridian, p-v., Augusta co., Va., 125 w. N. w. Richmond, 144 VV. It contains 1 3Ieth- odist church, 1 store, 1 flouring m.. and 10 dwall- ings Mount Meridian, p-v., Putnam co., la., 36 w. by s. Indianapolis, 607 W. Situated on the national road. Mount Moriah, p-v., Wilcox co., Ala., 122 s. Tuscaloosa, 897 W. 3IouNT IMokne, p-o.. Pike co., Ga , 86 w. Blil- ledgeville, 705 W. Mount Morris, p-t., Livingston co., N. Y., 10 s. Genesee, 242 w. Albany, 353 W. The surface is varied, having a high table land in the centre ; soil, a fertile clay loam. Drained by Genesee r. The V. is half a mile s. e. of Genesee r., and con- Uiins 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist — 20 stores, 1 furnace, 1 pot- tery. 2 flouring m., and 2 saw m. The water power is derived from a dam acro.'is the Genesef r., and a raceway over half a mile long. There MOU 434 MOU are in the t., 21 stores, cap. $76,600 ; 1 furnace, 2 iullingm., 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 2 weekly newspapers, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $53,070; 1 acad. 60 students, 12sch. 430 scholars. Pop. 4,576. Mount Morris, p-v., Whately t., Greene co., Pa., 228 vv. by s. Harrisburg, 227 W. Situated on the s. side of Dunkard's cr., on the s. bound- ary of the state. It is a small v. Mount Morris, Ogle co., 111., 177 n. Spring- field, 837 W. Mount Mourne, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 146 w. Raleigh, 383 W. Mount Niles, p-o., St. Clair co., Ala., 90 n. E. Tuscaloosa, 727 W. Mount Olympus, p-o., Madison co., Miss., 17 N. Jackson, 1,027 W. Mount Pinson, p-o., .TefTerson co., Ala., 68 n. E. Tuscaloosa, 766 W. Mount Pinson, p-o., Madison co., Tenn., 146 w. s. w. Nashville, 831 W. Mount Pisgah, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 168 w. Raleigh, 379 W. Mount Pleasant, t., Westchester co., N. Y., 6 N. White Plains, 125 s. Albany. The surface is chiefly hilly ; soil, fertile, and well cultivated. Marble, of a good quality, is found here. It con- tains the V. of Sing Sing, which see. There are in the t. 4 acad., 195 students. Pop. 7,367. Mount Pleasant, p-v., Alexanciria t., Hunter- don CO., N. J., 3S N. by w. Trenton, 195 W. Sit- uated on Hakehokake cr., and contains a church, a store, a grist m., and 10 or 12 dwellings. Mount Pleasant, b., Tioga co.. Pa. It has 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m. Cap. in manufactures $8,240. 2 sell. 117 scholars. Pop. 554. Mount Pleasant, t.. Adams co.. Pa., 17 e. Gettysburg. The surface is level ; soil, red shale. A branch of Conewago cr. flows on its e. boundary. Watered by Plum run, and White run, tributaries of Rock cr., and Swift and Bush runs, which flow into Conewago cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 3 flour- ing m., 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,800. 9 seh. 360 scholars. Pop. 1,588. Mount Pleasant, p-t., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 170 w. Harrisburg, 196 W. The surface is gently uneven ; soil, loam and gravel. Drained by Big Sewickly and Jacob's creeks. The v. contains 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 2 sch. 117 scholars. Pop. 554. In- corporated in 1828. The t. has 10 stores, cap. $39,500; 4 tanneries, 13 distilleries, 1 flouring m. Cap. in manufac. $6,680. 5 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 2,123. Mount Pleasant, t., Columbia co., Pa. It has 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,375. 3 sch. Pop. 609. Mount Pleasant, t., Wayne co.. Pa. Drained by the head branches of Lackawaxen, Dyberry, and Great Equinunk creeks. It has 11 sch. 190 scholars. Pop. 1,359. Mount Pleasant, t., Washington co.. Pa. It has 4 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,HO0. 1 acad. 11 students, 9 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 1,203. Mount Pleasant, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 81 N w. Annapolis, 49 W. Mount Pleasant, p-v., Spottsylvania co., Va., 64 N. Richmond, 73 W. Mount Pleasant, p-o., Newton co., Ga., 64 n. w. Milledgeville, 646 W. Mount Pleasant, p-o., 3Ionroe co., Ala., 156 8. Tuscaloosa, 948 W. Situated on a small stream J ms. e. of the Alabama r. Mount Pleasant, p-t., Jefferson co., O., 131 e. by n. Columbus, 277 W. The v. contains 3 churches — 1 Associate Reformed, 1 Metliodist, and 1 Friends, all of brick — a bank, a market house, several stores, a printing office, 120 dwell- ings, and about 700 inhabitants. A large num- ber of mills and manufactories exist in the vicini- ty, mostly on Short creek. The t. has 10 stores, cap. $22,600 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 bind- ery, 3 flouring m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $45,000. 1 acad. 140 students, 3 sch. 250 schol- ars. Pop. 1,676. Mount Pleasant, p-v., Oakland co., Mich., 41 N. w. Detroit, 565 W. Mount Pleasant, v., Cabarrus co., N. C. It contains about 60 inhabitants. Mount Pleasant, p-v., Maury co., Tenn., 53 s. s. w. Nashville, 730 W. Mount Pleasant, p-v., capital of Harlan co., Ky., 165 s. e. Frankfort, 473 W. Situated on the N. side of the Clover fork of Cumberland r., near its junction with Martin's fork. It contains a court house, jail, and clerk's office, and a few dwellings. Mount Pleasant, p-v., capital of Martin co., la., 106 s. s. w. Indianapolis, 653 W. Sitoated on the w. side of E. fork of White r. It has a court house, jail, several stores, and about 30 dwellings. Mount Pleasant, p-o.. Union co., 111., 209 s. Springfield, 819 W. Mount Pleasant, p-o., Willunson co.. Miss., 122 s. s. w. Jackson, 1,122 W. Mount Pleasant, t.. Van Buren co., Mo. It has 3 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 694. Mount Ple.^ant, p-t., Barrj"- co.. Mo., 212 s. w. Jefferson City, 1,123 W. It has 1 school 18 scholars. Pop. 519. Mount Pleasant, p-v., capital of Henry co., Iowa. Situated on the n. side of Big cr. It con- taii>s a court house, of brick, in the centre of a public square, 100 dwellings, and about 400 in- habitants. It is on a high prairie roll, and its situation is healthful and pleasant. It was laid out in 1836. Mount Pleasant, p-o., Racine co.. Wis., 106 E. s. E. Madison, 786 W. Situated about 8 miles w. of Lake Michigan. Mount Pleasant Mills, p-o.. Perry t., Union CO., Pa., 61 N. Harrisburg, 164 W. Mount Pocono, p-o., Monroe co.. Pa., 124 n. E. by E. Harrisburg, 220 W. Mount Prospect, p-o., Obion co., Tenn., 140 w. by N. Nashville, 826 W. Mount Prospect, p-o., Crawford co., la., 106 s. by w. Indianapolis, 637 W. Mount Pulaski, p-o., Sangamon co., 111., 27 E. Springfield, 787 W. Mount Republic, p-v., Canaan t., Wayne co., Pa., 171 N. E. Harrisburg, 265 W. Mount Reserve, p-o., Bedford co., Tenn., 68 s. Nashville, 672 W. Mount Rock, p-o., Cumberland co., Pa., 22 s. w. Harrisburg, 1 10 W. Mount SEfc;N, p-o., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 166 w. s. w. Raleigh, 405 W. Mount Sidney, p-v., Augusta co., Va., 127 w. N. w. Richmond, 145 W. It contains 1 church, free to all denominations, 1 academy, 3 stores, 35 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Mount Sinai, p-o., Suffolk co., N. Y., 205 s. s. E. Albany, 285 W. Mount Seward, mts., N. Y., is the name given to a lofty group of the Adirondack moun- tains, in the s. e. part of Franklin co., elevated 4,000 feet above the ocean. Mount Solon, p-o., Augusta co., Va., 139 w. N. w. Richmond, 146 W. MOIT 435 MOU Mount Sterling, p-v., Pleasant t., Madison CO., O., 3-2 w. Columbus, 421 W. Mount Sterling, v., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 177. Mount Sterling, p-v., and capital of Mont- gomery CO., Ky., 59 E. Frankfort, 514 W. Situ- ated on a small branch of the south fork of Lick- ing r., and contains a court house, jail, 10 stores, and 585 inhabitants. Mount Sterling, p-v., capital of Brown co 111., 77 w. by N. Springfield, 854 W. Situated on a small branch of Crooked creek, and contains a court house, and several stores and dwellings. Mount Sterling, t., Pettis co., Mo. Pop. 1,246. Mount Sterling, p-v., Washington co., Ala., 109 s. s. w. Tuscaloosa, 927 W. Situated on the N. side of Shuckeba cr. Mount T.\eor, t., Rutland co., Vt., 36 n. e Bennington. It is a mountainous t. in the Green mountain range, but has some soil adapted to grazing. Otter creek r. rises here. It has 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,450. 3 sch. 59 scholars Pop. 227. Mount Tabor, p-v.. Union disL, S. C, 76 n. w. Columbia, 452 W. Mount T.^bor, p-v., Monroe co., la., 45 s. s w. Indianapolis, 616 W. Situated on the n. side of Bean Blossom creek. It has 2 flouring m. and several neat dwellings. Mount Tirzah, po.. Person co., N. C, 44 n. N. w. Raleigh, 260 W. Mount Tom, Mass., a little w. of Connecti- cut r., near Northampton. It belongs to a range which extends into Connecticut, and terminates near New Haven. Mount Union, p-o., Huntingdon co., Pa. Mount Union, p-v.. Stark co., O., 138 n. e. Columbus, 304 W. Mount Upton, p-v., Guilford t., Chenango co., N. Y., 99 w. Albany, 331 W. Situated on the w. side of Unadilla r., and contains 1 Episcopal church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 30 dwell- ings, and about 225 inhabitants. Mount Verno.n, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 15 N. w. Augusta, 609 W. There are several large and pleasant ponds in the t. The soil is very fertile. Incorporated in 1792. It has 6 stores, cap. $8,250 ; 2 fulling m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,795. 608 scholars in schools. Pop. 1,475. Mount Vernon, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 32 s. s. w. Concord, 366 W. Drained by a branch of Souhegan r. The surface is elevated. Or- ganized from Amherst in 1803. It has one store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,285. 4 sch. 210 scholars. Pop.720. Mount Vernon, p-o., Providence co., R. I., 17 w. Providence, 383 W. Mount Vernon, p-v., Chester co., Pa., 72 K. s. e. Harrisburg, 101 W. Mount Vernon, Va., the former residence of Gen. Washington, on the w. bank of the Potomac, 6 ms. below Alexandria. It contains the mansion and the tomb of the Father of his country ; and many a citizen ond traveller has made a pilgrim- age to this hallowed spot. Mount Vernon, p-o.. Rowan co., N. C, 132 w. Raleigh, 366 W. Mount Vernon, p-v., capital of Montgomery CO., Ga., 112 s. e. by s. Milledgeville, 723 W. It contains a court house, jail, a store, and a few dwellings. Mount Vernon, p-v., Mobile co., Ala., 184 s. by w. Tuscaloosa, 996 W. Situated 3 ms. w. of the Mobile r. It contains an arsenal, and several neat dwellings. Mount Vernon, p-v., capital of St. Francis CO., Ark. Situated 3 ms. west of St. Francis v., and contains a court house, and a few dwellings. Mount Vernon, p o., Monroe co., Tenn., 170 E. s. E. Nashville, 547 W. Mount Vernon, pv., capital of Rock Castle CO., Ky., 75 s. s. e. Frankfort, 563 W. It con- tains a court house and several stores and dwell- ings. Mou.nt Vernon, p-v., and capital of Knox co., O., 51 N. E. Columbus, 376 W. Situated on Ver- non r., or Owl cr. It contains a fine court house, jail, 4 churches — 2 Presbyterian, (1 old and 1 new school,) 1 Episcopal, a fine Gothic structure, and 1 Protestant Methodist — 20 stores, 3 flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 prmting offices, 250 dwell- ings, and 2,362 inhabitants. Mount Vernon, p-v., Macomb co., Mich., 32 N. Detroit, 554 W. Mount Vernon, p-v., capital of Posey co., la., 188 s. w. by .s. Indianapolis, 749 W. It is situated on a high bank, on a n. bend in the Ohio r., and commands a view of the r. for 16 ms. It contains a court house, jail, 15 or 20 stores, a steam flour- ing and saw m., and about 900 inhabitants. Mount Vernon, p-v., capital of JeflTerson co., 111., 129 s. s. E. Springfield, 794 W. It contains a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 9 stores, and about 200 inhabitants. Mount Vernon, p-v., Dade co.. Mo. Mount Vernon Village, p-v.. Mount Vernon t., Kennebec co.. Me., 17 n. w. Augusta, 612 W. MouNTViLLE, p-v., Loudon CO., Va., 133 n. Richmond, 50 W. It contains one store, and about 80 inhabitants. MouNTViLLE, p-v., Laurens dist., S. C, 74 N. w. Columbia, 512 W. MouNTviLLE, p-v., Troup CO., Ga., 112 w. Mil- ledgeville, 731 W. Mount Vision, p-v., Laurens t., Otsego co., N. Y., 79 w. Albany, 362 W. It contains 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 woollen fac, 1 Methodist church, and 20 dwellings. Mount Vista, p-o., Henry co., Tenn., 102 w. by N. Nashville, 780 W. Mount Washington, t., Berkshire co., Mass. Situated in the s. w. corner of the state. The surface is elevated and mountainous, being on the Taghkanic range, the principal summit of which is in this t., and is 3,000 feet above the level of the sea. Some of the soil is adapted to grazing. A branch of Ancram cr. rises here. Incorporated in 1779. It has 1 fulling m., 1 forge, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. 3 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 438. Mount AVashington, p-o., Urbanna t., Steu- ben CO., N. Y., 212 w. by s. Albany, 312 W. MountWashi.ngton, p-v., Washington co.,Ga., 33 E. s. E. Milledgeville, 636 W. Mount Washington, p-v., Bullitt co., Ky., 59 w. s. w. Frankfort, 601 W. Situated 2 ms. n. e. of Salt r., on tlie turnpike from Louisville to Bardstown, 18 ms. i'roin each, and contains 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, and about 300 inhabitants. 3IouNT Washington, p-o., Copiah co., Miss., 43 s. s. w. Jackson, 1,058 W. Situated on a branch of Bayou Pierre r. Mount Willing, p-o.. Orange co., N. C, 53 N. w. Raleigh. 287 W. Mount Willing, p-v., Edgefield dist., S. C, 41 w. Columbia, 527 W. Situated on a branch of Little Saluda r. Mount Willing, p^., Ix)wndes co., Ala., 120 s. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 869 W. Situated on Ce- dar cr. MUH 436 MUN Mount Yonaji, p-o., Habersham co., Ga., 154 N. Milledgeville, 620 W. Mount Zion, p-o., Lebanon co., Pa., 30 e. Harrisburg, 14U W. Mount Zion, p-o., Campbell co., Va., 118 w. by s. Richmond, 208 W. Mount Zion, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 106 N. w. Columbia, 48'J W. Mount Zion, p-v., Hancock co., Ga., 30 n. e. Milledgeville, 654 W. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an academy, and 18 or 20 dwellings. Mount Zion, p-o., DeKalb co., Ala., 126 n. e. Tuscaloo.sa, 691 W. Mount Zion, p-o.. Union co., Ky., 225 w. by s. Frankfort, 752 W. Mount Zion, p-o., Marion co.. 111., 117 s. s. e. Springfield, 769 W. MouREYTOvvN, p-v., White Oak t.. Highland CO., O., 87 s. \v. Columbus, 454 W. MouTii OF Miller's Creek, p-o., Estill co., Ky. MouTii OF PosA, p-o., Kanawha co., Va., 329 w. N. w. Richmond, 366 W. MouTii OF Sandy, p-o., Henry cc Tenn., 91 w. by n. Nashville, 769 W. Mouth of Wilson, p-o., Grayson co., Va...291 w. s. w. Richmond, 356 W. Mouth of Yellow Creek, p-o., Jefferson co., O., 149 E. by N. Columbus, 275 W. MoYAMENSiNG, t., Philadelphia co.. Pa. It has 127 stores, cap. $83,225 ; 1 cotton fac, 1 brewery. Cap. in manufac. $102,339. 2 acad. 745 students, 14 sch. 2,156 scholars. Pop. 14,573. (See Phila- delphia.) MucHiNiPPE, p-o., Logan co., O., 84 n. w. Co- lumbus, 469 W. MucKwoNAGo, p-o., Milwaukee co., Wis., 79 E. Madison, 806 W. Mud Creek, p-o., Bath t., Steuben co., N. ¥., 221 w. by. s. Albany, 293 W. Mud Ckeek, p-o., Henderson co., N. C. Mud Creek, p-o., Randolph co.. Ark. Muddy Creek, t., Butler co.. Pa. It has 5 stores, cap. $34,500 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,745. 13 sch. 504 scholars. Pop. 1,99S. Muddy Creek, p-o., Preston co., Va., 275 n. w. Richmond, 197 W. Muddy Creek Forks, p-o., York co.. Pa. Muddy Fork, p-o., Cleveland co., N. C, 194 w. bys. Nashville, 439 W. Muddy Lane, p-o., MacDonough co., 111., 98 N. w. Springfield. Muddy, r., Ky., rises in Todd and Logan coun- ties, and flowing n., forms the boundary between Butler and Muhlenburg counties, and enters Green r. Mud Lick, p-o., Chatham co., N C, 60 w. Raleigli, 314 W. Muhlenburg, county, Ky. Situated centrally in the e. part of the state, and contains 490 sq. ms. Green r. flows on its n. e. boundary, by branches of which it is watered. Capital, Green- ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,866, sheep 7,946, swine 32,959 ; wheat 34,960 bush, produced, Ind.corn 351,936, oats 37,731, potatoes 9,396, tobacco 286,747 pounds ; 1 furnace ; 15 stores, cap. $82,500 ; 5 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 7 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $7,530. 4 sch. 98 scholars. Pop. whites 5,755, slaves 1,196, free col'd 13; total, 6,964. Muhlenburg, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa., 112 n. E. Harrisburg, 223 W. MuHLENiiURG, t., Pickaway co., O., 12 n. w. Circleville. It contains the v. of Darbyville. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,400. 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 653. Mulberry, r., Ala., a n. w. and main branch of Tuscaloosa or Black Warrior r., which it forms by uniting with Locust Fork, on the vv. border of Jefferson co. Mulberry, p-o., Miami t., Clermont co., O., 108 s. w. Columbus, 480 W. Mulberry, p-o., Wilkes co., N. C, 193 w. by n. Raleigli, 3S3 W. Mulberry, p-o., Jackson co., Ga., 164 n. by w. Milledgeville, 645 W. Mulberry, t., Franklin co., Ark. It has 2 stores, cap. $13,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,400. 2 sch. 55 scho- lars. Pop. 614. Mulberry, t., Johnson co., Ark. It has 1 powder m., 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $700. Pop. 242. Mulberry, p-o., Lincoln co., Tenn., 86 s. Nashville, 709 W. Mulberry Creek, p-o., Autauga co., Ala., 101 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 862 \V. Mulberry Gap, p-o., Claiborne co., Tenn., 242 E. by N. Nashville. Mulberry Grove, p-o., Harris co., Ga., 139 w. by s. Milledgeville, 778 W. Mulberry Grove, p-o., Hopkins co., Ky., 206 w. s. w. Frankfort, 743 W. Mulberry Grove, p-o., Bond co., EL, 82 s. Springfield, 750 W. Mull Grove, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 183 w. by s. Raleigh, 425 W. MuLLico Hill, p-v., Gloucester co., N. J., 45 s. Trenton, 156 W. Situated on Racoon cr. It contains an Episcopal and a Friends church, 2 stores, and about 70 dwellings. MuLLiCA, t., Atlantic co., N. J. It has 10 stores, cap. $16,900; 1 furnace, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,300. 5 sch. 296 scho- lars. Pop. 1,056. MuLLiCAS, r., N. J., enters the Atlantic through New Inlet, 4 ms. e. of Leeds. It is navigable for vessels of 60 tons for 20 ms. It forms the boun- dary between BurUngton and Atlantic counties. MuLTONA Springs, a watering place, Attala CO., Miss., 13 N. Kosciusko. The waters contain valuable medicinal properties. It has 1 store, an academy, and a few dwellings. MuLTiCAULisviLLE, p-o.. Perry co.. Pa., 43 w. Harrisburg, 131 W. Mo.MFORDS Mills, p-o., Wasliington co., R. I., 46 Providence, 386 W. MuNcv, p-b., Muncy Creek t., Lycoming co., Pa., 85 N. Harrisburg, 195 W. Situated a mile E. of the Susquehanna r., and 1 m. s. of Muacy cr. It contains 4 churches — 1 Pres., 1 Bap., 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist ; 9 stores, cap. $45,500 ; 8 lumber yards, 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 2 distille- ries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $17,393. 2 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 662. Muncy, t., Lycoming co.. Pa., 13 n. e. Williams- port. The surface is mountainous ; soil, various. Muncy cr. runs on its e., and Loyalsock cr. on its vv. border. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 2 tan- neries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. ,$7,600. 6 sch. 360 scholars. Pop. 912. Muncy Creek, t., Lycoming co.. Pa., 13 s. e. Williamsport. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay. Drained by Big and Litile Muncy creeks, which flow into the vv. branch of Susquehanna r. It has 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $1,000; 2 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manuiac. $2i),300. 7 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,166. MuNCYTOWN, p-v., capital of Delaware co., MUR 437 MUS la., 53 N. E. Indianapolis, 529 W. Situated on tlie s. bank of Wliite r., on an elevation of 3U feet above the r. It is laid out in an oblong, 4 principal streets being 60 feet wide, the others 45, crossing each other at right angles. It contains 3 stores, 1 saw m., with a good water power, and about 400 inhabitants. MuNDV, t., Genesee co., Mich. Pop. 440. MuNFORDSviLLE, p-v.. Capital of Hart co., Ky., Ills. w. Frankfort, 635 W. Situated on the n. bank of Green r. It contains a court house, jail, several stores, and 274 inhabitants. Mungkr's Mili^ p-o.. Shannon co., Mo., 129 s. s. E. Jefferson City, 903 W. Mu.N'soN, p-t., Geauga co., O., 166 n. e. Colum- bus, 3 to W. It has 5 grist m., 7 saw m., 7 sch. 301 scholars. Pop. 1,263. Monster, p-v., Alleghany t., Cambria co., Pa., 133 w. by N. Harrisburg, 177 VV. It contains 2 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. Murchison's Mills, p-o., Cumberland co., N.C., 74 s. Raleigh, 362 W. Murder Kill, hundred, Kent co., Del. It has 21 stores, cap. $S7,750 ; 1 tannery, 8 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,850. 13 sch. 899 scholars. Pop. 4,763. Murdocksville, p-v., Washington co., Pa., 230 w. Harrisburg, 255 W. Murfreesborough, p-v., Hertford co., N. C, 142 E. N. e. Raleigh, 214 W. Situated on s. side of Chowan r. It contains a Presbyterian church, and an academy. Murfreeseorough, p-v., capital of Ruther- ford CO., Tenn., 34 s. E. Nashville, 665 W. Situ- ated on a branch of Stone cr., on a commanding eminence, and contains a court house, jail, a market house, a Presbyterian church, an acade- my, a printing office, about 200 dwellings, and 1,500 inhabitants. It was formerly llie capital of the state. The public buildings, and many of the dwellings, are neatly built of brick. The country around is highly fertile. Murphy, p-v., capital of Cherokee co., N. C, 367 w. by s. Raleigh, 597 W. Situated at the junction of Hiawassee and Valley rivers. It contains a court house, and other county build- ings. Murphie's Vallev, p-c, Blount co., Ala., 115 N. E. Tuscaloosa, 733 W. MuRPHEVsviLLE, p-o., Mason co., Ky., 73 e. N. E. Frankfort, 469 W. Murray, county, Ga. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 650 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Ooslanaulau r. and its branches. Surface mountainous, soil fertile. Capital, Spring Place. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,538, sheep 1,156, swine 12,899; wheat 10,568 bush, produced, Ind. corn 174,790, oats 10,654, potatoes 5,450, tobacco 1,187 pounds, cotton 9,875 ; 9 stores, cap. §12,000 ; 3 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 8 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,000. 18 sch. 318 scholars. Pop. whites 3,896, slaves 798, free col'd 1 ; total, 4,695. iMuRRAY, p-t., Orleans co., N. Y., 243 w. by n. Albany, 392 W. The surface is chiefly level ; soil, fertile. Drained by Sandy cr., which flows N. E. into Lake Ontario. It has 12 stores, cap. $33,300 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 3 grist m., 8 .saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $20,750. 2 acad. 70 students, 16 sch. 828 scholars. Pop. 2,675. Murray, p-v.. Wells co., la., Ill n. e. In- dianapolis, 553 W. Murray's Mills, p-v., Dearborn co., la., 99 s. E. Indianapolis, 531 W. Murraysville, p-v., Franldin t., Westmore- land CO., Pa., 181 w. Harrisburg, 207 W. It con- tains 1 Associate Reformed church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., and 1 woollen fac. Murraysville, p-v.. Hall co., Ga., 130 n. n. w. Milledgeville, 633 W. Murraysville, p-o., ('arlisle t., Lorain co., O., 114 N. N. e. Columbus, 377 W. Murrill's Shop, p-o., Nelson co., Va., 97 w. by N. Richmond, 152 VV. JIuRRiNsviLLE, po., Butler co., Pa., 210 w. by N. Harrisburg, 265 W. Muscatine, county, Iowa. Situated near the centre of the ter., having the Mississippi r. on its s. E. border, and contains 440 sq. ms. Watered by Red Cedar r. and its branches, and Pine cr., wliich affords water power, and a good harbor for steamboats at its mouth. The soil is fertile, particularly on the Mississippi and Wapsino- nock cr., a branch of Cedar r. Muscatine Slue forms a large and fertile alluvial island, on the borders of the Mississippi r. Capital, Blooming- ton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,547, sheep 422, swine 4,820 ; wheat 5,693 bush, produced, Ind. corn 44,345, oats 8,860, potatoes 8,647; 15 stores, cap. $4,285 ; 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,300. 4 sch. 68 scholars. Pop. 1,942. Muscatine, p-v., Muscatine co., Iowa. Situ- ated on the w. side of Muscatine Slue. Muscogee, county, Ga. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 410 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Upotoi cr. and its branches, tributaries of Chattahoochee r., which runs on its w. border. Capital, Columbus. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,946, sheep 1,807, swine 19,828; wheat 13,336 bush, produced, Ind. corn 251,420, oats 6,605, potatoes 7,931, cotton 1,186,990 pounds; G commission houses, $80,000; 106 stores, cap. $473,000; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,600 sp., 18 grist m., 18 saw m., 3 printing offices, 1 bind- ery, 3 weekly and 1 periodical newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $182,400. 3 acad. 60 students, 12 sch. 304 scholars. Pop. whites 6,939, slaves 4,701, free col'd 59; total, 11,699. Muscle Ridge Island, t., Lincoln co., Me. It has 1 sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 51. Muse's Botto.m, p-o., Jackson co., Va., 361 n. N. VV. Richmond, 329 W. Mush Creek, po., Greenville dist., S. C, 133 N. w. Columbia, 513 W. MusKEGO, t., 3Iilwaukee co.. Wis. Pop. 130. Muskegat, island, Mass., a small island be- tween Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, in the form of a horse-shoe. Muskingu.m, r., O., one of the largest rivers which runs wholly in the state, is formed by 2 main branches, Tuscarawas and White Woman's rivers, which unite at Coshocton. The Tuscara- was rises in Medina co., near tiie Cuyahoga r., and a portage between them formerly gave name to Portage t. and co. The Muskingum is naviga- ble for large batteaux, 100 ms., to Coshocton. It is obstructed by falls at Zanesville, where is a canal, with a dam and locks, affording a great water power. There is a slack water naviga- tion from Zanesville to Dresden, where a side cut 2i ms. connects the 3Iuskingum r. with the Ohio canal. The r. enters the Ohio at Marietta, by a mouth 225 yards wide. Muskingum, county, O. Situated toward the s. E. part of the state, and contains 665 sq. miles. Organized in 1804. Drained by Muskingum r. and its branches, the principal of which is Licking r. It abounds with bituminous coal, and has pipe clay and burr-stone, or cellular quartz, suitable for millstones. There are about 30 salt works in the CO. The brine is obtained by boring into a stratum of whitish sandstone, (called salt rock,) NAN 438 NAN at a depth of from 330 to 700 feel. The ancient mounds are numerous. Capital, Zane.sville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,934, sheep 37,173, swine 51,859; wheat 366,929 bush, pro- duced, rye 3,599, Indian corn 623,877, buckwheat 24,973, barley 2,098, oats 196,403, potatoes 1 13,149, tobacco 38,529 pounds, sugar 21,824; 50 commis- sion houses, capital $143,330; 66 stores, capital $120,725, 1 lumber yard, cap. $200; 3 fulling ra., 2 woollen fac, 8 tanneries, 9 distilleries, 5 breweries, 22 potteries, 22 flouring m., 27 grist ra., 72 saw m., 1 paper fac, 6 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- fac. $3S8,898 ; 1 college, 40 students, 4 acad. 218 students, 148 sch. 5,9^5 scholars. Pop. 33,749. Muskingum, p-t., Muskingum co., O., 61 e. Columbus, 346 W. It has 3 churches and a salt fac. 7 sch. 223 scholars. Pop. 1,252. MusKRAT Springs, p-o., Bradley co., Tenn. Myer's, p-o., Venango co., Pa., 196 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 284 W. MvsTic, p-v., Stonington t.. New London co., Ct., 52 s. E. Hartford, 362 W. It is situated on the E. side of Mystic r., and connected by a toll- bridge with Portersville, on the opposite side of the river. MvsTic Bridge, p-v., Groton t.. New London CO., Ct., 56 s. E. Hartford, 363 W. Situated on the w. side of Mystic r., in a v. called Porters- ville, which is connected with Mystic v. on the opposite side of the r., by a toll-bridge. The united villages are on Mystic r., 2 ms. from its mouth, and contain 10 stores, about 150 dwell- ings, and a mariners' church, in Portersville, free to all denominations. The r. is navigable for vessels of 400 tons to the bridge. A number of whale ships and coasting vessels are owned here. Several vessels are employed along the coast as wreckers, and cruise as far as the West Indies. About 300 men and boys, in both villages, are employed in navigation. Ship building is carried on at the head of Mystic r. IV. Nacoochke, p-o., Habersham co., Ga., 155 n. Milledgeville, 611W. Nahant, Lynn t., Essex co., Mass., 5 s. e. Lynn hotel, 9 s. Salem, 14 n. ^. Boston. It is a peninsula in Massachusetts bay, connected with the main land by a delightful beach, or narrow isthmus of sand, so compact as not to receive the imprint of a horse's hoof, or of a carriage wheel, a mile and a half in length, just high enough to prevent the waves from flowing over it. The peninsula consists of 2 parts, called Great Na- hant and Little Nahant, connected by Bass neck. Little Nahant, the inner portion, contains 42 acres, 17 of which are in good cultivation. Great Nahant, the outer portion, is 2 ms. long, and, in some places, half a mile wide, containing 463 acres. The surface is uneven, rising from 40 to 100 feet above the level of the sea. The shores generally consist of precipitous rocks, rising from 20 to 60 feet above the tide, with a great depth of water below. In some places, however, are beautiful beaches. The roar of the ocean against the rocks is sometimes tremendous. A spacious stone hotel, containing nearly 100 rooms, is erect- ed near the e. extremity. There are other board- ing houses in the vicinity, and about 20 beautiful cottages, the summer residences of gentlemen of fortune. Nahant is much frequented for health and pleasure. A steamboat plies between this place and Boston, and stages run frequently in the watering season. Nahonta, p-o., and depot of Wayne co., N. C, 61 s. E. Raleigh, 271 W. Situated on the Roanoke and Wilmington railroad. Namasket, r., Mass., unites with Bridgewater r. in Taunton. Namozine, p-o., Amelia co., Va., 41 s. w. Rich- mond, 160 W. Nanafalia, p-o., Marengo co., Ala., 100 s. by w. Tuscaloosa, 912 W. Situated on the e. side of Tombigbee r., 1 mile from the bluff and land- ing. Nane Warrior, p-o., Winston co., Miss., 104 N. K. Jackson, 966 W. Nanjemoy Bay, a small opening on the e. side of the Potomac, at the great bend above Port Tobacco. Nanjemoy, p-v., Charles co., Md., 88 s. w. Annapolis, 43 W. Situated at the head of the bay of the same name. It is a place of some trade. Nankin, p-v., Orange t., Richland co., O., 83 N. by e. Columbus, 372 W. It contains 2 stores and several dwellings. Nankin, p-t., Wayne co., Mich., 20 w. Detroit, 534 W. Watered by branches of Rouge r. It has 3 stores, 1 pottery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $3,100. 9 sch. 405 scholars. Pop. 1,109. Nansemond, r., Va., rises in the Dismal swamp, and enters, by a wide estuary, into Hampton roads. It is navigable over 20 miles, to Suffolk, for vessels of 100 tons. Nansemo.nd, county, Va. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, and contains 444 square ms. Drained by branches of Nansemond r. It con- tains a part of the Dismal swamp, and from Lake Drummond, in this swamp, there is a navigable feeder, 5 miles long, to the Dismal Swamp canal. Much of the soil is fertile. Capital, Suffolk. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,293, sheep 4,340, swine 23,287; wheat 5,351 bush, produced, Ind. corn 315,672, oats 34,514, potatoes 80,208, cotton 153,640 pounds; 42 stores, cap. $157,020; 5 lum- ber yards, cap. $27,000; 1 cotton fac. 1,040 sp., 1 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 17 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $69,620. 4 acad. 154 stu- dents, 13 sch. 270 scholars. Pop. whites 4,858, slaves 4,530, free col'd 1,407; total, 10,795. Nantasket Road, Mass., one of the main en- trances into Boston harbor, s. of the light-house. It affords good anchorage, with 5 or 6 fathoms of water. Nanticoke, r., Del. and Md., rises in Sussex CO., Del., and flows s. w., and after entering Md., receives Marshy Hope r., which rises in Kent co., Del. The united stream flows into Fishing bay, a branch of Chesapeake bay, by a wide estuary. Nanticoke, t., Broome co., N. Y., 14 n. w. Binghamton. The surface is undulating ; soil, well adapted to grass. Drained by Nanticoke cr., which flows into the Susquehanna r. It has 4 saw m., 6 sch. 153 scholars. Pop. 400. Nanticoke^ p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa., 120 n. e. Harrisburg, 224 W. Nanticoke, hundred, Sussex co., Del. It has 7 stores, cap. $4,720 ; 1 forge, 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,340. 1 sch. 60 schol- ars. Pop. 1,978. Nanticoke Falls, Pa., in the Susquehanna r,, 8 ms. below Wilkesbarre, where it pierces a mountain in the n. part of Newport t. A dam is erected here for feeding the North Branch canal, which supplies a vast quantity of surplus water, and affords great water power. NAP 439 NAR Nanticoke Springs, p-v., Nanticoke t., Broome co., N. Y., 142 w. a. w. Albany, 301 W. Here is a sulphur spring, much resorted to. It contains a hotel for the accommodation of visit- ers, and several dwellings. Nantucket, island and county, Mass., 10 e. Martha's Vineyard, 30 s. Cape Cod. It is situated in the Atlantic ocean, and is 15 ras. long, with an average breadih of 4 ms., containing 50 sq. ms. Some of the soil is very productive, but most of it is sandy and sterile. The land is chiefly held in common, and a large number of sheep and cows are fed on the common. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in navigation, and particu- larly in the whale fishery. The s. part of the island is a plain, elevated not more than 25 feet above the level of the ocean. On the N. part the land rises in hills about 40 feet high, but one peak is 80 feet high. Nantucket with a few small adjoining islands, constitutes Nantucket CO. On the s. E. of the island are Nantucket shoals, 50 ms. long and 45 wide, where numerous vessels have been wrecked. There were in 1840, neat cattle 523, sheep 7,500, swine, 278 ; wheat 91 bush, produced, Ind. corn 521, barley 374, oats 35 1, potatoes 4,525 ; 33 stores, cap. $142,000 : cap. invested in fisheries, $2,826,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 4 rope fac, 3 grist ra., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly, 1 semi-weekly news- papers. Cap. in manufac. $1,131,411. 5acad.630 students, 2S sch. 2,060 scholars. Pop. 9,012. Nantucket, p-v., capital of Nantucket co., Mass., 119 s. s. E. Boston, 500 W. Situated on the N. side of the island, at the bottom of the bay. It has an excellent harbor, which is nearly land- locked, by 2 projecting points of beach, about three fourths of a mile apart, on one of which, denomi- nated Brant Point, is a lighthouse. Nearly 2 ms. N. of the harbor is a bar, with 9 feet of water. About 150 vessels belong to the port, navigated by about 2,000 men and boys. The v. is com- pactly built, mostly with wood houses, and nar- row streets. It contains 9 churches — 1 Congre- gational, 1 Unitarian, 2 Friends, 1 Methodist Episcopal, 1 Methodist Reformed, 1 Episcopal, and 2 African, 1 of them Baptist — 3 banks, 2 in- surance companies, an athenaeum, with a library of over 2,000 volumes, and a fine museum, and the Coffin school, founded by Admiral Sir Isaac Coffin of the British navy, in 18.i7, who be- queathed to it a building, and a fund of 2,500 pounds sterling, in consequence of the fact, that most of the inhabitants were more or less remotely related to him. There is a daily communication with New Bedford, by steamboat. Tonnage, 1840, 31,915. Napier, t., Bedford co.. Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $3,500; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 powder m., 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 1 week- ly paper, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,600. 4 sch. 133 scholars. Pop. 2,463. Napierville, p-v., capital of Du Page co., III., 176 N. N. E. Springfield, 745 W. Situated e. of the W. Fork of Dupage r., and contains 4 stores, 1 saw m., 1 grist m., 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Naples, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 66 s. w. Augusta, 569 W. Incorporated in 1834. Wa- tered by Crooked and Saugo rivers, and portions of Long and Brandy ponds. A boatable com- munication extends from Long pond, Saugo r., and Brandy pond to Sebago pond, whence a canal extends to Portland. It has 7 sch. 254 scholars. Pop. 758. Naples, p-t., Ontario co., N. Y., 18 s. Canan- daigua, 2-10 w. Albany, 325 Albany. The sur- face is hilly ; soil, clay loam. Drained by inlets of Canandaigua and Honeoye lakes. The v. is situated on the inlet of Canandaigua lake, and contains 1 Presbyterian, 1 Congregational, and 1 Methodist church, 7 stores, 1 woollen fac, 3 flouring m., 3 saw m., 2 clothiers' works, 2 lan- neries, 2 distilleries, 1 furnace, 2 cabinet and chair fac, 125 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabit- ants. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $29,000 ; 3 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 3 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $43,720. 14 sch. 665 scholars. Pop. 2,345. Naples, p-v., Gwinnett co., Ga., 91 n. w. Milledgeville, 662 W. Naples, p-v., Scott co.. 111., 56 w. Springfield, 834 W. Situated on Illinois r., 2 ms. above the mouth of Mauvaiseterre r. It contains several stores, 3 steam mills, and about 100 dwellings. It has an extensive trade, and many steamboat arrivals and departures. Napoleon, p-t., capital of Henry co., O., 154 N. w. Columbus, 435 W. The v. is situated on the N. bank of Maumee r., and contains a court house, and several dwellings. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 grist ra., 1 saw m., 2 sch. 69 scholars. Pop. 615. Napoleon, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 66 w. De- troit, 512 W. It has 3 stores, cap. $9,000; 1 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,000. 1 acad. 86 students, 2 sch. 131 scholars. Pop. 1,098. Napoleon, p-v., Gallatin co., Ky., 51 n. Frank- fort, 528 W. Napoleon, pv., Ripley co., la., 53 s. e. In- dianapolis, 542 W. It contains 1 store, 1 tan- nery, several mechanic shops, and about 100 in- habitants. Napoleon, p-v., Chicot co.. Ark., 14S s. e. Little Rock, 1,037 W. Situated on the w. bank of the Mis.sissippi, at the entrance of Arkansas r. Napoli, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 303 w. by s. Albany, 341 W. The surface is elevated and rolling ; soil, fertile. Drained by Coldspring cr. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,300. 7 sch. 316 scholars. Pop. 1,145. Naponoch, v., Wawarsing t., Ulster co., N. Y. Situated on Rondout cr., half a mile w. of the Delaware and Hudson canal, and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 2 tanneries, 1 edge tool fac, 1 grist m., 70 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. The falls in the cr. here affiird a great water power. Narraganset Bay, R. I. This beautiful body of water sets up from the Atlantic, between Point Judith on the w., and Seaconnet rocks on the e., and is 23 ms. long, and from 3 to 12 broad. It receives Providence and Pawtucket rivers in its n. w. part, Taunton r. in its n. e. part, and Pawtuxet r. on its w. side. It contains a number of beautiful and fertile islands, of which the chief are Rhode Island, Canonicut and Prudence. It is accessible at all seasons, has some fine harbors, and is the best naval sta- tion in the United States. Narragaugus, v. and bay, Washington CO., 3Ie. The r. enters the bay in its n. w. part, and the bay contains several islands, has a broad and open mouth, and has Pleasant bay on the e. Narragaugus, p-o., Wasliington co., Me., 124 E. Augusta, 706 W. Narrowsburg, p-o., Lumberland t., Sullivan CO., N. Y., 141 s. w. Albany, 283 W. Narrow's Mills, p-o.. Union cj., Pa., 85 n. Ilarrisburg, 194 W. Narrows, New York harbor, lying between Long Island on the E., and Staten Island on the NAS 440 NAT W., about 1 mile wide, strongly defended by forts on each side. It forms the entrance from the lower bay into the harbor. Narrows, p-o., Alleghany co., Md. Nash, county, N. C. Situated a little n. e. of the centre of the state, and contains 640 sq. ms. Tar r. runs on its s. border, by branches of which it is drained. Capital, Nashville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 753, sheep 635, swine 2,257 ; wheat 833 bush, produced, Ind. corn 32,325, oats 5,882, potatoes 7,591, cotton 50,728 pounds ; 9 8ch. 13S scholars. Pop. whites 4,941, slaves 3,697, free col'd 409 ; total, 9,047. Nashawn, island, Mass. One of the Elizabeth islands, on the s. e. side of Buzzard's bay, 9 ms. long and 2 broad. Nashawenna, island, Mass. One of the Elizabeth islands. It is inhabited. Nashport, p-v., Licking t., Muskingum co., O., 54 Columbus, 351 W. Situated on the Ohio and Erie canal. It contains 2 stores, 3 ware- houses, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Nash's Stream, N. H., a branch of Upper Ammonoosuc r., which it enters from the n. Nashua, r., Hillsborough co., N. H., runs partly in Mass., and flows into the Merrimac at Dunstable, N. H. Nashua, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 12 n. w. Lowell, 36 s. by e. Concord, 447 W. It is situa- ted on the w. side of Merrimac r. It is level on the E., and uneven on the w. The soil is fertile. Watered by Nashua r. Tiie v. is situated on the N. side of Nashua r., near its entrance into the Merrimac, and contains 8 churches, 50 stores, and many elegant dwellings. The r. falls 65 feet in 2 ms., and produces an extensive water power, and here are large cotton factories. There are in the t. 50 stores, cap. $129,706 ; 5 cotton fac. 34,348 sp., 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,294,500. 1 acad. 214 stu- dents, 36 sch. 1,476 scholars. Pop. 6,054. Nashville, p-o., Hanover t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 310 w. Albany, 358 W. Nashville, p-v., Washington t.. Holmes co., O., 82 N. e. Columbus, 354 W. It contains 1 Dutch Reformed and 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. Nashville, p-v., capital of Nash co., N. Cj, 44 e. by N. Raleigh, 254 W. Situated on the s. side of Peach Tree cr., a branch of Tar r. It contains a conrt house and several dwellings. Nashville, city, capital of Davidson co., Tenn., and of the state, is situated on the s. side of Cumberland r., in 36° 9' 33" n. lat., and 86"^ 49' 3" w. Ion., 110 n. Huntsville, 183 w. Knox- ville, 250 s. w. Lexington, Ky., 909 s. w. N. York, 684 W. Pop. 1830, 5,566; 1840, 6,929. It is pleasantly situated, and regularly laid out ; the ground rises by a gentle inclination, and furnishes many pleasant situations for residences. It has a court house, jail, and market house, 11 church- es, 2 Baptist, 1 Christian, 1 Cumberland Presby- terian, 1 Presbyterian, 4 Methodist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Roman Catholic, 3 banks, the halls of the Nash- ville University, a lunatic asylum, and a state penilentiary, 310 feet long, 330 deep and 2 stories high, containing 200 cells for convicts. The Nashville University was founded in 1806, has a president and 5 professors, or other instructors, 236 alumni, 292 sfo.dents, and 10,000 vols, in its libraries. The commencement is on the first Wednesday in October. Cumberland r. is here navigable for vessels of from 30 to 40 tons, and at high water for ships of 4()0 tons. 15 steam boats are employed on the river, besides a great number of keel-boats and flat-boats. There were in 1840, 3 for. commercial and 8 commis- sion houses, cap. $235,000 ; 75 retail stores, cap. $1,606,400 ; 1 forge, 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 2 binderies, 1 daily, 5 weekly and 3 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- fac. $151,00,0. 3 acad. 320 students, 2 sch. 123 scholars. Tonnage, 4,733. Nashville, p-v., Lowndes co.. Miss., 155 n. E. .lackson, 871 W. Situated on the n. e. side of the Tombigbee r. Nashville, p-v., capital of Brown co., la., 54 s. Indianapolis, 599 W. Situated on the n. side of Salt cr. It contains a court house and several dwellings. Nashville, p-v., capital of Washington co., 111., 118 s. jjy e. Springfield, 793 W. Situated on an elevated and beautiful prairie, at the head of Little Crooked cr., and contains a court house, 3 stores, a steam saw m., and about 20 dwellings. Nashville, p-v., Boone co.. Mo., 24 n. w. JefTerson City, 953 W. Situated on the n. side of the Missouri r. Nassau, r., Flor., runs e. on the s. border of Nassau co., and enters by Nassau inlet into the Atlantic. Nassau, county, Flor. Situated in the n. e. part of the ter., and contains 576 sq. ms. The surface is level, and in some parts marshy. Amelia Island occupies the whole front of its Atlantic coast. St. Mary's r. runs on its n. bor- der, and Nassau r. on its s. border, by which, and their branches, it is drained. Capital, Nassau C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,686, sheep 436, swine 5,011, Indian com 17,400 bushels pro- duced, potatoes 16,000, rice 31,500 pounds, cotton 66,425 ; 2 stores, cap. $15,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $25,000 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 5 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. wliiies 954, slaves 908, free cold 30 ; total, 1,892. Nassau, p-t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 12 s. e. Albany, 365 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, gravel and warm loam, and productive. Drained by Kinderkook cr. and its tributaries. The v. is pleasantly situated on a plain, and contains 3 churches — 2 Presbyterian, and 1 Methodist — an academy, 5 stores, 1 grist m., 1 carriage fac, 50 dwellings, and about 400 iiihaSitants. There are in the t. 10 stores, cap. $2,300 ; 3 fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 3,158 sp., 3 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 6 grist m., 12 sawm. Cap. in man- ufac. $74,780. 15 sch. 879 scholars. Pop. 3,236. Natchez, city, and capital of Adams co., Miss., 100 s. w. Jackson, 1,110 W. It is situated on the e. bank of the 3Iississippi r., mostly on a bluff, elevated 150 feet above the level of the river, 155 ms. from New Orleans by land, and 292 by the course of the river. A part of the place is built on the margin of the r. It is laid out in the form of a parallelogram, with streets intersecting each other at right angles, but the site is very uneven. Some of the houses are elegant, but [hey are moi^tly of wood, and only one story high. Almost every house has a piazza and a balcony, and many of them have gardens finely ornamented with shrubbery, and stored with fruit. It has a court house, jail, 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 FJpiscopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Bethel for boatmen — 3 banks, 1 academy, 1 female seminary, an hopsital, orphan asylum, masonic hall, theatre, 2 steam oil mills for manufacturing oil from cotton seed, and 4,800 inhabitants. Three miles from the city is a race-course. The country around contains excellent cotton lands, and this place is a great cotton mart, and has an extensive and an increasing trade. Natchaug, r., Ct., rises in Union and Wood- stock, and enters Shetucket r., of which it is the NAT 441 NAZ largest branch, on the line of Chaplin and Mans- field. Natchitoches, parish, La. Situated in the N. w. part of the state, and contains 4,000 sq. ms. A greater portion of the par. consists of sterile land, covered with pine and some oak ; but along the Red r., which drains it, the soil is ferlile, and well adapted to cotton. The Sabine r. runs on its s. w. border. Capital, Natcliitoches. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,217, sheep 1,938, swine 15,849, Indian corn 362,806 bushels pro- duced, oats 10,080, potatoes 26,563, tobacco 114,350 pounds, cotton 10,638,709; 49 stores, cap. $494,500; 4 tanneries, 10 grist m., 12 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $74,500. 2 acad. 128 students, 5 sch. 53 scholars. Pop. whites 4,042, slaves 6,651, free col'd 657 ; total, 14,350. N.^TCHiTOCHEs, (pronounced Nakilosh,) p. v., capital of Natchitoches par., La., 368 n. w. by w. New Orleans, 1,287 W. It is situated on the w. side of Red r., 200 ins. above its junction with the Mississippi r., at the foot of a bluff, and is built chiefly on one street. It contains a court house, jail, a Roman Catholic church, and a United States military post, 2 printing ofUces, issuing 2 weekly newspapers, and about 2,000 inhabitants. It has considerable trade. It was settled by the French in 1717, and half the pre- sent inhabitants are of French descent. Nathansville, p-v., Conecuh co., Ala., 189 s. by w. Tuscaloosa, i'50 VV. Natick, p-t., 3Iiddlese.\ co., Mass., 17 w. s. w. Boston, 423 W. Incorporated in 1781. Wa- tered by Charles r., and contains numerous fish ponds. It has 2 villages. The n. village con- tiins 1 Congregational and 1 Methodist church, and about 3J dwellings. The s. village is the oldest, and contains a Unitarian church and 20 dwellings. The Boston and Worcester railroad passes through it. The first Indian church in New England was formed here, by the Rev. Mr. Elliott, the apostle of the Indians, in 1660, and an Indian village was formed, consisting of 2 long streets, on the Boston side of the r., and 1 on the other, with a foot bridge across the r., and the place flourished imder a succession of native and English teachers. It is now nearly extinct. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. §5,500; 2 grist m., 6sawm. Cap. in manufac. $38,800. 1 acad. 30 students, 6 schools, 309 scholars. Population 1,285. Natick, p-v., Warwick t., Kent co., R. I., 9 s. s. E. Providence, 399 W. Situated on the n. side of Patuxet river. It has several cotton fac- tories. Nation Ford, p-o., York dist., S. C, 81 .\. Co- lumbia, 426 W. Natural Bridge, p-v., Wilna t., Jefferson CO., N. Y., 153 N. w. Albany, 452 W. It con- tains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 1 store, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., and about 20 dwellings. Here is a natural bridge over Indian r., 15 feet wide, and 6 feet above the water, which is a curiosity. Natural Bridge, p-o., Rockbridge co., Va., 156 w. Richmond. Situated in the s. w. par, of the county, near the Natural Bridge, one of the greatest curiosities in the United States. This bridge consists of a stupendous arch of limestone rock, over a chasm 50 feet wide at its base, and 9) feet at top. The height of the bridge above the stream to the top, is 215 feet ; its average width is 80 feet ; its extreme length at top is 93 feet, and its thickness, from its under to its upper side, is 55 feet. It is covered to the depth of I'rom 4 to 6 feet with clayey earth, with a natural 5C parapet of rocks on the sides, rendered firm by trees and shrubbery. The view ^'rom above, to those who dare to take it, is awfully grand ; but the best view is obtained from beneath, where the astonished spectator has a full view of this sublime work of nature. Cedar cr., which flows under the bridge, is a small and unimportant stream. This bridge is of important use, as it constitutes a safe and convenient passage across this great chasm, not otherwise possible for some miles above or below. Natural Ca.nal, N. Y., connects the waters of Oswegatchie and Grass rivers. It is 6 miles long, and from 10 to 20 rods wide, very straight, and navigable, at high water, for boats of 10 tons burden. Natural Dam, p-o., Crawford co.. Ark., 174 w. N. w. Little Rock, 1,230 W. Naugatuck, r., Ct., rises in Norfolk and Win- chester, in the n. w. part of the state, and enters the Housatonic, in Derby. Naugatuck, p-v., Waterbury t., New Haven CO., Ct., 53 s. w. Hartford, 317 W. Situated principally on the w. side of Naugatuck r. It con- tains 4 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Metliodist — 1 sattinet fac, 1 clock fac, 1 button fac, and several other fac- tories, 150 dvi^ellings, and about 1,500 inhabit- ants. The amount of articles manufactured ex- ceeds $1,000,000 annually. Nauvoo, city, Hancock co.. 111., 124 n. w. Springfield, 891 W. It is situated on the e. bank of the Mississippi r., which is here about 2 miles wide, and where is a good steamboat landing. In consequence of a curve in the r., it bounds the place on the n. vv. and s. It is 181 ms. above the mouth of Illinois r., and the city limits include a space 4 miles long, and 3 wide, at its greatest width, covered with streest of ample width, and crossing each other at right angles. Its buildings, at the end of three years from the time of its es- tablishment, amount to 1,000, consisting chiefly of whitewashed log cabiiij,, with ."^ome frame and brick houses. Its public buildings are the " Nauvoo House," a spacious hotel, fronting on 2 streets, 120 feet on each, 40 feet wide, and 3 stories high above the basement. In this build- ing Joe Smith, the pretended prophet and leader of these " Latter-day Saints," is provided with a suite of rooms. The Nauvoo Ttmple, not yet en- tirely completed, will be 130 feet long, and 100 feet wide. In the basement is a baptistry or brazen sea, supported on 12 gilded oxen, the model of which is derived from the brazen sea of Solomon. Their property is held as private ; but a large farm, without the city, is occupied and cultivated in common. The Nauvoo Lisiion c.on- si.stsof from2 to 3,1100 men, armed and di.>ciplined. They have a Universili/, which contains a presi- dent, a professor of mathematics and English literature, a professor of the learned languages, and a professor of church history. The popula- tion amounts to 7,000, within the city limits, a large number of whom are from England, besides about 3,000 who belong to the fraternity, in the vicinity. The city is divided into 4 wards, and has a mayor, and, from each of the wards, 2 aldermen, 4 common councilmen, and a con- stable. Navarino, p-o., Onondaga I., Onondaga co., N. Y., 148 w. by n Albany. Navarino, Wis. (See Green bay.) Nave's Store, p-o., Livingston co.. Mo., 175 iN. w. Jefferson City, 1,069 W. Naylor's Store, p-o., St. Charles county. Mo. Nazareth, p-o., Northampton co., Va. NEL 442 NES Neale's Creek, p-o., Union dist., S. C, 71 n. w. Columbia, 437 W. Neatsville, p-v., Adair co., Ky., 84 s. by w. Frankfort, 593 W. IVeaves, t., Parke Co., O. It has 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 615. Nebo, p-o., Hopkins co., Ky., 206 w. s. w. Frankfort, 748 W. Neddock, cape, York co., 3Ie., is a rocky bar- ren bluff on the Atlantic coast, inhabited by a few fishermen. Needham, p-t., Norfolk co., Mass., 12 s. w. Boston, 427 W. Charles r. runs on its s. e. and N. border, which has here a fall of 20 feet, and another fall affording a good water power. At each of the falls is a village, with extensive man- ufactures of paper, cotton, shoes, &;c. The t. contains 5 churches — 2 Congregational, 2 Metho- dist, and 1 Baptist. The Boston and Worcester railroad passes through it. Incorporated in 1711. It has 4 stores, cap. $1,500; 1 cotton fae. 1,200 sp., 3 paper fac, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $67,900. 3 acad. 65 students, 6 sch. 360 scholars. Pop. 1,483. Neeley's Creek, p-o., York dist., S. C, 72 n. Columbia, 451 W. Neersville, p-o., Loudon co., Va., 168 n. Richmond, 52 W. Neewaygon, county, Mich. Situated in the w. part of the southern peninsula, and contains 864 square miles. Drained by Notipekago and White rivers. Maskegon r. passes across the southern part of the co. It is unorganized. Neffsville, p-v., Manheim t., Lancaster co.. Pa . 41 s. E. Harrisburg, 115 W. It contains 15 or 20 dwellings. Negreet. p-o., Natchitoches par., La., 407 n. w. by w. New Orleans, 1,326 W. Negro Foot, p-o., Hanover co., Va. Negwegon, county, Mich. Situated in the n. E. part of the slate, and contains 660 sq. miles. Drained by Au Sable r. and branches, on tlie s., and branches of Thunder Bay river on the n. It is unorganized. Neil's Creek, p-o., Steuben co., N. Y., 229 w. by N. Albany, 310 W. Neil's Mills, p-o., Nicholas co., Va., 300 w. by N. Richmond. Nelson, county, Va. Situated in the central Eart of the state, and contains 490 sq. ms. It is ounded by James r. on the s. e., and by the Blue Ridge on the n. w. Drained by Rock- fish, Rock, and Tye rivers. Capital, Lovingston. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,139, sheep 7,754, swine 20,341 ; wheat 128,478 bushels pro- duced, rye 35,820, Ind. corn 337,253, oats 90,777, potatoes 18,814, tobacco 2,228,817 pounds, cotton 994 ; 19 stores, cap. $258,400 ; 1 furnace, 6 tan- neries, 8 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 22 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $50,050. 1 acad. 70 students, 13 sch. 265 scholars. Pop. whites 6,1G3, slaves 5,967, free colored, 152; total, 12,287. Nelson, county, Ky. Situated a little n. of the centre of the state, and contains 460 sq. ms. Drained by Beech Fork and Rolling Fork of Salt r., and their branches. Capital, Bardstown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 18,503, sheep 20,353, swine 46,667 ; wheat 121,244 bush, prod., rye 56,073, Ind. corn 473,374, buckwheat 3,610, oats 15.5,179, potatoes 12,5il, sugar 14,711 pounds ; 6 lumber yards, cap. ,$200; 27 stores, capital, $139,130; 1 furnace, 1 woollen fac, 65 tanner- ies, 41 distilleries, 7 flouring m., 40 grist m., 25 saw m., 1 oil m., 3 priming offices, 2 weekly news- papers. Cap. in manufac. $12:i,370. 1 college, 108 students, 3 acad. 341 students, 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. whites 8,878, slaves 4,643, free col'dll6; total, 13,637. Nelson, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 44 s. w. Concord, 444 W. It occupies the height of land between Connecticut and Merrimac rivers. The surface is hilly ; soil, adapted to grazing. It has several ponds, the outlets of which flow into Ashuelot and Contoocook rivers, and afford good vs'ater power. Chartered by the name of Pack- ersfield, in 1774. There are in the t. 1 store, cap. $6,000 ; 1 cotton fac. 640 sp., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,000. 1 acad. 37 students, 9 sch. 336 scholars. Pop. 835. Nelso.n, p-t., Madison co., N. Y., 109 w. by n. Albany. The surface is elevated and undula- ting ; soil, clay and calcareous loam. Drained n. by Chittenango cr., and s. by head branches of C^henango r. The ^». contains 2 churches, 1 store, 35 dwellings, and about 225 inhabitants. The t. has 3 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanner- ies, 2 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, $10,325. 10 sch. 713 scholars. Pop. 2,100. Nelson, p-o., Tioga co., Pa., 165 n. Harrisburg, 275 W. Nelson, p-t.. Portage co., O., 164 n. e. Colum- bus, 320 W. Tlie soil is fertile, and adapted to grass and to grain. It has 9 sch. 291 scholars. Pop. 1,398. Nelson Factory, p-v., Nelson t., Cheshire CO., N. H., 38 s. w. Concord, 444 W. Situated on Souhegan r. It has a cotton fac. with 640 sp., and several neat dwellings. Nelsonville, p-v., York t., Athens co., O., 59 s. E. Columbus, 353 W. Situated on the n. side of Hockhocking r. It contains 2 stores, and about 100 inhabitants. Neosho, r., Indian ter., rises in the dividing ridge between the Arkansas and Kansas rivers, runs 240 ms. s. e. and s. through the Osage and Cherokee lands, and enters the Arkansas 3 or 4 ms. s. of Fort Gibson. Neosho, p-v., capital of Newton co.. Mo., 175 N. w. Jelferson City. Situated on Spring cr., a branch of Neosho r. Neponset, r., Mass., flows into Boston harbor, and is navigable for vessels of 150 tons, 4 ms., to Mil-on. Nepon-set Village, p-v., Dorchester t., Nor- folk CO., Mass., 5 s. Boston, 445 W. Situated on the N. side of Neponset r., and contains some mills and manufactories. Neptune, p-o., Mercer co., O., 112 w. n. w. Columbus, 505 W. Nescopeck, mt., Luzerne co.. Pa. Situated on the N. side of Nescopeck cr., runs 20 ms. par- allel to Wyoming mt., and is about 850 feet high. It is nearly destitute of timber on its sum- mit. Nescopeck, cr., rises in Hanover t., Luzerne CO., Pa., and flows over 30 ras. w. and n. \v., into the Susquehanna r., at Nescopeck v. Nescopeck, p-t., Luzerne co., Pa., 98 n. e. Harrisburg, 208 W. The surface is uneven, with some good bottom land on the streams. Watered by Big and Little Wapwallopen and Nescopeck creeks. The v. is situated at the en- trance of Nescopeck cr. into the Susquehanna r. It contains several stores, and about 30 dwell- ings. A bridge 1,256 feet long, and roofed, which cost $31,000, here crosses the Susquehanna. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $9,200 ; 1 forge, 2 flouring m., 6 f-aw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,1U0. 6 sch. 265 scholars. Pop. 1,370. Neshaminy, r , Pa., rises in Hilltown t., Bucks CO., and by a winding course of 35 ms., flows in- to Delaware r., 3 ms. below Bristol. It is cross- ed by several fme bridges, and the one nearest NEW 443 NEW its mouth on the road to New York, is a toll and a draw bridge. Neshanock, t., Mercer co., Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 2 commission houses, cap. $4,300 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 7 grist ni., 12 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $6,810. 13 sch. 555 scholars. Pop. 2,068. Nether Providence, p-t., Delaware co.. Pa., 12 w. Philadelphia, 90 Harrisburg, 124 W. The surface is level ; soil, productive clay, and well cultivated. Drained by Ridley cr. on its w., and Crum cr. on its e. boundary, both tlowing into the Delaware r. It has 7 stores, cap. $22,900 ; 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 5 .saw. Cap. in manu- fae. $6,710. 1 sch. 144 scholars. Pop. 1,025. Nettle Creek, t., Randolph co., la. It has 3 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 596. Nettle Hill, p-o., Westbury t., Chautauque CO., N. Y. Nesa^u.^ke, r., Suffolk co , N. Y., rises in the t. of Smithtown, and flows w. 4 ms., whence it forms 3 ponds in succession, affording excellent water power. Thence it flows n. 5 ms. into Long Island sound, being navigable that distance for small craft, at high tide. NESAauAKE, v., Smithtown t., Suffolk co., N. Y. Situated on the e. side of a stream of the same name, and contains a school house, and 10 or 12 dwellings. Here was the re.sidence of " Ricliard Smith," and the first settlement made on this part of Long Island. Neshoba, county, Miss. Situated toward the E. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Drained by Pearl r., and its head branches. Capital, Philadelphia. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,003, sheep 677, swine 8,663 ; wheat 7,163 bush, produced, Ind. corn 83,230, oats 1,810, potatoes 14,506, rice 1,563 pounds, tobacco 2,918, cotton 1,032,947; 3 stores, cap. $19,000; 3 tan- neries, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $800. 4 sch. 65 scholars. Pop. whites 1,693, slaves 744; total, 2,437. Neuse, r., N. C., rises in Person and Orange counties, and after a course of about 300 ms., flows into a large estuary, connected with Pam- lico sound. It is navigable for sea vessels 12 ms. above Newbern, and ibr boats about 200 ms. Neversink, p-t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 99 s. w. Albany, 312 W. The surface is hilly and moun- tainous. Drained by Neversink r. on the s., and by Rondout cr. on the e. It has 4 stores, cap. $9,800 ; 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $158,850. 14 sch. 520 scholars. Pop. 1,681. JNeversink, Highlands of, extend across the N. part of Monmouth co., N. J. Adjacent to the ocean they are 300 or 400 feet high, consisting of sandy earth, colored by oxide of iron, and imbed- ding reddish brown sand and pudding-stone, ce- mented by iron, resting on banks of oyster shells and other marine relics, blended with clay and sea mud. A small portion of them only is culti- vated, but they are generally covered with wood. Neville, p-v., Washington t., Clermont co., O., 126 e. s. e. Columbus, 486 W. Situated on the Ohio r. Nevix, p-o.. Highland co., O., 82 s. w. Colum- bus, 449 W. New Alba.ny, p-v., Albany t., Bradford co.. Pa., 136 N. Harrisburg, 247 VV. New Albany, city, and capital of Floyd co., la , 121 s. by e. Indianapolis, 600 W. Situated on the N. bank of the Ohio r., 2 ms. below the foot of the falls, where the Ohio descends 32 feet in one mile. It is the largest place in the state, and contains a court house, jail, 9 churches — 2 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 2 Baptist, 2 Methodist, 1 Campbellite, and 1 Roman Catholic— a bank, an insurance co., 1 male and 1 female seminary, a lyeeum, 4 schools, a theological college, 40 or 50 stores of different kinds, i iron foundry and steam engine fac, 1 rope fac, 1 steam grist m., 1 steam saw m , 1 hemp bagging fac, and 4,226 in- habitants. It is regularly laid out with six streets running parallel with the r. the whole length of the city, intersected by 11 others crossing them at right angles. The streets are generally from 60 to 80 or 100 feet wide. From 10 to 15 steam- boats are built here annually, besides sloops and schooners, to be sold at New Orlean.s, and there are several extensive ship yards. The place was laid off in 1813. A niicadamizcd road is finished 50 ms., being part of an overland communication with St. Louis, Mo. A railroad is also partly finished toward Cravvfordsville, la. There are in the t., exclusive of the city, 1,303 inhabitants. New Aldany, p-v., Pontotoc co., Miss. New Albany, v.. Green t., Columbiana co., O. It has 1 sch. and 52 inhabitants. New Albion, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 307 w. by s. Albany, 347 VV. The surface is ele- vated and broken ; soil, fertile, adapted to grain and to grazing. Drained by Cattaraugus cr. and Alleghany r. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 1 grist m., 4 saw ra. Cap. in manufae. $1,500. 6 sch. 254 scholars. Pop. 1,016. New Ale.xander, p-v.. West t., Columbiana CO., O., 146 N. e. by e. Columbus, 292 W. It has 2 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. New Alexandria, p-v., Westmoreland co., Pa., 171 w. Harrisburg, 197 W. Situated on the E. side of Loyalhanna r., and contains 3 stores, and about 30 dwellings. New Alstead, p-v., Alstead t., Cheshire co., N. II., 54 s. w. Concord, 458 W. Situated on s. side of Cold r. New Amsterdam, p-v., Harrison co., la., 140 s. Indianapolis, 637 W. Situated on the e. side of the Ohio r., immediately above the entrance of Indian cr. Newark, p-t., Caledonia co., Vt., 57 n. e. Montpelier, 567 W. The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, cold and wet, and unproductive. Drained by the head waters of Pasumsic r. It has 2 saw m., 4 sch. 133 scholars. Pop. 360. Newark, t., Tioga co., N. Y., 8 n. Owego, 161 w. s. w. Albany. The surface is hilly, with I'cr- tile valleys ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by E. and W. Owego creeks. It has 5 stores, cap. $13,000; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 5 grist m., 20 saw m. Cap. in manufae. '''"'^,840. 511 schol- ars in schools. Pop. 1,616. Newark, p-v., Arcadia t., Wayne co., N. Y., 186 w. by N. Albany. 357 W. Situated on the Erie canal, and contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Universalist — 12 stores, 2 ware- houses, 1 steam flouring m. and distillery, 2 steam furnaces, 2 carriage fat-., 200 dwellings, and about 1,200 inhabitants. Newark, city, port of entry, and capital of Es- sex CO., N. J., 9 w. New York, 49 \. e. Trenton, 215 W. It is situated on the w. side of Passaic river, 3 ms. from its entrance into Newark bay, and is the most populous and flourishing place in the state. It is in 40° 44' n. lat., and 2° 44' k. Ion. from W. The population in 1830, was 10,950; in 1840, 17,290. Of these, 206 were employed in commerce ; 2,424 in manufactures and trades ; 59 navigating the ocean, rivers, &c. ; 101 in the learned professions. The river is navigable to this place for vessels of 100 tons burden, and the Morris canal passes through it There is a communication, a large NEW 444 NEW part of the year, twice a day by steamboat to New York, "and several times a day by railroad. The place is regularly laid out, the streets are generally broad and straight, and many of the houses are neat and elegant. Two large public grounds, bordered by lofty trees and bounded by tlie principal avenues, add mucli to the beauty of the place. The city is abundantly supplied with pure water brought by a company from a fine spring, 2 miles distant, and distributed in the city in iron pipes of a total length of 7 miles. Several of the churches are hands^ome buildhigs. The court house is built of brown freestone, in a commanding position in the w. part of the city, and is a large and elegant building of the Egyp- tian architecture. There are 17 churches — 5 Presbyterian, 1 As- sociate Reformed, 'i Baptist, 3 Methodi.«t, 1 Epis- copal, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 African 31ethodist, 1 Roman Catholic, 1 Bethel, and 1 Universalist. There are 3 banks, with an aggregate capital of $1,430,000, of which not more than two thirds have ijeen paid in. There is an apprentices' library ; a circulating library ; a mechanics' asso- ciation for scientific and literary improvement, who have a valuable library and philosophical apparatus, and who support public lectures ; and a young men's literary association. The "commerce of Newark is considerable and increasing. The coasting trade employs 65 ves- sels of 100 tons each. A wlialing and sealing company was incorporated in 1833, which is prosecuting the business. The tonnage of this port in 1840, was 6,6-^7. There were in 1810, 2 for. commercial and 2 commission stores, cap. $15,000; 114 retail stores, cap. $3i 1,-50; Clum- ber yards, cap. §38,000 ; fisheries, cap. $60,000 ; precious metals, value produced $154,312; man- ufactures of leather, cap. $285,951 ; 2 breweries, cap. $13,000; carriages, cap. $218,700; 5 print- ing offices, 2 binderies, 1 daily, and 3 weekly newspapers, and 3 periodicals, cap. $32,300. To- tal cap. in manufac. $1,511,339. 6 acad. 319 stu- dents, 30 sch. 1,955 scholars. This town was first settled in 1666, by a com- pany from Guilford, Branford, Milford, and New Haven, Conn. They purchased the territory, including several neighboring towns, of the In- dians for i"130. New England currency, 12 In- dian blankets, and 12 guns. They formed a government, and administered it, often disputing the claims of the proprietaries, by holding to an original and superior right. iVEWARK, p-v., New Castle co., Del., 59 n. by w. Dover, 99 W. Situated in the w. part of the county. Newark, p-v., Worcester co., Md., 123 s. e. Annapolis, 163 W. Situated in the e. part of the county. Newark, p-v., capital of Licking co., O., 39 e. N. E. Columbus, 366 W. Situated at the conflu- ence of 3 principal branches of Licking r., and on the Ohio and Erie canal, which passes along one of its streets. The streets are from 6 to 8 rods wide, crossing each other at right angles, with a large public square in tiie centre, on which is an elegant brick court house. It has also a jail, several churches, 2 academies, a market house, 15 stores, several large warehouses, 2 print. offices, 350 dwellings, and 2,705 inliabitants. Newark, t., Allegan co., Mich., 180 w. De- troit. 'I'he V. is situated on Kalamazoo r., 2 nis. from its mouth, in lake Michigan. It has a com- modious harbor, and contains several stores, a warehouse, a steam saw ni., and about 20 dwell- ings. The t. has I tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $102,300. Pop. 121. Newark, p-v., Warrick co., la. Situated on the E. side of Big Pigeon cr. Newark, p-v., La Salle co., III., 153 n. n. e. Springfield, 776 W. Newark, p-v., Scotland co., Mo., 44 n. Jeffer- son City, 958 W. Situated on the n. e. side of the S. Fabius r. Newark Valley, p-v., Newark t., Tioga co., N. Y., 154 w. s. w. Albany, 2S5 W. Situated on East Owego cr., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church., a high school, 5 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 60 dwellings, and about 400 inhab- itants. New Ashford, t., Berkshire co., Mass., 18 n. Lenox, 130 w. by n. Boston. Incorporated in 1801. The surface is mountainous ; soil, adapted to grazing. Drained by head branches of Green r. and of Housatonic r. Marble is found here. It contains a 3Iethodist church. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,200. 2 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 227. New Athens, p-v., Athens t., Harrison co., O., 115 E. by N. (.^olumbus, 291 W. It contains a church, 4 stores, and about 300 inhabitants, ex- clusive of students. It is the seat of Franklin col- lege, whicb was founded in 1825, has a president, and 6 professors or other instructors, 84 alumni, of whom 7 have been ministers of the gospel. 51 students, and 1,900 vols, in its libraries. The commencement is on the lastWednesday in Sep- tember. New BALTiMOREjp-t., Greene co., N. Y., 15 s. Albany, 354 W. Tlie surface is broken and hilly ; soil, a fertile clay and sandy loam, well cultivated. Drained by Dieppe and Haivrakraus creeks, flowing into Hudson r., which bounds it on the E. The v. is situated on the w side of Hudson river, and contains 1 Dutch Reformed church, 4 stores, 2 warehouses, 2 ship-yards for repairing vessels. It has a convenient steamboat landing, and 6 sloops which trade to New York. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $13,700 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 7 saw. Cap. in manufac. $31,650. 16 sch. 637 scholars. Pop. 2,306. New Baltimore, p-v., Fauquier co., Va., 108 N. by w. Richmond, 45 W. It contains 1 Baptist church in the vicinity, an academy, 2 stores, 1 tannery, about 20 dwellings, and 120 inhabitants. New Baltimore, p-v., Marlboro t.. Stark co., O., 133 N. E. Columbus, 315 W. New Barbadoes, t., Bergen co., N. J. Tlie surface is mostly level ; soil, sandy loam and red shale, and well cultivated. Drained by Hacken- sack r. It contains the v. of Ilackensack, the capital of the CO. It has 7 stores, cap. $1,500; 3 lumber yards, cap. $16,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 distil- lery, 6 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, $9,100. 1 acad. 25 students, 6 sch. 218 scholars. Pop. 2,104. New Bedford, p-t., port of entry, and semi- capital of Bristol CO., Mass., 2o s. s. e. Taunton, 58 s. Boston, to which it is connected by railroad, 431 W., in 41° 38' 7" n. lat., and 70° .55' 49" w. Ion. Pop. in 1820, 3,947; 1830, 7,592; 1840, 12,087. New Bedford is on an arm of tlie sea, which sets up from Buzzard's bay. The ground rises rapidly from the water, and gives the upper part of the town, which contains many splendid dwellings, a commanding situation. A bridge, near the centre of the place, connects it with Fairhaven. It contains a court house ; 4 banks, capital $1,300,000; 3 insurance offices, capital $.330,000 ; and a savings institution ; 14 churches — 1 Baptist, 3 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, 2 Christian, 1 Friends, 2 Sletliodist, 1 Roman Cath- olic, 1 Unitarian, 1 Universalist, 1 Bethel, and 1 NEW 445 NEW African. There are 17 candle liouses and oil manufactories. The liarbor is safe and spacious. Tlie .surrounding country affords lew exports, and the inhnbiiants and capital of the place are chiefly devoted lo tiie whale fi.shery. Its ton- nage in 184(1 was 8i\039, being the second district in this respect in the stale. There were in 1840, 174 stores, cap. "^'482,350 ; 6 lumber yards, cap. $3t,800: capital employed in the fisheries, $4,512,000 ; salt produced, 13,100 bush. ; 3 tanne- ries, 4 grist in., 2 saw m., 1 rope walk, 1 paper fac. 3 printing ofliccs, 1 bindery, 2 daily and 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in nianufac. $527,800. 2 acad. 118 students, 53 sch. 3,455 scholars. New Bedford, p-v., Mahoning t., Mercer co.. Pa., 244 w. N. w. Columbus, 2S5W. It contains a Presbyterian church, 2 stores, and about 30 dwellings. New Bedford, p-v., Crawford t., Coshocton CO., O., 99 N. E. Columbus, 333 W. It has 1 store and about 30 dwellings. New Benton, v.. Smith t, Columbiana co., O. It has 74 inhabitants. Newbf.rg, p-t., Cass CO., Mich., 157 w. by s. Detroit, 605 W. It has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 46 scho- lars. Pop. 175. New Berlin, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 8 n, E. Norwich, 88 w. Albany, 347 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, moist clay loam, adapted to grass, and some of it to grain. Drained by Una- dilla r. The v. is situated on the w. bank of Unadilla r., and contains 4 churches — 1 Presby- terian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 8 stores, 1 cotton fac., 1 grist m., 1 tannery, 1 rope walk, 1 oil m., 1 carding machine, 1 trip-hammer works, 1 brewery, 100 dwellings, and about 6IJ0 inhabitants. There are in the t. 13 stores, cap. $53,21)0; 1 fulling m., 1 cotton fac. 4,400 sp., 4 tanneries, 1 (laper fac, 1 bindery, 1 weekly news- paper, 5 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $192,700. 23 sch. 7G5 scholars. Pop. 3,036. New Berlin, p-b., capital of Union co., Pa., 69 N. Harrisburg, 179 VV. Situated on the n. side of Penn's cr., which affords water power. I* contains a handsome court house, containing the public offices, of brick, 80 feet long, a stone jail, 2 neat churches — 1 common to Lutherans and German Presbyterians, the other Methodist ; 3 stores, capital $18,000; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $11,000. Pop. 679. Nr.w Berlin, p-v., Blair t., Stark co., O., 129 N. E.Columbus, 318 W. New Berlin, p-v., Milwaukee co., Wis., 91 e. Madison, 818 W. New Berlin Centre, p-c. New Berlin t., Chenango co., N. Y., 102 w. Albany, 343 W. Newbern, p-v., Greene co., Ala. Newbern, p-v., Bartholomew co., la., 50 s.by F.. Indianapolis, 570 W. Situated on the s. side of Clifty cr. Newbern, p v., Greene co., 111., 83s. w. Spring- field, 820 W. Newbern, p-v., port of entry, and capital of Craven co., N. C, is situated on the s. w. bank of the Neuse r., at the junction of the Trent, 30 nis. above Pamlico sound, 120 e. s. e. lialeieh, 100 n. n. e. Wilmington, 348 W. Pop. 1830, 3,776 ; 1840. 3,690. It was long the capital of the state. The Neuse is here a mile and a hall", and the Trent three fourths of a mile wide. It has a court house, jail, a theatre, a masonic hall, 2 banks, and 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. It is pleasantly situated and handsomely built, and more healthy than most places in the state so near the seaboard. It has considerable trade, and exports grain, pork, lum- ber, and naval stores. A steamboat plies to Eliz- abeth City, and this connects with the line from Norfolk, Va., to Charleston, S. C. There were in 1840, 53 stores, cap. $37'.),410; 83,000 barrels of tar, pitch, or turpentine, 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 week- ly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $151,650. 4 acad. 151 students, 3 sch. 92 scholars. Nkwberry, district, S. C. Situated a little n. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 540 sq. ms. Broad r. runs on its e. border, and Saluda r. on its s. border, by branches of which it is wa- tered. Much of the soil is fertile. Capital, New- berry. There were in 1840, neat cattle 19,600, sheep 7,183, swine 35,666 ; wheat 57,350 bush, produced, rye 708, Ind. corn 635,634, barley 1,129, oats 73,185, potatoes 33,460, cotton 3,105,107 pounds ; 34 stores, cap. $95,350 ; 4 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 15 flouring m., 18 grist m., 18 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $90,350. 3 acad. 134 students, 29 sch. 757 scholars. Pop. whites 8,20S, slaves 9,904, free col'd 238 ; total, 18,350. Newberry, t., York co.. Pa. It has 7 stores, cap. $21,900; 2 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 3 potte- ries, 6 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in man- ufac. $33,160. 13 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 1,850. Newberry, p-v., Lycoming co.. Pa., 95 n. Har- risburg, 205 W. Newberry, p-t., Geauga co., O., 159 n. w. Co- lumbus, 333 W. Newberry, p-v., Wayne county, Ky., 119 s. Frankfort, 608 W. Situated on the w. side of Otter creek. Newberry, C. H., p-v., capital of Newberry dist., S. C, 40 w. n. w. Columbia, 504 W. Newberrytown, p-v., York co., Pa., 19 s. Harrisburg, 105 W. New Bethel, p-v., Marion co., la., B s. e. In- dianapolis, 579 W. New Bloomfield, p-b., Juniata t., capital of Perry co.. Pa., 34 w. by n. Harrisburg, 126 W. It contains a court house and public offices of brick, a stone jail, 5 stores, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, a printing office, issuing a weekly newspaper, about 60 dwellings and 400 inhabitants. Incorporated as a borough in 1831. (See Bloomfield.) New Bloomfield, p-v., Callaway co.. Mo., 11 n. by e. Jefferson City, 928 W. Newborn, p-v., INewton co., Ga., 55 n. w. Milledgeville, 651 W. New Boston, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 22 s. by w. Concord, 467 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile. It has several ponds. Watered by a branch of Piscataquoag river. Incorporated in 1763. It has 3 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 4 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in maini- fac. $31,63;). 18 sch. 553 scholars. Pop. 1,569. New Boston, p-v., Sandisfield t., Berkshire CO., Mass., 122 w. by s. Boston, 360 W. New Boston, p-v., Thompson t., Windhanj CO., Ct., 48 N. e. by e. Hartford, 334 W. Situa- ted on both sides of the Quinnebaug r. New Brai.ntree. p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 66 w. Boston, 399 W. The surface is moderate- ly uneven ; soil, fertile, adapted to grazing. Drained by Ware r., wiiich runs on its n. w. bor- der. It is finely watered by springs and brooks, on one of which, flowing into VVare r., is a fertile meadow of several hundred acres. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,375. 7 sch. 233 scholars. Pop. 752. New Bremen, p-v., German t., Mercer co., O , 97 w. N. w. Columbus, 491 W. New Bridge, p-v., Lumpkin co., Ga., 136 n. N. w. Milledgeville, 630 W. Situated on the n. side of Chestatee r. NEW 446 NEW New Bridgeville, p-o., York oo., Pa., 39 s. Harrisburg, 101 VV. New Brighton, v., Castleton t., Richmond CO., N. Y. Delightfully situated on the n. end of Staten Island, 6 ms. from New York, with which it i.s coiinecled by a steam ferry. It con- tains a number of elegant dvvelling.s, on ascend- ing ground, and 2 large hotels, much resorted to in the summer, a young ladies' seminary, and the Si*lor's Snug Harbor, 1 m. w. The view of this place from New York, and the view from this place of the city and harbor is beautiful. New Brighton, b., Beaver CO., Pa. Situated on the E. bank of Beaver river, 3 miles above its mouth, which affords water power. It contain.s 6 churches — 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Asso- ciate Reformed, 1 Unionist, and 2 Friends — 1, fe- male seminary, an insurance office, the New Brighton Institute, for the promotion of literature and science, and 9 stores. The v. is regularly laid out, with broad streets, crossing each other at right angles, and has many beautiful residen- ces. 2 bridges cross the Beaver, 1 at each end of the v., one to Brighton t., and the other to Fallston b. The Pennsylvania and Ohio canal passes through it. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $13,000; 1 furnace, 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 printing office, 1 weekly new.spaper, 2 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $91,350. 2 acad. 85 students, 3 sch. 92 scholars. Pop. 981. New Britain, p-v., Berlin t., Hartford co., Ct., 10 s. w. Hartlbid, 326 W. It contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Methodist, and 1 Baptist — 45 factories, chiefly of brass, employing 700 persons, and a cap. of $650,000 ; and about 1,500 inhab- itants. New Britain, p-o.. New Lebanon t., Colum- bia CO., N. Y., 24 s. E. Albany, 36S W. Ni:w Britain, p-t, Bucks co., Pa., 25 n. w. Philadelphia, 96 e. Harrisburg, 165 W. The surface is rolling; soil, sandy loam. Drained by branches of Neshamiiiy cr., which affords water power. It has 3 stores, cap. .$8,000 ; 1 tannery, 5 grist ra., 5 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $9,510. 2 sch. 48 scholars. Pop. 1,304. New Brunswick, city, capital of Middlesex CO., N. J., i'i s. w. New York, 27 n. e. Trenton, 193 W. Situated on the w. bank of Raritan r., 14 ms. from its entrance into Raritan bay at Am- boy. It is the capital of Middlesex co., though it lies partly in Somerset co., Albany-street form- ing the dividing line. The streets immediately on the r. are narrow, and the ground is low. The streets on the upper bank are wide, and con- tain many fine buildings. A toll-bridge here crosses the Raritan, rebuilt in 1811, and cost $36,687. A railroad bridge crosses the r., a little above. Incorporated as a city in 1784. It con- tains a court house, jail, 7 churches — 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 colored Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — 2 banks, 120 stores, 800 dwellings, and 8,693 inhabitants. It is the seat of Rutgers Col- lege, founded in 1770, which has a president, 10 prolessors or other instructors, 370 alumni, of whom 77 have been ministers of the gospel, 82 students, and 1,200 vols, iu its libraries. The commencement is on the third Wednesday in July. The Delaware and Raritan canal com- rnences here, extending 43 ms. to Trenton, is 75 feet wide and 7 iiset deep, admitting the passage of sloops of from 75 to 100 tons burden. The New Jersey railroad passes through the city, forming a part of the chain of railroads from New \ork to Philadelpliia, Baltimore, and Wash- ington. New Buffalo, p-o., Buffalo t., Perry co.. Pa., 19 N. by w. Harrisburg, 129 W. Situated on the Susquehanna r., 5 ms. above the entrance of the Juniata, where is a ferry across the former. New Buffalo, p-t., Berrien co., Mich., 225 w. by s. Detroit, 678 W. The v. is situated on a point of land between Galien r. and Lake Michi- gan, and contains 4 stores, a forwarding and commission house, about 60 dwellings, and 400 inhabitants. It forms the termination of a pro- jected railroad from Monroe across the s. part of the peninsula. It has 1 sch. 10 scholars. Pop. 123. Newburg, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 51 n. e. Augusta, 646 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Incorporated in 1819. Drained by a branch of Sowadabscook r. It has 2 stores, cap. §2,000; I grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 9 sch. 427 scholars. Pop. 963. Newburg, p-t., semi-capital of Orange co., N. Y., 60 N. New York, 84 s. by w. Albany, 286 W. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, clay and sandy loam. Hudson r. bounds it on the e. The v. is pleasantly situated on the w. bank of Hudson r., on rising ground. Incorporated in 1800. It contains a court house, jail, 1 1 churches — 2 Presbyterians, 2 Associate Reformed, 1 Bap- tist, 1 Methodist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Reformed Presbyterian, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 African — 3 banking houses, 1 academy, 1 high school, a theological seminary of the Associate Reformed church, 150 stores, 9 storehouses, 5 freighting establishments, 3 flouring m., 3 plaster m., 1 brewery, and numerous mechanical and manufacturing establishments, 1,0U0 dwellings, and about 6,000 iidiabitants. It has 4 steamboats and 2 freight barges, which run between it and New York city, and 1 steamboat running to Al- bany, besides a number of sloops, trading to dif- ferent places on the r. There is a steam ferry between this place and Fishkill, on the opposite side of the r. Washington had his head-quarters here, for a time, during the revolutionary war, and the house is standing in which he and his family resided ; and here the American army was disbanded, June 23d, 1783. There are in the t. 2 acad. 142 students, 23 sch. 1,233 scholars. Pop. 8,933. Newburg, p-v., Hopewell t., Cumberland co., Pa., 41 w. by s. Harrisburg, 109 W. It contains 1 store, and 10 or 12 dwellings. Newburg, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 150 n. e. by N. Columbus, 353 W. The soil is fertile. The v. is situated on Mill cr., where is a beautiful wa- ter fall, affording extensive water power. It contains 3 churches, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 cloth dressing works, and a number of dwellings. The stage road from Cleveland to Pittsburg passes through it. The t. has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 8 sch. 457 scholars. Pop. 1,312. Newburg, t., Geauga co., O. It has 1 tanne- ry, 3 grist m., 5 saw m., 11 sch. 474 scholars. Pop. 1,209. Newburg, t., Miami co., O. It has 7 stores, cap. $38,000 ; 2 distilleries, 4 flouring m., 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $41,000. Pop. 1,302. Newburg, p-v., Jefferson co., Ky., 63 w. Frankfort, 605 W. It contains 1 church and about 80 inhabitants. Newburg, p-v., Warrick co., la., 183 s. s. w. Indianapolis, 717 W. Situated on the n. bank of the Ohio r. Newburg, p-v., Franklin co., Ala., 121 N. by w. Tuscaloosa, 786 W^. Newburgh, p-v., Pittsylvania co., Va., 138 w s. \v. Richmond, 225 W. NEW 447 NEW Newburgh, p-v., Pike co., 111., 65 w. Spring- field, 845 W. New Burlington', p-v., Clinton co., O., 69 s. w. Columbus, 458 W. New Burlington, p-v., Delaware co., la., 66 N. E. Indianapolis, 536 W. Newbury, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 30 w. n. w. Concord, 477 W. Sunapee lake lies on its n. w. border. The surface is mountainous and rough ; soil, hard. Drained by a branch of War- ner r., flowing from a pond. Incorporated in 1778, by the name of Fishersfield ; received its present name in 1837. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,600. 6 sch. 216 scholars. Pop. 816. Newbury, p-t.. Orange co., Vt., 36 s. e. Mont- pelier, 518 W. Situated on the w. side of Con- necticut r., opposite to Haverhill, N. H. Char- tered in 1763. It contains fine alluvial land on the r., and particularly a tract of 450 acres in- cluded withm the Great Oxbow, a remarkable curve in the r. Watered by Wells r. in its n. part, which affords good water power, near the mouth of which is a v. with considerable manu- factures. Just below this a bridge crosses Con- necticut r., and another in the lower part of the t. leading to Haverhill Corners. There is a v. be- tween these bridges, near the Great 0.xbovv, which contains a Congregational church, several stores, and a number of handsome dwellings. Connecticut r. is boatable to the mouth of Wells r. It has 7 stores, cap. $32,000 ; 3 fulling m., 1 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 bindery, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,400 ; 1 acad. 389 students, 21 sch. 865 scholars. Pop. 2,578. Newbury, t., Essex co., Mass., 31 n. by e. Boston, 17 N. Salem. Situated on the s. side of Merrimac r., opposite to Salisbury, N. H. The soil is fertile, and well cultivated. Watered by Parker r., which has a fall of nearly 5 ) feet, affording good water power, and by Artichoke r. Plum island on the Atlantic shore is partly in this t., and is about 9 ms. long and 1 broad. Dummer Academy, founded in 1756, is in the parish of Byfield, and is richly endowed. The most compact part joins Newburyport, and con- tains about 1,100 inhabitants. In the t. are 4 churches. It has 15 stores, 1 fulling m., 3 tanne- ries, 5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $236,640. 4 acad. 115 students, 14 sch. 757 scho- lars. Pop. 3,789. Newbury, t., York co.. Pa., 12 n. York. The surface is undulating ; soil, calcareous loam and gravel. Conewago cr. forms the s. boundary, and Stony run and Beaver cr. the w. Fishing cr. flows through the n. e. corner. It has 3 villages. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $21,90;) ; 2 tan- neries, 7 distilleries, 3 potteries, 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 saw ra. Cap. in manulac. $26,400. 13 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 1,850. Newbury, t., La Grange co., la. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,800. 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 145. Newburyport, p-t., port of entry and one of the 3 capitals of Essex co., Mass., 38 n. by e. Boston, 478 W. It is beautifully situated on a gentle acclivity, on the s. bank of the Merrimac r., at its entrance into the Atlantic. It contains a territory of 1 m. square of excellent land. The streets are wide, intersecting each other at right angles, and it has a brick court house, a stone jail, a custom house of rough granite, with a fine wrought Grecian Doric portico and pilasters on the sides, which cost $25,000 ; 8 churches — 2 Presbyterian, 1 Congregational, 1 Independent, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an acade- my, 3 banks, with a cap. of $700,000 ; besides a bank for savings, 3 insurance companies, an almshouse, a lyceum, and numerous vessels em- ployed in the cod, mackerel, and whale fi-sherie.", in which 1,000 persons are employed. The har- bor is safe and spacious, but difficult of entrance. Pop. in 1830, 6,388 ; 1840, 7,161. A fire in 1811 consumed 250 buildings, mostly dwellings and stores, with 1 church, — covering 16i acres of the most valuable part of the place with ruins. Mr. Whitefield, the celebrate^f preacrier, died here, Sept. 30, 1770. A monument in one of the churches, where his remains repose, records, that " in a ministry of 34 years, he crossed the Atlantic 13 times, and preached more than 18,000 sermons." It has 12 commercial and 3 commis- sion houses, cap. $781,000; 116 stores, cap. .$225,200 ; 4 lumber yards, cap. $35,000 ; 4 cot- ton fac. 17,736 sp., 2 distilleries, 3 printing offices, 1 daily, 1 weekly, and 1 semi-v^'eekly newspa- pers. Cap. in manufac. $647,800. 15 acad. 699 students, 39 sch. 1,332 scholars. Tonnage 23,965. Newby's Bridge, p-o., Perquimans co., N. C, 199 E. by N. Raleigh, 291 W. Newby's Crcss IIo.\ds, p-o., Rappahannock CO., Va., 113 N. N. w. Richmond, 75 W. New Can.^an, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 74 s. w. Hartford, 273 W. The surface is mountainous and rough ; soil, gravelly loam, but generally productive. Incorporated in 1801. It has exten- sive manufactures of shoes and leather. The v. is on elevated ground, overlooking Long Island sound, and contains 1 Congregational and 1 Epis- copal church, and a respectable academy. Half a mile s. is a Methodist church. Some interest- ing aboriginal remains have been found in the vicinity. It has 8 stores, cap. $39,700; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,700. 2 acad. 63 students, 9 sch. 561 scholars. Pop. 2,217. New Can.vnd.'Vigua, p-o., Calhoun co., Mich. New Canton, p-v., Buckingham co., Va., 64 w. Richmond, 13:* W. Situated on an elevated bank of Slate cr., one fourth of a mile from James r., of which it commands a beautiful view. It contains 1 Free church, 3 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 tannery, and 36 dwellings. Four miles w. are the Virginia mills, where large quantities of flour are manufactured. Excepting on the r., the country around is sterile. New Canton, p-v., Hawkins co., Tenn., 264 E. by N. Nashville, 418 W. New Carthage, p-v., Madison parish, La., 234 N. w. New Orleans, 1,075 W. New Carlisle, p-v.. Bethel t., Clark co., O., 102 w. Columbus, 496 W. It contains 3 churches, 8 stores, 75 dwellings, and about 475 inhabitants. New Carlisle, p-v., St. Josephs co., la., 166 N. Indianapolis, 652 W. New Castine, p-v., Butler t., Darke co., O., 102 w. Columbus, 496 W. New Castle, county, Del. Situated in the N. part of the state, and contains 456 sq. ms. The surface toward the Delaware r., which bounds it on the E., is low and marshy. Toward the w. and N., it is moderately hilly. The soil is fertile. Drained by Naamans, Brandywine, Red Clay, t'hrisiiana, St. George's, Appoquiimimink, Black- bird, and Duck creeks. The last runs on its s. border. The railroad from Philadelphia to Bal- timore passes through it. Another railroad from New Castle, on the Delaware, extends to French- town on the Chesapeake. A ship canal connects the Delaware with the Chesapeake, about 131 ms. long, 66 feet wide at top, and 10 feet deep, which cost $2,750,000. Capital, New Castle. There were in 1810, neat cattle 17,450, sheep 7,471, swine 14,094 j wheat 191,724 bush. pri>- NEW 448 NEW duced, rye 3,157, Ind. corn 599,707, buckwheat 7,528, oats 564,015, potatoes 84,166, barley 5,260; 150 stores, cap. $507,550 ; 13 lumber yards, cap. $72,780; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 11 cotton fac. 24,492 sp., 4 tanneries, 3 breweries, 27 pow- der m., 2 potteries, 1 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 3 weekly and 3 semi-weekly newspapers, 27 flouring m., 30 grist m., 29 saw m. Cop. in man- ufac. $1,334,760. 1 college 23 students, 12 acad. 479 students, 60 sch. 2,6 1 8 scholars. Pop. 33, 120. New Castle, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 35 s. e. Augusta, 603 \Y. Situated between Damariscot- ta and Sheepscot rivers. Incorporated in 1735. It contains a Congregational church and the Lin- coln Academy. Damariscotta r. is navigable for large vessels 15 ms. from the ocean to Damaris- cotta bridge, where is a v. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $10,000; 2 commercial houses, cap. $220,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanne- ries, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac $3,600. 1 acad. 70 students, 10 sch. 662 scholars. Pop. 1,712. New Castle, ]>t., Westchester co., N. Y., 128 s. Albany, 270 W. The surface is hilly; soil, gravel, clay, and sandy loam. Drained by Cro- ton and Sawmill rivers. It has 4 sch. 105 scho- lars. Pop. 1,529. New Castle, t., Rockingham co., N. H. It consists of an island in Portsmouth harbor, con- taining 458 acres. The surface is rough and rocky, but the soil, where it is accessible, is fer- tile. Incorporated in 1693. It is connected with Portsmouth by a handsome bridge, and on the \. E. point are a light-house and Fort Constitution. It contain.s an ancient Congregational church. It has 1 grist m., 2 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 742. New Castle, p-b., Neshannock t., Mercer co., Pa., 234 w. N. w. Harri.sbuig, 275 W. Situated at the confluence of Shenango and Neshannock creeks. Incorporated in 1825. It contains 4 churches, 1 female seminary ; 12 stores, cap. $41,933; 1 flouring m., 13 saw m., 1 rolling m., 1 nail fac, 2 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, and about 100 dwellings. It i.'^ con- nected with the Pennsylvania and Ohio canal by the Erie extension canal, wliich passes by it. Iron ore is found in the vicinity. Cap. in manufac. $1 1,285. 1 acad. 50 students, 3 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 611. New Castle, p-v., capital of New Castle co., Del., 5 s. s. w. Wilmington, 42 n. Dover, 115 W. Situated on the w. bank of Delaware r., 32 s. w. Philadelphia. It contains a court house, jail, town house, market house, arsenal, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 2 Methodist, one of which is colored, and 1 Roman Catholic — a public library of 4,000 vols., 10 stores, 193 dwell- ing, and 1,2U0 inhabitants. The New Castle and Frenchtown railroad have a large establishment here for the manufacture of steam engines, loco- motives, and other things connected with rail- roads, including an iron and brass foundry, &c., with a capital of $110,000. There are in the h. 1 acad. 13 students, 8 sch. 354 scholars. Pop. 2,737. Tonnage in 1840, 3,661. New Castle, p-v., Bottetourt co., Va., 192 w. by s. Richmond, 232 W. Situated in the fork of Craig's cr. It contains 1 Methodist church, an academy, 3 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 powder and oil m., 1 carding machine, 20 dwellings, and about 110 inhabitants. New Castle, p-v., Wilkes co., N. C, 157 w. by N. Raleigh, 364 W. New Castle, p-v., Fayette co., Term., 174 w. s. w. Nashville, 859 W. New Castle, p-v., capital of Henry co., Ky., 25 N. w. Frankfort, 567 W. New Castle, p-t., Coshocton co., O., 71 e. n. E. Columbus, 360 W. It has 6 stores, cap $16,300 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac $700. New Castle, p-v., and capital of Henry co., la., 47 E. by n. Indianapolis, 534 W. Situated on Blue r., and contains a court house, jail, an academy, a public library, 3 stores, and about 40 dwellings. 10 sch. 359 scholars. Pop. 528. New Chester, p-v., Strabane t., Adams co.. Pa., 31 s. w. Harrisburg. It contains 1 store, and about 30 dwellings. New Church, p-o., Accomac co., Va., 219 e. by N. Richmond, 176 W. New Columbia, p-v.. Union co.. Pa., 72 n. Har- risburg, 182 W. Situated on the w. bank of the w. branch of the Susquehanna r. It contains 2 stores, and about 35 dwellings. New Comerstown, p-v., Oxford t., Tuscara- was CO., O., 93 E. N. E. Columbus, 324 W. It is situated on the n. bank of Tuscarawas r., and on the Ohio and Erie canal. Newcomb, t., Essex co., N. Y., 32 s. w. Eliza- beth, 92 N. by w. Albany. The surface is moun- tainous, embracing some of the high peaks of the Adirondack mountains. It contains several beau- tiful lakes, from which flow the head waters of the Hudson, some of which have fine falls. The whole scenery is wild, romantic, and grand. The mountains abound with iron ore of the best qual- ity. It has 2 forges, 1 grist m., I saw m. Cap. ii. manufac. $600. 1 sch. 16 scholars. Pop. 74. New Concord, p-o., Chatham t., Columbia co., N. Y., 21 s. Albany, 359 W. New Concord, p-v.. Union t., Muskingum co., O., 68 E. Columbus, 325 W. It contains an acad- emy, 3 stores, about 50 dwellings, and 300 inhnb- itanls. In the vicinity are 3 churches, a fulling m. and carding machine, and a grist m. New Concord, p-o, Callaway, Ky. New CUiMBERLAND, p-b., Allen t., Cumberland CO., Pa., 4 s. w. Harrisburg, 111 W. Situated on Susquehanna r., at the confluence of Yellow Breeches cr. Incorporated in 1831, and contains 2 stores, cap. $10,000; 3 lumber yards, cap. $20,000; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $2,670. Pop. 284. New Cumberland, p-v., Warren t., Tusca- rawas CO., O., 123 E. N. E. Columbus, 309 W. Situated on the Ohio canal, and on the E. bank of Conoten cr., and contains 3 stores, 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. New Derrv, p-v., Westmoreland co., Va. New Durha.m, p-t., Strafford co., N. H., 33 n. E. Concord, 514 W. The surface is uneven and rough; soil, moist, and well adapted to grazing. It has several ponds, the largest of which, 10 ms. in circumference, has an outlet that flows into Merrymeeling bay, in Winnipiseogee lake. In- corporated in 1762. There are in the t. 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,10:). 14 sch. Pop. 1,032. New Durha.m, v., Bergen co., N. .1. It con- tains an academy, 2 stores, and 25 dwellings. New Echota, p-v., Cass co., Ga., 166 n. w. Milledgeville, 623 W. Situated on the s. side of Oostanaula r., immediately below the junction of the Coosawattee and Conasauga rivers. New Egypt, ]i-v.. Upper Freehold t., Mon- mouth CO., N. .)., 18 s. e. Trenton, 17J W. Situa- ted on Crosswick's cr. It contains a Methodist church in the vicinity, 3 stores, and valuable grist and saw m. New England Village, pv., Worcester t., Worcester co., Mass., 33 w. Boston, 404 W. New Fairfield, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 74 s. w. Hartford, 293 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,800 ; NEW 449 NEW 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac $G,3;)0. 6 sell. 164 scholars. Pop. 936. New Fane, t., capital of Windham co., Vt., 12 N. w. Brattleboro, 101) s. Montpelier. Tlie sur- face is uneven ; soil, fertile. Chartered in 1772. Watered by West r. and its branches, which afford water power. The v., at ihe centre, con- tains a court hou,se, jail, a Congregational church, and an academy. The situation is elevated, and commands one of the most extensive and pictur- esque prospects in the state, embracing a part at least of 50 towns in Vt., N. H., and Mass. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $15,000; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 12 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $4,559. 11 sch. 434 scholars. Pop. 1,403. x\ew Fane, p-t., Niagara co., N. V., 279 w. by N. Alhany, 4i6 W. The surface gently inclines toward Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the n. ; •soil, sandy and argillaceous loam. Drained by Eighteen Mill cr. It has 5 stores, cap. .'810,800 : 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $27,500. 13 sch. 519 scholars. l*op. 2.372. Newfield, p-t., York co.. Me., 80 s. w. by w. Augusta, 531 W". The soil is fertile, adapted to grain and to grazing. Incorporated in 1794. Drained by Little Ossipee r. It has 1 furnace, 4 grist m., 2 saw m. ( ap. in manufac. $2,542. 566 scholars in schools. Pop. 1,351. Newfield, p-t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 233 vv. Albany, 410 W. The surface is hilly, and in the centre broken ; soil, a fertile, gravelly loam. Drained by Cayuta cr., and the inlet of Cayuga lake. The v. contains 1 Presbyterian church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $12,600; 2 falling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 26 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $52,45J. 27 sch. 1,088 scholars. Pop. 3,567. Newfound Lake, Grafton co., N. H., is 6 ms. long and 2i broad— lies in Hebron, Ale.xandria, Bridgewater, and Bristol, and in the latter t. has its outlet, which flows mto the Pemigewasset r. Newfoitndland, p-o., Morris co., N. J., 93 n. Trenton, 259 W. Here is a Presbyterian church. New Frankfort, p-v., Scott co., la., 81 s. by E. Indianapolis, 585 W. New Franki.in, p-v., Paris t., Stark co., O., 140 N. E. ColiHTibus, 298 W. It contains 2 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. It is on the line of the Sandy and Beaver canal. New Franklin, p-v., Carroll co., la., 75 n. .\. w. Indianapolis, 637 W. New Garden, p-t., Chester co., Pa., 32 s. w. Philadelphia, 74 e. s. e. Harrisburg. 104 W. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam. Drained by Red Clay and White Clay creeks. In the centre is a church. It has 5 stores, cap. $13,000 ; 2 cotton fac. 3, 166 sp., 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4^,050. 6 sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 1,411. New Garden, p-o., Russell co., Va. New Garden, p-v., Guilford co., N. C, 98 w. N. w. Raleigh, 319 W. New Garden, p-v., Hanover t., Columbiana CO., O., 150 N. E. by e. Columbus, 238 W. New Garden, p-t., Wayne co., la., 78 e. In- dianapolis, 507 W. Pop. 1,890. New Geneva, p-v., Springfield t., Fayrtte co., Pa., 196 w. by s. Ilarrisburg, 212 W. Situated on Monongahela r., at the junction of George cr. It contains 1 church, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 65 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. New Germantown, p-v., Tewkesbury t., Hun- terdon CO., N. J., 44 N. by w. Trenton, 219 W. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Luther- an, and 1 Methodist — an academy, 3 stores, about 40 dwellings, and 250 inhabitants. New Germantown, p-v., Toboyne t.. Perry CO., Pa., 46 w. Harrisburg, 134 W. It contains 2 German churches, 2 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. New Gilead, p-v.. Moose co., N. C, 101 s. w. Raleigh, 3iA W. New Glasgow, p-v., Amlierst co., Va., 119 w. Richmond, 171 W. It has an elevated situation, anr" contains 1 free church, an academy, 4 stores, 1 tannery, and about 25 dwellings. New Glocester, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 41 s. w. Augusta, 567 W. Watered by Royal's r., which affords water power. The soil is fer- tile, particularly on the streams, where are e.ic- tensive intervales. It contains 5 stores, capital $4,8^0 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,825. 12 sch. 729 scholars. Pop. 1,946. New Grayson, p-o., Grayson co., Va., 260 w. s. w. Richmond, 345 W. New Guilford, p-v., Perry t., Coshocton co., O., 67 N. e. Columbus, 356 W. New Hackensack, p-o., Fishldll t., Dutchess CO., N. Y., 79 s. Albany, 306 W. New Hagerstown, p-v.. Orange t., Carroll CO., O., 114 E. N. E. Columbus, 300 W. It con- tains 1 church, 3 stores, 1 warehouse, 40 dwell- ings, and about 250 inhabitants. New Hamburg, p-v., Poughkeepsie t., Dutch- ess CO., N. Y. Situated on Hudson r., near the mouth of Wappinger's cr. A ferry here crosses to Hampton. NEW HAMPSHIRE. New Hampshire, one of the northern United States, is bounded n. by Lower Canada ; e. by Maine ; s. e. by the Atlantic, and s. by Massachusetts ; and w. by Vermont, from which it is sep- arated by tlie western bank of Connecticut r. It is between 42° 41' and 45° 11' n. lat., and 70° 40' and 72° 28' w. Ion. It is 160 miles long, and from 19 to 90 broad, containing 9,230 square miles, or 5,939,200 acres. The population, in 1790, was 141,885; in 1800, 13-i,853 ; in 1310,214,460; in 1820, 244,161 ; in 1830, 269,3iS ; in 1840, 284,574. Of these, 139,001 are free white males ; 145,032 do. females ; 248 free colored males ; 290 do. females. Engaged in agriculture, 77,919 ; in com- merce, 1,379 ; in manufactures and trades, 17,826 ; navigating the ocean, 455 ; do. lakes and rivers, 198; learned professions, 1,640. Concord is the seat of government, situated on the Merrimac r., 63 ms. n. n. w. froin Boston, with which it has a boatable communication, by means of the river and the Middlesex canal. The state is divided into 10 counties, which, with their population and capitals, are as follows ■ Rockingham, 45,771, Portsmouth and Exeter; Merri.-\iac, 36,253, Concord; Hillsborough. 42,494, Amherst ; Cheshire, 26,429, Keene; Sullivan, 20,340, Newport; Strafford, 23,166, 57 NEW 450 NEW Dover and Rochester ; Belknap, 17,983, Guilford; Carroll, 19,973, Ossipee ; Grafton, 42,311, Haverhill and Plymouth ; Coos, 9,849, Lancaster. These contain about 323 townships. New Hampshire has only 18 ms. of seacoast, and the shore is generally a sandy beach, bordered in front by salt marshes, and penetrated by creeks and coves, suitable for harbors for small craft There are only two bluffs on the coast, Great and Little Boar's Heads, both in the town of Hamp- ton. Portsmouth, at the entrance of the Piscatariiia, is the only liarbor for ships, and it is one of the best in the United States. The land, for the distance of 20 or 30 miles from the sea, is either level or moderately uneven. Beyond that, more elevated hills are found ; and toward the north- ern part, the country may be considered mountainous, having many elevated summits, some of which are the highest in the United States east of the Rocky mountains. The principal chain commences between the Connecticut and Merrimac rivers, and passes n. of the sources of the Merrimac. This may be considered as a continuation of the great Alleghany range. The highest summits are Grand Monadnock, toward the s. w. part of the state, 3,254 feet above the level of the sea ; Sunapee mountain, near Sunapee lake ; and further n., Moosehillock, 4,636 feet high ; and still further n., the White mountains tower in majestic grandeur to the height of 6,428 feet, the most elevated summit being denominated Mount Washington. The Notch, in the White moun- tams, is a great curiosity, being in some places not more than 22 feet wide, with lofty precipices on both sides, affording some of the wildest and grandest scenery in nature. A road passes through this Notch, being the only place in which it can be passed. Through this road the produce in the N. part of New Hampshire, and the n. e. part of Vermont, finds a market at Portland ; and so im- portant is this communication considered by Maine, that its legislature has sometimes made grants for its improvement. One of the head branches of the Saco r. flows through the Notch. New Ilampshire may be considered as a fertile state, particularly on the margins of the rivers, and especially of the Connecticut. The elevated parts afford a fine grazing country, and the val- leys are productive. The principal productions are grass, wheat, rye, Indian corn ; and beef, pork, mutton, and butter and cheese, are produced in great quantities. According to the census of 1840, there were in New Hampshire 43,892 horses and mules; 275,562 neat cattle; 617,390 sheep; 121,671 swine. Value of poultry produced, $107,092. There were produced 422,124 bushels of wheat; 121,899 of barley ; 1,296,114 of oats ; 308,148 of rye ; 105,103 of buckwheat; 1,162,572 of Indian corn; 1,260,517 pounds of wool ; 213,425 pounds of hops; 6,206,606 bushels of potatoes; 496,107 tons of hay ; 26i of hemp and flax ; 1,162,36S pounds of sugar. The products of the dairy were $1,633,543; of the orchard, $239,973; of lumber, $433,217. The Merrimac river is made navigable by dams, locks, and canals, from Concord until it meets the Middlesex canal. By this route much of the produce of the southern part of the state finds a market at Boston. In the western part of the state, much of it goes down Connecticut river to Hartford. In the upper counties the market is extensively at Portland, Me. Portsmouth is the most commercial place in the state. The principal articles of export are lumber, fish, beef, pork, horses, neat cattle, sheep, flax seed, and pot and pearl ashes. The climate of New Hampshire is subject to great extremes of heat and cold, but the air is gen- erally salubrious. In the month of November the rivers are generally frozen, and the snow usually lies until April, and in the northern and mountainous parts until May. The largest rivers in this state are the Connecticut, made boatable to the 15 mile falls, at Bath, N. H., 250 ms. above Hartford, Ct. ; the Merrimac, boatable to Concord. The Saco, the Andros- coggin, and the Piscataqua, rise and run, in part, in this state. The other rivers are the Upper and Lower Ammonoosuc, Sugar, Ashuelot, Contoocook, Maragallaway, and Nashua. By means of the Piscataqua, a sloop navigation is opened to Newmarket, Durham, and Exeter. The lakes are numerous and picturesque. Lake Wiimipiseogee, near the centre of the state, 23 miles long, and from 2 to 10 broad ; Umbagog, wliich lies partly in Maine ; Ossipee, Sunapee, Squam, and Newfound, are the principal. The harbor of Portsmouth is one of the finest in the world, protected from storms, has 40 feet of water at low tide, is easily defended, and easily accessible for the largest ships. This is the great- est commercial place in the state. The other principal towns are Dover, Concord, Nashua, Keene, Exeter, Manchester, Peterborough, Walpole, Claremont, Gilmanton, Meredith, Hanover, and Haverhill. The exports for the year ending September, 1840, amounted to $20,761 ; and the imports to $114,647. There were 18 commercial and 6 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $1,33J,600; 1,075 retail drygoods and other stores, employing a capital of $2,602,422 ; 117 persons engaged in internal transportation, who, with 33 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $54,120; 626 persons employed in the lumber trade, with a capital of $29,000 ; 399 per- sons employed in the fisheries, with a capital of $59,680. There were in 1840, home-made, or family goods, manufactured to the amount of $533,303. There were 66 woollen manufactories, and 152 fulling mills, employing 893 persons, producing goods to the amount of $795,784, with a capital of $740,345 ; 58 cotton manufactories, with 195,173 NEW 451 NEW spindles, employing 6,991 persons, producing goods to the value of $4,142,301, and employing a capital of S5:523,'200 ; 15 furnaces produced 1,320 tons of cast iron, and 2 forges 125 tons of bar iron, together employing 121 persons, and a capital of $93,200 ; 1 smelting house, employing 2 persons, produced 1,000 pounds of lead ; 13 paper manufactories produced articles to the amount of $150,600, and other paper manufactories to the amount of $1,500, the whole employing 111 persons, with a capital of $104,300; hats and caps were manufactured to the amount of $190,526, and straw bon- nets to the amount of $9,379, together employing 2,048 persons, and a capital of $48,852; 17 per- sons manufactured tobacco to the amount of $10,500, with a capital of $2,100; 251 tanneries em- ployed 776 persons, and a capital of $386,402 ; 2,131 other manufactories of leather, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the value of $712,151, and employed a capital of $230,649; 5 distilleries produced 51,244 gallons, 1 brewery 3,000 do., together employing 7 persons, and a capital of $15,9J8 ; 3 glass houses employed 85 persons, producing to the amount of $47,000, with a capital of $44,000 ; 14 potteries employed 29 persons, producing $19,100, with a capital of $6,840 ; 20 persons manu- factured soap to the amount of 10,900 pounds, and tallow candles to the amount of 23,815 pounds and spermaceti or wax candles to the amount of 50,000 pounds, with a capital of $13,550 ; 191 per sons produced machinery to the value of $106,814; 47 persons produced musical instruments tc the amount of $26,750, with a capital of $14,050; 197 persons manufactured hardware and cutlery to the amount of $124,460 ; 55 persons manufactured granite and marble to the amount of $21,918 ; 236 persons manufactured bricks and lime to the amount of $63,166 ; 450 persons produced car- riages and wagons to the amount of $232,240, employing a capital of $114,762; 7 powder mills employing II persons, produced 185,000 pounds of gunpowder, with a capital of $53,000; mills of various kinds employed 1,296 persons, and produced articles to the value of $753,260, with a capi- tal of $1,149,193 ; ships were built to the amount of $78,000; the manufacture of furniture em- ployed 233 persons, producing articles worth $105,827, and employing a capital of $59,984. There were built 90 brick and 434 wood houses, employing 935 persons, valued at $470,715. There were 36 printing offices, 22 binderies, 27 weekly newspapers, 6 periodicals, the whole employing 256 persons, and a capital of $110,850. The v^hole amount of capital employed in manufactures was $9,252,448. The principal literary institution in the state is Dartmouth College, in Hanover, founded in 1770 and has attached to it a flourishing medical department. The Gilmanton Theological Seminary, at Gilmanton, was founded in 1835. In these institutions there were in 1840, 433 students. There are in the state 63 academies, with 5,799 students ; and 2,127 common and primary schools, with 82,632 scliolars. In the state there were 942 white persons, over 20 years of age, who could nei- ther read nor write. The principal religious denominations are the Congregationalists, Baptists, and Methodists. In 1836, the Congregationalists had 159 churches, 142 ministers, and 18,982 communicants ; the Bap- tists had 90 churches, 64 ordained ministers, and 6,505 communicants. The Free-will Baptists had 100 congregations, and 81 ministers. The 3Iethodists had 75 ministers. Besides these, there are Presbyterians, Unitarians, Universalists, Episcopalians, some Roman Catholics, and 2 societies of Shakers. In June, 1839, there were in the state 28 banks, with an aggregate capital of $2,939,508, having a circulation of $1,439,519. This is one of the few states that has no public debt. There is a state prison at Concord. A constitution was formed in 1784, and in 1792 this constitution was altered and amended to its present form. The legislature, consisting of a seriate and house of representatives, is styled the General Court of New Hampshire. Every town, or incorporated township, having 150 ratable polls, may send one representative ; and for every 300 additional polls is entitled to an additional representative. The senate consists of 12 members, chosen by the people in di.stricts. The exec- utive power is vested in a governor and a council of five members. The governor, council, sena- tors, and representatives, are all elected annually by the people on the second Tuesday in March, and their term of service commences on the first Wednesday in June. The General Court meets annually, at Concord, on the first Wednesday in June. Every male inhabitant, of 21 years of age, enjoys the right of suffrage, excepting paupers, and persons excused from paying taxes at their own request. The judiciary power is vested in a supreme court and a court of common pleas. The •udges are appointed by the governor and council, and hold their offices during good behavior, but not beyond the age of 70 years. The internal improvements of this state relate chiefly to the improvement of the Merrimac river, by dams, locks, and short canals. They are — Bow falls, 3 miles below Concord, J of a mile long; Hookset falls, one eighth of a mile ; Amoskeag falls, 1 mile ; Union falls, 9 miles ; and Sewell's falls, i of a mile. The Eastern railroad extends from Massachusetts line to Portsmouth, 15? miles; the Nashua and Lowel railroad, from Nashua, N. H., to Lowell, Mass., incorporated in 1836. The Boston and Maine railroad extends from Massachusetts line to Exeter, 14 miles. New Hampshire was first granted to Ferdinando Gorges, in 1622, and was first settled at Dover NEW 452 NEW and Poitsmoulh in 1623. It came voluntarily under tlie jurisdiction of Massachusetts in 1641, but was made a separate province, by an act of Charles II., in 1679. It was several times afterwards connected with Massachusetts, until 1741, since which time it has remained a separate state. New Hampton, p-t., Belknap co., N. H., 29 n. w. Concord, 510 W. Pemigewasset r. washes its w. boundary, and across it is a bridge to Bristol. The surface is uneven and broken; soil, very fertile. Incorporated in 1777. It contains a flour- ishing academy. It has 4 stores, cap. §S,2J0 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 5 cotton fac. 22,699 sp., 4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 acad. 363 stu- dent.s, i6 sch. 717 scholars. Pop. 1,809. New Hampton, p-v., Lebanon t., Hunterdon CO., N. J., 47 N. Trenton, 204 W. Situated on the s. side of Musconetcong cr. It contains 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and about 25 dwell- ings. New Hanover., county, N. C. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, bounded s. e. by the Atlantic, and contains 9j5 i-q. ms. Drained by the N. e. branch of Cape Fear r. and its tributa- ries. A large swamp lies in its E. part. Along the Atlantic shore are long, low, and narrow isl- ands, with occasional inlets. Capital, Wilming- ton. 'I'hcre were in 1S40, neat cattle 11,6/5, sheep 4,789, swine 24,859 ; wheat 46J bush, pro- duced, Ind. corn 200,423, buckwheat 18, potatoes 114,014, rice 1,467,600 pounds, cotton 2S,566 ; 2 commercial and 11 comrriission houses, capital $100,000 ; 58 stores, cap. $322,140; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 49 grist m., 22 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 v^'eekly newspapers. Cap. in manuliic. $305,535. 6 acad. 216 students, 10 sch. 223 scholars. Pop. whites 6,371, slaves 6,376, free col'd 565 ; total, 13,312. New PlANOVEii, p-t., Montgomery co., Pa., 74 E. Harrisburg, 150 W. The suriace is hilly ; soil, loam and red shale, tolerably productive. Drained by Swamp creek, on which is a small v., with 2 churches. The population is chiefly German. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufactures $6,575. Pop. 1,419. New Harmonv, p-v., Monroe co., Ky., 143 s. s. w. Frankfort, 656 W. New Harmony, p-v., Posey co., la., 172 s. w. Indianapolis, 742 \V. It was founded in 1814 by a society of Germans, from Swabia, called "Harmonists," who removed from Butler co.. Pa., under George Rapp. Their society was founded on a community of goods ; but the climate proving unfavorable, they returned to Pa., and settled at Economy, Ohio t., Beaver co., 18 miles below Pittsburgh, on the Ohio r. (See Economy.) New Harrisburg, p-v., Carroll co., C, 130 E. N. E. Columbus, 301 W. New Hartford, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 20 w. by n. Hartford, 344 W. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, a gravelly loam, or a coarse gravel, abounding with stones, adapted to grazing. Watered by Farmington r. It has 2 villages, and contains 3 churches — 2 Congregational and 1 Baptist. The villages are on Farmmgton r., and each contains about 30 dwellings, and several mills and manufactories. It has 6 stores, capital $18,000; 2 furnaces, 4 fulling m., 1 woollen iac, 1 tannery, 2 paper m., 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $361,350. 2 acad. 61 students, 11 sch. 424 scholars. Pop. 1,703. New Hartford, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 4 w. Utica, 95 w. n. w. Albany, 384 W. The sur- face is diversified with gently rising hills, and beautiful valleys, productive and well cultivated. The soil is a rich calcareous loam. Drained by Sadaquada cr., a line mill stream. The v. is situated on this cr., and contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Universalist — a female seminary, 6 stores, 3 cot- ton fac, 1 grist m., 1 trip-hammer works, 1 bleach- ing and dyeing establishment, 100 dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. There are in the t. 13 stores, cap. $3J,850 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 5 cotton lac. 14,164 sp., 1 tannery, 1 paper iac, 3 grist m, 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $361,732. 18 sch. 960 scholars. Pop. 3,819. New Hartford, p-v., Pike co.. III., 76 w. by s. Springfield, 856 W. New Hartford Centre, p-v.. New Hart- ford t., Litchfield co., Ct., 18 w. by n. Hartford, 341 W. It contains a Baptist church and several factories. New Haven, county, Ct. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 540 sq. ms. Long Island sound bounds it on the s. Housatonic r. runs on its s. w. border, and separates it from Fairfield co. The surface is generally uneven. Two mountain ranges terminate at East Rock and West Rock, near New Haven. The soil is various, much of it a light sandy loam, but some of it strong and fertile. Drained by Naugatuck, Quinnipiac, Pomperaug, West, 3Iill, and Me- nunkatuck rivers. Capital, New Haven. There were in 1810, neat cattle 31,627, sheep 41,392, swine 17,234 ; wheat 7,032 bush, produced, rye 129,391, Ind. corn 231,548, buckwheat 30,031, barley 2,731, oats 167,640, potatoes 481,941, sugar 1,261 pounds; 6 commercial and 2 com. houses in for. trade, cap. $132,0G0 ; 342 stores, cap. $1,223,745 ; 14 lumberyards, cap. $149,000 ; 3 rope fac, 26 fulling m., 14 woollen fac, 4 cot- ton lac 3,358 sp., 27 tanneries, 22 distilleries, 1 pottery, 2 flouring m., 48 grist m., 93 saw m., 3 paper fac, 9 printing offices, 5 binderies, 4 pe- riodicals, 2 daily, 5 weekly, 2 tri-weekly news- papers. Cap. in manufac..$2,545,679. 1 college, 561 students, 32 acad. 1,030 students, 242 sch. 9,339 scholars. Pop. 48,619. New Haven, p-t., Addison co., Vt., 60 w. M(mtpelier, 4S9 W. The surface is motlerately uneven ; soil, marl, clay, and loam, and fertile. Watered by Otter creek, Middlebury r., and Little Otter cr., which afford good water power. It contains a small v. in which is a Congregational church. Chartered in 1761. It has 3 stores, cap. $19,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- neries, 1 pottery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac $19,800. 12 sch. 630 scholars. Pop. 1,503. New Haven, a city and seaport, capital of N. Haven co., and semi-capital of Connecticut, lies round the head of a bay which sets up 4 miles from Long Island sound, and is in 41° 18' N. lat., and 72'^ 56' w. Ion. from Greenwich, and 3*^ 53' E. Ion. from W. It is 36 miles s. by w. from Hartford, 52 w. from New London, 76 n. e. from New York, 134 w. s. w. from Boston, and 300 from W. The population of the city in 1810 was .5,772; in 1820, 7,147; in 1830, 10,180; in 1840, 12,900. Of these 474 were employed in commerce ; 1,653 in manufactures and trades ; 306 in navigating the ocean, rivers, &c. ; 245 in learned professions. The city is on a beautiful plain, with a slight inclination toward the water, and skirted in other directions by an amphitheatre of hills, two of which consist of bold rocky eminences, called East and West rock, which present Ironts nearly NEW 4^3 NEV\r perpendicular, from 330 to 370 feet high. The tops of these 2 elevations afford beautiful views, not only of the city and the surrounding country, but of Long Island sound, terminated by the island fading in the distance. Two small rivers. West river on the west, and Quinnipiac on the east, bound this plain. The city extends about 3 miles from e. to w., and 2 Irom s. to n. It is laid out with great regularity, and consists of 2 parts, the old town, and the new township. The old town was laid out in the form of a square, half a mile on a side, divided into 9 smaller squares, each 52 rods on a side, separated by .streets 4 rods in width. The squares have generally been divided into 4 parts, by streets intersecting them. The central square was re- served for public purposes, and is divided into 2 parts by Temple-street. The eastern half of this square is unoccupied by buildings, but orna- mented by lofty trees. On the square on the w. side of Temple-streot are 3 elegant churches — 2 Congregational, of brick, and 1 Episcopal, of stone, the latter of Gothic architecture, and a finer row of churches are nowhere found in the United States. A little to the west of Temple- .street, on the western half of the square, is the state house, a large and splendid edifice, of Grecian architecttire, built of brick. On the n. E. corner of the square is the Methodist church, a plain building of brick. On the w. side of the square, and fronting toward the e., is the fine row of buildings belonging to Yale College, of very commanding appearance, with handsome trees in front. The whole square, with its fine public buildings, and its lofty and graceful elms, presents an assemblage of beauty unsur- passed by any public ground of any city in the country. The houses of the city are generally built of wood, and neatly painted, and surroimd- ed by court yards and gardens, ornamented by shrubbery and fruit trees ; but many of the houses recently built are of brick, and construct- ed generally with elegance and taste. The whole city has a quiet and rural aspect, scarcely else- where to be found in so large a place. The new township is regularly laid out and finely built, and has a fine public ground called Wooster square, containing 5 acres. At the n. e. corner of the old town is the public cemetery, contain- ing over 17 acres, intersected by avenues and alleys at right angles with each other, and divi- ded into family lots, 32 feet in letigth and 18 feet broad. All the avenues and alleys are bor- dered by railings painted white, with the names of the owners of the lots inscribed on them. The cemetery contains many elerant monuments, and is beautifully ornamented by shrubbery, and deservedly attracts much public attention. The city contains about 6 square miles ; the whole township contains 8 ; and a small village called Westville, at the foot of West Rock on the w., and about half of the village of I'airhaven on the E., are within the town, but not within the city limits. The harbor of New Haven is safe but shallow, and gradually filling up with mud. It has about 7 feet of water on the bar at low tide, and the common tides rise to 6 feet, and the spring tides about 7 or 8 feet. Long wharf is 3,y43 feet in length, the longest in the United States. There is a less depth of water at its termination now, than there was in 1763, when it was only 20 rods long. There is another wharf which has a basin, in which, by means of flood gates, the water is always kept at the elevation of high tide. The maritime commerce of New Haven is more extensive than that of any other city in Connecticut, its foreign and coasting trade being both considerable. The sealing business, con- nected with the China trade, formerly brought considerable wealth into the city. At present its foreign trade is chiefly with the West Indies. The tonnage of the port in 1840, was 11,500. A line of steamboats connects this city with New York, and also several lines of packets. The Farmington canal connects this place with North- ampton, Mass., and Connecticut river near it; and a railroad connects it with Hartford. The town contains 20 houses of public worship, viz : 9 Congregational, 3 Methodist, 3 Episcopal, 2 Baptist, 1 Catholic, 2 colored ^lethodist, 1 color- ed Congregational. There are also a custom house, an almshouse, a jail, a museum, 4 banks, and a savings institution, various benevolent so- cieties, the Young Men's Institute, and an in- stituticm for popular lectures, with one of the best selected libraries in the Union. The State Hospital, founded in 1832, is about half a mile s. w. from the centre of the city, and has a fine edifice with a colonnade. But the most important public institution in the city is Yale College, one of the oldest and most extensive in- stitutions of the kind in the United States. With- out large funds, it has accomplished great things. It was founded in 1701, originally at Killingworth. It was removed to Saybrook in 1707, and to New Haven in 1717. There are 4 college halls 100 feet by 40, 4 stories high, containing 32 rooms each for students ; and n. of these is another hall devoted to the use of the theological stu- dents ; there is a chapel, in which is one story appropriated to religious worship, and one to the college library ; and two other buildings, called the Athenffium, and the Lyceum, appropriated to recitation and lecture rooms, rooms for the pro- fessors, and for the libraries of the literary so- cieties. These are all of brick ; and the build- ings intermediate between the college halls, have neat cupolas : one of which is after the modelof the Temple of the Winds, fitted up for the use of a splendid telescope. In the rear of these is another range of buildings, consisting of the chemical laboratory ; the commons hall in the second story, of which is a spacious apartment devoted to the most splendid mineralogical cab- inet in the United States, containing more than 16,000 specimens, many of them rare ; and a stone building stuccoed, and containing a splendid col- lection of paintings by Col. Trumbull and others. A short distance from these are the buildings de- voted to the law and medical departments, the latter of which has an anatomical museum and a library. Y'ale College has more students, and has educated more men than any other college in the country. In 1S41, the officers were 3J in number. Of these, besides the president, 17 were professors, and the remainder were tutors or subordinate officers: 15 are connected with the college proper. The whole number of stu- dents of all descriptions was 550. Of these 410 were undergraduates; 59 theological students; 31 law ; 47 medical : and 3 resident graduates. The whole number of graduates is over 5,000, of whom nearly 1,400 were ministers. The num- ber of volumes in the various libraries is 33,000, among which are many old and rare, as well as many splendid modern works. The commence- ment is on the third Wednesday in August. New Haven has many subordinate seminaries, both male and female, of high reputation. There were in 1842, 11 select schools for males, 1 ex- cellent Lancasterian school for boys, 1 do. for girls, and 10 female seminaries, besides several district or common schools of less note. NEW 454 NEW Tlie manufactures of New Haven are numer- ous and extensive. There were in 1840, 6 for. commercial and 2 commission houses, with a cap. of $1J2,000 ; 201 retail stores, with a cap, of $867,600; 10 lumber yards, cap. §126,000; ma- chinery produced, valued at $50,000 ; hardware and cutlery, $81,500 ; 1 woollen fac, cap. $20,000 ; 5 tanneries, cap. $50,000 ; 1 pottery, cap. $3,000 ; 1 ropevvalk, cap. $2,000 ; carriages to the amount of .$234,031 ; 9 printing offices, 5 binderies, 2 daily, 5 weeldy, 2 tri-weekly newspapers, and 4 periodicals, cap. $131,300. Total capital in manufac. $921,200. 1 college, 561 students, 13 acad. 3S5 students, 27 sch. 1,1 19 scholars. New Haven was first settled in 1633 by a colony under Theophilus Eaton, the first gov- ernor, and John Davenport, the first minister, whom Cotton Mather denominated the " Moses and Aaron" of the settlement. In 1665, this colony was united by a royal charter to Con- necticut. In 1784, New Haven was chartered as a city. In July, 1779, the city wps invaded and plundered by about 3,000 British troops from New York, under Generals Tryon and Garth, after a feeble opposition on the part of the inhabitants. New Haven, p-t, Oswego co., N. Y., 10 e. Oswego, 161 w. N. w. Albany, 383 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, sandy loam, adapted to grass, and very productive. Drained by Cat- fish or., flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the n. The v. i.s situated on the cr., and contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, and about 200 inliabitants. There are in the t. 1 store, cap. $3,350 ; 1 tan- nery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,300. 10 sch. 605 scholars. Population, 1,738. New Haven, p-v., Nelson co., Ky., 63 s. w. Frankfort, 610 W. New Haven, p-t., Huron co., O., 82 n. Co- lumbus, 394 W. The v. contains 6 stores, and several manufacturing establishments. There are in the t. 6 sch. 282 scholars. Pop. 1,270. ■ New Haven, p-o., Macomb co., Mich., 25 n. E. Detroit, 549 W. New Haven, p-v., Gallatin co.. El., 197 s. s. E. Springfield, 765 W. Situated on Little Wa- bash r., 2 ms. from its mouth, and contains -several stores, 1 flouring ra., 1 saw m., and about 20 dwellings. New Haven Mills, p-v., New Haven t., Ad- dison CO., Vt., 54 vv. s. w. Montpelier, 486 W. New Holland, p-v.. Earl t., Lancaster co., Pa., 49 E. by s. Harrisburg, 123 W. It contains 1 church, 1 store, and about 30 dwellings. New Holland, p-v.. Perry t., Pickaway co., O., 43 s. Columbus, 413 VV. New Hope, p-b., Solebury t., Bucks co.. Pa., ilO E. by N. Harrisburg. Situated on Delaware r., opposite to Lambertsville, N. J. It contains 6 stores, cap. $41,000; 1 lumber yard, cap. $15,000; 2 cotton fac. 7,000 sp., 2 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,800. 1 acad. 50 students, 2 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 820. Here is a fine covered bridge across the Delaware, supported on 9 piers, built by a company with a cap. of .$160,000, who have, by their charter, banking privileges. New Hope, p-v., Augusta co., Va., 130 w. n. w, Richmond, 149 W. It contains 1 church, free to all denominations, 3 stores, and about 50 inhabitants. New Hope, p-v., Iredell co., N. C, 163 w. Raleigh, 374 W. It contains a Methodist church, and about 30 inhabitants. New Hope, p-v., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 110 N. w. Columbia, 483 W. j New Hope, p-v., Madison co., Ala., 146 ft. n. E. Tuscaloosa, 713 W. New Hope, p-v., Scott t, Brown co., O., 99 s. w. Columbus, 466 W. Situated on the E. bank of White Oak cr., and contains 3 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. in the vicinity, and about 80 inhabitants. New Hope, p-v., Lincoln co.. Mo. New Hudson, t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 14 w. Angelica, 270 w. s. w. Albany. The surface is elevated and undulating ; soil, well adapted to gra.ss. Drained by Black cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $1,700 : 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,700. 2 sch. 44 scholars. Pop. 1,502. New Hurlv, p-v., Shawangunk t., Ulster CO., N. Y., 83 s. w. Albany, 300 W. It contains I church, 2 stores, and about 20 dwellings, not very compact. New Iberia, p-v., St. Martin's par., La., 170 w. New Orleans, 1,289 W. Situated on the w. sideofTeche r., slightly elevated, and contains about 259 inhabitants. Newington, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 40 E. s. E. Concord, 496 W. The soil is sandy and unproductive, excepting on the streams. A bridge 2,600 feet long connects it with Durham. Chartered in 1764. It has 1 tannery, 1 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 543. Newington, p-v., Wethersfield t., Hartford CO., Ct., 6 s. Hartford, 330 W. It is a fine agri- cultural parish. The v. contains 1 Congregation- al and 1 Methodist church, an academy, and about 650 inhabitants. New Ipswich, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 47 s. .s. w. Concord, 447 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grass, and some kinds of grain. Wa- tered by Souhegan r. and its branches. Over one of these branches is a fine stone bridge of a single arch, 156 feet long, and 42 feet above the water. It has 4 stores, cap. $12,200; 3 cotton fac. 3,600 sp., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 6 saw mills. Cap. in manufac. $61,800. 1 acad. 186 students, II sch. 423 scholars. Pop. 1,578. NEW JERSEY. New Jersey, one of the middle United States, is bounded n. by New York ; e. by the Hudson and the Atlantic ; s. by the Atlantic ; and w. by Delaware bay and river, which separates it from the states of Delaware and Pennsylvania. It is between 39° and 41° 24' N. lat., and between 74° and 75° 29' w. Ion., and between 1° 26' and 3° 9' E. Ion. from W. It is 163 ms. long and 52 broad, containing 8,320 square miles, or 5,324,000 acres. The population in 1790 was 184,189; in 1800, 211,149; in 1810, 245,592; in 1820, 277,575; in 1830, 320,779; in 1840, 373,306. Of these 177,055 were white males; 174,533 do. females; 10,783 were free colored males; 10,264 do. females; 303 male, and 371 female slaves. Employed in mining, 266; agriculture, 56,701 ; commerce, 2,283, manufactures and trades. 27,004 ; navigating the ocean, 1,143; do. canals, lakes, and rivers, 1,625 ; learned professions, &c., 1,627. The state is divided into 18 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, are NEW 455 NEW as follows : Atlantic, 8,726, May's Landing ; Bergen, 13,223, Hackensack ; Burlington, 32,831, Mount Holly ; Cape May, 5,324, Cape May C. H. ; Cumberland, 14,374, Bridgetown ; Essex, 44,621, Newark ; Gloucester, 25,438, Woodbury; Hudson, 9,483, North Bergen ; Hunterdon, 24,789, Flemington ; Mercer, 21,502, Trenton; Middlesex, 21,893, New Brunswick; Mon- mouth, 3i,909, Freehold ; Morris, 25,844, Morristown ; Passaic, 16,734, Patterson ; Salem, 16,024, Salem ; Somerset, 17,455, Somerville ; Warren, 20,366, Belvidere ; Sussex 21,770, Newton. The seat of government is Trenton, at the head of sloop navigation on the Delaware, 30 miles above Philadelphia. The northern part of this state is mountainous, being crossed by a branch of the Alleghany ridt^e ; the middle portion of the state is agreeably diversified by hills and valleys ; while the southern part is level and sandy. This portion of the state is to a great extent barren, as the natural growth of the soil is little else but shrub oaks and yellow pines. It is susceptible of being made very pro- ductive by the use of marl, which is extensively found. The remainder of the state has a good soil, well adapted to grazing, and producing wheat, rye, Indian corn, buckwheat, potatoes, oats, and barley. Apples, pears, peaches, plums, and cherries, are produced in great perfection and abundance. In the mountainous parts, the finest cattle are raised, and large quantities of butter and cheese are produced. The produce of this state finds a market in New York and Philadel- phia, on its eastern and western borders. Its exports are wheat, flour, horses, cattle, hams, tidcr, lumber, flax seed, leather, and iron. There were in this state in 1840, 70,502 horses and mules ; 220,202 neat cattle ; 219,28.) sheep ; 261,443 swine. There was produced poultry to the value of $336,953. There were produced 774,203 bushels of wheat; 12,501 of barley; 3,083,524 of oats ; 1,665,820 of rye; 855, 117 of buckwheat; 4,361,975 of Indian corn; 397,207 pounds of wool ; 4,531 of hops; 10,061 of wax; 2,072,069 bushels of potatoes; 334,861 tons of hay ; 2,165 of flax and hemp ; 1,966 pounds of silk cocoons. The products of the dairy amounted to $1,328,032 ; and of the orchard, $464,006 ; of lumber, $271, 5J1 ; 9,416 gallons of wine were made ; and 2,200 barrels of tar, pitch, turpentine, and rosin were produced. A large part of the state being open to the influence of the ocean, has a mild climate ; and no- where is the cold severe in the winter, except in the mountainous region in the northern part. The Hudson and Delaware rivers, on the e. and w. sides, flow partly in tliis state. Besides these, there are the Raritan, navigable for sloops, 17 miles, to New Brunswick, enteruig the Atlantic below Staten Island ; the Passaic, navigable for small vessels, 10 miles, to Newark, and falls into Newark bay ; the Hackensack, navigable 15 miles, which falls into xXewark bay ; Great Egg Har- bor river, navigable 20 miles, for small craft, and entering into tlie Atlantic. Tlie principal bays ai-e Newark bay, n. of Staten Island, and Raritau bay, between Staten Island and Sandy Hook Perth Amboy, at the head of this bay, is the principal seaport in the state. Delaware bay belongs in part to this state. The two principal capes in this state are Cape May, on the n. side of Dela- ware bay, and Sandy Hook, which is a low, sandy island, about 3 miles long, s. of New York bay. The principal towns are Newark, New Brunswick, I'aterson, Trenton, Burlington, Bordentown, Elizabethtown, and Perth Amboy. This state has considerable commerce, though it is diminished by that of the two great cities on its borders. The exports in 1840 were §16,075, and tlie imports were $19,209. There were in the state in 1840, 2 commercial and 8 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of .$99,000 ; there were 1,504 retail drygoods and other stores, employing a capital of $4,113,247; 1,280 persons engaged in the lumber trade, employing a capital of $410,570 ; 423 persons employed in internal transportation, who, with 30 butchers, packers, &c., invested a capital of $204,900 ; 179 persons engaged in the fisheries, with a capital of $93,275. There were in 1840, home-made or family goods produced to the amount of $201,625; 31 wool- len manufactories, and 49 fulling mills, employing 427 persons, producing goods to the amount of $440,710, with a capital of $314,650; 43 cotton manufactories, with 63,744 spindles, employing 2,408 persons, manufacturing articles to the amount of $2,086,104, with a capital of $1,722,810; 26 furnaces, producing 11,114 tons of cast iron, and 80 forges, &c., producing 7,171 tons of bar iron, employing 2,056 persons, and a capital of $1,721,820; 41 paper manufactories produced articles to the amount of $562,200, and other paper manufactures produced $7,000, the whole employing 400 persons, and a capital of $460,100 ; hats and caps were manufactured to the amount of $],18r,562, and straw bonnets to the amount of $23,220, the whole employing 957 persons, and a capital of $332,029; 159 tanneries employed 1,090 persons, and a capital of $415,728; and 478 other leather manufactories, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the amount of $1,582,746; 23 glass houses, and 4 glass-cutting establishments employed 1,075 persons, producing articles to the amount of $904,700, with a capital of $589,800 ; 22 potteries employed 122 persons, producing articles to the amount of $256,807, with a capital of $135,8.50; 932 persons produced machinery to the amount of $755,050 ; 219 distilleries produced 334,0l7 gallons, and f breweries produced 206,375 gallons, employing 394 persons, with a capital of $230,870 ; 123 persons produced hardware and cutlery to the amount of $83,575 ; 71 persons manufactured 2,010 smail-arms ; 70 persons manufactured drugs NEW 456 NEW and paints to the amount of $127,400, and turpentine and varnish to the amount of $43,000, with a capital of $140,800; 1,831 persons produced carriages and wagons to the amount of $1,397,149, with a capital of $644,966 ; 64 flouring mills manufactured 168,797 barrels of flour, and with other mills employed 1,288 persons, and a capital of $2,641,200 ; 8 rope walks employed 60 persons, and produced cordage to the amount of $93,075, with a capital of $37,305 ; ships were built to the value of $344,240 ; furniture employed 517 persons, producmg to the amount of $176,566, with a capital of $130,525; 572 persons produced bricks and lime to the amount of $376,805 ; 205 brick and 861 wooden houses were built by 2,036 persons, at a cost of $1,092,052. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures in the state was $11,517,532. The College of New Jersey, or Nassau Hall, was founded in 1738, and is one of the principal colleges in the country. It has educated many distinguished men, and is flourisliing. Connected with it is the Princeton Theological Seminary, supported by the Presbyterians, and which is their principal place of theological education. Rutgers' College, (formerly Queen's College,) in New Brunswick, was founded in 1770, and has latterly been a growing institution. Connected with it is a theological seminary, established by the Dutch Reformed church, in 1784, which is a respect- able institution. In these institutions there were in 1840, 443 students ; there were in the state 66 academies, with 3,027 students ; 1,207 primary and common schools, with 52,583 scholars ; and 6,385 persons over 20 years of age who could neither read nor write. Of the principal religious denominations, in 1835, the Presbyterians had 105 ministers ; the Dutch Reformed, 48 churches and 42 ministers ; the Baptists, 80 churches and about as many ministers ; the Episcopalians, 30 ministers, including 1 bishop ; the Methodists about 70 ministers, and agreater number of congregations ; the Friends, 67 meetings. Besides these, there were a few Congrega- tionalists, Roman Catholics, and Universalists. In January, 1840, this state had 26 banks, with an aggregate capital of $3,822,607, and a circula- tion of .$1,414,708. The state debt amounted to $83,283. The constitution of New Jersey was formed in 1776, and has existed without any material change to the present time. The government is vested in a governor, legislative council, and general as- sembly. The council and assembly are elected annually. The council consists of 1 member chosen by each county, and the assembly of 50 members, and meets annually in October. The governor is chosen annually by the joint vote of the council and assembly, at their first joint meeting after each annual election. The governor is president of the council, who also elect a vice-president from their own body, to preside in case of the absence of the governor. The ori- ginal constitution granted the right of suffrage to " all persons of full age, who are worth fifty pounds proclamation money, clear estate in the same, and liave resided within the county in which they claim to vote, for 12 months immediately preceding the election." But the legislature have virtually annulled this provision by enacting by law, that every white male inhabitant, who shall be over 21 years of age, and shall have paid a tax, shall be considered worth fifty pounds, and en- titled to vote. The judges are appointed by the legislature, those of the supreme court for atermofseA'enyears, and those of the inferior courts for five years ; and both are capable of a reappointment. The gov- ernor and council form a court of appeals, in the last resort, in causes involving questions of law, and they possess the power of pardoning criminals under sentence. This state has executed some important works of internal improvement. The Morris canal was incorporated in 1824, and completed in 1836, and cost about $2,500,000. It extends from Easton, on the Delaware, to Jersey City, 101 miles. A large amount of coal, from the coal region of Pennsylvania, is transported on it. It has recently been widened at a great expense. The Dela- ware and Raritan canal extends from New Brunswick, on the Raritan, to Bordentown, on the Del- aware, below Trenton, and is 43 miles in length. It forms part of an important communication between the cities of New York and Philadelphia. Salem canal extends from Salem creek, 4 miles, to Delaware river. The railroads of this state are more important, even, than her canals. The Camden and Amboy railroad was incorporated in 1829, and completed in 1832, extending from Camden, on the Dela- ware, opposite to Philadelphia, to South Amboy, at the month of the Raritan, 61 miles. The New Jersey railroad was incorporated in 1832, and opened in 1836, extending from Jersey City, through Newark, New Brunswick, and Trenton, to Bordentown, where it forms a junction with the Camden and Amboy road. The Paterson railroad was incorporated in 1831, and completed in 1834, and branches oflT from the New Jersey railroad at Bergen Hill, and extends 15 miles, to Paterson. The Morris and Essex railroad extends from Newark to Morristown, 20 miles. The Elizabethport and Soraerviile railroad communicates between the two places, 25 miles. The Camden and Wood- bury railroad extends from the one place to the other, 9 miles. The first settlement of New Jersey was by the Dutch from New York, who, between 1614 and 1620, established themselves in Bergen county. In 1627 a colony of Swedes and Finns settled ou the Delaware, and purchased of the Indians the land on both sides of the river to the falls. In NEW 457 NEW 1634, Charles II. granted New York, called by the Dutch New Netherlands, to his brother, the Duke of York, and this grant included New Jersey ; and in 1661, the Duke granted the part now called New Jersey, jointly to Lord Berkley and Sir George Carteret, who, in 1693, established a govern- ment by agreement with the people, and appointed Philip Carteret, Esq., governor. The Dutch subdued the country in 1672, but resigned it in 1674. To obviate any difficulties about title result- ing from these transactions, a new patent was issued in 1674, re-granting the country to the Duke of York, and New Jersey was divided into West Jersey, assigned to the heirs of Lord Berkley, and East Jersey, to Sir George Carteret. In 1675 it was purchased by a company of English emigrants, who formed the first English settlement at Salem. At length great confusion in regard to title having sprung up, which rendered the appointment of governors difficult, the proprietors, in 1702, surrendered the government to the crown, which was accepted by Queen Anne, and the govern- ment henceforth, instead of being proprietary, became royal, and so continued until the revolution in 1776. During the revolutionary war, several important battles were fought in this slate, the in- habitants of which bore their full share of its toils, its dangers, and its sufferings. On the 19lh of December, 1787, this state in convention adopted the constitution of the United States by an unan- imous vote. New Jerusalem, p-o., Bucks co., Pa., 66 e. Harrisburg, 159 W. New Kent, county, Va. Situated toward the E. part of the state, and contains 225 sq. ms. Pa- munky r. bounds it on the N. -E., and Chickahom- iny r. on the s. and s. w. Capital, New Kent C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,193, sheep 2,518, swine 9,379 ; wheat 22,131 bush, produced, Ind. corn 139,784, oats 51,207, potatoes 8,496, cot- ton 4,138; 10 stores, cap. .$20,685; 1 tannery, 16 distilleries, 12 grist m., 12 sch. 287 scholars. Pop. whites 2,472, slaves 3,385, free col'd 373 ; total, 6,231). New Kent, C. H., p-v., capital of New Kent CO , Va., 30 e. Richmond, 147 VV. It contains a court house, jail, 6 stores, and about 15 dwellings. It is 3 ms. s. of Pamunky r., and has a healthy situation. New Kingston, p-o., Delaware co., N. Y. Nkwkirk's Mills, p-o., Bleecker t., Fulton CO., N. Y., 59 N. w. Albany, 411 W. New Lancaster, p-v., Warren co.. 111., 102 n. w. Springfield, 848 W. Newland, p-o., Richland co.. 111. New Lebanon, p-t., Columbia co., N. Y., 23 s. E. Albany, 36-t W. Tlie surface i.s hilly and mountainous, having Taghkannic mountain w., and the Peterborough hills e., and a fertile valley between them. It contains New Lebanon Springs, and a large Shaker Settlement. It has 11 stores, cap. S3.),200 ; 3 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 3 tan- neries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $61,565. 1 acad. 75 students, 16 sch. 812 schol- ars. Pop. 2,536. New Lebanon Shaker Settlement, v.. New Lebanon t., Columbia co., N. Y. Situated 2 ms. s. New Lebanon Springs. It contains 1 church, 10 large dwellings, occupied by the soci- ety in common, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 iron foundry, 3 machine shops, 20 or 3) shops for various manufactures, and about 600 inhabitants. They have 3 extensive dairies, and nearly 3,000 acres of land, highly cultivated. Their manufactures are neat, useful, and in high esteem. New Lebanon Springs, p-v.. New Lebanon t., Columbia co., N. Y., 25 s. E. Albany. Situa- ted near the Massachusetts line, and contains 1 Baptist church, 4 stores, 2 woollen fac ,25d\vell- ings, including 5 hotels and boarding houses, and about 200 inhabitants. Plere are warm springs, which have a temperature of 73° of Fahrenheit, useful in rheumatL-^ms. salt-rheums, and cutaneous affections. Two quarts of water contain muriate of lime, 1 grain ; muriate of soda, IJ; sulphate of lime, li ; carbonate of lime, i\ total, 5 grains. Of gases, nitrogen gas, 13 cubic inches ; aimos- 33 pheric air, 8 ; total, 21 cubic inches. The place and vicinity are celebrated for pure air and de- lightful scenery. The Albany and West Stock- bridge, and the Hudson and Berkshire railroads run within a few miles of the springs, connected in the summer months by a line of stages. New Lebanon, p-v., Pasquotank co., N. C, 237 E. N. e. Raleigh, 271 W. Situated on the head waters of Pa.squotank r., at the s. e.xtremity of the Dismal Swamp canal. New Lebanon, p-v., Sullivan co., la., 103 s. w. by w. Indianapolis, 670 W. New Lexington, p v.. Pike t.. Perry co., O., 52 E. Columbus, 351 W. Situated on the s. e. bank of Big Rush cr. It contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 3-) dwellings, and about 130 inhabitants. New Le.mngton, p-v., Tuscaloosa co., Ala., 24 N. Tuscaloosa, 826 W. Situated on w. side of North r. New Liberty, p-v., capital of Owen co., Ky., 36 N. Frankfort, 343 W. Situated about 3 ms. e. of Eagle cr. It contains a court house, several stores, and 227 inhabitants. New Light, p-o.. Wake co., N. C, 25 Raleigh, 279 W. New Limerick, t., Aroostook co., Me. It has 3 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 123. Newlin, t., Chester co.. Pa., 23 s. w. Phila- delphia. The surface is hilly ; soil, calcareous loam. Watered by the w. branch of Brandy- wine cr., which affords water power. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 1 fulling ra., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .§6,050. 3 sch. 171 scholars. Pop. 728. New Lisbon, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 90 w. Albany, 345 W. The surface is hilly, witli broad valleys on the e. and w. ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Butternut and Otego creeks. It has 4 stores, cap. $14,50); 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1 10 sp., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,150. 14 sch. 515 scholars. Pop. 1,909. New Lisbon, p-v.. Centre!., capital of Colum- biiiia CO., O., 150 e. .n. e. Columbus, 2S0 W. Situated on the N. side of the ^Aliddle fork of Lit- tle Beaver r., and on the Sandy and Beaver ca- nal. It contains a court house, jail, a bank, 6 churches, 10 stores, 3 printing offices, 300 dwell- ings, mostly of brick, and about 2,000 inhabitants. A number of the streets are paved or macadam- ized, and the side-walks are laid with brick. It has an extensive water power, and contains in the immediate vicinity, 1 furnace, 4 flouring m., 4 saw m., 1 paper m., 1 woollen fac, and 1 full- ing m. and carding machine. New Lisbon, p-v., Henry CO., la., 53 E. In- dianapolis, 526 W NEW 458 NEW New Lodge, p-o., Mercer co., Pa., 241 vv. n. W. Harrisburg, 277 W. New London, county, Ct. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, and contains GOO sq. ms. Tiie surface is hilly ; soil, fertile, adapted to grazing, and to some kinds of grain. Long Island sound bounds it on the s., on which are a number of excellent harbors. Watered by Thames r., formed by the junction of Shetucket and Yantic rivers, which afford excellent water power. Quinnebaug r. is a principal branch of Shetucket r. Pawcatuck r. bounds it on the s. e., and Con- necticut r. on the s. w. Capitals, New London and Norwich. There were in 1840, neat cattle 27,441, sheep 62,395, swine 14,256; wheat 10,138 bush, produced, rye 37,633, Itid. corn 186,587, buckwheat 16,966, barley 21,875, oats 122,355, potatoes 394,301 ; 1 commission house in foreign trade, cap. $20,000 ; 247 stores, cap. §770,450 ; 1 1 lumber yards, cap. $76,.500 ; cap. invested in fish- eries $1,190,000 ; 24 fulling m., 23 woollen fac, 16 cotton fac. 29,013 sp., 20 tanneries, 2 potteries, 7 rope fac, 57 grist m., 64 saw m., 3 oil m., 5 pa- per fac, 4 printing offices, 3 binderies, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in mamifac $1,661,725. 17 acad. 747 students, 231 sch. 10,790 scholars. Pop. 44,463. New London, p-t., Merrimac co., N. IL, 30 N. w. Concord, 484 W. Sunapee lake lies on its s. w. border. A large pond in its w. part dis- charges its waters into Sunapee lake. Two other ponds form the sources of Blackwater r. and Warner r. The surface is rolling, and the soil fertile. Incorporated in 1779. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,675. 1 acad. 132 students, 8 sch. 322 scholars. Pop. 1,019. New London, city, port of entry, and semi- capital of New London co., Ct. It is situated on the Thames, 3 miles from its entrance into Long Island sound, and is in 41° 24' n. lat. and 72° 30' w. Ion. from Greenwich, and 4° 0' 48" e. Ion. from W. It is 44 s. e. from Hartford, 52 e. from New Haven, 55 s. w. from Providence, and 353 from W. The population in 1810 was 3,238 ; in 1820, 3,330; in 1830, 4,356 ; in 1840, 5,519. It is built on a declivity, which descends to the E. and s. Back of the city the ground rises to a considerable height, and from its summit presents a fine view of the harbor and the surrounding country. The ground being rough, and over- spread with granite rocks, rendered it diflk-ult to lay it out with much regularity ; and it was not attempted. It is not in general very well built ; but there are some houses, recently erected, which are neat and elegant. The county courts are held alternately at this city and at Norwich. It has the usual county buildings. There are 5 places of public worship —2 congregational, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. There are 3 banks, and 2 insurance offices. A daily line ol steamboats connects this place with New York, which extends to Norwich, and connects with the railroad to Worcester. There are also several lines of packets. The harbor is the best in the state, and one of the best in the United States. It has a depth of 30 feet, and is spacious and safe. It is defended by two forts. Fort Trumbull is situated on a projecting point, about a mile below the city, and is generally garrisoned by soldiers of the U. States army. The other fortification is Fort Griswold, on an eminence on the opposite side of the river, in Groton. There is a light-house on a projecting point of land which divides the harbor from Long Island sound, 3 miles below the city. The harbor is rarely obstructed at all by ice. New London has not an extensive back country, the trade of which naturally flows to it ; but it serves in some measure as a port to Connecticut river, which is not generally navigable to vessels of the largest class, nor at all, a portion of the year. The foreign trade of New London is chiefly with the West Indies, and its coasting trade with the Southern States. The fisheries, and particularly the whale fishery, have exten- sively engaged the attention and employed the capital and enterprise of its inhabitants. About $1,000,000 is devoted to the prosecution of this business. The tonnage of the port in 1840, was 44,822. There were in 1840, 40 retail stores, cap. $220,000; 3 lumber yards, cap. $3^,000; capital employed in the fisheries, $830,000 ; machinery produced,$20,000 ; hardware and cutlery $61,CKX» ; 1 tannery, capital, $3,000 ; 3 rope walks, capital $10,000 ; 1 printing office, 1 bindery, 1 weekly paper. Total cap. in manufac. .$91,300. 4 acad. 131 students, 14 sch. 787 scholars. New London was first settled in 1646. The township is the smallest in the state, being only four miles in length, with an average breadth of three fourths of a mile. In September, 1783, a large portion of the place was burned by the British, under the traitor Benedict Arnold, and Fort Griswold, in Groton, was captured, and a large part of the garrison were put to the sword. A granite monument erected on the spot, 150 feet high, commemorates the event, and on it are in- scribed the names of those who fell. New London, p-v., Verona t.. Oneida co., N. Y., 117 w. N. w. Albany, 38S W. Situated on the Erie canal, and contains 6 stores, an exten- sive boat yard, 25 dwellings, and about 200 in- habitants. New London, t., Chester co.. Pa., 36 s. w. Philadelphia. The surface is a gentle declivity : soil, sandy loam. Elk cr. flows on its w. border. Watered by Clay cr. It contains 2 churches. It has 7 stores, cap. $22,000 ; 2 woollen fac, 1 tan- nery, 1 forge, 6 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $23,030. 1 acad. 80 students, 5 sch. 131 scholars. Pop. 1,553. New London, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 70 n. w. Annapolis, 52 W. New London, p-v., Campbell co., Va., 127 w. by s. Richmond, 202 W. Situated on a branch of Staunton r., and contains 1 Methodist church, an academy, and about 25 or 30 dwellings. It is one of the oldest towns in the state. The United States armory, now at Harpers Ferry, was origin- ally located here. New London, p-t., Huron co., O., 96 n. Co- lumbus, 385 W. it has 7 sch. 193 scholars. Pop. 1,218. New Londo.n, p-v., Henry co., Iowa. New London, p-v., capital of Ralls co.. Mo., 98 N. N. E. Jefl!erson City, 902 W. Situated on the s. side of Salt r. It contains a court house, jail, 1 acad. 38 students, 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 263. New London Cross Roads, p-v.. New Lon- don t., Chester co.. Pa., 72 s. e. Harrisburg, 95 W. It is a small v. in the n. w. corner of the t. New Lyme, pt., Ashtabula co., O., 195 n. e. Columbus, 32.1 W. Organized in 1813, by the name of Lebanon ; received its present name in 1825, in remembrance of Lyme, Ct., whence many of its origmal inhabitants came. It has 5 sch. 236 scholars. Pop. 527. New iMadison, p-v., Harrison t, Darke co., O., 100 w. Columbus, 494 W. New 3Iadrid, county. Mo. Situated in the s. E. part of the stale, and contains 1,625 sq. ms. The surface ie level, and in parts liable to be an NEW 459 NEW nually overflowed. The soil in that part which is sufficiently elevated for cultivation, is very fer- tile. Capital, New Madrid. There were in 1S40, neat cattle 6,655, sheep 1,043, swine 21,403 ; wheat 9,5!)3 bush, produced, Ind. corn 461,110, oats 11,055, potatoes 9,527, cotton l,16t pounds ; 15 stores, cap. ^53,000 ; 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,900. 2 acad. 25 students, 4 sch. 99 scholars. Pop. whites 3,748, slaves 801, free col'd 5 ; total, 4,554. New Madrid, p-v., capital of New 3Iad rid co., Mo., 271 s. E. Jefferson City, 911 W. Situated on the .\. side of the Missis.sippi r., at a consider- able bend in the r. The bank of the r. is some- what elevated, but has been undermined. The place was visited by earthquakes in 1811 and 1812. It contains a court house, 10 stores, and about 500 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 1,668. Ne\vm.\nsv£lle, p-o., Greene co., Tenn., 268 E. Nasiuille, 430 W. New M.vrion, p-v., Ripley co., la., 73 s. e. Indianapolis, 553 W. New 3I.\rket, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 38 s. E. Concord, 488 W. Lamprey r. runs on its N. E. boundary, and E.xeter r. on its s. w. bor- der. Drained by a branch of Lamprey r. The soil is fertile. Incorporated in 1727. It has 1 Congregational and 1 Metiiodist church, and a Wesleyan academy. On Lamprey r. is a v., with considerable manufactures, to which ve.s- sels of from 80 to 100 tons can come. Tliere are in the t. 30 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 3 cotton fac. 14,000 sp., 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 acad. 46 students, 13 sch. 764 scholars. Pop. 2,730. New Market, p-v., Piscataway t., Middlesex CO., N. J., 36 N. E. Trenton, 203 W. Situated on the E. bank of Cedar cr., and contains a store, a grist m., and about 25 dwellings. New Market, pv., Frederick co., Md., 67 n. w. Annapolis, 49 W. Situated on the n. branch of Bush cr. It is surrounded with a beautiful country. New Market, p-v., Shenandoah co., Va., 139 N. w. Richmond, 112 W. Situated one mile E of the N. fork of Shenandoah r., near the s. w. border of the co. It contains 3 churches — 1 Lu- theran, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an academy, 5 stores, 120 dwellings, and about 800 inhabit- ants. It has numerous manufactures, and 2 forges, and several mills in the vicinity. The country around abounds with iron ore. On Mas- sanutten mountain, e. of the v., is a beautiful cas- cade, where the stream, a few yards wide, de- scends in an unbroken sheet, 50 feet perpen- dicularly. New Market, p-v., Randolph co., N. C, 85 w. Raleigh, 324 W. New Market, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 90 w. Columbia, 528 W. New Market, p-v., Madison co., Ala., 170 n. Tuscaloosa, 6J1 W. New Market, p-v., .Tefferson co., Tenn., 208 E. Nashville, 476 W. Situated on the head wa- ters of Loss cr. New Market, p-v., Marion co., Ky., 65 s. s. w. Frankfort, 587 W. Situated on the n. side of the Rolling Fork of Salt r. New Market, p-t.. Highland co., O., 81 s. w. Columbus, 448 W. It has 4 sch 147 scholars. Pop. 1,302. New Market, p-v., Vigo co., la., 82 w. by s. Indianapolis, 634 W^. New Market, p-v., Platte co.. Mo. New Marlboro', p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 131 s. w. by w. Boston, 364 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile, adapted to grazing. Drain- ed by Konkapot r. and its branches. A pond in the s. part discharges its waters into Blackberry r. in Canaan. Incorporated in 1736. It has 4 stores, cap. $11,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 forge, 1 tan- nery, 1 powder m., 3 paper fac, 4 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,030. 11 sch. 430 scholars. Pop. 1,682. New Maysville, p-v., Putnam co., la., 32 w Indianapolis, 603 W. New Middleton, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa., 120 N. E. Harrisburg, 228 \v. New Middleton, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 185 N. e. by e. Columbus. Pop. 118. New Milford, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 51 w. s. w. Hartford, 308 W. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, generally fertile, being a sandy, gravelly, and clay loam. Walered by Housa- tonic r. and its branches. This large t. has 9 churches — 2 (Congregational, 2 Episcopal, 2 Bap- tist, 2 Methodist, and 1 Friends. The v. contains 2 churches, 5 stores, and about 69 dwellings. A bridge here cros.ses the Housatonic r., erected in 1737, and the first bridge across it ever erected in its whole course. Two other bridges cross the r. in this t. Marble is found here. It has 7 stores, cap. $29,300 ; 1 cotton fac. 1,500 sp., 5 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,900. 23 sch. 879 scholars. Pop. 3,974. New Milford, p-o., Warwick t.. Orange co., N. Y., 120 s. by w. Albany, 264 W. ^ New Milford, p t.. Susquehanna co., Pa., 185 N. Harrisburg, 289 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay and gravel. Drained by ^Mitchell's and Salt Lick creeks. The v., in the n. e. part of the t., contaiiis an Episcopal church, 3 stores, and about 25 dwellings. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $27,000 ; 1 lulling in., 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $12,6iJ0. 8 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1,148. Newman's Mills, p-o., Indiana co., Pa. New Mount Pleasant, p-v.. Jay co., la., 97 N. E. Indianapolis, 520 W. Newnan, p-v., capital of Coweta co., Ga., 106 w. by .N. Milledgeville, 710 W. It contains a court house, jail, and about 15 or 20 dwellings. Newnansville, p-v., capital of Alachua co., Flor., 120 E. s. E. Tallahassee, 72 w. St. Augus- tine. New Ohio, p-o., Colesville t., Broome co., N. Y., 127 w. s. w. Albany, 310 W. New Orleans, city, port of entry, and capital of Louisiana, in the parish of Orleans, is the fourth city in population, and the third in com- merce, in the United States. It is on the left bank of Mississippi r., which has here a singular curve which places the city on its n. w. side, and facing to the s. E. It is 105 ms. from its mouth, by the course of the river, but only 90 in a direct line — 1,132 from St. Louis, 1,397 from New York, 1,612 from Boston, and 1,172 from Washington— in 29° 57' i\. lat., 90° 6' w. Ion. from Greenwich, and 13° 5' w. Ion. from W. The population in 1810, was 17,212; in 1820, 27,176; in 1830, 46,310; in 1840, 102,193— of whom 23,148 were slaves. Employed in agriculture, 1,430; in commerce, 7,392; in manufactures and trades, 4,5J3; navi- gating the ocean, 1,315; do. rivers and canals, 285 ; learned professions, 438. The old city proper is in the form of a paral- lelogram, of whicli the longer sides are 1,320 yds. long, and the shorter, toward the swamp in the rear, 700 yds. Above the city are the suburbs of St. Mary and Annunciation, and below are the suburbs of Marigny, Franklin, and Washing- ton. These are called Fauxbourgs. Between the city and the bayou St. Johns, are the villages of St. Claude and Si. Johnsburg. The old city NEW 460 NEW proper was laid out by the French, and now forms not more than one eighih of the ciiy hiniis, and not more than one third of its thickly settled parts. In ld3l>. the legislature pissed an act, dividing tiie ciiy into 3 municipalities, ranliing them ac- cording to their population. The 1st includes the city pioper, extending with that width from the river back to Lake Pontch.irtrain, and occupying the ccn're; the '2d adjoining it above, and the 3d below, both extending from the river to the lake. Each municipality has a distinct council for the management of i;s internal afTiirs, which do not encroa(;h on the general goverrmient. The situation of New Orleans for commerce is very commanding. The length of the Mi-ssissippi r., and its connected waters, which are navigated by steam, is not less than "20,000 miles, and the country which they drain is not surpassed in fertiliiy by any on the globe. Its advantages for communication with the country in its immediate vicinity are also great. By a canal, 4i nis. long, it communicates with Lake Pontchartrain, and iis connected ports. This canal cost $1,000,000. There is also a canal, U ni. long, which conunu- nicates with Lake Pontchartrain through b.iyou St. John. A railroad, 41 ms. long, connects it with CarroUton. A railroad, li ms. long, connects the city with Lake Pontchartrain, 1 m. e. of bayou St. John. Tlie Mexican Gulf railroad ex- tends 24 ms., to Lake Borgne, and is to be con- tinued to tne gulf, at the South Pass. The Mis- sissippi, opposite to the city, is half a mile wide and from 100 to I6J 'eet deep, and continues of this depth to near its entrance into the ocean, where are bars, with from I3i to 16fee^of water. The level of the city is from 3 to 9 feet below the level of the river, at the highest water. To protect it from inundation, an embankment, call- ed the Levee, is raised on its border, from 4 to 10 feet high, and generally from 2J to 40 feet broad ; but in front of the 2d miuiicipality, by the an- nual deposits made by the river, and the filling up by the corporation, it is extended to 5J0 or 600 feet broad. This forms a splendid promenade, and a very convenient place for depositing the cotton and other produce from the upper country, which can be rolled directly from the decks of the steamers to the bank of the r. The levee extends from 43 ms. below the city to 12J above it. The harbor presents an area of many acres, covered with flat-boats, and keel-boats, in its upper parts. Sloops, .schooners, and brigs, are arranged along its wharves, and present a forest of masts ; and steamboats are continually ar- riving or departing. The amount of domestic articles exported exceeds $12,000,000 annually, being greater than those of any other city in the Union, excepting New York. The houses of the city proper have a French and Spanish aspect, are generally stuccoed, and are of a white or yellow color. A basement story, about 6 feet high, forms the only cellar, as none arc sunk be- neath the surface of the ground. The city proper and the Fauxbourg St. Mary, are compactly and substantially built. The buildings in the Faux- bourg St. Mary and many other parts of the city, are ..lostly of brick, and resemble those of other cities of the United States. The city proper contains 66 complete squares ; each square hav- ing a front of 319 feet in length. I'ew of the streets, excepting Canal-street, are more than 40 feet wide. Many of the seats in the suburbs are surrounded with spacious gardens, splendidly ornamented with orange, lemon, magnolia, and other trees. No city in the United States has so great a variety of iidiabitants, with such an as- tonishing contrast of maaaers, language, and complexion. The French population probably still predominates over the American, though the latter is continually gaining gromid. The water generally used in the city is rain water, contained in cisterns holding from 20 to .tO hogsheads each. The Commercial Bank water works, which cost .'$155,00.'), raise the water 20 or 30 feet above the city, and distribute it by pipes, having an aggre- gate length of 12 ms. The city water works have a pipe 1 m. long, to furnish running water, in hot weather, through the gutters of the city, which cost $\ 10,000. A draining company, with a capital of $640,000, has 2 steam engines for draining the marshes between the city and Lake Pontchartrain, of35sq.ms. in extent. The land is thus made valuable, and the health of the city improved — although it is still unhealthy, from July to the middle of October. The city contains a state house, custom house, 2 exchanges, a U. S. mint, a U. S. land office ; 5 banks, with a capital of more than if! 10,003,000 ; a large and splendid Ro- man Catholic cathedral. 90 by 12;) feet, with 4 towers ; the Ursuline convent, 3 theatres, the Col- lege of Orleans, a charity hospital, which has received 900 patients in a year; 3 other hospitals, an orphan asylum, and various other charitable institutions. There are 2 large, and several small- er cotton presses, of great importance to the bu- siness of the city. There are fewer churches than in any other city in the Union in proportion to its size. The Roman Catholics have 3, the Episcopalians 2, the Presbyterians, Baptists, and Methodists, 1 each, and there is a mariners' church. There were in 1840, 8 commercial and 375 commission houses, with a cap. of sji 1 6,490,000 ; 1,S81 retail stores, cap. $11,018,225; 32 lumber yards, cap. $f>7,800 ; 6 furnaces, cap. S355,(.'00 ; hardware manufactured to the amount of §30.000 ; 1 cotton fac. 700 sp., cap. $20,000 ; tobacco man- ufactures, cap. $60,000 ; 1 tannery, cap. $50,000; 2 distilleries, cap. $56,000; 3 sugar refineries, value produced $700,000 ; 3 steam saw m., cap. $ 175,000 ; 18 printing offices, 5 binderies, 9 daily, 6 weekly, and 2 semi-weekly newspapers, with a cap. of $162,200 ; 201 brick and stone, and 210 wooden houses built, cost $2,234,3.)0. Cap. in manutiic. $1,774,200. 2 colleges, 105 students, 10 acad. 440 students, 25 sch. 975 scholars. The city was founded by the French in 1717. In 1762 it was conveyed to the Spanish, who in 1800 reconveyed it to the French; and in 1803 it was purchased by the United Stales, in the purchase of Louisiana. On January 8th, 1815, the British, under Gen. Packenham, made an at- tack on the city, approaching it through Lake Borgne ; but they were signally defeated by the Americans, under Gen. Jackson. The British loss, in killed and wounded, was 3,000 men, and Gen. Packenham was killed : the Americans lost only 7 men killed and 6 wounded. New Oxford, pv., Berwick t., Adams co.. Pa., 33 s. by w. Harrisburg, 85 W. It contains 1 church, 2 stores, and about 45 dwellings. New Paltz, p-t., Ulster co., N. Y., 74 s. by w. Albany, 306 W. The surface is hilly on the w., covered in part by Shawangunk mountain ; soil, mostly calcareous loam, and generally productive. Bounded on the E. by Hudson r. Watered by VValikill r. The inhabitants are mostly of Dutch descent. The v. is situated on the Wallkill, 9 ms. w. of the landing, on the Hudson, and con- tains 2 churches, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 1 tannery, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $19,000 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fiic, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,900; 1 acad. 35 students^ 26 sch. 1,109 scholars. Pop. 5,408. NEW 461 NEW New Paltz Landing, p-v.. New Paltz t., Ul- ster CO., N. Y., 73 s. by w. Albany, 300 W. Sit- uated on the w. bank of Hudson r., opposite Poughkeepsie v., and contains 1 church, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 1 tannery, and about 40 dwellings. New Paris, n-v., Jefferson t., Preble cc, O., 106 w. by s. Columbus, 499 W. Situated on the w. bank of Whitewater r., which affords good water power. It contains 1 church, 4 stores, 2 grist m., 4 saw m., in the vicinity, 60 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. New Petersbitrgii, p-v., Paint t.. Highland CO., O., 79 s. w. Columbus, 434 W. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 4 stores, 4 warehouses, 33 dwellings, and about 350 inhab- itants. New Philadelphia, p-v., Go.shen t., capital of Tuscarawas co., O., 115 e. n. e. Columbus, 313 W. Situated on the e. bank of Tuscarawas r., on a beautiful plain, opposite to the mouth of Sugar cr. It contains a court house, jail, several stores, a printing office, 80 dwellings and about 500 inhabitants. New PiiiLADELPHfA, p-v., Washington co., la., 96 s. Indianapolis, 596 W. New Pittsburg, p-v., Chester t., Wayne co., O., 92 N. E. Columbus, 355 W. It contains 2 stores, about 25 dwellings, and 150 inhabitants. New Plain, p-v., Murray co., Ga. Newport, county, R. I. It consists of several islands in Narraganset bay, and a portion of the main land, and contains 136 sq. ras. The most important portion of the co. is Rhode Island, 15 ms. long, and 2i broad. The surface is gently uneven ; soil, fertile, adapted to grain and to grass. Fossil coal is found. Canonicut, Pru- dence, and Block islands constitute the chief re- maining insular portions of the co. The advan- tages for navigation are very great, and many of the inhabitants are engaged in the fisheries. Cap- ita!, Newport. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,633, sheep 29,230. swine 5,679 ; wheat 40S bush, produced, rye 3,500, Ind. corn 96,058, buckwheat !35, barley 33,005, oats 62,607, potatoes 142,218; 7 houses in foreign trade, cap. $140,700 ; 133 .stores, cap. $3J7,990 ; 5 lumber yards, cap. $30,300; cap. invested in fisheries, $301,557; 2 fulling m, 5 woollen fac, 10 cotton fac. 21,890 sp., 1 dyeing and printing establishment, 4 tan- neries, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 3 rope fac, 24 grist m., 4 saw m., 3 printing offices, 2 binderies, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $377,408. 3 acad. 100 students, 62 sch. 2,471 scholars. Pop. 16,874. Newport, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 54 n. e. Augusta, 619 W. It contains a large and beau- tiful pond, into which several streams empty, and the outlet of which forms the source of Se- basticook r. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Its streams afford water power. It has 4 stores, cap. $4,800 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,330. 8 sch. 471 scholars. Pop. 1,138. Newport, p-t., capital of Sullivan co., N. H., 39 w. by N. Concord, 474 W. The surface is uneven; soil, generally fertile, especially on the streams. Watered by Sugar r., the three branch- es of which unite near the centre, affording good •water power, and where is a pleasant v. C har- tered in 1761. It has 7 stores, cap. $31,000; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fiic, 2 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist m., 10 saw m., 19 sch. 653 scholars. Pop. 1,953. Newport, p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 64 n. Mont- pelier, 580 W. It has Lake Memphremagog on its N. E. border, and e.vtends to the Canada line on the N. Watered by head branches of Missis- que r. Chartered in 1802. It contains consider- able tracts that are low and swampy. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,900. 8 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 591. Newport, p-t., capital of Newport co., and semi-capital of the stale of Rhode Island, 30 s. by E. Providence, 408 W. Situated on the s. w. side of Rhode Island, 5 miles from the ocean. The harbor, which is of a semicircular form, spreads westward before the town. It is one of the finest in the United States, being safe, easy of access, and capacious, and sufficiently deep for vessels of the largest cla.ss. The har- bor is defended by Fort Adarns, situated on Bren- ton's Pt., Island of Rhode Island, li miles w. s. w. of the town, and is garrisoned by 4 companies of U. S. Artillery, l-'ort Greene, built during the late w"ar, has gone to decay ; it was at the northern extremity of the town. The site of the town is a beautiful and gentle acclivity, which rises gradually from the harbor, exhibiting it to great advantage, as it is approached from the wa- ter. The pleasantness of its situation, and the healthfulness of its climate, its fine views, and its cooling ocean breezes, have rendered it a favorite summer resort to the inhabitants of the cities, and of the southern states. It contains a state house, market house, theatre, almshouse, a library, con- taining over 3,000 volumes, 3 acad. with over lOO students, 7 banks, 12 churches — 1 Baptijjt, 2 Con- gregational, 2 Episcopal, 1 Friends, 1 Jloravian, 1 Methodist, and a Jews' Synagogue — 1,200 dwell- ings, and 8,333 inhabitants. The commerce of Newport is considerable, with Europe, the East and \Vest Indies, in the coasting trade and the fisheries. It has 5 commer. and 2 commis. houses cap. $126,700; 104 stores, cap. $346,515; Slumber yards, cap. $26,800 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 4 cotton fac, 20,290 sp.,3 tanneries, 1 dist., 1 brew- ery, 3 printing offices, 2 binderies, 3 weekly news- papers, 7 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $726,983. 8 sch. 265 scholars. Tonnage in 1840 10,924 TVewport, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y ., 86 n. w. Albany, 405 W. The surface is hilly, with fer- tile valleys ; soil, sandy and calcareous loam, adapted to grass. Drained by West Canada cr. The V. is situated on the cr., and contains 1 Epis- copal and 1 Baptist church, 3 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 distillery, 60 dwellings, and about 450 inhabitants. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $26,700 ; 2 lumber yards, 1 furnace, 2 full- ing m., 2 cotton fac. 1,636 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 dis- tilleries, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $99,925. 10 sch. 432 scholars. Pop. 2,020. Newport, p-v., Dover t., Cumberland co., N. J., 79 s. by w. Trenton, 190 W. It is called also " Autuxel." Situated on Nautuxct cr., 5 ins. above its mouth. It contains 1 store and about 30 dweUings. Newport, p-v., Juniata t. Perry co., Pa., 2S .N. w. Harrisburg, 132 W. Situated on the w. bank of Juniata r., above the mouth of Little Buffalo cr. It contains 3 stores, 1 sch. 75 scho- lars, and 423 hdiabitants. It is on the bank of the canal, and has considerable business. There is a ferry here across the r. Newport, t., Luzerne co.. Pa., 8 s. w. Wilkes- barre. Watered by Nanticoke r., which has falls, affording great water power. At the falls a dam is constructed, for feeding the N. Branch canal. Anthracite coal and bog iron ore are abundant. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tanne- ry, 3 flouring m., 4 saw m. Cap. in m&nufac. .$6,400. 5 sch. 225 scholars. Pop. 1,099. Newport, p-v., New Castle co., Del., 49 n. Dover, 108 W. NEW 462 NEW Newport, p-v., Charles co., Md., 83 s. w. An napolis, 44 W. Newport, p-o., Giles co., Va., 222 w. Rich- mond, 263 W. Newport, p-v., capital of Cocke co., Tenn., 232 E. by s. Nashville, 465 W. Situated on the s. W- side of French Broad r., and contains a court house, 2 churches — 1 Methodist, 1 Presby- terian — 1 academy, and 150 inhabitants. Newport, p-v., capital of Campbell co., Ky., 86 X. N. E. Frankfort, 493 W. Situated on Ohio r^ immediately above the entrance of Licking r., and directly opposite to Cincinnati. It contains a court house, jail, market house, an academy, endowed by the state with 6,000 acres of land, and a United States arsenal. It is situated on an elevated plain, commanding a fine view of Cin- cinnati. Newport, p-t., Washington co., O., 118 e. s. E. Columbus, 293 W. It has many fine farms with hand.some brick dwellings along the Oliio r. The v. is situated on the n. bank of Ohio r., 14 ms. above Marietta. It contains 1 church, 2 stores. There are in the t. lOsch. 484 scholars. Pop. 1,228. Newport, p-v., capital of Vermilion co., la., 78 w. Indianapolis, 650 W. Situated on the s. side of Vermilion r., 2 ms. above its junction with the Wabash r. It contains a brick court house, jail, and 3 stores. It is surrounded by a very fertile country. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $19,000 ; 2 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $4,300. 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 192. Newport, p-v., Franklin co., Mo., 70 e. .lef- ferson City, 877 W. Situated on high bluffs 1 m. from the Missouri r., and contains 2 stores and a landing and warehouse, a little above, on tiie r. opposite to Pinckney. It was formerly the capital of tlie co. Newport, rivers, Ga. The N. r. is 25 ms. long, navigable to Riceboro, near its sources ; the s. r. is a smaller stream, emptying into St. Catharines sound. New Portage, p-v., Norton t., Medina co., O., 119 N. e. by N. Columbus, 334 W. New Portland, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 56 n. N. w. Augusta, 650 vV. The soil is very fertile, adapted to grain. Watered by Seven Mile Brook and its branches, which afford water power. In- corporated in 1808. It has 7 stores, cap. $13,50v) ; 1 fulling ra., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,125. 17 sch. 597 scholars. Pop. 1,620. Newportville, p-v., Bristol t., Bucks co., Pa., 116 e. Harrisburg, 158 W. Situated at the liead of navigation, on Neshaminy cr., which affords water power. It contains a store, about 15 dwellings, and a bridge across the cr. on stone piers. New Preston, p-v., Washington t., Litchfield CO., Ct., 43 w. by s. Hartford, 3i!0 W. Situated on w. side of E. Aspeiuck r. It has 2 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal — a factory, and several neat dwellings. New Prospect, p-v., Franklin t., Bergen co., N. J., 87 N. E. Trenton, 253 W. It is pleasantly situated on elevated ground, on Hohokus cr., and contains 1 store, 2 paper m., 2 grist m., a chair fac, with lathes moved by water power, and a number of dwellings. New Prospect, p-v., Spartanburg dist, S. C, 117 N. w. Columbia, 483 W. New Prospect, p-v., Greene co., Ala., 57 s. w. Tuscaloosa, 874 \V. New Prospect, p-o., Milton t., Wayne co., C, 110 N. e. Columbus, 341 W. New Providence, p-t.., Essex co., N. J., 13 s. w. Newark, 56 n. e. by n. Trenton, 222 W. The surface is hilly, and mountainous on the w. ; soil, clay loam and red shale. It has 4 stores, cap. $9,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 paper fac, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,'700. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 832. New Providence, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa., 46 E. by s. Harrisburg, 121 W. New Providence, p-v., Montgomery countv, Tenn., 47 N. w. Nashville, 732 W. New Providence, p-v., Clarke co., la., 107 s. by E. Indianapolis, 618 W. New Richmond, p-o., Crawford co., Pa., 246 N. w. by w. Harrisljurg. New Richmond, p-v., Ohio t., Clermont co., O., 116 s. w. Columbus, 4S7 W. Situated on Ohio r., just above the mouth of Muddy cr. It contains 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Meth- odist — 10 stores, 1 steam grist m., 1 steam saw m., 2 carding machines, 130 dwellings, and about 900 inhabitants. New, r., Va., rises in N. C, and flowing into Va., after passing through Peters mt., it is called the Great Kanav/ha r. New, r., N. C, runs into New River inlet, in the Atlantic, 45 w. s. w. Cape Lookout. New, r., Beaufort dist., S. C, runs nearly par- allel with Savannah r., and, by several mouths, enters Tybee sound. New, r.. La., rises near the Mississippi r., and flowing between that and Amite r., enters Lake Maurepas. New River, p-o.. Ascension par., La., 83 w. N. w. New Orleans, 1,200 W. New Road, p-o., Sidney t., Delaware co., N. Y., 102 s. w. Albany, 329 W. New Rochelle, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 18 N. e. New York, 145 s. Albany, 244 W. The surface is undulating or level ; soil, clay loam, adapted to grass. Long Island sound bounds it on the s. The v. is pleasantly situated at the head of a small bay of Long Island sound, and has a good steamboat landing, from which 2 sloops owned here, trade to New York, and steam- boats pass daily. It contains a town house, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Meth- odist — 1 male and 2 female boarding schools, 9 stores, 1 grist m., 1 bone button fac, 1 printers' ink fac, 1 carriage fac, 125 dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. It has a line view of Long Isl- and sound. It was early settled by Huguenots, from Rochelle in France. It has 2 acad. 38 stu- dents, 1 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 1,816. New Rochester, p-v.. Freedom t.. Wood co. O., 108 N. w. Columbus, 453 W. New Ross, p-v., Montgomery co., la., 35 w. N. w. Indianapolis, 606 W. New Rumley, p-v., Rumley t., Harrison co., O., 116 E. by N. Columbus, 2^0 W. It contains 1 church, 3 stores, 1 tannery, 2 carding machines, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Newry, p-t., Oxford co.. Me., 64 w. Augusta, 611 W. Watered by Bear river, and another branch of Androscoggin r., which afford good water power. Incorporated in 1805. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac $304. 4 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 463. Newry, p-v., Frankstown t., Huntingdon co., Pa., 122 w. Harrisburg, 157 W. Situated on Poplar run, a tributary of the Frankstown branch of Juniata r. It contains 1 German Reformed and 1 Roman Catholic church, 3 stores, 1 distil- lery, and about 50 dwellings and 300 inhabitants. New Salem, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 73 w. N. w. Boston, 403 W. Miller's r. flows on its n. border. Watered by a branch of this river, and by a branch of Middle r. The surface is ele- vated ; soil, well adapted to grazing. Incorpo- NEW 463 NEW rated in 1753. There is an academy which was incorporated in 1795. It contains 3 churches — 2 Congregational and 1 Baptist. It has 4 stores, cap. $1,3J0 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,150. 1 acad. 103 students, 12 sch. 360 scholars. Pop. 1,305. New Sale,',!, p-v., New Scotland t., Albany CO., N. Y., 12 w. Albany, 332 W. It contains 1 Dutch Reformed church, 2 stores, 1 tannery, and about 15 dwellings. New Sale.m, p-v., Salem t., Fayette cc, Pa., 187 w. by s. Harrisburg, 203 W. It contains 2 stores, and about 25 dwellings. New Sale.m, p-o., Harrison co., Va., 267 n. w. Richmond, 235 W. New Salem, p-v., Randolph co., N. C, 81 w. Raleigh, 319 W. New Sale.m, p-v.. Walnut t., Fairfield co., O., 40 s. E. Columbus, 371 W. New Salem, p-v.. Rush co., la., 47 e. s. e. Indianapolis, 511 W. New Salisuury, p-v., Harrison co., la., 124 s. Indianapolis, 616 W. New Scotland, p-t., Albany co., N. Y., 9 w. Albany, 379 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, sand, loam, and clay. Drained by Coeyman's or. and a branch of the Normanskill r. The vil- lage contains 1 Presbyterian church, 2 stores, 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. §12,000 ; 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $.5,800. Pop. 2,912. New Sewickly, t., Beaver co., Pa., 5 e. Bea- ver. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Watered by Big Beaver r., which has falls in this t. afford- ing great water power. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,200. 4 sch. 133 scholars. Pop. 1,740. New Sharon, p-t., Franklin co.. Me., 28 n. w. Augusta, 621 W. It has a fertile soil, adapted to wheat. Drained by Sandy r., which flows into Kennebec r. Incorporated in 1791. It has 4 stores, cap. $10,000; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,300. 17 sch. 729 scholars. Pop. 1,829. New Shoreham, p-t., Newport co., R. I., 15 s. s. w. Point Judith, 13 n. e. Montauk Point, Long Island. The t. comprises Block Island, 8 miles long, and from 2 to 4 broad. The surface is un- even ; soil, a sandy and gravelly loam, and pro- ductive. About one seventh of the surface is covered with ponds. There are no forests, and peat is the only fuel. There are 1 Baptist church, 4 stores, and 2 wind m. There is no harbor for vessels. The inhabitants are mostly fishermen, employed in taking cod and mackerel. It has 4 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. ^1,000. 4 sch. 374 scholars. Pop. 1,069. Newson's Depot, p-o., Southampton co., Va., /8 s. s. E. Richmond, 197 W. Situated on the Portsmouth and Roanoke railroad. New Springfield, p-v., Columbiana co., O., 167 N. E. by E. Columbus, 289 W. New Stanton, p-v., Westmoreland co.. Pa. Newstead, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 20 n. e. Buf- falo, 266 w. Albany, 336 W. The surface is un- dulating ; soil, clay, and gravelly and calcareous loam. Drained by Ellicott's cr., and tributaries of Tonawanda cr. It has 4 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,495. 15 sch. 702 scholars. Pop. 2,653. New Store, p o., Buclungham co., Va., 75 w. Richmond, 165 W. New Sweden, p-v.. An Sable t., Clinton co., N. Y., 135 N. Albany, 530 W. Situated on the N. side of Au Sable r., and contains 2 stores, 1 forge, 5 saw m., 40 dwellings, and about 250 in- habitants. Newton, county, Ga. Situated in the central part of the state, and contains 460 square miles. Drained by Yellow and Alcopahatchee rivers, branches of Ocmulgee r., which flows on its s. w. border. Capital, Covington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,031, sheep 4,212, swine 17,233 ; wheat 46,222 bushels produced, rye 901, Indian corn 465,329, oats 26,373, potatoe.s 13,990, tobacco 747 pounds, cotton 4,115,635 ; 26 stores, cap. $62,000 ; 7 lumber yards, cap. $9,230 ; 1 cotton fac. 396 sp., 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 4 flouring m., 12 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $53,641. 1 acad. 25 students, 1 sch. 30 schol- ars. Pop. whites 7,890, slaves 3,720, free col'd 18: total, 11,623. Newton, county. Miss. Situated a little s. E. of the centre of the state, and contains 510 sq. miles. Drained by head branches of Cliicka- sawha r. Capital, Decatur. There were in 1810, neat cattle 9,316, sheep 1,337, swine 14,120 ; wheat 1,924 bushels produced, Ind. corn 95,751, potatoes 10,312, rice 1,670 pounds, cotton 273,892 ; 1 tannery, 6 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 college, 2 sch. 43 scholars. Pop. whites 1,980, slaves 546, free col'd 1 ; total, 2,527. Newton, county. Mo. Situated in the s. w. corner of the state, and contains 1,150 sq. miles. Drained by branches of Neosho river. Capital, Neosho. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,324, sheep 3,721. swine 17,290; wheat 6,151 bushels produced, Ind. corn 261,116, oats 5,918, potatoes 9,561, tobacco 9,170 pounds, cotton 1,533, sugar 1,752 ; 12 stores, cap. $23,440 ; 4 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 6 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $8,950. 6 sch. 114 scholars. Pop. whites 3,616, slaves 169, free col'd 5 ; total, 3,790. Newton, p-t., Middlesex co., 3Iass., 7 w. Bos- ton, 433 W. It lies on a bend of Charles river, which bounds it on 3 sides, and furnishes ex- tensive water power, having 2 falls, at each of which is a v. Incorporated in 1691. The v. at the Upper Falls contains 2 churches — 1 Bap- tist and 1 Methodist — a nail fac, rolling m. and machine shop, and about 70 dwellings. The r. descends 35 feet in half a mile, and, in one place, fiills over a ledge of rocks 20 feet high. The v. at the Lower Falls is 2 ms. n. w., lies partly in Need- ham, and contains 1 Episcopal church, 5 paper m., and about 50 dwellings. The Boston and Worcester railroad passes through it. The Nev^'- ton Theological Seminary, under the direction of tlie BaptisLs, was founded in this town in 1825, and has a brick edifice 85 feet long, 49 wide, and 3 stories high, which cost about ,$10,000; 3 houses for professors, and a mansion house for boarding the students. It has 3 professors, 33 students, 137 graduates, and 4,000 vols, in its libraries. There are in the t. 15 stores, cap. ,$29,630 ; 1 cotton fac. 5,712 sp., 3 paper fac, 2 grist ni. Cap. in manufac. $318,000. 4 acad. 114 students, 11 schools, 509 scholars. Pop. 3,351. Newton, p-t., capital of Sussex co., N. J., 70 N. Trenton, 233 W. The surface is hilly on the \. w. and on the s. E., and level in the centre. Watered by Paulinskill. The borough or p v. is situated on the Paulinskill, has several streets, with a large public square in the centre, on which stands the court house, jail, and county offices. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 1 acadeniy and 1 high school, a bank, a lyceum, a public library, 8 stores, 2 printing offices, each issuing a w eek- ly newspaper, about 150 dwellings, and 900 iii- NEW 464 NEW habitants. The court house was built in 1765. The Eoispopal church has a valuable glebe farm of 100 acres near the v. There are in the t. 15 stores, cap. $5-<,000; 1 furnace, 1 fulhng m.,2 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, "2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 5 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $91,325. 3 acad. 01 stu- dents, 15 sch. 537 scholars. Pop. 3,S57. Newto.v, t., Gloucester co., N. J., 6 n. e. Woodbury. The .surface is level ; soil, sandy, covered extensively with yellow pine ; the cul- tivated parts are devoted to the raising of vege- tables for market. Watered by Cooper's and Newton creeks. It contains 2 villages. There are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $35,400 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 3 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $21,190. 3 acad. 155 students, 5 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 1,S63. Newton, t., Cumberland co., Pa., 16 w. Car- lisle. The surface is level; soil, calcareous loam. Yellow Breeches cr. rises in Big pond on its w. border, and flows through it. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 2 commission houses, cap. $9,000; 1 furnace, 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,250. 7 sch. 317 scholars. Pop. 1,499. Newton, t., Delaware co.. Pa., 14 n. w. Phil- adelphia. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Wa- tered by Crum and Darby creeks. It has 3 store.«, cap. $13,000; 1 tannery, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,000. 5 sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 752. Newton, t., Miami co., O. It has 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac $1,300. 6 sch. 293 scholars. Pop. 1,242. Newton, p-t., Muskingum co., O., 60 e. Co- lumbus, 345 W. It contains 3 churches, and has 2 or 3 salt works. It has 15 sch. 522 scholars. Pop. 2,568. Newto.n, t.. Licking co., O. It has 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 1,247. Newton, t., Pike co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,000; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $260. 4 sch. 74 scholars. Pop. 326. Newton, p-t., Calhoun co., Mich., 114 w. De- troit, 579 W. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,050. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 235. Newton, p-v., capital of Jasper co.. 111., 130 s. E. Springfield, 707 W. Situated on the w. side ■of Embarrass r., and contains 1 Baptist church, 2 stores, and about 150 inhabitants. Newton C'entre, p-v., Newton t., Middlesex CO., Mass., 7 w. Boston, 431 W. It contains 2 churches— 1 Baptist and 1 Congregational — and a theological semmary. (See Newton.) Newton Falls, p-v., Newton t., Trumbull CO., O., 162 n. e. Columbus, 311 W. Situated on the Pennsylvania and Ohio canal, at the junc- tion of the 2 branches of the i\Iahoning r., which afford good water power. It contains 2 churches, 4 stores, 3 warehouses, 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 2 woollen fac, 1 paper m., and about 450 inhabit- ants. Iron ore is found in the vicinity. Newton H.\milton, p-o., Mifflin co.. Pa., 82 N. w. Harrisburg, 140 W. Newton Lower F.\lls, p-v., Newton t., Mid- dlesex CO., Mass., 11 w. Boston, 429 W. Situ- ated mostly on the e. side of Charles r., and has an Episcopal church and 5 paper fac. Newton's Corners, p-o., Northampton t., Fulton CO., N. Y., 51 s. w. Albany, 420 W. Newton Upper Falls, Newton t., Middlesex CO., Mass., 9 w. Boston, 429 W. Situated on the E. side of Charles r. It has 2 churches — 1 Bap- tist and I Methodist — 2 cotton fac, and 1 iron worka. Newtown, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 30 s. E. Concord, 474 W. It contains a large pond on its N. w. border. The soil is fertile. First settled in 1720. Here was formed the first Baptist church in the state. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,100. Cap. in manufac. $2,500. 3 sch. 195 scholars. Pop 541. Newtown, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 62 s. w Hartford, 293 W. The surface is elevated and hilly ; soil, gravelly loam, and fertile. Watered by Potatuck r., a branch of the Housatonic. The borough is on elevated ground, chiefly on one street, 80 rods long, and contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 4 stores, and about 40 or 50 dwellings. Sandy Hook, another v., is U mile n. e., on the Pota- tuck r., where is a good water power, and various mills and manufactories, and about 50 dwellings. The t. contains 5 churches — 2 Episcopal, 1 Con- gregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. It has 16 stores, cap. $46,900 ; 3 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 3J0 sp., 3 tanneries, 6 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $70,100. 2 acad. 45 students, 18 sen. 583 scholars. Pop. 3,189. Newtown, p-t., Queens co., N. Y., 152 s. Al- bany, 232 W. The surface is, in some parts, uneven and stony ; soil, sand and clay loam, well cultivated, and particularly adapted to fruit. Bounded n. by the East r. and Long Island sound. Drained by Newtown cr. The v. contams 4 churches — 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episcopal, and 2 Methodist — a town house, 4 stores, 80 dwell- ings, and about 500 inhabitants. There are in the t. 10 stores, cap. $22,500; 2 lumber yards, cap. $3,500; 1 woollen fac, 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $98,900. 1 acad. 55 students, 10 sch. 466 scholars. Pop. 5,054. Newtown, p-t., Bucks co.. Pa., 20 n. e. Phila- delphia, lis E. Harrisburg, 160 W. The surface is level ; soil, a fertile clay loam, and well culti- vated. Drained by Newtown cr., a branch of Ne- shaminy cr., which affords water power. The borough is on Newtown cr.,and contains 1 Pres- byterian and 1 Friends church, 2 stores, and about 100 dwellings. It was formerly the capital of the CO. A large number of excellent carriages are manufactured here. There are in the t. 1 store, cap. $1,200; 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,235. 1 acad. 50 students, 6 sch. 436 scholars. Pop. 1,414. Newtown, t., Delaware co.. Pa., 14 n. w. Philadelphia. The surface is hilly; soil, loam. Drained by Crum and Darby creeks. The v., at the centre, contains a church. It has 3 stores, cap. $13,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $7,OJ0. 5 sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 752. Newtown, p-v., Worcester co., 3id., 126 s. e. Annapolis, 166 W. Newtown, p-v.. King and Queen co., Va., 33 e. n. e. Richmond, 106 W. Situated 3 ms. n. of Mattapony r. It contains 1 Reformed Baptist or Campbellite church, 1 male seminary, 2 stores, 20 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. Newtown, p-v., Scott co., Ky., 25 e. by n. Frankfort, 518 W. Newtown, p-v., Anderson t., Hamilton co., O., 119 s. w. by w. Columbus, 490 W. Situated on the E. side of Little 3Iiami r., and contains 1 church, 1 steam m., 1 distillery, and about 30 dwe'lmgs. There are 4 flouring m. within 2 ms. Newtown, p-v.. Fountain co., la., 63 w. n. vv. Indianapolis, 634 W. Newtown, p-v.. Hinds co., Miss., 10 s. Jack- son, 1,020 W. Newtown, cr., rises in Newtown, Queens co., N. Y., and flows into the East r., opposite to the city of New York. NEW 465 NEW Newtown SauARE, p-v., Delaware co.. Pa., 90 E. s. E. riarrislnirg, 132 W. It contains a church, a store, and 5 or 6 dwellings. jNewtow.n" STEi'nE.\SBURii,(i-v., Frederick co., Va., ]54 N. N. w. Richmond, 82 W. It contains 2 churches — 1 Methodist, and 1 common to Lu- therans and German Ke. formed — 2 stores, H tan- iierie.s, about 100 dwellings, and 700 inhabitants. New Trento.n', p-v., Whitewater t., Franklin CO., la., 81 E. s. E. Indianapolis, 516 W. It con- tains 3 stores, and about 250 inhabitants. New Tripoli, p-v., Linn t., Lehigh co.. Pa., 86 e. x. e. Harrisburg, I7S VV. Situated on a branch of 3Iaiden cr. New Utrecht, p-t.. Kings co., N. Y., 7 s. N. York, 1-51 s. by w. Albany, '^31 W. The surface is slightly hilly on the n., but elsewhere level ; soil, light sand or loam. It occupies the extreme w. end of Long Island, being separated from ytalen Island by the " Narrows." It contains 1 Dutch Re.'brmed church, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 175 inhabitants. One mile w. is the " Bath House," much re-sorted to during the sum- mer season as a waternig place. It has 4 stores, cap. Siy,500. Cap. in manufac. $9,200. 1 acad. 35 students, 2 sch. 107 scholars. Pop. 1,2S3. New Verxon, p-o.. Mount Hope t.. Orange co., N. v., 105 s. s. w. Albany, 28J W. New Vernon, p-v., Morris co., N. J., 49 n. Trenton, 220 W. New Vienx.\, p-o., Clinton co., O. New Village, p-v., Brookhaven t., Suffolk CO., N. Y., 198 s. s. E. Albany, 278 W. It h is a Methodist church, 1 store, and several dwellings. New Village, pv., Greenwich t., Warren co., N. J., 54 N. N. w. Trenton, 205 W. Situated on the Morris canal, and contains 1 store and about 12 dwellings. Newville, p-v., Danube t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 66 w. N. w. Albany, 389 W. It contains 1 church, 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 tannery, 1 clothier's works, 30 dwellings, and about 2-)0 inhabitants. Newville, p-b., Newton t., Cumberland co.. Pa., 3 J s. w. Harrisburg, 113 W. Situated on Big Spring cr. Incorporated in 1817. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Associate Reformed church ; 11 stores, capital .S15,S00; 1 lumber yard, capital $1,000 ; 2 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $20,950. 2 sch. 130 scholars. Pop. 654. Newville, p-o., Sussex co., Va., 46 s. s. E. Richmond, 165 W. Newville, p-v., Worthington t., Richlan37, Batavia; Hajiiltox, 1,907, Lake Pleasant; Herkimer, 37,477, Herkimer; Jeffersox, 60,984, 59 NEW 466 NEW Watertown; Lewis, 17,830, Martinsburg ; Livingston, 35,140, Geneseo : Madison, 40,003, Mor- risville; Monroe, 64,902, Rochester; Montgomery, 35,818, Canajoharie; Niagara, 31,132, Lockport ; Oneida, 85,310, Utica, Rome, Whitestown; Onondaga, 67,911, Syracufe ; Ontario, 43,501, Canandaigua ; Orleans, 25,127, Albion; Oswego, 43,619, Oswego, Pulaski; Otsego, 49,628, Cooperstown ; Rensellaer, 60,295, Troy ; Saratoga, 40,553, Ballston ; Schenectady, 17,387, Selienectady ; Schoharie, 32,358, Schoharie ; Seneca, 24,874, Ovid, Waterloo ; St. Law- rence, 56,706, Canton; Steuben, 46,138, Bath; Tioga, 20,527, Owego; Tompkins, 37,948, Itha- ca ; Warren, 13,422, Caldwell; Washington, 41,080, Salem, Sandy Hill; Wayne, 42,057, Lyons ; Yates, 20,444, Penn Yan ; Columbia, 43,252, Hudson ; Dutchess, 52,393, Poughkeep- sie; Greene, 30,446, Cat.skill ; Kings, 47,613, Brooklyn; New York, 312,710, New York; Orange, 50,739, Goshen, Newburg ; Putnam, 12,825, Carmel ; Queens, 30,324, North Hempstead ; Richmond, 10,965, Richmond; Rockland, 11,975, Clarkstown ; Suffolk, 32,469, Riverhead; Sullivan, 15,629, Monticello ; Ulster, 45,822, Kingston ; Westchester, 43,636, Bedford, White Plains. These counties are divided into 807 townsliips, including 9 cities, and 125 incorporated villages. The capital of the state is Albany, on the w. bank of the Hudson r., 145 ms. n. of New York. Tlds state has a great variety of surface. Two chains of highlands, rising in some parts to moun- tains, pass along the eastern part of the state, and may be regarded as a continuation of the eastern chain of the Alleghanies. One of these, coming from New Jersey, crosses the Hudson near West Point, constituting what are called the Highlands, and passing northward, separates the waters which fall into the Hudson from those which fall into Long Island sound. The other, and prin- cipal range, comes from Pennsylvania, and forms the Catskill mountains, and proceeding n. crosses the Mohawk, and forms, in the n. e. part of the state, opposite to Lake Champlain, some high summits called the Adirondack moimtains. The highest peak of the Catskill mountains is Round Top, 3,804 feet high. Pine Orchard, 2,274 ft. high, back of Catskill, has a fine hotel, which is much fre- quented in the summer season, and which embraces a prospect 70 miles in extent, including the Hudson river, whitened with sails, and skirted in the distance by tlie lofty Green mountains. The highest summits west of Lake Champlain, are Whiteface, about 5,000, and Mount Marcy, 5,460 feet high. The country in the eastern part of the state is generally hilly, where it is not mountainous. In the western part of the state it is level, excepting in the s. toward the Pennsylvania line, where it becomes uneven and rough. The soil is generally good, and in some parts exceedingly fertile. The eastern part is best adapted to grazing, and the western to grain. Wheat, Indian com, grass, rye, barley, oats, buckwheat, and potatoes are raised in great quantities. Beef and pork, butter and cheese, horses and cattle, pot and pearl ashes, flax seed, peas, beans, and lumber, form exten- sive articles of export. Apples, pears, plums, and peaches, succeed well in difTerent parts of the state. In this state there were in 1840, 474,543 horses and mules ; 1,911,244 neat cattle ; 5,118,777 sheep; 1,900,065 swine; poultry to the value of $1,153,413. There were produced 12,286,418 bushels of wheat ; 2,520,060 of barley ; 20,675,847 of oats ; 2,979,323 of rye ; 2,287,885 of buck- wheat ; 10,972,286 of Indian corn ; 9,845,295 pounds of wool ; 447,250 of hops ; 30,123,614 bushels of potatoes ; 3,127,047 tons of hay ; 1,735 pounds of silk cocoons ; 10,048,109 pounds of sugar. The products of the dairy amounted to $10,496,021 ; and of the orchard to $1,701,935; of lumber to $3,891,302. There were produced 6,799 gallons of wine ; and of pot and pearl ashes 7,613 tons ; tar, pitch, turpent'ne, &c., 402 barrels. The climate of New York is various. The winters on the seacoast are mild, but changeable. In the N. E. part they are severe, but more uniform. In the extensive level country w. of the mountains, the climate is more mild than in the same latitude in the e. The principal rivers are the Hudson, 324 miles long, navigable for sloops 156 miles to Troy, and enters into New York bay, and thence into the Atlantic; the Mohawk, 135 miles long, which en- ters the Hudson a little above Troy ; the Genesee, 125 miles long, and enters Lake Ontario, having at Rochester, 5 miles from its mouth, two falls of 96 and 75 feet, furnishing many of the finest mill seats ; Black river, which rises near the sources of the Hudson, and flows 120 miles hito Lake Ontario ; the Saranac, 65 miles long, enters Lake Champlain at Plattsburgh ; the Oswe- gatchie flows 100 miles, into the St. Lawrence ; the Oswego proceeds 40 miles, from Oneida lake into Lake Ontario ; tlie Au Sable rises in the Adirondack mts., and after a course of 75 miles enters Lake Champlaui. The majestic St. Lawrence forms a part of the northern boundary of the state. The head branches of the Susquehanna, the Alleghany, and the Delaware, rise in this state. The state has a considerable number of lakes which lie wholly within it, besides Lake Ontario on the N., and Champlain on the e., which are but partly within it. Besides these, Lake George in the N. E., 33 ms. long and 2 broad, is a beautiful sheet of water, surrounded by the most pic- turesque scenery, and has an outlet into Lake Champlain. In the western part oi the state are Oneida lake, 20 ms. long and 3i wide; Skeneateles lake, 15 ms. long and 1 to li broad : Owasco lake, 11 ms. long and 1 to 2 broad ; Cayuga lake, 33 ms. long and 1 to 4 broad ; Seneca lake. 35 me. long and 2 to 4 broad ; Crooked lake, 18 ms. long and 1 to li broad ; Canandaigua lake, 14 ms. NEW 467 NEW long and 1 broad. These lakes all discharge their waters into Lake Ontario. In the extreme w. part of the state is Chautauque lake, 18 nis. long and 1 to 3 broad ; situated near Lake Erie, but dis- charging its waters s. into the Alleghany river. The islands of New York are — Long Island, 120 miles long from w. to e., and about 10 miles as its average breadth. It contains Kings, Queens, and Suffolk counties. Within the bays, at its E. part, are Fisher's Island, Shelter Island, Robins's Island, and some others. Staten Island, s. w. of the harbor of New York, is 13 miles long and 8 wide, and constitutes the county of Richmond. Manhattan Island, on which the City of New York stands, is 15 miles long, and about U wide at an average breadth, and contains the county of New York. Grand Island, in Niagara river, is 12 miles long, and from 2 to 7 wide, and extends to within Is miles of the falls. The harbor of New York city is one of the finest in the United States, and is on New York bay, which extends 8 miles above the Narrows, and is about 25 miles in circumference. It is safe, spa- cious, and accessible at all seasons of the year. On the bar, at Sandy Hook, it has a depth of from 21 to 27 feet, and is deeper above. The Hudson is navigable for large ships, about 130 miles to Hudson. Sag Harbor on the e., and Brooklyn on the w. end of Long Island, have good harbors. Sacketts Harbor has a good natural, and Oswego a good artificial harbor on Lake Ontario. Buf- falo and Dunkirk are harbors on Lake Erie. New York is the chief commercial ciiy of the state, and of the United States. Situated on ait island of the same name, it has a harbor on three sides ; and its facilities for commerce with all parts of the country and of the world, are unrivalled ; and in the amount of its shipping, it is second only to London. Brooklyn, on Long Island, opposite New York, must be regarded as an append-- age of the great city, though it has become itself a large city, being the second in population in the state, and the seventh in the Union. Albany, Rochester, Troy, Buffalo, and Utica, are large and flourishing cities. Pougldceepsie, Newburgh, Hudson, Cattskill, and Lansingburgh, on the Hudson ; Schenectady, on the Alohawk; Geneva, Syracuse, Auburn, Lockport, and Ithaca, in the w., and Plattsburgh in the n., are large and flourishing places. The commerce of New York greatly surpasses that of every other state in the Union. The ex- ports in 1840, were $34,264,080 ; and the imports were .$60,440,750. In the year 1840, there were 469 commercial and 1,044 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $49,533,001 ; 12,207 retail drygoods and other stores, wi'h a capital of $42,135,795; 9,592 persons engaged in the lumber trade, with a capital of $2,694,170; 7,593 per- sons engaged in internal transportation, and 804 butchers, packers, &c., the whole employing a capital of .$2,833,916; the fisheries employed 1,223 persons, and a capital of $949,250. The manufactures of New York are also extensive. Home-made or family goods were produced amounting to $4,635,517 ; 323 woollen manufactories, with 890 fulling mills, employing 4,636 per- sons, produced articles to the amount of $3,537,337, and employed a capital of $3,469,349; 117 cotton manufactories, with 211,659 spindles, employed 7,407 persons, and a capital of $4,900,772; 332 persons produced 2,867,884 bushels of salt, employing a capital of $5,601,000 ; 186 furnaces produced 29,038 tons of cast iron, and 120 forges, &c., produced 53,693 tons of bar iron, consumed 123,677 tons of fuel, employed 3,456 persons, and a capital of $2,103,418; 9 smelting houses pro- duced 670,000 pounds of lead, employing 333 persons, and a capital of $221,000; 77 paper mills produced articles to the amount of $673,121, and other paper manufactures produced $89,637, the whole employing 749 persons, and a capital of $703,550 ; hats and caps were manufactured to the amount of $2,914,117, and straw bonnets to the amount of $160,248, the whole employing 3,880 persons, and a capital of $1,676,559 ; 1,216 tanneries employed 5,579 persons, and a capital of $3,907,343; other leather manufactories, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the value of $6,232,924, and employed a capital of $2,743,765 ; 13 glass houses and 11 glass cutting establish- ments, employed 498 persons, produced articles to the amount of $411,371, and employed a capital of $204,700 ; 47 potteries employed 197 persons, producing articles to the amomit of $159,292, and employed a capital of $88,450; machinery was produced to the amount of $2,895,517, employing 3,631 persons; hardware and cutlery employed 962 persons, and produced articles to the value of $1,566,974; 112 cannon and 8,308 small-arms were manufactured by 203 persons, to the value of $1,106,203; 1,713 persons manufactured the precious metals to the amount of $1,106,203; 1,447 persons manufactured granite and marble to the amount of $966,220 ; 489 persons manufactured 11,939,831 pounds of soap, 4,029,783 pounds of tallow candles, and 533,000 pounds of spermaceti candles, with a capital of $618,875 ; 669 persons manufactured tobacco to the amount of $831,570, with a capital of $3J5,530 ; 212 distilleries produced 11,973,815 gallons, and 83 breweries produced 6,059,122 gallons, the whole employing 1,486 persons, and a capital of $3,107,066: 4,710 persons manufactured carriages and wagons to the amount of $2,364,461, with a capital of $1,485,023; 338 flouring mills manufactured 1,861,385 barrels of fllour, and with other mills produced articles to the amount of 16,953,280, employing 10,807 persons, and a capital of $14,648,814 ; sliips were built to the amount of $797,317 ; furniture was manufactured to the amount of $1,971,776, employing 3,660 persons, and a capital of $1,610,810; 3,160 persons produced bricks and lime to the amount of NEW 468 NEW $1,198,527 ; 1,233 brick and 5,198 wooden lious-es were built by 16,768 persons, and cost $7,265,844 ; 321 printing offices, and 107 binderies, 34 daily, 13 semi-weekly or triweekly, and 19 S weekly newspapers, and 57 periodicals, employed 3,231 persons, and a capital of $1,876,540. Tlie whole amount of capital employed in manufactures in 1840, was $55,252,779. This state has a number of respectable literary institutions. Columbia College (formerly King's) was founded in New York in 1754, and is conducted by the Episcopalians ; Union College, at Schenectady, was founded in 1795 ; Hamilton College, in Clinton, was founded in 1812 ; Geneva College, conducted by the Episcopalians, wa.s founded in Geneva, in 1S23; the University of the City of New York, was founded in 1S31. The Hamilton Literary and Theological Seminary was founded in Hamil- ton, by the Baptists, in 1819. The Theological Institute of the Episcopal Church, was founded by the Episcopalians, in New York, in 1819 ; the New York Theological Seminary, connected with the University, was founded by the Presbyterians, in 1836 ; the Theological Seminary, at Auburn, was founded by the Presbyterians, in 1821 ; the Hartwick Seminary, at Hartwick, in Otsego county, was founded by the Lutherans, in 1816 ; the Theological Seminary of the Associate Re- formed Church was founded at Newburg, in 1836 ; the College of Physicians and Surgeons in the city of New York, was founded in 1807 ; the Albany Medical College, was founded in 1839. All these institutions hud in 1840, 1,2S5 students; besides, there were in the state, 505 academies, with 34,715 students, and 10,593 common and primary schools, with 502,367 scholars, and 44,452 per- sons over 20 years of age who could neither read nor write. Of the religious denominations in 1838, the Presbyterians and Congregationalists had 564 mini.s- ■ter.s, and 86,000 communicants; the Baptists had 483 ministers, and 67,183 communicants; the JVleth.odists had 591 ministers, and 30,700 communicants; the Dutch Reformed, 142 ministers, and 15,800 communicants ; the Episcopalians had 207 ministers, and about 10,000 communicants ; the Associate Reformed had 30 ministers ; the Lutherans 27 ; the Roman Catholics 32 ; the Univer- salists 25 ; the Unitarians 8 ; besides a few others. There were in the state Jan. 1st, 1840, 96 banks, with an aggregate capital of $36,801,460, and a circulation of $10,629,514. A number of these banks have recently been discontinued. At the close of 1810, the state debt amounted to $20,165,254. The state lias 2 penitentiaries ; one at Sing Sing, on the Hudson river, and the other at Auburn ; the latter is regarded as a model for such institutions. The present constitution of the state government was adopted in 1821. The legislature consists of a senate composed of 32 members, elected by the people, one fourth of whom are renewed every year ; and an assembly, of 128 members, chosen annually, by a universal suffrage of all male citizens over 21 years of age, except colored persons, who must have a freehold worth $250. The governor and lieutenant-governor are chosen for two years, by the people, by a plurality of votes. The chancellor and judges of the supreme court are chosen by the governor and senate, and hold their offices during good behavior, or until they are 60 years of age. New York has taken the lead of her sister states in the great works of internal improvement ; and her example and success have stimulated the other states to undertake their great works. The Erie canal was commenced in July, 1817, and completed in 1825. It extends from Albany to Buffalo, 363 miles, and cost originally $7,143,789. This sum will be more than doubled by the pres- ent widening of it. The Charnplain canal, from Albany to Whitehall, 79 miles, was carried on simultaneously, and cost $1,257,604. The Oswego canal, from Syracuse to Oswego, 38 miles, was completed in 132S, at a cost of $.565,437. The Cayuga and Seneca canal, from Montezuma to Geneva, 21 miles, was completed in 1823, at a cost of $236,804. The Chemung canal, extends from Elmira to Seneca lake, including a feeder to Painted Post, 39 miles, and cost $331,693. The Crooked Lake canal extends from Crooked lake to Seneca lake, 8 miles, and cost $156,776. Che- nango canal extends from Binghamton to Utica, 97 miles, and cost $2,270,605. The above are al! branches of the great Erie canal, and their united length is 655 miles; and the cost of the whole $11,962,711. The Black River canal extends from the Erie canal, at Rome, to the foot of the high falls in Leyden, on Black river, 35 miles, with a navigable feeder of 11 miles ; the cost, including the improvement of the navigation of the river, 40 miles, to Carthage, $1,068,437. The Genesee and Alleghany canal extends from Rochester to Olean. on the Alleghany, 107 miles, with a branch of 15 miles, estimated to cost $2,002,285. The Delaware and Hud.^-on canal commences at Eddy- ville, on the Rondout creek, near the Hud.son, and reaches to Honesdale, on the Lackawaxen river, passing to, and through Delaware river, J09 miles, and cost $2,231,320. Many railroads have been projected in the state, and the following have been completed. The Harlem railroad extends from New York to Fordham, 12 miles ; the Long Island railroad extends from Brooklyn to Suffolk station, 41 miles, to be continued through the island to Greenport; the Hudson and Berkshire railroad extends from Hudson to West Stockbridge, 33 miles ; the Catskill and Canajoharie railroad, to connect the two places, 78 miles, partly completed ; the Rensselaer and Saratoga railroad extends from Troy to Ballston, 23 miles; the Mohawk and Hudson railroad connects Albany and Schenectady, 16 miles ; the Saratoga and Schenectady, 31i miles, connects NEW 469 NEW the two places ; the Utica and Schenectady connects these places, 77 miles; the Syracuse and Utica continues this road 53 miles w., to Syracuse ; the Syrai-UisC and Auburn railroad continues this road to Auburn, 26 miles ; the Auburn and Rochester railroad continues it 80 miles w., to Rochester. The Towanda railroad connects Rochester and Attica, 45 miles, and is now bein" con- tinued to Buffalo. Buffalo and Niagara Falls railroad connects the two places, 23 miles. Lockport and Niagara Falls railroad connects these places, 20 miles. Ithaca and Owego railroad joins the two place.«, 2J miles; the Rochester railroad extends from Rochester to Port Genesee, 3 miles ; Bath railroad extends from Bath to Crooked lake, 5 miles ; Port Kent and Keesville railroad connects the two places, 4^ miles. The New York and Erie railroad is one of the greatest undertakings of the kind in the world. It commences at Piermont, 22 miles above New York, on the Hudson, and is to extend through the southern counties of the slate, 353 miles, to Dunkirk, on Lake Erie. The estimated cost of the work is $5,473,000. This road is completed and in operation to Goshen, 45 miles from Piermont, and other sections of it are completed or in great progress. Hudson river and the island of Manhattan, now New York, were discovered by Henry Hudson, an Englishman, in the service of the Dutch. The first permanent settlement was made by the Dutch, on Manhattan island, in 1614. In 1664, the English, under Richard Nichols, took the coun- try for the Duke of York ; and by the peace of Breda, in 1667, the Dutch confirmed the colony to the English. In 1673, an expedition from Holland took the city of New York, and soon after the whole colony submitted. The following year the country was restored by the treaty of We.st- minister, and the Duke of York took out a new patent. The first legislative assembly of the province met in October, 1683. In 1693, Episcopacy was made the established religion of the province. The inhabitants of New Y'ork bore an important part in the French war, and in the war of the revolution. In September, 1776, the British captured and occupied New Y'ork, and held possession of it until the peace, in 1783. On the 26th of July, 1788, this state, in convention, adopt- ed the constitution of the United States — yeas 30 ; nays 25 ; majority, 5. New York, city, the principal city of the state of New York, and in population, commerce, and wealth, the largest city of the United States, is situated on the s. end of New York or Manhattan island, at the conlluence of the Hudson or North river, and a strait called the East river, which connects Long Island sound with the harbor of jNew York. The City Hall is in 40° 42' 40" n. !at., and 71° 1' 8" w. Ion. from Greenwich; and 2° 51' E. Ion. from Washington. It is 86 ms. n. E. from Philadelphia; 210 s. w. from Boston; 225 N. E. from Washington ; 670 n. e. from Charleston, S. C. ; 1,3)7 n. e. from New Orleans ; 145 s. from Albany ; 372 s. from iMontreal. The population in 1790, was 33,131 ; in 1800, 60,489; in lolO, 96,373 ; in 1820, 123,706 ; in 1830, 202,5 S9 ; in 1840, 312,710. Employed in commerce, 1 1,365 ; in manufectiires and trades, 43,390; in navigating the ocean, 2,7"*6 ; do. rivers, lakes, and canals, 716 ; learned professions and engineers, 2,929. The city and county have the .same limits, comprising the whole island, which extends from the Battery, on the s., 13i miles, to Kingsbridge. on the N'., with an average width of 1 mile and three fiftlis. 'J'lie greatest breadth is 2 miles and one eighth, and the area of the whole island about 14,000 acres. It is separated from the main land, in Westchester county, by Harletn river, a strait through which the tide flows. The strait de- nontinatcd the East river, separates it from Long Island on the e. ; on th.e s. is the bay and harbor ; and on the w. is Hudson river, which separates it from New Jersey. Three bridges across Har- lem river connect the island with the main land. Several islands in the harbor, and in the East river, are attached to the city. The harbor of New York is safe and commo- dious, being about 25 miles in circumference, and ve.ssels of the largest size come up to the wharves at the city. The entrance over the bar at Sandy Hook, has a depth of water from 21 to 27 feet ; and tlience to the city the channel is from 35 to 50 feet deep. The entrance to the harbor, between Staten Island, on the w., and Long Island, on t!ie e., is called the Narrows, which is about one third of a mile wide, and is , well defended by strong fortifications. There! are also batteries on Bedlow's and Ellis's islands, further up the harbor. There are strong fortifi- cations for the defence of the city on Governor's island, which contains 70 acres of ground, and is distant 3,200 feet from the city, at the Battery. Castle Williams, on the w. side of the island, is a round tower, 600 feet in circumference, and 60 feet high, with three tiers of guns. Fort Colum- bus is on the highest point of the island ; and on the E. side is a battery to defend the entrance through Buttermilk channel. A considerable United Stiites garrison occupies the island, on which are extensive barracks. The most elevated ground on the island of New York, is 238 feet above tidewater. The city which is built extends over three miles on each river, and in its compact parts has a circum- ference of about 9 .miles. The streets were originally laid out according to the surface of the ground, and some of them were crooked ; and, in imitation of European cities, many of them were narrow. But, in latter times, they have been widened and improved at a great expense ; and in the newer parts of the city, comprehending a large part of it, care has been taken to lay out the streets straight, regularly, and of sufficient widtli. Broadway, 80 feet wide, is the principal thoroughfare, and extends from the Battery, at the s., nearly 3 miles, to Union square, where it joins the Bloomingdale road and the 4th avenue, which extends through the island to Harlem. Broadway is entirely straight through its whole course, and occupies the height of land between the North and East rivers. Greenwich-street, near the North river, commences at the Battery, and runs parallel with the river, through the whole extent of the city. It is wide and hand- somely built. Pearl-street, between Broadway and the East river, is in a crescent form, over a mile in length, contains many spacious ware- houses, and IS the principal seat of the drygoods and hardware business, which has also extended into Cedar and Pine, and other adjacent streets. Front and Water streets, between Pf'arl-street and the East river, are occupied chiefly by whole- sale grocers, commission merchants, and mechan- ics connected with the sltipping business. Soutlu NEW 470 NEW street, extending along the margin of the East river, contains the warehouses and offices of the principal shipping merchants. Wall-slreet, ex- tendnig from Broadway to the East river, is occupied by banlvs, insurance offices, newspaper and hrokers' offices — has the Merchants' Ex- chance, and other fine granite buildings, and is the great centre of the heaviest money transac- tions in the country. The Bowery is a wide and exteii.sive street to the E. of Broadway, running N. and s., and connected with the Third avenue, which is macadamized to Harlem, and forms the great entrance to the city from the n. e. East Broadway, Henry, and Madison streets, in the N. E., and Bleecker, Bond, and other streets, in the N. part of the city, are beautifully built. Canal- street, much below the centre of population, half a mile n. of the City Hall, is a wide street, with a large canal under it, from which it receives its name, is occupied by stores, and is the seat of an extensive retail trade. It crosses Broadway near- ly at right angles, and extends to the North river. In the year I :!00, the site of this street was a large pond, extending nearly across the island, and which received the drainage of 400 acres of ground. This was the northern limit of Broad- way until 1801, and then far beyond the thickly settled parts of the city. The principal part of the shipping lies on the East river, and a walk along South-street presents a den.se forest of masts. Many vessels lie also in the North river; and there are continually not less probably than from 800 to 1,000 vessels lying at the wharves and in the harbor. New York is the second commercial city in the world, and in its harbor are generally to be found vessels, not only from the principal ports of the United States, but from most of the commercial nations on the globe. Its insular situation gives it a great ex- tent of harbor, and it is rarely ob.structed or much incommoded by ice. The tonnage of the port for tiie year 18 10, was 414,817. The amount of imports lor the year 1841, was $75,268,015 ; of exports, was $30,731,519. The amount of duties paid at the port, was $10,802,119. Two lines of steamships connect New York — one with Liverpool, and the other with Southampton, Eng- land, and Antwerp, Belgium. • Besides these, several lines of packets connect it with London, Liverpool, and Havre. The New York and Liverpool line consists of 20 ships of the first class, with a large capacity for freight, and elegant accommodations for passengers ; and one vessel sails from each place every sixth day. The New York and London packets consist of 12 large ship.?, one of which sails from each place every ten days. One line of the New York and Havre packets consists of 12 ships of the first class, one of which sails from each place every eight days ; another line, of 6 ships, sails from each place monthly. Lines are also established to ail the important ports on the coast of the United States, and many of them are steamboat lines. There are also lines to some ports in the West Indies, in Mexico, and in South America. The foreign arrivals in New York in 1841, were 2,118; the number of passengers was 57,334. The passen- gers from domestic ports by sea were 8,9.iO. The most splendid public building in the city is the Merchants' Exchange, in Wall-street, though its confined situation does not exhibit it to advantage. It covers the whole space between Wall, William, Exchange, and S. William streets — is constructed of blue Quincy granite, and is 200 feet long by 171 and 141 feet wide, and 77 feet high to the top of the cornice, and 124 feet to the top of the dome. The front, on Wall-slreet, has a recessed portico of 13 massive columns, 33 feet high and 4 feet 4 inches in diameter, each from a solid block of stone, and weighing 43 tons. Besides numerous other rooms, the exchange in the centre is in a circular form, HO feet in diame- ter, with 4 recesses, making the whole length and breadth 100 feet, 80 feet higli, and surmo\int- ed by a dome, resting in part upon 8 Corinthian columns of Italian marble, 41 feet high, and light- ed by a sky-light, 25 feet in diameter. I'he whole cost of this building, including the ground, is es- timated at $1,800,000. Not less splendid is the ('ustom House, built of white marble, of the Doric order, something after the model of the Parthenon, at Athens. It occupies the site of the old city hall, in the open gallery of which Wash- ington was inaugurated as first president of the United States. It is 200 feet long, 90 feet wide, and 80 feet high. Each of the n. and s. fronts has a portico of 8 cohmins, 5 feet 8 inches in di- ameter, and 32 feet high. The great business hall is a splendid circular room, of 60 feet in diameter, with recesses and galleries. Exclusive of the ground on which it stands, and of its furni- ture, it cost $950,000. The entire cost, including the ground, is estimated at $1,175,000. Both the above buildings are entirely incombustible. The City Hall, heretofore regarded as much the finest building in the city, is more beautifully situated than any other, in the middle of the Park, where it shows to great advantage. It has more ornament than either the exchange or cus- tom house, but less simple grandeur. It is, how- ever, unquestionably one of the finest buildings in the United Stales. It is 216 feet long and 105 broad, and has the Ionic, Corinthian, and com- posite orders rishig in regular gradation. The front and both ends above the basement are built of white marble ; the rear of brown freestone. Rising from the middle of the roof is a handsome cupola, oa the top of which is a colossal figure of Justice. There are some splendid rooms in the interior. The edifice cost $533,731. A large brick building in the rear of the city hall, is oc- cupied with various public offices and courts, and by the hall of the American Institute, with its library and models of machinery. The Hall of Justice occupies the whole space between Leonard, Elm, Franklin, and Centre streets, and is a unique and beautiful building, of the Egyptian order of architecture, constructed of a light-colored granite. It has a court and other rooms ; and connected with it, in the rear, is the House of Detention. The Hall of the University of New York, in the upper part of the city, on Washington square, is a splendid building, of Gothic architecture, 180 feet long by 100 feet wide, so situated as to appear to great advantage. Columbia College is a handsome building, finely situated in the lower part of the city. Trinity Church, on Broadway, tronting Wall-street, will, when completed, be the most complete and splendid Gothic structure in the United States. St. Paul's Episcopal Church, in Broadway, with a steeple 234 feet high ; and St. John's Episcopal Church, on St. John's square, with a steeple 210 feet high, possess fine propor- tions and elegant arciiitecture. The Dutch Church, on Washington square, is a splendid Gothic building. Many other churches, as the French Protestant Church, in Franklin- street; St. Patrick's Cathedral, in Prince-street; the Society Library, Gothic Hall, and St. Thom- as's Episcopal Church, in Broadway, and the Baptist Church, m Broome-street, are imposing buildings. Among the hotels, several of which are fina NEW 471 NEW buildings, the Astor House, iu Broadway, is the most distinguished. It is built of Quincy granite, and contains 390 rooms. It is said by travellers, that there is notliing of the kind, in London or Paris, which equals it. Among the public places, those most worthy of notice are the Battery, a beautiful public ground, on the .s. pohit of the island, in the form of a crescent, containing 11 acres ; the Park, in tlie centre of the lower part of the city, contain- ing lOi acres, laid out with walks, shaded with trees, and surrounded with a neat iron fence, which cost $15,653. It is ornamented by a large and splendid ibuntain, supplied by the Croton water. St. John's square, iu the w. part of the city, containing 4 acres, beautifully laid out with walks and trees, and surrounded by an elegant iron fence, which cost $"26,000 ; Wasliington Square, U mile n. of the city hall, containing 91 acres, which spreads before the New York Uni- versity ; Union Square, with a beautiful elliptical enclosure, at the termination of Broadway on the N., and ornamented by an elegant fountain, sup- plied by the Croton water. Several other squares exist in the n. part of the city, not yet fully regu- lated. A large number of the streets, stores, and other buildings of the city are lighted with gas. The expense of gas and lamps in 1810, was !pl20,676; of city watch, was $:223,950 ; and of cleaning the streets, S14y,'J31. The most splendid and expensive public work undertaken by the city, is the Croton water- works. The aqueduct commences at the Croton river, 5 ms. from Hudson r. in Westcliester co. The dam is "250 feet long, 70 wide at bottom, and 7 at top, and 40 feet high, built of stone and ce- ment. It creates a pond 5 ms. long, covering 400 acres, and contains 500 millions ol gallons of water. From the dam, the aqueduct proceeds, sometimes tunnelling through solid rocks, cross- ing valleys by embankments, and brooks by cul- verts, until it reaches Harlem r., a distance of 33 ms. It is built of stone, brick, and cement, arched over and under, 6 feet 'J inches wide at bottom, 7 feet 5 inches at the top of the side- walls, and 8 feet 5 inches high, has a descent of 13k inches per mile, and will discharge 60 mil- lions of gallons in 24 hours. It will cross Harlem r. on a magnificent bridge of stone, 1,450 feei long, with 14 piers, 8 of 8J feet span, and 7 of 50 feet span, 114 feet from high tidewater to the top, and which will cost $yoO,oOO. This bridge is in progress, and for the present the water is brought across the r. in an iron pipe, laid as an inverted syphon. The receiving reservoir is at 86th st., 38 ms. from the Croton dam, and covers 35 acres, and contains 150 millions ol gallons. The water is conveyed to the distributing reservoir on Mur- ray's hili, 40th street, in iron pipes. It covers 4 acres, and is built of stone and cement, 43 feet high above the street, and hold.s 20 millions of gallons. Thence the water is distribuicd over the city in iron pipes, laid so deep under ground as to be secure from frost. The whole cost ot the work will be about i§12,000,i«)0. The water is of the finest kind of river water. ^lO city in the world is now more plentifully supplied wi;h pure j and wholesome water than the city of N. York; and the supply would be abundant, if the popu- lation were five times its present number. The Harlem railroad extends from the City Hall through Centre-street to Broome-street ; turns at right angles to the Bowery, where it turns again nearly at right angles, and follows the Bowery to the 4th Avenue, on which it ex- tends to Harlem, 8 miles ; and it is continued several miles further to Fordham. A part of its course is a deep cut through solid rock, with a short tunnel and high embankments. It has a double track the whole length, and is the most expensive railroad, for the distance, in the United States. There are two colleges in the city. Columbia College, founded in 1750, has a president, 10 professors, about 140 students, and about 14,000 volumes in its libraries. The New York Uni- versity was founded in 1831, and has a chancel- lor, and 12 prolessors, about 125 students, and a valuable library and philosophical apparatus. The General Theological Seminary of the Epis- copal Church was established m 1819, has 5 pro- fessors, and 75 students, and 7,260 volumes in its library. Tlie New York Theological Semi- nary was organized in 1836, has three ordinary, and 4 extraordinary professors, lOS students, and a library of 16,000 volumes. The Public School Society had, in May, 1810, 16 schools, with male and female and primary departments ; and 46 primary schools, and 22,955 scholars. The Rut- gers Female Institute, in Madison-street, is a fiourishing institution, with over 450 pupils. The Mechanics' school, in Crosby-street, has 550 pupils. The Protestant Episcopal school is a llourishing institution. The College of Physicians and Surgeons, in the city of New i'orkin Crosby- street, was founded in 1807. The New York jEye Infirmary ; the New York Hospital, situated in Broadway, at the head of Pearl street ; and the New York Lunatic Asylum, are important insti- tutions ; as are tlie Ueaf and Dumb Asylum, near the Harlem railroad, between the 4ih and 5th Avenues, with 2J0 pupils, and the Institution for the Blind on the 8th Avenue, with 70 pupils. The New York Society Library, in a fine build- ing in Broadway, has 35,000 volumes ; the New York Historical Society has 10,000 volumes, with many coins and medals ; the Lyceum of Natural History has a library and museum ; the National Academy of Hesign, instituted in 1826, has pur- chased the statuary of the Academy of Fine Arts, which it will exhibit with its collection of the paintings of living artists ; Clinton Hall As- sociation was founded in 183J, for the promotion of literature, science, and the arts ; the Mercantile Library Association, for the special benefit of merchants' clerks, has a library of about 23,000 volumes, and an annual course of lectures through the winter; the Apprentices' Library, founded in 1820, has 12,000 volumes, read by 1,800 appren- tices ; the American Institute, incorporated in 1833, holds a splendid annual fair, and distri- butes premiums. The New York Lyceum, founded in 183S, has a respectable library and reading room, and sustains in the winter season a very able course of lectures. The American Bible Society, instituted in 1816, received for the year ending May 13th, 1841, $118,860; the American Tract Society, founded in 1816, received S9S,962. These societies have each a large building in Nassau- street. The Home Missionary Society received S85,413;the American Board of Comraissioner.s received $i35,18.>; the American and Foreign bible Society (Baptist) received $26,001 ; the Baptist Home 3Iissionary Society received !'ijl0,779. 3Iostof these societies hold an anniver- sary in N. Y'ork in May. The Methodists have a large and extensive book-concern. Tliere are many other religious and benevolent societies. There are 168 churches in the city of New Y'ork, viz : 13 Dutch Reformed, 2 Ge.man Re- ibrmed, 27 Episcopal, 24 Presbyterian, 3 Con- gregational, 3 Relorraed Presbyterian, 4 Asso- NEW 472 NEW ciate Reformed, 3 Associate churches, 18 Bap- 1 list, 1 Welch Baptist, 17 Methodist P^piscopal, 1 Ind. 31ethodist, 3 Associate Protestant Methodist, 2 Primitive Methodist, 1 Calvinistic Methodist, j I German Methodist, 3 Lutheran, 1 Moravian, ] 4 Friends, 3 Universalis!, "2 Unitarian, 1 Mariners, II Roman Catholic, 7 Jevss' Synagogues, 2 New Jerusalem, 1 Christ-ian, 1 Providence Chapel, 1 Congregation of Disciples, 1 Congregation of Priiaitive Christians, 1 Mormon or Latter-Day Saints, and 9 African, viz, 1 Episcopal, 2 Baptist, 2 Presbyterian, and 4 Methodist. There are in the city about 30 banks, with an aggregate capital of about $30,000,000 ; 10 marine msurance companies, with a capital of $3,800,000 ; 22 fire insurance companies, with a capital of $6,36a,OUO. There are 4 banks for savings. There were in 1840, in the city, 417 commercial houses and 918 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $45,'.)4 1,200 ; 3,620 retail drygoods and other stores, with a cap. of $14,648,5^.5 ; 61 lumber yards, with a cap. of $731,5110 ; 4 furnaces have a cap. of $23,0l»0 ; machinery manufactured to the amount of $1,150,000 ; hardware and cutlery, $135,300 ; precious metals, $932,760 ; of various metals, $1,087,800; 18 cotton fac. and 2 dyeing and printhig estab., with a cap. of $61,300; I spermaceti oil and candle fac, cap. $100,000; II distilleries and 15 breweries, with a total cap. of $575,076 ; paints, drugs, A:c., with a cap. of $648,650 ; 3 glass fac. and 6 glass culling estab., with a cap. of $53,000 ; 1 paper fac. ; 7 sugar refi- neries, produced articles to the value of .$385,000 ; rope walks, cap. $9,800 ; 2 grist m., 8 saw m., cap. $146,800 ; cabinet furniture to the amount of $916,675. There were built 542 brick and stone, and 59 wooden houses, to the value of $1,889,100; 113 prmthig offices, 43 binderies, 18 daily, 45 weekly, and 5 semi-weokly newspa- pers, and 28 periodicals, employed 2,029 persons, and a cap. of $1,235,320. Total capital in manu- fac. $11,228,894. There were 4 colleges, 430 students, 148 acad. or grammar sch., 7,207 schol- ars, 209 com. and primary schools, 32,867 schol- ars. The city has 6 theatres, 2 museums, and a large number of other places of amusement. Four steam ferries connect the city to Brooklyn, 3 to Williamsburg, 2 to Jersey City, and 3 to Hoboken ; in which places numbers of those doing business in the city, reside. Tliere are not more than 5 or 6 cities in Europe more populous than iNew York, viz : London, Paris, Constantinople, St. Petersburgh, Naples, and perhaps Vienna. The government of the city is in the hands of a mayor and common council. The city is di- vided into 17 wards, each of which elects an alderman, an assistant alderman, two assessors, one collector, and two constables. New York was settled in 1612 by the Dutch, and in 16;i3 they built a fort at the s. point of the island, and in 1642 a Dutch church within the fort. In 1664 the city was surrendered to the British. In 16!i8, the assessors" valuation of property in the whole city, was 78,231/. The British had possession of the city during most of the revolutionary war. They evacuated it Nov. 25th, 17i3, when the troops under Gen. Wash- ington entered it. The first congress met liere in 1765 ; and here Washington was inaugurated as first President in the United States, April 30th, 1739. The yellow fever prevailed in 1795 and 1305 ; and the cholera in 1832, when 2,467 persons died in July, and 2,206 in August. On tlxe night of December 16th, 1835, a dreadful fire swept over 40 acres, covered with stores filled with valuable merchandise, and destroyed pro- perly to the amount of nearly $18,000,000. The burnt district has been entirely rebuilt with in- creased convenience and beauty. New York, p-v., Switzerland co., la., 103 s. E. Indianapolis, 544 W. Situated on the N. bank of Ohio r., 8 ms. e. Vevay. New York Mills, p-v., Whitestown t., Oneida CO., N. Y., 96 w. N. w. Albany, 392 W. Situated on Sadaquada cr., which affords good water power, it contains 2 churches, 3 stores, a large cotton fac, with 2 extensive stone buildings, con- taining 400 looms, and with a dyeing and bleach- ing establishment, employing 400 persons. The buildings and machinery cost $275,000, and it is one of the most extensive establishments of the kind in the state. The v. contains 150 dwell- ings, and about 900 inhabitants. NiAGAR.\, county, N. Y. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 484 sq. ms. Lake Ontario bounds it on the n., and Niagara r. on the w. The country rises gradually from the lake shore, to the mountain ridge, from 7 to 12 ms. distant, and between this ridge and the lake is the Ridge road, 3 or 4 ms. n. of the mountain ridge, consisting of an arched surface, composed of sand and gravel, elevated 130 feet above the surface of the lake. Watered by Tonawanda cr. The surface on the s. is diversified ; soU, generally fertile, adapted to grass and to grain. Capital, Lockport. There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,752, sheep 40,531, swine 2-<,341; wheat 451,823 bush, produced, Ind. corn 15^,402, buck- wheat 13,578, barley 47,786, oats 215,591, pota- toes 283,6.(2, sugar 44,05J pounds; 123 stores, cap. $369,215; 2 lumberyards, cap. $:iOO; 1 fur- nace, 6 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, 2 distillerie, 2 breweries, 1 pottery, 5 liouriiig m., 9 grist m., 45 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $415,980. 7 acad. 5j6 students, 138 sch. 7,998 scholars. Pop. 31,132. Niagara, t., Niagara co., N. Y., 16 w. Lockport, 238 w. Albany. Tlie surface is undulating ; soil, calcareous, gravelly loam, underlaid wiih limestone and gyp^um. It is situated on the mountain ridge, and is bounded w. by Niagara r. It contains the grand Falls of Niagara, and Goat island, and some smaller islands in the r. It has 5 stores, cap. $15,150 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 1 paper m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $39,800. 4 sch. 254 scholars. Pop. 1,277. Niagara, r. and falls, N. Y. The r,, which connects Lake Erie with Lake Ontario, is about 33 ms. long, and Hows from s. to n. At its egress from Lake Erie, it is three quarters of a mile wide, and from 40 to 60 feet deep, and flows with a current of about 4 ms. an hour. As it proceeds, the r. widens to 6 or 8 ms., embracing several islands, the principal of which are Grand island, 12 ms. long, and from 2 to 7 ms. wide, well wooded, and reaching to within H m. of the falls ; and Navy island, much smaller, cele- brated in the events of the late Canadian rebel- lion. The Fulls of Niagara are about 22 ms. below Lake Erie, and 14 above Lake Ontario, and are one of the greatest natural curiosities in the world. When the traveller first arrives at the spot, he stands and gazes, and is lost in ad- miration. The mighty volume of water which forms the outlet of the great Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie, is here precipitated over a precipice 160 feet high, with a roar like that of thunder, which may be heard, in favora- ble circumstances, to tlie distance of 15 miles, NIC 473 NIM though, at times, the falls may he nearly ap- proached without perceiving mticli to indicate a tremendous cataract in the vicinity. In conse- quence of a bend in the r , the principal weiglit of water is thrown on the Canadian side, down what is called the Horse-shoe fall, which name has become inappropriate, as the edge of the precipice has ceased to be a curve, and forms a moderately acute angle. Near the middle of the fall. Goat island, containing 75 acres, extends to the brow of the precipice, dividing the r. into 2 parts ; and a small projecting mass of rock at a little distance from it, toward the American shore, again divides the cataract on that side. Goat island, at the lower end, presents a perpcMidicular mass of rocks, extending from the bottom to the top of the precipice. A bridge has been con- structed Irom the American shore to Bath island ; and another connects the latter with Goat island, and a tower is erected on the brow of the Horse- shoe fall, approached from Goat island by a short bridge, on which the spectator seems lo stand over tlie edge of the mighty cataract, and vvhicli alFjrds a fine view of this part of it. The distance at the fall from the American shore to Go.U island, is G.') rods ; across the front of G lat island, is 7S rods ; around the Horse-shoe fall, on the (Canadian side, 14-i rods; directly across the Horse shoe, 74 rods. The height of the fall near the American shore is KIJ feet ; near (ioat island on the same side, 15S feet ; near Goat island on the Canada side, 131 feet. Table rock, a shelv- ing projection on the Canadi'an side, at the edge of the precipice is 150 feet high. This place is generally thought to present the finest view of the falls ; though if the spectator will visit the tower on the opposite side on Goat island at sun- rise, when the whole cavity is enlightened by the sun, and a complete rainbow is presented in the rising spray, he cannot desire any thing finer. A covered stairway on the American side, descends from the top to the bottom of the precipice. It has been computed that 100 mil- lion tons of water are discharged over the preci- pice every hour. The rapids commence about a mile above the foils, and the water descends 57 feet before it arrives at the cataract. Tiie view from the bridge to Goat island, of the troiibled water dashing tumultuously over the rocks, is terrific. While curiosity constitutes an attribute of the human character, these falls will be frequented by admiring and delighted visiters, as one of the grandest exhibitions in nature. Ni.\G \iiA F.vLLS, p-v., Niagara t. and co., N. Y., '2J7 w. by N. Albany, 403 W. Situated on the E. side of Niagara r.at the falls, and contains 2 churches, 1 male and 1 female institute, (> hotels, 9 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 paper m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnaite, 2 machine shops, 90 dwellings, and about 750 inhabitants. Railroads from Buffalo and from Lockport meet at this place. NiANGUA, county, Mo. Situated s. vv. of the centre of the slate, and contains 57G sq. miles. Drained by Niangua r. Capital, Buffalo Head. NiccoTTOo, p-o., Arkansas co.. Ark. Nicholas, county, Va. Centrally situated toward the w. part of the state, and contains 1,430 sq. ms. Drained by Gauley and Elk rivers and their branches. The Great Kanawha runs on its s. w. border. Capital, Suminersville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,0 J5, sheep 4,81)3, swine 5,3.J2; wheat 4,451 bush, produced, rye 3,22i, Indian corn 56,327, buckwheat 861, oats 37,733, potatoes 11,351, tobacco 3,913 pounds; 3 stores, cap. !# 10,000; 2 tanneries, 20 grist ni., 5 saw 111. Cap. in manufac. $6,825. 3 ^d\. 77 6u scholars. Pop. whites 2,440, slaves 72, free col'd 3; total, 2,515. Nicholas, county, Ky. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 35:) sq. ms. Wa- tered by Licking r. and its branches. Capital, Carlisle. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,121, sheep 19,067, swine 29,127; wheat 60,765 bush, produced, rye 25,315, Indian corn 613,804, oats 77,0S6, potatoes 6,949, tobacco 47,63-t pounds, sugar 57,020; 16 stores, cap. $77,690; 1 woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 19 grist ra., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $65,638. 22 sch. 501 scho- lars. Pop. whiles 7,310, slaves 1,253, free col'd 182 ; total, 8,715. Nicholas, C. H., p-v., capital of Nicholas co., Va., 310 w. by n Ptichniond, 322 W. Niciiolasvillk, p-v., capital of Jessamine co., Ky., 36 s. E. Frankfort, 534 W. Situated on a small branch of Kentucky r. It contains a court house, jail, 2 academies, and 632 inhabitants. Nichols, pt., Tioga co., N. Y., 8 s. w. Ovvego, 170 w. s. w. Albany, 268 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam, with extensive and i'ertile Qats on Susquehanna r., which bounds it on the N. The v. is situated on the s. side of Susquehanna r., and contains 1 Baptist and 1 .VIelliodist church, an acailemy, 6 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery, 60 dwellings, and about (0.) inhabitants. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. J 19,000; 3 fulling m., 1 tannery, 8 grist m., 28 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §41,371. 848 scholars in .schools. Pop. 1,986. Nicholson, p-t., I.uzerne co.. Pa., 161 n. e. Harrisburg, 26S W. Tnnkhannock mt. extends across its n. part. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,500. 3 sell. 102 scholars. Pop. 653. Nichols VI lle, p-v., Hopkinton t., St. Law- rence co., N. Y., 213 n. n w. Albany. Situated on both sides of the e. branch of St. Regis r., and contains 2 stores, I grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. Nickell's Mills, p-o., Monroe co., Va. Nickojack, creek, Ga., issues from a cave 80 feet wide, 50 feet high, and U ms. long. The stream is 60 feet wide at the month of the cave. Nico.NZA, p-o., Miami co., la., 108 n. Indianap- olis, 601 W. NiLEs, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 10 s. e. Auburn, 169 w. Albany, 329 W. The surface is rolling; soil, clay and sandy loam. It has Owasco lake on the w., and Skeneateles lake on the k. It has 4 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $45,4 )2. 1 1 sch., 629 scholars. Pop. 2,234. Nii.es, p t., Berrian co., Mich., 182 w. s. w. Detroit, 627 W. The soil is iertile, adapted to g;-ain. The v. is pleasantly situated on the k. side of St. Josephs r. It contains 2 churches — 1 K-piscopal, 1 Presbyterian — 9 stores, a brancli of the university, and about 1,000 inhabitants. There are in the t. 3 commission houses, cap. .•ii!9,5j0; 1 1 stores, cap. $49,750 ; 2 tanneries, ,; distilleries, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, V5 llour- iiig m., 2 grist in., 4 saw m. Cap. in iinnufac. ^91,6 )0. 1 college, 38 students, 4 sch. 94 schol- ars. Pop. 1,420. Ni.MisiiiLLEN, t, Stark co., O. The surface is level ; soil, fertile. The natural growth is beech and sugar maple. Watered by Xiinisliiilen cr It has 1 sell. 30 scholars. Pop. 1,027. NiMisiLLA, p-v., Franklin t., Summit co., O., 121 N. E. Columbus, 327 VV. It contains a Lu- theran church, 2 stores, 1 school, and 100 inhab- itants. Nimmon's Cross Roads, p-o., Delaware co., O., 36 N. Columbus, 406 W. NOB 474 NOR Nine Mile Prairie, p-o., Perry co., III., 156 S. Springfield, 831 W. Nineveh, p-v., Colesville t., Broome co., N. Y., 116 w. s. vv. Albany, 310 W. Situated on the w. side of Susquehanna river, and contains 2 stores, 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. Nineveh, p-o., Warren co., Va., 146 n. n. w. Richmond, 77 W. Nineveh, p-v., Johnson co., la., 28 s. Indian- apolis, 537 W. Nippenose, p-t., Lycoming co., Pa., 96n. Har- risburg, 206 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, cal- careous loam. Nippenose cr. runs on its vv. boundary, and the n. branch of the Susquehanna r. on its N. border. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 3 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 319. NisHSEBATONA, r., Mo., Is a small r. which en- ters the Missouri r. on the n. side, in the n. w. corner of the state. NisKAYUNA, t., Schenectady co., N. Y., 4 e. Schenectady, 12 n. w. Albany. The surface is moderately hilly, along the Mohawk r., which bounds it on the n., but is more level and sandy toward the s. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,100. 3 sch. 94 scholars. Pop. 693. NiTTANY, p-o., Centre co., Pa., 93 n. w. Har- risburg, 185 W. NixBURGH, p-v., Coosa CO., Ala., 129 e. s. e. Tuscaloosa, 812 W. Nixon's, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 81 w. Ra- leigh, 33i W. Noah, p-o., Shelby co., la., 31 s. e. Indianap- olis, 559 W. Noah's Fork, p-o., Coffee co., Tenn., 53 s. E. Nashville, 662 W. Noank, p-o.. New London co., Ct., 52 s. E. Hartford, 361 W. Noble, county, la. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 432 sq. ms. Drained by Elkhart and Tippecanoe rivers. It has a num- ber of small lakes. Capital, Augusta. There were in 1810, neat cattle 3,8U2, sheep 1,585, Bwine 6,864 ; wheat 18,319 bush, produced, Ind. corn 66,716, oats 20,551, potatoes 22,377 ; 7 stores, cap. $16,700; 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $l,6:;i8. 8 sch. Ill scholars. Pop. 2,702. Noble, C. H., pv., capital of Noble co., la., 159 N. N. E. Indianapolis, 578 W. Situated in Augusta v., a little n. e. of Elkhart r. It has 1 store, cap. Iifi3,000 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 sch. 16 scholars. Pop. 240. Noble, t., Morgan co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,200. 8 sch. 25;) scholars. Pop. 1,338. Noble, t., Shelby co., O. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 1 tannery, 3 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $4,450. 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 1,394. NoBLEnoRouGH, p t., Lincoln co.. Me., 32 s. e. Augusta, 600 W. Situated on the e. side of Uamariscolta pond and r. The outlet of Dama- riscotta pond affurds water power, where are mills, and a small v. on the borders of New Cas- tle, containing a neat Roman Catholic church. At tiie bridge, at the head of navigation on Dam- ariscotta r., is a considerable v., which has seve- ral stores. Ship building is extensively carried on, on the r. There are in the t., 23 stores, cap. $51,501) ; 9 lumber yards, cap. $62,00J ; 2 tanne- ries, 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,05'J. 9 sch. 873 scholars. Pop. 2,210. NoBLESTOWN, p-v., Fayette t., Alleghany co.. Pa., 10 s. w. Pittsburg, -.iM w. Harnsburg, 23S W. Situated on a branch of Chariiers cr., and contains 1 store, and about 25 dwellings. NoBLESviLLE, p-v., capital of Hamilton co., la., 20 N. E. Indianapolis, 574 W. Situated on the E. bank of the w. fork of White r. It con- tains a court house, 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, and about 200 inhabitants. NocKAMixoN, p-t., Bucks CO., Pa., 14 n. Doyles- town, 40 N.Philadelphia. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly. Delaware r. runs on its e. border, and has banks composed of high perpendicular rocks of red sandstone, below which are some extensive swamps. Gallows run flows into the Delaware on its n. boundary. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 7 potteries, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,321. 2 sch. 71 scholars. Pop. 2,055. NoDDAWAY, r., Mo., rises in Iowa ter., and after a course of about 200 ms., enters the Missouri r on the e side, in the n. w. part of the state. NoDDAWAY, p-t., Buchanan co.. Mo. 1,169. NoLACHUCKY, T., N. C. and Tenn., rises on the w. side of the Blue Ridge, in Buncombe co., N. C, and flowing into Tenn., it enters French Broad r. Noland's Ferry, p-o., Loudon co., Va., 161 N. Richmond, 42 W. Situated a little above the mouth of Monocacy r. Nolen, p-o., Hardin co., Ky., 89 s. w. Frank- fort, 631 W. Nolensville, p-v., Williamson co., Tenn., 17 s. by E. Nashville, 693 W. No Man's Land, island, Dukes co., Mass., lies off the s. w. end of Martha's Vineyard, 7 s. Gay- head. It consists chiefly of a mass of rocks. Nonconner, po., Fayette co., Tenn. NoRFiELD, p-v., Weston t., Fairfield co., Ct., 74 s. w. Hartford, 275 W. It has 1 Congrega- tional church. Norfolk, county, Mass. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. The surface is moderately uneven, and rocky ; soil, generally fertile, and highly cultivated. Water- ed by Neponset and Charles rivers, and their tributaries. A fine granite is found in Quincy, from which quarry a railroad extends to Nepon- set r., the first railroad built in the United States. The Boston and Providence railroad passes through the co. Capital, Dedham. There were in 1840, neat cattle 15,110, sheep 2,297, swine 12,411; wheat 3,341 bush, produced, rye 19,866, Ind. corn 99,123, buckwheat 2,878, barley 18,902, oats 17,063, potatoes 425,961 ; 15 commercial and 22 commission houses in foreia^n trade, capital $-i26,000; 331 stores, cap. $1,737,650; 17 lumber yards, capital $135,400 ; value of hardware, cut- lery, &c., manufactured, $191,000; invested in fisheries, $'JO,500 ; 9,400 bush, of salt produced ; 4 furnaces, 5 forges, 4 fulling m., 15 woollen fac, 38 cotton fac. 30,237 sp., 21 tanneries, 1 pottery, 6 rope fac, 1 flouring m., 44 grist m., 59 saw m., 13 paper fac, 7 priitting offices, 3 binderies, 4 weekly newspapers. Capital in manufactures $;i,33i,18l). 46 acad. 1,473 students, 197 schools 11,776 scholars. Pop. 53,110. Norfolk, county, Va. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 544 square miles. Drained by Elizabeth and Pasquotank rivers. It contains the greater part of the Dismal swamp. Hampton roads lies on its n. bonier. Capital, Norfolk. There were in 1340, neat cattle 8,248, sheep 2,943, swine 18,615; wheat 2,7 J7 bushels produced, Ind. corn 260,215, oats 31,715, potatoes 35,49J, cotton 1,000 pounds; 8 commission and 9 commercial houses, cap. $204,500; 116 stores, cap. '? 1,781,350 ; I taimery, 10 grist m., 2 saw m., 4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 daily, 4 weekly, and 3 semi-weekly newspapers. t"ap. in manu- fac .$249,700. I'J acad. 545 students, 21 schools 535 scholars. Pop. whiles 11,230, slaves 7,845, free col'd 1,967 ; total, 21,092. NOR 475 NOR Norfolk, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 36 w. n. w. Hartford, 344 W. The surface is elevated and inountaiiious ; soil, gravelly loam, adapted to grazing. Blackberry r. runs through the t., and has, a little w. of the central v., a fall of 30 feet, affording water power, where are some mills. This V. has a neat Congregational church, with a public square in front of it, and a number of dwellings. A mile n. is another v., containing 2 woollen fac, and 3 scythe fac. Both villages contain about 30 dwellings. It has 3 stores, cap. §19,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen lac, 4 tanneries, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufae. §64,670. 1 acad. 132 students. 11 sch. 371 scholars. Pop. I,3;t3. Norfolk, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 234 N. N. w. Albany, 513 W. The surface is undu- lating ; soil, a iertile loam. Drained by Racket r. and its tributaries. The v. is situated on Racket r., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, 3 furnaces, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery, 2 trip-hammer works, 1 sat- inet fac, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $16,200 ; 2 fur- naces, 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 6 -saw m. Cap. in manufae. $18,805. 13 sch. 614 scholars. Pop. 1,723. Norfolk, p-b., port of entry, and capital of Norfolk CO., Va., on the n. e. bank of Elizabeth r., just below the contluence of its 2 branches, 8 ms. above its entrance into Hampton roads, and 32 ms. from the ocean, 1 10, by water, below City point, 106 E. .s. E. Richmond," 230 W., 36° 50' 50" N. lat., and 76° 18' 47'' w. Ion. The situation is low, the streets are crooked and irregular, and most of the houses are not remarkable for ele- gance. It has a court house, jail, a market house, a theatre, 2 banks, 2 insurance offices, an acad- emy, an orphan asylum, an atheneum, with a respectable library, and, in the vicinity, a marine hospital, and a U. S. navy yard. At the latter is a dry dock, constructed of hewn granite, which cost §974,536. There are 8 churches — 2 Episco- pal, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 2 Methodist, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 African. The harbor is spacious and sale, having 18 feet water. The entrance to it is over a mile wide, and is defended by forts Monroe and Calhoun. It has mure for- eign commerce than any other place in the state. The tonnage in 1840 was 19,079. The Dismal Swamp canal connects Chesapeake bay with Albemarle sound, and opens an extensive water communication from Norfolk to the south. There were in this place in 1840, 8 for. commercial and 8 commission houses, cap. iti202,0.)0 ; 35 retail stores, cap. $1,590,500; 2 printing offices, 1 bind- ery, 2 daily and 1 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufae. $178,31X). 18 acad. 515 students, 17 sch. 604 scholars. Pop. 1830, 9,816 ; 1840, 10,920. Norm.\x's Kill, N. Y., rises in Schenectady CO., and enters the Hudson in Bethlehem t., 2^ ms. s. Albany. It affjrds good water power near its mouth. NoRRiDGEWocK, p-t.. Capital of Somerset co., Me., 33 N. Augusta, 627 \V. Situated on both sides of Kennebec r. The surface is moderately [ hilly ; soil, generally fertile, adapted to grain. | The v. is pleasantly situated on the n. side of Kennebec r., across which is a fine bridge, con- necting it with a V. on the s. side. It contains a court house, jail, a Congregational church, and a female academy. Its trade is extensive with the back country. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. .$18,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufae. $13,725. 1 acad. 25 students, 20 sch. 835 scholars Pop. 1,865. NoRRisTowN, p-b., Norriton t., capital of Montgomery co.. Pa., 91 e. by s. Harrisburg, 154 W. Situated on the n. side of Schuylkill r. It contains a court house, jail, and public offices, of stone, an academy, of brick, a Presbyterian church, of stone, an Episcopal church, of Gothic architecture, of stone, a library of 1,200 vols., a literary society, with a cabinet of natural history, and about 400 dwellings. A bridge across the Schuylkill, resting on stone piers, is 800 feel long, with abutments of 1,050 feet, and cost $31,200. The streets are handsomely graded, and the sidewalks extensively laid with bricks or flagging-stones. Here is a dam across the Schuylkill, creating a great water power. It has 14 stores, cap. $85,000; 2 hnnber yards, cap. $20,000; 1 forge, 3 cotton fac. 19,064' sp,, 1 tan- nery, 2 printing offices, 2 semi-weekly newspa- pers, 2 flouring m., I saw m. Cap. in manufae $297,475. 1 acad. 33 students, 6 sch. 600 schol- ars. Pop. 2,937. NoRRisTOWN, p-v., Carroll co., O., 130 e. n. k Colmnbus, 299 W. NoRRiSTOw.N, p-v., capital of Pope co.. Ark., 71 N. w. Little Rock, 1,136 W. NoRRisviLLE, p-v., Wilcox CO., Ala., 103 s. Tuscaloosa, 895 W. NoRRisTONviLLE, p-v., Montgomery co., Pa., 93 E. Harrisburg, 158 W. NoRRiTo.v, t., Montgomery co.. Pa. The surface is level ; soil, red shale, and fertile. Drained by small streams, flowing into Schuyl- kill r. The b. is situated on Schuylkill r., and possesses great water power, derived from the dam, constructed here by the Schuylkill Naviga- tion Company. The t. has 4 stores, cap. $4,000; 1 lumber yard, cap. $3,000; 2 cotton fac. i,552 sp., 1 tannery, 6 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufae. $5,337. 3 schools 80 scholars. Pop. 1,411. North Adams, p-v., Adams t., Berkshire co., Mass., 126 w. n. w. Boston, 393 VV. It contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — a bank, printing offices, numerous mills and factories, and about 2,000 inhabitants. It is the largest manufacturing v. in the co. (See Adams t.) North Ad.\ms, p-o., Adams t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 169 iM. w. Albany, 410 W. North Adria.v, p-o., Adrian t., Lenawee co., Mich. North Almond, p-o.. Almond t., Alleghany CO., N. Y., 250 w. by s. Albany, 325 W. North Amherst, p-v., Amiierst t., Hampshire CO., Mass., 83 w. Boston, 3>8 W. It has 1 Con- gregational church, 2 scythe fac, and several stores and dwellings. NoRTHA.MPTO.v, county. Pa. Situated in the E. part of the state, and contains 1,100 square ms. The surface is uneven or mountainous ; soil, highly productive. Delaware r. bounds it on the E. Drained by the Lehigh river, and numerous small creeks, flowing into Delaware r. It con- tains much wild and picturesque scenery. Cap- ital, Easton. There were in 1810, neat cattle 19, 171, sheep 19,207, swine 36,163; wheat 239,695 bush, prod., rye 526,157, Ind. corn 276,77.3, buck- wheat 82,191, bariey 12,650, oats 244,760, pota- toes 203,600; 163 stores, cap. $650,150; 20 lum- ber yards, cap. $55,200 ; 6 furnace.-?, 4 forges, 8 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 24 tanneries, 16 distil- leries, 4 breweries, 3 powder m., 1 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 2 binderies, 5 weekly newspa- pers, 29 flouring m., 65 grist m., 69 saw m., 5 oil m. Cap. in manufae. $872,335. 2 colleges, 68 students, 9 acad. 601 students, 76 schools 3,445 scholars. Pop. 40,996. NOR 476 NOR Northampton, county, Va. Situated on the s. part of the eastern shore, having the Atlantic on liie E., and ( 'hesapeake bay on the w. It contains 320 sq. ms. The surface is diversified, and the shore has numerous small creeks, and several islands along the Atlantic. Capital, East- ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,574, t.heep 5,453, swine ]'2,"i69 : wheat 279 bush, pro- duced, Indian corn 29(i,718, oats 197,(I5S, potatoes 5 !,5 Ifi, cotton 6,0l)3, sugar 685 pounds ; 16 stores, cap. i5i39,5 JO ; 26 grist m., 1 saw m., 8 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $4(),6iO. 7 sch. 186 scliolars. Pop. whites 3,341, slaves 3,620, free col'd 754; total, 7,7! 5. Northampton, county, N. C. Situated toward the N. F.. part of the state, and contains 516 sq. ms. Rouioke r. runs on its s. w. border, and IMelierrin r. on its n. e. border. The soil is gen- erally fertile. Capital, Jackson. There were in 1 '4 ), neat cattle 12,427, sheep 5,965, swine 40,545 : wheat 2\308 bu.sh. produced, rye 3,125, Indian corn 716,050, oats 7S,650, potatoes 38,600; tobac- co 66,' 61 pounds, cotton 5,210,724 ; 10 stores, cap. S5L),O0i) ; 15 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil ni. (^ap. in manufac. $10, 100. 1 acad. 22 students, 10 sch. 147 scholars. Pop. whites 5,818, slaves 6,759, free colored 792; total, 13,369. Northampton, t., Rockingham cc, N. H., 50 s. E. by E. Concord, 9 s. by w. Portsmouth Drained by Little and Winnicut rivers. Incor- porated in 1742. It has 1 store, cap. $2,0OJ ; 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 3 sch. 180 schol- ars. Pop. 8-i5. NoRTiiA.MPTON, t., Peoria co.. 111. It has 1 sch. ~0 scholars. Pop. 316. NoRTHA.MPTON, p-t., capital of Hampshire co., Mass., on the w. bank of Connecticut r., 17 n. by w. Springfield, 93 vv. Boston, 67 e. Albany, 39 n. Hartford, Ct., 380 W. 42° 19' 8" n. lat., and 72° 38' 21'' w. Ion. This beautiful t. was the third settled on Connecticut r. Incorporated in 165 1. The surface is varied, and the soil good, particularly tb.e extensive meadows on the river. The village is handsomely built, having many elegant houses. The public buildings are a court house, jail, and 5 churches, some of which are spacious and handsome — 2 Congregational, 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Unitarian — and a female seminary. The Round Hill School is a celebrated seminary, on the plan of a German gymnasium. There is a bank and an insurance CO. A fine bridge, 1,0S0 feet long, and 26 wide, supported on piers, some of them 40 feet high from the bottom of the river, completed in 1826, conneeas this place with Hadley. A canal, which here joins Connecticut r., connects North- ampton with New Haven, Ct. Mount Tom, in this t., and Mount Hoi yoke on the opposite side of the r., are lolly sunnnits, often visited for their commanding prospects. A stream passes through the centre of the t. which affords good water power. There were in 1840, 34 stores, cap. $125,700; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, cap. $110,01)0; 1 tannery, 1 llouring m., 3 grist m., 11 saw in., 1 paper fac, 4 printing odices, 2 binde- ries, 3 weekly papers. Cap. in manufactures $.i54,8<'.0. 1 acad. 56 students. 21 sch. 937 schol- ars. Pop. 183), 3,613; 1810,3,750. Northampton, p-t., Fulton co., N. Y., 18 n E. Johnstown, 47 n. w. Albany, 415 W. The surface is mostly level ; soil, sand, and sandy loam. Watered by Sacandaga river and its branches. In the s. part is a marshy tract, oc- casionally overllowed by the Sacandaga r. and other streams, of from 5 to 20,000 acres, which produces large grass, and furnishes an extensive range for cattle. At the conliuence of May- field cr. witii Sacandaga r. stands the village of Fish House. There are in the t. 10 stores, '^ap. $11,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,800. 8 sch. 278 scholars. Pop. 1, 526. NoRTHA.MPTON, t., Burlingtoii co., N. J. The surface is generally level ; soil, sand, and sandy loam, in the n. w. part fertile, in the s. and s. E. parts covered with pine and oak forests, and sterile. Drained by Rancocus cr., and tributaries of Little Egg Harbor river. It contains Mount Holly v., the capital of the county. The t. has 29 stores, cap. $112,100; 3 lumber yards, cap. $9,000; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac., 1 cotton fac 2,500 sp., 2 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 1 pottery, 2 paper fac, 2 binderies, 2 weekly newspapers, 7 grist m., 11 sawm. Cap. in manufac $238,100. 4 acad. 91 students, 6 sch. 386 scholars. Pop. 6,813. Northampton, t., Bucks co.. Pa., 10 s. E. Doylestown, 20 n. Philadelphia. The surface is level ; soil, a fertile loam. Drained by branches of Neshaminy cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $9,000; 4 grist m., 3 sch. 114 scholars. Pop. 1,694. Northampton, t., Lehigh county. Pa. It is a small t. which surrounds the borough of Al- lentown. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 1 flouring m. Cap. in manufac. $10,300. 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 293. North Andover, p-v., Andover t., Essex co., Mass., 23 N. Boston, 456 W. Situated near the s. end of Great Pond, which covers 450 acres, the outlet of which, into Merrimac r., affords water power. It contains a Congregational and a Unitarian church, and a woollen fac North Argyle, po., Argyle t., Washington CO., N. Y., 50 N. n. e. Albany, 420 W. North Ashford, p-v., Ashford t., Wind- ham CO., Ct., 35 E. N. E. Hartford, 371 W. It has 1 Baptist church. Nort'h Attlecorough, p-v., Attleborough t., Bristol CO., Mass., 38 s. by e. Boston, 412 W. It has 1 Baptist church and several factories. North Bangor, p-v., Bangor t., Penobscot CO., Me., 71 E. N. E. Augusta, 667 W. North Barnstead, p-o., Barnstead t., Belk- nap CO., N. H. North Barton, p-o., Barton t., Tioga co., N. Y., 185 vv. s. w. Albany. North Beaver, t., Beaver co.. Pa. The surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile calcareous loam. Drained by Hickory cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,400; 4 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 1 llouring m., 6 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,350. 14 sch. 431 sch. Pop. 2,29.3. North Becket, p-v., Becket t., Berkshire co., Mass., 128 Boston, 392 W. North Belgrade, p-o., Belgrade t., Kenne- bec CO., Me., 17 n. e. Augusta, 613 W. North Belmont, p-o., Belmont t., Waldo co., Me., 35 E. by n. Augusta, 631 W. North Bend, p-o., Macon co., 111., 78 e. Springfield, 705 W. North Bennington, p-o., Bennington t. and CO., Vt., 121 s. w. by s. Montpelier, 411 W. North Benton, p o., Columbiana co., O., 147 N. e. by E. Columbus, 303 W. North Bergen, po., Bergen t., Gene«ee CO., N. Y., 240 w. by n. Albany, 331 Washing- ton. North Berwick, pt., York co., Me., 89 s. w. Augusta, 506 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $ 30); 4 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,280. 17 sch. 563 scholars. Pop. 1,461. NOR 477 NOR North Betmel, p-o., Oxford co., Me., 55 w. Augusta, 611 W. North Big Flats, p-o., Big Flats t., Che- mung CO., N. v., 203 \v. s. w. Albany, 2:!7 W. North Blanfokd, p o., Blanford t., Hampden CO., Mass., 114 vv. by s. Boston, 374 W. North BlEjNHEim, po., Blenheim t., Scho- harie CO., N. Y., 47 w. Albany, 375 VV. North Bloomfield, pv., West Bloomfield t, Ontario co., N. Y., 21-2 w. Albany, 338 W. Situated on Honeoye cr., and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 clothier's works, 1 fur- nace, 2 machine shops, 30 dwellings, and about WJO inhabitants. North Bloomfield, p-o., Bloomfield t., Trumbull co., O., 178 n. e. Columbus, 319 W. North Blue Hill, p-o., Blue Hill t., Han- cock CO., 3Ie., 69 E. Augusta, G66 W. North Boothb.w, p-v., Boothbay t., Lincoln CO., Me., 35 s. .s. e. Augusta, 5J6 W. Northboroligh, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 33 w. Boston, 403 W. Watered by Assabet r., which affords water power. Incorporated in 1766. It contains a Congregational, Baptist, and a Unitarian church. It has 3 stores, cap. §2, 10 J; 1 fulling m., 2 cotton fac. 2,052 sp., 1 tannery, 6 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$75,100. 2 acad. 45 students, 6 sch. 368 scholars. Pop. 1,313. North Boston, p-o., Boston t., Erie co., N. Y.,303 W.Albany, 366 W. North Br.\nch, p-o., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 26 s. Concord, 456 W. North Braxch, p-o., Somerset co., N. J., 35 N. Trenton, 206 VV. North Braniord, p-t., New Haven co., Ct. It has 7 sch. 140. Pup. 1,016. North Bridge, p-t., VV^orcester co., Mass., 39 s. w. by w. Boston, 406 VV. Watered by Black- stone and Mamford rivers, which afford e.\ten- sive water power. The soil is mostly rocky and rough, but is fertile, particularly on the rivers, where are fine intervales. Incorporated in 1772. Blackstone canal passts through the t. on the w bank of Biack.stone r. It con ain.s 4 churches— 2 Congregational, 1 i\Iethodist, and 1 P'riends. It has 3 stores, cap. §12,000; 6 cotton iac. 10,100 sp., 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,100: 8 sch. 350 scholars. Pop. 1,449. North Bridgeto.x, p-o., Bridgeton t., Cum- berland CO., Me., 60 s. w. by w. Augusta, 531 W. North Bhidgewater, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 22 s. by e. Boston, 43^ W. The surface is level ; soil, in some parts very fertile. The v. contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Uni- tarian, and 1 New Jerusalem — and over 100 dwellings. There are in the t. 16 stores, cap. S-5,000 ; 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $63,300. 2 acad. 66 students, 9 sch. 483 schol- ars. Pop. 2,616. North Brookfield, p-t., Worcester county, iMass., 60 w. Boston, 393 W. The surface is elevated ; soil, fertile. The v. contains 1 Con- gregational and 1 Methodist church, and about 3i) dwellings. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $59,075. 1 1 sch. 523 scholars. Pop. 1,435. North Brookfield, p-o., Brookfield t., Madi- son CO., N. Y., 84 w. by n. Albany, 366 VV. North Brunswick, t., 3Iiddlesex co., N. J. It has the Raritan r. on the n., and South r. on the e. Drained centrally by Lawrence's brook. (It contains most of the city of New Brunswick, which see.) It has 79 stores, cap. $269,700 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $23,000 ; 3 tanneries, 1 dis- tillery, 2 potteries, 3 printing offices, 2 binderies, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. ,$103,600. 1 acad. 45 students, 18 sch. 686 scholars. Pop. 5,866. North BacKsroRT, p-v., Bucksport t., Han- cock CO., Me., 62 N. E. by e. Augusta, 658 W. North Camden, p-o., Lorain co., O., Ill n. n. E. Columbus, 380 W. North Canton, p-v.. Canton t., Hartford cOt Ct., 19 N. w. Hartford, 355 W. NORTH CAROLINA. North Carolina, one of the southern United States, is bounded n. by Virginia ; E. by the Atlantic ; s. by South Carolina ; and w. by Tennessee. It is between 33=^ 50' and 36° 30' n. lat., and between 75° 45' and 84° w. Ion.; and between 6° 20^ w. and 1° 33' E. from W. It is 430 miles long, and 180 broad, containing 48,000 square miles, or 30,720,000 acres. The population in 1790, was 393,754; in 1800, 478,103; in 1810, 555,500; in 1820, 633,829; in 1830, 738,470 ; in 1810, 753,419, of which 245,817 were slaves. Of the free population, 240,047 were white males ; 244,823 do. females ; 11,236 were colored males; 11,505 do. females. Employed in agriculture, there were 217,095; in commerce, 1,734; in manufactures and trades, 14,322; naviga- ting the ocean, 327; do. canals, rivers, &c., 379; learned professions, 1,086. This state is divided into 63 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, are as follows: Anson, 15,077, Wadesborough ; Ashe, 7,467, Jcffersonton ; Beaufort, 12,225, Washing- ton ; Bertie, 12,175, Windsor; Bladen, 8,022, Elizabeth: Brunswick, 5,265, Smithville ; Bu.v coMBE, 10,084, Ashville; Burke, 15,799, Morganton; Cabarrus, 9,259, Concord; Camden, 5,663, Jonesboro' ; Carteret, 6,591, Beaufort; Caswell, 14,693, Yanceyville ; Chatham, 16,242, Pittsboro' ; Cherokee, 3,427, iVIurphy ; Chowan, 6,693, Edenton ; Colu.mbus, 3,941, Whitesville ; Craven, 13,433, Newbern; Cu.mberland, 15,284, Fayetteville ; Currituck, 6,703, Currituck C. H. ; Davidson, 14,606, Lexington; Davie, 7,574, Mocksville ; Duplin, 11,182, Kenansville ; Edgecombe, 13,708, Tarboro' ; Franklin, 10,980, Louisburg; Gates, 8,161, Gatesville; (3ran- ville, 18,817, Oxford; Greene, 6,595, Snow Hill ; Guilford, 19,175, Greensboro'; Halifa.x, 16,865, Halifax; K.-.y wood, 4,975, Waynesvillc ; Henderson, 5,129, Hendersonville ; Hertford, 7,484, Winton ; Hyde, 6,453, Lake Landing ; Iredell, 15,685, Statesville ; Joh.nston, 10,599, Smitlifieid; Jones, 4,945, Trenton ; Lenoir, 7,605, Kingston; Lincoln, 25,160, Lincolnton ; Ma- con, 4,869, Franklin ; Martin, 7,637, Williamston ; Mecklenburg, 13,273, Charlotte; Mont- GO.MERY, 10,780, LawTenceville ; Moore, 7,938, Carthage; Nash, 9,047, Nashville; New Han- over, 13,312, Wilmington ; Northa.mpton, 13,369, Jackson ; Onslow, 7,527, Onslow C H. ; NOR 478 NOR Orange, 24,356, Hillsboro'; PAsauoTANK, 8,514, Elizabeth Cily; PERauiMANs, 7,316, Hertford; Person, 9,790, Roxboro' ; Pitt, 11,806, Greenville; RANDOLrH, 12,875, Asliboro' ; Richmond, 8,909, Rockingliam ; Robeson, 10,370, Luinberton ; Rockingham, 13,422, Wentworth; Rowan, 12,109, Salisbury; Rutherford, 19,202, Rutherfordton ; Sampson, 12,157, Clinton; Stokes, 16,205, Germanton; Surry, 15,079, Rockford ; Tyrrel, 4,657, Columbia; Wake, 21,118, Ra- leigh; Warren, 12,919, Warrenton ; Washington, 4,525, Plymouth; Wayne, 10,891 Waynes- boro' ; Wilkes, 12,577, Wilkesboro' ; Yancey, 5,962, Burnsville. Raleigh, situated near the centre of the state, 6 miles w. of the Neuse river, is the seat of gov- ernment. Along tl»e whole coast of North Carolina is a ridge of sand, separated from the main land in some places by narrow and in other places by broad sounds and bays. The passages or inlets through it are shallow and dangerous , and Ocracoke inlet is the only one through which vessels pass. Capes Hatteras and Lookout are projecting points in this belt, and off them, particularly the former, is the most dangerous navigation on the coast of the United States. Cape Fear is on an island off the mouth of Cape Fear river. For 60 or 80 miles from the shore, the country is a dead level ; the streams are sluggish and muddy, and there are many swamps and marshes. The soil is sandy and poor, excepting on the margins of the streams, where it is frequently rich. The natural growth of this region is almost universally the pitch pine, which is much larger than the same tree in the northern states. This tree affords tar, pitch, turpentine, and lumber, which constitute an important portion of the exports of the state. In tlie swamps rice of a fine quality is raised. Back of the flat country, and extending to tlie lower falls of the rivers, is a belt of about 40 miles wide, of a mode- rately uneven surface, a sandy soil, and of which the pitch pine is the prevailing natural growth. Above the falls the country is uneven, the streams have a more rapid current, the country is more fertile, and produces wheat, rye, barley, oats, and tlax. The western part of the state is an elevated table land about 1,800 feet above the level of the sea, with some high ranges, and very elevated summits. Black mountain, in Yancey co., is 6,476 feet high, the highest land in the U. States e. of the Rocky mountains. Roan mountain is 6,038 feet, and Grandfather mountain is 5,556 feet high. The soil is generally good, but w. of the mountains it is still more fertile. Throughout the state Indian corn is raised, and in some parts, considerable cotton. In the low country, grapes, plums, blackberries, and strawberries grow spontaneously ; and on the intervals canes grow luxuriantly ; and their leaves continuing green through the winter, furnish food for cattle. The low country is somewhat unhealthy, but in the elevated parts the air is pure and salubrious. In the elevated country, oak, WTilnut, lime, and cherry trees, of a large growth, abound. In the northern part of this state, and extending into Virginia, is the great Dismal swamp, which is 30 miles long and 10 broad, and covers a surface of 150,000 acres. In the centre of it, and within the state of Virginia, !s Lake Drummond, 15 miles in circuit. A canal passes through this swamp, mentioned in the account of Virginia, with a feeder 5 ms. long from Lake Drummond. This swamp is thickly wooded with pine, juniper, cypress, and in its drier parts, with white and red oak. In some parts, the thickness of the growth renders it impervious. South of this, between Albemarle and Pamlico sounds, is Alligator swamp, which has a lake in the centre. It is computed that 2,500,000 acres of swamp in this state might be easily drained, which would afford a rich soil for the cultivation of cotton, tobacco, rice, and Indian corn. There were in the state in 1840, 166,608 horses and mules ; 617,371 neat cattle ; 538,279 sheep ; 1,649,716 swine ; poultry to the value of $544,125. There were produced 1,960,885 bushels of wheat; 3,574 of barley ; 3,193,941 of oats ; 213,971 of rye; 15,391 of buckwheat; 23,893,703 of Indian corn; 625,044 pounds of wool ; 1,063 of hops; 118,923 of wax ; 2,609,239 bushels of pota- toes ; 101,369 tons of hay; 9,879 of hemp and flax ; 16,772,359 pounds of tobacco; 2,820,338 of rice : 51,926,190 of cotton ; 3,014 of silk cocoons ; 7,163 of sugar ; the products of the dairy were valued at $674,349 ; of the orchard at $386,006 ; of lumber at $506,766. There were made 28,752 gallons of wine. The principal minerals of North Carolina are gold and iron. Tlie gold region lies on both sides of the Blue Ridge, and extends e. of the Yadkin. It exists in grains, and in small masses and lumps, some of them worth from 100 to 7 or 8 thousand dollars, and in veins. Many persons have en- gaged in digging for gold, and with some success. A considerable amount is sent annually to the Mint of the United States. The principal rivers are the Chowan, 400 miles long, navigable for small vessels 30 miles ; Roan- oke ; Pamlico, navigable for 30 miles ; Neuse ; Cape Fear, the largest river in the state, 280 miles long, with 11 feet of water to Wilmington ; the Yadkin, which forms a part of the Great Pedee in South Carolina ; and the Catawba, which also passes into South Carolina. The sluggishness of the rivers as they approach the sea, and the sandy character of the coast, cause them to be extensively obstructed by bars at their mouths. As this state has few good harbors, much of its commerce is carried on through Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee. Wilmington, on Cape Fear river, 40 miles from the sea, is the most commercial place in the state. INewbern, on the Neuse, NOR 479 NOR 30 miles from Pamlico sound, has some commerce. Fayetteville, at the head of boat navigation on Cape Fear river, has considerable trade. The exports of the state in 1840, amounted to $337,484 ; and the imports to $252,532. There were 4 commercial and 46 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $151,300; 1,063 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $5,032,835 ; 432 persons employed in the lumber trade, with a capital of $46,000 ; 213 persons employed in internal transportation, who, with 24 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $9,000; 1,784 persons employed in the fish- eries, with a capital of $213,502. The amount of home-made or family manufactures was $1,413,242 ; there were 3 woollen man- ufactories and 1 iuUing mill, producing articles to the amount of $3,900, with a capital of $9,800 ; 25 cotton manufactories, with 47,934 spindles, employing 1,219 persons, producing articles to the amount of $438,900, with a capital of $995,300 ; there were 8 furnaces, producing 968 tons of cast iron, and 43 forges, &c., producing 963 tons of bar iron, employing 463 persons, and a capital of $94,961 ; 2 smelting houses, employing 30 persons, and produced 10,000 pounds of lead; 10 smelt- ing houses employed 389 persons, and produced gold to the amount of $255,618, with a capital of $9,832 ; 2 paper mills, producing articles to the amount of $8,785, with a capital of $5,000 ; hats and caps were manufactured to the amount of $33,167, and straw bonnets to the amount of $1,700, employing 142 persons, and a capital of $13,141 ; 353 tanneries employed 645 persons, with a capi- tal of $271,979; 238 other leather manufactories, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the amount of $185,387, with a capital of $76,163 ; 16 potteries employed 21 persons, producing articles to the amount of $6,260, with a capital of $1,531; 89 persons manufactured machinery to the amount of $43,285 ; 43 persons manufactured hardware and cutlery to the amount of $1,200 ; 698 persons manufactured carriages and wagons to the amount of $301,601, with a capital of $173,318 ; 323 flouring mills produced 87,641 barrels of flour, and with other mills employed 1,830 persons, producing articles to the amount of $1,552,096, employing a capital of $1,670,228; vessels were built to the amount of $62,800 ; 223 persons manufactured furniture to the amount of $35,002, with a capital of $57,980 ; 40 persons manufactured 1,085 small-arms ; 15 persons manufactured granite and marble to the amount of $1,083; 276 persons produced bricks and lime to the amount of $58,336; 367 persons manufactured 1,612,825 pounds of soap, 148,546 do. of tallow candles, 335 do. of spermaceti and wax candles, with a capital of $4,754; 2,802 distilleries produced 1,051,979 gal- lons, and with breweries, which produced 17,431 gallons, employed 1,422 persons, and a capital of $180,200; 33 brick or stone, and 1,822 wooden houses, employed 1,707 persons, at a cost of $410,264 ; 26 printing oflices, 4 binderies, 26 weekly, and 1 semi-weekly newspapers, and 2 peri- odicals, employed 103 persons, and a capital of $55,400. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures was $3,833,900. The University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill, 27 ms. w. n. v.'. from Raleigh, was founded in 1791. Davidson College, in Mecklenburg county, was founded in 1837. In these institutions there were in 1840, 158 students. There were in the state 141 academies, with 4,398 students, 632 com- mon and primary schools, with 14,937 scholars ; and 56,609 white persons over 20 years of age, who could neither read nor write. In the low country the Methodists and Baptists are the most numerous religious denominations. In the elevated country w. are many Presbyterians. The Methodists and Baptists have each about 20,000 communicants; the Presbyterians about 11,000. The Episcopalians have a bishop and 20 ministers ; the Lutherans have 18 ministers, 38 congregation.s, and 1,886 communicants. Besides these, there are some Moravians, Roman Catholics, Friends, &c. There were in October, 1839, in this state, 6 banks and branches, with a capital of $1,500,000, and a circulation of $1,165,857. The constitution of this state was adopted in December, 1776, which was revised and modified m 1835. The senate and house of commons are elected biennially by the people. The senate consists of 50 members, and the house of commons of 120. The senate is chosen by districts, the number apportioned by the amount of state taxes paid. The members of the house of commons are apportioned among the counties according to their population. The governor is chosen for 2 years by a joint vote of both houses, and is eligible only 4 years in 6. There is an executive council of 7 members, chosen biennially by a joint vote of both houses. In case of the death of the governor, the duty devolves upon the speaker of the senate. The judges of the supreme court are chosen by a joint ballot of both houses of the legislature, and hold their offices during good behavior. The attorney-general is appointed by the legislature for 4 years. The right of suffrage extends to all free white persons of 21 years of age, who have been inhabitants of the state for 12 months previous to the election ; but in order to vote for a senator a freeman must possess a free- hold of 50 acres of land. The legislature meets biennially at Raleigh, on the second Monday of November, and the governor is chosen in December following. The works of internal improvement are not so numerous and extensive in this, as in some other states. The Wilmington and Raleigh railroad extends from Wilmington 16U luileti to Weldon, cui NOR 480 NOR tlie Roanoke, and connects with the Portsmouth and Roanoke railroad. It was commenced in 1836, and completed in 1840. The Raleigh and Gaston railroad extends from Raleigh 85 miles to Gaston, on the Roanoke, where it unites with the Petersburg, Greenville, and Roanoke railroads. North- west canal connects Northwest river, 6 miles, with the Dismal Swamp canal. Weldon canal extends 12 miles round the falls of the Roanoke. Clubfoot and Harlow canal extends from the head waters of the Clubfoot, H m. to those of Harlow creek, near Beaufort. The first permanent settlement in this state was made on the eastern bank of the Chowan, and called Albemarle, by emigrants who fled from religious persecution from Nansemond, in Virginia, about 1660. Several previous attempts to settle it had failed. It had been granted to different proprietors at different times ; but in 1663 it was transferred to Lord Clarendon, and same others, who procured a constitution of government to be prepared for it by the celebrated John Locke. The chief magistrate was called the Palatine, and there was an hereditary nobihty. The legisla- ture was called a Parliament. This constitution was found so defective, that, in 1693, it was abol- ished. In 1729, the crown purchased the whole of the Carolinas for ;C17,500 sterling ; and the king immediately divided it into two provinces. North and South Carolina, which ever after continued separate. In 1769, this province successfully resisted the oppression of the British ministry. Two years after 1,500 of the inhabitants, assuming the name of regulators, rose in rebellion. Gov. Tryon fought and defeated them. Three hundred were killed in battle ; and of those taken, 12 were condemned for high treason, and 6 were executed. During the war of the revolution the inhabitants of this state were the devoted friends of their country. The severe battle of Guilford Court House, fought within its limits, is well known. In 1776, early in the war, this state formed a constitution, which, with some recent modifications, continues to the present time. In convention, November 27th, 1789, this state adopted the constitution of the United States ; yeas 193, nays 75 ; majority, 118. North Cr.^ven, p-o., Plymouth co., Mass., 44 s. s. E. Boston, 442 W. North Castine, p-o., Castine t., Hancock co.. Me., 72 E. Augusta, 663 W. North Castle, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 6 N. White Plains, 132 s. Albany, 263 W. The surface is hilly and stony ; soil, sandy loam and clay. Drained by Byrani r. It has 4 sch. 110 scholars. Pop. 2,053. North Charleston, p-v., Charleston t., Sul- livan CO., N. IL, 54 w. Concord, 459 W. North Chatham, p-o., Chatham t., Carroll CO., N. H., 90 N. N. E. Concord, 534 W. North Chatham, p-v., Chatham t., Barnsta- ble CO., Mass., 98 s. e. Boston, 499 W. North Chatham, p-v., Chatham t., Columbia 00., N. Y., 15 s. by e. Albany, 363 W. It con- tains 2 churches, 3 stores, I grist m., 1 saw m., 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. North Chelmsford, p-o., Chelmsford t., Mid- dlesex CO., Mass., 25 n. w. Boston. North Chenango, t., Crawford co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 4 grist m.,7sawm. Cap. in manuf. $19,000. Pop. 1,210. North Chester, p-o., Chester t., Hampden CO., Mass. North Chichester, p-v., Chichester t., Mer- rimac co., N. H., 11 e. Concord, 492 W. North Chili, p-o.. Chili t., Monroe co., N. Y., 230 w. by N. Albany, 377 W. North Clarence, p-o., Clarence t., Erie co., N. Y., 275 w. Albany, 395 W. North Clinton, p-o., Clinton t., Kennebec CO., Me., 28 N. by e. Augusta, 623 W. North Clymer, p-o., Clymer t., Chautauque CO , N. Y., 356 w. Albany, 337 W. North Codoru.s, t., V'ork co.. Pa. It has 4 stores, cap. $1,900; 14 distilleries, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,415. Pop. 1,540. North Conhocton, p-o., Conhocton t., Steu- ben CO., N. Y., 225 w. by n. Albany. North Conway, p-o., Conway t., Carroll co., N. H., 71 N. N. E. Concord, 555 W. North Cove, p-o., Burke co., N. C, 219 w. Raleigh, 449 W. No >~n Danvers. p-v., Danvers t., Essex co., Masf , iU N. N. C. iJui!U>n, 461 W. North Danville, p-o., Caledonia co., Vt., 34 N. e. Montpelier, 547 W. North Dartmouth, p-v., Dartmouth t, Bris- tol CO., Mass., 61 s. Boston, 430 W. North Dighton, p-o., Bristol co., Mass., 37 s. by w. Boston, 424 W. North Dixmont, p-o., Dixmont t., Penobscot CO., Me., 44 N. E. Augusta, 639 W. North Dorset, p-o., Dorset t., Bennington CO., Vt., 84 s. s. w. Montpelier, 439 W. North Dover, p-o., Dover t., Cuyahoga co., O., 129 N. E. by N. Columbus, 371 W. North Dunbarton, p-v., Dunbarton t., Mer- rimac co., N. H., 7 s. by w. Concord, 477 W. North East, p-t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 53 s. s. E. Albany, 332 V^. The surface is uneven and rough, containing Taghkannic mountain ; soil, generally productive. Drained by Ten Mile cr. and its tributaries. It has several ponds, and contains some lead ore. The v. contains 1 Bap- tist church, 3 stores, about 25 dwellings, and 150 inhabitants. There are in ihe t. 5 stores, cap. $16,500; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,400. 6 sch. 144 scholars. Pop. 1,385. North East, p-t., Erie co.. Pa., 10 n. e. Erie, 281 N. \v. by w. Harrisburg, 358 W. Drained by Sixteen and Twenty i>Iile creeks. It is bounded N. by Lake Erie, and E. by New York state. The b. contains 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distil- lery, 1 paper fac, 4 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,500. 2 sch. 66 scholars. Pop. 339. There are in the t., exclusive of the b., 3 stores, cap. $10,000; 2 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $2,500. 17 sch. 468 scholars. Pop. 1,793. North East, p-v., Cecil co., Md., 74 n. e. An- napolis, 84 W. Northeast Centre, p-o.. North East t., Dutchess CO., N. Y., 56 s. s. e. Albany, 329 W. North Easton, p-o., Easton t., Bristol co., Mass. North Easton, p-o., Easton t., Washington CO., N. Y., 30 N. N. E. Albany, 400 W. North East Pass, or Balize, v., Plaquemine par.. La. Situated on the s. side of the Pass of the same name, and contains about 30 houses, chiefly occupied by pilots. NOR 481 NOR North Eaton, p-o., Eaton t., Lorain co., O., 121 N N. E. Columbus, 37'J W. North EixiKcoMB, p-o., Edgecomb t., Lin- coln CO., Me., 20 s. s. E. Augusta"^ 500 W. North EriREMONT, p-v., Egremont t., Berk- shirs CO., Mas.s., 142 w. Boston, 3.i8 VV. North Ellsworth, po., ElLsworlh t., Han- cock CO., Me.. 85 E. by n. Augusta, 6S0 W. North E\d, p-o., Mathews co., Va., 'J3 e. Richmond. 173 VV. North Enfield, p-o., Enfield t., Grafton co., N. 11., 47 N. w. Concord, 490 W. Northern Liberties. (See Philadelpliia.) North FAniF.\x. p-o., Fairfax t., Franklin co., V^t., 64 N. w. 3Iontpelier, 542 W. North Fairfield, p o., Fairfield t., Somerset CO., Me., 2S N. Augusta, 623 W. North Fairfield, p-o., Huron co., O., 92 n. by E. Columbus, 395 W. North Fairiiaven, p-v., Fairhaven t., Bristol CO., Mass., 55 s. Boston, 438 W. North Falmouth, p-v., Falmouth t., Barnsta- ble CO., Mass., 67 s. s. e. Boston. 468 W. North Ff,rris»urg, po., Ferrisburg t., Ad- dison CO., Vt., 60 w. by s. Montpelier, 495 W. Northfield, pt., Washington co.. Me., 159 E. N. E. Augusta, 741 W. Incorporated in 1833. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manulac. $2,000. 2 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 232. Northfield, p-t., Merriir.ac co., N. H., 15 n. by w. Concord, 406 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, in some places fertile. Watered by a branch of Winnipiseogee r., issuing from a pond. Incor- porated in 1780. It contains a Methodi.st church, and has 2 stores, cap. $5,500; 1 fulling m., 1 cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $55,250. 11 sch. 407 scho- lars. Pop. 1,413. Northfield, pt., Franklin co., Mass., 92 w. N. w. Boston, 412 W. Situated on both sides of Connecticut r., on the \. border of the state. In- corporated in 1673. The soil is fertile, and par- ticularly on the r., where are extensive and rich intervales. The v. is on an elevated plain, a little back from the r., on the e. side, and is handsomely built, chiefly on one extended street, parallel with the r., wide and handsomely shaded, and contains 2 churches and an academy. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. §13,000; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $3,400. 1 acad. 85 students, 13 sch. 538 scholars. Pop. 1,673. Northfield, p-v., Litchfield t. and co., Ct,, 28 w. by s. Hartford, 334 W. Situated in the .s. e. part of the t. Incorporated a parish in 1794. The surface is rough and stony; soil, well adapted to grazing and some kinds of grain. It contains 1 Congregational and 1 Episcopal church. Northfield, p-t., Washington co., Vt., 10 s. s. w. Montpelier, 506 W. Watered by Dog r., which affords water power. The surface is uneven ; soil, generally fertile. It has a pleasant v. in the centre, and a manufacturing v. a mile and a half s. of it. It contains 3 stores, cap. $10,500 ; 16 lulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 6 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$266,110. 1 acad. 30 students, 17 sch. 599 scholars. Pop. 2,013. Northfield, t., Richmond co., N. Y., 3 n. Richmond, 156 s. Albany. The surface is vari- ous, having broad marshes on Stateu Island sound, and the Kills, by which n is bounded vv. and N. It has 17 stores, cap. $24,050; 8 flouring m., 4 grist m., 1 sawm. Cap. in manufac. $27,900. 6 sch. 228 scholars. Pop. 2,745. Northfield. p-t.. Summit co., O., 143 n. e.' Columbus, 342 W. The surface is moderately j uneven ; soil, fertile. The Cuyahoga r. and the] 61 Ohio canal crosses the s. w. part of the t. A small tributary of the Cuyahoga affords water power. It has 6 sch. 217 scholars. Pop. 1,031. Northfield, p-t., Washtenaw co., Mich. 43 w. Detroit, 536 W. Northfield, p-o., Boone co., la., 20 n. w. In- dianapolis, 589 W. Northfield Far.ms, p-v., Northfield t., Frank- lin CO., Mass., 96 w. by n. Boston, 407 W. North Fitchville, p-o., Fitchville t., Huron CO., O., 101 n. Columbus, 392 W. North Flat, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa. Northford, p-v.. North Brantford t.. New Haven co., Ct., 28 s. by w. Hartford, 312 W. It has 1 Presbyterian church, 3 button fac, 1 comb fac, and several dwellings. North Fork, p-o., Ashe co., N. C, 214 w. by N. Raleigh, 378 W. North Fork, p-o.. Mason co., Ky., 83 n. e. by E. Frankfort, 471 W. North Fork, t., Izard co., Ark. It has 1 store, cap. ,$4,500 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $1,935. Pop. 313. North Fork, po., Vermilion co.. 111., 146 e. by N. Springfield, 673 VV. North Frankfort, p-o., Frankfort t., Waldo CO., Me., 66 N. E. by e. Augusta. 660 W. North Franklin, Franklin t., Delaware co., N. Y., 79 w. s. w. Albany, 349 VV. North Freeman, p-o.. Freeman t., Franklin CO., Me. North Fryburgh, p-o., Fryburgh t., Oxford CO., 3Ie., 71 w. s. w. Augusta, 578 VV. North Gage, p-o., Deerfield t., Oneida co., N. Y., 92 w. N. vv. Albany, 412 W. North Galway, p-o., Galway t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 39 N. by w. Albany, 407 W. North Garden, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 89 w. N. w. Richmond, 139 W. North Georgetown, p-v., Knox t., Colum- biana CO., O., 146 n. e. by e. Columbus, 298 W. It contains 3 stores, about 40 dwellings, and 250 inhabitants. North Goshen, p-v., Goshen t., Litchfield co., Ct., 34 w. by N. Hartford, 336 W. Situated on a small branch of Naugatuck r. It has 1 Congre- gational church and several dwellings. North Granby, p-v., Granby t., Hartford co., Ct., 20 N. w. Hartford, 356 VV. It has 1 Congre- gational church and a few dwellings. North Granville, p-v., Granville t., Wash- ington CO., N. Y., 66 N. N. e. Albany, 436 W. North Greenwich, p-o., Greenwich t., Wash- ington co., N. v., 40 N. N. E. Albany, 410 VV. North Guilford, p-v., Guilford t.. New Ha- ven CO., Ct., 28 s. Hartford, 320 VV^ It contains 2 churches and seAcral neat dwellings. North IIadley, p-v., Hadley t., Hampshire CO., Mass., 94 w. Boston, 387 VV'. North Hamden, p-b., Hamden t., Delaware CO., N. Y. North Ha-mpton, p-t., Rockingham co., N. II., 50 s. e. Concord, 487 VV. It has the Atlantic ocean on its E. border. The railroad from Boston to Portsmouth passes through it. It has 1 store, cap. $2,Iohawk rivers, and their tributaries, and by Oriskany, Sadaquada, Fish, Wood, and Oneida creeks. It contains potters' clay, iron ore, gypsum, water limestone, peat, and marl. Tlie Erie canal, with the Chenango canal, and the line of western railroads, pass through it. Capitals, Utica, Rome, and Whitesboro'. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 92,669, sheep 177,070, swine 66,543 ; wheat 23S,159 bush, produced, rye 6,064, Iiid. corn 364,075, buckwheat 30,210, barley 93,331, oats 657,952, potatoes 1,574,109, hops 3S,724 pounds, sugar 286,502 ; 2 commercial and 3 commission houses, cap. $58,000 ; 3S2 stores, cap. $2,634,575 ; 5 lumber yards, cap. $55,400 ; 14 furnaces, 1 forge, 40 fulling m., 23 woollen fac, 13 cotton fac. 37,316 sp., 2 dyeing and printing establish- ments, 61 tanneries, 2 rope fac, 11 distilleries, 4 breweries, 3 glass fac, 2 potteries, 5 flouring m., 57 grist m., 243 saw m., 2 oil m., 6 paper fac, 9 printing offices, 9 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $2,829,376. 2 colleges, 190 students, 24 acad. 2,035 students, 441 sen. 20,166 scholars. Pop. 85,310. Oneida, p-t., Eaton co., Mich., 130 w. by n. Detroit, 600 W. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. Pop. 265. Oneida Castle, p-v., Vernon t., Oneida co., N. Y., 113 w. N. w. Albany, 366 W. Situated on both sides of Oneida cr. Incorporated in 1841. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, 2 stores, about 60 dwellings, and 400 in- habitants. Oneida Depot, p-o., Verona t., Madison co., N. Y. Situated on the Syracuse and Utica rail- road, and contains a few dwellings. Oneida Lake, p-o., Lenox t., Madison co., N. Y., 123 w. n. w. Albany, 372 W. Oneida r., N. Y., forms the outlet of Oneida lake. After running w. in a circuitous course, it unites with Seneca r. to form Oswego r. Oneonta, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 20 s. Coop- erstown, 79 w. Albany, 349 W. The surface is somewhat broken, with fertile flats along the streams. Watered by Susquehanna r. and its branches, Charlotte r, and Otego cr. The v. is situated on Susquehanna r., and contains 3 churches, 10 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 iron foundry, 1 tannery, 1 gi'ist ra., 1 saw m., 1 distillery, 90 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 2 furnaces, 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $23,790. 1 acad. 35 students, 13 sch. 555 scholars. Pop. 1,936. Onion, r. Vt., rises by several small streams in Cabot, and flows s. and s. w. to Montpelier, where it receives a large branch, and thence flows northwesterly, until it enters Lake Champlain, 5 ms. N. of Burlington v. From 3Iontpelier, it passes the Green mountain range, which towers precipitously on each side, with barely sufficient space on its margin at some places for tlie road which forms the only easy passage through these mountains. This r. has falls, which afford good water power. The narrow valley through which this r. passes, subjects it, at times, to great and sudden rises. Ono, p-o., Edgar co.. 111., 120 e. Springfield, 671 W. Onondaga Lake, N. Y., situated in the n. part of Onondaga co., is 8 ms. long, and from 2 to 4 broad, and is famous for the salt springs which are found on its borders, though its own waters are fresh. Onond.^ga, county, N. Y. Centrally situated toward the n. part of the state, and contains 711 sq. ms. The surface is level on the n., and moderately hilly s. The soil is a fertile calcare- ous loam. It contains Oneida, Skeneatles and Otisco lakes, and has Oneida lake on its n. e. border. Drained by Oneida and Seneca rivers, which unite and ibrm Oswego r. The brine springs of this co. are owned by the state, and yield a large revenue. In the villages of Sa- lina, Syracuse, Liverpool and Geddes, which are near together, there were produced in 1840, 2,622,335 bushels of salt, yielding a revenue to the state of $162,404. The Erie canal passes through the co., and the Oswego canal extends from Syracuse to Lake Ontario. The great western railroad also passes through it. Capital, Salina. There were in 1840, neat cattle 46,020, sheep 159,650, swine 61,733; wheat 655,799 bush, produced, rye 3,593, Ind. corn 401,303, buckwheat 14,420, barley 331,615, oats 533,762, potatoes 800,317, sugar 178,521) pounds ; 264 stores, cap. S1,0S2,300; 5 lumber yards, cap. $19,700; 2,864,634 bush, of domestic salt; 1 fur- nace, 23 fulling m., 10 woollen fee, 3 cotton fac. 3,792 sp., 43 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 1 brewery, 23 flouring m., 29 grist m., 1 14 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 paper fac, 6 printing office.s, 1 periodical, 1 daily, 5 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. ,$1,402,305. 12 acad. l,53:i students, 333 sch. 17,870 scholars. Pop. 67,911. Onondaga, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 5 s. Syracuse, 133 w. by n. Albany, 346 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, a fertile clay loam. Drain- ed by Onondaga cr. The v. contains 1 Presby- terian and 1 Episcopal church, 2 stores, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. The situ- ation is elevated, commanding a fine prospect. There are in the t. 1 acad. 224 students, 35 sch. 1,748 scholars. Pop. 5,653. Onondaga, p-o., Ingham co., Mich., 96 w. by N. Detroit, 582 W. Onondaga, p-o., Marshall co., la., 122 n. Indi- anapolis, 641 W. Onondaga Hollow, p-v., Onondaga t., Onon- daga CO., N. Y., 4 s. Syracuse, 131 w. by n. Albany, 344 W. It contains 1 Presbyterian and ONT 496 ORA 1 Methodist church, an academy, 3 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 plaster m., 100 dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. Three ins. s. are the remains of the tribe of Onondaga Indians, amounting to the number of 350 persons. Onslow Bay, N. C, a name given to a por- tion of the Atlantic, between Cape Fear and Cape Looliout, where the shore has a considera- ble curve inward, along which, at a distance from it of from 1 to 2 ms., stretches a chain of nar- row, long and low islands, with shallow inlets between them. Onslow, county, N. C. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. The surface is low and level. Drained by New r. and its branches. Capital, Onslow C. H. There •were in 1840, neat cattle 9,003, sheep 5,161, swine 23,128; wheat 2,117 bush, produced, rye 1,556, Ind. corn 22S,759, oats 8,126, potatoes 74,924, rice 4,411 pounds, cotton 218,104 ; 4 stores, cap. $35,000 ; 3 llouring m., 18 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,825. 3 sch. 71 schol- ars. Pop. whites 4,675, slaves 2,739, free col'd 113; total, 7,.527. Onslow, C. H., p-v., capital of Onslow co., N. C, 145 s. E. Raleigh, 37^ W. Situated on the E. side of New r. It contains a court house and a few dwellings. Ontario Lake, N. Y. The easternmost of the great chain of lakes of North America. It re- ceives the waters of the upper lakes through Niagara r., and discharges its waters through the St. Lawrence r. into the Atlantic, which is nearly 1,000 ms. distant from it. It is about 190 ms. long, 55 wide, and 480 ms. in circumference. The middle of it forms the boundary between the United States and Canada. It is navigable throughout its whole extent for vessels of the largest class, and is in some places more than 600 feet deep. The surface is 334 feet lower than Lake Erie, with which it is connected by the Welland canal in Canada, and the Niagara r. Many vessels and steamboats are employed upon it, and so great is its depth that it rarely freezes in the winter, excepting in shallow places near the shore. It has several important places on its shores, as Kingston, Toronto, Niagara and Coburg, in Canada ; and Oswego, Sackett's Har- bor, and Port Genesee or Charlotte, in the United States. The Oswego and Erie canals, and Hud- son r., connect it with the Atlantic. Much of the trade of New York with the west passes through it, by the Oswego and Welland canals. Ontario, county, N. Y. Situated centrally in the w. part of the state, and contains 617 sq. ms. The surface is various ; the soil is generally a fertile loam. It has Canandaigua lake in the centre, Seneca lake on the e., and Candia, Honeoye, and Hemlock lakes on the w. The outlet of Canandaigua lake flows into Seneca r. The lakes further w. discharge their waters into Genesee r. Iron ore, gypsum, and marl, are found abundantly. It contains a spring, which emits carburetted hydrogen, or inflammable gas, and some sulphur springs. The Erie canal touches its n. border, and the Auburn and Ro- chester railroad passes through it. Capital, Can- andaigua. There were in 1840, neat cattle 34,300, sheep 172,190, swine 46,837 ; wheat 770,235 bush, produced, rye 6,162, Indian corn 246,018, buck- wheat 16,961, barley 117,060, oats 462,266, pota- toes 395,844, sugar 183,273 pounds ; 136 stores, cap. $535,500; 5 lumber yards, cap. $5,300; 27 fulling m., 10 woollen fac, 20 tanneries, 14 distil- leries, 3 breweries, 3 potteries, 23 flouring m., 35 grist m., 92 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 6 print- ing oflSces, 3 binderies, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $1,043,535. 1 college, 146 stu- dents, 18 acad. 1,372 students, 242 sch. 12,427 scholars. Pop. 43,500. Ontario, p-t , Wayne co., N. Y., 22 w. Lyons, 205 w. by N. Albany, 362 W. The surface is level ; soil, gravelly and sandy loam. Drained by small streams flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the n. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,600. 10 sch. 423 scholars. Pop. 1,889. Ontario, p-o., Richland co., O., 60 n. by e. Columbus, 385 W. Ontwa, t., Cass CO., Mich. It has 6 stores, cap. $37,000 ; 1 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,857. 1 sch. 63 scholars. Pop. 543. Onward, p-o., Stewart co., Tenn., 88 w. n. w. Na.shvil!e, 769 W. Oostenaula, r., Tenn. and Ga., rises in Ten- nessee, and, flowing s., it unites with the Etowah r. to form the Coosa r. It is the northernmost stream e. of the Mississippi which flows into the Gulf of Mexico. Oostenaula, p-o., Hamilton co., Tenn., 140 s. E. Nashville, 596 W. Opellikau, p-o., Russell co., Ala., 171 e. s. e. Tuscaloosa, 784 W. Opelousas, p-v., capital of St. Landry par., La., 217 w. N. w. New Orleans, 1,242 W. Situ- ated on a branch of Teche r. It is surrounded by a level and pleasant country. It contains Franklin College, founded in 1839. It has a president, 3 professors, or other instructors, and 70 students. The commencement is on the 1st of November. It contains a court house, a U. S. land office, 3 stores, and about 500 inhabitants. OpoRTA, p-o., St. Joseph CO., Mich., 135 w. s. w. Detroit, 583 W. Oppenheim, p-t., Fulton co., N. Y., 64 n. \v. Albany, 402 W. The surface is partly hilly; soil, various. East Canada cr. bounds it on the w. Drained by several streams, which flow into Mohawk r. It has 1 store, cap. $1,300; 3 tan- neries, 17 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac $16,100; 13 sch. 601 scholars. Pop. 2,169. OauAwiiA, p-v., capital of Henderson co.. 111., 133 N. w. Springfield, 868 W. Situated on the E. bank of the Mississippi r., and contains a few stores and dwellings. Oran, p-v., Pompey t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 119 w. by N. Albany, 348 W. It contains 1 church, 1 store, 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. Orange, county, Vt. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 650 sq. ms. Organized in 1781. The n. w. part is mountainous, lying on the E. range of the Green mountains. The rocks in the n. and central part are chiefly gran- ite. A range of argillaceous slate extends through the w. part. Large quantities of sulphuret of iron are found in Strafford, and some lead ore in Thetford. Connecticut r. bounds it on the e. Drained by Ompompanoosuc and Wait's rivers, and by branches of White r. Capital, Chelsea. There were in 1840, neat cattle 36,853, sheep 156,053, swine 22,516 ; wheat 69,565 bush, pro- duced, rye 11,933, Indian corn 120,543, buck- wheat 30,144, barley 5,265, oats 245,878, potatoes 1,055,379, sugar 420,639 pounds; 60 stores, cap. $208,200 ; 22 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 26 tan- neries, 33 grist m., 109 saw m., 2 oil m., 2 paper fac, 1 printing oflfice. Cap. in manufac. $294,360. 6 acad. 994 students, 267 schools 9,622 scholars. Pop. 27,873. Orange, county, N. Y. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 760 sq. miles. A part of it is mountainous, having Shawangunk mountains in the w. part, and the Highlands in ORA 497 ORA the s. E. The remainder consists of gentle hills, and pleasant and fertile valleys. The soil is productive, and particularly adapted to grazing. It is celebrated for its fine dairies, and Orange county butter is universally known and highly valued in the New York market. Drained by Delaware r. and its tributaries in the w., Wall- kill in the centre, and Hudson r. bounds it on the E. The Delaware and Hud.son canal crosses its \v. part, and the New York and Erie railroad is finished and in operation, 45 ms., from Picrmonl, on Hudson r., to Goshen. Capitals, Goshen and Newburgh. There were in 1840, neat cattle 54,799, sheep 50,218, swine 47,0^.4 ; wheat 94,774 bushels produced, rye 326,6RS, Ind. com 410,194. buckwheat 112,883, barley 1,879, oats 417,70]; potatoes 359,563, hops 1,845 pounds ; value of the products of the dairy, $609,866; 471 stores, cap. $1,191,295; 21 lumber yards, cap. ,$85,000; 3 furnaces, 14 fulling m., 13 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 3.520 sp., 28 tanneries, 41 distilleries, 1 brew- ery, 3 potteries, 4 flouring m., 58 grist m., 100 saw m., 4 paper fac, 6 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 periodicals, 5 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $1,515,415. 21 acarl. 1,409 students, 170 sch. 8,727 .scholars. Pop. 50,739. Or.\nge. county, Va. Situated in the central part of the state, and contains 380 square miles. Rapidan r. runs on its n. border. Drained by branches of North Anna and Rivanna rivers. The surface is hilly; soil, fertile. Capital, Or- ange C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,399, sheep 10,703, swine 15,026; wheat 97,747 bush, produced, rye 8,420, Indian corn 394,784, buckwheat 114, oats 91,671, potatoes 20,897, to- bacco 416,335 pounds, cotton 2,061 ; 15 stores, cap. $95,3(X) ; 8 smelting houses, producing gold to the amount of $81,000 ; 7 tanneries, 6 flouring m., 24 grist m., 20 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $115,600. 5 acad. 41 students, 26 sch. 347 schol- ar^. Pop. whites 3,575, slaves 5,364, free col'd 186; total, 9,125. Or.\nge, county, N. C. Centrally situated toward the n. part of the state, and contains 1,300 sq. ms. Drained by branches of Neuse and Haw rivers. Capital, Ilillsboro'. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,507, sheep 46,3tO, swine 2S,131 ; wheat 87,579 bush, produced, rye 2,643, Indian corn 388,426, oats 81,613, potatoes 14,847, tobac- co 262,882 pounds, cotton 253,437; 12 stores, cap. $72,000; 3 cotton fac. 2,360 sp., 11 tanneries, 11 distilleries, 1 pottery, IS flouring m., 27 grist m., 25 saw m., 3 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $102,830. 5 acad. 209 students, 7 sch. 157 scholars. Pop. whites 16,771, slaves 6,954, free col'd 613 ; total, 24,356. Orange, county, la. Centrally situated to- ward the s. part of the state, and contains '400 sq. ms. Drained by Lost r., and Lick and Patoka creeks, wliii'li afford good water power. The surface is hilly and broken. The macadamized road from New Albany to Vincennes is located through the co. Capital, Paoli. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,508, sheep 15.678, swine 22,230; wheat 140,864 bush, produced, rye 1,991, Ind. corn 529,927, oats 149,796, tobacco 268,527 pounds, sugar 2'i,968 ; 27 stores, cap. $3^,925 ; 5 tanneries, 4 di-stilleries, 3 potteries, 14 grist m., 5 saw m., 2 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 periodical, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manulac. $51,032. 40 sch. 974 scholars. Pop. 9,602. Orange, p-t.. Orange co., Vt., 14 s. e. Montpe- lier, 5-7 W. The soil i.s cold and wet, but adapted to grazing ; the surface is uneven. The rocks are chiefly granite, in which are found beautiful small plates of white mica, several inches square. Drained by Jail branch, wiiich flows into the s. 63 branch of Onion r., and by head branches of Wait's r., which flow into Connecticut r. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 3 tanneries, 2 potteries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 5 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 oil m. Capital in manufac. $92,700. 12 sch. 323 scholars. Pop. 984. Orange, t., Grafton co., N. H., 40 n. w. Con- cord. The surface is uneven ; soil, generally productive. It has a pond in tlie s. w. part, the outlet of which flows into Smith's r. On the bor- ders of this pond is found a yellow pauit. Ochre is also found, and exported in large quantities. Chartered in 1769, by the name of Cardigan, which is now the name of a mountain in its s. e. part. It has 1 pottery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 4 sch. 207 scholars. Pop. 463. Orange, p-t., Franklin Co., Mass., 74 w. Bos- ton, 415 W. The surface is uneven and rough ; soil, adapted to grazing. Drained by Miller's r., which affords good water power. Incorporated in 1783. It has 6 stores, cap. $15,100 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. !''l9,250. 12 sch. 424 scholars. Pop. 1,501. Orange, t.. New Haven co., Ct., 4 s. w. New Haven. Organized in 1822, from New Haven and 3Iilford. Tlie v., formerly called West Ha- ven, is a neat and quiet place, and contains a Congregational and an Episcopal church. There is a Congregational church in the parish formerly called North 3Iilford. Some silver and copper ore have been obtained here. Drained by Wo- pewaug r. There are in the t. 3 stores, capital $1,800; 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,800. 8 sch. 423 scholars. Pop. 1,329. Orange, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 201 w. by s. Albany, 313 W. The surface is elevated and rolling ; soil, adapted to grass and to grain. Drained by Mead's cr. It has 2 stores, capital $5,000 ; 1 tannery, 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $250. 10 sch. 525 scholars. Pop. 1,824. Orange, p-t., Esse.v co., N. J., 4j n. w. New- ark, 53 N. e. Trenton, 219 W. The surface is mountainous or rolling; soil, red shale, generally well cultivated. Drained by Second river and branches of Rahway r. The v. extends 2 or 3 miles along the turnpike road, and contains 4 churches — 1 Episcopal, 2 Presbyterian, and 1 Methodi.'^t — 10 stores, 2 saw m., and about 220 dwellings. Near-it is a chalybeate spring, much resorted to. The v. of South Orange is 5 msl w. Newark, and contains 1 Presbyterian church, 1 store, 1 paper factory, and about 30 dwellings. There are in the t. 10 stores, cap. $27,800 ; 1 tan- nery. Cap. in manufac. $76,750. 8 schools 330 scholars. Pop. 3,261. Orange, t., Cuyahoga co., O. The E. branch of Chagrin r. crosses its s. e. corner, where is Chagrin falls, where the water falls over a rock 23 feet perpendicularly, affording good water power, where is a thriving v. It has 4 stores, cap. $5,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 flour- ing m., 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$3,050. 8 sch. 380 scholars. Pop. 1,113. Orange, t., Hancock co., O. It has 3 sch. 101 scholars. Pop. 314. Orange, t., 3Ieigs co., O. It has 1 store, cap. 8200 ; 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Capital in manufac. $2,200. 6 sch. 220 scholars. Pop. 830. Orange, t., Shelby co., O. It has 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,730. 2.sch.55suhrs. Pop. 783. Orange, p-o., Au.stintown t., Trumbull co., O., 169 N. e. Columbus, 298 W. Orange, t.. Noble co., la. It has 1 store, cap. $3,iiOJ; 1 saw m., 1 sch. 18 scholars. Pop. 242 Orange, p-o., Branch co., IVIich., 116 w. s. w Detroit, 567 W. ORE 498 ORE Orange, t., Macomb co., Mich. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain and grass. Pop. 193. Orange, p-v., Cherokee co., Ga., 129 n. w. Milledgeville, 660 W. Orange, p-t., Fayette co., la., 49 e. by s. In- dianapolis, 535 W. Pop. 1,187. Orangeburg, p-v., Marion co., Miss., 102 s. s. e. Jackson, 1,052 W. Orangeburg, dist., S. C. Situated a little s. of the centre of the state, and contains 1,824 sq. ms. Congaree r. runs on its e. border, and South Edisto r. on its s. border. Watered by JVorth Edisto r. and its branches. Capital, Orangeburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 22,507, sheep 3,523, swine 33,383 ; wheat 12,490 bush, produced, rye 577, Ind. corn 477,011, oats 12,357, potatoes 74,240, rice 510,670 pounds, cot- ton 878,370 ; 18 stores, cap. $42,100 ; 67 grist m., 78 saw m. 1 acad. 40 students, 1 1 sch. 236 scho- lars. Pop. whites 6,321, slaves 11,934, free col'd 264; total, 18,519. Orangeburg, C. H., p-v., capital of Orange- burg dist., S. C, 43 s. by e. Columbia. Situated on the E. bank of North Edisto r. It contains a court house, jail, an academy, and several stores and about 500 inhabitants. Orange, C. H., p-v., capital of Orange co., Va., 84 n. w. Richmond, 94 W. Situated at the foot of S. W. mountain. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist — a female academy, 9 stores, 1 printing office issuing a weekly newspaper, and about 60 dwell- ings, mostly of brick, and 500 inhabitants. Orange Springs, p-v.. Orange co., Va., 76 n. w. Richmond, 98 W. Orangetovvn, t., Rockland co., N. Y., 123 s. Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay, blended with red shale. Hudson r. flows on its e. border. Drained by Hackensack r. It contains the v. of Piermont, where the New York and Erie railroad terminates, on Hudson r. There are in the t. 30 stores, cap. $51,100 ; 4 lumber yards, cap. $45,000 ; 1 cotton fac. 576 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 7 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,674. 8 sch. 312 scholars. Pop. 2,771. Orangeville, p-t., Genesee co., N. Y., 257 w. Albany, 369 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay loam, well adapted to grass. Drained by Tona- wanda cr. and its tributaries. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,750. 16 sch. 659 scholars. Pop. 1,949. Orangeville, p-v., Bloom t., Columbia co., Pa., 5 N. Bloomsburg, 81 n. by e. Harrisburg, 191 W. Situated on Fishing cr., and contains 2 stores, and about 40 dwellings. Orangeville, p-o., Trumbull co., O., 194 n. e. Columbus, 300 W. Orbisonia, p-o., Huntingdon co., Pa., 81 w. Harrisburg, 125 W. OREGON TERRITORY. The Oregon Territory consists of a large extent of country lying between the Rocky mountains and the Pacific ocean, and drained by the Columbia river and its tributaries. The boundaries of this country are not entirely settled. The natural boundaries of this territory are — on the easf, the Rocky mountains, extending about 900 miles from the 41° to the 54° n. lat. ; on the south, the Snowy moimtains, extending from the Rocky mountains to Cape Mendocino, on tlie Pacific, in 40° N. lat. ; on the west, the Pacific ocean, about 500 miles due n. to Cape Flattery, at the entrance of the Strait of Fuca, about lat. n. 48° ; and on the north, by a line extending from Cape Flattery about 120 miles n. e., and thence a line along the highlands separating tiie waters of the Columbia from those of Frazer's river, to the Rocky mountains. The coimtry thus described contains about 350,000 square miles. The United States claim the country from the 42° to the 54° of n. lat. ; while the British urge their claim to the country, as far south as the Columbia river ; and both parties occupy the country. The territory drained by the Columbia presents a constant succession of mountain ridges and valleys, or plains of small extent. The principal ridges are two in number, besides the Rocky mountains, running nearly parallel to each other and to the coast ; and the country is thus divided into three great regions, which differ materially in climate, soil, and productiveness. The first re- gion, or low country, is that between the coast and the chain of mountains nearest to the sea ; the second region is between the mountains nearest the sea and the middle ridge, called the Blue mountains; and the third region or high country, is between the Blue mountains and the Rocky mountains. All these divisions are crossed by the Columbia, the main stream of which is formed in the middle region, by the union of several branches flowing from the Rocky mountains, and receiving in their course supplies from innumerable smaller tributaries, draining the intermediate countries. The distance from the coast to the nearest chain is, in some places, 100 miles ; in others much less. The intervening country is crossed in various direction.^ by low ridges connected with the principal chain, some of them parallel to it, and others stretching toward the ocean. From this region the Wallamette river comes more than 200 miles, in a direction nearly due N., and enters the Columbia on its s. side. The valley through which it passes is said to be the most delightful and fertile in Northwestern America. The climate of the region between the ocean and the first range, though not unhealthy, is not very favorable to agriculture. The summer is warm and dry. From April to October, while the westerly winds prevail, rain seldom falls in any part of Oregon ; during the other months, when the south wind blows constantly, the rains are almost incessant in the lower region, though sometimes the dry season continues there longer. I'urther from the Pacific, the rains are less frequent and abundant ; and near the Rocky mountains they are reduced to a few showers in the spring. In the valleys of the low country snow is rarely seen, and the ground is so little frozen that ploughing may generally be done during the whole winter. Most oi the ORE 499 ORE productions of the northern states, excepting Indian corn, succeed tolerably well. Horses and neat cattle will subsist without fodder through the winter. The second bottoms of the rivers, being above inundation, are extremely fertile, and prairies are considerably numerous and exten- sive. The forests on the uplands, although the soil is tolerably good, abound with such enormous trees, as almost to defy cultivation. A fir tree growing near Astoria, on the Columbia, 8 miles from the sea, was 46 feet in circumference 10 feet from the ground, and 153 feet in length before giving off a single branch, and not less than 300 feet in its whole height. Another tree of the same species, on the banks of the Umqua, was 57 feet in circumference, and 216 feet in length below its branches ; and sound pines from 200 to 2S0 feet in height, and from 20 to 40 feet in cir- cumference, are not uncommon. The middle region of Oregon, between the mountains nearest the coast and the Blue mountains on the east, is more elevated and dry, and less fertile than the low country. It consists cliiefly of plains, between ridges of mountains, the soil of which is generally a yellow sandy clay, covered with grass, small shrubs, and prickly pears. Timber is very scarce ; the trees are of soft and use- less woods, such as cotton-wood, sumac, and willow, which are found only in the neighborhood of streams. The climate is salubrious, the au- is dry in summer, the days warm, and the nights cool. The rain begins later and ends sooner than in the lower country. Tiiis country is poorly adapted to cultivation, but is well suited to grazing, the grass being abundant in a green or dry state through the year. Horses are here reared in abundance by the Indians, some of whom own hundreds of them. The Blue mountains on the e. of this region extend through the whole territory of the Co- lumbia, though frequently broken into several ridges. These mountains are steep, with a volcanic appearance, and their highest peaks are covered with perpetual snow. The third and last division of Oregon lies between the Blue mountains on the w., and the Rocky mountains on the E. The southern part of this region is a desert of steep rocky mountains, deep narrow valleys, and wide plains covered with sand and gravel. There is little snow in the val- leys in tlie winter, but much on the mountains. It rarely rains, and no dew falls. The difference between the temperature at sunrise and at noon in summer, is often 40 degrees. The Columbia is the great river of this territory. The northern branch, which retains the name of the principal stream, rises in the Rocky mountains, in about 54° of n. lat., and pursues a southern course to lat. 52°, where it is joined by two other streams, one coming from the s. along the base of the Rocky mountains, and the other rising in a gorge of that chain in lat. 53°, its head being a small lake, which is within a few feet of another, whence the waters run into the Atha- ba.sca, one of the branches of McKenzie's river, which flows to the Arctic ocean. Two hundred miles south of the junction, the Columbia receives McGillivray's river, and a little lower down Clark's river, which, at the place of union, is nearly as large as the Columbia. The sources of Clark's river are near those of the Missouri, and the intervening ridge is not very high, allowing of an easy pass across the mountains. In its course, Clark's river spreads out into a lake, 35 miles long and 5 or 6 broad, situated in a rich valley, surrounded by snow-clad mountains of great eleva- tion. Ju.st before the passage of the Columbia through the Blue mountains, Clark's river enters it ; and just above its entrance are the Kettle falls in Clark's river. Thence tlie Columbia flows w. 100 miles to its junction with the Okannagan, a large stream from the n. In lat. 46° 8' the Colum- bia is joined by Lewis river, its great southern branch. It rises in an angle formed by the junction of Rocky and Snowy mountains, between the 42° and 44° of n. lat., near the sources of the Colo- rado, the Platte, the Yellow Stone, and the Missouri rivers. It thence flows along the foot of the Snowy mts. to the Blue mts., through one ridge of which it passes near the 43° of lat., having there the Salmon or Fishing falls. It then runs n. w. to its junction with the Columbia, having received several small rivers in its course, the largest of which are Wapticacos and Salmon rivers from the E. The Columbia, just below the junction of its 2 great brandies, receives the Walla-walla, Falls, and other rivers from the south, and then passes tlie range of mountains nearest the Pacific, in lat. 46°. Below the mouth of the Walla-walla, and before passing the mountains, the Columbia has rapids, impassable at low water, but passable at high water, both up and down. Five miles below them are the Dalle, feet above the level of the river, and contains 2 siorcs, and about 200 inliabitanis. There are in I he t. 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $li,775. 3 sch. 103 scholars. Pop. 480. Otsego, p-o.. Lake co , III., 250 n. n. e. Spring- field, 756 W. 61 Otselic, cr., N. Y., rises in Madison co., anil flowing through parts of ( 'henango, Cortland, and Broome counties, enters Toughnioga r. It affords good water power. Otselic, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 15 n. w. Norwich, 86 w. by s. Albany, 314 W. The sur- fiice is hilly, and somewhat broken ; soil, clay loam, and heavily timbered. Drained by Oste- lic cr. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,300. 14 sch. 521 scholars. Pop. 1,621. Otsquaga, cr., N. Y., rises in the s. part of Herkimer co., and enters the Mohawk r. in Mont- gomery CO. Otter Bridge, p-o., Bedford co.. Pa., 134 w. Harrisburg, 209 VV. Otter, cr., Vt., the longest stream which runs wholly in the state, rises in Mount Tabor t., in the s. E. part of Rutland co., and flows 5 ms. s. into the n. e. part of Bennington co., and in Dor- set turns to the n., and flows in a general course of N. by. w. until it enters Lake Champlain in Ferrisburgh. It is navigable for the largest lake vessels 6 ms. to Vergennes. From Middlebury to Pitlsford, 25 ms., it is boatable. It has fine falls at iMiddlebury, Weybridge, and Vergennes, affording extensive water power. The large vessels of McDonough's squadron, and several of the largest steamboats, have been built at Vergennes. Otter Creek, p-o., Vigo co., la., 81 w. by s. Indianapolis, 653 W. Otter, l'reek, p-o., Jersey co., III., 80 s. w. Springfield, 830 W. Otter, Peaks of, Va., are the summits of the Blue Ridge, and the highest land in the slate The E. peak is 3,104 feet high, and the w. 2,946 feet. Other statements make the greatest eleva- tion 4,260 feet. They are situated between Bed- ford and Boltetourt counties, 30 w. by n. Lynch- burg. Otter Village, p-v., Ripley co., la., 67 s. e. Indianapolis. Otto, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 10 n. w. Ellicottville, 306 vv. by s. Albany, 348 W. The surface is elevated and broken ; soil, gravelly and clay loam. Cattaraugus cr. bounds it on the N., by which, and its tributaries, it is drained. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw. Cap. in n)anufac. $9,800. 12 sch. 639 scholars. Pop. 2,133. Ottobinp:, p-o., Rockbridge co., Va., 144 w. Richmond, 144 W. Ottowa, county, O. Situated toward the n. w. part of the staie, bounded by Lake Erie on the N., and contains 350 sq. ms. Drained by Porta<^e and Toussaint rivers. Sandusky bay lies on its s. k. border. Surface level ; soil, fer- tile. Capital, Port Clinton. There were in 1810, neat catile 327, sheep l,4S9, swine 5,074; wheat 14,5)6 bush, produced, rye 1,693, Ind. corn 36'757. buckwheat 1,522, oats 3,465, potatoes 15,734, sugar 9,449 pounds ; 5 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 tonnery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $12,400. 4 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. 2,213. Ottowa, county, 3Iich. Situated in the n. w. part of the settled portion of the penhisula, and contains 700 sq. ms. The surface is rolling, with sand bluffs on the lake shore ; soi'. fertile. Lake 3Iichigan bounds it on the w. Drained by Grand r. and its tributaries, and .Maskegon r. Capital, Grand Haven. 'J'here were in 1840, neat cattle 269, swine 492 ; wheal 1,226 bush, produced, Ind. corn 3,9.50, oats 2,235, potatoes 7,741, sugar 12,229 pounds ; 2 commission houses, cap. $1,000 ; 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 tannery, 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $104,500. Pop. 203. OWA 506 OWE Otto w A, p-t., Ottowa co., O., 132 n. Colum- bus, 450 W. It has 2 commission houses, cap. $1,000; 2 stores, cap. $3,500; 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. !|:i5,000. Ottow.\, p-v., capital of La Salle co., 111., 133 N. N. E. Springfield, 773 W. Situated on both sides of Illinois r., at the junction of Fox r. The r. here is deep, and there is a convenient steam- boat landing ; but the rapids for the distance of 8 or 9 ms. below require higii water for the ap- proach of steamboats. It was founded in 1830, and contains a court house, 10 stores, about 80 dwellings, and 500 inliabitants. It possesses an extensive water power. Ottsville, p-v., Nockamixon t., Bucks co.. Pa., 112 E. Harrisburg, 174 W. It contains a store and 6 or 8 dwellings. Oury's, p-o., Hamilton co., O., 121 s. w. by w. Columbus, 508 W. Overslaugh, N. Y., consists of a succession of bars and flats in Hudson r., 3 ms. below Alba- ny, rendering the channel shallow and winding. By walls on the sides of the r., erected by the government of the United States, the main bed of the r. has been narrowed, and the navigation improved. Overton, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 890 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Obies r. and its branches, and by Roaring or. Surface undulating ; soil, fertile, especially along the streams. Capital, Monroe. There •were in 1840, neat cattle 12,213, sheep 11,011, swine 42,034 ; wheat 38,452 bush, produced, rye 3,713, Ind. corn 541,647, oats 77,GSi, potatoes 19,464, tobacco 261,160 pounds, cotton 18,949, sugar 31,339; 15 stores, cap. $45,81)0; 2 forges, 5 tanneries, 53 distilleries, 2 powder m., 28 grist m., 14 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $4,828. 20 sch. 618 scholars. Pop. whites 8,334, slaves 889, free col'd 56 ; total, 9,279. Overton, p-v., capital of Claiborne parish, La., 406 N. w. New Orleans, 1,276 W. Situated on the E. side of Dorcheat bayou. It contains a court house, several stores, and about 10 dwell- ings. Ovid, p-t., and semi-capital of Seneca co., N. Y., 189 w. Albany, 323 W. Situated between Cayuga lake on the e., and Seneca lake on the \v. The surface is elevated in the middle, and declines toward each lake. The soil is fertile. Drained by several fine mill-streams, which flow into the lakes. The v. is situated at an equal distance from the 2 lakes, and contains a court house, jail, 3 churches— I Presbyterian, 1 Bap- tist, and 1 Methodist— an academy, 8 stores, 100 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. There are in the t. 2 tanneries, 1 printing oflice, 1 week- ly newspaper, 1 grist m. Cap in manufac. $5,200. 1 acad. 48 students, 8 sch. 308 scholars. Pop. 2,721. Ovid, p-o., Jefferson t., Franklin co., O., 17 e. by N. Columbus, 388 W. Ovid, p-t.. Branch co., Mich. It has 1 saw in. Cap. in maauiac. $1,200. 4 sch. 55 scholars. Pop. 369. Ovid, p-v., Madison co., la., 36 n. e. Indian- apolis, 551 W. Ovid Centre, p-o., Ovid t., Seneca co., N. Y. (See Ovid t.) OwA-sco Lake, Cayuga co., N. Y., is 12 miles long, and about 1 m. wide. Its waters are pure, and abound with trout and other fish. Its banks present much picturesque beauty. Owasco outlet, N. Y., flows from Owasco lake, 2 ms. s. Auburn, and empties into Seneca r., in the town of Mentz. It affords extensive water power. Owasco, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y. 3 s. e. Au- burn, 162 w. Albany, 334 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, a fertile loam, highly cultivated. Owasco lake lies on its s. vv. border. Drained by small streams which flow into the lake. The v. contains 2 churches, 1 store, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. There are in the t. 1 store, cap. $5,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,100. 7 sch. 831 scholars. Pop. 1,319. OwAsso, p-t., Shiawassee co., Mich., 82 n. vv. Detroit, 585 W. The v. is situated on Shiawas- see r., and contains a store, and a number of dwellings. The t. has 3 stores, cap. $6,000; 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,328. 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 234. Owego, creek, N. Y., rises in Cortland and Tompkins counties, and enters the Susquehanna r. at Owego v. It passes several pleasant vil- lages, and affords extensive water power. Owego, p-t., capital of Tioga co., N. Y., 161 w. s. w. Albany, 275 W. The surface is hilly, with extensive flats along the Susquehanna r. Drained by Owego cr. and Susquehanna r. The V. is situated on the n. side of the Susquehanna r. It was incorporated in 1327, and contains a court house, jail, county clerk's office, an acade- my, a banking house, 4 churches — 1 Presbyte- rian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 30 stores, 1 steam furnace and machine shop, 1 woollen fac, 1 flouring m., 4 saw m., 1 axe fac, 1 plaster m., 1 tannery, 1 pail and tub fac, 2 printing offices, 300 dwellings, and about 1,800 inhabitants. There are in the t. 36 stores, cap. $196,000; 2 printing oflices, 2 weekly newspa- pers, 8 grist m., 52 saw m., 2 oil. Cap. in manu- fac. $93,681. 1 acad. 268 students, 1,399 schol- ars in schools. Pop. 5,310. Owen, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 320 sq. ms. Kentucky r. runs on its s. w. border. Drained by Eagle cr. Capital, New Liberty. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,726, sheep 11,810, swine 19,800; wheat 61,020 bush, produced, rye 3,913, Ind. corn 368,575, oats 59,965, potatoes 8,357, tobacco 776,969 pounds, sugar 18,457 ; 13 stores, cap. $86,100; 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 11 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,018. 17 sch. 511 scholars. Pop. whites 6,915, slaves 1,281, free col'd 36 ; total 8,23.!. Owen, county, la. Situated a little s. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 396 sq. ms. The surface is gently undiilating ; soil, fertile and well timbered. Watered by the w. fork of White r. and its tributaries, and 5lill cr., a branch of Eel r., which afford extensive water povver, in the vicinity of which is iron ore. Capital, Spen- cer. There were in 1840, neat cattle tS,450, sheep 9,578, swine 24,971 ; wheat 47,082 busii. produced, rye 1,990, Ind. corn 387,050, oats 45,26.5, potatoes 11,969, tobacco 41,744 pounds, sugar 69,131; 19 stores, cap. $39,125; 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 1 flouring m.,25 grist m., 16 sawm., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $29,565. 19 sch. 558 scholars. Pop. 8,359. Owen Hill, p-o., Williamson co., Tenn. Owen's, p-o., Scott co., Ky., 26 n. e. Frank- fort, 536 W. OwENsuoRo', p-v., and capital of Daviess co., Ky., 166 w. s. w. Frankfort, 6J3 W. Situated on the s. side of Ohio r., and contains a court house, a church, 5 stores, and about 200 inhabitants. Owen's Station, p-o., St. Louis co.. Mo., 126 E. by N. Jefferson City, 822 W. OwENsviLLE, p-v., Somers t., Westchester co., N. Y., 115 s. Albany, 283 W. Situated on Cro- ton r., and contains 1 store, 1 paper m., 1 grist m., OXF 507 OXF 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, and 15 or 20 dwell- ings. OwENsviLLK, p-o., Stonclick t., Clermont cc, O., 100 s. w. Columbus, 471 W. OwEN'sviLi.K, p-v., Gib.son co., la., 152 s. w. Indianapolis, 722 W. OwENsviLLE, p-v., Sampson co., N. C, 84 s. s. E. Raleigh, 336 W. OwENsviLLE, p-v., SalLnc co., Ark., 33 s. w. Little Rock, 1,098 W. OWENSVILLE, p-0., ClajT CO., 3Io., 174 W. N. w. Jefferson City, 1,0S7 VV. OwENTON, p-v., Owen co., Ky,, 28 N. Frank- fort, 551 W. Owing's Mills, p-o., Baltimore co., Md., 42 N. Annapolis, 52 W. OwiNGSviLLE, p-o., Anne Arundel co., Md. OwiXGSviLLE, p-v., capital of Bath co., Ky., 73 E. Frankfort, 49J W. Situated a little vv. of Slate cr., a branch of Licking r. It contains a court house, 2 stores, and 251 inhabitants. Owl Creek, po., Knox co., O. Owl Prairie, p-o., Daviess co., la., 90 s. w. Indianapoli-s 657 W. Oxbow, p-v., Antwerp t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 176 N. w. Albany, 445 W. Situated on Oswe- gatchie r., and contain.^ 1 church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 savvm., 1 pocket furnace, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Oxford, county. Me. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 1,600 sq. ms. It con- tains a number of lakes in the n. part, connected together, which flow into Umbagog lake, and thence into the Androscoggin r., by which and its branches, and by Saco r., it is drained. The surface is generally rough, and in some parts mountainous ; but much of the soil is fertile Capital, Paris. There were in 1840, neat cattle 24,995, sheep 63,507, swine 8,229 ; wheat 66,696 bush, produced, rye 29,312, Ind. corn 83,339, buckwheat 4,852, barley 7,075, oats 110,172, pota- toes 669,684, sugar 19,158 pounds ; 59 stores, cap. $51,258; 1 furnace, 10 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 26 tanneries, 6 flouring m., 37 grist in., 03 saw m., 3 oil m., 1 paper fac, 1 printing ofHce, 1 week- ly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $129,444. 8 acad. 359 students, 309 sch. 14,330 sciiolars. Pop. 38,351. O.VFORD, p-t., Oxford CO., 3Ie., 50 s. w. Augus- ta, 582 W. The soil is much of it fertile, adapted to grain. Drained by Little Androscoggin r. It has a considerable pond in the s. part, which flows into the r. It has 5 stores, cap. $3,400 ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring ni., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,940. 12 sch. 516 scholars. Pop. 1,254. Oxford, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 52 w. Bos- ton, 394 VV. The surface is uneven ; soil, a fer- tile gravelly loam. VV'atered by French r., a branch of Quinnebaug r., which affords extensive water power, and on which are extensive manu- factories. It contains a Congrcgationalist and a Universalist church. The v. is on one extended street, running n. and s. Many of its early set- tlers were French Huguenots, Irom near Rochelle, in France. There are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $18,3J0 ; 3 woollen fac, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $266,450. 1 acad. 30 students, 11 sch. SOU scholars. Pop. 1,742. Oxford, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 55 s. w. Hartford, 309 VV. The surface is uneven ; soil, a fertile gravelly loam. Housatonic r. runs on its s. w. border. Drained by Naugatuck r. and a branch, which affords water power. The v. con- tains 2 churches — 1 Congregational and 1 Episco- pal. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $8,900 ; 4 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 distil- leries, 2 grist m., 7 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. ,$55,900. 1 acad. 25 students, 13 sch. 482 scholars. Pop. 1,626. Oxford, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 10 s. Nor- wich, 109 w. Albany, 3i8 W. The surface is rolling; soil, fertile and well cultivated. Water- ed by Chenango r., along which passe.s Chenan- go canal. The v. is pleasantly situated on both sides of Chenango r. Incorporated in 1808, and contains 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Universalist; an academy, 21 stores, 2 forwarding houses, 1 grist m., 1 plaster m., 1 iron foundry, 1 tannery, sever- al carriage fac, 2 printing offices, 180 dwellings, and about 1,300 inhabitants. The Chenango canal passes through the v. There are in the t. 17 store.", cap. $6-',50U ; 5 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 acad., 3:19 students, 25 sch. 902 scholars. Pop. 3,179. Oxford, t., Warren co., N. J. The surface is broken and mountainous, with fertile valleys. Delaware r. runs on its w. border. Drained by Pequest cr. and its tributary, Beaver brook, which afford water power. It contains Belvidere v., the capital of the co., and several other villages. It has 12 stores, cap. $52,000 ; 2 tanneries, 4 dis- tilleries, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $29,800. 12 sch. Si2 scholars. Pop. 2,853. Oxford, p-v., Chester co.. Pa., 41 s. w. Phila- delphia, 69 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 98 VV. It contains a Presbyterian church, 2 stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings. Oxford, t., Philadelphia co,, Pa. Bounded s. E. by Delaware r. The surface is a gentle de- clivity; soil, sandy loam. Watered by Taconycr., which affords water power, and Sissisocksink cr. It contains Frankford b. It contains an in- sane asylum, established by the society of Friends, "and a United States arsenal. It has 40 stores, cap. $33,030 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $32,000 ; 3 cotton fac. 2,472 sp., 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 1 pottery. Cap. in manufac. $254,050. 6 sch. 313 scholars. Pop. 1,582. Oxford, collection dist., Md. Tonnage, 1840, 13,926. Oxford, p-t., Butler co., O., 105 w. s. w. Co- lumbus, 502 W. The land belongs in fee simple to the Miami University, which is located in the t. The land was given by the congress of the United States, and now yields an income of over §4,500 annually, and is constantly increasing. The universitv was founded in 1809, and con- tains a president and 5 professors or other in- structors—has 279 alumni, of whom 80 have been ministers of the gospel— has 139 students, and 4,352 vols, in its libraries. The commencement is on the second Thursday in August. It has 1 acad. 162 students, 9 sch. 264 scholars. Pop. 3,333. Oxford, t., Coshocton co., O. It has 3 stores, cap. $2,290. Pop. 760. Oxford, t., Delaware co., O. It has 2 sch. 66 scholars. Pop. 771. Oxford, I., Frie co., O. Pop. 736. Oxford, t., Guernsey co., O. It has 6 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 2,252. Oxford, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It has 3 com- mission houses, cap. $2,000 ; 5 stores, cap. $10,800 ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufiic. $1,000. 7 sch. 293 scholars. Pop. 826. Oxford, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 42 n w. De- troit, 565 VV. Pop. 574. Oxford, p-v., capital of Granville co., N. C, 45 x. Raleigh, 256 W. Situated on the w. side of Fishing cr., 6 ms. n. Tar r. It contains a court house, jail, market house, hospital, 2 academies, 3 churches— 1 Episcopal, 1 Jlethodist, 1 Presby- terian — and 450 inhabitants. PAG 508 PAI Oxford, p-v., Henry co., III., 122 n. n. w. Springfield, 851 W. Oxford, p-v., and capital of La Fayette ro.. Miss., 160 N. .\. K. Jackson, 911 VV. It contains a court house and a few dwellings. O.VFORD Furnace, p-v., Oxford t., Warren co., N. J., 52 N. by VV. Trenton, 210 W. Situated on a branch of Pequest cr., near the E. line of the t. A furnace was erected here over 70 years since. It has recently been rebuilt. Aijundance of iron ore is found in the vicinity, which is mag- netic, enclosed in walls of rotten mica. It is very rich, and easily smelted. OvsTER B.w, p-t.. Queens co., N. Y., 132 s. by E. Albany, 262 W. It is a large t., extending across Long Island from n. to s. The surface on the N. is somewhat hilly ; soil, loam and stony ; on the s. it is level and sandy. On the n. is a bay of the same name in Long Island sound. On the s. is Great South Bay, which sets up from the Atlantic. The v. is pleasantly situated at the head of Oyster bay, and contains 1 Baptist and 1 Friends church, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 60 dwelling^!, and about 401) inhabitants. Several sloops and a steamboat ply to New York. It is a very pleasant summer residence. There are in the t. 14 stores, cap. $48,009; 1 lumber yard, cap. $1,500; 4 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 1 tan- nery, 8 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30'750. 1 acad. 30 students, 20 sch. 809 scholars. Pop. 5,865. Oyster B.\y, N. Y.. sets up from Long Island sound, and is connected with Oyster Bay harbor and Cold Spring harbor. It abounds with wild fowl, and shell and scale fish. Oyster Bay South, p-v., Oyster Bay t., Queens co., N. Y., 179 s. by e. Albany, 259 VV. Oyster Pond,v., Southold t., SuflTolk-, co., N. Y. Situated on Oyster Pond harbor, and contains 2 churches, several stores, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. It has several sloops and schooners which trade to New York. (See Orient.) OzAN, t., Hempstead co.. Ark. It has 11 stores, cap. $116,400; 2 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,200. 1 acad. 38 students, 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 1,403. Ozark, county, Mo. Situated on the southern border of the state, and contains 1,200 sq. ms. Drained by the n. fork of White r. Capital, Ozark C. H. Ozark, p-v., capital of Franklin co.. Ark., 12) N. w. Little Rock, 1,186 W. Situated on the n. side of Arkansas r., and contains a court house, and several stores and dwellings. Ozark, p-v., Greene co., Mo., 172 s. s. w. Jef- ferson City, 1,089 W. Ozark, C. IL, v., Ozark co.. Mo., 140 s. Jeffer- son City. Situated on the e. side of the n. fork of White r. P. Pace's, p-o., Barren co., Ky., 124 s. w. Frank- fort, 660 W. Pacific Ocean, the, forms the w. boundary of the United States, and therefore deserves a passing notice in this work. It lies between Asia and America, having a breadth of over 10,000 miles. It was first navigated by Magel- lan, who entered it through the dangerous strait which bears his name ; and, after entering it, in sailing for 3 months and 20 days without seeing land, until he arrived at the Ladrone Islands, enjoying an uninterrupted course of fine weather, he named it the Pacific Ocean, though it is not less exposed to storms, in many parts, than the Atlan- tic. From its apparent situation, on its first dis- covery, from the Isthmus of Darien, it obtained the name of the Great South Sea, but this name is now obsolete. It is generally divided into the N. and s. Pacific, tlie equator being the dividing line between thera. Packitta, p-v., Early co., Ga., 166 s. w. Mil- ledgeville, 823 W. Pack's Ferry, p-o., Monroe co., Va. Pacolet, r., N. and S. C, rises in the Blue Ridge in N. C, and enters Broad r., in Union dist., S. C, at Pinkeyville. Pactolus, p-o., Pitt CO., N. C, 114 e. Raleigh, 300 W. Paddock's Grove, p-o., Madison co.. 111., 67 s. Springfield, 801 W. Paddy's Run, p-o., Morgan t., Butler co O., 114 w. s. w. Columbus, 502 W. Paddytown, p-v., Hampshire co., Va., 213 n. N. w. Richmond, 141 W. Situated on the Poto- mac r. Paducah, p-v., capital of McCracken co., Ky., 234 w. s. w. Frankfort, 816 W. Situated on the s. bank of the Ohio r., immediately below the en- trance of the Tennessee r. It contains a court house, 15 or 20 stores, and about 1,000 inhab- itants. Page, county, Va. Situated toward the n. e. part of the state, and contains 160 sq. ms. The Blue Ridge forms its e. boundary. Drained by the s. fork of Shenandoah r. The surface is fenerally hilly ; soil, mostly fertile. Capital, lUray. There were in 1810, neat cattle 5,300, sheep 5,223, swine 12,517; wheat 105,199 bushels produced, rye 29,8-16, Ind. corn 155,784, buckwheat 1,412, oats 2 J, 166, potatoes 14,742, tobacco 6,588 pounds; 11 stores, cap. $99,000; 2 furnaces, 5 forges, 5 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 21 flouring m., 14 grist m., 40 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manulac. $S6,785. 11 sch. 257 scholars. Pop. whites 5,195, slaves 781, free col'd 216; total, 6,194. Pagesville, p-v., Newberry dist., S. C, 49 w. n. w. Columbia, 514 W. Pahaquarrv, t., Warren co., N. J., 15 n. Bel- videre. It lies between Blue mountain and Dela- ware r., which bounds it w. and s. w. 'I'ne sur- face is mountainous, excepting on the r., where it is fertile bottom land. The Delaware Water Gap, where the r. passes Blue mountain, is on its s. w. boundary. A road has been cut out of the mountain through the Gap, without which it was nearly impassable on the Jersey side. There are in the t. 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,900. Pop. 370. Paincourtville, p-v.. Assumption par.. La., 81 w. New Orleans, 1,218. Pain's Hollow, p-o., German Flats t., Herki- mer CO., N. Y., 74 w. n. w. Albany, 385 W. Painsville, p-v., Amelia co., Va., 49 s. w Richmond, 166 W. It contains 1 Baptist church and about 60 inhabitants. In the vicinity are 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, and a cotton fac. Painsville, p-v., capital of Lake co., O., 30 e. Cleveland, 179 n. e. Columbus, 349 W. It is bounded by Lake Erie on the n. Drained by Grand r. It contains within its boundaries the small villages called cities of Fairport and Rich- mond, at the mouth of the r. The v. is situated PAL 509 PAL near the centre, on a high bank of (iranH r., and contains a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 I'res- byterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — a bank- ing house for the bank of Geauga, 25 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw in., 1 furnace. Fairport, 2 ms. N., may be regarded as its port, where is a good harbor, and which is connected with I'ainsville by a railroad. There are in the t. 53 stores, cap. .$41,100 : 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 2 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §10,940. 1 acad. 120 students, 9 sch. 975 scholars. Pop. 2,580. Paivt, t., Venango co.. Pa. It has 1 furnace, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 3 saw ni. Cap. in manu- fac. $2,650. Pop. 491. Paint, t., Somerset co., Pa. It has 1 fulling m., 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap in manufac. $1,650. Pop. 487. Paint, cr., aw. branch of Scioto r., rises in Madison co. and enters the Scioto, 5 miles below Chilicothe. It is about 60 ms. long. Paint, t.. Holmes county, O. Watered by a branch of Sugar cr. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,810. Pop. 1,361. P\INT, t.. Highland co., O. It has 6 sch. 410 scholars. Pop. 2,560. Paint, t., layette co., O. It contains the vil- lage of Bloomingburg. The soil is fertile, adapt- ed to grazing. It has 3 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 1 saw m., cap. $3,500. 9 sch. 360 scholars. Pop. 1,210. Paint, t., Ross co., O. Watered on the w. and s. by Paint cr., and in the middle by Buck- skin cr. Pop. 1,380. Paint, t., Wayne co., O., 95 n. e. Columbus. It contains the villages of Mount Eaton and West Lebanon. It has 6 stores, cap. $9,800 ; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,430. Pop. 1,610. Paint Creek, p-o., Kanawha co., Va. Paint Creek, p-o., Floyd co., Ky., 160 e. s. E. Frankfort, 466 W. Paint Creek, p-o., Washtenaw co., Mich., 36 w. Detroit, 5 1 1 W . Painted Post, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 22 s. E. Bath, 210 w. s. w. Albany. The surface is iiilly ; soil, gravelly loam, highly productive on the streams. Here commences a navigable feeder of the Chemung canal. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 grist m., 27 saw m. Cap in man- ufac. $21,750. 1 acad. 120 students, 10 sch. 463 scholars. Pop. 1,674. Painted Post, p-%'., Erwin t., Steuben co., N. Y., 212 w. by s. Albany, 2S6 W. Situated at the junction of Conhocton and Tioga rivers, which here form Chemung r. It contains 1 Presbyterian church, 8 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw ra., 1 plaster m., 1 tannery, 60 dwellings, and about 450 inliabitanls. The falls in the r. here afford great water power. The New York and Erie railroad is laid through the place. It is on the site of an ancient Indian burying ground, and derives its name from a painted post erected by them in memory of a distinguished chief, and the inhabitants have perpetuated a similar post on the same spot. Tiiree ms. n. is a mineral spring of some celebrity. Painter's Cross Roads, p-o., Birmingham t., Delaware county, Pa., 80 e. by s. Harrisburg, 114 W. Paint Lick, p-o., Garrard co., Ky., 62 s. s. e. Frankfort, 560 W. Palatine, p-t., Montgomery co., N. Y., 56 w. N. w. Albany, 390 W. The surface is hilly. On the N. side of the Mohawk is the promontory called " Anthony's Nose." The soil is generally fertile. Drained by Garoga creek flowing into the Mohawk, which bounds it on the s. The V. contains 1 Liuheran church, 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 plaster m., 1 lead pipe fac, and 12 or 15 dwellings. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $4,500; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 3 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. 2,823. Palatine Bridge, p-v.. Palatine t., Mont- gomery CO., N. Y., 51 w. N. w. Albany, 394 W. Situated on the n. side of Mohawk r., opposite the V. of Canajoharie, with which it is connect- ed by a bridge. It contains 1 church, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Here is a fine quarry of building stone. Palatine Hill, p-o., Monongalia co., Va., 277 N. w. Richmond, 210 W. Palenville, p-o., Greene co., N. Y., 54 s. w Albany, 360 W. Palermo, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 19 e. N.E.Au- gusta, 614 W. It contains a large pond, with which 3 smaller ones are connected, and the outlet forms a head branch of Sheepscot r. The surface is undulating; soil, fertile, adapted to grain. Incorporated in 1804. It has 2 stores, cap. $11,000; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in m.anufac. $19,000. 13 sch. 537 scholars. Pop. 1,534. Palermo, p-t., Oswego co., N. Y., 15 s. e. Oswego, 157 w. N. w. Albany, 380 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Catfish cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $45,100 ; 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,500. 15 sch. 695 scholars. Pop. 1,92^. Palestine, p-o., Alleghany co., N. Y., 279 w. by s. Albany, 324 W. Palesti.ne, p-v., Greenbrier co., Va. Palestine, p-o., Morgan co., Ga., 49 n. w. Milledgeville, 633 W. Palestine, p-v., Hickman co., Tenn., 68 s. w. Nashville, 745 W. Palestine, p-o., Adams co.. Miss., 110 s. w. Jackson, 1,120 W. Palestine, p-o., Washington par., La., 65 n. New Orleans, 1,132 W. Palestine, p-v., Darby t., Pickaway co., O., 29 s. Columbus, 422 W. Situated on Deer cr., and contains 2 stores, 20 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. Palestine, v., LTnity t., Columbiana co., O. It has 1 sch. 55 scholars. Pop. 83. Palestine, p-v., Kosciusko co., la., 119 n. Indianapolis, 610 W. Palesti.ne, p-v., capital of Craw-Oard co.. 111., 155 s. E. Springfield, 639 W. Situated 3 ms. from Wabash r., on the borders of Lamotte prairie. It contains a court house, a U. S. land office, 2 churches, 8 stores, various mechanic shop.s, and about 500 inhabitants. Palesti.ne, p-v.. Cooper co., Mo., 42 w. n. w. .lefferson City, 974 W. There are in the t. 3 sch. 107 scholars. Pop. 1,351. Palisades, are a lofty range of precipitous rocks along the w. bank of the Hudson r., ex- tending for the distance of 20 ms. They are, in some places, from 300 to 500 feet high, almost perpendicular, and present one of the grand fea- tures of the fine scenery on this interesting r. Pall Mall, p o., Fentress co., Tenn., 120 e. Nashville, 592 W. Palmer, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 81 w. Boston, 391 W. The surface is hilly : soil, fer- tile, particularly along the streams. Watered by Ware and Swift rivers, which afford water power. The village, at the centre, contains a Congregational church, and 12 or 15 dwellings. In the s. w. part of the t. is a manufacturing v., at the junction of Ware and Swift rivers to ibrm Chicopee r., which contains a Baptist church and PAL 510 PAN about 25 dwellings. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $33,000 ; 2 cotton fac. 22,000 sp., 3 grist ni., li saw ni. Cap. in manufac. 1^315,700. 14 sch. 350 scholars. Pop. 2,13d. Palmer Depot, p-v., Palmer t., Hampden Mass., 77 w. Boston, 378 W. On the line of the Boston and Albany railroad, in the e. part of the t., and contain.s a satinet fac. and a number of dwellings. Palmkr's Springs, p-o., Mecklenburg co., Va., 102 s. w. Richmond, 218 W. Palaieii's Tavern, p-o.. Prince Georges co., Md., 50 s. w. Annapoli-s, 10 W. Pal.mertowx, mts., N. Y., is a range com- mencing in the n. w.part of Washington county, and extending in a southerly direction between Lake Champlain and Lake George, through a part of Warren and Saratoga cos. Their highest summits are from 1,000 to 1,200 feet. Palmvra, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 49 n. n. e. Augusta, 644 W. The surface is undulating; .soil, very fertile, adapted to grain. Drained by Sebasticook r., which atli)rds good water power. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,650. 11 sch. 629 scholars. Pop. 1,500. Palmyra, p-t., Wayne co., N. Y., 195 w. by N. Albany, 352 W. The surface is slightly uneven ; soil, a fertile calcareous loam, adapted to grain. Drained by Mud cr., which affords some water power. The v. is situated on the Erie canal, and contains 4 churches — 1 Presby- terian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an academy, 36 stores of different kinds, 1 steam grist m., 1 furnace, 2 carriage *'ac., various me- chanic shops, 400 dwellings, and about 2,000 m- habitants. The main street is over a mile long, touchmg the canal at both ends, and finely or- namented with trees. There are in the t. 20 stores, cap. $69,31)0 ; 2 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 fulling m., 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $83,450. 2 acad. 77 students, 15 sch. 662 scholars. Pop. 3,549. Palmyra, p-v., Londonderry t., Lebanon co.. Pa., 14 E. Harrisburg, 124 W. It contains 3 stores, and about 30 dwellings. Palmyra, p-v., capital of Fluvanna co., Va., 62 w. N. w. Richmond, 136 W. Situated on Rivanna r., 14 m.<. from its entrance into James r. It contains a court house, jail, 1 Methodist church, 1 store, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 woollen fac, and about 15 dwellings. A handsome bridge here crosses Rivanna r. Palmyra, p-v., Halifax co., N. C, 115 n. e. Raleigh, 239 W. Situated on the w. side of Roanoke r. Palmyra, p-v., Lee co., Ga., 128 s. w. Mil- ledgeville, 785 W. Palmyra, p-v., Montgomery co., Tenn., 37 n. w. Nashville, 744 W. Palmyka, t., Wayne co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $500 ; 5 sch. 97 scholars. Pop. 427. Palmyra, p-t.. Portage co., O., 152 n. e. Co- lumbu.s, 310 W. It has 6 sch. 192 scholars. Pop. 1,359. Palmyra, p-v., Harrison co., la., 116 s. Indian- apolis, 620 W. Palmyra, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich., 75 s. w. Detroit, 493 W. Watered by Raisin r. and Bear cr. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. The V. is pleasantly situated on the Raisin r., which affords extensive water power, and it contains 2 stores, 1 flouring m., and 1 saw m. The t. has 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $64,500. 8 schools. Pop. 82s. Palmyra, p-v., capital of Marion co.. Mo., Ill N. N. w. Jefferson City, 925 W. Situated 8 ms. from the Missouri r., and contains a court house, jail, 3 handsome brick churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — a United States land office, and 2 printing offices, each issuing a weekly newspaper. iVlarion college is 12 ms. w., and the Lower college 6 ms. s. Both are man- ual labor institutions. Pamaiio, p-o., Jones co., Iowa. Pamklia, t., Jefl^crson co., N. Y., 4 n. Water- town, 168 N. w. Albany. The surface is gener- ally level ; soil, fertile and well cultivated. Wa- tered by Perch r. and Black r., which runs on its s. border. It has 6 stores, cap. $44,150; 2 fulling m., 1 cotton fac. 2,424 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $61,828. 16 sch. 780 scholars. Pop. 2, 104. Pamklia Four Corners, p-o., Pamelia t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 172 n. w. Albany, 424 W. Pamlico, r., N. C., is that part of Tar r. below Washington, Beaufort co. It is a broad estuary 40 ms. long, and from 1 to 8 broad, which enters Pamlico sound, and has a depth of water suffi cient for any vessels which navigate the sound. Pamlico Sounb, N. C, is a shallow body of water 80 ms. long, and from 8 to 30 ms. wide. It is separated from the ocean by long sandy islands, scarcely 1 m. wide, covered with bushes, the outer point of one of which is Cape Hat- teras. The principal entrance to it is Ocracoke inlet. It is connected with Albemarle sound in its N. part. The land around it is low, and in some places marshy. It receives Tar and Neuse rivers. Pamunkv, r., Va., is formed by the union of North and South Anna rivers, between Hanover and Caroline counties, and unites with Matlapony r. between New Kent and King William cos., to form York r. Pampack Eddy, p-o., Wayne co., Pa. Panama, p-o.. Harmony t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 345 w. by s. Albany, 324 W. Panama, p-o., Carroll co., 111., 199 n. Spring- field, 862 W. Panhandle, p-o., Stewart co., Ga., 149 s. w. Milledgeville, 7S5 W. Panola, county, Miss. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 760 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Tallahatchee and Cold Water rivers. Capital, Panola. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 7,353, sheep 1,189, swine 15,092; 'wheat 2,041 bush, produced, Ind. corn 231,250, oats 6,125, potatoes 3,600, tobacco 4,000 pounds, cotton 463,v572 ; 13 stores, cap. $54,050 ; 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,400. 4 sch. 92 scholars. Pop. whites 2,237, slaves 2,415, free col'd 5; total, 4,657. Panola, p-v., capital of Panola co., Miss., 161 N. Jackson, 939 W. Situated on the s. side of Tallahatchee r. It contains a court house, and about 100 inhabitants. Pantego, p-o., Beaufort co., N. C, 156 e. by s. Raleigh, 342 W. Panther Creek, p-o., Surry co., N. C, 125 w. N. w. Raleigh, 336 W. Panther Creek, Morgan co.,Ill., 40 w. s. w. Springfield, 820 W. Panther Gap, po., Rockbridge co., Va., 170 w. Richmond, 212 W. Panther Springs, p-o., JeflTerson co., Tenn., 220 E. Nashville, 464 W. Pantherville, p-o., De Kalb co., Ga., 87 n. w. Milledgeville, 6S2 W. Panton, p-t, Addison co., Vt., 71 w. s. w. Montpelier, 494 W. The surface is level. Wa- tered by a small branch of Otter Creek r. Lake Champlain bounds it on the vv. Chartered in 1764, but not settled until after the revolutionary PAR 511 PAR war. It has 1 acad. 9 students, 4 sch. 110 schol- ars. Pop. 670. Paoli, p-v., Fredypin t., Chester Co., Pa., 78 E. s. E. Marrisbui-s;, I'iS W. Situated 16 ms. w. by N. from Phihiclelphia, on tlie railroad to Lan- caster. Two ms. s. w. of this place is the bailie ground where Gen. Wayne was defeated by a superior British force under Gen. Grey, Sept. 20lli, 1777, when many Americans were shot down after they had surrendered. A suitable monument has been erected on the spot to iheir memory, and the adjoining field is appropriated lo a military parade ground. Faoi.i, p-v., capital of Orange co., la., 94 s. by w. Indianapolis, 625 VV. Situated on Lick cr., and contains a court house, jail, a brick seminary, 6 stores, various mechanic shops, 1 oil m., 1 cot- ton fac, 2 flouring m., 1 of them moved by horse power, 1 fulling m., and about 45'J inhabitants. Paper Mill Village, pv., Cheshire co , N. H., 57 s. w. Concord, 454 W. Pafertown, p-v., Cumberland co.. Pa. Paperville, p-v., Sullivan co., Tenn., 309 e. Nashville, 334 W. Situated on a branch of Holston r. Paraclifta, p-v., capital of Sevier co.. Ark., 142 s. vv. by w. Little Rock, 1,207 W. Situated on N. side of Little r., a branch of Red r. It con- tains a court house and a few dwellings. Paradise, p-v., Strasburg t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 52 w. Philadelphia, 46 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 119 W. It contains 1 store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Paradise, t., York co.. Pa. It has 5 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 9 dis- tilleries, 6 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,200. 3 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 2,117. Paradise, p-v., Cole co.,Ill., 81 e. Springfield, 703 W. Situated hear the head of Little Wa- bash r. Paradox Lake, N. Y., lies in Schroon t., Essex CO.. 4 miles long, and from half a mile to 1 m. wide. There are many small lakes in the vicinity. Paradox, p-o., Schroon t., Essex co., N. Y., 105 N. Albany, 480 W. Parkham's Store, p-o., Sussex co., Va., 45 s. s. e. Richmond. Paris, p-t., capital of Oxford co., Me., 39 w. by s. Augusta, 593 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile, adapted to grain. Watered by Lit- tle Androscoggin r., which affords water power. It contains a pleasant v., which has a court house, jail, and considerable trade. Incorporated in 1793. It has 10 stores, cap. $10,75S ; 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $27,295. 17 sch. 1,060 scholars. Pop. 2,454. Paris, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 8 s. Utica, 96 w. N. w. Albany, 378 W. The surface is elevated and undulating ; soil, sandy and calcareous loam, generally well cultivated. Drained by Sada- quada cr., which affords good water power. The v., called Paris Hill, is situated on elevated ground, and contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyte- rian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist— 2 stores, and 150 inhabitants. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $16,900; 2 fulling m., 3 cotton fac. 4,152 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 2 paper fac, 5 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac §152,400. 1 acad. 47 students, 15 sch. 864 scholars. Pop. 2,844. Paris, p-o., Washington co., Pa., 232 w. Har- risburg, 257 W. Paris, p-v., Fauquier co., Va., 129 n. by w. Richmond, 59 W. It contains 1 church, free to all denominations, 3 stores, and about 25 dwell- ings. Paris, p-v., capital of Henry co., Tenn., 98 w. Nashville, 784 W. Situated on the s. side of a branch of Little Sandy r., which flows into Ten- nessee r. It contains a court house, several stores, and about 250 inhabitants. Paris, p-v., capital of Bourbon co., Ky., 35 e. Frankfort, 507 W. Situated on the s. fork of Licking r. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churches, 10 stores, 3 acad. 110 students, 2 sch. 28 scholars, and 1,197 inhabitants. Paris, p-v.. Stark t. and co., O., 135 n. e. Co- lumbus, 302 W. It has 2 churches, 4 stores, 15 or 20 mechanic shops, 1 air furnace, 1 tannery, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Paris, t.. Stark co., O. The surface is rolling and hilly ; soil, fertile. Drained by Sandy cr., which affords water power. It has 977 scholars in schools. Pop. 2,474. Paris, t.. Portage co., O. Situated in the e. part of the co. It has 5 sch. 165 scholars. Pop. 935. Paris, t.. Union co., O. It contains the v. of Marysville, the county seat. It has 5 sch. 148 scholars. Pop. 73'.'. Paris, p-v., Jennings co., la., 77 s. s. E. In- dianapolis, 578 W. Situated near llie s. fork of Muscalatack cr., and contains 3 stores, various mechanic shops, and about 150 inhabitants. Paris, p-v., capital of Edgar co.. III., 114 e. Springfield, 665 W. Situated on the borders of a rich prairie, and contains a brick court house, 9 stores, 60 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants Paris, p-v., capital of Monroe co., Mo., 71 .\". Jeflerson City. Situated on s. side of Middle fork of Salt r. It contains a court house, 3 churches, 6 stores, and about 400 inhabitants. Parisburg, p-v., capital of Giles co., Va. Sit- uated on the s. side of New r., a principal branch of Great Kanawha r. (See Giles C. II.) Paris Flirn.\ce, p-o., Pari.s t., Oneida co., N. Y^, 88 w. .\. w. Albany, 377 W. Parisville, p-o., Paris t., Portage co., O., 150 N. e. Columbus, 313 W. Parish, p-t., Osv^-ego co., N. Y'., 22 e. Oswego, 147 vv. N. w. Albany, 376 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile sandy loam. Drained by Salmon cr. and its tributaries. The v. con- tains 1 church, 1 store, I grist m., 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. §7,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,700. 16 sch. 404 scholars. Pop. 1,513. Parish Grove, p-o., Warren co., la., 103 n. w. Indianapolis, 664 W. Parishville, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 15 E. Canton, 221 .\. w. by n. Albany, 505 W. The surface is hilly s., rolling on the .\. ; soil, a warm sandy loam. Watered by St. Regis, Racket, Grass, and Oswegatchie rivers. The t. is 40 ms. long. The v. is situated on St. Regis r., which affords water power, and C(mtains I Congrega- tional and 1 Baptist church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 clothier.s' works, 1 pocket furnace, 1 tannery, 49 dwellings, and about 3 !0 inhabitants. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. 813,600; 1 fur- nace, 1 forge, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,900 ; 15 sch. 800 scholars. Pop. 2,250. Parkersburg, p-v., capital of Wood co., Va., 335 .\. w. by w. Richmond, 3 13 W. Situated on the N. side of Little Kanawha r., at its junction with Ohio r., opposite to Bel pre in Ohio. It con- tains a court house and 10 stores. Parke, county, la. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 450 sq. ms. Surface level ; soil, fertile. Wabash r. bounds it on the w. Drained by Big and Little Racoon and Sugar PAR 512 PAS creeks. Capital, Rockville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,255, sheep 18,853, swine 43,126; wheat 107,188 bush, produced, rye 4,025, Indian corn 942,850, oats 137,140, potatoes 23,007, tobac- co 15,150 pounds, sugar 125,576; 29 stores, cap. $120,500; 1 furnace, 2 fulling m., 11 tanneries, 21 distilleries, 1 pottery, 9 flouring m., 26 grist m., 44 saw m., 4 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspnper. Cap. in manufac. $148,880. 2aead. 150 students, 54 sch. 1,841 .scholars. Pop. 13,499. Parkersburg, p-v., Montgonnery co., la., 44 w. N. vv. Indianapolis, 615 W. Parkersburg, p-v., Richland co., III., 140 s. e. Springfield, 740 W. Parker's Store, p-o., Franklin co., Ga. Parkersville, p-o., Chester co., Pa., 79 e. s. E. Harrisburg. Parkersburg, p-v., Chester co., Pa., 57 e. s. E. Harrisburg, 117 W. Park, t., St. Joseph's co., Mich. It has 1 flour- ing m., 2 saw m., 5 sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 331. Park Head, p-o., Washington co., Md. Park Hill, p-v., and missionary station, Che- rokee Nation, Indian ter. Situated a little n. of Arkansas r. Parkison, p-o., Beaver co., Pa. Parkman, p-t., Piscataquis co., Me., 71 n. by E. Augusta, 666 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Drained by a head branch of Piscata- quis r. Incorporated in 1822. It has 3 stores, cap. $1,500 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 12 sch. 546 scholars. Pop. 1,205. Parkman, p-t., Geauga co., O., 162 n. e. Co- lumbus, 321 W. Situated on head waters of Grand r. Drained by a branch of Cuyahoga r., which affords good water power. It has 4 saw m., 1 acad. 18 students, 3 sch. 123 scholars. Pop. 1,181. Park's, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 108 w. Co- lumbia, 570 W. Park's, p-o., Scott co., Iowa. Park's Bridge, p-o., 3Iorgan co., Ga., 36 n. Milledgeville, 612 W. Parksville, p-v., Sullivan co., N. Y., 116 s. \v. Albany, 308 W. Parkville, p-v., Platte co.. Mo. Parma, p-t., Monroe co., N. Y., 10 n. w. Ro- chester, 231 w. by N. Albany, 380 W. The sur- face is generally level; soil, sandy and gravelly loam. Drained by Salmon and Little Salmon creeks, flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the n. The v. is situated on the Ridge road, and contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $11,200; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,300. 17 sch. 914 scholars. Pop. 2,652. ■ Parma, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 6 s. Cleveland, 137 N. E. Columbus, 367 W. The surface is chiefly level ; soil, a fertile loam, well adapted to grass. Drained by a branch of Cuyahoga r. It iias 1 grist m., 12 saw m., 7 sch. 334 scholars. Pop. 963. Parma, t., Jackson co., Mich. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 1 sch. 55 scholars. Pop. 525. Parma Centre, p-o., Parma t., Monroe co., N. Y., 234 w. by n. Albany, 383 W. Parnassus, p-o., Augusta co., Va., 133 w. N. w. Richmond, 152 W. Parnassus, p-o., Marlborough dist., S. C, 116 N. E. Columbia. Parrottsville, p-v., Cocke co., Tenn., 237 E. Nashville, 460 W. Parrysville, p-v., Northampton co.. Pa., 99 E. N. E. Harrisburg, 199 W. Parsippany, p-v., Hanover t., Morris co., N. J., 60 N. Trenton, 231 W. Situated on Parsippa- ny r., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Method- ist church, an academy, 2 stores, 2 grist m., and about 20 dwellings. Parsonsfield, p-t., York co.. Me., 86 w. s. w. Augusta, 533 W. The surface is hilly and rough ; soil, generally productive. In its E. part is a largo pond, the ouilet of which flows into Ossipee r., by which it is watered. It has 7 stores, cap. $14,600 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $1,000 ; 1 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 4 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $4,871. 1 acad. 225 students, 20 sch. 473 scholars. Pop. 2,442. Parson's Creek, t., Linn., co.. Mo. Pop. 501. Parson's Mills, p-o., Guilford co., N. C. Partlows, p-o., Spottsylvania co., Va., 92 n. Richmond, 83 W. Partnership, p-o., Charles co., Md. Partridge Island, p-o., Hancock t., Dela- ware CO., N. Y., 116 s. w. Albany, 298 W. Partridge Point, p-o., Tazewell co., 111., 81 N. Springfield, 795 W. Pascagoula, r.. Miss., is formed by the union of Chickasawhay and Leaf rivers, and after a course of 200 ms. s., falls into Pascagoula sound of the Gulf of Mexico. It is navigable for 50 ms. for vessels drawing 6 feet water, and 150 nis. for boats. Pascagoula, sound. Miss, and Ala. Situated off the mouth of Pascagoula r., in the Gulf of Mexico, from which it is separated by low, nar- row islands. It is about 55 ms. long, with an average breadth of 8 ms. Pascagoula, v., Jackson co.. Miss. Situated on the E. side of Pascagoula r., at its entrance into Pascagoula bay. Paskack, p-v., Washington t., Passaic co., N J., 83 N. N. E. Trenton, 254 W. Situated on the w. side of Hackensack r. Pasquotank, r., N. C, rises in the Dismal Swamp, and runs s. e. into Albemarle sound. It is connected with Elizabeth r. by a canal, which forms a communication between Hampton roads and Albemarle sound. This canal is 23 miles long, 6i feet deep, 46 feet wide, and at intervals of a quarter of a m., 60 feet wide, for turn-out stations. It has a navigable feeder of 5 ms. from Lake Drummond, and is an important channel of communication between Norfolk and the South. Pasquotank, county, N. C. Situated in the N. E. part of the state, and contains 300 sq. ms. The surface is level, and in some parts marshy. The soil which is capable of cultivation, is gen- erally fertile. Pasquotank r. runs on its n. e. border. Capital, Elizabeth. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,719, sheep 3,415, swine 15,605; wheat 19,130 bush, produced, Ind. corn 473,970, oats 45,101, potatoes 21,065; 26 stores, capital $194,850; 1 tannery, 10 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 printing ofl^ce, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $41,800. 2 acad. 78 students, 5 sch. 103 scholars. Pop. whites 4,650, slaves 2,943, freecol'd 1,076; total, 8,514. Passadumkeag, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 100 N. E. Augusta, 695 W. Situaled on the e. side of Penobscot r. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Drained by Passadumkeag r. and Cold- stream, its tributary, both flowing from ponds, and after their junction, passing into the Penob- scot. The v. is situated at the junction of the Passadumkeag r. with the Penobscot. There are in the t, 6 sch. 169 scholars. Pop. 3J4. Passaic, r., N. J., rises in Mendham, Morris CO., and though flowing through a mountainous country, is generally a winding and sluggish stream, though it has some falls which afford good mill seats, particularly the great falls at Paterson, where it has a perpendicular descent of 50 feet, PAT 513 PAT and a total fall of 70 feet, and is about 60 feet wide, affording an immense water power It finally enters Newark bay. It is navigable for sloops to Acquackanonck, 12 ms. It has marshes on its borders near its month. Its whole length is about 70 ms. Passaic, county, N.J. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 180 sq. ms. Draui- ed by Passaic r. and its tributaries. The surface IS uneven ; soil, generally fertile. Capital, Pat- erson. There were in 1840, neat cattle, 5,532 sheep 5,075, swine 4,565 ; wheat 5,190 bush, pro- duced, rye 36,721, Ind. corn 70,874, buckwheat 24,012, oats 45,945, potatoes 78,8S6 ; 126 stores, cap. $226,300 ; 4 lumber yards, cap. §25,000 ; 1 furnace, 18 forges, 4 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 20 cotton fac. 46,056 sp., 2 dyeing and printing es- tablishments, 7 tanneries, 2 distitleries, 1 brewery, 13 grist m., 21 saw m., 4 paper fac, 2 printing of- fices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $1,931,970. 3 acad. Ui students, 41 sch. 1,987 scholars. Pop. 16,734. Passamaquoddv, bay. Me., lies partly in the state of Maine, and partly in the British province of New Brunswick. Its entrance is about 6 ms. wide from n. to s., and its length is about 12 ms. Campobello island divides the entrance into 2 pas- sages. It also contains Deer island. The bay is well sheltered, has everywhere a suflicient depth of water for the largest vessels, and is never closed by ice. Its waters abound with mackerel, cod, herring, and other fish. The tide varies from 25 to 33 feet. The bomidary of the United States passes on the w. side of Campobello island, into the St. Croix r., which enters the N. w. part of this bay. Pass Christian, p-v., Harrison co.. Miss. Sit- uated on the E. side of the entrance into the Bay of St. Louis, of the Gulf of Mexico. Pasumpsic, r., Vt., rises from a pond on the E. line of Wetmore t., and pursues a s. course until it falls into Connecticut r., a mile below the foot of Fifteen Mile falls. It has several falls, partic- ularly in the s. part of Lyndon, where it de- scends 65 feet in the distance of 30 rods, pro- ducing a great water power. Its length is about 34 ms. Pasumpsic, p-v., Caledonia co., Vt., 41 e. Montpeher, 542 W. Passvu.nk, t., Philadelphia co., Pa. Tiie sur- face is level ; soil, alluvion and loam. Itincludes the w. part of tlie tongue of land between the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, below the city of Philadelphia. League island, in the Delaware r., belongs to it. It is covered with gardens and meadows. The bank of the Schuylkill, which bounds it on the w., is high and steep, and along it is a pleasant drive. It has a cap. in manufac. of $36,225. Pop. 1,594. Patapsco, r., Md., rises in Baltimore co., and enters Chesapeake bay, by a broad estuary, be- tween North point and BodkiiTs point. It is nav- igable to Fell's point, in Baltimore, 14 ms., for ves.sels drawing 18 feet of water. In its course, it affords extensive water power. Patch Grove, p-o., Grant co., Wis., 110 w. Madison, 942 W. Patchin's Mills, p-o., Conhocton t., Steuben CO., N. v., 238 w. by s. Albany, 323 W. Patchogue, p-v., Brookhaven t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 60 E. New York, 204 s. s. e. Albany, 284 W. It is situated on the s. side of Long Island, and contains 1 Congregational and 1 Methodist church, 5 stores, 1 grist m., 1 paper m., 2 cotton fac, 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 80 dwellings, and about 50l) inhabitants. It is near Great South bay, and is much resorted to for fishing and fowl- 65 ing. A small settlement, called Blue Point, ex- tends s. to the bay. Paterson, pv., capital of Passaic co., N. J., is situated on the Passaic r., near the great falls, and 4 ms. from tidewater, 13 n. Newark, 75 n. e. by n. Trenton, 17 n. New York. 214 W. It was estab- lished by a society, incorporated in 1791, with a capital of $l,OOO,t)0O, for the establishment of manufactures, projected by Alexander Hamilton. The plans of the company were broad, and after heavy expenditures, through the many obstacles with which manufactures had then to struggle, the objects of the company in a great measure failed, and were abandoned. But their succes- sors took up the work, and have carried it forward to distinguislied success. By a dam in the r., 4i feet high, and a canal round the falls, a vast wa- ter power is afforded, and a great manufacturing village has grown up. It has a court house and jail, and many spacious manufactories, built chiefly of stone. There are 9 churches — 1 Pres- byterian, 2 Dutch Reformed, 1 Methodist, 1 Re- Ibrmed Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 True Reformed Dutch, and 1 Roman Catholic. There is a philo.sophical society of young men, who have a resperiable library, and a mechanics' society for the advancement of science and the mechanic arts, with a library and philosophical apparatus. The 3Iorris canal, which passes near the village, and a railroad to Jersey C.'ity, give it an easy access to the city of New Y ork. The falls of the Passaic, at this place, by their pictur- esque beauties, attract many visiters. The river has a perpendicular fall of 72 feet, and when the water is high, the full is not only beautiful but grand. There were in 1840, 104 stores, cap. $192,950; machinery manufactured, value $607,000 ; 4 full- ing m., 1 woollen fac, cap. .$20,000 ; 19 cotton fac. 45,056 sp., w-ith 2 dyeing and printing estab- lishments, cap. $926,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 paper fac, cap. $32,000 ; 1 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 bind- eries, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac $1,792,500. 1 acad. 80 students, 16 sch. 1,006 scholars. Pop. 7,596. Patoka, r., la., rises in Orange co., and pursues a westerly course until it enters Wabash r., one or two miles below the mouth of Wlute r., oppo- site to Mount Carmel, 111. Patoka, p-t., Gibson co., la., 138 s. w. Indian- apolis, 708 W. It has 7 sch. 217 scholars. Pop. 2,343. Patrick, county, Va. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 541 sq. ms. Drained by branches of Smith's, S. Mayo, and Little Dan rivers. The Blue Ridge runs on its n. w. bound- ary. Capital, Taylorsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,988, sheep 6,047, swine 24,292; wheat 2S,469 bush, produced, rye 3,180, Indian corn 222,964, buckwheat 359, oats 68,940, pota- toes 13,114, tobacco 618,3S4 pounds; 7 stores, cap. $20,800 ; 5 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 31 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,000. 5 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. whites 6,087, slaves 1,842, free col'd 103 ; total, 8,032. Patrick, C. H., p-v., capital of Patrick co., Va., 226 w. s. w. Richmond, 301 W. (See Tay- lorsville, Patrick co., Va.) Patricktovvn, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 15 e. Augusta, 611 W. Drained by head branches of Sheepscot and Damariscotta rivers. It contains a large pond in its w. part, which flows to the Sheepscot r. The soil is fertile. It has 4 saw m., 3 sch. 143 scholars. Pop. 5t)6. Patriot, p-v., Switzerland co., la., 105 s. e. Indianapolis, 536 W. Situated on Ohio r. Patriot, p-v., Perry t., Gallia co., O., 97 s. s PAU 514 PAW E. Columbus, 331 W. It was formerly called Greenville, and contains several stores, and 40 or 50 dwellings. Patten, t.. Centre co., Pa. It has 3 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 473. Patten's Mills, p-o.. Fort Ann t., Washing- ton CO., N. Y., 59 N. Albany, 431 W. ^ Patterson, p-t., Putnam co., N. Y., 92 s. Al- bany, 295 VV. The surface is hilly ; soil, fertile in the valleys. Drained by Croton r. The v. is situated on Croton r., and contains 1 Presbyte- rian and 1 Episcopal church, an academy, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 25 dwellings, and about 150 in- habitants. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $24,500 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manulac. $10,400. 10 sch. 384 scholars. Pop. 1,349. Patterson, p-o., Thompson t., Delaware co., O., 40 N. Columbus, 424 W. Patterson, p-v., St. Genevieve co., Mo., 176 E. s. E. Jefferson City, 864 W. Patterson's Mills, p-o., Washington co., Pa., 223 w. Harrisburg, 252 W. P.\tterson's Store, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 59 N. w. Raleigh, 310 W. Pattonsburg, p-v., Bottetourt co., Va., 166 w. Richmond, 213 W. Situated on the n. side of James r., opposite to Buchanan, with which it is connected by a bridge. The 2 places, which are in fact one v., contain 1 church, free to all de- nominations, 8 stores, 2 tobacco fac, 1 cordage fac, 1 iron foundry, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 50 dwellings, and about 360 inhabitants. Pattonsville, p-v., Granville co., N. C, 40 N. Raleigh, 266 W. Patuxent, r., Md., rises in the n. part of Montgomery and Anne Arundel counties, and flowing s. E. 40 miles, it turns to the s. and flows 50 ms., nearly parallel with Chesapeake bay, un- til it enters a large estuary on the w. side of that bay. It is navigable for vessels of 250 tons, 50 ms. to Nottingham. Patuxent Forge, p-o., Anne Arundel co., Md.,25N. w. Annapolis, 28 W. Paulding, county, Ga. Situated toward the N. w. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Drained by head branches of Tallapoosa r., and by tributaries of Etowah r. Capital, Van Wert. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,804, sheep 995, swine 10,937; wheat 11,863 bush, produced, Ind. corn 120,170, oats 6,012, potatoes 1,556, to- bacco 1,630 pounds, cotton 118,723; 3 stores, cap. $6,700 ; 2 distilleries, 3 breweries, 2 grist., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,440. 3 sch. 68 scholars. Pop. whites 2,102, slaves 451 ; total, 2,556. Paulding, county, O. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contauis 432 sq. ms. The surface is level; soil, very fertile, adapted to grain. Drained by Maumee and Auglaize rs. Capital, Charloe. There were in 1810, neat cat- tle 201, sheep 85, swine 736 ; wheat 3,852 bush, produced, Ind. corn 8,420, oats 2,749, potatoes 2,518, sugar 3,316 pounds ; 2 stores, cap. $2,700; 1 sch. 28 scholars. Pop. 1,034. Paulding, p-v., capital of Jasper co., 3Iiss., 109 e. s. e. Jackson, 987 W. Situated on the head waters of Leaf r. It contains a court house and a few dwellings. Paulinskill, r., N. J., rises in Sussex co., and flowing s. w., on the border of Warren co., en- ters Delaware r. in the s. w. corner of Warren county. Paulina, v., Hancock t., Delaware co., N. Y. Situated on a small cr., 2 ms. n. of Delaware r. It contains 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 stave raacliine, and 15 or 20 dwelhngs. Pavilion, p-t., Genesee co., N. Y., 243 w. Al- bany, 361 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, clay loam, adapted well to wiieat. Drained by Al- len's cr. The v. is situated on Allen's cr., and contains 1 Baptist and 1 Universalist church, 2 stores, 1 clothier's works, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Pavilion, p-t., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 138 w. Detroit, 600 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Watered by the Sandy lakes, and by branches of St. Joseph's r. It has 2 saw m., 3 sch. 107 scholars. Pop. 283. Pawcatuck, r., R. J., formed by the junction of Wood and Charles rivers in Washington co., and in its lower part forms the dividing line be- tween R. I. and Ct., and enters the Atlantic. Its constituents, Wood and Charles rivers, afford ex- tensive water power. Pawlet, r., Vt., rises in the n. part of Ben- nington CO., passes through the t. which gives it its name and flows into JN. Y ., and enters Wood cr., a little before its entrance into Lake Cham- plain. It affords good water power. Pawlet, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 87 s. s. w. Montpelier, 431 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, warm and fertile, and easily cultivated.- Watered by Pawlet r. and Indian stream, which flows from a spring with sufficient water to turn a mill. It contains a Congregational and a Bap- tist church, and an academy. It has 7 stores, cap. $15,325; 5 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 1 cot- ton fac. 1,076 sp., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $69,480. 10 sch. 495 scholars. Pop. 1,74S. Pawlings, p-t, Dutchess co., N. Y., 20 e. Poughkeepsie, 89 s. Albany, 298 W. It is some- what hilly, with an extensive valley from n. to s. The soil is moderately fertile. Croton r. has it source in several small lakes and swamps in this t. The v. contains a few dwellings. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $11,000; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,7tX). 3 sch. 98 scholars. Pop. 1,571. Pawlingsville, p-o., Pawlings t., Dutchess CO., N. v., 86 s. Albany, 301 W. Paw Paw, p-v., capital of Van Buren co., 3Iich., 159 w. Detroit, 623 W. Situated on the head branch of Pawpaw r. It contains a court house, a church, 3 stores, 1 flouring m., and 1 saw m. It is pleasantly situated, and is flourish- ing. Paw Paw, p-o.. Miami co., la. Paw Paw Grove, p-o., Ogle co., 111., 165 n. Springfield, 792 W. Pawtucket, r., R. I., rises in Worcester co., Mass., with the name of Blackstone r. It enters R. I. in the n. e. part of the state, and has falls of 50 feet, 4 ms. from its mouth, which afford very extensive water power. It enters Providence r. just below Providence. The Blackstone canal, from Providence, R. I., to Worcester, Mass., pas^^es along this r. PAWTUciiET, p-v.. North Providence t., R. I., 4 N. Providence, 404 W. It is situated on both sides of Pawtucket r., and is partly in Providence, R. I., and partly in Pawtucket t., Mass. It is a large and (lonrishin^ manufacturing v. It con- tains 7 churches— 2 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Meth- odist, 1 Roman Catholic on the R. I. side, 1 Con- regaiional, and 1 Freewill Baptist on the Mass. "side -3 banks, 2 in R. I. ; 12 cotton fac. 35,000 sp., and over 1,000 looms, and about 6,000 inhab- itants. The r. is navigable to this place. Pawtucket, t., Bristol co., Mass., 36 s. Bos- ton, 4 N. Providence. Situated on the E. side of Pawtucket r. Organized in 1828. It contains a part of the v. of Pawtucket, which see. It has PEA 515 PEK 1 1 stores, cap. $29,800 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $15,000 ; 9 cotton fac. 16,332 sp., 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $338,450. 1 acad. 60 stu- dents, 5 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. $2,184. P.iWTUCKET Falls, Mass., in Merrimac river. (See Lowell, Mas.s.) Pa WTU.KET, r., R. I., rises by 2 principal branch- es, Flat r. and S. W. branch, and flowing e., re- ceives the N. W. branch from Pro\idenoe co., and enters Providence r. 5 ms. below Providence, forming, for some distance, the boundary between Providence and Kent counties. It affords great water power, and has on it many mills and man- ufactories, particularly of cotton. Pawtuxet, p-v., and port of entry, Warwick t., Kent CO., R. I., 5 s. Providence, 405 W. Sit- uated on both sides of Pawtu.xet r., and lies partly in Cranston t. The great water power here has been abundantly improved, and its cotton and other manufactories are extensive. It contains 2 churches — 1 Baptist and 1 Congi-egational — a bank, an academy, 3 cotton and 2 woollen fac, several grist ra., 150 dwellings, and about 1,2(X) inhabitants. It has a safe and convenient har- bor. Tlie parts of the v. are connected by a bridge across the r. Paxinos, po., Northumberland co.. Pa. Paxton, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 50 w. Bos- ton, 405 W. The surface is elevated and imeven ; soil, fertile, and well cultivated. Organized in 1765, from Rutland and Leicester. It occupies the height of land between Connecticut and Merri- mac rivers. The v., at the centre, contains a Congregational church and a few dwellings. It has 1 store, cap. $500 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,800. 7 sch. 236 scholars. Pop. 670. Paxto.v, t., Ross CO., O. Pop. 1,226. Payneville, p-v., Sumter co., Ala., 78 s. w. Tuscaloosa, 896 W. Situated on the n. side of Sucarnochie cr., 30 miles above its entrance into the Tombigbee r. Paynesville, p-o., Lysandert., Onondaga co., N. Y., 151 vv. by n. Albany, 368 W. Paynesville, p-v., Pike co., Mo., 92 n. e. Jef- ferson City, 880 W. Payson, p-v., Adams co.. 111., 92 w. Spring- field, 872 W. Pea, r., Ala., is one of the principal constituent branches of Choctawhatchie r., which it enters near the s. border of the state. Pea River, p-o., Walton co., Flor. Pea River, po., Barbour co., Ala., 181 s. E. Tuscaloo.sa, 861 W. Peace Dale, p-v., Washington co., R. I. Peaoiiam, p-t., Caledonia co., Vt., 36 e. by n. Montpelier, 538 W. The surface is gently un- even ; soil, generally fertile, and well cultivated. Onion River pond, covering 300 acres, in the w. part of the t., gives rise to one of tiie head branclv- es of Onion r. Two streams, which flow into Stevens' branch, afford water power. A bog meadow in the e. part contains an inexhaustible quantity of shell marl. Limestone is also found. The V. contains a ('ongregational church and a flourishing academy. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $13,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tan- neries, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,750. 1 acad. 125 students, 12 sch. 548 schol- ars. Pop. 1,443. Peach Bottom, p-t., York co.. Pa., 26 s. e. York, 62 s. e. Harrisburg, 81 W. The surface is level ; soil, gravel and slate. Drained by Fish- ing cr. and Neel's Hole rim, branches of Muddy or., which forms its .\. boundary. The p-v. is on Susquehanna r. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $11,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 floiuring m., 5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac $10,850. 3 sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 1,074. Peach Tree, p-o., Cherokee co., N. C. Pealer's, p-o., Columbia co., Pa., 93 n. n. e Harrisburg, 204 W. Pea Patch, p-o., Somerset co,, N. J., 45 n Trenton, 220 W. Pea Patch, island. Situated in Delaware r., and contains Fort Delaware, erected during the late war, now nearly in ruins. Pearlington, p-v., Hancock co.. Miss., 191 s. by E. Jackson, 1,141 W. Situated on the E. side of Pearl r. Pearl, r., Miss, and La., rises, by several branches, near the centre of Mississippi, and run- ning s. it joins, by several mouths, the Rigolets, which forms a communication between lakes Pontchartrain and Borgne. From lat. 31° n., it forms the dividing line between Ala. and La. The navigation is obstructed by sand-bars, shal- lows, and rafts of timber. Some efforts have been made to improve it. It is navigable for small craft to Jackson, the capital of the state. Pease, t., Belmont co., O. The surface is hilly ; soil, very fertile, adapted to grain. Wa- tered by Indian Wheeling creek, which affords water power. The national road passes through it. It has 8 sch. 248 scholars. Pop. 2,471. Pecan Grove, p-o., Carroll par.. La. Pecan Point, p-o., Mississippi co.. Ark. Peckville, p-o., FishkUl t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 106 s. Albany, 269 W. Pede.nsville, p-v., Chester dist., S. C. Pedee, Great, r., N. C. and S. C, rises chiefly in Wilkes co., N. C, where it bears, for a great distance, the name of Yadkin r. After it enters S. C, it is called the Great Pedee r., and it flows in a southerly direction until uniting with Wac- camaw r., it enters and forms Winyaw bay, a little below Georgetown, and communicates with the Atlantic 12 ms. below Georgetown. It is navi- gable for boats of 60 or 70 tons for 200 ms. Lit- tle Pedee r., S. C, rises in N. C, and enters Great Pedee r. 32 ms. above its mouth. Pedee, p o., Anson co., N. C, 135 s. w. Ra- leigh, 409 W. Pedlar's Hill, p-o., Chatham co., N. C, 44 w. Raleigh. Pedricktown, p-v.. Upper Penn's Creek t., Salem co., N. J., 55 s. Trenton, 166 W. Situated on Oldman's cr., and contains 1 Friends chiu-ch, 2 stores, and about 30 dwelHngs. Peekskill, p-v., Cortland t., Westchester co., N. Y., 46 N. New York, 106 s. Albany, 269 W. Situated on the e. side of Hudson r. It contains H churches — 2 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian, and 2 Friends — 1 bank, an academy, 30 stores, 6 iron foundries, 2 tanner- ies, 250 dwellings, and about 2,000 inhabitants. 1 steamboat and 6 sloops ply between this place and New York for transportation, besides one steamboat daily for passengers. Other boats on the Hudson stop at the landhig to receive and discharge passengers. Peeled Oak, p-o., Bath co., Ky., 71 e. Frank- fort, 525 W. Peel Tree, p-o., Harrison co., Va. Pee Pee, t. Pike co., O. It has 5 stores, cap. $12,840 ; 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,500. 4 sch. 78 scholars. Pop. 919. Pekatonica, r.. Wis. and 111., rises in Iowa CO., Wis., and flows s. and e. into Rock r., in 111., 6 ms. below its n. boundary. It receives Sugar cr., a considerable branch, from the n. It is nav- igable for flat-boats to Mineral Point, Wis. Pekatonica, p-v., Winnebago co., 111., 220 n. PEM 516 PEN Springfield, 820 W. Situated at the junction of Pekatonica and Rock rivers. Pekin, p-o., Levvision t., Niagara co., N. Y., 239 vv. by N. Albany. Pekin, p-o.. Brown t., Carroll co., O., 138 s. w. Columbus, 304 W. Pekin, p-o., Jackson co., Tenn., 67 e. by n. Nashville, 627 W. Pekin, p-o., Washington co., la. Pekin, p-v., Tazewell co.. III., 62 n. Spring- field, 779 W. Situated on the e. side of Illinois r., 12 mile.s below Peoria. It contains an acade- my, 3 ehurciies — 1 Presbyterian, 1 3Iethodist, and 1 IJnilarian— 15 stores, 3 forwarding and commission houses, 1 steam flouring m., 1 steam saw m., 2 distilleries, a printing office, issumg a weekly newspaper, and about 900 inhabitants. Pelh.4M, p-t., Hampshire co., Ma.ss., 81 w. Bos- ton, SJl W. The surface is elevated and uneven ; soil, productive. Watered by Swift and Fort rivers, whicli afford water power. Incorporated in 1742. Originally settled from the N. of Ire- land. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Congre- gational church. It has 1 store, cap. .$ 1,000 ; 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,550. 7 sch. 351 scholars. Pop. 956. Pelham, t., Hillsborough co., N. H., 37 s. by E. Concord, 32 s. w. Portsmouth. The soil, par- ticularly on the streams, is fertile. Watered by Beaver r. Chartered in 1742. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,700; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,880. 6 sch. 268 scholars. Pop. 1,003. Pelham, t., Westchester co., N. Y., 10 s. White Plains, 140 s. Albany. The surface is generally level ; soil, clay and sandy loam, mostly well cultivated. Several islands in the East r. belong to it, which are City, Hart's, and Hunter's isl- ands. It has 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 789. Pelham, p-v., Hillsborough co., N. C. Pelham, p-v., Franklin co., Tenn., 85 s. s. e. Nashville, 651 W. Peltonville, p-o., Pultney t., Steuben co., N. Y., 208 w. by s. Albany, 3H W. Pemaciuid, p-o., Bremen t., Lincoln co., Me., 46 s. s. E. Augusta, 614 W. Pemaditmcook, lake, Penobscot co., Me., is a large body of water of a very irregular form, re- ceiving the waters of a large number of lakes, to the n. e. of which, the largest is Chesuncook lake. Its outlet flows into Penobscot r. It has much fine land and good timber on its borders. Pemberton, p-v., Burlington co., N. J., 22 .s. Trenton, 162 W. Situated on the n. branch of Rancocus cr., and contains 1 Baptist and 1 Meth- odist church, 5 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 fulling m., 1 cotton fac, 1 cupola furnace, about 120 dwellings, and 750 inhabitants. Pembroke, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 180 e. N. E. Augusta, 766 W. Watered by a small stream proceedhig from a pond in Charlotte, on the N., which flows into Cobscook bay on its s. border. The soil is tolerably fertile, adapted to grain. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,800 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,650. 8 sch. 376 scholars. Pop. 1,050. Pe.mbroke, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 5 s. e. Concord, 480 W. Tlie surface is moderately un- even ; soil, fertile, particularly on the streams. Suncook r. runs on its s. E. border, and affords water power. Merrimac r. bounds it on the w. Chartered in 1727. The v. lies on a street 3 ms. long, parallel with Merrimac r., and contains a town house and an academy. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $11,000; 1 glass fac, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,900. 1 acad. 293 students, 9 sch. 333 scholars. Pop. 1,336. Pembroke, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 26 s. E. Boston, 445 W. Watered by North r. and its branches, which afford water power. The r. is winding and deep, and flows into Scituate harbor, and on it many vessels are built. Incorporated in 1711. It has several ponds in its s. part. The v., at the centre, contains a Unitarian church, and there is a Friends cliurcli in the n. part. It has 6 stores, cap. $6,650 ; 1 woollen fac, 4 grist m., lOsawm. Cap. in manufac. $15,190. 1 acad. 25 students, 8 sch. 28-< scholars. Pop. 1,258. Pembroke, p-t., Genesee co., N. Y., 262 w. Albany, 387 W. The surface is generally level ; soil, clay and gravelly loam. Drained by Tona- wanda cr. and its tributaries. It contains the v. of Richville. It has 4 stores, cap. $22,300; 1 furnace, 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,350. 13 sch. 381 scholars. Pop. 1,970. Pembroke, p-o., Giles co., Va., 230 w. Rich- mond, 276 W. Pe.mbroke, p-v., Christiav co., Ky., 197 a. w. Frankfort, 721 W. Pemigewasset, r., N. H., the principal con- stituent stream of the Merrimac r., rises in Fran- conia t. and the ungranted land in the vicinity. Its principal branches unite on the n. border of Woodstock, and it retains its name until by the union of Winnipiseogee r., in Franklin t., it be- comes the Merrimac r. Pendleton, comity, Va. Situated toward the n. part of the stale, and contains 999 sq. ms. It is an elevated table land, between 2 ridges of the Alleghany mountains. The south branch of Potomac r. flows through it from s. w. to n. e. The surface is mountainous and rough ; soil, sterile. Capital, Franklin. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,161, sheep 20,973, swine 12,777; wheat 65,725 bush, produced, rye 35,517, Indian corn 130,010, buckwheat 8,189, oats 51,168, pota- toes 35,645, sugar 112,151 pounds ; 1 1 stores, cap. $63,200 ; 1 fulling m., 1 cotton lac. 500 sp., 8 tan- neries, 44 distilleries, 4 powder m., 1 pottery, 3 flouring m., 31 grist m., 46 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. .$50,698. 12 sch. 235 scholars. Pop. whites 6,445, slaves 462, free col'd 33; total, 6,940. Pendleton, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 450 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Licking r. and its branches. Capital, Fal- mouth. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,136, sheep 6,475, swine 13,108; wheat 31,175 bush, produced, rye 5,673, Ind. corn 225,021, oats 31,332, potatoes 2,508, tobacco 107,573 pounds; 6 stores, cap. $15,700; 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 8 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $18,925. 10 sch. 265 scholars. Pop. whites 4,013, slaves 437, free col'd 5; total, 4,455. Pendleton, p-t., Niagara co., N. Y., 7 s. w. Lockport, 284 w. by n. Albany, 406 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile calcareous loam. Tonawanda cr. bounds it on the s. The v. is situated on the Erie canal, and contains 4 stores, and about 30 dwellings. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. .$5,700 ; 1 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $450. 7 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 1,098. Pendleto.n, p-o., Scott CO., Va., 355 w. by n. Richmond, 423 W. Pendleton, p-v., Anderson dist., S. C, 136 w. N. w. Columbia, 531 W. Situated on a branch of Savannah r., 1 mile from the district line. It contains 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Presbyterian — 2 academies, 7 stores, and 633 inhabitants. Pendleton, p-o., Putnam co., O., 110 n. w. Columbus, 475 W. Pendleton, p-v., Madison co., la., 31 N. E. In- dianapolis, 558 W. It is situated at the falls of PEN 517 PEN Fall cr., and contains 2 stores, 2 mills, various mechanic shops, and about 200 inhabitants. Penfield, p-t., Monroe co., N. Y., 8 e. Ro- chester, 222 w. by n. Albany, 371 W. The sur- face is undulating : soil, sandy and gravelly loam, with a portion of clay on the s. Drained by Irondiquoit cr. The v. is situated on Irondiquoit cr., and contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 3Iethodist — an academy, called the Penfield Lyceum, 3 stores, 1 woollen fac, 2 flouring m., 1 carding machine, 1 fulling ra., 1 saw m., 1 stave fac, 1 tannery, 100 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $30,550 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. §71,900; 1 acad. 170 students, 16 sch. 945 scholars. Pop. 2,842. Penfield, p-o., Clearfield co., Pa., 141 n. w. Harrisburg, 240 W. Pexfield, p-t., Lorain co., O., 14 s. Elyria, 106 N. N. e. Columbu.s, 365 W. Drained by the main branch of Black r. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 5 sch. 118 scholars. Pop. 405. Penfield, p-v., Greene co., Ga., 51 n. Mil- ledgeville, 610 W. Penfield, p-o., Kane co., III., 162 n. n. e. Springfield, 771 VV. Penfield, t., Calhoun co., Mich. It has 2 sch. 64 scholars. Pop. 377. Peninsula, p-o., Boston t., Summit co., O., 136 N. E. Columbus, 345 W. Situated on the Ohio canal, at the Cuyahoga aqueduct, 23 ms. s. of Cleveland. Penn, t., 3Iorgan co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,800 ; 1 tannery, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $900. 6 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 1,119. Penn, t., Chester co.. Pa., 36 s. w. Philadel- phia. The surface is level ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by tributaries of Elk and While Clay creeks. Itcontains the v.of Jennersville. There are in the t. 1 store, cap. $5,000 ; 1 grist m., 1 .saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,350. 3 sch. 82 scholars. Pop. 663. Pen.n, t., Lycoming co.. Pa. It has 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,300. 3 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 354. Penn, t., Perry co., Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $12,300; 1 forge, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 4 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $16,520; 5 sch. 196 scholars. Pop. 839. Penn, p-o.. Jay co., la., 108 n. e. Indianapolis, 531 W. Penn, t., Cass co., Mich. It has 1 store, cap. | $500; 3 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $3,500. 3 sell. 123 scholars. Pop. 415. Pennington, pv., Hopewell t., Mercer co., N. J., 8 N. Trenton, 177 W. It contains 1 Presby- terian and 1 Methodist church, both of brick, an academy, a public library, 3 stores, and about 40 dwellings. Pennington, t.. Licking co., O. It has 7 sch. 366 scholars. Pop. 1,244. Pennington, t., Union co.. Ark. It has 1 sch. 15 scholars. Pop. 914. Penn Line, p-o., Crawford co., Pa., 256 n. w. Harrisburg, 322 W. Penn Run, p-o,, Indiana co., Pa., 161 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 214 W. Pen.nsborough, p-o., Wood co., Va., 295 w. N. w. Richmond, 263 W. Penns Creek, po.. Union co.. Pa. Pennsbury, t., Chester co., Pa., 23 s. w. Phil- adelphia. The surface is gently sloping; soil, calcareous loam. Brandywine cr. runs on its e. boundary, and receives from it Pocopsen cr. and other small tributaries. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,600; 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,600. 3 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 933. Penns Grove, p-o., Delaware co., Pa., 97 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 127 W. Penns Neck, Lower, t., Salera co., N. J., 5 N. w. Salem. Delaware r. bounds it on the w. and s. w. The surface is level ; soil, clay and sandy loara, with some marsh meadow. It con- tains 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Metho- dist church. Salem r. bounds it on the s. e., and is connected with the Delaware r. by a canal, 2 ms. long. It has 4 stores, cap. $4,800 ; 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,047. 5 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 1,219. Penns Neck, Upper, t, Salem co., N. J. The surface is level ; soil, a light sandy loara. It has 1 Friends and 1 Methodist church. It contains a valuable bed of shell marl. It has 4 stores, cap. $14,000; 2 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 1,854. Penns Store, p-o., Patrick co., Va., 210 w. s w. Richmond, 235 W. Pennsville, p-v., Wrightstovvn, t., Bucks co., Pa., 25 N. Philadelphia, 111 e. Harrisburg, 160 W. It contains 1 store, and about 12 dwellings. Pennsvile, p-v., Penn t., Morgan co., O., 77 E. by .s. Columbus, 331 W. It contains 1 Friends church, 2 stores, about 20 dwellings, and 100 in- habilants. PENNSYLVANIA. Pennsylvania, one of the middle United States, is bounded n. by New York and Lake Erie ; E. by New .lersey, from which it is separated by Delaware river ; s. by Delaware, 3Iaryland, and Virginia ; and w. by Virginia and Ohio. It is between 39° 43' and 42° n. lat., and between 74'' and 80° 40' w. Ion. ; and between 3° 31' w. and 2'^ 18' e. from W. It is 307 miles long, and 160 broad, containing 46,000 square miles, or 29,440,000 acres. The population in 1790, was 434,373 ; in 1800, 602,545 ; in 1810, 810,091 ; in 1820, 1,049,313 ; in 1830, 1,347,672; in 1840, 1,724,033. Of these 844,770 were white males; 831,345 do. females; 22,753 free colored males; 25,102 do. females. Employed in agriculture, 207,533 ; in comraerce, 15,338; in manufactures and trades, 105,883 ; in mining, 4,603 ; navigating the ocean, 1,815 ; do. lakes, rivers, &c., 3,951 ; learned pro- fessions, &c., 6,706. The state is divided into 55 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, are as follows : Eastern District — Adams, 23,044, Gettysburg; Berks, 64,569, Reading; Bucks, 48,10", DoylestowTi and Bristol; Chester, 57,515, West Chester; Cumberland, 30,953, Carlisle ; Dau- phin, 30,118, Harrisburg; Delaware, 19,791, Chester; Franklin, 37,793, Chambersburg ; Lan- caster, 84,203, Lancaster; Lebanon, 21,872, Lebanon; Lehigh, 25,785, AUentown; Monroe, 9,879, Stroudsburg; 3Iontgomerv, 47,241, Norri.^town ; Northampton, 40,996, Easton; Perry, 17,096, Bloorafield ; Philadelphia, 258,037, Philadelphia ; Pike, 3,832, Milford; Schuylkill, PEN 518 PEN 29,053, Orwigsburg; Wayne, 11,848, Honesdale ; York, 47,010, York. Western District — Al- leghany, 81,235, Pittsburgh; Armstrong, 2S,365, Kittaning ; Beaver, 29,368, Beaver ; Bedford, 29,335, Bedford ; Bradford, 32,769, Towanda ; Butler, 22,378, Butler ; Camcri a, 11,256, Ebens- burg ; Centre, 20,492, Bellefonte ; Clearfield, 7,834, Clearfield ; Cllnton, 8,323, Lock Haven ; Columbia, 24,267, Danville ; Crawford, 31,724, Meadville ; Erie, 31,344, Erie ; Fayette, 33,574, Union; Greene, 19,147, Waynesburg; Huntingdon, 35,484, Huntingdon; Indiana, 20,782, Indiana ; Jefferson, 7,253, Brookville ; Juniata, 11,030, Mifflintown ; Luzerne, 44,006, Wilkesbarre ; Lycoming, 22,649, VVilliamsport ; McKean, 2,975, Smithport ; 3Iercer, 32,873, Mercer; Mifflin, 13,092, Lewistovvn ; Northumberland, 20,027, Sunbury; Potter, 3,371, Cowdersport; Somerset, 19,650, Somerset ; Susquehanna, 21,195, Montrose; Tioga, 15,498, Wellsborough ; Union, 22,787, New Berlin ; Venango, 17,900, Franklin ; Warren, 9,278, War- ren ; Washington, 41,279, Washington; Westmoreland, 42,699, Greensburg. Harrisburg is the seat of government, on the e. bank of the Susquehanna river, 97 miles w. N. w. from Philadelphia. The Alleghany mountains cross the state from s. w. to N. E., and there are many smaller ranges on each side of the principal ridge, and parallel to it. These mountainous tracts cover all the cen- tral part of the state, embracing nearly one seventh of its whole surface. In the s. E. and n. w., the country is either level or moderately hilly. The soil is generally good, and much of it is of a superior quality ; the richest tract is in the s. E., on both sides of the Susquehanna. This part of the state has been long settled, and is under high cultivation. Between the head waters of the Alleghany and Lake Erie, the soil is excellent. Tlie most important production of the state by far is wheat, which grows here in great perfection ; and next in value is Indian corn. Rye, barley, buckwheat, oats, hemp, and flax are also extensively cultivated. Cherries, peaches, and apples are abundant, and much cider is made. Although the state is belter adapted to grain than to graz- ing, yet in many parts there are large dairies, and fine horses and cattle are raised. In this state there were in 1840,361,553 horses and mules; 1,161,576 neat cattle; 1,755,597 sheep; 1,435,360 sv\'ine. There was produced poultry to the value of $631,979. There were raised 12,993,218 bushels of wheat; 206,858 of barley; 20,485,747 of oats ; 6,544,654 of rye; 2,096,016 of buckwheat ; 14,077,363 of Indian corn ; 3,023,657 pounds of wool ; 43,694 of hops ; 32,708 of wax ; 9,477,343 bushels of potatoes ; 1,302,635 tons of hay ; 2,644 of hemp and flax ; 325,018 pounds of tobacco ; 7,262 of silk cocoons ; 2,265,755 of sugar. The products of the dairy amounted to $3,152,987 ; and of the orchard, $610,512. There were made 14,328 gallons of wine. The value of lumber was $1,146,355. The mineral wealth of Pennsylvania is very great. Iron ore is widely disseminated, and has been extensively wrought. But the coal regions furnish the most interesting portion of its mineral productions. West of the Alleghany ridge, bituminous coal is found, of an excellent quality, and in inexhaustible quantities. In Pittsburgh and the vicinity it is extensively used for manufacturing pur- poses. In this region salt springs occur, which aflTord a strong brine. But the anthracite coal region, E. of the Blue ridge, and between it and the n. branch of the Susquehanna, is immense, and is exten- sively wrought. The Mauch Chunk, Schuylkill, and Lynken's valley coal-field, extends from the Lehigh, across the head waters of the Schuylkill, and is 65 miles in length, with an average breadth of about 5 miles. The Lehigh coal, procured at the northern portion of this field, is heavy, hard, and difficult of ignition. At Mauch Chunk this coal is found near the surface, and extends to the depth of from 12 to 50 or 60 feet. The Schuylkill coal is from the centre of the above field, burns with less difficulty than the Lehigh, and yields red ashes. The Lackawanna coal-field extends from Carbondale, on the Lackawannock, to 10 miles below Wilkesbarre, on the Susquehanna. This field is made accessible by the Carbondale railroad and the Delaware and Hudson canal, extend- ing to the Hudson river. Limestone is abundant in all parts of the state, and in the s. e. parts a fine marble. The climate of Pennsylvania is various. In the mountainous region in the interior, the winters are severe. The weather is colder on the western than the eastern side of the mountain ridge, and in both the rivers are frozen between one and two months in the year. In the s. e. portion the winters are mild, and on the whole the climate is healthy. The Delaware river washes the eastern border of the state, and is navigable for large ships to Philadelphia. The LeMgh, after a course of 75 miles, enters it at Easton. The Schuylkill, 130 miles long, unites with it 6 miles below Philadelphia. The Susquehanna is a large river, which rises in New York, flows s. through this state, and enters the Chesapeake bay, in Maryland. It is much obstructed by falls and rapids. The Juniata rises among the Alleghany mountains, and, after a course of 180 miles, enters the Susquehanna, 1 1 miles above Harrisburg. The Alleghany river, 400 miles long, from the n., and the Monongahela, 300 miles long, from the s., unite at Pitts- burgh, and form the Ohio. The Youghiogeny is a small river which flows into the Monongahela. Philadelphia, between the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, and Pittsburgh, at the junction of the Monongahela and Alleghany rivers, are the most commercial places in the state. The other PEN 519 PEN principal towns are Lancaster, Reading, Harrisburg, Easton, York, Carlisle, Alleghany, and Erie. The exports of the state for the year ending September, 1840, were $6,820,145; and the imports were $8,4(>4,882. There were 194 commercial and 178 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $3,662,811; there were 6,534 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $35,629,170; there were 5,064 persons engaged in the lumber trade, employing a capital of $2,241,040; 2,146 persons employed in hiternal transportation, who, with 466 persons employed as butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $727,850 ; 53 persons were employed in the fisheries, with a capital of $16,460. The manufactures of Pennsylvania are extensive. Tliere were in 1840, home-made or family goods produced to the amount of $1,292,429 ; 235 woollen manufactories, and 337 fulling mills, employing 2,909 persons, producing articles to the value of $2,298,861, and employing a capital of $1,500,546 ; 106 cotton manufactories, with 146,494 spindles, employing 5,522 persons, producing articles to tlie value of $5,013,007, and employing a capital of $3,325,400 ; 2,977 persons produced 859,686 tons of anthracite coal, with a capital of $4,334,102 ; 1,798 persons produced 11,620,654 bushels of bituminous coal, with a capital of $300,416; 213 furnaces, producing 93,395 tons of cast iron, and 169 forges, &c., producing 87,244 tons of bar iron, employing 11,522 persons and a capi- tal of $7,781,471 ; 87 paper manufactories produced to the amount of $792,335, and other paper manufactures to the amount of $95,500, the whole employing 794 persons and a capital of $581,800 ; hats and caps were manufactured to the amount of $819,431, and straw bonnets to the amount of $80,512, employing 1,467 persons and a capital of $449,107; 1,149 tanneries employed 3,392 per- • sons, and a capital of $2,729,536 ; 2,132 other leather manufactories, su(;h as saddleries, &c., pro- duced articles to the amount of $3,453,243, employing a capital of $1,249,923 ; 30 powder mills manufactured 1,181,225 pounds of powder, employing 53 persons and a capital of $66,800; drugs, paints, &c., employed 519 persons, producing articles to the amount of $2,179,625, and turpentine and varnish to the amount of $7,865, the v\hole employing 519 persons and a capital of $2,179,625 ; 28 glass-houses, and 15 glass cutting establishments, employed 835 persons, producing articles to the amount of $772,400, with a capital of $714,100 ; 182 potteries employed 322 persons, producing articles to the amount of $157,902, employing a capital of $75,562; 1,969 persons pro- duced machinery to the value of $1,993,752; 763 persons produced hardware and cutlery to the amount of $783,482 ; 168 persons produced 5 cannon and 21,571 small-arms ; 245 persons manu- factured the precious metals to the amount of $2,679,075; 536 persons manufactured granite and marble to the amount of $443,610 ; 3,858 persons made bricks and lime to the amount of $1,719,796; 2,770 persons manufactured carriages and wagons to the amount of $1,203,732, with a capital of $559,831 ; 1,005 distilleries produced 6,228,768 gallons, and 87 breweries produced 12,765,974 gal- lons, employing 1,601 persons and a capital of $1,585,771; 725 flouring mills produced 1,181,530 barrels of flour, and with other mills, employed 7,916 persons, producing articles to the amount of $9,232,515, employing a capital of $7,779,784 ; 353 persons manufactured 5,097,690 pounds of soap, 2,316,843 pounds of tallow candles, and 5,002 do. of spermaceti candles, employing a capital of $294,412 ; ships were built to the amount of $663,015 ; 2,357 persons manufactured furniture to the amount of $1,151,167, with a capital of $714,817; 1,991 brick houses, and 2,406 wooden houses were built, employing 9,881 persons, and cost $5,339,530 ; 221 printing offices, 46 binderies, 12 daily, 10 semi-weekly, and 162 weekly newspapers, and 42 periodicals, employed 1,702 persons and a capital of $630,340. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactui-es hi the state, was $31,629,415. The colleges in this state are numerous. The following are their names, location, and the date of their being founded. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1755; Dickinson College, Car- lisle, 1783; Jefferson College, C'annonsburg, 1802; Washington College, Washington, 1806; Alleghany College, Meadville, 1815; Pennsylvania College, (Jettysburgh, 1832; Lafayette Col- lege, Easton, 1832 ; Marshall College, Mcrcersburg, 1836. Besides these are the ."\ledical Depart- ment of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1765 ; JefTerson Medical College, Philadelphia, 1824 ; Medical Department of Pennsylvania College, Philadelphia, 1839. The Theological Semi- nary of the Lutheran Church, Gettysburg, 1826; German Reformed, York, 1825; Western Theo- logical Seminary at Alleghany, 1323 ; Theological Seminary a' Cannonsburg ; Theological Semi- nary at Pittsburgh. In all these seminaries there were in 1840, 2,034 students. There were in the state, 290 academies, with 15,970 students, 4,968 primary and common schools, with 179,989 scholars. There were 33 940 persons over 20 years of age who could neither read nor write. Of the religious denominations, the Presbyterians, including the Associate Reformed, had in 1836, about 400 ministers ; the Baptists, 140 ; the Methodists, 250 ; German Reformed, 73 ; Episcopalians, 70; the Friends, 150 congregations. Besides, there are several other denominations less numerous. In Jan. 1840, there were in this state, 49 banks, with an aggregate capital of $24,286,405, and a circulation of $9,338,636. At the close of 1310, the state debt amounted to $34,723,261. PEN 520 PEN In tlie year 1825, Pennsylvania began a splendid course of internal improvements. Her greatest work is a canal from Philadelphia, including a railroad from Johnstown to Hollidaysburg, 37 miles, over the Alleghany to Pittsburgh, 400 miles. There is a tunnel on the railroad 870 feet long, 200 feet below the top of the mountain. The Schuylkill Navigation canal extends 108 ms. from Philadelphia to Port Carbon ; the Union canal, 82 ms. from Reading to Middletown ; the Lehigh, 84 ms. from Easton to Stoddartsville ; the Lackawaxen, 25 ms. from Delaware r. to Honesdale ; the Conestaga, 18 ms. from Lancaster to Safe Harbor ; the Codorus, 11 ms. from York to Susque- hanna river; Bald Eagle, 25 ms. from West Branch canal to Bellefonte; the Susquehanna, 45 ms. from WrightsviUe to Havre de Grace, and several small canals. The railroads of this state are still more numerous. The Columbia, 81 ms. from Columbia to Philadelphia ; Valley, 20 ms. from Norristown to Columbia railroad ; Harrisburg and Lancaster, 35 ms ; Cumberland Valley, 50 ms. from Harrisburg to Chambersburg ; Westchester, 10 ms. from Co- lumbia railroad to Westchester ; Franklin, 30 ms. from Chambersburg to Williamsport ; York and WrightsviUe, 13 ms. ; Strasburg, 7 ms. from Cumberland Valley railroad to Strasburg ; Philadelphia and Reading, 95 ms. from Reading to Pottsville ; Little Schuylkill, 23 ms. from Port Clinton to Tamaqua ; Danville and Pottsville, 44i ms. from Pottsville to Sunbury ; Little Schuylkill and Susquehanna, 106 ms. from Tamaqua to Williamsport ; Beaver Meadow branch, 12 ms. from Lardner's Gap to Beaver Meadow railroad ; Williamsport and Elmira, 73^ ms. between the 2 places ; Corning and Blossburg, 40 ms. do. ; Mount Carbon, 7i ms. from Mount Carbon to Nor- wegian Creek; Schuylkill Valley, 10 ms. from Port Carbon to Tuscarora; branches of do. 15 m. ; Schuylkill, 13 ms. from Schuylkill to the Valley ; Mill Creek, 9 ms. from Port Carbon to Coal Mine ; Mine Hill and Schuylkill Haven, 20 ms. from Schuyllvill Haven to Mine Hill Gap ; Mauch Chunk, 9 ms. from Mauch Chunk to Coal 3Iine ; branches of do. 16 ms. ; Room Run, 5?- ms. from Mauch Chunk to Coal Mine ; Beaver Meadow, 20 ms. from Parrysville to Coal Mine ; Hazelton and Le- high, 8 ms. from Hazelton Mine to Beaver 3Ieadow railroad ; Nesquehoning, 5 ms. from Nesque- honing Mine to Lehigh River ; Lehigh and Susquehanna, 191 ms. from White Haven to Wilkes- barre ; Carbondale and Honesdale, 17i ms., connects the 2 places ; Lykin's Valley, 16^ ms. from Broad Mountain to Millersburg ; Pine Grove, 4 ms. from Pine Grove to Coal Mine ; Philadelphia and Trenton, 26y ms. from Philadelphia to Morrisville ; Philadelphia, Germantown, and Norristown, 17 ms. from Philadelphia to Norristown; Germantown branch of do. 4 ms. ; Philadelphia and Wil- mington, 27 ms. from Philadelphia to Wilmington. This state was granted to William Penn, of the society of Friends, by James II. of England, in 1681. It had previously been settled by the Swedes and Finns, and conquered by the Dutch ia 1654. Penn disposed of 20,000 acres to a company of Friends, for 400 pounds sterling, and a colony of them came over towards the close of the year, and formed a settlement at Philadelphia. It was governed by the proprietors until early in the revolutionary war, w hen the legislature purchased it, by paying the proprietors 130,000 pounds sterling, in lieu of all quit-rents. This state was the theatre of several hard fought battles in the revolutionary war, particularly of Brandy wine and Germantown ; and Philadelphia was for some time in the possession of the British. The constitution of the United States was adopted in convention, December 13th, 1787; yeaa 46, nays 23 ; majority, 23. The United States congress removed from Philadelphia to Washing- ton in 1800. Penn, township, Philadelphia co.. Pa. Situ- ated N. w. of the city of Philadelphia, on which it joins. Schuylkill r. bounds it on the w. The surface is generally level ; soil, a productive clay and loam, well cultivated. Drained on the n. w. by Falls run, which affords water power. It is the seat of the Girard college, for which the late Stephen Girard bequeathed $2,000,000. The principal edifice is of white marble, and is 218 feet long and 160 wide, including the platforms which support the columns, and 97 feet high. There are 34 columns, of fine Grecian architec- ture, of the Corinthian order, around the building, 55 feet high, and 6 feet diameter at the base. The building is incombustible, and will cost over $1,200,000 ; and thus a large part of the munifi- cent bequest for the gratuitous education of orphan boys, will be swallowed up in this ex- travagant expenditure. There are 5 buildings attached to tiie institution. It has 4 stores, cap. $2,900 ; 1 furnaoe, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $76,600. Pop. 3,342. Penn Yan, p-v., Milo, t., capital of Yates co., N. Y., 192 w. Albany, 32y VV. Situated on the outlet of Crooked lake, which affords water power. It contains a court house, jail, a bank, an acade- my, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Congregation- al, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 24 stores, 2 warehouses, 2 flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 furnace, 1 clothier's works, 1 tannery, 1 boat yard, 3 carriage fac, 1 plough fac, 1 tannery, 2 printing offices, each issuing a weekly newspaper, 300 dwellings, and about 1,800 inhabitants. The Crooked Lake canal, 8 ms. long, passes through the place, and through Seneca lake connects it with the Erie canal. Penobscot, r., the largest river of Maine, con- sists of two main branches. The la.^ger or west- ern branch rises in the highlands, in the western part of Maine, and which divide it from Canada, and not far from the head waters of the Chaudiere r., which flows into the St. Lawrence. After a considerable course to the E.it falls intoChesum- cook lake, whence passing s. E., and through Pemadumcook and other lakes, it unites with the ea.'-tern branch. This branch, called the Seboois, rises in some small lakes near the head waters of tlie Aroostook r., and flows nearly s. to the junc- tion, 54 miles above Bangor. Afier the junctioi), the river proceeds in a s. e. direction until it re- PEN 521 PEO ceives Mattawamkeag r., from the n. e., which is its principal tributary on the e. side. Its di- rection is tlien s. s. w., until it receives the Pis- catiquis, its chief western tributary ; it then holds a direction s. by w. to its entrance into Penobscot bay. Its upper portions have many falls and rapids, furnishing many excellent mill sites. It is about 275 miles long from its source to the ocean. It is navigable 50 ms. from the ocean, to Bangor, for vessels of a large size, and for boats to a consid- erable distance above that. The tide rises at Bangor more than 20 feet, to which the same causes in a measure contribute, which produce sucli an enormous tide in the Bay of Fundy — the wedge-like form of the bay, and the current pro- duced by the return of the gulf stream. There is a number of islands in the river above Ban- gor, the principal of which is Oldtown, the resi- dence of the Penobscot tribe of Indians, who o*/n all the islands in the r. as far as the forks, several ms. above Mattawamkeag r., several of which are considerable, and fertile. They have a considerable annuity, secured to them by the state. There are several flourishing towns on the Penobscot bay and river. On the e. side are Castine, Bucksport, and Orrington. On the w. side are Thomaston, Camden, Belfast, Prospect, Frankfort, Hamden, Bangor, and Orono. The Penobscot bay is a fine body of water, and ex- tends from the ocean, at Owl's Head, to Belfast bay, about 20 miles. Across the mouth of the bay, from Owl's Head to Burnt Coat island, is about 30 miles. It embosoms a number of fine islands, the principal of which are Deer island. Fox islands, Isle of Haut, Long island, and some others. From a hill back of Camden, and from other points, the view of this bay, with its islands and numerous vessels, is exceedingly beautiful. The bay and river contain many fine harbors, the principal of which are Castine, Belfast, Bucks- port, Bangor, and others. Penobscot, collection dist. Tonnage, 1840, 37,130. PENonscoT, county, Me. Situated in the N. part of the state, and is of great extent, though but a small portion of it is settled. Drained in its upper parts by tiie head branches of Aroos- took and the w. branch of Penobscot rivers, and has numerous lakes. In its lower and settled parts are Penobscot r. and its branches, ftlat- tawamkeag, Sebec, and Kanduskeag rivers. The surface is undulating, with some mountains in its N. part ; soil, generally fertile. Capital, Bangor. There were in 1840, neat cattle 19,416, sheep 35,312, swine 9,442; wheat 112,04! hush, produ- ced, rye 9,767, Ind. corn 35,694, buckvvlieat 3,528, barley 7,919, oats 103,526, potatoes 923,628, sugar 12,303 pounds; 11 commercial and com. houses in for. trade, cap. $98,500 ; 226 stores, cap. $435,731 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $11,600 ; 10 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 21 tanneries, 1 pottery, 4 flouring m., 28 grist m., 242 saw m., 1 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 2 binderies, 1 daily, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. .$955,674. 4 acad. 275 students, 270 sch. 14,797 scholars. Pop. 45,705. Penobscot, p-t., Hancock co.. Me., 8 n. by je. Castine, 78 e. by N. Augusta, 674 W. Situated on the E. side of Penobscot r. An arm of Pe- nobscot bay sets up from the s. w., and aflJbrds facilities for navigation. A large pond lies partly in its N. E. part. It has good water power, and exports lumber. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Incorporated in 1817. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,300 : 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $1,930. 13 sch. 526 scholars. Pop. 1,474. Pensacola, bay, Flor., sets up from the Gulf 66 of Mexico, about 11 ms. from the gulf, and is di- vided into 3 parts. The w. arm, called Escam- bia bay. is 11 nis. long and 4 broad, and receives Escambia r. from the n. The middle arm is called Yellow Water bay, of about the size of Escambia, and receives Yellow Water r., through several mouths. Black Water bay, 7 ms. long and 2 broad, is attached to the n. w. end of Yel- low Water bay, is full of islands, and receives Black Water r. and t'edar cr. East bay is 7 ms. long, where it tapers to a small r., near St. Rosa's sound. This admits frigates of the largest class, and is entirely sbeltered from all winds. Its en- trance, between Fort Barancas and the w. end of St. Rosa island, is about three fourths of a mile wide, and is well defended. This harbor has 22 feet water on the bar at low tide, is completely land locked, and is the best on the Gulf of Mexico. Pensacola, city, port of entry, and capital of Escambia co., Flor., 242 w. Tallahassee, 1,080 W. Situated on Pensacola bay, 10 miles from its entrance into the Gulf of Mexico, on a dry sandy plain, 40 or 50 feet above the level of the water. The streets are wide, crossing each other at right angles. It has 2 public squares, each 500 by 300 feet. It contains a court house, 2 churches — 1 Roman Catholic and 1 Episcopal — a market house, custom house, and public store, and about 2,000 inhabitants. A v^ harf extends 5 or 600 feet into the bay. Tlie U. S. navy yard is 8 ms. from tlie city, and 5 from the entrance of the harbor, and covers nearly 80 acres of ground, enclosed by a high brick wall. It contains houses for the ofllcers, and a naval store and other build- ings adapted to the convenience of the establish- ment. 'Phe grounds are laid out in a tasteful manner. Tonnage 1840, 2,922. Peoria, lake. 111., is an expansion of the Illi- nois r., commencing at Peoria v., extending about 20 ms. in a n. e. direction. It is much wider than the r., and has very little current. The water is clear, with a gravelly bottom. It is di- vide0, cotton 733,266 pounds ; 8 stores, cap. $5,750 ; 12 grist m., 7 saw m., 19 sch. 412 scliolars. Pop. whites 7,987, slaves 2,111, free col'd 10; total, 10,10-t. Pike, county. Miss. Situated toward the s. w. part of the state, and contains 864 sq. ms. PIK 531 PIK Drained by Bogue Chitto r. and its branches, and by 'I'angiapaho r., which flows into Lake Pont- chartraiii. Capital, Ilolmcsville. There were in 1S40, neat cattle y,421, sheep 2,482, swine )9,59I; wheat 257 bush, produced, Iiid. corn 180,345, oats 9,198, potatoes 26,818, rice 139,600 pounds, cotton 1,416,751 ; 3 stores, cap. $24,000; 12 sch. 242 scholars. Pop. whites 3,756 slaves 2,374, free col'd 21 ; total, 6,151. Pike, county, Ky. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. Cumber- land mountain bounds it on the s. e. Drained by the w. fork of Big Sandy r. Capital, Pike- ton. There were in 1810, neat cattle 5,717, sheep 2,984, swine 11,866; wheat 4,966 bush, produced, Ind. corn 174,393, oats 21,292, potatoes 8,767, tobacco 11,369 pounds, cotton 14,4J1, sugar 16,850 ; 12 stores, cap. $25,743 ; 4S grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,436. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. whites 3,469, slaves 85, free col'd 13 ; total, 3,567. Pike, county, O. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 421 sq. ms. Scioto r. pa.sses centrally through it from iv. to s. The surface is various ; soil, very fertile. Capital, Chilicothe. There were in 1810, neat cattle 9,55'.*, slieep 8,706, swine 12,362; wlieat 82,470 bush, produced, Ind. corn 356,434, oats 106,324, potatoes 4,593 ; 23 .-tores, cap. $37,280 ; 3 flour- ing m., 5 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,760. 37 sch. 823 scholars. Pop. 7,626. Pike, county, la. Situated in tlie s. w. part of the state, and contains 315 sq. ms. Organized in 1816. The surface is gently rolling; soil, fer- tile. White r. nins on its n. boundary, and is navigable. Watered by I'atoka river and Flat creek. Capital, Petersburg. There were in 1840, neat cattie 4,733, sheep 5,152, swine 18.578 ; wheat 2S,947 bush, produced, Ind. corn 239,037, oats 31,934, potatoes 9,3(56, tobacco 11,440 pounds, sugar G,73i; 15 stores, cap. $33,100 ; 3 tanneries. 3 distilleries. 8 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,337. I acad. 15 students, 12 sch. 342 scholars. Pop. 4,769. Pike, county. 111- Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 800 sq. ms. The Illinois r. bounds it on the E., and the fliississippi on the s. w. Drained by creeks which flow into these rivers, and which afford water power. Snycar- tee slough passes along the 3Iississippi in this CO. There is a salt spring on McKee's cr., 20 feet in diameter. Capital, Pittsfiold. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,597, sheep 6,9S7, swine 22,413; wheat 81,879 bush, produced, rye 1,221, Ind. corn 359,945, buckwheat 1,740, oats 30,S60, potatoes 31,615, tob.acco 12,065 pounds-, sugar 8,240 ; 20 stores, cap. $6-i,400 ; 14 tanneries, I distillery, 1 flouring m., 1 1 grist in., 18 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $57,080. 2 acad. 105 students, 6 sch. 656 scholars. Pop. 11,728. Pike, county, Mo. Situated toward the n. e. part of the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. The Mississippi r. bounds it on the n. e. Salt r. runs through its N. e. part into the Mississippi. Drain- ed on the s. by a branch of Cuivre r. Capital, Bowling Green. There were in H40. neat cat tie 13,515, sheep 14,312, swine 33,940; v.heat 42,971 bush, produced, rye 2,306, Ind. corn 513,160, oats 73,930, potatoes 21,641, tobacco 822,922 pounds, sugar 20,045 ; 1 commercial house, cap. $2,200; 36 stores, cap. $133,077; 3 woollen fac, 11 tanneries, 9 distilleries, 2 potte- ries, 2 flouring m., 15 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 print- ing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manu- fac. $69,530. 27 sch. 1,048 scholars. Pop. wliites 8,157, slaves 2,472, free col'd 17 : total, 10,646. Pike, county. Ark. Situated toward the s. w. part of the slate, and contains 500 sq. ms. Drained by branches of Little Missouri r. Capi- tal, Murfreesboro'. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,772, sheep 448, swine .5,744 ; wheat 653 bush, produced, Ind. corn 70,115, potatoes 2,670, tobacco 1,018 pounds, cotton 11,993, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,800. Pop. whites 86;), slaves 109 : total, 969. Pike, pt., Alleghany co., N. Y., 20 .\. Angelica, 257 w. by s. Albnny, 35') W. The surface is rolling ; soil, a fertile mold. Drained by East Koy and West Koy creeks. The v. is situated on West Koy cr., and contains 1 Baptist and 1 3Iethodist church, 8 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 2 clothiers' works, 90 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. There are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $20,55;) ; 3 fulling m., 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,625. 9 sch. 289 scholars. Pop. 2,176. Pike, t.. Potter co.. Pa. It has 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,100. Pop. 139. Pike, t., Berks co.. Pa. The surface is une- ven ; soil, gravel, not fertile, and indifferently cultivated. Drained by the sources of Mana- tawny cr., which afford water power. It has 1 church, common to Lutherans and Presbyteri- ans. It has 3 stores, cap. $11,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 ibrge. Pop. 790. Pike, p-t., Bradford co.. Pa., 153 n. Harris- burg, 26S W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Wyalusing cr. and its tribu- taries. It has 3 stores, cap. $10,200; 2 fulling in., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 9 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $17,700. II sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 1,518. Pike, t.. Brown co., O. It has 2 sch. 70 schol- ars. Pop. 792. Pike t.. Perry co., O. It has 6 stores, cap. $6,550 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,617. 7 sch. 225 scholars. Pop. 1,663. Pike, t., Clarke co., O. It contains North- ampton v., and has 11 sch. 596 schl's. Pop. 1,436. Pike, t., Coshocton co., O. It contains West Carlisle V. It has 1 store, cap. $1,400; I tan- nery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $700. Pop. 1,115. Pike, t., Knox co., O. It contains Amity v. It has 7 sch. 291 scholars. Pop. 1,248. Pike, t., Madison co., O. It has 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,750. 6 sch. 104 scholars. Pop. 5i9. Pike, t.. Stark co., O. It has 1 sch. 35 schol- ars. Pop. 1,409. Pike Run-, p-t., Washington co., Pa., IBs. E. Washington b., 194 w. Ilarrisburg, 210 W. Wa- tered by Pike run, and Little Pike run, which flow into M(3nongahela r. At their junction with the r., is Greenfield v. The national road runs on its e. border, on which are Centreville and_ Bealsvilie villages. It has 6 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 distillery, 1 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $13,500. 2 sch. 58 scholars. Pop. 2,187. Pike Run, p-o., Ross co., O. PiKETON, p v., capital of Pike co., O., 19 s. Chilicothe, 64 s. Columbus, 393 W. Situated on the E. side of Scioto r. It contains a court house, jail, 6 stores, 1 tannery, and about 80 dwellings. PiKETO.v, p-v., capital of Pike co., Ky., 173 e. s. E. Frankfort, 433 W. Situated on the w. fork of Sandy r. It contains a court house, 20 dwell- ing-s and 92 inhabitants. PiKETO.\, p-v., Marion co., la., 9 n. w. Indian- apolis, 580 W. PIN 532 PIN Pike Townsihp, p-o., Pike t., Berks co., Pa., 63 E. Harrisburg, 161 W. PiKicviLLE, p-v., Baltimore co., Md., 8 n. w. Baltimore, 3S n. Annapolis, 43 W. Situated on tlie E. side of Patapsco r. It contains a United State.i arsenal. An academy, and 200 inhab. PiKFAiLLE, p-v., capital of Marion co., Ala., 68 N. N. w. Tuscaloosa, 831) W. Situated 3 ms. E. of tlie Bultahatchee r.. and contains a court house, and a few dwellings. PiKEviLLE, p-v., capital ofBledsoe co., Tenn., 112 E. s. E. Nashville, 588 W. Situated on ele- vated ground, a little w. of Sequatcliy r., a branch of Tennessee r. It contains a court house, and about 150 inhal)ilants. PiLATKA, p-v., St. Johns CO., Flor. Situated on tlie w. side of St. Johns r. PiLCHER, p-o., Belmont co., O., 126 e. Colum- bus, 293 W. Piles Grove, t., Salem co., N. J., 10 n. e. Sa- lem. The surface is level ; soil, stiff clay and deep loam, and well cultivated. Drained by Sa- lem cr., which affords water power. It contains 3 churches — 1 Friends, 1 Methodist, 1 African Methodist. It has 10 stores, cap. $19,600; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $49,340. 8 sch. 312 scholars. Pop. 2,477. Pillar Point, p-o., Brownville t., Jefferson CO., N. Y. Pilot Grove, p-o.. Cooper co., Mo., 62 w. by N. Jefferson City, 976 W. PiN'CKNEY, t., Lewis CO., N. Y., 16 n. w. Martinsburg, 156 n. w. Albany. The surface is level ; soil, a fertile sandy and clay loam. Drain- ed by Deer r. and Sandy cr. It has 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $200. 11 sch. 372 scholars. Pop. 9-)7. PiNCKNEY, p-v., Rutherford co., N. C, 226 w. by s. Raleigh, 457 W. PiNCKNEY, p v., Williamson co.. Term., 28 s. Nashville, 705 W. Situated on the w. side of Harpeth r., a branch of Cumberland r. Pi.\CKNEY, p-v., Warren co.. Mo., 61 e. n. e. Jefferson City, 8S5 W. Situated on the n. side of Missouri r. Pop. of the t. 424. PiNCKXEY, p-o., Livingston co., 3Iich., 54 w. by N. Detroit, 547 W. PixcKNEYViLLE, p-v.. Union dist., S. C, 79 n. w. Columbus, 449 W. Situated on the w. side of Broad r. PiNCKNEYviLLE, p-v., Gwinnett co., Ga., 96 n. w. Milledgeville, 667 W. Situated a little s. e. of Chattahooche r. PiNCKNEYViLLE, p-v., Tallapoosa CO., Ala. PiNCKXEYViLLE, pv., Wilkinson co., Miss., 150 s. w. Jackson, 1,160 W. Situated near the s. w. border of the state, and contains 2 stores, and several dwellings. PiNCKNEYViLLE, p-v.. Capital of Perry co.. 111., 134 s. Springfield, 8^9 W. Situated on the w. side of Big Beaucoup creek, at the head of Four Mile prairie, and contains 5 stores and 20 dwell- ings, and 61 inhabitants. PiNDERTOvvN, p-v., Lbb CO., Ga., 118 s. s. w. Milledgeville, 775 W. Situated on the w. side of Flint r. Pine, p-o., Vienna t., Oneida co., N. Y., 117 w. N. w. Albany, 3S7 W. Pine, t., Alleghany co., Pa., 11 n. Pittsburg. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Drained by branches of Alleghany r. It has 1 store, capital $500. 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,200. 9 sch. 342 schol- ars. Pop. 1,770. Pine, t., Armstrong co.. Pa. Bounded w. by Alleghany r., by branches of which it is drained. It has 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,700. 1 acad. 26 students. Pop. 1,227. Pi.vE Bluff, p-o., Copiah co., IMiss., 49 s. s. w. Jackson, i,061 W. Pine Bluff, po., Pulaski co.. Mo., 82 s. Jef- ferson City, 973 W. Pine Bluff, p-v., capital of Jefferson co., Ark., 23 s. s. e. Little Rock, 1,113 W. Situated on the s. side of Arkansas r. It contains a court house, several stores, and about 200 inhabitants. Pine Brook, p-v., Hanover t., Morris co., N. J., 63 N. Trenton, 234 W. Pine Creek, t., Clinton co.. Pa. It has 1 flour- ing m., 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $13,000. 1 acad. 25 students, 2 sch. 62 scholars. Pop. 572. Pine, cr.. Pa., rises in Potter co., and flows into the w. branch of Susquehanna r. It is naviga- ble to the li)ie of Potter co., 60 ms. A vast quan- tity of lumber passes down it annually. Pine Cheek, p o., Tioga co.. Pa., 157 n. by w. Harrisburg, 271 W. Pine C'reek, t., Jefferson co., Pa. It has 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,300. Pop. 628. Pine Creek, p-o., Lewis co., Va., 323 w. n. w. Richmond, 296 W. Pine Grove, po., Tyrone t., Steuben co., N. Y., 193 w. by s. Albany, 306 W. Pine Grove, t., Venango co., Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $7,000; 1 distillery, 1 grist ni., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,900. 2 sch. 32 scholars. Pop. 593. Pine Grove, p-t., Schuylkill co.. Pa., 43 n. e. Harrisburg, 153 W. The surface is mounlainous. Watered by Swatara creek, along which runs a navigable feeder of the Union canal. A dam across the cr., in a gorge of Blue mountain, forms a pond, covering 7 or 800 acres, and which sets up 6 ms. Along this pond is a tow-path, and 4 ms. beyond it, a canal to Pine Grove v. ; and along Swatara cr. a railroad extends 3i ms. fur- ther into the coal region. The v., situated on Swatara cr., has several streets, 6 stores, and about 90 dwellings. It contains a spacious basin for canal-boats. The t. has 6 stores, cap. $24,300 ; 2 furnaces, 1 forge, 3 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,300. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 1,605. Pine Grove, p-o., Tyler co., Va., 323 n. w. Richmond, 296 W. Pine Grove, p-o., Macon co., Ala., 143 s. e. Tuscaloosa, 804 W. Pine Grove, p-o., St. Tammany par.. La., 51 n. NewOrieans, 1,153 W. Pine Grove, p-o., Springfield t., Gallia co., O., 97 s. E. Columbus, 3C)9 W Pine Grove Mills, p o., Centre co., Pa., 90 N. w. Harrisburg, 181 W. Pink Hill, p o., Washington co., R. I., 22 Providence, 336 W. Pine Hill, p-o., Shandaken t., Ulster co., N. v., 75 s. vv. Albany, 349 W. Pine Hill, v., Elba t., Genesee co., N. Y. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 3 stores, 1 tannery, 30 dwell- ings, and about 200 inhabitants. Pine Hill, po., Wilcox co., Ala., 102 s. Tus- caloosa, 894 W. Pine Hill, p-o., Oakland co., Mich. Pine Lake, p o., Talbot co., Ga., 130 w. s. w Milledgeville, 782 W. Pine Level, po., Fluvanna co., Va. Pine Level, po., Montgomery co., Ala., 141 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 852 W. Pine Lick, p-o., Clarke co., la., 94 s. s. E. In- dianapolis, 594 W PIQ 533 PIT Pine Log, p-o., Cass co., Ga., 156 n. w. Mil- ledgeville, 647 W. Pink Orchard. (See Cattskill.) Pink Plains, p-t., Dutehe^s co., N. Y., 25 n. E. Poughkeep.sie, 62 s. Albany, 317 W. The surface has high hills on the e. and w., with a fertile intervening plain ; soil, sandy and gravelly loam, [t has several ponds, from one of which flows Wappinger's creek. Drained also by CJhi- oomico creek, a tributary of Roeliff Janscn's cr. The V. contains 1 Presbyterian church, 4 stores, 4'J dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $18,100; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $28,900. 1 sch. 18 scholars. Pop. 1,334. Pine Run, p-o., Genesee co., Mich., 72 n. w. Detroit, 596 W. Pine's Bridge, p-o., Yorktown t,, Westchester CO., N. Y., 123 s. Albany, 265 W. Pine Street, p-o., Clearfield co.. Pa., 159 n. w. Harrisburg, 242 W. PiNEViLLE, p-o., Steuben co., N. Y., 220 w. by s. Albany, 305 W. PiNEviLLE, p-v., Bucks CO., Pa., 7 e. by s. Doylestown, 108 e. Harrisburg, 163 W. It con- tains about 6 dwellings. Pineville, p-v., Charleston dist., S. C, 130 s. E. Columbia, 518 W. Situated on the s. side of the Santee r. Pineville, p-v., Marion co., Ga. Pineville, p-v., 3Iarengo co., Ala., 110 s. s. w. Tuscaloosa, 922 W. Situated near the s. line of the CO., a little e. of Tombigbee r. Pine Woods, p-o., Sevier co., Ark., 131 w. s. w. Little Rock, 1,196 W. Piny, p-o., Armstrong co., Pa., 185 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 274 W. Piny Creek, p-o., Carroll co., Md. Piny Grove, p o., Williamsburg dist., S. C, 124 E. by s. Columbia, 484 W. Piny River, p-o., Dickson co., Tenn., 52 w. Nashville, 736 W. Pingreeville, p-v., Littleton t., Grafton co., N. H., 89 N. w. Concord, 550 W. Situated on the E. side of Connecticut r. PiNKsviLLE, p-v., Armstrong co.. Pa., 197 vv. N. w. Harrisburg, 254 W. PiNKNEY, t., Calhoun co., Mich. It has 4 sch. 28 scholars. Pop. 201. Pinkham's Grant, p-t., Coos co., N. H., 92 x. Concord, 578 W. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $1,700. 1 sch. 12 scholars. I'op. 3J. PiNTLALA, r., Ala., rises in Montgomery co., and running on the e. border of the co., enters Alabama r., on its s. side. PiNTLALA, p-o., Montgomery co., Ala., 125 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 852 W. Situated on Pintlala cr., on the w. border of the co. PiNUS, p-o., Jnckson CO., 111., 90 s. Springfield, 843 W. Pioneer Mills, p-o., Cabarrus co., N. C, 155 w. by s. Raleigh, 392 W. Pipe Creek, p-o., Beaufort dist., S. C, 149 s. Columbia, 655 W. Pipe Creek, p-o., Madison co., la., 41 n. e. Indianapolis, 563 W. PiPERviLLE, p-o., Jefferson co., Wis. PiQUA, p-v., 3Iiami co., O., 73 w. Columbus, 467 W. Situated on the s. w. side of Miami r., on the Ime of the 3Iiami canal. Its streets are spacious and regularly laid out. It contains 5 cnurches, a market, 16 stores, 4 saw m., 2 grist m., a printing office issuing a weekly newspaper, 250 dwellings, mostly of brick, and handsome. The waste water of the canal affords water power. It has 5 sch. 169 scholars. Pop. 1,481. PiQi'EA, p-v., Lancaster co., Pa., 51 s. E. Har- risburg, 129 W. PiscATAQUA, r., N. IL, rises in Wakefield t., and running s. s. e. about 40 ms. falls into the Atlantic below Portsmouth, where it forms one of tlie best harbors in the U. States. Through its whole course it constitutes the boundary be- tween N. H. and Me. From its source to Ber- wick lower falls it is called Salmon Falls r. ; thence to its junction with Cocheco r, Newieha- vvannoc ; and thence to the ocean, Pi.scataqua. Through Great Bay, which enters it on the s., it receives Lamprey, Exeter, and several other stream.s from the s. and w. It is navigable, witli its tributaries, for sloops to South Berwick, Do- ver, New Market, Durham, and Exeter. Great Bay unites with the Piscataqua at Hilton's point, 5 ms. above Portsmouth, and is, in some places, 4 miles wide. The tide flows up the r. at Ports- mouth with a strong current, which prevents the harbor from being much obstructed by ice. Piscataquis, r., Me., a large western branch of Penobscot r., which rises in the elevated land between Penobscot and Kennebec rivers, and flowing E. about 65 ms., enters the Penobscot 25 ms. below the junction of 3Ialtawamkeag r. Piscataquis, county. Me. Situated in the n. part of the state, extending to the Canada line, contains a great amount of territory, most of which is a wilderness, the s. part only being settled. It contains a great number of lakes, the principal of which are Moose Head, on its vv. bor- der, Chesuncook, and Pemadumcook. Drained by the Penobscot, Piscataquis, Sebec, and Pleas- ant rivers, which afford extensive water power. It contains Katalidin mountain, and some other less elevated summits. Organized in 183-^. It has much good land in the neighborhood of Pis- cataquis r. Capital, Dover. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,642, sheep 17,830, swine 4,720; wheat 59,298 bush, produced, rye 2,769, Ind. corn 12,583. buckwheat 987, barley 4,229, oats 57,675, potatoes 445,576, sugar 8,454 pounds ; 10 tores, cap. $15,400 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 9 tanneries, 3 flouring m., 19 grist m., 31 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $34,450. 1 acad. 100 students, 143 sch. 5,578 scholars. Pop. 13,13S. PiscATAQUOG, r., N. H., a branch of the 3Ier- rimac r., whicli it enters at a v. of its own name, on its w. side. Pi.scATAWAV, t., Middlesex co., N. J., 5 n. New Brunswick. Watered by Amherst and Cedar brooks, tributaries of Green brook. The surface is level ; soil, loam, clay, and red shale, and gen- erally well cultivated. It contains several vs. The v. of the same name contains an Episcopal church, 1 store, and about 12 dwellings. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $12,200; 2 tanneries, 5 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,850. 8 sch. 222 scholars. Pop. 2,82S. PiscATAWAY, p-v.. Prince Georre's co., Md., 56 s. w. Annapolis, 16 W. Situated on Piscata way r., a branch of Potomac r. PisEco, lake, Arietta t., Hamilton co., N. Y , is 6 ms. long and 2 wide, abounding with excel- lent trout. Its outlet forms the w. branch of Sacondaga r., a tributary of Hudson r. PiSEco, p-v.. Arietta t., Hamilton co., N. Y. Situated at the n. end of Piseco lake. It con- tains 2 stores, 1 grist in., 2 saw m., 1 machine shop, 15 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. PisGAH, p-o.. Cole CO., Mo., 33 w. n. w. Jeffer- son City, 969 W. Pistol Creek, p-o., Wilkes co., Ga., 94 n. e. Milledgeville, 566 W. PiTCAiRN, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 30 s. PIT 534 PIT Canton, 171 n. n. w. Albany, 470 W. The sur- face is gently uneven ; soil, clay loam, well adapted to grass. Drained by the s. w. branch of Oswegatchie r. It lias 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $500. 2 sch. 42 scholars. Pop. 3%. Pitcher, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., IG w. Norwich, 127 w. s. w. Albany. Tlie surface is hilly ; soil, argillaceous loam. Drained by Os- telie r. and its tributaries. The v. is situated on Ostelic cr., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery, 1 clothier's works, 40 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 4 grist ni., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $8,300. 1 acad. 26 students, 16 sch. 571 scholars. Pop. 1,562. Pitcher Springs, p-v., Pitcher t., Chenango CO., N. Y., 126 w. Albany, 332 W. It contains a store, an academy, about 30 dwellings, and 2 or 3 sulphur springs of some celebrity. Pitch L.\nd!NG, p-v., Hertford co., N. C, 165 K. N. E. Raleigh, 237 W. Situated on the w. side of Piney cr., a branch of Wickocon cr., which flows into Chowan r. Pitt, county, N. C. Situated toward the E. part of the state, and contains 800 sq. ms. Neuse r. runs on its s. e. border. Drained by Tar r. Capital, Greenville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,984, sheep 4,369, swine 31,037; wheat 9,751 bush, produced, rye 2,570, Ind. corn 376,455, oats 6,424, potatoes 73,316, cotton 510,259 pounds, 15 commission houses and 9 stores, cap. $66,080 ; 14 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 6 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. I acad. 30 students, 4 sch. 63 scholars. Pop. whites 6,123, .slaves 5,648, free col'd 30; total, 11,806. Pitt, t., Alleghany co., Pa. Alleghany r. bounds it on the n., and Monongahela r. on the s. and w. The city of Pittsburg lies on its n. w. boundary. It contains the villages of East Liber- ty and Lawrenceville. The surfice is hilly ; soil, loam. Coal is abundant. It has 17 stores, cap. $12,200; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 5 tanneries, 4 glass houses, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, $273,195. 1 acad. 20 students, 10 sch. 961 schol- ars. Pop. 6,002. Pitt, t., Crawford co., O. It contains Little Sandusky v. It has 3 sch. 124 scholars. Pop. 424. Pittm.^ns, p-o., Monroe co., Ga., 62 w. Mil- ledgeville, 684 W. PiTTSBOROUGH, p-v.. Capital of Chatham co., N. C, 34 w. by s. Raleigh, 322 W. Situated on Robinson's cr. It contains a court house, jail, 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist church, an academy, and about 300 inhabitants. Pittsburg, t., Coos co., N. H. Situated in the N. E. extremity of the state. It contains Con- necticut lake, and several head branches of Con- necticut r. Pittsburgh, city, port of entry, and capital of Alleghany co.. Pa., is situated at the confluence of the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers, where they form the Ohio, which is here a quarter of a mile wide. It is in 40° 32' n. lat., and 80° 2' vv. Ion., 230 w. N. w. Baltimore, 297 \v. by n. Phila- delphia, 200 w. N. w. Harrisbnrg, 226 W. Pop. 1810, 4,768; 1820, 7,248; 1830, 12,542; 1840, 21,115, being the second city in population in the state, and the 13lh in the United Slates. It is built on a beautiful plain between the two rivers, in the form of a triangle. About a mile back of the point it is encompassed by Grant's, Ayers's, and Quarry hills. It is compactly built, with .some handsome buildings, generally of brick ; but a dingv appearance is given to them by the dust of the bituminous coal, so extensively used in manufactures and otherwise. The city was first laid out in 1765, on the n. e. bank of the Monongahela, after the plan of Philadelphia, with streets running parallel with the river, and crossed by others at right angles. The streets on the Alleghany also run parallel with the river, and are crossed by streets at right angles ; and the cross streets meet each other obliquely, a few streets back from the r. A bridge crosses the Alleghany, and anotlier the Monongaliela r., the former of which cost $96,000, and the latter $102,000. The Pennsylvania canal crosses the AUegliany r. in an aqueduct, and several ferries cross the Monongahela. The harbor of Pitts- burgh is chiefly on the Monongahela, where the water is deeper than in the Alleghany. There are 89 steamboats, averaging over 125 tons burden, owned wholly or in part in the district of Pitts- burgh. The hills with which Pittsburgh is sur- rounded are filled with bituminous coal, which is inexiianstible, and affords great aid to its manu- factures. There are 35 churches — 5 Presbyterian, 1 Reformed do., 4 Methodist, 1 Protestant do., 1 Cumberland Presbyterian, 3 Baptist, 2 Episcopal, 5 Scots Presbyterian, 2 Lutheran, 2 Congrega- tional, 3 Welsli Methodist, 1 Unitarian, 1 Disci- ples, 3 Roman Catholic, and 1 African. There are four banks, with an aggregate capital of $3,000,000, besides a bank for savings, and 2 in- surance offices, with a total capital of $500,000. Among the public buildings of Pittsburgh, the new Court House, situated on Grant's hill, is a splendid edifice, 165 feet long and 100 feet broad, of Grecian Doric architecture, in a very commanding situation, and cost $200,000. The building of the Western University of Pennsylva- nia is also near Grant's hill, on the Monongahela side of the city. There is a spacious Roman Catholic cathedral on Grant's hill. There are a museum, which contains many aboriginal curios- ities, and several splendid hotels. There are several literary societies, with small libraries, which would probably be more eflicient, if united in one large institution. There are three market houses. The city is supplied with water raised from the Alleghany r., a very pure stream, by steam power, which supplies 1,500,000 gallons daily, and is sent over the city in pipes, in the whole 'Ji miles in length, and is to be further ex- tended, and which cost $183,056. Pittsburgh is alike distinguished for its commerce and manu- factures. Tonnage in 1340, 12,000. It had in 1840, 7 commercial and 32 commission houses, with a cap. of $1,241,110; 408 retail stores, cap $1,165,190; 17 lumber yards, cap. $167,000; 25 furnaces, 5 forges, cap. $1,219,000, value of ma- chinery manutactured $443,500; hardware and cutlery, &c., $276,500 ; 5 cannon and 1,350 small- arms manufactured; precious metals, $14,860; various metals, $196,700; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, cap. $10,000; 2 cotton fac. with 3.000 sp., 4 tanneries, 5 breweries ; paints and drugs, cap. $203,300 ; 4 glass fac, 2 glass cutting estab., 2 flouring m., 5 saw m., 1 oil m., 18 printing offices, 7 binderies, 4 daily, 11 weekly new.spapers ; 53 brick and stone houses, and 15 wooden houses built, cost $161,200. Cap. in manufac. .$2,057,952. 1 college, 50 students, 9 acad. 755 students, 18 sch. 2,531 scholars. There are several places in the vicinity of Pittsburgh, which, though under different organ- ization, should be regarded as suburbs of it, the principal of which is Alleghany Citv, on the N. w. side of the Alleghany r. Here are 15 churches — 2 Presbyterian, "i Reformed do., 2 Cumberland do., 2 Methodist, 1 Protestant do., 1 PIT 535 PIT Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 2 Scots Presbyterian, 1 German Reformed, 1 Disciples. I'he Western Penitentiary of Pennsylvania is located at this place, and has been erected at great expense. The Western Theological Seminary is also es- tablished here. It occupies a commanding emi- nence, which overlooks the surrounding country. The building is 150 feet long, the centre 4 stories, and the wings 3 stories high, and it has a respec- table library. Alleghany city presents many a- greeable residences, where persons who do busi- ness in Pittsburgh arc pleased to retire from the bu.stle and smoke and coal dust of the principal city. It has considerable commercial and manu- facturing business of its own. There were in IS 10, 58 stores, cap. .$33,400; 9 lumber yards, cap. $50,000; 1 furnace, 1 forge, cap. $218,000; value of hardware and cutlery produced, $50,000 ; 3 cot- ton fac. 14,270 sp., 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 rope- walk. Cap. in manufac. $720,640. 1 theological college, 31 students, 3 academies, 169 students, 12 sch. 709 scholars. Pop. 10,089. Birmingham borough, (p o. called Buchan- an,) is another important suburb of Pittsburgh. It is on s. side of the Mononguhela, about a mile distant from the centre of Pittsburgh, and has a considerable population, and important manufac- tures of glass, iron, &c. It has a Presbyterian and a 3Iethodist church, and a market house. It is connected to Pittsburgh by a bridge and a fer- ry. There were in 1840, 10 stores, cap. $14,500; 2 lumber yards, cap. $9,300 ; I forge, 6 glass fac, 4 glass cutting estab., cap. $140,000 ; 1 pottery. Cap. in manufac. $155,750. 4 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. 1,554. The French formerly had a trading post where Pittsburgh stands, denominated Fort L)u Quesne. In an attempt to capture this fortress, Gen. Brad- dock was defeated and slain, on the e. bank of the Monongahela, 9 miles from Pittsburgh, and the youthful Washington displayed his bravery and skill, in conducting back the remain?- of the shattered army. This place came into posses- sion of the British in 1758, by capture from the French ; and by a ibrtification of some strength, the possession was maintained against a power- ful attack by the Indians. The magazine of the fore built in 1764, remained entire until very re- cently. It was not until some time after the close of the revolutionary war that Pittsburgh began much to excite the attention of emigrants, and to commence its onward march toward its present distinguished prosperity. Pittsburg, p-v., Carroll co., la., 68 n. n. w. Indianapolis, 626 W. Pittsburg, p-v., Henry co., Ga., 75 w. n. w. Milledgeville, 679 W. Pittsburg, p-v., Johnson co.. Ark., 91 n. w. Little Rock, 758 W. Situated on the n. bank of Arkansas r. It contains a court house, 2 stores, and 15 or 20 houses. Pittsfield, pt., Somerset co.. Me., 43 n. Au- gusta, 63-i W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Watered by a branch of Sebasticook r. Incorporated in 1819. It has 1 store, cap. $400 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,500. 10 sch. 393 scholars. Pop. 951. Pittsfield, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 70 s. s. w. Montpelier, 464 W. Tlie surface is mountain- ous and rough ; soil, adapted to grazing. Water- ed by Tweed r., which flows into White river. Chartered in 1781. It contains a Congregational and a Methodist church. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,210. 5 sch. 216 scholars. Pop. 615. Pittsfield, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H , 15 n. E. Concord, 4% W. The surface is various ; soil, fertile. Catamount mountain is in its s. E. part, on which is a considerable pond. Watered by Suncook r., which atFords water power. The V. contains an academy, and a number of neat dwellings. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $15,800; 1 cotton fac. 4,0% sp., 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $208,185. 2 acad. 168 students, 11 sch. 461 scholars. Pop. 1,719. Pittsfield, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 131 w. Boston, 376 W. The surfoce is moderately un- even ; sod, a fertile loam. Drained by branches of Housatonic r., which afford good water pow- er. The railroad from Boston to Albany passes through it. Agriculture has been greatly im- proved here. The v. near the centre is one of the largest and best built in the co. The houses are generally of wood, neatly painted white, and ornamented with shrubbery. It lies chiefly on two streets crossing each other at right angles, and has a central square of 4 acres, ornamented by a lofty elm tree in the middle, the remains of the original forest. It contains 4 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — a bank, a printing office, a male and a female academy, 350 dwellings, and 2,500 in- habitants. The Berkshire Medical Institution, located here, was founded in 1823, has 5 profes- sors, 74 students, 473 graduates ; and the lectures commence on the first Thursday in September. It is connected with Williams' College, at Wil- liamstown. There are in the t. 1 cotton fac. 1,500 sp., 3 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $111,200. I acad. 63 students, 15 sch. 696 scholars. Pop. 3,747. Pittsfif.ld, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 18 w. Cooperstown, 95 w. Albany, 352 W. The sur- face is hilly, with fertile valleys ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Unadilla r. and its tributaries It has 2 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 fulling in., 1 cotton fac. 3,500 sp., 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $53,256. 5 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 1,395. Pittsfield, p-o., Warren co.. Pa. Pittsfield, p-t., Lorain co., O., 106 n. n. e. Columbus, 375 W. It has 4 sch. 84 scholars. Pop. 704. Pittsfield, p-t., W.ishtenaw co., Mich., 35 w. Detroit, 522 W. Pop. 1,151. Pittsfield, p-v., capital of Pike co.. 111., 70 w. s. w. Springfield, 850 W. Situated on ele- vated ground, midway between the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. It contains a court house, jail, 5 stores, various mechanic shops, and about 200 inhabitants. PiTTSFORn, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 70 s. w. Montpelier, 464 W. The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, loam with some sand and clay, and fertile, particularly on the streams. Drained by Otter cr. and Furnace r., with its branches, a tributary of Otter cr., which afford water power. Iron ore, a coarse-grained and slightly flexible marble, and oxide of manganese, are found here. The v., near the centre, contains 2 churches, several stores, and about 40 dwellings. The t. contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. It has 4 stores, cap. $12,000; 2 furnaces, 2 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $2,200. 18 sch. 650 scholars. Pop. 1,927. PiTTSFORD, p-t., .Monroe co., N. Y., 6 e. Roch- ester, 213 w. by N. Albany, 362 W. The surface is undulating; soil, calcareous and argillaceous loam. Drained by Irondiquoit cr. and its tril)u- taries. The v. is situated on the Erie canal, and the Auburn and Rochester railroad passes through it. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist PLA 536 PLA church, 4 stores, 2 forwarding houses, 100 dwell- ings, and about 70i) inhabitants. Tlie t. had in 1840, 3 stores, cap. iB33,(!00; 1 tannery, 1 brew- ery, 1 flouring m. Cap. in manufac. $15,400. 13 sch. 593 scholars. Pop. 1,933. PiTTSFORD, p-t., Hillsdale co., Mich., 89 w. s. w. Detroit, 521 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It contains 1 store, cap. $1,800. Pop. 641. PiTTSGRovE, p-t., Salem CO., N. J., 16 e. Salem. The surface is partly undulating and partly level ; soil, chiefly sandy or. gravelly loam. Drained by branches of Alanrice run, and by head wa- ters of Salem and Oldman's creeks. It has sev- eral villages, and contains 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- tist, and 1 3Iethodist church. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $9,820; 1 woollen fac, 5 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,955. 7 sch. 270 scholars. Pop. 2,390. Pitt's Mills, p-o., Armstrong co.. Pa., 74 w. by N. Harrisburg, 165 W. PiTTSTON, p-t., Kennebec co., Me., 7 s. by e. Augusta, 595 W. Situated on the e. side of Ken- nebec r. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Drained by small tributaries of Kennebec r., which afford water power. Incorporated in 1779. Lumber is exported to a considerable ex- tent. It has 9 stores, cap. 18,000; 3 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $75,840. 16 sch. 696 scholars. Pop. 2,460. PiTTSTON Ferry, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa., 136 N. E. Harrisburg, 240 W. PiTTSTowN, p-t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 12 n. E. Troy, 25 n. e. Albany, 393 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, clay, gravel and loam. Drained by Tomhannock cr. and Hoosic r., which bounds it on the n. The v. contains a Baptist church, 2 stores, and about 20 dwellings. It has 10 stores, cap. $24,800 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 cot- ton fac. 2,290 sp., 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 13 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $127,600 ; 20 sch. 857 scholars. Pop. 3,784. PiTTSTOWN, p-v., Alexander t., Hunterdon co., N. J., 33 N. N. w. Trenton, 193 W. Situated on a tributary of the s. branch of Raritan r. It con- tains a store, a grist m., and about 20 dwellings. Pittsylvania, county, Va. Situated in the S. part of the state, and contains 891 sq. ms. Staunton r. runs on its n. border, by branches of which, and by Dan r., and Banister r., it is wa- tered. The soil is generally fertile. Capital, Competition. There were in 1840, neat cattle 19,451, sheep 19,277, swine 42,513 ; wheat 142,178 bush, produced, rye 5,747, Ind. corn 679,319, oats 333,763, potatoes 24,499, tobacco 6,438,777 pounds, cotton 18,499 ; 23 stores, cap. $200,300 ; 13 tan- neries, 4 distilleries, 4 flouring m., .50 grist m., 37 saw m., 1 printing ofllce, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $221,690. 4 acad. 195 students, 38 sch. 817 scholars. Pop. whites 14,283, slaves 11,558, free col'd 557; total, 26,398. Pittsylvania, C. H., p-v., capital of Pittsyl- vania CO., Va., 162 w. s. w. Richmond, 245 W. This place is called also Competition, and is sit- uated on a branch of Banister r. It contains a court house, jail, 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, 125 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. Plain, t.. Stark co., O. It has 800 scholars in schools. Pop. 1,83-1. Plain, p-t., Wayne co., O., 92 n. e. Columbus, 349 W. It contains several villages. Pop. 2,134. Plain, t., Franklin co., O. Situated in thejs. E. corner of the co., and has a level surface. It has 2 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 1,264. Plain, t., St. Francis co.. Ark. Pop. 192. Plain, p-o , Greenville dist., S. C, 95 w. n. w. Columbia, 514 W. Plainfield, p t., Sullivan co., N. H., 62 n. w. Concord, 478 W. Connecticut r. bounds it on the w., along which are excellent tracts of inter- vale. Queechee falls, in Connecticut r., are op- posite this t., and a bridge crosses the r. Hart's Island, in Connecticut r., containing 19 acres, is in this t. It contains " Union Academy," found- ed in 1813, by the bequest of $40,000, which is designed to aid young men in a preparation for the gospel ministry, and is flourishing. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m., I acad. 175 students, 11 sch. 613 scholars. Pop. 1,552. Plainfield, p-t., Washington co., Vt., 9 e. by s. Montpelier, 525 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, generally fertile. Watered by Onion r. and its branch. Great Brook, which afford water power. The v., at the junction of these streams, contains 1 Congregational and 1 Methodist church. It contains a mineral spring of some note. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $5,200; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,450. 4 sch. 133 scholars. Pop. 830. Plainfield, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 115 w. Boston, 402 W. The surface is mountainous and rough ; soil, fertile, adapted to grazing. Wa- tered by the head branches of Westfield r., which afford water power. North pond, a mile long and half a mile wide, in its N. part, has its outlet into Deerfield r. The v., at the centre, contains a Congregational church. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $5,500 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,650. 1 acad., 6 sch. 311 scholars. Pop. 910. Plainfield, p-t., W^indham co., Ct., 45 e. Hartford, 372 W. Bounded on the w. by Quin- nebaug r. Drained by Moosup r., which affords good water power. 'The surface is level; soil, a sandy loam. It contains 4 churches — 1 Con- gregational, 2 Baptist, and 1 Friends. The v., at the centre, is on elevated ground, mostly on one extended street, and contains a Congrega- tional church, and an old and flourishing acade- my, founded in 1783, and a number of neat dwell- ings. The Norwich and Worcester railroad passes through the t., a little w. of the v. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $19,600; 2 woollen fac, 7 cotton fac. 15,900 sp., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 5 saw m., 9 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $364,000. 12 sch. 692 scholars. Pop. 2,383. Plainfield, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 15 n. w. Cooperstown, 84 w. Albany, 373 W. The sur- face is undulating ; soil, sandy and calcareous loam, and very fertile. Drained by Unadilla r. and its tributaries. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $15,890. 12 sch. 491 scholars.^ Pop. 1,450. Plainfield, p-v., Westfield t., Essex co., N. .!., 39 N. e. Trenton, 206 W. Situated on Green brook, and contains 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 2 Friends, (I Ortho- dox and 1 Hicksite,) — 4 stores, several mills and manufactories, an insurance company, a ladies' library, an apprentices' library, and about 150 dwellings. Plainfield, t., Northampton co.. Pa. Blue mountain crosses its n. part, otherwise it is level ; soil, gravel. Drained by the e. branch of Bush- kill cr. It has 4 stores, cap. $13,300; 2 tanner- ies, 3 erist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Can. in manu- fac. $5,500. Pop. 1,501. Plainfield. p-v., Linton t., Coshocton co., O., 81 N. E. Columbus, 329 W. Situated on Wills or., and contains 1 store, and about 100 inhabit- ants. Pl^AiNFiELD, t., Allegan co., Mich. It has 1 PLA 537 PLE furnace, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,500. 3 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 397. Plai.nfield, p-0., Livingslon co., Mich., 71 w. N. w. Detroit, 557 W. Plainfield, p-t., Henilricks co., la., 15 w. s. w. Indianapolis, 58G W. Plainfield, p-v.. Will co.. 111., 173 n. e. Springfield, 750 W. It ha.s 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, cap. $1,0 JO; 1 flour- ing m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,400. 4 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 5-'5. Plain.s of Dura, p-o., Sumpter co., Ga., 113 s. \v. Milledgeville, 769 W. Plainville, p-o., Farmington t., Hartford co., Ct.. 13 w. by s. Hartford, 326 W. 1 LAINVILLE, p-v., Lysander t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 155 w. by n. Albany, 360 W. It contains 1 church, 1 store, and about 'SO dwellings. Plainville, p-o., Exeter t., Luzerne co., Pa., 119 N. E. HarrLsburg, '227 W. Plainville, p-o.. Hamilton co., O., 117 w. s. w. Columbus, -489 W. Plainville, p-o., Allegan co., Mich., 145 w. by N. Detroit, 610 W. Plaisance, p-o., Rapides par.. La., 329 n. w. New Orleans, 1,248 W. Plaistovv, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 37 s. E. Concord, 465 W. The soil is fertile, being a dark loam mixed with clay and gravel. Charter- ed in 174 J. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,000. 1 acad. 24 students, 4 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 626. Planters, t., Phillips co.. Ark. It has 2 grist m., 1 saw m. 1 sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 375. Planters, p-o., .lasper co., Ga., 42 w. n. vv. Milledgeville, 649 W. Planters, p-o., Attala co.. Miss., 80 n. e. Jack- son, 975 W. Planter's Hall, p-o., Breckenridge co., Ky., 122 w. s. w. Frankfort, 664 W. Plantersville, p-v.. Perry co., Ala., 77 s. by E. Tuscaloosa, 824 W. Plaquemine, bayou, an outlet of the Missis- sippi r., 8 ms. below the mouth of the Ibervil le, 117 ms. above New Orleans. 96 below the efflux of Alchafalaya outlet, into which it at length en- ters. The waters of the Mississippi only flow into it when that river approaches its extreme height. In time of high water it is navigable for vessels and steamboats. Plaque.mine, parish. La. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and includes the mouths of the Mississippi proper. It contains about 2,500 sq. ms. The surface is low, and its s. part not being elevated more than 10 feet in its highest parts above the level of the Gulf of 3Iexico, is there- fore liable to submersion. The arable soil, which is extremely productive, is confined wholly to the margin of the r. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,124, sheep 1,832, .swine 824; Ind. corn 100,185 bush, produced, rice 985,800 pounds, sugar 10,329,000; 15 stores, cap. $15,550; 1 dis- tillery, 1 brewery. Cap. in manufoc. $15,000. 1 college, 38 students. Pop. whites 1,551, slaves 3,385, free col'd 324 ; total 5,060. Plaquemine, p-v., capital of Iberville par.. La., 112 w. N. w. New Orleans, 1,192 W. Situated on the .Mississippi r., on the s. side of Plaquemine bayou, at its efflux from the r. It contains a court house, 15 stores, and about 250 inhabitants. Plateau, t., Jefferson co.. Mo. Pop. 504. Plato, p-o., Amherst t., Lorain co., O., 123 N. N. E. Columbus, 3'^1 W. Platte, r., Indian ter., one of the large tribti- taries of the Missouri, rises by 2 branches in ihe Rocky mountains, which unite 400 ms. from their source, and after an easterly course in the whole of about 1,600 ms., joins the Missouri 700 ms. from the Mississippi. Its principal tributaries are the Elkhorn, entering it near its mouth, and the Loup fork, 90 ms. above. It is from 1 to 3 ms. broad, and so shallow, that, excepting in floods, it can be forded in almost any place. It is full of islands covered with cotton-wood, willows, and shrubs, and the shifting sands in its bed, together with the rapidity of the current, efTectually prevent navigation. 1'latte, r.. Little, enters the Missouri from the N., 349 ms. from the Mi.s.sisi^ippi. Platte, county. Mo. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 420 sq. ms. The Missouri r. runs on its w. and s. boundary. Wa- tered by Little Platte r. Capital, Platte City. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,823, sheep 9,339, swine 41,363; wt)eat8,616 bush, produced, Ind. corn 456,451, oats 7,117, potatoes 28,548, to- bacco 19,589 pounds ; 25 stores, cap. $131,350 ; 4 distilleries, 1 pottery, 9 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,3.50. Pop. whites 8,049. slaves 858, free col'd 6 ; total, 8,913. Platte City, p-v., capital of Platte co.. Mo. Situated on the w. side of Little Platte r. It con- tains a court house, and about 250 inhabitants. Plattekill, p-t., IHster co., N. Y., 20 s. King- ston, 85 s. s. w. Albany, 295 W. The surface is undulating and hilly ; soil, clay and gravelly loam. Drained by Old Plan's Kill, and by tribu- taries of Wallkill r. The v. contains 2 churches, 2 stores, and about 20 dwellings. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $10,000; 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,575. 7 sch. 450 scholars. Pop. 2,125. Platteville, p-v., Grant CO., Wis., 78 w. s. w. Madison, 910 W. Platt.sburg, p-t., capital of Clinton co., N. Y., 163 N. Albany, 53-i \V. The surface is level on the E., hilly and broken on the w. The soil is various, chiefly clay or sandy loam. Watered by Saranac r. The v. is situated on both sides of Saranac r., at its entrance into Cumberland bay, an indentation of Lake Champlain. Incor- porated in 1815. It contains a court house, jail, county clerk's ofllce, 4 churches— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 3Iethodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — a bank, lyceum, an academy, 30 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 cotton fac, 3 woollen fac, 2 saw m., 2 marble m., 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 ma- chine shop, 2 printing olfices, 350 dwellings, and about 2,600 inhabitants. The Saranac has here a succession of falls, about 40 feet total descent, which affords extensive water power. It contains a United States military post a little s. of the v. Here a brave defence was made against 14,000 of the best British troops, under Sir George Pro- vost, September 11, 1814, and at the same time the British fleet was captured by Commodore McDonough, in the bay before the v. There are in the t. 4b stores, cap. $18^,130; 4 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 12,000 sp., 1 furnace, 4 forges, 5 tanneries, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 25 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $126,255. 2 acad. Ill students, 19 sch. 646 scholars. Pop. 6,416. Plat psburg, p-v., capital of Clinton co.. Mo., 180 w. N. w. Jeff(3rson City, 1,092 W. Situated on the w. side of Smith's Ibrk of Little Platte r. It contains a court house, jail, 5 stores, and about 300 inhabitants. Pleasant, t., Warren co.. Pa. It has 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,500. 3 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 190. Pleasant, t., Hardin co., O. It has 3 stores, cap. $12,000; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m Cap. in manufac. $2,200. Pop. 569. PLE 538 PLE Pleasant, t., Franklin co., O. Watered by Big and Little Darby creeks, which afford water power. It has 2 sch. 40 scliolars. Pop. 807. Pleasant, t., Knox co., O. Watered by Ver- non r. It contains Gainbier v., in which Kenyon college is situated. It has 6 sch. 255 scliolars. Pop. 888. Pleasant, t., Putnam co., O. Pop. 328. Pleasant, t., Seneca co., O. Pop. 974. Pleasant, t., Van Wert co., O. Pop. 192. Pleasant, t., Fairfield co., O. Pop. 2,030. Pleasant, t., Madison co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000. 7 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 936. Pleasant, t., Clark co., O. It has 7 sch. 373 scholars. Pop. 1,091. Pleasant, t.. Brown co., O. It contains George- town v., the capital of the co. It has 2 sch. 96 scholars. Pop. 1,970. Pleasant, t., Grant co., la. Pop. 420. Pleasant, t., Hancock co., O. It has 4 sch. 98 scholars. Pop. 252. Pleasant, p-t., Switzerland co., la., 82 s. e. Indianapolis, 549 W. Pop. 1,662. Pleasant, t., Wabash co., la. Pop. 531. Pleasant Dale, p-o., Hardin co., 0.,68 n. w. Columbus, 439 W. Pleasant E.ychange, p-o., Henderson co., Tenn., 108 w. s. w. Nashville, 792 W. Pleasant Flat, p-o., Mason co., Va., 35S w. N. w. Richmond, 372 W. Pleasant Fountain, p-o., 3Ionroe co.,0., 139 E. Columbus, 276 W. Pleasant Gap, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 174 w. s. w. Richmond, 261 W. Pleasant Gap, p-o.. Bates co.. Mo., 133 s. w. Jefferson City, 1,062 W. Pleasant Garden, p-o., Burke co., N. C, 222 w. Raleigh, 452 W. Pleasant Grove, p-v., Washington t., Morris CO., N. J., 40 N. Trenton, 215 W. Situated on Schooley's Mountain. It contains a Presbyterian church, 1 store, and a number of dwellings. Pleasant Grove, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa., 60 E. by s. Harrisburg, 89 W. Pleasant Grove, p-o., Lunenburg co., Va., 88 s. w. Richmond, 190 W. Pleasant Grove, p-o.. Orange co., N. C, 64 N. w. Raleigh, 296 W. Pleasant Grove, p-o., Greenville dist., S. C, 116 w. n. w. Columbia, 489 W. Pleasant Grove, p-o., Pickens co., Ala., 28 W. Tuscaloosa, 846 W. Pleasant Grove, p-o., Maury co., Tenn., 66 s. s. w. Nashville, 726 W. Pleasant Grove, p-o., Ohio co.. Ivy., 156 w. s. vv. Frankfort, 693 W. Pleasant Grove, p-o., Jefferson co., Iowa. Pleasant Grove, p-o., Washington co.. 111., 126 s. by E. Springfield, 801 W. Pleasant Hill, p-o., Newcastle co., Del., 54 N. Dover, 117 W. Pleasant Hill, p-o., Charles co., Md., 66 s. w. Annapolis, 26 W. Pleasant Hill, p-o., Smyth co., Va., 264 w. by s. Richmond, 302 W. Pleasant Hill, p-o., Miami co., O., 84 w. Columbus, 476 W. Pleasant Hill, p-o., Northampton co., N. C, 101 N. e. Raleigh, 108 W. Pleasant Hill, p-o., Lancaster dist., S. C, 61 N. n. e. Columbia, 445 W. Pleasant Hill, p-o., Talbot co., Ga., 92 w. s. w. Milledgeville, 714 W. Pleasant Hill, p-o., Dallas co., Ala., 106 s. by E. Tuscaloosa, 867 W. Pleasant Hill, p-o., Davidson co., Tenn., 7 s. Nashville, 686 W. Pleasant Hill, p-o., Franklin co.. Ark., 133 w. N. w. Little Rock, 1,198 W. Pleasant Hill, p-o., Montgomery co., la., 5S w. N. w. Indianapolis, 629 W. Pleasant Hill, p-o., Van Buren co.. Mo., 135 w. Jefferson City, 1,061 W. Pleasant Hill, p-o., Pike co., 111., 83 w. s. w. Springfield, 863 W. Pleasant Island, p-o.. Independence co., Ark., 112 N. N. E. Little Rock, 1,014 W. Pleasant Lake, N. Y. Situated in Lake Pleasant t., Hamilton co., is 3 ms. long, and from 1 to H wide, and affords fine fish. Pleasant Mills, p-o., Galloway t., Atlantic CO., N. J., 67 s. Trenton, 177 W. It contains 2 stores, a cotton fac. 3,000 sp., a glass fac, and about 30 dwellings. Pleasant Mount, p-o., Wayne co.. Pa., 179 N. E. Harrisburg, 273 W. Pleasant Park, p-o., Carroll co.. Mo., 112 n. w. Jefferson City, 1,000 W. Pleasant Plains, p-o., Clinton t., Dutchess CO., N. Y., 67 s. Albany, 312 W. Pleasant Plains, p-o., Marengo co., Ala., 86 s. by w. Tuscaloosa, 898 W. Pleasant Plains, p-o., Scott co.. Mo., 240 s. E. Jefferson City, 880 W. Pleasant Prairie, p-o., Racine co.. Wis., 106 E. s. e. Madison, 773 W. Pleasant Prairie, po., Greene co., Mo., 137 s. s. w. Jefferson city, 1,052 W. Pleasant Ridge, p-o., Hamilton co., C, 112 w. s. w. Columbus, 485 W. Pleasant Ridge, p-o., Clinton co., 111. Pleasant Ridge, p-o., Greene co., Ala., 42 s. w. Tuscaloosa, 860 W. Ple.\sant Ridge, p-o.. Bracken co., Ky., 66 N. E. Frankfort, 496 W. Pleasant Shade, p-o.. Smith co., Tenn., 57 E. by N. Nashville, 643 W. Pleasant Spring, p-o., Kemper co.. Miss., 105 E. N. E. Jackson, 909 W. Pleasant Unity, p-v., Unity t., Westmore- land CO., Pa., 164 w. Harrisburg, 190 W. Situ- ated on the s. side of Big Sewickly cr., and con- tains 3 stores and about 25 dwellings. Ple.\sant Vale, p-v., Pike co.. 111., 90 w. s. w. Springfield, 873 W. Pleasant Valley, p-v., Litchfield co., Ct.,22 w. Hartford, 346 W. Pleasant Valley, p-t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 7 N. E. Poughkeepsie, 79 s.' Albany, 306 W. The surface is diversified ; soil, clay, sandy and grav- elly loam, and well cultivated. Drained by Wappinger's cr. Tlie v. is situated on the creek, and contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Meth- odist, and 1 Friends. There are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $19,400; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cot- ton fac. 2,956 sp., 4 flouring ra., 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $93,290. 5 sch. 202 schol- ars. Pop. 2,219. Pleasant Valley, p-v., Springfield t., Bucks CO., Pa., 103 E. Harrisburg, 182 W. Pleasant Valley, po., Livingston co., Mich Pleasant Valley, p-o., Fairfax co., Va., 131 N. by E. Richmond, 31 W. Pleasant Valley, p-o., Lancaster dist., S. C, 94 N. N. E. Columbia, 412 W. Pleasant Valley, p-o., Murray co., Ga., 191 N. w. Milledgeville, 599 W. Pleasant Valley, p-o., Washington co., Ala., 156 s. s. w. Tuscaloosa, 963 W. Pleasant Valley, p-o., Wayne co., Tenn., 119 s. w. Nashville, 796 W. Pleasant Valley, po., Jo-Da viess co., Ill Pleasant Valley, p-o., Scott co., Iowa. Pleasant View, p o., Shelby co., la. PLY 539 PLY Pleasant View, p-o., Darlington dist., S. C, 95 E. N. E. Columbia, 467 W. Pleasant View, p-o., Greene co., Aik. Ple^santvii-le, p-v., Mount Pleasant t.,West- chester cc, N. Y., 122 s. Albany, 264 W. It con- tains 1 church, 2 stores, and about 15 dwelhngs. Pleasantville, p-v., Montgomery t., Mont- gomery CO., Pa., 105 E. Harrisburg, 163 W. Pleasantville, p-v., Rockingham co., N. C, 112 N. w. Raleigh, 300 W. Pleasantville, p-v., Hickman co., Tenn., /3 w. s. w. Nashville, 757 W. Pleasantville, p-v., Pleasant t., Fairfield co., O., 39 s. e. Columbus, 375 W. It contains 1 store, 20 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. Pleasureville, p-v., Henry co., Ky., 19 N. w. Frankfort, 561 W. Plessis, p-v., Alexandria t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 189 N. \v. Albany, 441 W. It contains 1 church, 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 saw ni., and 1 tannery. Plowden's Mills, p-o., Sumpter dist., S. C, 66 E. s. E. Columbia, 502 W. Pluckemin, p-v., Bedminster t., Somerset co., N. J., 37 N. Trenton, 212 W. It contains 2 stores and about 30 dwellings. Plum, t., Venango co., Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,245. 5 sch. 144 scholars. Pop. 1,174. Plumb, t., Alleghany co., Pa., 14 e. Pittsburgh. Bounded n. by "Alleghany r. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Watered by Plumb and Tur- tle creeks, and Thompson's run. It has 1 acad. 40 students, 4 sch. 156 scholars. Pop. 1,953. Plumb Brook, p-o., Macomb co., Mich., 25 n. N. E. Detroit, 55U W. Plumb Creek, t., Armstrong co.. Pa. It has 5 stores, cap. $15,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 7 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $11,085. 17 sch. 1,618 scholars. Pop. 2,216. Plu.mb Creek, p-o., Indiana co.. Pa., 172 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 225 W. Plum Creek, p-o., Morgan co., 111., 55 w. s. w. Springfield, 835 W. Plum Island, Southold t., Suffolk co., N. Y. Situated 1 mile e. of Oyster Pond point, on Long Island, from which it is separated by Plum Island Gut. It has a light-house on its w. end. It is 3 ms. long and 1 wide. The surface is very stony, and it has no wood, excepting in a small pine swamp. Plumer, p-o., Venango co.. Pa., 223 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 297 W. Plu.mstead, p-t., Bucks co., Pa., 30 n. Phila- delphia, 106 e. Harrisburg, 168 W. The surface is liilly ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Tohickon and JNeshaminy creeks. It has 8 stores, capital $13,900 ; 1 pottery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 oil m. Pop. 1,873. Plunkets Creek, t., Lycoming co., Pa. It has 1 grist ra., 13 sawm. Cap. in manufactures $5,200. 3 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 277. Plymouth, county, Mass. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, and contains aboi t 600 sq. ms. It is bounded n. and e. by .'^lassachusetts bay. The soil generally is moderately produc- tive, but there is considerable ferule land. Wa- tered by INorth r. and branches of Taunton r. Iron ore abounds, and is extensively wrought. Cap., Plymoutli. There were in 1840, neat rattle 14,663, sheep 12,293, swine 9,779 ; wheat 10,765 bushels produced, rye 25,505, Ind. corn 125,999, barley 5,831, oats 39,100, potatoes 392,802 ; 9 commercial houses m for. trade, cap. $235,500; 230 stores, cap $403,650 ; 7 lumber yards, cap. $18,000. Cap. invested in fisheries, $775,950 forges ; value of hardware, cutlery, &c., manu- factured, $1,079,603 ; 1 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 14 cotton fac. 47,994 sp., 14 tanneries, 7 rope fac, I pottery, 60 grist m., 103 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 paper fac, 4 printing olHees, 4 weekly newspa- pers. Cap. in manufac $1,657,265. 12 acad. 699 students, 258 sch. 11,541 scholars. Pop. 47,373. Plymouth, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 59 n. e. AugiLsta, 651 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Watered by a branch of Sebasticook r. Incorporated in 1826. It has 2 stores, cap. $600; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $6,6Y0. 6 sch. 370 scholars. Pop. 843. Plymouth, p-t., semi-capital of Grafton co., N. H., 40 N. Concord, 521 W. Tiie surface is chiefly uneven and mountainous ; soil, tolerably fertile, particularly .=o along the streams. Pe- migewasset r. runs on its e. border. Watered by Baker's r. The v. contains a court house. Con- gregational church, an academy, and a number of neat dwellings. It has 6 stores, cap. $2,000; 3 tanneries, 3 potteries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,479. 1 acad. 66 students, 12 sch. 430 scholars. Pop. 1,281. Plymouth, pt., Wuidsor co., Vt., 73 s. Mont- pelier, 475 W. The surface is mountainous and broken ; soil, adapied to grazing. Drained by Black r., which affords water power, and branch- es of Queechee r. Limestone and steatite or soapstone are extensively found here. There are 2 considerable caves, which when first dis- covered contained numerous stalactites. The t. contains a Congregational, Methodist, and Christ- ian church. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 tan- nery, 3 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac $18,045. 16 sch. 477 scholars. Pop. 1,417. Plymouth, p-t., seaport and capital of Ply- mouth CO., Mass., 38 s. e. Boston, 447 W. The soil near the coast is generally good ; the rest is bar- ren, and still remains a forest, mostly pine, with some oak. The t. is of great extent, and contains a large number of ponds. The village is plea- santly situated and well built, chiefly of wood. It contains a court house, jail, 6 churches— 2 Con- gregational, 1 Unitarian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Universalist— 2 banks, an insurance co., and Pilgrim Hall. The harbor is spacious, but shallow, and about 45 vessels are employed in the cod and mackerel fisheries, and others are employed in the West India and European trade. This is the oldest t. in New England, and was settled on December 22d, 1620, by 101 emigrants, who lieu from religious persecution in England, first to Holland, and then to New England. The rock on which they landed was conveyed in 1774 'o the centre of the t. Tiie anniversary of the landing is celebrated annually ; and for the ac- commodation of the Pilgrim Society, Pilgrim Hall, a neat building, has been erected. There are in the t. 46 stores, cap. $76,000 ; 5 commercial houses, cap. $133,000 ; 4 cotton fac. 40,004 sp., 1 tannery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspa- pers, 4 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $265,400. 2 acad. 123 students, 41 sch. 1,378 scholars. Pop. 5,281. Plymouth, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct.,23 w. Hart- ford, 339 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, gra- velly loam, adapted to grazing. Drained by Naugatuc r., vvhicli affords good water power. The v., at the centre, contains 1 Congregational and 1 Episcopal church, several stores and me- chanic shops, and about 30 dwellings. This t. is celebrated for its manufacture of clocks. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $32,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 2,650 sp., 2 fur- naces, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in salt' nro'duced, 14,940 bushels; 11 furnaces, 16imanuf. $81,4W>. 13 sch. 506 scholars. Pop. 2,205 POC 540 POI Plymouth, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 7 n. w. Norwich, I'iU w. Albany, 344 W. The surface is undulatinfr ; soil, a fertile argillaceous loam. Drained by Canasavvacta cr. It has 1 store, cap. fi2,i!)0!) ; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 8 siivv m. Cap. in manufac. $3,300. ly sch. 511 scholars. Pop. 1,625. PLyMOUTH, p-t., Luzerne co.. Pa., 124 n. k. Harrisburg, 228 W. The surface is generally mountainous, but admits of cultivation. A part of it lies in the valley of Wyoming, and is very fertile. Drained by Harvey's and Toby's creeks. Coal is abundant. It has 5 stores, cap. $24,000 ; 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,150. 6 sell. 282 scholars. Pop. 1,765. Plymouth, t., Montgomery co.. Pa., 14 n. n. w. Philadelpliia. The surface is rolling; soil, calcareous loam. It abounds with liinc-stone and marble. It is inhabited chietly by Friends, who have a church near is e. bo\uidary, where are about 15 dwellings and a female boarding school. It has 3 stores, cap. $8,500 ; 1 grist m., i saw m. Cap. in manufac. $67,425. 5 sch. 315 scholars. Pop. 1,417. Plymouth, p-v., capital of Washington co., N. C, 162 E. Raleigh, 2s6 W. Situated on the s. side of Roanoke r., 8 miles from its entrance into Albemarle sound. It contains a court house, jail, 1 church, and 778 inhabitants. Plymouth, t., Ashtabula co., O. It has 2 sch. 78 scholars. Pop. 705. Plymouth, p-v., capital of Marshall co., la., 115 N. Indianapolis, 6!J4 W. It contains a court house, jail, and a number of dwellings. Plymouth, p-v., Hancock co., 111., 92 w. n. w. Springfield, 870 W. Ply.mouth, p-t., Richland co., O., 77 n. n. e. Columbus, 389 W. Pop. 1,934. Plymouth, p-t., Wayne co., Mich., 25 s. w. Detroit, 529 W. Drained by head branches of west branch of Rouge r. The v. is situated on the w. branch of Rouge r., and contains a Pres- byterian church and 6 stores. The t. has 9 stores, cap. $24,000 ; 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 6 flouring m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $62,800. 12 sch. 546 scholars. Pop. 2,163. PlYxMouth, p-v., Lowndes co.,Miss., 147 n. e. Jackson, 890 W. Plymouth Hollow, p-v., Plymouth t., Litch- field CO., Ct., 25 w. Hartford, 337 W. It con- tains 1 cotton fac, 2 clock fac, and a number of dwellings. Plymi'ton, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 41 s. e. Boston, 43J VV. 'Watered by a branch of Taun- ton r. Incorporated in 1707. It contains 1 Con- gregational and 1 Universalist church. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manuf. $6i,30O. 7 sch. 226 scholars. Pop. 834. Poc.vhontas, county, Va. Situated a little n. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 710 sq. ms. The AUegliany mountains run on its s. e. border. Drained by Greenbrier r. The surface is elevated and very much broken; soil, sterile. Capital, Huntersville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,731, sheep 10,256, swine 4,944; wheat 17,846 bushels produced, rye 21,083, Indian corn 41,389, buckwheat 4,63S, oat.s 50,111, potatoes 21,040; 3 stores, cap. $12,500; 1 fulling m., 5 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 22 grist m., 22 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $28,451. 6 sch. 133 schol- ars. Pop. whites 2,684, slaves 219, free col'd 19; total, 2,922. Poc.\hontas, p-v., capital of Randolph co., Ark., 152 N. N. e. Little Rock, 1,009 W. Situated on the ;<,-. side of Big Black r., and contains a court house, jail, and a few dwellings. PocAssET, p-v., Barnstable co., JMass., 63 s. e. Boston, 464 W. PocKE r, p-o., Moore co., N. C, 51 s. w. Ra- leigh, 339 W. PocoMOKE, bay and r., Md. The river rises in Cypress swamp, on the line hetw een Del. and Md., and proceeds in a southwesterly direction, about 70 miles, to Pocomoke bay, a branch of Chesapeake bay. The river is navigable for vessels to Snowhill. PocoNA , t., Monroe co., Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,000. 8 sch. Population 973. PocoTALico, r , Va., Kanawha co., flows s. w. about 60 miles into the Great Kanawha river., about 40 miles from its mouth. It is navigable for boats, in high water, 20 or 3i) miles. Bitumi- nous coal and iron ore are found near its bor- ders. PocoTALico, p-o., Kanawha co., Va., 321 w. N. w. Richmond, 35S W. Situated on Pocotalico river. Pocotalico, p-v., Beaufort dist., S. C, 125 s. Columbia, 614 W. Situated on the s. w. side of Combahee r. Poe.stenkill, r., N. Y., rises in Rensselaer co., and flows w. into Hudson r., at Troy, and affords good water power. It has falls on the side of Mount Ida, Troy, where is a small manufac- turing v. PoESTENKiLL, p-v.. Sand Lake t., Rensselaer CO., N. Y., 13 E. Albany, 333 W. It contains 1 Lutheran and 1 Dutch Reformed church, 2 stores, 2 fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 20 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. PoiNDE.XTEii, p-o., Marion co., Ga. Poindexter's Store, p-o., Louisa co., Va., 59 N. VV. Richmond, 13S W. Poinsett, county, Ark. Situated in the n. E. partof the state, and contains 1,350 sq. miles. The St. Francis r. bounds it on the e. Drained by a branch of St. Francis r., St. Francis Bayou, and Laguille r. Capital, Bolivar. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,681, sheep 344, swine 3,749 ; w heat 2,385 bushels produced, Ind. corn 37,623, potatoes 3,113, tobacco 1,870 pounds, cot- ton 22,729 ; 3 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 12 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,900. 4 sch. 76 scholars. Pop wlutes 1,253, slaves 67; total, 1,320. Poinsett, p-o., Franklin co., Ga., 120 n. Mil- ledgeville, 594 W. Poinsett, p-o., Hamilton co., la. Point Co.mmercial, p-o., Greene co., la. Situated at the junction of Eel cr. and White r., and contains 1 store, 1 steam m., and a few dwellings. Point, t., Northumberland co., Pa. It has 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. hi manufac. $8,565. 3 sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 746. Point Coupee, parish, La. Situated s. e. of the centre of the state, between the Mississippi on the N. E., and the Atchafalaya on the w. Drained by Perdouche Bayou. It has False r., probably a ibrmer bed of the Mississippi, in its E. part. The surface is level and low, and most of it liable to submersion. The soil, where capable of cultivation, is very fertile. Capital, Point Coupee. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,983, sheep 5,211, swine 3,000; Ind. corn 93,500 bush, produced, poiatoes 3,985, cotton 6,294,726 pounds, sugar 41 1,000 ; 26 stores, cap. $145,000 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,000. 1 college 51 students, 5 sch. 83 scholars. Pop. whites 2,087, slaves 5,430, free col'd 381 ; total, 7,898. Point Cqupee, p-v., capital of Point Coupee POL 541 roM par., La., 140 w. n. w. New Orleans, 1,171 VV. Situated on the s. side of the Mi.-vsissippi, opposite St. PVancisville, and contains a court house and jail. Here commences the levee or embank- ment along the r., which extends to New Orleans. Its inhabitants are chiefly ot' French descent. Point of Rocks, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 92 N. w. Annapolis, 60 W. Poi.NT PKNi.N'stJL.i, p-c, Brownsville t., JefTer- son CO., N. Y. Point Pleas.wt, p-o., Monmouth co., N. J., 53 E. Trenton, 21"J W. Poi.NT Pi.E.\sANT, p-v., Tinicum t, Bucks co.. Pa., 1 19 E. Harrisburg, 181 W. Situated on Del- aware r., and contains 1 store, and about 10 or 12 dwellings. Point Ple.^lSANT, p-v., capital of Mason co., Va., 370 w. N. w. Richmond, 361 W. Situated on the E. side of Ohio r., at the mouth of Great Kanawha r. It contains a court house, jail, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Poi.'>jT Pleasant, p-v., Monroe t., Clermont co., O , 120 s. w. Columbus, 495 W. Situated on the N. bank of Ohio r., and contains 2 stores, about 30 dwellings, and 180 inhabitants. Point Ple.^sant, p-o., Tippecanoe co., la., 73 N. w. Indianapolis, 631 W. Point Pleasant, p-o., Scott co., Iowa. Point Pleasant, p o., Wachita par., La., 33 N. w. New Orleans, 1,220 W. Point Prairie, p-o., Franklin co., Ark., 130 w. N. w. Little Rock, 1,195 W. Point Republic, p-o.. La Salle co.. 111., 116 N. N. E. Sprmgfield, 790 W. Point Re.move, p-t., Conway co., Ark., 51 n. w. Little Rock, 1,116 W. Pop. 295. PoKAGON, t., Cass CO., Mich. It has 1 tan- nery, 1 grist m., 2 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. §4,400. 5 sch. 162 scholars. Pop. 516. Poke Run, p o., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 185 w. Harrisburg, 210 W. Poland, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 51 s. w. Augusta, 574 W. Bounded n. by Little Andros- coggin r., issuing from a large pond on its w. border. Incorporated in 17;)5. The soil is fer- tile, adapted to grain. Its streams afTord water power. It contains a small v. of Shakers, who possess 600 acres of finely cultivated land. It has 5 stores, cap. $3,750 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. !$1,600 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $10,707. 24 sch. 1,052 scholars. Pop. 2,360. Poland, p-v., Russia t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 89 N. w. Albany, 406 W. Situated on West Canada cr., and contains 1 store, 2 cotton fac, 1 flouring m., 2 trip-hainmer works and edge tool fac, 30 dvvellings, and about 250 inhabitants. Poland, t., Chaulauque co., N. Y., 22 s. E. Mayville, 317 w. by s. Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, sandy and gravelly loam. Drained by Connewango cr. and Chaulauque outlet. It has 2 stores, cap. iiij5,500; 7 tanneries, 1 grist ra., 15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $50,809. 10 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. l,0-i7. Poland, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 73 n. e. Co- lumbus, 284 W. Drained by Mahoning r., which affords water power. Pop. 1,583. Poland Centre, po., Poland t., Chaulauque CO., N. Y. Polk, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 330 sq. ms. Hiwassee r. runs on its n. boundary, by branches of wliich it is drained. The surface is mountainous. Capi- tal, Bentonville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,541, sheep 1,799, swine 10,899 ; wheat 8,710 bush, produced, Ind. corn 220,224, oats 24,489, potatoes 5,362, tobacco 3,620 lbs., cotton 14,883, sugar 1,060 ; 7 stores, cap. $22,000 : I tannery, 4 distilleries. 6 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $4,410. 2 sch. 3-i scholars. Pop. whites 3,249, slaves 304, iree cnl'd 17 ; total, 3.570. Polk, county. iMo. Situated s. w. of the cen- tre of state, and contains 760 ^q. ms. Drained by Pomme de Terre, and Sac and Niangua rivers, which atTord water power. Capital, Bolivar. There were in 1810, neat cattle 11,402, sheep 6,411, swine 30,515; wheat 12,143 bush, pro- duced, Ind. corn 3.>2,830, oats 19,042, potatoes 17,902, tobacco 25,650 pounds, cotton 29,823; 14 stores, cap. $42,080 ; 2 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 10 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$13,540. 5 sch. 93 scholars. Pop. whites 7,978, slaves 462, free col'd 9; total. 8,449. Pollock'.s, p o., Randolph co., 111., 131 s. Springfield, 841 W. Pollopsville, p-v., Jones co., N. C. Poslky's Mills, p-o., Monongalia co., Va.,278 N. w. Richmond, 211 W. Pomaria, p-o., Newberry dist., S. C, 26 w. n. w. Columbia, 507 W. Po.merov, p-v., Meigs co., O., 101 s. e. Colum- bus, 340 W. Pomfret, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 49 s. Mont- pelier, 490 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, generally fertile. Queechee r. passes through its s. E., and White r. through its n. w. corner, by small branches of which it is drained. It has a Congregational, a Baptist, and a Methodist church. There are in the t. 2 stores, capital §35,000 ; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 saw m., 31 sch. 610 scholars. Population 1,774. Pomfret, p-t., Windham co., Ct., 41 e. Hart- ford, 377 W. The surface is pleasantly diversi- fied ; soil, deep, strong, and fertile, adapted to grazing. Quinnebaug r. runs on its e. border, by branches of which it is drained. It contains 5 churches — 2 Congregational, 1 Baptist, 1 Episco- pal, and 1 Friends. It has 7 stores, cap. §29,300; 3 cotton fac. 3,550 sp., 2 tanneries, 5 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $113,575. 1 acad. 35 students, 11 sch. 49S scholars. Pop. 1,^^68. Po.mfret Landing, p-o., Pomfret t., Windham CO., Ct., 43 E. Hartlbrd, 376 W. Po.mfret, t., Chaulauque co., N. Y., 12 n. e. 3Iayville, 315 w. Albany. Lake Erie Ijounds it on the n. The surface is hilly ; soil, a fertile ar- gillaceous, gravelly, and sandy loam. Drained by Cassadaga cr., flowing s. into Alleghany r., and small streams flowing n. into Lake Erie. It contains Dunkirk v., where the New York and Erie railroad is to terminate. It contains also Van Buren harbor. There are in the t. 5 com- mission houses, cap. $5,000 ; 28 stores, capital 995,000 ; 4 fulling ni., 1 woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 periodical, 1 ilouring m., 4 grist m., 15 saw m., 1 oil ni. Cap. in manufac. $152,251. 1 acad. 250 students, 27 sch. 1,411 scholars. Pop. 4,566. Po.M.ME de Terre, r., Mo., rises in Greene co. and flows .\. into Osage r. Po.v.ME DE Terre, p-o., .Tasper co., 3Io., 172 s. w. JefTerson City, 1,121 W. Po.MONKEV, p-o., Charles co., Md., 67 s. w. Annapolis, 27 W. Po.MPEV, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 14 s. E. Syracuse, 125 w. by n. Albany, 337 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, a fertile sandy and clay loam. Draiiied by Limestone cr. and Toughnio- ga r. It has 10 stores, cap. $54,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $43,150. 1 acad. 127 students, 28 sch. 1,350 scholars. Pop. 4,371. POO 542 POP PoMPEY Centre, po., Pompey t., Onondaga CO., N. v., 113 w. by n. Albany, 3l7 W. Pompey Hill, v., Pompey t., Onondaga co., N. Y. It is on elevated ground, and contains 2 churches, an academy, 5 stores, 75 dwellings, and about 450 inhabitants. PoMPTON', r., N. J., is formed by the junction of Pequannock, lUngwood, and Ramapo rivers, and dividing Passaic from Morris county, it (lows 8 ms. into the Passaic. The Morris canal crosses it, 2 ms. above its mouth, in a wooden aqueduct, 23G feet long, on 9 stone piers. PoMPTOX, p-v., Peqnannoc t., Morris co., N. J., 84 N. e. Trenton, "iSJ W. It contains a Dutch Reformed church, a store, 4 grist m., a furnace, and about 25 dwellings. PoMFTON, t., Passaic co., N. J., 23 \. w. Hack- ensack. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, clay and loam. Drained by Ringwood r. It has several ponds. Iron ore is found. The v. contains a Dutch Reformed church, 3 stores, an academy, and about 35 dwellings. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. §3,000 ; 1 furnace, 8 forges, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,255. 5 sch. 186 scholars. Pop. 1,437. Pond Creeiv, p-o., 3Ionroe co., Tenn., 166 e. s. e. Nashville, 53D W. PoN'DsviLLE, p o., Moriah t., Essex co., N. Y., 107 .\. Albany, 482 W. Po\DTOW.\', p-o., Sumpter co., Ga., 102 s. w. Milledgeville, 758 \V. Po.\TCH.\RTR.\t.v, lake. La., 40 ms. long and 25 ms. broad — communicates with Lake 3Iaure- pas on the w., with Lake Borgne, through the Rigolets, on the e., and with Xew Orleans, on the s., through St. John's bayou and a canal. It is 16 or 18 feet deep in its deepest parts, but near the shore not more than 9 feet. It receives sev- eral considerable rivers on its \. side, the largest of which are Tangipaha and Tchefuncte. Pontotoc, county. Miss. Situated toward the N. E. part of the state, and contains 900 sq. ms. Drained by Tallahatchee r. and its branches, and by branches of the w. fork of Tombigbee r. Cap- ital, Pontotoc. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,203, sheep 9^2, swine 12,365; wheat S,7S3 busli produced, Ind. corn 167,845, oats 8,140, potatoes 4,130, cotton 145,953; 7 stores, cap. 823,900 ; 2 tanneries, 10 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $23,646. 1 acad. 30 students, 3 sch. 86 scholars. Pop. whites 2,895, slaves 1,593, free col'd 3; total 4,491. Pontotoc, p-v., capital of Pontotoc co.. Miss., 175 N. N. e. Jackson, 8HS W. It contains a court house, jail, a United States land office, and about 500 inhabitants. P0NTI.4.C, p-t., capital of Oakland co., Mich., 25 N. w. Detroit, 54y W. The v. is situated on Clinton r. It contains a court house, jail, a branch of the University, a Congregational church, a bank, 13 stores, 2 flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 fulling m., 1 iron foundry, 2 printing offices, each issuing a weekly newspaper, and about 1,000 inhabitants. A railroad connects it with Detroit. The t. has IS stores, cap. $51,200; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 9 sch. 456 scholars. Population 1,904. PoNTiAC, p-v., capital of Livingston co., 111., 110 N. N. E. Springfield, 737 W. It contains a court house, jail, and several dwellings. PooLviLLE, p-v., Hamilton t., 3Iadison co., N. Y., 95 w. by n. Albany, 355 W. It contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 1 leather fac, 30 dwellings, and about 250 inhabi- tants. PocLsviLLE, p-v., Montgomery co., Md., 73 w. N. w. Annapolis, 33 W. Pooi.sviLLE, p-v., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 107 n. w. Columbia, 4S0 W. PooLsviLLE, p v., De Kalb co., Ga., 91 n. w Milledgeville, 6-!6 W. _ PooLsvii>LE, p-v., Warren co., la., 83 w. N. \v. Indianapolis, 641 W. Pope, county. 111. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Ohio r. runs on its e. and s. border. Drained by Big Bay, Lusk's, Great Pierre, and Rock creeks. Tlie sur- face is level ; soil, sandy hiam, and fertile. Cap- ital, Golconda. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,936, sheep 5,350, swine 6,041 ; wheat 1,246 bush, produced, Ind. corn 36,908, oats 6,980, po- tatoes 1,444, tobacco 15,700 pounds ; 6 stores, cap. §50,000 ; 2 tanneries, 10 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,200. 21 sch. 468 scholars. Pop. 4,094. Pope, county. Ark. Situated toward the n. w. part of the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. Ar- kansas r. runs on its s. border. Drained by small streams flowing into the Arkansas r. It has a range of highlands on its n. border. Capital, Dover. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,143, sheep 1,178, swine 10,356; wheat 3,418 bush, produced, Ind. corn 121,874, oats 2,730, potatoes 7,102, tobacco 13.576 pounds, cotton 82,344; 6 stores, cap. $16,450 ; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,650. 4 sch. 78 scholars. Pop. whites 2,626, slaves 2,115, free col'd 9 ; total, 2,850. Pope Creek, p-o., fiercer co., 111., 140 n. n. w. Spriiigtield, 870 VV. PorL.\R, po., Crawford co., O., 75 n. Colum- bus, 419 W. PoPL.\R Br.\nch, p-o., Currituck co.,iS\ C.,242 E. N. E. Raleigh, 290 W. Poplar C.\mp, po., Franklin co., Va., 171 w. by s. Richmond, 246 W. Poplar Creek, po., Roane co., Tenn., 155 E. by s. Nashville, 534 W. Poplar Flat, p-o., Lewis co., Ky., 97 e. n. e. Frankfort, 476 W. Poplar Grove, p-o., Newberry dist. S. C, 53 w. .\. w. Columbia, 491 W. Poplar Grove, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 154 w. Raleigh, 391 W. Poplar Grove, p-o., Sussex co., Va., 61 s. s. e. Richmond, 180 W. Poplar Grove, p-o., Blount co., Ala., 124 n. E. Tuscaloosa, 719 W. Poplar Grove, p-o.. Owen co., Ky., 42 N. Frankfort, 537 W. Poplar Grove, p-o., Gibson co., Tenn., 144 w. Nashville, 827 W. Poplar Hell, p-o., Giles co., Va., 234 w. by s. Richmond, 294 W. Poplar Hill, p-o., Anson co., N. C, 151 s. w. Raleigh, 420 W. Poplar Mount, p-o., Greenville co., Va., 63 s. Richmond, 182 W. Situated on the s. side of Nottaway r. Poplar Plains, p-v., Fleming co., Ky., 96 e. by N. Frankfort, 493 W. It contains 1 Methodist church, and about 300 inhabitants. Poplar Ridge, p-o., Venice t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 168 w. Albany, 324 W. Poplar Springs, p-o., Anne Arundel co., Md., 57 N. w. Annapolis, 62 W. Poplar Springs, p-o., Fairfield dist., S. C, 35 N. Columbia, 472 W. Poplar Valley, p-o., Chambers co., Ala., 164 E. by s. Tuscaloosa, 778 W. Poplln, pt., Rockingham co., N. H., 29 s. E. Concord, 477 W. The siu-face is gently uneven ; soil, generally fertile. Drained by Exeter r. In- corporated in 1764. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; POR 543 POR 2 grist m., 3 saw m. 4 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 429. PoauETANocK, p-v., Pre.ston t., New London CO., Ct.. 43 s. E. Harlford, :)61 W. Situated at the head of a cove, 2 ms. from Tliame.s r. It ha.s 1 Episcopal church, over the line, in Ledyard, 4 .stores, and about 35 dwellings. Ship limber is exported. Sloops come, at high water, within half a m. of the v. The inhabitants are e.xlen- sively engaged in seafaring bu.sines.s. PoauoNOCK, p-v., Windsor t., Hartford co., Ct., 10 N. Hartford, 3iG W. Situated on the s. side of Farmington r., and contains a Baptist church, several manufactories and dwellings. PoRpoLsE, cape, York co., Me., forms the harbor of Kennebunlc. Portage, r., O., rises in the s. w. corner of Wood CO., and enters Lake Erie at Port Clinton. It affords good water power, and drains the Black swamp, an unhealthy region, but which, if suita- bly drained, which is said to be easy, would make a very fertile country. Portage, county, O. Situated in the n. E. part of the state, and contains 590 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Portage r., and branches of iMahoning r. The surface is gently uneven ; soil, fertile, adap- ted to grain and to grazing. The Pennsylvania and Ohio canal pas.ses through the co. Capital, Ravenna. There were in 1840, neat cattle 21,'J22, sheep 28,894, swine 8,550; wheat 112,144 bush, produced, rye 9,497, Ind. corn 113,370, buckwheat 6,301, oats 119,624, potatoes 1 12,743, sugar 258,038 pounds ; 3S stores, cap. $113,229; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 11 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 pottery, 9 grist m., 41 saw m., 2 printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $90,009. 2 acad. 101 students, 143 sch. 5,077 scholars. Pop. 22,965. Portage, county. Wis. Situated in the n. part of the ten, and is very extensive and mostly unsurveyed. It is level in the s., mountainous in the N. Watered by Wisconsin r. and its branches. Capital, Fort Winnebago. There were in 1810, neat cattle 372, swine 127; wheat 1,815 bush, produced, Ind. corn 293, oats 1,018, potatoes 5,539 ; 9 stores, cap. $57,550 ; 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $92,500. 1 sch. 19 scholars. Pop. 1,623. Portage, t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 18 n. An- gelica, 247 w. by s. Albany. The surface is elevated and rolling ; soil, fertile, particularly on Genesee r., which flov^s through it. It contains Genesee Falls, where the r. in the distance of 2 ms. descends 300 feet, creating an immense wa- ter power. The Genesee Valley canal passes through it. It has 18 stores, cap. .'540,800 ; 2 ful- ling m., 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 18 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$47,375. 17 sch. 1,071 scholars. Pop. 4,721. Portage, t., Ottawa co., O. Pop. 347. Portage, p-t.. Wood co., O., Ill n. n. w. Co- lumbus, 467 W. Situated on the s. side of Mau- mee r. Drained by Portage r. The v. is situa- ted on the N. bank of Portage r., which affords water power. It was laid out in 1836, and con- tains 2 stores, various mechanic shops, and a number of dwellings. The t., contains 199 in- habitants. Portage, t., Hancock co., O. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 6 sch. 227 scholars. Pop. 676. Portage, t.. Summit co., O. The surface is imeven ; soil, fertile, adapted to grain. It con- tains a former portage between Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas rivers, which passed through this t., and Coventry s. of it. Akron v., the capital of the CO., lies in its s. e. part. Pop. 718. (For sta- tistics, see AlvTon.) Portage, p-v., St. Joseph co., la. Drained by St. Joseph's r. The v. is situated on the w. side of St. .Joseph's r. Portage, p-t., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 147 w. by s. Detroit, 611 W. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. i}il,5J0. 5 sch. 118 scholars. Pop. 446. Portage des Siou.x. p-v., St. Charles co.. Mo., 122 e. n. e. Jefferson City, 831 W. Situated on w. side of the Mississippi r. 5 ms. below the mouth of Illinois r. It contains from 3 to 400 in- habitants, chielly French. Portagevili.e, p-v.. Portage t., Alleghany CO., N. Y., 262 w. by s. Albany, 357 W. Situa- ted on the w. side of Genesee r., on the line of the Genesee Valley canal, and contains 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 2 Baptist, 1 Metho- dist, and 1 Universalist^lO stores, 1 grist m.. 5 saw m., 2 sash fac, 1 tannery, 1 clothier's works 100 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. The canal here crosses the r. in an aqueduct. The falls and scenery in the vicinity, are in a high degree picturesque. Port Alleghany, p-v., McKean co., Pa., 192 N. N. w. Ilarrisburg, 275 W. Situated on the s. w. side of Alleghany r. Port Bvron, p-v., Mentz t., Cayuga co., N. Y^., 153 w. by n. Albany, 311 W. Situated on the Erie canal. Incorporated in 1837, and contains 3 churches, 10 stores, 1 flouring m., with 12 run of stones, 4 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 2 tanneries, 150 dwellings, and about 1,000 in- habitants. Port Byron, p-v.. Rock Island co.. 111., 160 n. N. w. Springfield, 890 W. Situated on the e. side of Mississippi r. Port Carson', p-v.. Branch t., Schuylkill co., Pa., 65 N. E. HarrLsburg, 175 W. It has been created by the coal trade. In 1829, it contained a single house surrounded by forest. In 1830, it contained 100 dwellings, and 912 inhabitants. It is situated at the junction of Mill or. with Schuylkill r., at the head of canal navigation, and though its growth has been less rapid than at first, it is still a place of much business. Port Chester, p-v.. Rye t., Westchester co., N. Y., 136 s. Albany, 255 W. Situated on the w. side of Byram r. Incorporated in 1833, and contains 1 Presbyterian, and 1 Methodist church, 2 boarding schools, 1 for boys, and 1 for young ladies, 20 stores, 1 dyewood m., 1 iron foundry, 1 hat fac, 2 carriage fac, 100 dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. Six sloops and schooners are owned here, and a steamboat plies daily to New Y'ork. Port Clinton, p-v., Brunswick t., Schuyl- kill CO., Pa., 69 N. E. Harrisburg, 167 W. Situ- atetl at the confluence of Little Schuylkill with Schuylkill r., above the Water Gap, in Blue mountain. A railroad extends 23 ms. to Tusca- rora and Mauch Chunk mountain coal-fields, and the Schuylkill canal passes through the place. It therefore shares largely in the coal tnide. Port Clinton, p-v., capital of Ottawa co., O. 120 \. Columbus, 428 W. Situated on the s. side of Portage r., at its mouth. Laid out in 1827, with spacious streets, crossing each other at right angles. It has a good harbor, with a light-house at its entrance. It contains a court house, jail, several stores, 1 steam saw m. and grist m., va- rious mechanic shops, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Port Colden, p-v., Warren co., N. J., 50 n. N. w. Trenton, 209 W. Port Conway, p-v.. King Georges co., Va., 84 N. N. E. Richmond, 78 W. Port Crame, pc, Broome co N. Y POR 544 POR Port Deposit, p-v., Cecil co., Md., 6S n. e. Annapolis, 78 W. Situated on the e. side of Susquehanna r., at the lower falls, 5 ms. above Havre de Grace, at the mouth of the r. Port Elizabeth, p-v., Maurice River t., Cum- berland CO., N. J., 73 s. s. w. Trenton, 18-1 W. Situated on Manamuskin cr. near its entrance into Maurice r., 14 ms. from Delaware bay. It contains a Baptist church, an academy, 4 stores, 1 glass fac, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. in the vicinity, and 100 dwellings. Vessels of 120 tons come to the place, and wood and lumber are extensively exported. Porter, county, la. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 41.5 sq. ms. Lake Michigan bounds it on the n. The land on the lake is elevated and barren ; but level and more fertile s. Drained by Calumic r. and Coffee and Salt creeks. On Kankakee r., which runs on its s. border, the land is marshy. Capital, "Valparaiso. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,002, sheep 1,188, swine 7,220; wheat 30,712 bush, produced, Ind. corn 60,444, buckwheat 1,740, oats 53,312, potatoes 17,673, sugar 16,406; 4 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,600. 8 sch. 182 scholars. Pop. 2,162. Porter, p-t., Oxford co.. Me., 86 s. w. Au- gusta, 543 W. Ossipee r. bounds it on the s., and N. H. on the w. Incorporated in 1807. It is the s. w. town in the co. It has 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $100. 7 sch. 483 scholars. Pop. 1,133. Porter, t., Niagara co., N. Y., 16 n. w. Lock- port, 7 N. Lewiston, 300 w. Albany. The sur- face is level ; soil, sandy and argillaceous loam. Drained by Tuscarora cr., flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the n. Niagara r. bounds it on the w. In the extreme n. vv. part of the t., at the mouth of the r., stands old Fort Niagara, and directly opposite, on the Canada side, stands Fort George. It contains Youngstown V. Fort Niagara was taken by the British in Dec. 1813, and delivered up in 3Iarch, 1815. It has 11 stores, cap. $41,015 ; 1 tannery, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,495. 1 acad. 22 students, 8 sch. 481 scholars. Pop. 2,177. Porter, t., Delaware co., O. Watered by Walnut cr. It has 4 sch. 66 scholars. Pop. 678. Porter, t., Scioto co., O. It has 4 sch. 132 scholars. Pop. 1,015. Porter, t., Jefferson co., Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,000. Pop. 977. Porter, t., Cass co., Mich. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,152. 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 556. PoRTERFiELD, p-o., Venango co., Pa., 206 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 278 W. Porter Ridge, p-o., Susquehanna co., Pa. Porter's, p-o., Carroll co., Md., 53 n. n. w. Annapolis, 63 W. Porter's Corners, p-o., Greenfield t., Sara- toga CO., N. Y., 43 N. N. w. Albany, 413 VV. Porter's Ferry, p-o., Early co., Ga., 221 s. w. Milledgeville, 808 W. Porter's Swamp, p-o., Columbus co., N. C, 117 s. Raleigh, 405 W. PoRTERsviLLE, p-v., Montvillc t., New Lon- don CO., Ct., 55 s. e. Hartford, 361 W. PoRTERsviLLE, p-v., Muddy Creek t., Butler CO., Pa., 218 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 260 W. It contains a store, and about 12 dwellings. PORTERSVILLE, p-v„ Tipton CO., Tenn., 214 w. s. w. Nashville, 894 W. PORTERSVILLE, p-v., Dubois CO., la., 124 s. s. w Indianapolis, 654 W. Situated on the s. bank of the E. fork of White r. It was formerly the capital of the co. Port Girson, p-v., Manchester t., Ontario co., N. Y., 189 w. Albany, 337 W. Situated on the Erie canal, and contains 1 church, 4 stores, 1 warehouse, 1 distillery, 25 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Port Girso.v, p-v., capital of Claiborne co., Miss., 45 N. Natchez, 72 s. w. Jackson, 1,082 W. Situated on Pierre Bayou, 30 ms. above its entrance into 3Iississippi r. Port Glasgow, p-o., Huron t., Wayne co., N. Y., 186 w. N. w. Albany, 366 W. Port Henry, p-v., 3Ioriaii t., Essex Co., N. Y., 118 N. Albany, 489 W. Situated on the w. side of Lake Champlain, and has a good steam- boat landing. It contains 1 church, 1 female seminary, 3 stores, 35 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. An iron company, incorporated in 1840, have 2 blast furnaces, cupola furnace, and 1 machine shop. Excellent iron ore is found abundantly in the vicinity. Port Homer, p-v., Jefferson co., O. Port Hudson, p-v., E. Feliciana par.. La., 146 N. w. New Orleans, 1,080 W. Port Huron, p-t., St. Clair co., Mich., 59 n. E. Detroit, 583 \V. The v. is situated at the con- fluence of Black r. and St. Clair r., 2 miles from Lake Huron, and contains 12 stores, 1 steam saw m., a steam flouring m., 1 tannery, a printing office, which issues a weekly newspaper Its business is considerable, particularly in lumber. There are in the t. 4 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 1,113. Port Jackson, p-v., Florida t., Montgomery CO., N. v., 33 w. N. w. Albany, 400 W. Situated on the s. side of Mohawk r., on the Erie canal, and contains 1 church, 5 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. Port Jefferson, p-v., Brookhaven t., Suffolk CO., N. v., 202 s. s. E. Albany, 282 W. Situated at the head of Drowned Meadow harbor, and contains 50 dwellings and about 300 inhabitants, employed chiefly in ship building and navigation. Port Jervis, p-v., Deerpark t., Orange co., N. Y., 117 s. s. vv. Albany, 264 W. Situated on the N. E. side of Delaware r., on the Delaware and Hudson canal. It contains 2 churches, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 30 dwellings, and about 250 inhabit- ants. Port Kendall, p-o., Kendall t., Orleans co., N. Y. Port Kent, p-v., Chesterfield t., Essex co., N. Y., 12 s. Plattsburg, 151 n. by e. Albany, 526 W. Situated on the w. side of Lake Champlain, ana contains 1 church, 3 stores, 2 warehouses, 30 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. A steam ferry-boat runs between this place and Burling- ton, Vt. Portland, city, port of entry, and capital of Cumberland co.. Me., is situated on a peninsula at the western extremity of Casco bay, and is in 43° 39' N. lat., and 7° 20' w. Ion., from Green- wich, and 6° 45' e. from Washington. It is 54 ms. N. N. E. from PortsiBouth, 50 s. s. E. Augusta, U'J N. N. E. from Boston, 545 n. e. from W. The population in 1800 was 3,677; in 1810, 7,169 ; in 1820, 11,.581 ; in 1830, 12,601 ; in 1840, 15,218. Engaged in commerce, 397 ; in manufactures and trades, 1,032; navigating the ocean, 726; in the learned professions, &c., 101. It extends 3 miles from east to west, and has an average width of three fourths of a mile. The city pre- sents a beautiful appearance from the sea, as it rises like an amphitheatre between two liills. It is regularly laid out, and liandsomely built, and has some fine public buildings, among which are POR 545 POR a court house, a spacious city hall, a jail, and 16 churches. ]t has also a custom house, 6 banks, a theatre, and an atheneum, containing a library of about 4,000 volumes. It has a light-house on a point at tlie entrance of the harbor, called Port- land Head, which is of stone, 7:1 ieet high, built in 1790. On an eminence, on which Fort Sum- ner formerly stood, there is an observatory, 70 feet liigli, which commands a fine view of the harbor and its islands. The harbor, which is among the best in the United Slates, is ea.sy of entrance, spacious, and safe, being protected by islands at its entrance irom the violence of storms. It is rarely obstructed much by ice. It is de- fended on opposite sides of the .'hip channel by forts Preble and Scammel, on islands a mile and a half from tlie light-house. It is well situated for trade, having an extensive back country. There were in 1840, 40 commercial and 8 com- mission houses, with a cap. of ^5653,500 ; 256 retail stores, with a cap. of $574,450 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $4,000; fisheries, caj). $11,300; machinery produced, $3,000; 1 furnace, cap. $5,000; 2 tan- neries, cap. $9,000 ; 2 potteries, cap. $4,000 ; 2 ropevvalks, cap. $18,000 ; 9 printing ofiices, 5 binderies, 2 daily, 7 weekly, 3 semi-weekly news- papers, and 3 periodicals, employed 94 persons, and a cap. of $34,500. Total capital in manufac. $215,350. 11 acad. and gram. sch. 1,118 students, 32 com. sch. 1,976 scholars. The tonnage of this city in 1840 was 56,135, and that of the coasting trade about 20,000 tons. The principal articles of export are lumber and fish, with beef, butter, &c. The facilities of communication which this city enjoys have been considerably increased by the Oxford canal, which extends from it 20 miles to Sebago pond ; and, by a lock in Songo river, is extended into Brady and Long ponds, 30 miles further. The trade of the city is chiefly with the West Indies and Europe, and its coasting trade primarily, though not exclusively, with Boston. With lite latter place it is connected by a railroad. Portland was formerly a part of Fal- mouth, and 130 houses, constituting two thirds of the village, were laid in ashes by the British, in October, 1775. It was incorporated with its present name in 178G, and received a city char- ter m 1832. Portland, p-t., Middlesex co., Ct., 15 s. Hart- ford, 327 W. Recently taken from the n. part of Chatham. Connecticut r. bounds it on the w. Portland, p-t., Chautauque co., JN. Y., 7 s. Maysville, 332 w. by s. Albany, 352 W. Lake Erie bounds it on the n. The surface is hilly ; soil, argillaceous and sandy loam. Its streams, which are small, flow into Lake Erie. It has a good harbor. It has 2 stores, cap. $9,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,282. 14 sell. 7IG scholars. Pop. 2,136. Portland, p-v., Dallas co., Ala., 94 s. s. e. Tuscaloosa, 869 W. Situated on s. side of Ala- bama r. Portland, t., Erie co., O. Situated on the s. shore of Sandusky bay, and contains Sandusky City. It has 18 stores, cap. $40,50.); 6 commis- sion houses, cap. $35,000: 1 printing office, 1 binder^', 1 weekly newspaper, 1 flouring m. Cap. in manufac. $7,000. 4 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 1,433. Portland, p-t., Ionia co., Mich. 123 w. n. w; Detroit, 617 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,800; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. 2 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 511. Portland, p-v., Jefferson co., Ky., 52 w. Frankfort, 598 W. Situated on Oliio r., immedi- ately below Louisville. 60 Portland, p-v.. Fountain co., la., 74 w. n. w. Indianapolis, 645 W. Situated on Wabash r. It contains 1 church, 5 stores, various mechanic shops, and about 200 inhabitants. Portland, p-v., Whiiesides co., 111., 177 n. by w. Springfield, 860 W. Portland, p-v.. Van Buren co., Iowa. Portland, p-v., Callaway co.. Mo., 31 e. n. e. Jefferson City, 915 W. Portland Mills, p-o., Putnam co., la., 51 w. Indianapolis, 623 W. Port Leon, p-v., Leon co., Flor., 22 s. Talla- hassee. Situated on the e. side of Wakulla r. It contains 150 buildings, principally warehouses. Port Mahon, p-v., Huntington co., la., 114 N. N. E. Indianapolis, 562 W. Port Ontario, p-v., port of entry, Kirkland t., Oswego CO., N. Y., 170 w. n. w. Albany, 392 VV. Situated on Salmon r., at its entrance into the E. end of Lake Ontario. It contains 1 church, 1 store, 3 forwarding houses, 40 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. It has a good harbor, protected by a pier, built by the government of the U. S. Port Penn, p-v., Newcastle co., Del., 39 n. Dover, 134 W. Situated on the vv. side of Dela- ware r., opposite to Reedy island. Port IvEruBLic, p-v., Atlantic co., N. J., 81 s. Trenton, 191 W. Port Republic, p-v., Calvert co., Md., 51 s. by w. Annapolis, 81 W. Port Republic, p-v., Rockingham co., Va., 121 N. w. Richmond, 140 W. Port Royal, p-v., Juniata co., Pa., 46 w. Ilar- risburg, 134 W. Port Roval, p-v., Henry co., Ky. Port Royal, p-v., Montgomery co., Term., 43 N. w. Nashville, 725 W. Port Royal, p-v., Caroline co., Va., 84 n. Rich- mond, 78 W. It contains a church and 50 dwell'srs. Port Sheldon, p-v., Ottow-a co., Mich., 200 w. N. w. Detroit, 681 W. Situated on Lake Michigan, at the mouth of Pigeon cr. PoitTSMPUTH, p-t,, and port of entry in Rock- ingham CO., in N. H., is situated in 43° 5' n. lat., and 70° 45' w. Ion., from Greenwich, and 6° 23' E. Ion. from Washington. It is 14 miles e. n. e. from Exeter, 24 n. from Newburyport, 45 e. s. e. from Concord, 54 .s. .s. w. from Portland, 54 n. from Boston, and 493 from W. The population in 1810 was 6,934 ; in 1820, 7,327 ; in 1830, 8,082 ; in 1840, 7,8-:>7. It is the largest town and the only seaport in the state, situated on a peninsula on the s. side of the Piscataqua r., 3 ms. from the ocean. The situation is pleasant and healthy, the land rising gradually from the harbor. It is well built, and many of the houses are elegant. It has a fine harbor, with 40 feet of viater in the channel at low tide, and is protected by its isl- ands and headlands from storms. The Piscata- qua, opposite the t., is from one half to three fourths of a mile wide; and the tide, which here rises 10 feet, flow's with so rapid a current as to keep the harbor free from ice. The main chan- nel is on the e. side of Great island, or Newcas- tle, and is defended by Fort Constitution, on Great island, and Fort 3Tc(-'lary, in Kittei-y, op- posite. There are also Fort Sullivan and Fort Washington on two other islands, which are not garrisoned in time of peace. There is also an entrance on the s. side of Great island, called Little Harbor, but the water is shallow. I'here is a light-house on Great island. This island contains 453 acres, and constitutes the t. of New- castle, and it is connected to Portsmouth by a bridge, erected in 1821. Portsmouth is also con- nected to Kittery by 2 bridges, one of which is POR 546 POS 1,750, and the other 480 feet in length. On Na- ] vy island, which is on the e. side of the r., and within the bounds of Maine, though it is owned by the general government, is a navy yard be- longing to the United States, which has every convenience for the construction of vessels of the largest class. Good water is brought into the tovTO, and distributed through the streets, from the distance of 3 miles, by a company, formed in 1799. Portsmouth contains much wealth, and has considerable trade, though its back country is somewhat limited. Much of the trade of the state tlovvs to Portland, and more, probably, through the Merrimac river and JMiddlesex canal to Boston. This will furnish a reason why the population has diminished during the last 10 years. Among the public buildings are 8 church- es, 7 banking houses, a court house, 2 market houses, an academy, an atheneum, an alms- house, and the state limatic hospital. Tlie Epis- copal church is a spacious and elegant brick edi- fice, from the cupola of which there is a fine view of the town, the river, tiie islands, and the sur- rounding country. The Atheneum, a very flour- ishing institution, was incorporated in 1817, and has a library of more than 5,(J00 volumes, besides cabinets of minerals and of natural history. Ship building and other manufactures are car- ried on to a considerable extent. The cod and other fisheries are actively prosecuted, and Ports- mouth has considerable foreign and coasting trade. The tonnage of the port in 1840 was 27,375. There were in 1840, 18 foreign commer- cial and 6 commission houses, vsith a capital of $1,251,500; 137 retail stores, with a capital of $278,500; 6 lumber yards, cap. $11,000; fisher- ies, cap. $10,600; 4 furnaces, cap. $46,000; 1 woollen factory, cap. $30,000 ; 5 tanneries, cap. $15,700 ; 2 distillerie.s, cap. $5,000 ; 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., I saw m., total cap. $15,000; 1 ropewalk, cap. $6,000 ; 3 priming offices, 3 bind- eries, 2 weekly newspapers, employed 18 per- sons, and a cap. of $9,100. Total cap. in manu- fac. $187,101. 3 acad. 188 students, 16 common sch. with 2,222 scholars. This town was first settled in 1623, and was incorporated by charter in 1633. It suffered less than most other places from the attacks of the savages in early times. Surrounded on three iiides by water, the neck which connects it with the main land was defended by a stockaded fence, by means of which savage aggression was easily resisted. This place has been at different times severely visited by fires. In December, 1802, 102 bui' lings were burned ; in December, 1806, 14 builduigs, including St. John's Episco- pal church, were destroyed ; in December, 1813, a more desolating fire swept over 15 acres, de- stroying 397 buildings, of which 100 v^-ere dwell- ing houses. The parts which were burned in these fires have generally been rebuilt with brick, in an improved form. Portsmouth, p-t., Newport co., R. I., 7 n. w. Newport, 21 s. E. Provideiicef 417 W., occupy- ing the N. part of the island of Rhode Island. The surface is moderately elevated ; soil, a fer- tile gravelly and argillaceous loam, adapted to grass and to grain, and well cultivated. Being surrounded by water on 3 sides, it enjoys great facihties for navigation, and its fisheries are val- uable. Its vessels are chiefly employed in the coasting trade. It contains 2 churches. Coal and plumbago are found. Several adjoining isl- ands are attached to tliis t., the largest of which is Prudence, 6 miles long and three fourths of a mile wide, the soil of which is excellent. Ports- mouth is connected with Tiverton by a bridge, and with Bristol by a ferry. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $15,500 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $3,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen lac, 5 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $11,925. Portsmouth, p-v., port of entry, with Norfolk, and capital of Norfolk co., Va., 105 e. s. e. Rich- mond, 213 W. Situated on the w. side of Eliza- beth r., at its mouth, opposite to Norfolk, 1 mile distant, and has one of the best harbors in the U. States. Ships of the largest class come to its wharves. It contains a court house, jail, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — a branch of the Bank of Virginia, a masonic hall, a theatre, a military academy, 50 stores, and 6,500 inhabit- ants. A United States navy yard, dry-dock, and naval hospital, are located at Gosport, a suburb of Portsmouth. By means of the Portsmouth and Roanoke railroad, and the Wilmington railroad, a daily line of communication is formed with Charleston. Portsmouth, p-v., capital of Scioto co., O., 90 s. Columbus, 424 W. Situated on the e. bank of Scioto r., at its entrance into Ohio r., and at the termination of the Ohio canal. It contains a court house, market house, jail, 3 or 4 churches, a bank, a steam saw m. and grist m., 1 flouring m., 1 rolling and slitting m., 1 nail fac, 1 iron foundry, 1 carding machine, a printing office, 25 or 30 stores, 7 commission warehouses, numer- ous mechanic shops, 200 dwelUngs, and about 1,500 inhabitants. As a place of business, its sit- uation is commanding. Iron ore, mineral coal, and fine building stone, are found abundantly in the vicinity. Ports.moutii, p-v., Carteret co., N. C. Situ- ated on the N. end of Core bank, near Ocracoke inlet. Chiefly inhabited by fishermen and pilots. Port Tobacco, p-v., capital of Charles co., Md., 72 s. w. Annapolis, 32 W. Situated at the head of a bay which sets up from Potomac r into which a small r. empties. It contains a cour; house, jail, a church, several stores, 120 dwell- ings, and about 600 inhabitants. Portville, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 24 is Ellicottville, 296 Albany. The surface is broken ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Alleghany r. and its branches. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 1 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,100. 5 sch. 13 > scholars. Pop. 462. Port Washington, p-v., Salem t., Tuscara- was CO., O., 99 E. N. E. Columbus, 318 W. Pleas- antly situated on the Ohio canal, adjoining tiie Tuscarawas r. It contains 2 or 3 stores, 4 ware- houses, various mechanic shops, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. A fine bridge here crosses the Tuscarawas r. Port William, p-o., Franklin co., iMo. Po.sEv, county, la. Situated in the s. w. cor- ner of the slate, and contains 450 .sq. ms. Ohio r. runs on its .s. border, and Wabash r. on its w border. Drained by Big and Flat creeks. The surface is undulating ; soil, fertile. Capital, Mount Vernon. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,973, sheep 9,521, swine 35,818; wheat 55,103 bushels produced, rye 1,8:2L Indian corn 607,799, barley l,50i), oats 66,157, potatoes 7,81] ; 23 stores, cap $253,500 ; 4 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 7 flouring m., 10 grist m., 9 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $99,030. 10 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 9,6S3. Posey, t.. Clay co., la. It has 5 stores, capital $4,*^50 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in rnaAufac. $4,2U0. 2 sch. 68 scholars. Pop. 1,201. Posey, t., Harrison co., la. It has 3 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 academy 90 students Pop. 1,374. POT 547 POT Posey, t., Fayette co., la. It has 2 schools 46 scholars. Pop. 1,113. Posey, t., Ru.sh co., la. It has 2 sell. 50 scholars. Pop. 735. Po.sEY, t., Washington co., Ta. It has 8 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 flouring m., 1 grist m. 1 saw m., 4 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 1,591. PosEV, t., Switzerland co., la. It has 145 scholars in schools. Pop. 2,103. Post Mills Village, pv.. Orange co., Vt., 33 s. by E. Montpclier, .503 W. Post Oak SmiNcs, p-o., Roane co., Tenn., 136 E. by s. Nashville, 545 W. PosT.s Corners, p-o., Soiiiliport t.. Chemung CO., N. Y., 201 w. s. w. Albany, 277 W. PosTSViLLE, p-v., .lefferson co., Va. PosTviLLE, p-v., Russia t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 98 .\'. w. Albany, 413 VV. It contains 1 store, 2 saw m., 1 tannery, and about 20 dwellintrs. PosTviLi.E, p-v., capital of Logan co.. 111., 3D N. E. Springfield. Situated on the n. side of Salt or., a branch of Sangamon r., and contains a court house, 3 stores, and several dwellings. PoTEAU, r., ArU., rises in Scott co., and run- ning N., chiefly in the Indian ter., enters Arkan- sas r. at Fort Smith. PoTECusE, p-o., Northampton co., N. C, 155 N. E. Raleigh, 224 W. Potomac, r., IMd. and Va., rises in 2 branches, the s. and the s , in and near the Alleghany moun- tains, and forms, through nearly its whole course, the boundary between Virginia and Maryland. It is 550 miles long, and enters Chesapeake bay between Point Lookout and Smith's point, by a mouth 10 miles wide. At Alexandria it is 1 mile and a quarter wide, 290 miles from the ocean. It is navigable for ships of the line to the navy- yard in Washington, 3 )0 miles from the sea, and 3 miles below the iiead of tide viatcr. Above this it is obstructed by numerous falls and rapids. Little falls are 3 miles above Washington, with a descent of 37 feet, around which is a canal, 2i miles long with 3 locks. Great falls are 8i miles above this, and descend perpendicularly 76 feet, around which is a canal of 5 locks. Six miles above are Seneca falls, with a descent of 10 feet. Shenandoah falls, 60 miles above, are at the pas- sage of the river through the Blue Ridge. Houre's falls are 5 miles above. Canals have been con- structed around all these falls. From the mouth of Savage river, which enters the Potomac at Westport, to Cumberland, 31 miles, the fall is 445 feet; from Cumberland to the Shenandoah falls, 130 miles, the fall is 490 feet ; at the She- nandoah the fall is 43 feet in 5i miles ; from the Shenandoah to (ireat falls, 40 miles, 39 feet ; and thence to tidewater 12 miles, 143 feet. The whole descent from the mouth of Savage river to tidewater, 219 miles, is 1,160 feet. The princi- pal places on the e. side of the river are George- town, Washington, Port Tobacco, and Leonard Town ; on the w. side, Harpers Ferry and Alex- andria. Its principal tributary is the Shenandoah, 200 miles long, and navigable 100 mile.s, which enters it on the s. side from Virginia, immediately before its passage through the Blue Ridge. This passage is a great curio.sity. Of it Mr. Jefferson says, " the passage of the Potomac through the Blue Ridge is, perhaps, one of the most stupen- dous scenes in nature. You stand on a very high point of land. On your right conies up the Shenandoah, having ranged along the foot of the mountain a hundred miles to seek a vent. On your left approaches the Pot63,955. 1 acad. 230 students, 36 sch. 1,363 scholars. Pop. 4,473. Potter, county. Pa. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 1,110 sq. ms. Drained by head branches of Alleghany r., Tioga r., and Genesee r., and of the w. branch of the Susque- hanna r., and Pine, Kettle, Sinnemahoning, and Driftwood creeks. The surlace is elevated ; soil, loam. Coal and iron are found. Much of the CO. is unsettled. Capital, Coudersport. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,315, sheep 4,960, swine 2,330; wheat 11,410 bush, produced, rye 2,363, Ind. corn 6,091, buckwheat 3,818, oats 24,759, po- tatoes 60,571, sugar 103,199 pounds; 6 stores, cap. $11,700; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 8 grist m., 30 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $150,480. 23 sch. 476 scholars. Pop. 3,371. Potter, p-t., Yates co., N. Y., 201 w. Albany, 326 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, gravelly loam, and fertile. Drained by Flint cr. It has 7 stores, cap. $18,300; 2 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,37.5. 14 sch. 830 scholars. Pop. 2,245. Potter, t.. Centre co.. Pa., 10 s. e. Bellefonte, 71 N. w. Harrisburg, 170 W. The surface is mountainous ; soil, calcareous loam. It has 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 5 grist m., 8 sawm. Cap. in manufac. $41,000. 8 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1,787. Potter's Hollow, v., Renssclaerville t., Al- bany CO , N. Y. It contains 1 Friends church, 2 stores, 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. Potter's IMills, p-v.. Potter t.. Centre co., Pa., 73 N. w. Harrisburg, 165 W. Pottersville, p-o., Chester t, Warren co., N. Y., 87 N. by w. Albany, 462 W. Pottersville, p-v., on the line of Reading- ton and Tewksbury ts., Hunterdon co., N. J., 48 N. N. w. Trenton, 222 W. It contains a store and a few dwellings. Pottersville, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 143 E. N. E. Columbus, 299 W. Pottiesville, p-v., Louisa co., Va., 47 n. n. w. Richmond, 89 W. Potts Grove, t., Montgomery co.. Pa. Schuyl- kill r. bounds it on the s. The surface is hilly ; POU 548 POW soil, red shale. Watered by Manatawny cr. and Sprogel's run. It has 1 store, cap. $5,000 ; 2 fur- naces, 2 forges, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $10,400. Pop. 1,361. PoTTSTowN, p b.. Potts Grove t., Montgomery CO., Pa., 37 i\. Philadelphia, 71 e. liarrisburg, 164 W. Situated near Schuylkill r., at the junction of Manatawny cr. It is built chiefly on one street, and tiie houses, of stone, brick, and wood, are neatly built. It contains 2 churches and about 100 dwellings. The Schuylkill canal passes through the place. It has 3 stores, cap. $30,000 ; I tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw in., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $12,000. 2 acad. 45 students, 1 sell. Pop. 721. PoTTSviLLE, p-b., Norwegian t., Schuylkill CO., Pa., 99 N. w. Philadelphia, 62 e. liarrisburg, 172 W. Situated at the termination of the Schuyl- kill canal. It contains 2 churches, 1 of which is an Episcopal, a bank, 33 stores, cap. $136,900; 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 3 breweries, 3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers, 1 flouring m. Cap. in manufac. $141,400. 1 acad. 40 students, 8 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 4,345. In 1824 there were but 5 houses on the spot. Mount Carbon, a suburb and port of the place, contains about 30 dwellings, several large warehouses, and a fine range of stores, 3 stories high. The immense coal trade has given to this place its rapid growth. PoTTSviLLE, p-o., Washington co., Iowa. PouGHKEEPSiE, p-t.. Capital of Dutchess Co., N. Y., 71 s. Albany, 2'j9 W. The surface is un- dulating, and in some places rough; soil, sand, clay, and loam, underlaid by limestone. Drained by Wappinger's and Fall creeks. The v. is sit- uated on the E. side of Hudson r. Incorporated in 1801, and contains a court house, jail, a colle- giate school with a fine edifice, Dutchess acade- my, 2 female seminaries, a lyceum, 2 markets, 3 banking houses, besides a savings institution, a county poorhouse, 13 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Congregational, 2 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 2 Meth- odist, 1 Dutch Reformed, 2 Friends, 1 Universa- list, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 African — SO stores of different kinds, 2 breweries, 2 carpet fac, 3 flouring m., 3 plaster fac, 2 saw m., 2 soap and candle fac, 2 pin fac, 2 gun fac, 3 iron found- ries, 2 potteries, 3 machine shops, 9 carriage and wagon fac, 3 printing offices, and numerous other mechanical and manufacturing establishments, 1,000 dwellings, and about 7,500 inhabitants. It is one of the most pleasant and wealthy villages on Hudson r. The convention met here in 17S8, which adopted the constitution of the U. States. There are in the t. 54 stores, cap. $197,000; cap. employed in the fisheries $134,050; 8 lumber yards, cap. $160,500; 3 cotton fac. 4,08S sp., 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 4 flouring m., 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 3 printing offices, 2 periodi- cals, and 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- fac. ,$458,100. 2 acad. 290 students, 14 sch. 1,077 scholars. Pop. 10,006. PouGHKEEPSiE, p-v., Allen CO., la., 126 n. n. E. Indianapolis, 534 W. PouGHQUAG, p-o., Boekmau t., Dutchess co., N. Y. Pounding Br.\nch, p-o., Montgomery co., N. C. PouLTNEY, r., Vt., ri.ses in Tinmouth" and flows w. into East bay, in Lake Chainplain. It affords good water power. It is about 25 ms. long, and for a httle distance forms the bomidarv between Vt. and N. Y. PouLTNEV, t., Rutland co., Vt., 60 s. w. Mont- pelier, 46 n. Bennington. The surface is diver- eified ; soil, warm and fertile. Watered by Poultney r. The v., near the centre, contains 2 churches — 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist— sev- eral stores, a female academy, and about 50 dwellings. There is another v. in the w. part of the t. which contains a Methodist churcii, a store, and a number of handsome dwellings. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 1 full- ing m., 1 woollen fac, 3 iurnaces, 3 tanneries, 5 .saw m. Cap. in manufac $22,830. 1 acad. 112 students, 15 sch. 64S scholars. Pop. 1,878. PouiN'DuiDGE, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 15 .M. E. White Plahis, 121 s. Albany, 274 W. Tlie surface is hilly and stony ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Mechanus cr., which affords water power. The v. contains 3 churches, 2 stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $8,300 ; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,325. 9 sch. 441 scho- lars. Pop. 1,407. Poverty IIill, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 87 w. by s. Columbia, 581 W. Pow.^sHECK, p-o., Muscatine co., Iowa. Powder Springs, p-o., Cobb co., Ga., 112 n w. xMilledgeville, 690 W. PowELs, r., Va., rises in Powels mountain, Va., and passing into Tennessee, unites with Clinch r., 38 N. v.. Knoxville. It is navigable for boats for nearly 100 ms. Powells Mountain, p-o., Lee co., Va., 378 w. by s. Richmond, 446 W. Powell's Point, p-o., Currituck co., N. C, 257 E. N. E. Raleigh, 305 W. Powell's Tavern, po., Goochland co., Va., 14 w. N. w. Richmond, 131 W. PowELLTON, p-o., Brunswick co., Va., 91 s. s. w. Richmond, 207 W. PowELLTON, p-v., Richmond co., N. C, 118 s. w. Raleigh, 392 W. PowELLTON. p-v., Hancock co., Ga., 36 n. e. Milledgeville, 625 W. Situated on Great Ogee- chee r., and contains 2 churches — 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist — 2 academies, 3 stores, and about 26 dwellings. PowERviLLE, p-v., Pequannock t., Morris co., N. J., 10 N. E. Morristown, 64 n. Trenton, 235 W. It contains 2 stores, 1 forge, 1 grist m., 1 savt' m., and about 15 dwellings. PowERViLLE, p-v., Bracken co., Ky., 61 n. e. Frankfort, 489 W. Powhatan, county, Va. Situated near the centre of the state, and contains 300 sq. miles. James r. runs on its n. border, and Appomattox river on is s. border. Capital, Scottsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,759, sheep 6,594, swine 9,160 ; wheat 53,935 bush, prod., Ind. corn 188,810, oats 138,273, potatoes 6,737, tobacco 1,849,750 lbs.; 13 stores, cap. $28,000 ; 2 tanneries, 10 distille- ries, 7 flouring m., 16 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,500. 5 acad. 125 students, 4 sch. 94 scholars. Pop. vihites 2,432, slaves 5,129, free coi'd 363; total, 7,924. Powhatan Point, p-o.. Mead t., Belmont co., O., 13S E. Columbus, 275 W. Pownal, p-t, Cumberland co.. Me., 18 N. E. Portland, 42 s. w. Augusta, 563 W. Incorpo- rated in 1803. It is a small t., irregular in its form. It has 5 stores, cap. $1,800 ; 1 tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,245. Pop. 1,210. Pownal, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., 126 s. by w. Montpelier, 398 W. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, fertile, adapted to grazing. Drained by Hoosic r., which affords water power. Char- tered in 1760. A small v. at the centre contains a Baptist church. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 2 grist m., 5 saw m Cap. in manufac. $11,300. 10 sch. 349 scholars Pop. 1,613. PRA 549 PRE Powow, r., N. H., rises in Kingston and falls into JMerrimac r., between Salisbury and Ames- bury, Mass., where, by a fall of 100 feet in 50 rods, it afTords extensive water power. Prairie, t., Franklin co., O. The surface is mostly level, with a considerable prairie near its centre. Watered by Darby or. The national road passes through it. Organized in 1819. Pop. 60(5. Prairie, t, Arkansas co., Ark. Pop. 142. Prairie, t.. Holmes co., O. It has 3 flouring m. Cap. in manufac. §6,500. Pop. 1,249. Prairie, t., Audrain co., 3Io. Pop. 221. Prairie, t., Howard co., 111. It has 1 sch. 33 scholars. Pop. 1,863. Prairie, t., Carroll co., Ark. It has 1 store, cap. $1,700 ; 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 399. Prairie, t., Washington co.. Ark. It has 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries. Cap. in manufac. $4,275. 4 sch. 93 scholars. Pop. 2,182. Prairie, t., Franklin co., Ark. It has 1 sch. 18 scholars. Pop. 500. Prairie, t., Madison co., Ark. It has 1 dis- tillery. Pop. 400. Prairie, t., Montgomery co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 775. Prairie Bluff, p-o., Wilcox co., Ala., 85 s. Tuscaloosa, 877 W. Prairie Creek, p-o., Vigo co., la., 83 w. s. w. Indianapolis, 659 W. Prairie de Long, p-o., Monroe co.. El., 116 s. by w. Springfield, 826 W. The creek from which it is named flows into Kaskaskia r. Prairie du Chie.\,p-v., capital of Crawford county. Wis., 125 w. Madison, 937 W. Situated on the e. bank of iMis&issippi r., 3 miles above the mouth of Wisconsin r., 300 miles below the Falls of St. Anthony, and 600 above St. Louis. Tlie prairie is 10 ms. long and 3 wide. The v. contains a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Metho- dist. 1 Presbyterian, and 1 Roman Catholic — an academy, 9 stores, 150 dwellings, and 1,5U0 in- habitants. Numerous mounds of all shapes and .sizes are to be found in the vicinity. The richest copper mines, and large masses of pure copper, are found here. Fort Crawford, a United States military post, is situated immediately s. of the village. Prairie du Sac, p-v., capital of Sauk co.. Wis. Situated on the n. side of Wisconshi r. Prairie du Rocher, p-v., Randolph co.. 111., 14 N. w. Kaskaskia, 137 s. by w. Springfield, 848 W. It is an old French settlement, on the E. side of the Mississippi r., on the American bot- tom, which contained 14 families in 1766, and now contains about 35. It has a Roman Catho- lic church, and the inhabitants retain much of their original habits and manners. Prairie Hill, p-o , Lowndes co., Ala., 121 s. s. e. Tuscaloosa, 8f54 W. Prairie la Porte, p-v., capital of Clayton CO., Iowa. Situated on the w. side of Mississippi r., on an elevated bank, a few ms. above the mouth of Turkey cr. Prairie Point, p-o., Noxubee co., Miss., 137 N. N. E. Jackson, 873 W. Prairie River, p-o.. Branch co., Mich., 122 s. s. w. Detroit, 575 W. The river which gives name to it is 40 or 50 miles long, and flows into St. Joseph r. Prairie Ronde, t., Kalamazoo co., Mich. It has 1 tannery, 1 saw ni. Cap. in manufac. $1,400. 4 sch. 94 scholars. Pop. 623. Prairxeton, p-v., Prairie t., Vigo co., la., 80 w. s. w. Indianapolis, 651 W. Situated on the s. side of Prairie cr., which flows into Wabash river. Prairieton, p-v., Lawrence co., 111., 147 s. K. Springfield, 709 W. Prairie Village, p-v., Milwaukee co.. Wis., 65 E. Madison, 820 W. Situated on the w. side of a head branch of Fox r. Prairieville, t., JMilvvaukee co.. Wis. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,400 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 sch. 13 scholars. Pop. 450. Prairieville, p-v., Clinton co., la., 52 n. n. w. Indianapolis, 610 W. Prairieville, p-v., Randolph co., 111., 126 s. Springfield, 835 W. Prallsville, p-v., Amvvell t., Hunterdon co., N. J., 20 N. N. w. Trenton, 177 W. Situated oa the E. side of Delaware r., and contains 1 store, a grist m. on Wickhechecoke cr., and 10 or 12 dwellings. Pratt, p-o., Shelby co., O., 74 w. n. w. Co- lumbus, 468 W. Prattsburg, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 209 w. by s. Albany, 315 W. The surface is un- even ; soil, fertile, adapted to grain, but belter to grass. Drained by Conhocton river. The v. contains 1 Presbyterian church, an academy, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 tannery, 50 dwell- ings, and about 400 inhabitants. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $16,300 ; 2 fulling m., i tan- nery, 3 grist m., 22 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $2l",100. 1 acad. 204 students, 18 sch. 823 schol- ars. Pop. 2,455. Prattsburg, p-v., Orange co., N. C, 34 n. w Raleigh, 294 W. Prattsburg, p-v., Talbot co., Ga., 80 w. s. w. Milledgeville, 736 W. Pratt's Hollow, p-o., Eaton t., Madison co., N. Y., 106 w. by n. Albany, 363 W. Prattsville, p-t, Greene co., N. Y., 33 w. Catskill, 54 s. w. Albany, 360 W. The surface is broken and mountainous ; soil, fertile on Scho- harie cr., which flows through the t. The up- land is adapted to grazing. The v. is pleasantly situated on the E. side of Schoharie cr., and con- tains 1 Dutch Reformed and 1 Methodist church, an academy, a printing office, and stereotype foundry, 3 tanneries producing 110,000 sides of sole leather annually, 1 woollen fac, 2 furnaces, 2 machine shops, 150 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $24,000 ; 1 flouring m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tan- neries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manuliic, $281,200. 1 acad. 25 students, 6 sch. 150 schol- ars. Pop. 1,613. Preble, comity, O. Situated toward the s w. part of the state, and contains 432 sq. ms The surface is level or gently rolling : soil, very fertile. Drained by Frunklin, Four Mile, and St. Clair creeks. Capital, Falon. There were in I 1840, neat cattle 15,865, sheep 29,255, swine (40,785; wheat 193,107 bushels produced, rye , 8,955, Ind. corn 1,110,611, buckwheat 1,340, bar- j ley 3,571, oats 270,804, potatoes 24,775, sugar I 49,296 pounds; 37 stores, cap. $130,896 ; 1 full- ing m., 3 woollen fac, 9 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 16 flouring m., 18 grist m., 34 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing ofllces, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $91,700. Pop. 19,432. I Prejsle, p-t., Corllandco., N. Y., 131 w. Alba- ny, 324 W. Tlie surface is liilly ; soil calcareous gravel and argillaceous loam, and very produc- tive. Drained by Toughnioga r. The v. con- tains 2 churches, 45 dwellings, and about 300 in- habitants. There are in the 1. 1 store, cap. $4,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,600. 10 sch. 464 scholars. Pop. 1,247. Preble, t.. Pike co., O. Pop. 513. Prescott, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 16 n. e. PRI 550 PR- Northampton, 77 w. Boston, 395 W. The sur- face is hilly and rongh ; soil, adapted to grazing. Watered by branches of Swift r., a principal con- stituent of Ghicapee r. It has 4 stores, cap. $2,900 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §8,330. 5 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 780. PRKsauE LsLE, county, Mich. Situated in the N. E. part of the peninsula, and contains 720 sq. ms. Bounded n. e. by Lake Huron, into which its streams flow. It is unorganized. Preston, county, Va. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 501 sq. ms. The sur- face is mountainous and rough ; soil, in some parts very fertile. Drained by Cheat r., the prin- cipal constituent of Monongahela r. Capital, Kingwood. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,459, sheep 12,249, swine 9,069; wheat 2,801 bush, produced, rye 17,877, Indian corn 42,887, buckwheat 16,057, oals 123,966, potatoes 35,209, tobacco 3,892 pounds, sugar 27,132; 11 stores, cap. $103,900; 2 fulling ra., 2 woollen fac, 2 cot- ton fac.90 sp., 11 tanneries, 22 distilleries, 29 grist m., 23 saw m., 1 oil m., I printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in maniifac. .$45,195. Pop. whites 6,743, slaves 91, free col'd 30; total, 6,866. PRESTO^f, p-t.. New London co., Ct., 45 s. e. Hartford, 3(53 W. The surface is uneven and I'oeky ; soil, gravelly loam, and pretty fertile. Thames and Quinnebaug rivers bound it on the w. and N. w. It has 2 villages — 1 in the e. part, called Preston City, which contains a Congrega- tional and a Baptist church, several stores, and about 35 dw'ellings. Poquetannuck, the other v., is in the s. part, and lies partly in Ledyard, and contains about 40 dwellings, situated at the head of a cove, which sets up from Thames r. Amos's pond lies a little s. of Preston City, the outlet of which forms Poquetannuck r. First settled in 1686. There are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $11,000; 1 cotton fac. 200 sp., 1 tannery, 2 grist m,, 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,550. 13 sch. 469 scho lars. Pop. 1,727. Preston, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 118 w. by s. Albany, 342 W. The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, fertile. Drained by branches of Chenango r. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 3 fulling ra., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 7 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $8,600. 12 sch. 340 scho- lars. Pop. 1,117. Preston, p-t., Wayne co.. Pa., 184 n. e. Har- risburg, 280 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel and loam, well timbered with white and jrello w pine, hemlock and chestnut. It has 7 sch 124 scholars. Pop. 534. Preston, p-o., Marion co., Ga. Presto.v, po., Crosby t., Hamilton co., O., 122 w. s. w. Columbus, 510 W. Situated in New- Haven V. Preston, p-o., Yallabusha co., Miss., 129 n. by E. Jackson, 974 W. Prestonburg, p-v., capital of Floyd co., Ky., 120 E. s. E. Frankfort, 461 VV. Situated on the w. fork of Sandy r. It contains a court house, and 84 inhabitants. Preston Hollow, p-v.,RensselaervilIe t., Al- bany CO., N. Y., 38 w. by s. Albany, 365 W. It contains 1 church, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. Prestonville, p-v., Rhea co., Tenn., 147 e. s. E. Nashville, 536 W. Situated on the n. side of Tennessee r. Prewett's Knob, p-o., Barren co., Ky., 119 s. w. Frankfort, 642" W. Prible's Mills, p-o., Wood co., Va., 336 w. N w. Richmond, 305 W. Price, t., Monroe co.. Pa. It has 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Pop. 391. Pricetown, p-v., Ru.'^comb Manor t., Berks CO., Pa., 62 E. by n. Harrisburg, 155 W. It con- tains 1 store, 1 tannery, and 25 or 30 dwellings. Priceville, p-v., Price t., Wayne co., Pa., 199 N. E. Harrisburg, 295 W. . Priggs, p o., Jackson t., Montgomery co., O., 12 s. w. Dayton, 182 w. by s. Columbus, 475 W. Prillimans, p-o., Franklin co., Va., 203 w. s. w. Richmond, 278 W. Prince Edward, co., Va. Situated centrally, toward the s. part of the state, antl contains 375 sq. ms. Appomattox r. runs on its n. border, by branches of viliich it is drained. The soil is fertile and well cultivated. It contains Hampden Sidney College, which was founded in 1783 — has a president, and 4 professors or other instructors, 65 students, and has 8,000 vols, in its libraries. The commencement is on the fourth Wednesday in September. A preparatory academy is con- nected with the institution. Capiial, Prince Ed- ward C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,631, sheep 11,6J3, swine 15,428; wheat 57,293 bush, produced, Ind. corn 303,997, oats 129,210, potatoes 13,147, tobacco 3,105,950 pounds, cotton 11,121; 33 stores, cap. $123,800; 3 tanneries, 22 flouring m., 23 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $204,220. 2 colleges, 66 students, 3 acad. 52 students, 23 sch. 465 scholars. Pop. whites 4,923, slaves 8,576, free col'd 570 ; total, 14,069. Prince Edward, C. H., p-v., capital of Prince Edward co., Va., 77 w. s. w. Richmond, 167 W. Prince Edward, p-o., 'Gilmer co., Ga., 165 n. w. Milledgeville, 645 W. Prince Fredericktown, p-v., capital of Cal- vert CO., 3Id., 46 s. by w. Annapolis, 76 W. Sit- uate'.! on Parker's cr., v,'hich flows into Chesa- peake bay. It contains a court house, jail, a church, several stores, and about 500 inhabitants. Prince George, county, Va. Situated toward the e. part of the state, and contains 305 sq. ms. Appomalto.x r. runs on its n. w., and James r. on its n. e. border. Drained by Blackwater r. Cap- ital, Prince George C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,095, sheep 2,727, swine, 5,9 11 ; wheat 31,439 bush, produced, Ind. corn 176,640, oats 35,231, potatoes 6,483, tobacco 115,0110 pounds, cotton 23,340 ; 8 stores, cap. $4,800 ; 7 distilleries, 9 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,000. 6 sch. 117 scholars. Pop. whites 2,692, slaves 4,004, free col'd 469; total, 7,175. Prince George's, county, Md. Situated in the w. part of the state, adjoining the District of Co- lumbia, and contains 575 sq. ms. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile. Patuxent r. runs on its e. border, and Potomac r. on a part of its w. border. Capital, Upper Marlboro. There were in, 1840, neat cattle 10,482, sheep 13,833, swine 24,201 ; wheat 80,147 bush, produced, rye 38,209, Ind. corn 507,266, oats 107,070, potatoes 21,570, tobac- co 9,259,423 pounds; 31 stores, cap. $81,600; 1 tlom-ing m., 19 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $53,800. 4 acad. 42 students, 12 sch. 253 scholars. Pop. whites 7,823, slaves 10,636, free col'd 1,080 ; total, 19,539. Prince George, C. H., p-v., capital of Prince George co., Va., 23 s. s. e. Richmond, 147 W. Princes Bay, N. Y. Situated on the s. E. side of Staten Island, celebrated for its fine oysters. It furnishes a safe anchorage in a n. e. storm. Princess An.n, county, Va. Situated in the S.E.part of the state, and contains 374 sq. ms. The surface is level, though somewhat elevated. The Atlantic ocean bounds it on the E., and Chesapeake bay on the n. Back bay, a branch PRI 551 PRO of Currituck sound, sets up in its s. part. Drained by North r. and the e. branch of Elizabeth r. Capital, Princess Ann C. II. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,588, sheep 6,82-2, swine 20,761 ; wheat 6,655 bush, produced, Ind. corn 298,960, oats 81,771, potatoes 37,029, cotton 951 pounds ; 5 stores, cap. $2,422; 3 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 16 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $9,648. 1 acad. 49 students, 8 sch. 179 scholars. Pop. whiles 3,996, slaves 3,087, free col'd 202 ; total, 7,285. Pri.xcess Ann, p-v., capital of Somerset co., Md., 110 s. s. E. Annapolis, 150 W. Situated on the s. E. side of Manokin r., near the head of tide- water. It contains a court house, jail, a bank, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist, and about 120 dwellings. It is regu- larly laid out, with streets crossing each other at right angles. The public buildings are of brick, and the private dwellings are of brick or of wood, neatly painted. Washmgton academy is in the vicinity. Princess Ann, p-o., Robeson co., N. C, 111 ■s. s. w. Raleigh, 399 W. Princess Ann, C. H., p-v., capital of Princess Ann CO., Va., 132 s. e. Richmond, 256 W. It con- tains a court house, 2 Methodist churches, 1 store, 20 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. Pri.nceton, p-v., Wa.^ihington co.. Me., 219 n. E. Augusta, 805 W. Schoodic lake and its out- let bounds it on the n. w. and n. A pond in its s. part gives rise to East Macliias r. It has 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 157. Princeto.\, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 16 n. by w. Worcester, 47 w. by n. Boston, 417 W. It contains Wachusett mountain, an isolated sum- mit, which is 3,000 feet high, and 1,900 feet above the surrounding country, and it presents a grand view from its top. The surface of the t. is hilly ; soil, fertile. Drained by branches of Nashua r. and Wave r. It contains 4 churches — 1 Congre- gational, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Llnivcr- salist. It has 3 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,470. 10 sch. 404 scholars. Pop. 1,347. Princeton, p-t., Schenectady co., N. Y., 8w. Schenectady, 19 n. w. Albany, 389 W. The surface is hilly ; .soil, clay, sand, and loam. Drain- ed by Norman's Kill. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 3 saw ni. 4 sch. 91 scholars. Population, 1,201. Princeton, pb., Mercer co., N. J., 11 n. e. Trenton, 177 W. It is pleasantly situated, and neatly built, chiefly on one extended street, and contains 4 churches — 2 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- pal, and 1 African — numerous stores, and 200 dwellings, and about 1,2U0 inhabitants, exclusive of those connected with the literary institutions. The Delaware and Raritan canal rims within 1 mile of the b., and Ihe office of the company is established here. It derives its greatest import- ance from the College of New Jersey, established here, founded in 1746, at Elizabethtown, remov- ed to Princeton in 1757, which has a president, and 12 professors or other instructors, 2, ISS alum- ni, of whom 444 have been ministers of the gos- pel, 263 students, and 11,000 vols, hi its libraries. The commencement is on the last Wednesday in September. Its buildings are neat, convenient, and spaciou.s. The Princeton Theological Semi- nary of the Presbyterian church is located here, founded in 1812, has 5 professors, 113 students, 714 educated, and 7,000 vols, in its libraries. Its buildings are neat and extensive. There are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $47,600 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $2,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, I weekly newspaper, 2 giist m., 1 saw m. Cap. iu manufac. !;p67,300. 2 colleges, 328 students, 2 acad. 90 students, 4 sch. 110 scholars. Pop. 3,055. Princeton, p-v., Mercer co., Va. Princeton, p-v., capital of Washington co.. Miss., 119 N. w. Jackson, 1,154 W. Situated on tiie E. side of Mis.sissippi r. It contains a court house, 8 stores, and 250 inhabitants. Princeton, p-v., capital of Caldwell co., Ky., 225 w. s. w. Frankfort, 757 W. It contains a court house, jail, and about 400 inhabitants. Princeton, p-v.. Liberty t., Butler co., O., 102 w. s. w. Columbus, 486 W. Princeton, p-v., capital of Gibson co., la., 142 s. w. Indianapolis, 712 W. Situated 4 ms. s. of Patoka cr., which is navigable 3 months in the year. It contains a spacious court house, jail, and a seminary, all of brick, 2 churches, 5 stores, and about 800 inhabitants. Princeton, p-v., capital of Bureau co.. 111., 135 N. Springfield, 808 W. It contains a court house, jail, and a number of dweUings. It was laid out in 1833. Princeton, p-v., Scott co., Iowa. Situated on the w. side of Mississippi r. Princetown, p-v., Berks co., Pa. Princeville, p-v., Peoria co.. III., 92 n. Sprmgfield, 806 W. Prince William, county, Va. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 370 sq. ms. It has the Potomac on the e. Drained by Occoquan r. Surface hilly ; soil, moderately fertile. Capital, Brentsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,614, sheep 8,202, swine 8,900; wheat 47,471 bush, produced, rye 3,704, Ind. corn 180,463, buckwheat 2,181, oats 105,374, po- tatoes 6,476, tobacco 4,974 pounds; 18 stores, cap. $66,500 ; 1 cotton fac. 1,038 sp., 5 distilleries, 10 flouring m., 13 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. .$22,350. 5 sch. 118 scholars. Pop. whites 4,867, slaves 2,767, free col'd 510 ; total, 8,144. Prince William, p-o., Carroll co., la., 56 n N. w. Lidianapolis, 614 W. Princepeo, p-o., Cecil co., Md. Privateer, p-o., Sumter dist., S. C, 70 E.Co- lumbia, 505 W. Proctorsville, p-v., Windsor co., Vt., 73 e. Montpelier, 468 W. Proctorsville, p-v., Crawford co., la., 109 s. by w. Indianapolis, 631 W. Situated on the w. side of Great Blue r. Promised Land, p-o., Alleghany co., Md. . Prompton, p-o., Wayne co.. Pa., 169 n. e. Harrisburg, 260 W. Prospect, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 53 e. by N. Augusta, 649 W. Situated on the w. side of Pe- nob.scot r., at its entrance into Penobscot bay. It has a fertile soil, and great commercial advan- tages. Incorporated in 1794. It has 15 stores, cap. $41,700 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m.. 12 saw. Cap. in manufac. $35,350. 20 sch. 1,416 scholars. Pop. 3,492. Prospect, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 54 s. Hartford, 320 W. Organized in 1827, from Che- shire and VVaterbury. The surface is elevated, hilly, mountainous, and stony ; soil, adapted to grazing. It contains 1 Congregational and 1 Methodist church. It has 1 store, cap. $1,800 ; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,660. 4 sch. 83 scholars. Pop. 548. Prospect, p-o., Remsen t., Oneida co., N. Y^ 103 w. N. w. Albany, 408 W. Prospect, p-v.. Muddy Creek t., Butler co.. Pa., 212 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 254 W. It contains 1 store, and 8 or lOdwelhngs. Pro.-spect, p-o.. Prince Edward co., Va., 80 w. s. w. Richmond, 170 W. PRO 552 PRO Prospect, p-o., Radnor t., Delaware co., O., 37 N. Columbus, 421 W. Prospect, p-o., Giles co., Tenn., 97 s. by w. Nashville, 746 W. Prospect Hall, p-o., Bladen co., N. C, 82 s. Raleigh, 370 W. Prospect Harbor, p-o.. Prospect t., Waldo CO., Me., 119 E. Augusta, 701 W. Prospect Hill, p-o., Pittstown t., Rensselaer CO., N. Y., 24 N. E. Albany, 394 W. Pro.spect Hill, p-o., Fairfax co., Va., 131 n. by E. Richmond, 12 W. Prospect Hill, p-o., Caswell co., N. C, 60 N. w. Raleigh, 372 W. Prospect Hill, p-o., Lincoln co., Tenn. Prospect Ridge, p-o.. Pike co., Ala., 161 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 876 W. Prosperity, p-o., Moore co., N. C, 68 s. w. Raleigh, 336 W. Providence, county, R. I. Situated in the N. part of the state, and contains 380 sq. miles. The surface is uneven and rough ; soil, gravelly and calcareous loam. Watered by Pawtuckel, Providence or Narraganset, Wanasquatucket, Mashasuck, and Pawtuxet rivers, and their branches. Several of these afford extensive wa- ter power. The agriculture of the co. is respect- able, but its manufactures are very extensive, and more important, and its commercial advan- tages are great. Capital, Providence. There were in 1810, neat cattle 13,157, sheep 11,861, swine 10,669 ; wheat 641 bush, produced, rye 16,870, Ind. corn 157,577, buckwheat 1,573, bar- ley 13,374, oats 16,249, potatoes 347,339; 78 houses in foreign trade, cap. $1,589,859; 550 stores, cap. $1,987,200 ; 19 lumber yards, cap. $185,500; cap. invested in fisheries, $130,000; 5 furnaces, 18 fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 130 cot- ton fac. 367,251 sp., 15 dyeing and printing estab., 8 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 2 breweries, 2 rope fac, 59 grist m., 73 saw m., 2 paper fac, 10 printing offices, 6 binderies, 2 periodicals, 2 daily, 5 week- ly, 4 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $7,165,887. 2 colleges, 324 students, 37 acad. 2,935 students, 20a sch. 9,705 scholars. Pop. 58,073. Providence, city, and port of entry in a coun- ty of the same name, is the semi-capital of R. I., is situated at the head of Narraganset bay, on the w. side of Seekonk or Providence river, 35 miles from the ocean, and is in 41° 51' n. lat. and 71° 16' w. Ion. from Greenwich, and 5° 37' E. Ion. from W. — 30 n. from iSewport, 42 s. s. w. from Boston, 55 n. e. from New London, 70 e. from Hartford. 173 e. from New York, 396 from W. Pop. in 1820, ll,767 ; 1830,16,832; 1840,23,171. Em- ployed in commerce 929; manufactures and trades 3,948 ; navigating the ocean 422 ; do. rivers, &c. 90; learned professions, &c. 165. It contains an area of about 9 square miles ; and the compact part is nearly equally divided by Providence river. The principal business is done on 2 long and somewhat irregular streets on the E. side of the river ; but there are several wholesale stores on the w., where also is done a large retail business. Tliere are many fine houses, mosily on the E. side of the r. It is the second city in New England in population. The two parts of the city are connected by 2 bridges, one of which is 90 feet in width. Vessels of 900 tons come to its wharves. Its commerce is ex- tensive, and it has been successfully engaged in a trade with China. Tlie Blackstone canal from Worcester, Mass., terminates here. It has also a railroad from Boston, which is extended to Stonington, Ct. Several steamboats connect it daily with the city of New York, and other pack- et lines connect it with that and other cities. Among the public buildings are the State House built of brick ; 2 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and the Episcopal church, which are among the finest buildings of the kirid in the United States ; the Arcade, on the w. side of the river, extending be- tween two streets, with a fine Doric portico on each, consisting of 5 massive columns, 25 feet high, the shafts of which, 22 feet in length, are from single blocks of granite, of which material the building is constructed, 226 feet long, 72 feet wide, and 3 stories high, occupied below by stores, and above with offices, &.c. Brown Uni- versity occupies a commanding situation on the E. side of the river, and has 2 large brick edifices, 4 stories high. It has a president, and 8 profes- sors and instructors, had had in 1841, 1,390 alum- ni, 474 of whom were ministers, about 172 stu- dents, and 14,000 volumes in its various libraries. The philosophical apparatus is extensive and complete. The commencement is on the first Wednesday of September. A majority of the board of trustees and of the faculty are required to be of the Baptist denomination. It was origi- ginally established in Warren, in 1761, and was removed to Providence in 1770. The Friends Boarding School, belonging to the yearly meet- ing of this denomination in New England, is situated three quarters of a mile n. e. of tjie Uni- versity, has a spacious edifice of stone and brick, in a commanding situation, has 10 instructors, and about 200 pupils, and is a flourishing institu- tion. The Athenreum, founded in 1336, has a handsome granite building, and a library of 7,000 volumes. The state prison, lately erected, and a theatre, a new and fine buitding. It has 21 banks, with an aggregate capital of eight millions, and 3 insurance companies. The city contains 21 churches — 5 Baptist, 3 Episcopal, 3 Congrega- tional, 1 Friends, 2 Methodist, 2 Unitarian, 1 Uni- versalist, 2 Roman Catholic, and 2 African. The city is not less distinguished for its manu- factures than for its commerce. The most ex- tensive manufacturing establishments are situa- ted at North Providence, where the falls of the Pawtucket aflTord an extensive water power. The tonnage of this port in 1840, was 16,610. There were in 1840, 23 for. commercial and 55 commission houses, cap. $1,582,850 ; 392 retail stores, cap. $1,753,040; 18 lumber yards, cap. $170,500; fisheries, cap. $130,000; machinery manufactured to the amount of $270,300; pre- cious metals, ,$257,900; various metals, $147,550; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac cap. $10,000; 32 cot- ton fac. 76,554 sp., 8 dyeing and printing estab., total cap. $1,449,000; 3 tanneries, cap. $22,000; 2 distilleries, 2 breweries, cap. $63,000; paints, drugs, &c., cap. $20,000; 1 paper fac. produced $15;000; 5 grist m., cap. $6,500; 8 printing of- fices, 5 binderies, 2 daily, 3 weekly, 4 semi-week- ly newspapers, and 2 periodicals, cap. $23,100. Total cap. in manufac. $3,012,538. 1 colleges, 324 students, 21 acad. 2,299 students, 42 sch. 6,629 scholars. This town was settled in 1636, by Roger Wil- liams, who fled from Massachusetts, on account of his religious opinions, and who adopted in his establishment the principles of universal tolera- tion. Providence originally included several ad- jacent towns. It suffered much in King Philip's war. In 1663 a charter was granted by the king to tlie Providence Plantations. This place has suffered severe disasters by fire and water. In 1301 an extensive fire occurred; and in 1815a severe gale caused the tide to rise 12 feet above its ordinary height, spreading desolation along the wharves and bridges, destroying 300 build- ings, and other property, to the amount, in the PUL 553 PUL whole, of nearly $1,500,000. In 1831 it received a charter as a city. Providence, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 15 x. w Balston Spa, 41 n. n. w. Albany, 409 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay and loam, adapted to grass. Watered by Sacandaga r. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- neries, 3 grist m., 30 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $33,630. 9 sch. 313 scholars. Pop. 1,307. Providence, p-t., Luzerne co., Pa., 146 n. e. Harrisburg, 230 W. Lackawannock or., and Roaring brook, afford e.xtensive water power. Anthracite coal is abundant, and easily mined. The surface is a valley between two mountain ranges. It contains the v. of C'entrcville, and has 6 stores, cap. $15,800; 1 tannery, 3 flouring m.. 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,900. Pop. 1,169. Providence, (East and West,) t., Bedford co.. Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling ra., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m. Cap. in manufac. $6,650. 5 sch. 204 scholars. Pop. 2,632. Providence, p-v., Fairfax co., Va., 120 n. Richmond, 207 W. Providence, p-v., Mecklinburg co., N. C, 173 w. s. w. Raleigh, 412 W. Providence, p-v., Pickens co., Ala., 71 w. Tuscaloosa, 873 W. Providence, p-v., Hopkins co., Ky., 214 w. s. w. Frankfort, 733 W. Providence, p-v.. Bureau co., 111., 114 n. Springfield, 819 W. Providence, p-v., Wood co., O., 140 n. n. w. Columbus, 471 W. Pop. 130. Provincetown, p-t., Barnstable co., Mass., 123 Boston, 524 W. Situated on the extreme n. w. point of Cape Cod. The surface consists of beaches, sand hills, 8 shallow ponds, and a num- ber of swamps. The harbor within the curve of the cape is easy of access, spacious and safe, with a sufficient depth of water for the largest ships. The v. is inhabited chiefly by fishermen, and the cod and mackerel fisheries employ about 1,000 men and boys. The houses are chiefly on one street 2 ms. long, following the course of the beach. It contains 3 churches — 1 Congrega- tional, 1 Methodist, and 1 Universalist. The soil is a loose sand. Salt is extensively manufactur- ed, and there are many windmills to raise the water into vats for evaporation. Good water is obtained at a moderate depth, a little distance from the shore. There are in the t. 15 stores, cap. $30,100; 2 lumberyards, cap. $3,750. Cap. in manufac. $13,200. 2 acad. 109 students, 8 sch. 667 scholars. Pop. 2,122. Prowsville, p-o., Washington co., la., 92 s. Indianapolis, 612 W. Prontytown, p-v., Harrison co., Va., 2G7 n. w. Richmond, 205 W. Situated on Tygart's Valley r., and contains 1 Baptist and 1 Metho- dist church, 3 stores, 1 tannery, 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. Public Square, p-o., Greene co., Ga., 53 n. iMilledgeville, 390 W. PuGHTovvN, p-v., Coventry t., Chester co., Pa., 68 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 146 VV. Situated on French cr. It contains a store, and about 15 dwellings. PuL.\SKi, county, Ga. Situated a little s. of the centre of the state, and contains 68^) sq. ms. Drained by Ocmulgee r. and its branches, and by branches of Oconee r. Capital, Ilavvkins- ville. There were in 1810, neat cattle 16,204, sheep 2,268, swine 15,015; wheat 7,439 bush, produced, rye 1,433, Ind. corn 133,764, oats 5,369, potatoes 21, r78, cotton 1,735,783; 14 stores, cap. 70 $80,000 ; 10 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,125. Pop. whiles 2,972, slaves 2,383, free col'd 32 ; total, 5,339. Pulaski, county, Va. Situated toward the s. w. part of the state, and contains 350 sq. ms. New r. bounds it partly on the E., and drains it on the s. Surface in part mountainous ; soil, fer- tile. Capital, Nevvbern. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,920, sheep 9,653, swine 11,752; wheat 46,093 bush, produced, rye 16,940, Ind. corn 144,037, buckwheat 2,416, oats 80,170, po- tatoes 15,064; 10 stores, cap. $54,500; 6 tanne- ries, 20 distilleries, 7 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac. Cap. in manufac. $32,360. 7 sch. 136 scholars. Pop. whites 2,763, slaves 954, free col'd 17 ; total, 3,739. Pulaski, county, Ky. Situated on the s. toward the e. part of the state, and contains 800 sq. ms. Cumberland r. runs on its s. border, by branches of which it is drained. Rockcastle cr. runs on its s. e. border. Capital, Somerset. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,862, sheep 13,366, swine 19,490; wheat 43,985 bush, produ- ced, Ind. corn 120,301, oats 94,655, potatoes 4,504 ; 10 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 4 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $14,000. 29 sch. 751 scholars. Pop. whites 8,583, slaves 1,019, free col'd 18; total, 9,620. Pulaski, county, la. Situated toward the n. w. part of the state, and contains 342 sq. ms. Drained by Tippecanoe r. and its branches. Capital, Winamac. There were in 1810, neat cattle 591, sheep 270, swine 1,5S9; wheat 1,399 bush, produced, Ind. corn 13,075, oats 1,823, pota- toes 3,381, sugar 2,131 pounds : 1 store, cap. 1,000; 3 potteries, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. Pop. 561. Pulaski, county, IVTo. Situated toward the s. part of the state, and contains 1,332 sq. ms. Drained by the head waters of (Gasconade v and by branches of Osage r. The surface is liilly ; soil, fertile. Capital, Waynesville. There were in 1810, neat cattle 10,513, sheep 6,600, swine 23,131 ; wheat 18,680 bush, produced, Ind. corn 335,860, oats 23,143, potatoes 11,6^2, tobacco 19,091 pounds, cotton 7,727, sugar 2,602 ; 10 stores, cap. $24, 613; 1 tannery, 11 distilleries, 22 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $40,280. 6 sch. 116 scholars. Pop. whites 6,338, slaves 190, free col'd 1 ; total, 6,529. Pulaski, county, Ark. Situated near the centre of the state, and contains 2,050 sq. ms. Drained by Arkansas r. and its branches. Cap- ital, Little Rock. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 7,935, sheep 949, swine 12,031 ; wheat 559 bush, produced, Ind. corn 164,324, oats 6,920, potatoes 10,312, cotton 7,869 pounds ; 5 commer- cial and 5 com. houses, cap. $15,000; 20 stores, cap. $218,500 ; 12 grist ni., 10 saw m., 3 printing offices, 3 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $69,250. 1 sch. 48 scholars. Pop. whites 3,961, slaves 1,284, free col'd 105 ; total, 5,350. Pulaski, v., Richland t., semi-capital of Os- wego CO., N. v., 155 w. N. w. Albany, 3S5 W. Situated on Salmon r., 3 ms. from Lake Ontario. Incorporated in 1832. It contains a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 3Iethodist — an academy, 8 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 paper m., 2 grist in., 1 trip-hammer works, 1 furnace, 1 carriage fac., 2 tanneries, 100 dwell- ings, and about 7O0 inhabitants. There is an extensive water power. Pulaski, p-v., Mercer co., Pa., 248 w. n. w Harrisburg, 2S9 W. Pulaski, p-v., capital of Giles co., Tenn., 74 s. by w. Nashville, 734 W. Situated on the e. PUT 554 PUT side of Richland cr., a branch of Elk r. It con tains a court house, a church, and about 900 in habitants. Pulaski, p-o., Williams co., O., 176 n. w. Co lumbus, 509 W. Pulaski, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 89 w. by s. Detroit, 561 W. Drained by the s. branch of Kalamazoo r. It contains several ponds, and a mineral spring. Ithasl sch.27scliolars. Pop. 394. Pulaski, p-v., Hancock co.. 111., 85 w. n. w Springfield, 863 W. Pulaskjville, p-v., Knox co., O., 52 n. e Columbus, 393 W. PuLTNEY, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 15 n. e Bath, 213w.by S.Albany, 316 W. The .surface is generally level ; soil, clay and calcareous loam. Bounded e. by the w. branch of Crooked Lake, into which its streams flow. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,500. 12 sch. 1,174 scholars. Pop. 1,784. Pultney, t., Belmont co., O. It has 8 sch. 248 scholars. Pop. 1,747. Pultneyville, p-v., Williamson t., Wayne CO., N. Y., 204 w. by n. Albany, 368 W. Situ- ated on Lake Ontario, where is a convenient landing for steamboats and vessels. It contains 5 stores, 2 warehouses, 2 saw m., 1 tannery, 50 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. Pulver's CoRNEiis, p-0.. Pine Plains t., Dutchess CO., N. Y., 58 s. Albany, 331 W. PuMPKiNTOwN, p-v., Pickens dist., S. C, 135 w. N. w. Columbia, 530 W. PuMPKi.N Vine, po., Paulding co., Ga., 127 w. N. w. Milledgeville, 670 W. Punch Kill, p-o., Cobleskill t., Schoharie CO., N. Y., 37 w. Albany, 388 W. PuNGO Bridge, p-o., Beaufort dist., S. C. Pungoteague, p-v., Accomac co., Va., 181 e. by N. Richmond, 209 W. It contains 1 Episco- pal and 1 Methodist church, 1 store, 1 grist m., 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. PuNXATAWNEY, p-v., Youug t., Jefferson co.. Pa., 183 N. w. Harrisburg, 236 W. Situated in a fork of Mahoning cr. It contains a store and 15 or 20 dwellings. PuRCELLS Store, p-o., Loudon co., Va., 163 N. Richmond, 44 W. PuRDY, p-v., capital of McNairy co., Tenn., 148 s. w. Nashville, 824 W. Situated on a head branch of Hatchy r. PuRDY Creek, p-o., Hornellsville t, Steuben CO., N. Y., 247 w. by s. Albany, 315 W. PuRDYviLLE, p-v., Wayne co., Pa., 159 n. e. Harrisburg, 233 \V. Purvis, p-o., Rockland t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 109 s. w. Albany, 314 W. Putnam, county, N. Y. Situated in the s. e. part of tiie stale, and contains 216 sq. ms. Hud- son r. bounds it on the w. The surface is moun- tainous ; soil, productive in the e. part, if well cultivated. Magnetic iron ore, iron pyrites, and plumbago abound. Drained by head branches of Croton r. Capital, Carniel. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,971, sheep 14,945, swine 12.88S ; wheat 12,2.50 bush, produced, rye 35,367, Ind. corn 86,679, buckwheat 37,099, oats 86,421, polaloes 142,384 ; 47 stores, cap. $105,950 ; 1 fur- nace, 2 forges, 11 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 27 grist m., 36 saw m., 2 paper fac. Cap. in manufoc. $266,635. 63 sch. 2,935 scholars. Pop. 12,325. Putnam, county, Ga. Situated a httle n. of the centre of the .state, and contains 340 sq. ms. Bounded e. by Oconee r., by branches of which it is drained. Surface level ; soil, fertile. Capi- tal, Eaionton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,497, sheep 7,071, swine 29,991 ; wheat 35,688 1 bush, produced, rye 1,174, Ind. corn 360,230, bar- ley 855, oats 21,332, potatoes 13,626, cotton 2,279,145 pounds; 15 stores, cap. $112,800; 1 cotton fac. 2,000 sp., 2 tanneries, 8 flouring m., 16 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $127,553. 5 acad. 210 students, 5 sch. 174 scholars. Pop. 1830, 13,261; 1840, whites 3,741, slaves 6,483. free col'd 37 ; total, 10,260. Putnam, county, O. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 376 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Auglaize r. and its tributaries. Surface undulating ; .soil, fertile. Capital, Kalida. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,570, sheep 2,385, swine 11,799 ; wheat 43,929 bush, produced, rye 1,203, Ind. corn 136,465, oats 20,587, potatoes 30,115, .sugar 45,979 pounds ; 18 stores, cap. $32,625 ; 5 tanneries, 8 grist m., 11 saw m., 2 printing ofli- ces. Cap. in manufac. $9,630. Pop. 5,189. Putnam, county, la. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 486 sq. ms. Organized in 1821. Drained by Walnut Fork of Eel r., and Big Racoon and Deer creeks, which afford water power. Capital, Greencastle. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,022, sheep 21,077, swine 42,534 ; wheat 72,274 bush, produced, rye 2,212, Ind. com 824,792, oats 98,20S, potatoes 25,783, tobacco 27,582 pounds, sugar 232,075 ; 39 stores, cap. $122,110; 1 fuOing m., 13 tanneries, 10 dis- tilleries, 3 potteries, 3 flouring m., 33 grist m., 32 saw m., 2 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 vv'eekly and 1 periodical newspaper. Cap. in manuf. $40,618. 1 acad. 87 students, 44 sch. 2,414 scholars. Pop. 16,842. Putnam, county. III. Situated toward the N. part of the state, and contains 325 sq. ms. The surface is undulating, and consists of prairie and forest ; soil, very fertile. Drained by Illinois r. and its branches, and by head branches of Spoon r. Capital, Hennepin. I'here were in 1840, neat cattle 2,975, sheep 1,7.32, swine 6,410 ; wheat 40,885 bush, produced, Ind. corn 71,223, oats 46,572, potatoes 18,818, sugar 11,030 pounds ; 9 stores, cap. $22,900 ; 1 tannery, 2 saw m., 2 print- ing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in man- ufac. $19,000. 12 sch. 675 scholars. Pop. 2,131. Putnam, p-t., Washington co., N. Y., 36 n. Sandy Hill, 90 n. by e. Albany. The surface is mountainous, and mostly unfit for cultivation. Crossed by Palmertown range, some peaks of which are 1,500 feet high. It has Lake Cham- plain on the E. and Lake George on the w. It contains 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 2 grist ra., 5 saw m., 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 784. Putnam, p-t., Muskingum co., O., 55 e. Co- lumbus, 340 W. Situated on Muskingum r., op- posite Zanesville, with which it is connected by a handsome bridge. It has 1 acad. 150 students, 1 sch. 51 scholars. Pop. 1,071. Putnam, t., Livingston co., Mich. It has 2 stores, cap. $29,000 ; 5 sch. 177 scholars. Pop. 597. Putnam Valley, p-t., Putnam co., N. Y., 9 w. Carmel, 100 s. Albany. The surface is moun- tainous, being covered with the Highlands, with a broad and fertile valley, extending from N. to s. There are 7 small lakes or ponds in the t. Drain- ed by Peekskill cr., the outlet of Redfire lake. Iron ore is extensively found. It has 2 forges, 3 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 fulling m., 5 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,100. 10 sch. 461 scho- lars. Pop. 1,659. Putnam ville, p-v., Putnam co., la., 42 w. Indianapolis, 613 W. Situated on the national road, and contains 4 stores, various mechanic shops, 1 grist m., 1 tannery, and about 250 in- habitants. Putney, p-t., Windham co., Vt., Ill s. Mont- QUE 555 QUI pelier, 432 W. Situated on the w. side of Con- necticut r. The surface is uneven excepting near the streams, where are extensive and fertile intervales. Sacket's brook has a fall of 75 feet in 80 rods, and affords extensive water power. There are several other mill streams. The v. contains a Congregational church, several stores, and about 60 dwellings. There is also a Baptist church in the t. Chartered by N. II. in 1753, and recharlered under N. Y. in 17G6. First set- tled in 1751. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. ,$25,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen lac, 2 tanneries, 2 paper fac, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $3-t,350. 12 sch. 462 scholars. Pop. 1,383. Pv'RAMUs, p v., Bergen co., N. J., 83 n. e. Tren- ton, 2iy W. Pyrenna, p-o., Elbert co., Ga., 115 n. n. e. Milledgeville, 575 W. a. Quaker Bottom, p-o., Lawrence co., O., 123 s. by E. Columbus, 400 W. Quaker Hii-l, p-o., Pawlings t., Dutchess co., N. v., 92 s. Albany, 304 W. Quaker Springs, po., Saratoga t., Saratoga CO., i\. Y., 32 N. Albany, 402 W. Quaker Springs, p-v., Columbia co., Ga., 103 E. N. E. Milledgeville, 582 W. This settlement was formed by tlie Friends in 1750, who fled, alarmed by the murders of the Cherokees. It contains a number of dwellings. Quaker Street, p-o., Duanesburg t., Sche- nectady CO., N. Y. Quakertown, p-v., Kingwood t., Hunterdon CO., N. J., 31 N. w. Trenton, 19! W. It is called also Fairview, and contains 1 Friends church, 2 stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings. Quakertown, p-v., Richland t., Bucks co., Pa.. 37 N. N.vv. Philadelphia, 101 e. Harrisburg, 174 W. It is neatly built on a single street, and con- tains 1 Friends church, 2 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. Quallatowm, p-v., Haywood co., N. C, 326 w. Raleigh, 556 W. QuANTico, p-v., Somerset co., Md., 93 s. e. An- napolis, 133 W. Quay, p-o., Claiborne par., La., 367 n. w. New Orleans, 1,237 W. Queechee, r., Vt., rises in Sherburne, and after running 35 ms., falls into Connecticut r., in Hartland, about 2 ms. above Queechee falls. It receives a number of tributaries, and affords good water power. It is about 35 ms. long. Q.UEECHEE Village, p-v., Hartford t., Windsor CO., Vt., 57 s. Montpelier, 437 W. Situated around the falls in Queechee r., 5 ms. above its mouth. It contains several stores, and a number of mills and manufactories. QuEMAHONiNG, t., Somerset co.. Pa., 11 n. E. Somerset. The surface is hilly ; soil, light gravel. Stony cr. bounds it on the e. Drained by Mc- Conaughey run and Quemahoning cr., Higgins' cr., and Will's cr. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $2,800. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 924. Queen Anne, county, Md. Situated in the e. part of the state, on the e. shore of Chesapeake bay, and contains 400 sq. ms. Kent island, in Chesapeake bay, belongs to it. Chester r. runs on its N. w. border, and Tuckahoe cr. on its e. border. Capital, Centreville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,056, sheep 12,881, swine 12,520 ; wheat 113,411 bush, produced, rye 35,767, Ind. corn 501,274 ; buckwheat 346, oats 117,765, pota- toes 15,275; 8 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 1 tannery, 5 grist m. 6 acad. 96 students, 12 sch. 384 scholars. Pop. whites 6,132, slaves 3,950, free col'd 2,541 ; total, 12,633. Queen Anne, p-v., Prince George's co., Md., 14 s. w. Annapolis, 26 W. Situated on the w. side of Patuxent r. Queens, county, X. Y. Situated toward the | w. part of Long Island, having Long Island sound j and the East r. on the n., and the Atlantic ocean on the s., and contains 3J6 sq. ms. The soil is a loam on the n., and a light sand on the s. part. When well cultivated, the soil is productive. The shore is deeply indented by bays and in- lets, and several small streams flow into the sound, and into the ocean. There is a light-house on Sand's point, on Long Island sound. Capital, >forth Hempstead. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,181, sheep 26,477, swine 21,518 ; wheat 97,741 bush, produced, rye 105,399, Ind. corn 336,401, buckwheat 64,Ov57, barley 3,5.)3, oats 348,447, potatoes 214,121; 83 stores, cap. $253,900; 13 lumber yards, cap. ,$25,050; 7 fulling m., 7 woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 1 rope fac, 1 distillery, 1 glass cutting establishment, 7 flouring m., 41 grist m., 17 saw m., 3 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $307,950. 1 college, 36 students, 8 acad. 429 students, 78 sch. 3,670 scholars. Pop. 30,324. QuEENSBOROUGH, p-v., Anderson dist., S. C, 113 w. N. w. Columbia, 529 W. QuEENSBURV, p-t., Warren co., N. Y., 57n. Al- bany, 429 W. The surface is undulating and hilly on the w. ; soil, sand and productive loam. Drained by Wood cr. on the n., and watered by Hudson r. on the s. It contains the v. of Glen's Falls. It has 25 stores, cap. $65,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 powder ra., 1 grist m., 9 saw m. (-"ap. in manufac. ,$8,600. 1 acad. 44 students, 22 sch. 918 scholars. Pop. 3,798. QuEENSDALE, p-v., Robeson CO., N. C, 110 s. s. w. Raleigh, 4t)6 W. QuEENSTowN, p-v., Queen Anne co., Md., 26 E. Annapolis, 66 W. Situated on the s. e. side of Chester bay. Queen's Grove, p-o., Switzerland co., la., 102 s. e. Indianapolis, 538 W. Quii.LiNsviLLE, p-v., Scott CO., Va., 351 w. by N. Richmond, 419 VV. QuiNcY, p-t., Norfolk co., Mass., 9 s. by E. Boston, 449 W. The surface is diversified ; soil, fertile and well cultivated. It contains large tracts of salt meadow. Three ms. back from the bay is an elevated range, in some parts rising over 60i) feet above the sea, containing an inex- haustible supply of excellent granite, which is extensively exported. A railroad extends from the quarry, 3 ms., to tidewater on Neponset r., constructed in 18i6, and was the first work of the kind in the United States. First settled in 1625. Separated from Braintree and chartered in 1792. Some vessels are owned here, employed chiefly in the fisheries. It has 15 store.s, cap. $27,600; 4 lumber yards, cap. $19,400 ; 2 tanneries, 1 print- ing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manu- fac $112,150. 8 acad. 137 students, 6 sch. 708 scholars. Pop. 3,486. QuiNCY, p-t., Franklin co., Pa., 57 s. w. Har- risburg, 83 W. It has 7 stores, cap. $22,300 ; 1 furnace, 3 forges, 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 6 flouruig m., 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $22,500. 8 sch. 258 scholars. Population 2,503. RAC 556 RAH QuixcY, p-v., Miami t., Logan co., O., 63 n. w. Columbus, 462 W. QuiNCY, p-t., Branch co., Midi., 104 vv. s. vv. Detroit, 533 W. Tiie soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 4 sch. 67 scholars. Pop. 49!. QuiNcY, p-v., capital of Gadsden co., Flor., 23 N. w. Tallahassee, 873 W. Situated on the vv. side of Attapulgus or. Laid out in 1S23, and contains a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Pres- byterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — and about 690 inhabitants. QuiNCY, p-v., Monroe co., Miss., 181 n. e. Jack- son, 912 W. QuiNCY, p-v., capital of Adams co.. 111., 104 s. Springfield, 884 W. Situated on a bluff, on the K. side of Mississippi r., 125 ms. above the mouth of Illinois r., by water, and contains a court house, which cost $20,000, 4 churches — 1 Congregation - alist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Baptist — 25 stores, a United States land office, a large steam flouring and saw m., a carding machine, about 200 dwellings, and 1,500 inhabitants. The court house stands on a fine public square. There are about 300 steamboat arrivals annually ; and pork is annually exported to the amount of S 100,000. QuiNCY, p-v., Gibson co.,Tenn., 144 w. Nash- ville, 827 W. Quitman, p-v., capital of Clark co., Miss., 140 E. by s. Jack.?on, 951 W. Situated on the e. side of Chickasawha r. It contains a court house, 2 stores, and 75 inhabitants. QuiNNEBAUG, r., Ct., rises in Mashapaug pond, in Union, Ct., and passes into Brimfield, Mass., where it receives a considerable branch, whence it proceeds s. e. until it re-enters Conn. Its course is then .s. 30 miles, until it unites with the She- tucket, 3 ms. above Norwich city. It has falls which afford great water power. QuiNNipiAc, r., Ct., rises in Farmington, and pursues a .southerly course, 30 ms, when it enters New Haven harbor,where a long bridge crosses it. QuoGUE, p-v., Southampton t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 235 s. s. E. Albany, 315 W. Situated on the s. side of Long Island, and contains 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, and a number of scattered dwell- ings. It is much resorted to in the summer for sea air and the abundance of game in the vicinity. R. Raby, p-o., Lawrence co., O. Rabun, county, Ga. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 330 sq. ms. The Blue Ridge passes along its E. border. Drained by Turoree and Chatuga rivers, and their branches, which unite in the s. point of the co., to form Tugaloo r. It is an elevated table land. Capi- tal, Clayton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,790, sheep 2,024, swine 8,526; wheat 1,452 bush, produced, rye 1,635, Ind. corn 62,521, oats 13,151, potatoes 4,734, tobacco 3,208 pounds; 3 stores, cap. $5,000; 1 tannery, 13 distilleries, 23 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 4 sch. 131 scholars. Pop. whites 1,823, slaves 81 ; total, 1,912. Racoon, t., Gallia co., O., 94 s. e. Columbus. Organized in 1806. Watered by Racoon cr. It has 5 stores, cap. $3,250 ; 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,200. Pop. 1,610. Racoon, island, p-o., Gallia co., O. Racoon, p-o.. Laurel co., Ky. Racoon, p-o.. Smith t., Washington co., Pa., 220 w. Harrisburg, 245 W. Racoon Ford, p-o., Culpepper co., Va., 98 n. N. w. Richmond, 89 W. Situated on the bank of Rapid Ann r., 15 ms. above its entrance into the Rappahannock. Racine, county. Wis. Situated in the s. E. part of the ter., and contains 610 sq. ms. Lake Michigan lies on its e. border. Drained by Des Plaines, Fox, Pike, and Root rivers. The surface is undulating ; soil, very fertile. Capital, Racine. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,506, sheep 340, swine 6,459 ; wheat 36,099 bush, produced, Ind. corn 30,168, buckwheat 3,4S1, barley 1,796, oats 41,028, potatoes 53,667, sugar 6,051 pounds; 2 commission houses, cap. $2,500 ; 19 stores, cap. $83,950 ; 2 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,837. 2 acad. 65 students, 20 sch. 607 scho- lars. Pop. 3,475. Racine, p-t., capital of Racine co.. Wis., 112 E. by s. Madison, ISO W. Situated at tlie mouth of Root r., on Lake Michigan. It contains a court house, jail, 10 stores, and about 300 inhabitants. There are in the t. 2 acad. 63 students. Popu lation 500. Race, at the e. end of Long Island sound, be- tween Connecticut shore and Long Island. A reef of deeply sunken rocks, when the tide, which is here rapid, is flow/ing, gives an agitated appear- ance to the water. Racket, r., N. Y., rises in Hamilton co., and flows in a northerly direction through St. Law- rence CO., and falls into the St. Lawrence at the N. boundary of the state, opposite to the island of Cornwall, in (Canada. It originates in numerous lakes and ponds, and is 145 ms. long. Racket, r., p-o., Plymouth co., Mass. Radnor, p-t., Delaware co., O., 32 n. Colum- bus, 416 W. It is principally settled by emi- grants from Wales, and received its name from a place in that country. It has 5 sch. 150 schol- ars. Pop. 1,174. Radnor, t., Delaware co., Pa., 13 n. w. Phila- delphia. Watered by Darby cr. It contains 3 churches. It has 3 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 1 lum ber yard, cap. $5,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,000. 3 sch. 122 scholars. Pop. 1,205. Ragdales Stand, p-o.. La Fayette co.. Miss., 144 N. N. E. Jackson, 927 W. Ragged, mts., N. H., is a precipitous range about 10 ms. long, between Merrimac and Graf- ton counties, in some parts nearly 2,000 feet high. Ragged Island,!., Lincoln co.. Me. Pop. 17. Rahway, p-t., Essex co., N. J., 9 s. w. New- ark, 39 n. e. Trenton, 205 W. The surface is level ; soil, red shale, and well cultivated. Drained by Rahway r. and its tributaries. The V. is partly in Woodbridge t., Middlesex co., and partly in Rahway t., Essex co., on both sides of Rahway r., at the head of tide, 5 miles from its mouth. The v. is in 4 detached parts, and con- tains 6 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 2 Friends, (1 orthodox and 1 Hick- site,) and 1 African — the Athenian Academy, with a building 6S feet long and 36 wide, 2 stones high, the Rahway Female Institute, a bank and insurance office, 30 stores, a large saw m., about 400 dwellings, and 2,000 inhabitants The railroad from Jersey City to Philadelphia passes through the place. There are in the t. 10 stores, cap. $21,100; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 paper fac, 14 flouring m., 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $355,525. 1 acad. 41 students, 7 sch. 244 scholars. Pop. 2,533. RAL 557 RAN Raibonf.'s Creek, p-o., Laurens dist., S. C, 78 w. N. w Columbus. Rail Roads. An account of these will be found under the .states in which they are located. Rail Road !Plain,s, p-o., White co., Tenn., 105 E. Nashville, 57G W. Rainesburg,p-v., Bedford co.. Pa., l]3w.Har- risbnrg, 129 W. It contains 2 stores and about 25 dwellings. Raine's Store, p-o., Twiggs co., Ga., 35 s. Milledgeville,683 W. Raine's Tavern, p-o., Cumberland co., Va., 65 w. Richmond, 155 W. Rainsboro', p-v.. Paint t.. Highland co., O., 77 s. w. Columbus, 432 W. Rainsville, p-v., Warren co., la., 90 n. w. Indianapolis, 651 W. Raisin, r., Mich., rises in Wheatland t., Hills- dale CO., and after a very winding course of 130 ms., it enters Lake Erie, 2i ms. below Monroe. The distance from its source to its moutli, in a direct line, is about 60 miles. It has high and beautiful banks, a rapid current, and affords very extensive water power. Its name was derived from the numerous grape vines which formerly lined its banks. Raisin, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich. Watered by Raisin r. The .soil is fertile, and well adapted to grain. It has 1 distillery, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$5,000. 1 acad. 27 students, 6 sch. 285 scholars. Pop. 1,117. Raisinville, t., Monroe co., Mich. It has a fertile soil, adapted to grain. Drained by Raisin r. It has 1 paper fac, 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- far. $37,000. 3 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 683. Raleigh, city. Wake co., N. C, and capital of the state, is pleasantly situated, a few miles w. of Neuse r., 27 n. w. Smithfield, the nearest ordi- nary point of navigation, 123 n. w. Newbern, 60 N. Fayetteville, 164 s. s. w. Richmond, Va., 288 W.— 35° 47' N. lat. and 78'' 48' w. Ion. It has an elevated and pleasant situation in a healthy coun- try, and is laid out with great regularity. In the centre of the place is Union square, containing 10 acres, from which extend 4 streets, dividing it into 4 quarters. In the centres of these quarters are 4 other squares, of 4 acres each. The 4 largest streets are 99 feet wide, and the others 66. The state house is a superb granite edifice, 166 feet long, 90 feet wide, and surrounded by mas- sive granite columns, 5i feet in diameter, and 30 feet high. It is after the model of the Parthenon at Athens. It has a splendid dome, and exten- sive legislative and other apartments, and cost $500,0!tO. The other public buildings are a court house, jail, governors house, secretary of state's ortice, a theatre, a market, 2 banks, 5 churches — I Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- tist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — and 400 dwellings. There were in 1840, 43 stores, cap. $191,200 ; 4 printing offices, 2 binderies, 5 week- ly and 1 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $36,800 ; 4 acad. 95 students, 2 .sch. 33 scholars. Pop. 2,244. The former state house, containing a beautiful marble statue of Washington, by Canova, was burned in 1831. Raleigh, p-v., capital of Shelby co., Tenn., 220 w. s. w. Nashville, 905 W. Situated on the N. side of Wolf r., and contains a court house, jail, 4 stores, and about 250 inhabitants. Raleigh, p-v., capital of Smith co.. Miss., 87 E. s. e. Jackson, 992 W. Situated on a branch of Leaf r. It contains a court hotise and about 50 inhabitants. Ralls, county, Mo. Situated toward the n. E. part of the state, and contains 470 sq. ms. The surface is undulating ; soil, fertile. Drained by Salt r. and its branches. Capital, New London. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,4iO, sheep 6,344, swine 17,245 ; wheat 23,954 bushels pro- duced, rye 1,.524, Ind. corn 240,225, oats 34,148, potatoes 9,366, tobacco 97,119 pounds; sugar 10,984; 9 stores, cap. $48,100; 4 tanneries, 7 dis- tilleries, 1 flouring m., 15 gri.st m., 11 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $33,960. 1 acad. 38 students, 9 sch. 243 scholars. Pop. whites 5,450, slaves 1,209, free col'd 11 ; total, 5,670. Ralston, p-o., Lycoming co., Pa., 115 n. Har- risburg, 225 W. Ramah, p-o., Wilkinson co., Ga. Ramapo, r., N. Y., rises in Orange co., and flows in a southerly direction through a part of Rock- land CO. into New Jersey, where it empties into the Passaic r. It affords good water power. Ramapo, t., Rockland co., N. Y., 8 w. New City v., 132 s. Albany. The surface is hilly and mountainous; soil, productive in the valleys. Drained by Ramapo and Saddle rivers, branches of the Passaic. The New York and Erie rail- road passes through the t. It has 8 stores, cap. $25,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 516 sp., 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 5 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,250. 8 sch. 315 schol- ars. Pop. 3,222. Ramapo Works, p-v., Ramapo t., Rockland CO., N. Y., 113 s. by w. Albany, 265 W. Situ- ated on Ramapo r., which affords water power. It contaiits 1 church, 1 store, 1 saw m., 1 grist m., 1 cotton fac, 1 iron foundry, 1 rolling m., 1 nail fac, 1 screw fac, and about 60 dwellings, chiefly inhabited by persons engaged in manulactories. Ramsaysburg, p-v., Knowlton t., Warren co., N. J., 61 N. by w. Trenton, 216 W. Situated on the e. bank of Delaware r., and contains an Epis- copal church, 1 store, and 10 or 12 dwellings. Ramsey's Mills, p-o., Jefferson co., la., 86 s. s. E. Indianapolis, 569 W. Ramsborough, p-v., Guilford co., N. C, 95 w. N. w. Raleigh, 290 W. Ranaleburg, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 174 s. w. Raleigh, 413 W. Rancocus, cr., N. J., rises in Monmouth co., and flows northwestwardly into Delaware r. Rancocus, p-o., Burlington co., N. J. Randallstown, p-v., Baltimore co., Md., 40 n. Annapolis, 50 W. Randallsville, p-v., Robeson co., N. C, 85 s. s. w. Raleigh, 373 W. Situated on a branch of Lumber r. In the vicinity is Floral College, an institution for young ladies. It contains 3 teach- ers and about 60 pupils. Randolph, county, Va. Situated toward the N. w. part of the state, and contains 2,060 sq. ms. Laurel and Cheat mountains run through the co., from s. to N., inclining to the e. Drained by Cheat r. and its branches, on the e. side of the mountains, and by branches of East Fork on the w. side, all of which constitute head branches of Monongahela r. Capital, Beverly. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,166, sheep 13,818, swine 9,349; wheat 27,212 bushels produced, rye 6,861, Ind. corn 151.009, buckwheat 5,039, oats 86,784, potatoes 29,732, tobacco 7,2S0 pounds, sugar 81,240; 10 sU)res, cap. $65,500; 5 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 42 grist m., 23 saw m. Cap. in man- u'ac. $27,259. 5 sch. 108 scholars. Pop. whites 5,799, slaves 216, free col'd 193 ; total, 6,208. Randolph, county, N. C. Situated a little E. of the centre of the state, and contains 900 sq. ms. Drained by Deep cr. and its branches, and by branches of Yadkin r. The surface is diver- sified; soil, fertile. Capital, Ashboro". There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,111, sheep 13,962, swine 25,529; wheat 78,095 bushels produced. RAN 558 RAN rye 1,952, Ind. corn 295,h28. oais 47,671, potatoes 9,607, tobacco 80,790 pounds, cot'on 81,533 ; 23 stores, cap. $47,3:10; 2 cotton fac. 1,156 sp., 16 tanneries, 40 distilleries, 2 potteries, 24 flouring m., 27 grist m., 33 saw m., 1 printing oflice, 1 periodical and 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $151,189. 2 acad. 65 student.s, 2 sch. 32 scholars. Pop. whites 11,107, slaves 1,407, free col'd 361 ; total, 12,875. Randolph, county, Ga. Situated toward the s. w. part of the state, and contains 620 sq. miles. Chattahoochee r. runs on its w. border, and re- ceives Petawlah cr. Drained also by branches of Flint r. Organized in 1828. Capital, Cuih- bert. Tliere were in 1810, neat cattle 4,834, sheep 327, swine 5,947 ; wheat 1,276 bushels produced, Ind. corn 63,740, oats 2,301, potatoes 6,513, cotton 327,067 pounds; 4 .stores, cap. $H,100; 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 3 sch. 97 scholars. Pop. whites 5,586, slaves 2,679, free col'd 1 1 ; total, 8,276. Randolph, county, Ala. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 875 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Tallapoosa r. and Little Tallapoosa r., and their branches. Capital, McDonald. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3S,234, sheep 3,356, swine 19,710 ; wheat 13,426 bushels produced, Ind. corn 918,997, oats 5,031, potatoes 21,541, to- bacco 2,239 pounds, cotton 240,540 ; 11 grist m., 5 saw m., 3 sch. 302 scholars. Pop. whites 4,446, slaves 526, free col'd 1 ; total, 4,973. R.\NDOLPH, county, la. Situated in the K. part of the state, and contains 440 sq. miles. Drained by the w. fork of White r., and by Mis- sisinewa r. and their branches. 'I'he surface is un- dulating; soil, very fertile. Organized in 1818. Capital, Winchester. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,564, sheep 11,444, swine 27,341 ; wheat 63,639 bushels produced, rye 2,626, Ind. corn 401,291, oats 115,J^46, potatoes 25,893, tobacco 8,325 pounds, sugar 167,782 ; 17 stores, cap. $27,800; 8 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2flouring m., 17 grist m., 20 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,080. 25 sch. 610 scholars. Pop. 10,6S4. Randolph, county, 111. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 540 square miles. Drained by Kaskaskia r. and its branches, and St. Mary, Horse, and smaller creeks, all of which flow into the Mississippi, which bounds it on the !3. w. The surface and the soil are various. It is the oldest county in the state, excepting St. Clair. Capital, Kaskaskia. There were in 1840, neat cattle, 1(5,847, sheep 7,688, swine 25,338 ; wheat 56,792 bushels produced, rye 1,042, Indian corn 301,342, oats 76,051, potatoes 18,177, tobacco 11, 174 pounds, cotton 5,776, sugar 719; 10 commission houses, cap. $51,000; 32 stores, cap. $78,820; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 6 flouring m., 8 grist m., 11 saw m., 2 printing offices. 2 weekly newspa- pers. Cap. in manufac. $89,150. 1 college 50 students, 1 acad. 25 students, 14 sch. 403 schol- ars. Pop. 7,944. Randolph, countj', Mo. Situated n. of the centre of the state, and contains 450 square ms. Drained by the e. fork of Chariton r., and by Sil- ver cr., which flow into the Missouri. The sur- face is level ; soil, fertile. Capital, Huntsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,369, sheep 9,443, swine 24,433 ; wheat 13,693 bush, produced, Ind. com 371,875, oats 77,172, potatoes 13,187, tobac- co 841,204 pounds, sugar 9,067 ; 20 stores, capital $83,300; 4 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 15 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $49,218. 25 sch. 655 scholars. Pop. whiles 5,749, slaves 1,437, free col'd 12 ; total, 7,198. Randolph, county, Ark. Situated in the n. E. part of the state, and contains 820 square ms. Drained by head branches of Big Black r. Cap- ital, Pocahontas. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 4,174, sheep 2,586, swine 12,454 ; wheat 5,S43 bush, produced, Ind. corn 86,170, oats 9,940, po- tatoes 5,761, tobacco 3,150 pounds, cotton 8,156 ; 6 stores, cap. .'ili3,950 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 8 distilleries, 9 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. ,§7,655. 25 schools 655 scholars. Pop. whites 1 ,973, slaves216, free colored 7; total, 2,196. Ra.ndolph, p-t., Coos CO., N. H., 99 n. Con- cord, 582 W. Situated immediately n. of the White mountains. Chartered in 1772. Drained by the s. branch of Ammonoosuc r., and by a head branch of Israel's r. It contains some good soil. It has I saw m. Cap. in manufac. $400. 3 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 115. Randolph, p-t,. Orange co., Vt., 23 s. Montpe- lier, 498 W. Tiie surface is elevated, and not much broken; soil, fertile, and well cultivated. Drained by the second and third branches of White r., which afford water power. The v. oc- cupies a high and commanding situation, and contains a Congregational church, a flourishing academy, several stores, and a considerable num- ber of handsome dwellings. There are in the t, 7 stores, capital $17,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $33,325. 1 acad. 181 students, 21 sch. 915 scholars. Pop. 2,678. Randolph, p-t., Norfolk co., Mass., 16 s. Bos- ton, 444 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, strong, and productive. Drained by Mantiquotr., which affords water power. A considerable pond lies on its n. w. border. Incorporated from Brain- tree in 1793. The v. is on an extended street, and contains a Congregational and a Baptist church, a number of stores, and about 100 dwell- ings. Two ms. E. is a v. which contains a Con- gregational and a Baptist church, and about 60 dwellings. There is a bank and a third Baptist church in the t. There are in the t. 20 stores, capital $96,400 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac $235,985. 1 acad. 90 students, 1 1 sch. 820 scholars. Pop. 3,213. Randolph, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 313 w. by s. Albany, 336 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, well adapted to grazing. Drained by Alleghany r. and its tributaries. The v. contains 1 church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., and several saw m., on Little Connewango cr., 35 dwellings, and about 250 in- habitants. There are in the t. 5 stores, capital $31,500; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 13 saw m. ('ap. in manuf. $292,200. 7 sch. 246 scholars. Pop. 1,283. Randolph, t., Crawford co.. Pa., 12 e. Mead- ville. It has 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,400, Pop. 1,040. Randolph, t., Morris co., N. J., 7 n. w. Mor- ristown. The surface is mountainous, Schooley's mountain occupying its n. part, and Trowbridge mountain crossing the s. part. Drained by Den's branch of Rockaway r. and the sources of Black r. It contains a mine of magnetic iron ore, of an excellent quality, which is extensively wrought. It has 7 stores, capital $20,400; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $19,570. 7 sch. 267 scholars. Pop. 1,801. Randolph, p-v., Madison co., Tenn., 201 w. s. w. Nashville, 884 W. Randolph, p-t.. Portage co., O., 139 n. e. Co- lumbus, 315 W. It has 8 sch. 435 scholars. Pop, 1,619. Randolph, p-o., Bibb co., Ala., 52 s, e. Tus- caloosa, 819 W. Randolph, p-o., Natchitoches par.. La., 388 N. w. by w. New Orleans, 1,307 W, RAR 559 RAY Randolph, p-v., Randolph cc, la., 83 e. n. e. Indianapolie, 499 W. Randolph's Store, p-c, McLean cc, 111., 76 N. E. Springfield, 751 W. Range, t., j>Iadison co., O. It contains Midway V. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,300 ; I tannery. Cap. in manufac. $800. 7 sch. 324 scholars. Pop. 820. Rankl^i, county, Miss. Situated a little s. ol' the centre of the state, and contains 800 sq. rns. Pearl river bounds it on the w., by branches of which it is drained. The surface is covered ex- tensively by a pine forest. Capital, Brandon. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,379, sheep 1,282, swine 25,797 ; Ind. corn 176,520 bush, produced, oats 9,412, potatoes, 25,125, rice 18,920 pounds, cotton 1,356,400; 8 stores. Pop. whites 2,777, slaves 1,851, free col'd 3 ; total, 4,631. Ransom".s Bridge, p-o., Nash co., N. C, 56 e. Raleigh, 282 W. Ransomville, p-o.. Porter t., Niagara co., N. Y., 290 w. by n. Albany, 416 W. Rapjioe, t., Lancaster co., Pa., 12 n. w. Lan- caster. Great Chiques or. bounds it on the e. and s. E., and Little Chiques on the w., uniting at the s. w. angle of the t. The surface is roll- ing; soil, calcareous loam, gravel, and sand. It has 12 stores, cap. $36,900; 3 fulling ra., 2 fur- naces, 2 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 8 grist m., 5 saw m. Capital in manufac. $28,500. 16 sch. 638 scholars. Pop. 3,557. Rapid Ann, r.. Va., rises in the Blue Ridge, in Madison co., and joins the Rappahannock 10 ms. above Fredericksburg. Rapid Ann, p o., Madison co., Va., 104 n. w. Richmond, l(/5 W. Rapides, parish. La. Situated near the centre of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Drained by Red r. and its branches, and by Boeuf and Crocodile bayous. The soil is fertile on the streams, but rnucli of it is a sterile pine forest. Some part of it is liable to inundation when the rivers are high. Capital, Alexandria. There were in 1840, neat cattle 19,706, sheep 4,350, swine 31,065 ; Ind. corn 456,850 bush, produced, oats 3,043, potatoes 44,752, cotton 16,527,810 pounds ; 25 stores, capital $231,350 ; 9 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $79,350. 1 college 29 students, 4 acad. 136 students. Pop. whites 3,243, slaves 10,511, free col'd 370; total, 14,132. Rapids, p-o.. Portage co., O., 157 n. e. Colum- bus, 320 W. Rappahannock, r.,Va., rises in the Blue Ridge, and flowing a s. e. course 130 ms. enters Chesa- peake bay by a large estuary, 25 miles .s. of the mouth of the Potomac r. It has 4 fathoms of water to Hobbs' Hole, and is navigable for ves- sels requiring 10 feet of water 110 ms. to Fred- ericksburg. Rappahannock, county, Va. Situated toward the N. E. part of the state, and contains 100 square ms. Drained by head branches of Rappahannock r. Capital, Washington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,257, sheep 13,195, swine 18,480; wheat 179,850 bush, produced, Ind. corn 309,950, buckwheat 4,784, oats 93,794, potatoes 24,274, tobacco 4,900 pounds; 15 stores, cap. $93,200 ; 3 tanneries, 20 flouring m., 38 grist m., 32 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,700. 3 acad. 49 students, 15 sell. 453 scholars. Pop. whites 5,307, slaves 3,663, free cold 287; total, 9,257. Rappahannock Acade.mv, p o., Carohne co., Va., 79 N. by e. Richmond, 73 W. Raritan Bay, N. .1., lies between Sandy Hook on the s. e., Staten island on the n., and Mon- mouth CO. on the s. It terminates at Amboy on the vv., to which it has 2i fathoms of water. Raritan, r., N. J., is formed of 2 branches, which unite in Somerset co., and enters Raritan bay at Amboy. Sloops of 80 tons ascend the r. 17 ms. to Brunswick, with 8 leet of water. Steam- boats run daily from New Brunswick to New York. Raritan, t., Hunterdon co., N. J., 20 n. Tren- ton. Drained by branches of Raritan r. It ha.s 9 stores, cap. $30,300 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 2 printing offices, 2 vveekly newspapers, 4 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil ni. Cap. in manufac. $14,400. 15 sch. 351 scholars. Pop. 2,510. Rathbunville, p-o., Addison t., Steuben co., N. Y., 233 w. by s. Albany, 298 W. Raubsville, po., Northampton co., Pa., 110 E. .N. e. Harrisburg, 197 W. Ravenna, p-t., capital of Portage co., O., 140 N. E. Columbus, 319 W. Watered by a head branch of Beaver cr., which flows ultimately to the Gulf of Mexico, and by a branch of Cuya- hoga r., which flows into Lake Erie, both of which afford water power. The v. is pleasantly situated on a plain, near the branch of the Cuya- hoga r., and contains an elegant court house, of stone, a jail, a female seminary, 3 churches, 8 or 10 stores, and many handsome dwellings. The streets cross each other at right angles, and the court house stands on a public sguare. The Pennsylvania and Ohio canal passes through the s. part of the v., and affords water power, and great facilities for business. There are in the t. 9 sch. 371 scholars. Pop. 1,542. Ravenswood, p-o., Jackson co., Va., 367 w. N. w. Richmond, 339 W. R.vvENswooD, v., Newtown t.. Queens co., N. Y. Situated on the East r., opposite to Black- well's island. It contains about 20 dwellings and 125 inhabitants. Steamboats from New York stop here daily several times. Rawlingsuurg, p-v., Rockingham co., N. C, 103 N. vv. Raleigh, 268 W. Rawlingsville, p-v., De Kalb co., Ala., 153 N. E. Tuscaloosa, 661 W. Ravv.sonville, v., Broadalbin t., Fulton co., N. Y. Situated on Fonda's Bush creek, and con- tains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 5 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw ra., 1 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 paper m., 2 tanneries, 60 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. Rawsonvili.e, p-v., Washtenaw co., Mich., 36 w. Detroit, 522 W. Ravvley's Springs, a watering place, Rock- ingham CO., Va. Situated 12 miles n. w. of Har- risonburg, on Dry r. There are accommodations for from 60 to 100 persons in the summer season. Ray, county, 3Io. Situated toward the n. w. part of the state, and contains 570 square miles. Drained by Crooked r. and Fishing cr., which flow into the Missouri, which bounds it on the s. Capital, Richmond. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,925, sheep 6,702, swine 25,909; wheat 15,234 bush, produced, Indian com 271,000, oats 65,793, potatoes 45,600, tobacco 61,700 pounds ; 15 stores, cap. ,$62,000; 2 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 8 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $38,050. 10 sch. 206 scholars. Pop. whites 4,714, slaves 831, free col'd 5 ; total, 6,553. Ray, p-t., Macomb co., Mich., 37 n. e. Detroit, 562 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 10 sch. 298 scholars. Pop. 805. Rayburn's, p-o., Panola co., Aliss. Raymertown, p-o., Pittstown t., Rensselaer CO., N. Y., 21 N. e. Albany, 339 W. Raymond, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 59 s. w. Augusta, 56 1 W. Sebago pond lies on its s. w. border. There is another large pond on its s. E. part, and a considerable pond in its n. w. part, REA 560 REA both of which have outlets entering Sebago pond. Incorporated in 1803. It has 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 4 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $5,500. 19 sch. 488 scholars. Pop. 2,032. Raymond, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 24 e. s. E. Concord, 472 W. Watered by Lamprey r. and its branches. Incorporated in 1765. The soil on tlie streams is productive. It has 9 sch. 303 scholars. Pop. 989. Raymo.nd, p-v., capital of Hinds co., Miss., 18 w. Jackson, 1,023 W. Situated on a small branch of Pearl r., and contains a court house, several neat dwellings, and about 400 inhabit- ants. Raymond, p-v., Clarke co.. Ark., 66 s. w. Lit- tle Rock, 1,131 W. Raymond's, p-o., Union co., O., 66 n. w. Co- lumbus, 456 W. Raymond's Mills, p-o., Venango co.. Pa., 218 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 292 W. Raymondsville, p-o., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 246 N. N. w. Albany, 516 W. Raynham, t., Bristol co., Mass. First settled in 1650, chartered in 1731, having before been a part of Taunton. The surface is level ; soil, light. Watered by Taunton r. on its s. border, which afTords water power. The first forge in America was erected in this t. in 1652, and iron is now manufactured. It contains 3 churches — I Congregational, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Baptist. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $27,828. 7 sch. 353 scholars. Pop. 1,329. Raynortown, v., Hempstead t.. Queens co., N. Y. Situated near Hempstead bay, and con- tains 1 Presbyterian church, 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Ray's Hill, p-o., Bedford co., Pa., 86 w. Har- risburg, 1 12 W. Raytown, p-v., Taliaferro co., Ga., 61 n. e. Milledgeville, 612 W. Raywick, p-o., Marion co., Ky., 69 s. s. w. Frankfort, 591 W. Readfield, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 12 w. Augusta, 604 W. A large pond in the s. part lies partly in Winthrop, and it has a considerable pond in its w. part, both of which flow through other ponds into Cobbcsseconte r., and through that into the Kennebec r. It is a fine farming t. with a fertile soil. The " Maine Wesleyan Seminary," incorporated in 1822, is located here. It has 7 stores, cap. $12,800; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $6,125. 2 acad. 320 students, 12 sch. 700 scholars. Pop. 2,037. Readfield, t., Oswego co., N. Y., 15 e. Pu- laski, 131 Albany. The surface is undulating; soil, moist loam, well adapted to grass. Drained by Salmon r. and its tributaries. It has 1 fur- nace, 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,700. 5 sch. 135 schol- ars. Pop. 507. Reading, pt., Windsor co., Vt., 61 s. Mont- pelier, 478 W. The surface is elevated, uneven and mountainous ; soil, well adapted to grazing. Watered by branches of Queechee and Black rivers, and by Mill r. It has 5 stores, cap. $16,000; 4 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,905. 15 sch. 403 scholars. Pop. 1,336. Reading, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 12 n. Boston, 452 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, generally fertile. Drained by Ipswich r. In- corporated in 1644. The v. contains 1 Congre- gational and I Unitarian church, several stores, and about 30 dwellings, la llie n. part of the t. is another Congregational, and a Baptist church. It has considerable manufactures of boots, shoes, cabinet ware and chairs. It has 12 stores, cap. $21,150; 4 forges, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac $70,475. 1 acad. 71 stu- dents, 9 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 2,193. Reading, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 15 n. w. Bridge- port, 79 s. w. Hartford, 284 W. The surface is di- versified with hills and valleys ; soil, generally fer- tile. Watered by Saugatuck and Norvvalk rivers. It contains 4 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 Congregational, and 1 Baptist. There is a town house near the centre, where are the Congre- gational and Methodist churches. Joel Barlow, LL. D., was born here in 1755. It has 6 stores, cap. $32,600; 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,220. 1 acad. 9 students, 9 sch. 259 scholars. Pop. 1,674. Reading, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 21 e. Bath, 194 w. by s. Albany, 305 W. The surface is ele- vated and rolling ; soil, clay and calcareous loam, well adapted to wheat. Seneca lake bounds it on the e., into which a few small streams flow, by which it is drained. It has 5 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 2 tanneries, 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,050. 13 sch. 564 scholars. Pop. 1,541. Reading, p-b., capital of Berks co.. Pa., 57 n. w. Philadelphia, 52 e. Harrisburg, 145 W. Situ- ated on the E. bank of Schuylkill r., 1 m. below the mouth of Tulpehocken cr. Laid out in 1748, by Thomas and Richard Penn, proprietaries and governors of the province. The streets are spa- cious and straight, crossing each other at right angles, 5 running e. and w. and 9 n. and s. There is a square in the centre, on which stands a splendid court house, 200 feet long by 220 deep, and cost $59,000. There are also public offices, a jail, 3 iDanks, an academy, 3 public li- braries, 1 in German, a female seminary, 12 churches — 1 Lutheran, 1 German Reformed, 1 Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Metho- dist, 1 Friends, 1 Universalist, 1 Roman Catholic, and 3 African — and about 1,365 dwellings. Fifty-five thousand dozens of hats are manufac- tured annually, for the southern and western markets. Seven weekly newsjiapers are issued, 2 of them in German, one of which last has been published for 40 years, with a large circulation. A rolling m. can roll 3,500 tons of bar iron, and 1,500 tons of nails can be manufactured annually. The fires are exclusively of anthracite coal. White wines of an excellent quality are made to the amount of 100 barrels annually Two fine covered bridges cross the Schuylkill, here 600 foet wide, one of which cost $60,000. The Schuylkill and Union canal meet here, and the Philadelphia and Reading railroad passes through the place. It is abundantly supplied with spring water in pipes. Iron ore and limestone are found in the vicinity. It had in 1840, 23 stores, cap. $161,600 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $60,000 ; 1 forge, 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 breweries, 1 pottery, 1 prhiting office, 5 weekly newspapers, 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $66,750. Pop. 8,410. Reading, t., Adams co.. Pa., 13 N.Gettysburg. The surface is level ; soil, red shale and slate. Drained by Conewago cr. and Muddy run, a branch of Bermudian cr. It contains the v. of Berlin, on Conewago cr. It has 2 stores, cap. ,$1,000; 1 tannery, 2 potteries. Cap. in manu- fac. $5,450. 3 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 1,026. Reading, p-v.. Sycamore t., Hamilton co., O., 9 n. C^incinnati, 105 s. w. by w. Columbus, 489 W. Situated 1 m. w. of the Miami canal, at Reading Locks. Reading, t.. Perry co., O. It contains Somer- set v., the capital of the co., and New Reading RED 561 RED and Perry villages. It has 1 store, cap. !53,(K)0 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pollery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,oOO. 1 sch. 74 scholars. Pop. 193. Rkading, p t., Hillsdale co., Mich., 108 w. s. w. Detroit, 544 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Drained by Little St. Joseph's r. It has 4 sch. 78 scholars. Pop. 331. Re.^ding Ridge, p-v., Reading t., Fairfield co., Ct., 66 s. w. Hartford, 284 W. Situated in the K. part of the t., and contains an Episcopal church, and a number of dwellings. Reading Town House, p-v., Reading t., Fair- field CO., Ct., 68 s. \v. Hartford, 286 W. Situated near the centre of the, t., and contains a town house, 2 churches, and a few dwellings. Readington, p-t., Hunterdon co., N. J., 8 n. E. Flemington. The surface is hilly, excepting in the s. E., where it is level ; soil, red shale, clay, and loam. Drained by llockaviay cr. and ils branches, and by the s. branch of Raritan r. It contains White House and Pottcrstown vil- lages. It has y stores, cap. §17,100; 3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 6 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $2,825. 11 sch, 306sclil's. Pop. 2,373^ Readyville, p-v., Rutherford co., Tenn,, 47 s. E. Na.shville, 652 W. Situated on a branch of Cumberland r. Reamsville, p-v., Cocalico t., Lancaster co., Pa., 42 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 131 W. it contains several stores, and about 40 dwellings. Rebecca Fukxace. p-o., Boiteiourt co., Va., 171 w. Richmond, 218 W. Situated on a branch of James r., 3^ ms. from it, which is navigable thus far for boats of from 4 to 7 tons. The fur- nace here employs 150 persons, more than half of whom are blacks. There is a wiiite sulphur spring in the vicinity. Redersburg, p-v.. Miles t., Centre co., Pa., 93 N. w. Harrisburg, 184 VV. It contains a store, and about 20 dwellings. Recklesstow.n, p-v., Chesterfield t., Burling- ton CO., N. J., 10 S.Trenton, 171 W. It contains u store, and about 12 dwellings. Rector.s Crcss Roads, p-o., Fauquier co., Va., 130 N. by w. Richmond, 51 W. Rectortown, p-v., Fauquier co., Va., 122 n. by w. Richmond, 59 VV. Situated 1 m. s. e. of Goose cr., and contains 1 Melhoilist church, 2 stores, 3 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 carding machine, 24 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. Red Bank, p-v., Shrewsbury t., Monmouth CO., N. J., 46 E. Trenton. Situated on the s. bank of Neversink r., and contains 5 stores, and about 100 dwellings. A steamboat runs between it and New York in the summer season ; and many persons resort here for sea air, fisiiing, and rural sports, and find accommodation in the houses of the respectable farmers. A bridge 300 feet long crosses tlie r. at this place. Red Bank, p-t.. Clarion co., Pa., 190 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 256 \V. The surface is rolling: soil, loam. Drained by Red Bank. Mahoning and Beaver creeks. Alum is lour.d in the t. It has 6 stores, cap. $8,400 ; 1 distillery, 1 pot- tery, 5 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. 810,190. 24 sch. 836 scholars. Pop. 3,078. Red Bank, p-o., Colleton dist., S. C, 88 Co- lumbia, 594 W. Red Banks, p-o., Shenandoah co., Va., 150 n. w. Richmond, 113 W. Red Bluff, p-o., Wythe co., Va., 255 w. by s. Richmond, 323 W. Red Bridge, p-o., Hawkins co., Tenn., 236 e. Nashville, 446 VV. Red Clay, p-o., Murray co., Ga. Red Creek, p-o.. Wayne co., N. C, 186 s. e. Raleigh, 336 W. Reddington, p-v., Jackson co., la., ho s. Indianapolis, 591 W. Reddy's River, Wilkes co., N. C, 185 w. by N. Raleigh, 3S2 W. Redfield, p-f., Oswego CO., N. Y., 139 w. n. w. Albany, 402 W. The surface is undulating; soil, moist loam, well adapted to grass. Drained by Salmon r. and its tributaries. It has 1 fur- nace, 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,700. 5 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 507. Redford, p-v., Saranac t., Clinton co., N. Y., 185 .\. Albany, 560 W. Situated on the n. side of Saranac r., and contains 1 church, 3 stores, an extensive glass fac, 80 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. Iron ore is found in the vicinity. Redford, p-t., Wayne co., Mich., 13 n. w. Detroit, 537 VV. Watered by the n. branch of Rouge r. and Powers cr. The v. is situated on the w. bank of Rouge r., which affords water power, and contains 1 store, 1 flouring ni., 2 saw m., and a number of dwellings. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $1,800; 1 grist m., 6 saw m., 12 sch. 383 scholars. Pop. 1,108. Red Hill, a sununit in 3Ioultonborough t., Grafton co., N. H., is situated a little n. of Win- nipiseogee lake, and commands an extensive and fine view of that romantic region. Red Hill, p-o., Korshaw'dist., S. C, 49 n. e. Columbia, 488 W. Red Hill, p-o., Murray co., Ga., 198 n. w. 3Iilledgeville, 623 \V. Red Hill, p-o., 3Iarshall co., Ala., 120 n. e. Tuscaloosa, 718 W. Red Hill, p-o., Granger co., Tenn., 218 e. Nashville, 438 W. Red Hook, p-t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 22 n. Poughkeepsie, 49 s. Albany, 321 W. The sur- face is rolling ; soil, clay and loam. Hudson river bounds it on the w. A few small streams flow into the Hudson. It has 2 landings, called Lower Red Hook and Upper Red Hook. Lower Red Hook v. is situated 3 ms. e. of the landing, and contains 1 Dutch Reformed church, 4 stores, 50 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. Upper Red Hook v. is 4 ms. s. s. E. of the upper landing, and contains 1 Dutch Reformed church, an acad- emy, 3 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 300 inhab- itants. There are in the t. 1 1 stores, cap. $26,000 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. §7,500 ; 1 tannery, 7 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,800. 1 acad. 33 students, 5 sch. 155 scholars. Pop. 2,829. Red House, p-o.. Charlotte co., V^a., 103 w. s. w. Richmond, 193 VV. Red House, p-o., Caswell co., N. C, 69 n. w. Raleigh, 255 W. Red House Shoals, p-o., Mason co., Va., 377 VV. N. w. Richmond, 374 W. Red Lion, p-v., and hundred, New Castle co., Del., 35 N. Dover, 122 VV^. The v. i.s situated on Red Lion cr., which derives its name from the principal tavern. There are in the h. 5 stores, cap. $23,000 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $3,000. Cap. in manufac. $3,450. 3 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 1,401. Red Lion, p-o.. Clear Creek t., VV'arren co., O., 90 s. w. Columbus, 474 VV. It contains 1 store, several mechanic sliops, and about 75 inhabitants. Red 3Iills, p-o., Carmel t., Putnam co., N. Y., 107 s. Albany, 280 VV. Red iMouND, p-o., Henderson co., Tenn., 114 w. s. w. Nashville, 799 VV. Red Mountain, p-o.. Orange co., N. C, 39 n. w. Raleigh, 265 W. Red Oak, p-o., Columbia co., Ga., 101 e. n. e. MiUedgeviOe, 589 W, RED 562 REI Red Oak Grove, p-o., Charlotte co., Va., 112 s. w. Richmond, 210 W. Red Plains, p-o., Surry co., N. C, 123 w. n. w. Raleigh, 336 W. Red, r.. La., Ark., &c., is the first large r. which enters the Mississippi above its mouth, and rises at the base of the range of the Rocky mountains, near Santa Fe, in Mexico. It is Ibrmed by sev- eral head branches, and receives several tributa- ries, the largest of which are Blue r. and False Washita. The s. bank of it forms, for a great dis- tance, the boundary between the United States and Texas. A greater part of its course is through rich prairies of a red soil, which colors the water of the r., and has been the origin of its name. Its shores are covered with grass, and abound with grape-vines, which produce an excellent fruit. About 100 ms. above Natchitoches commences what is denominated the Raft, which consists of a swampy expansion of the r. to the width of 20 or 30 ms., and has a length of 60 or 70 ms. The r. divides into a great number of channels, many of which are shallow, and these ciiannels have been obstructed by fallen trees, brought down by floods from its upper parts. In some places, the raft covered the whole r., and had grass and willows growing on the alluvial soil collected on it, and could be even crossed on horseback, though not without danger. But more generally the r. appeared between the mas.ses of timber. At a great expense, this raft has been so far re- moved by the U. S. government, that steamboats pass through it. Boats sometimes pass the raft by leaving the r. above it, in a channel which flows out of it into some neighboring lake, and following the outlet of this lake, until it joins the r. below the raft. This raft has been a serious obstruction, as the r. would otherwise be naviga- ble for steamboats 400 ms., and the lands on its borders are highly fertile, and desirable for culti- vation for a great distance above the raft. Below the raft, and 4 ms. above Natchitoches, the whole volume of the r. is again united, but very soon divides into many channels, and fills an immense number of bayous and lakes, that lie parallel to it. In its lower parts, the main channel of the r. is narrower than above the raft. Red River, t., Lafayette co., Ark. Pop. 631. Red River, t., White co., Ark. It has 2 grist m. Red River, p-o., Robertson co., Tenn., 36 n. Nashville, 718 W. Red River Iro.m Works, p-v., Estell co., Ky., 74 s. E. Frankfort, 529 W. Situated s. side of Red r., and contains 75 inhabitants. Red Rock, p-o., Wayne co., Fa., 179 n. e. Har- risburg, 276 W. Red Shoals, p-o., Stokes co., N. C, 135 w. n. w. Raleigh, 323 W. Redstone, t., Fayette co.. Pa. It has 1 wool- len fac, 1 distillery, 1 paper fac, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,695. 2 sch. 59 scholars. Pop. 1,159. Red Sulphur Springs, pv., Monroe co., Va., 249 w. Richmond, 286 W. Situated on Indian cr., 40 ms. s. w. of White Sulphur Springs. It flows from a rock into a quadrangular reservoir, compo.sed of 4 slabs of while marble, tlie lower edges of which rest upon the rock from which the water flows. The reservoir is 6 feet long, 5 wide, and 4i deep, and a red substance covers the bottom and the lower part of the sides, giving to the water a red tinge. The water is clear and cool, has a temperature of 51° of Fahrenheit, and is charged with sulphuretted hydrogen gas, and several neutral salts. It is on a triangular plain, surrounded by mountains, and is covered by an octagon building, the second story of which is used as a chapel. There are 2 large hotels, and 3 rows of cabins of 2 rooms each, for the accom- modation of families. The hotels are well kept. Redwood, p-v., Alexandria t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 18S N. w. Albany, 440 W. Situated at the head of Butterfield lake, and contains 2 stores, 1 large glass fac, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 35 dwell- ings, and about 200 inhabitants. Redwood Grove, p-o., E. Baton Rouge par., La. Reed, t., Seneca co., O. It has 1 store. Cap. in manufac. $690. 8 sch. 259 scholars. Pop. 1,214. Reedsborougii, t., Bennington co., Vt., 12 s. E. Bennington, 18 s. w. Brattleboro'. The sur- face is mountainous, being in the Green moun- tain range, and much of it is unfit for cultivation. Watered by Deerfield r. and a considerable branch, which afford water power. The turn- pike from Bennington to Brattleboro', across the mountain, passes through its n. part. It has 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $41,750. 4 sch. 127 scholars. Pop. 767. Reedsborough City, p-v., Reedsboro' t., Ben- nington CO., Vt., 147 Montpelier, 416 W. Reedsburg, p-o.. Plain t., Wayne co., O., 86 N. N. e. Columbus, 355 W. Reed's Corners, p-o., Canandaigua t., Ontario CO., N. Y. Reed's Creek, p-o., Lawrence co., Ark., 110 N. E. Little Rock, 1,027 W. Reeds Mills, p-o., Jackson co., O., 77 s. s. e. Columbus, 373 W. Reedtown, p-o.. Reed t., Seneca co., O., 86 n. Columbus, 408 W. Reedy Creek, p-o., Sullivan co., Tenn., 283 E. Nashville, 395 W. Reedy Spring, p-o., Campbell co., Va., 106 w. s. w. Richmond, 192 W. Reform, p-o., Effingham co., Ga., 128 e. s. e. Mil ledge ville, 677 W. Reform, p-o., Pickens co., Ala. Rf.gniers Mills, p o., Aurelius t., Washington CO., O., 106 e. s. e. Columbus, 307 W. Rehoboth, p-t., Bristol co., Mass., 40 s. by w. Boston, 413 W. The situation is pleasant, and the soil adapted to tillage. Watered by Pal- mer's r., which affords water power. It contains 5 churches — 2 Baptist, 1 Congregational, 1 Re- formed Methodist, and 1 Christian. It has 5 stores, cap. $6,600 ; 2 cotton fac. 1,810 sp , 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,100. 15 sch. 324 scholars. Pop. 2,169. Rehoboth, p-v., Somerset co., Md. Rehoboth, p-v., Lunenburg co., Va., 85 s. w. Richmond, 204 W. Rehoboth, p-v., Edgefield dist., S. C, 80 w. Columbia, 558 W. Rehoboth, p-v., Wilkes co., Ga., 83 n. e. Mil- ledgeville, 576 W. Rehoboth, p-v.. Perry co., O., 51 e. by s. Co- lumbus, 358 W. It contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 2 tobacco warehouses, 1 carding machine, about 51) dwellings, and 300 inhabitants. Rehoboth Village, p-v., Rehoboth t., Bris- tol CO., Mass., 44 Boston, 409 W. Rehobothv ille, p-v., Morgan co., Ga., 66 n. N. w. Milledgeville, 623 W. Rehrersburg, p-v., Tulpehocken t., Berks CO., Pa., 55 E. llarrisburg, 165 W. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Lutheran church, 3 stores, and about 50 dwellings. Reidsburg, p-v., Armstrong co.. Pa., 187 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 264 W. Reid Island, p-o., Pulaslu co., Va. REN 563 RHl Reids Store, p-o., Copiah co., Miss., 52 s. s. E. Jackson, 1,062 W. Reidsville, p-o., Bern t, Albany co., N. Y., 18 w. Albany, 372 W. Reidsville, p-v.. Rockingham co., N. C, 108 N. w. Raleigh, 277 W. Reidsville, p-v., capital of Tatnall co., Ga., 162 s. E. Milledgeville, 773 W. Situated on the w. side of the Great Ohoopee river, and con- tains a court house, a store, and about 30 inhabit- ants. Reiley, p-o., Butler co., O., Ill w. s. w. Co- lumbus, 503 W. Rei.vholdsville, p-v., Lancaster co.. Pa., 41 E. s. e. Harrisburg, 139 W. Reistertown, p-v., Baltimore co., Md., 17 n. w. Balliinore, 46 n. Annapolis, 56 W. Situated a few ms. e. of the Patapsco river, and contains about 100 inhabitants. Remsen, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 18 n. Utica, 100 w. N. vv. Albany, 405 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, moderately good. Drained by Black r. The v. contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 60 dwell- ings, and about 450 inhabitants. It has 6 stores, capital $58, (00; 1 tannery, I grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,575. 13 sch. 600 scholars. Pop. 1,638. Renick's Valley, p-o., Greenbrier co., Va. Rensselaer, county, N. Y. Situated in the E. part of the state, and contains 626 square ms. Organized in 1791. It is bounded by Hudson r. on the w. The surface is hilly, interspersed with extensive and fertile valleys. Drained by Hoosic r., Poestenkill, and Wynantskill, all flow- ing into Hudson r., and affording water power. The Albany and West Stockbridge railroad com- mences at Greenbush v., and a branch of it is e.x- tending to Troy, to connect with railroads to Schenectady and Saratoira. Capital, Troy. There were in 1840, neat cattle 32,174, sheep 134,864, swine 27,916; wheat 21.454 bush, produced, rye 247,703, Indian corn 329,193, buckwheat 54,767, barley 9,488, oats 810,333, potatoes 759,346, hops 2,500 pounds, sugar 30,548 ; 44 commercial and 13 commission houses, cap. $2,274,621 ; 403 stores, cap. $1,311,913 ; 19 lumber yards, cap. $206,000 ; 4 furnaces, 8 forges, 16 fulling m., 13 woollen fac, 21 cotton fac. 54.035 sp., 3 rope fac, 22 tan- neries, 1 distillery, 4 breweries, 2 powder m , 1 glass fac, 1 pottery, 18 flouring m., 37 grist m., 106 saw m., 8 oil m., 4 paper fac, 6 printing offices, 1 periodical, 2 daily, 4 weekly, I semi- weekly newspapers. Capital in manufactures $3,351,233. 12 acad. 546 students, 239 schools 11,512 scholars. Pop. 60,259. Re.nsselaer, v.. Sand Lake t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 17 s. e. Troy. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist— 3 stores, 1 glass fac, and several saw m. in the vicinity. Rensselaer, p-v., capital of Jasper co., la. Situated on Iroauois r. Rensselaerville, p-t., Albany CO., N. Y.,26 •w. Albany, 369 W. The surface is hilly, and portions of the Catskill mountains e.vtend into it ; soil, sandy loam, and generally very fertile. Drained by Catskill and Foxes creeks. The v. is situated on Foxes cr., and contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 7 stores, 3 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clo- thier's works and carding machine, 1 furnace, 1 machine shop, 1 tannery, 150 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabiiants. There are in the t. 22 stores, cap. $49,550 ; 1 fullmg m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 9 tanneries, 3 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $144,300. 1 acad. 55 students, 20 sch. 1,138 scholars. Pop. 3,705. Republic, p-o., Scipio t., Seneca co., O. Republica.n, p-o., Westmoreland t., Oneida CO., N. Y. Republica.v, p-o., German t., Darke co., 0.,91 w. Columbus, 417 W. Republican, p-o., Columbia co., Ga., 73 E. N. E. Milledgeville, 612 W. Republican Grove, p-o., Halifax co., Va., 140 s. w. Richmond, 227 W. Reservation, p-o., Alden t., Erie co., N. Y., 272 w. Albany, 378 W. Reserve, t., Alleghany co.. Pa. It has 2 tan- neries, 1 paper fac. C'ap. in manufac. $46,000. 3 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 1,443. Retreat, p-o., Franklin co., Va., 189 w. s. w. Richmond, 264 W. Reullurd, p-o., Carroll co., Tenn., 105 w. Nashville, 790 W. Rexburg, p-o., Essex co., Va., 58 N. e. Rich- mond, 104 W. Re.xford Flats, p-o., Clifton Park t., Sarato- ga CO., N. Y., 21 N. w. Albany, 339 W. Reynoldsburg, p-v., Truro t., Franklin co., O., 11 E. Columbus, 332 W. Situated on the e. bank of Black Lick cr., which afTords good water power. Organized in 1831, and contains 2 church- es, 3 stores, about 50 dwellings, and 300 inhabit- ants. Reynoldsburg, p-v., capital of Humphrey's CO., Tenn., 69 w. Nashville, 753 W. Situated on the e. side of the Tennessee r. It contains a court house, jail, 8 stores, and 200 inhabitants. Reynoldsville, p-v.. Hector t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 178 w. by s. Albany, 311 W. It contains 1 Methodist church, I store, 1 saw m., 1 tannery^ 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Rhea, county, Tenn. Situated toward the s. E. part of the state, and contains 440 square ms. Drained by branches of Tennessee river, which bounds it on the e. Capital, Washington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,156, sheep 2,843, swine 13.386; wheat 19,648 bush, produced, rye 3,851, Indian corn 248,477, oats 44,760, potatoes 5,689, tobacco 5,305 pounds, cotton 8,741 ; 6 stores, cap. $21,500; 1 forge, 7 tanneries, 13 dis- tilleries, 7 grist m., 4 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $16,190. Pop. whites 3,530, slaves 377, free col'd 28 ; total, 3,985. Rhea's Store, p-o., Washington co., Va., 319 w. by s. Richmond, 387 W. Rheatovvn, p-v., Greene co., Tenn., 263 E. Nashville, 427 W. Situated a few miles n of the Nolichucky r. Rhinebeck, p-t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 55 s. Albany, 315 W. The surface is mostly level on the w., rolling on the e. The flats near the centre are easily cultivated, and very productive. Hud- son r. runs on iis w. border. Drained by Landt- man's cr. The v. is pleasantly situated 2 miles from the landing on Hudson r. Incorpo.-a!ed in 1826, and contains 3 churches, an academy, 12 stores, 1 iron foundry, 1 paper m., 1 grist m. on Landtman's cr., 200 dwellings, and a'lout 1,200 inhabitants. There are in the t. 9 stf res, capital $41,500 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. .$7,00() , 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 1 flouring m., 2 grist ui., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $33,300. 4 sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 2,659. Rhinebeck Landing, v., Rhinebeck t., Dutch- ess CO., N. Y. Situated on the e. side of Hud- son r., where steamboats land and receive pas- sengers several times daily, and a steamboat w"ith freight barges plies to New York. It contains 3 stores and about 30 dwellings. RHO 564 RHO RHODE ISLAND. Rhode Island, or, according to its original name, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, one of the northern United States, is situated between 41° 22' and 42'-' 3' n. lat., and between 71° 6' and 71° 38' w. Ion., and between 5° 7' and 5° 54' e. from W. It is about 49 miles long and 29 broad, containing 1,360 square miles, of which Narraganset bay includes 130, or, in the whole, 870,400 acres, and is the smallest state in the Union. The population in 1790 was 53,825 ; in 1800, 69,122 ; in 1810, 76,931 ; in 1820, 83,059 ; in 1830, 97,212; in 1840, 108,830. Of these, 51,362 were white males; 54,225 do. females; colored free males, 1,413; do. females, 1,825. Employed in agriculture, 16,617; in commerce, 1,348; manufactures and trades, 21,271 ; navigating the ocean, 1,717 ; learned professions, &c., 457. It is divided into 5 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, were as follows: Providence, 58,073, Providence; Newport, 16,874, Newport ; Bristol, 6,476, Bristol ; Kent, 13,083, East Greenwich ; Washington, 14,324, South Kingston. Newport and Providence are the principal seats of government; but the legislature meets annu- ally at the former in May, and at the latter, alternately with South Kingston, in October. The N. w. part of tlie state is hilly and rocky. The hills, though not elevated, are found through the northern third of the state; the remainder is mostly level. The soil in the w. and n. w. parts is thin and lean ; but near Narraganset bay, and on the islands in it, it has great fertility. It is better for grazing than for grain, and is distinguished for the excellence of its cattle and sheep, and its butter and cheese. Indian corn, rye, barley, oats, and, in some places, wheat, are produced, but not in sufficient quantity for e.xportalion. Grass, fruits, and culinary vegetables, are produced in great perfection. The rivers and bays abound in excellent fish. There w-ere in 1840 in the state, 8,024 horses and mules; 36,891 neat cattle; 90,146 sheep; 30,659 swine. There were raised 3,098 bush, of wheat; 66,490 of barley; 171,517 of oats; 34,521 of rye; 2,979 of buckwheat; 450,493 of Indian corn; 183,830 pounds of wool ; 911,973 bushels of potatoes ; 383 tons of hemp and flax. The products of the dairy amounted to $223,229 ; of the orchard, $32,098 ; of lumber, $44,455. The exports consist chiefly of flaxseed, horses, cattle, beef, pork, fish, poultry, onions, butter, cheese, barley, and cotton goods. The manufactures exceed those of any other state, in propor- tion to its population, the principal of which is cotton. They also have manufactures of woollen, iron, cordage, &c. This state has extensive shipping. The climate is healthy, and more mild, particularly on the islands, than in any other part of New England. The sea-breezes moderate the heat of summer and the cold of winter ; and New- port is a favorite resort, particularly during the summer. The rivers are not large, but furnish some fine mill seats, and are extensively used for manufac- turing purposes. The principal are Pawtucket, Providence, Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, and Wood. Narraganset Bay extends from n. to s. over 30 miles into the state, and contains a number of fine islands. The pruicipal are Rhode island, 15 miles long, with an average width of 2i miles ; Ca- nonicut, 8 miles long and 1 broad ; Prudence, 6 miles long ; and Block island, 10 miles out in the Atlantic, 8 miles long and from 2 to 4 broad. It constitutes the township of New Shoreham, and ha.s a light-house. Newport, on the s. w. part of Rhode Island, has one of the finest harbors in the world, being spacious, safe, and easily accessible. Providence, at the head of Narraganset bay, 36 miles above Point Judith, is accessible by large ships. In population, commerce, and wealth, this is the second city in New England. It has been extensively engaged in the West India, and also in the East India trade. Bristol, on the E. side of the bay, 15 miles n. of Newport, has a safe and commodious harbor, and considerable trade. Pawtucket, 4 miles n. of Providence, and Paw- tuxet village, 10 miles s. of Providence, have extensive mainifaclures. The exports of this state in 1840 amounted to $206,989, and the imports to $274,534. There were in 1840, in this state, 44 commercial and 57 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $2,043,507 ; 930 drygoods and other retail stores, employing a capital of $2,810,125 ; 58 persons engaged in transportation, with 83 butchers, packers, &c., employing a cap- ital of $71,050 ; 262 persons engaged in the lumber trade, employing a capital of $254,900; 1,160 persons employed in the fisheries, and a capital of $1,077,157. Tlie manufactures of this small state deserve particular notice. Home-made or family goods were produced to the amount of $51,180 ; 41 woollen manufactories, with 45 fulling mills, employ- ing 961 persons, produced goods to the amount of $812,172, with a capital of $685,350 ; 209 cotton manufactories, with 518,817 spindles, employed 12,086 persons, producing articles to the amount of $7,116,792, and employed a capital of $7,326,000; 27 persons produced 1,000 tons of anthracite coal, with a capital of $6,000 ; 5 furnaces produced 4,126 tons of cast iron, and had a capital of $22,250; 2 paper mills produced articles to the amount of $25,000, and other paper manufactures produced to the amount of $8,500, employing 15 persons, and a capital of $45,000 ; hats and caps RHO 565 RHO were manufactured to the amount of $92,465, and straw bonnets to the amount of $S6,106, the vvliole employing 411 persons, and a capital of $66,427; 27 tanneries employed 89 persons, and a capital of $72,000; 44 saddleries and other leather manufactories produced to the amount of $182,110, with a capital of $70,095 ; 43 persons manufactured granite and marble to the amount of $36,202: 113 persons produced bricks and lime to the amount of $66,000; 531 persons produced machinery to tlie amount of $437,100; 164 persons produced hardware and cutlery to the amount of $138,720; 179 persons manufactured the precious metals to the amount of $283,500; 57 persons produced 1,237,050 pounds of soap, 157,250 do. of tallow candles, 264,500 do. of spermaceti or wax candles, with a capital of $252,628 ; 161 persons manufactured carriages and wagons to the amount of $78,81 1, with a capital of $36,661 ; various mills produced articles to the amount of $83,633, em- ploying 166 persons, and a capital of $152,310 ; 9 ropewalks employed 45 persons, and produced cordage to the amount of $49,700, with a capital of $28,300 ; ships were built to the amount of $41,500; 195 persons produced furniture to the amount of $121,131, with a capital of $83,300; 4 distilleries produced 885,000 gallons, and 3 breweries 89,600 gallons, willi a capital of $139,000; 6 brick and 292 wooden houses were built, employing 887 persons, at a cost of $379,010 ; there are 16 printing offices, 8 binderies, 2 daily, 4 semi-weekly, and 10 weekly newspapers, and 2 periodi- cals, the whole employing 122 persons, and a capital of $35,700. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures in the state was $10,696,136. Brown University, at Providence, is the only college in the state, and is a flourishing institution. It was founded in 1764, at Warwick, and was removed to Providence in 1770. A majority of the corporation are required to be of the Baptist denomination. In common school education this state has been behind the other states of New England, but is improving. In 1840 there were in Brown University, and in a high school, which partakes of the nature of a college, 324 students; 52 acad- emies and grammar schools, with 3,664 students ; 434 common and primary schools, with 17,355 scholars. The principal religious denominations are the Baptists, the Congregationalists, the Episcopalians, and the Methodists. In 1836 the Baptists had 20 congregations and 18 ministers, besides 9 others of a different denomination ; the Congregationalists had 16 congregations, 16 ministers, and 2,100 communicants; the Episcopalians had 16 congregations, 18 ministers, and 1,655 communicants; the Methodists had 10 ministers. Besides these, there are some Friends, Unitarians, Roman Cath- olics, Universalists, and Christians. In the commencement of 1840, this state had 62 banks, with an aggregate capital of $9,880,500, and a circulation of $1,719,230. Although the banks in this state are so numerous, averaging two to a town, yet they have preserved their credit unimpaired. Rhode Island has had, until recently, no other constitution of government but the charter granted by Charles II., in 1663. The government consisted of a governor, a senate, and a house of repre- sentatives, chosen annually by the people. There were 10 senators, 2 from each county. There were 72 representatives ; and the legislature met twice annually, commencing on the first Wed- nesday of 3Iay, at Newport, and on the last Monday of October, alternately at Providence and South Kingston. The judiciary consisted of a supreme court and the court of common pleas ; and all the judges were chosen annually by the legislature in grand committee. Several works of internal improvement contribute to the prosperity of this state. The Black- stone canal, which connects Providence with Worcester, Mass., lies partly in this state. Tlie same is true of the Providence and Boston railroad. This connects with a line of steamboats to the city of New York. The Providence and Stonington railroad lies chiefly in this state, and is 47 miles long. This road also connects with a line of steamboats to the city of New York. Wlien the Long Island railroad shall have been completed through the island, this road will become of great importance. Rhode Island has no public debt. There is a state prison at Providence, completed in 1838. This state was first settled by Roger Williams, who, with his associates, left Massachusetts on account of their religious principles. He at first made a purchase of the Indians at Sekonk ; but find- ing himself within the Plymouth colony, he removed to Providence, to which he gave name, and where he commenced a settlement in 1636. He obtained a patent from the Plymouth company, in England, in 164V A settlement had been made on Rhode Island in 1638, and this charter in- cluded both under the name of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations., After the restoration of Charles II., a new charter was obtained from him in 1663, which, until recently, formed the basis of the government, unchanged by the revolution. In May, 1842, an attempt was made by the "suffrage party," as they were called, to take forcible possession of the government. They had previously, without authority from the legislature, formed a constitution, and in their primary assemblies, acting informally, chosen a governor, senate, and house of representatives, and at- tempted to maintain their authority by force of arms. But the force of the state was brought against them, and the suffrage party were dispersed, and the authority of the government was maintained. By order of the charter legislature, a convention was assembled in September, 1842, RIC 566 RTC for the purpose, formed a constitution, which was approved by a majority of tlie people in their primary asscmbhes, and has gone into operation. The particulars of it we are unable to give. Rhode Island bore an honorable part in the revolutionary war. She was the last of the old 13 states to adopt the federal constitution, which she did in May 29, 1790, by a majority of 2 votes, and became a member of the Union. Rhodes, p-o., Skeneateles t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 148 w. by n. Albany, 350 W. Riblet's, p-o., Richland co., O., 63 n. n. e. Columbus, 3S8 W. RicEBORouGH, p-v., Liberty co., Ga., 33 s. s. w. Savannah, 194 s. E. Milledgeville, 696 W. Situated on Newport river. It contains a court house, jail, several stores, 15 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. Sloops come up to the t. 20 ms. from the ocean. Rice City, p-v., Coventry t., Kent co., R. I., 19 w. by s. Providence, 381 W. It contains a Baptist church. Rice Creek, p-o., Calhoun co., Mich., 112 w. Detroit, 577 W. Rice Cross Roads, p-o., Bath co., Ky., 82 e. Frankfort, 490 W. Rice Cross Roads, p-o., Panola co.. Miss., 177 N. Jackson, 945 W. Rice's Landing, p-o., Greene co.. Pa., 200 w. by s. Harrisburg, 218 W. Rice's Store, p-o., Westmoreland co., Va., 70 N. E. Richmond, 129 W. RicEviLLE, p-o., Mayfield t., Fulton co., N. Y., 56 N. w. Albany, 420 W. Richard.son's Creek, p-o., Anson co., N. C, 167 s. w. Raleigh, 436 W. Richardsonville, p-v., Edgefield dist., S. C, 75 w. Columbia, 539 W. Richardsville, p-v., Culpepper co., Va., 79 N. N. w. Richmond, 70 W. RicHiiORoufjH, p-v., Bucks CO., Pa., 114 e. Harrisburg, 156 W. RicHBURG, p-o., Wirt t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 282 w. by s. Albany, 315 W. Richfield, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y''., 13 n. w. Cooperstown, 72 w. Albany, 376 W. The sur- face is elevated and uneven ; soil, a fertile sandy and calcareous loam, generally well cultivated. Canaderaga lake lies on its e. boundary, into which several small streams flow. It has 5 stores, cap. $13,070; 1 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,890. 13 schools 487 scholars. Pop. 1,680. Richfield, p-o., Juniata co.. Pa., 65 n. w. Harri.sburg, 159 W. Richfield, p-t., Summit co., O., 134 n. e. Co- lumbus, 347 W. The surface is elevated, and moderately uneven ; soil, fertile, adapted to gra- zing, and well cultivated. There is a v. at the centre, containing 1 Congregational church, 1 store, various mechanics, and about 20 dwellings. Three fourths of a mile w. is another v., contain- ing 1 Methodist and 1 Baptist church, and 15 or 20 dweUings. There are in the t. 1 acad. 26 stu- dents, 10 sch. 353 scholars. Pop. 1,108. Richfield, t., Henry co., O. It has 1 sawm. Cap. in manufac. $500. 1 school 20 scholars. Pop. 83. Richfield, t., Huron co., O. It has 13 sch. 471 scholars. Pop. 1,.599. Richfield, p-t., Lapeer co., Mich. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,500. 2 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 193. Richfield Springs, v., Richfield t., Otsego CO., N. Y. Situated near the head of Canadera- ga lake, and contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 40 dwellings, and about 259 inhabitants. Here is a celebrated sulphur spring. RiCHFORD, p-l., Franklin co., Vt., 65 n. by w. Montpelier, 567 W. The surface is mountain- ous ; soil, adapted to grazing. Watered by Mis- sisque r. and its branches. Along the streams is good arable land. Chartered in 1780. It is bound- ed N. by Lower Canada. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,575. 5 sch. 103 scholars. Pop. 914. RicHFORD, p-t, Tioga co., N.Y^., 144 w. s. w. Albany, 295 W. The surface is uneven, with fertile valleys. Drained by East and West Owe- go creeks, which afford water power. The v. is situated on East Ovvego cr., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 30 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,230. 340 scholars in schools. Pop. 939. Rich Fork, p-o., Davidson co., N. C, 109 w. Raleigh, 330 W. Rich Hill, p-o., Butler co., Pa., 221 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 247 W. Richland, district, S. C. Situated in the cen- tre of the state, and contains 550 sq. ms. The Wateree r. bounds it on the e., and the Congaree on the s. w., and they form a junction at the s. e. angle of the dist. The soil is very fertile. Cap- ital, Columbia. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,878, sheep 3,022, swine 14,709; wheat 3,465 bush, produced, Ind. corn 333,796, oats 63,325, potatoes 42,584,cotton 1,281,989 pounds; 15 stores, cap. $177,300; 1 pottery, 19 grist m., 21 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $72,800. 1 college, 168 students, 5 acad. 161 students, 14 sch. 366"'scholars. Pop. whites 5,326, slaves 10,664, free col'd 407 ; total, 16,397. Richland, county, O. Situated toward the N. part of the state, and contains 900 sq. ms. The surface is rolling and hilly in its s. and s. e. parts ; soil, very fertile, well adapted to grain. Drained by branches of the Mohiccan cr. and of theOlen- tangy r. It produces wheat abundantly, and fine horses and neat cattle. Capital, Mansfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 34,930, sheep 79,782, swine 51.440 ; wheat 506,585 bush, produced, rye 63,85f, Ind. corn 484,511, buckwheat 34,727, bar- ley 9,337, oats 522,209, potatoes 965,784, tobacco 1,070 pounds, sugar 484,335 ; 67 stores, cap. $17,700 ; 9 fulling m., 8 woollen fac.,25 tanneries, 5 potteries, 8 flouring m., 74 grist m., 106 saw m., 2 oil m., 2 printing oflices, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $146,122. 1 acad. 52 students, 20 sch. 6,635 scholars. Pop. 44,532. Richland, p-t., semi-capital of Oswego co., N. Y., 155 w. N. w. Albany, 385 W. It contains a part of the county buildings in the v. of Pulaski. The surface is diversified ; soil, moist clay loam, adapted to grazing. Drained by Salmon r. and some small streams flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the w. It has 17 stores, cap. $44,400; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 15 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $32,400. 1 acad. 64 students, 37 sch. 868 scholars. Pop. 4,050. Richland, t., Venango co., Pa. It has 4 stores, cap. $2,900 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,750. Pop. 1,385. Richland, t., Bucks co.. Pa., 37 n. w. Phila- delphia. The surface is level ; soil, clay. Drain- RIC 567 RIC ed by Tohickon cr. and its branchos. In the s. w. angle of the t. is the v. of Quai^ertown, which contains a Friends church and 40 or 50 dwellings. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $11,300 ; 2 tan- neries, 3 potteries, 2 grist m., 4 saw ni. Cap. in manufac. $14,325. 3 sch. 85 scholars. Fop. 1,781. Richland, t., Cambria co., Pa. It has 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $650. 8 sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 1,038. Richland, p-v., Richland co., O., 82 n. by e. Columbus, 389 \V. Richland, t., Belmont co., O. The surface is rolling ; .soil, very fertile. It contains the v. of St. Clairsville, the county seat. Soil, very fer- tile. The national road passes through it from E. to w. It began to be settled several years before the admission of Ohio to the Union as a state. It lias 2 acad. 42 students, 12 sch. 294 scholars. Pop. 3,748. Richland, t., Clinton co., O. It contains the villages of Cedarville, Sabina, and Claysville. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 tan- nery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,710. 10 sch. 551 scholars. Pop. 1,385. Richland, t., Darke co., O. It has 2 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 577. Richland, t., Fairfield co., O. It contains the v. of Rushvillle. Pop. 1,992. Richland, t., Guernsey co., O., 95 e. by n. Columbus. It contains Senecaville, Uniontown and Point Pleasant villages. Pop. 1,777. Richland, t., Hancock co., O. It has 5 sch 135 scholars. Pop. 332. Richland, t., Henry co., O. It has 3 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 542. Richland, t., Holmes co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,800; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,150. Pop. 1,092. Richland, t., Jackson co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. $400 ; 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,559. Pop. 543. Richland, t., Miami co., la. It has I store, cap. $4,000 ; 3 sch. 89 scholars. Pop. 362. Richland, t., Madison co.. Ark. Pop. 452. Richland, t., Phillips co.. Ark. It has 2 dis- tilleries, 3 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $4,600. Pop. $530. Richland, t., Washington co., Ark. It has 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 2 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $1,350. Pop. 353. Richland, p-v., Giles co., Tenn., 69 s. Nash- ville, 719 W. Richland, p-v., Holmes co., Miss. Richland, p-v., Stewart co., Ga., 127 s. w. Milledgeville, 783 W. Richland, p-t., JefTerson co., Ark., 70 s. e. Little Rock, 1,124 W. It has 4 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. Pop. 594. Richland, p-t., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 135 w. Detroit, 600 W. It consists of a large and beauti- ful prairie, called Gull prairie. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $150. 1 acad. 20 students, 6 sch. 176 scholars. Pop. 518. Richland, p-v., Henderson co., Ky., 178 w. by s. Frankfort, 705 W. Richland, p-v.. Rush co., la., 51 E. s. E. In- dianapolis, 545 W. Richland, p-v., Sangamon co., Ill.,10 n. Spring- field, 790 W. Richland, t., Kalamazoo co., Mich. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 2 saw m. 1 acad. 20 students, 6 sch. 176 scholars. Pop. 518. Richland, p-o., Greene co.. Mo. Richland Creek, p-o., Washington co.. Ark., 189 N. w. Little Rock, 1,198 W. Richland Hill, p-o., E. Feliciana par.. La., 123 n. w. New Orleans, 1,120 W. Richland's, po., Tazewell co., Va., 314 w. Richmond, 369 W. Richlands, p-o., Onslow co., N. C, 128 s. e. Raleigh, 358 W. It contains a Methodist church, 1 store, and 8 inhabitants. RiCHLANDTowN, p-v., Bucks CO., Pa., 105 e. Harrisburg, 178 W. Richmond, county, N. Y. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains the whole of Staten Lsland. Its area is about 63 sq. ms., and is divided into 4 townships. The surface is broken and hilly. Richmond hill, the highest point, is 307 feet above the level of Ihe ocean. It contains much good land, and valuable fisheries on its coast. It contains .several beds of hematic iron ore, and other minerals. It has strong fortifica- tions at the Narrows. Steamboats run to New York many times daily. Capital, Richmond. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,517, sheep 136, swine 3,180 ; wheat 18,989 bush, produced, rye 8,865, Ind. corn 36,347, buckwheat 4,238, barley 5,819, oats 33,793, potatoes 47,712 ; 49 stores, cap. ,$58,870 ; cap. invested in the fi.sheries, $36,000 ; 1 dyeing and printing establishment, 1 tannery, 14 flouring m., 8 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 printing otHce, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $272,415. 1 acad. 25 students, 14 sch. 604 scho- lars. Pop. 10,965. Richmond, county, Va. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 200 sq. ms. Rappahan- nock r. bounds it on the s. w. Capital, Richmond C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle, 6,996, sheep 4.738, swine 14,329; wheat 43,224 bush, produced, rye 1,014, Ind. corn 231,493, oats 25,920, potatoes 5,434, tobacco 5,733 pounds, cotton 9,252 ; 12 stores, cap. $27,200 ; 8 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,850. 9 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. whites 3,092, slaves 2,363, free coPd 510: total, 5,963. Richmond, county, N. C. Situated in the s. part of the stale, and contains 540 sq. ms. Great Pedee r. runs on its s. w. border, and Lumber r. on its E. border. Drained by branches of Little Pedee r. Capital, Rockingham. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,653, sheep 7,226, swine 18,841 ; wheat 20,317 bush, produced, rye 1,649, Ind. corn 247,169, oats 12,942, potaloes 31,171, tobacco 4,715 pounds, cotton 1,794,154 ; 8 stores, cap. $27,804; 1 cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 1 tannery, 13 flouring m., 40 grist m., 15 sawm. Cap. in manufac. $72,718. 6 acad. 219 students, 8 sch. 233 scholars. Pop. 1830, 9,326 ; 1840, whites 4,693, slaves 3,880, free col'd 336 ; total 8,909. Richmond, county, Ga. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 381 sq. ms. Sa- vannah r. runs on its n. e. border, and Brier cr. on its s. w., by branches of which it is watered. The railroad from Augusta to Decatur crosses its n. part. Capital, Augusta. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,449, sheep 75S, swine 10,797; wheat 1,670 bushels produced, Ind. corn 183,015, oats 1,912, potatoes 28,079, cotton 692,275 pounds; 265 stores, cap. $1,281,870; 12 commission houses, cap. $215,000 ; 2 furnaces, 2 cotton fac. 2,000 sp., 1 flouring m., 15 grist m., 18 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 periodicals, 2 daily, 4 weekly, and 2 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- fac. $182,500. 8 acad. 224 students, 4 sch. 36 scholars. Pop. whites 5,650, slaves 6,096, free col'd 186; total, 11,932. Richmond, p-t., Lincoln co., Me., 15 s. by w. Augusta, 585 W. Situated on the w. side of Kennebec r. A mill stream passes through it to the s., and enters the Kennebec at Merrymeeling bay. Incorporated in 1823. It has some navi- RIC 568 RIC gation, and vessels are built here. It has 12 stores, cap. $22,850 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufiac. $31,000. 1 acad. 50 stu- dents, 9 sch. 472 scholars. Pop. 1,60-1. RiCHiMOND, p-t., Cheshire co., N. IL, 61 s. w. Concord, 424 W. Situated on the s. border of the state. The surface is mostly level : soil, moderately lertile. Drained by branches of Ashuelot r. A pond in its s. part flows into Mil- lers r. Chartered m 1752. It has 15 sch. 418 scholars. Pop. 1,165. Richmond, p-t., Chittenden co., Vt., 13 s. e. Burlington, 27 vv. n. w. Montpelicr, 513 W Onion r. runs on its n. border. Huntington r runs through it. These streams aflbrd water power. The surface is uneven, with extensive and fertile flats along the streams. At the cen- tre is a church with 16 sides, with a neat steeple rising from the centre, and wliich is occupied by several denominations. The stage road from Burlington to Montpelier passes along the .\. side of Onion r. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,100 ; 1 full- ing m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tamieries, 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,800. 8 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,054. Richmond, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 142 w. Boston, 369 W. It occupies a fertile valley, 3 ms. wide, with mountains on the e. and w. The soil is ferlile and well cultivated. Drained by a branch of Housatonic r. It has 4 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 1 acad. 9 students, 5 sch. 183 scholars. Pop. 1,097. Richmond, t., Washington co., R. I., 30 s. s. Providence. The surface is uneven ; soil, a gravelly loam, well adapted to grazing. Wood r. runs on its w. border, and Charles r. on the s., several branches of which water the interior, and all afford good water power. Stonington railroad passes through the s. e. corner of the t. It has 2 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 6 cotton fac. 7,038 sp., 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $113,400. 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 1,36). Richmond, t., Ontario co., N. Y., 14 w. Canan- daigua, 209 w. Albany. The surface is hilly; soil, clay loam. Honeoye lake lies partly in the s. part. Drained by its outlet n. It has 6 stores, cap. $3:-!,600 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tan- neries, 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $54,600. 1 acad. 25 students, 14 sch. 641 scholars Pop. 1,937. Richmond, p-v., capital of Richmond co., N. Y., 159 s. by w. Albany, 237 W. Pleasantly situated near the centre of Staten Island, and contains a court house and jail, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal church, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Richmond, t., Crawford co., Pa. It has cap. in manufac. $900. 5 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 771. Richmond, t., Tioga co., Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,800 ; 1 fulling ra., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,350. 2 sch. 82 scholars. Pop. 742. Richmond, t., Berks co.. Pa. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam and gravel, fertile and well cultivated. It contains 2 ciiurches, eommon to Lutherans and Presbyterians. Wa- tered by Moslem creek, which affords water power. Iron ore is found on the border of Maiden creek t., adjoining. It has 5 stores, cap. $16,600 ; 1 furnace, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac $12,000. Pop. 1,9'J7. Richmond, p-v.. Lower Mount Bethel t., Northampton co., Pa., 119 e. n. e. Ilarrisburg, 212 W. Situated ou a small stream, 2 miles w. of Delaware r. It contains 2 stores, 2 tanneries, and about 25 dwellings. Richmond, city and port of entry, and capital of Henrico co., and of the state of Virginia, is situated on James r., at the lower falls, at the iiead of tidewater, and is in 37° 30' n. lat., and 77? 31' w. Ion. from Greenwich, and 0° 27' w. Ion. from W. It is 23 miles n. from Petersburg!! ; and 117 s. by w. from W. The population in ISOO was 5,737 ; in 1810, 9,785 ; in 1820, 12,067 ; in 1830, 16,060 ; in 1840, 20,153. It is beautifully located on the w. side of the r., between 50 and 60 miles above City Point, and 150 miles above the mouth of tlie river. It is directly opposite to Manchester, to which it is connected by 2 bridges. The situation is healthy and highly picturesque. The deaths do not exceed 1 in 85 of the population, annually. Shockoe and Rich- mond hills stand opposite to each other, and Shockoe creek, an active stream, passes between them ; and the city is spread over these hills, and along the margin of the creek. The elevations present m;iny picturesque views of the city, of James r., and of the surrounding country. The city contains about 1,400 houses, a large propor- tion of which are of brick, with slated roofs. The city is regularly laid out, the streets generally crossing each other at right angles. The city plat covers an area of about three and a half square miles, but a moderate portion of which is yet covered with buildings. The houses are neat and convenient, and mauy of them are ele- gant. In the western division of the city, on an elevated plain, denominated Shockoe Hill, stands the Capitol. It has a very commanding situation, in the centre of a beautiful public square, of an oblong form, containing about 8 acres, ornamented with grass plats and gravelled walks. It is a spa- cious and elegant building, surrounded on 3 sides by a lofty portico of the Ionic order. In the centre of a spacious hall, in the middle of the building, stands a marble statue of Washington, executed in Paris. Near it is a marble bust of Lafayette. In one angle of Capitol Square stands the City Hall, decorated at each end by a fine Doric por- tico of 4 columns. On the eastern part of Capi- tol Square is a house erected lor the residence of the governor of the state. . In another angle of the same square is the county court house. In the western suburbsof the city is the State Peni- tentiary, a large building, in the form of a hollow square, 300 feet long and 110 feet broad, with several acres of ground connected with it. lu the suburbs of the city, on the n., is the Alms- house, a spacious building, surrounded by exten- sive groinids. The other public buildings are a county and city jail, an orphan asylum, a theatre, a museum, 2 markets, an armory 320 by 280 feet, an academy, and a masonic hall. The city is supplied by water, which is elevated by water power, and 2 forcing pumps, into 3 large reser- voirs, containing 1,000,000 gallons each, from which it is distributed over the city, and forms a great resource hi case of fire, as well as a supply ibr the inhabitants. The cost of these works was about $120,000. There are two banks in the city. There arc 16 churches, of which the Episcopalians have 3, the Presbyterians 3, the Baptists 3, the Methodists 3, the Roman Catholics, Friends, Unitarians, one each, and the Jews have a synagogue. Some of the churches are large and elegant buildings. Richmond is well situated for commerce. Ves- sels drawing 10 feet of water come to Rockets, about a mile below the centre of the city; and those drawing 15 feet to Warwick, 3 miles below the city. The falls in James r. are obviated by RIC 569 RID the canal, and above them it is navigable for boats 2-20 miles. Regular lines of packets con- nect this city with New York and other places, and it is connected by steamboats to Nor- folk. The principal articles of exportation are wheat, flour, and tobacco. The exports amount to about $3,000,OOJ annually. The tonnage of this port in 1840, was 6,911. The manufactures of Richmond are also exten- sive. The falls of the James river afford a water power of unlimited extent. There were in 1840, 17 foreign commercial and 29 conmiission houses, cap. $3,062,000; 256 retail stores, cap. $1,616,450; 3 hunber yards, cap. $24,000 ; 4 furnaces, and 8 forges, &c., cap. $317,900; machinery produced amounted to $128,000; 1 cotton fac. 5,810 sp., cap. $175,000 ; tobacco manufactories, capital $492,250; 1 paper fac, cap. $75,000; 21 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m., total cap. $51,000; 8 printing oflices, 1 bindery, 2 daily, 6 weekly, and 2 semi-weekly newspapers, and 1 periodi<;al, cap. $48,700. Total cap. in manufac. $1,372,950. 1 college 63 students, 13 acad. 753 students, 14 sch. 673 scholars. Richmond was founded by an act of the legis- lature of the state, in 1742; and the seat of go- vernment was removed from Williamsburg to this place in 1780. In 1787 it contained about 300 houses. The canal around the falls of James river, which has added so much to the commer- cial advantages of Riclimond, was completed in 1794. December 26th, 181 1, the theatre of Rich- mond took fire, during an exhiliition, when 600 persons were present, of whom 66 white per.^ons and 6 people of color lost their lives. Among the former was George William Smith, Esq., the governor of the state. To commemorate this sad event, an Episcopal, denominated tlie Monumen- tal ( 'hurch, has been erected on the spot. It is an octangular building, two sides projecting and forming wings ; and it lias a monument in front. Richmond, p-v., Dallas co., Ala., 104 s. Tusca- loosa, 879 Richmond, p-v., capital of Madison par.. La., 200 N. w. New Orleans. Situated on the w. side of the Roundaway Bayou, at its junction with Brushy Bayou, 10 ms. w. of the Mississippi r. It contains a court house and a few dwellings. Richmond, p-v., Bedford co., Tenn., 70 s. Nashville, 694 W. Richmond, p-v., capital of Madison co., Ky., 48 s. E. Frankfort, 546 W. Situated on a small branch of Kentucky r. It contains a court house, jail, 8 stores, and 822 inhabitants. Richmond, p-v., Salem t., JefTerson co., O., 11 w. Steubenville, 134 e. by n. Columbus, 275 W. It contains 1 large brick church, 4 stores, a print- ing office, 60 dwellings, and about 400 inhab- itants. Richmond, p-t., Macomb co., Mich. Watered by Belle r., and by the e. fork of Clinton branch of Red r., and by head branches of South r., which 2 last flow into Lake St. Clair. It has 6 sch. 123 scholars. Pop. 602. Richmond, p-v., Wayne co., la., 68 E. Indian- apolis, 503 W. Richmond, p-v., capital of Ray co.. Mo., 142 w. N. w. Jefferson City, 1,045 W. Situated on the .s. side of Elkhorn cr., and contains a court house, jail, and about 500 inhabitants. Richmond City, p v.. Lake co., O., 177 n. e. Columbus, 351 W. Situated on the w. side of Cirand r., \i ms. from its entrance into Lake Erie. It lias several stores and warehouses, a steam m., and a ship-yard. It is at the head of navigation, on the r., and steamboats and vessels come to its wharves. It divides the business of the region with Fairport, nearly opposite, on the E. side of the r., and Painsville in the vicinity. Richmond Dale, p-o., Richmond t., Ross co., O., 51 s. Columbus, 392 W. Richmond, t., Huron co., O. It has 3 saw in. Cap. in manufac. $2,200. 2 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 306. Richmond Factory, p-o., Richmond co., Ga., 102 e. Milledgeville. Richmond Valley, p-o., Westfield t., Rich- mond CO., N. Y., 167 s. Albany, 245 W. RicHMONDviLLE, p-v., Richmond t., Lincoln CO., Me., 20 s. Augusta, 590 W. Situated on the w. side of Kennebec r. Richmondville, p-v., Cobleskill t., Schoharie CO., N. Y., 47 w. Albany, 331 W. It contains 3 stores, I clothier's works and carding machme, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. Rich Square, p o., Northampton co., N. C, 124 N. e. Raleigh, 227 W. Rich Valley, p-o., Wythe co., Va. Rich Valley, p-o., Bedford co., Tenn., 64 s. Nashville, 687 W. Richville, p-v., De Kalb t., St. Lawrence CO., N. Y., 187 N. w. Albany, 456 W. It contains 2 churches, 1 store, 1 grist in., 1 saw m., 1 cloth- ier's works, 30 dwellings, and about 150 inhabit- ants. Rich Wood, p-o., Union co., O., 57 n. w. Co- lumbus, 447 W. Rich Woods, p-o., Izard co., Ark., 120 .\. Little' Rock, 1,076 W. Ridge, or Rigdc Road, is an elevated alluvial way, consisting of beach, sand, and gravel stones, 6 or 8 rods wide, extending from the Genesee r. near Rochester, to the Niagara r. near Lewiston, on which is an excellent road, from 6 to 10 ms. s. of the shore of Lake Ontario. It seems to have formerly bounded tlie lake on the s. Ridge, p-o., Mount Morris t., Livingston co., N. Y., 246 w. Albany, 357 W. Ridge, p-o., St. Marys co., Md., 110 s. Anna- polis, 87 W. Ridge, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 40 w. Co- lumbia, 538 W. Ridge, p-o., Troy t., Madison co., EL, 81 s. Springfield, 787 W. Ridge, t., Llancock co., O. It has 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $600. 3 sch. 127 scholars. Pop. 477. Ridge, t.. Van Wert co., O. Pop. 211. Ridgeburv, p-v., Ridgefield t., Fairfield co., Ct., 74 s. w. Hartford, 2S7 W. Situated in the N. part of Ridgefield, and contains a Congrega- tional cliurch and a number of dwellings. RiDGEBURY, p-v., Miuisiiik t. Orange co., N. Y., 113 .s. by w. Albany, 270 W. It contains 1 church, an academy, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 180 inhabitants. RiDGEBURY, p-t., Bradford co.. Pa., 18 n. w. Towanda. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Bentley and South creeks, which flow into Tioga r., in N. Y. It has 7 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. 1,214. Ridge Farm, p-o., Vermilion co.. 111. Ridgefield, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 31 w^ by N. New Haven, 81 s. w. Hartford, 2n W. The surface is elevated, commanding a fine view of Long Island sound, which is 14 ms. distant, and the adjacent country. The soil is a fertile grav- elly loam. Drained by Saugatuck and Norwalk rivers, which afford water power, and an e. branch of Crotoii r. The v. is pleasantly situated on a street 1 m. long, and contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — an academy, several stores, 1 extensive carriage liic, 1 cabinet furniture inc., and about 60 dwell- RIN 570 RIP ings. It has 12 stores, cap. $26,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $6,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 2 tan- neries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in mannfac. $93,100. 3 acad. 44 students, 14 sch. 392 scho- lars. Pop. 2,474. RiDGEviLLE, p-0., Lenox t., Madison co., N. Y., 122 w. by n. Albany, 369 W. RiDGEViLLE, p-o., Carroll co., Md. RiDGEViLLE, p-o., Hampshire co., Va., 203 n. N. w. Richmond, 131 W. RiDGEViLLE, p-v., Butler CO., Ala., 128 s. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 894 W. RiDGEViLLE, p-v., Warren co., O., 79 s. w. Columbus, 465 W. RiDGEViLLE Corners, p-o., Henry co., O. RiDGEWAY, p-t., Orleans co., N. Y., 10 w. Al- bion, 262 w. by n. Albany, 400 W. The surface is chiefly level ; soil, fertile. Drained by Oak Orchard cr. It contains 5 post-offices. It has 20 stores, cap. $128,694 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 3 flouring m., 2 grist ni., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $199,450. 1 acad. 97 students, 21 sch. 989 scholars. Pop. 3,554. RiDGEWAY, t., Jefferson co., Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $300 ; 1 tannery, 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $25,700. 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 195. RiDGEWAY, t., Bradford co.. Pa. The surface is rolling ; soil, fertile. Drained by Toby's and Kersey's creeks, and Clarion r., and their tributa- ries. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,500; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,750. 7 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. 1,214. RiDGEWAY, p-v., Jefferson co., Va., 161 n. Richmond, 253 W. RiDGEWAY, p-o., Gallia co., O. RiDGEWAY, p-v., Lenawee co., Mich., 61 s. w. Detroit, 513 W. It contains a store and a steam saw m. RiDGEWAY, p-o., Warren co., N. C, 57 n. e. Raleigh, 231 W. RiDGEWAY, p-o., Iowa CO., Wis., 35 w. Madi- son, 882 W. Ridley, t., Delaware co.. Pa. It has 2 sch. Ill scholars. Pop. 1,075. RiENZA, p-v., Tishemingo co.. Miss., 233 n. E. Jackson, 838 W. Riga, p-o., Litchfield co., Ct., 56 w. Hartford, 332 W. Riga, p-t., Monroe co., N. Y., 241 w. by \. Albany, 382 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, fertile. Drained by Black cr. The Tonawanda railroad passes through the t. It has 3 stores, cap. $11,000 ; 4 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 fur- nace, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,895. 2 acad. 65 stu- dents, 14 sch. 774 scholars. Pop. 1,984. Riga, p-o., Lucas co., O., 152 n. w. Columbus, 483 W. RiGGS Cross Roads, p-o., Williamson co., Tenn., 31 s. Nashville, 694 W. Riley, t., St. Clair co., Mich. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,200. Pop. 114. Riley, p-o., Vigo co., la., 83 w. s. w. Indian- apolis, 654 W. Riley, t.. Pope co.. Ark. It has 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $900. Pop. 393. Rileysville, p-v., Wayne co., Pa., 191 n. e. Harrisburg, 285 W. RiNDGE, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 67 s. s. w. Concord, 435 W. Tiie surface is moderately uneven; soil, productive. It contains 13 ponds. Of these, 3 flow into Miller's r., which flows into Connecticut r., and 3 into Contoocook r., which flows into the Merrimac. It therefore contains the dividing ridge, which is very narrow, between the waters of Connecticut r. and Merrimac r. Iron ore is found here, and a paint resembling Spanish-brown. Incorporated in 1768. It has 4 stores, cap. $9,500; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,150. 13 sch. 393 scholars. Pop. 1,161. RiNGOEs, p-v., Amwell t., Hunterdon co., N. J., 19 N. w. Trenton, 176 W. Situated at the foot of Rock mountain, and contains 1 Presbyte- rian church, an academy, 3 stores, 1 cotton fac, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., and about 40 dwellings. Ripley, county, la. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. The sur- face is generally level ; soil, fertile, adapted to grain. Drained by Laugherty and Graham's creeks, which flow into the Ohio. Capital, Ver- sailles. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,200, sheep 5,433, swine 6,333 ; wheat 22,173 bush, produced, Ind. corn 115,883, oats 153,413, potatoes 9,191, tobacco 5,051 pounds, sugar 19,886; 22 stores, cap. $44,350 ; 7 tanneries, 1 distillery, 3 flouring m., 5 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $13,537. 1 acad. 20 students, 2 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 10,392. Ripley, county, Mo. Situated toward the s. E. part of the state, and contains 1,080 sq. ms. The surface is hilly ; soil, fertile on the streams. Drained by Big Black, Current, and Eleven Point rivers. Capital, Van Buren. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,405, sheep 2,769, swine 12,624 ; wheat 7,442 bush, produced, Ind. corn 161,503, oats 5,791, potatoes 3,539, tobacco 19,529 pounds, cotton 7,315, sugar 5,220 ; 6 stores, cap. $8,150; 8 distilleries, 20 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,390. 5 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. whites 2,777, slaves 77, free col'd 2 ; total, 2,856. Ripley, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 30 n. e. Nor- vidgewock, 66 n. by e. Augusta, 661 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has a pond which forms the source of Sebasticook r. In- corporated in 1816. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,000; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $2,100. 5 schools, 264 scholars. Pop. 591. Ripley, p-t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 10 w Mayville, 350 w. by s. Albany, 353 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, mostly clay loam, mixed with sand, and fertile. Drained by Twenty 3Iile cr., flowing into Lake Erie, which bounds it on the n. It is the westernmost town in the state, and contains the v. of Quiney. It has 1 store, cap. .$7,000 ; 1 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 3 gristm., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,208. 2 acad. 35 students, 17 sch. 747 scholars. Pop. 2,197. Ripley, p-v.. Union t.. Brown co., O., 115 s. w. Columbus, 474 W. Situated on the \. side of Ohio r., immediately below the mouth of Red Oak cr., 56 ms. above Cincinnati. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, a college, 12 stores, 1 iron foundry, 1 engine fac, 2 steam saw m., 1 steam woollen fac, 1 oil m., 2 carding machines, 2 tanneries, 1 steamboat yard, 1013 dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. Ripley, t.. Holmes co., O. It has 3 sch. 122 scholars. Pop. 1,269. Ripley, t., Huron co., O. It has 6 sch. 181 scholars. Pop. 805. Ripley, p-v., Browii co.. 111. Ripley, p-v., capital of Lauderdale co., Tenn., 175 w. Nashville, 857 W. Situated on Cane cr., a branch of Big Hatchee r. It contains a court house, jail, an academy, and 250 inhabitants. Ripley, p-v., capital of Tippah co., Miss., 207 X. N. E. Jackson, 864 W. It contains a court house, jail, and 150 inhabitants. I RiPLKV s, p o., Tyler co., Va., 300 n. w. Rich- ! mond, 268 W. ROA 571 ROB RiPLEYViLLK, p-0., Ripley t., Huron co., O., 89 N. by E. Columbus, 388 W. KiPi-oN, p-t., Addison co., Vt., 51 s. w. Mont- pelier, 481.) W. The surface is mountainous and brolien. Watered by Middlebury r., which af- fords water pow er, and along which is some good land. It has 1 tannery, 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- i(ic. $7,200. 3 sch. 79 scholars. Population, 357. RisDON, p-0., Seneca co., O., 93 n. Columbus, 438 W. Pop. 27. RiSDON, p-v., St. Clair co., 111., 121 s. Spring- field, 831 W. RisiKG Fawn, p-o., Dade co., Ga., 252 n. w. Milledgeville, 640 W. Rising Su.n, p-v., Philadelphia co., Pa., 101 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 141 VV. Situated on the Gerraantown road, 3 ms. from Pliiladelphia, and contains 4 stores, and about 70 dweUings. Rising Sun, p-o., Cecil co., JVId., 82 n. e. An- napolis, 92 W. Rising Sun, p-v.. Dearborn co., la., 95 s. e. Indianapolis, 526 W. Situated on the n. bank of the Ohio r. Rising Sun, p-o., Van Buren co., Iowa. RiciiiEviLLE, p-v., Dinwiddle co., Va., 41 s. Richmond, 160 W. RiTTERsviLLE, p-0., Lehigh CO., Pa., 91 e. n. E. Harrisburg, 184 W. River, p-o., ("larion co., Pa., 204 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 270 W. River Head, p-o.. New London co., Ct., 49 s. K. Hartford, 384 W. River Head, p-t., capital of Suffolk co., N. Y., 226 s. s. E. Albany, 306 W. (Post-office called Suffolk C. H.) The surface is mostly level, with a broken range of sand cliffs on Long Island sound, which bounds it on the n. The soil is chiefly sandy loam. Drained by Peconic r., flowing E. into Little Peconic bay. The v. is situated at the head of navigation on Peconic bay, and contains a county hall and a surrogate's office. The courts have set here for more than half a century. It has a Congregational and a New Jerusalem church, an academy, a number of stores of various kinds, various mechanic shops, 70 dwellings, many of them neat, and about 450 inhabitants. Wood is extensively ex- ported to New York, which is loaded into the larger vessels 5i ms. below, at Jainesport. There are in the t. 17 stores, cap. $45,000 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $5,800 ; 1 lulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $22,300. 14 sch. 651 scholars. Pop. 2,449. River Road Forks, p-o., Mt. Morris t., Liv- ingston CO., N. Y., 247 w. Albany, 353 W. River Side, p-o., Ulster co., N. Y. River Stvx, p-o., Guilford t., Medina co., O., 125 N. E. Columbus, 346 W. River Town, p-v., Campbell co.. Ga., 108 w. N. w. Milledgeville, 705 W. Rives, p-v.. Wilson co., Tenn., 33 e. Nash- ville, 661 W. Rives, p-v., Richland co., O., 79 n. n. e. Co- lumbus, 380 W. Rives, C. IL, p-v., and capital of Henry co.. Mo., 107 w. by s. Jefferson City, 1,043 W. It contains a court house, jail, and a number of dweUings. RivEsviLLE, p-v., Monongalia co., Va., 282 n. w. Richmond, 215 W. RiXEYViLLE, p-v., Culpepper co., Va., 107 n. N. w. Richmond, 67 W. Road Hall, p-o., Lycoming co.. Pa., 83 n. Harrisburg, 193 W. Roadstown, p-v., Cumberland co., N. J., 68 s. by w. Trenton, 179 V\''. Roadville, p-v., Charleston dist., S. C, 110 s. E. Columbia, 54S W. Roane, county, Tenn. Situated centrally toward the e. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Watered by Tennessee and Clinch rivers and their branches. Soil, fertile. Capi- tal, Kingston. Tliere were in 1840, neat cattle 11,140, slK-ep 10,970, swine 43,034 ; wheat 71,520 bush, produced, Ind. corn 639,064, oats 148,962, potatoes 18,061, tobacco 2,695 pounds, cotton 24,151; 12 stores, cap. §199,600; 1 furnace, 4 forges, 1 cotton fac. 504 sp., 8 tanneries, 18 dis- tilleries, 15 flouring m., 37 grist m., 22 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $^4,625. 1 acad. 30 students, 4 sch. 88 scholars. Pop. whites 9,590 slaves 1,298, free col'd 60; total, 10,948. Roane, t.. La Fayette co., Ark. Pop. 703. Roanoke, r., Va. and N. C, is formed by the junction of Staunton and Dan rivers, near the s. boundary of Va., and flows into the head of Albemarle sound. It is navigable to the great falls at Halifax, 75 ms , for vessels of 45 tons. A canal round tlie falls opens the navigation for batteaux, to the junction of Staunton and Dan rivers, both of winch are navigable some distance for boats of 5 tons. Roanoke, county, Va. Situated s. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 370 sq. ms. Drained by head branches of Staunton r. Capi- tal, Roanoke C. H. Tiiere were in 1840, neat cattle 5,337, sheep 6,087, swine 10,681; wheat 140,506 bush, produced, rye 13,536, Ind. corn 181,534, buckwheat 278, oats 98,246, potatoes 6,303, tobacco 599,273 ; 13 stores, cap. $47,200 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 3 dis- tilleries, 8 flouring m., 12 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly, 1 daily news- paper. Cap. in manutac. $39,675. 2 acad. 104 students, 5 sch. 98 scholars. Pop. whites 3,843, slaves 1,553, free col'd 101 ; total, 5,499. Roanoke, v., Stafford t., Genesee co., N. Y. Situated on Allen's cr., and contains 2 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 plaster m., 1 furnace, and about 150 inhabitants. RoA.xoKE, p-v., Randolph co., Ala., 176 e. Tus- caloosa, 765 W. Roanoke, p-v., Randolph co.. Mo., 75 n. n. w. Jefferson City, 972 W. Roanoke Bridge, p-o., Charlotte co., Va., 89 s. w. Richmond, 180 W. It contains a store and 1 mill. Roaring Spring, p-v., Smyth co., Va., 274 w. by s. Richmond, 335 W. Situated on Cripple cr., 20 ms. above its entrance into New r. RoBB, t., Posey co., la. It has 4 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 1 saw m. Pop. 1,098. Robertson, county, Tenn. Situated in the N. part of the state, and contains 300 sq. ms. Drained by branches of Red r. and by Sycainoro cr., which bounds it on the s. Capital, Sprinslield. Tliere were in 1840, neat caltio 9,73(), slieep 12,015, swine 43,033; wheat 86,068 bush, produced, rye 7,416, Ind. corn 43,993, oats 97,289, potatoes 8,280, tobacco 1,168,833 pounds, cotton 12,394; 10 stores, cap. §65,000; 1 cotton fac. 212 sp., 5 tanneries, 19 distilleries, 6 flouring m., 30 grist m., 22 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly and 7 periodical newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $29,136. Pop. whites 9,977, slaves 3,790, free col'd 34 ; total, 13,801. Robertson's Store, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 155 w. s. w. Richmond, 238 W. Robertson's Store, p-o., Lincoln co., Tenn., 100 s. Nashville, 729 W. RoBEiiTSviLLE, p-v., Beaufort dist., S. C, 137 s. Columbia, 643 W. Situated on Black or., a branch of Savannah r. ROC 572 ROC KoBERTSViLLE, p-v., Anderson CO., Teim., 166 E. Nashville, 523 W. Robeson, county, N. C. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 700 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Lumber r. and by head branches of Little Pedee r. Capital, Lumberton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,830, sheep 12,313, swine 29,274 ; wheat 2,646 bush, produced, Ind. corn 248,1'.)5, oats 1,579, potatoes 34,632, cotton 547,595 pounds; 6 stores, cap. $21,0u0; 1 tannery, 58 grist m., 13 saw m., 2 acad. 61 students, — sch. 1,126 scholars. Pop. whites 6,262, slaves 2,885, free col'd 1,223 ; total, 10,370. Robeson, p-t., Berks co.. Pa. Bounded on the N. E. by Schuylkill r. Drained by Alleghany and Hay creeks, which flow into the Schuylkill r. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly and sterile. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Lutheran church. It has 6 stores, cap. ,^12,500; 1 furnace, 7 forges, 3 tanneries. 4 flouring m., 5 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,000. Pop. 2,016. Robin's Nest, p-o., Peoria co., 111., 84 n. Springfield, 798 W. RoBiNso.N, t., Posey co., la. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manuliic. $1,000. Pop. 1,004. Robinsons Cross Ro.^ds, p-o., Bledsoe co., Tenn., Ill e. s. e. Nashville, 596 W. Robinson's, p-o., Brunswick co., N. C, 132 s. Raleigh. 381 W. Robinson's, p-o., Franklin co., la., 74 e. s. e. Indianapolis, 324 W. Robinson's Store, p-o., Harford co., Md., 64 N. Annapolis, 74 W. Robinson, t., Alleghany co.. Pa., 6 n. w. Pe- tersburg. The Ohio r. bounds it on the n. The surface is hilly; soil, loam. Chartiers cr. is on the s. E. boundary, and Montour's run on the w. boundary. It ha^^ 1 store, cap. $1,000; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 flouring m., 3 grist m., 2 .saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,000. 9 sch. 315 scho- lars. Pop. 1,694. Robinstown, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 193 e. N. E. Augusta, 779 W. Situated on the Schoodio or St. Croix r., opposite to St. Andrews, N. Bruns- wick. It has great facilities for navigation, and considerable trade in lumber. Vessels are built here. Incorporated in 1811. It has 2 stores, cap. -$2,500 ; 4 lumber yards, cap. $2,800 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,300; 6 sch. 323 scholars. Pop. 822. Robison's, p-o., Darke co., O. Rob Roy, p-v.. Fountain co., la., 69 w. n. w. Indianapolis, 640 W. RocHEPORT, p-v., Boone co.. Mo., 49 n. w. Jefferson City, 954 VV. Situated on the n. bank of Missouri r., and contains about 100 inhabitants. Rochester, p-t., and semi-capital of Strafford CO., N. H., 46 e. Concord, 503 W. Salmon Falls r., which bounds it on the n. e., and Cocheco r. which drains it, afford water power. The sur- face is uneven, and much of the soil is fertile. Incorporated in 1722. There is a considerable v. at the falls on Cocheco r. It has 11 stores, cap. $23,300 ; 4 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $76,450. 17 sch. 788 scholars. Pop. 2,431. Rochester, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 43 s. w. Montpelier, 482 W. The surface is mountainous and broken ; soil, much of it fertile. Drained by White r. and a branch, which afford water power. Chartered in 1780. The v., at the centre, is pleasantly situated on the e. bank of White r., and contains a Congregational church, and some mills, and considerable trade. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $17,000; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,000. 13 sch. 469 scholars. Pop. 1,396. I Rochester, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 54 s. s. I E. Boston, 441 W. Buzzard's bay bounds it on |thes. The surface is uneven ; soil, moderately fertile. In some parts it is rocky and unfit for cultivation, and in some places very fertile. Drained by Mattapoiset and Sipican rivers. The principal v. is called Mutlupoiset, situated on an inlet from Buzzard's bay, and contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Universa- list — various mechanic shops, and about 100 dwellings. The principal business is ship build- ing, and the whale fishery. It has a good har- bor, and the largest whale ships come to its wharves. Salt is extensively manufactured here. There are in the t. 17 stores, cap. $22,600 ; 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,500. 1 acad. 100 students, 23 sch. 1,092 scholars. Pop. 3,864. Rochester, city, capital of Monroe co., N. Y., is situated on both sides of Genesee r., 7 s. Lake Ontario, 220 w. by n. Albany, 141 w. Ulica, 73 E. Buffalo, 87 Niagara falls, 369 W. Pop. 1820, 1,502 ; 1830, 9,269 ; 1840, 20,191. It contains an area of 4,321 acres, and was incorporated as a village in 1817, and as a city in 1831. It is well built, and contains many large and fine stores and many neat and some splendid dwelling houses ; to many of which beautiful gardens are attached, ornamented with shrubbery. The nunt- ber of dwelling houses is about 2,000. The E. and w. parts of the city are connected by 3 bridges. The Erie canal passes through the centre of the place, and here crosses the Gene- see r. in a splendid aqueduct. The Genesee Valley canal, now constructing, also terminates here, connecting with the Erie canal. The great western railroad passes through the place. The public buildings and institutions are — a court house, jail, county clerk's office, 2 markets, 6 banking houses, 1 savings bank, 1 mutual insur- ance CO., 22 churches — 3 Baptist, 1 Congrega- tional, 1 Covenanter, 2 Episcopal, 2 Friends, 1 Lutheran, 2 Methodist, 5 Presbyterian, 2 Roman Catholic, 1 Univer.salist, and 2 African — a mu- seum, a Collegiate Institute, 2 female seminaries, 2 orphan asylums, the arcade building, in which is the post-office, a Mechanics' Literary Associa- tion, a Young Men's Association, and an Alhe- neum. Rochester owes its great advantages and its rapid growth especially to a vast water power created here by the falls in Genesee r., which amount to 26S feet within the bounds of the city, in which are 3 successive perpendicular falls of 96, 20, and 105 feet, besides rapids. On these rapids and falls are many large flouring mills, and other hydraulic works. It is estimated that, independently of the capital invested in these mills, it requires $2,000,000 annually to keep them in operation, and that they produce an- nually about $3,500,000. Rochester is finely situated for commerce. Vessels come up the Genesee r. to Carthage, which is 2i miles below the centre of the city, where steamboats daily arrive and depart, and to which there is a railroad. The river is also boatnble above the city, 45 ins. to Mount Morris. The Erie canal gives it ac- cess to the E. and w., and the Genesee Valley canal, when completed, will connect it with Olean on the Susquehanna, and greatly add to its advantages. It has a railroad communication E. to Boston, Mass., and w. to Batavia, which will soon be extended to Buffalo. These facili- ties for transportation have completed the advan- tages derived from its immense water power, and the rich agricultural country by which it is sur- rounded. There were in the city in 1840, 1 commercial ROC 573 ROC anil 1 commission house, cap. §15,100; 266 re- tail stores, cap. .§1,23^,890; 2 lumber yards, cap. $30,000 ; machinery nianut'actured, value $18,000; 4 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, capital ,953,616; 1 cotton fac. 3,000 .sp., cap. .$50,000; 3 tanneries, cap. $128,530; 3 distilleries, 3 brewe- ries, cap. $60,300; 1 pottery, 1 rope walk, 22 flouring m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m., total cap. .$945,600; 2 paper fac, 9 printing offices, 1 bindery, 4 daily, 5 weekly, and 1 semi-weekly newspaper, 2 pe- riodicals ; 61 brick and stone, and 68 wooden hou.ses, built at a cost of $101,270. Total cap. in manufac. $1,963,017. 4 acad. 662 students, 3J sell. 2,870 scholars. In 1812 there were only 2 wooden frame build- ings on the spot, each consisting of a single room ; and when a few years before, a proposal was made in the state legislature to build here a bridge across the Genesee, it was strongly op- posed, and a member declared, that it was "a God-forsaken place, inhabited by muskrats, and visited only by straggling trappers." With the exception of Lowell, Mass., the United States does not probably present another instance of equally rapid growth. Rochester, t., Ulster co., N. Y., 16 s. w. Kingston, 74 s. by w. Albany. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, clay and loam. Drained by Rondout or. and its tributaries. Shawangunk mountain occupies a part of the t. It has 9 stores, cap. $1I,.500; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 7 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,110. 10 sch. 503 scholars. Pop. 2,674. Rochester, pv., Salem t., Warren co., O., 9 s. E. Lebanon, 75 .s. w. Columbus. Situated half a m. s. of Little Miami r., and contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 5 mechanic shops, and about 250 inhabitants. Rochester, v., Beaver co.. Pa. Situated on the e. bank of the Beaver r., at its junction with the Ohio r. Pop. 400. RociiESTER, p-0., Avon t., Oakland co., Mich., 12H N. w. Detroit, 551 W. Situated near the junction of Paint cr. with Clinton r., bolli of which streams afford water power. It contains 5 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 iron foundry, and 1 tannery. Rochester, p-v., Racine co., Wis., 87 e. s. e. Madison, 796 W. Situated a little e. of Fox r., on the s. side of a branch of that r. near its mouth. Rochester, p-v., capital of Fulton co., la., 95 N. Indianapolis, 616 W. Situated a little s. of Tippecanoe' r. It contains a court house, jail, and a number of dwellings. Rocuester, p-v., Sangamon co.. 111., 10 e. Springfield, 772 VV. Situated at the junction of the N. and s. forks of Sangamon r. It contains a steam m. and other mills, and about 30 dwellings. Rock, r., Wis. and 111. Its principal head is in a region of lakes and swamps, towards Fox r. of Green bay, its course s. and then s. w. An- other head is Catfish, a stream in Wis., that con- nects the " Four lakes " the head waters of which commence in a swamp, a few ms. s. of Fort Win- nebago. After Rock r. enters Illinois it receives several considerable tributaries, and it enters the Mississippi 3 ms. below Rock Island. Much of the country through which it passes in 111. con- sists of prairie, with some timber land. Its chan- nel is generally lime and sandstone rock, and it has several rapids which injure the navigalion at low water. It has much fine land on its bor- ders. Rock, cr., Dist. Columbia, separates George- town from Washington city, and enters the Po- 1 tomac r. Two bridges cross it, near its mouth, i Rock, county. Wis. Situated in the s. part of the ter., and contains 720 sq. ms. The surface is level, with much prairie ; soil, fertile. Drained by Rock r. and its tributaries. Capital, Rockport. There wore in 1840, neat cattle 1,804, sheep 131, swine 3,560; wheat 24,702 bush, produced, Ind. corn 31,329, oats 21,990, potatoes 28,065, sugar 1,400 pounds; 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,275. 3 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 1,701. Rock and Cave, p-o., Gallatin co., 111., 214 s. s. E. Springfield, 791 W. RocKAWAY, p-v., Hempstead t.. Queens co., N. Y., 168 s. Albany, 24S W. Situated on Rock- away bay, near the Atlantic ocean. It contains 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 30 dwell- ings, and about 200 inhabitants. RocKAWAY, pv., Morris co., N. J., 8 n. Morris- town, 6 1 N. Trenton, 234 W. Situated on both sides of Rockaway r. It contains 1 Presbyterian or Dutch Reformed church, 4 stores, 1 rolling m., 2 forges, 1 grist m., 1 saw ra., and about 30 dwell- ings. RocKAWAY, beach, Hempstead t.. Queens co., N. Y. It is a peninsula, situated between Ja- maica bay and the Atlantic ocean. The v. con- tains 1 Methodist church, and about 20 or 25 dwellings. One m. w. of the v. is the Marine PaviUon and RocJc Hall, fine boarding houses. The former is delightfully situated near the beach, and is one of the most fashionable water- ing places in the vicinity of New York. Rock Rotto.h, p-o., Middlesex co., Mass., 27 N. w. Boston, 420 W. Rock Bridge, county, Va. Situated in the central part of the state, and contains 680 sq. ms. The surface is mountainous, with very fertile valleys, producing wheat, the staple, and tobacco to a conyiderable extent. Drained by North r. and its branches, a tributary of James r. It derives its name from the celebrated Natural Bridge over Cedar cr., for a description of which see Cedar creek. Capital, Lexington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,152, sheep 19,821, swine 26,321; wheat 263,756 bushels produced, rye 69,566, Ind. corn 504,646, buckwheat 4,339, barley 140, oats 249,018, potatoes 35,597, tobacco 293,755 pounds, cotton 60, sugar 140 ; 28 stores, cap. $168,830 ; 3 furnaces, 3 forges, 14 tanneries, 36 distilleries, 2 potteries, 32 flouring m., 13 grist m., 56 saw m., 2 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 week- ly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $131,160. 1 college 83 students, 4 acad. 153 students, 28 sch. 740 scholars. Pop. whites 10,448, slaves 3,510, free col'd 326 ; tola', 14,2S4. Rock Bridg?^, p-v., Gwinnett co., Ga., 87 N. w. Milledgeville, 661 W. Rockcastle, county, Ky. Situated a little s. E. of the centre of the state, and contains 330 sq. ms. Drained by branches of Dick's and Rock- castle rivers. The surface is elevated, separating the waters of Cumberland r. from those of Ken- tucky r. Capital, Mount Vernon. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,863, sheep 3,7<)3, swine 5,613; wheat 8,472 bushels produced, Ind. corn 66,302, oats 29,395, potatoes 3,149, sugar 4,725 pounds; 2 stores, cap. $2,000; 3 tanneries, 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,650. Pop whites 3,023, slaves 377, free col'd 9; total,3,409 Rock Castle, p-v., Patrick co., Va., 230 w. s. w. Richmond, 305 W. Rock Castle, p-v., Trigg oo., Ky., 236 s. w by w. Frankfort, 763 W. Situated on the e. side of Cumberland river, and contains about 50 in habitants. Rock City, p-o., Milan t., Dutchess co.,N. Y., 59 s. Albany, 310 W. ROC 574 ROC Rock ('rkek, po.. Orange co., N. C., 67 n. w. Raleigh, 300 W. liocK Crekk, p-0., Lewis co., Ky., 125 e. n. E. Frankfort, 450 W. Rock Creek, p-o., Franklin co., Tenn., 83 s. s. E. Nashville, (577 W. Rock Creek, p-o.. Cedar co., Iowa. RocKHALE, p-t., Crawford CO., I'a., 246 n. w. Harrisburg, 319 W. It has 1 fulling m. Cap. in manufac. $4,000. Pop. 767. RocKD.vLE, p o., Newton co., Ga., 73 n. w. Milledgeville, 667 W. RocKFORD, p-v., capital of Surry co., N. C, 145 w. by N. Raleigh, 351 W. Situated on the N. side of Yadkin r., and contains a court house, jail, and about 150 inhabitant.s. Rockeord, p-v., Coosa co., Ala., 120 e. s. e. Tuscaloosa, 803 VV. RocKFORn, p-v., Jackson co., la., 60 s. Indian- apolis, 586 W. Rockfoud, p-v., capital of Winnebago co., 111., 203 N. Springfield, 804 W. Situated at the rapids, on Rock r., where is an immense water power. It is on a high and beautiful prairie, on the w. side of the r. Steamboats come to this place, -and a ferry here crosses the river. It con- tains a court house, several stores and dwellings. Rock Grove, po., Stephenson co., 111., 230 n. Springfield, 834 W. Rock H.\ll, p-v., Kent co., Md., 63 n. e. Annapolis, 108 W. Rock Htll, p-t., Bucks co.. Pa., Ill E. Harris- burg, 173 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel- ly. Drained by branches of Tohickon cr. and Perkiomen cr. Rock Hill, p-o.. Union co., Ga. Rock Hill, p-o., St. Louis co., Mo. Rockhold's, p-o., Whitley co., Ky., 118 s. s. E. Frankfort, 550 W. RocKHousE Prairie, p-o., Buchanan co., Mo. Rockingham, county, N. H. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, and contains 695 square miles. The surface is uneven ; .soil, fer- tile and well cultivated. Great Bay is a large body of water in its n. e. part, and connected with Piscataqua r., which bounds it on the n. e. Massabesic Pond is a large sheet of water in its W. part. Drained by Lamprey, E.xeler, Beaver, and Spiggot rivers. Capital, Portsmouth. There were in 1810, neat cattle 29,764, sheep 3S,589, swine 15,477 ; wheat 20,392 bushels produced, rye 29,933, Ind. corn 204,504, buckwheat 3,036, barley 26,036, oats 83,177, potatoes 805,367; 24 commercial and commission houses, capital $1,251,500; 303 stores, cap. §524,010; 6 lumber yards, cap. $11,000; cap. invested in fisheries, $59,580; 5 furnaces, 16 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 6 cotton fac. 19,500 sp. ; 43 tanneries, 2 distille- ries, 1 powder m., 4 potteries, 2 flouring m., 89 grist m., 108 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 7 printing ollices, 5 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $2,136,451. 19 acad. 1,015 students, 243 sch. 10,618 scholars. Pop. 45,771. Rockingham, county, Va. Situated a little N. of the centre of the state, and contains 833 .sq. ms. Drained by Shenandoah r. and its branches. The surface is hilly ; soil, on the streams, very fertile. Capital, Harrisonburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,122, sheep 23,955, swine 38,765; wheat 375,187 bushels produced, rye 90,886, Ind. corn 470,584, buckwheat 6,483, bar- ley 1,027, oats 248,412, potatoes 41,186, tobacco 37,182 pounds, sugar 3,330; 30 stores, capital $303,606; 1 furnace, 3 fulling m., 21 tanneries, 13 distilleries, 3 potteries, 35 flouring m., 16 grist U)., 42 saw m., 4 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 week- ly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $174,165. 1 acad. 45 students, 26 sch. 799 scholars. Pop. whites 14,944, slaves 1,899, free col'd 501 ; total, 17,344. Rockingham, county, N. C. Situated in the N. part of the state, and contains 475 square ms. The surface is elevated. Drained by the head branches of Haw and Dan rivers. Capital, Wentworth. There were in 1810, neat cattle 9,725, sheep 6,157, swine 30,074 ; wheat 61,015 bushels produced, rye 4,805, Ind. corn 431,085 ; oats 149,402, potatoes 9,053, tobacco 1,777,205 pounds, cotton 23,917; 18 stores, cap. .$83,2.50; 1 furnace, 1 cotton fac. 861 sp., 5 tanneries, 8 dis- tilleries, 13 flouring m., 36 grist m., 25 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $174,433. 11 acad. 244 students, 10 sch. 211 scholars. Pop. whites 8,595, slaves 4,572, free col'd 275 ; total, 13,432. Rockingham, p-t., Windham county, Vt., 93 s. Montpelier, 450 W. Situated on the w. side of Connecticut r. The surface is uneven ; soil, generally productive and well cultivated. Drain- ed by Williams' and Saxton's rivers, which atrord water power, and flow into Connecticut river. It contains Bellows falls, in Connecticut river. (See Bellows Falls v.) In 1785, a bridge w^as erected over the ( "onnecticut, which, until 1795, was the only bridge over that river. Near the falls a great variety of minerals are found. There are 3 villages in the t. — one at the centre, one at Bellows falls, and one in the s. part, on Saxton's river — each of which contains a church. It has 12 stores, cap. $70,800 ; 7 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 paper fac, 1 printins; oflice, 2 binderies, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 periodical, 5 grist m., 7 saw m. Capital in manufactures, $119,937. 17 sch. 703 scholars. Pop. 2,330. Rockingham, p-v., capital of Richmond co., N. C, 135 s. w. Raleigh, 409 W. Situated on Hitchcock's cr., 5 miles E. of Pedee r., and con- tains a court house, jail, and about 2l>0 inhabitants. Rockingham, po., Scott co., Iowa. Rock Island. Situated in the Mississppi r., at the foot of Rock r. rapids, and is 3g ms. long, and three fourths of a mile wide. The sides are of perpendicular rock, 20 feet above the high- est floods. Fort Armstrong is situated on the lower extremity of the island. Rock Island, county. 111. Situated in the N. w. part of the stale, and contains 366 sq. ms. The Alississippi river runs on its w. boundary. Drained by Rock r. The surface is various. The soil is fertile, and along the Mississippi is a rich alluvion. Capital, Rock Island City. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,266, sheep 763, swine 6,569 ; wheat 21,170 bushels produced, Ind. corn 106,800, oats 20,815, potatoes 32,477, tobacco 750 pounds, sugar 1,261 ; 15 stores, cap. $S5,300 ; 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 3 flouring m., 3 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 pnnting oflice, 1 periodical, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $18,162. 9 sch. 206 scholars. Pop. 2,610. Rock Island, p-o., Warren co., Tenn., 83 s. E. Nashville, 611 W. Rock Island Citv, p-v., capital of Rock Is- land CO., HI., 150 Springfield, 879 W. It has been laid out on an extensive scale, at thejunction of Rock r. and the Mississippi. It has been in con- templation to cut a canal from the Mississippi, above the rapids, to Rock r., by which an im- mense water power would be gained. It con- tains a court house, 12 stores, and about 800 inhabitants. Rock Island Rapids, m the Mississippi, com- mence at Rock Island, just above tlie mouth of Rock r., anil extend 15 ms. up the r., with a de- scent, ill that distance, of 21 feet 10 inches. lu ROC 575 ROC various places, ledges of rocks extend across the r., and, at low water, are a great obslruclion to navigation. The government of the United States has done someihing for the improvement of these rapids. Rockland, county, N. Y. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, and contains 172 sq. ms. It is bounded on the e. by Hudson r. The surface is hilly and mountainous, and much broken ; soil, fertile. It contains some valuable minerals, particularly magnetic iron ore, and variegated marble. The rs'ew York and Erie railroad com- mences at Piermont, and crosses the co. Capital, New City v., in Clarkstown t. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,693, sheep 17,392, swine 11,511; w'hoat 3,650 bushels prod., rve 33,140, Ind. corn 41,110, buckwheat 34,111, oats 47,055, potatoes 48, 117; 53 stores, cap. $121,600; Slum- ber yards, cap. $50,000 ; 1 luniace, 3 forges, 4 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 1,642 sp., 1 dyeing and print, establishment, 5 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 20 grist m., 1 1 saw m., 1 paper fac. Cap. in manufac. $277,124. 28 sch. 1,099 schol- ars. Pop. 11,975. Rockland, p-t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 102 s. w. Albany, 321 W. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, gravelly loam, adapted to grass. Drained l)y Big Beaver Kill and its tribu- taries. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,350 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist ra., 11 saw ra. Cap. in Tnanufac. $19,250. 6 sch. 194 scholars. Pop. 826. Rockland, p-t., Venango co., Fa., 212 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 2S1 W. It has 3 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 fulling m., 3 furnaces, 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,500. 3 sch. 101 schol- ars. Pop. 1,178. Rockland Lake, p-o., ClarkslowTi t., Rock- land CO., N. Y. Rockland lake is a body of pure water, five ms. in circumference, 200 feet above the level of the Hudson. It abounds with fine fish, but is chiefly valuable for its ice, and from it the city of iVew York has been chiefly supplied with that article. The ice, like the water, is very pure. Rockland, t., Bucks co., Pa. Surface hilly and broken. Drained by Maxatawny and Sa- cony creeks. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 fur- nace, 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 paper fac, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,875. Pop. 1,649. Rockland Mills, p-o., Augusta co., Va., 129 w. N. w. Richmond, 148 W. Rockland Mills, p-o., Saline co., Mo., 80 n. Vf. Jefferson City, 996 W. Rock Mills, p-o., Anderson dist., S. C, 171 w. N. w. Columbia, 440 W. Rock Mills, p-o., Hancock co., Ga., 39 n. e. Milledgeville, 6 JO W. Rock JMountain, De Kalb co., Ga. A high, solitary peak, 2,226 feet above the stream, which winds around its base. It is about 7 miles in cir- cumference. Rock Point, p-o., Independence co., Ark. RocKPORT, p-t., Essex co., 3Iass., 32 n. e. Bos- ton, 464 W. Situated on the n. part of Cape Ann. It has a harbor for small vessels. It has 13 stores, cap. $10,410. ('ap. in manufac. $2,500. 6 sch. 592 scholars. Pop. 2,650. RocKPORT, p-o., Northampton co.. Pa. RocKPORT, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 132 n. E. Columbus, 367 W. Bounded n. by Lake Erie. Watered by Rocky r. It contains the v. of Gran- ger, at the mouth of the r., which was laid out in 1815. It has 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 8 sch. 516 scholars. Pop. 1,235. RocKPORT, p-v., capital of Spencer co., la., 162 s. s. w. Indianapolis, 689 W. Situated on the n. w. bank of Ohio r., on a high bluff, and contain.? 4 stores, 1 tannery, 1 ship-yard, and about 300 inhabitants. RocKPORT, p-o.. Hot Springs co.. Ark., 46 w. s. w. Little Rock, 1,111 W. Situated on the e. side of Washita r. Rock Rest, p-o., Chatham co., N. C, 41 w. Raleigh, 330 W. Rock River Rapid.s, p-o., Wliitesides co., HI., 174 N. Springfield, 837 W. Situated on the s. side of Rock r. Rock Run, p-o., Harford co., 3Id., 67 n. An- napolis, 77 W. Rock Run, p-o., Stephenson co., 111., 229 N. Springfield, 827 W. Rock Spring, p-o., Cecil co., Md. Rock Spring, p-v., Hickman co., Ky., 302 w. s. w. Frankfort, 828 W. Rock Spring, p-v., St. Clair co.. 111., 18 e. St. Louis, 95 s. Springfield, 801 W. Its name is de- rived from a series of springs, issuing from ledges of rocks, at the place. It has an elevated, healthy, and pleasant situation. Rock Stream, p-o., Starkey t., Yates co., N. Y., 198 w. Albany, 313 W. RocKVALE, p-o., Peoria co.. 111. RocKviLLE, p-v., Norfolk co., Mass., 26 s. Bos- ton, 420 W. RocKviLLE, p-o., Belfast t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 269 w. by s. Albany, 331 W. RocKviLLE, p-v., Chester co.. Pa., 58 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 133 W. RocKviLLE, p-v., capital of Montgomery co., Md., 56 W. Annapolis, 16 W. Situated on the head waters of Watts branch of Potomac r., and contains a court house, jail, county offices, about 60 dwellings, and 300 inhabitants. Rockville, p-v., Adams co., O., 112 s. by w. Columbus, 446 W. Rockville, p-v.. Rowan co., N. C, 133 w. Raleigh, 370 W. Rockville, p-v., Jefferson co., Ala. Rockville, p-v., Putnam co., Ga., 32 n. Mil- ledgeville, 63-i W. Rockville, p-v., capital of Parke co., la., 64 w. Indianapolis, 636 W. It contains a court house, jail, 10 stores, a printing office, about 100 dwell- ings, and 630 inhabitants. Rockville, p-v.. Will co.. 111., 162 n. n. e. Springfield, 716 W. Rockville, p-v., Monroe co., Tenn., 164 e. s. E. Nashville, 537 W. Rockwell, p-o., Cleveland co., N. C. RocKV Hill, p-v., Wethersfield t., Hartford CO., Ct., 7 s. Hartford, 333 W. Situated on the w. side of Connecticut r., and contains a Con- gregational church, surrounded by a pleasant v. It has a good landing place on the r. Some ves- sels are built here. RocK ("OMFORT, cr., Ga., rises w. of Warren- ton, and runs s. into Ogeechee r., just below Louisville, and affords water power. Rocky Hill, p-v., 3Iontgomery t, Somerset CO., N. J., 12 s. w. Somerville, 14 n. bj' e. Tren- ton, 185 W. Situated on Millstone r., and con- tains 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 woollen fac, and about 15 dweUings. Rocky Hill, p-o., Jackson co., O., 77 s. by E. Columbus, 3S1 W. Rocky Hill, p-o., Barren co., Ky., 129 s. w. Frankfort, 632 W. Rocky Mount, p-v., capital of Franklin co., Va., 179 w. by s. Richmond, 234 W. Situated on a tributary of Roanoke r., and contains a court house, jail, 2 stores, 1 tannery, 1 iron furnace in the vicinity, which employs 100 laborers, and about 180 inhabitants. ROM 576 ROM Rocky Mount, p-v., Nash cc, N. C, 56 e. Raleigh, 242 W. Rocky Mount, p-v., Meriwether co., Ga., 102 w. Milledgeville. 721 W. Rocky Mount, p-v., Wilcox co., Ala., 119 s. Tuscaloosa, 911 W. Rocky Mount, p-v., Sullivan co., Tenn., 294 E. by N. Nashville, 401 W. Rocky Mount, p-o.. Miller co., Mo., 50 s. w. Jefferson City, 985 W. Rocky Mount, p-o., Kemper co.. Miss., 115 e. N. E. Jackson, 912 W. Rocky Narrows, p-o., Monroe co., O., 127 e. Columbus, 280 W. Rocky Spring, p-v., Franklin co.. Pa., 49 w. by s. Harrisburg, 94 W. Rocky Spring, p-v., Rockingham co., N. C, 123 n. w. Raleigh, 303 W. Rocky Spring, p-o., Jackson co., Ala., 188 n. E. Tuscaloosa, 645 W. Rocky Spring, p-o., Granger co., Tenn., 229 E. Nashville, 453 W. Rocky Spring, p-o., Claiborne par.. Miss., 45 N. w. Jackson, 1,055 W. Rodgersville, p-v., Lauderdale co., Ala., 131 N. Tuscaloosa, 756 W. Rodman, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 11 s. Water- town, 163 N. w. Albany, 403 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile sandy and clay loam. Drained by Sandy cr. The v. is situated on Sandy cr., and contains 3 churches — 1 Presby- terian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 3 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 carding and fulling m., 1 tannery, 35 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. 812,000; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $8,000. 21 sch. 660 scholars. Pop. 1,702. Rodney, p-v., Decatur co,, Ga., 215 s. s. w. JVIilledgeville, 872 W. Rodney, p-v., Jefferson co., Miss., 92 s. w. Jack- son, 1,192 W. Situated on the e. side of Missis- sippi r. It contains 8 stores, and about 500 in- habitants. RoDOLPHiL, p-o., Amelia co., Va., 52 s. w. Richmond, 169 W. RoDERicKsviLLE, p-0., Berks co., Pa., 74 e. Harrisburg, 167 W. Rodgers Store, p-o., Wake co., N. C, 16 Raleigh, 28S W. RoGERsviLLE, p-v., Anderson dist., S. C, 131 w . n. w. Columbia, .560 W. RoGERSviLLE, p-v.. Capital of Hawkins co., Tenn., 246 e. by n. Nashville, 436 W. Situated a little n. of Holston r., and contains a court house, jail, several stores and dwellings. Rohrersville, p-v., Washington co., Md. RoHRSBURG, p-v., Columbia co., Pa,, 93 e. n. e. Harrisburg, 204 W. Rokeby. p-o., Morgan co., O., 74 e. by s. Co- lumbus, 337 W. Rolesville, p-v.. Wake co., N. C, 21 n. n. e. Raleigh, 279 W. Situated 3 ras. n. e. of Neuse r., and contains 150 inhabitants. Rolersvii.le, p-v., Sandusky co., O., 42 n. Co- lumbus, 437 W. RoLLiN, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich., 79 s. w. De- troit, 519 W. The soil is very fertile, adapted to grain. Watered by Tiffin's cr. The v. is situated on Bean cr., which affords water power. It has 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,300. 4 sch. 174 scholars. Pop. 581. Rolling Fork, po.. Nelson co., Ky., 77 s. w. Frankfort, 599 W. Rollin's Store, p-o., Moore co., N. C. Rome, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 20 n. n. w. Augusta, 613 W. It has a large pond on its n. border, another on the e., and a third on its s. border. All these have their outlet into the Kennebec in Waterville. Incorporated in 1804. The soil is adapted to grain. It has 10 sch. 477 scholars. Pop. 987. Rome, p-t., and semi-capital of Oneida co., N. Y., 107 n. w. Albany, 391 W. The surface is chiefly level, or gently undulating ; soil, a fertile clay and sandy loam. Drained by Mohawk r., on which is excellent land, and Wood cr., which flows into Oneida lake. These two streams were connected by a small canal, before the con- struction of the Erie canal, which was bought out when the latter was made. The v. is on the Mohawk r. and the Erie canal, and contains 6 churches, 1 bank, 1 female seminary, a United States arsenal, with a magazine and workshops, 25 stores, 1 cotton fac, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 brew- ery, 1 blast furnace, 350 dwellings, and about 2,500 inhabitants. The Black r. canal here unites with the Erie canal, and the Syracuse and Utica railroad passes through the v. This was the site of old Fort Stanwyx, built in 1758, and rebuilt in the revolutionary war, and called Fort Schuvler. There are in the t. 33 stores, cap. .$227,130 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton lac 900 sp., 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $148,860. 3 acad. 307 students, 21 sch. 1,290 scholars. Pop. 5,680. Rome, p-t., Bradford co., Pa., 142 n. Harris- burg, 252 W. It has 1 store, cap. $400 ; 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,300. 6 sch. 195 scholars. Pop. 817. Rome, t., Crawford co., Pa. It has 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 4 sch. 94 scholars. Pop. 737. Rome, p-v., capital of Floyd co., Ga., 161 n. w. Milledgeville, 672 W. Situated on the point formed by the junction of the Etowah and Oostanaula rivers. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churches — 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist — an academy, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Rome, p-v.. Smith co., Tenn., 45 n. e. Nash- ville, 639 W. Situated on the s. side of Tennes- see r. It contains 2 stores and several dwell- ings. Rome, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 190 n. e. Co- lumbus, 330 W. It was formerly called Rich- field. It has 7 sch. 207 scholars. Pop. 765. Rome, t., Athens co., O. It has 4 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 distillery, 2 saw m., 3 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $14,100. 6 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 866. Rome, t., Lawrence co., O. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 3 saw m., 10 sch. 297 scholars. Pop. 1,128. Rome, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich., 70 s. w. De- troit, 510 W. Watered by head branches of Beaver cr. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 3 saw m., 10 sch. 297 scholars. Pop. 1,128. Rome, p-v., Knox co., Ky., 127 s. e. Frankfort, 510 W. Rome, p-v., capital of Perry co., la., 143 s. by w. Indianapolis, 653 W. Situated on the n. bank of Ohio r. It contains a fine brick court house, a stone jail, 2 churches, 2 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. Rome, p-v., Peoria co., 111., 85 n. Springfield, 799 W. Situated on tiie w. side of Peoria lake, here 1 m. wide, and contains about 25 dwellings and 150 inhabitants. Rome, p-v., Henry co., Iowa. Rom1':o. p-v., Greene co., Tenn., 250 e. Nash- ville, 436 W. RoiMEO, p-o., Washington t., Macomb co^ ROS 577 ROS Mich., 70 N. Detroit, 510 W. Pleasantly situated 1 III. from the n. branch of Clinton r. It contains an academy, 4 stores, 1 iron foundry, and 1 tan- nery. lioMiNF.'s Mills, p-o., Harrison cc, Va., 243 N. w. Richmond, 231 W. RoMNEV, p-v., capital of Hampshire co., Va., 188 N. N. w. Richmond, 116 W. Situated on the E. side of the s. branch of Potomac r., and con- tains a court house, and about 400 inhabitants. Romulus, p-t., Seneca co., N. Y., 183 w. Albany, 329 VV. The surface is moderately elevated in the centre, and declines toward Cayuga lake, which bounds it on the e., and toward Seneca lake, which bounds it on the w. The soil is fertile, adapted to wheat. The v. contains 1 Presbyterian church, 2 stores, and about 25 dwellings. There are in the t. 1 store, can. $5,000 ; 8 sch. 290 scholars. Pop. 2,235. Romulus, p-t., Wayne co., 3Iich., 36 s. w. Detroit, 516 VV. It has 3 sch. ICO scholars. Pop. 464. Romulus, p-o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala., 12 w. Tuscaloosa, 830 W. RoNDOUT, creek, N. Y.. rises in Sullivan co., and flows into Hudson r. in Ulster co., near tjie V. of Rondout. It receives the Wallkill and other tributaries, and affords water power. The Delaware and Hudson canal passes along the valley of this cr. At the junction of Rondout cr. and Hudson r. is a light-house. Rondout, p-v., Kingston t., Ulster co., N. Y., 59 s. Albany, 314 W. Situated on the n". side of Rondout cr., 1 m. from its entrance into Hud- son r., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Ro- man Catholic church, 1 female seminary, 25 stores, 3 freighting establishments, 1 tobacco fac, 1 grist m., 4 boat yards, and 2 dry docks, 200 dwellings, and about 1,500 inhabitants; 2 steam- boats. It freight barges, and 13 sloops, are owned here, and navigate the r. It is a depot of the Lackaw-anna coal of the Delaware and Hudson canal company. RoNKONKAMA PoNO, N. Y. Situated near the centre of Long Island, and is about 1 m. in di- ameter, very deep and transparent, and abounds with fish. It is surrounded by pine and other limber, and has a romantic and pleasant appear- ance. Root, p-t., Montgomery co., N. Y., 43 w. by N. Albany, 402 W. The surface is partly hilly ; soil, fertile loam, on slate and lime. Drained by small branches of Mohawk r. which runs on its N. border. It has 6 stores, cap. $27,400 ; 3 tan- neries, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,055. 17 sch. 756 scholars. Pop. 2,979. Root, pv., Allen co., la. Root Centiie, p o.. Root t., Montgomery co., N. Y., 44 Albany, 398 W. Rootstown, p-l., Portage co., O., 144 n. e. Columbus, 320 W. It is a fine farming t., lying directly .s. of Ravenna. It has 8 sch. 255 schol- ars. Pop. 1,112. RoscoE, p-v., Coshocton co., O., 84 Columbus, 33-1 W. Situated on the Ohio canal and Mus- kingum r. opposite to Coshocton, at the conflu- ence of the Walionding and Tuscarawas r. to form the Muskingum. It has good water pf. Y., 330 w. by s. Albany, 352 W. Sale.m Cross Roads, p-v., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 180 w. Harrisburg, 2 )5 W. Situated on w. side of Beaver Dam cr., Salem t. Salfordville, p-o., Montgomery co.. Pa., 85 E. Harrisburg, 170 W. Sallna, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 133 w. by N. Albany, 330 W. The surface is rolling; soil, clay and gravelly loam. Drained by Onondaga cr., and other streams, flowing into Onondaga lake. It contains the most celebrated salt springs in the state. The v. is situated on the e. end of j Onondaga lake, and contains 3 churches — 1 Pres- byterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — 1 banking house, 20 stores and gro?eries, 1 flouring m., 2 .saw m., 1 machine shop, 1 furnace, and large salt inanufiictories, in which 1,107,823 bush- els were manufactured in 1840, being nearly one half of what was manufactured in the t. The salt springs are owned by the state, which re- ceives a duty of 6 cents a bushel from the manu- facturers. There were manufactured 2,622,305 bushels of salt in 1840 in the t. It has 3 acad. 150 students, 21 sch. 1,848 scholars. Pop. 1 1,013. Salina, p-v., .lefferson co., Ky., 65 w. Frank- fort, 605 W. Saline, r., La., rises in Claiborne parish, and flowing s. w. 50 ras., falls into Black Lake r., 8 ms. N. E. Natchitoches. Saline, r., Ark., rises 20 s. w. Little Rock, and, after a southerly course of 50 ms., falls into Wachitta r. Saline, t., Hot Springs co.. Ark. Pop. 361. Saline, r.. 111., is formed by the junction of N., s., and middle forks, near Equality, and enters the Ohio 12 ms. below Shawneetown. It is a navigable stream, and contains several extensive salt works on its borders. Saline, cr., Mo., a small stream which enters the Mississippi r., near the s. e. corner of St. Genevieve co. Salt spring are numerous on its banks, and salt has been manufactured here. Saline, county, Mo. Situated a little n. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 820 square miles. The surface is undulating, containing timber and prairie ; soil, very fertile. The 3Iis- souri flows on its n. and e. boundary. Watereil by La Mine r. Capital, Jonesboro'. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,176, sheep 5,793, swine 2,475; wheat 21,677 bushels produced, Indian corn 304,095, oats 36,763, potatoes 11,858, to- bacco 17,230 pounds ; 2 commission houses, cap. $3,000; 10 stores, cap. $50,500; 6 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 12 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac $19,668. 14 sch. 303 scholars. Pop. whites 3,635, slaves 1,615, free col'd 8 ; total, 5,258. Saline, county. Ark. Situated near the cen- tre of the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. Saline r. runs on its s. w. border. Drained by Hurri- cane r. Capital, Benton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,530, sheep 273, swine 3,830 ; wheat 598 bushels produced, Indian corn 9,500, oats 1,690, potatoes 4,200, tobacco 940 pounds, cotton 64,500 ; 3 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 dis- tillery, 5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac $1,900. 1 sch. 36 scholars. Pop. whites 1,662, slaves 399; total, 2,0G1. Saline, t., Jefferson co., O. Pop. 963. Saline, p-t., Washtenaw co., Mich., 40 w. Detroit, 517 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Pop. 1,390. Saline, p-o., Ralls co., Mo., 98 n. e. Jefferson City, 929 W. Saline, t., Sevier co.. Ark. It has 2 sch. 51 scholars. Pop. 334. Saline, t., Hempstead co.. Ark. It has 1 acad. 40 students, 1 sch. 36 scholars. Pop. 1,192. Saline Rock, p-o.. Wood co., Va., 327 w. n. w. Richmond, 296 W. Salineville, p-o., Columbiana CO., O., 141 n. E. Columbus, 283 W. Salisbury, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 16 n. n. w. Concord, 491 W. The surface is various. Kearsarge mountain lies in its w. part. The .soil is fertile, especially on the streams. On the hills it is adapted to grazing. Merrimac r. bounds it on the e. Drained i)y Blackwater r., which passes through a pond in its n. part., and flows s. into Contoocook r. Chartered in 1768. In the s. part of the t. is a pleasant v., containing a Con- gregational church and an academy ; and about Is m. N. \v. is another small v., whicli contains a Baptist church. This t. was the birthplace of the Hon. Daniel Webster. There are in the t. 3 sUires, cap. $21,500 : 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $7,900 1 SAL 594 SAL acad. 63 students, 10 sch. 342 scholars. Pop. 1,329. Salisbbury, p-t, Addison co., Vt, 69 s. w. Montpelier, 481 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, generally fertile, especially on the streams. Otter cr. bounds it on the w. Watered by Mid- dlebury r., and Lake Dunmore, which is 4 miles long, and from one half to three fourths of a mile wide, the outlet of which, called Leicester river, affords good water power. It has a Congrega- tional and a Methodist church. Chartered in 1761. First settled by an heroic woman, Mrs. Story, with a family of 8 or 10 children, in 1775, for which she received 100 acres of land. There is a small manufacturing v. at the outlet of the lake. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $13,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 forge, 1 glass fac, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,000. 10 sch. 440 scholars. Pop. 942. Salisbury, p-t., Essex county, Mass., 42 n. n. E. Boston, 477 W. The Atlantic bounds it on the E., Merrimac r. on the s., and Powow r. on the w. The surface is uneven, excepting, in the E., where there is an extensive beach, and some salt marsh. The soil is generally fertile. It contains 6 churches — 2 Congregational, 1 Bap- tist, 1 Methodist, 1 Christian, and 1 Universalist. There arc 3 villages — one opposite to Newbury- port, one at the junction of Powow and Merri- mac rivers, where ship building has been carried on, and one on Powow r., called Mills v., where are considerable manufactures. The railroad from Boston to Portsmouth passes through this t. There are in the t. 23 stores, cap. $13,650 ; 16 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 print- ing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $561,450. 11 sch. 653 scholars. Pop. 2,739. Sallsburv, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 53 w. Hart- ford, 337 W. The surface is imeven ; soil, gene- rally fertile, parts of it well adapted to grain, and others to grazing. The Housatonic river runs on its E. border, and between this t. and Canaan has a perpendicular fall of 60 feet, affording great water power. Watered by Salmon r. Tiiere are several ponds in the t., 2 connected together toward the n. e., 1 toward the n. w., and Fur- nace pond toward the s., the outlets of which afford water power. The v. at the centre con- tains 1 Congregational and 1 Episcopal church, and a number of dwellings. Furnace v., at the outlet of Furnace pond, contains a Methodist church and a number of neat dwellings, and is a place of considerable business. In the w. part of the t., on the .New York line, is a valuable bed of iron ore of an excellent quality. First settled in 1720. Incorporated in 1741. It has 7 stores, cap. $29,500 ; 3 furnaces, 10 forges, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3ri,950. 1 acad. 15 students, 13 sch. 695 scholars. Pop. 2,56) . Salisbury, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 73 w. n. w. Albany, 413 W. The surface is hilly and mountainous, with some broad valleys ; soil, sandy and clay loam. Drained by East Canada creek, and tributaries of West Canada creek. The village at the centre is on Spruce cr., and contains 1 grist m., 1 'aw m., 1 tannery, and 30 or 40 dwellings. Salishury village lies 7 miles N. by E. Little falls, and contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 25') inhabit- ants. An extensive bed of magnetic iron ore has been found 3 miles n. of this place. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $31,050 ; 4 lumber yards, cap. $2,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 forge, 3 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 1 printing office, 4 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $56,130. 14 sch. 507 schol- ars. Pop. 1,859. Salisbury, p-t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 16 e. Lan- caster, 51 Harrisburg, 121 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, calcareous loam. Drained by Pic- quea cr., which affords water power. The p-v. contains 8 or 10 dwellings. There are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $35,000; 1 forge, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 10 sch. 390 scholars. Pop. 3,959. Salisbury, t., Lehigh co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $10,000; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $70,050. 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 1,433. Salisbury, p-v., Somerset co., Md., 95 s. s. e. Annapolis, 135 W. Situated on the e. side of Wicomico r., and contains 2 stores and about 250 inhabitants. Salisbury, p-v., capital of Rowan co., N. C, 118 w. Raleigh, 355 W. Situated on a branch of Y'adkin r. It contains a court house, jail, a church and an academy, and about 700 inhabit- ants. Here is an ancient stone wall, laid in ce- ment, and plastered on both sides, from 12 to 14 feet high, 22 inches thick, which reaches to with- in a foot of the surface, and the length of what has been discovered is about 300 feet. A simi- lar wall has been discovered 6 miles from the first, 4 or 5 feet high, and 7 inches thick. Their origin can only be a matter of conjecture. Salisbury, p-t., Meigs co., O., 98 s. w. Co- lumbus, 346 W. Ohio r. bounds it on the s. It contains a church and salt works, which produce about 500 barrels per week. It has extensive beds of bituminous coal. The surface has a southern declivity ; soil, very fertile. It has 8 stores, cap. $10,500; 2 flouring m., 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $67,320. 9 sch. 286 scholars. Pop. 1,509. Salisbury, p-v., Sangamon co.. 111., 10 n. w. Springfield, 790 W. Situated on a small branch of Sangamon r. Salisbury Centre, p-v., Salisbury t., Herki- mer CO., N. Y., 75 w. N. w. Albany, 405 W. (See Salisbury. ) Salisbury Mills, p-v.. Blooming Grove t., Orange co., IN. Y ., 93 s. by w. Albany, 287 W. It contains 3 stores, 1 paper m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 plaster m., 1 tannery, and about 25 dwell- ings. Salmon Creek, p-o., Sodus t., Wayne co., N. Y., 196 w. by n. Albany, 367 W. Salmon, r., Ct., rises in the s. part of Tolland CO., and flows into Connecticut r., in E. Haddam. It has falls which afford good water power, and is navigable a short distance from its mouth. Salmon r., N. Y., rises in Lewis co., and flows through Oswego county inlo Mexico bay, which sets up from Lake Ontario. It has a pretty good harbor at its mouth, and is boatable, in high water, 14 miles, to the falls in Orwell. At these ialls the r. has a perpendicular descent of 107 feet, being 250 feet wide at high water, and half tliat at low water. The rocky strata consist of slate and granhe, or gneiss, and the height of banks above is from 80 to 90 feet, and below the falls 200 feet of perpendicular rock. The water is very deep at the foot of the fall, and salmon trout and other f)sh are here taken. Salmon River, p-o., Albion t., Oswego co., N. \^ Salmon Falls, r., N. H., the name of the Piscataqua r. above the great falls in Berwick. Salon A, p o., Clinton co.. Pa. Salona, p-o., Racine co., Wis., 117 e. s. e. Madison, 702 W. Salonia, p-v., Greene co., Ky. Salt Creek, p-t., Muskingum co., O., 65 E. SAL 595 SAN Columbus, 330 W. It has 2 churches, and sev- eral salt fac. Pop. 1,253. Salt Creek, t.. Holmes co., O. It has cap. in manufac. $1,700. 1 sch. 37 scholars. Pop. 1,739. Salt Creek, t., Hocking co., O. A branch of Scioto Salt cr. runs through it. It has 2 sch. 48 scholars. Pop. 821. Salt Creek, t., Marion co., O. It has I tan- nery, 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly and 1 semi-weekly newspaper, 2 grist tn., 1 saw in., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. 4 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 607. Salt Creek, t., Pickaway co., O. It has 6 stores, cap. $10,600; 4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 fulling m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,100. 5 sch. 133 scholars. Pop. 1,814. Salt Creek, t., Wayne co., O. It has 3 stores, cap. .$4,800 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $7,455. 1 sch. 82 scholars. Pop. 1,461. Salt Creek, p-o.. Porter co., la. Salt Fork, p-o., Vermilion co., la. Saltlick, t., Fayette co., Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 4 grist in., 15 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $250. 5 sch. 143 scholars. Pop. 1,911. Salt Lick, t., Perry co., O. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 3 gri.st in., 2 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $1,400. 6 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 1,243. Salt Lick Creek, p-o., Smith co., Tenn., 71 E. Nashville, 637 W. Salt Point, p-o., Pleasant Valley t., Dutchess CO., N. Y., 74 s. Albany, 311 W. Salt, r., Ky., rises in Mercer co., and flowing N. into Anderson co., it turns w. and enters the Ohio at West Point, between Jefferson and Har- din counties, 20 ms. below Louisville. It is 200 yards wide at its mouth, and boatable 150 ms. Fifteen ms. from its mouth it receives on the s. .side a branch nearly as large as itxeU, called the Rolling Fork, which last, receives in Nelson co. a large branch called Beechy Fork. All these branches of Salt r., though diverging widely, rise near each other. These streams water some of the most fertile portions of the state. Salt, r., Mo., rises in Iowa ter. and flows s., inclining e., to the border of Ralls co., when it pursues a very winding course n. e., and then turns s. e. until it joins the Mississippi, 85 ms. above the Missouri. It is navigable to some extent. Salt River, p-o., Audrain co.. Mo., 58 n. by E. Jeflferson City, 930 W. Saltsburg, p-v., Conemaugh t., Indiana co.. Pa., 179 w. N. w. llarrisburg, 205 W. Situated on the E. bank of Conemaugh r., and contains 1 church, 4 stores, cap. $16,000; 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 13 saw m. Caj). in manufac. .$1,080. Pop. 339. There are many salt works in the vicinity. Salt Springville, p-o., Canajoharie t., Mont- gomery CO., N. Y., 63 w. Albany, 381 W. Salt Sulphur Springs, p-o., Monroe co., Va., 232 w. Richmond, 269 W. The estate on which these springs are located contains 1 church free to all denominations, and 90 inhabitants, 52 whites and 3S blacks. Here are ample accom- modations for 300 visiters. The springs possess valuable properties. Saltville, p-v., Smyth co., Va., 283 w. by s. Richmond, 356 W. Situated near the n. fork of Holston r. There are valuable salt springs in the vicinity, and gypsum is found. It contains 2 grist m., 1 saw m., and about 150 inhabitants. Salubria, p-o., Dix t., Chemung co., N. Y., 191 w. s. w. Albany, 302 W. Salubrity, p-o., Pickens dist., S. C. Salubrity, po., Gadsden co., Flor. Saluda, p-t., Jefferson co., la., 100 s. s. E. In- dianapolis, 572 W. Pop. 1,285. Salvlsa, p-v., Mercer co.. Ivy., 21 s. Frank- fort, 563 W. Sa.mmonsville, p-o., Fulton co., N. Y. Sampson, county, N. C. Situated a little s. ot the centre of the state, and contains 800 sq. ms. South r. runs on its w. border. Drained by Black r. and its branches, all tributaries of Cape Fear r. Capital, Clinton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,735, sheep 4,432, swine 20,562, wheat 3,872 bush, produced, rye 1,061, Ind. corn 130,951, oats 2,126, potatoes 96,127, rice 29,974 pounds, cotton 342,300; 8 .stores, cap. $10,500; 16 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 acad. 35 students, 13 sch. 272 scholars. Pop. whites 7,473, slaves 4,423, free col'd 237; total, 12,157. Sampsondale, v., Haverstraw t., Rockland CO., N. Y. It contains 1 Presbyterian church, an academy, 3 stores, 1 iron wire fac, 1 rolling and slitting m., 1 chemical works, and about 30 dwellings. Samptown, v., Piscataway t., Middlesex co., N. J., 8 N. New Brunswick. Situated on Cedar cr., a branch of Raritan r. It contains 1 Baptist church, 1 store, and about 12 dwellings. Sam's Creek, p-o., Carroll co., Md., 62 n. w. Annapolis, 63 W. Sam's Creek, p-o., Davidson co., Tenn., 21 w. Nashville, 705 W. Samuelsburg, p-v., Putnam co., la., 42 w. In- dianapolis, 614 W. Sancon Valley, p-o., Lehigh co.. Pa. Sand Bank, p-o., Albion t., Oswego co., N. Y., 147 w. N. w. Albany, 393 W. Sanbor.nton, p-t., Belknap co., N. H., 21 n. Concord, 502 W. Great bay of Winnipiseogee lake bounds it on the e., Pemigewasset r., for a short distance, on the w. The surface is un- even ; soil, fertile. Incorporated in 1770. It contains 3 churches — 2 Baptist and one Congre- gational — and an academy. It has 5 stores, cap. $12,51X); 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 700 sp., 4 tanneries, 2 printing offices, 7 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufiic $52,630. 1 acad. 14S students, 23 sch. 1,037 scholars. Pop. 2,745. Sanbornton Bridge, p-v., Sanbornton t., Belknap co., N. H., 17 n. Concord, 498 W. Sancoty Head, Mass., is the e. point of Nan- tucket Island, 41° 16' n. lat. 126° 52' w. Ion. Sandburg, p-o., Fallsbiirv t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 98 s. w. Albany, 303 VV. Sandersville, p-v., Chester dist., S. C, 66 N. Columbia, 461 W. Sandersville, p-v., capital of Washington CO., Ga., 28 s. e. Milledgevilie, 658 W. It con- tains a court house, jail, an academy, 7 stores, and about 23 dwellings. Sandford, t., York co.. Me. It has 5 stores, cap. $7,900; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac. Cap. in manufac. $3,200. 20 sch. 1,052 scholars. Pop. 2,233. Sandford, p-t., Broome co., N. Y., 120 s. e. Albany, 304 W. The surface is hilly and moun- tainous ; soil, adapted to grazing. Drained by Ocquaga cr., which flows into Delaware r. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 9 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $1,600. 9 sch. 369 scholars. Pop. 1,173. Sand Fort, p-o., Russell co., Ala., 188 e. s. e. Tuscaloosa, 775 W. Sandgate, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., Ill s. Montpelier, 421 W. The surface is mountain- ous and broken ; soil, fertile in the valleys, and adapted to grazing, in its elevated parts. Char- SAN 596 SAN tered in 1761. Drained by branches of" Batten- kill r., and of White cr. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,035. 9 sch. 206 scholars. Pop. 776. Sand Hill, p-o., Scotland co., Mo., 171 n. Jef- ferson City, 93-i W. S.4.NDRIDGES, p-0., Amherst co., Va., 128 w. Richmond, 18!) W. Sandisfield, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 126 w. by s. Boston, 3ul W. The surface is elevated and uneven ; soil, fertile, adapted to grazing. Drained by a branch of Farmington r., which runs on its boundary in the s. E. part. It con- tains 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist churcli. Incorporated in 1736. First settled in 1750. It has 8 stores, cap. $18,800 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in man- ufixc. $24,275. 14 sch. 382 scholars. Pop. 1,464. Sand Lake, p-t., Rensselaer co., N. V., 17 e. Albany, 384 W. The surface is hilly and rough, with much wa.ste land, and some fertile valleys. It contains several ponds. Drained by Poesten- kill and WynanUkill creeks. The v. contains 2 stores, 2 cotton fac, 2 sattmet fac, 1 blast fur- nace, 1 saw m., 1 tannery, and about 25 dvyell- ings. There are in the t. 11 stores, cap. $14,0oO ; 1 cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 2 tanneries, 1 glass fac, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 27 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $91,825. 21 sch. 1,258 scholars. Pop. 4,303. Sa.\dover, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 81 w. Columbia, 534 W. Sandow.\, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 2C s. e. Concord, 467 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile. Watered by Exeter r. Cub pond, a small body of water, lies on its e. border. Incor- porated in 1756. It has 3 stores, cap. $1,000; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac^ $3,950. 4 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 525. Sands Point, Hempstead t., Queens co., N. Y,, projects into Long Island sound, and contains a lighthouse. Sand Ridge, p-o., Menard co., III., 27 n. Springfield, 807 W. Sa.ndsville, p-v., Clinton co., Mo. Sandton, p-v., Kershaw dist., S. C, 55 n. e. Columbia, 451 W. Sa.vd Town, p-v., Kent co., Del., 19 s. w. Do- ver, 105 W. Sand Town, p-v., Campbell co., Ga., 100 w. N. w. Milledgeville, 695 W. Sandusky, r., O., rises in Richland and Craw- ford counties, and flows n. into Sandusky bay. It is 90 nis. long, and though a rapid stream, af- fords good navigation at high water. A portage of 4 ms. connects it with the Scioto r. It has good land on its borders. Sandusky, county, O. Situated toward the N. w. part of the state, and contains 320 sq. ms. Drained by Sandusky r. and its branches. Port- age r. crosses its n. w. comer. The sur/ace is low and level ; soil, fertile. Capital, Lower San- dusky. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,613, sheep 8,452, swine 33,914; wheat 119,122 bush, produced, rye 8,890, Ind. corn 142,628, buck- wheat 7,732, barley 1,962, oats 77,072, potatoes 78,403 ; sugar 83,722 pounds ; 2 commission houses, cap. $11,000; 14 stores, cap. $6S,600 ; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 3 flouring m., 8 grist m., 26 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $120,109. 56 sch. 5,159 scholars. Pop. 10,182. Sandusky, p-o., Freedom t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 272 w. by s. Albany, 343 W. Sandusky, p-v., port of entry and capital, Erie CO., O., 110 N. Columbus, 414 W. Situated on the 8. shore of Sandusky bay, fronting the opening into Lake Erie, of which it has a beautiful view. The entire town is based upon an inexhaustible quarry of the finest building stone, which has been extensively used in the erection of its edi- fices. At all times of the year, excepting 3 win- ter months, the wharves are thronged witli steam- boats and other vessels, and the view is enliven- ed by their arrival and departure. It contains 4 splendid churches ; an academy of stone, 3 stories high ; 26 stores, besides groceries and provision houses ; a ship-yard, where steamboats and other vessels are built ; 300 dwellings, and about 1,200 inhabitants. Sandusky, t., Crawford co., O. It has 7 sch. 325 scholars. Pop. 679. Sandusky, t., Richland co., O. It has 8 sch. 571 scholars. Pop. 1,465. Sandusky, t., Sandusky co., O. It has 3 sch. 67 scholars. Pop. 579. Sandwich, p-t., Carroll co., N. H., 49 n. Con- cord, 530 W. The surface is uneven and moun- tainous, with some fertile land. Squam lake lies partly in its s. e. corner. Watered by Bearcamp r., the s. branch of which pa.sses through Bear- camp pond. Another pond in its s. part dis- charges its waters s. into Winnipiseogee lake. A small stream flows vv. into Pemigewasset r. Chartered hi 1763. It has 7 stores, cap. $9,700 ; 2 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 5 grist m., 8 saw in., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $7,000. 1 acad. 34 stu- dents, 20 sch. 785 scholars. Pop. 2,625. Sandwich, pt., Barnstable co., Mass., 53 s. s. E. Boston, 459 W. Situated on the isthmus of Cape Cod, between Buzzard's and Cape Cod bays. It is the most agricultural t. in the co., with some light and unproductive land. It has a number of ponds, which afford fine fishing and fowling. Deer are still found in this vicinity. The principal v. is situated on Cape Cod bay, and contains 4 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Unitarian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic; and an academy, a large glass fac, and about 100 dwellings. There are, in other parts of the t., 6 other churches — 4 Methodist, 1 Congregational, and 1 Friends. A ship canal, 5 ms. long, through level ground, would connect Buzzard's and Cape Cod bays, and save the tedious navigation around the cape. A considerable quantity of salt is manufactured in this t. There are m the t. 17 stores, cap. $28,750 ; 1 tannery, 1 glasshouse, 7 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $283,350. 3 acad. 180 students, 21 sch. 1,130 scholars. Pop. 3,719. Sandy, r.. Me., rises in Franklin co., and after a course of 45 ms., first s. e. and then n. e., it enters Kennebec r. in Starks t., Somerset co. It flows through a fertile country. Sandy, r., Va. and Ky., rises in Logan co., Va., and flowing N. w., divides Logan and Tazewell counties, Va., and thence, inclining n., it separ- ates the states of Va. and Ky. for nearly 200 ms. until it enters the Ohio r. at Catletsburg, Ky. It is 200 yards wide at its mouth. It receives sev- eral tributaries, the largest of which is the west fork, at Louisa, Ky. The Sandy is navigable for batteaux 50 ms. from its mouth. Sandy, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,000. 16 sch. 554 scholars. Pop. 1,444. Sandy, t., Starke co., O. It has 1 sch. 34 scholars. Pop. 1,265. Sandy, p-o., Jackson co., Va., 355 w. N. w. Richmond, 324 W. Sandy, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 141 e. n. e. Columbus, 298 W. Sandv Bay, v., Gloucester t., Essex co., Mass SAN 597 SAN Situated on the e. side of Cape Ann, 5 ms. from Gloucester liarbor. A pier and breakwater have been constructed for the security of shipping. Sandy Bottom, p-o., Middlesex co., Va., 103 E. Richmond, 165 W. Sandy Bridge, p-o., Carroll co., Tenn., 87 w. Nashville, 771 W. Sa.ndy Creek, N. Y., rises in Orleans co., and flows into Lake Ontario in Clarkson t., Monroe co. Sandy Creek, p-t., Oswego co., N. Y., 161 w. N. vv. Albany, 391 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Little Sandy cr. and other streams flowing iiito Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the w. It has 4 stores, cap. $4,000; 1 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap in manufac. $8,600. 1 acad. 43 students, 22 sch. 483 scholars. Fop. 2,420. Sandy Creek, p-t., Mercer co., Pa., 228 w. n. w. Ilarrisburg, 302 W. It has three stores, cap. $6,540 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 6 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,670. 17 sch. 474 scholars. Pop. 1,965. Sandy Creek, t., Venango co., Pa. It has 2 furnaces, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,400. Pop. 029. Sandy Creek, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 71 w. Raleigh, 322 W. Sandy Creek, p-o., Oglethorpe co., Ga., 69 w. Milledgeville, 602 VV. Sandy Grove, p-o., Chatham co., N. C, 58 w. Raleigh, 309 W. Sandy Grove, p-o., Warren co., Ga., 53 e. n. E. Milledgeville, 654 W. Sandy Hill, p-v., and semi-capital of Wash- ington CO., N. Y., 53 N. Albany, 423 W. Situated on the E. side of Hudson r. Incorporated in 1810, and contains a courthouse, 3 churches — 1 Pres- byterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — 8 stores and groceries, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 furnaces, 1 machine shop, 1 tannery, 150 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. There is a fall of about 12 feet in the r., in the upper part of the v. ; and 100 rods below, with a continuous descent, are Baktr's Falls, with 50 feet perpendicular descent — the latter creating a great water power, as yet unimproved. The navigable feeder of the Champlain canal, 1 m. E., passes through the place. Sandy' Hill, p v., Worcester co., Md., 124 s. E. Annapolis, 164 W. Sandy Hill, p-o., Henry co., Tenn., 86 w. Nashville, 772 W. Sandy Hook, 3Iiddletown t., Monmouth co., N. J., is a sandy beach extending n. from Old Shrewsbury inlet and the s. point of the high- lands of Neversiiik, 6 ms., and is from half a m. to a m. wide. It encloses Sandy Hook bay, 7 ms. long and 6 wide. There is a lighthouse on its N. part. As the sand is accumulating and ex- tending the point .\., a new lighthouse has been erected on Flinn's Noll, half a m. n. of the for- mer. Sandy Lake, p-t., Mercer co.. Pa., 228 \. n. w. Harrisburg, 283 W. The surface is level ; soil, clay and loam. Drained by Sandy cr., which flows into Sandy lake in the n. w. angle of the t. It has 3 stores, cap. .$6,900 ; 1 furnace, 3 ful- ling m., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 9 saw m., 1 oil m. 8 sch. 184 scholars. Pop. 1,566. Sandy Plains, p-o., Patrick co., Va., 235 w. s. w. Richmond, 310 W. Sandy Plains, po., Rutherford co., N. C, 230 w. by s. Raleigh, 467 W. Sandy Point, Mass. The n. extremity of Nantucket island. Sandy Ridge, p-o., Henry co., Ga., 59 w. N. w. MilledgeviUe 667 W. Sandy Ridge, p-o., Lowndes co., Ala., 136 s. e. Tuscaloosa, 867 W. Sandy River, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 184 ,s. w. Richmond, 267 W. Sandy River (^iiurcii, po.. Prince Edward CO., Va., 80 w. s. w. Richmond, 170 W. It con- tains a church, founded in 176S by Episcopalians, now free to all denominations, 1 store, and seve- ral dwellings. Sandy Run, p-o., Cleveland co., N. C. Sandy Run, p-o., Lexington dist., S. C, 16 w Columbia, 522 W. Sandy Spring, p-o., IMontgomery co., Md., 60 w. s. w. Annapolis, 20 W. Sandy Spring, p-o., Fayette co., Tenn., 201 w. s. w. Nashville, 896 W. Sandyston, p-t., Sussex co., N. J., 87 n. Tren- ton, 256 W. Bounded vv. by Delaware r. The surface on the e. is mountainous, on the w. a rich alluvion. Watered by Big and Little Flat Kill creeks. It has 1 store, cap. $6,500; 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $70,000. 9 sch. 279 scholars. Pop. 1,209. Sandyville, p-v., Sandy t., Tuscarawas co., O., 123 N. E. Columbus, 318 W. Sanford, p-t., York co.. Me., 83 s. w. Augusta, 512 W. Watered by 3Iousum r., which affords water power. Incorporated in 1768. It has 5 stores, cap. $7,900 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac. Cap. in manufac. $3,200. 20 sch. 1,052 scholars. Pop. 2,233. Sanford, p-o., Ingham co., Mich., 100 w. by n Detroit, 586 W. Sanford's Corners, p-o., Le Ray t., Jefferson CO., N. Y., 169 N. w. Albany. Sangamon, r.. III., rises in a small lake in Ver- milion CO., and flows s. w., and then turns n. w., and finally w., until it vmites witti Illinois river, between Cass ind Mason counties. It receives numerous tributaries. It flows through one of the richest and most pleasant portions of the state. It is navigable for small steamboats to the junc- tion of the N. and s. forks ; and in high water one has proceeded to within 5 ms. of Springfield. Sangamon, county, 111. Situated near the cen- tre of the state, and contains 900 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Sangamon r. and its numerous branches, which afford abundant water power. The sur- face is gently uudnlaling; soil, calcareous loam, from 1 to 3 feet deep, mixed with fine sand, and very fertile. Organized in 1S21. It is one of the richest and most flourishing counties in the state. Capital, Springfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,S78, sheep 18,233, swine 69,016 ; wheat 74,522 bush, prod., rye 8,533, Ind. corn 1,390,160, barley 2,359, oats 193,875, potatoes 44,852, tobac- co 2,000 pounils; 50 stores, cap. $325,000 ; 9 tan- neries, 4 distilleries, 4 potteries, 5 flouring m., 23 grist m., 40 saw m., 21 oil m., 3 printing offices, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $195,625. 3 acad. 192 students, 20 sch. 844 scholars. Pop. 14,716. Sangerfield, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 15 s. Utica, 88 w. n. w. Albany, 372 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, a fertile loam. Drained by Che- nango r. and Oriskany cr. Tlie v. contains 1 Presbyterian church, 1 store, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. S57,0tX); 2 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $126,150. 2 acad. 150 students, 12 sch. 662 scholars. Pop. 2,251. Sangerville, p-t., Piscataquis co., Me., 77 n. w. Augusta, 672 VV. Situated on the height of land between Penobscot and Kennebec rs. In- corporated in 1814. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile. It has a pond, the outlet of which forms SAR 598 SAR a head stream of Sebastieook r. It has 4 tanner- ies, 11 sch. 510 scholars. Pop. 1,197. S.\NGRUN, p-o., Alleghany cc, Md. S.\NiL.ic, county, Mich. Situated in the N. E. part of the .settled portion of the peninsula, and contains 730 sq. ms. Lake Huron bounds it on the E. Drained by Cass and Delude rivers. Un- organized. Sa.nta, p-o., Jackson co., Ala., 154 n. e. Tus- caloosa, 679 W. Santa Anna, p-o., De Witt co.. 111., 84 n. e. Springfield, 719 W. Santa Fe, p-o., Alexander co., 111., 228 s Springfield, 862 W. Sapling Grove, p-o., Washington co., Va., 317 w. by s. Richmond, 385 W. Sappington, p-v., St. Louis co., Mo., 140 e. Jefferson City, 820 W. Saracta, p-o., Duplin co., N. C, 94 s. e. Ra- leigh, 320 W. Sarah, p-o., Bedford co.. Pa., 122 w. Harris- burg, 148 W. Sarahsville, p-v., Noble t., Morgan co., O., 99 E. s. E. Columbus, 325 W. It is near Buffalo Fork of Wills cr., and contains 1 store, and about 40 inhabitants. Sarahsville, p-v., Franklin co., 111., 181 s. Springfield, 830 W. Saranac, r., N. Y., rises in Saranac lake, in Franklin co., near the source of Racket r., which flows to the St. Lawrence, and flows n. e. until, in Plattsburgh, it turns w., and enters Cumber- land bay of Lake Champlain at the v. It affords extensive water power, and has a fine fall imme- diately above its mouth in Plattsburgh v., where are mills. Saranac Lake, Hamilton co., N. Y., is 10 ms. long and 2 or 3 wide, and is connected with Lower Saranac lake through Round lake. Saranac, p-t., Clinton co., N. Y., 15 w. Platts- burgh, 181 N. Albany, 830 W. The surface is hilly and mountainous, and heavily timbered ; soil, in the valley of the Saranac, which waters it, a fertile loam. Iron ore abounds. It has 5 stores, cap. $6,560 ; 1 forge, 1 tannery, 1 glass fac, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Capital in manuiiic. $165,250. 5 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 1,462. Saratoga, county, N. Y. Situated toward the E. part of the state, and contains 800 sq. miles. The surface is various, mountainous in the n. w., the central and s. e. parts hilly, witli .some sandy plains ; soil, sandy or gravelly loam, with some clay, and moderately fertile. Its mineral waters are celebrated everywhere. Marl and bog iron ore are found. Hudson r. bounds it on the e., and partly on the n., and Mohawk r. on ihe s. Drained by Sacandaga r., and Fish and Kaya- derosseras crs. Railroads from Troy and Sche- nectady form a junction at Ballston, and proceed to Saratoga. Capital, Ballston Spa. There were in 1840, neat cattle 40,810, sheep 96,656, swine 51,601 ; wheat 72,001 bush, produced, rye 162,950,- Indian corn 328,631, buckwheat 85,974, barley 17,005, oats 496,089, potatoes 1,019,632, hops 5,767 pounds, silk cocoons 100, sugar 20,910 ; 166 stores, cap. $324,415 ; 12 lumber yards, cap. $13,475: 2 furnaces, 33 fulling m., 21 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 2,023 sp., 27 tannerie-s, 2 distilleries, 1 pottery, 4 flouring m., 37 grist m., 139 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $683,676. 10 acad. 527 students. 164 sch. 6,319 scholars. Pop. 40,553. Saratoga Lake, Saratoga co., N. Y., 4 s. e. Saratoga, 5 e. Ballston Spa, is 9 ms. long and 2 wide. It affords fine fish, and is much resorted to in the summer by visiters to Saratoga springs. Saratoga, t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 6 n. Ballston Spa, 36 N. Albany. The surface is level or un- dulating, excepting on the n. w., where it is hilly ; soil, liglit sand, or sandy loam, productive with good cultivation. Drained by Ellis's cr. flowing into Kayaderosseras cr., which bounds it on the s. It has 8 stores, cap. $17,300 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $41,900. 1 academy 50 students, 7 sch. 454 scholars. Pop. 2,624. Saratoga Springs, t., Saratoga co., N. Y. The surface is mostly level or undulating, except in the n. w., where it is hilly ; soil, light sand, or sandy loam. Drained by some small streams en- tering Kayaderosseras cr., which bounds it on the .s. in part. It has 42 stores, cap. $54,640 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac $46,589. 4 acad. 175 students, 5 sch. 255 scholars. Pop. 3,334. Saratoga Springs, p-v., Saratoga co., N. Y., 36 N. Albany, 406 W. The most celebrated wa- tering place in the United States. The v. is built chiefly on several streets, and contains a number of the largest and most splendid hotels and board- ing houses in the country, which, in the watering season, are abundantly filled. The v. was incor- porated in 1826, and contains 6 churches — 1 Pres- byterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Universalist, and 1 Roman Catholic — an insu- rance company, an academy, a female seminary, 35 stores, 3 printing offices, 300 dwellings, and about 2,500 inhabitants. The principal springs are Congress, Washington, Putnam's, Pavilion, Iodine, Hamilton, and Flat Rock springs. 1 mile e. are the Ten springs. The springs differ some in their properties. The following is an analysis, by Dr. Steel, of the Congress water, which is more used than any other. 1 gallon, or 231 cubic inches, of water contained the following sub- stances : — Chloride of sodium, (sea salt,) 385.0 grains. Hydriodate of soda, .... 3.5 " Bicarbonate of do 8.982 " magnesia, . . 95.788 " Carbonate of lime, .... 98.098 " " " iron, .... 5.075 " Silex 1.5 " Hydrobromate of potash — a trace. Total grains, 597.943 311 cubic inches. 7 " Carbonic acid gas, Atmospheric air. Gaseous contents, 318 " " Sarcoxie, p-v., Barry CO., Mo., 200. s. w. Jeffer- son City, 1,135 W. Situated on the s. side of Centre cr. Sardinia, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 28 s. E. Buffalo, 276 w. Albany, 343 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, moist clay loam, well adapted to grass. Drained by Cattaraugus cr., which bounds it on the s. The v. contains 1 Baptist church, 2 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t. 1 store, cap. $1,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 fur- nace, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,500. 13 sch. 446 scholars. Pop. 1,743. Sardinia, p-v., Washington t.. Brown co., O., 92 s. w. Columbus, 459 W. It contains 1 church, 1 store, 1 oil m., 1 carding machine, 15 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. Sardis, p-o., Burke co., Ga., 97 E. Milledge- ville, 620 W. Sarepta, p-o., Lafayette co., Miss., 160 n. n. E. Jackson, 913 W. Sargeantsville, p-v., Amwell t., Hunterdwi SAU 599 SAV CO., N. J.,23 Trenton, 180 W. It contains 1 store, 8 or 10 dwellings, and the Mantua Manual Labor Institute. Satartia, p-v., Yazoo co.. Miss., 52 n. w. Jack- son, 1,041 W. Situated on the e. side of Yazoo r. It contains several stores, and about 150 in- habitants. , r. ,^ 1 Saugatuck, r., Ct., rises in Ridgefield, and enters Long Island sound in Westport t., between 2 and 3 ms. below the v. Saugatuck, p-o., Allegan co., Mich., 183 w. Detroit, 648 W. Saugerties, p-t., Ulster co., N. Y., 10 n. King- ston, 45 s. by w. Albany, 331 W. The surface is level near Hudson r., which bounds it on the E. It is mountainous w., extending on to the Cattskill mountains. Tlie soil is fertile. Drain- ed by Platteldll and Esopus creeks, which flow into Hudson r. The p-o. has the same name as the t., but the v. in which it is located has received the name of Ulster. There are in the t.23 stores, cap. $95,000; 1 woollen fac, 12 bloomeries, 3 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 4 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $132,700. 17 sch. 1,109 scholars. Pop. 6,216. Saugus, p-t., Essex co., Mass., 11 n. Boston, 451 W. Watered by Saugus r., which enters Lynn bay. The surface is level near the r. and bay, with extensive salt marsh, but the uplands are rocky and rough. Incorporated from Lynn in 18 1 5. It contains 2 cluirches— 1 Congregation- al and 1 Methodist. It has 3 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $5,000 ; 1 fulling m., I wool- len fac, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $68,000. 5 sch. 375 scholars. Pop. 1,098. 1 S-auk, county, Wi.s. Situated toward the N. w. part of the settled portion of tlie ter. Bound- ed s. and s. E. by Wisconsin r., which flows into Mississippi r. Watered by Baraboa r. and other branches of Wisconsin r. It contains 860 sq. ms. Capital, Prairie du Sac. There were in 1840, neat rattle 148, swine 82; wheat 464 bush, pro- duced, oats 1,795, potatoes 1,235; 1 store, cap. $500. Pop. 102. Sault de St. Marie, p-v., capital of Cliippe- wa CO., Mich., 400 n. Detroit, 921 W. Situated on the s. side of the rapids of St. Mary's strait, a little below Lake Superior. The v. is on the site of an old French fort, and has an elevated and pleasant situation. It contains a court house, jail, 3 cluirches— 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catliolic— 3 stores. Fort Brady, with a farrison, and a trading house of the American 'ur Company, who own one of the stores. Con- nected with the Baptist church is a missionary school for Indian children, for which $1,000 an- nually are appropriated by the general govern- ment. The Methodists have also a missionary school, and there is a school in the fort for the children of the officers and citizens. Vessels come to the foot of the rapids, and the cargoes are transported three fourths of a m. by land, to the head of the rapids, and re-shipped. The mail arrives here weekly ui summer, and once in 6 weeks in winter. The thermometer often sinks in winter to 25° or 30° below zero. Great quan- tities of whitefish, and other kinds, are caught here, of a superior quality. The population, con- sisting of Americans, French, and Indians, is about 800, though at times many more. Saunders, p-o., Sumner co., Tenn., 61 N. e. Nashville, 670 W. Saundersville, p-v., Vanderburg co., la., 162 s. s. w. Indianapolis, 732 W. SAftUOiT, p-v., Paris t., Oneida co., N. Y., 90 w. N. w. Albany, 379 W. Situated on both sides of Sadaquada or Saquoit cr., and contains 2 churches, 4 stores, 2 cotton fac, 1 paper m., 2 flouring m., 1 clothier's works, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Here is an inflammable sulphur spring, the gas from which is used in lighting a public house. Savage, p-o., Anne Arandel co., Md., 20 n. w. Annapolis, 20 W. There are extensive iron works in the vicinity. Savannah, r., Ga., forms the n. e. boundary of the slate, separating it from S. C. It is formed by the union of Tugalo and Kiowee rivers, near the s. E. corner of Franklin co., 100 ms. above Augusta, and flowing s. e., it enters the Atlantic through Tybee sound, in 32° n. lat. The largest vessels come to Five Fathom hole, 3 ms. below Savannah, and 18 ms. from the ocean ; and large brigs come to the wharves in Savannah. Steam- boats come to Augusta, 127 ms. by land, and 340 by water, from its mouth, and pole boats go 150 ms. above Augusta. The tide flows up the r. but 25 ms. Savannah, p-t., Wayne co., N. Y., 11 K. Ly- ons, 168 w. Albany, 348 W. The surface is level and swampy on the s. e., covered by the Monte- zuma marshes. The soil on the N. w. is fertile. Near the centre is Crusoe lake, the outlet of which flows into Seneca r. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000; 1 tannery, 1 saw m., 8 sch. 511 scholars. Pop. 1,718. Savannah, p-o., Richland co., O., 86 n. by E. Columbus, 375 W. Savannah, city, port of entry, and capital of Chatham county, Georgia, is situated on the s. w. bank of the Savannah river, 17 miles from its mouth. It is in 32° 8' n. lat. and 81° 10' w. Ion. I from Greenwich, and 4° 10' w. from Washington. It is 118 s. w. from Charleston ; 123 s. E. Augus- ta ; 158 E. s. E. Milledgeville; 662 s. by w. from W. The population in 1810, was 5,195 ; in 1820, 7,523; in 1830, 7,776 ; in 1840, 11,214— of which 4,694 were slaves. Employed in commerce, 604 ; in manufactures and trades, 707 ; navigating the ocean, canals, &c., 241 ; learned professions, 131. The city is built on a sandy plain, elevated about 40 feet above the level of the tide. It was formerly considered unhealthy, which chiefly arose from the rice grounds in the neighborhood ; but the citizens subscribed $70,000 to induce the owners of the plantations to substitute a dry for a wet cultivation of that article, by which the health of the city has been much improved. The city is regularly laid out in the form of a parallelogram, with streets, many of them wide, crossing each other at right angles. There are 10 public squares, containing 2 acres each, at equal distances from each other. These squares, and many of the streets, are bordered with trees, and particularly with the Pride of India, which gives them a beautiful appearance. Many of the houses are of brick, and a considerable number of them are elegant. On the E. and w. of the city are marshes ; and a pine barren extends 2 miles to the s. It has a good harbor. Vessels requiring 14 feet of water come up to the wharves of the city, and larger vessels come up to Fathom Hole, 3 ms. below. The city is defended by Fort Wayne on the E. side, and by Fort Jackson at Fathom Hole, 3 ms. below. Much of the trade of Georgia centres in Savannah — the principal articles of which are cotton and rice. 20 steamboats of a large size, and 50 steam tow-boats, navigate the river. On Tybee island, at the mouth of the river, is a light-house. One line of packets, con- sisting of 2 ships and 4 brigs, one vessel sailing from each place weekly — and another, consisting of 6 brigs, ply between this place and New York. SAY 600 SCH The Savannah river furnishes great facilities for I internal trade, and this river is connected to the Ocmulgee by a canal 16 miles long, which ter- minates at Savannah. There are 11 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 2 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 Lutheran, 1 Bethel, 1 Roman Catholic, 1 Jews' Synagogue, and 2 African. The Exchange is a heavy Gothic build- ing, 5 stories high ; the academy is 180 feet long by 60 wide, 3 stories high. The City Hall, the Hospital, the Court House, the Theatre, and 2 banks, are other public buildings. The two banks have an aggregate capital of $1,670,000. The tonnage of the port in 1840, was 17,930. There were 2 foreign commercial and 50 commission houses,with a capital of $943,500 ; 191 retail stores, cap. $8.55,190; 8 lumber yards, cap. $49,000; paints, drugs, &c., cap. $35,800 : 3 brick and 45 wooden houses built, cost $138,100; 4 printing offices, 2 binderies, 3 daily, 3 weekly, 3 semi- weekly newspapers, cap. $22,000. Total cap. in manufac. $105,460. 3 acad. 385 students, 7 sch. 470 scholars. This city was founded in 1733 by Gen. James Oglethorpe and others. It was taken by the British in 1776, but they abandoned it in 1782. On the 10th of June, 1820, 463 buildings were burned, occasioning a loss of property amounting to $4,000,000 ; but it has been rebuilt with ad- ditional beauty. Sav.\nnah, p-v., capital of Hardin co., Tenn., 131 s. w. by w. Nashville, 807 W. Situated on the E. bank of Tennessee r., and contains a court house, jail, and about 250 inhabitants. Sav.\nnah, p-v., capital of Carroll co., 111., 202 N. Springfield, 872 W. Situated on the E. side of Mississippi r., above the mouth of Plum creek. it contains a court house and jail, and a number of stores and dwellings. Savannah, p-v., capital of Andrew co., Mo. Situated 5 miles from Missouri r. It contains a temporary courthouse, and about 100 inhabitants. Saverton, p-v., Ralls co., Mo., 107 n. n. e. Jefferson City, 911 W. Situated on the w. bank of the Mississippi r. Pop. of t. 880. Saville, t.. Perry co., Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 fulling m.. 1 woollen fac, 1 fur- nace, 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 grist m., 17 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,313. 7 sch. 280 schol- ars. Pop. 1,283. Savoy, p-t., Berkshire co., Mai-s., 122 w. n.w. Boston. 395 W. The surface is elevated and un- even ; soil, well adapted to grazing. Branches of Hoosic, Deerfield, and Westfield rivers flow from it. Incorporated in 1797. It contauis a Baptist church. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,900; 1 griat m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,050. 9 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 915 Saw Mill, p-o.. Dale co., Ala. Saxenbuug, p-v., Butler co., Pa., 205 w. by n. Harrisburg, 236 VV. Saxe's Mills, p-o., Franklin co., Vt., 76 n. Montpelier, 550 W. Sa.xonville, p-v., Middlesex co., Mass., 22 n. w. Boston, 428 W. Saxton's River, p-o., Windham co., Vt. Saybrook, p-t., Middlesex co., Ct., 42 s. s. e. Hartford, 334 W. The surface is uneven and stony ; soil, to a considerable extent, fertile. Connecticut r. bounds it on the e., and here en- ters Long Island sound. Tlie bar at its mouth has 12 feet of water at the highest tides. Wa- tered by Chester, Petlipaug, and Pochaug rivers. The harbor is on a cove which sets up from Con- necticut r. The r. is not frozen here in the winter. The shad fishery in the spring is very valuable. I-arge quantities of whitefish are taken, and used for manure. The v. at the point contains 1 Con- gregational and 1 Episcopal church. The borough of Essex, 7 ms. from the mouth of the r., contains 4 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an academy, 8 or 10 stores, an extensive ropewalk, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Considerable ship building is car- ried on. A number of vessels are ov.Tied here, employed chiefly in the coa.sting trade. The t. was first settled in 1635. A ferry crosses Con- necticut r. to Lyme. There are in the t. 16 stores, cap. $81,046 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $10,000 ; 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $131,250. 2 acad. 66 students, 13 sch. 578 scholars. Pop. 3,417. Saybrook, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 200 n. e. Columbus, 347 W. Lake Erie lies a little n. of it. Organized in 1826. The name was changed from Wrightsburg in 1826. Many of the inhabit- ants came from Saybrook, Ct. It has 8 sch. 413 scholars. Pop. 934. Saylorsburg, p-v., Monroe co., Pa., 112 n. e. Harrisburg, 205 W. Sayville, p-o., Islip t., SuflTolk co., N. Y., 199 s. s. E. Albany, 279 W. Scaffle Cain, po., Rockcastle co., Ky., 70 s. s. E. Frankfort, 568 W. Scaffold Prairie, p-o., Greene co., la., 83 s. w. Indianapolis, 646 W. Scantic Village, p-v., E. Windsor t., Hart- ford CO., Ct., 12 N. E. Hartford, 348 W. Scarborough, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 10 s. w. Portland, 59 s. w. Augusta, 536 W. It is bounded s. e. by the Atlantic. The soil is fer- tile, with considerable salt marsh. It has 4 stores, cap. $400 : 2 tanneries, 4 grist m. Cap. in man- ufac. $4,260. 14 sch. 854 scholars. Pop. 2,172. Scarborough, p-o., Scriven co., Ga., 63 E. by s. Milledgeville, 637 W. Scarsdale, t., Westchester co., N. Y., 4 s. White Plains, 135 s. Albany. The surface is rolling; soil, sandy and clay loam. Drainedby Bronx r., which bounds it on the w. Pop. 225. Schaghticoke, p-t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 20 N. Albany, 39" W. The surface is undulating ; soil, sand, clay, and loam. Hudson r. bounds it on the w. Drained by Hoosic r. and Tomhanic rr. The V. is situated on Hoosic- r., 4 miles e. Hudson r., and contains 3 churches, 6 stores, 2 cotton fac. 6,000 sp. 150 looms, 1 machine shop, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 2 pow- der m., 175 dwellings, and about 1,400 inhabit- ants. It possesses a great water power. The t. has 10 stores, cap. $18,700; 1 fulling m., 4 cotton fac. 5,807 sp., 2 powder m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $209,550. 15 sch. 839 scholars. Pop. 3,3_S9. Scoellsbury, p-o., Bedford co.. Pa., 112 w. Harrisburg, 138 W. Schenectady, county, N. Y. Situated toward the E. part of the state, and contains 200 square ms. The surface is diversified ; soil, various. The flats along the Moliawk r. are extensive, and very fertile. Watered by Mohawk r. The Erie canal and the western and northern railroads pass through it. Capital, Schenectady. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,808, sheep 18,094, swine 13,063; wheat 13,113 bush, produced, rye 52,278, Ind. corn 62,597, buckwheat 41,2-!8, bar- ley 100,524, oats 216,968, potatoes 210,535, sugar 4,423 pounds ; 45 stores, cap. $78,801) ; 2 furnaces, j 7 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 2,000 I sp., 4 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 flouring m., 8 grist I m., 23 saw m., 1 oil m , 1 printing office, 1 weekly I newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $113,700. 1 col- lege 30 students, 3 acad. 83 students, 57 scliools I l,a72 scholars. Pop. 17,387. SCH 601 SCH Schenectady, city, and capitrJ ol .Schenecta- dy CO., N. Y., 16 N. w. Albany, ^34 W. Situated on the s. bank of Mohawk r. It is an ancient place, having been s^ettled by llie Dutcli as a trading post in U)"20. It was chartered as a city in 1793, and contains a city hall, jail, clerk's and surro- gate's office, a market, lyceutn, female academy, S banking houses, besides a savings bank, 9 churches — 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Cameronian, 1 Universalist, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 African — 100 stores and groceries, 1 cotton fac, 2 flouring m., 2 iron foundries, 1 brewery, 1 tobacco fac, 1 steam flouring m., 3 tanneries, 2 machine shops, 1 plougli and wagon fac, 1,001) dwellings, and (',734 inhabitants. The buildings of Union Col- lege, 3 in number and spacious, are pleasantly situated on an eminence, half a mile e. of the city. This institution was founded iii 17'J5, con- tains a president and II professors or other m- structors, has had 2,02J alumni, of whom 308 have been ministers of the gospel, has 258 stu- dents, and 13,0(10 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the 4lh Wednesday of July. Its philosophical and other apparatus is very complete. Attached to this college is about 2.50 acres of land, part of which is designed to be ap- propriated to groves and walks. ScHLOssER, N. v., the she of an old fort, a lit- tle above Niagara Falls, rendered famous by the burning of the C'aroliue steamboat by the British, during the late Canadian rebellion. ScHiMiCKSBURG,p-v., Mahouing t., Indiana co.. Pa., 179 w. Harrisburg, 232 W. Situated on Lit- tle 3Iahoriing cr., and contains a store and 8 or 10 dwellings. ScnoD.iC, t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 14 s. Troy, 7 s. by E. Albany. The surface is undulating and hilly ; soil, clay, loam, sand, and gravel. Drained by small creeks, flowing into Hudson r., which bounds it on the w. It has 13 stores, cap. $32,150 ; 3 fulling m., 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,500. 23 schools 1,133 scholars. Pop. 4,125. ScHODAC Centre, p-o., Schodac t., Rensse- laer CO., N. Y., 6 s. by e. Albany, 371 W. Here is a small settlement. Schodac Landing, p-v., Schodac t., Rensse- laer CO., iN. Y., 12 s. by e. Albany, 353 W. Sit- uated on the e. side of Hudson r., and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 2 warehouses, 5') dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. Several sloops owned here ply between this place and New York. ScHOENECK, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 45 e. Harrisburg, 135 W. Schoharie, county, N. Y. Situated toward the E. part of the stale, and contains 621 sq. ms. Organized in 1795. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, fertile, especially on the streams. On the uplands it is adapted lo grazing. Watered by Schoharie creek and ils tributaries. Water limestone, bog iron ore, and sulphur springs are found. The latter, at Sharon, are becoming celebrated. Capital, Schoharie. There were in 1840, neat cattle 37,633, sheep 71,253, swine 31,865 ; wheat 72,871 bush, produced, rye 129,342, Indian corn 67,890, buckwheat 80,6)9, barley 217,47 -t, oats 497,953, potatoes 600,396, sugar 13:1765 pounds; 81 stores, cap. §18^,500; 30 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 32 tanneries, 1 brew- ery, 36 grist m., 160 saw in., 1 paper fac, 2 print- ing offices, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in man- idiic $163,000. 5 acad. 306 students, 199 schools 9,294 scholars. Pop. 32,353. Schoharie, p-t., capital of Schoharie co., N. Y., 32 w. Albany, 3-<3 W. The surface is uneven. with fertile tlals on the streams. Watered by 76 Schoharie and Fox creeks. The v. contains a court house, jail, county clerk's office, 1 Luther- an church, an academy, 4 stores, various me- chanic shops, 1 grist m., 2 or 3 saw m., 60 dwell- ings, and about 450 inhabitants. There are in the t. 17 stores, cap. $52,300 ; 8 fulling m., 4 tan- neries, 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper, 7 grist m., 32 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac $35,700. 2 acad. 124 students, 25 sch. 1,345 scholars. Pop. 5,534. Schoharie, cr., rises in Greene co., among the Catskill mountains, and flows n. into the Mohawk r., in Montgomery co. It is a rapid stream, and with its tributaries, afTords water power. ScHOODic Lakes, Washington co.. Me. They are a collection of lakes connected by beatable communications, the outlet of which forms a large eastern branch of St. Croix r. They cover a large surface, their borders are densely wooded, and they furnish a great amount of lumber. Schoolcraft, p-v., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 149 w. Detroit, 508 W. The v. is situated near the centre of Prairie Ronde, hi the midst of a fertile farming country. It contains 3 stores, and about 250 inhabitants. Schooley's Moltntain, N. J., forms a part of a chain which extends in a n. e. and s. w. direc- tion across the state, from the Delaware to the Hudson r. It crosses the n. w. part of Morris co., with a height of 600 feet above its base, and about 1,100 feet above the level of the ocean. It is crossed by a turnpike road leading from New York to Easton. A mineral spring near its top has given it considerable celebrity. Schooley's Mount, p-v., Washington t., Mor- ris CO., N. J., 56 N. Trenton, 218 W. The spring here located has a temperature of 56° Fahrenheit, and di.e, p-v., capital of Bullitt co., Ky., 72 w. s. w. Frankfort, 616 W. Situated on the n. side of Salt r. It contains a court house, jail, county clerk's offife, a seminary, and 30J inhabitants. Paroquette Springs, one mile from the v., on the n. bank of Salt r., have beautiful grounds and fine buildings for the accommoda- tion of visiters. Sherburne, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 68 s. Mont- Celiar, 46S W. The surface is mountainous and roken, except a narrow intervale along Quee- chee r., which is fertile. Killington Peak, a southern summit of the Green mountains, having an elevation of 3,924 feet above tidewater, is in the s. part of this t. Queechee r. rises here. It has 3 ponds of ten acres each, from one of which issues Thundering brook, with a considerable fall, afTording water power. Chartered in 1761. First settled in 1785. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $800. 8 sch. 156 scholars. Pop. 496. Sherburne, p-t., 3Iiddlesex co., Mass., 19 s. w. Boston, 420 W. Tlie surface is elevated ; soil, fertile. Watered by Charles r., which bounds it on the e., and Sudbury r. The v., at the centre, contains 2 churches — 1 Congregational and 1 Unitarian. It has maimfactures of boots, shoes, straw bonnets, and whips. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,500 : 1 tannery, 1 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $5,81X). 7 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 995. Sherburne, p-t., Chenango co., N. V., 103 w. Albany, 347 W. The surface is hilly; soil, argillaceous and sandy loam. Drained by Che- nango r. The v. is situated on the e. side of Chenango r., on the Chenango canal. Incorpo- rated in 1830, and contains 4 ciiurfhcs — 1 Pres- byterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an academy, 13 stores, 3 forwarding houses, 1 pottery, 1 furnace, 100 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. There are in the t. 13 stores, cap. $45,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,775. 1 acad. 168 students, 18 sch. .S3;) scholars. Pop. 2,791. Sherburne Mills, p-v., Fleming co., Ky., 83 e. Frankfort, 500 W. Situai-ed on Licking r., and contains 1 Baptist church, and about 100 in- habitants. Sherer.s Cross Roads, p-o., Westmoreland CO., Pa., 196 w. Harrisbnrg, 222 W. Sheridan, p-t., ( iiaiitanque co., N. Y., 324 w. by s. Albiiny, 351 W. I'he surAice is hilly; soil, clay loam, with some sand. Drained by Scott's, Walnut, and other creeks, flowing into Lake Erie, which bounds it on the n. w. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 2 tanneries, 10 saw. Cap. in manufac. $19,415. 12 sch. 591 scholars. Pop. 1,883. Sheridan, t., Calhoun co., Mich. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 saw m , 4 sch. 82 scholars. Pop. 534. Sher.man, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 57 s. w. Hart- ford, 308 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, gene- rally gravelly loam, fertile in the valleys. Drained by Rocky r., a branch of Ilousatonic r. It contains a Congregational church. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,200 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,250. 6 sch. 215 scliolars. Pop. 938. Sherman, p-t., Chautauqua co., N. Y., 357 w. by s. Albany, 346 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, clay and gravelly loam. Drained by French cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,500; 1 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,5.50. 6 sch. 163 scholars. Pop. 1,099. Sherman, p-t., Huron co., O., 15 s. w. Nor- walk, 90 n. by w. Columbus, 412 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $14,000; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manuliic. $21,300. 3 sch. 74 scholars. Pop. 692. Sherman, p-t., St. Joseph co., Mich., 135 w. by s. Detroit, 584 W. Watered by Prairie cr. It has 1 distillery. Pop. 683. Sherman, p-o.. Cook co.. III. Sherrards Store, p-o., Hampshire co., Va., 173 N. w. Richmond, 101 W. Sherrills Ford, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 159 w. bys. Raleigh, 3J6 W. SiiERRonsviLLK, p-o., Carroll co., O., 118 e. N. E.Columbus, 30t W. Sherwood, p-l.. Branch co., Mich., 125 w. s. w. Detroit, 581 W. The soil is I'ertile, adapted to grain. It has 3 sch. 53 scholars. Pop. 367. Sherwoods CoRNEiis, p-o., Scipio t., Cayuga CO., N. Y., 156 vv. Albany, 321 W. SiiESHEauiN, p-t., Bradford co., Pa., 144 n. Harrisburg, 251 W. Surface, hilly ; soil, gravel- ly loam. Drained by small creeks flowing into Susquehanna r. It has 2 stores, cap. .$6,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$9,450. 7 sch. 280 scholars. Pop. 1,010. SiiETUCKET, r., Ct., rises in Windham and Tolland counties, and flowing s. receives Quin- nebaug r., in Norwich, where it becomes the principal constituent of Thames r. It receives Natchaug r. from the E., in Mansfield, and Wil- limantic r. from the \v., in Windham. It afTords good water power. Shiawassee, county, Mich. Situated in the SHI 612 SHO central part of the state, and contains 544 square | miles. Drained by Shiawassee, Looking Glass, and Meshtegayock rivers, some of which afford good water power. Organized in 1837. The surface is rolling or level; soil, fertile. Mineral coal is found. Capital, Corunna. There were in 1840, neat cattle "2,143, sheep 37.5, swine 3,807 ; wheat 19,584 bushels produced, Ind. corn 13,772, oats 10,937, potatoes 23,007, sugar 25,933 pounds ; 6 stores, cap. $11,300; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $46,873. 11 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. 2,103. Shiawassee, p-t., Shiawassee county, Mich., 76 N. w. Detroit, 579 W. Situated on Shiawas- see r., and contains 2 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw- in., and is a growing v. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $4,300 ; 1 tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,959. 4 sch. 83 scholars. Pop. 426. Shickshinny, mt., Pa., runs along the w. side of Susquehanna r., which it crosses in Luzerne county. SnicKSHiNNY, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa., 114 n. e. Harrisburg, 218 W. SHrELDSBORoUGH, p-v.. Capital of Hancock CO., Miss., 212 s. by e. .lackson, 1,162 W. Situ- ated on the vv. side of the mouth of St. Louis bay, which sets up from Lake Borgne. It con- tains a court house and about 100 inhabitants. Shiloh, p-v., Cumberland co., N. J. Shiloii, p-o.. King George co., Va. Shiloh, p-v., Camden co., N. C, 226 n. e. by E. Raleigh, 2S6 W. It contains about 150 in- habitants. Shiloii, p-o., Troup co., Ga., 128 w. Milledge- vilie, 732 W. •Shiloh, p-o., Marengo co., Ala., 97 s. Tusca- loosa, 909 W. Shiloh. p-o., Gibson co., Tenn., 149 w. Nash- ville, 823 W. Shi.ngle CreeKi p-o., St. Lawrence co., N. Y. Shinnecock, bay, Suffolk co., N. Y. It is about 10 miles long, and 3 to 4 broad, separated from the ocean by a narrow gand beach. It pro- duces large quantities of fine shell fish. Shinnston, p-v., Harrison co., Va., 265 n. w. Richmond, 233 W. It contains 1 church, free to all denominations, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 5 saw m., several lumber yards, 20 dwellings and about 125 inhabitants. Lumber is extensively ex- ported. Shipley's Ferry, p-o., Sullivan co., Tenn., 282 e. Nashville, 404 W. Shipped, p-t., McKean co.. Pa., 171 n. w. Har- risburg, 25 4 VV. The surface is mountainous and rough ; barren on the hills, with some fertile land in the valleys. Drained by Driftwood cr. and another branch of Sinnemahoning cr. It contains salt springs and salt works on Driftwood or. It has 1 store, cap. $5,000; 2 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,150. Pop. 184. Snu'PEN, t., Cumberland co.. Pa. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam. It has 1 dis- tillery, 1 flouring m. Cap. in manufac. $9,000. 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 18 4. ShippEiNsburg, ph., Cumberland co.. Pa., 34 s. w. Harrisburg, 101 \V. It is situated on Meau's run, a branch of Conedogwinit cr., which affords water power. Incorporated in 1819, and con- tains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Associate Reformed, 1 Lutheran, and I'Methodist; 18 stores, cap. $46,800; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manulac. $28,850. 6 scii. 350 scholars. Pop. 1,473. SHirpiNGPORT, v., Jefferson co., Ky. Sjtuated on Ohio r., at the foot of the rapids, and at the w. termination of the steamboat canal, 2 ms. below Louisville. It is virtually a suburb of Louisville, though it has a separate incorporation. It con- tains 10 stores, and about 700 inhabitants. Shippensville, p-v.. Clarion co.. Pa., 188 w. s. w. Harrisburg, 277 W. It contains 1 store, and about 20 dwellings. Shirema.ntown, p-v., Cumberland co., Pa., 4 w. Harrisburg, 10 S W. Shirley, p-t., Piscataquis co., 3Ie., 84 n. by v.. Augusta, 679 W. Watered by head branches of Piscataquis r. Incorporated in 1834. It has 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $2,200. 2 sch. 79 scholars. Pop. 190. Shirley, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 40 n. w. Boston, 423 W. The surface is low ; soil, fertile, particularly on the streams. Incorporated in 1753. The v. at the centre contains 1 Congrega- tional and 1 Unitarian church. In the s. w. part is a society of Shakers, amounting to 200 persons, distinguished, as they always are, for neatness and industry. It has 3 stores, cap. $7,800; Scot- ton fac. 2,232 sp., 7 sch. 350 scholars. Pop. 957. Shirley, t., Huntington co.. Pa. It has 8 stores, cap. $6,000 ; I furnace, 1 fulling m., 2 tan- neries, 1 poiter.y, 4 grist m., 8 saw m. Capital in manufactures $29,250. 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 1,174. Siiirleysburg, p-b., Shirley t., Huntingdon CO., Pa., 85 s. w'. Harrisburg, 130 VV. It contains 3 stores, cap. $11,000; 1 tannery. Cap. in manu- fac. $3,3-25. 2 M;h. 45 scholars. Pop. 247. Shirley Village, p-v., Sliirley t., Middlesex CO., Mass., 41 N. w. Boston, 423 W. Situated on Nashua r., and contains a Universalist church, and several mills and manufactories. Shiwan, p o., Baltimore co., Md. Shoal Creek, p-o., Clinton co.. 111., 105 s. Springfield, 780 W. Shoal, creek. III., rises in Montgomery co., and flows into Kasliuskia r. Shoal Creek, p-o., Johnson co., Ark,, 100 n. w. Little Rock, 1,165 W. Shoal Ford, p-o., Limestone co., Ala., 166 n. Tuscaloosa, 721 W. Shoals of Ogeechee, pc, Hancock co., Ga., 45 N. E. Milledgeville, 646 W. Shorer's Mills, p-o., Carroll co., O., 122 e. N. E. Columbus, 2'i5 W. Shocco, p-o., Oktibbeha co., Miss., 123 n. e. Jackson, 903 W. SiioKOKO.v, p o., Warren Co., 111., 117 n. w. Springfield, 868 W. Shop Spring, p-o., Newberry dist., S. C, 46 vv. N. w. Columbia, 510 W. .SiioREHAM, p t., Addison co., Vt., 73 s. w. Montpelier, 469 W. It is bounded by w. by Lake Champlain, which is here half a mile wide, with a ferry to Ticonderoga, N. Y., opposite. The surface is level; soil, very fertile. Drained by Lemonfair river, which affords water power. It coiUains a Congregational and a Baptist church, and an academy. Iron ore is found, and the wa- I ters are impregnated with Epsom salts. Char- Itcrcd in 1761, first settled in 1766. It has 4 j stores, cap. $39,000 : 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manuiac. $13,550. I academy 35 students, 14 sch. 420 scholars. Pop. 1,674. Short Creek, p-t., Harrison co., O., 120 e. Columbus, 281 W. It has 9 sch. 233 scholars. Pop. 2,022. Short Tract, p-o.. Granger t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 266 w. by s. Albany, 345 W. Shol'ngola, p-o., Carroll co.. Miss., 114 N. Jackson, 975 W. SHU 613 STL Shreve. p-0., Wayne co., O., 90 n. e. Colum- bus, 358 W. SiiREVEPORT, p-v., capital of Caddo par., La., 380 N. w. New Orleans, 1,260 VV. Situated on w. side of Red r. It contains a court house, and several stores, and about 400 iniiabitants. Shre\v.sburv, river, Shrewsbury t., Monmouth CO., N. J., is a continuation of Sandy Hook bay, about 5 ms. long, and on an average about li m. wide. It receives Shrewsbury r. proper, 6 or 7 ms. long. It has considerable salt marsh on its borders. Shrewsbury, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 72 s. s. e. Montpelier, 466 W. The surface is mountainous, lying on the Green Mountain range, and contain- ing Shrewsbury peak, 4,100 feet above tidewater. The soil is well adapted to grazing. It has 2 considerable ponds. Watered by i'\Iill and Cold rivers, which afford water power, and flow uito Otter Creek river. It contahis a small v. in its s. part, containing a Congregational church. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,500. 10 sch. 456 scholars. Pop. 1,218. Shrewsbury, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 37 w. Boston, 404 W. The surface is pleasantly diver- sified with hills and valleys, which are generally well cultivated. Long pond, about 4 miles long, and from 100 rods to about 1 mile wide, lies be- tween this t. and Worcester, and is, in some places, yO feet deep. It contains 12 islands, .some of them cultivated, and one, of 150 acres, has several families on it. Tliis pond is a prin- cipal feeder of Blackstone canal. The t. con- tains 1 Congi-egational, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Baptist church. Peat is found in a meadow in the s. part. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 gri.st m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $27,500. 7 sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 1,481. Shrewsbury, p-t., Monmouth co., N. J., 52 e. Trenton, 218 W. The surface is level ; soil, clay and sandy loam, or marl. Drained by Nevisink, Shrewsbury, and Shark rs. The shore of the Atlantic, which bounds it on the e., is generally high and bold, without marsh. Long Branch, with its fine boarding-houses, is in this t., and is a great place of summer resort. Tiie v. is between Shrewsbury and Nevisink rivers, and contains 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal — 2 .stores, and about 20 dwellings. There are in the t. 34 stores, capital $64,120; 1 lumber yard, cap. $5,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,240. 8 sch. 405 scholars. Pop. 5,917. Shrewsbury, t., Lycoming co.. Pa. It has 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,250. 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 2S2. Shrewsbury, p-t., York co.. Pa., 3S s. Ilarris- burg, 76 W. The surface is undulating; soil, gravelly and poor. Watered by the branches of Codorus cr. The borough is in the s. part of the t., and contains 2 stores, cap. $16,500 ; 1 tan- nery. Cap. in manufactures $1,575. 1 sch. 65 scholars. Pop. 310. There are in the t., exclu- sive of the borough, 2 stores, cap. .$6,000 ; 3 wool- len fac, 2 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 1 paper fac, 7 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,775. 3 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 1,323. Shrub O.vk, p-o., Yorktown t., Westchester CO., N. Y., 112 s. Albany, 275 W. Shush AN, p-v., Salem t., Washington co., N. ¥., 47 N. E. Albany, 417 W. Situated on Battenkill r., and contains a Baptist church, Shushan Hall, a pubhc building, 1 store, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhab- itants. Shutesbury, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 79 vv. Boston, 3J7 W. The surface is uneven and stony ; soil, indifferent. Watered by Swift r. It contains 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Congrega- tional church. There is a pond, covering 700 acres, in its n. part. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,900. 10 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 987. SiACONSET, v., Nantucket co., Mass. Situated in the s. e. part of Nantucket island, having a fine view of the Atlantic, and open to its breezes. The V. contains 70 dwellings, compactly built, with a high cliff in its rear. It is a pleasant place of re.sort in the summer. SiBiLA, p-o., Washington par., La., 94 n. New Orleans, 1,131 W. Siddo.\sburg, p-v., Monahan t., York co.. Pa., 11 s. Harrisburg, 103 W. Sidney, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 9 n. Augusta, 604 W. Kennebec r. runs on its e. border, and Snow's pond lies on its w. border, which receives the waters of several other large ponds, and flows N. through Waterville into Kennebec r. Incor- porated in 1792. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,450 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $35,893. 18 sch. 833 scholars. Pop. 2,190. Sidney, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 93 s. \v. Al- bany, 334 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, well adapted to grazing. Drained by Oleout and other small crs., flowing into Susquehanna r. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,800. 11 sch. 462 scholars. Pop. 1,732. Sidney, p-o., Hunterdon co., N. J., 35 n. Tren- ton, 195 W. Sidney, p-t., capital of Shelby co., O., 79 w. by N. Columbus, 473 W. The v. is situated on the w. branch of Great Miami r. It contains a brick court house, 44 feet square, a jail, 11 stores, 80 dwellings, and 713 inhabitants. Sidney, p-v., Marshall co., la., 105 n. Indian- apolis, 626 W. Sidney, p-v., Champaign co.. 111., 104 e. by n. Springfield, 633 W. Situated on Salt Fork of Vermilion r. Sidney Centre, p-o., Sidney t., Delaware co., N. Y., 98 s. w. Albany, 333 W. Sidney Plains, p-v., Sidney t., Delaware co., N. Y'., 99 s. vv. Albany, 325 W. Situated on the e. side of Susquehanna r., and contains 1 Pres- byterian and 1 Baptist church, 2 stores, 20 dwell- ings, and about 100 inhabitants. SiEGLE, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 181 w. by s. Raleigl), 418 W. SiLOA, p-o., Sullivan co., la., 83 s. w. Indian- apolis, 659 W. SiLOAM, p-v., Smithficld t., Madison co., N. Y., 110 w. by N. Albany, 364 W. It contains a church, a store, a grist m., and about 30 dwell- ings. SiLOA.M, p-v., Surry co., N. C, 141 w. n. w. Raleigh, 314 W. Silvan, t., Washtenaw co., Mich. It has 2 saw m. Silver Creek, p-o., Hanover t, Chautauqua CO., N. Y. Silver Creek, t., Greene co., O. It contains the v. of Jamestown, and has 1 fulling m., 2 tan- neries, 3 distilleries, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,000. 2 sch. 52 scholars. Pop. 2,447. Silver Creek, p-o., Cass co., Mich., 181 s. w. Detroit, 629 W. Watered by Dovvagiake r. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain and to graz- ing. It has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 51 scholars. Pop. 183. Silver Creek, p-o., Madison co., Ky., 56 s E. Frankfort, 554 W. SIM 614 SIS Silver Creek, p-o., Maury co., Tenn., 5-1 s. Nashville, 712 W. Silver Creek, p-o., Stephenson co.. III., 206 N. Springfield, 820 W. Silver Glade, p-o., Anderson dist., S. C, 137 w. N. w. Columbia, 532 W. Silver L.\ke, jV. Y., is a beautiful sheet of water in Wyoming co., 3 ms. long, and three fourths of a mile wide, stocked witji fish brought originally from Lake Erie Its outlet flows into Genesee r. Silver Lake, p-o., Castile t., Wyoming co., N. Y., 248 w. Albany, 361 W. Silver Lake, p-t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 184 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 294 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam, clay, and gravel. Drained by branches of Choconut cr. and by Silver creek, flowing from Silver lake, a beautiful sheet of water, three fourths of a m. long, and half a m. wide. Two ms. N. E. is Quaker lake, a little larger, and another, a little smaller. It has 1 grist m., 4 .saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,150. 6 sch. 168 scho- lars. Pop. 907. Silver Spring, t., Cumberland co., Pa., 7 n. E. Carlisle. The surface is hilly, with fine val- leys ; soil, calcareous loam and slate. Drained by Conedogwinit cr. and its tributaries. It con- tains the V. of Kingston. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. Sjl4,000; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,616. Pop. 1,938. SiLVERTON, p-v., Barnwell dist., S. C, 96 s. w. Columbia, 591 W. Situated on the e. side of Savannah r. Simmon's Tan Yard, p-o., Montgomery co., N. C, 101 w. s. w. Raleigh, 375 W. SiMMs Port, p-v., Avoyelles par., La., 237 n. vv. New Orleans, 1,194 W. Simonsville, p-v., Windsor co., Vt., 89 s. Montpelier, 451 W. Simpson, county. Miss. Situated a little s. of the centre of the slate, and contains 550 sq. ms. Pearl r. runs on its w. border, by branches of which it is drained. Capital, Westville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,693, sheep 1,120, swine 13,271 ; wheat 2,131 bush, produced, Ind. corn 132,066, oats 2,677, potatoes 18,126, rice 19,365 pounds, cotton 679,915 ; 9 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $26,500. Pop. whites 2,473, slaves 907 ; total, 3,330. Simpson, county, Ky. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 238 sq. ms. Drained by Drakes cr. and its branches, which flow N. into Big Barren r., and by branches of Red r., a tributary of Cumberland r. Capital, Franklin. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,948, sheep 8,088, swine 14,134; wheat 45,590 bush, pro- duced, rye 1,486, Ind. corn 281,756, oats 106,333, potatoes 8,193, tobacco 708,131 pounds, cotton 24,941, sugar 1,776; 7 stores, cap. $63,100; 6 cotton fac. 244 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 7 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $31,503. Pop. whites 5,004, slaves 1,493, free col'd 40 ; total, 6,537. Simp.son's, p-o., Floyd co., Va., 203 w. by s. Richmond, 278 W. Simpson's Mills, p-o., Laurens dist., S. C. Simpson's Store, p-o., Washington co., Pa., 226 w. Harrisburg, 242 W. SiMPsoNviLLE, p-v., Shelby co., Ky., 31 w. Frankfort, 573 W. Situated on Floyds fork of Salt r. SiMSBURV, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 13 n. Hart- ford, 349 W. The surface is hilly and mountain- ous, with level and fertile land on Farminglon r., by which it is watered. In the n. e. extremity is the flourishing manufacturing v. of Tariffville, on the vv. side of Farmington r., containing a car- pet fac. which produces 132,000 yards of carpet- ing annually. The P^armington canal, extending from New Haven to Northampton, Mass., passes near it. It has 5 stores, cap. $9,800 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 114,700. 13 sch. 378 scho- lars. Pop. 1,895. Si.MS Valley, p-o., Muskingum co., O.,'70 e. Columbus, 343 W. SiNA, t., Clinton co., Mich. SiNATOBY, p-o., De Soto CO., Miss., 185 n. Jack- son, 942 W. Sinclair's Bottom, p-o., Smyth co., Va., 281 w. Richmond, 346 W. SiNCLAiRsviLLE, V., Charlotte t., Chautauque CO., N. Y. It contains 1 church, 3 stores, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 machine shop, 2 clothiers' works, 80 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. SiNEPUXENT, inlet, Worcester co., Md., on the Atlantic coast, is the entrance from the ocean into Sinepuxent bay, in 38° 10' 30" n. lat. The bay is long and narrow, separated from the ocean by Asaticque island. Sing Sing, p-v.. Mount Pleasant t., Westches- ter CO., N. Y., 116 s. Albany, 2.53 W. Situated on elevated and uneven ground, and has 4 land- ings, from which steamboats and vessels ply daily to New York. Incorporated in 1813, and contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- pal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 18 stores, 1 ship yard, 1 iron foundry, 250 dwellings, and about 2,500 inhabitants. It contains Mount Pleasant Academy for boys, with a fine marble edifice, and Mount Pleasant Female Seminary for young ladies, beautifully located. The Croton aqueduct bridge here, is an object of much interest. Sing vSing furnishes great quantities of fine marble for building. The quarries are chiefly wrought by convicts of the state prison, located here. It is situated half a m. s. of the v. The main build- ing is 84 feet long and 44 feet wide, 5 stories high, containing 1,000 cells. In front and rear are various workshops, with the keeper's house, a chapel, hospital, kitchen, and storehouses. There is a separate building, constructed of marble, of the Ionic order, for female convicts, with well furnished apartments for the matrons. Attached to the whole are 130 acres of land. Sinking Cane, p-o., Overton co., Tenn., 113 e. Nashville, 616 W. Sinking Creek, p-o., Botetourt co., Va., 204 w. Richmond, 244 W. Sinking Creek, p-o., Bedford co., Tenn., 65 s. Nashville, 699 W. ■Sinking Spring, p-o., Berks co.. Pa., 47 E. Harrisburg, 151 W. Sinking Spring, p-v., Brush Creek t.. High- land CO., O., 84 s. w. Columbus, 421 W. It con- tains 2 stores, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Sinking Spring, p-o., Lawrence co., la., 78 s. s. w. Indianapolis, 623 W. Sinking Valley Mills, p-o., Huntingdou CO., Pa., 114 w. Harrisburg, 173 W. SiNNEMAiiONiNG, r.. Pa., a tributary from the n. vv. of the w. branch of Susquehanna r., and is about 50 ms. long. SiNNE.MAHONiNG, p-0., Lycomiug CO., Pa., 119 N. Harrisburg, 251 W. SiPPicAN, p-v., Rochester t., Plymouth co., Mass., 59 s. Boston, 446 W. It contains 1 Con- gregational and 1 Universalist church. The manufacture of salt is the principal business of the inhabitants. SissoNviLLE, p-v., Kanawha co., Va., 333 w. N. vv. Richmond, 358 W. Situated on Pocatalico r., a small branch of Kanawha r. SLA 615 SMI SisTERsviLLE, p-v., Tyler co., Va., 316 n. w. Richmond, 272 W. Situated on s. side of Ohio r., and contains 2 stores, 1 tannery, and about 250 inhabitants. Six Mile, p-o., Union co., Ky., 227 w. by s. Franitfort, 751 W. Si.\ Mile, p-o., Jennings co., la., 70 s. s. e. In- dianapolis, 57(i W. Si.K Mile, p-t., Madison co., 111., 99 s. Spring- field, 814 W. It has 4 sch. 110 scholars. Pop. 1,031. Six Mile Creek, p-o., Granby t., Cswego co., N. Y., 155 w. N. w. Albany, 372 W. S:x Mile Rr.\, p-o., Somerset co., N. J., 21 n. Trenton, 187 W. It contains 1 Dutch Reformed church, 1 store, and about 12 dwellings. The stream flows into Raritan r. Skeneateles Lake, N. Y., lies between Ca- yuga and Onondaga counties, and is 15 nis. long, and from one half to three fourths of a m. wide. Its shores present romantic and picturesque scenery, and its waters afford fine trout, weigh- ing from 5 to 10 pounds each. Skeneateles, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 147 w. Albany, 340 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, fertile, and well cultivated. Watered by the outlet of Skeneateles lake, which flows n. into Seneca r. The v. is pleasantly situated at the foot of Skeneateles lake. Incorporated in 1833, and contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Epis- copal, 1 Baptist, and 1 3Iethodist — 15 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 machine shop, 1 tannery, 1 iron foundry, 2 carriage fac, 200 dwellings, and about 1,400 inhabitants. A branch railroad extends 5 ms. to the Auburn and Syracuse railroad. There are in the t. 11 stores, cap. $96,880 ; 6 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 3 tan- neries, 2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 printing offi- ces, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 periodical, 6 flour- ing m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$299,098. 1 acad. 60 students, 20 sch. 907 scholars. Pop. 3,981. Skeggs Creek, p-o., Barren co , Ky., 135 .s. w. Frankfort, 656 W. Skelto.v, t., Warrick co., la. It has 3 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 1,287. Skiler.sville, p o., Muhlenburg co., Ky., 188 s. w. Frankfort, 700 W. Ski.nner's Eddy, po., Luzerne co.. Pa., 159 N. E. Harrisburg, 267 W. Situated on Susque- hanna r., 44 ms. above Wilkesbarre. Skinquarter, p-o., Chesterfield co., Vir- ginia. Skippack, p-t., Montgomery co., Pa., 86 e. Harrisburg, 165 W. Drained by Skippack cr. The surface is hilly ; soil, red shale. It has 4 stores, cap. .$10,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $3,400. Pop. 1,495. Skowiiegan, p-t., Somerset co., Me., 36 n. Augusta, 631 W. Situated on the n. side of Kennebec r., which here flows e. The soil is fertile and well cultivated. The v. is situated at Skowhegan falls, on the Kennebec, where there is a great water power, is well built, has a num- ber of mills, and considerable trade. A bridge across the Kennebec connects it with Bloomfield. It has 9 stores, cap. $15,600 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. C'ap. in manufac. $8,325. 11 sch. 612 scholars. Pop. 1,584. Slab Town, p-v., Anderson dist., S. C, 130 w. N. w. Columbia, 525 W. Slate, p-o., Bath co., Ky., 81 e. Frankfort, 507 W. Slateford, p-o., Jackson co., la., 75 s. In- dianapolis, 591 W. Slate Hill, p-o., Minisink t., Orange co., N Y., 113 s. s. w. Albany, 276 W. Slate Lick, p-o., Armstrong co., Pa., 190 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 234 W. Slate Mill.s, p-o., Rappahannock co., Va., 112 N. N. w. Richmond. 91 W. Slate Ridge, p-o., York co., Pa., 62 s. Har- risburg, 86 W. Slate Run, p-o., Franklin co., O., 6 n. Co- lumbus, 399 W. Slatersville, p-v., Smithfield t.. Providence CO., R. I., 19 N. w. Providence, 410 W. Situated on a branch of Pawtucket r. It contains 2 Con- gregational churches, and several mills and man- ufactories. Slatersville, p-v., Caroline t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 153 w. Albany, 304 W. Situated on Six Mile cr., and contains 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 carding and full- ing m., 2 tanneries, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Slaughter's Creek, p-o., Stewart co., Ga. Slawson, p-o., Switzerland co., la., 87 s. E. Indianapolis, 544 W. Sleepy Creek, p-o., Wayne co., N. C, 63 s. E. Raleigh, 293 W. Sleepy Creek, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 74 w. Columbia, 584 W. Slinkard's Mills, p-o., Greene co., la., 84 s. w. Indianapolis, 651 W. Slippery Rock, r;r.. Pa., rises in Mercer and Butler counties, and after a course of 35 ms., flows into Conequenessing cr., a little above its entrance into Big Beaver r. Slippery Rock, p-t., Butler co., Pa., 15 n. w. Butler, 22 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 263 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Drained by Slip- pery Rock cr., and its tributary, Wolf cr. It con- tains the v. of Centreville. There are in the t., 3 stores, cap. $4,.500 ; 3 furnaces, 4 tanneries, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1 1,310. 10 sch. 472 scholars. Pop. 1,507. Slippery Rock, t., Beaver co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,500; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 7 grist m., 8 saw ni., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $21,150. 3 sch. 161 scholars. Pop. 1,224. Slippery Rock, t., Mercer co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,300 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 6 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$3,000. 11 sch. 395 scholars. Pop. 2,066. Sloansville, p-v., Schoharie t. and co., N. Y., 33 w. Albany, 392 W. Situated on Vly cr., on the Cherry Valley turnpike, and contains 1 Baptist church, 4 stores, 1 grist m., several saw m., 50 dvvelling.s, and about 31)0 inhabitants. Sloa.vsville, p-o., Clermont co., O., 95 s. w. Columbus, 466 W. Sloyersville, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa. Smelsor's Mills, p-o.. Rush co., la., 45 e. s. E. Indianapolis, 537 \V. S.iiiTii, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. part ofthest;ite, and contains 590 sq. ms. Drained by Cumberland r. and (Jancy Fork, its tributary, and their branches. Capital, Carthage. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,181, sheep 20,944, swine 73,172 ; wheat 81,430 bush, produced, rye 4,.58"2, Ind. corn 933,343, oats 117,552, potatoes 12,779, tobacco 3,017,012 pounds, cotton 61, 2'15; 14 stores, cap. .$53,600 ; 31 tanneries, 24 distiller- ies, 1 pottery, 53 grist m., 47 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $6,600. 1 college, 22 students, 4 acad. 87 stu- dents, 15 sch. 219 scholars. Pop. whites 16,627, slaves 4,388, free col'd 161 ; total, 21,179. Smith, county, Miss. Situated a little s. e. of the centre of the state, and contains 520 sq. ms. Drained by Leaf r. Capital, Raleigh. There were in 18^, neat cattle 9,994, sheep 741, swine SMI 616 SMI 10,635 ; wheat 1,379 bush, produced, liid. corn 66,993, oats 557, potatoes 8,740, rice 6,819 pounds, tobacco 654, cotton 442,503 ; 28 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. .$1,017. 4 sch. 79 scholars. Pop. whites 1,542, slaves 419 ; total, 1,961. Smith, t., Belmont co., Ohio. Drained by McMahon's or., which affords water power. It contains the villages of Jacobsburg and Centre- ville. Pop. 1,956. Smith, t., Washington co.. Pa. It has 4 stores, cap. $11,000; 1 tannery, 4 gri.st m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,850. 9 scii. 450 scliolars. Pop. 1,345. Smith, t., Columbiana co., O. Pop. 1,457. Smith, t., Posey co., la. Pop. 685. Smithd.\le, p-v., Amite co., 3Iiss., 30 s. e. by E. Natchez, 92 s. s. w. Jackson, 1,102 W. Smithfield, p-t., Somerset co.. Me. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,650. 6 sch. 365 scliolars. Poj). 789. Smithfield, p-t., Providence co., R. I., 16 n. Providence, 413 \V. The surface is undulating, and in some parts rough ; soil, gravelly and I sandy loam, and fertile if well tilled. Limestone abounds. Watered by Blackstone r., and a large branch, which crosses tiie n. w. part of the t., both of which afford good water power. Woonsocket v., situated at the falls of the same name in Blackstone r., lies partly in the t., and is a large manufacturing place, with great v^ater power. Slatersville in the n. w. part is also a manufacturing v. There are in th.e t. 33 stores, cap. $48,800 ; 10 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 31 cotton fac. 88,20S sp., 1 paper fac, 13 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,764,000. 1 acad. 40 students, 45 sch. 1,841 scholars. Pop. 9,534. Smithfield, t., Madison co., N. Y., 106 w. Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, very fertile. Drained by Canaseraga and Cowasalon creeks. It has 4 stores, cap. $23,000 ; 1 fulling in., 2 tan- neries, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,950. 12 sch. 535 scholars. Pop. 1,699. Smithfield, t., Bradford co.. Pa. The sur- face is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Tom, Jacks, and Brown's creeks. It has 4 stores, cap. $19,000 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 distil- lery, 1 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,640. 11 sch. 420 scholars. Pop. 1,427. Smithfield, p-v., George t., Fayette co., Pa., 188 w. s. w. Harrisburg, 204 W. It contains 1 church, 3 stores, and about 65 dwellings. Smithfield, p-v., capital of Isle of Wight co., Va., 65 s. e. Richmond, 293 W. Situated on a creek or bay of James r., 15 ms. above Hampton Roads. It contains 12 stores, 200 dwellings, and about 900 inhabitants. Smithfield, p-v., capital of Johnson co., N. C, 27 s. E. Raleigh, 305 W. Situated on the e. side of Neuse r. It contains a court house, jail, and about 200 inhabitants. Smithfield, p-t., Jefferson co., O., 126 e. by N. Columbus, 273 W. It has 8 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 flouring m. Cap. in manu- fac. $8,030. 6 sch. 350 scholars. Pop. 2,095. Smithfield, p-o., Jackson co., Mich., 92 w. Detroit, 562 W. Smithfield, p-o., Delaware co., la., 65 n. e. Indianapolis, 522 W. Situated on the n. side of White r., and contains 1 store, 1 saw m., and 1 grist m. Smithfield, p-v., Alexander co., III., 227 s. by E. Springfield, 861 W. Smithland, p-v., capital of Li^^ngston co., Ky., 264 s. w. by w. Frankfort, 796 W. Situa- ted on Ohio r., immediately below the mouth of Cumberland r., and contains 1 church, an hospital, 12 stores, and about 900 inhabitant.". Smithland, p-v., Randolph co., Mo., 71 n. by w. Jefferson City, 960 W. Smith's, p-o., McMinn co., Tenn., 162 e. s. e Nashville, 562 W. Smithsboro', p-v., Tioga t. and co., N. Y., 171 w. s. w. Albany, 272 W. Situated on the N. side of Susquehanna r., and contains 1 Me- thodist church, 3 stores, 1 saw m., 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Smithsbdrg, p-v., Washington co., Md., 106 N. w. Annapolis, 77 W. It contains about 75 in- habitants. Smith's Cross Roads, p-o., Rhea co., Tenn., 127 E. s. E. Nashville, 573 W. Smith's Ferry, p-o., Beaver co., Pa., 240 w. N. Av. Harrisburg, 266 W. Smith's Ferry, p-o., Greene co., Ala., 57 s. by w. Tuscaloosa, 875 W. Smith's Ford, p-o., York dist., S. C, 94 n. Columbia, 445 W. Smith Fork, p-o., Hardin co., Tenn., 120 s. w. Nashville, 796 W. Smith's Island, N. C, situated at the mouth of Cape Fear r. The light-house stands on the w. side of the island, where is the main channel. Cape Fear is the s. point of the island. Smith's Landing, p-o., Atlantic co., N. J., 90 s. Trenton, 200 W. S.MiTii's Mills, p-o., Hanover t., Chautauquc CO., N. Y., 313 w. by s. Albany, 360 W. S.mith's Mills, p-o., Clearfield co., Fa., 123 -N. w. Harrisburg, 212 W. S.mith's Mills, p-o., Marion co., O., 52 n. Columbu.s 399 W. S.mith's Mills, p-o., Henderson co., Ky., 209 vv. by s. Frankfort, 736 W. Smith's Mills, p-o., Carroll co., Miss., 105 n Jackson, 992 W. S.mith's Port, p-v., capital of McKean co.. Pa., 196 N. w. Harrisburg, 279 W. Situated at the confluence of Stanton and Potatoo creeks, and contains a court house, county offices, all of brick, a stone jail, an academy well endowed, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 fulling m., and about 50 dwellings. Smith's Store, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 87 N. w. Columbia, 481 W. Smithsvii.le, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 94 w. Columbia, 520 W. Smithton, p-o.. Broome t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 41 w. Albany, 364 W. Smithton, p-v., St. Clair co.. 111., 108 s. Spring- field, 817 W. Smitiitow.\, p-t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 2S w. Riverhead, 191 s. s. E. Albany, 48 e. New York, 271 W. The surface is generally level ; soil, sandy loam. Long Island sound bounds it ou the n. Drained by Nesaquake r., which affords water power. The v., at the head of boat navi- gation on the Nesaquake r., contains 1 store, 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., and about 15 dwellings; 2 ms. E. there is another v., containing a Presby- terian church, a store, and about 20 dwellings. There are in the t. 10 stores, cap. $18,300 ; 1 ful- ling m., 1 woollen fac, 7 sch. 399 scholars. Pop. 1,932. Smithtown Bay, N. Y., is an indentation of Long Island on the n. of Smithtown t. It affords good anchorage ground during ea.sterly storms. It abounds with fish and wild fowl. Smithville, t., Chenango co., N. Y., 15 w. Norwich, 131 w. Albany. The surface is un- dulating ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Gene- ganslette cr., and other small streams flowing into (.'henango r., which afford water power. I It has 3 stores, cap. $9,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist I m., 15 saw m., 19 sch. 667 scholars. Pop. 1,762. SNI 617 SOD Smithville, p-v., Adams t., .Tefferson eo., N. Y., 179 N. w. Albany, 410 W. It contains 1 Presbyterian churoh, 2 stores, 1 carriage fac, 1 distillery, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabit- ants. Smithvilt^k, p-v., Powhatan co., Va., 39 w. Richmond, 156 W. It contains I Presbyterian church, 1 store, 1 flouring m., and about 50 in- habitants. Smithville, p-v., Lancaster co., Pa., 46 e. s. E. Harrisburg, 103 W. Smithville, p-v., capital of Brunswick co., N. C, 173 s. Raleigh, 31)0 W. It is situated on the w. side of Cape Fear r., 2 ms. above its mouth. It has a safe and commodious harbor, and contains a court house, jail, hospital, and a 3Iethodist church, 3 stores, 60 dwelling.s, and about 200 inhabitants. It is considered one of the most healthy places in the state. Smithville, p-v., Wayne co., O., 101 n. e. Columbus, 348 W. Smithville, p-v., capital of De Kalb co., Tenn., 61 e. Nashville, 620 W. Situated vv. of Caney fork of C'umberland r., and contains a Methodist church, and about 250 inhabitants. Smithville, p-v., capital of Lawrence co., Ark., 125 N. N. E. Little Rock, 1,012 VV. Situated on the N. side of Strawberry r., and contains a court house, jail, and about 75 inhabitants. Smithville Flatts, p-v., Smithville t., (^he- nanao co., N. Y., 125 w. Albany, 319 W. Situ- ated on Geneganslette cr., and contains 1 Bapti-st church, 5 stores, 1 grist m., I saw m., 1 scythe and axe fac, 1 rake and pail fac, 1 clothier's works, 1 tannery, 60 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Smoky Hollow, p-v., Claverack t., Columbia CO., N. Y., 37 s. s. E. Albany, 349 W. It contains 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 1 machine shop, and about 20 dwellings. Smoky Ordinary, p-o., Brunswick co., Va., 64 s. s. w. Richmond, 117 W. Smyrna, p-o., Aroostook co.. Me. Smyrna, p-t., Chenango co., i\. Y., 103 w. Al- bany, 351 W. The surface is hilly; soil, gene- rally fertile, particularly in the valleys. Drained by tributaries of Chenango r., which afTord water power. First settled in 1792. It has 5 stores, cap. S12,200 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $13,000 ; 3 full- ing m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 12 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $29,975. 15 sch. 703 scholars. Pop. 2,216. Smyrna, p-v., Kent co., Del., 12 n. by w. Do- ver, 132 W. Situated on a branch of Duck cr., and contains a church, 3 stores, and about 600 in- habitants. Smyrna, p-v., Harrison co., O., 99 e. n. e. Co- lumbus, 299 W. Smvthe, county, Va. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 480 sq. ms. The surface is broken ; soil, fertile, on the streams. Drained by head branches of Holstonr. and of New: r. Capital, Marion. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,157, sheep 10,357, swine 16,392; wheat 5I,5S9 bush, produced, rye 6,811, Ind. corn 221,431, buckwheat 4,147, oats 178,330, potatoes 33,829, sugar 54,842 pounds ; 11 stores, cap. $29,307 ; 2 forges, 10 tan- neries, 6 distilleries, 1 pottery, 21 grist m., 15 saw- in. Cap. in manufac $7,7tX). 3 acad. 100 stu- dents, 7 sch. 198 scholars. Pop. whites 5,539, slaves 833, free col'd 145 ; total, 6,522. Sneedsboro', p-v., Anson co., N. C, 137 s. w. Raleigh, 426 W. Situated on w. side of Yadkin r., and contains about 30 inhabitants. Snicker's Ferry, p-o., Clarke co., Va., 164 N. N. w. Richmond, 56 W. S.vicKERSviLLE, p-v., Loudon CO., Va., 168 n. 78 Richmond, 52 W. Situated I m. from Snicker's Gap, of the Blue Ridge. It has a neat church, 2 stores, several mechanic shops, and 20 or 25 dwellings. Snidbr.sville, p-v., Monongalia co., Va., 287 N. w. Richmond, 220 W. Snoddv's, p-o., Buckingham co., Va. Snoddyville, p-v., Jefferson co., Tenn., 12 n. E. Dandridge, 226 e. Nashville, 470 W. Snow Camp, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 53 n. w. Raleigh, 3.)4 W. Snow Creek, p-o., Franklin co., Va., 177 w. s. w. Richmond, '^b'i W. Snow Creek, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 176 w. Raleigh, 377 W. Snow Creek, p-o., Maury co., Tenn., 39 s. s. w. Nashville, 716 W. Snow Hill, p-v., port of entry, and capital of Worcester co., Md., 115 s. e. Annapolis, 155 W. Situated on Pocomoke r. It contains a court house, jail, an academy, 5 churches — 1 Presby- terian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist Episcopal, 1 Me- thodist Protestant, and 1 African Methodist — 9 stores, 100 dwellings, and 800 inhabitants. Ton- nage, 1840, 7,640. Snow Hill, p-v., capital of Greene co., N. C, 89 E. s. e. Raleigh, 299 W. Situated on a small branch of Neuse r. It contains a courthouse, jail, and about 100 inhabitants. Snow Hill, p-v., Clinton co., O., 74 s. s. w. Columbus, 448 W. Snow Hill, p-v.. Walker co., Ga., 211 n. w. 3iilledgeville, 625 W. Snow Hill, p-v., Wilcox co., Ala., 112 s. Tus- caloosa, 8S7 W. It contains about 50 iidiabitants. Snow Shoe, pt.. Centre co.. Pa., 101 n. w. Harrisburg, 193 W. It has 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $600. 1 sch. 12 scholars. Pop. 162. j Snow's Store, p-o., Windsor co., Vt., 46 s. Montpelier, 492 W. Snowsville, p-v., Choctaw co.. Miss., 110 n. N. E. .lackson, 936 W. Snyder, t., Jefferson co.. Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,700. 1 sch. 16 scholars. Pop. 291. Snydersville, p-v., Monroe co.. Pa., 116 n. e. Harri.sburg, 209 W. It contains 1 store, 1 saw m., 1 grist m., and a few dwellings. Snydersville, p-o., Knox co., la. Soccapatoy, p-o., Coosa co., Ala., 132 e. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 799 W. Social Circle, p-o., Walton co., Ga., 60 n. w. Miiledgeville, 612 W. Social Hill, p-o., Cherokee co., Ga., 109 n. w. Miiledgeville, 654 W. Sociality, p-o., Dayton t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 309 w. by s. Albany, 347 W. Society Land, t., Hillsborough co., N. H. It has 2 sch. 34 scholars. Pop. 133. •Society Hill, p-v., Darlington dist., S. C, 108 E. N. E. Columbia, 438 W. Situated on w. side of the (ireat Pedec r., and contains 3 churches — I Baptist, 1 Episcopal, and 1 3Ietho- dist— and 40i) inhabitants. Society Hill, p-v., Macon co., Ala., 167 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 784 W. Situated near Ufapee cr., and contains about 75 inhabitants. SoDDY, p-o., Hamilton co., Tenn., 137 s. e. Nashville, 590 W. SoDUS, bay, N. V., in Wayne co., 5 ms. long, and from 1 to 3 wide, opens into Lake Ontario. It is navigable, and at its mouth have been con- structed extensive piers and lighthouses. It is often called Great Sodus bay. SoDUS, p-t., Wayne co., N. Y., 12 n. Lyons, 195 w. N. w. Albany, 371 W. The surface de- SOM 618 SOM dines gently towards Lake Ontario, which bounds It on the n. with Sodus bay on the n. e. Drained by Salmon cr. and other streams, flow- ing into the lake or the bay. The v., situated on the ridge road, 5 ms. s. of the lake, contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 6 stores, I steam saw m., 1 tannery, 50 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $13,900; 3 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 20 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,400. 22 sch. 1,43'J scholars. Fop. 4,472. SoDUs Centre, p-o., Sodus t., Wayne co., IS'. y., 191 w. N. w. Albany, 367 W. SoDus Point, p-v., port of entry, Sodus t., Wayne co., N. Y., 201 w. n. w. Albany, 377 W. Situated at the entrance of Great Sodus bay, with a good harbor, and contains 1 store, 1 steam saw m., and 25 dwellings. Solemn Grove, p-o., Moore co., N. C, 90 s. w. Raleigh, 377 W. Soi.ESBURY, t., Bucks CO., Pa. Tlie surface is rolling ; soil, clay and sandy loam. Delaware r. bounds it on tlie n. and e. Here is Ingham's, or Great Spring, which is clear and cold in the summer, and does not freeze in the winter, and discharges a stream which, with 18 or 20 feet fall, would drive a grist m., with two run of stones, through the year. There are 5 good mill seats upon it before it (lows into Delaware r., a distance of 3 ms. There are in the t. 4 villages, and 2 bridges across the Delaware. It has 4 stores, cap. $12,300; 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 2 flouring m., 7 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $52,275. 8 sch. 381 scholars. Pop 2,038. Solon, p-t., Somenset co.. Me., 18 n. Norridge- wock, 52 N. Augusta, 6 17 W. Kennebec r. bounds it on the w. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has a considerable pond in its n. e. part. A small tributary of Kennebec r. wafers it in the N. w. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,200. 8 sch. 507 scholars. Pop. 1,139. Solon, p-t., Cortland cc, N. Y., 12 e. Cortland, 138 w. Albany, 323 W. The surface is undula- ting; soil, gravel, clay, and sandy loam, adapted to grazing. Drained by Ostelic r. and its tributa- ries. It has I store, cap. $4,000 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,500; 20 sch. 747 scholars. Pop. 2,311. Solon, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 154 n. n. e. Co- lumbus, 344 W. Watered by Chagrin r. and its branches, which afford extensive water power, and by Tinkers cr. It has 1 store, cap. $500 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 8 sch. 280 scholars. Pop. 774. Solus, p-o.. Wood co., Va., 303 w. n. w. Rich- mond, 271 W. Someufield, p-o., Somerset co.. Pa., 1.58 w. Harrisburg, 174 W. SoMERFORD, t., Madison co., O. It has 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,150. 8 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 761. SoMERs, p-t., Tolland co., Ct,, 23 n. e. Hart- ford, 359 W. The surface is level on the w., and elevated and mountainous on the k., affording an extensive view of the valley of Connecticut r., and reaching to the city of Hartford. It contains 1 Congregational and 1 Methodist church. The V. at the centre contains 1 church, 4 or 5 stores, and 30 or 40 dwellings. Straw hats and bonnets are extensively manufactured. It has 6 stores, cap. $37,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac., 10 sch. 446 scholars. Pop. 1,621. SoMERS, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 20 n. White Plains, 119 s. Albany, 274 W. The sur- face is partly uneven, with some extensive plains ; soil, adapted to grass and grain. Watered by Croton r. and its tributaries. The v. contains 2 churches, 2 stores, and 35 or 40 dwellings. There are in the t. 4 sch. 62 scholars. Pop. 2,032. SoMERs, t., Preble co., O. Pop. 1,820. Somerset, county, Me. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 3,600 sq. ms Watered by Kennebec r., which flows from Um- bagog lake, on its e. border, and by various branches. There are many lakes in its upper parts. The surface is various ; soil, in its lower parts, generally fertile. The N. part is still a wilderness. Capital, Norridgewock. There were in 1840, neat cattle 27,366, sheep 66,062, swine 1 1,650 ; wheat 132,487 bush, produced, rye 10,882, Ind. corn 71,134, buckwheat 1,334, barley 18,372, oats 197,96S, potatoes 1,033,718, sugar 94,121 pounds ; 77 stores, cap. $94,510; 13 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 20 tanneries, 2 potteries, 44 grist m., 75 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $305,291. 4 acad. 155 students, 333 sch. 13,179 scholars. Pop. 33,912. Somerset, county, N. J. Situated a little n. of tlie centre of the state, and contains 275 sq. ms. The surface is various ; soil, fertile, particularly on the streams. Watered by Raritan r. and its branches. Capital, Somerville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 15,776, sheep 16,754, swine 14,026; wheat 40,780 bush, produced, rye 124,793, Ind. corn 270,969, buckwheat 52,060, barley 1,846, oats 313,245, potatoes, 76,845; 64 stores, cap. $142,200 ; 6 lumber yards, cap. $42,000 ; 9 fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 14 tanneries, 14 distilleries, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 30 grist m., 30 saw m., 1 oil m., 3 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $271,129. 1 col- lege, 115 students, 1 acad. 56 students, 48 sch. 1,313 scholars. Pop. 17,455. Somerset, county. Pa. Situated toward the s. w. part of the state, and contains 1,000 sq. ms. Drained by branches of Conemaugh r. and Castle- man's branch of Youghiogheny r. It has Laurel Hill mt. on its n. w. border, and Alleghany mt.on its s. E. border, between wliich the surface is un- even, and the soil adapted to grain and to graz- ing. Capital, Somerset. There were in 1840, neat cattle 31,000, sheep 36,900, swine 25,720; wheat 118,100 bush, produced, rye 169,.55l). Ind. corn 32,940, buckwheat 46,650, oats 621,200, potatoes 134,800, sugar 299,800 pounds ; 46 stores, cap. .$168,500; 13 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 20 tanneries, 47 distilleries, 1 brewery, 9 potteries, 2 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers, 2 flouring m., 64 grist m., 141 saw m., 4 oil m. Cap. in man- ufac. $116,310. 21 sell. 476 scholars. Pop. 19,650. Somerset, county, Md. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 500 sq. ms. Nan- ticoke r. bounds it on the n. w. Drained by Po- comoke, Wicomico, and Manokin rivers. Capi- tal, Princess Anne. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,22-4, sheep 11,558, swine 20,010 ; wheat 36,778 bush, produced, Ind. corn 423,102, oats 125,697, potatoes 52,091 ; 72 stores, cap. $97,375 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $30,000 ; 5 tanneries, 28 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,750. 1 college, 20 students, 2 acad. 26 students, 23 sch. 614 scholars. Pop. whites 11,485, slaves 5,377, free col'd 2,646 ; total, 19,508. Somerskt, p-t., Bristol co., Mass., 44 s. Boston, 418 W. Situated on the w. side of Taunton r., which is navigable to this place for vessels of con- siderable burden. Incorporated in 1790. It con- tains 4 churches — 2 Baptist, 1 3Ielliodist, and 1 Friends. It has some shipping ; and ship-building is a considerable business. It has 6 stores, cap. SOM 619 SOU 8 sch. 143 $8,250. Cap. in manufac. $4,425 scholars. Pop. 1,005. Somerset, t., Windham co., Vt., 15 n. e. Ben- nington. Tlie surface is mountainous, lying on the Green mountain range, and containing a part of it called Mount Pisgali. Drained by Deer- field r. and its branch, Moose r. It has 4. saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,050. 3 sch. 89 scholars. Pop. 262. Somerset, p-t., Niagara co., N. Y., 14 n. e. Lockport, 276 vv. by n. Albany, 419 W. The surface is level; soil, sandy and clay loam. Lake Ontario bounds it on the n. Watered by Golden Hill cr. and other small streams flowing into the lake. It has 2 stores, cap. .$7,801) ; I tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,275. 6 sch. 319 scholars. Pop. 1,742. Somerset, t., Washington co.. Pa. It has 4 stores, cap. $3,600 ; 1 tannery, 1 flo\u-ing m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 8 sch. 279 scholars. Pop. 1,620. Somerset, p-b., Somerset t., capital of Somer- set CO., Pa., 40 w. Harrisburg, 166 W. It is situ- ated on Cox's cr. Incorporated in 1804, and con- tains a court hou.se, jail, of stone, county offices, of brick, an academy, and 3 churches — 1 German Reformed, 1 Lutheran, and 1 Methodist ; 7 stores, cap. $33,000 : 1 fuUnig m., 3 tanneries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 2 printing offices, 3 weekly news- papers. Cap. in manufac. $11,800; 1 sch. 87 scholars. Pop. 63S. Somerset, t., Somerset co.. Pa. The surface is rolling ; soil, yellow clay. Drained by Laurel Hiil, Middle, and Cox's creeks. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 9 disti'leries, 1 pottery, 11 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $8,200. 1 sch. 30 scliolars. Pop. 2,711. ^ Somerset, p-t., capital of Perry co., O., 47 e. s. E. Columbus, 358 W. The v. contains a court- house, jail, 9 stores, 120 dwellings, and about 750 inhabitants. There are in the t. 13 stores, cap. $18,750; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $18,367. 1 acad. 60 students, 4 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 947. Somerset, t., Belmont co., O. It has 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop- 1,933. Somerset, p-v., capital of Pulaski co., Ky., 84 s. s. E. Frankfort, 590 VV. Situated 5 ms. n. of Cumberland r., and contains a court house, jail, and about 240 inhabitants. Somerset, p-l., Hillsdale co., Mich. It con- tains some of the highest land in the state ; soil, fertile, adapted to grain. It has 1 store, cap. $3,6'J0 ; 3 saw m. ( ap. in manufac. $3,400. 4 sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 716. Somerset, p-o., Monroe co., Mo., 83 N.Jeffer- son City, 943 W. Somers Point, p-v., Atlantic co., N. J., 91 s. Trenton, 201 W. Port of entry for Great Egg Harbor dist. Situated on Great Egg Harbor bay. It contains a boarding house, much resorted to for sea-bathing in the summer season. Somersworth, t., Strafford co., N. H., 45 e. Concord. Bounded on the N. E. and e. by Sal- mon Falls r. Cocheeo r. bounds it on the s. w. First settled in 1750. At Quamphigan falls, in the r. in the n. part of this t., at the head of tide- water, is a large manufacturing v. Vessels of 250 tons come within a mile of it. It is denom- inated Great Fulls v., and contains 4 churches, very extensive cotton and woollen factories, and about 2,500 inhabitants. There are in the t. 30 stores, cap. $42,890 ; 12 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 cotton fac. 40,012 sp., 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $966,250. 1 acad. 20 students, 13 sch. 835 scliolars. Pop. 3,233. Somerton, p-o., Moreland t., Philadelphia co., Pa., 113 e. by s. Harrisburg, 153 W. Somerton, pv., Nansemond co., Va., 95 s. e. Richmond, 214 W. It contains 1 Methodist church, 1 store, and about 75 inhabitants. Somerton, p-v., Somerset t., Belmont co., O., 107 e. Columbus, 293 W. Situated on the s. fork of Captuia cr., and contains 1 Methodist and 1 Friends church, 2 stores, several mechanic shops, 2 tobacco houses, about 30 dwellings, and 180 inhabitants. Tobacco has been extensively cultivated in the neigliborhood. SoMERviLi^E, p-v., Rossie t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 176 N. N. w. Albany, 445 W. It contains 2 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 175 inhabitants. So.MERViLLE, p-v.. Capital of Somerset co., N. J., 31 N. Trenton, 202 W. Situated 1 m. n. of Raritan r., and contains a court house, jail, 1 Dutch Reformed and 1 Methodist church, an academy, a female seminary, 7 stores, 1 grist m., over 100 dwellings, many oi' them neat, and about 800 inhabitants. SoMERvii.i>E, p-v., Fauquier co., Va., 83 N. by w. Richmond, 70 W. SoMERviLi.E, p-v., capital of Morgan co., Ala., 133 N. N. E. Tuscaloosa, 732 W. Situated 5 ms. s. of Tennessee r., and contains a court house, jail, and about 250 inhabitants. SoMERviLLE, p-v.. Capital of Fayette co., Tenn., 185 w. s. w. Nashville, 871 W. Situated half a mile s. of Loosa Hatchie r., and contains a court house, jail, 3 churches, a male and female academy, a bank, and 7.50 inhabitants. Somer- ville College has been chartered here, and a building is in process of erection. So.MERViLLE, p-v., Milford t., Butler co., O., 101 w. s. w. Columbus, 494 W. It contains 4 stores, about 50 dwellings, and 300 inhabitants. SoMEN.\uK, p o., De Kalb co.. 111., 182 n. n. e. Springfield, 775 W. Sooy's Inx, p-o., Burlington co., N. J., 55 s. Trenton, 179 VV. SoREL Horse, p-o., Montgomery co., Pa., 113 E. Harrisburg, 153 W. SoRBY, p o., Wayne co., Tenn., 1 10 s. w. Nash- ville, 786 W. SoucH.vHATCHE, po., Macon CO., Ala., 149 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 796 W. SouiiEG.w, river, N. IL, rises in a pond in Ashburnham, Mass., and flows into New Ipswich, in the s. w. part of Hillsboro' co., N. H., and thence n. e. and e., until it enters Merrimac r., in 3Ierrimac t. South Albion, p-v., Albion t, Kennebec co.. Me., 25 N. e. Augusta, 620 W. South Alton, p-v., Alton t., Belknap co., N. II., 28 n. e. Concord, 509 W. South Amenia, p-o., Amenia t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 68 s. Albany, 325 W. South Amherst, p-o., Hampshire co., Mass. South Amboy, t., Middlesex co., N. J. Raritan r. bounds it on the n., Karitan bay on the n. e., and Millstone river on the s. w. The surface is level ; soil, sandy. Drained by South r. and its tributaries. The Camden and Amboy railroad runs through it. The v. is at the head of Raritan bay, at tiie mouth of Raritan r., I in. s. of Perth Amboy. It has a good harbor. The above rail- road terminates here, and is connected by a steamboat line with the city of New York. It contains a large manufactory of stoneware, from excellent clay in the vicinity, and about 20 dwellings. There are in the t. 3 stores, capital $1,400 ; 1 pottery, 1 paper fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $24,100. 6 sch. 198 scholars. Pop. 1,825. Southampton, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., sou 620 SOU 39 s. Concord, 474 W. The surface is generally level ; soil, fertile. Drained by Powow r., which affords good water power. Incorporated in 171'2. It has 4 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 fulling ni., I grist in., 1 saw m. 1 ai'ademy 25 students, 4 sch. 132 scholars. Pop. 462. SonTiiAMi'TON, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 9 s. w. Northampton, 102 w. by .s. Boston, 372 W. Manhan r. [lastes twice through the t., first from N. to s. into the .\. part of VVestfield, and return- ing passes through it to the n. e. It affords good water power. The canal from New Haven to Northampton passes through the t., along Manhan r. It has a lead mine in its n. part. Tlie v. at the centre contains a Congregational church and an academy. It ha.s 4 stores, cap. $1,800; Hull- ing m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,900. 1 acad. 40 students, 7 sch. 370 scholars. Pop. 1,157. SoiTTUAMPTOiN, p-t., Suffolk CO., N. Y., 250 s. S. E. Albany, 330 W. The surface is generally level ; soil, light sand and sandy loam, and fer- tile if well manured. It is a large t., at the k. part of Long Island, extending from (ireat and Little Peconic bays on the n., to the Atlantic ocean on the s. 1'he v. is situated on the post- road running on the s. side of Long Island, and contains 1 Presbyterian church, an academy, several stores and mechanic shops, 3 wind m., 50 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. Tiiere are in the t. 53 stores, cap. $153,800 ; 2 woollen fac, 1 pottery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly and 1 semi- weekly newspapers, 10 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $lfi,315. 2 acad. 90 students, 31 sch. 1,281 scholars. Pop. 6,205. Southampton, county, Va. Siiuated in the s. E. part of the state, and contains 6 18 sq. miles. Meherrin r. runs on its s. w. border, and Black- water r. runs on il.s k. border. Drained by Not- taway r. and its branches. Capital, Jerusalem. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,01)3, sheep 7,967, swine 43,663 ; wheat 9,730 bush, produced, rye 3,032, Ind. corn 553,895, oats 71,312, potatoes 88,036, rice 1,080 pounds, tobacco 25,346, cotton 851,315 ; 20 stores, capital $56,250 ; 1 tannery, 24 grist m. Cap. in munufac. $6,300. 2 acad. 40 students, 22 sch. 409 scholars. Pop. whites 5,171, slaves 6,555, free col'd 1,799; total, 14,525. Southampton, t., Somerset co.. Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 4 grist ni., 6 saw m. Capital in manufac. $2,650. Pop. 755. Southampton, t., Bucks co., Pa., 12 s. e. Doylestown. The surface is rolling : soil, sandy loam. Watered by Poquessing and Pennypack crs. It contains a Friends church in its n. w. part. It has 4 stores, capital $7,000 ; 2 sch. 68 scholars. Pop. 1,256, Southampton, t., Cumberland co.. Pa., 18 s. w. Carlisle. 'I'he surface is hilly ; soil, calcare- ous loam. The t. is mostly covered by South mountain, which is susceptible of cultivation to its top. A small stream, rising in the hills, runs 3 or 4 ms., and disappears in a limestone sink. It has 3 stores, cap. $7,500; 2 furnaces, 1 distillery, 3 flouring m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,180. 6 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1, 184. Southampton, t., Frankhn co.. Pa., 13 n. k. Chambersburg. The surlaco is level; soil, cal- careous loam. Conedogwinit cr. runs on its n. w. boundary, and Mean's run, its tributary, on the s. E. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 2 fulling ra., 1 woollen fac, 2 furnaces, 1 tannery, 1 distil- lery, 1 flouring m., 7 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $1,500. 8 sch. 335 scholars. Pop 1,703. Southampton, t., Bedford, Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $5,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. ('ap. in manu- fac. .$9,620. 3 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 1,513. Southampton, t., Trumbull co., O. It has 7 sch. 2S6 scholars. Pop. 289. South Anna, river, Va., rises in Louisa co., and, watering its s. part, enters North Anna r., on ihe border of Hanover co., to form Panmnky river. South Anna, p-v., Louisa co., Va., 67 n. w. Richmond, 1 10 W. South Anson, p-v., Anson t., Somerset co., Me., 44 N. E. Augusta, 639 W. South Akgvi.e, p-o., Argyle t., Washington CO.. N. Y., 42 N. E. Albany, 412 W. South Athol, p-o., Athol t., Warren co., N.Y. South Atti.kuokough, p-v., Attleborough t., Bristol CO., Mass., 43 s. s. w. Boston, 407 W. South Auburn, p-o., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 179 n. n. e. Harrisburg, 278 W. South Avon, p-o., Avon t., Livingston co., N. Y., 224 w. Albany, 353 W. South Bainbriuge, p-v., Bainbridge t., Che- nango CO., N. Y., 110 w. by s. Albany, 314 W. Situated on both sides of Susquehanna r., and contains 2 cinirches, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and about 40 dwellings. South Barre, p-v., Barre t., Washington co., Vt., 8 .s. s. E. Montpelier, 518 W. South Barre, p-o.. Barre t., Orleans co., N. Y., 255 w. by n. Albany, 386 W. South Bav, N. Y. A branch of Lake Cham- plain, which it enters in its s. part, in Washington CO. It is about 4 ms. long, and half a m. wide. South Bedford, p-o., Bedford t., Merrimac CO., N. H. South Bk.nd, p-v., capital of St. Joseph's co., la., 139 N. Indianapolis, 624 W. Pleasantly situ- ated on a high bluff', on the s. side of St. Joseph's r., and has a great water power. It contains a court house of brick, a jail, a number of stores, and about 1,000 inhabitants. South Berwick, p-t., York co., Me., 95 s. w Augusta, 5t)0 W. Situated on the s. e. .side of Salmon Fall r. The Great falls, in the r., affbn! great water power. Incorporated in 1814. It contains a flourishing manufacturing v. It has 16 stores, cap. $24,300 ; 1 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 6,912 spindles, 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac $223,400. 1 acad. 73 students, 14 sch. 871 scholars. Pop. 2,314. South Bi.oomfield, p-v., Harrison t., Picka- way CO., O., 17 s. Columbus, 405 W. Situated a little w. of the Ohio canal, and contains 3 stores, 1 tannery, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabit- ants. In the vichiily are various mills and manu- I'actories. Southbouough, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 26 \v. Boston, 414 W. The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, productive. Watered by a branch of Sudbury r. Incorporated in 1727. It contains 1 Congregational, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Baptist church. It has 3 stores, cap. $24,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac $17,900. 6 sch. 337 scholars. Pop. 1,145. South Branch, p-o., Wirt t., Alleghany co., N. Y.,278 w. by s. Albany, 319 W. South]!Rid(;e, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 61 vv. s. w. Boston, 3S1 W. Watered by Quinne- baug r., which affords water power. It contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. It has a pleasant v., in which are 1 bank, 2 churches, and 10 or 50 dwellings. It has 10 stores, cap. $26,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 8 cott()n fac. 14,660 sp., 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Capital in sou 621 SOU manufac. $160,875. 1 acad. 25 students, 7 sch. 363 scholars. Pop. 2,031. South Bridgeton, p-o., Bridgeton t., Cum- berland CO., Me., 83 s. .s. w. Augusta, 569 W. South Bristol, p-t., Ontario cc, iX. Y., 12 s. Canandaigua, 213 w. Albany, 349 W. The sur- face is hilly ; soil, clay loam, moderately fertile. Drained by Mud cr., and small streams which flow into Canandaigua lake, which bounds it on the s. E. It has 2 stores, cap. .§3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, §12,840. 14 sch. 631 scholars. Pop. 1,375. South Britai.v, p-v., Southbury t., New Ha- ven CO., Ct., 57 s. Ilartlbrd, 301 W. It is 4 s. w. Southbury v., and contains 2 churches — 1 Con- gregational and 1 Methodist — 3 stores, 1 carpet fac, 3 hat fac, and about 25 dwellings. South Broad.albi.v, p-o., Broadalbin t., Ful- ton CO., N. Y., 39 N. w. Albany, 497 W. South Brunswick, t., Middlesex co., N. J., 12 s. w. New Brunswick. The surface is level, with some hills on the w. ; soil, sandy loam and red shale, and, in some parts, highly culti- vated. Drained by Lawrence's brook and branches of Millstone r. It has 8 stores, cap. $14,300; 9 distilleries, 4 grist m., 5 .saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,850. 12 sch. 360 scholars. Pop. 2,797. Southbury, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 20 n. w. New Haven, 54 s. w. Hartford, 304 W. Wa- tered by Pamperaug r., which afTords water power. The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, sandy loam, warm and fertile. The v. is situ- ated on Pamporaug r., and contains ] Congrega- tional and 1 3Ielhodist chnrcli. The street whii'h passes through tlie town i.s broad, and ornament- ed on its sides by majestic sugar-maple trees. There are in the t. 9 stiires, cap. $24,800 ; 3 full- ing m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 4 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,140. 2 acad. 61 students, 10 sch. 226 scholars. Pop. 1,542. South Butler, p-o., Butler t., Wayne co., N. Y., 174 w. by n. Albany, 354 W. South Byro.m, p-o., Byron t., Genesee co., N. Y. South Cairo, p-o., Cairo t., Greene county, N. Y. South Cameron, p-o., Cameron t., Steu- ben CO., N. Y., 230 w. by s. Albany, 293 W. South Canaan, pv., Canaan t., Litchfield CO., Ct., 43 N. w. Hartford, 340 W. It contains a Congregational and a Methodist church, an iron works, and an anchor shop on Hollenback r., and another at Canaan falls, on the Housa- tonic r. Limestone is found here, and lime of an excellent quality is manufactured and ex- ported. South Canebrake, p-o., Perry co., Ala., 70 s. Tuscaloosa, 832 W. South Canton, p-o., Canton t., St. Lawrence CO., N. Y., 238 N. N. w. Albany, 500 W. South Carroll, p-o., Carroll co., Tenn., 114 w. Nashville, 799 W. SOUTH CAROLINA. South Carolina, one of the southern United States, is bounded n. by North Carolina ; s. e. by the Atlantic ; and s. w. by Georgia, from which it is separated by the Savannah river. It is between 32° 2' and 35° 10' n. lat., and between 78° 24' and 83° 30' w. Ion., and between 1° 45' and 6° 15' w. from W. It is 200 miles long and 125 broad, containing about 25,000 square miles, or 16,000,000 acres. The population in 1790 was 240,000; in 1800, 345,591 ; in 1810, 415,115; in 1820, 502,741 ; in 1830, 581,458; in 1840, 594,393, including 327,038 slaves. Of the free population, 130,496 were white males; 128,588 do. females; 3,864 were colored males; 4,412 do. females. Employed in agriculture, 193,363 ; in commerce, 1,953 ; manufactures and trades, 10,325 ; naviga- ting the ocean, 331 ; canals, rivers, &c., 313; learned professions, &c., 1,481. This state is divided into 29 districts, which with their population in 1840, and their capitals,were as follows: Abbeville, 29,351, Abbeville; Anderson, 18,493, Anderson C. H. ; Barnwell, 21,471, Barnwell C. H. ; Beaufort, 35,794, Coosawhatchie ; Charleston, 82,661, Charleston ; Chester, 17,747, Chester C. H. ; Chesterfield, 8,574, Chesterfieldville; Colleton, 25,543, Walterborough ; Darlington, 14,822, Darlington C. H. ; Edgefield, 32,8.52, Edgefield C. H. ; Fairfield, 20,165, Winnsborougli ; Georgetow.n, 18,274, Georgetown; Greenville, 17,339, Greenville ; Horry, 5,755, Convvaysborough ; Kershaw, 12,281, Camden ; Lancaster, 9,907, Lancaster C. H. ; Lau- rens, 21,534, Laurensville ; Le.yington, 12,111, Le.xington ; Marion, 13,932, Marion; Marl- borough, 8,403, Bennettsville ; Newberry, 13,350, Newberry C. H. ; Orangeburg, 18,519, Orangeburg C. H. ; Pickens, 14,356, Pickens C. H. ; Richland, 16,397, Columbia ; Sparta.n- burg, 23,699, Spartanburg; Sumter, 27,892, Sumterville; Union, 18,936, Unionvillc; Wil- liamsburg, 10,327, Kingstree ; York, 18,383, Yorkville. Columbia, on the left bank of the Congaree, immediately below the confluence of Broad and Saluda rivers, is the seat of government. The seacoast is bordered with a fine chain of islands, between which and the shore there is a very convenient navigation. The mainland is naturally divided into the Low'er and Upper coun- try. The low country extends from 80 to 100 miles from the seacoa-'^t, and is covered with ex- tensive forests of pitch pine, called pine-barrens, interspersed with marshes and swamps of a rich soil. The banks of the large rivers, and the creeks of this region, are bordered with a belt of excellent land, producing cotton and Indian corn in abundance. The marshes and swamps in this district make fine rice plantations. After leaving the Low country, in proceeding into the interior, you first pass through a region of little sand-hills, which have been compared to the arrested waves of the sea in a storm. This curious country, sometimes denominated the Middle country, continues for 50 or 60 miles, till you arrive at the Ridge, or Upper country, the ascent to which, proceeding from the Atlantic, is sudden. sou 622 SOU and somewhat precipitous. The Lower falls of the river are found along this ridge. The low grounds between the sand hills in this region are suitable for agriculture and pasturage ; but with these exceptions, the country below the ridge is barren, and scarcely worth cultivation. Beyond the ridge commences a beautiful and healthy country of hills and dales, and fine flowing streams of pure water. This whole region may be regarded as an elevated table land, and is generally fer- tile. At the distance of 220 miles n. vv. from Charleston, the land is 800 feet above the level of the sea. From this the country rises gradually to the mountainous region to the w., where the great Alleghany range passes through the state, in several ridges, some of which have high peaks. Table mountain, one of the most conspicuous of these, is 4,000 feet above tiie level of the sea. The staple productions of the state are cotton and rice, great quantities of which are exported. Rice was first introduced in 1693, and is raised only in the low country, where the land can be irrigated by the tide, or the overflowing of the rivers. Indigo was formerly produced in large quantities, but it has given place to the more profitable crop of cotton. The sea-island cotton, produced in the islands along the shore, is of a superior quality, and is in great demand. In 1840, there were in this state 129,921 horses and mules; 572,608 neat cattle; 232,981 .sheep; 878,532 swine ; poultry to the value of .'§396,364. There were produced 96S,354 bushels of wheat ; 3,967 of barley; 1,436,203 of oats ; 44,738 of rye; 14,722,805 of Indian corn; 299,170 pounds of wool; 15,857ofwax; 2,098,313 bushels of potatoes ; 24,618 tons of hay ; 51,519 pounds of tobacco; 60,590,860 of rice ; 61,710,274 of cotton ; 2,030 of silk cocoons ; 30,000 of sugar. The products of the dairy were valued at $577,810 ; of the orchard, $52,275 ; of lumber, $537,684. The minerals in this state are gold, iron, various ochres, marble, limestone, and some lead, potter's clay, fuller's earth, and other useful fossils. Charleston, at the confluence of Ashley and Cooper rivers, is much the largest and most com- mercial place in the state ; but its harbor is obstructed, at the entrance, by a dangerous sand bar. Georgetown, at the head of Winyaw bay, 13 miles from the ocean, will only admit small vessels. Beaufort, on the island of Port Royal, has much the best harbor in the state, but is not a place of much trade. Besides these, Columbia, the capital, and Georgetown, are flourishing places. The great Pedee river, 450 miles long, rises in N. Carolina, and runs through the eastern part of the state. It is navigable, for sloops, 130 miles. The Santee, formed by the junction of the Wate- ree and the Congaree, rises in North Carolina, and has a sloop navigation for about 139 miles. The Saluda is a branch of the Congaree. The Edisto is navigable for large boats 100 miles. The Savannah washes the wliole s. w. border of the state, and is a noble stream. There are several smaller rivers, among which are Cooper, Ashley, and Combahee. The most important literary institution in this state is the College of South Carolina, at Colum- bia, founded in 1804. There is a theological seminary connected witli the institution. It had in 1840, 168 students. Charleston College was founded in 1785, and has about 65 students. There were in this state in 1840, 117 academies, or grammar schools, with 4,326 students ; and 566 com- mon and primary schools. There were 20,615 free white persons, over 20 years of age, who could neither read nor write. The Methodists, Baptists, and Presbyterians are the most numerous religious denominations. At the commencement of 1836, the Methodists had 37,503 communicants. The Baptists had 314 churches, 226 ministers, and 36,276 communicants. The Presbyterians had 90 churches, 70 minis- ters. The Episcopalians had 50 churches, 1 bishop, and 43 ministers. The Lutherans had, in 1840, 24 ministers, 34 congregations, and 1,667 communicants. There are a few congregations of Ro- man Catholics, Unitarians, Friends, Universalis! s, and Jews. At the commencement of 1840 there were 14 banks and branches in this state, with an aggregate capital of $11,534,355, and a circulation of $4,439,404. The state debt at the close of 1840, amounted to $3,764,734. The exports of this state in 1840, were $10,036,769 ; and the imports were $2,058,870. There were 41 commercial and 41 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a cap. of $3,668,050 ; 1,253 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $6,648,736 ; 1,057 persons employed in the lumber trade, with a capital of $100,000; 125 persons employed in internal transportation, who, with 46 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $112,900 ; 53 persons employed in the fishe- ries, with a capital of $1,617. The amount of home-made or family manufactures was $930,703 ; there were 3 woollen manu- factories, employing 6 persons, producing articles to the amount of $1,000, witii a capital of $4,300; 15 cotton manufactories, with 16,355 spindles, employing 570 persons, producing articles to the amount of $359,000, employing a capital of $617,450 ; 4 furnaces, producing 1,250 tons of cast iron, and 9 forges producing 1,165 tons of bar iron, employing 248 persons, and a capital of $113,300 ; 5 smelting houses, employing 69 persons, producing gold to the amount of $37,418, with a capital of $40,000; 1 paper manufactory, employing 30 persons, producing articles to the amount of $20,800, with a capital of $30,0(X) ; 20 persons produced hats and caps to the amount of $3,750 ; 97 taimeries, employing 281 persons, and a capital of $213,020 ; 243 other leather manufactories, as saddleries, sou 623 SOU &c., producing articles to the amount of $109,472, employing a capital of $'15,6G2; 8 potteries, em- ploying 49 persons, producing articles to the amount of $19,300, wilii a capital of $12,950; 127 persons produced machinery to the amount of $65,561 ; 26 persons produced hardware and cutlery to the amount of $13,465 ; 420 persons produced carriages and wagons to the amount of $189,270, with a capital of $132,690; 164 flouring mills produced 58,458 barrels of flour, which with other nulls employed 2,122 persons, producing articles to tlie amount of $1,201,678, and employing a cap- ital of $1,668,804 ; 1,2S1 persons manufactured bricks and lime to the amount of $193,408, with a capital of $72,445 ; 168 persons manufactured 586,327 pounds of soap, and 68,011 pounds of tallow candles ; 251 distilleries produced I02,2S8 gallons, employing 219 persons, and a capital of $14,342 ; ships and vessels were constructed to the amount of $60,000 ; 241 persons manufactured furniture to the amount of $28,155, with a capital of $133,600; 111 brick or stone houses, and 1,594 wooden houses were erected, employing 2,398 persons, at a cost of $1,527,576 ; 16 printing oflices, and 7 binderies, 3 daily, 12 weekly, and 2 semi-weekly newspapers, and 4 periodicals, employed 164 persons, and a capital of $131,300. The amount of capital employed in manufac. was $3,216,970. The first constitution of South Carolina was formed in 1775 ; the present constitution was adopted in 1790. The governor is elected lor 2 years by a joint vote of both houses of the assembly. After having served one term, he is ineligible for the next 4 years. A lieutenant-governor is cho.'en in the same manner and for the same period. The senate consists of 45 members, elected by districts for 4 years. The house of representatives consists of 124 members, apportioned among the several districts, according to the number of white inhabitants, and taxation; and are elected for 2 years. The representatives and one half the senators are chosen every second year, in October. The legislature meets annually in Columbia, on the fourth ftlonday of November. The chancellor and judges of the supreme court are cho-sen by the joint ballot of both houses of the assembly, and hold their ofTices during good behavior. Every free white male citizen of 21 years of age, who has resided in the state 2 years immediately preceding the election, and having been possessed of a freehold of 50 acres of land, or a town lot, 6 months before the election; or not possessing this freehold, who shall have resided in the election district in which he offers to vote, 6 months before the election, and have paid a tax of 3 shillings sterling to the support of the government, possesses the right of sufTrage. South Carolina has some important works of internal improvement. The Santee canal extends 22 miles from Charleston harbor to the Santee river, and was finished in 1802, at a cost of .$650,667. Through this canal and the improvement of the Santee and Corigaree rivers, a boatable communi- cation has been opened from Charleston to Columbia. Winyaw canal extends 7j miles from Winyaw bay to Kinlock creek, a branch of tlie Santee river. The navigation of the Catawba river has been improved by 5 short canals, with an aggregate length of about lU miles. Saluda canal extends from the headof Saluda Shoals toGranby Ferry, 6i miles. Besides these, there are three other short canals to avoid obstructions of falls or shoals in rivers. The South Carolina railroad commences at Charleston and extends 135J miles to Hamburg. This road was commenced in 1830 and completed in 1834, at a cost of $1,750,000. It has since been sold to the Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Railroad Company for $2,400,000, paid for in the stock of the latter company. The entire length of this road from Charleston to Cincinnati will be 718 miles. The Branchville and Columbia railroad extends from Branchville, on the South Carolina railroad, 66 miles to Columbia. This is to form a part of the Charleston, Louisville, and Cincinnati railroad. The first settlement of this state was made under Governor Sayle, at Port Royal, in 1670. The next year they settled Charleston above its present site, but 9 years after they abandoned that set- tlement and began to build Charleston where it now stands. In 1682 the province was divided into 3 counties. A colony of French refugees, in 1690, exiled by the revocation of the edict of Nantz, settled in Carolina ; and from them many of its respectable inhabitants are descended. The Church of England w-as established by law, in 17(>3. The coloni.-^ts throughout the Carolinas threw off' the proprietary government in 1719, and established one for thcm.'elves. The next year the privy council sanctioned the proceeding, and in 1729, tlie parliament purchased the country of the proprietors, as mentioned in the account of Xorth Carolina. The country was then divided and this portion received its present name of South Carolina. At different times colonies of Swiss, of Germans, and of Irish have settled in this state. In 1752, 1,600 foreign protestants arrived in Carolina. This stale early sufTereil much from wars with the Indians. This state was early in its resistance of the aggressions of the mother country, and bore its part in the revolutionary war. The British troops occupied Charleston, and a considerable part of the state in 1780. Several battles were fought here during that and the succeeding year, the most important of which was that of the Eutaw Springs, in 1781, which in eflJiect terminated the war in this state. In conven- tion. May 23d, 1788, this state adopted the constitution of the United States ; yeas 149, nays 73 — majority 76. sou 624 SOU South Cass, p-o., Cass t., Ionia co., Mich., 138 w. N. w. Detroit, 608 W. Sooth Charleston, p-v., Madison t., Clarke CO., O., 12 s. E. Springfield, 55 w. Columbus, 445 W. It contains 6 stores. South Chesterville, p-o., Chesterville t., Franklin co., Me., 22 n. w. Augusta, 612 W. South Chili, p-o., Chili t., Monroe co., N. Y., 234 w. by n. Albany, 375 W. South China, p-o., China t., Kennebec co., Me., 14 N. E. Augusta, 609 W. South Columbia, p-o., Columbia I., Herkimer CO., N. Y., 72 N. by vv. Albany, 376 W. South Corinth, p-o., Corinth t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 47 N. w. Albany, 417 W. South Cortla.nd, p-o., Cortlandville t., Cort- land CO., N. Y., 151 w. by s. Albany, 313 W. South Coventry, p-o., Coventry t, Tolland CO., Ct., 22 N. E. Hartford, 358 W. South Creek, p-t., Bradford co.. Pa., 163 n. Harrisburg, 270 W. It has 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. ,$4,600. 5 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 484. South Danby, p-o., Danby t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 171 w. Albany, 292 W. South Dansville, p-o., Dansville t., Steuben co.,]N.Y. South Dartmouth, p-o., Dartmouth t., Bris- tol CO., Mass., 62 s. Boston, 438 W. South Deerfield, p-v., Deerfield t., Rock- ingham CO., N. H., 18 E. s. E. Concord, 472 W. South Deerfield, p-v., Deerfield t., Frank- lin CO., Mass., 91 w. by n. Boston, 394 W. It con- tains a Congregational church. South Deer Isle, p-o., Hancock co., Me., 97 E. by s. Augusta, 693 W. South Dennis, p-o., Dennis t., Barnstable co., Mass., 84 s. e. Boston, 485 W. South Dickinson, p-o., Dickinson t., Franklin CO., N. Y. South Dover, p-o., Dover t., Piscataquis co.. Me., 88 n. n. e. Augusta, 685 W. South Dover, p-o., Dover t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 80 s. Albany, 307 W. South Durham, p-o., Durham t., Cumberland CO., Me., 28 s. w. Augusta, 567 W. South Durham, p-o., Durham t., Greene co., N. Y., 50 s. s. w. Albany, 352 W. Southeast, p-t., Putnam co., N. Y., 107 s. Al- bany, 291 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, fertile. Drained by Croton r. It has 8 stores, capital $16,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 6 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,325 13 sch. 543 scholars. Pop. 1,910. Southeast, t.. Orange co., la. It has 4 sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 1,247. South Easton, p-o., Easton t., Washington CO., N. Y., 30 Albany, 400 W. South Easton, b., Northampton co.. Pa. Sit- uated on the s. bank of the Lehigh r., opposite to Easton. Here is a good water power, derived from the waste water of the Lehigh canal. It has 5 stores, cap. $18,000 ; 2 furnaces, 1 forge, 1 flouring m., 2 grist ra., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $71,100. 2 sch. 71 scholars. Pop. 661. South Edmeston, p-o., Edmeston t., Otsego CO., N. Y., 93 vv. Albany, 351 W. South Edwards, p-o., Edwards t., St. Law- rence CO., N. Y., 191 N. w. Albany, 460 W. South Egremont, p-v., Egremont t., Berk- shire CO., Mass. South Farms, p-v., Litchfield t., Litchfield co., Ct., 40 w. Hartford, 318 W. It contains 1 Con- gregational church, an academy, 1 store, and a number of dwellings. SouTiiFiELD, t., Richmond co.. N. Y., 2 e. Richmond v., 155 s. Albany. Situated on Staten Island. The siu-face is hilly on the n., level on the s., with extensive tracts or marsh or salt meadow. The Narrows and Lower bay of New York bound it on the s. e. It has excellent shad fisheries. It contains Fort Tompkins and Fort Richmond on its e. border. It has 7 stores, cap. $4,020; 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m. Pop. 1,619. SouTHFiELD, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 17 n. Detroit, 540 W. Watered by the n. branch of Rouge r. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,800 ; 1 t^rist m., 3 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $2,020. 9 sch. 325 scholars. Pop. 1,061. SouTHFORD, p-v., New Haven co., Ct. South Fork, t., Izard co.. Ark. It has 1 store, cap. .$1,200; 2 distilleries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,935. 1 sch. 22 scholars. Pop. 337. South Florence, v., Franklin co., Ala. Sit- uated on the s. side of Tennessee r., nearly op- posite to Florence. South Foster, p-o., Foster t.. Providence co., R. I., 16 w. by s. Providence, 386 W. South Framingham, p-o., Framingham t., Middlesex co., Mass. South Freedom, p-o.. Freedom t., Waldo co., Me., 28 e. Augusta, 623 W. South Franklin, p-o., Franklin t., Delaware CO., N. Y. South Gardiner, p-o., Gardiner t., Worces- ter CO., Mass., 56 n. w. by w. Boston, 416 W. South Gibson, p-o., Gibson co., Tenn., 145 w. Nashville, 828 W. South Granville, p-o., Granville t., Wash- ington CO., N. Y. South Glastonbury, p-v., Glastonbury t., Hartford co., Ct., 9 s. Hartford, 335 W. Situated on E. side of Connecticut river. South Hadley, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 88 w. Boston, 377 W. The soil is light, warm, and productive. Watered by Muddy r. Bounded w. by Connecticut r., .which here has a fall of 50 feet in about 80 rods. Here the first canal on Connecticut r. was constructed, around these falls, and is 2 ms. long, has 5 locks, and, for a dis- tance of 300 feet, is cut, 40 feet deep, through solid rock. The falls here afford a great water power, much of which is yet unimproved. A dam 1,100 feet long is thrown across Connecticut r. Mount Holyoke is in the n. part of the t. The village contains a Congregational church, and Mount Holyoke Female Seminary. In the s. part of the t. is a manufacturing village at the termination of the canal, which contains 1 Congregational and 1 Methodist church. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $22,000 ; 2 full- ing m., 2 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 3 paper fac, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $125,225; 1 acad. 119 students, 6 sch. 376 scholars. Pop. 1,458. South Hadley Canal, p-v.. South Hadley t., Hampshire co., Mass., 92 w. Boston, 372 W. Situated on the e. side of Connecticut r., and contains 2 churches — 1 Congregational and 1 Methodist — and several manufactories. South Halifax, p-o., Halifax t., Windham co., Vt., 140 s. Montpelier, 416 W. South Hammond, p-o., Hammond t., St. Law- rence CO., N. Y. South Hanover, p-v., Jefferson co., la., 93 s. E. Indianapolis, 565 W. South Hardwick, p o., Hardwick t., Caledo- nia CO., Vt., 22 N. n. e. Montpelier, 538 W. South Harpeth, p-o.. Davidson co., Tenn., 17 s. Nashville, 701 W. South Hartford, p-o., Hartford t., Oxford CO., Me., 27 w. Augusta, 593 W. South Hartford, p-v., Hartford t., Washing- sou 625 SOU ton CO., N. Y., 55 n. n. e. Albany, 425 W. It contains 1 Presbylerian and 1 Universalist church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 tannery, and about 20 dwellings. South Harwich, p-v., Harwich t., Barnsta- ble CO., Mass.; 91 s. w. Boston, 492 W. South H.wen, t., Van Buren co., Mich. It has 1 tannery, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $2,700. 1 sch. 13 scholars. Pop. 99. South Hawley, pv., Hawley t., Frankhn co., Mass., 114 w. by n-. Boston, 408 W. South Hero, p-t., Grand Isle co., Vt., 53 n. w. Montpelier, 531 W. It constitutes the south half of the largest island in Lake Champlain. The surface rises gently from the level of the lake ; soil, loam, sand, clay, and marl, of which the latter predominates, and very fertile. A ferry connects this t. with Colchester point; and a sand bar connects it with Milton, Chittenden CO., which is fordnble when the water of the lake is not high, though the water comes up to the sides of a horse. It contains a Congregational and a Methodist church. Limestone is found. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500; 1 tannery. Cap. in nianufac. $940. 26 schools 1,601 scholars. Pop. 664. South Hill, p-v., Bradford co., Pa., 150 n. by E. Harrisburg, 260 W. South Hill, p-o., Mecklenburg co., Va., 93 s. w. Richmond, 299 W. South Hi.xohaji, p-v., Hingham t., Plymouth CO., Mass., 18 s. e. Bo.ston, 452 W. South Hunting i)0.\, t., Westmoreland co.. Pa. It has 9 stores, cap. $35,850 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 1 pottery, 7 flouring m., 15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $50,601. 1 school 117 scholars. Pop. 2,793. Southington, pt., Hartford co., Ct., 18 s. w. Hartford, 321 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile. Watered by Quinnipiack r., which af- fords water power. The Farmington canal passes through it. Incorporated in 1779. The V. contains 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Baptist church, and an academy. It has 5 stores, cap. $15,700; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $92,700. 9 sch. 427 scholars. Pop. 1,887. Southington, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 170 n. E. Columbus, 313 W. Pop. 889. South Jackson, p-v.,.Iackson t. and co., Mich., 76 w. Detroit, 544 W. South Jefferson, p-v., JefTerson t., Lincoln CO., Me., 22 E. s. e. Augusta, 602 W. South Kent, p-v., Kent t., Litchfield co., Ct., 55 w. Hartford, 320 W. ^ South Killingly, p-v., Killingly t., Wind- ham CO., Ct., 51 E. Hartford, 378 W. South Kingston, t., capital of Washington CO., R. I., 30 s. w. Providence. The surface is uneven ; soil, gravelly loam, well adapted to grain and to grazing. It has the Atlantic on the s., and Narraganset bay on the E. It includes Point Judith, and is the largest t. in the state. It has 1 large salt pond, and 20 fresh water ponds, one of which contains 3 or 4,000 acres. Its fish- eries are valuable, and many of its inhabitants are employed in navigation. Near the centre is a v., called iSorlh Kingston, which contains a court house, jail, a Congregational church, a bank, and about 3J dwellings. Another v. in its s. E. part contains an Episcopal church. There are in the t. besides, 3 churches — 2 Friends and 1 Baptist. First settled in 1670. The Stoning- ton and Providence railroad passes through it. There are in the t. 27 stores, cap. ,$9,300 ; 11 full- ing m., 10 vvoolreu fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 5 tanneries, 1 printing office, 8 grist m., 4 saw m. 79 Cap. in manufac. $318,500. 1 acad. 3J students, 18 sch. 465 scholars. Pop. 3,717. South Kirtland, p-o., Kirtland t., Lake co., O., 163 N. N. E. Columbus, 349 W. South Kortright, p o., Kortright t., Dela- ware CO., N. Y., 69 w. s. w. Albany, 349 W. South Lansing, p-o., Lansing t., Tompkins CO., N. v., 170 w. by s. Albany, 303 W. South Lee, p-v., Lee t., Berkshire co., Mass., 131 w. Boston, 365 W. South Leeds, p-o., Leeds t, Kennebec co.. Me., 23 w. s. w. Augusta, 587 W. South Le Roy, p-o., Le Roy t., Genesee co., N. Y., 242 w. by n. Albany, 364 W. South Levant, p-o., Levant t., Penobscot co.. Me., 78 N. E. Augusta, 673 W. South Lincoln, p-v., Lincoln t., Penobscot CO., Me., 1 1 1 N. E. Augusta, 706 W. South Livonia, p-o., Livonia t., Livingston CO., N. Y., 22 w. Albany, 349 W. South Lodi, p-o., Lodi t., Seneca co., N. Y., 188 w. Albany, 319 W. South Lyme, p-v., Lyme t.. New London co., Ct., 50 s. Hartford, 343 W. South Lyndeborough, p-o., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 41 s. s. w. Concord, 459 W. South Marcellu.s, p-o., Marcellus t., Onon- daga CO., N. Y., 144 w. by n. Albany, 340 W. South Marlow, p-o., Marlow t., Cheshire co., N. II., 52 w. by s. Concord, 456 W. South Mendon, p-o., ftlendon t., Worcester CO., Mass., 37 s. w. Boston, 410 W. South' Miudleboro' p-o., Middleboro' t., Plymouth co., Mass., 46 s. by e. Boston, 439 W. South Miudletown, p-v., Wallkill t.. Or- ange CO., N. Y., 112 s. s. w. Albany, 285 W. It contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational,! Meth- odist, I Presbyterian — 1 bank, 15 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 iron foundry, and 800 inhabitants. South Middletown, t., Cumberland co., Pa. Tiie surface is various ; soil, calcareous loam. Drained by Yellow Breeches cr., and its tribu- tary, iMountain cr. Letart spring, on its n. bor- der, gives motion to 2 mills. South Motintain crosses its s. part. It has 5 stores, cap. $5,900 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 1 distillery, 1 paper fac, 4 flouring m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,170. 1 school GO scholars. Pop. 2,055. South Milford, p-o., Milford t., Worcester CO., iMass., 35 s. w. by w. Boston, 411 W. South Mills, p-o., Camilen Co., N. C, 232 e. N. E. Raleigh, 266 W. South Nankin, p o., Nankin t., Wayne co., .Mich., 15 s. w. Detroit, 532 W. South Natick, p-v., Natick t., 3Iiddlesex co., 3Iass., 15 w. s. w. Boston, 424 W. South New Berlin, p-v., New Berlin t., Che- nango CO., N. Y., 106 w. s. w. Albany, 339 W. South Newcurg, p-o., Newburg t., Penob.scot CO., Me., 51 N. e. Augusta, 649 W. South Newcurg, p-o., Newburg t., Orange CO., Vt. South Newcastle, po., Ohio t., Gallia co., O., 121 s. s. E. Columbus, 379 W. It is pleasantly situated on the n. bank of Ohio r., and contains 3 stores, a furnace, forge, and rolling mill. The principal business of the place consists in the mineral coal trade. South New Durham, p-o., StrafTord co., N. IL, 30 n. e. Concord, 32 n. w. by n. Dover. South New Market, p-o., New 3Iarket t., Rockingham co., N. H., 41 s. e. Concord, 483 W. South New Port, p-v., Mcintosh co., Ga., 108 s. E. iMilledgeville, 7.<5 W. South Nevvry, po., Newry t., Oxford co., Me., 68 w. Augtista, 608 W. sou 626 SOU South Norwalk, p-v., Norwalk t., Fairfield CO., ( :t. South Norridgewock, p-o., NorriilKowock t., Somerset co., Me., 31 n. Aup;ustii, 62G W. SouTiioi.i), |)-l., Siillblk CO., N. v., 241 s. e. Albimy, :W1 VV., l.'J k. Uiverlieail. Tho snrfuoc is gciiernlly level. It 1ms 1,omk Isliiiid >(>uri(l on the N., anil (Jrciit I'eeonic. and (iuidiner'.s bays on the s. FiHh(T'M, (inll, I'lnm, and Uolihins' i.sl- ands, beloiif; to it. The v. is u Mcattereil settle- ment,, and contains 3 chnreliCM — I rresbytorian, I Methodist, and 1 IJniversalist. There are in tho t. as stores, cap. $.00,800; 23 sell. 1,071 schol- ars. Pop. 3,'J07. South Ono.nijaija, p-o., Ononihiga t. and co., N. Y., 138 w. by N. Albany, 311 VV. South Ouanck, p-o., Oianj^'c t., Franklin co., Mass., 74 w. by n. Bo.ston, 112 W. South Orlkans, |)-o., Orleans t., liarnstable CO., Mass., 07 s. 8. K. Boston, VM W. South Orrincjton, p-o., OrriiiKton I., IN'iioh- 8Cot CO., Me., ()7 N. K. AiijijUKta, (J()3 W. South Orsioi.u:, p-o., <)ts(di(- t., (Mienungo co., N. Y., ll'.» w. by s. Albany, 33'J W. South O.vi'oiid, ji-o., Oxibrd t., Chenango Co., N. Y., 115 w. by .s. Alliany, 322 W. South Owkoo, p-o., Owcgo t., Tioga co., N. Y., IG'J w. H. w. Albany, 2H3 VV. South Paris, p-o., I'aiis t., O.xford eo., Me., 42 w. by .s. Angnsta, .WO W. SouTfi I'arson.skiki.h, p-o., Parsonsfiold t., York CO., Me., 84 w. H. vv. Angnsta, 53.') W. South Plymouth, p-o., Wayne co., Mich., 23 s. w. Detroit, .524 W. Sourii Point, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 177 w. by s. ItalcMgh, 41C) W. South Poiii', p-v., Fairfield t., Fairfield co., (U., 60s. w. Ilarllbrd, 277 W. Situated at the mouth of Mill r., at its entrance into a small bay of Long Island sound. It contains a Congrega- tional church, an academy, a l)ardi, 8 stores, and about 70 dwellings. It has a convenient harbor for vessels of 100 tons, which is rarely frozen. It has an extensive! break water, constructed by the government of the IJ. S. South Port, p-t., <'h(\mung co., N. Y., 4 s. Elrnira, 11)7 w. s. w. Albany, 277 VV. The sur- face is hilly, with broad alluvial (lals on Che- mung r., which runs on its n. border. It has 3 stores, cap. iJi^.OOl) ; 2 fulling in., 11 sch. 553 scholars, i'op. 2,101. Sou'i'H Pout, ]>\., Riieino eo.. Wis., 110 k. s. K. Madison, 7(')'J VV. Situated on the vv. side of Lake 31ii-higan. It contains several stores, and about 500 inhabitants. South Pui.'I'NKY, po., Pultneyt., Steuben co., N. Y., 21(5 w. by s. Albany, 312"W. South tiuw, |) o., Soutliauiplon co., Va., 85 s. H. K. Richmond, 201 W. Sou'i'H Rkaih.nc;, p-o., Reading t., Windsor co., Vt., (54 s. Montpelicn-, 475 VV. South Rkajhnu, i)-l., iMiddlesex co., Mass., II N. Boston, 451 W. Incorjjorated from Read- ing in 1812. The princijial v. is situate-o., Wallingford t., Rutland CO., Vt., 71 s. by vv. .Vlontpelier, 452 W. South Wai.toi.e, p-o., VValpolet., INorlblk co., Mass., 20 ». w. Boston. Soutuwark, district of, a sul/urb of the city sou 6-27 SPA of Philadelphia, from which it was separated, for certain local purposes, in 1762, and is H m. long, and of tlie same breadth. This act. was confirmed in 1794, when it was incorporated, to be governed by 15 commissioners, 5 of wliom are elected annually, for the term of 3 years. It contains 761) acres of level alluvial ground, and lias nearly 5.000 dwelling hou.ses, many of them handsome and commodiou;--, but a large proportion are frame or brick buildings of two stories. Most of the streets are paved and lighted, and have a watch. It is supplied with water from the Schuylkill water works. The navy yard, seve- ral ship and boat yards, and a marine railway are on Delaware r. A brick shot-tower is a lofty and conspicuous structure. There were in 1840, 5 commercial and commission houses, cap. $80,000; 252 stores, cap. $262,109; 9 lumber yards, cap. $203,000; 2 dyeing and printing e.s- tab., 1 tannery, 7 distilleries, 2 breweries, 2 pot- teries, 1 sugar refinery, 4 rope fac, 2 printing of- fices, 1 weekly and 1 semi-weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $S90,56'J. 6 acad. 1,059 stu- dents, 40 sch. 2,070 scholars. Pop. 27,548. (See Philadelphia.) South Warren, p-v., Warren t., Worcester CO., Mass., 66 w. by s. Boston, 382 W. It con- tains a Unitarian church. South W.\rre\, p-o., Bradford co., Pa., 155 N. by E. Harrisburg, 265 W. South W.vterford, p-o., Waterford t., Oxford CO., Me., 54 w. by s. Augusta, 587 W. South Weare, p-o., Weare t., Ilillsboro' co., N. H., 17 s. w. Concord, 472 W. South Wellfleet, p-o., WelKleet t., Barn- stable CO., Mass., 101 s. e. Boston, 502 W. Southwest, t., Warren co.. Pa. It has 1 full- ing m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,300 ; 2 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 201. Southwest, t., Orange co., Indiana. It has 3 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 993. Southwest Bend, p-o., Cumberland co., Me., 36 s. w. Augusta, 369 W. South Westerloo, p-v., Westerloo t., Al- bany CO., N. Y., 27 w. Albany, 363 Albany. South West Harbor, p-v., Hancock co,, Me , 114 s. E. Augusta, 696 W. South Westport, p-v., Westport t., Bristol CO., 72 s. Boston, 436 W. South Wev.mouth, p-o., Weymouth t., Nor- folk CO., Mass., 15 s. by e. Boston, 443 W. South Whitehall, p-t., Lehigh co., Pa., 87 E. N. E. Harrisburg, 180 W. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam, fertile, and well cultivated. Watered by Jordan and Cedar creeks. It con- tains a Lutheran church ; 4 stores, cap. 14,300 ; 2 tanneries, 5 grist m., 2 saw m., I oil m. Cap. in manufac. $2,400. 11 sch. 535 scholars. Pop. 2,290. Southwick, p-t., Hampden co., 31ass., 10 w. s. w. Springfield, 103 w. by s. Boston, 359 W. The surface is elevated ; soil, fertile, adapted to grazing. Watered by a branch of Westfield r. The V. at the centre has 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist church, an academy, and about 25 dwell- ings. A portion of land, 2 ms. long and 2 wide, projects s. beyond the other portion of the state line, forming a notch into Conn. Suice 1800, this tract has been determined to belong to 3Iassa- chusetts, altiiough it was before in dispute. This part of the t. contains a Methodist Episcopal church. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 2 pow- der m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 1 acad. 45 students, 7 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 1,214. Southwick, p-o., Wawarsing t., Ulster co., N. Y., 93 s. s. w. Albany, 298 W. Souti[ WiCiiRAiiAM, p o., Wilbraham t., Hampden co., Mass., 82 w. s. w. Boston, 373 W. South Williamstowv, p-v., Williamstown t., Berkshire co , Mass., 135 w. by .\. Boston, 389 W. It contains I church, common lo Congre- gationalists and Baptists, I store, and several dwellings. South Wi.\dham, p-o., Windham t., Cumber- land CO., Me., 60 s. w. Augusta, 5 19 W. South Wi.ndsor, p-o., Windsor t., Kennebec CO., Me., 10 E. Augusta, 602 W. South Wi.\dsor, p-o., Windsor t., Broome co., N. Y., 131 w. s. w. Albany, 295 W. South WoLFBORouGH, p-v., Wolfborough t., Carroll co., N. II., 37 n. e. Concord, 518 W. South Woodstock, p-v., Woodstock t., Wind- sor CO., Vt., 55 s. Montpelier, 431 W. South Wocur.n', p-o., Woburn t., Middlesex CO., Mass. South Worcester, p-v., Worcester t., Otsego CO., N. Y., 62 w. Albany, 363 W. Situated on Charlotte r., and contains a church, 2 stores, and about 125 inhabitants. South Wrentham, p-o., Wrentham t., Nor- folk CO., Mass., 36 s. by w. Boston, 414 W. South Yarmouth, p-v., Yarmouth t., Barnsta- ble CO.. Mass., 82 s. e. Boston, 483 W. South Zanesville, v., 3Iuskingum co., O. Pop. 72. SowARD Town, p-v., Kent co., Del., 27 s. Do- ver, 112 W. SoxviLLE, pv., Monroe co.. Pa., 131 n. e. Harrisburg, 22^ W. Spadra, t., Johnson co.. Ark. It has 3 sch. 68 scholars. Pop. 1,451. Spafford, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 18 w. Sy- racuse, 154 w. by n. Albany, 334 W. The sur- face is hilly; soil, various. It has Skeneateles lake on the w. and Oiisco lake on the E. It has 5 stores, cap. $2^,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $28,110. 10 sch. 700 scholars. Pop. 1,873. Spafford Hollow, p-o., Spafford t., Onon- daga CO., i\. Y., 137 w. by n. Albany, 331 W. Spark's, p-o., Wilson co., Tenn., 39 e. Nash- ville, 653 W. Sparta, p-t., Livingston co., N. Y., 241 w. Al- bany, 336 W. The surface is, in part, uneven ; soil, clay loam on the hills, and sandy alluvion in the valleys, and moderately fertile. Drained by Canaseraga cr. Dansville branch of Genesee Valley canal passes through the t. It has 25 stores, cap. $-i7,2()5 ; 4 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 furnaces, 4 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 4 paper fac, 1 printing office, 7 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac $152,268. 1 acad. 12 students, 29 sch. 1,829 scholars. Pop. 5,841. Sparta, p-v., Hardiston t., Sussex co., N. J., 78 N. Trenton, 246 W. Situated near the source of WalUdll r., and contains a neat Presbyterian church, 3 stores, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 4 forges, and about 40 dwellings, many of them handsome. Iron and zinc ores are found in the neighbor- hood. Sparta, p-o., Morris t., Washington co., Pa., 219 w. Harrisburg, 246 W. Sparta, t., Westmoreland co.. Pa. It has 2 fulling m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,400. 3 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 632. Sparta, p-v., Bloomfield t., Knox co., O., 46 N. e. Columbus, 391 W. Sparta, p-o., Caroline co., Va., 51 n. by E. Richmond, 91 W. Sparta, p-v., Edgecombe co., N. C, 84 e. Ra- leigh, 270 W. Sparta, p-v., capital of Hancock co., Ga., 23 n. e. Milledgeville, 648 W. It contains a court SPE 628 SPO house, jail, 1 Methodist church, a female acade- my, 10 stores, 50 dwellings, and about 600 in- habitants. Sparta, p-v., capital of Conecuh co., Ala., 164 s. by E. Tuscaloosa, 923 W. Situated on Murder cr., a branch of Conecuh r. It contains a court house, jail, a U. S. land office, several stores, and about 100 inhabitants. Sparta, p-v., capital of White co., Tenn., 83 E. by s. Nasliville. 5'J3 W. Situated on a branch of Caney fork of Cumberland r., and contains a court house, jail, a church, and about 350 inhabi- tants. Sparta, t., Noble co., la It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000. Pop. 245. Sparta, p-o., Randolph co., 111., 141 s. Spring- field, 816 W. Sparta, p-v., capital of Buchanan co., Mo. Situated on the head waters of Bee cr. It con- tains a court house, jail, and a number of dwell- ings. It is 8 ms. s. w. of Roubedoux landing, on the Missouri r. Spartanburg, district, S. C. Situated in the N. part of the slate, and contains 1,050 sq. ms. Drained by Ennoree, Tyger, Fair Forest, and Pacolet rivers. Capital, Spartanburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,498, sheep 11,104, Bwine 31,251 ; wheat 58,670 bush, produced, Ind. corn 722,751, oats 67,615, potatoes 2,532, cotton 1,595,303 pounds ; 39 stores, cap. $98,700 ; 2 fur- naces, 3 forges, 4 cotton fac. 2,207 sp., 8 tanneries, 37 distilleries, 2 potteries, 6 flouring m., 52 grist m., 41 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $160,030. 5 acad. 179 students, 17 sch. 375 scholars. Pop. whites 17,924, slaves 5,687, free col'd 58 ; total, 23,669. Spartanburg, C. H., p-v., capital of Spartan- burg dist., S. C, 98 N. w. Columbia, 471 W. It contains a court house, jail, a church, and about 350 inhabitants. Spartansburg, p-v., Randolph co., la. Spartapolis, p-v., Rockingham co., Va., 142 N. w. Richmond, 120 W. Speedsvii.le, p-v., Caroline t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 177 w. by s. Albany, 307 W. Situated on West Owego cr., and contains 1 Pres^byterian church, 2 stores, 1 saw m., 1 woollen fac, 1 car- riage fac, 90 dwellings, and about 5:J0 inhabitants. Speedwell, p-o., Wythe co., Va., 269 w. by S. Richmond, 330 W. Speedwell, p-v., Bamwell dist., S. C, 114 s. s. w. Columbia, 610 W. Situated on e. side of Savannah r. Speedwell, p-v., Claiborne co., Tenn., 212 e. by N. Nashville, 598 W. Speerville, p-o., Bedford co.. Pa., 83 w. by S. Harrisburg, 109 W. Speight's Bridge, p-v., Greene co., N. C, 79 E. s. E. Raleigh, 289 W. Situated on Mockasin cr. The v. contains about 60 inhabitants. Spencer, county, Ky. Situated a little N. of the centre of the state, and contains 260 sq. miles. Drained by the e. fork of Salt r. and its branches. Capital, Taylorsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,913, sheep 8,495, swine 23,497; wheat 70,786 bush, produced, rye 14,083, Indian corn 324,765, oats 71,722, potatoes 3,998, tobacco 42,200 pounds; 14 stores, cap. $46j610; 1 tannery, 21 distilleries, 16 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $20,090. 2 acad. 118 students, 9 sch. 275 scholars. Pop. whites 4,650, slaves 1,911, free col'd 20; total, 6,5S1. Spencer, county, la. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. Ohio river bounds it on the s. Drained by Anderson's, Little Pigeon, Crooked, Big, and Sandy creeks. The surface is nearly level ; soil, productive. Capital, Rockport. There were in 1840. neat cattle 5,673, sheep 5,713, swine 17,942; wheat 18,338 bush, produced, Indian corn 53,542, oals 17,719, potatoes 12,7'J6, tobacco 96,407 pounds, sugar 2,706 ; 15 stores, cap. $43,11)0 ; 4 tanneries, 1 pottery, 12 grist ra., 5 saw- m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $13,365. 19 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 6,305. Spencer, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 53 w. Boston. 395 W. Incorporated from I^eicesler m 1753. The surface is elevated, being 950 feet above tidewater at Boston harbor, and is uneven and rough ; soil, lertile. Watered by Seven Mile r., and other small streams, branches of Chicapce r. It contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Universalist. The v. near the centre contains 2 churches, and about 40 dwell- ings. 1'here are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $9,200 ; grist m., 9 saw m. 1 1 scii. 528 scholars. Pop. 1,604. Spencek, p-t., Tioga co., N. Y., 15 w. Owego, 179 w. s. w. Albany, 280 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Catto- tong creek and its branches. The v. contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 5 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 tannery, 60 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $33,650 ; 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 20 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,034. 429 scholars in schools. Pop. 1,532. Spencer, p-v., Davidson co., N. C, 191 \v. Raleigh, 348 W. Spencer, p-t., Medina co., O., Ill n. n. e. Co- lumbus, 366 W. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. 4 sch. 142 scholars. Pop. 551. Spencer, t., Guernsey co., O. Situated on the liead waters of Wills cr. It contains the v. of Cumberland. Pop. 1,669. Spencer, p-v., capital of Van Buren co.,Tenn., 90 s. E. Nashville, 611 W. It has a court house, and a few dwellings. Sfen'cer, p-v., capital of Owen co., la., 58 s. w. Indianapolis, 621 W. Situated on the n. w. bank of n. fork of White r., and contains a court house, jail, 2 churches — 1 Baptist and 1 Method- ist — 4 stores, 1 oil m., 1 ropewalk, 1 copper and tin fac, and about 375 inhabitants. Spencerport, p-v., Ogden t., Monroe co., N. Y., 234 w. by n. Albany, 380 W. It is situated on the Erie canal, and contains 1 church, 7 stores, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 furnace, 1 carriage fac, 45 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Spenceksborg, p-v., Pike co., Mo., 88 n. e. Jef- ferson City, 892 W. Spencertown, p-v., Austerlitz t., Columbia CO., N. Y., 29 s. s. E. Albany, 359 W. It con- tains 1 Presbyterian church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 plaster m., 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhab- itants. Spencerville, p-v., De Kalb co., la., 150 n. N. E. Indianapolis, 544 W. Speonk, p-o., Southampton t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 228 s. s. E. Albany, 308 W. Sperryville, p-v., Rappahannock co., Va., 123 N. N. w. Richmond, 80 VV. Spiceland, p-o., Henry co., la., 38 e. n. e. In- dianapolis, 543 W. Spinnerstown, p-v., Bucks co., Pa., 91 e. Harrisburg, 178 W. Split Rock, p o., Essex t. and co., N. Y., 133 N. Albany, 504 W. It derives its name from the noted split rock in Lake Champlain, which ap- pears as if cloven in sunder by some convulsion of nature. Spoon, river. 111., is made up by the union of several ibrks in Coffee co., and pursues a s. and s. e. course, until it enters Illinois r. on the w side. It affords good water power. SPR 629 SPR Spoon River, p-o., Fulton co., 111., 159 n. n. w. Springfield, 837 W. Spottedville, p-v., Stafford co., Va., 76 N. Richmond, 67 W. Spottswood, p-v., Amboy t., Middlesex co., N. J., 36 N. E. Trenton, 2U2 W. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Dutch Reformed church, 2 stores, 2 tobacco fac, and about 30 dwellings. SpoTTsyLVANi.\, county, Va. Situated in the E. part of the state, and contains 408 sq. miles. The surface is uneven. Rappahannock r. runs on its N. border. Drained by head branches of North Anna and Mattapony rs. It contains the city of Fredericksburg. Capital, Spottsylvania C.'H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,971, sheep 7,670, swine 12,455; wheat 5^,450 bushels produced, Ind. corn 302,889, oats 101,774, pota- toes 9,787, tobacco 333,147 pounds, cotton 4,454 ; 82 stores, cap. $394,961 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 2 (louring m., 37 grist m., 15 saw m., 2 printing offices, 4 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $153,100. 15acad. 415 students, 20 sch. 234 scholars. Pop. wliites 6,787, slaves 7,590; tgtal, 15,161. Spottsylv.^nia, C. H., p-v., capital of Spott- sylvania co., Va., 71 n. by w. Riciimond, 6:i W. Situated on Po r., a branch of Mattapony r., and contains a court house, jail, and about 75 inhab- itants. Spout Spring, p-o., Campbell co., Va., 99 w. by s. Richmond, 185 W. Speaker's Basin, p-v.. Root t., Montgomery CO., N. v., 47 w. N. w. Albany, 398 W. Situated on the Erie canal, and contains 1 church, 2 stores, and about 20 dwellings. Spread Eagle, p-v., Radnor t., Delaware co.. Pa., 83 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 133 W. It contains 1 store, and 10 or 12 dwellings. SpRiGG, t., Adams co., O. It contains the v. of Manchester. It lias 9 stores, cap .$9,790 ; 4 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. .$1,200. 4 sch. 103 scholars. Pop. 1,976. Spring, p-t., Crawford co.. Pa., 257 n. w. Har- risburg, 330 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,800. Pop. 1,616. Spring, t.. Centre co., Pa. It has 4 stores, capital $9,000 ; 1 furnace, 4 forges, 1 brewery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,000. 6 sch. 255 scholars. Pop. 1,793. Spring Arbor, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 80 w. Detroit, 532 W. The v. is situated near one of the head branches of Kalamazoo r., on the site of an ancient Indian v. It contains a store, and a few dwellings. There are in the t. 2 saw m. Capital in manufac. $7,000. 4 sch. 127 scholars. Pop. 775. Spri.ngborough, p-v.. Clear Creek t., Warren CO., O., 84 s. w. Columbus, 470 W. Situated on the N. side of Clear creek, 4 ms. from the Miami canal. It contains 3 churches — 2 Friends and 1 Methodist — 6 stores, 16 mechanic shops, 1 wool- len fac, 2 flouring m., 100 dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. It derives its name from a spring, which moves several mills. Spring Ckeek, pt., Warren co.. Pa., 232 n. w. Harrisburg, 324 \V. The surface is broken and rocky ; soil, gravelly and stony, and scarcely capable of cultivation. Watered by Broken Straw cr. It has 2 tanneries, 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,250. 4 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 435. Spring Creek, p-o., Greenbrier co., Va., 226 w. by N. Richmond, 261 W. Spring Creek, t., Miami co., O. It has 2 dis- tilleries. Cap. in manufac. $5,000. 7 sch. 333 scholars. Pop. 1,444. Spring Creek, p-o., Cherokee co., Ala., 149 N. E. Tuscaloosa, 680 W. Spring Creek, p-o., Madison co., Tenn., 121 w. s. w. Nashville, 806 W. Spring Dale, p-o., Alleghany co., Pa., 203 w. by .N. Harrisburg, 239 W. Spring Dale, p-o., Springfield t., Hamilton CO., O., 110 s. w. Columbus, 5()(> W. Springersville, p-v,, Fayette co., la., 64 e. by s. Indianapolis, 515 W. Springfield, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 60 n. E. by E. Bangor. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain, and particularly to wheat. Incorporated in 1834. Drained by branches of Mattawamkeag r., which afford water power. It has 2 stores, cap. $950 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $3,206. 7 sch. 236 scholars. Pop. 546. Springfield, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 35 n. w. Concord, 492 W. Drained by the head wa- ters of Black r., flowing into the Merrimac, and of Sugar r., flowing into the Connecticut ; and it therefore occupies the height of land between Connecticut and Merrimac rivers. The surface is rough ; soil, fertile. Chartered in 1769. Re- ceived its present name in 1794. It contains several considerable ponds. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500; 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 7 sch. 430 scholars. Pop. 1,252. Springfield, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 77 s. Montpelier, 439 VV. Bounded e. by Connecticut r. It has a fertile soil, adapted to grain and to grazing. Drained by Black r., which has im- portant falls here, affording great water power. At the falls, 4 ms. from its mouth in Connecticut r., is a flourishing manufacturing v. The mea- dows on Connecticut r. are extensive and very fertile. It has 8 stores, cap. $23,700 ; 6 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 650 sp., 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 3 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $106,500. 19 sch. 904 scholars. Pop. 2,625. Springfield, p-t., capital of Hampden co., Mass., on the e. side of Connecticut r., 21 n. Hart- ford, 91 w. Boston, 363 W. Pop. 1^30, 6,784 ; 1S40, 10,9S5. Incorporated in 1(543. Watered by Chickapee and Mill rivers. On the r. are rich alluvial meadows, exceedingly fertile ; and back, the land rises and terminates in a plain, mode- rately fertile. The main street extends along the r. between 2 and 3 miles. The houses are well built, and many of them are elegant. Springfield v. has a court house, jail, 7 churches — 3 Congre- gational, 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Unitarian — two banks, and one of the most extensive United States arsenals of construction in the country. A bridge here crosses Connec- ticut r. The armory is pleasantly situated, on elevated ground, half a mile e. of the village. The buildings are arranged on a large square, and consist of one brick edifice 240 feet by 32, 2 stories high, occujiied by lock filers, stockers, and finishers ; a brick forging shop 150 feet by 32 ; a brick building 60 feet by 32, 2 stories high, the second story forming a spacious hall devoted to religious worship ; a brick building 100 feet by 40, and 2 stories high, used as a depository of arms, and numerous smaller stores and shops. The water works are situated on Mill r., about 1 mile s. of the arsenal, on 3 different sites, called the Upper, Middle, and Lower Water shops, the whole comprising 5 workshops, 2S forges, 10 trip- hammers, 18 water-wheels, exliibiting a great assemblage of water-works. The whole estab- lishment employs from 240 to 250 workmen, who complete 43 nmskets daily. The water power owned by the United States would admit of a great extension of these works. There were in SPR 630 SPR Springfield, ill 1810, 6S stores, cap. $250,000; value of machinery manufactnretl, $120,000; hardware and cutlery, $123,000; 30 cannon and 14,000 small-arms ; 8 cotton fac. 43,700 sp., cap. $1,650,000 ; 3 tanneries, 2 breweries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m., 4 paper fac, 7 printing offices, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $2,631,500. 3 acad. 140 students, 36 sell. 1,512 scholars. At the mouth of Chickapee r., where it enters the Connecticut, is Chickapee village, 4 ms. n. of Springfield, a fine manufacturing village in that, of Springfield, which has 3 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Congregational, 1 Methodist — 4 cotton fac, 1 paper fac, 150 houses, and about 1,200 inhabit- ants. Springfield, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 8 n. Cooperstown, 61 w. Albany, 379 W. The sur- face is elevated and hilly ; soil, fertile in the val- leys. The N. end of Otsego lake extends to the centre of the t. It lias 5 stores, cap. $19,500 ; 4 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 4 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$24,515. 16 sch. 800 scholars. Pop. 2,382. Springfield, p-t., Essex co., N. .1., 8 w. New- ark, 52 N. E. Trenton, 217 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay loam and red shale. Rahvvay r. runs on its e. border, by tributaries of which it is drained. It is distinguished for its paper manu- factories. The v. is situated on Rahway r., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 5 stores, 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 10 paper m., and 200 dwellings. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $22,300; 1 tannery, 11 paper fac, 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $153,694. 7 sch. 453 scholars. Pop. 1,651. Springfield, t., Burlington co., N. J., 5 n. e. Mount Holly. The surface is level ; soil, sand and sandy loam, fertile, and well cultivated. The inhabitants are mostly Friends, and they have 3 Friends churches. Drained by Assiscunk cr. and its branches ; and by tributaries of the n. branch of Rancocus cr. It has 3 stores, cap. ,$13,000; 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $6,320. 7 sch. 411 scholars. Pop. 1,632. Springfield, p-t., Bradford co.. Pa., 154 n. by E. Harrisburg, 261 W. The surface is hilly; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Bentley's cr., and branches of Sugar cr. It has 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,860. 12 sch. 413 scholars. Pop. 1,437. Springfield, t., Bucks co.. Pa., 15 n. Doyles- town, 40 N. Philadelphia. The surface is rolling ; soil sandy loam. Drained by Durham cr., which affords water power, and by branches of Tohick- on cr. It has a v. which contains a churcli. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $21,300; 1 full- ing m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 7 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $10,840. Pop. 2,072. Springfield, t., Delaware co.. Pa., 12 w. Philadelphia, 4 n. Chester. Crum cr. runs on its w. boundary. It contains a church, 2 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 3,860 sp., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $65,950. 2 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 860. Springfield, t., Mercer co., Pa. The surface is level ; soil, clay and loam. Drained by Ne- shannock cr. It has 4 stores, cap. $3,700 ; 2 tan- neries, 6 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $500. 13 sch. 476 scholars. Pop. 1,804. Springfield, t., Erie co.. Pa. Drained by Crooked, Elk, and Racoon creeks. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. It has 3 stores, cap. $8,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac $5,050 ; 1 sch. 18 scholars. Pop. 2,344. Springfield, t, Hmitingdon co., Pa., 21 s. Huntingdon b. The surface is hilly ; soil, in the valleys, calcareous loam. Drained by Great Aughwick cr., and its branches, flowing into Ju- niata r. Iron ore is abundant. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,245. Pop. 934. Spp.ingfield, t., Montgomery CO., Pa., 10 n. Philadelphia, 7 N. E. Norristown. The surface is rolling; soil, calcareous loam. Drained by a branch of Wissahickon cr. Near the v. of Flour- town is a church. It has 3 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 2 grist m., I saw m Pop. 695. Springfield, t., York co.. Pa. It has 4 stores, cap. $4,700 ; 2 tanneries, 16 distilleries, 4 grist m., 4 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $26,400. Pop. 1,207. Springfield, p-v., Hampshire co., Va., 197 n. N. w. Richmond, 125 W. Situated on a branch of Potomac r., and contains about 75 inhabitants. Springfield, p-v., capital of Effingham co., Ga., 23 N. w. Savannah, 133 e. s. e. Milledgeville, 678 W. It contains a court house, jail, 1 store, and about 80 inhabitants. Springfield, pv., Greene co., Ala., 33 s. s. w. Tuscaloosa, 851 W. Springfield, p-v., capital of Livingston par.. La., 65 N. w. New Orieans, 1,152 W. Situated on the w. bank of Notalbaney r., a branch of Tickfaw r. It contains a court house, jail, and about 75 inhabitants. Springfield, p-v., capital of Robertson co., Tenn., 26 n. by w. Nashville, 708 W. Situated on the s. bank of Sulphur Fork of Red r., which flows into Cumberland r., at Clarksville. It con- tains a court house, jail, 2 stores, and about 275 inhabitants. Springfield, p-v., capital of Washington co., Ky., 63 s. s. w. Frankfort, 590 W. It contains a court house, jail, a bank, and 598 inhabitants. Springfield, t., Muskingum co., O. It has 7 sch. 263 scholars. Pop. 1,091. Springfield, p-v., Springfield t., capital of Clarke co., O., 43 w. Columbus, 436 W. Situ- ated on the national road, and on the e. fork of Mad r., which afTords extensive water power. It contains a handsome court house, a clerk's office, jail, 1 male and 1 female academy, 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 Reformed Metho- dist, and 1 Associate Reformed — 30 stores, 1 pa- per m., 1 grist m., 1 carding and fulling m., 1 brewery, 1 distillery, 1 printing ofllce, which is- sues a weekly newspaper, 15 sch. 793 scholars, 400 dwellings, and about2,062 inhabitants. There are in the t., exclusive of the v., 1 acad. 60 stu- dents. Pop. 2,349. Springfield, t., Gallia co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,800 ; 1 distillery, 2 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $1,950. Pop. 991. Springfield, t., Hamilton co., O. It has 13 sch. 69 scholars. Pop. 3,092. Springfield, t., Richland co., O. It has 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 1,686. Springfield, t.. Summit co., O. It has 7 sch. 208 scholars. Pop. 1,663. Springfield, t., Williams co., O. It has 2 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 359. Springfield, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 37 n. w. Detroit, 561 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,300; 1 saw m. Pop. 573. Springfield, p-v., Franklin co., la., 71 e. s. e. Indianapolis, 507 W. Situated on a small branch of Whitewater r. Springfield, t.. La Grange co., la. It has 1 store, cap. $12,000 ; 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,800. 4 sch. 59 schol- ars. Pop. 429. Springfield, p-v., capital of Sangamon co., SPR 631 SPR and of the State of Illinois, 105 n. by e. St. Louis, 780 from W. Situated near the centre of the state, 4 ms. s. Sangamon r., on tlie border of a beautiful and extended prairie. It was laid out in 1822, and in 1823 contained 30 families, living in log cabins. Its principal growth has been within 10 years pa.st. It contains a state house, lor the erection of which §50,000 has been ap- propriated, a court house, and market house, on a fine public .square, a jail, a U. S. land office, 6 churches — 2 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Baptist Reformed, and 1 Methodist — 3 acade- mies, 34 stores, cap. §266,000 ; 1 iron foundry, 4 carding machines, 3 printing offices, each issuing a weekly newspaper, and 2,579 inhabitants. It has been tiie capital of the stale since 1840. Springfield, p-v., Jackson co., Iowa. Spri.ngfield, p-v., Madison co., Miss., 41 n. N. E. Jackson, 97^ W. Springfield, p-v., capital of Greene co., Mo., 158 s. w. Jefferson City, 1,073 W. Situated on the head branches of James fork of White r., and contains a court house, jail, a United States land office, 8 stores, and abotit 500 inhabitants. Springfield Cross Roads, p-o., Erie co.. Pa., 270 N. w. Harrisburg, 341 W. Springfield Furn.\ce, p-o., Huntingdon co.. Pa., 115 w. Harrisburg, 153 W. Spring Forge, p-o., York co., Pa., 31 s. Har- risburg, 92 W. Spring Garden, t., York co.. Pa. It has 1 store, 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 1 pottery, 1 paper fac, 5 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $57,355. 1 sch. 32 scholars. Pop. 1,819. Spring Garden, p-v., Philadelphia co., Pa., 100 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 140 W. It is in fact a constituent part of the city of Philadelphia, though under a separate charter, and governed by 13 commissioners, elected for 3 years. It con- tains the Fairmont water-works, the Eastern pen- itentiary, the house of refuge, the city hospital, an entensive floor cloth fac, 5 commission houses, cap. $25,000; 106 retail stores, cap. $234,650 ; 13 lumber yards, cap. $271,0.00 ; 4 woollen fac, 4 cotton fac. 7,802 sp., 5 dyeing and print estab., 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 3 breweries, 1 pottery, 1 paper fac, 1 rope fac, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,178,000. 8 acad. 702 stu- dents, 29 schools, 1,057 scholars. Population 27,849. Spring Garden, p-v., Pittsylvania co., Va., 154 w. s. w. Richmond, 241 W. It contains 1 Baptist church, 1 store, and several mechanic shops. Spring Garden, p-o., Jefferson co., El., 140 s. s. w. Springfield, 835 W. Spring Grove, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa., 64 e. s. E. Harrisburg, 99 W. Spring Grove, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 139 w. Raleigh, 376 W. Spring Grove, p-o., Laurens dist., S. C, 66 W. N. w. Columbia. Spring Grove, p-o., Alachua co., Flor. Spring Grove, p-o., Warren co.. 111., 123 n. w. Springfield, 853 \V. Spring Hill, po., Bradford co.. Pa., 163 n. by E. Harrisburg, 273 W. Spring IIill, t., Fayette co.. Pa. It has 6 stores, cap. $20,500 ; 1 forge, 1 tannery, 3 distil- leries, 1 glass house, 5 grist m., 11 saw m.. 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $23,683. 6 sch. 360 scho- lars. Pop. 2,3 -^o. Spring Hill, p-o., Chesterfield co., Va.. 24 s. s. \v. Richmond, 141 W. Spring Hill, p-o., York dist., S. C, 92 N. by w. Columbia, 415 W. Spring Hill, p-o., flionroe co., Ga., 65 vv.Mil- ledgeville, 720 W. Spring Hill, p-v., Marengo Co., Ala., 71 s. by w. Tuscaloosa, H83 W. Situated a few ms. e. of the Tombigbee r., and contains about 125 inhab- itants. Spring Hill, p o., Tippah co., Miss., 214 n. n E. Jackson, 879 W. Spring Hill, p-o., Hempsted co., Ark., 136 3 w. Little Rock, 1,201 W. Spring Hill, p-o., Maury co., Tenn., 30 s. s, w. Nashville, 707 W. Spring Hill, p-o., Rapides par.. La. Spring Hill, p-o., Decatur co., la., 54 s. e. Indianapolis, 542 W. Spring Hill, t., Hempsted co.. Ark. It has 2 academies, 70 students. Pop. 892. Spring Hill, p-o., Scott co.. Mo., 213 s. e. Jefferson City, 861 W. Spring House, po., Montgomery co.. Pa., 99 E. Harrisburg, 154 W. Spring Mill, p-o.. Independence t., Alleghany CO., N. Y., 269 w. by s. Albany, 297 W. Sprlng Mill.s, p-o.. Centre co.. Pa., 80 n. w. Harrisburg, 174 W. Spring Mills, p-o. Lawrence co., la., 81 s. s. w. Indianapolis, 626 W. Sprlng Place, p-v., capital of Murray co., Ga., 184 N. w. iMilledgevillo, 605 W. Situated 3 ms. E. of Connessauga r. Formerly a missionary station among the Cherokees. It contains a court" house and jail; and about 150 inhabitants. Spring Place, p-v., Marshall co., Tenn., 66 s. Nashville, 712 W. Springport, t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 9 s. w. Au- burn, 165 w. Albany. The surface is rolling ; soil, calcareous loam, well cultivated and produc- tive. Drained by small streams flowing into Cayuga lake, which bounds it on the w. It has 7 stores, cap. $35,400 ; 1 lumberyard, cap. $2,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $105,750. 10 sch. 566 scholars. Pop. 1,890. Springport, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 100 w. Detroit, 570 W. It ha.s 2 sch. 47 scholars. Pop. 294. Spring River, t., Lawrence co.. Ark. Pop. 545. Spring Ridge, p-o., Hinds co., 3Iiss. Spring Rock, p-o., York dist., S. C, 71 n. Co- lumbia, 433 W. Spring Rock, p-o., Clinton co., Iowa. Springtown, p-v., Springfield t., Bucks Co., Pa., 106 E. Harrisburg, 185 W. It contains a store, and 8 or 10 dwellings. Spring VALE, p-v., York co.. Me., 86 s. w. Au- gusta, 515 W. Spkingville, p-v.. Concord t., Erie co., N. Y., 287 w. Albany, 353 W. Situated on Spring cr., and contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- tist, and 1 Blethodist — an academy, 5 stores, 2 flouring m., 3 saw- m., 2 tanneries, 2 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 1 cabinet fac, 175 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Spring VI lle, p-t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 173 N. N. E. Ilarri.sburg, 274 W. It has 3 stores, cap. •$9,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,000. 1 acad. 22 students, 6 sch. 162 scholars. Pop. 926. Springville, p-v., Big Spring t., Seneca co., O., 89 N. Columbus, 439 \V. Spklngville, p-v., Lenawee co., Mich., 68 s. w. Detroit, 523 W. It contains a store, and a few dwellings. Springville, p-v., Greenup co., Ky., 134 E. by N. Frankfort, 441 W. Situated on the s. bank of Ohio r., directly opposite to Portsmouth. Springville, p-v., St. Clair co., Ala., 83 e. n. 1 E. Tuscaloosa, 734 W. STA 632 STA Spkinovii.le, p-v., I^uvvrerice co., la., 81 s. s. w. IndiniiiipoliH, (iUl W. Si'iMN(;wATn;R, |)-l., Livingston co., N. Y., 10 E. Geiic«(:<>, 220 w. Albiitiy, 341 W. The mirliice is hilly anil roiij^li ; hoil.chiy loiirn, well sulapled to gra«H. Druiiicd hy tlin inlet of ilernluck lake. It liiiH U Htoriis, cup. $1H,:J00; I limihcr yard, cap. $1,1)00; 2 liilliiif.; in., 3 tannerien, 3 gri^t in., 21 saw Ml. Cap. in rnanufac. $51,730. 17 Hch. 888 scholarH. I'op. 2,832. Si'RiNf; Wki^lh, t., Washtenaw co., Mich. Ii, has 2 sell, yf) scholars. Pop. '.)I0. Si'Koirr Ckkkk, po., La ( 'range t., Uutchess CO., N. v., 80 B. Albany, 307 VV. SriincK, p-o., Alhion t., Oswego co., N. Y., 148 w. N. w. Alliany, 3S2 W. Si>ii(i(;i'; IIkai), I., Hancock co.. Me. Pop. 12. Sqijam, lake and r., IN. II. This lake lie»j be- tween Sandwicli, llolderno.ss, Monllonboroiigh, und Cenlre Harbor Ujwnsliips, and is ins. long and 3 wiilo, at its greatest width. It has a niiin- ber ol islands, and is a beaulii'ul sheet of wat(!r, surrounih^d by ijicluresfpie scenery. TIk! outlet 18 called Si|nain r.,and IIcjwm inio Peinigewasset r. SuUA.M, bay, I'^sscfx co., Mass., is siniattid on the N. of ('ape Ann, and connected with (iloiiccs- tcr harbor, on the ,s. side of the cape, by a short canal, which crosses the isthinu.s that joins the cape with the main land. SuuAM, v., Gloucester t., Essex co., Mass. Sit- uated on th(! N. side of Cape Ann, and is inhab- ited chiedy by fishernieri. ll contains 1 (Congre- gational, I Baptist, and 1 IJiiivcrsalist church, ll has a good harbor, and considerable shipping. SuUANKii.vi, p-v., Howell t., Monnionth (;o., N. .L, 10 .s. K. Freehold, 43 .s. k. Trenton, 20'.) W. It coiilains 1 Friends church, 1 store, 1 grist in. and fulling in., and alujut 15 dwellings. It is (surrounded by a pine forest, and a sandy soil. SuuAiiK, p-o., Cayuga co., N. Y., 101 w. by n. Albany, 320 W. SacAiiK Pond, p-o., Tolland co., Ct., 20 n. e. llarllbrd, 302 W. The pond is situated on the K. line of Siafliird, with an outlet llowing n., in- to Willinianlic r. S I'AATniiUiKJ, p-o., Hyde Park t., DutchoBS co., N. v., 01 H. Albany, 30'J W. Staffoiio, t., Tolland co., Ct., 6 N. E. Tolland, 24 N. }■:. Hartford, T.l w. s. w. Boston. The sur- face is hilly and inountainoiis ; soil, gravelly louin, adapted to grazing. Watered by l*'nrnac;e and Williinaiitic rivers, which unite in this t., and affijrd good water jiower. Bog iron ore of an excell(;nt (|uality is found, and (extensively man- ufactured, particularly into hollow ware. The V. is on an elevated plain, with a large open square in tho centre, and contains a Congrega- tional and a IJniversalist church. There is also a Methodist chundi in tho t. — (see; Stail<)r(l Springs.) There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $21,000; 1 fulling III., 5 woollen fac.,4 furnaces, 2 forges, 2 tanneries, 2 grist in., 4 saw m. Cap. in nianufac. .f82,2(M). I'Jsch. 052 scholars. Pop. 2,40'J. STAi't'OHiJ, p-t., (ilenesce co., N. V., 243 vv. by N. Albany, 377 VV. The suriiiee is generally level; s(jil, clay and gravelly loam. Draiiu^d by Allen's and Black creeks. 'i'h(i v. contains 3 churches, 2 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $25,.500; 3 fulling in., 1 wooIKmi fac, 1 tannc^ry, 1 distillery, 5 grist in., 8 saw m. Caj). in iiiann- fac. $87,435. I acad. 29 students, 18 seh. 773 scholars. Pop. 2,.5()l. StaI'I'OIU), t., Monmouth co., N. J., 3S r. Free- hold. The KUiliic<; is level ; soil, sand, gravel, and marsh. Long Beach extends about 1 1 lus. along the ocean, and is 1 m. wide on an average, separating Little I'/gg Harbor bay from the sea The bay is from 2 to 3 ins. wide, and back of it is a salt marsh, of ofinal width. Drained by JManaliocking, (iunniiig, (.'edar, and Westccunk creeks. It has 'J stores, eaj). $3,212; 1 grist ni., 4 saw III., 7 sell. 215 scholars. Po|). 2,149. Stafford, county, Va. Situated in the k. pari of the state, and contains 335 sij. ins. Rappahan- no<4{ r. runs on its ,s. vv. bordr'r. Draiinid by Po- tomar; and Aqnila creeks, small braindies of Po- tomac r. Capital, Falmouth. There were in H40, neat cattle 5,357, sheep 5,105, swine 'J,0G8 ; wheat 30,510 bush, produced, rye 4,281, Ind. corn 212,183, buckwheat 250, oats 08,1(50, potatoes 11,518, tobacco, 31,031 pounds, cotton 700,287 ; 7 stores, cap. $1H,0;)0 ; 1 tannery, 10 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in maimfac. $1,700. 11 sell. l'J5 scho- lars. Pop. whites 4,489, slaves 3,590, free coi'd 309; total, 8,4.54. STAi'i'OitD, p-o., Monroe co., O., 118 e. Colum- bus, 287 W. Staki'oiii), (;. IL, p-v., capital of Stafford co., Va., 73 N. Uichmond, 40 W. Situated on the n. bank of Rappahannock r., opposite to Freilericks- biirg. It contains a court liouse, jail, 2 stores, and 83 dwellings. Stai'Kord Si'iii,N(;a, p-v., Staflijrd t., Tolland CO., Ct., 28 N. K. Hartford, 304 VV. Tho springs have acquired much celebrity for the cure of cuiancious complaints. There are 2 springs, of diflcrent (lualilies. One contains a solnlioii of iron, sustained by carbonic acid gas, a portion of ma- rine salt, and what is called natron or a native alkali. 'I'llis is one of the most e/licacious elia- lybeulc! springs in the United Slates. The other spring contains a large portion of hytliogen gas, of sulphur, and a small portion of iron. The first spring is on tho margin of a branch of Williman- tic r., and the oilier a few rods w. of it. Here ia a spacious and elegant hotel for the accommoda- tion of visiters, who are numerous in the summer season, and the country around is peculiarly ro- mantic. Si'A(;fjvii,iJ';, i)-v.. Orange co., N. C, 31 n. w. Raleigh, 273 W. ,^ S'rAiiLEii'H, po., Lehigh co.. Pa., 80 e. n. e. Ilarrisburg, 179 W. Sta 1-1,1 N(j.s Store, p-o., Monroe co., Ga., 43 w. Milledgeville, 098 W. Sta.mI'OKd, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., 9 s. k. Bennington, 143 s. s. w. Montpelier, 404 W. The surfai;e is very uneven, lying on the w. bor- der of the (jreen mountain range, and much of it is incajiable of cultivation. There are 2 ponds in the N. part, one of which discharges its waters w. through Walloomsac, into lloosic r., and tho other s. into Deerlield r. Drained by brauchcH of lloosic r. it has 1 store, cap. $2,.5O0 ; 5 saw III. ( 'ap. in manufac. $l,0(JO. 4 sell. 99 scholars. Pop. 002. Stamp'ori), p-t., Fairfi
, j)t., .Strallbrd eo., N. H., 25 e. n. E. Concord, 5'JG W. Jllue hill crosses its n. part. The soil is generally fertile. How pond, in its s. w. part, 0.50 rods long and 400 wide, gives rise to Isinglass r., which watc^rs ils a. part. Drained in its N. part by branches of Suncook r. Incor- porats of cop- peras are manufactured. TIk^ bed is half a mile long and 3 rods wide, and of an uidtnovvn depth. Several hundrcnl tons are produced annually. It has 3 stores, cap. $1,200; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 'J saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,850. 13 sch. 620 scholars. Pop. 1,702. STaAKFOiii) CoKNKKS, p-o., .StrafFord co., N. II. Strait Crkiok, jj-o., Urowii co., O., Ill s. w. by s. Columbus, 470 W. STitAiT'.s Lakk, j)-o., Oakland co., Mich., 33 N. w. Detroit, 5.57 Vv. S'i'iiAiTsvii.i.E, p-o., New Haven co,, Ct., 50 s. Hartford, 314 W. Strasdijiu;, p-t., Lancaster co., Pa,, 46 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 120 VV. The surface is rolling and hilly ; soil, calcareous loam. l\^c(juea cr. runs on ils N. and w. boundary, and aflijnls water power. Drained by Little IJeaver cr. The v. is M m. v.. Lancaster, and contains 1 church, an academy, stores, and about 1 15 dwellings. The t. has 10 stores, cap. $0J.OOi); 4 taiuK^ries, 8 distilleries, 10 flouring m., 8 grist rn., saw m. Cap, in manu- fac $i 1 1,800. 8 sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 4,155. S raAsiiiiR(;, p-v., Shenandoah co., Va,, 153 n. w. Richmond, 'J2 W. Situated on the n. branch of Shenaiid(jah r., and coiitaius 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, I Lutheran, and 1 free lo all de- nominations — 1 stores, I stoneware fac, numer- ous mechanic shops, and about 500 inhabilants, who are chiefly Germans. Stra.shuru, p-v,, Wayne t., Tuscarawas co., ()., 115 K. N. J... Columbus, 32! W. Stra'I'i'ord, p-t., Coos CO., N. H,, 110 n. Con- cord, 577 VV. Connecticut r. bounds it on the w., along which is fertile intervals. Drained by liog brook, and other small streams flowing into Connecticut r., and Nash's stream, a branch of IJ|)ner Ammonoosuc r. The surface is un(!veii and rough; soil, gravelly and cold. It has 1 grist m., 3 saw m. < ap, in manufac. $2,200. 7 sch. 20a scholars. Pop. 411. Stratkord, p-t., ['airfield eo., Cl», 50 s. w. Hartford, 2S7 VV. The surface is generally level ; soil, fertile, particularly on the Ilousatonic river, which bounds it on the k. The v. is pleasantly situated at the mouth of the Ilousatonic, chiefly on 1 street a mile long, parallel to the riv<^r, and (contains 5 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Episco- |)al, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 IJniversalist — an academy, and about 200 dwellings, many of Ihein neat, and ornamented with sliade trees. The Episcopal church w;is founded in 1723, and is the oldest (jf the (h^nomination in the stale, it has 12 stores, cap. $23,700 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $2,500; 1 tannery, 1 fl(juring m., 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in maimfac. $18,000. 1 acad. 30 stu- dents, 9 sch. 323 scholars. Pop. 1,808. Stratford, t., Eulttm co., N. V., 15 n. vv. .Johnstown, Oi) n. w. Albany. The surface is hilly and niountainous ; soil, indifrerent, but adapted lo grazing. Drained by East Canadu cr. and its tributaries. It has 1 store, cap. .$.'J,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist ni., 12 saw m. (Jap. in manu- fac. $18,180. 3 sch. 109 scholars. Pop. .500. Stratiiam, p-l., Rockingham co., N. II,, 41 s. E. by K. (Joncord, 484 W. The surface is level ; soil, generally fertile. It contains a peat swamp in its E. part. Exeter r. runs on its w. bonier, and is navigable. In(xjrporat, potatoes 21,340; 232 houses in foreign trade, cap. §1 1,oiMe sheet of water, from which flows a branch of Sugar cr. Sugar Loae, p-v., (ioshen and Warwick ts., (Grange co., N. Y., 105 s. ,s. w. Albany, 374 W. It has 1 church, 3 slores, 25 dwellings, and about 140 inhabitants. Sugar LoaI'', p-t., (Columbia co.. Pa., 112 n. n. E. Ilarrisburg, 221 W. The surface is diversi- fied, in the n. mountainous ; soil, sand and grav- el. Drained by Fishing cr. and its tributaries. It has 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 8 saw m. (Jap. in manufac. $20,000. 3 sch, 80 scholars. Pop. 937. Sugar 1,,oa1'', t., Luzerne co.. Pa. The surface is mountainous ; soil, in the valleys, fertile. Drained by Nescopeck and Black creeks. It i.s named from a conical mountain in the vicinity, of the saint! name. It has stores, cap. $15,.500; 1 tannery, 4 flouring m., 8 saw m. Cap, in man- ufac. $18,000. sch. 280 scholars. Pop. 1,306. ". It has 2 grist m. Pop. 140. StJGAR LoAi', t., Carroll co.. Ark. Sugar Loai', t., Marion co., Ark. It has 1 tannery, 2 distilleries. Pop. 143. Sugar Run, j) o., Sullivan co., la. SuGARTowN, |)-v., Chester co.. Pa., 79 e. s. e. Ilarrisburg, 124 W. Sugar 'Pree, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 183 w. s. w. Richmond, 2(')6 W. Sugar Thee Rii)<;e, p o.. Highland co., O., 86 8. w. (Jolumbus, 453 W. Sugar Vaeekv, p-o., Clinton co., Pa. Sugar Vai.i.ev, po., Preble co., O., 100 w. by .s. Columbus, 493 W. Suggs Bhii>ge, [i-o., Montgomery co., N. C, 97 w. s. w. Raleigh, 371 W. Suggsvili.e, p-v., ('larke co., Ala., 152 s. Tus- caloosa, 944 W. Situated on E. side of Bassets cr., a branch of Tombigbce r., and contains about 150 inhabitants. Sui,i,iVA.\, county, .\. II. Situated in the w. toward the s. part of the stale, and contains 530 sq. ras. ("otmeclicul r. runs on its w. border Surface elevated but not mountainous ; soil near SUL 642 SUM the streams rich. Watered by Sugar r. and its branches. Snnapee lake lies on its E. border. Organized in 1827. Capital, Newport. There were in 1840, neat cattle 22,828, sheep 88,296, swine 10,917 ; wheat 20,572 bush, produced, rye 29,033, Ind. corn 7C,,68G, buckwheat 16,31)4, hur- ley 9,086, oats 156,438, potatoes 505,376, sugar 142,541 pounds; 44 stores, cap. $190,300; 1 fur- nace, 11 fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 350 sp., 18 tanneries, 27 grist m., 80 saw m., 2 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 2 weekly newspa- pers. Cap. in manufac. $31,096. 2 acad. 376 students, 97 sch. 7,053 scholars. Pop. 20,340. Sullivan, county, N. Y. Situated in the s. E. part of the stale, and contains 919 sq. ms. Demware r. runs on its s. w. border. Drained by Neversink and Mongoup rivers, branches of the Delaware. The surface is hilly and moun- tainous. The soil is various, fertile in the val- leys, and in the elevated parts adapted to graz- ing. The Delaware and Hudson canal and the New York and Erie railroad passes through it. Lead ore is found near Wartzboro, on the line of the Delaware and Hudson canal. Capital, Mon- liceilo. There were in 1840, neat cattle 18,057, sheep 19,476, swine 10,047 ; wheat 8,793 bush, produced, rye 66,090, Ind. corn 50,425, buckwheat 51,942, oats 126,232, potatoes 236,335, sugar 45,359 pounds ; 65 stores, cap. $152,910 ; 10 lum- ber yards, cap. $4,960; 1 furnace; 4 smelting houses produced 100,000 pounds of lead ; 3 full- ing m., 19 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 29 grist m., 174 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $669,009. 1 acad. 36 students, 101 sch. 3,894 scholars. Pop. 15,629. Sullivan, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. E. part of the state, and contains 520 sq. ms. Drained by Holston r. and its brandies. The surface is mountainous. Capital, Blountville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,368, sheep 14,057, swine 41,087; wheat 99,061 bush, pro- duced, rye 5,662, Ind. com 390,025, barley 1,272, oats 179,896, potatoes 23,016, tobacco 5,360 lbs. ; 13 stores, cap. $71,250; 1 furnace, 4 forges, 1 cotton fac. 512 sp., 8 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 powder m., 18 (louring m., 6 grist m., 21 saw m., 1 paper fac. Cap. in manufac. $66,53/. 3 acad. 120 students, 23 sch. 700 scholars. Pop. whites 9,504, slaves 1,037, free col'd 195 ; total, 10,736. Sullivan, county, la. Situated in the w., toward the s. part of the state, and contains 430 sq. ms. Bounded w. by Wabash r. Drained by Busseron, Furman's, and Turtle creeks. Cap- ital, Benton. Tliere were in 1840, neat cattle 12,442, sheep 11,836, swine 33,915 ; wheat 44,458 bush, produced, rye 2,614, Ind. corn 538,543, oats 86,700, potatoes 17,907, tobacco 20,446 pounds, sugar 85,625; 15 stores, cap. $50,900; 4 tanner- ies, 4 distilleries, 1 pottery, 23 grist m., 22 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $93,860. 1 acad. 45 stu- dents, 20 sch. 620 scliolars. Pop. 8,315. Sullivan, p-t., Hancock co.. Me., 101 e. Au- gusta, 633 W. It has Frenchman's and Taunton bay on the s. w. A bridge, 1,400 feet long, crosses Taunton bay to Hancock. The outlet of a considerable pond in its n. e. part Hows into Frenchman's bay. It is well situated for navi- gation, and has some ship building. It has 4 stores, cap. .$3,100; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $37,900. 7 sch. 175 sch. Pop. 649. Sullivan, t., Cheshire co., N. H., 52 w. s. w. Concord, 410 W. A branch of Ashuelot r. runs on its s. E. border. Incorporated in 1787. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,220. 8 sch. 159 scholars. Pop. 496. Sullivan, p-t., Madison co., N. Y., 122 w. by N. Albany, 315 W. The surface is level n., un- dulating s. ; soil, generally fertile. Drained by Canaseraga and Chittenango creeks, flowing into Oneida lake, which bounds it on the n. Tlie v. is situated on Canaseraga cr. Incorporated in 1823, and contains 1 Free church, 1 store, 1 grist m., 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. There are in the t. 16 stores, cap. $58,700; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspa- per, 1 llouring m., 4 grist m., 18 saw m., 1 oil m. C^ap. in manufac. $109,300. 1 acad. 40 students, 22 sch. 1,245 scholars. Pop. 4,390. Sullivan, p-t., Tioga co.. Pa., 146 n. by w. Harrisburg, 256 W. The surface is hilly; soil, gravelly, and well timbered. Drained by head branches of Tioga r. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,350. 1 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 1,378. Sullivan, p-t., Lorain co., O., 91 n. n. e. Co- lumbus, 386 W. Watered by branches of Black r. The soil is generally fertile. The v., at the centre, contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 steam saw and grist m., about 20 dwellings, and 120 inhab- itants. Tlie t. has I sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 781. Sulphur Hill, p-o., Shelby co., la., 67 s. E. Indianapolis, 570 W. Sulphur Springs, p-o., Buncombe co., N. C, Ah w. Ashville, 260 w. Raleigh, 490 W. It is a celebrated watering place. Sulphur Springs, po., Rhea co., Tenn., 144 E. s. E. Nashville, 563 W. Sulphur Springs, p-o., JefTerson co.. Mo., 151 E. by s. JefTer-son City, 831 W. Sulphur Spring, t.. Hot Springs co., Ark. It has 1 grist m. Pop. 334. SuM.-vi EH FIELD, p-v., Guilford CO., N. C, 99 w. N. w. Raleigh, 294 W. SuMMKRFiELD, p-v., Stcwart CO., Ga., 145 s. w. Milledgeville, 801 W. SuMMERFiELD, p-0., Seneca t., Monroe co., O., 112 E. Columbus, 325 W. It contains 1 church, 1 store, 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. SuMMERFiELD, p-t., Monroe CO., Mich., 60 s. w. Detroit, .500 W. Watered by Raisin r. The V. is situated on the r., 16 ms. from Lake Erie, and contains a saw m. and several dwellings. There are in the t. 1 saw m., 3 sch. 70 scholars Pop. 395. SuMMERFiELD, p-0., Madison CO., O. Summer Grove, p-o., Caddo par.. La. SuMMKR Hill, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 24 s E. Auburn, 149 w. Albany, 325 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay loam, moderately fertile. Drained by head branches of Fall cr. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000; 1 tannery, 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,942. 7 sch. 354 scholars. Pop. 1,446. Summer Hill, t, Crawford co., Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,300; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,230. Pop. 1,638. SuM.MER Hill, p-v., Cambria co.. Pa., 150 w. by N. Harrisburg, 187 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in mainifac. $1,875. 4 sch. 180 scholars. Pop. 1,005. SuMMERSviLLE, p-o., JefTerson CO., Pa., 171 n. w. Harrisburg, 260 W. SuMMERviLLE, p-v., Charleston dist., S. C. SuMMERsviLLE, p-v., capital of Nicholas co., Va., 268 s. vv. by w. Richmond, 310 W. Sit- uated on a branch of Gauley r., and contains a court house, jail, clerk's office, 2 stores, 20 dwell- ings, and about 125 inhabitants. SUM 643 SUN SuMMERviLLE, p-v., Capital of Chatooga co., Ga., 181 N. w. Milledgeville, 653 W. Situated on the w. side of Challooga r., a branch of Coosa r. It contains a court house, jail, and about 175 inhabitants. SuMMERviLLE,p-v., Cass CO., Mich., 177 w. by s. Detroit, 629 W. Situated on Dowagiake r., and contains 1 store and 1 saw m. SuMMERSviLLE, p-v., Grcene co., Ky., 5 n. w. Greensburg, 95 s. s. w. Frankfort, 629 W. SuM.MiT, county, O. Situated toward the n E. part of the state, and contains 422 sq. ms The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, gener- ally fertile. Drained by Cuyahoga r. and Little Cuyahoga r., which afford extensive water power, and the head waters of Tuscarawas r. Tlie Ohio canal passes through its centre from n. to s., and affords great conveniences for transportation. Capital, Akron. There were in 1840, neat cattle 21,762, sheep 41,054, swine 25,501 ; wheal 3 17,462 bush, produced, rye 23,070, Ind. corn 209,600, buckwheat 9,054, barley 5,475, oats 183,463, po- tatoes 157,455, sugar 107,993 pounds ; 6 commis- sion houses, cap. $39,500 ; 83 stores, capital $239,194; 6 furnaces, 1 forge, 19 fulhng m., 11 woollen fac, 16 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 1 brew- ery, 1 powder m., 5 potteries, 8 flouring m., 26 grist m., 59 saw m., 2 oil ni., 2 paper fac, 4 print- ing offices, 1 bindery, 5 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manafac. $543,019. 1 college, 112 stu- dents, 6 acud. 217 students, 114 sch. 3,860 scho- lars. Pop. 22,560. Su.MMiT, p-t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 16 s. w. Schoharie, 52 w. Albany, 378 W. The surface is elevated and hilly ; soil, sandy loam, well adapted to grat-s. Drained by Cliarlotte r., and by tributaries of Schoharie cr. It has 4 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 2 fulling ra., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 18 sch. 892 scholars. Pop. 2,010. Summit, p-v., Washington t., Cambria co.. Pa., 129 w. by N. Harrisburg, 172 W. Situated on a head branch of Kiskiminetas r., and contains about 200 inhabitants. Summit, p-o., Northampton co., N. C. Summit, p-o., Shelby co., O., 90 w. n. w. Co- lumbus, 484 W. Summit, p-o., Oakland co., Mich., 34 n. w. Detroit, 540 W. Summit, p-t., Milwaukie co.. Wis., 50 e. by s. Madison, 835 W. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500; 1 frist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,050. op. 335. Summit, p-v., Cook co.. 111., 191 n. e. Spring- field, 730 W. Situated at the " Point of Oaks^" on the canal, 13 ms. s. w. from Chicago. Summit Bridge, p-v., Newcastle co., Del., 41 N. Dover, 117 W. It contains about 75 inhabi- tants. Summit Hill, p-v., Northampton co., Pa., 84 N. E. by E. Harrisburg, 194 W. Summit Point, p-o., Jefferson co., Va., 161 N. by w. Richmond, 71 W. SuM.MiTSviLLE, p-v., WayHc CO., Pa., 185 n. e. Harrisburg, 279 W. Su.MMU.M, p-o., Fulton CO., III., 67 n. \v. Spring- field, 845 W. Sumner, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 640 sq. ms. Cum- berland r. runs on its s. border, by branches of whicli it is drained, and by branches of Big Bar- ren r. The surface is rolling ; soil, very fertile. Capital, Gallatin. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 18,865, sheep 23,801, swine 71,356; wheat 124,482 bush, produced, rye 12,780. Ind. corn 1,800,955, oats 498,248, potatoes 351,083 ; tobacco 2,615,100 pounds, cotton 161,379, sugar 1,500; 30 stores, cap. $273,850 ; 9 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 1 brewery, 62 grist m., 27 saw m., 2 printing of- fices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $259,735. 5 acad. 336 s'.udents, 15 sch. 473 scholars. Pop. whites 14,89), slaves 7,286, free cord268; total, 22,445. Sumner, p-t., Oxford co. Me., 8 n. Paris, 40 w. Augusta, 606 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Incorporated in 1798. Drained by branches of Androscoggin r. It has a pond in its w. part, (lowing into one of these branches. It has 8 tan- neries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,440. 9 sch. 48 scholars. Pop. 1,269. Su.mneytown, p-v., 3Iontgumery co., Pa., 20 N. E. Norristown, 182 e. Harrisburg, 173 W. Situated on the line of Upper Salford and Marl- borough townships, and contains 2 stores, and about 15 dwellings. There are 3 powder m. in the vicinity. Sumpter, district, S. C. Situated a little s. E. of the centre of the slate, and contains 1,240 sq. ms. Sanlee r. runs on its w. border, and Lynch's cr. on its .\. e. boundary. Drained by Black r. and its branches, and by branches of Santee r. Capital, Sumpierville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 32,961, sheep 8,655, swine 47,260; wheat 7,125 bush, produced, rye 1,533, Ind. corn 631,977, oats 54,231), potatoes 263,711, rice 36s,505 pounds, cotton 2,298,712 ; 35 stores, cap. $66,500; 5 tanneries, 50 grist m., 30 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $143,295. 7 acad. 145 students, 40 sch. 693 scholars. Pop. whites 8,644, slaves 18,875, free cord373; total, 27,892. Su.MPTER, county, Ala. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 1,209 sq. ms. Bounded on the n. e. and e. by Tombigbee r., by the w. fork of which, and smaller branches, it is drained. It has 3 acad. 159 students, 16 sch. 332 scholars. Pop. 29,937. Capital, Livingston. SuMPTER, county, Ga. Situated toward the s. w. part of the state, and contains 675 sq. ms. Flint r. bounds it on the e., by branches of which it is drained. Capital, Americus. There were in 1810, neat cattle 19,218, sheep 2,.352, swine 23,472 ; wheat 10,864 bush, produced, rye 1,800, Ind. corn 231,870, oats 6,240, potatoes 23,400, tobacco 740 pounds, cotton 930,000 ; 13 stores, cap. $24,000 ; 1 distillery, 7 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,509. 8 sch. 234 scholars. Pop. whites 4,115, slaves 1,643, free col'd 1; total, 5,759. Sumpter, t., Wayne co., Mich. Drained by Huron r. It has 2 sch. 58 scholars. Pop. 193. Sumpterville, p-v., capital of Sumpterville dist., S. C, 63 E. Columbia, 499 W. Situated between the branches of Black r., and contains a court house, jail, 3 churches, 10 stores, and about 400 inhabitants. Su.mpterville, p-v., Lee co., Ga. Sumpterville, p-v., Sumpter co., Ala., 64 s. w. Tuscaloosa, 8-!2 W. Situated on w. side of Tombigbee r., and contains several large ware- houses, and about 300 inhabitants. Sunapee, lake, Sullivan and 3Ierrimac cos., N. H., is 9 ms. long, and about 1 and a half wide. The surface is elevated 820 feet above the level of Connecticut and Merrimac rivers. Its outlet flows into Sugar r. SuNBURV, p-b., Augusta t., capital of Northum- berland CO., Pa., 53 N. by e. Harrisburg, 163 W. Beautifully situated on the e. side of Susque- hanna r., 2 ms. below the confluence of the n. and w. branches, at Northumberland, below the Shamokin dam, which is 2,783 feet long, erected for the passage of the Pennsylvania canal. It contains a court house and county offices of brick, a jail of stone, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 SUN 644 SUR German Reformed, and 1 Melhodist — 15 stores, and about 300 dwellings. A mile above the t., a bridge was erected in 1814, across the n. branch of the Susq\iehanna, connecting the t. with Nor- thumberland. It is in 2 parts, crossing Shamokin island, and cost $90,000. It is 1,825 feet long, 32 feet wide, 41 feet above ordinary water in the r., resting on 8 stone piers. The arches are of ■wood, protected by a roof. It has 9 stores, cap. $23,900 ; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $20,760. 4 sch. 257 scholars. Pop. 1,108. SuNDURY, p-v.. Gates co., N. C, 224 e. n. e. Raleigh, 243 W. It contains about 75 inhabi- tants. SuxnuRY, p-v., Berkshire t., Delaware co., O., 25 N. Columbus, 395 W. It has 2 stores, several mechanic shops, and a number of dwellings. SuNBURY, t., Monroe co., O. It has 5 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 1,157. SuNiiURV, p-v., Livingston co., 111., 121 n. e. Springfield, 743 W. SoNcuRV, p-v., port of entry. Liberty co., Ga., 40 s. by w. Savannah, 212 s. s. E. Milledgeville, 702 VV. Situated on the s. side of Medway r., at the head of St. Catharine's sound. It contains an academy, 1 Baptist church, 2 or 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 200 iniiabitants. It has an elevated sandy situation, and was built in 1758 ; and for several years was a formidable rival of Savannah, but its prosperity was broken by the revolutionary war. It is resorted to for health during the sickly season. SuNCOOK, r., N. H., rises in a pond near the top of one of the Suncook mountains, 900 feet above tidewater, and passing through several ponds, and receiving tributaries from others, it enters the Merriraac r., between AUenstown and Pembroke. SuNcooK, p-o., Merrimac co., N. H., 7 E. Con- cord, 478 W. Sunday Creek Cross Ro.^ds, p-o., Perry co., O., 62 E. by s. Columbus, 361 W. Sonderl.4nd, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., 15 n. E. Bennington, 98 s. s. w. Montpelier, 425 W. The surface is uneven, with fine alluvial flats ; soil, alluvion, loam, and marl. Drained by Bat- tenkill r., and by Roaring brook, which issues from ponds in the e. part, and affords water power. Chartered in 1761 ; first settled in 1765, organized in 1769. It contains a Congregational and a Methodist church. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,250. 4 sch. 136 scholars. Pop. 43-i. Sunderland, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 9 s. by K. Greenfield, 80 w. Boston, 392 W. Connecti- cut r. bounds it on the w., on which are fine allu- vial meadows, but in other parts the surface is moimtainous. The central v. is built chiefly on one street, three fourths of a m. long, parallel with the r., and contains a Congregational church, and about 50 dwellings, many of them handsome. A bridge here crosses Connecticut r., 858 feet long, built in 1832, at an expense of $20,000. It contains 2 other small villages. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,602. 6 sch. 436 scholars. Pop. 719. Sunderland, p-v., Calvert co., Md., 37 s. s. w. Annapolis, 67 W. SuNFisu, p-o., Clarington v., Salem t., Mon- roe CO., O., 131 E. Columbus, 281 W. SuNFisH, t., Pike CO., O. It has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 68 scholars. Pop. 318. Sii.NFLowER, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 52 e. s. E. Harrisburg, 116 W. SuNKHAZE, p-o., Penobscot co., Me., 85 e. Au- gusta, 680 W. SuNMAN, p-o., Ripley co., la., 73 s. e. Indiana- polis, 533 W. Sunset, p-o.. Walker co., Ga., 192 n. w. Mil- ledgeville, 677 W. Superior, t., Williams co., O. It has 1 sch. 17 scholars. Pop. 166. Superior, pt., Washtenaw co., Mich., 31 w. Detroit, 523 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,400; 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,300. Pop. 1,393. Superior, lake, the largest in North America, and supposed to be the largest body of fresh wa- ter in the world. It is about 3S0 nis. long and 130 wide, and about 1,200 or 1,500 in circumfer- ence. The boundary line between the United States and Canada passes through its central part. It is surrounded mostly by a rocky and uneven coast, and contains many considerable islands, one of the largest of which, Isle Royal, is about 100 nis. long and 40 ms. broad. It abounds with fish, particularly trout, sturgeon, and white- fish, which are caught at all seasons, and in large quantities. Of these the trout, weighing from 12 to .50 pounds, and the whitefish, weighing often over 20 pounds, are, perhaps, the most important. The storms on this lake are equal to those on the Atlantic ; the waves run as high, and its naviga- tion is as difficult. Its surface is elevated 625 feet above the level of the sea, and its mean depth is 900 feet. Its waters are remarkably clear and transparent. It receives more than 30 rivers, and discharges its waters into Lake Huron, by the straits or r. of St. Mary. The rapids or falls here prevent vessels from passing into it, from Lake Huron. The pictured rocks on its s. shore, to- ward its E. end, are a great curiosity. Tliey form a perpendicular wall, 300 feet high, extend- ing about 12 ms. They have caves which re- ceive the waves with a tremendous roar. At one place a considerable stream is thrown from them into the lake, by a single leap, from the height of 70 feet, and boats can pass dry between it and the rocky shore. At another place 4 rocky pillars support a stratum or entablature of stone, covered with soil, on which trees of spruce and pine grow, some of which are 50 or 60 feet high. This is called the Doric Rock or Arch, and ap- pears like a work of art, though it is the work of nature. Surgeon's Hall, p-o., Alleghany co.. Pa., 201 w. by N. Harrisburg, 228 W. SuRRENCV, p-o., Tatnall co., Ga., 162 s. e Milledgeville, 773 W. Surry, county, Va. Situated toward the s. E. part of the state, and contains 324 square ms, James r. runs on its n. e. border, and Blackwater r. on its s. w., by small branches of which it is drained. Capital, Surry C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,136, sheep 3,676, swine 12,595 ; wheat 9,317 bush, produced, Indian corn 185,040, oais 35,900, potatoes 33,659, tobacco 4,692 pounds, cotton 63,954 ; 12 stores, cap. $17,300 ; 1 cotton fac. 210 sp., 166 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 21 grist m. C'ap. in manufac. $6,850. 8 sch. 186 schol- ars. Pop. whites 2,557, slaves 2,853, free col'd 1,070 ; total, 6,480. Surry, county, N. C. Situated in the n. to- ward the w. part of the state, and contains 726 sq. ms. The surface is mountainous and broken ; soil, fertile. Drained by Yadkin river and its branches. Capital, Rockford. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,609, sheep 12,128, swine 33,168 ; wheat 48,804 bush, produced, rye 20,542, Indian corn 484,976, oats 1 15,018, potatoes 23,866, tobacco 83,070 pounds, cotton 67,228 ; 19 stores, sus 645 SUT cap. $63,600; 10 forges, 1 cotton fac. 400 sp., 15 tanneries, "Zij distilleries, 1 powder m., 3 potter- ies, 52 grist m., 27 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $74,012. 14 schools 335 sctiolars. Pop. whites 13,093, slaves 1,778, free col'd 208; total, 15,079. Surry, p-t., Hancock co.. Me., 83 e. by n. Augusta, 677 W. Bounded by Union r. and bay on the E. It contains several large ponds, and has ine.\haustibie beds of shell marl, by the use of which the fertility of the soil is increased. In- corporated in 1803. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap, in manufae. $4,000. 7 sch. 312 scholars. Pop. 857. SuRRv, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 55 s. w. Con- cord, 441 VV. Watered by Ashuelot r., on the margin of which is a fine intervale. The surface is in some parts uneven. On the summit of a mountain is a pond of 3 acres, 25 feet deep. In- corporated in 1769 ; first settled in 1764. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $3,427. 6 sch. 171 scholars. Pop. 481. Surry, C. H., p-v., capital of Surry co., Va., 55 s. E. Richmond, 178 W. It contains a court house, jail, 2 stores, an arsenal, and about 50 in- habitants. Susquehanna, r., the largest river in Pa., and one of the largest in the U. S., is formed by 2 main branches, the Eastern and the Western. The Eastern branch rises in Otsego co., N. Y., and one of its sources in Otsego lake. It receives the Chenango, a considerable river from the n., at Binghamton, and proceeding w. and turning s., it crosses into Pa., soon after which it is joined by the Western branch, called the Tioga or Che- mung river, 3 ms. below the Pennsylvania line. It then flows s. e., and then s. w., until it re- ceives the Weslern branch, its largest tributary, at Northumberland, after which its course is first s., 40 ms., until it receives the Juniata from the w., and then s. e. until it falls into the Chesa- peake bay, near the n. e. corner of Maryland. It IS navigable for sloops 5 miles from its mouth to Port Deposit, at the head of the tide. Above that, for nearly 50 miles, tlie river is obstructed by a continued succession of rapids, which ren- der navigation in boats up the s'ream impossible ; but in high water, a vast amount of lumber and produce comes down the river, in rafts, arks, &c. in the upper parts of the river the obstructions to boat navigation are not great, and might be easily overcome. The importance of a river depends much upon its capacity for navigation. In this view, the Susquehanna has less importance than many others in the U. S., which drain a less extent of surface, and carry a less volume of water. It is a mile and a quarter wide at its entrance into Chesapeake bay. Canals are ex- tensively constructed along its banks, for which it affords great facilities. Its whole length is about 450 miles. SusauEHANNA, county, Pa. Situated in the N. E. part of the state, and contains 875 sq. miles. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, fertile. Su.squehanna r. passes into the n. part of the CO., and returns into N. Y. Drained by branches of Susquehanna r. Capital, Montrose. There were in 1840, neat cattle 29,275, sheep 72,157, swine 16,840; wheat 60,828 bush, produced, rye 17,382, Ind. corn 83,659, buckwheat 44,222, bar- ley 1,830, oats 237,185, potatoes 362,218, sugar 252,137 pounds ; 53 stores, cap. $227,600 ; 8 full- ing m., 3 woollen fac, 18 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 1 bindery, 1 week- ly newspaper, 24 grist m., 90 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufae $174,705. 5 acad. 104 students, 173 sch. 5,074 scholars. Pop. 21,195. Susquehanna, p o., Colesville t., Broome co., N. Y., 122 w. s. w. Albany, 304 W. Susquehanna, t., Dauphin co.. Pa. The sur- face generally is moderately uneven ; soil, allu- vion and gravel. Blue mountain crosses its n. part. Watered by Paxton cr. Harrisburg lies partly in this t. It has 1 store, cap. $300 ; 1 full- ing m., 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $1,750. 2 schools 33 scholars. Pop. 1,452. Susquehanna, t., Lycoming co.. Pa. It has 3 saw m. Cap. in m'anufac. $1,200. 1 school 40 scholars. Pop. 271. Susquehanna, t., Cambria co.. Pa. The sur- face is rolling ; soil, clay and loam. It has 4 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $900. 3 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 361. Sussex, county, N. J. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 415 sq. ms. The sur- face is hilly and mountainous ; soil, well adapted to grazing. Drained by Wallkill, Pequannock, Pequest, and Paulenskill crs. Hopatcong pond, which supplies the .summit level of Morris canal, lies on its s. e. border. Capital, Newton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 26,346, sheep 23,983, swine 30,236 ; wheat 64,400 bush, produced, rye 228,316, Indian corn 319,618, buckwheat 147,067, oats 217,196, potatoes 201,090; 56 stores, capital $253,220 ; 4 lumber yards, cap. $3,770 ; 5 furnaces, 13 forges, 5 fulling m., 15 tanneries, 24 distiller- ies, 47 grist m., 57 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufae $416,825. 5 acad. 172 students, 121 schools 3,369 scholars. Pop. 21,770. Sussex, comity, Del. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 860 sq. ms. The sur- face is level, and partly marshy. It is bounded E. by Delaware bay and the Atlantic. Drained by Nanticoke r. and its branches, and by Marshy Hope r., which flow into Chesapeake bay, and by Indian r., and Mispillion, Jones, and other small creeks, flowing into Delaware bay. Capi- tal, Georgetown. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 18,956, sheep 17,996, swine 33,054; wheat .38,099 bushels produced, rye 8,644, Indian corn 872,817, potatoes 48,189; 111 stores, capital $252,560 ; 10 tanneries, 2 printing offices, 54 grist m., 78 saw m. Capital in manufae. $98,455. 6 acad. $220 students, 46 sch. 1,309 scholars. Pop 25,093. Sussex, county, Va. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 465 sq. miles. Drained by Nottoway r. and its branches. Capital, Sus- sex C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,831, sheep 8,030, swine 23,957; wheat 18,777 bushels produced, Ind. corn 404,793, oats 103,916, tobac- co 175,672 pounds, cotton 477,043 ; 18 stores, cap. $36,253 ; 1 tannery, 21 grist m. Cap. in manu- fae. $6,300. 7 acad. 165 students, 10 schools 198 scholars. Pop. whites 3,584, slaves 6,384, free col'd 811; total, 11,229. Sussex, C. IL, p-v., capital of Sussex co., Va., 48 s. s. e. Richmond, 167 W. It contains a court house and jail, and about 75 inhabitants. vSuTTON, p-t., Merrimac co., N. II., 26 w. n. w. Concord, 48i) W. The surface is uneven and rough. Kearsarge mountain lies on its E. bor- der. Soil, various, and fertile on the streams. Drained by branches of Warner r., which afford water power. Chartered in 1749 ; first settled in 1767. It has 4 stores, cap. $8,700; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Capital in manufae $7,300. 13 sch. 337 scholars. Pop. 1,362. Sutton, p-t., Caledonia co., Vt., 53 n. n. e. Montpelier, 564 W. The surface is level, and some of it so low and wet as to be incapable of cultivation. Watered by branches of Pasumpsic SWA 646 SWE r. A pond in the n. w. corner covers 200 acres, and flows n. into Barton r. It has 2 stores, cap $7,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, I grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,400. 11 sch. 379 schol ars. Pop. 1,068. Sutton, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 46 w. by s. Boston, 400 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, productive. Watered by Blackstone r., along which passes Blackstone canal, in its n. part Soapstone and granite are found. It contains 5 churches — 2 Congregational, 2 Baptist, and 1 Episcopal. It has 6 stores, cap. $10,800; 1 full- ing m., I woollen fac, 4 cotton fac. 6,928 sp., 12 sell. 762 scholars. Pop. 2,370. Sutton, t., Meigs co., O. It has 6 schools 253 scholars. Pop. 1,099. Suwannee, r., Fl., rises in Okefinokee swamp, in Ga., and receives the Allapaiiavv from the n., and the Witlilacoochee from the n. w., and flows into tlie Gulf of Mexico. Its bed is rocky, and it empties its waters into the Gulf of Mexico through numerous shallow channels. The bar at its mouth has not more than 5 feet water, but above that it has 15 feet for 55 miles. The banks in some places are 100 feet high, perpendicular, and of beautiful granite rock. Suwannee, p-o., Gwinnett co., Ga., 90 n. w. Milledgeville, 654 W. SwAiNSBORo', p-v., capital of Emanuel co., Ga., 98 N. w. Savannah, 96 s. e. by e. 3Iilledgeville, 668 W. Situated near Cannouchee r. It contains a court house, jail, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Swan, p-o., Chester co., Pa., 57 e. s. e. Harris- burg, 117 W. Swan Creek, t, Lucas co., O. It has 4 sch. 168 scholars. Pop. 494. Swan, t., Hocking co., O. It has 2 schools 39 scholars. Pop. 759. Swan, p-t., Noble co., la., 156 n. n. e. Indian- apolis, 573 W. Pop. 207. Swan, p-t., Taney co., Mo. Pop, 669. Swan Creek, p-o., Gallia co., O., 27 s. s. e. Columbus, 385 W. Swan Creek, p-o., Warren co., 111., 102 n. w. Springfield, 868 W. Swangstown, p-v., Cleveland co., N. C, 197 w. by s. Raleigh, 434 W. SwANNANO, p-o., Buncombe co., N. C, 244 w. Raleigh, 474 W. Swan Quarter, p-o., Hyde co., N. C, 203 e. by s. Raleigh, 400 W. Swansborough, p-v., Onslow co., N. C, 160 s. E. Raleigh, 400 W. Situated on the w. side of the estuary of Whittock r., opposite to Bogue inlet, and contains about 50 inhabitants. Swan's Island, t., Hancock co., Me. It has 1 grist m., 2 sch. 134 scholars. Pop. 283. SwANTON, p-t., Franklin co., Vt., 71 n. w. Montpelier, 545 W. Bounded w. by Lake Cham- plain. Watered by Missisque r., on which are fine intervales. Six miles from its mouth is a fine fall of 20 feet, afl!brding extensive water power. Excellent variegated marble is found here, and extensively exported. The quarry covers over 300 acres, and extends to an unknown depth. It is generally obtained from 2 to 8 feet below the surface, and conveyed half a mile to the falls to be sawed. The v. at the falls contains a church, several stores, various mills, and about 80 dwell- ings. Canal boats come up the r. 6 miles to the place. It is only one mile from the lake at the nearest point. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $8,920 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,800. 16 sch. 945 scholars. Pop. 2,312. SwANTON, p-v., Lucas CO., O., 139 n. w. by N. Columbus, 470 W. SwANTON Centre, p-o., Swanton t., Frunklai CO., Vt., 67 N. Montpelier, 511 W. Swanville, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 50 e. by n. Augusta, 644 W. The surface is diversified ; soil, fertile. Drained by a small stream rising in a pond in its n. part, and flowing into Belfast bay. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. 8 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 919. Swanzey, p-t., Bristol co., Mass., 48 s. by w. Boston, 414 W. An arm of Mount Hope bay sets up into the t., on which stands a small v., containing 1 church and about 12 or 14 dwell- ings, and it has some navigation and ship build- ing. The t. contains 3 Baptist churches. Incor- porated in 1667. King Philip's Indian war com- menced in this t. June 20th, 1675. It has 9 stores, cap. $18,400 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 tanneries, 2 paper fac. Capital in manufac. $44,750. 7 sch. 137 scholars. Pop. 1,484. Swanzey, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 53 s. w. Concord, 429 W. The surface is partly level and partly uneven ; soil, various. Watered by Ashuelot r., which is navigable for boats to Keene, N. of this place, excepting a short carrying place around rapids in Winchester. Iron ore is found. Chartered by Mass. in 1733, by N. H. in 1753. It has 4 stores, cap. $7,000; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- len foe, 1 cotton fac. 630 sp., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $.55,835. 12 sch. 577 scholars. Pop. 1.755. SwATARA, river. Pa., rises in Schuylkill co., on the s. side of Broad mountain, and after a course of about 50 ms., flows into Susquehanna r., 8 miles below Harrisburg The Union canal passes along this r. SwATARA, t., Lebanon co.. Pa., 9 n. Lancaster. The surface is hilly n. and s., level in the cen- tre ; soil, gravelly. Drained by Swatara cr. and its branches. It has 6 stores, capital $16,800; 2 lumber yards, cap. $5,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanner- ies, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Capital in manufac. $18,635. 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 1,506. Sweden, p-t, Oxford co.. Me., 59 w. s. w. Au- gusta, 582 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has a considerable pond, the outlet of which affords water power, and flows into Long pond, which is connected to Portland by a canal. It has 7 sch. 163 scholars. Pop. 670. Sweden, p-t,, Monroe co., N. Y., 237 w. by n. Albany, 336 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, moist, argillaceous loam, and fertile. Drained by Salmon cr. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 2 saw m., 10 sch. 604 scholars. Pop. 1,884. Sweden, p-b.. Potter co.. Pa., 171 n. n. w. Har- risburg, 281 W. It mostly remains in a wild and uncultivated state. Pop. 153. SvvEEDSBORouGH, p-v., Woolwicli t., Glouces- ter CO., N. J., 47 s. s. vv. Trenton, 158 W. Situ- ated at the head of sloop navigation on Racoon cr., about 5 miles from its mouth, and contains 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist church, an academy, 4 stores, 1 flouring m., and about 100 dwellings. Sweet Gum Tree, p-o., Elbert co., Ga., 102 N. N. E. Milledgeville, 574 W. Sweet Home, p-o., Mecklenberg co., N. C, 190 w. s. w. Raleigh, 427 W. Sweet Ho.me, p-o., Washington co.. Ark., 86 N. w. Little Rock, 1,195 W. Sweet Springs, p-v., Monroe co., Va., 209 w. Richmond, 256 W. This is one of the oldest watering places in Virginia. The water resem- bles the Bristol Hot Wells, England. It has acr commodations for 300 persons, and the waters are eflicacious in many complaints. The spring is so copious as to turn a mill at the distance ot 200 yards from its source. TAG 647 TAL Sweet Water, p-o., Gwinnett co., Ga., 90 n. w. MilledgeviUe, GSl W. Sweet Water, p-o., St. Tammany par., La., 58 N. New Orleans, 1,160 W. Sweet Water, p-o., Monroe co., Tenn., 165 E. s. e. Nashville, 538 W. Swift Creek, p-o., Hamilton co., Flor. Swift Creek Bridge, p-o., Craven co., N. C, 137 E. s. E. Raleigh, 331 W. Switzerland, county, la. Situated in the s. E. part of the slate, and contains 216 square ms. Bounded e. and s. by Ohio r. Drained by Log Lick, Indian, Plum, Brian's, and Grant's creeks, which flow into Ohio r. The surface is various, the bottom lands level and very fertile, the table land rolling. The vine is cultivated. Capital, Vevay. There were in 1810, neat cattle 6,737, sheep 9,672, swine 11,251; wheat 76,839 bushels produced, Ind. corn 262,3S5, oats 79,531, [lotatoes 35,375, tobacco 55,167 pounds, sugar 3,148; 29 stores, cap. $47,450 ; 5 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 8 grist m., 15 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $10,751. 22 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 9,920. Switzerland, t., Monroe co., O. It has 3 sch. 122 scholars. Pop. 982. Sycamore, p-t., Crawford co., O., 75 n. Co- lumbus, 423 W. It has 8 sch. 508 scholars. Pop. 960. Svcamore, t., Hamilton co., O. Watered by Mill creek and its branches. It has several vil- lages. Pop. 3,207 Svcamore, p-o., Putnam co., O. Sycamore, p-o., Claiborne co., Tenn., 226 e. by N. Nashville, 463 W. Sycamore, p-o., De Kalb co., 111., 208 n. n. e. Springfield, 779 W. Sycamore Alley, p-o., Halifax co., N. C, 85 N. e. Raleigh, 231 W. Sydnorsville, pv., Franklin co., Va., 183 w. by s. Richmond, 25::! W. "Sykesville, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 61 n. n. w. Annapolis, 56 W. Sylacauga, p-o., Talladega Co., Ala., 97 e. Tuscaloosa, 730 W. Sylva, p-o., Washington co.. Ark. Sylvan, p-o., Washtenaw co., Mich., 59 w. Detroit, 517 W. Sylvan Grove, p-o., Jefferson co., Ga., 67 e. Miliedgeville, 6J5 W. Sylvania, po., Bradford co., Pa., 150 n. by E. Harrisburg, 260 W. Sylvania, t., Lucas co., O. It has 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 426. Sylvanus, p-o., Hillsdale co., 3Iich., 97 w. s. w. Detroit, 515 W. Sylvian, p-o , Jackson co., la. Symmes, t., Hamilton co., O. Situated on the w. side of Little Miami r. Organized in 1822. Pop. 1,034. Symmes, t., Lawrence co., O. Symmes creek runs within its e. border, and near the bound- ary. It has 3 sch. 57 scholars. Pop. 472. Syracuse, p-v., Salina t., capital of Onondaga CO., N. Y., 131 w. by n. Albany, 343 W. Situa- ted on the Erie canal, at the junction of the Os- wego canal. Incorporated in 1825, and contains a court house, clerk's office, jail, an academy, 2 banking houses, 6 churches — Presbyterian, Epis- copal, Baptist, Methodist, &c. — 130 stores of dif- ferent kinds, 2 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 plaster m., 3 machine shops, 3 iron foundries, I tannery, 800 dwellings, and 6,5 JO inhabitants. This v. and t. are celebrated lor the great amount of fine salt manufactured from brine springs, which abound here. Coarse sa't is also produced by solar evap- oration. The total amount of salt of all kinds in 1840, was 524,461 bushels. A new spring was discovered in 1810, of great strength, of which 30 gallons of water produced 1 bushel of fine salt. The location of this place, on the line of the western railroad, and at the junction of 2 impor- tant canals, gives it great facilities for trade, and its growth has been rapid. Syracuse, p-v., Kosciusko co., la., 141 n. by e. Indianapolis, 596 W. T. Taberg, p-v., Annsville t., Oneida co., N. Y., 118 w. n. w. Albany, 402 W. Situated on Fish cr., and contains 1 church, 1 store, 2 grist m., several saw m., 1 blast furnace, and from 20 to 25 dwellings. Table Grove, p-o., Fulton co., 111., 71 n. w. Springfield, 819 W. The grove from which it is named, is a beautiiul tract of timber, of from 150 to 200 acres, elevated and commanding a delight- ful prospect. Tabor Church, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 159 w. Raleigh, 372 W. Situated in the w. part of the co. Tacoah, p-o., Gilmer co , Ga., 194 n. n. w. Miliedgeville, 622 W. Tacketts Mill, p-o., Shafford co., Va. Tafton, p-v., Pike co.. Pa., 175 n. e. Harris- burg, 269 W. Taftsville, p-v., Windsor co., Vt., 54 s. Montpelier, 488 W. Taghkanic, p-t., Columbia co., N. Y'., 12 e. Hudson, 41 s. Albany, 317 W. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, clay, loam, and gravel, and very fertile in the valleys. Draineil by Copake cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,.500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,900. 6 sch. 403 scholars. Pop. 1,674. Taghkanic, mts., N. Y.. a range in the e. part of the stale, 50 ms. long, near the slate line, com- mencing in Rensselaer co., and entering Mass., and extending tluough Columbia and Dutchess counties. Its highest summits are in Sheffield, in the s. w. corner of Mass., about 3,000 feet above tidewater. They are a branch of the Green mountains, and divide the waters which flow into Hudson r. from those which enter Long Island sound. Talking Rock, p-o., Gilmer co., Ga., 176 n. w. Miliedgeville, 627 W. Talbot, county, Md. Situated toward the e. part of the stale, on the e. shore of Chesapeake bay, and cimtains 250 sq. ms. Choptank river bounds it on the e. Several bays set up from the Chesapeake, the chief of which are Treadhaven and St. Michaels. Wye r. bounds it on the n. w. Capital, Eastoii. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,85i), sheep 9,640, swine 14,298; wheat 222,822 bush, produced, rye 4,494, Ind. corn 517,239, buckwheat 34, oats 40,151, potatoes 20,224, tobacco 225 ; 1 commission house, cap. $4,000 ; 29 stores, cap. $35,550 ; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 6 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $19,000. 4 acad. 78 studenLs, 21 sch. 370 scholars. Pop. i whites 6,063, slaves 3,637, free col'd 2,340 ; total, 12,090. Talbot, county, Ga. Situated s. e. of the centre of the stale, and contains 40i) square miles. Flint river bounds it on the \. e., by branches of which it is drained. In the w. part some small streams flow to Chattahoochee r. Capital, Talbotton. There were in 1840, TAL 648 TAM neat cattle 15,822, sheep 6,342, swine 46,025 ; wheat 71,743 bush, produced, rye 1,705, Indian corn 671,430, oats 33,S50, potatoes 16,755, cotton 6,772,393 pounds; 31 stores, cap. $199,000; 5 tanperies, 4 flouring m., 38 grist m., 34 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $99,500. 2 acad. 101 students, 17 sch. 610 scholars. Pop. whites 8,861, slaves 6,746, free col'd 20 ; total, 15,627. Talbotton, p-v., capital of Talbot co., Ga., 92 w. s. w. Milledgeville, 726 W. It contains a court house, jail, several stores, 2 churches — 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist — 2 academies, and about 800 inhabitants. Talladega, county, Ala. Situated toward the E. part of the state, and contains 1,230 sq. ms. Coosa r. forms its w. boundary, by branches of whichandofTallapoosar.it is drained. Capi- tal, Talladega. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,826, sheep 3,825, swine 3J,803 ; wheat 41,106 bush, produced, Ind. corn 610,357, oats 26,218, potatoes 24,005, rice 2,495 pounds, tobacco 6,028, cotton 2,610,121 ; 17 stores, cap. $107,925; 3 tan- neries, 1 distillery, 15 grist m., 11 saw m., 1 print- ing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manu- fac. $50,632. 6 acad. 182 students, 15 sch. 358 scholars. Pop. whites 7,663, slaves 4,898, free col'd 26 ; total, 12,587. Talladega, p-v., capital of Talladega co., Ala., 116 E. Tuscaloosa, 757 W. Situated on a branch of Coosa r., and contains a court house, jail, and about 600 inhabitants. Taliaferro, county, Ga. Situated n. e. of the centre of the state, and contains 130 sq. ms. Drained by branches of Little r. which flows in- to Savannah r., and by branches of Ogeechee r. Capital, Crawfordsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,487, sheep 3,527, swine 12,215; wheat 16,627 bush, produced, Ind. corn 165,411, oats 21,336, potatoes 5,136, tobacco 410 pounds, cotton 1,486,406; 10 stores, cap. $34,000; 1 tan- nery, 9 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, $6,000. 6 sch. 201 scholars. Pop. whites 2,295, slaves 2,856, free col'd 39 ; total, 5,190. Tallahassee, city, and capital of Leon co., and of the Territory of Florida, 20 n. St. Marks, 292 w. St. Augustine, 896 W. It is situated on a commanding eminence. A fine mill stream flow- ing from several springs, runs on its e. border, falls 15 or 16 feet into a pool scooped out by its own current, and after running a short distance, sinks into a cleft of limestone rock. The city contains a state house, court house, jail, a market house, a U. S. land oflice, an academy, masonic liall, 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Presbyterian — a bank, Sprinting oflices, 3 week- ly newspapers, a tannery, about 30 stores, 400 dwellings, and 1,616 inhabitants. In the winter of 1842 it contained about 2,500 inhabitants. It is regularly laid out, and has several public squares. Tallahatchee, county, Miss. Situated to- ward the N. w. part of the state, and contains 1,188 sq. ms. Drained by Tallahatchee r. and its branches. Capital, Charleston. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,737, sheep 890, swine 10,259 ; wheat 1,887 bush, produced, Ind. corn 136,760, oats 7,046, potatoes 11,930, cotton 1,596,965 pounds ; 5 grist m., 2 saw m., 3 sch. 48 scholars. Pop. whites 1,392, slaves 1,591, free col'd 2 : total, 2,985. Tallapoosa, r., Ga. and Ala., rises in Carroll CO., Ga., and flows s. w. into Ala., where, by a various course, it receives numerous small tribu- taries, and becomes a large r., and joining with the Coosa r., between Montgomery and Autauga counties, the united stream forms the Alabama river. Tallapoosa, county, Ala. Situated toward the E. part of the state, and contains 910 sq. ms. Drained by Tallapoosa r. and its branches. Cap- ital, Dadeville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,991, sheep 1,025, swine 13,738; wheat 11,633 bush, produced, Ind. corn 159,580, oats 2,803, po- tatoes 10,484, tobacco 1,550 pounds, cotton 217,609; 12 stores, cap. $41,5.50 ; 3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 8 flouring m., 19 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $60,740. 1 acad., 10 sch. 248 scholars. Pop. whites 4,424, slaves 2,013, free col'd 7 ; total, 6,444. Tallapoosa, p o., Carroll co., Ga., Ii3 w. n. w. Milledgeville, 741 W. Tallassee, p-v., Tallapoosa co., Ala., 134 E. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 814 W. Situated on the e. side of Tallapoosa r. It contains several stores and about 100 inhabitants. Tallmadge, p-t.. Summit co., O., 128 n. e. Columbus, 332 W. Watered by Cuyahoga r. The soil is fertile and well cultivated. The Pennsylvania and Ohio canal passes through it. In the N. w. part is an extensive bed of bitumin- ous coal, which is wrought and exported. The v. at the centre is pleasantly situated around a public square, from which the roads diverge to the diflferent parts of the t., and contains a Con- gregational church, a store, a large carriage fac, an academy, and a number of dwellings. The t. also contains the flourishing v. of Middlebury, and a part of the large v. of Cuyahoga Falls, which see. It has 8 stores, cap. $62,5 JO ; 2 fur- naces, 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 2 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 flouring m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufactures $123,890. 1 acad. 35 students, 9 sch. 273 schol- ars. Pop. 2,134. Tallmadge, p-t., Ottowa co., Mich., 181 w. N. w. Detroit, 662 W. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,000. Pop. 139. Tallmadge, t., Oceana co., Mich. Popula- tion 139. Tallmansville, p-o., Wayne co., Pa., 195 n. e. Ilarrisburg, 289 W. Talleyville, po.. New Castle co., Del. Tally Ho, p-o., Granville co., N. C, 43 n. Raleigh, 266 W. Talofa, p-o., Madison co., Flor. Tamaqua, p-b., Schuylkill co.. Pa., 79 n. e. Harrisburg, 189 W. Situated on Tamaqua or Little Schuylkill r., at the n. termination of the railroad communication with Port Clinton. It was founded in 1829, and contains 3 stores, and about 35 dwellings. It is surrounded by abun- dance of excellent anthracite coal, in a wild, mountainous, and sterile country. It is chiefly dependent on the coal trade. It has 3 stores, cap. $18,000 ; 1 brewery. Cap. in manufactures $1,720. Pop. 465. Tamarwa, p-v., St. Clair co., 111., 114 s. by w. Springfield, 823 W. Pleasantly situated in an elevated situation on the w. side of Kaskas- kia r., at the lower end of Twelve Mile prairie. Tampa, bay, Flor., called by the Spaniards, Espiritu Santo, is the largest bay in the Gulf of Mexico. It is 40 ms. long, and in one place 35 wide, with from 15 to 20 ieet of water on ihe bar. It is easy of access, and affords a sale anchorage for any number of vessels. It receives Hills- boro r., and at its mouth is Brock Cantonment, beautifully situated. 14 ms. s. e. from this, Manate r. enters, about 1 mile wide at its mouth, and in some places lOfeetdeep. Between these rivers, Indian and Alafia rivers enter the bay. Oyster r. enters 20 ms. below Manate r. Little Tampa bay, in its n. part, is an elliptical basin, 10 ms, in diameterj but very shallow. There are TAR 649 TAU numerous islands at the mouth of Tampa bay, and it abounds with fish and water fowls. Tampa, p-v., and capital of Hillsboro' cc, Flor. Situated at the head of Tampa bay. Tamworth, p-t., Carroli co., N. H., 53 N. Con- cord, 539 W. The surface consists of ridges and valleys, and is uneven and rough ; soil, generally fertile. Watered by Bearcamp r., which flows into Ossipee lake, and Conway r., its branch, and by headwaters of Swift r. These streams afford good water power. Chartered in 1766, first set- tled in 1771. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,700 ; 1 full- ing m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,070. 19 sch. 672 scholars. Pop. 1,717. Taney, county, Mo. Situated in the s., to- ward the w. part of the state, and contains 1,426 sq. ms. Drained by White r. and its branches. Capital, Forsyth. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 8,133, sheep 2,424, swine 11,496; wheat 6,896 bush, produced, Lnd. corn 182,102, oats 5,577, po- tatoes 3,844, tobacco 17,205 pounds, cotton 10,650, sugar 5,900 ; 3 stores, cap. !$2,600 ; 3 distilleries, 12 grist m.,6 saw m. Pop. whites 2,212, slaves 40, free col'd 12 ; total, 2,264. Taneytown, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 22 n. n. E. Frederick, 71 \. n. w. Annapolis, 68 W. It con- tains a number of mills, and some iron works, and about 200 inhabitants. Tangipahao, r., Miss, and La., rises in Pike and Amiie counties of the former, and flows .s. into the latter, and pursues a course s. by e. to its entrance into Lake Pontchartrain, between St. Tammany and Livingston parishes. It is about 80 miles long. Tangier Islands, Va., in Chesapeake bay, in the N. part of the mouth of Pocomoke bay. Taneyville, p-v., Lycoming co.. Pa. Tanner's Creek, p-o., Dearborn co., la. Tanner's Store, p o., Mecklenburg co., Va., 89 s. w. Richmond, 203 W. Tannersville, p-v., Hunter t., Greene co., N. Y., 50 s. w. Albany, 352 W. Tannersville, p-v., Monroe co.. Pa., 124 n. E. Harrisburg, 218 W. Tappahannoc, port of entry, and capital of Esse.ic county, Va., 50 n. e. by e. Richmond, 112 W. Situated on the s. w. side of Rappahannock r., 30 miles from its mouth in Chesapeake bay. The situation is low and unhealthy. It contains a court house, jail, 1 church, free to all denomi- nations, a female seminary, 4 stores, 30 dwell- ings, and about 300 inhabitants. It has a good harbor. All the shipping belonging to the towns on the r. is entered at the custom house at this place. Tonnage 1840, 4,591. Tappan, p-o., Harri.son, O., 110 e. n. e. Colum- bus, 299 W. Tappan, baj", N. Y., is an expansion of Hudson T., 22 miles n. of New York City, 10 or 12 miles long, and from 2 to 3 miles wide. The country on its borders is highly picturesque. At the ter- mination of the New Vork and Erie railroad, on its w. side, a wharf has been extended into it one mile long, to which steamboats of the largest class can come. Tappan TOWN, p-v., Orangetown t., Rockland CO., N. Y., 134 s. by w. Albany, 256 W. Situ- ated 3 miles w. of Hudson river. It contains 2 churches, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants; It is surrounded by a i'ertile and highly cultivated country. Here Major Andre was executed as a spy, Oct. 2d, 1780. His remains have since been removed to England, and interred in Westminster Abbey. Tarboro', p-v., capital of Edgecombe co., N. C, 76 E. by N. Raleigh, 262 W. Situated on the w. side of Tar r., at the head of steamboat navi- 82 gation, 85 miles above its mouth, in Pamlico sound. It contains a court house, jail, a bank, an academy, and about 600 inhabitants. Tar, r., N. C, rises in Person co., and flowing, in a general course, s. e. by e., it receives in Edgecombe co. Fishing cr., a large branch from the N., and below Washington it expands into a wide estuary, which is denominated Pamlico r., until it enters Pamlico sound. Its entire length is about 180 miles. Vessels drawing 9 feet of water navigate it to Washington, and small steamboats to Tarborough. Tarentu.vi, p-v., Deer t., Alleghany co.. Pa., 204 w. by N. Harrisburg, 235 W. Situated on the N. w. side of Alleghany r., and on the Penn- sylvania canal, 18 or 20 miles above Pittsburg, and contains about 40 dwellings. Tariff, p-o., Butler co., O., 117 w. s. w. Co- lumbus, 505 W. Tariffville, p-v., Simsbury t., Hartford Co., Ct., 12 N. Hartford, 318 W. Situated on the w. bank of Farmington r. It contains an Episcopal church, and a large carpet fac, employing 175 laborers, and producing, annually, about 132,000 yds. of ingrain carpeting. Tarlton, p-v., Salt Creek t., Pickawav co., O., 10 N. Circleville, 46 s. Columbus, 391 W. It contains 1 Methodist, 1 German Lutheran, and 1 Presbyterian church, 5 stores, numerous me- chanic shops, 2 tanneries, 60 dwellings, and about 360 inhabitants. Tarpaulin Cove, Mass., 9 w. n. w. Holmes Hole, on the s. e. side of Nashawn island. It is a good harbor. Farrytow.n, p-v., Greenburg t., Westches- ter CO., N. Y., 122 s. Albany, 252 W. Situated on the E. bank of Hudson r., and contains 3 churches, 7 stores, a female academy, the Irving Institute, 10!) dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabit- ants. Here Jilajor Andre was captured in the revolutionary war. North of the v. is "Sleepy Hollow," rendered famous by the legend of Washington Irving. Steamboats run daily to New York, and several sloops are owned here, employed in the river trade. Tarversville, p-v., Twiggs co., Ga., 50 s. s. w. Millcdgeville, 6.t8 W. It contains an acade- my, 2 stores and several dwellings. Tassinong, p-o., Porter co., la., 126 n. n. w. Indianapolis, 6S5 W. T.iTE, t., Clermont co., O. It has 5 stores, cap. §8,3;)0 ; 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. §8,325. 7 sch. 358 scholars. Pop. 2,364. Tatnall, county, Ga. Situated toward the s. E. part of the state, and contains 1,000 sq. ms. Altaniaha r. bounds it on the s. w., and Cannou- chee r. on the n. e. Drained by the Great Ohoo- pee r. and Little Cannouchee r., and Pendleton's and Beard's creeks. Capital, Ileidsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,677, sheep 443, swine 2,107; wheat 526 bushels produced, Indian corn 9,259, potatoes 4,201, cotton 9,5S7 pounds, sugar 1,H63 ; 1 store, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Pop. whites 1,878, slaves 841, free col'd 5 ; total, 2,724. Taunton, r., Mass., rises in Plymouth county, and running s. w. falls into Mount Hope bay, a branch of Narraganset bay. It is navigable for sloops of .30 tons, twenty miles, to Taimton. It affords extensive water power. Alewives are abundantly taken in it. Tau.nton, p-t., and semi-capital of Bristol co., Mass., is situated on Taunton r., which is navi- gable to this place for small vessels, 20 e. by n. Providence, 32i s. Boston, 420 W. Pop. 1830, 6,042 ; 1840, 7,645. First settled in 1637. Canoe and Ruralbrd rivers join Taunton r. in this town, TAZ 650 TED and furnish extensive water power, wliicli has been well improved in manufacturing. The town contains some good land, which is well cultivated ; but the inhabitants depend chiefly upon manufactures. The village contains a court house, a jail, a town house, 3 banks, and 8 churches — ■! Congregational, 2 Baptist, 1 Episco- pal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic. Iron works were established here as early as 1652, and among its manufactures that of nails is particu- larly distinguished. A railroad connects this place with Boston, and also with New Bedford. There are in the t. 62 stores, cap. $139,800; 4 lumber yards, cap. $19,000 ; 2 furnaces and 2 forges ; hardware and cutlery manufactured to the value of $50,000 ; 1 fulling m., 6 cotton fac. 19,956 sp., 1 dyeing and printing estab., 1 tan- nery, 1 pottery, 12 saw m., 1 paper fac, 3 print- ing offices, 2 binderies, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $622,950. 2 acad. 179 students, 43 sch. 1,900 scholars. Taxahavv, p-o., Lancaster dist., S. C, 89 n. by E. Columbia, 451 W. Tayciieida, p-v.. Fond du Lac co., Wis., 92 n. E. Madison, 949 W. Taylors Bridge, p-o., Sampson co., N. C, 106 s. s. E. Raleigh, 336 W. Tayi^ors Creek, t., Hardin co., O. It has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 36 scholars. Pop. 400. Taylors Mills, p-o., Marion co., Mo., 119 n. N. E. Jefferson City, 933 W. Taylors Stand, p-o., Crawford co., Pa., 249 N. w. Harrisburg, 326 W. Taylors Store, p-o., Franklin co., Va., 169 w. by s. Richmond, 244 W. Taylorstow.v, p-v., Buffalo t., Washington CO., Pa., 216 w. Harrisburg, 244 W. It contains several stores, and about 40 dwellings. Taylorsville, p-v.. Upper Makefield t., Bucks CO., Pa., 116 e. Harrisburg, 166 W. Situ- ated on the s. w. side of Delaware r., and con- tains a store and about 10 dwellings. Here is a ferry across the Delaware r., and an act of the assembly was passed in 1831 for the erection of a bridge. Taylorsville, p-v., Hanover co., Va., 22 n. Richmond, 95 W. Situated at the junction of Newfound and South Anna rivers, and at the junction of the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Loui.sa railroads. It contains about 100 inhabit- ants. Taylorsville, p-v., capital of Patrick co., Va. Situated on Mayo r., and contains a court house, jail, 2 stores, 1 flouring m., 2 tobacco fac, 1 tannery, 40 dwellings, and about 300 inhabit- ants. (See Patrick C. H.) Taylorsville, p-o., Fairfield dist., S. C, 18 N. Columbia, 487 W. Taylorsville, p-v., capital of Johnson co., Tenn., 332 e. by n. Nashville, 392 W. Situated N. of Roan's cr., a branch of Wataga r., and con- tains a court house, jail, and about 75 inhabit- ants. Taylorsville, p-t., capital of Spencer co., Ky., 35 s. E. Louisville, 39 w. s. w. Frankfort, 5S1 W. Situated on the n. side of Salt r., at the junction of Brashear's cr., and contains a court house, jail, a church, and 398 inhabitants. Taylorsville, t., Muskingum co., O. It has 3 sch. 122 scholars. Pop. 785. Taylorsville, p-v.. Christian co.. 111., 26 s. E. Springfield, 754 W. Tazewell, county, Va. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 1,600 square miles. Drained by Tug fork of Sandy r. and its branch- es, and by head waters of Holslon and Clinch rivers, and tributaries of Great Kanawha river. The surface is elevated, and in some parts moun- tainous. Capital, Jeffersonville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,460, sheep 11,170, swine 14,656 ; wheat 33,688 bushels produced, rye 12,965, Ind. corn 149,973, buckwheat 2,103, oats 126,432, potatoes 15,598, sugar 43,664 pounds ; 6 stores, cap. $41,000; 4 tanneries, 32 distille- ries, 14 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$11,130. Pop. whites 5,466, slaves 786, free col'd 3S ; total, 6,290. Tazewell, county, Bl. Situated a little n. of the centre of the state, and contains 1,130 sq. miles. Organized in 1827, from Peoria co. Illi- nois r. runs on its n. w. border. Drained by Mackinaw r., and by branches of Sangamon r. The surface is level, or slightly undulating ; soil, partly sandy prairie, and partly timbered with oak, and fertile. There are some swamps. Capital, Tremont. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,785, sheep 5,422, swine 19,973; wheat 154,263 bushels produced, rye 1,844, Indian corn 423,751, buckwheat 1,203, barley 4,553, oats 73,630, potatoes 40,272, sugar 4,247 pounds ; 14 stores, cap. $29,450 ; 1 tannery, 3 dislillerie.s, 2 potteries, 2 flouring ra., 5 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac $48,000. 4 acad. 191 students, 10 sch. 220 scholars. Pop. 7,221 . Tazewell, p-v., capital of Marion co.,Ga., 110 s. w. Milledgeville, 764 W. Situated on the e. side of S. Whitewater cr., a branch of Flint r. It contains a court house, jail, an academy, a church, several stores, and 25 dwellings. Tazewell, p-v., capital of Claiborne co.,Tenn., 221 E. by N. Nashville, 473 W. Situated near the source of Russell's cr., a tributary of Pow- ell's r. It contains a court house, jail, and about 100 dwellings. Tazewell, C. H., p-v., capital of Tazewell co., Va., 284 w. by s. Richmond, 339 W. It has re- ceived the name of Jeffersonville. Situated on the s. side of the n. fork of Clinch r. It contains a court house, jail, 1 church, free to all denomina- tions, 4 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 tannery, 25 dwell- ings, and about 175 inhabitants. TcHOCUiNNA, r., Ga., rises in Monroe co., nins s. e. and enters Ocmulgee r., between Houston and Bibb counties. It is about 40 ins. long. TciiULA, p-v.. Holmes co.. Miss., 77 n. Jack- son, 1,012 W. Situated on the e. side of Yazoo r., near the s. point of a s. bend in the r., and contains about 200 inhabitants. Teachy's, p-o., and depot, Duplin co., N. C, 93 s. s. E. Raleigh, 328 W. Teaze's Valley, p-o., Kanawha co., Va., 334 w. N. w. Richmond, 371 W. Teavo, t., Rives co.. Mo. It has 5 sch. 93 scholars. Pop. 852. Teciie, r.. La., rises in Rapides parish, near Red r., and flowing by a winding course, generally s. s. e., it enters the outlet of Cheti- maches lake in St. Mary's par. Its channel is deep, and the tide flows up it, over lUO ins. Like the iMississippi, the r. is higher than the adjoin- ing,country, excepting its immediate banks. It has 8 feet of water on its bar, and 20 feet within, and is navigable 100 ms. to New Iberia. It is about 180 ms. long, and is 200 yds. wide at its mouth. Tecumseii, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich., 57 s. w. Detroit, 511 W. Watered by Raisin r. It has 3 com. houses, cap. $7,000 ; 12 stores, cap. $70,330 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $160,000. 1 college, 20 students, 12 sch. 803 scholars. Pop. 2,503. Tedrow, p-o., Lucas co., O., 15S n.w. Colum- bus, 489 W. TEN 651 TEN Tee, t., Carroll co., O. It has 4 sell. 116 schol- ars. Pop. 1,372. Tekonsha, p-t., Calhoun co., Mich., 105 w. Detroit, 566 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. The v. is situated on St. Joseph'.* r., and contains 2 stores, 1 saw m., and ahout 200 in- habitants. There are in the t. 1 store, cap. $2,800; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,100. 4 sell. 125 scholars. Pop. 375. Telf.\ir, county, Ga. Centrally situated to- ward the s. part of the state, and contains 950 sq. ms. Drained by Ocmulgee r., which hounds it on the s. w. and crosses it, and its branches, the principal of which arc Turnpike, Horse and White creeks, and by the head waters of Santilla r. Capital, Jacksonville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,939, sheep 2,578, swine 1,015; wheat 3,321 bush, produced, Ind. corn 43,192, oats 1,13S, potatoes 18,939, rice 3.450 pounds, tobacco 100, cotton 80,780, sugar 22,510 ; 8 stores, cap. $18,600; 1 tannery, 7 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $104,450. 7 sch. 165 .scholars. Pop. whites 2,001, slaves 757, free col'd 5 ; total, 2,763. Tellico Pl.\ins, p-o., Monroe co., Tenn., 173 E. s. E. Nashville, 555 W. Teloga Springs, po., Chatooga co., Ga., 191 N. w. Milledgeville, 615 W. Temperance Village, p-o., Alleghany co.. Pa. Temperance, p-o., Amherst co., Va., 118 w. Richmond, 170 W. Temperance, p-o., Telfair co., Ga., 104 s. by E. Milledgeville, 751 W. Temperance Hill, p-o., Moore co., N. C, 73 s. w. Raleigh, 361 W. Tempest Vallev, p-o., Washington co., Tenn. Temple, pt., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 44 s. s. w. Concord, 455 W. Drained by branches of Souhegan r. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 1 tan- nery, 5 sch. 133 scholars. Pop. 576. Temple, t., Franklin co.. Me., 40 n. n. w. Augusta. The soil Is fertile, adapted to grain. It has no considerable streams. Sandy cr. runs near its e. border. It has 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,425. 2 sch. 79 scholars. Pop. 955. Te.mple Mills, p-o., Temple t., Franklin co., Me., 38 N. N. w. Augusta, 619 W. Temple of Health, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. C, 107 w. Columbia, 530 W. Templeton, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 61 w. N. w. Boston, 411 W. Tlie surface is moderately uneven ; soil, adapted to grazing in its more ele- vated parts, and to grain in the valleys. Wa- tered by branches of Miller's and Chicapce rivers. The v. contains 2 churches — 1 Congre- gational and 1 Unitarian — and about 30 dwell- ings. Incorporated in 1762. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 8 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 4 tanneries, 2 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $153,800. 10 sch. 480 scholars. Pop. 1,776. Templeton, p-v.. Prince George co., Va., 36 s. E. Richmond, 156 W. Te.n Islands, p-o., Benton co., Ala., 114 E. N. E. Tuscaloosa, 737 W. Ten Mile, p-o., Washington co.. Pa., 223 w. Harrisburg, 239 W. The cr. which gives it its name, is a considerable branch of 3Ionongahela r. Ten Mile River, p-o., Sullivan co., N. Y., 137 s. w. Albany, 287 W. Ten Mile Spring, p-o., Cattaraugus co., iN. Y. Ten Mile Stand, p-o., Meigs co., Tenn., 152 e. s. e. Nashville, 556 W. Tennessee river runs chiefly in the state of the same name, and is the largest tributary of the Ohio. Its most remote sources are Clinch r. and Ilolston r., which rises in the Alleghany mountains in Virginia. Its other head branches are Nolachucky, French Broad, Tellico and Richland. The ilolston and Clinch, of which the others are branches, unite about 45 miles s. of w. from Knoxvillc, forming the Tennessee proper, which then pursues a s. w. direction across the state, and enters the state of Alabama, in which it pursues a westerly course for 150 or 200 miles, and then turns n., and crosses the state of Tennessee, and the western part of Kentucky, and enters the Ohio lU ms. below the mouth of Cumberland river, and 47i miles above the entrance of the Ohio into the Mississippi, by tiie course of the river. It receives, through its whole course, many tributaries, none of which are of very great extent. The whole descent of the river from its most remote source to its mouth, is about 1,700 feet ; its whole length by the course of the river is nearly 1,200 miles, being longer tlian the Ohio below Pittsburg. It drains a sur- face of 41,000 square miles. There are no per- pendicular falls, and few rapids which obstruct navigation, through its whole course. The greatest obstruction is the Muscle shoals in Ala- bama. Florence, at the foot of these rapids on the N. side, is 259 miles from its mouth, and to this distance steamboats come, during high wa- ter. A canal has been made around these shoals 36 miles in length, but is designed to be extend- ed further ; and above, the navigation for boats is unobstructed for 250 miles. At that distance occurs the suck or whirl, in which the river passes a large projecting rock on the n. side, causing a sudden bend in the river, which pro- duces the whirl. The whirl is at the entrance into the Cuniberlaiid mountains, above which the country is rough, and the navigation is more dif- ficult. The river being rapid, is chiefly favora- ble to navigation down the stream. TENNESSEE. Tennessee, one of the western United States, is bounded n. by Kentucky ; e. by North Caro- lina ; s. by Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi ; and w. by the Mississippi river, which separates it from Arkansas and Missouri. It lies between 35° and 36° 30' n. lat., and between 81° 30' and 90° 10' w. Ion., and between 4° 39' and 13° 14' w. from W. It is at its mean length 400 miles, and its mean breadth 114 miles; containing 45,600 square miles, or 29,184,000 acres. The population in 1790, was 35,691 ; in 1800, 105,602 ; in 1810, 261,727; in 1820, 422,813; in 1830, 681,904; in 1840, 829,210, of which 183,059 were slaves. Of the free population 325,434 were while males ; 315,193 do. females ; 2,796 free colored males ; 2,728 do. females. Employed in agriculture, 227,739 ; in commerce, 2,217; in manufactures and trades, 17,815; navigating the ocean, rivers, &c., 357; learned professions, 2,042. This state is divided into 72 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, were as follows : Easlem District— Anderson, 5,658, Clinton ; Bledsoe, 5,676, Pikeville ; Blount, TEN 652 TEN 11,745, Marysville; Bradley, 7,385, Cleveland ; Campbell, 6,149, Jacksborough; Carter, 5,372, Elizabethtown ; Claiborne, 9,474, Tazewell ; Cocke, 6,992, Newport; Granger, 10,572, Rut- ledge; Greene, 16,076, Greene ville ; Hamilton, 8,175, Dallas; Hawkins, 15,035, Rogersville Jefferson, 12,076, Dandridge ; Johnson, 2,653, Taylorsville ; Knox, 15,485, Knoxville ; Marion, 6,070, Jasper ; McMinn, 12,719, Athens ; Meigs, 4,794, Decatur ; Monroe, 12,056, Madisonville ; Morgan, 2,660, Montgomery ; Polk, 3,570, Bentonville ; Rhea, 3,985, Washington ; Roane, 10,948, Kingston; Sevier, 6,442, Sevierville ; Sullivan, 10,736, Blountville ; Washington, 11,751, Jonesborough. Middle District— Bedford, 20,546, Shelbyville ; Cannon, 7,193, Wood- bury ; Coffee, 8,184, Manchester; Davidson, 30,509, Nashville; De Kalb, 5,868, Smithville ; Dickson, 7,074, Charlotte ; Fentress, 3,550, Jamestown ; Franklin, 12,033, Winchester; Giles, 21,494, Pulaski; Hickman, 8,618, Cenireville ; Humphreys, 5,195, Reynoldsburg ; Jackson, 12,872, Gainesborough ; Lawrence, 7,121, Lawrenceburg ; Lincoln, 21,493, Fayetteville ; Mar- shal, 14,555, Levvisburg; Maury, 28,186, Columbia; Montgomery, 16,927, Clarksville ; Over- ton, 9,279, Monroe ; Robertson, 13,801, Springfield ; Rutherford, 24,280, Murfreesborough ; Smith, 21,179, Carthage ; Sumner, 22,445, Gallatin ; Stewart, 8,587, Dover; Warren, 10,803, McMinnville ; Wayne, 7,705, Waynesborough ; White, 10,747, Sparta ; Williamson, 27,006, Franklin; Wilson, 24,460, Lebanon. Western District — Benton, 4,772, Camden; Carroll, 12,362, Huntingdon ; Dyer, 4,484, Dyersburg ; Fayette, 21,501, Somerville ; Gibson, 13,689, Trenton; Hardeman, 14,563, Bolivar ; Hardin, 8,245, Savannah; Haywood, 13,870, Browns- ville; Henderson, 11,875, Lexington; Henry, 14,906, Paris; Lauderdale, 3,435, Ripley; Madison, 16,530, Jackson; McNairy, 9,385, Purdy ; Obion, 4,814, Troy ; Perry, 7,419, Perry- ville; Shelby, 14,721, Raleigh; Tipton, 6,800, Covington ; Weakley, 9,870, Dresden. Nashville, on the s. bank of Cumberland river, is the seat of government. Cumberland mountains run through the middle of the state, in the direction of N. E. and s. w., dividing it into two parts, denominated East Tennessee and West Tennessee. The western part of Tennessee is level, or gently undulating ; in the middle it is hilly. East Tennessee abounds in mountains, many of them elevated, presenting much grand and picturesque scenery. Of the mountains, Cumberland, or Great Laurel ridge, is the most remarkable. It nowhe'-e has an eleva- tion of more than 1,000 feet. The names of the other mountains are Stone, Yellow, Iron, Bald, Smoky, and Unika, which form a chain in a n. e. and s. w. direction, and constitute the eastern boundary of the state. Northwest of these are Bay's mountain. Copper ridge. Clinch mountain, Powell's mountain, and Welling's ridge, with valleys between them from 5 to 10 miles wide. These valleys open passages for rivers and roads. Caves of great depth and extent are found throughout the state. The soil is various, but generally fertile. The western part has a black, rich soil ; in the middle are great quantities of excellent land ; in the eastern part the mountains are poor, but the valleys are very fertile. The country has a great profusion of native timber, poplar, hickory, walnut, oak, beach, sycamore, locust, cherry, sugar-maple, &c., and in some parts are great quantities of cane, very thick and strong. There are many medicinal plants, such as snakeroot, ginseng, Carolina pink, angelica, senna, anise, and spikenard. The soil produces abundantly cotton and tobacco, the staple commodities of the state ; also grain, grass, and fruit. Cattle are extensively exported from East Tennessee. In 1840 there were in this state, 341,409 horses and mules ; 822,851 neat cattle; 741,593 sheep; 2,926,607 swine ; poultry valued at $606,969. There were produced 4,569,692 bushels of wheat ; 4,809 of barley ; 7,035,678 of oats ; 304,320 of rye ; 17,118 of buckwheat ; 44,986,188 of Ind. corn ; 1,060,332 pounds of wool ; 850 of hops ; 50,907 of wax ; 1,904,370 bushels of potatoes ; 31,233 tons of hay ; 3,344 of hemp and flax ; 29,550,432 pounds of tobacco ; 7,977 of rice ; 27,701,277 of cotton ; 1,217 of silk cocoons ; 258,073 of sugar. The products of the dairy were valued at $472,141 ; and of the orchard at $367,105; value of lumber produced, $217,606 ; 3,336 barrels of tar, pitch, &.C., were made. A considerable portion of this state rests on a bed of limestone. Gypsum in large quantities has been discovered. Copperas, alum, nitre, and lead, are among the minerals, and some silver has been found. Saltpetre forms a considerable article of commerce. Many salt springs, and some valuable mineral springs, have been found. The climate is mild and generally healthy. The winter in Tennessee resembles the spring in New England. Snow seldom falls to a greater deptii than 10 inches, or lies longer than 10 days. Cumberland river has been frozen over but three or four times since the country was settled. Cat- tle are rarely sheltered in winter. Some low grounds in the western part of the slate are subject to bilious fevers and fever and ague, but they constitute but a very small portion of the state. The usual route to a market is down the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers to the Ohio, and thence to New Orleans. Foreign goods come extensively from the east through Pittsburgh. Cat- tle, in considerable numbers, are driven from East Tennessee to an eastern market. Tennessee river, though it has not its rise nor its entrance, has its chief course in this state. It TEN fir,3 TEN is 1,200 miles long, and is navigable fur steamboats to Florence in Alabama, 239 miles above its entrance into the Ohio, and for boats 250 miles further. Cumberland river rises in Kentucky, but runs mainly in Tennessee. It is navigable for steamboats 200 miles to Nashville, and for boats 300 miles further. It enters the Ohio in Kentucky, 60 miles from the Mississippi. The Holston, Clinch, French Broad, and fliwassee, are branches of the Tennessee. Obion, Forked Deer, and Wolf rivers, in the western part of the state, flow into the Mississippi, and are navigable for boats. Nashville is the largest and most commercial place in the state. Knoxville, on the flolston river, is the principal town in East Tennessee, and was formerly the seat of government. Mur- freesborough, in West Tennessee, was formerly the seat of government, and is in the midst of a fertile country. Memphis, on the Mississippi, is a place of considerable business. Clarksville, Franklin, Jonesboro', Winchester, and Columbia, are considerable places. There were in 1840, 13 commercial and 52 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $1,495,100; 1,032 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $7,357,300 ; 1,126 persons employed in the lumber trade, with a capital of $6,700 ; 31 persons employed in internal transportation, who, with 5 butchers and packers, employed a capital of S9"',811. Tiie amount of home-made or family goods was $2,886,661. There were 26 woollen manufac- tories and 4 fulling mills, employing 45 persons, producing articles to the amount of $14,290, with a capital of $25,600 ; 38 cotton manufactories with 16,813 spindles, employing 1,542 persons, pro- ducing articles to the amount of $325,719, with a capital employed of $463,240 ; 34 furnaces, pro- ducing 16,128 tons of cast iron, and 99 forges, &c., producing 9,673 tons of bar iron, employing 2,266 persons, and a capital of $1,514,736; 4 persons produced gold to the amount of $1,500, with a capital of $400 ; 2 smelting houses for lead ; 21 persons produced 13,942 bushels of bituminous coal; 5 paper manufactories produced articles to the amount of $46,000 ; other manufactories of paper produced articles to the amount of $14,000, the whole employing 87 persons, and a capital of $93,000 ; 177 persons produced hats and caps to the amount of $104,949 ; 454 tanneries employed 909 persons, and a capital of $484,114; 374 other leather manufactories, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the amount of $359,050, with a capital of $154,540 ; 29 potteries employed 50 persons, producing articles to the amount of $51,600, with a capital of $7,300 ; 266 persons pro- duced machinery to the amount of $257,704 ; 142 persons maimfactured hardware and cutlery to the amount of $57,170; 34 persons manufactured 564 small-arms; 11 persons manufactured the precious metals to the amount of $28,460 ; 10 persons manuiactured granite and marble to the amount of $5,400 ; 417 persons produced brick and lime to the amount of $119,371 ; 1,426 distiller- ies produced 1,109,107 gallons, and 6 breweries produced 1,835 gallons, the whole employing 1,341 persons, and a capital of $218,182; 518 persons manufactured carriages and wagons to the amount of $219,897, employing a capital of $80,878 ; 28 ropewalks employed 258 persons, producing arti- cles to the amount of $132,630, and employing a capital of $81,230; 255 flouring mills produced 67,831 barrels of flour, and, with other mills, employed 2,100 persons, producing articles to the amount of $1,020,664, and employing a capital of $1,310,195; 203 persons manufactured furniture to the amount of $79,580, with a capital of $30,650 ; 193 brick or stone houses, and 1,098 wooden houses, were built by 1,467 persons, at a cost of $427,402 ; 41 printing offices, 5 binderies, 2 daily, 6 semi-weekly, and 38 weekly newspapers, and 10 periodicals, employed 191 persons, and a capi- tal of $112,500. The whole amount of capital employed in mantifaclures was $3,731,580. Greenville College, at Greenville, in East Tennessee, was founded in 1794 ; Washington Col- lege, in Washington county, was founded in 1794 ; the University of Nashville, in Nashville, the most important literary institution in the state, was founded in 1806 ; East Tennessee College, at Knoxville, was founded in 1807 ; Jack.son College, near Columbia, was founded in 1830. The Southwestern Theological Seminary, at 31arysville, was founded in 1821. The number of stu- dents in all these institutions in 1840, was 369. There were in the state 152 academies, with 5,539 students ; and 983 common and primary schools, with 25,099 scholars. There were 58,531 white persons, over 20 years of age, who could neither read nor write. In 1836 the Methodists had 127 travelling preachers, and 34,260 communicants ; the Baptists had 413 churches, 219 ministers, and 20,472 communicants ; the Presbyterians had 120 churches, 90 ministers, and 10,000 commiuiicants ; the Episcopalians had 1 bishop and 8 ministers. There were besides many Cumberland Presbyterians, and some Lutherans, Friends, Christians, and Catholics. At the commencement of 1839 there were in the state 1 bank and 7 branches, with an aggregate capital of $2,292,757, and a circulation of $742,542. The state debt at the close of 1840, was $1,789,166. The constitution of this state was formed in 1796, at Knoxville. This constitution w^as revised and amended, and ratified by the people, in March, 1835. The governor is elected by the people fur 2 years, but is not eligible more than 6 years in 8. The representatives are chosen biennially, and their number cannot exceed 75 until the population is 500,000, and never afterwards exceed 99, apportioned among the different counties according to the number of qualified voters. The sena- TRR r.r)4 TEX tors are chosen and apportioned in like manner, and can never exceed one third the number of representatives. The legislature meets biennially, at Nashville, in October following the election. It can be called together at other times, by the governor, if necessary. The judges of the supreme court are chosen by the joint ballot of both houses of the legislature, and hold their oflices during 12 years. Every white person over 21 years of age, who is a freeholder in the county where he ofTers his vote, or who has resided in the county 6 months immediately preceding the election, enjoys the right of suffrage. The internal improvements of Tennessee consist of several railroads. Lagrange and Memphis rail- road extends from Memphis, on the Mississippi, 50 ms. to Lagrange, in Lafayette county. Somerville branch extends from the main road at Moscow, 16 miles, to Somerville. The Hiwassee railroad extends from Knoxville, 98i rniles, to the Georgia line, where it unites with the Western and Atlantic railroad of Georgia. The New Orleans and Nashville railroad is designed to pass through this state. This state was originally included in the charter of North Carolina given by Charles IL, in 1664 ; but no settlement had been made beyond the Alleghany mountains until 1757, when a few hardy pioneers established themselves at Fort Loudon, on Watauga river. This fort was attacked by the Indians in 1760, when more than 200 men, women, and children, were massacred. But the sav- ages were chastised and subdued by Col. Grant and his troops the following year, and a favorable treaty was made by the natives. In 1765 settlements began on the Holston river. During the earlier parts of the revolutionary war the people of this territory had frequent contests with tiie Indians, and, in the latter part of it, with the combined forces of the British and Indians. In 1784 North Carolina ceded this territory to the United States, but soon repealed the act, and the people set up an independent government, calling it the State of Frankland, which brought them into col- lision with North Carolina. The territory was finally ceded to the United States in 1790, and a territorial government was established under the name of the Territory Southwest of the Ohio river. In 1796, Tennessee was admitted into the ITnion. The citizens of this state bore an important part in the last war, and particularly in the defence of New Orleans. TENNES.SEE Iron Works, p-0., Montgomery CO., Tenn. Ten.nessee River, p-o., Macon co., N. C, 341 w. by s. Raleigh, 571 W. Tennille, po., Washington co., Ga. Tensaw, r., Ala. It is the eastern outlet of Mobile r., 8 ms. below the union of Tombigbee and Alabama rivers, which form the Mobile r. It flows s. by Blakeley, and enters Mobile bay by several mouths. A little below, where it leaves Mobile r., it contains a considerable island. Tensaw, r., La., rises in Chicot co., Ark., and flowing s. by w. nearly parallel witli tiie Missis- sippi, falls into the Washita r. It flows through the parishes of Carroll and Madison, and forms the boundary between Concordia and Cattahoula parishes. Tensaw, p-o., Baldwin co., Ala., 117 s. Tus- caloosa, 969 W. Terre Bonne, parish. La. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 1,850 sq. ms. Bounded s. by the Gulf of Mexico. The surface is low and level. Drained by Terre Bonne, Pe- tite, and Grand Bayou Cailloux, and Bayou de Large rivers. Much of the soil is too low for cultivation, but on the banks of the streams it is very fertile, well adapted to the sugar cane. Capital, Williamsburg. There were in 1340, neat cattle 4,764, sheep 1,013, sv\ine 5,473; Ind. com 115,002 bush, produced, potatoes 28,283, rice 17,880 pounds, cotton 1,003,850, sugar 6,875,600; 1 store, cap. $10,000. 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. whites 2,075, slaves 2,300, free col'd 35: total, 4,410. Terre Coupee, p-v., St. Joseph co., la., 163 n. Indianapolis, 645 W. Teiire Haute, p-v., capital of Vigo co., la., 73 w. Indianapohs, 644 W. Pleasantly situated on elevated ground, on the e. bank of Wabash r. The national road crosses the r. here on a fine bridge. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churche.s — 1 Congregational and 1 Methodist — a bank, a fine market house, a seminary, 2 steam mills, a brewery, 5 commission houses, 50 stores, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Terrapin Creek, p-o., Cherokee co., Ala., 194 N. e. Tuscaloosa, 691 W. Terre Salis, p-o., and Salt Works, Clay co., Ky. Terrysville, p-v., Plymouth t., Litchfield CO., Ct., 21 w. s. w. Hartford, 341 W. It is cel- ebrated for its extensive manufacture of wooden clocks. Terrysville, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 104 w. Columbia, 551 W. Terrytown, p-v., Bradford co., Pa., 149 n. by E. Harrisburg, 260 W. Tete des Mort, p-o., Jackson co., Iowa. Tewksbury, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 21 n. w. Boston, 449 W. The surface is level ; soil, light and sandy. Merrimac r. bounds it on the n. w., and Concord r. on the w. Shawsheen r. passes through it. The v. contains a Unitarian church. The Boston and Lowell railroad passes through a corner of the t. on the w. Incorporated in 1734. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. .$2,600 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $3,200. 6 sch. 440 scholars. Pop. 906. Tewksbury, t., Hunterdon co., N. J., 14 n. e. Flemington. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay and loam, fertile and well cultivated. Drained by Rockaway cr. and its branches, and by Laming- ton r. It contains the villages of New German- town and Pottersville. There are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $22,200; 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,450. 8 sch. 274 scholars. Pop. 1,944. Texas, p-o., Mexico t., Oswego co., N. Y., 165 w. N. w. Albany, 387 W. Texas, t., Wayne co.. Pa. Drained by Sax- awaxen cr. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 2 tan- neries, 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $3,250. 7 sch. 172 scholars. Pop. 1,094. Texas, t., Kalamazoo co., Mich. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 3 sch. 59 scholars. Pop. 249. THO 655 THO Texas, p-o., Meriwether co., Ga., 93 w. Mil- ledgeville, 714 W. Thames, r., Ct., formed by the union of She- tucket and Yantic rivers, at Norwich City, whence it flows s. 14 ms. to Long Island sound, at New London. It is navigable for sloops and steamboats to Norwich City. The harbor at its mouth at New London is the best in the state, and one of the best in the I'nited States, defended by Fort Trumbull in New London, and Fort Grisvvold in Groton, opposite. The Corner, p-o., Ulster co., N. Y., 77 s. s. w. Albany, 336 W. The Exchange, p-o., McCracken co., Ky., 281 w. s. w. Frankfort, 806 W. The Forks, p-o., Somerset co., Me., 84 n. n. W. Augusta, 679 W. The Forks, p-o., Fauquier co., Va. The Meadows, p-o., Bedford co., Va. The Plains, p-o., Fauquier co., Va., 119 n. w. Richmond, 53 W. The Purchase, p-o., Harrison t., Westchester CO., N. Y., 133 s. by e. Albany, 2S8 W. It con- tains a Friends church and a lew dwellings. Theresa, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 183 n. w. Albany, 435 W. The surface is uneven and broken ; soil, indifferent. Drained by Indian r. Organized in 1841. The v. is situated on Indian r., and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 30 dwellings, and about 175 inhabitants. Thetford, p-t., Orange co., Vt., 43 s. s. E. Montpelier. 498 W. The surface is uneven and rough ; soil, fertile, well adapted to grazing. Connecticut r. bounds it on the e. Watered by Omporapanoosuc r., which here receives a branch, both of which afford good water power. The v., at the centre, contains a Congregational church, an academy, several stores, and a number of neat dwellings. There are 2 other small villages on Ompompanoosuc r. It has 6 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 13 saw ra., 1 oil m. Cap. in maiiufac. $33,180. 2 acad. 176 students, 17 seh. 706 scho- lars. Pop. 2,065. The Village, p-o.. Point Coupee par.. La. TiiiBODEAUXviLLE, p-v.. Capital of La Fourche par.. La., 106 s. w. New Orleans, 1,243 W. Sit- uated on the s. w. side of Bayou La Fourche, and contains a court house and jail, and about 400 inhabitants. Thomas, county, Ga. Situated toward the s. w. part of the state, and contains 1,089 sq. ms. Drained by Ocklockonee r. and its branches, and by brandies of Withlacoochee r. Capital, Tho- masville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 24,699 sheep 2,798, swine 17,960; wheat 1,040 bush 13 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in nianufac. $13,325. 2 acad. 36 students, 8 sch. 169 scholars. Pop. whites 3,810, slaves 2,93J, free col'd 26; total, 6,766. Thomasto.v, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 42 s. e. Augusta, 619 W. Situated between Penobscot bay on tlie e., and St. George's r. on the w. It contains an abundance of limestone, and lime is made to the amount of 300,000 casks annually. Large ships come up St. George r. to this t., 12 ms. from the ocean. The Maine state prison is located here, situated on the bank of St. George r , on which is found a blue granite, which the prisoners are extensively employed in cutting, and preparing for exportation. The buildings, which are spacious and commodious, have at- tached to them 10 acres of ground. Major-ge- neral Henry Knox, of the revolutionary army, died here, in 1807, and was buried in the middle of a thick cedar grove, on his own ground, near his benuliful dwelling. It has 90 stores, capital $131,400; Shimberyards, cap. $1,050; 2 fulhng m., 1 pottery, 2 printing offices, 2 weeidy news- papers, 3 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $211,410. 1 college 15 students, 3 acad. 166 stu- dents, 27 sch. 2,423 scholars. Pop. 6,227. Tho.maston, p-v., capital of Upson co., Ga., 81 w. by s. Millodgeville, 703 W. It contains a court house and jail, 2 churches— 1 Baptist, I Methodist — an academy, 6 stores, and 30 dwell- ings. Thomastown, p-v., Leake co.. Miss., 52 n. e. Jackson, 994 W. Thomasville, p-v., capital of Thomas co., Ga., 231 MiUedgeville, 888 W. Thomasville, p-v., Washington co., Tenn., 291 E. Nashville, 420 W. Situated on the s. bank of Nolachucky r. Thompson, p-t., Windham co., Ct., 43 E. n. E. Hartford, 384 W. The surface is hilly; soil, gravelly loam, and fertile. Drained by Quinne- baug, French, and Five IMile rivers, which afford good water power. It contains 4 churches — 1 Congregational, 2 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. The v., at the centre, is on elevated ground, and con- tains a Congregational and a Baptist church, a bank, 4 stores, a printing office, and about 30 dwellings, many of them neat. There is a man- ufacturing V. in the s. part of the t. There are in the t. lo stores, cap. $26, l(iO ; 1 tannery, 7 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $124,630. 1 acad. 30 students, 13 sch. 827 scholars. Pop. 3,333. Thompson, t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 110 s. w Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, sandy and gravelly loam. Drained by Mongoup and Ne- versink rivers. It contains the v. of Monticello, the capital of the co. It has 8 stores, capital $30,300; 1 fulling in., 4 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist m., 22 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $126,700. 18 sch. 741 scholars. Pop. 2,610. Thompson, p-t., Susquehanna co., Pa., 184 n. N. E. Harrisburg, 284 W. It has 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $2,300. 5 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 325. Thompso.n, p-t., Geauga co., O., 190 n. e. Co- lumbus, 349 W. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 8 sch. 338 .-^cliolars. Pop. 1,028. Thompso.v, t., Seneca co., O. It has 1 pot- tery, 2 saw m., 3 sch. 180 scholars. Pop. 1,404. Thompson, t., Delaware co., O. Situated on the w. side of Scioto r. It has 5 sch. 136 scho- lars. Pop. 660. Thompson, p-v., Warren co., Ga., 38 w. Au- gusta, 56 N. E. MiUedgeville, 615 W. A depot on the Ga. railroad. Thompson, t., Pike co., Ark. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,800. Pop. 390. Thompson'.s, p-o., Faiilieid dist., S. C, 24 n. Columbia, 506 W. Thompson's Cross Roads, po., Louisa co., Va., 53 N. w. Richmond, 102 W. Situated on the s. side of S. Anna r., and contains a Baptist church, 2 cabinet iac, and several dwellings. Tho.mpson's Store, p-o., Guilford co., N. C. Thompsontow.v, p-v., Juniata co.. Pa., 36 n. w. Harrisburg, 145 W. Situated on the Juniata r. and on the Pa. canal. It contains several stores, 55 dwellings, and about 359 inhabitants. Thompsonville, p-v., Enfield t., Hartford co., Ct., 20 N. Hartford, 333 W. Situated on Fresh- water r., at its entrance into Connecticut r., about 1 m. N. of Enfield bridge. It has a large man ufactory of carpels, with 120 looms, producing THO 656 TIC 800 yards daily. The v. contains about HUO in- habitants. Thompsonville, p-v., Thompson t., SuUivun CO., N. y., 105 s. s. w. Albany, 299 W. It con- tains 2 stores., 1 grist m., 1 carding machine and fulling m., 3 saw m., 2 tanneries, 25 dwellings, and 150 inhabitants. Thompsonville, p-o., Culpepper co., Va., 108 N. N. w. Richmond, 80 W. Thornbukg, p-v., Spottsylvania co., Va., 76 n. N. w. Richmond, 70 W. Situated on both sides of Ta r., and contains 1 Baptist church, 1 store, 1 flouring m., and 1 tannery. Thornbury, p-t., Chester co., Pa., 20 s. w. Philadelphia, 76 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 1 18 W. The surface is level ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Chester cr. and Brandywine r. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000. Pop. 230. Thornbury, t., Delaware co.. Pa., 20 vv. Phil- adelphia, 87 E. by s. Harrisburg. The surface is hilly ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Chester cr. The v., at the centre, is called Thornton. The t. has 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 grist m., 1 .saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,800. 4 sch. 104 scholars. Pop. 675. Thorn, t., Perry co., O. It has 8 stores, cap. $16,200 ; 3 tanneries, 10 sch. 270 scholars. Pop. 2,007. Thornbyvtlle, p-o., Boone co., la., 19 N. n. w. Indianapolis, 590 W. Thorndike, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 42 n. e. Au- gusta, 637 W. The surface is agreeably diver- sified ; soil, fertile, adapted to grain. Drained by a branch of Sebasticook r. Incorporated in 1819. It has 1 store, cap. $6,000 ; 3 saw m., 240 schol- ars in schools. Pop. 897. TnoRNAPPLE, t., Barry co., Mich. It has 2 sch. 40 scliolars. Pop. 99. Thorn Hill, p-o., Orange co., Va., 71 n. w. Richmond, 103 W. Thorn Hill, p-o., Walker co., Ala., 74 n. Tuscaloosa, 797 W. Thorn Hill, p-o., Grainger co., Tenn., 229 e. Nashville, 461 W. Thornton, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 52 n. by w. Concord, 533 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile, particularly on the streams. Water- ed by Pemigewasset r., and its branch. Mad r., "which crosses the s. e. corner. Mill brook has a fall of 42 feet perpendicular. Chartered in 1763 ; first settled in 1770. It has 3 stores, cap. $1,650 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $2,160. 12 sch. 435 scholars. Pop. 1,045. Thornto.v, p-v., Thornbury t., Delaware co., Pa., 87 E. by s. Harri.sburg, 121 W. Thornton, p-t.. Cook co., 111., 192 n. n. e. Springfield, 737 W. Situated on Thorn cr., in the s. E. part of the co. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 saw m., 2 sch. 44 scholars. Pop. 306. Thorntown, p-v., Boone co., la., 35 n. e. In- dianapolis, 606 W. Situated on a branch of Su- gar cr. Thornville, p-v., Thorn t.. Perry co., O., 35 E. by s. Columbus, 366 W. It contains 1 store and about 200 inhabitants. Thoroughfare, p-v., Prince William co., Va., 118 N. Richmond, 50 W. It has 2 flourhig m. in the vicinity, on Broad run, which affords good water power, and has 12 or 15 dwellings. Thousand Islands, N. Y., situated in the St. Lawrence r., a little below Lake Ontario. The American part of them belong to .lefierson co., and the remainder lie in Canada. The St. Law- rence is here from 2 to 9 ms. in width, and filled with iimumerable small rocky islets, generally covered with cedar and hemlock to the water's edge. The passage between them is sometimes so narrow as scarcely to allow a canoe to go through. The largest islands are Grand and Howe islands, in Canada, and Carlton, Grind- stone, and Wells islands, in the United States. Within the distance of 27 miles, the number is said to exceed 1,500. It was a matter of consid- erable labor to fix the boundary between the two countries at this point. Three Forks, p-o., Monongalia co., Va., 273 N. w. Richmond, 197 W. Three Forks, p-o., Wilson co., Tenn., 45 e. Nashville, 645 W. Three Forks, p-o., Barren co., Ky., 122 s. w. Frankfort, 646 W. Three Mile Bay, p-o., Lyme t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 182 Albany, 434 W. Three Rivers, p-v., Palmer t., Hampden co., Mass., 76 w. s. w. Boston, 376 W. Situated on Chicapee r., near the junction of Ware and Swift rivers, and contains a Baptist church, a cotton fac, and about 20 dwellings. Three Rivers, p-v., St. Joseph co., Mich., 145 s. w. Detroit, 593 W. Situated on St. Joseph r., between the confluence of Portage r. and Stony cr., which afford extensive vv'ater power. It con- tains 2 stores, 1 large flouring m., and 1 saw m. Boats of 30 tons navigate St. Joseph river to this place. Three Springs, p-o., Hunterdon co.. Pa., 85 s. w. Harrisburg, 129 W. Three Springs, p-o., Hart co., Ky., 106 s. w. Frankfort, 629 W. Throgs Point, Westchester t. and co., N. Y., 16 N. E. of New York city, projects from 1 to 2 ms. into the East r. Fort Schuyler, a strong for- tification, is now being erected here, to command the entrance from Long Island sound to the city of New York. Throopsville, p-v., Mentz t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 3 N. w. Auburn, 158 w. Albany, 337 W. Sit- uated on Owasco outlet, and contains 1 church, 1 store, 1 woollen fac, 1 flouring m., 1 fulling m., 1 distillery, and about 30 dwellings. Tiara, po., Montgomery co., Ala., 133 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 860 W. TicoNDEROGA, p-t., Esscx CO., N. Y., 97 N. Al- bany, 469 W. The surface on the e. is level or rolling ; on the w. hilly and mountainous. The soil is clay loam, and fertile, particularly adjoin- ing Lake Champlain, which bounds it on the e. Drained by the outlet of Lake George, and small streams flowing into Lake Champlain. The ruins of old Fort Ticonderoga are in the s. e. part, where is a convenient steamboat landing. The v. is situated on the outlet of Lake George, at the lower falls, 2 ms. w. of Lake Champlain, and contains 2 churches — 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist — 8 stores, 1 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 planing machine, 2 lath m., 1 furnace, 1 clothier's works, 1 tannery, 80 dwellings, and about 500 inhabit- ants. The outlet here has a descent of .30 feet, affording great water power, and it is navigable for lake craft to the lower part of the v. The ruins of old Fort Ticonderoga, so celebrated in the French and Revolutionary wars, are 2 miles below the v., on a point of land at the entrance of the outlet of Lake George into Lake Cham- plain, and are in full view from Lake C'hamplain, above which they are elevated about 70 feet, and are an interesting relic of former times. About 1,800 yards s. w. is Mount Defiance, rising 750 feet above the lake, and commands the fort. The view, from the summit, of Lake Champlain and the surrounding country, is extensive and beau- tiful. A ferry crosses Lake Champlain to Shore- ham, Vt. There are in the t. 8 stores, capital $26,300 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fuc, 1 furnace. TIO 657 TIP 1 forge, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 21 saw m. Cap. m manufactures $35,450. 1 acad. 50 students, 10 sch. 464 scholars. Pop. 2,169. Tiffin, p-v., Clinton t., Seneca co., O., 86 n. Columbus, 423 W. Situated on Sandusky river, and contains a court house, jail, several stores, a printing office, issuing a weekly newspaper, and about 600 inhabitants. Tiffin, t., Adams co., O. It contains West Union v., the capital of the co. It has 4 tanner- ies, 2 sch. 52 scholars. Pop. 1,540. Tiffin, t., Williams co., O. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $6,500 ; 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 322. TiFFi.NS, r., rises in Mich., and enters Ohio in Williams co., 20 miles n. of Defiance, and flows into Maumee r., 1 mile w. of that t. It is fed by lakes and springs, and affords permanent and good water power It is navigable for small craft for 50 ms. Tiller's Ferry, p-o., Kershaw dist., S. C, 58 N. E. Columbia, 35'S W. TiMBALiER, bay. La., extends n. w. from the mouth of Bayou La Fourche, 30 ms., and is from 3 to 6 ms. wide, bounded s. w. by a long and low peninsula. It has a sandy or muddy bottom, and no great depth of water. TiMBERviLLE, p-v., Rockingham co., Va., 145 N. w. Richmond, 1 18 W. Timber Ridge, p-o., Rockbridge co., Va., 140 w. Richmond, 182 W. TiNDALLSVILLE, p-v., Ansou CO., N. C, 136 s. w. Raleigh, 420 VV. Tinker Run, p-o., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 180 Ilarrisburg, 206 VV. TiNMOUTH, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 76 s. by w. Montpelier, 443 W. The surface is elevated and hilly ; soil, adapted to grazing, and arable on the streams. Watered by Furnace brook, which rises in a pond in the s. part of the t., and flows N. until it enters Otter cr., in Rutland. It affords water power. Poultney r. rises in the w. part of the t. It contains a Congregational church, and Episcopal and 3Iethodist churches are organ- ized. Iron ore and marble are found. It has 1 store, cap. $5,0(X) ; 1 tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $2,500. 8 sch. 271 scholars. Pop. 780. TiNicoM, t., Bucks CO., Pa., 37 n. Philadelphia, 12 N. E. Doylestown. The surface is partly roll- ing, partly level ; soil, sandy loam. Tohickon cr. bounds it on the s. Drained by Tinicum cr., which flows into Delaware r., which bounds it on the N. and e. It contains 2 churches. The Delaware canal passes through the t. It has 5 stores, cap. $8,100; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $3,370. 4 sch. 94 scholars. Pop. 1,770. TiNicuM, t., Delaware co., Pa., 9 s. w. Phila- delphia. It is an island, formed by Delaware r.. Darby cr., and Bow cr. The soil is a rich allu- vion, employed chiefly in grazing. It contains a spacious hospital, with a dwelling for the resident physician. Tinicum island, in the Delaware r., opposite, belongs to the t. Pop. 153. Tioga, r., rises in Pa., and flows into Steuben CO., N. Y., and unites with Conhocton r. to form Chemung r. The Corning and Blossburg rail- road passes through the valley of this r. Tioga, county, N. Y. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 490 sq. ms. Susquehan- na r. runs through its s. part. Watered by Owe- go cr. and its branches, affording water power. The surface is diversified by hills and valleys ; soil, adapted to grazing on tlie hills, and very fer- tile ui the valleys. Lumber is extensively floated down the Susquelianna r. It contains sulphur springs and a bed of marl in Spencer t. The 83 line of the New York and Erie railroad passes along the valley of the Susquehanna r. Capital, Owego. There were in 1840, neat cattle 21,576, sheep 43,220, swine 14,987 ; wheat 107,002 bush, produced, rye 4,987, Ind. corn 1 17,449, buckwheat 47,181, barley l,05S,oats 180,967, potatoes 363,198, hops 6,876 pounds, sugar 1 16,760 ; 72 stores, capi- tal $339,350 ; 13 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 15 tan- neries, 2 distilleries, 37 grist m., 259 saw m., 2 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufae. $282,394. 1 acad. 268 students, 6,814 scholars in schools. Pop. 20,527. Tioga, county. Pa. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 1,200 sq. ms. The surface consists of hills and fertile valleys; soil, well adapted to grazing. Drained by Tioga r. on the N., and Pine cr. on the s., a branch of the w. branch of the Susquehanna r. Capital, Wells- burg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 27,443, sheep 25,424, swine 11,205; wheat 8S,823 bush, produced, rye 33,694, Ind. corn 66,610, buckwheat 22,847, oats 1 10,526, potatoes 289,590, sugar 181,064 pounds; 52 stores, cap. $111,800; 4 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 13 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 2 print- ing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 flouring m., 26 grist m., 145 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manu- fae." $204,593. 1 acad. 75 students, 60 sch. 2,184 scholars. Pop. 15,498. Tioga, p-t., Tioga co., N. Y., 176 w. s. w. Al- bany, 277 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam, and very productive in the valleys. Wa- tered by Susquehanna r. and its tributaries. It has 4 stores, cap. $12,500 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 42 saw m. Cap. in manufiic. $28,800. 947 scholars in schools. Pop. 2,461. Tioga, p-t.. Tioga co.. Pa., 151 n. by w. Har- risburg, 261 W. Tlie surface is hilly ; soil, gravel and clay, and alluvion. Drained by Tioga r. and its branches. Mill cr. and brooked cr. It has 5 stores, cap. $21,100; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 17 saw m. Cap. in manu- fae $1 1,900 ; 4 sch. 130 scholars. Pop. 79 1. Tioga Centre, p-o., Tioga t. and co., N. Y., 167 w. s. w. Albany, 276 W. TioNESTA, p-t., Venango co.. Pa., 206 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 295 VV. Susquehanna r. runs on its N. w. border, by branches of which it is watered. It has 3 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 1 sch. 17 scholars. Pop. 635. TioNESTA, t., .lefferson co., Pa. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufae $1,000. Pop. 27. TiouonNioGA, r., N. Y., rises in Onondaga co., and flows s. through Cortland and Broome coun- ties, and enters Chenango r. at Chenango Forks V. It affords extensive water power. Tippah, county. Miss. Situated in the n., to- ward the E. part of the state, and contains 1,000 sq. m. Drained by llalchie. Muddy, Wolf, and Tippah creeks, and by head branches of Talla- hatchee r. and its tributaries. Capital. Ripley. There were in 1810, neat cattle 15,282, .sheep 5,034, swine 36,994; wheat 15,701 bush, produ- ced, Ind. corn 395,160, oats 9,138, potatoes 19,045, cotton 1,061,768 pounds; 17 stores, cap. $60,609; 5 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 18 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $50,730. 1 acad. 40 students, 11 sch. 267 scholars. Pop. whites 7,309, slaves 2,134, free col'd 1 ; total 9,444. Tippecanoe, r., la., has its sources in Noble and Kosciusko counties, and pursuing a circui- tous course through Fulton, Pulaski, and VVhite counties, it enters the Wabash from the n., in the N. part of Tippecanoe co. Tippecanoe, county, la. Situated n. w. of the centre, and toward the w. part of the state, and contains 504 sq. ms. The surface is undulating TIT 658 TOD with extensive level tracts, and one half of its stirface is prairie. Watered by Wabash r. and its tributary Tippecanoe r., and Wild Cat or. and its tributaries, which afford good water power. The Wabash and Erie canal passes through it. Capital, La Fayette. There were in 1840, neat cattle 15,361, sheep 18,127, swine 44,031 ; wheat 137,243 bush, produced, rye 7.58S, Ind. corn 990,160, buckwheat 1,843, oats 156,353, potatoes 27,648, sugar 67,110 pounds; 35 stores, cap. $123,350 ; 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 200 sp., 2 fulling m., 10 tanneries, 14 distilleries, 2 breweries, 12 flouring m., 6 grist m., 25 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $97,950. 2 acad. 50 students, 24 sch. 588 scholars. Pop. 13,724. Tippecanoe, p-o., Harrison cc, O. Tippecanoe, p-t., Tippecanoe co., la., 82 n. w. Indianapolis, 640 W. It has 3 sch. 79 scholars. Pop. 1,374. Tippecanoe, p-o., Macon co., Mo. Tipton, county, Tenn. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 415 sq. ms. Mis- sissippi r. bounds it on the vv. Watered by Hatchy r. and its branches, and Forked Deer r. in its n. w. part, and branches of Loosahatchy r. in its s. part. Capital, Covington. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 9,974, sheep 1,207, swine 21,851 ; wheat 12,819 bush, produced, rye 2,493, Ind. corn 359,269, oats 21,890, potatoes 26,285, tobacco 74,110 pounds, cotton 1,015,892; 2 commercial houses and 2 commission houses, cap. $15,500 ; 3 stores, cap. $20,300 ; 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 1 acad. 55 students, 7 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. whites 3,637, slaves 3,132, free col'd 31 ; total, 6,800. Tipton, p-o., Lenawee co., Mich., 63 s. w. De- troit, 518 W. Tipton, p-v., capital of Cedar co., Iowa. Sit- uated a little w. of Sugar cr., a branch of Ce- dar r., on a high rolling prairie. It contains a court house, and about 50 inhabitants. Tiptonsport, p-v., Carroll co., la., 7 n. Del- phi, 75 N. N. w. Indianapolis, 627 W. Situated on the s. e. side of Wabash r. Tiro, p-o.. Auburn t., Richland co., O., 84 n. N. E. Columbus, 402 W. Tishamingo, county. Miss. Situated in the N. E. corner of the state, and contains 1,300 sq. ms. Tennessee r. runs on its n. e. boundary. Drain- ed by Yellow and Tuscumbia creeks, and head branches of the E. fork of Tombigbee r. Capital, Jacinto. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,120, sheep 2,324, swine 22,371 ; wheat 5,130 bush, produced, Ind. corn 281,451, oats 9,223, potatoes 9,102, cotton 175,175 pounds ; 5 stores, cap. $19,400 ; 6 cotton fac, 3 tanneries, 7 grist m., 6 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $12,225. 14 sch. 301 scholars. Pop. whites 5,852, slaves 828, free col'd 1 ; total, 6,681. TisBURY, t., Dukes co., Mass., 85 s. s. e. Bos- ton, 23 s. E. New Bedford. It occupies the cen- tral part of the island of Martha's Vineyard. The surface is level, with some hills in the n. part ; soil, generally fertile. Holmes Hole, in its n. e. part, has a good harbor, and a v., which contains a Baptist and a Methodist church, and about lOJ dwellings. There are also in the t. 1 Congrega- tional and 1 Baptist church, in a v. in the w. part of the t. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $20,100; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 5 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $2,245. 1 acad. 40 students, 6 sch. 205 scholars. Pop. 1,520. Titus' Store, p-o., Cadiz t., Harrison co., O., 107 E.by N. Columbus, 291 W. Titusville, p-v., Mercer co., N. J., 8 e. Tren- ton, 167 W. Tiverton, p-t., Newport co., R. I., 13 n. e. Newport, 24 s. e. Providence, 420 W. The sur- face is gently uneven ; soil, gravelly loam, and fertile. Bounded on the w. by the e. passage of Narraganset bay, and Mount Hope bay. Its navigable waters afford great facilities for navi- gation, of which it has considerable, employed chiefly in the fisheries. It has several ponds, well stored with fish, the outlets of which afford water power. A stone bridge, 1,000 feet long, connects it with Rhode Island. It has 14 stores, cap. $10,575; 2 woollen fac, 6 cotton fac 1,600 sp., 8 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $133,900. 19 sch. 527 scholars. Pop. 3,183. Tiverton, p-t., Coshocton co., O. Organized in 1824, by the name of Union, but soon changed to its present name. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring ra. Pop. 665. Tiverton Four Corners, p-o., Newport co., R. I., 28 s. e. Providence, 424 W. TivoLi, p-v., Redhook t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 51 s. Albany, 329 W. Situated on the e. side of Hudson r., and contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 2 grist m., 1 cloth fac, 2 saw m., 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. A steam ferry-boat crosses Hudson r. to Saugerties. It has been known as Redhook Upper Landing. Tobacco Port, p-v., Caldwell co., Ky., 227 w. s. w. Frankfort, 763 W. Tobacco Port, p-v., Stewart co., Tenn., 85 w. N. w. Nashville, '765 W. It contains about 50 inhabitants. Tobacco Row, p-o., Amherst co., Va. Tobacco Stick, p-o., Dorchester co., Md. Tobeiianna, t., Monroe co.. Pa. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel and barren. Lehigh r. bounds it on the n. w. Drained by Tobehanna cr. and its branches. It has 25 saw m., 3 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 594. Tobehanna, p-o., Tyrone t., Steuben co., N. Y., 198 w. by s. Albany, 313 W. Tobehanna, r.. Pa., receives several tributa- ries, passes through a swampy country, and enters the Lehigh 2 ms. below Stoddartsville. It is capable of affording water power. Toboyne, t.. Perry co.. Pa. It has 5 stores, cap. $11,000; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,737. 10 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 1,442. Toby, t., Clarion co.. Pa., 15 n. Kittaning, 190 N. E. Harrisburg, 236 W. 'The surface is partly rolling, partly level ; soil, loam. Clarion r. bounds it on the n. and Alleghany r. on the w. Drained by Licking, Cherryrun, Catfish, and Red Bank creeks. Salt and copperas are found. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,700 ; 1 lulling m., 1 furnace, 3 tan- neries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 4 sawm. Cap. in manufac. $44,370. 4 sch. 22 scholars. Pop. 1,829. Todd, county, Ky. Situated in the s., toward the w. part of the .state, and contains 612 sq. ms. Drained by Wolf Lick fork of Muddy r., and other streams, flowing into Green r., and by Elk fork of Red r. and its branches, flowing into Cum- berland r. Capital, Elkton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,359, sheep 11,557, swine 33,405: wheat83,717 bush, pro., rye 2,609, In. corn 632,950, oats 206,065, potatoes IZfiU, tobacco 3,123,893 pounds, cotton 9,606, sugar 1 1,160 ; 18 stores, cap. $72,800; 4 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 7 flouring m., 25 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 printing office. Cap. in manufac. $43,260. 9 acad. 245 students, 16 sch. 340 scholars. Pop. wliites 6,070, slaves 3,879, free col'd 42; total 9,991. Todd, t., Huntington co.. Pa. It has 1 furnace, 1 forge, 3 gfibi m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,205. 1 sch. 56 scholars. Pop. 780. TOM 659 TOM Todd's, p-o., Spottsylvania co., Va., 79 n. Rich- mond, 78 W. Toledo, p-v., Port Lawrence t., capital of Lu- cas CO., O., 134 N. N. w. Columbus, 464 W. Sit- uated on the w. bank of Maumee r., near its en- trance into Maumee bay. It contains 41 stores, 6 warehouses, 35 mechanic shops, 2 steam saw m., 2 iron foundries, and 2 printing offices, each issuing a weekly newspaper. The number of steamboat arrivals is over 400 annually, and of schooners about 250. It is 25 ms. above Manhat- tan V. Steamboats continually ply between To- ledo and Detroit. Pop. 1,222. Toler's, p-o., Amite co., JMiss., 110 s. s. w. Jackson, 1,110 W. ToLERSviLLE, p-v., Louisa CO., Va., 54 n. w. Richmond, 97 W. Tolland, county, Ct. Situated in the n. to- ward the E. part of the state, and contains 337 ms. Surface in the w. undulating or level, in the E. hilly and mountainous ; soil, in the w. adapted to grain, in the e. to grazing. Watered by WiUimantic and Hop rivers, and their branch- es, in the e., and by Scantic, Hockanum, and Salmon rivers in the w. Its streams afford good water power. Capital, Tolland. There were in 1840, neat cattle 17,485, shecp43,65 1, swine 7,713 : wheat 7,552 bush, produced, rye 50,709, Ind. corn 87,343, buckwheat 20,105, oats 88,660, potatoes 281,090, silk cocoons 10,508 pounds; 53 stores, cap. $153,320 ; 6 furnaces, 2 forges, 17 fulling m., 19 woollen fac, 11 cotton fac. 8,622 sp., 15 tan- neries, 9 distilleries, 2 glass fac, 1 pottery, 35 grist m., 74 saw m., 3 oil m., 3 paper fac. Cap. in manufac. $931,662. 2 acad. 53 students, 124 sch. 4,880 scholars. Pop. 17,980. ToLL.\ND, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 118 w. Boston, 364 W. The surface is elevated ; soil, adapted to grazing. Farmington r. runs through its N. w. part, and on its s. w. border. Watered by branches of this r., one of which flows from a large pond, a little n. of the centre. The v. con- tains a Congregational church. There are in the t. 1 tannery, 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,200. 7 sch. 149 scholars. Pop. 627. Tolland, p-t., capital of Tolland co., Ct., 18 E. N. E. Hartford, 354 W. The surface is moun- tainous and rough ; soil, in the valleys, a warm, fertile loam. Snipsic pond, on its n. w. border, is 2 ms. long, and 100 rods wide, and has its out- let into Hockanum r. A little s. of the centre is another pond, which receives and discliarges the head waters of Hop r. The v., situated on an elevated plain, contains a court house, a jail, a bank, 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — and about 40 dwellings, many of them neat. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $13,500 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,650. 1 acad. 25 students, 12 sch. 457 scholars. Pop. 1,566. Toll Gate, p-o., Marion co., Ala., 78 n. n. w. Tuscaloosa, 829 W. ToMBiGBEE, r.. Miss, and Ala., rises in several sources in Tishamingo co., Miss., and flowing s., receives various branches, and passes Columbus, Miss., in Lowndes co., and in the lower part of the CO. it passes into Ala. ; and 60 ms. below, receives from the n. e. the Black Warrior, nearly as large as itself, at Buffport, and proceeding in a winding course s. 100 ms., it joins the Alabama r. to form Mobile r., 45 ms. above the head of Mobile bay, and about 70 ms. from the Gulf of Mexico. Its wiiole course, including it-s wind- ings, is nearly 500 ms. It is navigable for large vessels, nine months in the year, to St. Stephen's, and for steamboats to Columbus, Misa. ToMiiANNocK, p-o., Pittstowu t., Rcnsselaef CO., N. Y., 20 E. Albany, 390 W. ToMPKLNs, county, N. Y. Situated a little s. w. of the centre of the stale, and contains 5S0 sq. ms. The s. part of Cayuga and Seneca lakes extend into the co., and through them it has ac- cess to the Erie canal, and through the lakes a passage by steamboat.s. Watered by Fall and Six-Mile creeks, and Cayuga inlet, which flow into Cayuga lake, have fine falls, and afford ex- tensive water power. Tiio surface is moderately uneven ; soil, very fertile, adapted to grain and to grass. Capital, Ithaca. There were in 1840, neat cattle 28,908, sheep 86,525, swine 23,772 ; wheat 377,201 bush, produced, rye 4,579, Ind. corn 216,515, buckwheat 71,122, barley 9,104, oats 288,695, potatoes 339,557, hops 2,100 pounds, silk cocoons 200, sugar 88,747 ; 95 stores, cap. $585,450 ; 1 1 lumber yards, cap. $169,125 ; 2 fur- naces, 19 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,572 sp., 27 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 1 brewery, 1 rope fac, 8 flouring m., 30 grist m., 178 saw m., 3 oil m., 2 paper fac, 5 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac $680,933. 2 acad. 337 students, 225 sch. 12,678 scholars. Pop. 37.918. Tompkins, t., Delaware co., N. Y.,22 s. w. Del- hi, 100 s. s. w. Albany. The surface is hilly and mountainous. Drained by Moliuwk or w. branch of Delaware r. and its tributaries, and by tributa- ries of-Popacton branch of Delaware r. The line of the New York and Erie railroad passes through its s. part. It has 5 stores, cap. $18,900; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 crist m., 26 saw m. Cap. in ma- nufac. $17,705. 18 sch. 597 scholars. Pop. 2,035. Tompkins, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 91 w. De- troit, 561 W. Drained by Grand r. and its branch, Sandstone r. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manutiic. $7,200. Pop. 209. ToMPKLNSviLLE, p-v., (^astlctou t., Richmond CO., N. Y., 154 s. by w. Albany, 6 s. New York, 231 W. Pleasantly situated on the n. e. part of Staten Island, overlooking the Quarantine Ground. Steam ferry-boats connect it with New York. Incorporated in 1823, and contains 3 churches — 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 12 stores and groceries, 200 dwell- ings, and about 1,400 hi habitants. It contains a marine hospital, or lazaretto, for the reception of patients, arriving from foreign ports, afflicted with infectious or contagious diseases. It opens April 1st, and closes November 1st, annually. Tlie Marine Hospital is 177 feet long, by 49 deep, 3 stories high. It has also a yellow-fever hos- pital, 136 by 28 feet, with wings, 37 by 28 feet, 2 stories high ; and a small-pox hospital, 80 by 27 feet, 2 stories high ; and other buildings, with 30 acres of land attached ; the whole enclosed by a substantial brick wall. ToMPKLNSViLi.E, p-v.. Capital of Monroe co., Ky., 153 s. s. w. Frankfort, G48 W. Situated on a branch of Big Barren r., and contains a court house, jail, and 188 inhabitants. To.m's Brook, p-o., Shenandoah co., Va., 156 N. N. w. Richmond, 98 W. Tom's Creek, p-o., Surry co., N. C, 139 w. N. w. Raleigh, 332 W. Tom's Creek, p-o., Franklin co., Ga. Toms, r., N. J., rises by several branches in 3Ionmouth co., and flows into Barnegat bay. Tom's River, p-v., Dover t., Monmouth co., N. J., 38 s. E. Trenton, 199 W. Situated on both sides of Tom's r., 6 ms. from its entrance into Barnegat bay. A bridge across the r., 200 feet long, connects the v. It contains 1 Methodist church, 6 stores, and about 60 dwellings. Small vessels are built here, and raor« than $200,000 TOR 660 TOW worth of timber and wood are annually ex- ported. ToMsviLi-E, p-v., Chester co., S. C, 74 n. Co- lumbia, 455 W. ToNAWANDA, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 298 w. Al- bany, 392 W. The surface is level, and includes Grand Island in Niagara r. ; soil, fertile. Drained by Tonavvanda cr. The v. is situated on the e. side of Niagara r., at the junction of Tonawanda cr. and the Erie canal. From the dam here in the cr. there are outlet locks to Niagara r. It has a good harbor for steamboats and other vessels. It con- tains 1 church, 6 stores, 125 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. It has 11 stores, cap. §16,540 ; 1 brewery, 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $250,900. 4 sch. 71 scholars. Pop. 1,261. Tonawanda, cr., N. Y., rises in the s. part of Wyoming co., and flowing n. to Batavia, it turns to the N. w. and w., dividing Erie and Niagara counties, and flows into Niagara r. at Tonawanda V. For 12 ms. it constitutes a part of the Erie canal. ToNfJEDAGANA, county, Mich. Situated in the N. w. part of the peninsula, and contains about 150 sq. ms. Bounded n. by the straits of Macki- naw, and w. by Lake Michigan. Drained by small streams flowing into the lake. It is imor- ganized. TooLSBOROUGH, p-o., Louisa co., low-a. TopsFiELD, p-t, Washington co.. Me., 235 n. E. Augusta, 821 W. A considerable lake, the s. source of Mattawamkeag r., lies on its n. border. Incorporated in 1838. It has 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 188. TopsFiELD, p-t., Essex CO., Mass., 25 n. by e. Boston, 465 W. The surface is moderately un- even ; soil, fertile, particularly on the streams. Watered by Ipswich r. The v. contains an academy, 1 Congregational church, and some handsome dwellings. Boots and shoes are ex- tensively manufactured. First settled in 1639 ; incorporated in 1,650. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $6,400 ; 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $23,500. 1 acad. 104 students, 4 sch. 411 schol- ars. Pop. 1,059. TopsHAM, p-t., capital, with Wiscasset and War- ren, of Lincoln co., Me., 29 s. by w. Augusta, 571 W. Bounded s. and e. by Androscoggin r., which affords great water power, and furnishes exten- sive facilities for navigation and ship building. Lumber is largely exported. Incorporated in 1764. It contains a courthouse. It lies opposite to Brunswick, with which it is connected by a substantial bridge. It has 9 stores, cap. $23,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $116,000. 12 sch. 642 scholars. Pop. 1,883. TopsHAM, p-t.. Orange co., Vt., 23 s. e. Mont- pelier, 525 W. The surface is uneven and stony ; soil, adapted to grain and to grazing. Watered by head branches of Wait's r. It has a town house, occupied also as a church by several de- nominations. Chartered in 1761 ; first settled in in 1781 ; organized in 1790. It has 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $88,100. 18 sch. 650 scholars. Pop. 1,745. Toriut's Store, p-o., Chester dist., S. C, 65 N. Columbia, 458 W. Toronto, p-o., Vermilion co., la., 81 w. Indi- anapohs, 652 W. ToRRiNGFORD, p-v., Torriugton t., Litchfield CO., Ct., 24 w. by n. Hartford, 335 W. Situated in the e. part of the t., and contains a Congrega- tional church. ToRKiNGTON, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct.,28 \v*. by N. Hartford, 335 W. The surface is uneven; soil, adapted to grazing. Drained by Naugatuck r. and its branches. It contains 5 churches — 3 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. In its s. part is the flourishing manufacturing v. of Wolcottville, which contains 1 Congregational church, an academy, 3 stories, of brick, used also as a church by several denominations, 4 stores, a L'rge woollen fac, and about 40 dwellings. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $12,000; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 8 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $152,500. 14 sch. 416 scholars. Pop. 1,707. TossNOT Depot, p-o., Edgecombe co., N. C, 72 E. Raleigh, 259 W. It is on the Wilmington and Raleigh railroad. ToTTENs Wells, p-o., Obion co., Tenn., 140 w. by N. Nashville, 826 W. Toulon, p-v., capital of Stark co., 111. It con- tains a courthouse and a number of dwellings. Toulon, p-v., Haywood co., Tenn., 167 w. s. w. Nashville, 850 W. TowAMENSiNG, t., Montgomery co., Pa., 20 Philadelphia, 9 Norristovvn. The surface is level ; soil, red shale. Drained by Skippack and Towa- mensing creeks. It contains a church near its centre. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500 ; 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,820. 4 sch. 153 scholars. Pop. 763. TowAMENSiNG, t., Northampton co.. Pa., 87 e. N. E. Harrisburg, 194 W. The surface is a mass of mountains, three fourths of which is a desert ; soil, gravel. Lehigh r., on its w. boundary, seoa- rates it from Mauch Chunk and Lausanne town- sliips. Near its s. w. boundary is a Lutheran church. It has 6 stores, cap. $15,500; 3 lumber yards, cap. $6,200; 1 fulling m., 2 furnaces, 1 forge, 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $65,000. 5 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 1,847. TowANDA, p-t., capital of Bradford co.. Pa., 134 N. by E. Harrisburg, 244 W. The surface is hil- ly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Sugar cr., flowing into Susquehanna r., which bounds it on the E. It contains bituminous coal. The h. is situated on the w. bank of the n. branch of Sus- quehanna r., and is the capital of the co. Incor- porated in 1828, and contains a court house, jail ; 16 stores, cap. ,$64,349 ; 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspa- pers. Cap. in manufac. $18,700. 1 acad. 80 students, 1 sch. 63 scholars. Pop. 912. There are in the t., exclusive of the borough, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 grist m., 1 furnace, 3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $5,100. 4 sch. 227 scholars. Pop. 1,002. Tower Hill, p-v., S. Kingston t, Washington CO., R. I., 37 s. Providence, 396 W. It contains an Episcopal church. Towlesville, p-o., Howard t., Steuben co., N. Y., 227 w. by s. Albany, 307 W. Town Creek, p-o., Alleghany co., Md. Towners, p-o., Patterson t., Putnam co., N. Y., 95 s. by E. Albany, 292 W. Town Hill, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa. Town Llne, p-o-, Lancaster t., Erie co., N. Y., 275 w. Albany, 382 W TowNSBURV, p-o., Warren co., N. J., 65 n. n. w. Trenton, 220 W. TowNSEND, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 117 s. MontpeUer, 439 W. The surface is generally uneven, with elevated and steep hills ; soil, adapted to grazing, and producing grain, fertile, especially along the streams. Watered by West r. The principal v. contains a Congregational and a Baptist church, 3 stores, and about 40 dwellings. The Leland Classical and English school here has a brick building 54 by 36 feet, TRE 061 TRE and a large boarding house for its students. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $13,500 ; 1 full- ing m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 saw ni. Cap. in manuf'ac. $3,125. 1 acad. 156 students, 9 sch. 430 scholars. Pop. 1,345. TowNSE.ND, p-t., Middlesex CO., Mass., 41 n. w. Boston, 437 W. The surface is level or undula- ting; soil, light and indifTerent. Drained by Squanticook r., and its branches, flowing into Nashua r. The v., on the n. side of Squanticook r., contains 1 Congregational and 1 Unitarian church. There are in the t. 6 stores, capital $23,500 ; 1 cotton fac. 256 sp., 1 furnace, 2 tan- neries, 4 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,000. 1 acad. 70 students, 11 sch. 655 schol- ars. Pop. 1,892. • ToWiNSEND, p-o., Dix t., Chemung co., N. Y., 194 w. s. w. Albany, 302 W. TowNSEXD, p-t., Sandusky co., O., 102 n. Co- lumbus, 417 W. It has 4 sch. 147 scholars. Pop. 692. TowNSEND, t., Huron co., O., 3 e. Norwalk. Drained by branches of Old Woman's cr., which flows N. into Lake Erie. It has 5 sch. 137 schol- ars. Pop. 863. TowNSEND Harbor, p-v., Townsend t., Mid- dlesex CO., Mass., 39 n. w. IJoston, 435 W. Sit- uated in the e. part of the t., and contains seve- ral stores and mills, and a number of dwellings. Towi\SENDviLLE, p-o., Lodi t., Seneca co., N. York. TowNViLLE, p-o., Anderson dist., S. C, 154 w. N. w. Columbia, 559 W. Towso.XTOWN, p-v., Baltimore co., Md., 37 n. Annapolis, 47 W. It contains about 20 dwell- ings. Tracey's Landing, p-o., Anne Arundel co., Md., 24 N. Annapolis, 44 W. TRANauiLiTY, p-o., Granville co., N. C, 29 n. Raleigh, 276 W. Tra.nsylvania, p-v., Sugar Creek t., Greene CO., O., 63 w. s. w. Columbus, 461 W. Situated on Little Miami r., and was laid out in 1829. Trap Hills, p-o., Wilkes co., N. C, 173 w. Raleigh, 380 W. Trappe, p-v., Upper Providence t., Mont- gomery CO., Pa., 81 E. Harrisburg, 164 W. It contains 1 church, common to Lutherans and German Reformed, 2 stores, and about 20 dwell- ings. Trappe, p-v., Talbot co., Md., 54 e. s. e. An- napolis, 94 W. Travelers Repose, p-o., Pocahontas co., Va., 177 w. N. w. Richmond, 204 W. Travelers Rest, p-o., Greenville dist., S. C, 117 N. w. Columbia, 512 W. Travelers Rest, p-v., Dooly co., Ga., 87 s. s. w. Milledgeville, 443 W. Travelers Rest, p-o., Shelby co., Ky., 53 w. N. w. Frankfort, 521 W. Travlorsville, p-o., Henry co., Va., 200 w. s. w. Richmond, 275 W. It has 1 store, and about 30 inhabitants. Treat's Mills, p-o., Penobscot co., Me., 107 Augusta, 700 W. Tredypin, t., Chester co., Pa., 17 n. w. Phila- delphia. The surface is a gentle declivity ; soil, calcareous loam. Watered by Valley cr. It contains 2 churches, 1 acad. 9 students, 8 sch. 396 scholars. Pop. 1,715. Tremainville, p-o., Lucas co., O., 137 N. n. w. Columbus, 467 W. Tremont, p-o., Clarke co., O., 50 w. Colum- bus, 443 W. Tremont, p-v., capital of Tazewell co.. 111., 57 N. Springfield, 771 W. Situated on a pleasant prairie, and laid out in 1835. It contains a court house, jail, 3 churches, occupied by several de- nominations, 1 1 stores and groceries, 60 dwell- ings, and about 350 inhabitants. Tremont, t., Buchanan co.. Mo. Situated 1 m. E. of Platte r. It has 1 ach. 25 scholars. Pop. 539. ^ Trenton, t., Hancock co.. Me. It has 1 tan- nery, 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,400. 10 sch. 496 scholars. Pop. 1,062. Trenton, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 12 n. Utica, 96 w. n. w. Albany, 401 W. The surface is Wi- ly ; soil, clay loam, and fertile. Drained by Nine iMile and West Canada creeks, on the latter of which, in the e. part of the t., are Trenton Falls, which are the admiration of travellers. It has 10 stores, cap. $100,500; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,350. 1 acad. 160 students, 23 sell. 951 scholars. Pop. 3,178. Trenton, city, Mercer co., N. J., and capital of the state, is situated on the e. side of the Del- aware, opposite tiie falls, and is in 40° 13' n. lat. and 75° 48' w. Ion. from Greenwich, and 2° 16' e. Ion. from W. It is 10 miles s. w. from Prince- ton ; 26 s. w. from New Brunswick ; 30 n. e. from Philadelphia; 60 s. w. from New York; 166 from W. The population in 1810, was 3,003; in 1820, 3,942 ; in 1830, 3,925 ; in 1840, 4,035. Of these, 103 were employed in commerce ; 571 in manufactures and trades ; 41 in the learned pro- fessions. The city is at the head of steamboat and sloop navigation. It is regularly laid out, and has many good houses, stores, and other buildings. The villages of iMill Hill, Bloomsbury, and Lamberton, combined in the borough of South Trenton, extending a mile and a half down the Delaware, are suburbs of the city, and in a general description, should be considered as be- longing to it. In the city proper, there are a state house, 100 feet by 60, built of stone and stuccoed in imitation of granite ; it is beautifully situated on the bank of the Delaware, and com- manding a line view of the river, and the sur- rounding scenery ; a house for the residence of the governor of the state ; and 3 firc-proof offices, 2 banks, a public library, established in 1750. a lyceum, 7 churches— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episcopal, 2 Friends, 1 Methodist, and 1 African 3Iethodist ; and in South Trenton, a court house, state prison, 4 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Reformed Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic, and about 2,000 inhabitants. There were in 1840, 50 retail stores, cap. $196,300 ; 4 lumber yards, cap. $49,000; 3 tanneries, 1 breweiy, 1 pottery ; 3 paper fac. cap. $30,000 ; 1 rope walk, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 3 printing of- fices, 2 binderies, 2 weekly and 1 semi -weekly newspaper. Total cap. in manufac. $247,800. 4 acad. 104 students, 10 sch. 314 scholars. At the loot of the falls or rapids a beautiful covered bridge crosses the Delaware, 1,100 feet long, resting on five arches, supported on stone piers. The Delaware and Raritan canal, form- ing a sloop navigation from Trenton to Bruns- wick, passes through the city, and is here enter- ed by a feeder taken from the Delaware, 23 miles above the city. The canal crosses the Assun- pink creek e. of the town in a fine stone aque- duct. Above the falls the Delaware is naviga- ble for large boats as far as Easlon, which adds much to the commercial advantages of "Trenton. The New Jersey railroad passes througli the place. A company has been chartered, with a capital of $200,000, for the purpose of taking the water from the river by means of a dam and race- way, and carrying it along and below the city, with outlets for mills, which will create a very TRE 662 TRO extensive water power for manufaciuring pur- poses. The Assunpink creek also, which enters the Delaware below the city, furnishes some water power. I'his town was first settled about the year 1720. It is memorable for the " Battle of Trenton," December 25th, 1776, when 1,000 Hessians were captured by the Americans under General Wash- ington. That was a gloomy period of the revo- lutionary war, and this event contributed greatly to revive the hopes of the people. Trenton was incorporated as a city in 1792. Trenton, p-v., capital of Jones co., N. C, 21 w. by s. Newbern, 129 s. e. Raleigh, 359 W. Situated on the s. w. side of Trent r., a branch of Neuse r., and contain.s a court house, jail, and about 100 inhabitants. Trenton, p-v., capital of Dade co., Ga. Situ- ated 1 m. w. of Lookout cr., and 14 s. Tennessee r., and contains a court house, jail, and several dwellings. Trenton, p-v., Jackson co., Ala., 177 n. e. Tuscaloosa, 704 W. Trenton, p-v., capital of Gibson co., Tenn., 131 w. by s. Nashville, 814 W. Situated on the s. side of the n. fork of Forked Deer r., and con- tains a court house, jail, 2 churches, 10 stores, and about 700 inhabitants. Trenton, p-v., Todd co., Ky., 197 s. w. Frank- fort, 721 W. Trenton, p-v., Madison t., Butler co., O., 94 w. s.' w. Columbus, 484 W. It contains 151 in- habitants. Trenton, t., Delaware co., O. It was for- merly called Sunbury. It has 8 sch. 207 schol- ars. Fop. 1,188. Trenton, p-v., Knox co., 111., 105 n. n. w. Springfield, 819. Trenton, p-v., Henry co., Iowa. Trenton, p-v., capital of Grundy co.. Mo. Situated on the E. side of the E. fork of Grand r., and contains a court house, jail, and several dwellings. Trenton Falls, p-v., Trenton t., Oneida co., N. Y., 93 n. w. by w. Albany, 403 VV. Situated at Trenton falls, on West Canada cr., 22 miles above its junction with the Mohawk r. Here are 6 separate falls. The first, called the Upper, 20 feet perpendicular ; the 2d, the Cascades, 18 feet ; the 3d, the Mill dam, 14 feet ; the 4th, the High falls, which have 3 separate cascades, of 48, 11, and 37 feet; the fifth, Sherman's, 35 feet ; 6th, Conrad's, where is a mill dam. The whole descent of the stream from the top of the Upper fall to the foot of Conrad's fall is 312 feet, and the distance is about 2 ms. The ravine through which the creek passes is often 100 feet deep, with banks of stone almost perpendicular, and presents scenery wildly picturesque and beauti- ful, and when the water is high, of great grand- eur. Trenton Works, p-o., Trenton t., Delaware CO., O., 29 N. Columbus, 391 W. Trevillin's Depot, Louisa co., Va., 65 n. w. Richmond, 107 W. Trescot, t., Washington co.. Me. Bounded N. and N. w. by Cobscook bay, and s. e. by the Atlantic. It has good harbors on branches of Cobscook bay, and is well situated for navigation and the fisheries. Incorporated in 1827. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,500; 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,833. 8 sch. 282 scholars. Pop. 793. Trexlertown, p-v., Macungy t., Lehigh co.. Pa., 79 e. n. e. Harrisburg, 172 W. It contains a Lutheran church, a store, and 12 or 15 dwell- ings. Triadelpiiia, p-o., Ohio co., Va., 343 n. w. Richmond, 256 W. Triadelphia, p-v., Montgomery CO., Md., 50 w. N. w. Annapolis, 29 W. Situated on Patux- ent r., contains a cotton fac, and is surrounded by a beautiful country. Triana, p-v., Madison co., Ala., 15 s. w. Hunlsville, 142 n. n. e. Tuscaloosa, 723 W. Situated on the n. side of Tennessee r., at the mouth of Indian cr. Triangle, p-t., Broome co., N. Y., 126 w. s. w. Albany, 317 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, adapted to grazing. Drained by Ostelic and Toughnioga rivers, which here unite. It has 4 stores, cap. $15,000; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,350. 13 sch. 371 scholars. Pop. 1,692. Trice's Store, p-o.. Orange co., N. C, 35 n. w. Raleigh, 293 W. Trigg, county, Ky. Situated in the s., to- ward the w. part of the state, and contains 510 sq. ms. Tennessee r. bounds it on the w. Cum- berland river passes through it. Drained by Lit- tle r. and its branches, flowing into Cumberland r. Capital, Cadiz. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,993, sheep 8,134, swine 30,115; wheat 37,172 bushels produced, rye 4,975, Indian corn 499,255, oats 93,270, potatoes 9,387, tobacco 1,879,537 pounds, cotton 21,361, sugar 4,235; 13 stores, cap. $59,600 ; 4 tanneries, 7 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $74,100. 11 sch. 265 scholars. Pop. whites 5,614, slaves 2,052, free col'd 50 ; total 7,716. Trimble, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 150 sq. ms. Bounded N. and w. by Ohio r. Drained by Little Ken- tucky r., and small streams flowing into the Ohio r. Capital, Bedford. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,887, sheep 6,572, swine 12,054; wheat 27,571 bush, prod., Ind. corn 177,920, oats 30.557, potatoes 6,691, tobacco 385,140 pounds ; 7 stores, cap. $23,300 ; 3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 2 flour- ing m., 10 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $58,860. 8 sch. 205 scholars. Pop. whites 3,787, slaves 673, free col'd 20 ; total, 4,480. Trimble, p-t., Athens co., O., 71 s. E. Colum- bus, 354 W. Drained by Sunday cr., a branch of Hockhocking r. It has 1 grist m. Pop. 762. Trimbles Iron Works, p-o., Greenup co., Ky., 143 E. by n. Frankfort, 436 W. Trires Hill, p-v., Amsterdam t., Montgom- ery CO., N. Y., 37 N. w. Albany, 407 W. It con- tains 1 church, 2 stores, and about 20 dwellings. Triplet, p-o., Fleming co., Ky., 97 e. by n. Frankfort, 475 W. Trivoli, p-o., Peoria co., EL, 86 n. Spring- field, 802 W. Trollinger's Bridge, p-o.. Orange co., N. C, 56 w. N. w. Raleigh, 290 W. Troublesome, p-o., Rockingham co., N. C, 104 N. w. Raleigh, 281 W. Situated on Trouble- some cr., where are iron works. Trough Creek, p-o., Union t., Huntingdon CO., Pa., 93 w. Harrisburg, 137 W. The creek is formed by a n. and s. branch, which unite in the middle of the t., and forcing a passage through Terrace mountain, it enters the Raystown branch of Juniata r. The creek gives name to the post- office. Troup, county, Ga. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 430 square miles. Drained by Chattahoochee r. and several small branches, the principal of which is Yellow Jacket creek. Capital, La Grange. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,730, sheep 6,525, swine 30,996 ; wheat 63,525 bush, prod., rye 2,857, Ind. com 469,635, barley 1,363, oats 35,655, potatoes TRO 663 TRO 23,369, tobacco 1,746 pounds, cotton 2,926,043 ; 47 stores, cap. §1-44,370; 5 tanneries, 11 distille- ries, 19 flouring m., 25 grist m., 15 saw m., 1 print- ing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in mann- iac. $54,616. 5 acad. 318 students, 20 sch. 520 scholars. Pop. whites 8,632, slaves 7,023, free col'd 28 ; total, 15,733. Troupsburg, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 246 w. by s. Albany, 282 W. The surface is undula- ting ; soil, clay, and gravelly loam, adapted to grass. Drained by Cowanesque cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,500 ; 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $600. 10 sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 1,171. Troupsville, p-v., capital of Lowndes co., Ga., 271 s. Milledgeville, 886 W. Situated on the e. side of Withlacoochee r. It contains a court house, jail, and about 200 inhabitants. Trout Run, p-o., Jackson t., Lycoming co.. Pa., 108 N. Harrisburg, 218 W. Troy, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 33 n. e. Augusta, 634 W. The surface is undulating; soil, fer- tile, adapted to grain. Drained by branches of Sebasticook r., flowing into and through a large pond on its w. border. Incorporated in 1812; received its present name in 1827. It has 1 full- ing m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,675. 13 sch. 609 scholars. Pop. 1,375. Troy, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 57 s. w. Con- cord, 432 W. Drained by branches of Ashuelot r. It has 2 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,900. 1 acad. 35 students, 6 sch. 255 scholars. Pop. 683. Troy, p-t , Orleans co., Vt., 53 n. by e. Mont- pelier, 569 W. The surface is generally level ; soil, a strong loam, with fine intervales along the streams. Watered by Missisque r. and its tribu- taries, which afford good water power. The Missisque has here a fall of 70 feet, above which a rock projects 120 feet in perpendicular height, presenting an imposing spectacle. Chartered in 1792; first settled in 1800. Iron ore is found. It has 4 .stores, cap. $11,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 fur- nace, 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,350. 8 sch. 313 scholars. Pop. 856. Troy, t., Crawford co.. Pa. It has 1 store, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,000. Pop. 5.54. Troy, city, port of entry, and capital of Rens- selaer CO., N. Y. It is pleasantly situated on the E. side of Hudson r., 6 n. Albany, 151 n. N. York, 376 W. It is in 42° 44' n. lat., 73° 40' w. Ion., 3" 15' E. Ion. from W. Pop. 1810, 3,895; 1820, 5,264 ; 1830, 11,405 ; 1840, 19,334 : of these 796 were employed in commerce, 2,279 in manu- factures and trades, 208 na\'igating the ocean, rivers, &c., 218 in the learned professions. Its limits extend about 3 miles along the river, and its breadth is U miles. The plat includes an alluvial flat, somewhat raised above the level of the river, and bordered on the e. by hills of con- siderable elevation, from which descend two considerable streams, denominated Poesten Kill, and Wyant's Kill, which have romantic cataracts and cascades, and afford extensive water power for mills and machinery. The city is laid out with great regularity. The main business street, called River-street, follows the course of the river and is curved, but the other streets are straight and cross each other at right angles. There are 15 streets running n. and s., numbers of which fiill successively into River-street ; these are crossed by 19 others running e. and w. The streets are generally 60 feet wide, well paved and have good sidewalks, and are generally or- namented by trees and well lighted. The houses are mostly built of brick, and with great neatness and taste, and a nimiber of the public and private buildings are elegant. The court house is a large marble building with a fine Grecian front of the Doric order. There is a brick jail, and a county poorhouse with a farm of 200 acres. The Rensselaer Institute is de- signed to give a scientific and practical educa- tion, and the Troy Female Institute has been very celebrated. There are also several other schools of a high order. There is a Lyceum of Natural History, with a valuable library, and a cabinet of minerals and natural history ; a Young iMen's Association, with a large library, cabinet, and reading room. There are in the city 2 ex- cellent market-houses. Some of the churches are elegant buildings ; one of them, an Episcopal, is a fine specimen of the Gothic architecture. There are 18 churches — 7 Presbyterian, 3 Epis- copal, 2 Baptist, 2 Methodist, 1 Roman Catholic, 1 Universalist, 1 Friends Jleeting house, and 1 African. There are 6 banks, with an aggregate capital of $1,563,000 ; and 2 insurance compa- nies. Troy is well situated for commerce. Being at the head of tidewater on the Hudson, sloops and steamboats come to its wharves. Sixty sloops, 3 large and 2 smaller steamboats, 5 steam tow-boats, and 22 barges are engaged in the trade between this city and New York. Troy has a rich and extensive back country to the .\. and .\. E., with which it is connected by fine roads, and it also participates in the advantages of the Erie and the Champlain canals. There were in 1840, 44 commercial and 13 commi-ssion houses engaged in foreign trade, with a cap. of $2,274,621 ; 270 retail stores, cap. $944,903 ; 8 hmiber yards, cap. $206,000; 4 furnaces, 8 forges, cap. $279,000; machinery manufactured, value $17,000 ; hard- ware and cutlery, $925,400 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, cap. $50,000 ; 7 cotton fac. 35,500 sp., cap. $352,150; 7 tanneries, cap. $91,OaO; 1 distillery, 3 breweries, cap. .$110,000 ; manufac- tures of leather, cap. $489,525 ; 1 pottery, 1 rope- walk, 13 flouring m., 2 saw m., 3 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 2 binderies, 2 daily, 3 weekly, 1 semi-weekly newspaper, and 1 periodical ; 41 brick and stone, and 21 wooden houses were built, and cost $190,430. Cap. in manufac. $2,423,135. 11 acad. 446 students, 40 sch. 1,261 scholars. The water power of Troy is great. It is de- rived not only from the streams which flow from the hills on the e., but a dam with a lock across the Hudson, is not only valuable for navigation, but renders most of the water of the river avail- able for manufacturing purposes. The city is abundantly supplied with pure and wholesome water from a reservoir in the n. part of city, sup- plied from a creek, and is conveyed in iron pipes through the city, supplying not oidy families, but fountains and hydrants, from which the water can be thrown, by its pressure alone, over the highest houses. A railroad connects the city with Ballston Spa, where it joins the Schenectady railroad to Sa- ratoga. Troy was incorporated asacityin 1816. In 1820adisastrous fire swept over and destroyed the richest and most important part of the city. West Troy, Watervliet t., on the w. side of the Hudson r., though in a different county, is properly a suburb of Troy, with which it is con- nected by a bridge and two ferries. This grow- ing village was incorporated in 1836, and con- tains 800 dwelling houses, and 5,000 inhabitants. It has 8 churches; the VVatervliet bank, with a capital of $150,000; and an extensive United I States Arsenal. In the n. part of the village, the TRO 664 TRU S. branrh of the Moliawk unites with the Hud- son, and here is a hiteral canal, by which the Erie canal enters the river ; and there is a se- cond lateral canal a mile below. The waters of this s. lateral canal pass through the grounds of the Arsenal, comprising about 100 acres, enclos- ed on 3 sides by an iron fence, and in the rear by a stone wall, containing a large number of buildings ; and an extensive water power is here afTorded by the waste water of the canal, for the use of the establishment. About 200 oflicers, soldiers and workmen, are attached to the Arse- nal, and manufacture arms, and munitions of war, to the amount of $100,000 annually. The value on hand, Jan. 1st, 1841, was $1,662,230. In the yards of the Arsenal are found cannon which were captured at Saratoga and at Vorktown, and others cast in New \ork and Philadelphia during the revolution. There were in 1840, in the t. of VVatervliet, 94 stores, cap. $100,853; 4 lumber yards, cap. $73,000 ; value of machinery produced, $35,000 ; 3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, cap. $95,000 ; 2 cot- ion fac. 5,160 sp., cap. $225,000; 1 brewery, cap. $100,000 ; 1 paper fac, 2 ropewalks, 2 flour- ing m., 10 grist m., 12 saw m., 1 printing office, and 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $723,115. 13 sch. 1,600 scholars. Pop. 10,141. Troy, p-t., Bradford co.. Pa., 149 n. by k. Harrisburg, 256 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by branches of Sugar r., flowing e. to the Susquehanna r. It has 4 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 1 lulling m., 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $15,950. 1 acad. 20 students, 1 sch. 474 scholars. Pop. 1,664. Trov, p-v., capital of Pike co., Ala., 174 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 863 W. It contains a court house, jail, and about 100 inhabitants. Troy, p-v., Yalabusha co., Miss., 119 n. n. e. Jackson, 964 W. Troy, p-v., capital of Obion co., Tenn., 164 w. by N. Nashville, 846 W. Situated on a branch of Obion r. It contains a court house, jail, and about 250 inhabitants. Troy, p-t., capital of Miami co., O., 68 w. by N. Columbus, 460 W. The v. is situated on the w. bank of Great Miami r. It contains a neat brick court house, a jail, 14 stores, a printing office, and about 200 dwellings. There are in the t. 2 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 1,351. Troy, t., Athens co., O. It has 8 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 7 sch. 141 scholars. Pop. 1,056. Troy, t., Delaware co., O. It has 6 sch. 127 scholars. Pop. 838. Troy, t., Geauga co., O. It has 4 sch. 130 scholars. Pop. 1,208. Troy, t., Lorain co., O. Pop. 289. Troy, t., Richland co., O. Pop. 1,939. Troy, t., Wood co., O. It has 4 sch. 69 schol- ars. Pop. 333. Troy, p-v., capital of Perry co., la., 168 s. s. w. IndianapoUs, 687 W. Situated on Ohio r., 1 mile above the mouth of Anderson's cr. It con- tains a court house, jail, 1 church, several stores, and about 200 inhabitants. Troy, t., Fountain co., la. It has 30 sch. 407 scholars. Pop. 1,719. Troy, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 22 N. w. De- troit, 546 W. Watered by head branches of Red river. It has 3 stores, cap. $8,000. Capital in manufactures $850. 9 sch. 682 scholars. Pop. 1,482. Troy, p-v., Milwaukie co., Wis., 73 e. Madi- son, 806 W. Troy, t., Walworth co.. Wis. It has 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 432. Troy, p-v., capital of Lincoln co.. Mo., 129 e. .\. e. Jefferson City, 860 W. Formerly called Wood's Fort. It is situated on the s. w. side of Cuivre r., and contains a court house, jail, and about 300 inhabitants. Troy Furnace, p-o., Orleans co., Vt. Troy Grove, p-o.. La Salle co.. 111. Situated on Little Vermilion r., 12 ms. above its mouth. Troy Mills, p-o., Fulton co., 111., 80 n. w. Springfield, 826 W. Troy's Store, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 67 w. Raleigh, 318 W. Truago, p-v., Monguagon t., Wayne co., Mich., 32 s. Detroit, 511 W. Situated on the w. bank of Detroit r., opposite Grass island. It contains a wharf, a store, and about 10 dwellings. Truxville, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa., 129 n. E. Harrisburg, 236 W. Trum.\nsbiirg, p-v., Ulysses t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 173 w. by s. Albany, 306 W. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — a female seminary, 7 stores, 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 carriage fac, 1 furnace, 1 carding and cloth dressing fac, 125 dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. Tru!vib.\ursville, p-v., Bucks co.. Pa., 95 e. Harrisburg, 174 W. Trumbitll, county, O. Situated toward the N. E. part of the state, and contains 875 sq. miles. Drained by Mahoning r., and Musketoe, Shenan- go, Meander, and Mill crs., and by head branches of Grand r. The surface is undulating ; soil, fer- tile, adapted to grazing. It exports cattle, butter, cheese, and grain. It is the oldest county on the Connecticut Reserve, and was named in honor of Gov. Trumbull of Connecticut. The early records of the counties on the Reserve are copied from the records of this county. The Pennsyl- vania and Ohio canal, here called the Mahoning canal, passes through the county. Capital, War- ren. There were in 1840, neat cattle 48,835, sheep 77,486, swine 41,970 ; wheat 241,563 bush, prod., rye 24,858, Ind. corn 388,421, buckwheat 104,557, oats 221,262, potatoes 254,284, sugar 208,359 pounds ; 8 commission houses, capital $10,100 ; 45 stores, cap. $231,600 ; 8 fulling m., I woollen fac, 23 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 1 brew- ery, 44 grist m., 120 saw m., 3 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac $13,200. 1 acad. 179 students, 236 sch. 13,572 scholars. Pop. 33,107. Trumbull, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 5 n. Bridge- port, 59 s. w. Hartford, 2S8 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, gravelly loam, and generally fer- tile. Incorporated from Stratford in 1798. Drain- ed by Pequannock r., which enters Bridgeport harbor. It contains 4 churches — 2 Episcopal, 1 Congregational, and 1 Methodist. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Capital in manufac. $2,000. 5 sch. 142 scholars. Pop. 1,204. Trumbull, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 186 n. e. Columbus, 337 W. Organized in 1825. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,150. 3 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 433. Trumbull Long Hill, p-v., Trumbull t., Fairfield co.. Ct., 62 s. w. Hartford, 291 W. It is the first land seen from the ocean in this direction. Trundle's Cross Roads, p-o., Sevier co., Tenn., 198 e. by s. Nashville, 5U9 W. Truro, p-t., Barnstable co., Mass., 112 s. E. Boston, 513 W. By water it is only 65 ms. from Boston. It occupies the n. part of Cape Cod. It is bounded n. e. by the Atlantic, and has Cape a Cod bay on the s. e. The soil is light and sandy TUL 665 TUN with a scanty growth of vegetation. The inhab- itants derive their chief subsistence, and a very good one, from tlie lisheries. It has 4 dmrches — '2 Congregational, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Methodist. Salt is extensively mtmufacturcd. First settled in 1700, and incorporated in 1709. It has an in- let from Cape Cod bay, called Pamet r., 3 miles long, and from a half to tlA-ee fonrlhs of a mile wide. It has 16 stores, cap. f 15,700; 4 grist m. Cap. in manufac. §4,690. 1 acad. 52 students, ri sch. 567 scholars. Pop. 1,920. Truro, t., Franklin co., O. Tlie soil is gene- rally fertile. Watered by Gahannah and Black- lick crs., which afford water power. First settled from Truro in Nova Scotia. It has 1 school 25 scholars. Pop. 1,103. Truss, p-o., Jefferson co., Ala., 71 n. e. Tus- caloosa, 747 W. Tru.xton, p-t., Cortland co., N. Y., 12 n. e. Cortland, 130 vv. Albany, 327 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, calcareous gravel and argil- laceous loam. Drained by Toughnioga r. The V. contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 sash fac, 1 fur- nace, 1 tannery, 50 dwellings, and about 300 in- habitants. There are in the t. 5 stores, capital $15,400; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 5 grist m., 25 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in rnanufactm-es $39,550. 31 sch. 1,205 scholars. Pop. 3,658. Tkyon-, p-o., Rutherford co., N. C, 237 w. s. w. Raleigh, 479 \V. TucKAHOE, p-o., Jones co., N. C, 109 s. e. Raleigh, 339 W. TucKAHOE, p-o., Jefferson co., Tenn., 203 e. Nashville, 493 W. TucKAUOE Bridge, p-v., Cape May co., N. J., 76 s. Trenton, 186 W. The v. is situated on both sides of Tuckahoe cr., connected by a bridge, 10 ms. from the sea. It contains several stores, and about 20 dwellings. It exports wood and lumber. TucKASAGA, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 169 w. s. w. Raleigh, 408 W. TucKASEEKiNG, p-0., Effingham co., Ga., 142 E. s. E. Milledgeville, 664 W. Tucker's Cabi.\, p-o., Henry co., Ga., 79 w. N. w. Milledgeville, 683 W. Tuckerton, p-v., Little Egg Harbor t., Bur- lington CO., N. J., 69 s. Trenton, 192 VV. Situa- ted on Shord's Mill Branch cr., 6 ms. from Little Egg Harbor bay, from which wood-scows and flats ascend to the v. It contains 3 churches — 2 Methodist and 1 Friends — 5 stores, and about 40 dwellings. Timber and wood are exported, and salt is manufactured. It is resorted to in the summer for sea bathing. TuFTONBOROOGH, p-t., Carroll co., N. H., 44 E. by N. Concord, 525 W. Winnipiseogee lake bounds it on the s. w., and presents a fine water prospect. It has several ponds, one of which, in the N. E. part, discharges its waters into Ossipee lake. First settled in 1780 ; incorporated in 17^5. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,550. 10 sch. 415 scholars. Pop. 1,281. TuLLV, p-t., Onondaga Co., N. V., 10 s. Syra- cuse, 127 \v. by .\. Albany, 328 W. The surface is generally level ; soil, clay loam, well adapted to grazing. Drained by Onondaga creek and Toughnioga river. The v. contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 45 dwellings, and about 300 in- habitants. The t. has 3 stores, cap. $21,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,600. 9 sch. 540 scholars. Pop. 1,663. TuLLY. p-v., Lewis co., 3Io., 136 n. by e. Jef- ferson City, 905 W. 84 TuLLY, t., Marion co., O. It has 5 sch. 190 scholars. Pop. 870. TuLLY, t.. Van Wen co., O. Pop. 99. TuLLYTO.v, p-v., Greenville dist., S. C, 107 w. N. w. Columbia, 532 W. TuLLYTOWN, p-v.. Falls t., Bucks co.. Pa., 119 E. Harrisburg, 159 W. Situated 4 miles from Bristol, on the road to Trenton, and contains 1 store, and 6 or 8 dwellings. TuLLY Valley, p-o., Tully t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 131 w. by N. Albany, 332 W. Tumbling Shoals, p-o., Laurens dist., S. C, 82 w. N. w. Columbia, 508 W. TuNBRiDGE, p-t., Orange co., Vt., 32 s. s. e. Montpelier, 495 VV. The surface is uneven and broken ; soil, a deep, rich lo.am, with some inter- vales along the streams. Watered by the First Branch of White r., which affords water power. It contains 5 churches, belonging to the Congre- gationalists. Free-will Baptists, Methodists, and LIniversalists. The v. at the centre, on the First Branch of White r., contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 fulling m., and 1 trip-ham- mer works. There is a sulphur spring in the w. part of the t. There are in the t. 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,700. 1 acad. 40 students, 20 sch. 640 scholars. Pop. 1,811. TuLPEHOCKEN, t., Berks co.. Pa. The sur- face is diversified ; soil, calcareous loam and gravel, and very fertile. Drained by Northkill and Little Northkill creeks, tributaries of Tulpe- hocken cr. The Union canal passes along its s. border. It contains a church, common to Pres- byterians and Lutherans. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $4,000 ; 1 lulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 forges, 4 tainieries, 5 distilleries, 5 grist m., 6 saw in. Cap. in manufac. $10,220. Pop. 1,581. TuNKKAXNOcK, r.. Pa., rises in Jackson t., Sus- quehanna CO., at the foot of Ararat mountain, and flows s. w. through Wyoming co. into Sus- quehanna r., on the .\. side of Tunkhannock mountain. It is about 30 ms. long. Tu.VKiiANNOCK, p t., capitil of Wyoming co., Pa., 154 N. N. E. Harrihburg, 259 VV. Bounded s. w. by Susquehanna r. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile along the streams. Drained by Tunk- hannock and Meshoppen creeks. The v. is situ- ated at the mouth of Tunkhannock cr., and con- tains a court house, jail, several stores and me- chanic shops, and a nmnber of dwellings. The t. furnishes a large amount of lumber. Tunk- hannock mountain crosses it diagonally, and near the s. boundary has an elevation of 640 feet. There are in the t. 12 stores, cap. $63,1.00 ; 1 full- ing m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,560. 8 sch. 288 schol- ars. Pop. 1,93:). Tunica, coimty, IMiss. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 60J sq. ms. Mis- sissippi r. bounds it on the w. Coldwater r. passes through its .\. e. part, by branches of which, and by small streams flowing into Missis- .sippi r., it is drained. It contains several small lakes. Capital, Peyton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,863, .sheep 77, swine 2,089; wheat 436 bush, produced, Indian corn 24,210, potatoes 1,146, cotton 222 pounds; 3 commission houses, cap. $31,000; 2 breweries, 2 grist m.. 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,9.)0. 1 school 62 scholars. Pop. wliites 566, slaves 251, free cord4; total, 821. TuNNELL, p-o., Alleghany co., Md., 153 w. n. w. Annapolis, 112 W. TuNNELL, p-o., Indiana co.. Pa., 180 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 208 W. TUR 666 TUS TuNNELL Hill, p-o., Murray co., Ga., 200 n. w. Milledgeville, 621 W. Tunnell's Store, p-o., Sussex co., Del., 74 s. Dover, 161 W. TuNUNGWANT, p-o., McKean co.. Pa., 214 n. w. Harrisburg, 297 W. TuNUNGWANT MiLLS, p-0., Cattaraugus co., N. Y. Tupper's Lake, N. Y. Situated in the s. w. part of Franklin co., is 6 miles long and 2 wide, abounding with excellent trout and other fish. Tupper's Plains, p-o.. Orange t., Meigs co., O., 103 s. e. Columbus, 326 W. TuRBUT, t., Northumberland co.. Pa., 14 n. Sunbury. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam and alluvion. Drained by Delaware, War- rior, Muddy, and Limestone runs, flowing into the w. branch of Susqueiianna r., which bounds it on the w. It has 5 stores, cap. $20,500 ; 1 tan- nery, 2 distilleries, 3 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $21,550. 8 sch. 415 scholars. Pop. 3,872. TuRBUTviLLE, p-0., Turbut t., Northumber- land CO., Pa., 78 N. Harrisburg, 18S W. Turin, p-t., Lewis co., N. Y., 126 n. w. Alba- ny, 435 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, a fertile loam. Drained by small tributaries of Black r. The v. is situated on a branch of Black r., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 6 stores, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. Tliere are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $19,030 ; 2 tan- neries, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 9 saw m , 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $10,400. 16 sch. 571 scholars. Pop. 1,704. Turkey, p-o., Monmouth co., N. J., 39 e. Tren- ton, 205 VV. Turkey Cove, p-o., Lee co., Va. Turkey Cove, p-o., Burke co., N. C, 230 w. Raleigh, 460 W. Turkey Creek, p-o,, Buncombe co., N. C, 14 w. AshviUe, 271 w. Raleigh, 501 W. Turkey Foot, p-t., Somerset co.. Pa., 15 s. w. Bedford, 160 w. by s. Harrisburg, 178 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, a fertile loam. Laurel mountain is on the w. and Negro mountain on the E. boundary. Drained by Castleman's r. and Laurel Hill cr., branches of Youghiogheny r. The v. is near the s. boundary, w. of Castle- man's r. There are in the t. 1 fulling m., 2 tan- neries, 5 distilleries, 5 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,600. 2 sch. 46 scholars. Pop. 1,422. Turkey Foot, p-o., Henry co., O., 162 n. w. Columbus, 493 W. Turkey Town, p-v., Cherokee co., Ala., 128 N. E. Tuscaloosa, 721 W. Situated a little w. of Coosa r., and contains about 75 inhabitants. Turman's Creek, p-o., Sullivan co., la., 95 s. w. Indianapolis, 666 W. The cr. rises in the n. border of Sullivan co., and flows s. \v. into Wa- bash r. Turman's Ferry, p-o., Lawrence co., Ky., 164 E. Frankfort, 424 W. Turnuull, p-v., Monroe co., Ala., 127 s. Tus- caloosa, 919 W. Situated s. of Flat cr. Turner, p-t., Oxford co , Me., 30 w. s. w. Au- gusta, 586 W. Androscoggin r. flows on its e. border. Drained by a branch of Androscoggin r. The surface is pleasantly diversified ; soil, gen- erally fertile. Incorporated in 1786. It has 10 stores^ cap. $7,500 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $900 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $21,655. 1 acad. 80 stu- dents. 17 sch. 1,067 scholars. Pop. 2,479. Turner's Hill, p-o., Overton co., Tenn., 109 K. by n. Nashville, 612 W. Turner's Mills, p-o., Orange co., N. C. Turner's Store, p-o., Caroline co., Va., 37 N. Richmond, 88 W. Turner's Store, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 156 w. Raleigh, 393 W. TuRNERsviLLE, p-v., Robcrtson CO., Tenn., 36 N. N. w. Nashville, 718 W. Situated on a branch of the Sulphur fork of Red r. Turtle Creek, ^-o., Alleghany co.. Pa., 187 w. by N. Harrisburg, 213 W. The creek, from which it is named, rises in Salem t., Westmore- land CO., and flows w. 17 ms. into Monongahela r., in Alleghany co. It is navigable for canoes 10 ms. Turtle Creek, t., Shelby co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,200 ; 1 saw m., 4 sch. 84 scholars. Pop. 746. Turtle Creek, t., Warren co., O. It has 15 sch. 1,090 scholars. Pop. 4,947. TuscAHOMA, p-o., Washington co., Ala., 112 s. s. w. Tuscaloosa, 930 W. TuscAHOMA, p-v., Tallahatchie co.. Miss., 117 N. Jackson, 986 W. Situated on the s. side of Yallabusha r., and contains about 75 inhabitants. Tuscaloosa, r., Ala., called also the Black Warrior r., which answers to the Choctaw Indian name, Tuscaloosa. It rises from 2 branches — Locust fork, the E. branch, and Mulberry r., the w. branch. The former rises in Blount co., 20 miles s. of Tennessee r. Mulberry r., which, though shorter, is larger, rises in Lawrence and Walker counties. They unite on the boundary of Jeflferson and Tuscaloosa counties, and become the Black Warrior r., which, flovving by Tusca- loosa, unites with the Tombigbee r. in the s. part of Greene co. It is navigable for steamboats to Tuscaloosa, 400 ms. above Mobile, by the course of the r. Tuscaloosa, county, Ala. Situated a little n. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 1,350 sq. miles. Drained by Black Warrior r. and its branches, and by Sipsey r., a branch of Tombig- bee r. The soil is very fertile. Capital, Tusca- loosa. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,163, sheep 3,159, swine 21,160 ; wheat 17,958 bushels produced, rye 1,3.52, Indian corn 348,232, oats 16,105, potatoes 16,863, cotton 2,576,002 pounds ; 31 stores, cap. $S,000 ; 4 tanneries, 1 distillery, 5 potteries, 1 flouring m., 24 grist m., 20 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $13,500. 4 acad. 319 students. Pop. whites 9,943, slaves 6,554, free col'd 86 ; total, 16,583. Tuscaloosa, city, capital of Tuscaloosa co., Ala., and of the state, 160 s. s. w. Huntsville, 355 N. Mobile, by course of river, 818 W. Situated on the s. E. side of Black Warrior or Tuscaloosa r., at the lower iiills, on an elevated plain, at the head of steamboat navigation on the r., 256 miles N. Mobile by land. It contains a handsome state house, a court house, jail, a U. S. land office, 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — a masonic hall, Washington anil La Fayette academy, an atheneum for young ladies, a lyceum for boys, the Alabama Institure, a lunubcr of stores, and 1,949 inhabitants. The streets are spacious, crossing each other at right angles, and the stale house stands in the centre of a public square. About 1 mile E. stand the halls of the University of Alabama, which was founded in 1828, has a president and 7 professors, or other instructors, 63 alumni, 4 of whom have been ministers of the gospel, 60 .students, and 6,000 vols, in its libraries. The commencement is on the Wednesday after the first Monday in December. Tuscarawas, r., O., is the main branch of Muskingum r. above Coshocton v. It rises in the s. w. part of Portage co., and flows s. and s. TUS 667 TYL w. until it unites with the VValhonding at Coshoc- ton V. to form Muskingum r. It is about 80 ms. long above the junction, and is navigable for boats of 7 or 8 tons, in high water, to New Phil- adelphia. Tuscarawas, county, O. Situated centrally in the k. part of the state, and contains 635 sq. tns. Drained by Tuscarawas river, and Sandy, Conoton, Stillwater, and Sugar creeks. Settled in 1803, or 1804, principally by Germans from w. Pennsylvania. The soil is fertile. Capital, New- Philadelphia. There were in J 840, neat cattle 17,448, sheep 32,725, swine 26,535 ; wheat 332,028 bush, produced, rye 29,120, Indian corn 265,973, buckwheat 30,278, barley 1,319, oats 283,235, potatoes 108,296, tobacco 15,000 pounds, sugar 100,409 ; 22 commission houses, capital §56,400 ; 57 stores, cap. $105,450; 2 fulling m., 17 tanner- ies, 6 distilleries, 2 potteries, 7 llouring m., 30 grist m., 71 saw m., 2 oil m., 1 printing oflicc. Cap. in raanuliic. $175,250. 143 sch. 9,866 schol- ars. Pop. whites 25,560, free colored 71 ; total, 25,631. TuscAUAWAS, p-v., Warwick t., Tuscarawas CO., O., 108 E. Columbus, 315 W. Situated on Tuscarawas r. and the Ohio canal, and contains several stores and about 100 inhabitants. Tuscarawas, t., Coshocton co., O. It has 9 stores, cap. $12,700; J furnace, 1 flouring m., 2 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $83,300. Pop. 455. Tuscarawas, t.. Stark co., O. It has 4 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 1,792. Tuscarora, cr., N. Y., rises in Steuben co. and flows e. into Canisteo r. Tuscarora, p-o.. Sparta t., Livingston co., N. Y., 249 w. Albany, 346 W. Tuscarora, v., Lewiston t., Niagara co., N. Y., 3 E. Lewiston. It is an Indian v., and con- tains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, and about 300 inhabitants, and consists of the rem- nant of a powerful tribe who emigrated about 70 years since from N. C. and joined the Five Nations, well known in the early history of the country, constituting a sixth tribe, afterward denominated the Six Nations. An English school is attached to the V. Tuscarora, mts., Schuylkill co., Pa., lie on the line between Rush and West Penn town- ships, and constitute the w. continuation of Mauch Chunk mt. They abound in anthracite coal, many veins of which have been recently opened. Tuscarora, cr.. Pa., commences in Tell t., Huntingdon co., and flows about 35 ms. n. e., to its entrance into Juniata r. Tuscarora, t., Bradford co., Pa. Watered by Tuscarora creek. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,900. 3 sch. 112 scholars. Pop. 1,020. Tuscarora, t., Juniata co., Pa. Population 1,018. Tuscarora, p-v.. Rush t, Shuylldll co.. Pa., 16 N. E. Orwigsburg, 75 n. e. Harrisburg, 185 W. Situated on the w. side of Tuscarora mt., at the head of the main branch of Juniata r. It has 12 or 15 dwellings, most of them small, inhabited chiefly by miners. Tuscarora, p-o., Lee co., Iowa. Tuscarora Valley, p-o., Juniata co.. Pa., 55 N. w. Harrisburg, 139 W. Tuscola, county, Mich. Situated in the e. part of the peninsula, and contains 800 sq. ms. Bounded n. w. by Saginaw bay of Lake Huron. Drained by Cass r. and its branches. It is un- organized. Tuscola, p-t., Livingston co., Mich. It has 2 sch. 44 scholars. Pop. 247. Tuscola, t., Saginaw co., Mich. It has 1 saw m. Pop. 55. TuscuMuiA, p-v., Franklin co., Ala., 66 w. Huntsville, 129 n. by w. Tuscaloosa, 782 W. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Method- ist, and 1 Campbellite — 2 male and 2 female semi- naries, 16 stoics of different kinds, 1 iron foundry connected with the railroad, 200 dwelliugs, and about 2,000 inhabitants. A railroad extends from I his place to Uecatur, on Tennessee r., for the purpose of passing the Muscle Shoals in that r. A most extraordinary .spring here flows from a large fissure in a limestone rock, which discharges 20,000 cubic feet of water per minute, and it flows a considerable stream, 2i ms. to Tennes- see r. The inhabitants are .supplied with water from this spring, and the depth of the stream is 8 feet where it i^^sues from the rock. TuscuMBiA, p-v., capital of Miller co.. Mo., 35 s. vv. Jefi'erson City, 971 W. Situated on the n. w. side of Osage r., and contains a court house, jail, and about 50 inhabitants. TusKEGEE, p-v., capital of Macon co., Ala., 152 E. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 799 W. Situated on a branch of Tallapoosa r., and contains a court house, jail, and about 500 inhabitants. TuTHiLL, p-v., Sliawangunk t., Ulster co., N. Y., 81 s. s. w. Albany, 305 W. It contains 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 fulling m., and a number of dwellings. Twelve Mile, p-o., Pickens dist., S. C, 135 w. N. vv. Columbia, 530 W. Twelve Mile, t., Madison co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 24 scholars. Pop. 412. Twelve Pole, p-o., Cabell co., Va., 363 w. by N. Richmond, 406 W. Twenty Mile Stand, p-o., Deerfield t., War- ren CO., O., 10 s. \v. Lebanon, 100 w. s. w. Co- lumbus, 473 W. Twiggs, county, Ga. Situated near the centre of the state, and contains 410 sq. ms. Ockmul- gee r. bounds it on tlie s. w., by small branches of which it is drained. Capital, Marion. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,401, sheep 2,013, swine 22,236 ; wheat 14,743 bush, produced, ryo 2,519, Ind. corn 329,528, oats 14,024, potatoes 16,325, cotton 3,257,339 lbs. : 1 commercial house, cap. $150,000; 10 stores, cap. $25,000 ; 9 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,750 ; 1 college 29 students, 3 acad. 249 students. Pop. whites 4,214, slaves 4,163, free col'd 43 ; total, 8,422. Twi.NSBURG, p-t.. Summit co., O., 142 n. E. Columbus, 300 W^. Named from twin brothers, who first settled here in 1827. The soil is fertile. Drained by Tinker's cr., which atl'ords water power, and flows into Cuyahoga r. The v. con- tains 2 churches, 2 stores, and several mills and mechanic shops. There are in the t. 1 acad. 70 students, 8 sch. 205 scholars. Pop. 1,039. Twin, t., Darke co., O. Situated in the s. w. corner of the co. Pop. 1,030. Twin, t., Ross co , O. Pop. 2,195. Twin, t., Preble co., O. Pop. 1,675. Twitciiell's Mills, p o., Pope co.. III., 223 s. s. e. Springfield, 791 W. Situated on Big cr. Two Taverns, p-o., Adams co.. Pa., 40 s. w. Harrisburg, 80 W. TwYMANs Store, p-o., Spottsylvania co., Va., 81 N. Richmond, 93 VV. Tye River Warehouse, p-o.. Nelson co., Va., 100 w. Richmond, 166 W. Tyler, county, Va. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 855 sq. ms. Ohio r. bounds it on the n. w. Drained by Fishing and Middle Island creeks, which flow w. into Ohio r. The surface is very uneven and rough; soil, strong and productive. Capital, Middleboum. ULS 66? ULS There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,2fi5, sheep 11,617, swine 12,854; wheat 52,730 bush, pro- duced, rye 1.375, Ind. corn 223,079, oats 57,535, potatoes 34,510, tobacco 1,116 pounds, s-ugar 46,995; 13 store.i, cap. $29,100; 3 tanneries, ] distillery, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 14 grit-t m., 18 saw m. Cap. in inanufac. f41,53C). 13sch. 4!6 scholars. Pop. whites 6,854, slaves 85, free col'd 5 ; total, 6,954. Tyler, p-o., Winnebago co., 111. Tyler, p-o., JetFerson co., O. TvLERSviLLE, p-o., Warren co., III. Tylersville, p-o., Caddo par., La. Tyler, p-o., Eaton co., Mich. Tymochtee, cr., O., a considerable w. branch falling into Sandusky r., 8 ms. below Upper San- dusky. Tymochtee, p-t., Crawford co., O., 73 n. Co- lumbus, 430 W. Watered by tributaries of San- dusky r. It has 8 sch. 642 scholars. Pop. 1,625. Tyngsboroogh, p-t., 3Iiddlesex co., Mass., 8 N. w. Lowell, 28 n. w. Boston, 440 W. Merri- mac r. flows through it from n. w. to s. e. The V. is situated on the s. w. side of Merrimac r., and contains a Congregational churcii and grammar school. Incorporated in 1789. Granite is quar- ried on the banks of the r., and exported from this t. and Chelmsford adjoining. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 7 sch. 277 scholars. Pop. 870. Tyre, p-t., Seneca co., N. Y., 171 w. Albany, 347 W. The surface is level ; soil, sandy and calcareous loam. Drained by Clyde r., flowing into Seneca r. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 6 sch. 391 scholars. Pop. 1,506. Tyree Spri.\gs, p-o., Sumner co., Tenn., 20 N. E. Nashville, 699 W. Tyri.vgham, pt., Berkshire co., Mass., 130 w. Boston, 369 W. Watered by branches of Housa- tonic r., one of which flows from a pond in its s. E. part. It contains a Congregational, a Baptist, and a Methodist church, and a society of Shakern. It has 4 stores, cap. $9,400 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tan- nery, 1 paper fac, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in inanufac. $53,750. 15 sch. 407 scholars. Pop. 1,477. TvRiNGiiAM South, p-o., Tyringham t., Berk- shire CO., Mass., 125 w. Boston, 364 W. Tyrone, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 202 w. by s. Albany, 310 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay and calcareous loam, adapted to grain. Drained by Mud cr. The v. contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 6 stores, 1 grist ra., 1 tannery. 50 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $21,000; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $5,300. 12 sch. 630 scholars. Pop. 2,122. Tyrone, t., Fayette co., Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $6,000 ; 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 5 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $14,550. 7 sch. 270 scholars. Pop. 1,189. Tyrone, t., Adams co.. Pa., 10 n. e. Gettys- burg. The surface is level ; soil, red shale and gravel. Bermudian cr. runs on its e., and Cone- wago cr.on its s. border. It contains Heidelburg V. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $2,200 ; 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 1 gi-ist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,950. 6 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 756. Tyrone, t., Perry co., Pa. The surface is mountainous ; soil, in the valleys, calcareous loam, with gravel and slate on the hills. Drain- ed by Sherman's cr. and its branches. It has 9 stores, cap. $33,800; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 furnaces, 5 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 3 potteries, 3 flouring m., 4 grist rn., 11 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $44,716. 13 sch. 640 scholars. Pop. 2,391. Tyrone, t., Huntington co., Pa. It has 4 stores, cap. .$20,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 forges, 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,795. 6 sch. 331 scholars. Pop. 1,226. Tyrone, p-t., Livingston co., Mich., 61 w. n. w. Detroit, 583 W. Drained by branches of Shiawassee r. It has 3 sch. 87 scholars. Pop. 394. Tyrone, p-v., Wilkes co., Ga., 69 n. e. Milledge- ville, 579 W. Tyson Forn.\ce, p-o., Windsor co., Vt. Tyson's Store, p-o., Moore co., N. C, 56 s. w. Raleigh, 344 W. Tyrrel, county, N. C. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 740 sq. ms. Bounded on the N. by Albemarle sound, and e. by the At- lantic, along the coast of which are Roanoke and several other islands belonging to it. The surface is level and low, and in some parts liable to sub- mersion. Drained by Alligator r. and its brandies, which enters Albemarle sound by a broad estua- ry. Capital, Columbia. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,133, sheep 1,947, swine 8,540 ; wheat 8,083 bush, produced, Ind. corn 108,641, oats 2,5 17, potatoes 21,704, rice 20,335 pounds, cotton 22,963 ; 22 stores, cap. $42,250; 69 tanneries, 16 distiller- ies, 6 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,400. Pop. whites 3,160, slaves 1,411, free col'd 86; total, 4,675. Tywapity, t., Scott CO., Mo. It has 3 sch. 71 I scholars. Pop. 1,058. u. UcHEE, p-v., Russell CO., Ala., 194 e. ,s. e. Tus- caloosa, 781 W. UcHEE Anna, p-v., capital of Walton co., Flor. Situated on the w. side of a branch of Choctaw- liatciiie r., and contains a court house, and about 50 dwellings. It is surrounded by a fertile country. Udina, p-o., Kane co.. 111., 204 n. n. e. Spring- field, 757 W. Ufaula, p-v., Randolph co., Ga., 178 s. w. Mil- ledgeville, 819 W. Situated on the e. side of Chattahoochee r. Uharkk, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 112 w. Ra- leigh, 386 W. Ulricksville, p-o.. Mill t., Tuscarawas co., O., 110 E. N. e. Columbus, 309 W. Ulster, county, N. Y. Situated toward the s. E. part of the state, and contains 1,096 sq. ms. The Shavvangunk and Cattskill mountains cover a considerable portion of its surface; soil, adapted to grazmg. The valleys along its streams are extensive, and very fertile. Watered by Ron- dout, Wallkill, Esopus, and Shavvangunk creeks, which afford good water power. Limestone is extensively found. The Delaware and Hudson canal terminates at Eddyville, on Rondout cr., 3 ms. from Hudson r., after having passed in a n. e. direction through the s. part of the co. Capi- tal, Kingston. There were in 1840, neat cattle 38,459, sheep 50,840, swine 46,228 ; wheat .57,877 bush, produced, rye 168,809, Ind. corn 161.805, buckwheat 108,087, otits 223,133, potatoes 264,698, sugar 28,945 pounds ; 4 commission houses, cap. $21,000; 146 stores, cap. $46S,500 ; 21 lumber yards, cap. $22.900 ; 1 furnace, 12 forges, 8 full- ing m., 11 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 2,136 sp., 33 tanneries, 1 powder m., 2 glass fac, 2 potteries, 2 flouring m., 42 grist m., 130 saw m., 2 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $644,519. 1 acad. 35 students, 165 sch. 8,830 scholars. Pop. 45,822. UNI 669 UNI Ulster, p-t., Bradford co., Pa., 142 n. by e. Harrisburg, 252 W. The Susquehanna r. bounds it on the E. It has 4 stores, cap. $10,000; 1 grist m , 6 saw m. Cap. in inanufac. $0,723. 5 sch. 205 scholars. Pop. 1,053. Ulster, v., Ulster CO., N. Y. (See Saugerties.) Ur.STERviLLE, p-o., Sliavvangunk t., Ulster co., N. Y., 94 s. s. w. Albany, 292 VV. Ultima Thule, p-o., Sevier co.. Ark., 167 w. s. w. Little Rock, 1,232 W. Situated on a branch of Little r. Ulysses, t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 8 n. w. Itliaca. The surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile gravelly loam. Drained by small streams flowing into Cayuga lake, which bounds it on the e. It has 15 stores, cap. $144,300 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 3 savvm. Cap. in manufac. $18,993. 14 sch. 895 scholars. Pop. 2,976. Ulysses, p-t., Potter co.. Pa., 183 N. N. w. Har- risburg, 293 W. Pop. 371 Umb.\gog, lake, i\. H. and Me. This lake lies on the boundary between N. H. and Me., and is about 18 ms. long and 10 wide, at its greatest width. Its outlet constitutes a considerable branch of Androscoggin r., which it enters in Errol t. It is a beautiful sheet of water, surround- ed by picturesque scenery. Unadilla, r., rises in Oneida co., and flowing in a s. direction, it enters Susquehanna r. It is about 50 ms. long, and aflTords extensive water power. Unadilla, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 94 w. by s. Albany, 334 W. The surface is hilly, and to a degree broken, but has rich alluvial flats. The soil is generally a fertile loam, adapted to grass. Drained by Unadilla and Susquehanna rivers. The V. is situated on the n. side of Susquehanna r., and contains an Episcopal church, 8 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tobacco fac, 100 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $36,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,676. 11 sch. 426 scholars. Pop. 2,272. Unadilla, p-t., Livingston co., Mich., 95 w. n. W. Detroit, 551 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. The v. is situated on portage r., and contains a store and 2 saw m. There in the t. 1 store, cap. 2,000 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,000. 4 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 643. Unadilla Centre, p-o., Unadilla t., Otsego CO., N. Y., 100 w. by s. Albany, 337 W. LTnadilla Forks, p-v., Plainfield t., Otsego CO., N. Y.. 84 w. by s. Albany, 369 W. Situated at the junction of the e. and w. branches of Una- dilla r. It contains 2 churches, 2 stores, 1 flour- ing m., 1 oil m., 1 saw m., 2 fulling m., a machine shop, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. Uncasville, p-v., Montville t.. New London CO., Ct., 45 s. e. Hartford, 359 W. Situated on the Reservation of the Mohegan Indians, on the road from Norwich to New London, of both of which it commands a view. It contains a chapel, a school house, and a house for a teacher. The United States contributed $500 toward the erec- tion of the house, and have allowed §400 annu- ally for the support of a teacher. The school consists of about 20 scholars. Underhill, p-t., Chittenden co., Vt., 15 n. e. Burlington, 56 n. w. 3Iontpelier, 532 W. The surface is very uneven ; soil, adapted to grazing. Drained by head branches of Brown r. Char- tered in 1763, first settled in 1786. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000; 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,000. 8 sch. 370 scholars. Pop. 1,441. Unika, mts., a name given to that portion of the Alleghany ransje which separates Tennessee from N. C, and which lies s. w. of Tennest;ee r. Union, county. Pa. Situated near the centre of the state, and contains 520 sq. ms. The sur- face is hilly and mountainous ; soil, very fertile. Susquehanna r. and its w. branch bounds it on the E. Drained Ijy Buffalo, Penn's, Middle and W. 3Iahantango creeks. Capital, New Berlin. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,605, sheep 18,196, swine 16,.578, wheat 310,010 bush, pro- duced, rye 135,387, Ind.corn 172,191, buckwheat 24,461, barley 965, oats 263,501, potatoes 107,570, tobacco 8,000 pounds ; 51 stores, cap. §232,200 ; 13 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 furnaces, 1 bloomery, 24 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 2 breweries, 8 pot- teries, 13 flouring m., 32 grist m., 75 saw m., 6 oil m., 6 printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $224,940. 2 acad. 45 students, 49 sch. 2,540 scholars. Pop. 22,787. Union, district, S. C. Situated in the n., to- ward the w. part of the stale, and contains 650 sq. ms. Broad r. bounds it on the e., and En- noree r. runs on its s. w. border. Drained by Tyger and Pacolet rivers and their branches. Capital, Unionville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 17,063, sheep 7,53.5, swine 32,215; wheat 61,661 bush, produced, rye 1,578, Ind. com 757,319, oats 63,405, potatoes 23,930, cotton 1,612,524 pounds; 25 stores, cap. $129,750; 2 smelting houses, producing gold to the value of .$9,375 ; 7 tanneries, 15 distilleries, 5 flouring in., 20 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,800. 6 acad. 240 students, 32 sch. 738 scholars. Pop. whites 10,485, slaves 8,354, free col'd 97 ; total, 18,936. Union, county, Ga. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains about 600 sq. ms. Drained by lliawassee r. and its branches. The surface is uneven. Capital, Blairsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,051, sheep 2,523, swine 11,235; wheat 7,343 bush, produced, rye 2,071, Ind. corn 129,340, oats 8,005, poUitoes 8,788, tobacco 6,022; 2 .stores, cap. $3,750; 1 tannery, 9 distilleries, 15 grist m., 6 saw m. Pop. whites 3,005, slaves 87 ; total, 3,152. Union, parish. La. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 1,200 sq. ms. Washita r. bounds it on the e. Watered by De Arbonne r. and its branches, and other branches of Washita r. Capital, Farmersville. It had in 1840, 6 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. whites 1,273, slaves 503, free col'd 2 ; total, 1,838. Union, county, Ky. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 450 sq. ms. Bounded n. and w. by Ohio r., and s. e. by Tradewater cr. Drained by Highland cr. and its branches, and by branches of Tradewater cr. Capital, Morganfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,059, sheep 6,302, swine 26,209; wheat 33,624 bush, produced, rye 2,004, Ind. corn 495,595, oats 58,441, potatoes 8,338, tobacco 612,153 pounds, cotton 6,156; 23 stores, cap. $115,850; 1 woollen fac, 8 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 flouring in., 27 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 oil in. Cap. in manufac. $30,750. 1 acad. 60 students, 5 sch. 117 scholars. Pop. whiles 4,909, slaves 1,728, free col'd 36 ; total, 6,673. Union, county, O. Situated a little n. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 450 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Darby's cr., and other small branches of Scioto r. The surface is level ; soil, very fertile. Capital, Marysville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,677, sheep 9,349, swine 14,844 ; wheat 57,972 bush, produced, rye 2,911, Ind. corn 289,607, buckwheat 2,366, oats 79,6 SO, potatoes 18,932, tobacco 6,361 pounds, sugar 759,130 ; 20 stores, cap. $31,700; 1 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 6 saw in. Cap. in manufac. $19,250. 55 sch. 1,738 schol- ars. Pop. 8,422. UNI 670 UNI Union, county, la. Situated in the e. toward the s. part of tlie state, and contains 163 sq. ms The surface is gently rolling ; soil, fertile. Drain- ed by the e. fork of Whitewater r. and its tribu- taries, which afford water power. Capital, Lib- erty. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,'J-15, sheep 14,169, swine 23,271 ; wheat 80,890 bush produced, rye 3,052, Ind. corn 512,340, oats 136,027, potatoes 9,312, sugar 61,364 pounds; 20 stores, cap. $43,350 ; 5 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 125 sp., 6 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 6 flouring m., 12 grist m., 21 saw m., 3 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $77,285. 19 sch. 646 scholars. Pop. 8,017. Union, county, III. Situated toward the s. part of the .«tate, and contains 380 sq. ms. The surface is hilly ; soil, fertile, particularly on the Mississippi, which runs on its w. boundary. Drained by Cash r. and Clear cr. Capital, Jonesboro'. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,620, sheep 4,769, swine 22,268 ; wheat 26,898 bush, produced, Ind. corn 310,559, oats 52,913, potatoes 13,708, tobacco 3,002 pounds, sugar 7,464 ; 15 stores, cap. $53,400 ; 3 tanneries, 15 distille- ries, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 20 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. ¥17,509. 1 acad. 30 stu- dents, 12 sch. 387 scholars. Pop. 5,524. Union, county. Ark. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 2,600 sq. ms. Drained by Washita r. and its branches. Capital, Union C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,295, sheep 789, swine 9,099; wheat 1,098 bush, pro- duced, Ind. corn 111,365, oats 1,765, potatoes 10,021, cotton 404,599 lbs. ; 6 stores, cap. $38,600 ; 20 grist m., 2 saw m., 4 sch. 64 scholars. Pop. •whites 1,981, slaves 906, free col'd 2 ; total, 2,889. Union, p-t., Lincoln co., Me., 31 s. e. Augusta, 616 W. The surface is gently uneven; soil, fertile, adapted to grain. Drained by St. George and Muscongus rivers. Incorporated in 1786. It has 6 stores, cap. $16,300; 3 fulling m., 1 paper fac, 4 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manulac. $23,387. 13 sch. 722 scholars. Pop. 1,784. Union, p-o., Carroll co., N. H., 41 n. e. Con- cord, 522 W. Union, p-t., Tolland co., Ct., 35 n. e. Hartford, 371 W. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, loam and gravel, moderately productive. Quin- nebaug r. ri.ses in 2 ponds in this t., and Masha- paug, one of them, contains 800 acres. Drained by head branches of Wiilimantic r. It contains 1 Congregational and 1 Methodist church. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,000. 6 sch. 163 scholars. Pop. 669. Union, p-t., Broome co., N. Y., 146 w. s. w. Al- bany, 288 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, a fer- tile gravelly loam, adapted to grass. Drained by Nanticoke, and other tributaries of Susquehanna r., which bounds it on the s. The v. is situated on the N. side of Susquehanna r., and contains 1 Presbyterian church, 7 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 60 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 28 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,000. 1 acad. 65 students, 23 sch. 981 scholars. Pop. 3,165. Union, p-t., Essex co., N. .T., 6 s. w. Newark, 48 N. E. Trenton, 214 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, red shale, well cultivated. Watered by Elizabeth and Rahway rivers. It contains the V. of Union, or Connecticut Farms, which has 1 Presbyterian church, 2 stores, and about 30 dwell- ings. There are in the t. 2 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 acad. 18 students, 5 sch. 183 scholars. Pop. 1,482. Union, t., Gloucester co., N. J. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,300. Cap. in manufac. $600. 3 sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 1,074. LInion, t., Berks co., Pa. The surface is very iiilly ; soil, sterile gravel. Schuylkill r. runs on its n. boundary. Drained by Mill, French, and Sixpence creeks. It has 4 stores, cap. $7,568 ; 1 furnace, 2 forges, 1 tannery, 1 llouriiig m., 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manulac. $2,200. Pop. 1,272. Union, t., Erie co.. Pa., 22 s. e. Erie. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam, adapted to grazing. Drained by the s. branch of French cr. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,000. 6 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 593. Union, t., Huntingdon co.. Pa., 15 s. Hunting- don. It is surrounded by mountains, with Plank Cabin valley intervening. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,800 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist ra., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $.3,440. 1 sch. 27 scholars Pop. 817. Union, t., Bedford co.. Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500; 1 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 dis- tillery, 1 flouring m., 1 .saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,975. 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 1,029. Union, t., Luzerne co.. Pa. The surface is very uneven ; but much of it is capable of culti- vation. Drained by Hemlock, Shickshinny, and Himtington creeks. The North Branch canal passes through the t. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,750 8 sch. 2S5 scholars. Pop. 1,242. Union, t., Washington co., Pa. It has 1 dis- tillery, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 858. LTnion, t., Mifflin co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $11,500; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,405. 8 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. 1,221. Union, t., Schuylkill co., Pa. It has 3 flouring m., 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,000. Pop. 906. Union, t., Fayette co., Pa. Drained by Red- stone cr. and its branches. Iron ore is abundant. It has 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 7 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $12,782. 9 sch. 405 scholars. Pop. 2,723. Union, t.. Union co.. Pa. Bounded by Sus- quehanna r. and its w. branch. The surface is mountainous ; soil, calcareous loam. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 dis- tilleries, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 5 saw m., 2 oil ra. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. Pop. 1,630. Union, p-v., capital of Monroe co., Va., 229 w. Richmond, 266 W. It contauis a court house, jail, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 4 stores, 2 tanneries, and about 600 inhabitants. Union, p-v., Randolph t., Montgomery co., O., 12 N. w. Dayton, 75 w. by s. Columbus. It con- tains 2 stores, several mechanic shops, 35 dwell- ings, and about 200 inhabitants. VVithin half a m. are 4 grist m., 1 carding machine, and 3 gun- smiths' shops. Union, t., Allen co., O. It has 2 sch. 35 scho- lars. Pop. 669. Union, t., Belmont co., O. The soil is very fertile. Drained by Stillwater cr., which affords water power. The national road runs e. and w. through this t. It has 5 sch. 134 scholars. Pop. 2,126. Union, t.. Brown co., O. It contains Ripley and Levana villages. Bounded s. w. by Ohior. Watered by Red Oak and Eagle creeks. It has 1 college, 22 students, 1 acad. 45 students, 4 sch. 190 scholars. Pop. 3,316. Union, t., Butler co., O. It has 3 sch. 98 scho- lars. Pop. 1,828. UNI 671 UNI Uniox, t., Carroll co., O. Fop. 8^9. Union, t.. Champaign co., O. It has 2 sch. 49 scholars. Pop. 1,2^49. Union, t., Clermont co., O. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,800 ; 1 di.siillery, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in maniifac. $9,575. 3 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. 1,423. Union, t., Clinton co., O. It has 8 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen foe, 3 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manulac. $23,250. 15 sch. 1,218 scholars. Pop. 3,281. Union, t., Hancock co., O. It has 7 sch. 216 scholars. Pop. G37. Union, t.. Highland co., O. It has 5 sch. 128 scholars. Pop. 1,089. U.MON, t., Knox CO., O. Mohiecan river runs through its e. pari. It has 5 sch. 337 scholars. Pop. 1,098. Union, t.. La Fayette co., O. It has 11 stores, cap. $33,845 ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m.. 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 printing oflices, 1 weekly news- paper. Cap. in manufac. $6,300. 13 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 1,945. Union, t., Lawrence co., O. It has 6 sch. 182 scholars. Pop. 1,034. Union, t.. Licking co., O. It has 10 sch. 485 scholars. Pop. 1,637. Union, t., Logan co., O. It has 3 sch. 182 scholars. Pop. 832. Union, t., Madi.son co., O. It ha.s 5 stores, cap. $11,900. 1 fulling m., 2 potteries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,725. 12 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 1,350. Union, t., Mercer co., O. It has 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 566. Union, t., Miami co., O. It has 7 sch. 397 scholars. Pop. 1,967. Union, t., Monroe co., O. Pop. 1,356. Union, t., Morgan co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,500; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,300. 9 sch. 290 scholars Pop. 1,328. Union, t., Muskingum co., O. It has 4 church- es. The V. contains an academy and 151 inhab- itants. There are in the t. 1 college, 40 students, 2 sch. 58 scholars. Pop. 1,625. Union, t., Putnam co., O. Pop. 401. Union, t., Scioto co., O. The surface is hilly ; soil, generally fertile. Drained by Little Scioto r., flowing into Ohio r. It has 2 sch. 52 scholars. Pop. 575. Union, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It contains Rockford v., and has 5 sch. 411 scholars. Pop. 945. Union, t., Ross co., O. Pop. 2,632. Union, t.. Union co., O. It contains Milford v., and has 1 Unitarian and 1 Presbyterian church. It has 5 sch. 152 scholars. Population 694. Union, t., Warren co., O. It contains Deer- field v., and several others. It has 7 sch. 435 scholars. Pop. 1,617. Union, p-v., Boone co., Ky., 73 n. by e. Frank- fort, 507 W. It contains about 50 inhabitants. Union, p-v., Talbot co., Ga., 68 w. s. w. Mil- ledgeville, 724 W. Union, t., Branch co., Mich. The soil is fer- tile, adapted to grain. It has 2 stores, capital $12,000 ; 2 flouring m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $50,100. 5 sch. 80 scholars. Population 507. ^ Union, p-v., Cass co., Mich., 160 w. s. w. De- troit, 605 W. Union, p-o.. Rock co., Wis., 20 s. e. Madison, 827 W. Union, p-v., Greene co., Ala., 33 s. s. w. Tus- caloosa, 851 W. Union, p-v., Newton co.. Miss., 75 E.Jackson, 942 W. Union, p-o., Gibson co., la. Union, t.. Grant co., la. It has 1 sch. 15 schol- ars. Pop. 593. Union, t., Hancock co., la It has 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 476. Union, t., Miami co., la. It has 2 stores, cap. $30,600; 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 3 sch. 58 scholars. Pop. 584. Union, t., Ru.«h co., la. It has 7 sch. 165 scholars. Pop. 1,480. Union, t., Shelby co., la. It has 6 distilleries, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in inanufiic. $1,550. Union, t., Montgomery co., la. It has 4 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 2,943. Union, p-v., capital of Franklin co., Mo., 73 e. JefTer-son City, 863 W. Situated on Bourbeuse cr., a branch of Maramec r., 7 s. Missouri r. It contains a court house, jail, 4 stores, and 200 in- habitants. Union, p-v., capital of Union co.. Ark., 206 s. Little Rock, 1,251 W. Situated on the s. w. side of Wachita r., and contains a court house, several stores, and about 100 dwellings. Union, t., Johnson co.. Ark. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000; 1 grist in. Pop. 114. Unio.n, t., Greene co.. Ark. It has 1 store, cap. $1,300. Pop. 526. U.MON, t., Lawrence co.. Ark. It has 3 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 259. Union, t., Marion co.. Ark. It has 1 store, cap. $1,200 ; 1 grist m. Pop. 287. Union, t.. Pope co.. Ark. It has 1 distillery, 1 sch. 16 scholars. Pop. 291. Union, t., St. Francis co., Ark. It has 2 stores, cap. $3.500 ; 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,000. Pop. 613. U.NioN, t., Van Buren co.. Ark. Population 207. Union Bridge, p-o., Carroll co., Md., 67 n. w. Annapolis, 68 W. Unio.n City, p-v., Sherwood t.. Branch co., Mich., 116 w. s. w. Detroit, 572 W. Situated on St. Joseph's r., at the junction of Coldwater r., at the head of navigation, on the St. Joseph. It has 1 store, several mechanic shops, and a number of dwellings, and possesses great water power. Union Church, p-o., .lefTerson co.. Miss. Union Cor.ners, p-o., Sparta t., Livingston CO., N. Y., 251 w. Albany, 343 W. Union Corners, p-o., Northumberland co., Pa., 76 N. by e. Ilarrisburg, 186 W. Union District, p-o., Washtenaw co., Mich^ 44 vv. Detroit, 520 W. Union Ellerv, p-o., Ellery t., Chautauque CO., N. Y., 341 w. by s. Albany, 328 W. Union Falls, p-v.. Black Brook t., Clinton CO., N. Y., 168 N. Albany, 543 W. Situated on the w. side of Saranac r., which here affords great water power. It has 1 store, 2 saw m., 1 extensive forge, and about 20 dwellings. Union Furn.\ce, p-o., Huntingdon co.. Pa. Union Grove, p-o.. Prince George co., Va., 36 s. E. Richmond, 155 W. Union Grove, p-o., Whitesides co.. 111., 191 N. by w. Springfield, 854 W. Union Grove, p-o., Newton co.. Mo. Union Hall, p-o., Franklin co., Va., 164 w. s. w. Richmond, 239 W. It contains 1 Methodist church, and on Pig r., in the vicinity, 1 flouring m., and a woollen and cotton fac. It has about 15 dwellings. Union Hill, p-o., Upson co., Ga., 71 w. by s. Milledgeville, 693 W. UNI 672 UNI Union Iron Works, p-o., Berks co., Pa., 78 E. by N. Ilarrisbiirg, 171 W. Union Level, p-o., Mecklenburg co., Va., 103 s. vv. Richmond, 217 W. Union Meeting House, p-o., Baltimore co., Md., 61 N. N. w. Annapolis, 71 W. Union Mills, p-v., Broadalhiii t., Fulton co., N. Y., 46 N. w. Albany, 420 W. It contains 1 store, 1 paper m., 1 saw m., and about 15 dwell- ings. Union Mills, p-v.. Union t., Erie co., Pa., 249 N. w. Harrisburg, 330 W. Situated on a branch of French cr. Union Mills, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 65 n. n. W. Annapolis, 75 W. Union Mills, p-v., Fluvanna co., Va., 73 vv. N. w. Richmond, 126 W. Situated on the s. side of llivanna r., and contains 1 Methodist church, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 large cotton fac. 1,500 sp., and 20 dwellings. Union Point, p-o., Greene co., Ga. Union Society, p-o., Windham t., Greene co., N. Y., 51 s. w. Albany, 358 W. Union Springs, p-v., Springport t., Cayuga CO., N. Y., 163 w. by n. Albany, 329 W. Situ- ated on the E. side of Cayuga lake, and contains 3 churches, 5 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m., and about 600 inhabitants. It contains a mineral spring of some celebrity. Union Springs, p-v., 3Iacon co., Ala., 153 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 824 W. It contains about 75 in- habitants. Union Square, p-o., Mexico t., Oswego co., N. Y., 152 w. N. w. Albany, 377 W. Union Square, p-v., Montgomery co., Pa., 92 E. Harrisburg, 162 W. Uniontovvn, p-b.. Union t., capital of Fayette CO., Pa., 179 w. by s. Harrisburg, 195 W. Situ- ated on Redstone cr. It contains 6 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Metho- dist Episcopal, 1 Methodist Protestant, and 1 African Methodist. It contains Madison College, founded by the Methodists in 1825. Chartered in 1827. It has 23 stores, cap. )?131,200 ; 1 fur- nace, 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 3 print- ing offices, 3 weekly newspapers, 2 periodicals, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $63,705. 1 col. 119 students, 5 sch. 350 scholars. Pop. 1,710. Uniontown, v., Lake t.. Stark co., O., 12 n. Canton, 128 n. e. Columbus. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Lutheran, and 1 Methodist — 3 stores, various mechanic shops, 2 tanneries, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. Uniontown, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 35 n. w. Baltimore, 65 n. n. w. Annapolis, 72 W. It con- tains about 100 inhabitants. Uniontown, p-v.. Perry co., Ala., 60 s. s. e. Tuscaloosa, 872 W. Situated on the head wa- ters of Chilalohee creek, and contains about 450 inhabitants. Uniontown, p-v.. Wheeling t., Belmont co., O., 6 N. vv. St. Clairsville, 114 e. Columbus, 284 W. It contains 3 stores, and a number of me- chanic shops. Uniontown, p-o.. Union co., Ky. Union Vale, t., Dutchess co., N. Y. The sur- face is rolling and hilly ; soil, clay loam and gravel. Drained by Fisiikill cr. It has 6 stores, cap. $10,050 ; 1 cotton fac. 544 sp., 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $40,650. 7 sch. 259 scholars. Pop. 1,498. Union Vale, p-o., Harrison co., O., 118 e. n. E. Columbus, 281 W. Union Village, p-v.. Orange co., Vt., 46 s. e. Montpelier, 496 W. Union Village, v., Warren co., O., 4 vv. Le- banon. It is inhabited by Shakers, who have a large church in the centre. There are six large families, each with an e.xlensive house, and sur- rounding out-houses and workshops, delightful gar- dens, and fine domestic animals. The entire v. contains about 500 inhabitants. Union Village, p-o.. Lisle t., Broome co., N. Y., 137 w. s. vv. Albany, 314 W. Union Village, v., Greenwich t., Washington CO., N. Y. Pleasantly situated on both sides of Battenkill r., and contains 4 churches — 1 Congre- gational, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an academy, 1 bank, 11 stores, 1 cot- ton fac, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist ra., 1 saw m., 1 furnace, 1 carriage fac, 160 dwellings, and about 1,300 inhabitants. Union Village, p-v., Northumberland co.,Va., 83 e. n. e. Richmond, 147 W. Unionville, p-v., Middlesex co., Mass., 25 w. Boston, 420 W. Situated on Concord river, and contains a Congregational church, 1 cotton fac, and 2 paper mills. Unionville, p-v., Hartford co., Ct., 10 w. Hartford, 334 W. Unionville, p-v., Minisink t.. Orange co., N.Y., 1 19 s. s. vv. Albany, 264 W. It contains 1 church, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. Unionville, p-v., East Marlborough t., Ches- ter CO., Pa., 74 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 118 W. It contains 2 stores, and about 20 dwellings. Unionville, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 67 n. vv. Annapolis, 58 W. Unionville, p-v., Union dist., S. C, 70 n. w. Columbia, 464 W. Situated on a small branch of Tyger r. Unionville, p-v., Monroe co., Ga., 63 vv. Mil- ledgeviUe, 670 W. Unionville, p-v., Bedford co., Tenn.. 46 s. s. E. Nashville, 6'J5 W. Unionville, p-v., Madison t.. Lake co., O., 192 N. E. Columbus, 317 W. It contains 1 Presbyte- rian and 1 Methodist church, and 6 stores. It has large iron-works in the vicinity. Unionville, p-v., Lenawee co., Mich., 75 s. vv. Detroit, 504 W. Unison, p-v., Luzerne co.. Pa., 133 n. e. Har- risburg, 242 W. Unison, p-v., Loudon co., Va., 137 n. Rich- mond, 52 VV. Unison, p-o., Delaware co., O., 34 n. Colum- bus, 418 W. Unitia, p-o., Blount co., Tenn., 178 E. s. e. Nashville, 523 W. Unity, p-l., Waldo co., Me., 34 n. e. Augusta, 629 W. Drained by a branch of Sebasticook r. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Incorporated in 1804. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,700 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 4 gi-ist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- fae $29,750. 13 sch. 584 scholars. Pop. 1,457. Unity, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 45 vv. by n. Concord, 471 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, well adapted to grazing. Drained by Little Su- gar and Beaver Meadow rivers. Cold pond, on its s. border, gives rise to Cold river. First set- tled in 1769. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. 1 acad. 85 students, 11 sch. 452 scholars. Pop. 1,238. Unity, t., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 7 e. Greens- burg. The surface is hilly ; soil, calcareous loam and gravel. Drained by Crabtree and Big Sewickly crs., and Nine Mile run. It lias 3 tan- neries, 4 distilleries, 4 flouring m., 4 gri.st m. Cap. in manufae. $17,000. II sch. 425 scholars. Pop. 3,003. Unity, p-o., Crawford co.. Pa., 254 n. vv. Har- risburg, 320 W. Unity, p-v., Montgomery co., Md., 58 w. n. w. Annapolis, 27 W. UPP 673 UPP Unity, p-v., Cabarrus co., N. C, 133 w. s. w. Raleigh, 393 W. ITnity, p-t., Columbiana co., O., 161 N. E. by E. Coliiinbus, 277 W. It contains, ilie villages of Sprueevale, Palestine, and Unity. The last contains 204 inhabitants. There are in the t. 3 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 1,896. Unity, p-v., capital of Alexander co.. 111., 219 s. by E. Springfield, 853 W. Situated on the E. side of Cash r., and contains a court house, and about 75 inhabitants. Unityville, p-v., Lycoming co., Pa. University, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 87 w. N. w. Richmond, 122 W. Situated 1 mile w. Char- lottesville, at the seat of the University of Vir- ginia. (See Charlottesville.) Unwattin, county, Mich. Situated n. w. of the centre of the peninsula, and contains 576 sq. miles. Drained by Maskegon r. and its branches, and by branches of Manistee river. It is unor- ganized. Upatoie, p-v., Muscogee co., Ga., 133 w. s. w. Milledgeville, 774 W. The creek, from which it is named, falls into Chattahoochee r. The v. con- tains about 100 inhabitants. Updegraff's, p-o., Smithfield t., Jefferson co., O., 131 E. N. E. Columbus, 278 W. " Upiiaupe, p-o., Macon co., Ala., 139 s. E. Tus- caloosa, 869 W. Upper, t.. Cape May co., N. J., 13 n. e. Cape May C. H. The surface is level ; soil, sand and clay, timbered with oak and cedar. Drained by Tuckahoe and Cedar Swamp crs. The Atlantic bounds it on the .s. E., along which is Peck's and Ludlam's beaches. It has 4 stores, cap. §5,500; 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 5 sch. 219 scholars. Pop. 1,217. Upper, t., Lawrence co., O. It has 8 sch. 255 scholars. Pop. 1,180. Upper, t., Carroll co.. Ark. It has 1 di.stillery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 school 25 scholars. Fop. 4^8. Upper, t., Crawford co.. Ark. Pop. 1,144. Upper Alton, p-v., Madison co., 111., 79 s. by w. Springfield, 806 W. Situated on elevated ground, 2f ras. back from Mississippi river, and e. of Alton. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist ; 5 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 steam saw and flouring mill, 320 dwellings, and 1,002 inhabitants. It was laid out in 1816, and, .«ince 1827, its growth has been rapid. (See Alton.) Upper AauEBOUGE. p-v., Riverhead t., Suffolk CO., N. Y., 226 s. s. E. Albany, 306 W. It con- tains a church, and about 20 dwellings. Upper Black Eduy, p-o., Bucks co.. Pa., 121 E. Harrisburg, 186 W. Upper Alloway.s Creek, t., Salem co., N. J., 7 s. E. Salem. The surface is rolling ; soil, in the N. E., stiff clay and loam, in the s. e., sand and gravelly loam. Drained by Alloways and Stow crs. It has 4 stores, cap. it!6,()50 ; 1 woollen fac.,' 6 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $29,800. 8 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 2,233. Upper Bern, t., Berks co.. Pa. Blue moun- tain bounds it on the n. and Schuylkill r. on the E., by which, and a branch of it, it is drained. It has a church near the centre, common to Luther- ans and Presbyterians. It has 2 stores, (capital $6,500; 3 tanneries, 4 distilleries. Capital in manufac. $5,000. Pop. 2,906. Upper Chichester, t., Delaware co.. Pa. Watered by Hook and Naaman's creeks. The surface is level ; soil, loam. It has a church near its s. boundary. It has 1 store, capital $1,300; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 1 grist m. Capital in manufac. $52,250. Pop. 475. 85 Upperco, p-o., Baltimore co., Md., 51 n. by w. Annapolis, 61 W. Upper Dauby, t., Delaware co.. Pa., 8 w. Phil- adelphia. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Drained by Darby and Cobb's creeks, which afford water power. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,100 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 6,000 sp., 1 tannery, 4 paper fac, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac §71,600. 4 sch. 395 scholars. Pop. 1,439. Upper Dublin, p-t., Montgomery co.. Pa., 106 E. Harrisburg, 152 W. The surface is rolling; soil, calcareous loam. Drained by tributaries of Wissahiccon cr. It has 6 stores, cap. $12,800 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 4 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,250. Pop. 1,322. Upper Freehold, t., Momnouth co., N. J., 15 s. w. Freehold ('. H. The surface is level ; soil, clay, sandy loam, and sand. In the n. w. part is fertile land ; the s. e. part is covered with pine forest. Drained by Millstone r., and by Tom's and Crosswick's creeks, and tributaries of As- sunpink and Rancocus creeks. It has 23 stores, cap. $34,250; 7 tanneries, 9 distilleries, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,620. 18 sch. 1,200 scholars. Pop. 5,026. Upper Gil.vianton, p-o., Gilmanton t., Bel- knap CO., N. H., 22 N. N. E. Concord, 503 W. Upper Gloucester, p-o., New Gloucester t., Cumberland co.. Me., 3'J s. w. Augusta, 569 W. Upper Hanover, p-t., Montgomery co.. Pa., 35 N. w. Philadelphia, 82 e. Harrisburg, 178 W. Tlie surface is very hilly ; soil, red shale. Wa- tered by Perkiomen cr. and it.s branches. The v., called New Goshcnhoppen, is situated in the forks of Perkiomen cr. It has 4 stores, capital $13,500 ; 1 tannery, 7 grist m., 5 saw m., 4 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $5,000. 4 sch. 181 schol- ars. Pop. 1,467. Upper Hunting Creek, p-v., Caroline co., Md., 57 E. Annapolis, 97 W. Upper Lisle, p-o.. Lisle t., Broome co., N. Y., 133 w. ,s. w. Aib.my, 316 VV. Upper JIacunoy, t., Lehigh co.. Pa. Drained principally by Lehigh cr. It has 4 stores, capital $25,900 ; 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,000. 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 1,769. Upper Maiiantango, p-t., Schuylkill co.. Pa., 65 N. E. Harrisburg, 175 W. The surfiice is a collection of hills ; soil, red shale and white gravel, and sterile. Drained by 2 branches of Mahantango cr. It has 5 stores, cap. $7,100; I distillery, 8 grist m., 8 saw m. Pop. 1,291. Upper Mahany, t., Northumberland co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $7,600; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,575. 4 sch. 112 scholars. Pop. 1,131. Upper Makefield, t., Bucks co.. Pa., 25 n. N. E. Philadelphia. The surliice is rolling; soil, clay and sandy loam. Pidcock's cr. runs on its N. boundary. It has I store, cap. .$8,000 ; 1 flour- ing m., 1 grist m , 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,050. . 4 sch. 23S scholars. Pop. 1,490. Upper Marlboro', p-v., capital of Prince George's co., 3Id., 23 .s. w. Annapolis, 17 W. Situated a little w. of Patuxent r., and contains a court house, jail, a church, and about 800 inhabit- ants. Upper Middletown, p-v., MiddletoviTi t., •aiiddlese.x co., Ct., 12 .s. Hartford, 328 W. Sit- uated on a rising ground, on the w. side of Con- necticut r., li N. of Middletown city, and con- tains 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist church, and a number of dwelhngs. Upper Middletown, p-v., Manallen t., Fay- ette CO., Pa., 1»4 w. bv s. Harrisburg, 200 W. UPP 674 UPT Situated in a bend of Redstone cr., 5 n. Union- town. Upper Mount Bethel, t., Northampton co., Pa. It has 7 stores, cap. $31,500; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,070. 1 sch. 22 scholars. Pop. 2,643. Upper Merion, t., Montgomery co., Pa. Tlie surface is rolling ; soil, calcareous loam. Drained by Valley and Gulf creeks, wliich afford water power. Three taverns, on the 3 points of a tri- angle, 3 miles distant from each other, called Swcdesford, Bird i:i Hand, and King of Prussia, have existed here for 100 years. It has 10 stores, cap. $19,800 ; 4 woollen fac, 7 flouring m., 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Capital in manufac. $124,120. 1 acad. 3 students, 6 sch. 506 scholars. Pop. 2,804. Upper Milford, t., Lehigh co., Pa. The sur- face is generally hilly ; soil, gravel and red shale, moderately productive. Drained by the n. branch of Perkiomen cr. and the liead waters of Upper Saucon cr. It contains 1 Lutheran and 1 Ger- man Presljyterian church. 7 stores, cap. $21,300; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 2 powder m., 7 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manu- fac. $40,600. 3 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 3,081. Upper Nazareth, t., Northampton en., Pa. Tlie surface is rolUng; soil, fertile gravel and slate. Drained by 2 branches of Manookisy cr. It contains Nazareth v. It has 4 stores, capital $18,000; 2 lumber yards, cap. $3,500; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 1 grist m. Capital in manufac. $8,000. 1 acad. 86 students, 3 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 1,118. Upper O.XFORn, t., Chester co., Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,080 sp., 1 pottery, 2 paper fac, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Capital in manufac. $17,400. 6 sch. 157 scholars. Pop. 1,277. Upper Paxton, t., Dauphin co., Pa., 22 n. Harrisburg. The surface is partly mountainous, partly gently uneven ; .soil, red shale. Drained by Mahantango, and Great and Little Wiconisco creeks. Susquehanna r. runs on its w. border. It has 6 stores, capital $18,(X)0; 2 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 4 flouring m., 1 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $8,336. 9 sch. 800 scholars. Pop. 1,814. Upper Penns Neck, t., Salem co., N. J. Bounded w. by Delaware r. The surface is level ; soil, liglit sandy loam. It contains 1 Friends and 1 Methodist cliurch. It has 4 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 2 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 1,854. Upper Providence, t., Delaware co.. Pa., 13 w. Philadelphia. The surface is rolling; soil, loam. Crura cr. runs on its e. and Ridley cr. on its w. boundary. It has 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 780. Upper Providence, t., Montgomery co., Pa. The surface is hilly ; soil, red shale and gravelly loam. Schuylkill r. runs on its s. w. boundary. Drained by Perkiomen and Mingo creeks. It has 6 stores, cap. $11,390 ; 1 tannery, 2 flouring ni., 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Capital in manufactures $28,398. 1 academy. Pop. 2,211. Upper Red Hook, p-v., Rcdhook t., Dutchess CO., N. Y., 46 s. Albany. 324 \V. It is called Tivoli. Situated on the,.E.^ank of Hudson r., and contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 clotli fac, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. A .steam ferry boat here crosses Hudson r. to Saugcrties. Upper Sandusky, p-v., Crawford co., O., 63 n. Columbus, 426 W. Situated on the w. side of Sandusky r., 60 ms. from its mouth. It is the seat of an Indian agency. Upper Salford^ t., Montgomery co., Pa., 10 N. N. w. Norristown. The surface is level ; soil, red shale and loam. Drained by Perkiomen and Rich Valley creeks. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 potteries, 6 grist m., 7 saw m., 7 oil m. Capital in manufac. $3,600 ; 6 sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 1,301. Upper Saucon, t., Leliigh Co., Pa., 6 s. e. Northampton. The surface is diversified with mountains and valleys ; soil, in the valleys, cal- careous loam. Drained by Saucon cr., a branch of Lehigh r. A v. near the s. E. boundary con- tains a church, and there is another church in the N. E. part. Iron ore is found in South mountain, which occupies its n. part. It has 7 stores, cap. $24,500 ; 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $12,650. 4 sch. 130 schol- ars. Pop. 2,072. Upper St. Clair, t., Alleghany co., Pa. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Drained by Char- tier's cr. It has 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 llouring m., 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,700. 1 acad. 12 students, 11 sch. 360 scholars. Pop. 2,302. Upper Stillwater, p-v., Orono t., Penob- scot CO., Me. The falls in the Penobscot r. here afford great water power. Upper Strasburgh, p-v., Letterkenny t., Franklin co.. Pa., 10 n. w. Chambersburg, 51 w. s. w. Harrisburg, 99 W. Situated in a fork of Hevren's branch of Conedogwinit cr. Upper Swatara, t., Dauphin co.. Pa. The surface is various ; soil, gravelly. Drained by Swatara cr. It has 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 1 potter/, 3 flouring m. Cap. in manufac. $13,725. Pop. 1,205. tfppER Tract, p-o., Pendleton co., Va., 182 N. w. by w. Kichmond, 182 W. Upper Tulpehocken, t., Berks co.. Pa. The surface is diversified ; soil, a productive calcare- ous loam and gravel. Drained by Nortlikill and Little Northkill creek.s, tributaries of Tulpehock- en creek. The Union canal follows the latter stream along the s. boundary of the t. It con- tains a church, common to Presbyterians and Lutherans. It has 5 stores, cap. $22,000; 1 wool- len fac, 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 5 flour- ing m., grist m., 5 saw m. Capital in manufac. $6,820. Pop. 2,941. Upper Tvgart, p-o.. Carter co., Ky. '09 e. Fraidifort, 451 W. Upperville, p-v., Fauquier co., Va., 129 n. by w. Richmond, 55 W. It contains 4 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Episcopal, and 1 free to all denominations — an academy, 3 stores, 64 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. Upper Yarmouth, p-v.. North Yarmouth t., Cumberland co.. Me., 47 s. w. Augusta, 562 W. Upson, county, Ga. Situated a little s. w. of the cciUre of the state, and contains 225 sq. ms. Flint r. nms on its s. vv. border, by branches of which it is drained. Capital, Thomaston. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,595, sheep 1,791, swine 17,846 ; wheat 29,333 bush, produced, Ind. corn 221,340, oats 10,05S, potatoes 8,139, cotton 6,477,334 pounds ; 12 stores, cap. .$62,170 ; 2 cot- ton fac. 1,720 sp., 7 distilleries, 4 flouring m., 12 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $101,635. 6 acad. 303 students, 7 sch. 171 scholars. Pop. whites 5,536, slaves 3,868, free col'd 4 ; total, 9,408. Upsonvii.le, p-v., Susquehanna co., Pa., 180 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 293 W. Upton, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 35 w. s. w. Boston, 410 W. The surface is various ; soil, generally fertile. Drained by West r., a tribu- tary of Blackstone r. Incorporated in 1735. The V. contains a Congregational church, and about VAL 675 VAL 50 'Iwellings. The t. contains also a Baptist and ;in Episoopal church. It has 3 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 wonllen fac, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,900. Pop. 1,4C6. Upton, p-o., Franklin co., Pa., 60 w. s w. Harrisburg, 83 W. UiinANNA, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 211 w. by s. Albany, 307 VV. The surface is uneven ; soil, clay loam, and generally fertile. Watered by the s. portion of Crooked lake, and by small streams flowing into it. Jt contains a convenient landing place, at the s. end of the lake. It has y stores, cap. .$32,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 (louring m., 2 grist m., 7 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. ,$12,450. 2 acad. 60 stu- dents, 12 sch. 650 scholars. Pop. 1,884. Urban'.>j.\, p-v. Frederick co., ftld., 76 N. w. Annapolis, 36 W. llnBAN.VA, p-v., capital of Middlesex co., Va., 84 E. by i\. Richmond, 146 W. Situated on the s. w. side of Rappahannock r., near the mouth of Urbanna cr. It contains a court house, jail, 4 stores, 10 dwellings, and about 175 iidiabitants. LIrra.nna, p-t., capital of ('hampaign co., O. great Western railroad from Albany passes through it. There are also fine roads in various directions, n. and s., on which numerous stages run. Utica is in the midst of a rich and highly cultivated country, and as might be expected, pos.«esses an extensive trade. A culvert has been completed within the city from the canal to the river, at an expense of $100,000. In 1794 there were here only 3 or 4 poor houses. Utica was incorporated as a village in 1798, and as a city in 1S30. There were in 1840, in the city 2 commer- cial and 3 commission houses in foreign trade, cap. ,$58,000 ; 188 retail stores, cap. $1,678,595 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $41,000; 5 furnaces, cap. $59,000; value of machinery manufactured $166,555 ; 6 tanneries, cap. $103,000 ; 2 brew- eries, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 paper fac, 6 printing oflices, 6 weekly newspapers, 61 brick and stone, and 30 wooden house.s, cost ,$253,000. Cap. in manufac $496,130. 10 acad. 670 students, 36 sch. 981 scholars. Utica, p-o., Venango co., Pa., 218 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 292 W. Utica, p-v., Washington t., Licking co., O., 51 46 w. by N. Columbus, 439 W. The v. contains j e. by n. Columbus, 372' W. It contains 3 stores, a court house, jail, a market house, a Methodist 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants church, 9 stores, and 1,070. inhabitants. There .ire in the t. 10 stores, 1 fulling ni., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 printing office. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. Pop. 1,3:^6. Uruanna, p-v., capital of Champaign co.. III., D2 E. N. E. Springfield, 691 W. Situated on the s. side of the Salt fork of Vermilion r., and con- tains a court house, jail, and about 30 dwellings. Ursa, p-o., Adams co.. Hi., 10 n. Quincy, 114 w. Springfield, 891 W. Situated in Bear Creek settlement. Utica, city, Oneida co., N. Y., is on the s. side of the Mohawk r., in 43° 10' n. lat., 74° 13' w. Ion., 92 w. by .\. Albany, 140 Rochester, 202 Buffalo, 76 Oswesio, 3-i8 W. Pop- 1^-0, '■i,'i72; 1830, 8,323 ; 1840, 12,782. The city stands on a beau- tifully inclined plane, rising s. from the Blohawk, the highest parts of which present fine prospects. The buildings, most of which are of brick, are good, and many of them splendid. The streets are neat and spacious, many of them 100 feet wide. It has 18 churches — 3 Presbyterian, 1 Dutch Reformed, 2 Episcopal, 4 Baptist, 3 Meth- odist, 2 Roman Catholic, 1 Universalist, 1 Afri- can, and 1 Friends meetinghouse. There is al.so an Exchange building. Besides numerous chari- table institutions, there are in the city the Coimty Medical Society, 2 incorporated academies, one for males and the other lor females, a museum, the Utica Library, the Mechanics' Association, which supports popular lectures, and the Ap- prentices' Library. There are 4 banks, with an aggregate capital of $900,000, besides a bank for savings, and an insiu'ance company, with a cap- ital of $200,000, and a mutual insurance compa- Utica, p-v., Shelby t., Macomb co., Mich., 22 N. N. E. Detroit, ,546 W. Situated on the e. bank of Clinton r., and contains 2 churches — 1 Presby- terian and 1 Metl.odist — an academy, 4 stores, 1 flouring m,, 1 saw m., and 1 iron foundry. Utica, p v., Clarke co., la., 109 s. by e. In- dianapolis, 597 W. Situated on the n. w. bank of Ohio r., and contains 3 stores, and about 300 inhabitants. Utica, p-v., Hinds co., Miss,, 38 w. Jackson, 1,048 W. Utica, p-v., Livingston co.. Mo., 167 n. w. JefTerson City, 1,059 W. Situated on the w. side of Grand r., 1 m. from the junction of the e. and w. forks, at the head of steamboat navigation, and contains about 100 inhabitants. Utica Mills, po., Frederick co., Md., 84 n. w. Annapolis, 51 VV. Utoy, p-o., De Kalb co., Ga., 103 n. w. by w. Milledgeville, 6S9 W, UwcHLA.N'D, p-t,, Chester co,. Pa,, 30 s, s, w. Philadelphia, 69 E. s, e, Harrisburg, 129 W. The surface is a gentle declivity ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Brandywine cr., which affords water power. It has a church near the centre ; 3 stores, cap. $16,200 ; 1 fulling ni., 1 woollen fac, 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 2 paper fac, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $27,857. 7 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,565. UxBRiDGE, p-t., Worcester co,. Mass,, 38 s, w, Boston, 403 W, Watered by Mumford and West rivers, which airoid water power. Black- stone r. and canal pass through it. Chartered in 1727. The v. at the centre contains 1 Congre- gational and 1 Unitariatt ciiurch, and a number ny. The State Lunatic Asylum is located here, of dwellings. The t. contains iron ore, and a fine about a mile vv. of the centre of the city. The stone quarry ; 4 stores, cap. $7,200; 12 lulling m., Erie canal, here widened to 70 feet, and 7 feet 5 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 5,500 sp., 1 tannery, deep, passes through the central part of the city, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $168,300. and is crossed by a ntimlicr of elevated and ele- 2 acad. 42 students, 13 sch. 549 scholars. Pop. gant bridges. The Chenango canal connects this 2,004. place with Binghamton, in Broome co. The | U.xbridge, p-o., Montgomery co,, N, Y. V. Valatie, p-v., Kinderhook t., Columbia co., N. Y., 20 s. Albany, 352 W. Situated at the jimction of Valatie and Kinderhook creeks, 2 ms. E. Kinderhook v. It contains 3 churches, 12 stores, 4 cotton fac, emjiloying 400 per.sons, 1 machme .shop, 1 grist ra., 1 saw ra., 1 fulling m., 1 plaster m., 200 dwellings, and about 1,600 in- habitants, Valcour, Isl., N. Y. Situated in Lake Cham- plain, a few ms. s. of Plattsburgh, near the New V'ork shore, and is 2i ms. long, and half a mile wide. VAN 676 VAN Vallene, p-v., Orange co., la., 104 s. by w. Indianapolis, 635 W. Valley, p-o., Mifflin co., Pa., 66 n. w. Harris- burg, 153 W. VALLEY Creek, p-o., Dallas co., Ala., 80 s. by E. Tuscaloosa, 856 VV. Valley, t., Columbia co., Pa. It has 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $2,940; 3 sch. 93 scholars. Population, 633. Valley Forge, p-v., Schuylkill t., Chester CO., Pa., 20 N. w. Philadelphia, 81 e. by s. Har- risburg, 159 W. Situated at the junction of Val- ley cr. with Schuylkill r. It contains 2 stores, 1 cotton fac. 2,000 sp., 1 rolling m., 1 gun fac, 1 flouring m., 30 dwelUngs, and about 200 inhabit- ants. Valley Head, p-o., De Kalb co., Ala., 161 n. E. Tuscaloosa, 656 W. Vallonia, p-v., Jackson co., la., 3 s. w. BrownsiovvTi, 75 s. Indianapolis, 600 W, It con- tains about 50 inhabitants. Vallonia Sfri.\gs, p-o., Coles\ille t., Broome CO., N. Y., 114 w. s. w. Albany, 310 W. Valparaiso, p-v., capital of Porter co., la., 138 N. N. w. Indianapolis, 6S2 W. Situated on Salt cr., which flows into Lake Michigan. It contains a court house, jail, and about 200 inhabitants. Valverde, p-o., Macon co., Ala., 143 s. e. Tuscaloosa, 834 W. Vax, p-o.. Jay co., la., 94 n. e. Indianapolis, 517 W. Vax Bcren, county, Mich. Situated toward the s. w. part of the state, and contains 633 sq. nis. Drained by Pawpaw r. and its branches, s. branch of Black r., Dowagiake, and Brush crs. Tiie streams aflTord good water power, and Paw- paw r. is boatable 70 ms. from its mouth. The surface is level ; soil, fertile. Capital, Pawpaw. Tliere were in 1840, neat cattle 2,125, sheep 538, swine 3,422 : wheat 15.640 bush, produced, Ind. corn 28,537, oats 16,176, potatoes 20,832, sugar 25,365 pounds ; 4 stores, cap. 819,200; 1 tannery, 2 grist ra., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $36,900. 23 sch. 516 scholars. Pop. 1,910. Van Buren, county, Iowa. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 504 sq. ms. Drained by Des 3Ioines r. and its branches. The soil is fertile. Copper, iron, and tin ore, and a fine marble are found. Capital. Keo.sauke. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,364, sheep 2.667, swine 15,321 ; wheat 8,757 bush, produced, Ind. corn 151,481, buckwheat 1,046, oats 12,174, po- tatoes 18,150, sugar 6,369 pounds ; 16 stores, cap. §24,200 ; 1 tannery, 2 potteries, 10 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §31,295. 6 sch. 123 scholars. Pop. 6,146. Van Buren, county, Mo. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 643 square miles. Drained by Grand r. and Big creek. The sur- face is undulating, and two thirds of it is prairie ; soil, fertile. Capital. Harri.sonville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,726, sheep 3,332, swine 19,573; wheat 1,614 bush, produced, Ind. com 222,541, oats 11,000, potatoes 9,112, tobacco 8,875 pounds, cotton 2,590 ; 1 1 stores, cap. 839,800 ; 4 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 6 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,310. 13 sch. 293 scholars. Pop. 4,693. Van Buren, county, Ark. Situated a little n. of the centre of the state, and contains 1,350 sq. ms. Drained by Little Red r. and its branches. Capital, Clinton. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 2,863, sheep .520, swine 9.213; wheat 1,515 bush, produced, Ind. corn 79.800, oats 3.257, po- tatoes 2,615, tobacco 1,220 pounds, cotton 8,()51 ; 5 stores, cap. $4,104; 3 distilleries, 7 grist m., 4 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. whites 1,459, slaves 59 ; total, 1,518. Van Buren, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 12 n. w. Syracuse, 141 w. by n. Albany, 358 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, clay and sandy loam. Drained by Camp brook, flowing into Seneca r., which bounds it on the N. It has 8 stores, cap 830,600 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. Sn5,305. 1 aead. 61 students, 9 sch. 436 scholars. Pop. 3,021. Van Bcren, p-o., Washington co., Pa., 216 w. Harrisburg, 243 W. Van Buren, p-t., Hancock co., O., 96 n. n. w. Columbus, 452 W. The v. contains 74 inhabit- ants. There are in the t. 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 3 sch. 127 scholars. Pop. 402. Van Buren, t., Darke co., O. It has 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 421. Van Bure.n, t., Shelby co., O. Pop. 596. Va.n Bure.n, p-o., Callaway co., Ky., 264 w. s. w. Frankfort, 791 W. Van Buren, t., Wayne co., Mich. Watered by Huron r. It has 6 sch. 114 scholars. Pop. 940. Van Buren, t.. Brown co., la. Pop. 417. Van Buren, t.. La Grange co., la. It has 2 distilleries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. 84,375. 2 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 284. Van Buren, p-t.. Clay co., la., 61 w. s. w. In- dianapolis, 632 W. It has 1 distillery. Cap. in manufac. $900. 1 sch. 18 scholars. Pop. 533. Van Buren, p-v., Hardiman co., Tenn., 172 w. s. w. Nashville, 857 W. Van Buren, p-v., De Kalb co., Ala., 135 n. e. Tuscaloosa, 682 W. Van Buren, p-v., Itawamba co.. Miss. Sit- uated on the w. side of Tombigbee r., and con- tains about 100 inhabitants. Van Buren, p-v., capital of Ripley co.. Mo. Situated on the w. side of Current r. It contains a court house, 1 store, and a few dwellings. Van Bure.n, p-v.. Van Buren co., Iowa. Van Bure.n, p-v., capital of Crawford co.. Ark. Situated on the .n. side of Arkansas r., and con- tains a court house, jail, several stores, and about 500 inhabitants. Van Buren, t., Carroll co.. Ark. It has I grist m. Van Buren Centre, p-o.. Van Buren t., Onon- daga CO., N. v., 144 w. by n. Albany, 351 W. Van Buren Harbor, p-v., Pomfret t., Chau- tauque CO., N. Y., 5 s. e. Dunkirk, 334 w. by s. Albany, 354 W. Situated on the s. side of Lake Erie, where is a convenient steamboat landing, and a few dwellings. It is extensively and re- gularly laid out. Van Burenville, p-o., W^allkill t., Orange CO., N. Y., 107 s. s. w. Albany, 278 W. Vanceborough, p-v.. Winnebago co.. El. Vanceburg, p-v., Lewis co., Ky., 110 e. n. e. Frankfort, 466 VV'. Situated on the s. w. side of Ohio r., at the junction of Salt cr. It contains about 50 inhabitants. Vances Ferry, p-o., Orangeburg dist., S. C, 97 s. Columbia, 535 W. V' andaha, p-v., capital of Fayette co.. 111., and formerly capital of the state, is situated on the w. bank of Kaskaskia r. It is regularly laid out, with streets crossing each other at right angles. There is a public square in the centre, and the streets are 80 feet wide. It contains a court house, jail, a U. S. land office, 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 3Iethodist — 11 stores, 2 print- ing offices, each issuing a weekly newspaper, 1 steam saw m., 1 water saw in., and abou; 800 in- habitants. The national road extends to this place. VAR 677 VER Vanderburg, county, la. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and fontains 225 sq. ms. The surlace is generally liilly, with an inferior soil, but near the Ohio r. the soil is very fertile. Ohio r. bounds it on the s., affording great com- mercial facilities. Drained by Big Pigeon, Blue Grass, Little, and Locust creeks. Capital, Evans- ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,021, sheep 713, swine 7,330; wheat 4,223 bush, pro- duced, Ind. corn 105,729, oats 4,315, potatoes 3,541, sugar 335 pounds ; 1 commission house, cap. §5,000 ; 49 stores, cap. $49,954 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 2 llouring m., 7 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $57,180. 7 sch. 212 scholars. Pop. 6,250. Vanderm.\rk, p-o., Alfred t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 258 w. by s. Albany, 328 W. Van Deusenville, p-v., Berkshire Co., Mass., 137 w. Boston, 35 •< W. Van Ettenville, p-o., Cayuta t., Chemung CO., W. Y., 183 w. by s. Albany, 284 W. Van Hill, p-o., Hawkins co., Tenn., 261 E. Nashville, 451 W. Van Hooks Store, p-o., Person co., N. C, 52 N. N. w. Raleigh, 255 W. Van Hornsville, p-o., Starks t., Herlumer CO., N. Y., 64 N. w. Albany, 382 W. Vannoy's Mill, p-o., Pike co., Mo. Vanns Vallev, p-o., Floyd co., Ga., 173 n. w. by w. Milledgeville, 6-<4 W. Van Renssklaer, t., Ottowa co., O. It com- prehends the Bass islands in Lake Erie, one of which has the fine harbor of Put in Bay. Pop. 27. Van Sickle's Store, p-o., Hunterdon co., N. J., 38 N. N. w. Trenton, 19S W. Situated on the s. E. foot of Muscouetcong mountain. Van Wert, county, O. Situated in the w. towanl the N. part of the state, and contains 432 sq. ms. The surface is level; soil, varies from rich bottom to a light sandy loam, and is produc- tive. It is mostly covered with a dense forest. Drained by St. Mary's and Little Auglaize rivers. The 3Iiami canal passes near its e. border, with- out entering it. Capital, Van Wert. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,724, sheep 335, swine 3,800 ; wheat 3,090 bush, produced, Ind. corn 33,3'J6, oats 3,267, potatoes 5,671, sugar 3,070 pounds ; 4 stores, cap. §4,100 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,100. Pop. 1,577. Van Wert, p-v., capital of Paulding co., Ga., 138 w. N. w. Miiledgeville, 631 W. It contams a court house, jail, an academy, 1 church, and about 125 inhabitants. Van Wert, p-v., capital of Van Wert co., O., 136 N. w. by w. Columbus, 510 W. Situated on a branch of Little Auglaize r., and contains a court house, jail, and a number of dwellings. Varrenes, p-v., Anderson dist., S. C, 122 vv. N. w. Columbia, 549 W. Varick, p-t., Seneca co., N. Y., 8 s. Waterloo, 186 w. Albany, 332 W. It extends from Cayuga lake on the e., to Seneca lake on the w., and the surface is moderately elevated in the middle, and declines to each lake. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 3 stores, cap. $11,000; 11 sch. 615 scholars. Pop. 1,971. Variety Mills, p-o.. Nelson co., Va., 103 w. by N. Richmond, 165 W. It contains 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 flouring m., 1 tannery, 4 dwellings, and 25 inhabitants. Varna, p-v., Dryden t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 161 w. by s. Albany, 299 W. Situated on Fall cr., and contains 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 sash fac, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Varysburg, p-v., Sheldon t., Wyoming co., N. Y., 264 w. Albany, 369 W. Situated on To- nawanda cr., iind contains 1 Baptist and 1 Meth- odist church, 4 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 tannery, 30 dwelUngs, and about 225 inhabitants. Vassalborougii, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 11 N. by E. Augusta, 606 W. Bounded w. by Ken- nebec r. The surface is various ; soil, fertile. The outlets of 2 large ponds, on its e. border, af- ford water power. 'I'here are several other ponds in the t. By means of the dam across Kennebec r. at Augusta, and the lock at that place, vessels from the ocean come to this place. Incorporated in 1771. It has 9 stores, cap. $9,200; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, I paper factory, 7 grist m., 7 saw m. Capital in manufac. §51,335. I acad. 100 students, 22 sch. 1,164 scholars. Pop. 2,952. Vauclause, p-o.. Wood co., Va. Vaugine, t., Jefferson co.. Ark. It has 7 stores, cap. $49,100 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,100. Pop. 1,339. Venice, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 15 s. Auburn, 164 w. Alljany, 325 W. The surface is undula- ting ; soil, clay and gravelly loam. Drained by Salmon cr. It has 6 stores, cap. $34,000 ; 1 full- ing m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,200. 21 sch. 1,089 scholars. Pop. 2,105. Venice, p-o., Washington co.. Pa. Venice, p-v., Erie co., O., 103 n. Columbus, 417 W. Situated on the s. side of Sandusky bay on Cold cr., which rises in the centre of Marga- retta t., and has its source from springs, some 60 feet below the surface of the earth, affording ex- tensive water power, not influenced by rain or drought. It contains 3 stores, 3 warehouses, 100 rods of wharf, 1 flouring m. capable of grinding 1,000 bush, wheat daily, 1 saw m., 1 lath fac, 1 shingle fac, 50 dwellings, and about 400 inhab- itants. Venice, t., Seneca co., O. The soil is fertile. It contains Attica and Caroline villages. It has 5 sch. 255scholars. Pop. 1,222. Venice, p-o., Caroline co., Va. Venango, county, Pa. Situated toward the N. w. part of the state, and contains 1,120 square ms. Drained by Alleghany r. and its branches, and by Toby's cr. The surface is uneven ; soil, well adapted to grazing. Organized in 1805. Capital, Franklin. "There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 16,070, sheep 28,775, swine 24,512; wheat 128,486 bush, produced, rye 72,063, Indian corn 59,730, buckwheat 52,114, oats 214,157, potatoes 118,719, sugar 17,561 lbs.; 43 stores, cap. $120,000; 7 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 16 furnaces, 1 forge, 17 tanneries, 4 distdleries, 3 potteries, 49 grist m., 59 saw m., 2 oil m., 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $134,755. 1 acad. 20 students, 35 sch. 949 scholars. Pop. 17,900. Venango, t., Crawford co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,100; 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,870. Pop. 1,299. Venango, t., Erie co.. Pa. It has 1 woollen fac, I grist ra., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $3,600. 9 sch. 2,50 scholars. Pop. 812. Venango, t., Butler co.. Pa. It has 1 store, capital $1,600 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Capital in manufac. §3,945. 7 sch. 121 scholars Pop. 822. Verbank, p-o.. Union Vale t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 82 s. by e. Albany, 309 W. Verdiersville, p-o., Orange co., Va., 88 n. w. Richmond, 82 W, Verdon, p-o., Hanover co., Va., 23 n. Rich- mond, 97 W. A^ERGENNES, city, Addison co., Vl., 66 w. by s. Montpeiier, 489 W. This is the only city m VER 678 VER the slate, and lies at the head of navigation on Otter Creek r., 7 miles from its mouth. Vessels of 31)0 tons may come to its wharf, and JIcDon- ough's squadron, by which the victory of Platls- burgh was gained, Sept. 11th, 1814, was fitted out here. Incorporated as a city in 1788. Otter creek is here 500 feet wide, and is divided by an island into 2 channels, with a fall of 37 feet, crea- ting probably the best water power in the state. Tiie iron works here are very extensive. Ore is obtained from Monktoru in the vicinity. It con- tains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist ; 13 stores, cap. $110,000 ; 2 full- ing m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m , 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Capital in inanulac. $3,800. 3 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 1,017. It contains many neat dwellings, and has a romantic appearance. Vkrmilion, bay. La. Situated at the mouth ■of Vermilion r., and connected with the Gulf of Mexico by a strait called Grand Pass. It is con- nected on the E. with Cote Blanche bay. Ver- milion bay has 10 or 12 feet water, but the bar at its entrance has only 5 feet. Vermilio.n, river, La., rises in the N. E. part of Lafayette pari.sh, and flowing s. through its E. part, it enters Vermilion bay. VKRMrLioN, river, O., rises in the n. part of Richland co., and flows n. into Lake Erie, 9 ms. E. Huron. The United States government has improved the harbor at iUs mouth. Veumilio.\, river, HI., rises in Livingston co., and enters Illinois r. in La Salle co., at the fool of the rapids. It has rapids and falls in its lower part, and affords good water power. Bituminous coal, lime, sand, and freestone, are found on its banks. Vermilion, county, la. Situated in the w. part of the state, is long and narrow, and contains 230 sq. miles. Wabash r. flows on its e. border. Watered by Vermilion and Little Vermilion rs., and other small branches of Wabash river. The surface is elevated and gently rolling ; soil, fer- tile, t^apital, Newport. There were in 1810, neat cattle 7,C32, sheep 6,498, swine 23,085 ; whe.-it 51,185 bu.sh. produced, Ind. corn 508,297, oats 83,027, potatoes 18,029, rice 29,051 pounds, tobacco 890; 22 stores, cap. $124,100; 2 tanner- ies, 5 distilleries, 4 flouring m., 3 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $40,825. 13 sch. 426 scholars. Pop. 8,274. Vekmimon, countj', 111. Situated in the k. part of the state, and contains 1,000 sq. ms. The surface is undulating ; soil, fertile. Drained by Big and Little Vermilion rs. and their branches. Capital, Danville. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 13,725, sheep 16,966, swine 35,984; wheat 69.708 bushels produced, rye 6,3J2, Indian com 941,810, potatoes 20,602, tobacco 5,481 pounds, sugar 101,807 ; 24 stores, cap. 889,8U0; 3 tanner- ies, 3 distilleries, 3 potteries, 4 flouring m., 15 grist m., 27 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufactures 863,110. 26 sell. 691 scholars. Pop. 9,303. Vermilion, p-t., Erie co., O., 119 n. Columbus, 389 W. Lake Erie bounds it on the n., and Ver- milion r. flows through its n. e. part into the lake. It abounds .in iron ore, which is extensively wrought. It has a v. of the same name at the mouth of the r. It has 12 sch. 575 scholars. Pop. 1,334. Vermilion, t., Richland co., O. It contains Haysville v. It has 648 scholars in schools. Pop. 2,402. Vermilion, t., Vermilion co., la. It has 1 dis- tillery. Capital in manufac. $1,050. 2 sch. 55 scholars. Pop. 1,540. Vermilionville, p-v., capital of Lafayette par., La. Situated on the w. side of Vermilion r., li m. from it, at the head of navigation, on a beau- tiful plain. It contains a court house, jail, and 250 inhabitants. Vermilionville, p-v.. La Salle co., 111. Sit- uated a little N. E. of Vermilion r. On the r. is abundant water power, and bituminous coal exists in great quantities in the vicinity. VERMONT. Vermont, one of the northern United States, is bounded n. by Lower Canada ; E. by New Hampshire ; s. by Massachusetts ; and w. by New York, from which it is chiefly separated by Lake Champlain. It lies between 42° 44' and 45° n. lat.,and between 71° 38' and 73° 26' w. Ion. It is 157 miles long from n. to s., and 90 miles broad on the northern boundary, and 40 on the southern, and contains 10,212 square miles, or 6,535,630 acres. The population in 1790, was 85,589; in 1800, 154,405; in 1810,217,895; in 1820,235,764; in 1830, 280,679; in 1840, 291,948. Of these 140,.378 are white males ; 144,840 do. females ; 364 colored males ; 306 do. females. Employed in agriculture, 73,150 ; in commerce, 1,303; in manufactures and trades, 13,174; navi- gating the ocean, rivers, &c., 187; learned professions, &c., 1,563. The state is divided into 14 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, were as follows : Addison, 23,583, Middlebury ; Bennington, 16,872, Bennington and Manchester; Caledonia, 21,891, Danville; Chittenden, 22,977, Burlington ; Essex, 4,226, Guildhall ; Frank- lin, 24,531, St. Albans ; Grand Isle, 3,883, North Hero ; Lamoille, 10,475, Hydepark ; Orange, 27,873, Chelsea; Orleans, 13,634, Irasburg ; Rutland, 30,699, Rutland; Washington, 23,506, Montpelier ; Windham, 27,412, Newfane ; Windsor, 40,356, Windsor and Woodstock. l^lontpelier, on Winooski river, 33 miles e. s. e. from Burlington, is the capital. Vermont is a hilly or mountainous country. To the distance of from 5 to 10 miles E. of Lake Champlain the country is moderately uneven, and generally very fertile. A chain of mountains, called the Green mountains, from which the state takes its name, runs almost the whole length of the state, being in the south part from 10 to 15 miles wide, with some intervening valleys. Near the centre of the state the range divides into two parts ; the western continues n., and, though broken, has the highest summits ; while the eastern passes in a n. e. direction, in an unbroken chain. It is a curious fact that this immense barrier has a passage through it, without even any high hills. The southern branch of Onion river, which flows into Lake Champlain. has its source very near to if not in the same swamp with the head of White river, wliich flows into the Connec- VER 679 VER ticut. The road passes along these streams from Burlington through 3Iontpelier to Hartford, Vt., without any considerable elevations or depressions, and is called the valley road, presenting much grand and beautiful scenery. It passes near the base of Camel's Rump, one of the highest peaks of the Green mountains. Before the mountain divides, Killington Peak, 3,675 feet above the level of the sea, is the highest summit, but there are two higher summits after it divides, which arc in the western range. These are Camel's Rump, on the s. side of Onion river, which is 4,188 feet liigh, and Mansfield mountain, the highest of all, on the n. side of Onion river, which is 4,279 feet high. ITie land in the part of the state e. of the mountain ridge, is more hilly than that on the western side. The soil of the state may be regarded as fertile, but is generally better fitted for grazing than for grain. Excellent land for wheat is found throughout the western border of the state near Lake Champlain, and summer wheat succeeds well in most parts of the state. Corn produces the best on the margin of the streams, though it does well in other parts. Even among the Green moun- tains are fine grazing farms. The productions of the state are wheat, rye, Indian com, oats, buck- wheat, peas, and flax. The natural growth of the soil, on the e. of the mountains, is birch, beech, maple, ash, elm, and butternut ; and on the w. the growth of hard wood is intermixed with pine and other evergreens. In 1840 there were in this state, 62,402 horses and mules ; 384,341 neat cattle ; 1,681,819 sheep ; 203,800 swine : poultry to the value of .«131,578. There were produced 495,800 bushels of wheat ; 54,781 of barley; 2,222,584 of oats; 230,993 of rye ; 228,416 of buckwheat ; 8,869,751 of potatoes; 1,119,678 of Indian com; 836,739 tons of hay; 29 of hemp and flax; 4,286 pounds of silk cocoons; 3,699,235 of wool ; 4,647,934 of sugar; 48,137 of hops ; 4,660 of wax. The products of the dairy amounted to $2,008,737; of the orchard to $213,944; of lumber to $349,939; 713 tons of pot and pearl ashes. The exports consist of pot and pearl ashes, beef, pork, butter, cheese, flax, live cattle, &c. The trade e. of the mountains is chiefly to Boston and Hartford ; and w. of the mountains to New York and Montreal, to which it has an easy access through Lake Champlain and the Champlain canal to the Hudson river. The climate is healthy, though the winters are cold. The snow generally lies from December to March, and is often 4 feet deep on the mountains. It is on an average several degrees colder on the eastern than on the western side of the mountains. Lake Champlain is not wholly frozen over until about the 1st of Februarj'. The most important rivers are on the w. side of the state, and flow into Lake Champlain. They are the Otter Creek, 85 miles long, and navigable for sloops 6 miles to Vergennes ; Onion river, which is 80 miles long, and enters the lake 4 miles n. of the village of Burlington ; Lamoille, which is 70 miles long, and Missisque, which has about the same length. Small boats may penetrate these rivers to their lower falls, and they all have sets of fine falls, which furnish excellent mill sea's. The principal rivers on the e. side of the mountains, wliich flow into the Connecticut, are Deerfield, White, Black, and Pasumsic rivers. Lake Champlain, more than two thirds of which is in this state, is estimated to contain 600 square miles. Lake Memphreinagog lies partly in this stale and partly in Canada, and is 40 ms. long, and 7 or 8 wide. Lake Bombazine in Castleton, and Salisbury Pond in Salisburj', are considerable bodies of water. The islands of Lake Champlain are considerably numerous, and some of them are large, fertile, and populous, and, with the peninsula of Alburgh, constitute Grand Isle county. The pruicipal are iS'orth Hero, South Hero, and La Motte. 1'here are various har- bors on Lake Champlain, the j)rincipal of which are those of St. Albans, Burlington, and Vergennes. Burlington is the largest and most commercial town in the state. The other principal towns are Middlebury, St. Albans, Rutland, and Bennington on the w., Montpelier in the centre, and Wind- sor, Woodstock, Danville, and Newbury on the e. side of the mountains. The exports of this state in 1840, amounted to $305,150 ; and the imports to $404,617. Vermont is an agricultural, rather than a commercial or manufacturing state. There were in the state in 1840, 747 retail stores, groceries, J . Y., 16 w. Utica, 108 w. N. w. Albany, 371 W. -The surface is undu kiting; soil, sandy loam and fertile clay. Drain ed by Oneida and Skcnandoa creeks. The v was incorporated in 1827, and contains 3 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 L'nitarian — an academy, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery 100 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. In the vicinity, on Skenandoa cr., is a large gl fac. There are in the t. 13 stores, cap. $66,500 ; 3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 distil- lery, 2 glass houses, 1 printing ofJice, 1 weekly newspaper, 4 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $93,300. 2 acad. 17 schools. Pop. 3,043. Vernon, p-t., Sussex co., N. J., 92 n. by e. Trenton, 260 VV. The surface is covered with mountains, rising in the e. to the height of 1,000 feet. Drained by Warwick cr. and its tributa- ries, Pacack cr. a branch of Pequannock cr., and small branches of Wallkill r. The v. is situated in a valley between 2 mountain ridges, and con tains 1 store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Hamburg V. is in its s. w. angle. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 2 forges, 4 distilleries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in niaimfac. $14,210. 12 sch. 371 scholars. Pop. 2,395. Vernon, t., Crawford co.. Pa. It has 1 ful- Ihig m., 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,070. Pop. 1,240. Vernon, p-v., Kent co., Del., 32 s. s. w. Dover, 116 W. Vernon, p-v., Troup co., Ga., 129 w. Milledge ville, 747 W. Situated on the w. side of Chatta- hoochee r. It contains a Baptist church, an academy, and about 25 dwellings. Vernon, p-v., Autauga co., Ala., 112 .s. e. Tuscaloosa, 852 W. Situated on the n. side of Alabama r., on the e. side of Swift or., at its en- trance into the r. It has about 200 inhabitants. Vernon, p-v., Hickman co., Tcnn., 62 s. w. Nashville, 746 W. Situated on Pine cr., and contains a church and several dwellings. Vernon, p-t., Trumbull co., Ohio, 189 n. e. 86 Columbus, 304 W. It has 7 sch. 257 scholars Pop. 789. Vernon, t., Scioto co., O. Mineral coal and iron ore are abundant. It has 1 sch. 32 scholars. Pop. 902. Vernon, t., Clinton co., O. It has 4 stores, cap. $8,500 ; 2 tanneries, 3 flouring m., 3 grist ra., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,562. 8 sch. 590 scholars. Pop. 1,434. Vernon, p-v., Allen co., Ky., 53 s. w. Frank- fort, 674 W. Vernon, p-v., capital of Jennings co., la., 65 s. E. Indianapolis, 569 W. Situated on the e. side of Vernon fork of Muscatatack r. It con- tains an elegant brick court house, a jail, clerk's office, with a valuable library, contributed by the proprietors of the place, 1 church, common to Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians, 2 stores, and about 250 inhabitants. Vernon, t., Hancock co., la. Pop. 492. Vernon, t., Washington co., la. It has 6 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 cotton fac, 1 sch. 20 schol- ars. Pop. 1,936. Vernon, p-t., Milwaukie co., Wis. It has 1 sch. 17 scholars. Pop. 187. Vernon, p-v., Madison co.. Miss. Situated on the s. e. side of Big Black r. Steamboats ascend to this place a part of the year. It contains about 200 inhabitants. Vernon Centre, p-v., Vernon t., Oneida co., N. Y., 105 w. N. w. Albany, 375 W. Verona, t., Oneida co., N. Y., 20 w. Utica, 116 w. n. w. Albany. The surface is level, with some swamps ; soil, rich mold, blended with sanil. Oneida lake lies on its n. w. bor- der. Drained by Wood cr., which bounds it on tiie N., receiving small tributaries from the t. The Erie canal passes through the I., from which the Oneida Lake canal here branches off. It has 17 stores, cap. $26,600 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen lac, 4 tanneries, 1 glass fac, 2 grist m., 20 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $73,000. 24 sch. 1,218 scholars. Pop. 4,504. Verona, p-o., Calhoun co., Mich. Verona, [)-v., Boone co., Ky., 53 n. Frank- fort, 516 W. Vp:rona, p-v., Vanderburg co., la., 182 s. w. Indianapolis, 737 W. Verplank, p-v., Cortland t., Westchester co., N. Y., 4 s. Peekskill. Situated on the e. side of Hudson r., and has a convenient steamboat landing. It contains 2 stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings. Versailles, p-o., Perrysburgh t., Cattaraugus CO., N. Y., 308 w. by s. Albany, 361 W. Versailles, t., Alleghany co.. Pa., 12 s. e. Pittsburg. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Youghiogheny r. runs on its s. border, and Mo- nongahela r. on is w. boundary. Drained by Turtle creek and Long run. It contains McKees- port and Perriisport villages. It has 2 sch. 113 scholars. Pop. 1,456. Versailles, p-v., Williamson co., Tenn., 38 s. Nashville, 701 W. Versailles, p-v., capital of Woodford co., Ky., 12 s. s. e. Frankfort, 534 W. Situated a little s. of the railroad from Lexington to Frank- fort, to which it is connected by a short branch. It contains a court house, jail, and several stores, and 1,044 inhabitants. Versailles, p-v., capital of Ripley co., la., 69 s. e. Indianapolis, 545 W. Situated on the w. side of Laughery cr., and contains a court house, jail, and about 400 inhabitants. The surround- ing country is well cultivated. Versailles, p-v.. Brown co., Ill- Situated a little N. of McKees cr. VIC 682 VIE Versailles, p-v., capital of Morgan co., Mo., 36 w. by s. of JefTerson City, 1,020 W. It con- tains a court house, jail, and about 200 inhabit- ants. Vershire, p-t., Orange co., Vt., 31 s. E. Mont- pelier, 510 W. The surface is uneven, and in part stony ; soil, adapted to grazing. Watered by Ompompanoosuc r. Chartered in 1781 ; first settled in 1780. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,100; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,300. 16 sch. 436 scholars. Pop. 1,198. Vesper, p-c, Tally t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 135 w. by N. Albany, 332 W. Vestal, p-l., Broome co., N. Y., 147 w. s. w. Albany, 289 W. The surface is ridgy and broken ; soil, fertile on the flats, otherwise hea- vily timbered. Drained by Choconut cr., and other streams flowing into Susquehanna r.,whic1i bounds it on the n. The v. contains a few dwell- ings. It has 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 21 saw m., 8 sch. 371 scholars. Pop. 1,253. Vesuvius Furnace, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 162 w. Nashville, 399 W. Veteran, p-t., Chemung co., N. Y., 11 N. El- mira, 190 w. s. w. Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, a fertile gravelly and clay loam. Drained by the inlet of Seneca lake, which affords good wa- ter power. It has 5 stores, cap. $32,075 ; 3 tan- neries. Cap. in manufac. $4,000. 7 sch. 408 scholars. Pop. 2,279. Vevay, p-v., capital of Switzerland co., la., 94 s. e. Indianapolis, 544 W. Situated on the n. e. bank of Ohio r. Settled by emigrants from Switzerland, and contains a court house of brick, a jail, 7 stores, a printing office, 200 dwellings, many of them of brick, and about 1,200 inhabit- ants. The site is one of the most pleasant on Ohio r. The vine has been extensively and successfully cultivated in this place and the vi- cinity. Vevay, p-t., Ingham co., Mich. The court house of the co. is in the N. E. part of the t. It has 4 sch. 82 scholars. Pop. 223. Vicarage, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 61 w. Raleigh, 347 W. VicKSBURG, city, and capital of Warren co.. Miss., 41 w. by n. Jackson, 1,051 W. Situated on the E. side of Mississippi r., 400 miles above New Orleans, and ihougli of recent origin, it has become a large and flourishing place. It con- tains a court house, jail, 4 churches — 1 Presby- terian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — 3 academies, 2 male and 1 female, 50 wholesale grocery and commission stores, 50 re- tail drygoods stores, a printing ofiice, and 3,104 inhabitants. A number of boats are always ly- ing in the harbor, and a great quantity of cotton is shipped here. The town is situated on the shelving declivity of high hills, and the houses are scattered in groups on tlie terraces. It is just below the Walnut Hills. The country around is very fertile. Steamboats regularly ply between this place and New Orleans. A railroad extends from Vicksburg to Brandon, through Jackson. VicKsviLLE, p-o., Soutliampton co., Va., 64 s. by E. Richmond, 183 W. VicKsviLLE, p-o., Nash CO., N. C. Victor, p-t., Ontario co., N. Y., 12 n.w. Can- andaigua, 203 Albany. The surface is uneven; soil, sandy and clay loam. Drained by 3Iud cr. The v. is siluatetl near the line of the Auburn and Rochester railroad, and contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Universal- ist — 3 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 300 in- habitants. It has 3 stores, cap. $15,000; 2 full- ing m., 2 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 flouring m., 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $140,940. 1 acad. 25 students, 12 sch. 671 scholars. Pop. 2,393. Victoria, p-o., Knox co., 111. Victoria, p-v., Bolivar co.. Miss., 125 n. Jack- son. Situated on the E. bank of Mississippi r. Victory,!., Essex co., Vt., 10 n.w. Guildhall. Watered by Moose r. Chartered in 1781, but has been but little settled. It has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 140. Victory, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 20 n. Au- burn, 169 w. by N. Albany, 352 W. The sur- face is undulating; soil, sandy and gravelly loam. Drained by Sodus cr. The v. contains 2 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $14,200 ; 1 full- ing m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,550. 1 acad. 30 students. 18 sch. 856 scholars. Pop. 2,371. ViDALiA, v., capital of Concordia, par.. La. Situated on the w. side of the Mississippi r., im- mediately opposite to Natchez. It contains a court house and a few dwellings, built on a street parallel with the r. Vienna, p-t., Kennebec co., Me., 23 n. w. Augusta, 618 W. A branch of Sandy r. bounds it on the w. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Incorporated in 1802. It has 1 saw m., 7 sch. 377 scholars. Pop. 891. Vienna, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 3 n. w. Utica, 125 w. by s. Albany. The surface is undula- ting ; soil, generally fertile. Drained by Fish cr., and other streams flowing into Oneida lake, which bounds it in part on the s. Tlie v. is situ- ated near the n. e. comer of Oneida lake. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 1 lum- ber yard, cap. $14,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,950. 22 sch. 822 scholars. Pop, 2,530. Vienna, v., Phelps t., Ontario co., N. Y. Situ- ated on the outlet of Canandaigua lake, at the junction of Flint cr., and contains 3 churches — 2 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist— 1 female semi- nary, 9 stores, 6 flouring m., 4 plaster m., 3 saw m., 2 edge tool fac, 2 clothiers' works, 1 furnace, 2 distilleries, 200 dweUings, and about 1,400 in- habitants. The Auburn and Rochester railroad passes through the place. Vienna, p-v., Dorchester co., Md., 79 s. e. Annapolis. Situated on the w. side of Nanti- coke r., which is navigable to this place for sea vessels. It contains 1 Episcopal and 1 Metho- dist church, and 20 or 30 dwellings. It has con- siderable navigation, and is a port of entry. Tonnage 1840, 15,534. Vienna, p-v., Stokes co., N. C, 123 w. by N. Raleigh, 331 W. Vienna, p-v., Pickens co., Ala., 50 Tus- caloosa, 868 W. Situated on the e. side of Tom- bigbee r., just above the entrance ef Sipsey r., and contains 1 store and about 150 inhabitants. Vienna, p-v., capital of Dooly co., Ga., 85 s. s. w. Milledgeville, 742 W. Situated on Indian cr., and contauis a court house, jail, and about 10 dwellings. Vienna, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 178 n. e. Co- lumbus, 298 W. It has 12 sch. 640 scholars. Pop. 969. Vienna, p-v., Macomb co., Mich. Vienna, t., Genesee co., Mich. Pop. 212. Vienna, p-v., Scott co., la., 85 s. Indianapolis, 585 W. it contains a store and about 60 in- habitants. Vienna, p-v., capital of Johnson co.. El. Sit- uated on the E. fork of Cash r., and contains a court house, jail, 3 stores, and about 30 dwellings. VIR 683 VIR Vienna Cross Roads, p-o., Harmony t., Clarke CO., O. Vigo, county, la. Situated in the w. toward the s. part of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. The surface is level or gently undulating, with a due proportion of forest and prairie ; soil, very fertile. Drained by Wabash r., which is navi- gable, and by Spring, Coal, Otter, Lost, Sugar, Clear, and Honey creeks. The Wabash and Erie canal terminates at Terre Haute. Capital, Terre Haute. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,086, sheep 8,541, swine 31,730 ; wheat 17,654 bush, produced, Ind. corn 718,485, buckwheat 2,268, oats 104,683, potatoes 33,706, sugar 10,117 pounds ; 5 commission houses, cap. $42,400 ; 54 stores, cap. $214,675; 1 furnace, 4 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 flouring m., 9 grist m., 18 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing ollices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $70,444. 29 sch. 1,307 scholars. Pop. 12,076. Village Green, p-v., Ashton t., Delaware CO., Pa., 89 E. Harrisburg, 123 W. It contains a Methodist church and 6 or 8 dwellings. Village Springs, p-o., Blount co., Ala., 81 n. K. Tu.scaloosa. Villa NOV A, p-t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 22 n. E. Mayville, 323 w. by s. Albany, 346 W. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, clay and loam, well adapted to grass. Drained by Connewaiigo cr. and its tributaries. It has 2 stores, capital $2,000; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 6 saw rn. Cap. in manufac. $8,253. 13 sch. 585 scho- lars. Pop. 1,655. Villa Rica, p-o., Carroll co., Ga., 173 n. w. by w. Milledgeville. ViNALUAVEN, pt., Waldo CO., Me., 12 s. E. Camden. The t. consists of the Fox islands, at the moulh of Penobscot bay. There are 3 prin- cipal islands, besides several small islands near them. They contiiin good harbors, and are well situated for navigation, and particularly the fish- eries. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain and to grazing. It has 7 stores, cap. $16,000; 1 tan- nery, 2 grist m.. 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,800. 13 sch. 766 scholars. Pop. 1,950. ViNCENNEs, p-v., capital of Kno.v co., la., 118 Indianapolis, 683 W. Situated on the E. bank of Wabash r., 100 ms. above its entrance into the Ohio, with a fine prairie of several thousand acres, on the N. E. and s. It is the oldest town in the state, having been established by the French in 1730 as a trading post. It contains a brick court house, a county jail, a seminary, a female semi- nary, a library of over l,.50O vols., a U. S. land office, 3 churches of brick, 22 stores, numerous mechanic shops, 1 wind m., 2 cotton fac:, 2 print- ing offices, issuing 2 weekly newspapers, 350 dwellings, and about 2,000 inhabitants, one fifth of whom are French. The v. extends over half a m. along the river bank, and has wide streets, crossing each other at right angles. The r. is navigable to this place for steamboats. The r., opposite the v., is 230 yards wide. Vincent, p-t., Chester co.. Pa., 30 n. w. Pliil- adelphia, 73 s. e. Harrisburg, 153 W. The sur- face is hilly ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Stony, French, and Riding creeks. Schuylkill r. runs on its n. e. border. Pop. 2,426. (See E. and W. Vincent.) ViNCENTON, p-v., Northampton t., Burlington CO., N. J., 26 s. Trenton, 160 W. Situated on the s. branch of Rancocus cr., at the junction of Stop- the-Jade cr., and contains 2 churches — 1 free to all denominations and 1 Friends — 4 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and about 40 dwellings. Vineyard, p-t., Grand Isle co., Vt., 78 n. w. Montpelier, 551 W. It consists of Isle La Motte or Vineyard, in Lake Charaplain. It was char- tered by tlie former name in 1799, and received its present name in 1802. First settled in 1785. It contains 4,620 acres. The soil is generally fertile, and a marsh across the island affords ex- cellent cedar. Good building and lime stone arc found. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500. Pop. 435. Vineyard, t., Washington co.. Ark. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 2 flouring iri,, 6 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $29,160. 1 acad. 40 students, 1 sch. 33 scho- lars. Pop. 837. Vineyard Mills, p-o., Huntingdon co., Pa., 87 w. Harrisburg, 135 W. ViNEY Fork, p-o., Madison co., Ky., 56 s. E. Frankfort, 546 W Vinton, p-v., Huntingdon t., Gallia co., C, 92 s. by E. Columbus, 367 W. Situated on the w. side of Big Racoon cr., 20 ms. from its entrance into Ohio r., and contains an academy, 3 stores, 2 grist and saw m., and about 75 inhabitants. Mineral coal and iron ore are abundant in the vicinity. Vinton, t., Athens co., O. Drained by Ra- coon cr. It has 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,700. 1 sch. 28 scholars. Pop. 227. Violet, t., Fairfield co., O. Pop. 2,378. Virgil, p-t., Cortland co., N. Y., 149 Albany, 308 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertilo sandy and clay loam. Drained by East Owego cr. and Toughnioga r. The v. contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 3 stores, 1 tannery, 40 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $19,000 ; I fulling m., 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,730 ; 35 sch. 1,515 scholars. Pop. 4,502. VIRGINIA. Virginia, the northernmost of the southern United States, is hounded n. by Pennsylvania and Maryland, from which it is separated by the Potomac ; e. by the Atlantic ; s. by North Carolina and Tennessee ; w. by Kentucky ; and n. w. by Ohio. It lies between 36° 33' and 40° 43' n. lat., and between 75° 25' and 83° 40' w. long. ; and between 6° 34' w., and P 20' e. long, from W. It is 370 miles long, and 200 broad at its greatest width, containing 64,000 sq. miles, or 40,960,000 acres. The population in 1790, was 747,610; in 1800, 886,149; in 1810, 974,622; in 1820, 1,065,366; in 1830, 1,211,272; in 1840, 1,239,797, of which 448,987 were slaves. Of the free white population 371,223 were white males; 369,745 do. females; 23,814 were colored males; 26,020 do. females. Employed in agriculture, 318,771 ; in commerce, 6,361 ; in manufactures and trades, 5-1,147; navi- gating the ocean, 582; do. canals, rivers, and lakes, 2,952; learned profession.s, &c., 3,866. Tlus state is divided into 119 counties, and two districts, Eastern and Western. The following are the counties of the Eastern District, with their population in 1840, and their capitals. Acco- MAC, 17,096, Accomac C. H.; Albemarle, 22,924, Charlottesville; Amelia, 10,320, Amelia VIR 684 VIR C. II. ; Amherst, 12,576, Amherst C. H. ; Bedford, 20,203, Liberty ; Brunswick, 14,346, Law- renceville ; Buckingham, 18,786, Buckingham C. H. ; Campbell, 21,030, Campbell C. H.; Car- oline, 17,813, Bowling Green; Charles City, 4,774, Charles City C. H. ; Charlotte, 14,595, Charlotte C. H. ; Chesterfield, 17,148, Chesterfield C. H. ; Culpepper, 11,393, Culpepper C. H. ; Cumberland, 10,399, Cumberland C II.; Dinwiddie, 22,558, Dinwiddle C. H. ; Elizabeth City, 3,706, Hampton ; Essex, 11,309, Tappahannock ; Fairfax, 9,370, Fairfax C. H. ; FAuauiER, 21,897, Warrenton ; Fluvan.\a, 8,812, Palmyra; Franklin, 15,832, Rocky Mount ; Gloucester, 10,715, Gloucester C. H. ; Goochland, 9,760, Goochland C. H. ; Greensville, 6,366, Hicksford; Greene, 4,232, Stannardsville ; Halifax, 25,936, Halifax C. H.; Hanover, 14,968, Hanover C. H. ; Henrico, 33,076, Richmond; Henry, 7,335, Martinsville; Isle of Wight, 9,972, Smith- field ; James City, 3,779, Williamsburg ; King George, 5,927, King George C. H. ; King Wil- liam, 9,258, King William C. H. ; King and Queen, 10,862, King and Queen C. H. ; Lancas- ter, 4,628, Lancaster C. H. ; Loudoun, 20,431, Leesburg; Louisa, 15,433, Louisa C. H. ; Lunen- burg, 11,055, Lunenburg C. H. ; Madison, 8,107, Madison ; Matthews, 7,442, Matthews C. H. ; Mecklenburg, 20,724, Boydton ; Middlesex, 4,392, Urbanna; Nansemond, 10,795, Suffolk; JSelson, 12,287, Livingston; New Kent, 6,230, New Kent C. 11. ; Norfolk, 27,569, Norfolk; Northampton, 7,715, Eastville ; Northumberland, 7,924, Northumberland C. H. ; Nottoway, 9,719, Nottoway C. II. ; Orange, 9,125, Orange C. H. ; Patrick, 8,032, Patrick C. H. ; Pittsyl- vania, 26,398, Pittsylvania C. H. ; Powhatan, 7,924, Scottsville ; Princess Anne, 7,285, Prin- cess Anne C. H. ; Prince Edward, 14,069, Prince Edward C. II. ; Prince George, 7,175, City Point; Prince William, 8,144, Brentsville ; Rappahannock, 9,257, Washington; Richmond, 5,965, Richmond C. H. ; Southampton, 14,525, Jerusalem ; Spotsylvania, 15,161, Spotsylvania C. II.; Stafford, 8,454, Falmouth; Surry, 6,480, Surry C. H. ; Sussex, 11,229, Sussex C. H.; Warwick, 1,456, Warwick C. H. ; Westmoreland, 8,019, Westmoreland C. IT. ; York, 4,720, Yorktown :— 369,398 whites, 42,294 free colored, 395,250 slaves ; total, 806,942. Western District— Alleghany, 2,749, Covington ; Augusta, 19,628, Staunton ; Bath, 4,300, Bath ; Berkley, 10,972, Martinsburg; Botetourt, 11,679, Fincastle ; Braxton, 2,575, Braxton C. H. ; Brooke, 7,948, Wellsburg; Cabell, 8,163, Cabell C. H.; Clarke, 6,353, Berryville ; Fayette, 3,924, Fayette- ville; P'loyd, 4,453, Floyd C. H. ; Frederick, 14,242, Winchester; Giles, 5,307, Giles C. H. ; Grayson, 9,087, Greensville; Greenbrier, 8,695, Lewi-sburg; Hampshire, 12,295 Romney; IIardy', 7,622, Moorefield ; Harriso.n, 17,669, Clarksburg; Jackson, 4,890, Ripley; Jefferson, 14,082, Charlestown ; Kanawha, 13,567, Charleston ; Lee, 8,441, Jonesville ; Lewis, 8,151, Wes- ton ; Logan, 4,309, Logan C. H. ; Marshall, 6,937, Elizabethtown ; Mason, 6,777, Point Plea- sant ; Mercer, 2,233, Princeton; Monongalia, 17,368, Morgantown; Monroe, 8,422, Union; Montgomery, 7,405, Christiansburg; Morgan, 4,253, Berkley Springs ; Nicholas, 2,515, Sum- mersville; Ohio, 13,357, Wheeling; Page, 6,194, Surry; Pendleton, 6,940, Franklin; Poca- hontas, 2,922, Huntersville ; Preston, 6,866, Kingwood ; Pulaski, 3,739, Newbern; Randolph, 6,208, Beverly; Roanoke, 5,499, Salem ; Rockbridge, 14,284, liexington : Rockingham, 17,344, Harrisonburg; Russell, 7,878, Lebanon ; Scott, 7,303, Estiuville ; Shenandoah, 11,618, Wood- stock; Smythe, 6,522, Marion ; Tazewell, 6,290, Jeffersonville ; Tyler, 6,954, Middlebourne; Warren, 5,627, Front Royal; Washington, 13,001, Abingdon; Wood, 7,923, Parkersburg ; Wythe, 9,375, Wytheville. Western District, whites 371,570, free colored 7,548, slaves 53,737; total, 432,855. Richmond is the capital of the state, situated on the n. side of James river, at the head of tide- water, and just below its lower falls. This state has a great variety of surface and soil. From the Atlantic to the lower falls on the rivers, which includes a tract of from 110 to 130 miles in width, the country is low and flat, in some places marshy, but extensively sandy, covered with the pitch pine. On the margin of the rivers, the soil is often rich. This is denominated the low country, and is unhealthy from August to October. Between the head of tidewater and the Blue Ridge, the country becomes uneven and hilly, and more so as it approaches the mountains. The soil in this region is some of it sandy and poor ; some of it is fertile, particularly on the margins of the rivers. Toward the mountains the country is stony and broken, though the soil is often rich. Tlie first ridge of mountains in this state is generally about 150 miles from the ocean. Beyond tliis the country is mountainous, trav- ersed by successive ridges of the Alleghany, which occupies a greater breadth of country in Vir- ginia than in any other state. Between the various ridges, however, there are long valleys or table land, parallel with them, often of considerable breadth, and containing some of the best and most pleasant land in Virginia. The farms are here smaller than in other parts of the state, better culti- vated, and there are fewer slaves. The climate in this region is very healthy. The soil in the tidewater country is generally poor, producing Indian com, oats, and peas. Wlieat is raised in some parts of it, and a little rice in the swamps in its southern part. Between tidewater and the mountains is the tobacco country ; but in the northern upland counties wheat has extensively superseded tobacco ; and south of James river, sulRcient cotton is raised for home VIR 685 VIR consumption. The soutlicastern counties produce apples and peaclies in great abundance. Among the mountains, the farmers raise large niunbers of cattle and hogs. Indian corn is cultivated throughout the state. l"he country west of the mountains toward the Oliio, is rough and wild — sometimes, but not genprally fertile ; but very rich as a mineral region. There were in this state in 1840, 326,438 hor.ses and mules; ],024,148 neat cattle ; 1,293,772 sheep; 1,992,155 swine ; poultry to the value of $754,098. There were produced 10,109,716 bush- els of wheat; 87,430 of barley ; 13,451,062 of oats ; 1,482,799 of rye; 243,822 of buckwheat ; 34,577,591 of Indian corn ; 2,538,374 pounds of wool-; 10,597 of hops ; 65,020 of wax ; 2,944,660 bushels of potatoes ; 364,708 tons of hay ; 25,594 of hemp and flax ; 75,347,106 ponnd.s of tobacco ; 2,956 of rice ; 3,494,483 of cotton ; 3,191 of silk cocoons ; 1,541,833 of sugar. The products of the dairy were valued at $1,480,488 ; of the orchard $705,765 ; value of lumber produced $538,092 ; 13,911 gallons of wine were made. The mineral wealth of Virginia is very great. Gold, copper, lead, iron, coal, salt, limestone, and marble are found, together with a number of valuable mineral springs. An attention to the business of mining has recently been excited, and in 1840, 2,000 persons were employed in it. The belt of country in wluch gold is found, extends through Spotsylvania county and the adjacent country, and in a s. w. direction, passes into North and South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. The gold in this state is not sufficiently concentrated to render it profitable, excepting in a few places, to engage in mining it. The coal fields in Virginia are very extensive, and afford both the bituminous and the anthracite. Large quantities have been obtained and exported from the vicinity of Richmond. Salt springs have been found in various places, and salt has been exten- sively manufactured on the Great Kanawha river, near Charleston. The warm springs, at Bath, the hot springs, a few miles distant, the sulphur springs, in Greenbrier and Montgomery counties, and the sweet springs, of Botetourt county, are much resorted to by those in pursuit of health and of pleasure. The natural bridge, in Rockbridge county, and Weyer's cave, in Augusta county, are great curiosities. The staple productions of the state are wheat and tobacco The Potomac river separates this state from Maryland. James river is the largest which belongs to this state. It is 500 miles in length, and flows from the mountains in the interior, behind the Blue Ridge, througli which it passes. It is navigable for sloops 120 miles, and for boats much fur- ther, and enters into Chesapeake bay. The Appomattox is 130 miles long, and enters James river 100 miles above Hampton roads, and is navigable 12 miles, to Petersburg. The Rappahannock rises in tiie Blue Ridge, is 130 miles long, is navigable 110 miles for sloops, and enters into the Chesapeake. York river enters the Chesapeake 30 miles below the Rappahannock, and is naviga- ble 40 miles for ships. The Shenandoah enters the Potomac just before its passage through the Blue Ridge. Of the rivers vv.of the mountains, the Great Kanawha rises in North Carolina, passes through this state and enters the Ohio. The Little Kanawha also enters into the Ohio. The Mo- noiigahcla rises in this state, though it runs chiefly in Pennsylvania. The lower part of Chesapeake bay lies wholly in this state, is 15 miles wide at its mouth, and enters the Atlantic between Cape Charles and Cape Henry. Norfolk, 8 miles from Hampton roads, has a fine harbor, much the best in the state, spacious, safe, and well defended ; and it is the most commercial place in Virginia : but Richmond and Petersburg are more populous, and have an extensive trade. Besides these, \\lieeling, Lynchburg, Fredericksburg, and Winchester, are principal places. The exports of this state in 1840, amounted to $4,778,220 ; and the imports to $545,685. There w-erc 31 commercial and 64 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $4,299,500 ; 2,736 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $16,684,413; 1,454 persons employed in the lumber trade, with a capital of $113,210 ; 931 persons engaged in internal transportation, who, with 103 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $100,680 ; 556 persons employed in the fish- eries, with a capital of $23,333. The manufactures of Virginia are not so extensive as those of some states inferior to it in terri- tory and population. There were in 1840, domestic or family manufactures to the amount of $2,441,672 ; 41 woollen manufactories and 47 fulling mills, employing 222 person.", producing arti- cles to the amount of $147,792, with a capital of $112,350 ; 22 cotton manufactories, with 42,262 .spindles, employing 1,816 persons, producing articles to the amount of $446,063, with a capital of $1,299,020; 42 furnaces producing 18,810 tons of cast-iron, and 52 forges, &c., producing 5,886 tons of bar-iron, the whole employing 1,742 persons, and a capital of $1,246,650; 11 smelting houses employed 131 persons, and produced gold to the amount of $51,758, employing a capital of $103,650 ; 5 smelting houses employed 73 persons, and produced 878,648 pounds of lead, employing a capital of $21,500 ; 12 paper manufactories, producing articles to the amount of $216,245, and other paper manufactories producing $1,260, the whole employing 181 persons, and a capital of $287,750; 3,342 persons manufactured tobacco to the amount of $2,406,671, employing a capital of $1,526,080 ; VIR 696 VIR hats and caps were manufactured to the amount of $155,778, and straw bonnets to the amount of $14,700, the whole employing 340 persons, and a capital of $85,640 ; 660 tanneries employed 1,422 persons, and a capital of $838,141 ; 983 other leather manufactories, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the amount of $826,597, and employed a capital of $341,957 ; 4 glass-houses, and 2 glass- cutting establishments employed 164 persons, producing articles to the value of $146,500, with a capital of $132,000 ; 33 potteries employed 64 persons, producing articles to the amount of $31,330, with a capital of $10,225 ; 36 persons produced drugs, paints, &c., to the amount of $66,633, with a capital of $61,727; 445 persons produced machinery to the amount of $429,858; 150 persons produced hardware and cutlery to the amount of $50,504 ; 262 persons manufactured 9,330 small- arms ; 40 persons manufactured granite and marble to the amount of $16,652; 1,004 persons pro- duced bricks and lime to the amount of $393,253 ; carriages and wagons were manufactured to the amount of $647,815, employing 1,592 persons, and a capital of $311,625 ; 1,454 distilleries produced 865,725 gallons, and 5 breweries produced 32,960 gallons, employing 1,631 persons, and a capital of $187,212; 764 flouring mills produced 1,041,526 barrels of flour, and with other mills employed 3,961 persons, producing articles to the amount of $7,855,499, with a capital of $5,184,669 ; ships were built to the amount of $136,807 ; 675 persons manufactured furniture to the amount of $289,391 ; 402 brick or stone, and 2,604 wooden houses were built, employing 4,694 persons, and cost $1,367,393; 50 printing offices, and 13 binderies, 4 daily, 12 semi-weekly, and 35 weekly newspapers, and 5 periodicals, employed 310 persons, and a capital of $168,850. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures in the state was $11,360,861. William and Mary College, at Williamsburg, is the oldest in the state, and one of the oldest in the country, and was founded in 1G91. Hampden Sidney College, in Prince Edward county, was founded in 1783, and is flourishing. Washington College, at Lexington, was founded in 1812. Randolph Macon College, was founded at Boydton in 1832. There are theological schools at Richmond, in Prince Edward county, and in Fairfax county. But the most important literary institution in the state, is the University of Virginia, at Charlottesville, founded in 1819. Its plan is extensive, its endowment has been munificent, and it is a prosperous institution. In all these, with a few smaller mstitutions, there were in 1840, 1,097 students; there were in the state, also, 3S2 acade- mies, with 11,083 students ; 1,561 common and primary schools, with 35,331 scholars; and 58,787 white persons over 20 years of age who could neither read nor write. The Baptists, the most numerous religious ilenomination, have about 437 churches ; the Presby- terians 120; the Episcopalians, 65 ministers; the Methodists 170. There are also a few Luther- ans, Catholics, Unitarians, Friends, and Jews. In January, 1840, there were in this state 8 banks and branches, with a capital of $3,637,400, and a circulation of $2,513,412. At the close of the same year the public debt amounted to $6,857,161. There is a state penitentiary located at Richmond. The first constitution of Virginia was formed in 1776. This was altered and amended by a con- vention assembled for that purpose, in 1830. The executive power is vested in a governor, elected by the joint vote of the two houses of the general assembly. He is chosen for three years, but is ineligible for the next three. There is a council of state, elected in like manner for three year.s, the seat of one being vacated every year. The senior councillor is lieutenant-governor. The senators can never be more than 36, and the delegates than 150 ; and both are apportioned anew among the counties every 10 years, commencing with 1841. The senators are elected for 4 years, and the seats of one fourth of them are vacated every year. The delegates are chosen annually. All appointments to any office of trust, honor, or profit, by the legislature, are given openly, or viva voce, and not by ballot. The judges of the supreme court of appeals, and of the superior courts, are elected by the joint vote of both houses of the general assembly, and liold their offices during good behavior, or until removed by a joint vote of two thirds of the legislature. The right of sufl^rage is extended to every resident white male citizen of 21 years of age, enti- tled to vote by the former constitution ; or who owns a freehold valued at $25 ; or a joint interest in a freehold to that amount ; or who has a life estate, or a reversionary title to land valued at $50, having been so possessed for 6 months ; or who shall own, or be in occupation of, a leasehold estate, having been recorded 2 months, for a term not less than 5 years, to the annual value or rent of $200 ; or who for 12 months shall have been a housekeeper and head of a family, and paid the taxes assessed by the commonwealth. Virginia has undertaken several important works of internal improvement, by chartering private companies, several of which have been liberally aided by the state. The Dismal Swamp canal connects Chesapeake bay with Albemarle sound, extending from Deep creek to Joyce's creek, 23 miles, at a cost of $879,864. It has branches of 11 miles. I'he Alexandria canal extends 7i ms., from Georgetown to Alexandria. The James River and Kanawha canal extends 175 miles, from Richmond to Buchanan. The Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac railroad extends 75 miles, to Aquia creek. Louisa branch, 25 miles from Richmond, proceeds 49 miles, to Gordonsville; WAB 687 WAB Richmond and Petersburg railroad, from Richmond, extends 23 miles, to Petersburg. Petersburg and Roanoke railroad extends from Petersburg, 59 miles, to Weidon. Greensville railroad extends from near Hicks, for 18 miles, to Gaston, N. C. City Point railroad extends from Petersburg, 12 miles, to City Point. Chesterfield railroad extends from Coal Mines, 13i miles, to Richmond. Portsmouth and Roanoke railroad extends from Portsmouth, 3 miles, to Weidon, N. C. Winchester and Potomac railroad extends from Harper's Ferry, 32 miles, to Winchester. Virginia is sometimes denominated the Ancient Dominion, having been settled in April, 1607, at Jamestown, on James river, which was the first white settlement in the United States. It was named Virginia, in honor of Queen Elizabeth, by Sir Walter Raleigh, to whom she granted the country. He attempted a settlement of it, which failed. The grant was vacated by the execution and attainder of that nobleman, under James I. The country was then granted to two companies, the London company and the Plymouth company, and called South and North Virginia. By the former the country was settled, and Jamestown was named in honor of their royal patron. This country suffered many disasters arising from the turbulence of its citizens, the wars with the In- dians, and the tyranny of the royal governors. Virginia was a very loyal province, and was at- tached to the royal party in the revolution of 1688 ; and was among the first to proclaim Charles XL, at the restoration. The Church of England was established by law, in 1662. Virginia had the high honor, in 1732, of being the birth-place of George Washington, and it was as an officer of her colonial militia that he commenced his career of military glory. Tliis state was among the first to resist ihe aggressions of the mother country, and her sages and her yeomen bore a distin- guished part in the struggles of the revolution. Her Patrick Henry, as a revolutionary orator, her Washington, as the greatest and the best in the field and in the cabinet, and her Jefferson, Mad- ison, and Monroe, as presidents of the United States, and her Marshall, as chief-justice, have con- ferred distinguished honor on their country. In convention, June 23tli, 1788, the constitution of the United States was adopted — yeas 89, nays 79 ; majority, 10. It will be found that the constitution was adopted with most difficulty where the spirit of freedom was the most jealous. Virginia, p-v., capital of Cass co., 111., 36 w. Springfield, 800 W. It contains a court house, jail, 2 sell. 73 scholars, and 254 inhabitants. Virginia, t., Coshocton co., O. It has 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Pop. 1,105. Virginia Mills, p-o., Buckingham co., Va., 69 Richmond, M3 W^ Virginia Mine.s, p-o., Franklin co., Mo. ViRGiNsviLLE, p-v., Berks co., Pa., 63 E. Har- risburg, 160 W. ViscHERS Ferry, p-o., Clifton Park t., Sara- toga CO., N. Y., 17 Albany, 337 W. Vista, p-o., Lewisborough t., Westchester co., N. Y., 119 s. Albany, 276 W. VoLiNiA, p-t., Cass CO., Mich. The soil is very fertile, well adapted to grain, having pro- duced in a year over 40 bushels of wheat and Indian corn to each man, woman, and child in the t. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 3 sch. 83 scholars. Pop. 411. VoLNEY, p-t., Oswego CO., N. Y., 152 Albany, 375 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, sandy loam, well adapted to grass. Drained by Big Black cr., flowing into Oswego r., which bounds it on the w. It has 7 stores, cap. $11,200 ; 1 tan- nery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,000 ; 1 acad. 147 students, 18 sch. 939 scho- lars. Pop. 3,155. VoLUNTowN, p-t., Windham co., Ct., 56 Hart- ford, 374 W. The surface is uneven, with some plains ; soil, a light sandy and gravelly loam. Drained by Pachaug r. and a brancli of Wood r It contains 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist churcJi. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,500; 2 cotton fac. 2,760 sp., 9 sch. 378 scholars. Pop. 1,185. Volusia, p-o., Westfield t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 348 w. by s. Albany, 351 W. Volusia, v., Leigh Read co., Flor. Situated on the N. E. side of St. John's r., 6 ms. above Lake George. It is a military post, and has long been occupied as a plantation. The soil is fertile shell loam, rising into considerable eminences. A road is open from this place to Tampa Bay. w. Wabash, r., la., rises in Darke co., O., and flowing into la., pursues a n. w. course to Hun- tington CO., where it approaches the junction of St. Joseph's r. with the St. Mary's to form Mau- mee r., receiving Little r. from the n. e. at this point. It then crosses the state in a w. and s. w. direction, receiving on the s. side Salamanic and Missisinewa rivers, and on the n. side Eel and Tippecanoe rivers ; and a little below Terre Haute it becomes the boundary between la. and III. to its entrance into the Ohio, 127 miles above the Mississippi, and 68 miles above the mouth of Cumberland r. It is the largest tributary of the Ohio on the .n. side, and probably the second in its whole course. It is navigable for steamboats to La Fayette, and, by means of the Wabasii and Erie canal, connects Lake Erie with the Oliio r. Wabash, county, la. Situated centrally in the N. part of the state, and contains 415 sq. ms. Watered by Wabash, Eel, and Salamanic rivers. The surface and the soil arc various. Organized in 1832. Capital, Wabash. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,775, sheep 1,065, swine 9,468 ; wheat 8,705 bushels produced, Indian corn 75,644, oats 9,.556, potatoes 14,397, sugar 20,190; 11 stores, capital $26,190; 4 tanneries, 6 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,300. 2 schools 45 scholars. Pop. 2,756. Wabash, county. III. Situated toward the s. e. part of the state, and contains 180 square ms. Wabash r. runs on its e. and s. border, and Bon Pas cr. on its w. border. Drained by Crawfish, Jordan, and Coff'ee creeks. The soil is generally fertile. Organized from Edwards co., in 1824. Capital, Mount Carmel. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,570, slieep 3,602, swine 10,392; wheat 19,156 bush, produced, bid. corn 166,659, barley 1,391, oats 51,002, potatoes 12,533, tobacco WAG 688 WAL 9,978 pounds/sugar 2,295 ; 11 stores, cap. $50,900 ; 6 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manut'ac. $55,200. 2 acad. 32 students, 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 4,210. Wabash, p-v., capital of Wabash co., la., 93 n. by E. Indianapolis, 582 W. Situated on the n. side of Wabash r. It contains a court house, jail, and about 125 inhabitants. Wabash, t., Adams co., la. Pop. 206. Wabash, t.. Fountain co., la. It has 170 schol- ars in schools. Pop. 1,135. Wabash, t., Gibson co., la. Pop. 331. Wabash, t., Tippecanoe co., la. It has 3 sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 1,009. Wabash, p-o., Wayne co., 111., 155 s. E. Spring- field, 741 W. Wabassee, county, Mich. Situated toward the N. w. part of the peninsula, and contains 576 sq. ms. Drained by Manistee and Grand Traverse rivers. (It is unorganized.) Wableau, t., Henry co., Mo. It has 2 sch. 53 scholars. Pop. 836. Waccamavv, p-o., Brunswick co., N. C, 151 s. Raleigh, 436 W. Wachusett, mt., Princeton t., Worcester co., Mass., is an isolated peak in the n. part of the t., rising 3,000 feet above the level of the sea, and is the highest land in the state e. of Connecticut r. The view from its summit is extensive, beau tiful, and grand, and it is frequently visited. Wacoochee, p-v., Russell co., Ala., 187 e. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 774 W. Situated n. of Wacoo- chee r. Waconda Creek, t., Carroll co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 26 scholars. Pop. 1,041. Wacousta, p-v., Clinton co., Mich., 101 N. w. Detroit, 604 W. Waddam's Grove, p-t., Stephenson co., El., 212 N. Springfield, 844 W. It has 2 sch. 31 schol- ars. Pop. 347. Waddington, p-v., Madrid t., St. Lawrence CO., N. Y., 228 N. N. w. Albany, 495 W. Situa- ted on the s. e. side of St. Lawrence r., opposite to Ogden's island, with which it is connected by a bridge. Incorporated in 1839, and contains an Episcopal church, 12 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 paper m., 1 woollen fac, 1 fur- nace, 1 tannery, 90 dwellings, and about 600 in- habitants. Wade's, p-o., Bedford co., Va., 137 w. Rich- mond, 212 W. Wadesborough, p-v., capital of Anson co., N. C, 143 s. e. Raleigh, 412 W. Situated on the n. side of Neuse r., and contains a court house, jail, several stores, and about 600 inhabitants. Wadesborough, p-v., capital of Callaway co., Ky., 255 s. w. Frankfort, 782 W. It contains a court house, jail, and 165 inhabitants. Wadeville, p-v., Owen co., la., 47 s. w. In- dianapolis, 617 W. Wadham's Mills, p-o., Westport t., Essex co., N. Y., 131 N. Albany, 502 W. Wading River, p-v., Riverhead t., SuflTolk co., N. Y., 215 s. s. E. Albany, 295 W. Situated on a small inlet of the same name, about 1 mile from Long Island sound. It contains a church, a grist m., and about 30 dwellings. Wadley's Falls, p-v., Strafford co., N. H., 36 E. Concord, 483 W. Wadsworth, p-t., Medina co., O., 127 n. n. E. Columbus, 312 W. It has 3 stores, capital $11,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in mauufac. $11,085. 1 acad. 73 stu- dents, 8 sch. 252 scholars. Pop. 1,481. Wagontovvn, p-v., Chester co.. Pa., 62 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 132 W. Wahorlock, p-o., Kemper co., Miss., 130 e. N. E. .lackson, 891 W. Waite, p-o., Washington co., Me., 229 e. Au- gusta, 815 W. Waitsfield, p-t., Washington co., Vt., 19 s. w. Montpelier, 506 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile, particularly along the streams, where are fine intervales. Watered by Mad r., and its tributaries, which afford water power. It con- tains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Union. It has 2 stores, cap. $8,600 ; 2 full- ing m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 5 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $8,475. 9 sch. 396 scholars. Pop. 1,048. Wakatomika, p-o., Washington t., Coshocton CO., O., 75 N. e. Columbus, 351 W. Wake, county, N. C. Situated in the centre of the state, and contains 1,140 sq. ms. Drained by Neuse r. and its branches. Capital, Raleigh. There were in 1840, neat cattle 15,248, sheep 11,574, swine 38,883; wheat 38,379 bushels pro- duced, rye 79,011, Ind. corn 535,274, oats 79,011, potatoes 5.5,965, rice 550 pounds, tobacco 54,247, cotton 2,391,996 ; 53 stores, capital .$223,320; 67 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 33 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 5 weekly and 1 semi-weekly newspapers. Capital in manufac. $1,514. 1 college 77 students, 13 acad. 283 stu- dents, 10 sch. 109 scholars. Pop. whites 12,113, slaves 7,996, free col'd 1,009; total, 21,118. Wakefield, p-t., Carroll co., N. H., 46 n. e. Concord, 527 W. Province pond is in its n. ex- tremity, and discharges its waters into Saco r. Loveli's pond, in the s. part of the t., is celebra- ted for a memorable battle with the Indians, in 1725, in which Capt. Lovell and his party were destroyed. The pond has received the name of the unfortunate commander. Incorporated in 1774. Salmon Falls r. rises in several ponds in the t. It has 5 stores, cap. $5,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 cotton fac. 500 sp., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,600. 9 sch. 361 schol- ars. Pop. 1,396. Wakefield, p-v., Kingston t., Washington co., R. I., 37 s. Providence, 393 W. It contains a church and about 30 inhabitants. Wakefield, p-v., Carroll co., iMd., 63 n. n. w. Annapolis, 69 W. Wakefield, p-v., Wake co., N. C, 20 N. Ra- leigh, 278 W. Wake Forest, p-o.. Wake co., N. C, 15 n. Raleigh, 273 W. Wakema.v, p-t., Huron co., O., 12 e. Norwalk, 107 N. N. E. Columbus, 385 W. It was formerly called Jessup, and has 6 stores, cap. $45,000 ; 5 commission houses, cap. $23,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $42,350. 5 sch. 155 scholars. Pop. 702. Waldkn, p-t., Caledonia co., Vt., 29 n. e. Mont- pelier, 544 W. The head branches of Onion and Lamoille rivers rise here. Joe's pond, in the s. part, discharges its waters into Pasump.sic river. The surface is elevated and uneven ; soil, fertile, particularly in the n. w. part. It contains a church, common to several denominations. Char- tered in 1780; first settled in 1789. It lias 2 stores, cap. $5,300 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,050. 10 sch. 266 scholars. Pop. 913. Waluen, p-v., Montgomery t., Orange co., N. v., 90 s. by w. Albany,"293 W. Situated on the E. bank of Wallkill r., and contains 1 church, 3 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 satinet fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 70 dwellings, and about 400 hihabitants. Waldensville, p-o., Schoharie co., N. Y., 27 w. Albany, 391 W. Waldo, county. Me, Centrally situated in WAL 689 WAL the s. part of the state, and contains 812 sq. ms. Bounded e. by Penobscot r. and bay. The sur- face is undulating ; soil, fertile. Watered by St. George and Marsh river.s, and branches of Sebas- ticook r. Penobscot bay and river afford great facilities for navigation. Capital, Belfast. There were in 1840, neat cattle 27,826, sheep 55,318, swine 10,451; wheat 78,304 bush, produced, rye G,71'.t, Ind. com 52,784, barley 30,103, oats 84,088, potatoes 1,066,424, sugar 4,675 pounds ; l'J6 stores, cap. $368,895; 18 lumber yards, cap. $54,400; cap. invested in fisheries, $72,373 ; 13 fulling m., 26 tanneries, 41 grist m., 117 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $398,437. 4 acad. 1,946 students, 267 sch. 14,740 scholars. Pop. 41,509. Waldo, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 7 w. n. w. Bel- fast, 47 E. N. E. Augusta, 611 W. Drained by streams flowing into Belfast bay, and which af- ford water power. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 8 saw m., 4 .sch. 329 scholars. Pop. 721. Waldo, p-v., Moore co., N. C, 62 s. w. Nash- ville, 350 W. Waldoborough, p-t., and port of entry, Lin- coln CO., Me., 30 s. E. Augusta, 606 W. W.atered by Muscongus r., whicli enters Muscongus bay. The bay bounds it on the s. w. The surface is gently uneven ; soil, fertile. Incorporated in 1773. It has considerable navigation and ship- building, and contains 22 stores, cap. $29,900 ; 3 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 4 grist m., 10 saw ni. Cap. in manu- fac. §113,421. 1 acad. 45 students, 22 sch. 1,168 scholars. Pop. 3,661. Waldren's Creek, p-c, Sevier co., Tenn., 221 K. Nashville, 502 W. Waleaseorougii, p-o., Emanuel co., Ga., 84 s. e. Milledgeville, 646 W. Wale.s, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 23 s. w. Augus- ta, 582 W. The surface is level; soil, i'ertile, adapted to grain. Drained by a branch of An- droscoggin r. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 saw m., 7 sch. 258 scholars. Pop. 653. Wales, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 74 ^v. s. w. Boston, 374 W. Formerly called South Brim- field. A branch of Quinnebaug r. issues from a considerable pond near its centre, and affords water power. The surface is uneven ; soil, adapted to grazing. The v. at the n. extremity of the above pond, at its outlet, contains 1 Baptist and one Methodist church, a woollen fac, and about 30 dwellings. There are in the t. 1 store, cap. $2,000. Cap. in manufac. $3,500. 5 sch. 195 scholars. Pop. 6S6. Wales, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 18 s. e. Buflflilo, 272 w. Albany, 369 W. The surface is undula- ting; soil, gravelly and sandy loam, with some clay. Drained by Seneca cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $12,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tan- nery, 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,750. 16 sch. 678 scholars. Pop. 1,987. Walesville, v., Whitestown t., Oneida C04 N. Y. It contains 1 church, 1 store, 1 woollen fac, 2 paper m., 1 clothier's works, 1 grist m., and a few dwellings. Waliio.xdin'g, r., O., one of the main branches of Muskingum r., formed by the junction of Mo- hiccan and Vernon rivers. It receives Kilbuck cr. from the n., and joins Tuscarawas r., opposite to Coshocton. It was formerly called White Woman r. Walhonding, p-o., Coshocton co., O., 76 n. e. Columbus, 355 W. Walker, county, Ga. Situated in the .n. w. part of the state, and contains 700 square miles. 87 Drained by Chattooga r., flowing s. w. into Coosa r., and Chickamauga r., flowing n. into Tennes- see r. The surface is uneven, and the soil, in the valleys, fertile. Crawfish spring, 12 ms. n. of the C. II., affords water sufficient, where it issues from the hill, to float a small vessel, and 50 yards from this w'ould float a large steamboat. It contains a large cavern. Capital, La Fayette. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,396, sheep 2,087, swine 15,012; wheat 17,363 bush, pro- duced, rye 1,014, Ind. corn 236,494, oats 16,650, potatoes 6,985, tobacco 11,468 pounds, cotton 76,307 ; 7 stores, cap. $47,000 ; 2 tanneries, 8 dis- tilleries, 8 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,620. 1 college, 15 students, 9 sch. 172 schol- ars. Pop. whites 5,583, slaves 946, free col'd 43; total, 6,572. Walker, county, Ala. Situated centrally to- ward the N. w. part of the state, and contains 1,500 sq. miles. Drained by Sipsey r. and its numerous branches, a branch of Black Warrior r. Capital, Jasper. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,943, sheep 1,493, swine 12,360 ; wheat 5,5S7 bush, produced, Ind. corn 128,030, oats 7,534, potatoes 4,767, rice 1,210 pounds, tobacco 4,588, cotton 110,917; 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tan- nery, 1 distillery, 6 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,100. 1 1 1 scholars in schools. Pop. whites 3,820, slaves 211, free col'd 1 ; total, 4,032. Walker, p-t.. Centre co., Pa., 94 n. w. Har- risburg, 186 W. The surface is diversified ; soil, in the valleys, calcareous loam. Drained by Little Fishing cr. It has 4 stores, cap. $10,500 ; 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,900. 4 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 1,180. Walicer's, p-o., Livingston co., Ky., 257 w. s. w. Frankfort, 789 W. Walker's CiiunctF, p-o.. Prince Edward co., Va., 80 s. w. by vv. Richmond, 176 W. Walker's Grove, p-o.. Mason co., 111., 7 s. Macomb. Walker's Mflls, po., Alleghany co.. Pa., 208 w. Harrisbnrg, 253 W. Walker.sville, pv., Frederick co., Md., 81 N. w. Annapolis, 49 W. Walkersville, p-v., 3Iecklenburg co., N. C, 194 s. w. by w. Raleigh, 431 W. Walkertown, p-v., King and Queen co., Va., 40 N. E. Richmond, 128 W. Situated on the n. E. side of Mattapony r. Walkerville, p-o., Lycoming co.. Pa., 103 N. IlarrLsburg, 213 W. Wallabout, l)ay, Brooklyn, N. Y. Situated in the n. e. part of the city of Brooklyn. The United States Navy Yard is on the s. side of it. (See Brooklyn.) Here the British prison-ship, the .lersey, was moored, in the revolutionary war, on board of which 11,500 American prisoners died, and were buried on the adjoining beach. Wallace, p-v., .Jones Co., Ga., 13 s. w. Mil- ledgeville, 661 W. Situated on the road from Milledgeville to 3Iacon. Wallace, p-v., Fountain co., la., 70 n. w. In- dianapolis, 633 W. Walled Lake, p-o., Novi t., Oakland co., 3Iich., 33 .\. w. Detroit, 554 W. The lake lies on the .\. border of the t., and its outlet forms the w. branch of Rouge r. Walli.n'gi'Ord, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 71 s. s. w. 3Iontpelier, 452 VV. The surface is uneven, and on the e. part mountainous ; soil, fertile, par- ticularly on the streams. I!)rained by Otter t'reek r., and its branch. Mill r. It has several ponds, one of which, in its s. e. part, covers 350 acres. There are 4 churches in the t. The v. is WAL 690 WAL on Otter Creek in the n. part, and contains sever- al stores, mechanic shops, and dwellings. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $22,150; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,220. 12 sch. 583 scholars. Pop. 1,608. Wallingford, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 24 s. by w. Hartford, 313 W. The surface is un- even ; soil, generally fertile. Drained by Quin- nipiac r., which affords water power. The v. at the centre contains 3 churches — 1 Congregation- al, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Baptist. There are two other small manufacturing villages, where bri- tannia, tin ware, and wood screws are extensive- ly manufactured. The railroad from New Haven to Hartford passes through the t. There are in the t. 2 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $43,050. 10 sch. 289 scholars. Pop. 2,204. Walling's Creek, p-c, Lee co., Va., 370 w. by s. Richmond, 43S W. Walker, t., Huntingdon to.. Pa. The surface is hilly ; soil, in the valleys, calcareous loam. Bounded s. and e. by Raystown branch of Ju- niata r. It has 2 stores, cap. $13,000 ; 2 tanner- ies, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,003. 6 sch. 225 scholars. Pop. 1,055. Walker, t.. Cole co., Mo. It has 3 sch. 67 scholars. Pop. 1,354. Wallkill, r., rises in Sussex co., N. J., and flowing N. N. E. into New York, and passing through Orange and Ulster counties, after receiv- ing Sliawangunk cr. on the w. side, it unites with Rondout kill, on the w. border of Esopus. It af- fords extensive water power. Wallkill, t., Orange co., N. Y., 22 w. New- burgh. The surface is undulating and hilly ; soil, gravelly and clay loam. Drained by Shaw- angunk cr. and Wallkill r. It contains Middle- town and Mechanicsville villages. It has 17 stores, cap. $41,050 ; 3 lumber yards, 4 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $80,220. 1 acad. 30 students, 22 sch. 1,011 schol- ars. Pop. 4,263. Wallonia, p-v., Trigg co., Ky., 234 s. w. Frankfort, 761 W. Situated on the E. side of Muddy fork of Little r. WALLooMaACK, r., Vt., is formed by the union of several streams in Bennington, and flowing w. unites with Hoosic r., in Hoosic t., Rensselaer CO., N. Y. It aflbrds good water power. Wallsville, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa., 154 n. e. Harrisburg, 260 W. Walnut, creek, O., rises on the borders of Licking and Fairfield counties, and flowing 30 ms. s. w. falls into Scioto r., 6 ms. above Circle- viile. Walnut, p-o., Juniata co., Pa., 51 n. w. Har- risburg, 142 W. Walnut, t., Fairfield co., O. The Ohio canal passes through it. It contains the villages of New Salem and Millersport. Pop. 2,096. Walnut, t., Gallia co., O. Organized in 1819. The natural growth was extensively walnut. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. 636, Walnut, t., Holmes co., O. Watered by a branch of Sugar cr. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500; 1 distiUery, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,856. Pop. 1,099. Walnut, t., Pickaway co., O. Scioto river bounds it on the n. w. It has 1 store, cap. $250 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 distilleries, 4 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,678. 6 sch. 158 scholars. Pop. 1,798. Walnut, t., Montgomery co., la. It has 4 Bch. 85 scholars. Pop. 813. Walnut, t., Phillips co., Ark. It has 4 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $3,100. Pop. 510. Walnut Branch, p-o., Fauquier co., Va., 112 N. by w. Richmond, 56 W. Walnut Camp, p-o., St. Francis co., Ark., 130 E. Little Rock, 975 W. Walnut Creek, p-o.. Stark co., 111., Ill n. Springfield, 825 W. Walnut Flat, p-o., Lincoln co., Ky., 53 s. s. e. Frankfort, 571 W. Walnut Forest, p-o., Greene co., Mo., 150 s. s. w. Jefferson City, 1,065 W. Walnut Fork, p-o., Jones co., Iowa. Walnut Grove, p-o., Morris co., N. J., 58 N. Trenton, 230 W. Walnut Grove, p-o., Kanawha co., Va., 333 w. n. w. Richmond, 370 W. Walnut Grove, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 48 N. w. Raleigh, 266 W. Walnut Grove, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 106 N. w. Columbia, 431 W. Walnut Grove, p-o., Caldwell co., Ky. Walnut Grove, p-o., Hawkins co., Tenn. Walnut Hill, p-o., Lee co., Va.. 410 w. by s. Richmond, 478 W. Walnut Hill, p-o., Franklin co., Ga. Walnut Hill, p-o., Hamilton co., O., 117 s. w. Columbus, 490 W. Walnut Hill, p-o., Bradley co., Tenn., 276 s. E. Nashville, 421 W. Walnut Hill, p-o., Lafayette co.. Ark. Walnut Hill, p-o., Marion co.. 111., 114 s. s. E. Springfield, 775 W. Walnut Lane, p-o., Surry co., N. C, 154 w. s. w. Raleigh, 360 W. Walnut Ridge, p-o., Washington co., la., 86 s. Indianapolis, 607 W. Walnut Valley, p-o., Warren co., N. J., 70 n. Trenton, 225 W. Walnut Valley, p-o., Madi-son co., Ky. Walpack, p-t., Sussex co., N. J., 91 n. n. w. Trenton, 248 W. One half the surface is cover- ed by Blue mountain, between which and Dela- ware r. on its w. border, the soil is a fertile cal- careous loam and alluvion. Drained by Flatkill cr., which flows into Delaware r. It contains a German Reformed church, and has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist rn., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $10,075. 4 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 72-i. Walpole, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 63 s. w. by w. Concord, 444 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile, particularly along Connecticut river, which bounds it on the w. Watered by Cold r. Fall mountain, towards its s. E. part, is elevated 750 feet above the level of Connecticut r. The v. is pleasantly situated at the foot of this hill or mountain, on an elevated plain, and contains a Congregational church, and a considerable num- ber of dwellings, many of them large and hand- some. On Coldwater r., 3 ms. n. e., is a flourish- ing manufacturing v. Bellows falls in Connecti- cut r., in the n. w. part of the t., are a curiosity. (See Bellows Falls.) The river is very much compressed, and without much perpendicular fall, it rushes impetuously through a chasm, de- scending 42 feet in the course of half a mile. A bridge here crosses the r. to Rockingham, Vt., in which t. is the canal around the falls. At the falls in Walpole is a small v., called Drewsville. An- other bridge crosses from the principal village to Westminster, Vt. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $19,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tan- neries, 3 grist m., 9 saw m. Capital in manufac. $80,400. 1 acad. 52 students, 14 sch. 558 schol- ars. Pop. 2,015. Walpole, p t., Norfolk co., Mass., 21 s. w. WAL 691 WAR Boston, 427 W. The surface is rough ; soil, fer- tile with good cultivation. Drained by Neponset r. and its branches, which affijrd water power. Incorporated in 1724. It contains 3 churches 2 Congregational and 1 Methodist. It has 5 stores, cap. $12,':*00; 3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 3 cot- ton fac. 1,138 spindles, 5 sch. 395 scholars. Pop. 1,491. Walpole East, p-o., Walpole t., Norfolk co., Mass., 19 s. w. Boston, 426 W. Walterborougii, p-v., capital of Colleton dist., S. C, 99 Columbia, 605 W. Situated on a branch of Ashepoo r., and contains a court house, jail, and about 500 inhabitants. Waltham, t., Hancock co.. Me. The soil is fertile, adapted lo grain. It has 2 saw m., 2 sch. 82 scholars. Pop. 231. Waltham, t., Addison co., Vt., 24 s. Burling- ton, 9 N. w. Middlebury. The surface is eleva- ted and uneven ; soil, fertile, particularly along Otter Creek r., which bounds it on the w. Buck mountain, near its centre, command.s an extensive prospect. It has 4 sch. I'JO scholars. Pop. 2S3. Waltham, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 10 w. by N. Boston, 430 W. The surface is level, or moderately uneven ; soil, indifferent, but well cultivated and made productive. Drained by Charles r., which affords water power. It con- tains 6 churches — 2 Congregational, 1 Unitarian, 1 Methodist, 1 Universalist, and 1 Roman Cath- olic. The V. is pleasantly situated on a plain, on 1 street a mile long, and contains 150 dwellings, many of them elegant, and beautifully ornament- ed with trees, shrubbery, and gardens. Cotton and woollen manufactures are extensive. There are in the t. 1 1 stores, cap. .929,000 ; 3 cotton fac. 11,000 sp., 1 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 week- ly newspaper, 2 grist m. Cap. in manufactures $463,5lXi. 2 acad. 36 student.s, 9 sch. 500 schol- ars. Fop. 2,504. Walthamsville, p-v.. Liberty co., Ga., 204 s. E. Milledgeville, 708 W. It contains a church, an academy, and 250 inhabitants, and double that number in the summer season. Walton, county, Ga. Situated n. of the cen- tre of the state, and contains 320 sq. ms. Drain- ed by the head waters of Ocmulgee and Oconee rs. Capital, Monroe. Tliere were in 1840, neat cattle 3,599, .sheep 1,579, swine 11,703; wheat 18,658 bush, produced, Indian corn 171,495, oats 18,560, potatoes 2,900, cotton 627,750 pounds ; 8 stores, cap. $3,250 ; 3 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 12 grist m., 10 saw m. Pop. whiles 6,583, slaves 3,625, free col'd 1 ; total, 10,209. Walton, county, Flor. Situated in the w. part of the territory, and contains 1,584 sq. miles, ('hoctavvhalchee river bounds it on the e., and Choctavvhatchee bay on the s. Drained by Yel- low Water r., and Shoal r. and its branches, and White, Alequa, and oth^r crs. The last is navi- gable 15 ms. from the bay. It has fertile land, particularly in the n. part. Capital, Euchee Anna. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,952, sheep 3S6, swine 3,959 ; Ind. corn 25,048 bush, produced, potatoes 6,902, cotton 52,122 pounds ; 4 stores, cap. $7,000; 6 grist m., 7sch. 131 scholars. Pop whites 1,189, slaves 231, free col'd 41 ; total, 1,401 Walton, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 97 s. w. Albany, 321 W. The surface is hilly and moun- tainous ; soil, adapted to grazing. Drained by the w. branch of Delaware r. and it.s tributaries. The v. is situated on Delaware r., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal church, 6 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clotiiier's works, 1 tannery, 60 dwellings, and about 350 inliabitants. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $13,119 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. .$5,600. 17 sch. 603 scholars. Pop. 1,846. Walton, p-o., Boone co., Ky. Walton, p-t., Eaton co., Mich. Pop. 116. Waltonham, p-v., St. Louis co.. Mo., 9 n. w. St. Louis, 121 E. by n. Jefferson City, 817 W. It contains about .50 inhabitants. Walworth, county. Wis. Situated in the s. E. part of the territory, and contains 675 sq. miles. The surface is level, consisting of limbered and prairie land; soil, very fertile. Drained by Tur- tle r. and its branches, and by branches of Fox r., one of which issues from (reneva lake in its s. part. Capital, Delavan. There were in 1S40, neat cattle 2,861, sheep 410, swine 6,3S0 ; wheat 59,560 bush, produced, barley 1,499, oats 35,155, potatoes, 14,410, sugar 13,050 pounds; 1 store, capital $2,.50O ; 1 distillery, 3 gri.st m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $33,005. 4 sch. 107 scholars. Pop. 2,611. Walworth, p-t., Wayne co., N. Y., 18 n. w. Lyons, 205 w. Albany, 362 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, a fertile gravelly loam. Drained in the N. part by streams flowing into Lake Ontario, and in the s. by tributaries of Mud cr., a branch of Clyde river. The v. contains 1 Baptist and 1 Methodi.st church, 3 stores, 1 tannery, 25 dwell- ings, and about 150 inhabitants. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $14,500; 2 tanneries, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,853. 9 sch. 336 schol- ars. Pop. 1,734. Walworth, p-t., Walworth co., Wis., 69 s. E. Madison, 778 W. Pop. 226. Wampsville, p-v., Lenox t., Madison co., N. Y., 117 w. Albany, 362 W. Situated on the w. side of (^owasalon cr., and contains 1 Presbyte- rian church, 4 stores, and about 40 dwellings. Wantage, t., Sussex co., N. J. Bounded n. by the state of New York. The surl'ace is roll- ing on the E., mountainous and hilly on the w. ; soil, a fertile calcareous loam. Drained by Deep Clove river and Papakating cr., which unite and flow into Wallkill river. Along the Wallkill is a margin of swamp, known as the Drowned Lands. It has 11 stores, capital $44,270; 1 lumber yard, cap. $2,200 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 5 distiller- ies, 10 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manulactures $73,925. 1 acad. 26 students, 22 sch. 573 schol- ars. Pop. 3,908. Wapahko.vetta, p-v., Allen co., O., 101 n. w. Columbus, 481 W. It was formerly near the cen- tre of a large Indian reservation of the Shawnee tribe, but their title has been extinguished, and they have removed. It is now settled entirely by the whiles, and contains about 110 inhab- itants. Wappelo, p-v., capital of Loui.sa co., Iowa. Handsomely located on the site of Wappelo Vil- lage. A chief of the Fox Indians, of tliat name, resided here until the summer of 1836. It is re- gularly laid out with streets and squares, and contains a court house, and a number of neat dwellings. Wappingers, creek, N. Y., rises in Dutchess CO., and enters Hudson r. below the v. of New Hamburgh. It affords good water power. Wappingers Creek, p-o., Fishkill t., Dutchess CO., N. Y., 78 s. Albany, 294 W. Ward, t., Athens co., O. It has 5 saw mills. Capital in manufac. $2,600. 1 sch. 17 scholars. Pop. 345. Ward, t., Randolph co., la. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,300 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 4 sch. 110 scholars. Pop. 1,138. Wardensville, p-o., Hardy co., Va., 177 N. w. Richoiond, 105 W. Wardsborough, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 15 n WAR 692 WAR w. Erattleboro', 120 s. by w. i>Iontpelier, 447 VV. I The surl'aoe is hilly, and in some parts rough ; | soil, adapted to grazing. Drained by a briiiich of West r., which affords water power. Char- tered in 1780. It contains a Congregational and a Baptist church. It has 3 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 cotton fac. 60 sp., 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manul'ac. $5,750. 7 sch. 386 scholars. Pop. 1,102. Wauo's Bridge, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 142 s. w. Richmond, 220 W. Ware, river, Mass., rises in Worcester co., and enters Chickapee r. on the line of Hampshire and Hampden counties. It affords good water power. War Eagle, t., Madison co.. Ark. It lias 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,130. 1 sch. 23 scholars. Pop. 758. Ware, county, Ga. Situated in the s. toward the E. part of the state, and contains 3,440 square miles. Drained by Santilla r. and its branches, in the N., and by the head waters of Suwanne r. in the s. part. Okefmoke swamp occupies its s. E. part. This great marshy lake is about 280 ms. in circumference, and extends into Florida. In wet seasons it appears like an inland sea, with several fertile islands. St. Mary's r. rises in this swamp. The surface of the county is level; soil, iertile, but much of it is exposed to inunda- tion. Capital, Waresboro'. There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,918, sheep 392, swine 12,269; wheat 893 bush, produced, oats 18,658, potatoes 2,900, cotton 627,750 pounds, sugar 11,935 ; 9 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $2,700. 1 college, 13 sch 478 scholars. Pop. whites 2,189, slaves 132, free col'd 2 ; total, 2.323. Ware, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 22 e. by s. Northampton, 68 w. by s. Boston, 385 W. The surface is hilly and rough ; soil, well adapted to grazing. Swift r. bounds it on the w. Watered by Ware r., which afTords good water iiower. It contains 2 Congregational churches. The v. is pleasantly situated in the E. part of the t., on Ware r., at the falls, and contains a Congrega tional church, a bank, various manufacturing establishments, and about 1,500 inhabitants. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. .$8,000 ; 1 cot- ton fac. 350 sp., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. iiS147,300. 14 sch. 611 scholars. Pop. 1,890. Wareham, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 53 s. s. E. Boston, 446 W. The surface is level ; soil, light and sandy. Bounded s. by the head of Buzzard's bay. W'atered by Agawon r., and fine mill streams which How into the bay. The V. at the head of the bay contains a Congrega- tional and a Methodist church, a bank, and a considerable number of dwellings. Vessels of 150 or 200 tons come to its wliarves. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $28,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $1,000; 1 cotton fac. 600 sp., 1 tan- nery, 1 paper fac, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $212,600; 5 sch. 138 scholars. Pop. 2,002. Warehouse Point, p-v., East Windsor t., Hartford co., Ct., 14 n. by e. Hartford, 3t9 W. It lies in the N. w. part of the t., on the e. side of Connecticut r., and has 2 churches — 1 Episcopal and 1 3Ietliodist. Waresborougii, p-v., capital of W^are co., Ga., 75 N. w. St. Mary's, 212 s. s. E. Milledgeville, 811 W. Situated a little s. of Santilla r., and contains a court house and about 50 inhabitants Warfieldbukg, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 56 n. N. w. Annapolis, 61 W. Situated a few miles s. w. of Westminster, the capital of the county. Warforusuurg, p-v., Bedford co., Pa., 85 s, w. Harrisburg, 100 W. Warlick's Store, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C' 185 w. by s. Raleigh, 422 W. Warminster, t., Bucks co., Pa., 17 n. Phila- delphia, 8 s. E. Doylestown. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel and sandy loam. Drained by branches of Pennypack cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $13,000: 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,300. 4 sch. 88 scholars. Pop. 934. Warmin.ster, p-v.. Nelson co., Va. Situated on the N. side of James r. It contains 2 stores, a masonic hall, used as a church, and about 30 in- habitants, nearly half of whom are colored. It was formerly more flourishing than at present. Vv^ARsi Springs, p-v.. Buncombe co., N. C, 34 .\. N. w. Ashville, 291 w. Raleigh, 462 W. Situ- ated near French Broad r. The springs contain valuable medicinal properties. Warm Springs, p-v., Meriwether co., Ga., 110 w. by K. Milledgeville, 732 W. Situated near the head of a branch of Flint r. Warner, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 17 vv. n. w. Concord, 481 W. Drained by Warner river, which flows into Contoocook r. The surface i.s uneven and broken ; soil, generally fertile, adapted to grazing. Incorporated in 1774. It has 5 stores, cap. $8,500; 2 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $38,650. 23 schools 561 scholars. Population 2,139. Warren, county, N. Y. Situated in the E., toward the n. part of the state, and contains 912 sq. ms. Lake George lies on its e., and extends into its s. E. part. There are several other lakes. The surface is hilly, mountainous, and broken. Drained by Hudson r. and Schroon branch, which here unite. Iron ore is abundant, and marl has been found in Queensbury t. The coun- try is in a great measure a wilderness. Capital, Caldwell. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,826, sheep 22,775, swine 8,053; wheat 12,9f;i bushels produced, rye 17,567, Indian corn 63,476, buckwheat 24,647, barley 1,201, oats 103,733, potatoes 221,134, sugar 43,821 pounds ; 48 stores, cap. $110,000; 7 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 9 tanneries, 2 powder m., 14 grist m., 99 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $121,960. 104 sch. 4,119 schol- ars. Pop. 13,422. Warren, county, N. J. Situated in the w. tow ard the n. part of the state, and contains 350 L-q. ms. Bounded w. by Delaware r. Drained by Paulinskill, Pequest, and Pohatcong rivers. Organized in 1824. The surface is uneven. JMusconetcong or Schooley's mountain bounds it on the s. E. Capital, Belvidcre. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,718, sheep 19,599, swine 22,517; wheat 124,726 bushels produced, rye 184,877, Indian corn 311,955, buckwheat 108,300, oat.s 173,602, potatoes 142,662 ; 53 stores, cap. $207,900 ; 1 furnace, 1 cotton fac. 216 sp., 9 tan- neries, 2 distilleries, 1 Iftewery, 21 flouring m., 35 grist m., 24 saw m., 4 oil m. Cap. in manu- fac. $470,160. 92 sch. 5,533 scholars. Pop. 20,366. Warren, county, Pa. Situated in the n. w. part of the state, and contains 832 sq. ms. The surface is undulating ; soil, moderately fertile Drained by Alleghany r. and its tributaries, Cone- wango. Broken Straw, and other creeks. The surface is broken ; soil, in some parts, fertile. Capital, Warren. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 8,340, sheep 13,081, swine 6,334 ; wheat 30,280 bush, produced, rye 6,247, Indian corn 37,228, buckwheat 13,570, barley 1,341, oats 64,890, potatoes 147,271, sugar 91,318 pounds; 28 stores, cap. $65,750; 5 fulling m., 3 furnaces, 6 tanneries, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspa- pers, 2 flouring m., 16 grist m., 123 saw m. Cap. WAR 693 WAR in inanuCac. |J;313,17"2. 1 acad. 50 students, 8a sch. 2,074 scholars. Pop. 9,278. Warren, county, Va. Situated in llie n. part of the state, and contains 200 sq. ms. The She- nandoali r. passes centrally through it. Capital, Front Royal. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,421, sheep 7,289, swine 12,969; wheat 148,372 hush, produced, rye 17,390, InJ. corn 219,320, buckwheat 4,881, oats 57,641, potatoes 16,325: 11 stores, cap. $83,000; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 13 flouring m., 20 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in munufac. $115,020. 1 acad. 14 stu- dents, 6 sch. 220 scholars. Pop. whites 3,851, slaves 1,434, free col'd 3J2; total, 5,627. Warren, county, N. C. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 391 sq. ins. The surface is elevated ; soil, fertile. IJrained by Roanoke r. and its branches in the .\. part, and Fishing cr. and its branches in the s. part. Capi- tal, Warrenton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,100, siieep 7,860, swine 30,856; wheat 25,551 bush, produced, rye 888, Ind. corn 395,351, oats 80,113, potatoes 24,730, tobacco 3,574,296 pounds, cotton 380,954 ; 10 stores, cap. $49,800 ; 4 flour- ing m., 26 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $49,150. 3 acad. 71 students, 10 sch. 182 scholars. Pop. ■whites 4,400, slaves 8,200, free col'd 329 ; total, 12,919. Warren, county, Ga. Situated toward the e. part of the state, and contains 560 sq. ms. Ogee- chee r. bounds it on the s. vv., and Little r. on the N., by branches of which and of Brier cr. it is drained. The Ca. railroad passes through it. Capital, Warrenton. There were in 1810, neat cattle 6,319, sheep 4,505, swine 17,254; wheat 13,351 bush, produced, Ind. corn 268,320, oats 6,860, potatoes 5,892, cotton 262,555 pounds ; 16 stores, cap. $100,050; 2 cotton fac. 1,123 sp., 4 flouring m., 5 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 acad. 75 stu- dents, 5 sch. 147 scholars. Pop. whites 5,176, slaves 4,536, free col'd 77 ; total, 9,789. Warren, county, Miss. Situated in the w. part of the stale, and contains 600 sq. ms. Big Black r. boimds it on the s. e., and Mississippi r. on the w. Watered by Vazoo r., and by branches of Big Black r. The surface on the e. is hilly and broken, on the bottoms of the i^Iississippi, liable to submersion; soil, extensively very fer- tile. The Vieksburg and Brandon railroad passes through it. Capital, Vii-ksbnrg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 22,618, sheep 3,812, swine 2.5,890; Ind. corn 513,140 bush, produced, oats 32,119, potatoes 62,320, cotton 16,049,200 pounds; 26 commission houses, cap. $167,800; 112 stores, cap. $167,350 ; 10 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $188,310. 2 acad. 184 students, 7 sch. 176 scho- lars. Pop. whites 5,223, slaves 10,493, free col'd 104; total, 15,820. Warren, county, Tenn. Situated near the middle of the state, and contains 960 sq. ms. Drained by Collins r. and its branches, which flow into the Caney Fork of Cumberland r. Cap- ital, McMinnville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,107, sheep 9,722, swine 10,141; wheat 53,347 bush, produced, rye 3,835, Indian corn 468,085, oats 108,117, potatoes 12,012, cotton 4,3S4 pounds; 5 stores, cap. $24,500; 5 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 1 powder m., 10 grist ra., 4 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $12,065. 28 sch. 1,161 scholars. Pop. ■whites 9,366, slaves 1,349, free col'd 88 ; total, 10,803. Warren, county, Ky. Situated s. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 612 sq. ms. Drained by Big Barren r. and its branches, which flow into Green r., which bounds it on the n. Capital, Bowling Green. Tliere W'ere in 1840, neat cattle 34,523, sheep 21,729, swine 52,329; wheat 80,180 bush, produced, rye 1,976, Indian corn 715,566, oats 183,210, potatoes 18,576, tobac- co 1,029,890 pounds; 1 commission house, cap. $1.5,000; 20 stores, cap. $316,200; 12 tanneries, 23 distilleries, 7 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $37,665. 1 acad. 30 students, 4 sch. 125 scho- lars. Pop. whiles 11,078, slaves 4,207, free col'd 161; total, 15,446. Warren, county, O. Situated toward the .s. \\. part of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. Great Miami r. crosses its n. vv. comer. Drained by Little Miami r. and its branches. The Miamis afford water power, and are boatable in high wa- ter. It contains some remarkable ancient mounds. The land is some of the most fertile portion of the iMiami valley. Capital, Lebanon. There were in 1840, neat cattle 21,368, sheep 33,031, swine 56,847 ; wheat 248,665 bush, produced, rye 7,750, Ind. corn 1,231,321, barley 7,754, oats 327,314, potatoes 44,912, sugar 187,295 poimds ; 80 stores, cap. $170,600; 4 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 13 tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 potteries, 5 flouring m., 22 grist m., 19 saw m., 2 paper fac. Cap. in manufac. $236,464. 69 sch. 5,356 scholars. Pop. 23,141. Warren, county, la. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 350 sq. ms. Organ- ized in 1828. Watered by Wabash r. and its branches. The surface is level, one third of it prairie ; soil, fertile. The Wabash is navigable for steamboats, and its tributaries afford good water power. Capital, Williamsport. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,963, sheep 9,515, swine 15,851 ; wheat 3'2,198 bush, produced, rye 1,447, Ind. corn 414,046, oats 89,95.5, potatoes 15,543, tobacco 830 pounds, sugar 8,200 ; 8 stores, cap. $25,000 ; 6 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $30,193. 8 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 5,656. Warre.n, county. 111. Situated hi the w. t(v ward the n. part of tlie state, and contains 900 sq. ms. Formed in 1825, organized in 1830. Mississippi r. bounds it on the w. Drained by Henderson r. and its branches, and by Ellison, Honey, and Camp creeks. The surface is level ; soil, very fertile, particularly on the streams. On the Mississippi it is liable to submersion. Capital, MonmouLli. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,769, sheep 7,141, swine 23,682; wheat 75,243 bush, produced, rve 4,120, Indian corn 293,843, barley 1,394, oats 97,400, potatoes 21,881, sugar 22,619 pounds ; 2 commission houses, cap. s4;000 ; 10 stores, cap. $29,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 dis- tillery, 3 flouring m., 4 grist m., 20 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $79,370. 19 sch. 569 scholars. Pop. 6,739. Warren, county. Mo. Situated toward the E. part of the stale, and contains 350 aq. ms. Bounded s. w. by 3Iissouri r., by small branches of which it is drained. The surface is various ; soil, on the bottoms, very fertile. Capital, War- renton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,626, sheep 3,983, swine 10,950; wheat 13,693 bush, produced, Ind. corn 132,315, oats 21,185, potatoes 6,5-26, tobacco 33-<,400 pounds, sugar 4,562; 27 stores, cap. $41,200; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 5 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. m manulac. $12,575. 5 sch. 104 scholars. Pop. wliites 3,555, slaves 696, free col'd 2 ; total, 4,253. Warre.n, p-t., one of the capitals of Lincoln CO., Me., 37 s. e. Augusta, 613 W. Watered by St. (ieorge r., virhich affords water power, and is navigable for sloops. It contains several ponds. Incorporated in 1776. The v. contains a court WAR 694 WAR house, an academy, and a number of neat dwell- ings. There are in the t. 14 stores, cap. )§'23,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manii- fac. $3,675. 1 acad. 80 students, 19 sch. 853 scholars. Pop. 2,223. Warren, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 60 n. n. w. Concord, 522 W. Watered by Bakers r., which afford.s water power. A pond in its n. e. part flows into Pemigewasset r. Carr's mountain is in its s. E. part. Chartered in 1763. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,330. 8 sch. 277 scholars. Pop. 933. Warren, p-t., Washington co., Vt., 31 s. e. Burlington, 25 .s. w. Montpelier, 500 W. Drained by Mud r., a branch of Onion or Winooski r., which aflords water power. The surface is not very uneven, but it lies between 2 ranges of the Green mountains. Chartered in 1789, first settled in 1797. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,750. 8 sch. 258 scholars. Pop. 943. Warren, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 66 w. s. W. Boston, 385 W. Incorporated by the name of Western in 1741, received the name of War- ren in 1831. Drained by Chickapee r., which afTords good water power. The surface is hilly and rough ; soil, productive, adapted to grain and to grazing. The v. is on Chickapee r., and con- tains a Congregational and a Universalist church, several manufactories, and a number of dwell- ings. The Worcester and Springfield railroad passes through it across the t. along the r. Iron ore is found. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $14,400 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 5,500 sp., 1 forge, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,700. 10 sch. 373 scholars. Pop. 1,290. Warren, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 8 w. Litch- field, 48 w. Hartford, 321 W. Watered by Shepaug r., a branch of Housatonic r. Raumaug pond lies on its s. border. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, gravelly loam, adapted to grazing. It contains a Congregational and a Baptist church. Incorporated in 1786. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 2 Ibrges, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 acad. 17 students, 7 sch. 257 scholars. Pop. 872. Warre.v, p-t., Bristol co., R. I., 14 s. e. Pro- vidence, 414 W. Situated on the e. side of Narraganset bay. The surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile mold. The v. is pleasantly situa- ted in the s. e. part of the t. on elevated ground, and has a good harbor, admitting vessels of 300 tons. There are 13 wharves with convenient storehouses. It contains 2 churches — 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist — an academy, a bank, and about 200 dwellings. It has considerable ship- building. Incorporated in 1746. There are in the t. 7 commercial and com. houses, cap. $184,000; 22 stores, cap. $60,500; 4 acad. 270 students, 7 sch. 195 scholars. Pop. 2,437. Warren, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 64 n. w. Albany, 375 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, sandy and clay loam, well adapted to grazing and to grain. Drained by Nowadaga cr., flowing into Mohawk r. Little Lake v. is in its s. part. It has 7 stores, cap. $18,400; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac. 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,395. 10 sch. 495 scholars. Pop. 2,003. Warren, t., Somerset co., N. J., 6 n. e. Somer- ville. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, stiflf clay and sandy loam. Watered by Middle Brook. It contains copper ort;, and some gold has been found. It has 5 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 4 distilleries, Sgrist m., 3 .saw m. Cap. in manu fac. $17,000. 4 sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 1,601. Warren, p-b., capital of Warren co.. Pa., 205 N. w. Harrisburg, 297 W. Situated on the n. side of AUeghany r., at the junction of Conewan- go cr. The streets cross each other at right angles, dividing the whole into 16 blocks, with 500 lots, one third of an acre each. Near the centre, at the intersection of 2 streets 100 feet wide each, is a public ground of 4 lots, each con- taining 1 acre for public buildings. It contains a court house, jail, fire-proof county offices of stone, an academy, 5 stores, a bank, 3 churches, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., and about 100 dwellings. The bank of the r. is here 35 feet high, commanding a fine view of the stream above and below the v. It has 14 stores, cap. $12,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,000. 1 acad. 50 students, 3 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 737. Warren, t., Franklin co.. Pa., 21 s. w. Cham- bersburg. The surface is mountainous ; soil, calcareous loam and slate. Drained by Little Cove cr., a branch of Licking cr. It has 1 store, cap. $1,600 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 2 sch. 85 scholars. Pop- 662. Warren, t., Bradford co.. Pa., 17 n. e. To- wanda. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Wepasening cr. and its branches, flowing into Susquehanna r. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,350. 10 sch. 415 scholars. Pop. 1,308. Warren, p-v., Baltimore co., Md., 45 n. An- napolis, 55 W. Warren, p-v., Albemarle co., Va., 79 n. w. by w. Richmond, 145 W. Situated on the n. bank of .lames r., at the mouth of Ballenger's or. It contains 1 free church, 2 stores, and about 60 inhabitants. Warren, p-t., capital of Trumbull co., O., 163 N. E. Columbus, 303 W. Situated on Mahoning r., on the Pennsylvania and Ohio canal. The town plat is 1 m. square, with streets crossing each other at right angles, and contains a court hou.se, jail, county offices, 3 churches, 16 stores, various mechanic shops, 3 printing offices, 200 dwellings, and about 1,500 inhabitants. There are in the t. 12 sch. 640 scholars. Pop. 1,996. Warren, t., Belmont co., O. The surface is rolling ; soil, fertile, adapted to wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco. Drained by head branches Captina and Stillwater creeks, which aflford wa- ter power. It contains Barnsville v., 2 ms. w. of which is a remarkable ancient fortification, enclosing 4 or 5 acres, in a circular form, with walls at present not more than from 3 to 6 feet high, and 15 broad at the base, on and within which are trees, as large as those of the neigh- boring forest. There are 2 gate-ways exactly opposite to each other on opposite sides of the ibrt. There are in the t. 1 acad. 14 students, 4 sch. 1 12 scholars. Pop. 2,403. Warren, t., JefTerson co., O. It has 5 stores, cap. $18,000; 1 lumber yard, cap. $3,(X)0 ; 1 tan- nery, 4 flouring m., 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $17,600. 5 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 1,945. Warren, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It has 5 stores, cap. $2,600 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,700. 10 sch. 402 schol- ars. Pop. 1,173. Warren, t., Washington co., O. Situated on Ohio r., 4 ras. below Marietta. It has fine farms, and produces good fruit. It contains sandstone, WAR 695 WAR from which grindstones are manufactured. It has 8 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 931. Warre.v, t., Macomb co., Mich. It has 2 sch. 41 scholars. Pop. 3o7. Warrkn, p-v., Bibb co., Ga., 43 s. w. Mil- ledgeville, 6'J9 W. W.\RRE.\, p-v., Huntington co., la., 123 n. n. K. Indianapolis, 5:<8 W. It contains about 50 in- habitants. Warren, t., Marion co., la. It has 9 stores, cap. $14,800 ; 1 cotton fac. 500 sp., 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. C'ap. in manufac. $36,250. 2 sch. 69 scholars. Pop. 1,374. Warren, t., Putnam co., la. It has 9 stores, cap. $21,550 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distil- lery, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,205. 6 sch. 486 schol- ars. Pop. 2,201. Warren, p-v., Marion co., Mo., 105 n. n. e. Jefferson City, 940 W. Warre.v, t., Marion co., Mo. It has 4 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 1,514. Warren Ferry, p-o., Buckingham co., Va., 80 w. Richmond, 146 W. Warrenha.m, p-o., Bradford co., Pa., 195 n. by E. ilarrisburg, 285 W. Warrensbukg, p-t., Warren co., N. Y., 6 n. w. Caldwell, 6i» n. Albany, 444 W. The sur- face is hilly and mountainous. Hudson r. and Schroon branch here unite, on which is very fer- tile land. The v. is situated on Schroon branch, and contains 2 ciiurches, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 1 extensive tannery, 60 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $18,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $75,000. 10 soh. 405 scholars. Pop. 1,468. Warrensburg, p-v., Greene co., Tenn., 242 E. Nashville, 454 W. It contains about 78 in- habitants. Warrensburg, p-v., capital of Johnson co.. Mo., 98 w. Jefferson City, 1,034 W. Situated on Blackwater r., above Post Oak fork. It con- tains a court house, jail, and about 250 inhabit- ants. The t. has5 sch. 108 scholars. Pop. 1,228. Warren Tavern, p-o., Chester co.. Pa., 76 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 130 W. Warrensville, p-v., Du Page co., 111., 180 n. N. E. Springfield, 748 W. Warrington, p-v., capital of Fauquier co., Va., 102 N. by w. Richmond, 51 W. It contains a court house, jail, a town hall, 3 churches — 1 F.piscopal, 1 Presbyterian, and 1 Methodist — several stores, a printing office, issuing a weekly newspaper, 200 dwellings, and about 1,300 in- habitants. Warrenton, p-v., capital of Warren co., N. C, 62 N. N. E. Raleigh, 224 W. Situated on the head waters of Fishing cr., and contains a court house, jail, a church, several stores, and about 675 inhabitants. Warrenton, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 103 w. Columbia, 535 W. Warrenton, p-v., capital of Warren co., Ga., 44 E. N. E. Milledgeville, 626 W. It contains a court house, jail, 7 stores, 1 Methodist church, and 25 dwellings. Warrenton, p-v., capital of Marshall co., Ala., 135 N. E. Tuscaloosa, 707 W. Situated on the E. side of a branch of Tennessee r., and con- tains a court house, jail, and about 100 inhabit- ants. Warrenton, p-v., Warren t, Jefferson co., O., 136 E. by n. Columbus, 267 W. Situated on Ohio r. above the mouth of Indian Short cr. Warrenton, p-v., Gibson co., la. Warrenton, p-v., Warren co.. Miss., 50 vv Jackson, 1,060 W. Situated on the e. bank of Mississippi r., and contains several stores, and about 300 inhabitants. Warrenton, p-v., capital of Warren co., Mo., 71 E. n. e. Jefferson City, 868 W. It contains a court house, jail, and about 100 inhabitants. Warrenton Springs, p-o., Fauquier co., Va., 107 N. by w. Richmond, 56 W. Warrenville, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 154 N. N. E. Columbus, 351 W. Drained by a branch of Cuyahoga r., and small streams flowing into Lake Erie. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 9 sch. 278 scholars. Pop. 1,082. Warrick, county, la. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 360 sq. ms. Ohio r. bounds it on the s. Drained by Big and Little Pigeon creeks. The surface is rolling ; soil, fer- tile. Capital, Booneville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,400, sheep 5,400, swine 1,820 ; wheat 20,500 bush, produced, Ind. corn 250,800, oats 32,500, potatoes 20,000, tobacco 516,000 pounds ; 20 stores, cap. $20,(X)0 ; 6 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 10 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 22 sch. 710 scholars. Pop. 6,321. Warrington, p-t., Bucks co., Pa., 104 e. Harrisburg, 15S W. It has 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,950. 3 sch. 83 scholars. Pop. 637. Warringto.v, t., York co., Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,800 ; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,500. Warrior Bridge, p-o., Washington co., Ala., 138 s. s. w. Tuscaloosa, 950 W. Warrior Mark, p-t., Huntingdon co.. Pa., 103 w. Harrisburg, 171 W. The surface is moun- tainous ; soil, in the valleys, calcareous loam. In the w. part are Alleghany mountain and Bald Eagle ridge. Drained by Juniata and Bald Eagle cr. The v. near the n. line, contains 2 stores, and about 25 dwellings. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $27,150 ; 1 furnace, 2 tan- neries, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,100. 9 sch. 500 scholars. Pop. 1,689. Warrior Run, po., Northumberland co.. Pa. Warsaw, p-t., capital of Wyoming co., N. Y., 251 w. Albany, 363 W. The surface is partly hilly, with a fertile valley, through which flovk-g Allen's cr. ; soil, clay loam and very fertile. The V. is .situated on Allen's cr., and contains a court house, jail, county clerk's oflice, 4 churches — 2 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 6 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 woollen fac, 2 furnaces, 1 machine shop, 1 tannery, 100 dwellings, and about 800 inhal)itants. There are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $35,000 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufiic. $43,100. 2 acad. 80 students, 25 sch. 1,068 scholars. Pop. 2,8U. Warsaw, p-t., Jeffcr.son co.. Pa., 168 N. w. Harrisburg, 260 W. Drained by a branch of Bank cr., which flows into Alleghany r. Warsaw, p-v., capital of Richmond co., Va., 58 N. E. Richmond, 117 W. It contains a court house, jail, county clerk's office, 1 female semi- nary, 1 Episcopal church, 2 stores, and about 125 inhabitants. It is 3 ms. from the navigable wa- ters of Rappahannock r. Warsaw, p-v., Duplin co., N. C, 80 s. s. E- Raleigh, 310 W. Warsaw, p-v., Gwinnett co., Ga., 97 n. w.- Milledgeville, 668 W. Situated on the e. side of Chattahoochee r. Warsaw, p o., Coshocton co., O., 83 n. e. by E. Columbus, 340 W. WAR 606 WAS Warsaw, p-v., capital of Gallatin co., Ky., 51 N. N. w. Frankfort, 535 W. Situated on tlie s. side of Ohio r., and contains a court house, jail, county clerk's office, 2 steam m. and fac, and 600 inhabitants. Warsaw, p-v., capital of Kosciusko co., la., 126 N. by E. Indianapolis, 603 W. Situated on the E. side of Tippecanoe r., and contains a court house, jail, and 100 inhabitants. Warsaw, p-v., Hancock co., 111., 114 w. n. w. Springfield, 892 W. Situated on the E. side of Mississippi r., at the foot of the Des Moines rapids. It contains several stores, a steam m., and about 800 inhabitants. It is near tlie site of old Fort Edwards. Warsaw, p-v., capital of Benton co.. Mo., 80 s. w. by w. JefTerson City, 1,016 W. Situated on the N. side of Osage r., and contains a court house, jail, 10 stores, 2 tanneries, and about 400 inhabitants. Wartiien's Store, po., Washington co., Ga., 37 s. E. Milledgeville, 605 W. War Traceville, p-o., Bedford co., Tenn., 51 s. s. E. Nashville, 682 W. Warwick, county, Va. Situated in the s. e. part of tlie state, and contains 95 sq. ms. James r. bounds it on the s. w. It occupies the s. w. part of the peninsula between James and York rivers. Capital, Warwick C'. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,573, sheep 973, swine 3,926 ; wheat 10,901 bush, produced, Ind. corn 45,975, oats 8,698, potatoes 1,705, cotton 988 pounds ; 7 commission houses ; 25 stores, cap. $63,000 ; 1 cotton fac. 1,664 sp., 1 tannery, 2 flourhig m., 11 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $218,300. 2 sch. 52 scholars. Pop. whites 604, slaves 831, free col'd 21 ; total, 1,456. Warwick, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 79 w. n. vv. Boston, 420 W. The surface is elevated and uneven, containing an elevated summit denom- inated Grace mountain ; soil, strong and fertile, well adapted to grazing. It contains a Unitarian and a Congregational church. It lias no consid- erable streams. A small branch of Miller's r. rises in its s. e. part. Incorporated in 1763. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanner- ies, 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,600. 1 acad. 42 students, 11 sch. 371 scholars. Pop. 1,071. Warwick, p-t., Kent co., R. I., 11 s. w. Provi- dence, 401 W. "The surface is level on the e., elevated and hilly on the w. ; soil, gravelly loam, strong and productive. Watered by Pavvtuxet r., which affords good water power. It has sev- eral good harbors, the principal of which is Ap- ponaug, on a branch of Narraganset bay in its s. part, which admits vessels of from 20 to 50 tons. The V. contains a Baptist churcli, an academy, a bank, and about 60 dwellings. The fisiieries of Narraganset bay are valuable. Pawtuxet v., at the mouth of Pawtuxet r., lies partly in Cranston t., Providence co., and contains a Congregational and a Baptist church, the latter in Cranston, atid is a large manufacturing v. Within a m. of the V. of Apponaug is a huge rock, so balanced upon another rock, that a boy of 14 years of age can move it, making a noise like a drum, and hence called Drum rock. It is a great natural curiosity. There are in t. 68 stores, cap. $152,000; 3 lum- ber yards, cap. $9,000 ; 2 woollen fac, 28 cotton fac. 73,041 sp., 2 tanneries, 8 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,252,200. 5 acad. 186 stu- dents, 36 sch. 1,320 scholars. Pop. 6,726. Warwick, p-t.. Orange co., N. Y., 24 s. w. Newburg, 111 s. s. w. Albany, 208 W. The sur- face is uneven and mountainous; soil, generally fertile. On the w. is a portion of the " Drowned Lands." Drained by Wallkill r., and on the s. by tributaries of Passaic r. The v. contains 1 Reformed Dutch and 1 Baptist church, 6 stores, 1 tannery, 70 dwellings, and about 450 inhabit- ants. There are in the t. 16 stores, cap. $29,700 ; 4 lumber yards, cap. $12,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 15 distilleries, 8 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $44,650. 1 acad. 147 students, 20 sch. 1,034 scholars. Pop. 5,113. Warwick, t., Bucks co.. Pa., 5 s. e. Doyles- town, 21 N. Philadelphia. The surface is hilly ; soil, sandy loam and gravel. Drained by Nisha- miny cr. It contains a church in the s. w. part, and several small villages. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 3 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $7,775. 2 sch. 53 scho- lars. Pop. 1,259. Warwick, t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 9 n. Lancas- ter. The surface is rolling ; soil, calcareous loam, clay, and gravel. Drained by Great Chiques, Hanmer, Cocalico, and Marovia creeks. It has 12 stores, ca]». $5,000 ; 4 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 1 brewery, 1 pottery, 2 flouring m., 10 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $33,346. 1 acad. 104 students, 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 3,725. Warwick, p-v., Cecil co., Md., 15 s. Elkton, 73 N. N. E. Annapolis, 107 W. Warwick, t., Tuscarawas co., O., 7 south- wardly New Philadelphia, and contains Trenton V. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,000; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m. C^ap. in manufac. $14,400. 7 sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 864. Warwick, p-v., capital of Warwick co., Va., 79 E. s. E. Richmond, 194 W. It contains a court house, jail, 1 store, and a few dwellings, and about 25 inhabitants. Washbourn Prairie, p-o., Barry co., Mo., 220 s. w. Jefferson City, 1,135 W. Washburnville, p-o., Macomb t., St. Law- rence CO., N. Y., 18S N. N. w. Albany, 457 W. Washington, county, 3Ie. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, and contains 3,500 sq. ms. St. Croix r. separates it from New Brunswick on ti)e E., and the Atlantic bounds it on the s. Drained by Machias, Pleasant, and Narraquagus rivers. It abounds with lakes and ponds. ,^ Tlie Schoodic lakes are a collection of several wliich are extensive. The Atlantic shore is indented witii numerous bays, affording many fine harbors. Capital, Machias. 'There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 12,021, sheep 20,561, swine 4,827; wheat 20,871 bush, produced, rye 2,624, Ind. corn 394, buckwheat 3,218, barley 5,914, oats 22,111, pota- toes 410,868, sugar 1,338 pounds; 3 commercial houses, cap. $370,000; 168 stores, cap. $460,165; 16 lumber yards, cap. $98,300 ; 50,000 bush, do- mestic salt produced ; 3 fulling m., 1 furnace, 14 tanneries, 30 grist in., 159 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $726,214. 2 acad. 191 students, 211 sch 9,273 scholars. Pop. 28,327. Washington, county, R. I. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 367 sq. ms. The Atlantic bounds it on the .s., and Narragan- set bay on the e. Drained by Pawcatuck r. and its branches, the principal of which are Wood and Charles rivers, which afford good water power. Tlie surface is moderately uneven ; soil, a strong gravelly loam, well adapted to grazing. It has several good harbors. Capital, North Kingston. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,741, sheep 35,136, swine 8,399; wheat 1,428 bush, produced, rye 6,267, Ind. corn 1)3,591, buckwheat 446, barley 12,590, oats &},'Sn, pota- toes 257,731 ; 80 stores, cap. $114,2.50 ; 6 lumber WAS 697 WAS J^ards, cap §14,300; 16 fulling m., 23 woollen lac, 23 cotton fac. 23,666 sp., 10 tanneries, 28 gi'ist m., 21 saw m., 1 printing otfice. Cap. in rnanufac. $771,610. 6 acad. 270 students, I'J sch. 742 scholars. Pop. 14,324. Washington, county, Vt. Situated near the centre of the state, and contains 425 sq. ms. The surface is very uneven ; soil, generally fertile. Drained by Onion, or Winooski r., and numerous branches. Organized in 1810, by the name of Jerterson county, which was changed to Wash- ington in 1814. Tlie road from Lake Champlain through 3Iontpelier to Connecticut river, though passing tiirough tlie Green mountains, has few heavy hills, though the mountains tower on its sides. Capital, Montpelier. There were in 1840, neat cattle 25,413, sheep 110,872, swine 12,150; wheat 44,110 bush, produced, rye 5,763, Indian corn 63,108, buckwlieat 23,066, barley 4,028, oats 200,294, potatoes 698,745, hops 7,859 pounds, su- gar 451.348; 45 stores, cap. $216,750; 1 furnace, 32 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 10 tanneries, 6 flour- ing m., 36 grist m., 85 saw m., 5 oil m., 1 paper fac, 6 printing offices, 1 periodical, 2 daily, 6 weekly newspapers. ( 'ap. in rnanufac. $464,252. 2 acad. 231 students, 196 schools 6,866 scholars. Pop. 23,506. VV.\sniNGT0N, county, N. Y. Situated in the E. toward the N. part of the state, and contains 807 sq. miles. Hudson r. bounds it on the w., Lake George on the N. w., and the s. part of Lake Champlain partly on the e. The surface is hilly on the n., undulating on the s. ; soil, gene- rally warm and productive. Watered by lloo- sick and Battenkill rs., flowing into Hudson r., and Pawlet and Poultney rs. and Wood cr., flow- ing into Lake Champlain. The Champlain canal passes through the county, terminating n. at VVhiteliall on the lake. Capitals, Sandy Hill and Salem. There were in 1840, neat cattle 39,159, sheep 210,610, swine 27,668 ; wheat 49,189 bush, produced, rye 136,510, Indian corn 297,405, buckwheat 32,612, barley 9,569, oats 448,064, potatoes 851,545, sugar 4,246 pounds ; 140 stores, cap. $427,900; 1 furnace, 3 forges, 15 lullmg m., 13 woollen tac, 2 cotton fac. 3,141 sp., 19 tanneries, 1 powder m., 2 potteries, 2 flouring m., 31 grist m., 93 saw m., 4 printing offices, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in rnanufac $257,718. 10 acad. 482 students, 205 schools 7,526 scholars. Pop. 41,080. Washington, county. Pa. Situated in the s. w. part of the stale, and contains l,00i) sq. miles. Monongahela r. bounds it on the e.. by branches of which, and by Racoon and Buffalo and other creeks, it is drained. The surface is elevated, uneven, and broken ; soil, fertile. Bituminous coal is abimdant. Capital, Washington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 35,344, sheep 222,631, swuie 54,285 ; wlieat 666,200 bushels produced, rye 38,157, Ind. corn 653,692, buckwheat 29,368, barley 11,913, oats 1,86;,52«, potatoes 5S1,509, sugar 56,032 pounds; 120 stores, cap. .$481,«0(); 3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 30 tanneries, 18 dis- tilleries, 2 glass fac, 2 potteries, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 25 flouring m., 66 grist m., 72 saw m. Cap. in rnanufac $279,005. 2 col- leges, 349 students, 6 acad. 175 students, 170 sch. 6,490 scholars. Pop. 41,279. Washington, county, Md. Situated toward the w. part of the state, and contains 440 sq. ms Potomac r. bounds it on the s. and s. w. Drained by Antictam, Conecocheague, and other creeks, flowing into the Potomac. The surface is partly mountainous and broken ; soil, fertile, particular- ly in the valleys and on the streams. Capital, llagerstown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 88 15,841, sheep 15,798, .swine 36,418; wheat 668,787 bush, produced, rye 111,829, Ind. corn 655,041, buckwheat 1,864, barley 268, oats 436,864, pota- toes 75,783 ; 2 commission houses, cap. $4,000 ; V6 stores, cap. $360,250. 1 furnace, 2 forges, 7 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 20 tanneries, 16 distil- leries, 3 breweries, 3 potteries, 1 rope factory, 52 flouring m., 9 grist m., 43 saw m., 1 oil m., 6 printing offices, 5 weekly newspapers. Cap. in rnanufac. $421,188. 2 acad. 95 students, 53 sch. 1,823 scholars. Pop. whites 24,724, slaves 2,336, free col'd 1,580; total, 28,850. W^ASiiiNGTON, county, Va. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 764 sq. miles. Drained by New r., and branches of Great Ka- nawha r., and by branches of Clinch r. The Blue Ridge runs on its n. w. border. The surface is mostly valleys between itiountain ridges ; soil, fertile in the valleys. Capital, Abingdon. There were in 1H40, neat cattle 13,810, sheep 18,530, swine 32,450 ; wheat 106,750 but..hels produced, rye 8,116, Indian corn 397,476, buckwheat 4,236, barley 1,168, oats 295,770, potatoes 60,180, sugar 62,740 pounds ; 9 stores, cap. $304,000 ; 9 tanner- ies, 103 distilleries, 2 powder m., 40 grist m., 36 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $43,3S1. 1 college 150 students, 18 sch. 551 scholars. Pop. whites 11,731, slaves 2,058, free col'd 212; total, 13,001. Washington, county, i\. C. Situated in the E. part of the state, and contains 360 sq. ms. Ro- anoke r. and Albemarle sound bound it on the n. The surface is level, low, and in part swampy. Phelps lake lies in its e. part. Capital, Plymouth. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,928, sheep 2,125, swine 9,319; wheat 8,707 bush, produced, rye 165, Ind. corn 155,023, oats 4,349, potatoes 19,672, rice 6,051) pounds, cotton 79,925 ; 1 commercial and 2 conmiission houses, cap. $32,000 ; 13 stores, cap. $62,000 ; 13 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $33,700. 2 sch. 38 scholars. Pop. whites 2,639, slaves 1,727, free col'd 159 ; total, 4,525. Washington, county, Ga. Situated E. of the centre of the state, and contains 760 square ms. Ogeechee r. bounds it on the n. e., and Oconee r. on the s. w., by branches of which it is drain- ed. The soil is various, but generally indiff'erent. Capital, Sander.vville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,8d6, sheep 4,439, swine 26,426; wheat 2t),066 bushels produced, rye 1,274, Indian corn 298,747, oats 2,639, potatoes 15,677, cotton 1,190,770 pounds ; 17 stores, cap. $43,(X)0 ; 29 dis- tilleries, 2 flouring m., 18 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manuf;ic. $18,600. 5 acad. 153 students, 8 sell. 108 scholars. Pop. whites 5,962, slaves 4,566, free col'd 37 ; total, 10,565. Washinciton, county, Flor. Situated toward the w. part of the territory, and contains 1,500 .s(|. ms. The Gulf of ."Mexico bounds it on the s. w., and Choctawhatchee r. on the w., by branch- es of which, and by Econliiia r., it is drained. It contains the line bay of 8t. Andrews, on the banks of which is a large amount of live oak. 'i'lie soil along the seashore is generally poor, but there is some good land in the county. Capi- tal, Roche's Blutr. There were in 1340, neat cattle 4,601, sheep 52, swine 2,637; Indian corn 24,965 bush, produced, potatoes 5,365, rice 2,100 pounds, cotton 176,120, sugar 4,170; 5 grist m., 3 acad. 52 students, 5 schools 108 scholars. Pop. wliites 504, slaves 353, free col'd 2 ; total, 859. Washington, county, Ala. Situated toward the s. w. part of the state, and contains 810 sq. miles. Tombigbee river bounds it on the e., by branches of which, and by Escatawpa creek, it is drained. Capital, Barryton. There were in WAS 698 WAS 1840, neat cattle 20,361, sheep 2,221, swine 14,083 ; wheat 386 bush, produced, rye 360, Ind. corn 152,049, barley 28, oats 2,383, potatoes 23,934, cotton 355,748 pounds ; 8 stores, capital $14,900 ; 2 tanneries, 2 potteries, 10 grist m., 4 saw m., 14 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $33,500. 12 schools 201 scholars. Pop. whites 2,843, slaves 2,431, free col'd 23 ; total, 5,300. Washington, county. Miss. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 2,420 sq. miles. Mississippi r. bounds it on the w., and Yazoo r. partly on the E. Drained by Sunflower r. and its branches. Capital, Princeton. There were produced in 1840, cotton 15,100,400 pounds. Pop. whites 654, slaves 6,627, free colored 6 ; total, 7,287. Washington, parish, La. Situated in the e. part of the state, and contains 792 sq. ms. Pearl r. bounds it on the e., and Tangiapao r. runs on its w. border. Drained by Boguechitto and Chi- functe rs. The soil is generally sterile, covered with pine. Cotton is produced. Capital, Frank- linton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,000, sheep 1,050, swine 14,250 ; Ind. com 98,790 bush, produced, oats 59,000, potatoes 9,850, rice 251,250 poimds, cotton 375,200; 8 stores, cap. $40,000; 1 cotton fac. 6 sp., 1 tannery, 11 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $245,575. 2 acad. 70 stu- dents, 2 schools 50 scholars. Pop. whites 1,856, slaves 791, free col'd 2 ; total, 2,649. Washington, county, Tenn. Situated in the E. part of the state, and contains 590 square ms. Drained by Nolachucky r. and its branches. A branch of Holston river runs on its n. e. border. Capital, Joncsboro'. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,663, sheep 12,032, swine 70,526 ; wheat 121,424 bushels produced, rye 3,082, Indian corn 330,599, oats 165,758, potatoes 13,936, tobacco 15,162 pounds; 18 stores, cap. $130,500; 2 fur- naces, 8 forges, 11 tanneries, 56 dislilleries, 6 flouring m., 27 grist m., 28 saw m., 3 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $18,595. 1 college 10 students, 1 acad. 34 students, 18 sch. 380 scholars. Pop. whites 10,600, slaves 915, free col'd 236; total, 11,751. Washingion, county, Ky. Situated a little N. of the centre of the state, and contains 475 sq. ms. Chaplin's fork of Salt r. runs on its n. bor- der, by branches of which it is drained. Capital, Springfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,955, sheep 9,966, swine 28,200 ; wheat 27,350 bush, produced, rye 21,433, Indian corn 281,730, oats 28,720, potatoes 7,088, tobacco 72,000 pounds ; 16 stores, cap. $37,900 ; 6 tanneries, 29 distiller- ies, 11 breweries, 2 flouring m., 30 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,012. 1 acad. 80 stu- dents, 22 sch. 636 scholars. Pop. whites 7,900, slaves 2,658, free col'd 38; total, 10,596. WashingtOiN, county, O. Situated in the s. E. partof tlie state, and contains 713 square miles. Ohio r. runs on its whole s. e. border. Drained by Jluskingum and Little Muskingum rivers, and Duck, WoUi Little llockhocking, Cat's, and Bear creeks. The surface is hilly and broken, except- ing alluvial tracts on the Ohio and 31uskingum rivers ; soil, adapted to grazing and to fruit. Salt and iron ore have been found. Bituminous coal is abundant on the Big and Little Muskingum rs., and on the latter carburetted hydrogen gas issues in many places, which is easily ignited, and burns for several successive days. It was the first or- ganized county in the state. Capital, Marietta. There were hi 1810, neat cattle 12,122, sheep 34,790, swine 17,399 ; wheat 160,650 bush, pro- duced, Ind. corn 320,471, buckwheat 1,454, oats 147,210, potatoes 98,362, tobacco 11,390 pounds, sugar 11,996; 58 stores, cap. $99,587; 2 fulling m., 10 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 41 grist m., 60 saw m., 1 oil m., 3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $148,055. 1 college 100 students, 1 acad. 53 students, 107 sch. 4,476 scholars. Pop. 20,823. Washington, county, la. Situated toward the s. part of the state, and contains 540 sq. ms. The surface is diversified ; soil, fertile, and easy of cultivation. Muscatatack r. runs on its n. bound- ary. Drained by Blue r., and Rush, Twin, De- lany, and Elk crs. The macadamized road from New Albany to Crawfordsville, is located through the county. Organized in 1813. Capital, Salem. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,434, sheep, 17,247, swine 21,621 ; wheat 52,508 bushels pro- duced, rye 1,830, Ind. corn 164,401, oats 50,047, potatoes 10,751, tobacco 71,161 pounds ; 30 stores, cap. $61,000 : 2 cotton fac. 564 sp., 22 tanneries, 8 flouring m., 32 grist m., 37 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $105,575. 2 acad. 96 students, 19 sch. 519 scholars. Pop. whites 15,076, colored 193; total, 15,269. Washington, county. 111. Situated toward the .s. part of the state, and contains 6.56 sq. ms. Kaskaskia r. runs on its n. w. boundary. Drain- ed by Elkhorn, Beaucoup, and Muddy creeks. The surface is level and wet ; soil, indifferent. It has considerable prairie in its s. part. Capital, Nashville. There were in 184(3, neat cattle 10,360, sheep 5,300, swine 18,990 ; wheat 28,540 bush, produced, Ind. corn 272,990, oats 61,080, potatoes 7,175; 5 stores, cap. $56,000. Cap. iu manufactures $930. 14 sch. 299 scholars. Pop. 4,810. Washington, county. Wis. Situated in the E. part of the territory, and contains 675 sq. ms. Michigan lake bounds it on the e. Drained by Milwaulvie and Menomonee rs. Capital, Wash- ington. There were in 1810, neat cattle 277, sheep 1, swine 28S ; wheat 182 bush, produced, Indian corn 55S, oats 165, potatoes 2,150, sugar 4,659 pounds ; 3 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $2,500. 1 sch. 7 scholars. °op. 343. Washington, county, lo 'a. Situated in the w. toward the s. part of t' e territory, and con- tains 648 sq. ms. Drained .jy Iowa r., and Long and Crooked crs., and by a branch of Checauque or Skimk r. The climate is healthy ; soil, fer- tile. Capital, Washington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 600, sheep 39, swine 864 ; wheat 2,210 bush, produced, Indian corn 100,055, oats 2,155, potatoes 1,357 ; 5 stores, capital $3,900 ; 2 saw m. Pop. 1,594. Washington, county. Mo. Situated toward the s. E. part of the state, and contains 820 sq. miles. The surface is hilly and broken; soil, in .some parts, fertile. Watered by Big river and its tributaries, which afford water power, and by head branches of Big Black and St. Francis rs. It contains the celebrated " Iron mountain," which is a mass of magnetic iron ore, so pure in quality as to yield from 70 to 80 per cent, under the ordinary process of converting ore into mal- leable iron. Capital, Potosi. There were in 1810, neat cattle 9,573, sheep 5,618, swine 19,420 ; wheat 34,933 bush, produced, Ind. corn 268,285, buckwheat 3,860, oats 50,344, potatoes 4,748, to- bacco 5,448 pounds, sugar 10,227 ; 16 stores, cap. $76,100; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 3 tanneries, 1 distil- lery, 1 pottery, 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Capital in manufac. $28,650. 1 acad. 83 students, 15 sch. 339 scholars. Pop. whites 6,248, slaves 923, free col'd 42; total, 7,231. Washington, county. Ark. Situated in the N. w. part of the state, and contains 9tX) sq. ms. Ozark mountains lie on its n. border. Drained WAS 699 WAS by a head branch of White r. Capital, Fayette- ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1 1,734, sheep 7,947, swine 35,829 ; wheat 16,384 bushels produced, Ind. corn 380,490, oats 47,368, potatoes 24,264, tobacco 6,070 pounds, cotton 18,685 ; 32 stores, cap. $273,200 ; 1 cotton fac. 84 sp., 9 tan- neries, 7 distilleries, 4 floiiring m., 12 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 printing office. Cap. in manufactures $63,610. 2 acad. 75 students, 13 sch. 358 schol- ars. Pop. whites 6,246, slaves 883, free colored 19; total, 7,148. W.\sHiNGT0N, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 31 e. Au- gusta, 619 W. Drained by branches of Daraa- riscotta and Muscongus rivers. It contains a number of ponds. Incorporated in 1811, by the name of Putnam. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cfip. in manufac. $2,350. 12 sch. 645 scholars. Pop. l,6lX>. Washington, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 33 w. Concord, 473 W. Suiiapee mountain lies in its N. part. Drained by head branches of Ashuelot and Contoocook rivers, issuing from ponds. Long pond, in its s. part, is a considerable body of wa ter. Incorporated in 1766. It has 3 stores, cap $8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,557. 4 sch. 363 scholars. Pop. 1,103. WASiirNGTON, p-t.. Orange co., Vt., 15 s. e. Montpelier, 512 W. Watered by jail branch of Winooski or Onion r., and by branches of Wait's and White rivers. The soil is generally fertile, and adapted to grain and to grazmg. It contains 2 churches, and has a small v. on .Tail branch. Chartered by New York, in 1780, by the name of Kingland. There are in the t., 3 stores, capital $6,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,750. 20 sch. 517 scholars. Pop. 1,359. Washington, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 128 w. Boston, 392 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, well adapted to grazing. W'atered by branches ol Westfield and Housatonic rivers. It contains a Methodist church in its e. part. The Springfield and Albany railroad passes through it. It has 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,900. 8 sch. 184 scholars. Pop. 991. Washington, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 47 w. s. w. Hartford, 320 W. The surface is elevated ; soil, adapted to grazing. W'atered by Shepaug r., a branch of Housatonic r. The principal v., on Shepaug r., contains a Congregational, an Episcopal, and a 3Iethodist church. Alarble, iron, ore, and limestone are found. Incorporated in 1779. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $21,500; 2 fulling m., 1 cotton fac. 1,664 sp., 1 furnace, 3 forges, 1 tannery, 2 distillerie.s, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,050. 1 acad., 20 stu- dents, 10 sch. 418 scholars. Pop. 1,622. Washington, p-t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 12 e. Poughkeepsie, 79 s. by e. Albany, 314 W. The surface is rolling and hilly ; soil, gravel, clay, and calcareous loam, well cultivated and pro- ductive. Drained by W^appinger's cr., and a branch of Ten Mile cr. Malteawan mountains lie in its e. part. It has 6 stores, cap. .$17,500 ; 3 cotton fac. 1,848 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $157,-100. 8 sch. 326 scholars. Pop. 2,833. Washington, t., Bergen co., N. J. It has Hackensack r. on the e., and Saddle r. on the w. boundary It has 6 stores, cap. §7,900 ; 3 tan- neries, 1 distillery, 6 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,200. 4 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 1,833. W^ASHiNGTO.v, t., Burlmgton co., N. J., 22 s. Woodbury. The surface is level ; soil, sandy. Drained by Little Egg Harbor r. and its branches. I It has 4 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 2 furnaces, 1 paper fac, 5 grist m., 8 saw. Cap. in manufactures $76,000. 8 sch. 470 scholars. Pop. 1,630. Washington, t. Gloucester co., N. J., 12 w. Woodbury. The surface i.s level ; soil, sandy, mixed with some loam, and light. Drained by Pensauken and Cooper's creeks, and several branches of Atsion r. Shell marl is found in the neighborhood of Long-a-coming v. It contains an Episcopal church. It has 6 stores, capital $4,800 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 glass house, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $104,250. 4 sch. 131 scholars. Pop. 1,545. Washington, t., Morris co., N. J., 18 w. 3ror- ristown. The surface is mountainous, having Schooley's mountain in its w. part, near the s. E. border it is hilly; soil, fertile, with good cultiva- tion. Drained by tlie s. branch of Raritan r. The mineral springs and hotels on Schooley's moun- tain are a favorite summer resort. The v. is sit- uated on the s. branch of Uaritan r., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Lutheran church, 1 store, and about 20 dwellings. There are in the t. 17 stores, cap. $77,300; 3 lumberyards, cap. $20,000; 1 forge, 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 4 flouring m., 6 grist m., 8 saw m., 4 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $127,900. 15 sch. 753 scholars. Pop. 2,451. Washington, p-b., capital of Washington co., Pa., 209 w. Harrisburg, 236 W. It contains a court house, jail, 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Associate Reformed, 1 3Ielhodist Episcopal, and I Cumberland Presbyterian — a female seminary, a number of stores, a steam woollen fac, and 2,062 inhabitants. It is the seat of Washington Col- lege, founded as an academy in 1787, ciis: ered as a college in 1806, has a president and 5 pro- fessors or other instructors, 224 alumni, 59 stu- dents, and 3,300 vols, in its libraries. The com- mencement is on the last Wednesday in Sep- tember. It has 23 stores, cap. $73,400 ; 1 tan- nery, 1 pottery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly news- papers, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $42,450. 1 college, 159 students, 1 acad. 100 students, 7 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 2,062. Washi.ngton, t., Luzerne co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 5 saw in. Cap. in manufac. $12,400. 4 sch. 128 schol- ars. Pop. 1,255. Washington, t., Berks co.. Pa. It has 4 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 forge, 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 3 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. Pop. 1,210. Washingto.v, t., Franklin co.. Pa., lis. w. Chambersburg. South Mountain covers the E. boundary. Drained' by 2 branches of Antictam cr. It has 7 stores, cap. $48,500 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 6 flouring m., 1 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$39,800. 10 sch. 310 scholars. Pop. 2,404. Washington, t., Y'ork co.. Pa. It has 3 store.s, cap. $6,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,550. Pop. 1,226. Washington, t., Fayette co.. Pa. It has 9 stores, cap. $25,,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $12,235. 4 .sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 1,515. Washington, t., Cambria co.. Pa. Drained by a branch of Kiskiminctas cr. It has 5 sto/es, cap. ."s 15,000 ; 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac §4,100. 6 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,266. W^-vshington, t., Erie co.. Pa. Drained by head branches of French cr. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manidiic. $13,500. 15 sch. 7t)0 scholars. Pop. 1,551. 'VVashington, t, Greene co., Pa. Drained by branches of Ten Mile cr. It has 3 distilleries, '2 WAS 700 WAS grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,180. 7 sch. 155 scholars. Pop. 936. Washington, t., Indiana cc, Pa. The sur- face is hilly ; soil, clay. Drained by Crooked cr. and its branches, and by Plum cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,700 ; 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,375. 1 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 1,893. Washington, t., Jefferson co., Pa. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. 367. Washington, t., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 16 n. Greensburg. The surface is mountainous ; soil, calcareous loam and clay, and some of it fertile. Drained by White Deer Hole and Black Hole creeks. It has 4 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 5 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,500. 10 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 2,004. Washington City, Dist. of Columbia, the capital of the United States, is situated on the e. side of the Potomac, 295 miles from the ocean, by the course of the river and bay, and is in 3S° 32' 51" N. lat. and 77° I' 48" w. Ion. from Green- wich. It is 38 miles s. w. from Baltimore ; 136 from Philadelphia; 225 from New York; 432 from Boston ; 856 from St. Louis ; 544 from Charleston, S. C. ; 662 from Savannah, Ga. ; 1,203 from New Orleans. The population in 1800, was 3,210; in 1810, 8,208; in 1820. 13,217; in 1830, 18,827 ; in 1840, 23,364. Employed in commerce, 103 ; in manufactures and trades, 8S6 ; navigating the ocean, 45 ; do. rivers and canals, 25 ; learned professions, 83. The city stands on a point of land between the Potomac and the Anacostia or Eastern branch. The city contains a little over 8 square miles, and upwards of 5,000 acres. The ground is in general about 40 feet above the level of the river, and there are some moderate elevations, on two of Vvfhich stand the Capitol and the President's house. The city is regularly laid out in streets running north and south, and crossed by others at right angles, running east and west. But the differ- ent parts of the city are connected by broad ave- nues, which traverse the rectangular divisions, diagonally. Where the intersection of these avenues with each other and with the streets would form many acute angles, considerable rectangular or circular open grounds are left, which, when the city shall be built up, will give it an open appearance. The avenues and streets leading to public places are from 120 to 160 feet wide, and the other streets are from 70 to 110 feet wide. The avenues are named after the states of the Union, and the other streets, begin- ning at the Capitol, are denoted by the letters of the alphabet, as A. north and A. south, B. nortli and B. south, &c.; and east and west, they are designated by numbers, as 1st east, 1st west, &c. Pennsylvania avenue, between the Capitol and the President's house, contains the most dense population, and is much the finest street in the city. Five of the avenues radiate from the Capi- tol, and five oliiers from the President's house, giving these prominent places the most ready communication with all parts of the city. The buildings of Washington consist of scattered clusters ; nor is it probable tliat the magnificent plan of the city will soon be built up. Three things are requisite to sustain a large city, one of ■which, it is to be hoped, will never be found in the United States. There must be extensive commer L'e, or manufactures, or an expensive and luxurious court, with the multitudes which a lux- urious court draws around it, to expend their money. This last constitutes a great item in the support of some European cities. Washington cannot be expected to become a very great com- mercial or manufacturing place ; and though the chief men of the government, and the national legislature, and the multitudes whom they draw around them, do much toward the prosperity ot' Washington, the money thus expended is loo small in amount to constitute a main reliance of a large city. Baltimore, in the vicinity, will be likely to .<;urpass Washington in commerce and manufactures, for a long time to come. The growth of Washington, however, has been con- siderably extensive, and it is continually increas- ing; and probably the bustle of a large city would not much improve it as a seat for the na- tional congress. It enjoys the two important requisites for health, pure air and good water, and there is much elegant and refined society, rendering it a pleasant place of residence. The public buildings of Washington have a splendor becoming a great nation. The Capitol is probably the finest senate house in the world, and it is fit that the most august legislative as- sembly on earth should be thus accommodated. The ground on which the Capitol stands is ele- vated 73 feet above the level of the tide, and af- fords a commanding view of the different parts of the city, and of the surrounding country. The building, which is of freestone, covers an area of more than an acre and a half; the length of the front is 352 feet, including the wings ; the depth of the wings is 121 feet. The centre build- ing is surmoimted by a lofty dome ; and there are 2 less elevated domes, one toward each end. A projection on the east or main front, including the steps, is 65 feet wide ; and another on the west front, with tlie steps, is 83 feet wide. In the pro- jection on the east front, there is a noble portico of 22 lofty Corinthian columns ; and in the west front there is a portico of 10 Corinthian columns. The height of the building to the top of the dome is 120 feet. Under the dome in the middle of the building is *he Rotundo, a circular room 95 feet in diameter, and of the same height, adorned with sculptures representing in relief Smith delivered by Pocahontas, the Pilgrims landing at Plymouth, Penn treating with the natives, and a fight of Boone with the Indians ; and 4 magnificent paint- ings by Trumbull, with figures as large as life, representing the presentation to Congress of the Declaration of Independence, the capture of Bur- goyne, the surrender of Cornwallis, and Wash- ington resigning his commission to Congress. Another painting, the baptism of Pocahontas, by Chapman, has recently been added. The Ro- tundo has recently received a splendid additional ornament in Greenough's statue of Washington, a colos.sal figure in a sitting posture, twice as large as life. On the west of the Rotundo is the Library room of Congress, 92 feet by 34, and is 36 feet in height, containing, in arched alcoves, 20,000 volumes. In the second story of the south wing of the Capitol is the flail of the House of Representatives, of a semi-circular form, 96 feet long and 60 high, with a dome supported by 21 beautiful columns of variegated marble from the Potomac, with capitals of Italian marble, of the Corinthian order. The circular wall is surround- ed by a gallery for men, and the chord of the arc, back of the Speaker's chair, has a gallery for the ladies. The room is ornamented with some fine statuary and paintings, and the whole furni- ture of it is elegant. The Senate Chamber is in the second story of the north wing of the Capitol, and is semi-circular like that of the Representa- tives, but smaller, being 75 feet long and 45 feet high. 1'he Vice-president's chair is canopied by a rich crimson drapery, held by the talons of a 1 hovering eagle. A gallery of light bronze run- WAS 701 WAS ning round the arc in front of the Vice-president's chair, is mainly appropriated to ladies. There is another gallery above and behind the chair, sup- ported by fine Ionic columns of variegated mar- ble. A magnificent chandelier hangs in the cen- tre of the room, and the whole appearance and furniture of the room are splendid. Below the Senate Chamber, and of nearly the same form and dimensions, but much less elegant, is the room of the Supreme Court of the United States ; and tiiere are in the buildmg 70 rooms for the ac- commodation of committees and officers of Con- gress. The grounds around the Capitol are spa- cious, containing 22 acres, highly ornamented with gravelled walks, shrubbery, and trees, a naval monument ornamented with statuary, and fountains, and the whole is enclosed by a hand- some iron railing. The whole cost of the build- ing has exceeded $2,000,000. The President's house, a mile and a half n. w. from the Capitol, is an elegant edifice of freestone, 2 stories liigh, with a lofty basement, and is 170 feet long and 86 wide, the n. front of which is ornamented with a fine portico of 4 lofty Ionic columns, projecting with 3 columns. The outer intercolumniation is for carriages to drive tmder, to place company under shelter. It stands in the centre of a plat of groimd of 20 acres, beautifully laid out and highly ornamented. It is elevated 44 feet above tide-water, and the southern front presents a grand and beautiful prospect. The apartments within are admirably fitted to their purpose, and splendidly furnished. On the E. side of the President's house are two large build- ings, and on the w. side two large buildings ibr the departments of State, of the Treasury, of War, and of the Navy. The General Post-Office and the Patent-Office are also extensive build- ings. These, with the new Treasury building, have been recently erected, to supply the place of those which were burned a few years since. The new Treasury building contains 150 rooms, and when completed, will contain 250. It has a splendid colonnade, 457 feet in length. The Gen- eral Post-Office contains about 80 rooms, and is of the Corinthian order, with columns and pilas- ters, on a rustic base. The Patent-Office, in ad- dition to other spacious apartments, has one room in the upper story 275 feet by 65, and when com- pleted by wings, according to tlie original design, will be upwards of 400 feet in length. It is con- sidered one of tlie most splendid rooms in Ameri- ca, and is devoted to the grand and increasing collections of the national institution. The porti- co of this building is of the same extent as that of the Parthenon, at Athens, consisting of IG columns, in double rows, 50 feet high. In the war-office was formerly kept tlie fine collection of Indian portraits, painted from the original heads by King. These valuable pictures are now- in tlie custody, and adorn the collections of the National Institution, in the patent-ofTice. The Navy Yard is on the Eastern branch, about tliree fourths of a mile s. e. of the Capitol, and contains 27 acres. It has houses for the officers, and shops and warehouses, and 2 large ship-houses, a neat armory, and every kind of naval stores. Several ships of war, some of which were of the largest class, have been built at this yard. There are also in the city an Ar- senal, a City Hall, an Hospital, a Penitentiary, a Theatre, &c. Washington is separated from Georgetown by Rock creek, over which are 2 bridges. A sub- stantial pile bridge, over a mile in length, crosses tne Potomac, and leads to Alexandria. There is a bridge, also, over the Anucostia, or Eastern branch. This river has water of sufficient depth for frigates to ascend to the navy yard, without being hghtened. Vessels requiring 14 feet of water can come up to the Potomac bridge. By means of the Chesapeake and Ohio canal, a com- munication is opened with a rich back country ; and it may be expected tiiat the commerce of Washington will increase. The Washington canal is a continuation of this canal through the city. It extends from the Chesapeake and Ohio canal, at 17lh-street, west, to which it is connected by a lock at that street, to the Eastern branch. The canal and all the basins are walled with stone on both sides. From 17th to 14ih street, is a spacious basin, 500 feet wide ; from 14th to 6th street, where there is another ample basin, its width is 150 feet; and from 6th street to its ter- mination in the Fjastern branch, its width variea from 45 to 80 feet ; and its depth is 4 feet below tide throughout. At its eastern termination is another spacious basin and wharf, which extends to the channel. This canal has been greatly neglected, and is much out of repair. The ex- pense of this canal has been over $230,000. There were in the city in 1840, 106 stores, cap. $926,040 ; 6 lumber yards, cap. $.57,000 ; precious metals manufactured to the amount of $13,000; various other metals $17,300 ; 2 tanneries, cap. $2,000; 1 brewery, cap. .$63,000; 2 potteries, cap. $3,250; 1 rope-walk, 1 grist m., 11 printing offices, 9 binderies, 3 daily, 5 weekly, 5 semi- weekly newspapers, and 3 periodicals, cap. $149,500; 30 brick and stone, and 23 wooden houses built, cost $86,910. Total cap. in nianu- fac. $336,275. The Columbian College was incorporated by an act of Congress, in 1821. It is delightfully situated on elevated ground n. of the President's house, about '2h miles from the Capitol. The buildings are a college edifice, 5 stories high, in- cluding the basement and the attic, having 48 rooms for students, with 2 dormitttries attached to each, 2 dwelling-houses, for professors, and a philo.sophical hall, all of brick. It has a medical department attached. The Medical College is situated at the corner of 10th and E streets, at equal distances from the Capitol and the Presi- dent's house. In the several departments are a president, 10 professors, and in the college pro- per, about 25 students. There are about 4,200 books in its libraries. The commencement is on the first Wednesday of October. The whole number of alumni is 97. It is under the direction of the Baptists. There were in the city in 1840, 12 academies, with 609 students, 9 primary and common schools, with 3S0 scholars. The National Institution for the Promotion of Science, was organized in .'May, 1840. The Pres- ident of the Uruted Slates is patron ; the heads of departments constitute 6 directors on the part of the government, and 6 literary and scientific gentlemen are directors on the part of the institu- tion. Its stated monthly meetings are held in the patent-office building. Its collections are deposi- ted in the grand hall of this building, 275 feet long and 65 feet wide, and constitute a rapidly in- creasing scientific museum. The United States exploring expedition has added largely to its cu- riosities. The Historical Society and the Colum- bian Institute have united with it, with their libraries and collections. They have a valuable mineralogical cabinet. It 'is proposed to bring oiu regularly volumes of transactions. If proper- ly fostered, it may become an honor to the nation. The Union Literary Society has been in existence lor many years, and holds a weekly discussion WAS 702 WAS in the lecture room of the medical college, and is well attended. Sectarian religion and party politics are excluded from its discussions. The City Library contains about 6,000 volumes. The city contains 21 placesof worship, of which the Presbyterians have 4, the Episcopalians 3, the Baptists 3, the Methodists 3, Protestant do. 1, Roman Catholics 3, the Africans 2, and the Unitarians and Friends 1 each. There are 2 orphan asylums. There are 3 banks, with an aggregate capital of $1,500,000 ; and 2 insurance companies, with an aggregate capital of $450,000. The congressional burial ground is in the east- ern section of Washington, about a mile and a half from the Capitol, and contains about 10 acres of ground, near the Eastern branch. The grounds are tastefully laid out and neatly kept. It has already received a nuniber of distinguished men, and has some fine monuments, and a vault in which bodies are placed that are awaiting a re- moval. This city was fixed on as the future seat of the government in accordance with the suggestion of the great man whose name it. bears, and the ground on which it stands was ceded to the Uni- ted States in December, 1788. The owners of the land gave one half of it, after deducting streets and public squares, to the United States to defray the expenses of the public buildings. Such grounds as should be wanted by the United States was to be paid for at tlie rate of $66 66 cents per acre. It was laid out by 3 commissioners, in 1791, and surveyed under the direction of Andrew Ellicot. The seatof the federal government was removed to this place in 1800. The north wing of the Capitol was commenced in 1793, and finish ed in 1800, at an expense of $480,202. The south wing was commenced in 1803, and finished in 1808, at an expense of .$308,803. The centre building was commenced in 1818, and finished in 1827, at an expense of $957,647. In August, 1814, Washington was captured by the British, under Gen. Ross, who set fire to the Capitol, the Presi- dent's house, and the public offices, with the exception of the patent-office, which was saved by the solicitation of its superintendent. The library of Congress was burned, and was after- wards replaced by the purchase of that of Mr. JefTerson, consisting of 7,000 volumes, for $23,000, in 1815. Washington, p-v., Rappahannock co., Va., 123 N. N. w. Richmond, 75 W. Situated at the s. e. foot of the Blue Ridge, and contains a court house, jail, an academy, 1 church, free to all denomina- tions, 4 stores, various mechanic shops, 50 dwell- ings, and about 375 inhabitants. In the vicinity are two extensive flouring m. Washington, p-v., capital of Beaufort co., N. C, 127 E. by s. Raleigh, 313 W. Situated on the n. side of Tar r., at its entrance into Pamlico river, a branch of Pamlico sound, at the liead of ship navigation. Its exports and its shipping are ex- tensive. Tonnage, 1840, 5,401. It has a court house, jail, a church, several stores, and about 1,200 inhabitants. Washington, p-v., capital of Wilkes co., Ga., 50 w. N. w. Augusta, 78 n. e. Milledgeville, 570 W. Situated on Kettle cr., a brancii of Little r. It contains a court house, jail, a bank, an academy, a masonic hall, all of brick, 3 churches — 1 Pres- byterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 ]VIethodist — 33 stores, a printing office, 75 dwellings, chiefly of wood, and about 800 inhabitants. Washington, p-v., Autauga co., Ala., 102 s. e. Tuscaloosa, 842 W. Situated on the n. side of Alabama r., 10 ms. below Montgomery. It was laid out in 1820, and contains a court house, of brick, having been formerly capital of the co., and a Baptist church, and about 200 inhabitants. It was formerly the site of a large Indian v. called Autauga. Washington, p-v., Adams co.. Miss., 6 n. e. Natchez, 84 s. w. Jackson, 1,104 W. Incorpora- ted 1 m. square, and contains an hospital and poor- house, of brick, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, a female seminary, a United States land office, and about 400 initabitants. It is the seat of .leffer- son college, founded in 1802. It has a large brick edifice, handsomely located, capable of accom- modating 100 students, a fund of nearly $200,000, and tin annual income of about $8,000. The li- brary contains 1,522 vols. Washington, p-v., St. I^andry par., La., 223 w. N. w. New Orleans, 1,236 W. Situated on the s. w. side of bayou Teche, and contains about 125 inhabitants. Washington, p-v., capital of Rhea co., Tenn., 134 E. s. E. Nashville, 566 W. Situated on the w. side of Tennessee r., and contains a court house and jail, and 110 inhabitants. Washington, p-v., capital of Mason co., Ky., 77 E. s. E. Frankfort, 465 W. It contains a court house, jail, an academy, 4 churches, and about 550 inhabitants. Washington, p-v.. Wills t., Guernsey co., O., 85 E. Columbus, 308 W. Situated on the nation- al road. It contains 4 churches, 4 stores, 80 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. Washington, t., Allen co., O. Pop. 457. Washington, t., Belmont co., O. Drained by Captina cr., which affords water power. It has 5 sell. 142 scholars. Pop. 1,387. Washington, t.. Brown co., O., 12 n. e. George- town. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 848. Washington, t., Carroll co., O. Situated im- mediately N. of Carrollton. It has 1 sch. 25 scho- lars. Pop. 1,024. Washington, t., Clermont co., O. Bounded s. by Ohio r., and contains the villages of Neville and Moscow. It has 6 stores, cap. $14,050 ; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,000. 10 sch. 510 scholars. Pop. 2,100. Washington, t., Clinton co., O. It has 1 store, cap. $640 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. 8 sch. 494 scholars. Pop. 1,170. Washington, t., Coshocton co., O., 12 s. e. Coshocton C. H. It has 1 sawm., 1 sch. 20 scho- lars. Pop. 1,029. Washington, t., Columbiana co., O. It has 4 sch. 145 scholars. Pop. 812. Washington, t., Darke co., O. Bounded w. by la. Pop. 889. Washington, t., Franklin co., O. Scioto r. bounds it on the E. Situated in the Virginia Mil- itary district. It has 3 sch. 57 scholars. Pop. 843. Washington, t., Guernsey co., O. It has 3 sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 1,353. Washington, t., Hancock co., O. It has 1 tannery, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. 7 sch. 252 scholars. Pop. 809. Washington, t., Hardin co., O. Pop. 203. Washington, t., Harrison co., O. It contains Williamsport V. It has 5 sch. 211 scholars. Pop. 1,022. Washington, t., Hocking co., O. It has 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 1,124. Washington, t.. Holmes co., O. It contains Nashville v. It lias 4 stores, cap. $1,425 ; 1 tan- nery, 3 flouring m., 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,185. 4 sch. 215 scholars. Pop. 1,461. Washington, t., Jackson co., O. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 481. Washington, t., Licking co., O., 13 n. New- WAS 703 WAS ark. It contains Utica v., and has 3 sch. 73 schol- ars. Pop. 1,348. Washington, t., Marion co., O. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,100 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,050. 5 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 880. Washington, t., Mercer co., O. Pop. 214. Washington, t., Montgomery co., O. It has 12 sch. 915 .scholars. Pop. 2,210. Washington, t., Monroe co., O. Pop. 533. Washington, t., Picl^avvay co., O. (Formerly included in Circleville.) It has 1 pottery, 1 saw m., 3 sch. 172 scholars. Pop. 1,194. Washington, t., Sandusky co., O. Pop. 1,074. Washington, t., Shelby co., O. It was for- merly called Grayson. Watered by a branch of Miami r. It has 3 stores, cap. $1,575 ; 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- uf;u . s7,()90. 5 sch. 118 scholars. Pop. 1,688. \\'ashington, t., Muskingum co., O. It con- tains Jackson v., has several salt fac, and con- tains an ancient fortification and several mounds. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 1,488. Washington, t., Preble co., O. Organized in 1809. The soil is fertile and well watered. It contains Eaton v., the capital of the co., 4 flour- ing m., 4 saw m., and 2 carding machines. Pop. 2,459. Washington, t., Richland co., O. Situated immediately s. of Mansfield, the capital of the CO. Pop. 1,914. Washingto.n, t., Scioto co., O. Bounded s. by Ohio r., and e. by Scioto r. The surface is uneven and rough, excepting on the rivers, where are extensive and very fertile alluvial tracts. It has extensive quarries of fine freestone. It con- tains Alexandria v. Tlie Ohio canal passes through it, and by its waste waler affords water power. It has 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 653. Washi.ngton, t., Tuscarawas co., O. Organ- ized in 1827. It lias 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 4 saw m., 6 sch. 430 scholars. Pop. 978. Washington, t., Miami co., O. It contains Piqua V. It has 3 commission houses, capital $3,500; 22 stores, cap. $122,000 ; 1 distillery, 2 fulling m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $14,300. Pop. 1,101. Washington, t., Starke co., O. The surface is level ; timber, beech and sugar maple. It has 600 scholars in schools. Pop. 1,389. Washington, t.. Union co., O. It has I sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 151. Washington, t.. Van Wert co., O. Pop. 47. Washington, t.. Wood co., O. It has 1 sch. 26 scholars. Pop. 196. Washington, t., Williams co., O. Pop. 93. W.\siiiNGTO.N, t., Adams co., la. Pop. 262. Washington, t., Allen co., la. It has 3 sch. 60 scliolars. Pop. 595. Washington, t., Blackford co., la. Pop. 143. Washington, t.. Brown co., la. Pop. 384. Washington, t.. Clay co., la. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Capital in manufac. 1,450. Pop. 1,046. Washington, t., Gibson co., la. It has 2 sch. 64 scholars. Pop. 640. Washington, t.. Grant co., la. Pop. 539. Washington, t, Hamilton co., la. It has 1 sch. 16 scholars. Pop. 1,235. Washi.ngton, t., Harrison co., la. It has 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Pop. 721. Washington, t., Marion co., la. It has 4 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 2 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 5 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,505 ; 8 sch. 335 scholars. Pop. 1,859. Wa.shington, t., Noble co., la. It has 1 saw m. Pop. 259 Washington, t., Putnam co., la. It has 5 stores, capital $7,600 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,400. 5 sch. 385 scholars. Pop. 1,872. Washington, t, Randolph co., la. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,600 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 3 sch. 55 scholars. Pop. 1,219. Washington, t.. Rush co., la. It has 4 sch. 98 scholars. Pop. 1,163. Washington, t., Tippecanoe co., la. Pop. 809. Washington, t., Wayne co., la. It has 1 acad. 45 students, 3 sch. 126 scholars. Pop. 1,935. Washington, t., Washington co., la. It has 11 stores, cap. $22,000; 2 cotton fac. 564 sp., 5 tanneries, 2 printing oflices, 2 weekly newspa- pers, 4 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in man- ufac. $52,075. 1 sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 1,992. Washington, p-t., Macomb co., Mich., 29 n. E. Detroit, 553 W. Watered by Stony cr. and head waters of Middle branch of Clinton r. The soil is very fertile, adapted to grain. It has 5 stores, cap. $11,500; 3 sch. 67 scholars. Pop. 1,314. Washington, p-v., capital of Daviess co., la., 106 s. w. Indianapolis, 668 W. Situated 4 miles E. of the w. fork of White r., and contains a court house, jail, 2 churches, 9 stores, 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 carding machine, 1 linseed and castor oil fac, and about 650 inhabitants. Washington, p-v., Tazewell co., III., 71 N Springfield, 785 W. It contains 7 stores, I steam saw m., and about 350 inhabitants. Situated on the s. side of Holland's Grove, on the border of a delightful prairie. W.vsHiNGTO.N, p-v., capital of Washington co., Iowa. Situated near a branch of Crooked creek, and contains the county buildings, and about 100 inhabitants. Washington, p-v., Franklin co., Mo., 76 e. Jefferson City, 871 W. Washington, t., Buchanan co.. Mo. Pop. 48 1 Washington, t., Clarke co.. Mo. It has 1 soli. 14 scholars. Pop. 314. Washington, t., Johnson co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 476. Washington, t., Lafayette co., Mo. Pop. 453. Washington, t., Livingston co., Mo. Pop. 167. Washington, t., Monroe co., 3Io. It has 3 sch. 75 scliolars. Pop. 1,367. Washington, t., Polk co.. Mo. Pop. 417^_ Washington, t, Taney co.. Mo. Pop. 275. Washington, p-v., capitil of Hempstead co.. Ark., Ill s. w. Little Rock, 1,170 W. Situated on a small branch of Red r., and contains a court house, jail, a U. S. land office, and about 400 in- habitants. Washington, t., Sevier co., Ark. It has 1 sch. 24 scholars. Pop. 516. Washington, C. H., p-v., Washington co., Ala., 146 s. s. w. Tuscaloosa, 960 W. (Now Bar- ryton, which see.) Washington, C. H., p-v., capital of Fayette CO., O., 50 s. vv. Columbus, 423 W. It conuiins a court house, Jul, 1 church, 9 stores, a printing office, and about 80 dwellings. Letters should be directed to ]V,ishinglon C. II., to distinguish it from Washington p-o., ^Guernsey co., O. Washington Depot, p-o., New Hanover co., N. C. Washington PIollow, p-o., Washington t., Dutchess CO., N. Y., 82 s. by E. Albany, 311 W. Washingtonville, v., Sandy Creek t., Oswe- go CO., N. Y. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presby- terian, I Methodist, and 1 Universalist ; 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 1 fur- nace, 1 tannery, and about 250 inhabitants. WAT 704 WAT Washingtonville, v., Blooming Grove t., Orange co., N. Y. ,10 w. Nevvburgli. It contains an academy, 4 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 plaster m., 1 tannery, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabit- ants. Washingtonvillk, p-v., Derry t., Columbia CO., Pa., 79 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 189 W. It con- tains 2 stores and about 35 dwellings. WASirrNGTONviLLE, p-v., Greene t., Columbi- ana CO., O., 162 E. N. E. Columbus, 294 \V. It contains 4 stores, 2 saw m., 1 oil m., and about 35 dwellings. It has 1 sch. 13 scholars. Pop. 107. Washita, r.. Ark. and La., rises in Sevier CO., Ark., and receives Little Missouri on the vv. side on the s. border of Clarke co., and Saline r. from the n. on the s. extremity of Bradley co., enters La., and receiving Bayou Bartholomew and Bayou Bceuf, it flows s. by e. to its junction with Tensas r. to form Black r., which flows into Red r. Washita, parish. La. Situated toward the N. E. part of the state, and contains 2,090 .sq. ms. Drained by Washita r. and its branches, and by head branches of Little r. The surface is exten- sively covered by pine forest, but in some parts, on the streams, the land is liable to be overflowed. Cotton is the chief production. Capital, Monroe. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,642, sheep 350, swine 4,128 ; Indian corn 32,898 bush, produced, oats 2,240, potatoes 5,300, cotton 1,724,658 pounds ; 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,000. 1 acad. 30 students, 5 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. whites 2,188, slaves 2,433, free colored 14 ; total, 4,640. Washte.^iaw, county, Mich. Situated toward the s. K. part of the state, and contairft 720 sq. ms. Organized in 1826. Drained by Huron, Ilaisin, Macon, and Saline rivers, and 3Iullet's, Honey, Mill, and Paint creeks. It contains sev- eral lakes. The surface is gently undulating ; soil, a deep and fertile black loam and clay. Prairie and timber land are interspersed. Raisin r., and Huron r. and its branches, afford water power. It is among the best counties of the state. Capital, Ann Arbor. There were in 1840, neat cattle 22,208, sheep 19,273, swine .30,141 ; wheat 216,597 bush, produced, rye 2,941, Indian corn 220,096, buckwheat 22,600, barley 31,050, oats 284,181, potatoes 210,224, sugar 108,047 pounds ; 65 stores, cap. $249,325 ; 2 furnaces, 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 4 distiller- ies, 11 flouring m., 7 grist m., 41 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $314,555. Pop. 23,571. Watauga, r., N. C. and Tenn., rises in Ashe CO., N. C, and flowing n. w. into Tenn., it unites with the s. fork of Holston r., on the s. border of Sullivan co. Waterborough, p-t., York co.. Me., 25 n. York, 76 s. w. Augusta, 521 W. Little Ossipee r. separates it from Limerick on the n. A pond in its w. part flows into Mousum r., which enters the Atlantic in Kennebunk t. The surlace is pleasantly diversified ; soil, fertile. Incorporated m 1787. It has 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,425. 16 sch. 691 scholars. Pop. 1,944. Waterborough, p-v., Poland t., Chautauque CO., N. Y., 318 w. by s. Albany, 331 W. Situa- ted on Conewango creek, and contains 1 store, 1 saw m., 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabit- ants. Waterborough Centre, p-o., Waterborough t., York CO., Me., 75 s. w. Augusta, 525 W. Waterburg, p-o., Tompkins co., N. Y., 173 w. by s. Albany, 306 W. Waterburg, p-v., Sheridan t., Calhoun co.. Mich., 92 vv. Detroit, 569 W. Situated on the N side of Kalamazoo r. Waterburv, p-t., Washington co., Vt., 12 n. w. Montpelier, 525 W. The surface is level or gently uneven ; soil, fertile, particularly on the streams. Watered by Onion or Winooski and Waterbury rivers, the latter of which, with its branches, affords water power. The principal v., in the s. part, near Onion r., contains 1 Con- gregational and 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, va- rious mechanic shops, and a number of neat dwellings. In the s. w. corner Onion r. has a curious passage through the rocks, which have fallen into the chasm, forming a natural bridge, and being near the road it is deserving the attention of the curious traveller. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $11,000; 2 fulling m., 1 taimery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Capital in manufac. $19,.500. 19 sch. 595 scholars. Pop. 1,992. Waterbury, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 52 s. s. vv. Hartford, 310 W. The surface is rough. Wa- tered by Naugatuck r., which affords good water power. The v., at the centre, contains 4 cliurch- hs — 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — and about 1,500 inhabitants. It contains several extensive manufactories. The t. has 17 stores, cap. $88,370 ; 5 fulling m., 3 wool- len fac, 3 cotton fac. 570 sp., 2 tanneries, 3 dis- tilleries, 5 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $718,309. 2 acad. 75 students, 23 sch. 735 schol- ars. Pop. 3,668. Waterbury Centre, p-v., Waterbury t., Washington co., Vt., 15 n. w. Montpelier, 528 W. It contains 2 churches, of brick — 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist — 1 store, and a number of dwellings. Wateree, r., JN. C. and S. C, rises in N. C, and is called the Catawba until it enters S. C, where it is called the Wateree to its union with the Congaree to form Santee r. Waterford, p-t., Oxford co.. Me., 53 w. Au- gusta, 583 W. The sm-face is level ; soil, fertile, adapted to grain. It has a large pond toward its E. part, which flows into Crooked r., by which it is drained, and which flows into Sebago pond. Incorporated in 1797. It has 4 stores, cap. $5,500 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $5,290. 12 schools 527 scholars. Pop. 1,381. Waterford, p-t., Caledonia co., Vt., 49 e. n. E. Montpelier, 547 W. Bounded on the s. e. by Connecticut r., in which, opposite to the t., is a portion of the 15 mile falls. The surface is rough ; soil, on the streams, fertile, otherwise adapted to grazing. Watered by Pasumpsic r., and Moose r. runs through its n. e. corner. It contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Free-will Baptist, and 1 Methodist. Stiles's pond, in the s. e. part, covers 100 acres. Incorporated in 1797. It has 3 stores, cap. $15,000 ; 1 tannery, 8 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,150. 1 acad. 41 students, 15 sch. 501 scholars Pop. 1,338. Waterford, p-v., Worcester co.,. Mass., 42 w. Boston, 415 W. Waterford, p-t., New London co., Ct., 46 s. e. Hartford, 451 W. Bounded by Thames r. on the E., and by Long Island sound on the s. The surface is uneven ; soil, gravelly loam, adapted to grazing. Watered by Niantic and .lordaa riv- ers. The former flows into a bay of the same name, which sets up from the sound 3 or 4 ms., and is navigable for sloops of 20 tons. It contains 3 Baptist churche.s, one of which is a Seventh-day Baptist. It has 4 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 1 oil m. Capital in manufac. $11,500. 10 sch. 532 scholars. Pop. 2,329. Waterford, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 10 n. Albany, 380 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, WAT 705 WAT fiaiid and alluvion. Watered by Mohawk and Hudson rivers, which here unite. The v. is sit- uated on the w. bank of Hudson r., at the head of sloop navigation. It contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — an academy, a female seminary, a bank, 20 stores and groceries, 1 cotton fac, 4 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 macliine shops, 1 twine lac, 1 furnace, 1 fire engine fac, 1 button fac, 1 plaster m., 2 saw m., 1 tannery, 200 dwellings, and about 1,400 inhabitants. Six sloops and schooners and several canal boats are owned here. The Cliamplain canal passes through the place, and also tlie Troy and Saratoga railroad. The canal here enters Iludson r. A bridge con- nects the place with Lansingburgh. It has 28 stores, cap. $47,535 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $1,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $92,115. 5 sch. 375 scholars. Pop. 1,824. VVatkrford, t., Gloucester co., N. J., (post- office called Waterford Works,) 12 w. Woodbury, 51 s. s. w. Trenton, 161 W. The surface is level ; soil, sand and sandy loam. Dramed by Pensau- keu or.. Cooper's cr., and branches of Atsion r. It contains an Episcopal church, and has 10 stores, cap. $7,310 ; 4 distilleries, 2 glass-houses, 2 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 oil m. Capital in manufactures $82,987. 8 sch. 425 scholars. Pop. 3,467. Waterford, p-t., Erie co.. Pa., 13 s. e. Erie, 256 N. w. by w. Harrisburg, 329 W. The sur- face is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Watered by Le Bceuf cr., flowing into Le Jiceuf lake, which has an outlet into French cr. The b. contains 4 stores, cap. $7,700 ; 1 flouring ra. Cap. in man- ufac $1,000. 1 acad. 60 students, 1 sch. 30 schol- ars. Pop. 403. There are in the t. 1 tannery, 3 grist ra., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,710. 9 sch. 272 scholars. Pop. 1,144. Waterford, p-v., Loudon co., Va., 159 n. Richmond, 40 W. Situated on Kittoctan cr., and contains 2 churches — 1 free to all denominations, and 1 Friends ; 6 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw, grist, and plaster m., and 2 cotton fac, (in the vicinity,) 70 dwellings, and about 425 inhabit- ants. Waterford, p-t., Washington co., O., 24 n. w. 3Iarietta, 89 e. s. e. Columbus, 321 W. Situ- ated on both sides of Muskingum r. The surface is undulating and broken : soil, on the r., fertile. The v. is situated on Muskingum r., and contains 2 churches, 2 stores, and, in the vicinity, 3 flour- ing m., 3 saw m., 2 carding machines, 2 fulling m., -40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. Pop. of the t. 1,166. Waterford, pt., Oakland co., Mich., 32 n. w. Detroit, 556 W. Watered by numerous small lakes and their outlets. It has 1 store, cap. $3,0(W ; 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in man- uftic $7,500. Pop. 946. Waterford, p-v., Gibson co., Tenn., 121 w. by s. Nashville, 804 W. Waterford, p-v., Fulton co.. 111., 50 n. w. Springfield, 830 ^V. It contains 105 inhabitants. Waterford, p-v., Marshall co., Miss., 184 n. by E. Jackson, 902 W. Waterford Centre, p-o., Waterford t., Oak- land CO., Mich. Waterloo, p-t., and semi-capital, with Ovid, of Seneca co., N. Y., 17 w. by n. Albany, 316 W. The surface is generally level ; soil, calca- reous loam. Watered by Seneca r., along wliich the Seneca and Cayuga canal passes. The v. is handsomely situated on both skies of the outlet of Seneca lake, which is used as a part of the Cayuga and Seneca canal. Incoi-porated in 1824, and contains a court house, jail, 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Meth- odist — an academy, a bank, 25 stores, 1 woollen fac, consuming 200,000 pounds of wool annually, 5 flouring m., 5 saw m., 2 oil m., 2 pail and tub fac, 2 m. for cleaning clover seed, 1 plaster ra., 1 clothier's works, 1 furnace, I machine shop, 1 soap and candle fac, 1 carriage fac, 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 boat-yard, 350 dwellings, and 2,600 inhabitants. Here is an extensive water power. The Cayuga and Seneca canal and the Auburn and Rochester railroad pass through the place. There are in the t. 10 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $1,000; 1 fulling ni., 1 wool- len fac, 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 1 printing office, 1 semi-weekly newspaper, 1 flour- ing m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufactures $71,500. 1 acad. 66 students, 6 sch. 278 scholars. Pop. 3,036. SVaterloo, p-v.. Lock t, Juniata co.. Pa., &9 N. w. Harrisburg, 125 W. Situated on Tusca- rora cr. Waterloo, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 59 n. n. w. Annapolis, 66 W. Waterloo, t., Athens co., O. Watered by Racoon cr. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,700. 3 sch. 39 scholars. Pop. 741. Waterloo, p o., Jackson co., Mich. Waterloo, p-v., Granville co., N. C, 50 n. Raleigh, 266 W. Waterloo, p-v., Laurens dist., S. C, 79 w. by N. Columbia, 507 W. It contains about 75 in- habitants. Waterloo, p-v., Lauderdale co., Ala., 160 n. Tuscaloosa, 805 W. Situated on the n. side of Tennessee r. It contains about 80 nihabit- ants. Waterloo, p-v.. Point Coupee par., La. Sit- uated on 3Iississippi r., at the outlet of False r. Wati;rloo, p-t., Fayette co., la., 5 s. e. Con- nersville, 61 E. by s. Indianapolis, 524 W. It has 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 92b. Waterloo, p-v., capital of Monroe co., 111., 115 s. by w. Springfield, 828 W. Situated on elevated ground, and contains a brick court house, 2 stores, and about 25 dwellings. Waterloo, p-v., capital of Clark co.. Mo., 186 .\. by E. JefTerson City, 911 W. Situated a little w. of Mississippi r., w. of the mouth of Des iMoines r., and contains a court house, jail, and about 75 inhabitants. Water Street, p-v., Morris t., Huntingdon CO., Pa., 100 w. Harrisburg, 159 W. Situated on Juniata r., a little above Alexandria, and con- tains 12 or 14 dwellings. Watertown, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 7 w. Boston, 433 W. The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, mostly fertile, and under high cul- tivation. Drained by Charles r., which afTords water power, and is navigable to this place for vessels requiring 6 or 7 feet of water. It has a pleasant v., and contains 1 Unitarian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Universalist church, a I'. Stales arsenal containing 40 acres of ground, with several large brick buildings enclosed by a high fence, on the N. bank of Charles r. The provincial congress held its sessions here in 1775. First settled in 1630. There are in the t. 11 stores, cap. $37,800; 2 lumber yards, cap. $9,000; 7 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 1 acad. 30 students, 7 sch. 402 scholars. Pop. 1,810. Watertow.v, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 42 s. s. vv. Hartford, 320 W. Tlie surface is uneven, and in some parts level ; soil; dry gravelly loam, adapted to grazing. Watered by Steel's brook. The v. contains a Congregational and an Epis- copal church. John Tnmibull, the celebrated author of McFingal, was born here. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. .$21,000; 2 fulling m., 5J WAT 706 WAT tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $10,300. 9 sch. 354 .scholars. Pop. 1,442. Watehtown, p-t., capital of Jefferson Co., N. y'., 104 N. w. Albany, 416 W. The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, a fertile sandy loam and clay. Drained by Stony and Sandy creeks. Black r. runs on its n. boundary, affording an immense water power. The v. is situated on the s. side of Black r., and is connected by covered bridges willi Williamstovvn and Juhel- ville villages on the opposite side. Incorporated in 1831, and contains a court house and jail of stone, a state arsenal of brick, a bank, 7 churches • — 2 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Me- thodist, I Universalist, and 1 Roman Catholic — 26 stores of different Idnds, various mechanic shops, 700 dwellings, and about 4,000 inhabit- ants. The Black River Literary and Religious Institute has about 180 students, and is flourish- ing. An association of young men for literary and scientific improvement, have a library which is increasing. The r. here has a fall of 88 feet in 1 m., with 7 dams and 5 natural cascades. Here are 1 flannel fac, 1 broadcloth and satinet fac, 1 cotton fac, 2 negro cloth fac, 3 carding and clothiers' m., 5 flouring m. and grist m., 1 paper m., 2 iron furnaces, 3 machine shops, 4 saw m., 2 tanneries, 1 morocco dressing fac, 4 wagon and carriage fac, and various other me- chanical establishments, 1 brewery, and 1 distil- lery. Tiiere are in the t. 45 stores, cap. §200,000 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $5,000; 5 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 4 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspa- pers, 4 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $259,500. 19 sch. 1,192 scholars. Pop. 5,027. Watertown, p-t., Washington co., O., 14 n. w. Marietta, 92 e. s. e. Columbus, 312 W. Wolf cr. passes through the t., and afTords wa- ter power. The soil is fertile and well cultiva- ted. The V. contains a neat church, 2 stores, 1 oil m., 1 grist m., 1 carding machine, and 126 in- habitants. There are in the t. iO sch. 489 schol- ars. Pop. 1,127. Watertown, p-v., Clinton co., Mich., 112 w. N. w. Detroit, 600 W. Watertown, p-t., Jefrer.son co.. Wis., 39 e. Madison, 853 W. Watered by Rock r., on the E. side of which the v. is situated. It has 1 saw m. Cap. iu manufac. $6,000. 1 sch. 23 schol- ars. Pop. 218. Watervale, p-v., Pompey t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 125 w. by n. Albany, 342 W. It contains 1 store, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Water Valley, p-o., Hamburg t., Erie co., N. Y., 303 w. Albany, 373 W. Water Village, pv., Carroll co., N. H., 48 N. E. Concord, 529 W. Waterville, p-t., Kennebec co., Ble., 18 n. Augusta, 613 W. Kennebec r. bounds it on the E. The soil is fertile and well cultivated. In- corporated in 1802. The v. is situated at Te- conic falls on the Kennebec, which are 13 feet in height, where is a bridge across the r. The V. contains 4 churches, an academy, and various mills and manufactories. Tlie Kennebec is nav- igable to this place from Augusta, for boats of 40 tons. Emerson's stream, a Irilnitary of the Kennebec, has a very high fall, and affords good water power, where is a flourishing manufactur- ing v. Waterville College, under the direction of the Baptists, is located in this t., was founded in 1820, has a president, and 5 professors or other instructors, 145 alumni, of whom 30 have been ministers of the gospel, 65 students, and 7,000 vols, in its libraries. The commencement is on the 1st Wednesday in August. It has 2 edifices containing rooms for students, a chapel, and a commons hall. There are in the t. 39 stores, cap. $129,800 ; 2 fulling m., 1 college, 94 students, 2 acad. 262 students, 19 sch. 1,274 scholars. Pop. 2,971. Waterville, p-t., Lamoille co., Vt., 43 n. w. Montpelier, 553 W. Chartered by the name of Coit's Gore in 1788, by its present name in 1824, first settled in 1789. The surface is mountainous and broken ; soil, adapted to grazing. Watered by the n. branch of Lamoille r., which aflTords water power, and along which is fertile land. It lias 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 wool- len fac, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,750. 6 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 610. Waterville, p-v., Sangerfield t., Oneida co., N. Y., 90 w. N. w. Albany, 372 W. Situated on a branch of Oriskany cr., and contains 1 Pres- byterian, and 1 Baptist church, an academy and female seminary, a bank, 10 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 starch fac, 3 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 furna- ces, and a machine shop, where carriage springs are made, 1 organ fac, 3 distilleries, 120 dwell- ings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Waterville, p-t., Lucas co., O., 130 n. w. by N. Columbus, 461 W. Watered by a branch of Maumee r. The v. is situated on the n. side of this r., 6 ms. w. of Perrysburg, and contains 1 store, 1 grist ra., 1 carding macliine, and 190 in- habitants. Pop. of the t., 565. Waterville Corners, p-o.. Concord t., Erie CO., N. Y., 290 w. Albany, 360 W. Watervlbet, p-t., Albany co., N. Y., 5 .v. Albany, 375 W. The surface is level or undu- lating ; soil, sandy ridges and swamps, excepting on Hudson r., where are extensive and fertile flats. Mohawk r. runs on its n., and Hudson r. on its E. border. It contains several islands formed by the mouths of the 3Iohawk. It has a Shaker settlement, called NtsiMt/ima. The Eric and Charaplain canals separate here, and in the former are many locks, to overcome the falls of the Cahoes. At West Troy v. is the Watervliet United States Arsenal. There are in the t. 94 stores, cap. $100,853; 4 lumber yards, cap. $73,000 ; 3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac 5,100 sp., 1 brewery, 4 potteries, 1 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 flouring m., 10 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $723,115. 13 sch. 1,600 scholars. Pop. 10,141. (See Troy.) Watervliet Centre, p-o., Watervliet t., Albany co., N. Y., 12 n. Albany, 382 W. Watkins, t., Crawford co.. Mo. It has 3 sch. 46 scholars. Pop. 739. Watkinsville, p-v., Goochland co., Va., 29 w. N. w. Richmond, 162 W. Watkinsville, p-v., capital of Clarke co., Ga., 68 N. by w. Milledgeville, 617 W. Situated at the head of Beaverdam cr., and contains a court house, jail, an academy, 4 stores, and 25 dwellings. Watson, p-t., Lewis co., N. Y., 10 n. e. Mar- tinsburgh, 140 n. w. Albany, 439 W. The sur- face is hilly and mountainous ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Independence cr., Beaver r., and other tributaries of Black r., which bounds it on the w. It has 1 store, cap. $300 ; 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 17 sch. 354 scholars. Pop. 1,707. Watson's, p-o., Coweta co., Ga., 113 w. by n. Milledgeville, 717 W. Watsontown, p-v., Northumberland co.. Pa., 77 N. by E. Harrisburg, 187 W. Watsons Ferry, p-o., Armstrong co.. Pa., 187 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 241 W. WAY 707 WAY Wattsborough, p-v., Lunenburg co., Va., 116 s. w. Richmond, 233 W. Wattsburg, p-b., Erie co., Pa., 263 n. w. by w. Harrisburg, 344 W. Situated on French cr., and contains 2 tanneries, 1 sawm. Cap. in man- ufac. $1,950. 6 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 131. Waugh's Ferry, p-o., Bedford co., Va., 134 w. by s. Richmond, 197 W. WAUGnATCHiE, p-0., Dadc co., Ga., 113 N. w. MilledgeviUe, 717 W. Waupu\, p-v., Fond du Lac co.. Wis., 80 n. e. Madison, 927 W. Waushara, p-v., Dane co.. Wis. Waverlani), p-o., Montgomery co., la., 65 vv. N. w. Indianapoli.s, 630 W. Waver LV, p-o.. Pee Pee t.. Pike co., O., 60 s. Columbus, 407 W. Situated on the Oliio canal, and contains about 250 inhabitants. Waverly, p-v., Humphreys co., Tcnn., 60 w. by s. Nashville, 744 W. Waverly, p-o., Henry co., Mo. Waveri.v, p-o., Lowndes co.. Miss., 147 n. e. Jackson, 892 W. Waverly, t., Lincoln co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 1,133. Waverly Hall, p-o., Harris co., Ga., Ill w. s. w. JMilledgeville, 733 W. Wawarsing, p-t., Ulster co., N. Y., 22 s. w. Kingston, 82 s. s. w. Albany, 297 W. The sur- face is hilly and mountainous ; soil, gravelly loam and clay, and fertile. Drained by Rondout or., and its tributaries, vihich afford good water power. Iron ore, plumbago, and lead are found in the vicinity. It has 17 stores, cap. $33,600; 5 lumber yards, cap. $2,400; 8 fulling m., 11 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 2,136 sp., 6 tanneries, 1 glass house, 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 4.5 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $169,750. 20 soli. 924 schol- ars. Pop. 4,044. Waxahatchee, p-o., Shelby co., Ala., 83 e. Tuscaloosa, 791 W. Wayland, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 17 w. Boston, 423 W. The surface is pleasantly diver- sified ; soil, generally fertile and w-ell cultivated. Chartered in 1835. Sudbuiy r. bounds it on the w. It contains 1 Congregational and 1 iJnita- rian church. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,400 ; 1 grist m., 6 sch. 253 scholars. Pop. 998. Waylandsburg, p-v., Culpepper co., Va., 104 N. N. E. Richmond, 90 W. Waymart, p-v., Chnton t., Wayne co.. Pa., 166 N. E. Harrisburg, 260 W. Situated on a branch of Laxawaxen cr., and contains about 75 iniiabitants. Wayne, county, N. Y. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 572 sq. ms. The surface is undulating; soil, clay, sand and gravel, with vegetable mold. Lake ()ntario bounds it on tiie N. Mud cr. and Canandaigua outlet form Clyde r., which flows e. to Seneca r. Iron ore, gypsum, marl, and water lime are found. Sulphur springs arc abnndant, and some weak brine springs have been found. Capital, Lyons. There were in 1840, neat cattle 33,298, slieep 100,986, swine 44,130 ; wheat 571,033 bush, pro- duced, rye 4,460, Ind. corn 33'^,356, buckwheat 33,002, barley 25,037, oats 482,900, potatoes 512,710, hops 239 pounds, sugar 159,554; 115 stores, cap. $544,250 ; 4 furnaces, 1 forge, 1 1 ful- ling m., 25 tanneries, 1 rope fac, 6 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 glass fac, 1 pottery, 12 flouring m., 25 grist m., 118 saw m., 4 printing offices, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $137,913. 8 acad. 475 students, 182 sch. 9,637 scholars. Pop. 42,057. Wayne, county. Pa. Situated in the N. E. part of the state, and contains 648 feq. ma. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, generally fertile. Bounded n. e. by Delaware r. Drain- ed by Lackawaxen creek and its branches, and by small streams flowing into Delaware r. Capi- tal, Ilonesdale. There were in 1810, neat cat- tle 17,412, sheep 34,371, swine 3,122; wheat 15,210 bush, produced, rye 11,041, Ind. com 10,323, buckwheat 36,555, barley 3,740, oats 102,140, potatoes 156,702, sugar 9,940 pounds; 28 .stores, cap. $36,900 ; 3 fulling m., 6 tanneries, 1 glass fac, 1 flouring m., 14 grist m., 68 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $312,700. 3 acad. 96 .students, 97 sch. 2,424 scholars. Pop. 11,848. WaYxS-e, county, N. C. Situated s. E. of the centre of the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. Drained by Ncuse r. and its branches. Capital, Waynesboro'. There were in 1810, neat cattle 8,492, sheep 6,269, swine 46,594 ; wheat 12,744 bush, produced, rye 1,443, Ind. corn 461,165, oats 8,855, potaloes'90,006, (cotton 402,175 pounds; 12 stores, cap. $61,900 ; 49 grist m., 25 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $S00. 4 acad. 129 students, 6 sch. 213 scholars. Pop. whites 6,754, slaves 3,673, free col'd 464; total, 10,891. Wayne, county, Ga. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, and contains 900 sq. ms. Alta- maha r. bounds it on the n. e. Drained by San- tilla r.. Little Santilla r., and Turtle cr. The sur- face is low, and in some places marshy. Capital Wayne C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,854, sheep 404, swine 3,933; Ind. corn 16,281 bush, produced, potatoes 15,125, cotton 19,183 pounds, sugar 3,465; 3 stores, cap. $11,500; 1 grist m., 1 acad. 12 students. Pop. whites 877, slaves 367, free col'd 14 ; total, 1,258. Wayne, county. Miss. Situated in the E. to- ward the s. part of tlie state, and contains 790 sq. ms. Drained by Chickasawha r. and its branches, and by branches of Leaf r. The sur- face is moderately uneven ; soil, sterile. Capi- tal, Winchester. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 10,297, sheep 927, swine 7,671 ; Ind. corn 5,323 bush, produced, potatoes 9,134, cotton 334,689 pounds ; 2 stores, cap. $1,.500 ; 1 tannery. Pop. whites 1,141, slaves 979 ; totid, 2,120. Wayne, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. toward the w. part of the state, and contains 504 sq. ms. Drained by Buffalo r.. Shoal or., and their branches, aiid other branches of Tennessee r. The surface is hilly ; soil, fertile. Capital, Waynesboro'. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,490, sheep 5,004, swine 34,351 ; wheat 27,406 bush, [iroduced, rye 1,722, Ind. corn 426,560, buckwheat 1,722, oats 32,718, po- tatoes 6,982, tobacco 17,51-8 pounds, cotton 39,382, sugar 6,754; 9 stores, cap. $43,800; I furnace, 1 forge, 1 tannery, 19 di.stilleries, 17 iiri.st m., 2 saw^ m., 1 iiotlery. Cap. in manufac. $10,575. ] sch. 29 scholars. Pop. whites 7,151, slaves 529, free col'd 25 ; total, 7,705. Wayne, county, Ky. Situated in the s. to- ward the E. part of the state, and contains 570 sq. ms. Cumberland r. bounds it on the n., by the s. fork of which and its branches, and by Beaver cr., it is drained. Capital, Monticello. There were in 1810, neat cattle 18,022, sheep 15,382, swine 46,016; wheat 48,388 bu.sh. produ- ced, rye 7,408, Ind. corn 752,904, oats 86,405, potatoes 12,270, tobacco 5,060 pounds, cotton 3,000, sugar 3,550 ; 13 stores, cap. $44,000 ; 2 tan- neries, ll distilleries, 3 flouring m., 16 grist m_., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $9,265. 7 sch. 172 scholars. Pop. wliites 6,754, slaves 630 free col'd 15 ; total, 7,399. Wayne, county, O. Situated n. e. of the centre of the state, and contains 660 sq. ms. WAY 708 WAY Organized in 1808. The surface is rolling, and in some places level ; soil, fertile, especially on the streams. Watered by Killbuck r., and Chippewa and Sugar creeks, and Lake fork of Mohiccan cr. Capital, Wooster. There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,614, sheep 48,5o8, swine 55,899; wheat 753,6"21 bush, produced, rye 49,668, Ind. corn 395,030, barley 2,104, oats 542,965, potatoes 132,003, sugar 177,092 pounds ; 68 stores, cap. $128,925 ; 4 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 27 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 3 breweries, 1 pottery, 23 flouring m., 17 grist m., 81 saw m., 6 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $110,280. 1 acad. 25 students, 10 sch. 278 scholars. Pop. 35,808. Wayne, county, Mich. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Rouge and Huron rivers and their brandi- es, flowing into Detroit r., which bounds it on the s. E. The surface is level or undulating; soil, clay, with some sandy loam. Rouge r. and its branches aflbrd water power. Limestone, iron ore, and sulphur springs are found. Capital, Detroit. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,574, sheep 10,181, swine 17,092 ; wheat 89,769 bush. prots and L'ni- versalists. Crystals of aciinolite are found imbedded in talc. It has 2 stores, cap. $8,000; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $4,100. 9 sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 757. WiNDHA.M, p-t., Windham co., Ct., 31 e. Hart- ford, 3.58 W. It was formerly the capital of the CO. Chartered in 1692, first settled in 1686. Wa- tered by Shetucket r. and its branches, wiiich aflbrd good water power. It contains the flour- ishing manufacturing v. of Willimaniic ia its n. w. part, and the parish of Scotland in its e. part, where is a v. containing a Congregational church. The principal v., near the centre, contains 1 Congregational and 1 Episcopal church, a bank, an academy, 6 stores, and about GO dwelhngs. It has not increased since the American revolu- tion. The county seat was removed to Brook- WIN 734 WIN lyn in 1820. There are in the t. 11 stores, cap. $48,000 ; 2 fuUing m., 3 woollen fac, 5 cotton fac. 11,950 sp., 1 tannery, 2 paper fac, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $361,350. 18 sch. 928 scholars. Pop. 3,3S2. WiNDH.\M, p-t., Greene co., N. Y., 18 w. Cats- kill, 45 s. w. Albany, 363 W. The .surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, fertile in the valleys. Watered by Bataviakill cr. It has 16 stores, cap. $16,600; 5 tanneries, 3 grist m., 17 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $50,100. 10 sch. 203 scholars. Pop. 2,417. Windham, p-t., Bradford co.. Pa., 162 n. by e. Harrisburg, 272 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel. Drained by Wepassening cr., which flows into Susquehanna r. It has 3 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,110. 4 sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 879. Windham, t. Luzerne co.. Pa., 25 n. w. Wilkesbarre. The surface is mountainous ; soil, generally fertile. Drained by Big and Little JVIahoopeny creeks. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,200 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,100. 9 sch. 304 scholars. Pop. 1,647. Windham, p-t.. Portage co., O., 159 n. e. Co- lumbus, 315 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, fertile. Its name was changed from Sharon in 1820. It is a flourishing agricultural t. It has 1 acad. 76 students, 8 sch. 217 scholars. Pop. 907. Windham Centre, p-v., Windham t., Greene CO., N. Y., 49 s. w. Albany, 360 W. It contains 1 church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 tan- neries, and about 40 dwellings. The v. at the centre contains a Congregational church, a flourishing academy, and a small agricultural set- tlement. The t. is inhabited by substantial farm- ers. Windham Mill, p-o., Montgomery co., N. C, 134 w. s. w. Raleigii, 395 W. Windsor, county, Vt. Situated toward the s. E. part of the state, and contains 900 sq. ms.'i Watered by Queechee and Black rivers, an3 branches of West and Williams' rivers. Bound- ed on the E. by Connecticut r., into which all of its streams flow. The surface is uneven ; soil, generally fertile. Steatite or soapstone is found in Plymouth, Broadwater and Bethel, and e,x- tensively wrought. Limestone is found. Capi- tal, Woodstock. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 51,863, sheep 234,826, swine 22,834; wheat 56,659 bush, produced, rye 46,126, Ind. corn 168,897, buckwheat 49,380, barley 5,164, oats 301,026, potatoes 1,072,753, silk cocoons 1,146 pounds, hops 2, 100, sugar 462,444 ; 100 stores, cap. $472,400 ; 4 furnaces, 57 fulling m., 27 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 650 sp., 45 tanneries, 1 rope fac, 46 grist m., 154 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 2 binderies, 2 peri- odicals, 5 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- fac. $882,620. 1 college, 70 students, 7 acad. 558 students, 357 sch. 13,054 scholars. Pop. 40,356. Windsor, p-t., Kennebec co., 3Ie., 10 e. Au- gusta, 605 W. Drained by Sheepscot r., and by several ponds which flow into it. The surface is diver.sified ; soil, generally fertile, adapted to grain. Chartered in 1809, by the name of Malta. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tan- nery, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac $9,350. 15 sch. 758 scholars. Pop. 1,789. Windsor, t., Hillsboro' co., N. H. Formerly called Campbell's Gore. Incorporated in 1798. Drained by branches of Contoocook r., one of which issues from a considerable pond near the centre of the t. The soil is fertile, adapted to grazing, and some of it to grain. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 4 sch. 63 scholars. Pop. 177. Windsor, p-t., capital of Windsor co., Vt., 65 Montpelier, 471 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile. Connecticut r. bounds it on the e. Drained by Mill r., which affords water power. The V. is situated on the w. side of Connecticut r. Between the v. and the r. is a beautiful mea- dow, one fourth of a m. wide. It has Mill r. on the s., and Pulk-hole brook on the n. and n. w., both of which enter Connecticut r. These streams form a narrow isthmus on the w. side of the v. The surface is uneven, and the main street is serpentine in its course. It contains 3 churches, a court house for U. States courts, a seminary foryounggentlemen and ladies, a bank, a state's prison, 9 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw ni., a printing office, issuing a weekly newspaper, and many elegant houses, beautifully ornamented with trees and shrubbery. Mill r. has a fall of 60 feel in one third of a m., and affords good wa- ter power. Brownsville v., in the w. part of the t., contains a Methodist church and 2 stores ; and Sheddsville, in the same part, has a church com- mon to the Freewill Baptists and Universalists. The t. contains 2,428 sheep. On the s. border of the t. is Ascutney mountain, 3,320 feet above tidewater. Tliere are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $40,.500 ; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 1 printing office, 2 periodicals, 2 weekly newspapers, 5 grist m., 8 saw- m. Cap. in manufac. $35,490. 18 sch. Pop. 2,744. Windsor, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 123 w. Boston, 388 W. The surface is elevated and broken ; soil, well adapted to grazing. Drained by a branch of Westfield r., issuing from a pond in its N. E. part, and by a branch of Housatonic r. in the s. w. part. It occupies the height of land between Connecticut and Housatonic rivers. The V. contains 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist church. It has 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,450. 10 sch. 207 scholars. Pop. 897. Windsor, p-t., Ilartlbrd co., Ct., 7n. Hartford, 313 W. This venerable t., one of the oldest in Ct., was first settled in 1636. The surface is generally level ; soil, sandy or gravelly loam, with fine meadows. Connecticut r. bounds it on the E. Farmington r. passes through it, and here enters Connecticut r., affording good water pow- er. The principal v. is on a single street, 2 or 3 ms. long, containing a Congregational church, several stores, and a number of handsome dwell- ings, beautifully shaded with trees. A bridge here crosses Farmington or Tuxis r. Poquonock v. is pleasantly situated at the head of navigation on Farmington r. Pine Meadow is a manufac- turing V. in the n. e. part of the t., at the com- mencement of the canal around Enfield falls, in Connecticut r. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $18,600 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 570 sp., 1 tannery, 3 paper fac, 5 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $155,300. 1 acad. 39 stu- dents, 9 sch. 287 scholars. Pop. 2,283. Windsor, p-t, Broome co., N. Y., 12 s. e. Binghamton, 126 s. w. Albany, 300 W. l^e surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, productive in the valleys. Drained by Susquehanna r. and its tributaries. The v. is situated on the w. side of Susquehanna r., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 4 stores, 1 oil m., 1 card- ing machine, 60 dwellings, and about 400 in- habitants. There are in the t. 3 stores, capital $11,000; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,500. 20 sch. 685 scholars. Pop. 2,368. WtNDSOR, p-t., York CO., Pa., 42 s. Harrisburg, WIN 735 WIN 102 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Watered by Grist and Fish creeks, and Cabin Branch and Beaver runs. Windsor, t., Berks co., Pa. Schuylkill r. and canal pass along its w. boundary, ancl Maiden cr. on the E. Bine mountain occupies the n. w. part. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly and sterile. It contains a church, common to Luther- ans and Presbyterians, near the centre, and another near Hamburg v., in the n. w. part. It has 1 store, cap. $9,000 ; 2 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 1 grist m., 1 oil m. Pop. 2,882. Windsor, p-v., Bertie co., N. C, 157 Raleigh, 260 W. Situated on the w. side of Cashie r., a branch of Roanoke r. The r. is navigable to this place for vessels of from 80 to 100 tons. It con- tains a court house, jail, county offices, and an Episcopal church. It is surrounded by a fertile country, and is well situated for irade, but i.s un- healthy, owing to swamps on tlie margin of the r. Windsor, p-v., Walton co., Ga., 71 n. n. w. Milledgeville, 645 W. Situated on a head branch of Ocmulgee r. Windsor, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 126 n. e. Columbus, 327 W. Grand r. runs along its e. boundary, alternately crossing it, by branches of which it is drained. Organized in 1810. It con- tains a quarry of grindstones. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,100; 1 furnace, 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,954. Pop. 876. Windsor, p-t., Lawrence co., O., 110 s. s. e. Columbus, 410 W. (Post-oflice called Windsor Cross Roads.) Drained by Symmes and Indian Guyandot creeks, flowing into Ohio r. It has 6 Ech. 125 scholars. Pop. 815. Windsor, p-v., Randolph co., la., 71 e. n. e. Indianapolis, 516 W. Situated on Stony cr. Windsor, p-v.. Bureau co., III., 119 n. Spring- field, 814 W. It contains 1 church, 4 stores, and about 150 inhabitants. Windsor Locks, p-v., Windsor t., Hartford CO., Ct., 12 N. Hartford, 348 W. Situated in Pine Meadow v. (See Windsor t.) WiNESBURG, p-v.. Paint t.. Holmes co., O., 105 N. E. Columbus, 331 W. It contains 1 store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. WiNFiELD, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 76 w. Albany, 375 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, a fertile calcareous and sandy loam. Drained by head branches of Unadilla r. It has 5 stores, cap. $17,400 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $27,750. 11 sch. 490 scholars. Pop. 1,652. Wing, t., Lucas co., O. It has 2 sch. 48 schol- ars. Pop. 145. WiNGViLLE, p-v.. Grant co., Wis., 67 w. Madi- son, 899 W. WiNii.\LL, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., 97 s. by w. Montpelicr, 434 W. The surface is rough, be- ing situated in part on the Green mountain range. Draineil by Winhall r., a branch of West r., which affords water power. Chartered in 1761. It has 1 store, • ;^ ft200 ; 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $900. 6 »wa. 200 scholars. Pop. 57G. Winnebago, lake, situated between Fond du Lac and Calumet counties, Wisconsin ter., and is 24 ms. long and 10 broad. The water is clear. Its outlet, in the n. w. part, is Fox r., which also enters it on the w. part, and is a large stream, flowing into (rreen bay. WiNNEii.vGO, county. Wis. Situated in the n. part of the settled portion of the ter., and con- tains 500 sq. ms. Drained by Neenah or Fox and Panwaygun rivers, and their branches. Capital, Oshkosh. There were in 1840, neat cattle 184, swine 147 ; Ind. corn 1,090 bush produced, pota- toes 1,980, sugar 4,400 pounds ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,000. Pop. 135. Winnebago, county. III. Situated in the N. part of the state, and contains 504 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Rock r., and its branch Kishwaukie r., and by Peckatonokce r. The surface is undulating ; soil, fertile. Formed in 1836. Capital, Rockfbrd. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,711, sheep 894, swine 12,374 ; wheat 63,315 bush, produced, Ind. corn 127,377, buckwheat 1,399, oats 50,117, pota- toes 79,136, tobacco 115,419 pounds, sugar 13,823; 18 stores, cap. $S0,000; 1 fulling m., 2 distillerie.?, 23 potteries, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 10 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $69,225. 26 sch. 606 scholars. Pop. 4,609. WiNNEMAC, p-v., capital of Pulaski co., la., 100 N. by w. Indianapolis, 633 W. It contains a United States land office. WiNNicuT, r., N. H., a tributary of Piscataqua r., which enters through Great bay. WiNNiPisEOGEE, lake and r., N. H. Situated between Belknap and Carroll counties. It is irregular in its form, 22 ms. long, and from 1 to 10 broad, and forms one of the most beautiful and picturesque sheets of water in the United States. The water is remarkably pure and very deep, fed extensively by springs at its bottom. Steam- boats and small vessels navigate it in the sum- mer season. Its winding shores, projecting points, its multiplied islands, and its fine surrounding mountain scenery, combine to form an assem- blage of beauty and grandeur unsurpassed by the far-famed lakes of Scotland, or any other part of the world. Its outlet, proceeding from Great bay on the s. w., through 2 small lakes, forms Winnipiseogee r., which flows into Pemige- wasset r. to form Merrimac r., having a fall of 232 feet in its short course, affording extensive water power. The lake is 472 feet above the level of the sea. WiNNS, p-o.. Hall CO., Ga., 122 n. Milledge- ville, 631 W. WiNNSBOROUGH, p-v.. Capital of Fairfield disi., S. C., 29 N. N. w. Columbia, 480 W. It is situ- ated between Wateree and Little rivers, and con- tains a court house, jail, market house, 1 male and 1 female academy, 4 churches — 2 Presbyte- rian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 12 s'«res, 100 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. In the vicinity is a literary and theological seminary, under the direction of the Baptists, denominated " The Furnace Institution," for educating young men for the ministry. It has several fine build- ings of brick. WiNNsviLLE, p-o., Fluvanna co., Va., 60 w. n. w. Richmond, 134 VV. WiNSLow, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 20 n. by E. Augusta, 615 VV. The surface is undulating; soil, generally fertile, and well cultivated. Ken- nebec r. bounds it on the w. Watered by Se- basticook r. and its tributaries, one of which flows from a pond near its centre. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 fulling m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- fac. $2,250. 14 sch. 733 scholars. Pop. 1,722. WixsLow, p-v., Gloucester co., N. J., 54 s. Trenton, 164 W. WiNsi.ow, p-v.. Pike co., la., 146 s. s. w. In- dianapolis, 6-J5 W. Winston, county, 31iss. Situated a little .\. E. of the centre of the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. Drained by branches of Pearl and Tombig- bee rivers. Capital, Louisville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,729, sheep 1,224, swine 12,893 ; wheat 8,843 bush, produced, Ind. corn 209,165, oats 8,495, potatoes 22,971, rice 4,005 pounds, to- bacco 2,475, cotton 1,108,607; 3 stores, cap. WIS 736 WIS $25,000 ; 2 tanneries, 9 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,800. 1 acad. 18 students, 1 sch. 29 scholars. Pop. whites 3,061, slaves 1,589 ; total, 4,650. WiNSTO.M, p-c, Weakley co., Tenn., 127 w. Nashville, 813 W. Winter Seat, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 79 w. Columbia, 547 W. WiNTERsviLLE, p-v., Crosg Creek I., Jeffersoii CO., O., 134 Columbus, 269 W. WiNTHUop, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 10 w. Au- gusta, 598 W. The surfoce is undulating ; soil, lertile and well cultivated. It has a large pond or small lake, 10 ms. long, and from 1 to 3 broad, in its E. part, and 2 others, one of which extends N. into Readfield. Drained by Cobbeseconte r., which flows through these ponds and enters Kennebec r. The v. is situated at the s. end of the N. lake, the outlet of which affords water power. It has 5 stores, cap. $12,600; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- paper, 1 grist ra., 3 sawra. Cap. in manufactures $24,101. 5 sch. 691 scholars. Pop. 1,915. WiNTHROP, p-0., Middlesex co., Ct. WiNTON, p-v., capital of Hertford co., N. C, 35 N. w. Edenton, 155 n. e. by e. Raleigh, 227 W. Situated on the s. w. side of Chowan r., 2 ms. below the junction of Nottaway and Meher- rin rivers, which form it. It contains a court hou.se, jail, and 100 inhabitants. WiNYAW, bay, S. C, sets up 14 ms. from the Atlantic at Georgetown entrance, and is 2 ms. broad. It receives Great Pedee, Black, and Wac- camaw rivers, of which it is the estuary. Ves- sels of a large class navigate to Georgetown. WiOTA, p-v., Iowa CO., Wis., 75 n. Madison, 861 W. Wire Town, p-v., Monmouth co., N. J., 51 e. Trenton, 210 W. Wirt, t., Alleghany co., N. Y. Surface high and undulating ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Little Genesee creek. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,200. 1 sch. 36 scholars. Pop. 1,207. Wirt's Seminary, p-o., Sumner co., Tenn., 33 N. E. Nashville, 655 W. The v. contains 50 inhabitants. WiscAssET, p-t., port of entry and one of the capitals of Lincoln co.. Me., 27 s. s. e. Augusta, 538 W. It has a fine harbor at the mouth of Sheepscot r., suflieient for vessels of the largest class, and is not often obstructed by ice. Its nav- igation is extensive, engaged in the foreign and coasting trade, and the fisheries. Ship building is a considerable business. It contains a court house, several churches, a number of store.s, a printing office issuing a weekly newspaper, and many large and handsome dwellings. During the prosperous days of commerce it advanced greatly in wealth, but has not increased so rapid- ly since, though it is still flourishing. It is one of the most important seaports of the state. There are in the t. 5 commercial houses, cap. $103,600 ; 21 stores, cap. $27,800; 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $71,150. 8 sch. 983 scholars. Pop. 2,314. WiscoNisco, t., Dauphin co.. Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000; 1 forge, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,500. 4 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 489. WISCONSIN. Wisconsin is bounded n. by the British possessions ; n. e. by Montreal and Menomonee rivers, and a line connecting their sources, separating it from northern Michigan ; e. by Lake Michigan, separating it from Michigan proper ; s. by Illinois ; and w. by the Mississippi, separating it from Iowa ter. It is between 42° 30' and 49° 30' n. lat., and between 86° 50' and 96° w. long. ; being 600 miles long and 150 broad. It contains about 90,000 square miles, or 57,600,000 acres. It con- tained in 1840, 30,945 inhabitants: of these 18,757 were white males; 11,992 do. females; 101 ■were colored males; 84 do. females. Employed in agriculture, 7,047; in commerce, 479; in manufactures and trades, 1,814; in mining, 794; navigating the ocean, rivers, lakes, &c., 223; learned professions, &c., 259. It is divided into 22 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, were as follows: Brown, 2,107, Green Bay; CaluiMET, 275, Calumet; Crawford, 1,502, Prairie du Chien ; Dane, 314, Madison ; Dodge, 67, Dodge C. H. ; Fond du Lac, 139, Fond du Lac ; Grant, 3,926, Lancaster; Green, 933, Monroe ; Iowa, 3,978, Mineral Point; Jefferson, 914, JeflTerson ; Manitouwoc, 235, Manitouwoc; MARauETTE, 18, Marquette; Milwaukie, 5,605, Milwaukie; Portage, 1,623, Fort Winnebago; Racine, 3,475, Racine; Rock, 1,701, Rockport; St. Croix, 809, St. Croix C. H. ; Sauk, 102, Prairie du Sac; Sheboygan, 133, Sheboygan ; Walworth, 2,611, Elkhorn ; Washington, 343, Washington; Winnebago, 135, Oshkosh. Madison, between the third and fourth of the 4 lakes which discharge their waters into Rock river, in Dane county, is the seat of government. The surveyed part, south of Green Bay, Fox, and Wisconsin rivers, is composed of timbered and prairie lands, with some swamps or wet prairies, having a vegetable soil of from 1 to 10 feet deep. North of the Wisconsin commences a hilly region, swelling as it proceeds north into a mountainous country, with a rugged and broken surface, creating many rapids and falls in the streams, and affording many wild and picturesque views. Near the sources of the Mississippi is an elevated table land, abounding with lakes and swamps, in which fish are abundant and wild rice grows. Bordering on the Mississippi and Wisconsin rivers the soil is rich, and the surface is generally covered with a heavy growth of timber. The white pine is found on the Upper Mississippi. All the productions common in this latitude can be cultivated with success, and the great range of pas- turage on the prairies, renders the country peculiarly favorable for raising cattle. In 1840 there were in this territory 5,735 horses and mules ; 30,269 neat cattle ; 3,462 sheep ; 51,383 swine; value of poultry produced $16,167. There were produced 212,116 bushels of wheat; . WOB 737 WOL 11,062 of barley; 406,514 of oats ; 1,965 of rye ; 10,654 of buckwheat; 379,359 of Indian com; 419,608 of potatoes; 6,777 pounds of wool; 1,474 do. of wax; 135,288 do. of sugar. The pro- ducts of the dairy were valued at $35,677. The southwestern part of Wisconsin is exceedingly rich as a mineral region, which extends into Illinois and Iowa. Lead ore, yielding 75 per cent, of metal, is abundant ; and copper ore is also extensively found. The former has long been, and the latter is beginning to be wrought. Iron ore also exists. The principal rivers are the Mississippi, washing its western border ; the Wisconsin, 500 miles long, a large tributary of the Mississippi; Chippeway river, which enters the Mississippi further n. w., and is a large river ; Kock river, which rises and runs partly in this state ; Neenah or Fox river, which passes so near the Wisconsin that in time of high water the cotuitry between them is often overflowed, and can be passed in boats, passes through Lake Winnebago, and enters Green bay : though obstructed by rapids, boats pass up it 180 miles. There are many lakes and ponds in tliis state, particularly in its northern parts. The 4 lakes near Madison, are pleasant sheets of water. Winnebago lake is 24 miles long and 10 broati, and has an outlet to Green bay. Green bay is a branch of Lake Michigan, and is partly in this terri- tory ; and Lake Michigan boimds it on the E. The most important place in this state is Milwaukie, on Lake Michigan. It is extensively visited by steamboats, and is an important commercial centre. It is the only good harbor between Chi- cago and Grefen bay. Green Bay is near the mouth of Neenah or Fox river, at the head of Green bay, and has a good harbor and an extensive trade. Racine and Sheboygan on Lake Michigan, and Prairie du Chien on the Mississippi, just above the mouth of the Wisconsin, are considerable places. There w^ere in this territory in 1810, 1 commercial and 7 commission houses engaged in for<;ign trade, with a capital of $63,000 ; 178 retail drygoods and other stores, with a cap. of §661,550 ; 133 persons employed in the lumber trade, w-ith a cap. of $21,180 ; 62 persons engaged in internal transportation, who, with 3 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $14,100. The amount of home-made or family manufactures was $12,567. There were 1 furnace, cap. $4,000 ; 49 smelting houses produced 15,129,350 pounds of lead, employing 220 persons, with a cap. of $664,600 ; 3 distilleries and 3 breweries employed a cap. of $14,400 ; 4 flouring m., 29 grist m., 124 saw m., cap. $561,650; 7 brick, 509 wooden houses were built, and cost $212,085; 6 printing offices and 6 weekly newspapers employed a capital of $10,300. Total capital in manufactures $635,926. No college has been established in this territory. There were in 1840, 2 academies, with 65 students ; and 77 common and primary schools, with 1,937 scholars. In Jan., 1840, this territory had 1 bank, with a capital of §100,000, and a circulation of $109,185. The government was organized in 1836. The governor is appointed by the president of the United States, with the advice and consent of the senate, and is ex-officio superintendent of In- dian affairs. The legislative assembly consists of a council of 13 members, elected for 4 years ; and a house of representatives of 26 members, elected for 2 years. Their pay is 3 dollars a day, and 3 dollars for every 20 miles travel. The Congress of the United States have appropriated $20,000 for the erection of public buildings, and $5,000 for a library. This territory has a few works of internal improvement. The United States commenced, in 1838, the Portage canal, H miles long, to connect the Wisconsin and Fox rivers, which completes a steamboat navigation from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi. The Milwaukie and Rock River canal, 60 miles in length, to connect Rock river with Lake 31icliigan, is in progress. Wiseman's, p-o., Boone co.. Mo. WisENBURG, p-v., Lehigh co., Pa. WiTCHERS Cross Roads, p-o.. Smith CO., Tenn., 64 e. Nashville, 650 W. WiTiiAMsviLLE, p-v.. Union t., Clermont co., O., 128 s. w. Columbus, 499 W. Situated 3 ms. N of Ohio r., and contains 2 stores, 1 steam flour- ing m., and about 250 inhabitants. Wittenberg's, p-o., Caldwell co., N. C, 179 w. Raleigh, 416 W. Witten's, p-o., Jackson t., Monroe co., O., grcgational, 2 Baptist, and 1 Universalist — an academy, several stores and mechanic shops, and about 75 dwellings. Horn pond, in the vicinity, is a beautiful sheet of water, containing a small but picturesque island. There are in the t. 12 stores, cap. §29,3U0 ; 14 forges, 7 tanneries, 1 bindery, 2 grist m., 26 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $197,418. 1 acad. 1 10 students, 9 sch. 120 schol- ars. Pop. 2,993. WoLCOTT, p-t., Lamoille co., Vt., 23 .\. Mont- pelier, 539 W. Watered by Lamoille r. and its 136 E. Columbus, 269 W. branches, which aflord water power. Chartered Woburn, p-t., Middlesex co., M«bs., 10 n. w. in 1780. The soil is adapted to grazing and to by w. Boston, 450 W. Drained by Mystic r., i grain, and is moderately fertile. It has 1 store. into which Horn pond, a~ considerable body of water in its centre, flows. There are 2 other ponds, all well stored with fish. Incorporated in 1642. The Middlesex canal and the Boston and Lowell railroad pass through it. The v., situ- ated near the canal, contains 4 churches — 1 Con- 93 cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,400. 11 sch. 299 scholars. Pop. 910. Wolcott, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct, 54 s. Hartford, 320 W. Drained by Mad r., a branch of Naugatuck r. The surface is hil'y, mountain- woo 738 WOO ous, ahd rough; soil, gravelly loam. A hill in the N. E. part presents an extensive prospect, reaching to Long Island sound. It contains a Congregational and an Episcopal church. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,100; I fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §11,390. 6 sch. 127 scholars. Pop. 633. WoLCOTT, p-t., Wayne co., N. V., 180 w. by N. Albany, 360 W. I'he surface is level ; soil, sandy and gravelly loam. Drained by small streams flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the n. The v. is situated on Ridge road, and contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Me- thodist, and 1 Universalist — 8 stores, I grist m., 2 saw m., 100 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $46,000 ; 1 full- ing m., 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,300. 2 acad. 97 stu- dents, 13 sch. 750 scholars. Pop. 2,481. WoLcoTTSvtLLE, p-v., Torrington t., Litch- field CO., Ct., 26 vv. Hartford, 333 W. Situated at the junction of 2 branches of Naugatuck or Wa- terbury r. It contains a Congregational church, an academy, in which religious worship is held, 4 stores, 1 woollen fac, and about 40 dwellings. WoLFSBOROuGH, p-t., CarroU co., N. H., 39 N. N. w. Concord, 520 W. The surface is level ; soil, rocky, but fertile. Drained by Smith's river flowing into Winnipiseogee lake, which bounds it on the s. w. Smith's pond lies in its s. part. It has 7 stores, cap. $18,800; 2 full- ing m., 1 woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 3 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,975. 1 acad.' 95 students, 15 sch. 736 scholars. Pop. 1,918. Wolf Creek, t., Mercer co., Pa., 10 s. e. Mercer b. The surface is level ; soil, clay and loam. Drained by Wolf cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,300 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 4 saw m., 11 sch. 442 scholars. Pop. 1,732. Wolf Creek, p-o., Pickens dist., S. C, 159 w. N. w. Columbia, 524 W. Wolf Creek, p-o., Morgan co., O., 66 e. Co- lumbus, 337 W. Wolf Creek, p-o., Lenawee co., Mich., 67 s. w. Detroit, 513 W. Wolf Grove, p-o., McDonough co., 111., 93 n. w. Springfield, 848 W. Wolf Island, t., Scott co.. Mo. Pop. 534. Wolf Lake, p-o., Noble co., la., 160 n. In- dianapolis, 673 W. Wolf River, p-o., Fayette co., Tenn., 186 w. s. w. Nashville, 871 W. Wolf Run, p-o., Lycoming co., Pa. Wolfsville, p-o., Frederick co., Md., 93 n. w. Annapolis, 61 W. Wolfsville, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 178 w. s. w. Raleigh, 417 W. Wolverton, p-v., McMinn co., Tenn., 185 e. s. E. Nashville, 562 W. Womack's, p-o., Wilcox co., Ala., 116 s. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 891 W. WoMELSDORF, p-b., Berks co.. Pa., 14 w. Reading, 38 e. Hamsbtirg, 151 W. It contains a church, common to Presbyterians and Luther- ans ; 5 stores, cap. $28,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 distil- lery, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,443. Pop. 849. It is inhabited Chiefly by Germans, and the country around is fertile and well cultivated. WoNAsauATocKET, r.. Providence co., R. I., is a valuable mill stream, which flows into Pro- vidence cove, and aflTords water power for many manufacturing establishments. Wood, cr., Oneida co., N. Y., rises in Rome, and flows into the e. end of Oneida lake. It is a deep and sluggish stream, formerly used, by a short portage, to connect the Mohawk river with Lake Ontario. It is now used as a part of Oneida Lake canal, and, in connection with Oneida lake and river, connects the Erie canal, in Oneida co., with the Oswego canal. Wood, cr., "Washington co,, N. Y., flows N. into the s. end of Lake Champlain, and affords water power. Through a considerable portion of its length it is used as a part of the Champlain canal. Wood, county, Va. Situated in the N. w. part of the state, and contains 1,223 square miles. Ohio r. bounds it on the n. w. Drained by Lit- tle Kanawha river and its numerous branches. The surface is very much broken ; soil, fertile. Capital, Parkersburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,601, sheep 13,885, swine 12,462 ; wheat 71,339 bushels produced, Ind. corn 203,637, buck- wheat 1,178, oats 85,199, potatoes 21,491, tobacco 87,091 pounds, sugar 5,844; 25 stores, cap. $99,290 ; 4 tanneries, 4 flouring m., 10 grist m., 21 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in maiuifac. $17,250. 4 acad. 319 students, 13 sch. 307 scholars. Pop. whites, 7,243, slaves 624, free colored 56 ; total, 7,923. Wood, county, O. Situated toward the N. w. part of the state, and contains 590 square miles. Bo\inded on the n. vv. by Maumee r., up which vessels requiring 6 feet of water pass to Perrys- biirg, 12 miles from its entrance into Maumee bay, and 18 miles from Lake Erie. Drained by Portage r. and its branches. The surface is nearly level, having a gentle descent toward the lake ; soil, alluvial and very fertile. It contains a large portion of the " Black Swamp," now un- healthy, but capable of being drained and made very productive. Capital, Perrysburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,497, sheep 2,790, swine 10,624; wheat 29,004 bushels produced, rye 1,522, Indian corn 112,508, buckwheat 4,150, oats 39,469, potatoes 54,250, tobacco 2,049 lbs., sugar 42,175; 12 stores, cap. $25,920; 1 tannery, 4 flouring m., 1 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. iii manufac. $34,478. 27 sch. 717 scholars. Pop. 5,357. Woodwardville, p-v., Marengo co, Ala., 104 s. by w. Tuscaloosa, 916 W. Woodbine, p-o., Carroll co., Md., 60 n. n. w. Annapolis, 65 W. Woodbourne, p-v., Fallsburg t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 103 s. w. Albany, 308 W. It contains 1 Dutch Reformed church, I store, 1 tannery, and about 10 dwellings. Woodbourne, p-v., Knox co., Tenn., 202 e. Na.shville, 480 W. Woodbridge, t.. New Haven co., Ct., 6 n. w. New Haven. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel- ly loam, adapted to grazing. On the e. side is a range of mountains, which may be regarded as the commencement of the Green Mountain range, terminating at West Rock, a bold precipice, near N. Haven. Drained by West r. Two of the regi- cide judges of Charles I., GofTe and Wlialley, resided here in concealment, in the year 1661, at a place which they named Hatchet Harbor, so called to the present time. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,200 ; 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $9,200. 5 sch. 266 scholars. Pop. 958. Woodbridge, p-t., Middlesex co., N. J., 43 n. E. Trenton, 209 W. The surface is level ; soil, red shale, and well cultivated. Drained by Railway r. Chartered about 1680. It contains a part of Railway v. The v. of Woodbury, 3 ms. s. Rahway, contains 1 church, 3 stores, and about 30 dwellings. The t. contained 120 fami- lies in 1682. It has 22 stores, cap. $49,900; 2 lumber yards, cap. $9,000 ; 1 cotton m., 1 acad 43 students, 16 sch. 491 scholars. Pop. 4,821. woo 739 WOO WooDBRiDGE, t., Hillsdale co., Mich. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,000. 1 sch. 21 scholars. Pop. 226. WooDBURN, p-v., Macoupin co., 111., 12 n. by E. Alton, 63 s. by w. Springfield, 803 W. Woodbury, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 50 w. Hart- ford, 398 W. The surface is mostly uneven ; soil, warm and fertile. Drained by Pomperaug r. and its branches. It contains 4 churches — 2 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist. The V. is pleasantly situated in a valley, chiefly on one extended street, near the junction of Non- newog, Wecopema, and Sprane branches, which form Pomperaug r., and afford water power. It contains 3 churches, several stores, and about 80 dwellings, some of them neat and tasteful. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $76,000 ; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m Cap. in manufac. $23,650. 12 sch. 327 scholars Pop. 1,948. Woodbury, v.. Oyster Bay t.. Queens co., N, Y. It is a scattered settlement on the Jerico turnpike, surrounded by a well cultivated country. Woodbury, p-v., capital of Gloucester co., N. J., 37 s. s. w. iVenton, 148 W. Situated at tlie head of navigation, on Woodbury cr., a branch of Delaware r. It contains a .spacious court house, and fire-proof county ofllces, all of brick, a jail of stone, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Friends — an academy, 2 public libraries, 10 stores, over 100 dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. The corporate limits are 1 m. long and half a m. wide, within which a fire en- gine is maintained, and 8 public wells have been sunk for its use. Woodbury, t., Huntingdon co., Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $9,000; 1 fuUing m., 3 furnaces, 2 forges, 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 pottery, 1 flour- ing m., 5 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $27,560. 5 sch. 146 scholars. Pop. 2,102. Woodbury, p-t., Bedford co., Pa., 113 w. Har- risburg, ] 39 W. The surface consists of moun- tains and valleys ; soil, calcareous loam, slate, and gravel. Drained by Yellow cr. and its branches, and the Frankstown branch of Juniata r. Iron ore is found. It has 11 stores, capital $36,000; 4 furnaces, 1 tannery, 4 potteries, 8 flouring m., 11 saw m. Cap. m manufac. $41,840. I acad. 33 students, 8 sch. 247 scholars. Pop. 3,944. Woodbury, p-v., Wood co., O., 105 n. n. w. Columbus, 461 W. Woodbury, p-v., Madison co., la., 22 n. e. In- dianapoUs, 567 W. Woodbury, p-v.. Coles co.. 111., 104 e. s. e. Springfield, 696 W. Situated on the national road, and contains 8 or 10 dwellings. Woodbitry, p-v., capital of Cannon co., Tenn., 54 Nashville, 645 W. Situated on a branch of Stone's cr., which Hows into Cumberland r. It contains a court house, jail, and about 150 in- habitants. Woodbury, p-o., Pulaski co.. Mo., 125 s. Jef- ferson City, 1,040. Woodcock, p-t., Crawford co.. Pa., 213 n. w. Harrisburg, 315 W. Drained by Woodcock cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tan- neries, 2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 1 paper fac, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $35,990. Pop. 1,921. Woodcock V.vlley, p-o., Hopewell t., Hun- tingdon CO., Pa., 93 w. Harrisburg, 157 W. The valley is between Allegripus mt. e. and Tussey's mt. w. Woodford, county, Ky. Situated n. e. of the centre of the state, and contains 154 i^q. ms. Bounded w. by Kentucky r., by branches of which it is drained. The soil is very lertile. Capital, Versailles. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,633, sheep 16,223, swine 21,852 ; wheat 93,591 bush, produced, rye 35,681, Indian corn 643,735, oats 109,502, potatoes 15,845, tobacco 13,860 pounds, sugar 1,410 ; 3 commission houses, cap. ,$2,700; 27 stores, cap. $106,700; 1 cotton fac. 250 sp., 3 tanneries, 12 distilleries, 20 flour- ing m., 29 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $179,187. 4 acad. 104 students, 4 sch. 94 scho- lars. Pop. whites 5,816, slaves 5,752, free col'd 172; total, 11,740. Woodford, county. 111. Situated n. of the centre of the state, and contains 470 sq. ms. Drained by Mackinaw r., a branch of Illinois r. Capital, Woodford. Woodford, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., 121 s. Montpelier, 411 W. Situated on the Green mountain range, with an elevated and broken surface ; mucli of the soil is incapable of cultiva- tion. W^atercd by head branches of Walloom- sack and Deerfield rivers, issuing from ponds in the t., one of wliich contains 100 acres. Tho turnpike across the Green mountain, from Ben- nington to Bratlleboro, passes through the s. part of the t. It has 1 congregation of Congregation- alists and 1 of 3Iethodists. It has 4 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $1,000. 2 sch. 46 scholars. Pop. 487. Woodford, p-v., Woodford co., 111., 81 Spring- field, 774 W. Situated on the n. side of Macki- naw r., and contains a court house, jail, and a few dwellings. Wood Grove, p-o.. Rowan co., N. C, 128 w. Raleigh, 365 W. Wood Grove, p-o., Morgan co., O., 84 E. Co- lumbus, 319 W. Wood House, p-o., Meriwether co., Ga., 94 w. Milledgeville, 714 W. WooDHUT.L, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 239 w. by s. Albany, 295 W. The surliice is uneven ; soil, clay and sandy loam, not very fertile. Drained by Tuscarora cr. It has 19 stores, cap $47,150; 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,650. 9 sch. 305 scholars. Pop. 827. WooDnuLL, t., Shiawassee co., Mich. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,100. 1 sch. 17 scholars. Pop. 147. Woodland, p-v., Hamilton co., Flor. WooDLA.N'D, p-v.. East Feliciana par., La., 122 N. w. New Orleans, 1,140 W. Woodlands, p-o., Marshall co., Va., 3^10 n. w. Riclimond, 278 W. WooDLAWN, p-o., Accomack co., Va., 193 e. Richmond, 192 W. WooDLAWN, p-v., Lincoln co., N. C, 173 w. by s. Raleigh, 412 W. WooDLAWN, p-v., Edgefield dist., S. C, 93 w. Columbia, 580 W. WooDLAWx, p-o., Dallas co., Ala., 84 s. Tus- caloosa, 831 W. Woodruff's, ])-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 96 N. w. Columbia, 491 W. WooDSBORouGii, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 85 N. w. Annapolis, 54 W. It contains about 100 inhabitants. WooDSBORo', p-o., Shelby co., Ala., 64 e. Tus- caloosa, 783 W W'ooDs Dale, p-o., Person co., N. C, 62 n. Raleigh, 242 W. Wood's Ferry, p-o., Greene co., Tenn., 247 e. Nashville, 450 W. Wood.sfield, p-v.. Centre t., capital of Mon- roe CO., O., 117 E. Columbus, 283 W. Situated on elevated ground, 18 ms. from Ohio r. It con- tains an elegant court house, jail, 1 church, 3 stores, a printing office, 50 dwellings, and about woo 740 WOO 300 inhabitants. A circular hill in its n. part 60 feet high, affords an extensive prospect. Wood's Hill, p-o., Roane co., Term., 102 e. by s. Nashville, 519 W. Wood's Hole, p-v., Falmouth t, Barnstable CO., Mass., 79 s. Boston, 461 W. Situated in the extreme s. w. part of the t. It has a good harbor, and ships of the largest class come to its wharves. It is protected by islands on the s. and w. It contains an Episcopal church. WooDso.wiLLE, p-v., Hart co., Ky. Situated on the s. side of Green r., opposite to Mumfords- ville, the capital of the co. Wood's Station, p-o., Walker co., Ga., 214 N. w. Milledgeville, 623 W. Woodstock, p-t., Oxford co., Me., 49 w. Au- gusta, 603 W. l"he surface is partly mountain- ous, and partly undulating, with considerable fertile .soil, adapted to grain. Drained by a branch of Little Androscoggin r., issuing from a pond a little E. of the centre, which affords wa- ter power. Incorporated in 1829. It has 3 stores, cap. $900; 10 sch. 346 scholars. Pop. 819. Woodstock, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 57 n. Concord, 532 W. The surface is mountainous, containing Blue mt., Cushnian's mt., and Black mt., the latter on its n. boundary. Drained by a tributary of Pemigcwasset r. First settled about 1773. It was formerly called Peeling. It has 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in raanufac. $3,230. 6 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 472. Woodstock, p-t., capital of Windsor co., Vt., 51 s. Montpelier, 485 W. The surface is pleas- antly diversified ; soil, fertile. Drained by Otta Queechee r. and its branches, and by Beaver brook, all of which afford water power. It con- tains 2 villages. The N. or main v. is one of the largest in the co., built around a beautiful public green. It contains a court house, jail, 5 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 Christian, and 1 Universalist — the Vermont med- ical college, 20 stores, 2 printing offices, 325 dwellings, and 1,400 inhabitants. The s. village is 5 ms. s. of the court house, and contains 1 church, 2 stores, and a number of mechanic shops. There are in the t. 12 stores, cap. $5y,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 3 grist m.,5sawm. Cap. in manufac. $127,505. 1 acad. 25 students, 16 sch. 1,012 scholars. Pop. 3,315. Woodstock, p-i., Windham co., Ct., 43 e. n. E. Hartford, 379 W. The surface is hilly, but feneraljy arable ; soil, a fertile gravelly loam, (rained by Muddy brook and its branches, a branch of Quinnebaug r., and by a branch of Natchaug r. The first affords good water power. It contains 6 churches — 3 Congregational, 2 Bap- tist, and 1 Methodist. It contains Old Wood- stock, and 2 other villages. Old Woodstock con- tains a Congregational church, an academy, and a number of dwellings on a fine public green. The ground is elevated and the prospect exten- sive. West Woodstock contains a Congregation- al church. North Woodstock, or jMuddy Brook, in the n. vv. part, on a stream of that name, is the most compact part of the t., and contains 2 .^Congregational churches, and 1 Methodist in the vicinity, and presents a handsome appearance. There are in the t. 16 stores, cap. $33,000; 2 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 3,292 sp., 3 acad. 95 students, 20 sch. 909 scholars. Pop. 3,053. Woodstock, p-t., Ulster co., N. Y., 69 s. Al- bany. 328 W. The surface is mountainous, lying on Catskill mountains ; soil, gravel, clay, and loam. Drained by Saghkill and other creeks, tributaries of Esopus cr. The v. contains 2 churches, 2 stores, 1 tannery, and 20 dwellings. Bristol Glass Works is a manufacturing v. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 glass house, 1 glass cutting establishment, 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in nianufac. $35,295. 7 sch. 372 scholars. Pop. 1,691. Woodstock, p-v., Anne Arundel co., Md., 50 N. w. Annapolis, 55 W. Woodstock, p-v., capital of Shenandoah co., Va., 150 N. N. w. Richmond, 104 W. Situated on the w. side of the n. fork of Shenandoah r., about 1 m. from its bank. It contains a court house, jail, county offices, a masonic hall, an academy, 3 churches — 1 Lutheran, 1 German Reformed, 1 Methodist — a number of stores, 125 dwellmgs, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Woodstock, p-v., Cherokee co., Ga., 125 n. N. w. Milledgeville, 683 W. Situated on the s. side of Little r., a branch of Etowah r. Woodstock, p-v.. Rush t.. Champaign co., O., 13 N. E. Urbanna, 37 n. w. Columbus, 43*^ W. It contains 1 store, and 8 or 10 dwellings. Woodstock, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich., 73 w. s. w. Detroit, 533 W. Drained by head branch- es of Raisin r. It has a number of ponds, and a considerable lake on its s. border. It has 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,750. 3 sch. 80 schol- ars. Pop. 674. Woodstown, p-v., Pilesgrove t., Salem co., N. J., 53 s. Trenton," 164 W. Situated on the n. fork of Salem cr., and contains 3 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Friends, and 1 African Methodist — 6 stores, 150 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. In the neighborhood are valuable marl beds. WooDSViLLE, p-v., Middlesex co., Mass. WooDsviLLE, p-v., Hopewell t., Mercer co., N. J., 10 s.Flemington, 13 n. Trenton, 179 W. It has an elevated situation, commanding a fine prospect, and contains 1 store, and 8 or 10 dwell- ings. The surrounding country is well cultivated. WooDviLLE, p-v., Litchfield co., Ct., 39 w. Hartford, 320 W. WooDviLLE, p-v., Elli.sburg t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 171 N. w. Albany, 399 W. It contains 1 Pre.sbyterian church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. WooDviLLE, p-v., Rappahannock co., Va., 118 N. w. Richmond, 85 W. WooDviLLE, p-v., Perquiman's co., N. C, 205 E. N. E. Raleigh, 293 W. It contains about 75 inhabitants. WooDviLLE, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 93 w. Columbia, 525 W. WooDviLLE, p-v., Greene co., Ga., 55 n. Mil- ledgeville, 604 W. WooDviLLE, p-v., Jackson co., Ala., 163 n. e. Tuscaloosa, 688 W. WooDviLLE, p-t., Sandusky co., O., 120 n. s. w. Columbus, 433 W. Situated on the s. side of Portage r. It has 7 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. 486. WooDviLLE, p-v., Jackson co., la., 74 s. In- dianapolis, 601 W. WooDviLLE, p-v., Hancock co., 111., 106 vv. N. w. Springfield, 884 W. WooDviLLE, p-v., capital of Wilkinson co., Miss., 135 s. w. Jackson, 1,145 W. It contains a court house, jail, market house, a bank, 2 academies, 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — and about 800 inhabitants. A railroad 29 ms. long connects it with St. Fran- cisville, on the Mississippi r. WooDViLLE, p-v., Macon co.. Mo., 96 n. by w. Jefferson City, 979 W. WooDw.\RDsviLLE, p-o., Schroon t., Essex co., N. Y., 101 N. Albany, 476 W. WooDW.\R»sviLLE, p-0., Marcngo co., Ala., 104 s. by w. Tuscaloosa, 916 W WOR 741 WOR WooDWORTHs, p-0., Granville co., N.C., 61 n. Raleigh, 236 W. Woolwich, p-t., Lincoln co., Me., 35 s. Au- gusta, 580 W. Bounded w. by Kennebec r., which affords gfreat facilities for navigation. It has 2 small streams, and a pond near its centre, which has its outlet into Kennebec r. It has 2 stores, cap. $850; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 4 saw m. Pop. 1.416. Woolwich, t., Gloucester co., N. J., 11 s. w. Woodbury. Bounded n. w. by Delaware r. The surface is level ; soil, sandy, with pine forest on the s. e. Drained by Pepaups, Little Timber, Racoon, and Oldman's creeks. It contains the villages of Swedesboro' and Battentown. It has 9 stores, cap. $28,400 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $3,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,500. 12 sell. 943 scholars. Pop. 3,676. WooNsocKET Falls, p-v., Smithfield t.. Pro- vidence CO., R. I., 15 N. N. w. Providence, 414 W. Situated on the falls of Blackstone r., where it descends 20 feet, within a short distance, over a precipice of rocks, affording a great water power. The v. lies partly in Cumberland t., which is on the opposite side of the r., where is a Baptist church. There is an Episcopal church on the s. side of the r. The v. contains 16 cot- ton and 2 satinet fac. with 1,268 looms, 50,826 Bp., employing 1,162 hands, producing 9,739,717 yds. of cloth annually; of which 5,645,000 were cotton prints, 3,117,000 cotton sheeting, 156,000 satinet, 364,000 jean, 62,400 negro cloth, 584,000 flannel. It contains a bank, and about 2,500 in- habitants. The Blackstone canal passes through the v. WoosTER, p-t., capital of Wayne co., O., 51 s. by w. Cleveland, 93 n. e. by n. Columbus, 344 W. The v. is situated in the forks of Killhuck and Apple creeks, a little above their junction, and contains a court house, jail, county offices, a bank, a U. States land office, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Covenanters, 1 Baptist, 1 Dutch Reformed, and 1 Methodist — 25 stores, 3 printing offices, 1 arad. 25 students, 2 sch. 64 scholars, 1.50 dwellings, and 1,913 inhabitants. There are in the t. 29 stores, cap. $68,200 ; 7 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly news- papers, 8 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 1 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $21,705. Pop. 1,207. Worcester, county, Mass. Situated in the central part of the slate, and contains 1,.500 sq. ms., being the largest co. in the stale. The sur- face is undulating; soil, generally strong and productive Watered by Blackstone, Quinne- baug, Nashua, Ware, 3Iiller's, and Mill rivers, which afford extensive water power. The Black- stone canal extends through its s. part from Wor- cester to Providence ; and the railroad from Boston, through Springfield to Albany, runs through it from E. to w., and at Worcester is met by the Norwich and Worcester railroad. Capital, Worcester. There were in 1840, neat cattle 67,666, sheep 26,128, swine 26,272 ; wheat 45,759 bush, produced, rye 84,914, Ind. corn 372,591, buckwheat 13,871, barley 54,254, oats 375,471, potatoes 1,146,092, tobacco 15,t)00 pounds ; 299 stores, cap. $1,049,045 ; 4 furnaces, 1 forge, 74 fulling m., 42 woollen fac, 71 cotton fac. 137,358 sp., 58 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 2 powder m., 6 flouring m., 144 grist m., 320 savv m., 15 paper fac, 10 printing oflices, 1 periodical, 6 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- fac. $4,061,344. 23 acad. 1,242 students, 549 sch. 24,496 scholars. Pop. 95,313. Worcester, county, Md. Situated in the s. E. part of the state, and contains 700 sq. ms. The surface is level ; soil, sandy. Bounded s. E. by the Atlantic, and on the w. by Chesapeake bay. Drained by Pocomoke r. and its branches. Several islands extend along its coast, and en- close Sinepuxent bay. Capital, Snow Hill. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,765, sheep 14,924, swine 19,900 ; wheat 20,679 bush, pro- duced, Ind. corn 487,142, oats 161,752, potatoes 35,441 ; 45 stores, cap. $257,600 ; 5 tanneries, 24 grist m., 15 savv m. (^ap. in manufac. $51,650. 4 acad. 212 students, 24 sch. 600 scholars. Pop. wliites 11.765, slaves, 3,539, free col'd 3,173; total, 18,377. Worcester, p-t., Washington co., Vt., 31 e. Burlington, 8 n. Montpelier, 524 W. The sur- foce is uneven, and in the w. mountainous ; soil, adapted to grazing, and fertile along the streams. Watered by tlie n. branch of Onion or Winooski r., which affords water power. It contains a Congregational church, and Freewill Baptists and Methodists. Chartered in 1763, first settled in 1797. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,600. 7 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 587. Worcester, p-t., capital of Worcester co., Mass., 39 N. N. \v* Providence, 42 w. by s. Bo.s- lon, 524 W. Pop. 1830, 4,172 ; 1840, 7,497. The surface of the tovvTi is agreeably diversified, and the soil is generally fertile and well cultivated. The village is one of the largest and finest of the inland towns of New England. The houses, many of which are elegant, and of brick, are chiefly on 1 broad street, a mile in length. It con- tains a fine court house, which cost $20,000, 4 banks, 7 churches — 3 Congregational, 1 Unita- rian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Ca- tholic — and the hall of the American Anti- quarian Society, containing its library of 6,000 volumes of rare and valuable books, and its re- spectable cabinet, and the Massachuseiis Lunatic Asylum, with its spacious and coiiiiiindioas edi- fice. Worcester enjoys great facilities for com- munication and for trade. Tlie Blackstone canal connects it with Providence, and cost ,$.500,000. The railroad from Boston to Springfield and Al- bany passes through the place ; and a railroad to Norwich, Connecticut, is connected with steam- boats, forming a daily communication with New York city, which renders Worcester one of the greatest tlioroughfares in the country, and can- not but add to its growth and prosperity. It is surrounded by a fertile and well cultivated coun- try. It had in 1840, 90 stores, capital $413,000; machinery produced to the value of .$90,000; 1 furnace, 1 woollen fac. capital $40,000 ; 1 cotton fac. 1,672 sp., 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 4 weekly newspapers, 1 periodi- cal. Capital in manufac. .$400,000. 3 acad. 120 students, 30 sch. 1,488 scholars. Worcester, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 57 s. w. Albany, 371 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Charlotte r. and its tributa- ries. The v. contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 2 grist m., 1 tannery, 30 dwellings, and about 200 in- habitants. Tliere are in the t. 6 stores, capital $16,700; 2 fniling m., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,290. 10 sch. 590 scholars. Pop. 2,390. Worcester, p-t., Montgomery co.. Pa., 89 E. Harrisburg, 162 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $1,300. Pop. 1,200. Worcester, p-v., 31cDonough co., 111., 98 n. w. Springfield, 871 W. WoRMLEY, p-o., Eaton t., Steuben co., N. Y., 223 w. by s. Albany, 297 W. WoRTHiNGTON, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 17 w. N. w. Northampton, 112 w. Boston, 395 W. The surface is elevated and uneven, being on the WUR 742 WYS Green mountain range ; soil, strong and produc- tive. Drained by Westfield r. and its branches. It has a Congregational church near the centre, and a Methodist in the s. E. part. Incorporated in 1763. It has 7 stores, cap. $9,900 ; 1 fulling rn., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 7 saw ra. Capital in manufac. $19,9,50. 1 acad. 155 students, 11 sch. 429 scholars. Pop. 1,197. Worth iNGTON, p-v., Armstrong eo., Pa., 189 W. Ilarrisburg, 243 W. WoRTHiNGTON, p-v., Sharon t., Franklin cc, O., 9 N. Columbus, 402 W. Situated on the e. bank of Olentangy or Whetstone r., a branch of Scioto r. The v. plat contains 210 acres. It has 10 streets running n. and s. parallel to each other, and to the r., cros.sed by 7 streets at righi angles with them. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyte- rian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — a Universal- ist congregation, an academy, and a college, the medical department of which only is in opera- tion, with 4 professors. It is conducted on " the reformed .system." It has 5 stores, 1 college 25 students, 1 acad. 50 students, 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 440. WoRTHiNGTON, t., Richlandco., O. It has 577 scholars in schools. Pop. 1,842. WoRTHiNGTON, p-v., JVIuhlenburg cc, Ky., 172 s. w. by w. Frankibrt, 7 14 W. Wrkntham, p-t., Norfolk co., Mass., 32 s. s. w. Boston, 418 W. The surface is diversified ; soil, moderately good. Drained by branches of Charles, Taunton, and Neponset rs., which aflford water power. Two ponds, near the centre, have their outlet N. into Charles river. The v. in the n. w. part contains 2 Congregational churches. In South Wrentham is a Congregational church, an acade- my, a bank, and about 45 dwellings. Incorpora- ted in 1763. There are in the t. 6 stores, capital $10,500 ; 4 cotton fac. 3,500 sp., 3 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $46,825. 1 acad. 150 stu- dents, 18 sch. 767 scholars. Pop. 2,915. Wright, county. Mo. Situated toward the S. w. part of the state, and contains 1,730 sq. ms. Drained by head branches of Gasconade river, a tributary of Missouri r. Capital, Hartville. Wrightsborough, p-v., Columbia co., Ga., 95 E. N. E. Milledgeville, 613 W. Situated on a branch of Little r., which flows into Savannah r., and contains a church, an academy, and 30 dwell- ings. Wrightsborough, p-o., St. Lawrence cc, N. Y., 233 N. w. Albany, 500 W. Wright's Corners, p-o., Newfane t, Niagara CO., N. Y., 279 w. Albany, 406 W. Wright's Cross Roads, p-o., Fentress co., Tenn. Wrightstown, p-t., Bucks co., Pa., 7 s. e. Doylestown, 24 n. Philadelphia. The surface is level ; soil, clay. Bounded s. by Neshaminy cr., by tributaries of which it is drained. Near the s. e. boundary is a v., which contains a church, with 5 or 6 dwellings. It contains also Penn's v. It has 3 stores, cap. $13,000 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Capital in manufac. $3,350. 4 sch. 118 scholars. Pop. 708. Wrightstown, p-v., Hanover t., Burlington CO., N. J., 23 s. Trenton, 171 W. It contains about 50 inhabitants. Wrightsvii.le, p-b., York co.. Pa., 11 n. w. York, 31 Harrisburg, 101 W. Situated on the w. side of Susquehanna river, opposite Columbia b., with which it is connected by a bridge 5,690 feet long. It contains about 80 dwellings. Pop. 672. Wrightsville, p-v., Roane co.,Tenn., 154 E. by s. Nashville, 539 W. Wurtsborough, p-v., Mamakating t., Sullivan «o., N. Y., 97 s. w. Albany, 287 W. Situated on the Delaware and Hudson canal. It contains 1 Dutch Reformed and 1 Methodist church, 6 stores, 3 storehouses, 1 tannery, 1 plaster m., 1 boat-yard, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 1 mile N. is a valuable lead mine, supposed to be inex- haustible. Wyalusing, creek. Pa., rises in Susquehanna CO., and flows into Susquehanna r., in Bradford county. Wyalusing, p-t., Bradford cc. Pa., 149 n. Har- risburg, 259 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, grav- elly loam. Drained by Wyalusing creek and its tributaries, flowing into Susquehanna r. It has 7 stores, capital .$23,200 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $19,550. 6 sch. 318 scholars. Pop. 1,400. Wyandot, county, Mich. Situated in the N. part of the peninsula, and contains 476 sq. miles. It has 3 considerable lakes, which receive Che- boygan and Skooawargurmish rs., and other con- siderable streams, and discharge their waters into the straits of Mackinaw, opposite to Bois Blanc island. Wyandot, p-o., Marion co., O., 61 n. Colum- bus, 416 W. Wyatt, p-v., Lafayette cc. Miss., 174 n. n. e. Jackson, 912 W. Situated on the n. side of Tai- lahatchee r., and contains about 200 inhabitants. Wye Mills, p-o., Talbot co., Md., 31 e. by s Annapolis, 71 W. Situated on Wye r. Wykertown, p-v., Sussex co., N. J., 80 n. Trenton, 249 W. Wye, river, Md., separates Talbot and Queen Anne counties, and flows into the e. side of Ches- apeake bay. Wvlliesburg, p-c, Charlotte co., Va., 106 s. w. Richmond, 204 W. Wynant's Kill, p-v., Greenbush t., Rensse- laer CO., N. Y., 10 E. Albany, 380 W. It con- tains 1 Dutch Reformed church, 2 stores, 1 tan- nery, and about 15 dwellings. Wynant's Kill, or creek, N. Y., rises in Sand Lake t., forming the outlet of several small lakes, and affords good water power. Wyoming, county, N. Y. Situated toward the w. part of the state, and contains 500 square ms. Taken from Genesee co. in 1841. The surface is undulating ; soil, moist, sandy, or gravelly loam, and very fertile. Drained by Allen's and Tonawanda crs., and crossed in its s. w. part by Cattaraugus cr., and in its s. E. angle by Genesee river. Capital, Warsaw. Wyoming, county. Pa. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 480 sq. ms. Taken from Luzerne co. in 1841. Drained by Susque- hanna river and its branches. Capital, Tunk- hannock. Wyoming, p-v., Middlebury t., Wyoming cc, N. Y., 248 w. Albany, 366 W. Situated on Al- len's cr., and contains 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist church, an academy, 4 st«<-es, 90 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. Wyo.miivg, p-v., Luzerne co.. Pa., 131 n. E. Harrisburg, 236 W. Situated on the w. side of the Susquehanna r., and contains about 200 in- habitants. Wyoming, p-o., Jackson co., Mich., 85 w. De- troit, 555 W. Wyoming, p-v., Dmwiddie cc, Va., 59 s. Rich- mond, 178 W. Wyoming, p-v., Starke co., EL, 101 n. Spring- field, 815 W. Situated on the E. .side of Spoon r., and contains about 75 inhabitants. Wyoming, p-v., Wayne co.,Iowa. Wysox. p-t., Bradford co.. Pa., 136 N. Harris- burg, 246 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel- ly loam. Drained by Rumfield and Wysox crs. YAN 743 YAT It has 7 stores, cap. $27,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- len fac, 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,385 Pop. 1,871. Wythk, county, Va. Situated toward the s. w. part ol' the state, and contains 700 square m.s. Drained by New river and its branches, and by branches of Holston r. The surface is an eleva- ted table land, from 1,600 to 2,000 feet above the level of the sea. Capital, Wytheville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,530, sheep 10,782, swine 22,739 ; wheat 85,G02 bush, produced, rye 47,020, lad. corn 233,793, buckwheat 12,639, oats 152,446, potatoes 38,307, sugar 13,743 pounds; 15 stores, cap. $173,000; 1 fulling m., 13 tanneries, 38 distilleries, 2 powder m., 2 flouring m., 38 grist m., 25 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 week- ly newspaper. Capital in manufac. $72,051. 1 acad. 40 students, 12 schools 269 scholars. Pop. whites 7,632, slaves 1,618, free col'd 123 ; total, 9,375. Wytheville, p-v., Wythe co., Va., 248 vv. Richmond, 316 W. Situated on a small branch of New r., and contains a court house, jail, and about 450 inhabitants. X. Xenia, p-t., capital of Greene co.,'0., 61 w. s. w. Columbus, 454 W. The t. is large and popu- lous. Drained by Little Miami r. and its branches, and by Cesar's cr. The v. is situated on Shaw- nee cr., 3 ms. from its entrance into Little Miami r. It is regularly laid out, with streets crossing each other at rigiit angles, and contains a court house and county offices of brick, a jail of stone. 4 churches in the v. and immediate 'vicinity, 10 stores, and about 1,200 inhabitants. It has many hi#dsome dwellings, and is surrounded by a highly cultivated country. The t. has 18 stores, cap. $70,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 distil- lery, 3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers, 5 flouring m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,380. II sch. 297 scholars. Pop. 4,913. Y. Yadkin, r., N. C, risesin the Alleghany moun- tains on the E. side, and flows e. and s. e. into S. C, and in its lower part it takes the name of Great Pedee, until it falls into Winyavv bay, near GeorgetowTi. In Montgomery co., N. C, it pass- es through the Narrows, occasioned by mountains on each side, where it is contracted from 200 yds. wide to about 30 ; and a few miles below it re- ceives Rocky r., below which it becomes the Great Pedee. By a canal around the narrows, and clearing obstructions from the r., it might be made navigable for boats of 10 tons from Wilkes- boro', in the mountains, to Cheraw, S. C, a dis- tance of 247 miles. Yalabusha, county, Miss. Situated centrally toward the n. part of the stale, and contains 720 s(j. ms. Drained by Yalabu.sha r. and its branch- es. Capital, Coffeeville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,976, sheep 4,298, swine 33,512; wheat 14,953 bush, produced, Ind. corn 543,635, oats 32,660, potatoes 27,739, tobacco 4,110 pounds, cotton 4,030,644; 1 commission house, capital $3,000 ; 23 stores, cap. $109,600 ; 5 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 44 grist m., 13 saw m., 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $71,930. 2 acad. 65 students, 21 sch. 558 scholars. Pop. whites 6,440, slaves 5,601, Iree col'd 7 ; total, 12,248. Yancev, county, N. C. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 1,760 sq. ms. It contains the highest land in the United States, K. of the Rocky mts. Black mt. is elevated 6,476 feet above the ocean. It has a copperas mine. Drained by Nolachucky r. anil its branches. Capital, Burnsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,585, sheep 5,041, swine 18,718 ; wheat 6,320 bush, produced, rye 2,8 18, Ind. corn 405,390, oats 33,670, potatoes 89,731, tobacco 4,830 pounds, 2 forges, 42 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,.500. Pop. whites 5,631, slaves 254, free col'd 27 ; total, 5,962. Yancey's Mills, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 101 w. N. w. Richmond, 136 W. Yanceyville, p-v., capital of Caswell co., N. C, 87 N. w. Raleigh, 263 W. It contains a court house, jail, and 250 inhabitants. Yankee Springs, p-t ., Barry co., Mich., 150 w. Detroit, 615 W. Pop. 130. Y ANTIC, r., Ct., rises in Lebanon, and falls into Thames r., at Norwich city, through a cove which sets up 1 m. from the r. At its mouth it falls over a ledge of granite rocks, where circular holes 5 or 6 feet deep are worn in the rocks by stones whirled round in them by the force of the water. At the foot of the falls on the w. side is a rocky bank 60 or 80 feet high, prryecting over the stream, from which the Mohegan Indians formerly phmged to destruction, wlien pursued by their enemies, the Narragan.sets. The falls here afford excellent water power, where are many mills and manufactories. Yardleyville, p-v., Makefield t., Bucks co., Pa., 18 s. E. Doylestown, 128 v.. Harrishurg, 168 W. Situated on the w. bank of Delaware r., and contains 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and about 25 dwellings. A ferry here crosses Delaware river. Yardleyville, p-o., Mercer co., N. J., 6 e. Trenton, 172 W. Yak.mouth, p-t., Barnstable co., Mass., 78 s. E. Boston, 479 W. It extends across Cape Cod. The soil is sandy and sterile. Incorporated in 1639. It has 2 villages. South Yarmouth v. is situated on Bass r., and contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Friends — and ex- tensive salt works. It has a number of vessels employed in the cod and mackerel fisheries, and the coasting trade. There are in the t. 13 stores, ca|). .$40,700 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing ofHce, 1 week- ly newspaper, 6 grist m. Cap. in manufactures $24,700. 1 acad. 43 students, 13 sch. 627 schol- ars. Pop. 2,554. Yar.mouth Port, p-v., Yarmouth t., Barnsta- ble CO., Mass., 77 s. e. Boston, 478 W. Situated on a branch of Cape Cod bay, and contains 1 Congregational and 1 Methodist church, a bank, and a printing office, issuing a weekly news- paper. Yates, county, N. Y. Situated w. of the cen- tre of the state, and contains 320 sq. ms. Seneca lake bounds it on the E., and Canandaigua lake on the N. w. Crooked lake enters its s. part, and has its outlet through it into Seneca lake, afTord- ing good water power. The surface is pleasantly diversified ; soil, clay, and a warm, fertile mold, producing grain and fruits abundantly. Organ- ized in 1823. Crooked Lake canal connects that lake with Seneca lake, and thus with the Erie canal. Capital, Penn Yan. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,989, sheep 86,876, swine 18,475 ; wheat 352,814 bush, produced, rye 2,102, Indian corn 104,066, buckwheat 20,891, barley 30,994, YEL 744 YOR oats 1C2,483, potatoes 170,318, hops 2,000 pounds, sugar 39,384; 51 stores, cap. $162,635; 3 fur- naces, 14 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 8 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 7 flouring in., 13 grist m., 62 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing oflfic.es, 1 periodical, 2 weelvly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $313,872. ir2 sch. 6,207 scholars. Pop. 20,444. Yates, p-t., Orleans co., N. Y., 12 n. Albion, 266 w. by n. Albany, 409 W. The surface is level; soil, sandy and clay loam. Drained by Johnson's cr., and otlier small streams flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the n. It has 5 stores, cap. $17,550 ; 1 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,950. 14 sch. 663 scholars. Pop. 2,230. Yatesville, p-0., Potter t., Yates co., N. Y., 197 w. Albany, 330 W. Yatesville, p-o., Lunenburg co., Va., 8^s. w. Richmond, 208 W. Yazoo, r., Miss., formed by the junction of Tallahatchee and Yalabusha rivers, in Carroll CO., and flows s. s. w. into the Mississippi r., 12 ms. above the Walnut Hills. It receives Sun Flower r., a considerable branch from the n. It is navigal3le for 50 ms. for large boats, in high stages of the water, and is 100 yards wide at its mouth. Yazoo, county. Miss. Situated w. of the cen- tre of the state, and contains 650 sq. ras. Bound- ed by Yazoo r. on the n. w., and by Big Black r. on the s. e., and drained by branches of both. Capital, Benton. There were in 1840, neat cat- tle 19,032, sheep 2,636, swine 30,179 ; wheat 834 bush, produced, rye 1,746, Indian corn 536,340, oats 81,035, potatoes 139,964, rice 7,350 pounds, tobacco 2,705, cotton 12,085,802 ; 9 commission houses, cap. $12,000; 24 stores, cap. $183,616; 2 grist m., 3 saw m , 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $14,305. 11 sch. 255 scholars. Pop. whites 3,116, slaves 7,339, free col'd 25 ; total, 10,480. Yazoo City, p-v., Yazoo co., Miss., 60 n. w. Jackson, 1,029 W. Situated on the e. side of Yazoo r., and contains several stores, and about 700 inhabitants. Yell, county, Ark. Situated toward the n. w. part of the state, and contains 936 square miles. Drained by Petite Jean, and other tributaries of Arkansas r., wiiich last runs on its n. e. border. Capital, Danville. Yellow Branch, p-o., Campbell co., Va., 130 W.Richmond, 208 W. Yellow Creek, p-o., Northampton t., Sum- mit CO., O., 135 N. e. Columbus, 343 W. Situated in Niles v., on the w. side of Cuyahoga r., on tiie Ohio canal. Yellow Creek, t, Columbiana co., O. It contains Wellsviile v. Pop. 805. Yellow Creek, p-o., Knox co., Ky., 146 s. e. Frankfort, 492 W. Yellow Creek, p-t., Cliariton co.. Mo., Ill n. w. JefTerson City, 1,005 W. Pop. 338. Yellow Creek Furnace, p-o., Montgomery CO., Tenn., 36 w. n. w. Nashville, 747 Washuig- ton. Yellow Springs, p-o., Huntingdon co., Pa., 106 w. Harri,sburg, 162 W. Yellow Springs, p-v., Miami t., Greene co., O., 52 s. w. Columbus, 445 W. Here is a sul- phur spring, much resorted to as a watering place, having a commodious hotel and numerous cottages, spread over green lawns and delightful groves. Yellow Springs, p-o., Claiborne co., Tenn., 233 E. Nashville, 472 W. Yellow Springs, p-o., Johnson co., la., 16 s. Indianapolis, 580 W. Yellow Springs, p-o., Harapsliire co., Va., 169 N. N. w. Richmond, 97 W. Yellow Spring, p-o., Des Moines co., Iowa. Yellow Stone, p-o., Hawkins co., Tenn., 254 e. Nashville, 428 W. Yellow Water, r., Ala. and Flor., rises in Covington co., Ala., and flows s. s. w. into Flor., through wliich it passes, and enters an arm of Pensacola bay. Yellville, p-v., capital of Marion co.. Ark., 180 N. Little Rock, 1,106 W. Situated on the n. E. side of a brancli of White r., and contains a court house, jail, and about 75 inhabitants. Yelvington, p-v., Daviess co., Ky., 156 w. by s. Frankfort, 683 W. Yocumtown, p-v., York co.. Pa., 21 s. Har- risburg, 113 W. Youngesville, p-v., Fairfield dist., S. C, 41 N. Columbia, 468 W. Situated on Little r., and contains about 75 inhabitants. Yonkers, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 132 s. Albany, 242 W. The surface is uneven and broken ; soil, clay and sandy loam, generally well cultivated. Watered by Bronx and Saw Mill rivers, flowing into ?Iudson r., which bounds it on the w. The v. is situated on the e. side of Hudson r., at the mouth of Saw Mill r., and con- tains 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist church, a female seminary, beautifully situated, 5 stores, 1 grist m., several sawm., 60 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. Steamboats land and receive passengers here daily. It is surrounded by fine scenery. There are in the t. 3 acad. 75 students, 5 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 2,968. York, r., Me. A short stream in York county, which enters the Atlantic by a broad mouth which afl'ords a good harbor, for 7 or 8 ms., with a depth of water sufficient for vessels of 200 tons burden. York, r., Va. Formed by the junction of Pa- mmikey and Mattapony rivers. Its lower part forms a bay, generally 2 or 3 ms. wide, until it enters Chesapeake bay, between York and Gloucester counties. At Yorktown, where it is contracted to 1 m. wide, it forms tlie best harbor in Va., and it is navigable for large vessels 20 miles above this. It is about 120 miles long to its remote sources. York, county, 3Ie. Situated in the s. w. part of the state, and contains 818 square miles. The surface is uneven and rough; soil, hard and rocky on the coast, but more fertile in the interior. The Atlantic bounds it on the s. e., along which are fine harbors, and several lighthouses. Capi- tal, Alfred. There were in 1840, neat cattle 50,010, sheep 69,477, swine 14,391 ; wheat 55,886 bushels produced, rye 23,140, Ind. corn 230,650, buckwheat 6,046, barley 40,670, oats 102,413, potatoes 1,123,441, sugar 26,084; 245 stores, cap. $313,150; 2 lumber yards, cap. $2,500; 22 full- ing m., 7 woollen fac, 5 cotton fac. 25,736 spin- dles, 101 tanneries, 6 potteries, 4 printing offices, 4 weekly newspapers, 90 grist m,. 157 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $1,604,425. Pop. 54,034. York, county, Pa. Situated in the s., toward the E. part of the state, and contains 864 sq. ms. Susquehanna r. runs on its n. e. border. Drain- ed by Cadorus, Cone wago, and Yellow Breeches creeks. The surface is uneven ; soil, generally very fertile. Capital, York. There were in 1840, neat cattle 34,425, sheep 36,.347, swine 56,297; wheat 357,515 bushels produced, ryo 363,886, Indian corn 600,822, barley 1,714, oats 597,044, buckwheat 12,999, potatoes 172,246, to- bacco 162,748 lbs. ; 159 stores, cap. $528,575 ; 17 lumber yards, cap. $90,000; 7 fulling m., 10 woollen fac, 53 tanneries, 216 distilleries, 4 YOR 745 YOR breweries, 9 potteries, 4 paper fac, 6 printing of- fices, 7 weekly newspapers, 7 flouring m., 132 grist m., 104 saw m., 9 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $990,010. 2 acad. 50 students, 130 sch. 3,749 scholars. Pop. 47,010. York, county, Va. Situated in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 150 sq. nis. Chesa- peake bay bounds it on the s. E., and York r. on the N. E. The soil is generally fertile. Capital, Yorktown. It has 6 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 4,720. York, dist., S. C. Sit-.iated in the n. part of the state, and contains 800 sq. ms. Watered by Catawba r., which hounds it on the s. E., and Broad r., which bounds it on the w. Drained by branches of these rivers, the chief of which are Turkey, Bullocks, King's, and Buffalo creeks. The surface consists of plains, inclining to Ca- tawba and Broad rivers. Capital, Yorkville. There were in 1840, neat cuttle 13,695, sheep 7,949. swine 24,021 ; wheat 64,021 bushels pro- duced, rye 44,7.38, Ind. corn 478,833, oats 44,148, potatoes 12,175, rice 5,200 lbs., tobacco 3,942, cot- ton 866,594 ; 14 stores, cap. $96,500 ; 3 tanneries, 24 distilleries, 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 6 flouring m., 21 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,428. 1 acad. 33 students, 29 sch. 679 scholars. Pop. 18^383. York, p-t., port of entry, York co.. Me., 45 s. w. by s. Portland, 92 s. w. Augusta, 502 W. On the seacoast the surface is rocky and rough ; soil, barren, but fertile near tlie v. Watered by York r., which enters the Atlantic by a wide mouth, and Cape Neddock r. Agamenlicus mt. lies in its ."v. vv. part, a noted landmark for sea- men, the summit of wiiich presents an extensive prospect. Incorporated in 1653. The v. is situ- ated on the N. side of York r., one mile from the sea, formerly the capital of the eo., has a good harbor, which admits vessels of 250 tons, and is regularly laid out, with streets crossing each other at right angles. It has some shipping, em- ployed chiefly in the fisheries. It was originally designed for a large city, but has not equalled the expectations of its early founders. On Cape Ned- dock, a rocky promontory, on the s. side of a river of the same name, in the town, is a light- house. It has 11 stores, cap. .§7,750; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in man- ufac. $2,975. 866 scholars in schools. Pop. 3,111. York, p-t., Livingston co., N. Y., 238 w. Al- bany, 351 W. The surface rises 1 or 2 ms. from Genesee r., when it becomes level ; soil, clay loam, fertile in wheat, and other kinds of grain. Drauied by branches of Genesee r., which bounds it on the e. It has 12 stores, cap. 837,150; 1 woollen fac, 2 furnaces, 2 distilleries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,175. 17 sch. 1,039 scholars. Pop. 3,049. York, t., York co.. Pa., 5 s. w. York b. The surface is undulating ; soil, gravel, and not very fertile. It has 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,015. Pop. 1,294. York, p-b., and capital of York co.. Pa., 24 s. Harrisburg, 90 W. It is situated in Spring Gar- den and Manchester ts., and on Codorus cr., on a plain, with streets crossing each other at right angles. It contains a court house and county offices of brick, a jail of stone, an academy of brick, 12 churches, belonging to Lutherans, (icr- man Reformed. Presbyterians, Moravians, Epis- copalians, Methodists, Friends, Roman Catholics, and African Methodists ; 3S stores, cap. $201,100 ; 11 lumber yards, cap. $70,900; 1 woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 3 breweries, 4 printing offices, 5 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $129,310. 2 acad. 50 students, 10 sch. 647 scholars. Pop. 4,779. The poorhouse is in the vicinity of the v. The U. States Congress removed to this place when driven from Philadelphia, ui the revolu- tionary war. The cr. is maile navigable 11 ms. to the Snsquehatma r., by 8 ms. of pools and 3 of canals, with 9 locks. The v. is supplied by water in pipes from a spring in the vicinity. Tliis place is connected with Pliiladelphia and Balti- more by railroads. York, p-v., Fayette co., Ga., 87 w. N. w. Mil- ledgeville, 691 W. York, t., Athens co., O. Drained by Ilock- hocking r., on which is Nelsonville v. It re- ceives several small tributaries, the largest of which is Monday cr. It has 10 sch. 191 scholars. Pop. 1,601. York, t., Belmont co., O. Bounded e. by Ohio r. Drauied by Captina cr., which affords water power. The surface is uneven ; soil, very fertile. It has 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 1,294. York, t., Darke co., O. It has 1 sch. 20 scho- lars. Pop. 369. York, t., Medina co., O. It has I tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,300. 5 sch. 152 scholars. Pop. 781. York, t., Morgan co., O. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 gri.st m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,950. 6 sch. 494 scho- lars. Pop. 1,032. VoRK, t., Sandusky co., O. It has 5 sch. 189 scholars. Pop. 1,301. York, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It has 1 grist m., 6 saw m., 5 sch. 305 scholars. Pop. 865. York, t.. Union co., O. It has 2 sch. 70 scho- lars. Pop. 439. York, t.. Van Wert co., O. Pop. 181. York, p-t., Washtenaw co., Mich., 46 w. De- troit, 511 W. It has 1 store, cap. .$2,500; 1 tan- nery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,600. Pop. 1,146. York, t., Switzerland co., la. Pop. 1,331. York, t., Steuben co., la. It has 1 sch. 14 scholars. Pop. J 91. York, t., Noble co., la. It has 1 store, cap. $800 ; 1 pottery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 sch. 18 scholars. Pop. 289. York, p-v., Clarke co.. III., 142 e. s. e. Spring- field, 676 W. Situated on the w. side of Wa- bash r., and contains 4 stores, 1 steam saw and flouring m., and about 350 injiabitants. York Centre, p-o., Lucas co., O., 151 N. w. Columbus, 482 W. York Haven, p-v., Newberry t., York co., Pa., 14 s. Harrisburg, 1(X) W. Situated on the w. side of Susquehanna r., below Conewago falls, oppo- site to j'orlsmouth. 3Iuch of the descending trade of the r. proceeds from this place to Balti- more. York North Ridoe, p-o., Sandusky co., O., 99 .\. Colum))us, 414 W. York Ridge, p-o.. Dearborn CO., la., 84 s. E. Indianapolis, 541) W. Yorkshire, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 278 Albany, 341 W. The surface is generally level ; soil, a fertile clay and gravelly loam. Drained by Cattaraugus cr. and its tributaries. The v. is situated on Cattaraugus cr., and contains 1 church, 4 stores, 1 flouring m., 40 dwellings, and about .300 inhabitants. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $5,5f)0 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,180. Pop. I 1,292. I York Sulphur Springs, p-v., Latimore t, I Adams co.. Pa., 15 s. Carlisle, 21 s. Harrisburg, j 89 W. The springs here are a fashionable resort I from Baltimore, and contain good accommodations ZAN 746 ZAN for visiters. The country around is healthy, and the springs possess valuable mineral properties. YoRKTOW.M, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 16 n. White Plains, 112 s. Albany, 275 W. The sur- face is hilly, and on the n. mountainous ; soil, generally fertile. It has several ponds, and is drained by Croton r. It has 10 sch. 201 scholars. Pop. 2,819. YoRKTowN, p-v., port of entry and capital of York CO., Va., 70 e. s. e. Richmond, 185 W. Sit- uated on the s. side of York cr., opposite to Glou- cester. It contains a court house, jail, county offices, 40 dwellings, some of them in a dilapi- dated condition, and about 300 inhabitants. It is memorable as the place where Lord Cornwallis surrendered the British army to Gen. Washing- ton, Oct. 19th, 1781, which event terminated the revolutionary war. YoRKTOwN, p-v., Delaware co., la., 50 n. e. Indianapolis, 537 W. YoRKviLLE, v., New York co., N. Y. Situated on the Harlem railroad, 5 ms. n. of the City Hall. It lies chiefly on two streets. It contains 2 churches — 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist — a fine public school house of brick, 2 stories high, with a large public library, 4 stores, 1 rope walk, 2 extensive carriage fac, 70 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. The railroad passes through the place in a deep cut, and in the immediate vicini- ty it passes through a tunnel cut through solid rock, 844 feet long, 24 feet wide, and 21 high. Prospect Hill, in the vicinity, has a fine public house commanding an extensive prospect. In the vicinity of the v. is the great receiving reser- voir of the Croton water-works. Stages pass through the place many times daily, from the city to Harlem. YoRKViLLE, p-v., capital of York dist, S. C, 79 N. by w. Columbia, 480 W. Situated on a branch of Broad r., and contains a court house, jail, 3 churches, an academy, and about 700 in- habitants. YoRKViLLE, p-v., Pickens co., Ala., 68 w. n. w. Tuscaloosa, 876 W. Yorkville, p-v., Gibson co., Tenn., 143 w. Nashville, 826 W. Situated on a branch of Obion r., and contains about 100 inhabitants. Yorkville, p-v., Racine co., Wis., 96 e. s. e. Madison, 796 W. YouGH Glaues, p-0., Alleghany co., Md., 219 w. N. w. Annapolis, 180 W. Youghiogheny, r., Va., Md., and Pa., rises in Preston co., Va., and passes through Alleghany CO., Md., and enters Pa. between Somerset and Fayette counties, and pursuing a n. n. w. course, it enters the Alleghany r., 18 ms. s. e. of Pitts- burg. Its course is through an elevated, hilly, and mountainous country, passing through Lau- rel Hills and Chesnut ridge. At the Ohiopyle falls, about 30 ms. from its entrance into the Al- leghany, it has a perpendicular descent of 20 feet, presenting at high water a grand and interesting appearance. It is navigable to these falls. VouNG, p-o., McDonough co., 111., 95 n. w. Springfield, 868 W. Young's, p-o., Yancey co., N. C, 238 w. Ra- leigh, 468 W. Younger.s, p o., Boone co., Mo., 45 m. Jeffer- son City, 930 W. Yoitng's Cross Roads, p-o., Granville co., N. C, 68 N. Raleigh, 263 W. Young's Cross Roads, p-o., Lauderdale co., Ala., 149 N. Tuscaloosa, 794 W. Young's Mills, p-o., Wayne t., Knox co.- O.. 57 N. E. Columbus, 385 W. Young's Point, p-o., Madison par., La. Young's Store, p-o., Laurens dist., S. C, 86 w. n. w. Columbia, 504 W. Young's Tan Yard, p-o., Washington co., Tenn. Youngston, t., Trumbull co., O. It has 10 sch. 520 scholars. Pop. 999. Youngstown, p-t., port of delivery. Porter t., Niagara co., N. Y., 293 w. by n. Albany, 416 W. Situated on the e. side of Niagara r., 1 m. from its entrance into Lake Ontario, and contains 1 church, 1 steam flouring m., 5 stores, 50 dwell- ings, and about 400 inhabitants. A ferry crosses the r. to Newark v., Canada. Near it is Fort Niagara, celebrated in the French war. . It was taken by the British in the late war. It has, since the war, been suffered to go to decay. Opposite to Youngstown is Fort George, in Cana- da. Steamboats land and receive passengers at this place, during the season of navigation. Youngstown, p-b.. Unity t., Westmoreland CO., Pa., 158 w. Harrisburg, 184 W. It contains 1 Geraian church, 4 stores, 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,600. 1 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 415. Youngstown, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 177 n. e. Columbus. 290 W. Watered by Mahoning r.. Mill cr., and other small tributaries of the Mahoning. The v. is situated on the n. side of the r., on the Pa. and O. canal, and contains 5 stores and a number of dwellings. There are in the t. 9 sch. 526 scholars. Pop. 654. YouNGSviLLE, p-v., Warren co.. Pa., 218 n. w. Harrisburg, 310 W. Situated on both sides of Big Broken Straw cr., 3 ms. from its mouth, and contains a Methodist church, 3 stores, various mechanic shops, 30 dwellings, and about 200 in- habitants. The country around is fertile and well cultivated. YouNGsviLLE, p-v., Tallapoosa co., Ala., 139 E. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 806 W. It contains about 75 inhabitants. Young Womanstown, p-v., Chapman t., Clin- ton CO., Pa., 134 N. Harrisburg, 226 W. Situated on the N. side of the Susquehanna r., and con- tains about 40 inhabitants. YrsiLANTi, p-t., Washtenaw co., Mich., 30 w. by s. Detroit, 517 W. Watered by Huron r. and Stony cr. 'Plie v. is situated on the w. side of Huron r.. and contains 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, and 1 Methodist — an academy, 10 stores, 3 flouring m., 3 saw m., 1 woollen fac, 2 carding machines, 1 iron foundry, 1 tannery, 300 dwellings, and about i,5il}0 inhabitants. It is con- nected with Detroit by the Central railroad. The r. here affords good water power. There are in the t. 16 stores, cap. §16,850; 1 furnace, 1 distil- lery, 4 flouring m., 3 grist m., 9 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $169,335. Pop. 2,419. z. Zachery's Store, p-o., Newton co., Ga., 63 N. w. ftDlledgeville, 655 W. Zanesfield, p-v., Logan co., O., 64 n. w. Co- lumbus, 451 W. Situated on a head branch of Mad r., and contains about 150 inhabitants. Zanesville, p-t., capital of Muskingum co. on the E. side of Musldngum r., opjwsite to the mouth of Licking r., on the national road. It con- tains an elegant court house, a jail, county offices, a market house, 2 banking houses, 2 academies, an athensBUm, with a reading-room, and a library of 2,300 vols.. 9 churches, 40 wholesale and retail C, 54 E. Columbus, 339 W. The v. is situated i stores, 2 steam engine and machine shops, 3 ZEB 747 ZOA woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 1 steam paper m , 3 oil m. 2 breweries, 3 air foundries, 2 brass foundries, 2 rope fac, 2 soap and candle fac, 1 starch and glue fac, 3 coach fac, 2 steam and 2 water saw m., 2 glass fac, 1 steam hat fac, and 5 printing offices. In the immediate vicinity are 5 flouring m. propelled by water power, with 30 run of stones, and 3 steam flouring m., witii 9 run of stones, manufacturing annually 10(),0t)0 barrels of (lour. The population of the v. is 4,766, and including several connected adjacent villages, about 7,000. A benevolent and wealthy indi- vidual bequeatlied a fund of $35,000, which is constantly increasing, to found a free school. 2 bridges connect this place with Putnam and West Zanesville, on the opposite side of the Muskingum river. By means of a side-cut which enters the Muskingum at Dresden, it has a connection with the Ohio canal. A canal and locks at this place around the falls of the Muskingum, not only make the r. navigable, but create a great water power. Pop. of the t., exclusive of the v., 3.J.5. Zanesville, p-o., Buckingham co., Va., 83 n. . Richmond, 162 W. Zanesville, p-v., Montgomery co., 111., 33 s. Springfield, 784 W. Zebulo.m, pv., capital of Pike co., Ga., 77 w. Milledgeville, 696 W. It contains a court house, jail, an academy, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, 6 stores, and about 40 dwellings. Zebulqn, p-v., Pike co., Ark., 136 s. w. Little Rock, 1,201 W. Situated on a branch of Washita r., and contains about 75 inhabitants. Zeisersville, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa., 105 n. e. Harrisburg, 211 W. Zelie.noi'le, pv., Conequenessing t., Butler CO., Pa., 224 w. by n. Harrisburg, 252 W. Situ- ated on the s. side of Conequenessing cr., and con- tains 2 stores, several mills, and about 250 inhab- itants. Zen AS, p-v., Jennings co., la., 62 s. Indianapo- lis, 565 W. ZioN, p-v., Iredell co., N. C, 155 w. Raleigh, 366 W. ZoAR, p-o., Eden t., Erie co., N. Y., 296 w. Al- bany, 353 W. ZoAR, p-v., Lawrence t., Tuscarawas co., O., 120 N. E. Cohimbus, 319 W. Situated on the E. side of Tuscarawas river. Settled by a German colony called Separatists, from their secession from the Lutheran and other churches. It is under the government of a patriarch, and chooses its own ofiicers. The v. contains 1 store, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 woollen fac, 1 linen fac, 60 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. On the canal they have several warehouses, and 2 blast furnaces. They have an extensive pleasure-gar- den, with a hothouse, well stored with rare plants and exotic fruits. The v. is peculiarly neat and thrifty, and is visited as a curiosity. ZoAR Bridge, p-v.. New Haven co., Ct., 51 s s. E. Hartford 293 W. APPENDIX, CONTAINING SEVERAL OMISSIONS, NEW COUNTIES, POST-OFFICES, &c. A. Addison, t., Shelby co., la. Pop. 1,284. Albany, t., Bedford co.. Pa. Pop. 803. Alexander, t.. Licking co., O. Pop. 200. Allen, t., Union co., O. Pop. 713. Anderson, t., Warrick co., la. Pop. 348. Andover, (north surplus,) Oxford co., Me. Pop. 45. Arkansas, t., Arkan.sas co., Ark. Pop. 640. Armstrong, t., Vanderburg co., la. Pop. 869. Auburn, t., Richland co., O. Pop. 1,016. AuvASE, t., Callaway co., Mo. Pop. 1,164. B. Barlow, t., Washington co., O. Pop. 1,011. Bavou Mason, t., Chicot co., Ark. Pop. 455. Benedicta, t., Aroostook co.. Me. Pop. 222. Berlin, t., Delaware co., O. Pop. 827. Bethlehem, t., Northampton co.. Pa. Pop. 2,989. Black Lick, t., Indiana co.. Pa. Pop. 2,088. Blair, t., Huntingdon co., Pa. Pop. 1,370. Blooming Grove, t., Richland co., O. Pop. 1,495. Blue Creek, t., Adams co., la. Pop. 197. BoGGS, t.. Centre co.. Pa. Pop. 1,714. Boone, t., Van Biiren co.. Mo. Pop. 445. Boston, t., Wayne co., la. Pop. 656. Bowerbank, t., Piscataquis co., Me. Pop. 165. Bridgewater, t., Susquehanna co., Pa. Pop. 2,082. Brookfield, b., Jefferson co., Pa. Pop. 276. Brookfield, t., Stark co., O. Pop. 315. Brown, t., Montgomery co., la. Pop. 1,452. Buffalo, t., Union co.. Pa. Pop. 1,348. Bull Skin, t., Fayette co.. Pa. Pop. 1,275. Butler, t., Kno.x co., O. Pop. 647. Buston, t., Luzerne co.. Pa. Pop. 733. Byrd, t.. Brown co., O. Pop. 2,421. C. Cave Hill, t., Washington co., Ark. Pop. 923. Centre, t., Butler co., Pa. Pop. 1,834. Centre, t.. Rush co., O. Pop. 1,385. CiiAMBERSBURG, V., West t., Columbiana co., O. Pop. 82. Cherry, t., Lycoming co., Pa. Pop. 875. Chest, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 138. Clifford, t., Susquehanna co.. Pa. Pop. 1,068. Clinton Gore, Kennebec co., Me. Pop. 110. CoLEviLLE, t., Asluabula co., O. Pop. 530. Columbia, t., Fayette co., la. Pop. 932. Conemaugh, t., Somerset co., Pa. Pop. 882. Connewago, t., Adams co., Pa. Pop. 8S9. Covington, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 438. D. Decatur, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 385. Damascus, v., Columbiana co., O. Pop. 99. Danbury, t., Wasliington co., Vt. Pop. 820. Darby, t , Union co., O. Pop. 736. Davies, county, Ky. Situated in the w. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. rns. It has the Ohio r. on the n., and Green r. on the s. Drained by small streams falling into them. Capital, Owenboro'. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,939, sheep 7,929, swine 11,614; wheat 33,808 bush, produced, rye 2,538, Ind. corn 361,805, oats 52,325, potatoes 10,617, tobacco 8,598,900 pounds ; 4 distilleries. Cap. in manufac. $2,900. 7 sch. 166 scholars. Pop. 8,331. De Kalb, county, 111. Situated in the n. part of the state, and contains 648 sq. ms. Drained by Kishwaukee cr. and a small branch of Fox r. Capital, Sycamore. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,283, sheep 632, swine 7,800 ; wheat 38,095 bush, produced, Ind. corn 49,531, oats 36,305, potatoes 21,975, sugar 9,014 pounds; 4 stores, cap. .$7,000 ; 1 distillery, 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,250. 11 sch. 216 scholars. Pop. 1,697. Delavan, t., Walw'orth co.. Wis. Pop. 154. Delaware, t., Juniata co.. Pa. Pop. 946. Derry, t., Westmoreland co.. Pa. Pop. 3,732. Du Page, county. 111. Situated in the n. e. part of the state, and contains 396 sq. ms. Drain- ed by Des Planes r. and Du Page cr. Capital, Napierville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,617, sheep 831, swine 8,213; wheat 53,641 bush, produced, Ind. corn 65,261, barley 1,912, oats 136,413, potatoes 85,370, sugar 14,555 lbs. ; 3 stores, cap. $13,000 ; 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,500. 18 sch. 337 scholars. Pop. 3,535. E. East Brunswick, t., Schuylkill co., Po. Pop. 1,230. East Lyme, t.. New London co., Ct. Pop 1,439. East Pike Run, t., Washington co., Pa. Pop 1,240. East Providence, t., Bedford co.. Pa. Pop 1,019. Ecore a Fabre, t.. Union co.. Ark. Pop. 232. Eufaula, p-v., Barbour co., Ala., 201 n. e. Tuscaloosa, 809 W. Situated on the w. side of Chattahoochee r., and contains about 200 inhab- itants. This place was formerly called Irwinton. F. Fayette, t., Juniata co., Pa. Pop. 1,291. Fell, t., Huntingdon co.. Pa. Pop. 911. Ferguson, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 168. Fermaugh, t., Juniata co., Pa. Pop. 831. Flat Rock, t., Bartholomew co., la. Pop. 922. Fourche la Fave, t.. Pope co.. Ark. Pop. 167. Fourche la Fave, t., Conway co.. Ark. Pop. 343. Franklin, county, Va. Situated in the s. part of the state, and contains 771 sq. ms. Drained by Roanoke r. and its branches. Capital, Rocky Mount. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,590, sheep 11,967, swine 31,986; wheat 97,043 bush, produced, rye 7,166, Indian corn 130,251, oats IND 749 ^ LIT 184, 101, potatoes 17,745, tobacco 2,508, 1 15 pounds, cotton 2,749; 19 stores, cap. $118,900; 24 tan- neries, 21 distilleries, 4 flouring m., 33 grist m., 36 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $73,526, 16 sell. 367 scholars. Pop. 15,832. Franklin, t., Lycoming co., Fa. Pop. 529. Franklin, t.. Portage co., O. Pop. 1,497. Franklin, t.. Summit co., O. Pop. 1,436. Franklin, t., Warren co., O. Pop. 2,457. Franklinton, Franklin co., O. Pop. 404. Fulton, t., Sevier co.. Ark. Pop. 3,052. G. German, t., Mercer co., O. Pop. 1,499. German, t., Montgomery co., O. Pop. 2,728. GiitsoN, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 170. GiDsoN, t., Darke co., O. Pop. 276. Girard, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 349. Glass Lake, t., Jackson co., Mich. Pop. 1,127. Golden, t., Erie co., N. Y. Pop. 1,088. Goshen Gore, t., Caledonia co., Vt. Pop. 144. Granville, t., Mercer co., O. Pop. 339. Granville, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 156. Gratiot, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 108. Grayson, t., Owen co., la. Pop. 475. Greenbrier, t.. Independence co., Ark. Pop. 550. Greene, t., Franklin co.. Pa. Pop. 2,518. Greene, t.. Pike co.. Pa. Pop. 178. Greene, t., Hamilton co., O. Pop. 2,939. Greene, t., Monroe co., O. Pop. 937. Greene, t., Richland co., O. Pop. 1,998. Greene, t., Ross co., O. Pop. 1,889. Greene, t., Scioto co., O. Pop. 974. Greene, t., Summit co., O. Pop. 1,536. Greene, t., Trumbull co., O. Pop. 646. Greene, t, Wayne CO., O. Pop. 1,751. Greene, t., Randolph co., la. Pop. 596. Greenfield, b., VVasliington co., Pa. Pop. 264. Greenfield, t.. Orange co., la. Pop. 635. Greenfield, t., Poinsett co.. Ark. Pop. 283. Greensborough, t., Henry co., la. Pop. 945. Greensburg, t., Greene co., Ky. Pop. 585. Greenville, t,, Erie co.. Pa. Pop. 862. Griggs, t., Van Buren co.. Ark. Pop. 579. Gum Log, t., Pope co., Ark. Pop. 205. H. Hanover, b., York co., Pa. Pop. 1,070. Hanover, t., Jefferson co., la. Pop. 840. Hamilton, t., Franklin co., O. Pop. 1,119. Hamilton, t., Jackson co., O. Pop. 1,711. Hardin, t., Conway co., Ark. Pop. 423. Harios, t.. Centre co., Pa. Pop. 2,002. Harmony, t., Perry co., la. Pop. 1,764. Harmony, t.. Van Buren co.. Mo. Pop. 569. Harrison, t., Ross co., O. Pop. 631. Harrison, t., Fayette co., la. Pop. 1,690. Harrison, t., Owen co., la. Pop. 401. Harrison, t., Cole co.. Mo. Pop. 547. Hat Creek, t., Taney co., Mo. Pop. 181. Haw Creek, t., Bartholomew co., la. Pop. 1,263. Henry, t., Wood cc, O. Pop. 213. Henry, t., Henry co.,Ia. Pop. 1,318. Highland, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 844. HiLBouRNE, t., Madison co.. Ark. Pop. 367. Horace, t. Tioga co., Pa. Pop. 82. HowLAND, t., Trumbull co. O. Pop. 1,035. Hurricane, t., Lincoln co.. Mo. Pop. 1,795. I. Independence, t., Washington co., O. Pop. 335. Illinois, t., Pope co.. Ark. Pop. 173. Illinov, t., Pope CO., Ark. Pop. 208. J. Jackson, t., Monroe co., O. Pop. 805. Jackson, t., Preble co., O. Pop. 1,260. Jackson, t., Sandusky co., O. Pop. 929. Jackson, t., Wayne co., O. Pop. 1,645. Jackson, t., Hamilton co., la. Pop. 1,209. Jacksojjburg, v., Butler co., O. Pop. 136. Jailes, t.. Van Buren co , Ark. Pop. 338. James, t., Steuben co., la. Pop. 314. Jefferson, t., Cambria co.. Pa. Pop. 141. Jefferson, t., Allen co., la. Pop. 108. Jefferson, t.. Grant co., la. Pop. 636. Jefferson, t., Hamilton co., la. Pop. 167. Jefferson, t., Switzerland co., la. Pop. 2,068. Jefferson, t., Wayne co., la. Pop. 1,289. Jefferson, t., Buchanan co.. Mo. Pop. 448. Jefferson, t., Sevier co., Ark. Pop. 280. Jena, t., Livingston co., Mich. Pop. 141. Jenks, t., Jefferson co.. Pa. Pop. 20. Jennings, t., Fayette co., la. Pop. 786. Jero.me, t.. Union co., O. Pop. 865. Johnson, t.. Brown co., la. Pop. 342. Johnson, t., Gibson co., la. Pop. 1,205. Johnson, (extended,) Cambria co., Pa. Pop. 328. Jordon, t., Clearfield co., Pa. Pop. 329. K. King's River, t., Madison co.. Ark. Pop. 345. L. La Payette, t., Van Buren co., Mich. Pop. 327. La Fayette, t., Floyd co., la. Pop. 928. La Fayette, t., Owen co., la. Pop. 511. La Fayette, t.. Union co.. Ark. Pop. 337. La Grange, t.. La Fayette co.. Ark. Pop. 362. Lake, t., Allen co., la. Pop. 254. Lake, t., Milwaukee co.. Wis. Pop. 418. Lanquille, t., Poinsett co.. Ark. Pop. 494. Larner, t., Preble co., O. Pop. 1,618. Laurel, t., Hocking co., O. Pop. 836. Lawrence, t., Clearfield co., Pa. I\)p. 1,032. Lebano.n, t.. Lawrence co.. Ark. Pop. 412. Lees Creek, t., ("rawford co.. Ark. Pop. 555. Leesburg, t., Ifnion co., O. Pop. 726. Lehman, t.. Pike co., Pa. Pop. 560. Le Rov, t., Ingham co., iMich. Pop. 110. Lesear, t.. New Madrid co., 31o. Pop. 963 Letter A., t., Aroostook co., 3Ie. Pop. 177 Letter A., O.xford co , Me. Pop. 54. Lewistown, v., Columbiana co., O. Pop. 79 Lewisville, I., Coshocton co., O. Pop. 64. Liberty, t.. Pope co.. Ark. Pop. 3(X). Liberty, t., Putnam co., O. Pop. 125. Liberty,!., Ross co., O. Pop. 1,256. Liberty, t., Trumbull co., O. Pop. 1,225. Liberty, t.. Union co., O. Pop. 927. Liberty, t., Washington co., O. Pop. 515. Liberty, t.. Wood co., O. Pop. 215. Liberty, t., Pope co.. Ark. Pop. 300. Licking, t., Blackford co., la. Pop. 542. Lick Mountain, t., Conway co.. Ark. Pop. 174. Limington, t., York co.. Me. Pop. 2,210. Lisbon, t., Milwaukee co.. Wis. Pop. 116. Little Black, t., Randolph co.. Ark. Pop. 176. Little Red River, t., Von Buren co., Ark. Pop. 317. NOR 750 PIT Little North Fork, t., Marion co., Ark. Pop. 190. Logan, t.. Fountain co., la. Pop. 949. London, t., Seneca co., O. Pop. 763. Long Island, Hancock co.. Me. Pop. 114. Lorain, t., Tippecanoe co., la. Pop. 1,482. LoRDSTOWN, t., Trumbull co., O. Pop. 1,167. Louisiana, t., Cliicot co.. Ark. Pop. 951. Ludlow, t., Washington co., O. Pop. 539. Lynn, t., Posey co., fa. Pop. 845. M. McVeytown, b., Mifflin co.. Pa. Pop. 348. Madison, t., Montgomery co., O. Pop. 1,594. Madison, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 1,070. Madison, t., Richland co., O. Pop. 1,878. Madison, t., Sandusky co., O. Pop. 316. Madison, t., Scioto co., O. Pop. 830. Madison, t., Lenawee co., Mich. Pop. 1,067. Madison, t., Jefferson co., la. Pop. 2,757. Marion, t., Mercer co., O. Pop. 1,010. Marion, t., Shelby co., O. Pop. 965. Marion, t., Livingston co., Mich. Pop. 345. Marion, t., Union co.. Ark. Pop. 278. Maumee, t., Allen co., la. Pop. 272. Meigs, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 1,333. Meigsville, t., Morgan co., O. Pop. 1,159. MiATT, t., Lawrence co., O. Pop. 366. MiDDLEBURG, t., Shiawossee co., Mich. Pop. 32. Milan, t., Allen co., Ta. Pop. 249. Mill Grove, t., Steuben co., la. Pop. 206. MiLLSFORD, t., Williams co., O. Pop. 175. Milton, t., .Jefferson co., la. Pop. 1,280. Monroe, t.. Grant co., la. Pop. 273. Montgomery, t., Richland county, O. Pop. 2,445. Montgomery, t., Owen co., la. Pop. 1,429. Montgomery, t., Monroe county. Ark. Pop. 292. Morgan, t., Harrison co., O. Pop. 1,157. Morgan, t., Owen co., la. Pop. 580. 3I0RRIS, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 214. Mount Sterling, t., Madison co., O. Pop. 152. Mount Sterling t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 177. N. Newark, t.. Licking co., O. Pop. 1,433. Narrows, t., Macon co.. Mo. Pop. 211. New Georgetown, v., Columbiana co., O. Pop. 218. New Hanover, t., Burlington co., N. J. Pop. 3,045. New Lima, t., Columbiana co., O. Pop. 129. New Reading, t. and v.. Perry co., O. Pop of the V. 193, of the t. 2,799. Newton, t., Trumbull co., O. Pop. 1,456. Niangua, t., Benton co.. Mo. Pop. 372. Nine Mile Prairie, t., Callaway co.. Mo. Pop. 2,059. Nineveh, t., Bartholomew co., la. Pop. 854. Noble, t.. Rush co., la. Pop. 1,491. Noble, t., Wabash co., la. Pop. 454. Northampton, t.. Summit co., O. Pop. 963. North and South Akron, t., Summit co., O. Pop. 1,665. Northern Liberties, (incorporated and un- incorporated,) Philadelphia co.. Pa. Pop. 37,806. (See Philadelphia.) Northeast, t.. Orange co., la. Pop. 1,027. North Fork, t., Newton co.. Mo. Pop. 177. North Fork, t., Taney co.. Mo. Pop. 357. North Shenango, t., Crawford co., Pa. Pop. 1,210. Northwest, t.. Orange co., la. Pop. 901. North Woodbury, t., Bedford co.. Pa. Pop. 1,994. North, t., Harrison co., O. Pop. 1,086. O. Ohio, t., Monroe co., O. Pop. 908. Old River, t., Arkansas co.. Ark. Pop. 281. Old River, t., (Jhicot co.. Ark. Pop. 454. Olympus, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 96. Orange, t., Columbia co., Pa. Pop. 833. Orange, t., Carroll co., O. Pop. 1,528. Orange, t., Delaware co., O. Pop. 789. Orange, t., Richland co., O. Pop. 1,840. Orange, t.. Rush co., la. Pop. 1,499. Oregon, t., Lucas co., O. Pop. 264. Osage, t.. Miller co.. Mo. Pop. 297. Osage, t., Morgan co.. Mo. Pop. 654. Osage, t. Van Buren co., Mo. Pop. 307. Osiito.mo, t., Kalamazoo county, Mich. Pop. 310. Ottowa, t., Oceana co., Wich. Pop. 190. Ottovva, t., Putnam CO., O. Pop. 690. Otter Creek, t., Ripley co., la. Pop. 941. Otter Creek, t., Wayne co.. Mo. Pop. 425. Owen, t., Saline co.. Ark. Pop. 481. P. Palmyra, t.. Pike co.. Pa. Pop. 300. Parker, t., Butler co., O. Pop. 1,364. Peebles, t., Alleghany co.. Pa. Pop. 1,820. Pemisco, t.. New Madrid co.. Mo. Pop. 278. Pendleton, t., St. Francis co.. Mo. Pop. 387 Penn, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 336. Pen.n, t.. Union co.. Pa. Pop. 2,280. Perry, t., Logan co., O. Pop. 1,014. Perry, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 1,061. Perry, t.. Noble co., la. Pop. 464. Perry, t.. Stark co., O. Pop. 2,209. Perry, t., St. Francis co.. Mo. Pop. 977. - Peru, t.. Pike co., Mo. Pop. 1,178. Pettis, t., Macon co.. Mo. Pop. 384. Philadelphia, county. Pa. Situated in tho s. E. part of the state, and contains 120 square miles. The surface is gently undulating ; soil, productive. Delaware r. runs on its e. border. Drained by Schuylkill river, and Poquessing, Pennypack, Frankford, Darby, and other creeks. These streams, especiall y the Schuylkill, afford good water power. Capital, Philadelphia. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,988, sheep 2,781, swine 13,132; wheat 66,987 bushels produced, rye 23,500, Ind. corn 165,834, buckwheat 14,340, barley 2,178, oats 140,053, potatoes 249,817, silk cocoons 2,294 pounds ; 186 commercial and 63 commission houses, cap. $2,119,501 ; 2,078 stores, capital $17,385,993; 60 lumber yards, capital $1,232,000 ; 16 fulling m., 29 woollen fac, 45 cotton fac. 40,862 sp., 32 dyeing and printing establishments, 10 tanneries, 20 rope fac, 11 dis- tilleries, 19 breweries, 1 glass fac, 7 potteries, 12 sugar refineries, 17 flouring m., 13 grist m., 13 sawm., 1 oil m., 10 paper fac, 47 printing offices, 8 daily, 17 weekly, 7 semi-weekly newspapers, and 26 periodicals. Capital in manufactures, $11,587,668. 5 colleges, 737 students, 130 acad. 8,897 students, 248 sch. 16,212 scholars. Pop. 258,037. Pike, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 676. Pike, t.. Potter co.. Pa. Pop. 139, Pike, t.. Union co., la. Pop. 1,587. Pine Grove, t., Warren co.. Pa. Pop. 1,385. Pink, t., Wayne co.. Pa. Pop. 1,610. Pittstown, t., Luzerne co., Pa. Pop. 1,110. SAL 751 VAN Plain, t., Wood co., O. Pop. 273. Pl.\tte, t., Buchanan co., Mo. Pop. 462. Pleasant, t., Marion co., 3Io. Pop. 1,414. Pleasant, t., Steuben co., la. Pop. 356. Plymouth Grant, t., Aroostook co., Me. Pop. 200. Point, t.. Perry co., la. Pop. 578. Porter, t., Huntingdon co.. Pa. Pop. 879. Poultney, t., Steuben co., N. Y. Pop. 1,784. Prairie, t., Henry co., la. Pop. 1,724. Preble, t., Adams co., la. Pop. 164. Prescott, t., Washington co., Me. Pop. 793. Pushuta, t., Allen co., O. Pop. 768. Pymatuning, t., Mercer co., Pa. Pop. 1,793. R. Racoon, t., Beaver co.. Pa. Pop. 871. Randolph, t., Montgomery co., O. Pop. 1,774. Randolph, t., Tippecanoe co., la. Pop. 991. JiAYsviLLE, Henry co., la. Pop. 246. Recovery, t., Mercer co., O. Pop. 298. Ren.sselaer, t., Wayne co., 3Iich. Pop. 464. Republican, t., Jefferson co., la. Pop. 1,548. Rice, t., Sandusky co., O. Pop. 385. Richfield, t., Lucas co., O. Pop. 204. Rich Hill, t., Greene co., Pa. Pop. 1,384. Rich Hill, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 1,424. Richland, t., Marion co., O. Pop. 1,147. Richland, t., Putnam co., O. Pop. 388. Richland, t., Fountain co., la. Pop. 2,048. Richland, t., Steuben co., la. Pop. 141. Richland, t., Morgan co.. Mo. Pop. 1,021. Richland, t., Scott co.. Mo. Pop. 523. Richmond, t., Ashtabula co., O. Pop. 384. Richmond, t., Howard co.. Mo. Pop. 2,642. Rich Wood.s, t.. Miller co.. Mo. Pop. 370. Rich Woods, t., Washington co., Mo. Pop. 857. Ridgeville, t., Lorain co., O. Pop. 818. Riley, t., Oxford co., Me. Pop 51. Riley, t., Sandusky co., O. Pop. 426. Riley, t., Putnam co., O. Pop. 658. Ripley, t., Montgomery co., la. Pop. 950. Ripley, t.. Rush co., la. Pop. 1,922. RiSDON, t., Hancock co., O. Pop. 27. Rivers, t., Jackson co., Mich. Pop. 400. Roanoke, t., Randolph co., Ark. Pop. 308. RoARK, t.. Gasconade co., 31o. Pop. 727. Robinson, t., Washington co.. Pa. Pop. 860. Rochester, t., Lorain co., O Pop. 487. Rock, t., Jefferson co.. Mo. Pop. 755. Rock Creek, t., Bartholomew co., la. Pop. 685. RocKFORD, t., Caldwell co.. Mo. Pop. 746. Rocky Fork, t., IJooue co.. Mo. Pop. 1,697. Ross, t., Kalamazoo co., Mich. Pop. 386. RossviLLE, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 160. Round Grove, t., Mariim co.. Mo. Pop. 911. Round Prairie, t., Callaway co., Mo. Pop. 1,019 RoxBURY, t., Washington co., O. Pop. 1,086. Rundle, t., Cape Girardeau co., 3Io. Pop. 580. Rush, t.. Centre co.. Pa. Pop. 317. ^ Rush Creek, t, Logan co., O. Pop. 1,0//. Rush, t., Schuylkill co.. Pa. Pop. 370. S. Sabine, t., Saline co., Ark. Pop. 907. Salem, t., fiercer co., O. Pop. 579. Salem, t., Warren co., O. Pop. 2,958. Saline, t.. Cooper co., iMo. Pop. 1,227. Saline, t.. Miller co., Mo. Pop. 489. Saline, t., St. Genevieve co., Mo. Pop. 510. Saling, t., Audrain co., Mo. Pop. 209. Salt Pond, t., Saline co.. Mo. Pop. 585. Salt River, t.. Pike co., Mo. Pop. 316. Salt River, t., Ralls co.. Mo. Pop. 942. Sand Creek, t., Bartholomew co., la. Pop. 1,003. Sandstone, t., Jackson co., Mich. Pop. 654. St. Ferdinand, t., St. Louis co., Mo. Pop. 3,079. St. Franci.s, t., St. Francis co., Mo. Pop. 983. St. Francis, t., Wayne co., Mo. Pop. 662. St. James, t., Scott co.. Mo. Pop. 298. St. Johns, t., Franklin co.. Mo. Pop. 1,908. St. Johns, t.. New Madrid co.. Mo. Pop. 580. St. Joseph, t., Allen co., la. Pop. 227, St. JjOuis, t., St. Louis co.. Mo. Pop. 8,116. St. Michael, t., Madison co.. Mo. Pop. 1,518. Scott, t.. Brown co., O. Pop. 1,101. Scrubgrass, t., Venango co.. Pa. Pop. 1,076. Sharon, t., Richland co., O. Pop. 1,675. Shawnee, t., Allen co., O. Pop. 439. Sheffield, t., Tippecanoe co., la. Pop. 1,524. Shelby, t., Polk co.. Mo. Pop. 451. Shippen, t., Tioga co., Pa. Pop. 192. Smith, t., Barry co.. Mo. Pop. 1,799. South Fort, t., Monroe co.. Mo. Pop. 731. South River, t., Marion co.. Mo. Pop. 744. South Strabane, t., Washington co.. Pa. Pop. 1,075. South Woodbury, t., Bedford co.. Pa. Pop. 1,950. Spencer, t., Pike co.. Mo. Pop. 837. Spencer, t., Ralls co.. Mo. Pop. 1,087. Springfield, t., Allen co., la. Pop. 110, Springfield, t., Jefferson co., O. Pop. 1,077. Springfield, t., Lucas co., O. Pop. 443. Springfield, t., Ross co., O. Pop. 1,063. Springfield, t.. Rives co.. Mo. Pop. 453. Spring Prairie, t., Walworth co., Wis. Pop. 531. Spring Yard, t., Barry co.. Mo. Pop. 1,032. Sugar Creek, t., Shelby co., h 1 op. 1,043. Sugar Creek, t., Barry co., iVIo. Pop. 810. Sugar Creek, t., Newton co.. Mo. Pop. 280. Sugar Creek, t., Benton co.. Ark. Pop. 460. Sugar Loaf, t., Crawford co.. Ark. Pop. 213. Sugar Loak, t.. Van Buren co.. Ark. Pop. 77. Sugar Tree Botto.m, t., Carroll co., 3Io. Pop. 321. Sully, t., Marion co., O. Pop. 870. Surrounded Hill, t., 3Ionroe co., Ark. Pop. 105. Sweet Home, t., Clark co., Mo. Pop. 249. T. Turrut, t., Juniata co.. Pa. Pop. 1,319. U. Union, Union, Union 1,241. Union, Unio.v, Union, I.'nion, Union, Union, Unio.v. Upper Pop. 545. t., Tioga CO., Pa. Pop. 288. t., Washington co., O. Pop. 888. and Perry, Vanderburgh co., la. Pop. t.. Cape Girardeau co.. Mo. Pop. 769. t., Lincoln co., 3Io. Pop. 1,188. t., INIarion co.. Mo. Pop. 1,002. t., Monroe co., 3Io. Pop. 737. t., St. (ienevieve co., Mo. Pop. 266. t.. Saline co.. Mo. Pop. 152. t., Wasiiington co.. Mo. Pop. 1,317. Loutre, I., Montgomery co.. Mo. V. Vallee, t., Jefferson co., 3Io. Pop. 584. Van Bure.n. t., Grant co., la. Pop. 174. WAY 752 ZAN Van BuREN, t., Polk CO., Mo. Pop. 511. Velmont, t., Arkansas co., Ark. Pop. 283. Vernon, t., Richland co., O. Pop. 1,084. Vernon, t., Shiawassee co., Mich. Pop. 373. Vineyard, t., Barry co., Mo. Pop. 567. W. Walker, t., Juniata co.. Pa. Pop. 1,423. Walker, t. Rush co., la. Pop. 1,032. Waltham, t., Hancock co.. Me. Pop. 321. Washington, t., Lycoming co., Pa. Pop. 1,829. Washington, t.. Union co.. Pa. Pop. 1,135. Washington, t., Logan co., O. Pop. 517. Washington, t., Warren co., O. Pop. 1,306. Washington, t., Independence co.. Ark. Pop. 348. Waterville, t., Grafton co., N. H. Pop. 63. Wawatosa, t., Milwaukie co.. Wis. Pop. 342. Wayne, t., Armstrong co.. Pa. Pop. 1,875. Wayne, t., Scioto co., O. Pop. 1,844. Wayne, t., Wayne co., O. Pop. 1,843. Wayne, t., Tippecanoe co., la. Pop. 1^1. West Pike Run, t., Washington co., Pa. Pop. 947. West Providence, t., Bedford co., Pa. Pop. 1,643. White, t., Benton co., Mo. Pop. 228. White, t., Sevier co.. Ark. Pop. 166. Whitefield, t., Indiana co.. Pa. Pop. 1,664. White Oak, t., Franklin co.. Ark. Pop. 795. Willsborough, t., Tioga co.. Pa. Pop. 369. Wolf, t., Lycoming co., Pa. Pop. 786. Y. Yellow Creek, t., Linn co., Mo. Pop. 388. York, t., Lucas co., O. Pop. 435. Young, t., Indiana co.. Pa. Pop. 1,116. Young, t, Jefferson co., Pa. Pop. 1,321. Z. Zane, t., Logan co., O. Pop. 1,02L JOST FUBLISHED BY SHERMAN & SMITH, A NEW AND ELEGANT MAP OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, .. " ENGRAVED ON STEEL; Projected on a scale of 24: miles to the inch — size about six feet ly seven; Showing accurately and minutely the boundaries of States, Counties, and Town- ships ; the courses of Rivers and Streams, Canals, Railways, Stage and Post Roads ; the position of Cities, Towns, and Villages, Lakes, Mountains, «&c. The Meridian and Township lines of the United States' Surveys. The various internal improve- ments, with such other information as is usually delineated on Maps of the most finished description. The whole compiled from the United States' Surveys, the Sur- veys of the several States, and other most authentic sources. By J. Calvin Smith, Geographer. PRICE TEN DOLLARS. For sale wholesale and retail by Sherman & Smith, 122 Broadway, cor. Cedar-st, New Yokk. f •,r>:-j,i:. .:.:.:.! !»■)[: r LIBRARY OF CONGRESS II 011 271 991 A