S" ;:': ■:;.: li '- u A' •"J- ^ -V c. A^- ^. ^" A-V ,x^ ■J. '-■■ •-'.- A- ..■ 0^ A>' •/• .0 ^ . ■A " ' ,A- \' .^^■ r.'. ,n\ ■^. c^' -/- "'''/ V^' ^^^ -. \' .c^ A^- '■/•. -V^ V- "- 0> \^ ."• 'Cl ■A- ■^ ^O^ ■■-^^ ,N>^ A' A-V ^ -^z. c^^ ■^ f.t ,\^ ■':■■ ,<>^ \^ .A"-' V^^^ .\ '■>. c--" :: <\^ ^^' 'J- v-- \' \ \' ■■:s .^V' vV ,. ■A' ■/■ ,.\ ,A^\ ■0 \-l ^ 1 1 , VIEW OF LODGE HOUSE FROWI NORTH-EASTERN POSITION. H I S T O R Y T nlictnm Rational femeter]), ■J INCLUDING A DESCiaPTIVE LIST OF ALL THE LOYAL SOLDIERS BURIED THEREIN TOGETHER WITH THE CEREMONIES AND ADDRESS ON THE OCCASION OF THE DEDICATION OF THE GROUNDS, SEPTEMBER, 17th, 1867. BALTIMORE JOHN W. WOODS, STEAM PRINTER, No. 12 South-st., over Far. and Plant. Bank. 1869. Gift Eleanor Wyllys Allan June 21, 1938 c OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE i i I ^U BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF J r 'Inttdatt! fiiiti innn f f llvcsibcnt. GIBSON L. CRANMER, AVlieeling, W. Ya. l)tcc-|h-rsibcut. Gen. EDWARD SHRIVER, Frederick, Md. ^ctrc(:u-n :tnb (Trcnsurcr. THOMAS A. BOULLT, Hagerstown, Md. (L-vcciilibc Commtttcc. J. H. B. LATROBE, Chairman, ••JOHN J. BAGLEY, HENRY EDWARDS. (LHiural ^upfrintcnbcat. AUGUSTIN A. BIGGS, M. D. lUcpcr of Ibc Crinctcrn. HIRAM S. SI ESS. (Trustees. Maj. Gen. H. W. SLOCUM, New York. '' " EDW'D SHRIVER, Maryland. JNO. n. B. LATROBE, Hon. R. B. CARMICHAEL, THOMAS A. BOULLT, Hon. JAMES G. BLAL\E, Maine. Col. AV. YATES SELLECK, Wisconsin. GIBSON L. CRANMER, W. Virginia. HENRY EDWARDS. Massachusetls. Gen. E. a. CARMAN, New Jersey. CoL. GORDON LOFLAND, Ohio. Hon. ALEX. RAMSAY, Minnesota. JOHN J. BAGLEY, Michigan. >[aj. WILLIAM ROUNDS, Vermont. JFaj. Gen. JA^. S. NEGLEY, Penn'a. Hon. H. D. WASHBURNE, Indiana. B. L.APHAM, Rhode Island. Hon. HY. H. STARKWEATHER, Conn. TRUSTEES WHO ITAVK DIKI), IMvSK LN'RD, OK BEIiN APPOlNTEn SINCE THE ORGAX- IZATION OF THE BOAKK. MARYLAND. THOMAS A. liOCLLT, oriyiiial Trustee nnnied in riiarier : term expired JanuaiT 1st, 18<;h ; snceeerled by JAMES H. (ii;OVE. AUGUSTIN A. niGGS, M. D., original Trustee named in Charter; fiist President of the Board : term expired January Ist, 1 SG8 ; succeeded by Gkn. CHARLES E. I'HELPS. Gen. EDWAPtI) SJilllVER, original Trustee named in Cliarter ; term expired January lEV, resigned; succeeded by Hdx. HENRY II. STA1;K WEATHER. MASSACHUSETTS. WlLldAM DWIGHT, resigned; succeeded by HIINRV EDW.ARDS. THE /i <■ (1 I mmvi One of the striking iiidieations of civilization aiiolis. The blood of the re(] man and the white man alik'e, have dyed with their crimson Ime, though at distant intervals of time, the waters of the Antietam. Tradition informs us that a juost bloody affair occurred on the Antietam, near its moutli, more than a. century belore the sanguinary conflict between Generals McClellan and Lee, l)e- tween those hostile and warlikt; ti'ibes of savages — the Cataw- bas and Delawares, win.), it is said, were engaged in strife wli to "D" en 6 ibis section of the country was first known, and they so con- tinned loi' ;i long period sniisequent. This event, to wliich we h'l'iv niuhe I'eterenee, occurred sometime between tlie years 17o0 and 1736. The evid.ences of this conflict are still appa- rent in the skeletons wliirh froiu time to time are exhumed. Tlie tew ixirlicuLus we have been able to a'lean concei'nino- it. are as t'olluws: It seems that the Delawares had made an incursion far to the South, and in returning had committed some u-ross ontrae-es and Hae-rant wrongs on the Catawbas, and on tlii-ir r(4i'eat tlicy wore overtaken near the mouth of the Aiitietam l:)y the exa8i)erated Oatawljas, when a teri-ihle con- flict ensued hetween tlioni, which resulted in putting to death evei-y man of the formei- tribe, with the exception of one, wlio escaped after the battle was over. But it was only for a time. Everv warrior among the Catawbas showed a scalp ■witli the exception of one. He felt this to be a disgrace which his sen- sitive iiature could not brook, and he instantly set out in }>ur- suit of the fugitive, and, with the sagacity of a bloodliound, ti-acked Idm across mountain, hill and stream, lor a hundred miles, until he overtook him on the Busquelianna rivei', when he kill(Ml and scalped him, showing his scalp in triumpli to the whites whom he met as he was returniufr. Tims Antietam is a historic name in our annals, rendered so by the memories and associations of the j)ast and the present. The Ijattle on this spot tor the pre-ervalion C'f the Union, whilst it was one of the most indecisive of the war, was also one of the hard(^st loiiglit and most sangumarv. From fifteen to tweiitv thousand li\'(>s W(M'e laa'c satM'iticed to the Moloch of war.. The sn-eiiteeiith day of September, A. D., 3862, the date of the l)attl(.', will ever remain memorable in the annals oi' our history. Vov da.\'s and we(d\S subsequent to the b;ittle, the stench arisiiie- from the tield was so powerful th.at the suiTounding atmosphere was heavily tainted bv the eflluvia which ema- nated from the ell'ete and decaying matter. In the confusion incident to a u'reat ftattle after its cessation, witli a retreating enemy in front, the Ijodies had in many in- stances been hurried into a shallow trench, and a few sliovel- fal^i of earth, hastily heaped over them, served the purposes of interm(.nit, while the carcasses of horses partly consumed, or charred by the fire, were profusely scattered over the field. Although the remains of many of those who had fallen in the battles and skirmishes preceding this bloody conflict had been decently interred in the hospital graveyards, and their names had been properly recorded, still many of the slain buried on this spot were entirely unknown, and owing to the necessarily hasty and imperfect manner in wdiich they had lieen interred, their bones, in numerous instances, were up- ro()t('d by the swine or overturned by the plouglishare and lei't to bleach upon tlie surface of tlie ground which liad been con- secrated by the lieroism of their deeds and the prowess of their arms. Humanity required that duty, delayed already too long, should take action in some shape, and to the Hon. Lewis P. FiREY, a member of the Senate of Maryland, and a resident of AYasliinL-'ton countv, belouus the honor of, officially, first takin" the necessary steps towards the practical inauguration of the idea of establishing the present Cemetery. At. its session in 1864, this gentleman introduced a resolu- tion into the Senate of Maryland, appointing a joint committee, consisting of three members on the part of the Senate and an ecjual number on the part of the House, "to inquire into the propriety of purchasing, on behalf of the State, a portion of the battle-field of Antietam, not exceeding twenty acres, for the purposes of a State and ISlational Cemetery, in which the Ijodies of our heroes who fell in that great struggle and are now bleaching in the upturned furrows, may be gathered for a decent burial, and their memories embalmed in some suitable memorial." It was but a few days after the appointment of the commit- tee, that they visited in person the battle-field, and after mak- in'j- a careful survev, selected that most eligible and beautiful. 8 site where the National Cciiictorv is now located. At the same time they nhlaiiud from the proprietor of the hind a positive offer of sale on favorable terms. Upon their return to Annapolis, in their report to the Gene- ral Assembly, they recommended the ])urcliase of ten acres of the ground for the uses and purposes ol" a State and National Cemetery. The General Assembly of the State, acquiescing in the views and approving the recommendation of the committee, subse- quently, on the tenth of March, 1(S64, unanimously passed ati Act by which was appropriated the sum of five thousand dol- lars, to be placed in the hands of the Governor, to be applied to the purchase and enclosure of a portion of the battle-field, not exceeding ten acres, and authorizing him to appoint an agent to superintend the work of enclosing the Cemetery, and of exhuming the bodies of deceased soldiers of Maryland and New York, and other States, if required, and providing that those who fell in the army of General Lee should l)e buried in a separate portion of the Cemetery from that, designed for tliose who fell under General McClellan. In accordance with the provisions of the foregoing Act, Gov. Bradford, in company with several other gentlemen, visited Sharpsburg on an a})[»ointed day, for the purpose of making the purchase aforesaid, and the Governor contracted for ten acres, at the sum of one hundred dollars per acre. But some time after the conclusion of the contract, it was ascertained that the title to the land was defective, on account of tlie disability of one of the parties interested in the land, who was confined in the lunatic asylum in Staunton, Virginia. The war still being in progress, it \va,s impossible to ascerbim whether this party was livino- at the time of the makino; of the contract or nor, and it was not until the close of the war tliat the title was perfected. The property, moreover, was owned by heirs liv- ing in different States, and hence an additional cause of delay, as it recpiired some time to obtain a deed from persons scattered in different portions of the Union. These facts account satis- 9 factorily for the delay iinavoi'lably occasioned in tlie enclosure of tfie grounds and the removal of the dead. The State of New York was designated by name in the Act, because shortly after the battle, tlirough her State agent, who visited tlie field to attend and minister to the wants and neces- sities of the troops from that State engaged in the battle, an active and earnest sympathy was manifested in behalf of the accomplishment of the objects and purposes of the Act, and an offer of State co-operation was also tendered at this stage of the incipient measures taken for the success of the contem- plated undertaking. The Act of 1864, however, having been found to contain no practicable provisions for the establishment of a National Cemetery, and nothing having been accomplished under it, save the selection of the present site, it was deemed advis;d,»le to repeal it and to secure the passage of another better adapted to the desired end. Hence, subsequent legislation upon the subject was had at the session of the General Assemljly held in the winter ot" 1865, when the present act of ine(»rporation was passed. The patron of the bill, Colonel E. F. Axderson, of Baltimore, a memf»ei' of the House of Delegates from AVash- ington county, Maryland, reported it to that body about the middle of the session, l:)y which it was |.)assed on the twentieth day of March of the last named year, and also by the Senate on the twenty-third of the same month, without a dissenting vote m either brancli. In the body of the Act the following persons were named as trustees for the State of Maryland, to wit: Augustine A. BiGCis, Thomas yV. Boullt, Edward Shriver and Cpiarles C. Fulton, gentlemen who, amid all the trials, delays and diffi- culties ever attending such an enterprise, have never for a mo- ment pernjitted themselves to be swerved from the patriotic discharge of the duty devolved Uj)on them, and to whose ear- nestness, faithfulness and attention the success of the object had m view is in no small degree mdebted. These gentlemen, thus constituted the Board of local Ti'us- 10 tees, held tluMr first meeting on the 25tli day of May, A. D. 1865, in Hagerstown, Maryland, and at once proceeded to organize ])V the election of Dr. A. A. IjIGOS, as President, and Thomas A. Boullt, as Secretary and Treasurer. On the day following its organization, the Board, in its official capacity, visited the grounds and personally inspected them. The result of this visit and inspection, was the adoption of a resolution by the Board, authorizing the President to purchase additional ground on the east side of the land ah'eady con- tracted for, consisting of about one aci"e and a quarter, with a view of throwinir out a ravine on the west side, which would add greatly to the expense of the preparation of the grounds if retained within the enclosure, and a[)|)ropriating it as a kitchen garden i'or the use of tlie keeper of the Cemetery, when such an on.e should Ije thereafter selected Ijv the Board. Thf? pur- chase was accordingly made, and thereby the grounds enclosed for the burial of tlie dead have been more advantageously im- proved than they could have been had not this additional pur- chase have been made, and also an economy secured in the avoidance of a heavy expense. At this same meeting the initiatory steps were taken to secure a list of the names of the dead, and to make a registry of the location of the gra-ves. In the attainment of this de- sirable and important (^l)ject, Aakon Good, Esq. and Josi.;pii A. Gmi,, r(_'sidents of Sharpsburg, Washington county, Maryland, living in the vicinity of the battle-field, luvl in a measure woi'thilv anticipated the action of the Board, and with a commendaltle zeal had, immetliately aftei' the l)a1tle, devoted their tinn:' and etlorts to this truly humane and [praiseworthy undertaking, with a, success which had r-'sulted in the collection of a. large nundier of namc'S and a earchdly prepared register ot the IncatidU of various gi-a-ves which were scattered over a large seelion of country luih-s in t'xtent, and whicli called for, on their part, great dis(a-imination, patience and perseverance to accomplish. It would ln' impossible, were we so disposed, to withhold ii'om these u'entlemen that cheerful recoiiuition of 11 their inestimable services in this behalf, to which the merit of their work so justly entitles them. The signal services ren- dered l_»y tliem were of sucli a character as to reheve this por- tion of the work of a great insurmountable burden under a ditibrcnt state of circumstances. The difficulties besettino- them in the discovery of the names of the deceased were fre- quently solved by letters, receij:»ts, diaries, memorandum books, photographs, or marks on the belts or cartridge boxes. Sometimes a soiled and crumpled letter found on the body, its characters scarcely decijjlierable on the well-worn and tear- stained page, would indicate tlie name, or the tctrn shi'ed of an old handlcercliief, or a, ragged ])it'ce of garment on which had been wrought, by loving ones at home, the name of the de- parted. At other times the name of the dead was ascertained by diligent inquiiy among his surviving comrades, by |)ersonal inspection on their part, or by the general description of liis ap]:»<,\irance and features, or by some well known scar whicli marked him. j\Iany and diversified were the ways and means I'csorted to for identification, and it is astonishing with what success and certainty, in molete the list which he had connnenced, by going over the battle-field and making careful notes of all the information he could obtain, admonish- in ir him at the same time to be as accurate as circumstances would justify or permit. Under the |)rovisions of tins last named Act, it was, among other things, pi'ovided, that the grounds so purchased as afore- said, were to be held by the State of Maryland, in fee simple, 1 o ill trust tor all tlie States tliat should ],)articipate as therein inentiouoil, and thai the saiii" should be devoted in perpetuity for the purpose of the burial and Hnal restin_L;- place of the re- mains of the soldiers who fell at the battle of Autietam, or at other ])oiiits north of the PotoiiuK* river, during the invasion of Lo ', in the summer and fall of the voar 1862, or who died thereafter in consequence of wounds receivi'd in said batth^s, or during said invasion ; and that tlie gr<_)unds and ]iro[)f:'rtv of said Cemetery should 1)0 forever free from the levy of any State, county or muiiieiiial taxes, and that the corporation thus formed should be released and exempted from the pavment of any tax or taxes whatever that might Ije imposed by the then existing laws at tin; time of the passage of the Act. Strict provisions were also in(_'or[)orated to prevent the mutilation or deficenieiit of the tombstones and monuments, or the destruc- tion or spoliation of the trees or shrubbery contained in the enclosure. Uinler the liberal ])i'o\-isions of this generous charter the trustees, upon their orgajii/,a.ti(.)n, proceeded at (.)nce actively and energetically to the discharge of the sacred duties which devol\'e(l n])Oii them, by ma1ught 1"' o best to reject all the proposals, wliidi was clone at a subsequent meeting of the Board, under a resolution to that effect. For the accomplishment of as much work as possible with tlie limited means at tlie disposal of the Trustees, and to avoid tlie danger of improper expenditure ( f the funds in tlie hands of agents and contractors, wlio might have been interested only to the extent of their profits, it was determined to place the business and the general supervision of affairs in tlie hands of the President, Dr. A. A. BiGOS, who at tlie same time was appoiu.ted general superintendent, with inwtructions to proceed at once with the grading and the (piarrying of the necessarv stone for the walls, for tlie lime, and to arrange for the copino- stone, and to perform all other acts towards the accomplish- ment of the duties imposed upon the Trustees as in his judg- ment he miglit deem necessar3\ The Superintendent at onco entei'cd upon the discharge of his duties by employing a large force, })rincipally honorably discharged Union soldiers, to open the quairicsand prepare the stone for the wall, at the same time that a similar force was engaged in removing the surfac(> st^one fi'oin the Cemeteiy grounds, which being unfit for tlie wall or to be burnt into lime, was, however, valuable lor the i'oundation and for filling the inside of the raised part of the wall. Up to this period of time Ijut few of the States interested had become fully awakened to the importance of this great work, and the duty wdiicli they owed in the premises. Their means, their efforts and tlieir attention had all been directed to the pendency of the great national struggle for existence, so, that it w\as not l;)y reason of any indifforence on their part, or lack of interest in the sacred objects of the Association, ilmch less any desire to shirk the duty wdiich their sense of patriotism doubtless recognized. But the echoes of the late conflict were still sounding in their ears, and the confusion engendered Ijv tlieir recent participation therein, prevented them from promptly engaging in the work until tlie subject was brought to their at- tention, nnder a resolution of the Board to the effect that circu- 14 lar letters be addressed to the Governors of the respective States interested in the Cemetery, nri;-in7 feet iron fence, on front line, at '^o j>er ft. 2,391 00 For blai-ksmithiiig, - - - - - 500 00 For iron clamjis and lead for coping, - - 420 00 Amount carried forward, $ 83,036 00 J5 Amount brought forward, $83,036 00 For pointing wall, outside and inside, at 12 cents per percli, ----- 31(3 go For contingent expenses, - - - - 2,500 00 Amount already expended for work and ma- terials, - - - $5,200 00 Cash p'aid for ground, - 1,1G1 75 Balance on hand, Md. ap^iro'n, 638 25 SS5,852 32 ,000 00 Amount yet required to complete the work, $78,852 32 The above estimate was based upon the number of dead who fell in the battle of Antietam, according to the terms and pi'ovisions of the charter, but is not applicable to the altered circumstances as they now exist. At the suggestion of the Quartermaster General, all those who fell and were buried in the counties of Washington, Frederick and Allegheny, Mary- land, were removed to this Cemetery, so thai this amount should be understood by the reader with this qualification. U]) to the present time the only fuiids which had been ap- pro] iriated to the iDurposes of the Cemetery, were seven thous- and dollars by the State of Maryhmd, neai'ly all of which had been exhausted in the work ah'eady performed, and wdnch would be entirely expended in a few weeks more. ^ In connection with the estimated amount rec^uired to com- plete the Cemetery, at the same time the following apportion- ment was calculated for, and set to each state interested, as its cjuota, corresponding to the number of its Represeiitati\'es, in the House of Representatives of the United States, which ap- portionment w^as made under the eighth section of the Law of Maryland, passed March 23d, 1865, incorporating the Antie- tam National Cemetery, which reads as follows : Section 8. Be it enacted, that the expenses incident to the removal of the dead, enclosing and ornamenting the Cemetery, and all the work connected therewith, and its future mainte- nance, shall be apportioned among the states connecting them- selves with the corporation, according to their population, as 16 inrlicated by tlieir representation in tlie House of Ptepresenta- tives of the United States. New York, 31 Representatives, $17,281 88 Indiana, 11 " 6,132 28 Connecticut 4 " 2,229 92 ^Maryland, 5 " 2,787 40 New Jersey 5 " 2,787 40 Illinois....; 14 " 7,804 72 Minnesota, 2 " 1,114 96 Maine, 5 " 2,787 40 fR. Island 2 " 1,114 96 Ronnsylvania, 24 " 13,379 52 Ohio,..' 19 " 10,592 12 Wisconsin, 6 " 3,344 88 Michigan, 6 " 3,344 88 Vermont, 3 " 1,672 44 Delaware, 1 " 557 48 AV. Virginia, 3 " 1,672 44 N. Hampshire,, 3 " 1,672 44 Massachusetts, 10 " 5,574 80 It is ifratifvinir to be able to reconl the fact, that there has jn been a large saving in tlie estimated amount, which was deem- ed necessary to be expended for labor and materials in the com- pletion of the work, wliich is due, in great part, to the ever vigilant and watchful care and economy practiced by the Su- perintendont, who gave to the work during its progress his un- divided attention. The approju'iations made by the different states amount to the sum of $62,229 77, which has been so judiciously expended as to do an amount of work, which at low estimates, it was deemed would require the expenditure of $85,852 32. Although the apportionment of Maryland, as will be seen by reference to the foregoing table, was $2,787 40, yet her a|tpro}»riation was, under the act of 1865, $7000. Subse- quentlv the legislature, at its extra session in January, A. D. 1866, voted imanimously the additional appropriation of $8000, thus making the sum altogether appropriated by her, to amount *Ai)i)ropriatcd 97,000. f-^PPropriated $1,000. 17 to the sum of $15,000. During this winter appropriatiiins from otlier States were made, so that the amount of funds appropriated to the 1st day of August, A. D. 1866, amounted in round mimbers to $30,000. Other States interested con- tinued, from time to time, to make their appropriations, so that the treasury has, ever since 1866, been in a condition to promptly discharge all its financial obligations, and to leave a surplus therein. AVhilst in one or two instances a State has failed to make the full amount of its appropriation to correspond to its appor- tionment, and in three instances no appropriation whatever has been made ; in another instance the generous liberality of one has more than compensated for the deficiencies in the form- er. Doubtless, were it found necessary for the States referred to, to supply the deficiencies in the apportionment of their respective amounts, they w^ould unhesitatingly and cheerfullv do so. In the instances referred to where three States have failed entirely to make any appropriation, we believe the rea- son, in some degree, arises from the small number of dead from these States, who fell in this battle. And yet it would seem that a feeling of state pride, and a patriotic o-ratitude to her brave defenders, W'Ould have prompted her to have Liid on the altar of a common country, sucli an offering as would assist in the preservation of the memory of her heroic dead, wdietlier they be few or many. But no invidious discrimina- tion has marked the motives or feelings of the Board, and the remains of the soldiers from all the loyal States, alike, without distinction, have received the same decent sepulture and atten- tion at its hands. The whole number of bodies interred in the Cemetery amount to four thousand six hundred and sixty-seven, a num- ber exceeding those interred in the Gettysburg Cemetery by one thousand one hundred and three — the number of those buried in the latter being three thousand five hundred and sixty-four. The removal of the dead was commenced in October, 18G6 2 18 by iJie United States Burial Corps, detailed by the General Governrnent for the purpose, under tlie superintendence of Lieutenant Jonx W. Sheeee, and they continued their work until January, 1867, when, by reason of the severity of tlie weather, operations in that department were stopped. Tliere had been removed up to that time about three th.ousand bodies. They resuTxied work in A))ril, 18G7, and finished their work in August of the same year. The h^cal Trustees did not confine tiieir action to the removal of the dead who fell at the battle of Antietam, but deemed it proper, at tlie suggestion of the authorities at Wasliington, to I'omove all the Federal dead wlio iiad been buried in Washington, Alleghany and Frederick counties, Maryland, believing that course to be in accordance with the patriotic spirit with which the appropriations were made for the estafjlishment of the Cemetery. They were exliumt'd, placed in coffins, and delivered to the Superin- tendent, who buried them at tlie expense of the Association. In the burial of the dead every coffin was numbered, and a corresponding number entered in a book kept for this purpose, with the name, companv, regiment and State, when they could be ascertained, so that, at any time, by reference to tlie records, tlu! location of any grave can at once be found. The dead were buried under the immediate supervision and eye of tlie President, who held the tape line over every coffin de- posited, and entered the name, number and company in his field-book, before any eartli was replaced. By his record, therefore, any bodv can be identified at any time, when called for. The trenches for the reception of the bodies are six feet in width and three feet in depth, one-third of which are quarried (nit of solid rock, which, to a great extent, underlies the ground of the Cemetery and the surrounding country. Two feet are allowed for each body. The coffins containing the bodies were furnished free of chara'e, throuo;h the cenerositv of the General Government. A peculiarity characteristic of this Cemetery, and whicl) 19 should be here mentioned, is, that a person occupying a posi- tion in the centre of the grounds, with his face turned to any point of the compass, can, with a good field glass, read the inscription on every head-board contained therein. As yet no uniform character of head and foot-stones have been adopted by the Board, but a general plan for marking all the graves in a proper and suitable manner will, in a short period, be decided upon, when the present temporary and imperfect stones, and monuments erected by friends, will be removed. At a meeting held in September, 1866, a design for an iron fence and gateway for the front line of the grounds was agreed upon, and, according to the instruction of the Board, a contract was made witli Messrs. Robert AYood & Co., of Philadelphia, for a wrought iron fence, at six dollars per foot, and also for the gateway, at a cost of $ 880. It is substantial as well as ornamental, and its entire length is six hundred and six feet, eiglit inches witliout the gateway, which latter is twenty-six feet in width — sufficiently capacious to admit vehicles to pass each other in their ingress and egress. A massive stone wall surrounds other portions of the grounds, of which it can be said in truth, that no more solid and durable wall has been erected as an enclosure for any other Cemetery in the country. This wall is of a uniform height, on the inside of five feet, including the coping, and varying on the outside from the height last named to ten and fifteen feet, owing to the unevenness of the surrounding ground, which is rolling and broken in its character, as were the grounds proper before filling up and grading the same. The coping on the wall is two feet five inches in breadth, and eight inches in thickness, and the whole length of the coping, if extended in a straight line, would measure twenty-seven hundred feet — making- it over a half mile in length. The Cemetery itself is located on a gentle rise, from whence a survey of almost the entire battle-field may be enjoyed, while within the scope of the eye's range lies an unobstructed tract of country, miles in extent, taking in the distant South 20 Mountain, memorable as the spot where Lee received his first check during the invasion of Maryland, and which caused him gradually to fall back with his army until it rested on the waters of the Antietam, and made a final stand only to be again defeated. In the far distance also looms up, in their majestic prominence, tlie continuous chain of the so-called Maryland heights, rendered notorious ns the rendezvous of John Brown prior to his raid on Harper's Ferry. But a short distance from the foot of the Cemeterv o-rounds flow the placid waters of Antietam, which gave its name to the conflict here waged, and which will be rendered memorable forever in story and in song. The plan forms witliin the walls of the Cemetery a semi- ellipsis, divided into segments of circles, sections and parallelo- grams of varying size, to correspond with the number of the loyal dead from the different States represented in the battle, and each division is designated by a letter, and each section of graves is numbered in order. That portion of the grounds devoted to tliis purpose begins at a point within about one hundred and thirty feet from the main entrance to the Ceme- tery, thus leaving a large open space between it and the wall, which extends along the line of the Sharpsburg and Boons- boro' pike in front. A main carriage drive, about IGi feet in width, leads from the entrance through the grounds, from which branches in different directions subordinate roads and walks leading to every part of the Cemetery, which are mac- adamized and graveled. The grounds are thoroughly drained by a system of tubing, very complete, and which will prove very valuable in main- taining them in good condition against injury arising from heavy rains. Near the entrance to the Cemetery, and within the en- closure, has been erected a neat and commodious Lodee House, designed for the occupancy of the keeper of the grounds, and the comfort and convenience of visitors. In the centre of the ground plan of the Cemetery is an open 21 space devoted to the erection of a moriument commemorative of the great event of the battle, and tlie heroism of those who sleep at its foot and around it. The design of the monument, which was adopted at a meeting of the Board, held in the citv of Baltimore, on the 16tli day of September, 1867, seems to meet all requirements in a military, national and patriotic point of view. It is the Colossal Statue of an Amei'ican Soldier standing guard over the remains of the loyal dead, and, when completed, will be the largest work of its kind in the country. The estimated cost is thirty thousand dollars. The Statue alone will weigh eighty-six tons. The dedication of the grounds to the sacred purposes ibr which tliey were designed, occurred on the fifth anniversary of the battle — the 17th day of September, 1867 — at which time also was laid the corner stone of the Monument, with a[tpro- priate ceremonies. Througli the sacritices and blood they shed, and the lives they rendered up, the Union has been preserved, our institu- tions are unimpaired, and our Government is strengthened ; therefore should we honor and keep green the memory of the loyal volunteer whose work has been accomplished, and the benefit of whose deeds and prow'ess as a Nation we to-dav enjoy. 90 ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR SWANN. The ceremonies were commenced by Governor Swann, wlio delivered a brief sj^eech, which was cheered at the conclusion, as follows : Fellow Coimtrymcn — Before proceeding with the programme, which has been handed me by the Committee of Arrangements, it seems apj)ro- priate that, as the official organ of the State of Maryland, upon whose soil and with whose hearty co-operation this Cemetery has been founded, I should extend a cordial welcome to His Excellency the President of the United States and his Cabinet, the Governors of our sister States, and the distinguished guests who have come to participate in the ceremonies of this most interesting occasion. During the administration of my immediate predecessor, the first appro- priation was made by the State of Maryland towards establishing a burial place for the dead who fell upon the battle field of Antietam. At a subsequent period, the appropriation thus made having been found inadequate, upon the application of the Commissioners charged with this trust, a further sum was added in response to a communication made by myself to the Legislature in this behalf. Maryland having thus done her share in jiroviding a burial place for these brave and patriotic men, the co-operation of our sister States was invoked to lend their aid in throwing around it a national interest, and the most liberal contributions have been accordingly made by nearly all the States in the removal of their dead, the erection of monuments, and in adding to the attractive- ness of this beautiful spot. The work, so far as it has j^rogressed, is now before you. The Hag which floats over us to-day is the flag of our Union. The if word of battle has been sheathed. The tramp of contending armies, the embittered strife of father against son, and brother against brother, no longer resounds within our bordei-s. The star of this great Republic is again in the ascendant. In the calm sunshine of peace we are here to mingle our teai's with the survivors of the illustrious dead who have sac- rificed their lives for their country, and are sleeping upon this field. May I not, in this solemn hour, invoke the interposition of Almighty God for a speedy restoration of liarmony and brotherly love throughout this broad land ; and that North, South, East and "West, laying aside the 23 animosities of the past, we may stand together hereafter, and in all future time, as one people, having a common origin and bound together by a common destiny ? May this Union be perpetual. Next followed prayer by Rev. Hiram Matison, D. D., of New Jersey. Then the hymn composed by Rev. Edward Meyer, was sung by the assemblage. HYMN I.— Old Hundred. "Aceldama !" Lord, our God, Who evermore dost Israel keei), Watered in tears, baptized in blood, Thou givest our beloved sleep. They came at Freedom's triimiiet call. From hall and cottage, fane and dome, Venturing limb and life, and all For Truth and Right, for hearth and home ! Thousands of heroes bit the dust, Antietam, on thy crimson field ! Thrice armed were they, with cjuarrel just. The Lord their banner, suu and shield. Lift high the granite shaft for all That fell where duty summoned them; Their country's star-gem'd flag their p dl, A Nation's wail their requiem ! Lord ! and shall they live again. These bones, the seed of crimson strife? Thy Spirit breathes upon these slain, And they shall thrill with endless life. In living hope, then, we commit This precious dust, for Freedom giv'n, To thee, till angels gather it, Transfigured, in the urn of Heav'n ! The corner stone of the Monument was then laid according to Masonic rites. 24 PROGRAMME OF CEREMONIES OF ^^ncient; FroD and. ^^cceptetl B^asans TU BE OBSERVED ON THE OCCASION OF LAYING TPIE CORNER-STONE OF THE M O N U M E N T AT THE ANTIETAM NATIONAL CEMETERY, AT SHARPSBURG, MD. Tuesday-, September 17tli, A. L., 5867, W/tich will be laid hy Host Worshipful JOHN CO A TES, Grcmd Master of the Grand Lodge of Md. Tlie various Masonic Bodies will meet at Keedysville, on Tuesday ]\Iorning, 17tli September, at IO2 o'clock, where they wall be formed into line by the Grand Marshal, assisted by his De^Duty Grand Marshals, {Purple jS'ashes and W/u'tc Posettes,) in the order named below, and be prepared to take their places in the jirocession on the arrival of the M. W . the Grand Lodge of Maryland. The Masonic Fraternity W'ill form on the extreme left of the procession, and on its arrival at the Cemetery, will open lines and conduct the Grand Lodge to their position. By order of the Committee of Arrangements. o :r. ID E lE^ . BAM) OF iMUSIG. SUBORDINATE LODGES OF A . F . AND A . MASONS. CHAPTERS AND GRAND CHAPTERS. 25 COMMANDERIES AND GEAND CO MM AN D E R I E S. VISITING GRAND LODGES. BAND OF MUSIC. THE M. W. THE GRAND LODGE OF MARYLAND, Grand Tylee, with drawn Sword. GRAND DIRECTOR OF CEREMONIES AND GRAND TURSUIVANT. THREE GREAT LIGHTS, Carried by a Past Master. SILVER PITCHERS, WITH OIL AND WINE, Carried by Past Masters. CORNUCOPIA, Carried by a Past Master. BOOK OF CONSTITUTIONS, Carried by a Past Master. GRAND CHAPLAIN. PAST GRAND TREASURERS AND GRAND SECRETARIES. R. W. GRAND TREASURER AND GRAND SECRETARY. PAST JUNIOR AND SENIOR GRAND WARDENS. R. W. JUNIOR AND SENIOR GRAND WARDENS. PAST DEPUTY GRAND MASTERS. R . W . DEPUTY G R A N D M ASTER. PAST M. Vv\ GRAND MASTERS. W. Jit. G. DEACON, -\ M. W. f W. Sr. G. DEACON, Jewel ;md Rod. J GRAND MASTER. \ Jewel and Rod. GRAND SWORD REARER. TWO GRAND STEWARDS, With White Rods. 26 CEREMONIES MUSIC BY THE BAND, OPENING. M. W. Grand Master. — Right AVorshii^ful Senior Grand Warden : The Grand Lodge of Maryland having been assembled for the purpose of Laying the Corner-Stone of the Monument, here to be erected, it is my order that the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Maryland be now opened for the performance of that ceremony. This my will and pleasure you will communicate to the Eight Worshipful Junior Grand Warden, and he to the Brethren present, that all having due notice may govern themselves accordingly. Senior Grand Warden. — Right Worshipful Junior Grand AVarden : It is the order of the Most Worshipful Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the State of Maryland, that this Corner-Stone be now laid with Masonic honors. This his will and j^leasure you will proclaim to all present, that the occasion may be observed with due order and solemnity. Junior Grand Warden. — Brethren, and all who are present, take notice, that the Most Worshipful Grand Master will now proceed to lay this Corner-Stone of the Monument in due Masonic form. You will observe the order and decorum becoming the solemn and important ceremonies in which we are about to engage. H YM X .— Time ' 'America.' ' Fatlier of love and miirlit, ISeiid forth thy holy liyht On us to shine ; ]5e thou our Sovereign Lord, . Attd may thy Holy Word Be to us shield and sword, Master Divine. ]5ound in one Brotherhood, Owning one common blood, Children of thine ; Fill us with kindliness. Prompt to relieve distress, Wearing thy true impress, -Master Divine. 27 With joyful hands, fo-day, This Conier-Stoiie we hiy V\'h\\ Corn and Wine : Bnt do thou build up one, Wrought in the living stone Of our true hearts alone. Master Divine. Saviour Onanipotent, Crown Thou our good intent, AVith grace of Thine : Honor this stone we rear ; And when thou shalt appear, Save us who gather here, Master Divine. Pkayee, . . . .By the Grand Chaplain. Grand Master. — Right Worshipful Grand Treasurer : You ■will read the inscription on the Corner-Stone, and list of the contents of the bos. (The Grand Treasurer will here read the contents.) Grand Master. — There being no objection, I now order you. Brother Grand Treasurer, to deposit the Box, with its contents, in the place i^re- pared for its reception. The principal Architect then presents the Working Tools to the Grand Master, who directs the Grand Marshal to present them to the Deputy Grand Master, and Senior and Junior Grand Wardens. Solemn Music by the Band. The Grand Master, the Deputy Grand Master and Grand Wardens then descend from the platform, the Grand Master taking the Trowel, the Deputy Grand Master the Square, and the Senior Grand AA\arden the Level, and the Junior Grand Warden the Plumb ; the Grand Master standing at the East of the Stone, his Deputy on his right, the Senior Grand Warden at the West, and the Junior Grand Warden at the South side of the Stone. The Gri^ud Master then spreads the cement ; after which he directs the Grand Marshal to order the Craftsmen to lower the Stone. [This is done by three motions, viz : — 1st, by lowering a few inches and stopping, when jvibtic Grand Honors are given ; 2d, again lowering a few inches, and giving Grand Honors ; od, letting the Stone down to its place and giving Grand Honors as before. The Scpiare, Level and Plumb are then applied to the Stone by the proper Officers ] Grand Master. — Bight Worshipful Deputy Grand Master : AVhat is the proper Jewel of your office ? Depvty Grand Master. — The Square. 28 Grand Ifaster. — Have you applied the Square to those parts of tlie Stone that should be square? Deputy Grand Master. — I have, Most Worshipful Grand Master, and the Craftsmen have done their duty. Gh-and Master. — Right Worshipful Senior Grand Warden : What is the proj^jer Jewel of your office ? Senior Grand Warden. — The Level. Grand 3fastcr. — Have you applied the Level to the Stone ? Senior Grand Warden. — I have, Most Worshipful Grand Master, and the Craftsmen have done their duty. Grand Master. — Right Worshipful Junior Grand Warden : What is the proper Jewel of your office ? Junior Grand Weirden. — The Plumb. Grand Master. — Have you applied the Plumb to the several edges of the Stone ? .Junior Grand Warden. — I have, Most Worshipful Grand Master, and the Craftsmen have done their duty. Grand Master. — This Stone having been duly tested and found to be well-formed, true and trusty, it remains for me to finish the work. The Grand Master then gives three knocks upon the Stone, saying — "Men and Brethren here assembled, be it known unto you, that we are free and lawful Masons, true and faithful to the laws of our country, professing to fear God, and confer benefits on mankind. We have amongst us concealed from the eyes of man secrets which cannot be divulged, and which have never been discovered by the outside world ; l:)ut those secrets are lawful and honorable, and not repugnant to the laws of God or man. Unless our Craft were good and our calling hon- orable, we should not have lasted for so many csnturies, nor should we have been honored with the patronage of so many illustrious men in 'all ages, who have ever shown tliemselves ready to promote our interests and defend us from our adversaries. We have assembled here, to-day, in the fa,ce of this vast company, to lay the Corner-Stone of this Monu- ment, which we trust may be safely completed and stand for ages both as an ornament to this place and a Monument to the ashes of the thous- ands who repose around it." So mote it be. --Amen, Anthem, . . . . .By the Choir. •The Grand Marshal then presents to the Deputy Grand ]\Iaster the Cornucopia containing Corn, wliic-h he pours upon the Stone. 29 The Grand Marshal then presents the Cup of Wine to the Senior Grand Warden, who pours it on the Stone. The Grand Marshal then presents the Cup of Oil to the Junior Grand Warden, who pours it on the Stone. Grand Master. — May the All-Bounteous Author of Nature bless the inhabitants of this country with all the necessary conveniences and com- forts of life, assist in the erection and completion of this Monument, protect the workmen against every accident, and long preserve this structure from decay — so that it may stand in all its' beauty long alter the bodies of those deposited here shall have crumbled into sejiulchral dust ; and finally grant us all a supply of the Corn of Nourishment, the Wine of Refreshment, and the Oil of Joy. So mote it be. — Amen. The Grand Master then delivers over the various implements of archi- tecture to the principal Architect, saying : Worthy Sir. — Having thus, as Grand Master of Masons of the State of Maryland, laid the Corner-Stone of this structure, I now deliver these implements of your profession into your hands, intrusting you with the superintendence and direction of the work, having full confidence in your skill and capacity to conduct the same. CONCLUDING ODE. MUSIC— "Turin." Placed in form the Corner-Stone, True and Trusty, Brothers own, Come and bring i;i thought sincere, Hands to help, and hearts to cheer. Cliorus. — Come and bring, &c. ^t^i Marked with love, the Master's will Kindly proved the work of skill — • Beauteous forms in grace shall rise 'Neath the arch of favoring skies. Chorus. — Beauteous forms, &c. Join we now our offering true While our homage we renew ; Bear to Him whose praise we sing Thanks that from each bosom spring. Chorus. — Bear to Him, &c. When on Earth our work is o'er, Be a dearer life in store. Each in form, in heart upright, Taught by Truth's unerring light. Chorus. — Each in form, &c. Benediction, .... By the Grand Chaplain. Music. 30 THE ORATION OF EX-GOVERNOR BRADFORD. Ex-Goveruor Bradford then delivered tlie Oration. AVe liave met here to-day, my countrymen, on one of the most memo- rable of the battle fields of our civil war, and we stand upon a site se- lected from the midst of it as an apjiropriate resting place for those who here laid down their lives as a sacrifice to the cause of free government and a National Union. We have come at the instance of the trustees, to whom the subject has been more esj^ecially committed, to dedicate by some j)ublic and official proceeding, on this, the anniversary of the battle, the spot so selected, hallowed as it is already, with every hill around it, in the heart of the nation. To unite in this ceremony, the President of the United States, several members of the Cabinet, the Chief Justice of the United States, members of the National Legislature, Governors or other distinguished represen- tatives of most of the States whose citizens formed the army of the Union, have honored us with their presence, meaning, I am sure, for themselves and those they represent to exjjress by that presence their enduring grat- itude to the sohliers, living or dead, who so nobly stood by them in their darkest hour of trial. With such a company around me, and this vast throng in front, I feel as you may well imagine, to the fullest extent the responsibility of the duty to which I have been honored — an honor for which I am doubtless chiefly indebted to the accidental circumstance that I was to some extent officially connected with the initiation of the Cemetery, so far, at least, as tlie selection of its site was concerned. AVhen, directly after the battle of Antietam, an order was issued by the Executive of Maryland returning thanks to the officers and men of the Union army who had so successfully expelled the invader from our State, the Commanding General of that army, to whom it was transmitted, re- sponded to it in terms that challenged our attention. Expressing, on be- half of the Army of the Potomac, their thanks for our appreciation of tlieir achievements, and their hopes that no Pvebel army would again pol- lute our State, he concluded by committing to us the remains of their gallant comrades who now rested beneath its soil. A commission so touchingly conlidcd to the people of the State, to say nothing of the duty otherwise incuiiil)ent on them, could never become with them a subject of indilference or neglect, and at the first meeting, therefore, of their rep- resentatives in (he General Assembly of January, 1SC4, an Act was passed o. authorizing the purchase of a part of the battle field for the reception of its dead, and an appropriation of five thousand dollars placed at the com- mand of the Governor for that purpose. Directly thereafter he visited the ground, examined it, and after consultation with prominent citizens, selected this spot, embracing in its view the most interesting points to the i field of battle, as the proper site for the proposed cemetery. Subsequent legislation increased the State's appropriation to fifteen thousand dollars. Trustees were appointed to superintend the work. Other States came generously forward to participate in the undertaking, and by their united eflforts it is hoped that the Cemetery will become in time a place worthv the noble purpose to which we to-day devote it, and of the nation to whom the charge of it should properly belong. In recurring to the events which, in connection with this day's pro- ceedings, seem to require a brief notice at our hands, it is a subject of congratulation that we can survey them at present from a stand-point which ought to secure for them a calm and dispassionate consideration. Those influences of passion or j^olicy which to some extent are almost in- separable from all accounts of military operations, j^i'epared whilst the war itself was raging, are rapidly, it is to be hoped, at an end, or if any still linger, they should find no place on such an occasion as this. Yet, in reviewing the details of the sanguinary conflict to which we are about to refer, we find some difficulty, with all the assistance that established peace and the lapse of time have furnished, to fix with proper historical accuracy some of the facts immediately connected with it, more especially the precise force of the Confederate army in that action. The number of the Union army engaged therein, computed as it has been, not only from oflicial records, but those records made wp after amjile time had elapsed for the correction of errors, may be considered as authentically established. It comprised 87,164 men of all arms. In regard to the Confederate force, the accounts are more conflicting. The Union commander, in estimating it at upwards of 97,000 men, basing his estimate on all the information received from j^risoners, deserters and refugees, has probably overstated the number ; whilst, on the other hand, our knowledge of the size of that army shortly before it crossed into Maryland would warrant us in saying that the straggling, to Avhich its commanders chiefly ascribe its subsequent reduction, must have ex- ceeded all straggling ever known in the history of armies, if, when it reached the Antietam, it numbered only 40,000 men. General Lee, I believe, in a report prepared by him a few days after the action closed, says that he went into it with only that number, but in that reckoning he must undoubtedly have excluded the three divisions which, under A. P. Hill, McLaws and Walker, he had several days before detached to different points to aid in the investment of Harper's Ferry, 32 that had not returned at the commencement of the action on the evening of the IGth, but came in most opportunely to his support before its con- clusion on the following day. This inference is rendered certain by other Southern accounts of the number engaged. Confederate historians and newspapers in those days, however, under certain circumstances, they might at times have attempted to deceive us by an inflated account of their military power, were by no means given to such an exaggeration, when the battle was over, and they were sum- ming up its incidents ; yet, a leading newspaper at Richmond, professing to give four days afterwards authentic particulars of the battle, declared that it was opened on the evening of the 16th of September, with all their available force, "60,000 strong." A later, and looking to the means of information enjoyed, probably a still more reliable authority, a Con- federate historian who has piiblished "a Southern history of the war," in describing the battle of Antietam, states that for half the day it was fought, on the Confederate side with "a force of 45,000," and for the re- maining half "with no more than an aggregate of 70,000 men." I think, therefore, that the discrepancies in the Confederate accounts of their force have been the result of the different periods of the action to which they have severally referred ; some having regard to the time that preceded the arrival of their divisions from the neighborhood of the Ferry, and others including these divisions in their statements. All things there- fore considered, and allowing for that portion of our force that could not take part in the action, there could not have been much difference in the effective strength of the two armies ; but if such a difference did exist and in favor of the Union army, it was more than compensated to the Confederates, not only by their choice of positions, but by other influ- ences, which justice to all concerned requires us now to consider. It may be confidently aflirmed, that at no time during the progress of the rebellion did the loyal heart of the country doubt its ultimate result, vet it is equally certain that there were seasons when it quivered with emotion, as it contemplated the results of particular campaigns, or despond- ed for a moment at the partial failure of long cherished expeditions. At no 2)eriod of the war were such feelings more rife than during the summer of 1862. In the early spring of that year, the Peninsular expe- dition had set forth, and the people of the loyal States looked with anx- ious solicitude to its results, and with earnest hopes that it would retrieve the disasters of the preceding year, and jilace the Eebel capital at our command. In every movement of the army in that direction, in all its marches, all its toils, its victories and reverses, from Yorktown to Wil- liamsburg, on the Chickahominy, at Fair Oaks, Gaines' Mill, Malvern, and on the James, it never took a step to front or rear that it did not carry with it by an inseparable sympathy the throbbing heart of the DO people. So high wrought had become the popuhir feeling in that con- nection, that the slightest indication of success or defeat in the move- ments of that army eserted, for a time at least, an influence on the public mind entirely disproportioned to any intrinsic imjiortance attaching to it. It was just when this excitement of the public pulse was at its height, after witnessing the heroic struggle of that army for so many successive weeks, with hopes and fears alternately predominating, that we were suddenly startled with the information that transports were carrying it back to the neighborhood of Washington. The people did not pause to consider whether or how far ulterior objects justified that movement; they saw only in it the confession that for the present Richmond was beyond our reach. Incidents connected with it revealed to them also the fact, surmises in regard to which had already disturbed them, that there was an unfortunate difference of opinion between the Commanding Gen- eral of that army and the powers that controlled his movements ; the re- luctance with which he yielded to the peremptory orders for the change of his base of operations soon became known, and created criticisms una- voidably injurious in their tendencies. Our friends did not care to in- quire, and certainly I shall enter into no such inquiry to-day, who was right or who was wrong. It was enough, and bad enough to know that the harmony which had once marked our military councils had given place to ill concealed murniurings and misgivings. In this moody con- dition of the public mind, the Army of the Potomac — necessarily, to some extent, influenced by the same circumstances — its ranks thinned by the casualties of a series of hard fought battles, and enervated by the climatic influences of the Peninsula, reached Aquia Creek and Alexandria in the last week of August. The occurrences which there awaited it were scarcely of a character to make amends for recent disappointments, or to restore that well poised public confidence, which was becoming dangerously disturbed. Al)Out two months before this period, the authorities at AVashington, gathering up the National forces which had been operating under several commanders in the Valley and other parts of Northern Virginia, had massed and reorganized them under the name of the Army of Virginia, and placed them under the command of Major General Pope, who had been called from a Western department for the purpose. Assuming that com- mand, he commenced active military operations about the middle of July ; his proclamation on that occasion rung out so cheerily and confi- dently in tone, that the public pricked up its ear, and readily forbearing any criticism of style, accepted the substance as an assurance of more vigorous policy than had before prevailed, and as foreshadowing a system of tactics which, even if we failed before Richmond, would compensate 34 US with success elsewhere. But on this line, too, disappointments awaited us, all the keener for the expectations thus excited. Our first reverse occurred at Cedar Mountain on the 9th of August, when the corps com- manded by General Banks, arrayed unsupported against three divisions of the Rebel army under Jackson, Ewell and Hill, most advantageously posted, after accomplishing all that heroic men could against overpower- ing odds, was forced back with severe loss. The withdrawal, simultaneously with this action, of the Army of the Potomac from the James river, enabled Lee to move a large portion of his command to the support of Jackson, who was now in front of Pope, and compelled the latter to commence a retrograde movement, which continued from point to point until he reached the District line. During all the last week of August, Pope's army was kept in almost continual ac- tion, leaving little or no time for refreshment or rest ; engaged thus every day — although now supported to some extent by a part of the army now arriving from the Peninsula — displaying conspicuous gallantry, and evincing the most heroic powers of endurance — they were nevertheless gradually forced back by Lee's army, the greater part of which had now- arrived from Richmond, until after a last ineffectual effort on the old battle field of Bull Run (in which fell that beau ideal of a soldier, the gallant Kearney,) faint and footsore, on the 2d of September, they fell back wathin the fortifications of Washington. You will not, I am sure, so far misunderstand me as to sujipose, that in referring thus briefly to the campaign of Gen. Pope, I have any design to criticise it. I disclaim as well any such power as such a purpose ; wheth- er it failed through his fault or that of others, or without fault anywhere, are questions requiring far more skill in military manoeuvres, as well as a more accurate knowledge of facts, than I pretend to possess. Nor is the cause of the failure at all material as regards its influence. I advert to it in this connection simply as one of those unfortunate antecedents im- mediately jireceding the march of Lee into Maryland, which was calcula- ted to exert a depressing influence as well upon the jiublic mind as on the spirits of the army, on which alone we now dej)ended to oppose his passage. That army was to be composed of what remained of those two once formidable organizations, the Army of the Potomac and the Army of Vir- ginia, constituted each of them, of material, better than which the world never saw, but returning simultaneously from the fields of their recent operations with such heavy losses, so jaded and war-worn, so keenly sen- sitive, as we may well suppose, to the disappointment the country might feel in the hopes formed of their a,cliievem(;nts, that in the new and formida- ble invasion they were now so suddenly called on to repel, nothing but the sternest sense of patriotic duty and the most determined devotion to 35 the great cause for wliich tliey had already sacrificed so much, could have possibly sustained them. In that trying hour, the first provision to be made was for the reorgani- zation of these shattered armies, and the selection of a commander who could accomj^lish it and then lead the united host. Whatever doubt the Government authorities, or any of them, or the peojile of the country or any part of them, might then or since have entertained of the military abilities of General McClellan, there were few then, and probably still fewer to-day, who, in the exigency then existing, would question the wis- dom of the order that committed to him this command. His services in a like capacity and under circumstances so strikingly similar that the coincidence is worthy of note, must have been fresh in the recollections of both Government and people. At the time of our earliest great dis- aster, the first battle of Bull Run, he was conducting active operations in Western Virginia, and the very day after that unfortunate affair a tele- gram from the President, directing him to turn over his command to another, summoned him to Washington ; placed there by the President's order in chief command, he was, in less than a week after that reverse, bringing order out of the confusion which for awhile jirevailed. Now, other disasters culminating on the same unfortunate field, demanded again the services of a soldier who, possessing the skill to reorganize our broken columns, could so command their confidence as to inspire them with the enthusiasm necessary to forget disaster. That the Administra- tion, without any disparagement to other distinguished leaders, chose the right man for such an emergency, few, I repeat, will at this day venture to deny. But little time remained for preparation. Lee and his army, exhila- rated at the thought that their long beleaguered capital was at length relieved, encouraged by their recent successes near Manassas, and stimu- lated by the prospect of the rich supplies which here and along the fertile Cumberland Valley awaited their approach, had, by rapid march- ing, within four days after Pope's army retired within the Washington entrenchments, crossed the Potomac and encamped around Frederick city. McClellan, reorganizing as he marched, set forth to intercept him. Embarrassed all the time by the doubts which enveloped Lee's designs, fully alive to the vital interests involved in them, compelled for the time to turn his back upon Washington, and yet well aware, and frequently reminded that, after all, that might be Lee's objective jooint, and his movements in other directions meant only as a feint ; with the capi- tal of Pennsylvania and the emporium of Maryland both menaced by the enemy, and the citizens of each watching with anxious concern McClellan's movements, with the natural apprehension that the course of his march might so far uncover their several cities as to open the way to Lee's 36 approach, we may imagine to-day, tliougli even now can scarcely appre- ciate the responsibilities of tlie Union commander, and understand some of the reasons for what, in the nervous anxiety of that moment, might have been considered by some as too tardy a pursuit. He was, however, on the right track ; the van of his army reached Frederick on the 12th of September, Lee, with the greater part of his command, having left it two days before. Here, before following the subsequent movements of these armies, allow me to advert briefly to the reception that awaited them respec- tively on this new theatre of the war on the north of the Potomac. Sub- sequently, in the course of its progress, Rebel raids and invasions were matters of frequent occurrence, and came to be regarded by us as a thing of course, whenever our usual summer drought reduced the river to a fordable condition ; this, however, was our first hostile invasion, and on that and other accounts was regarded by the people of the country, and especially of this State, with absorbing interest and anxiety. The loyal citizens of the North had been taught to believe that the loyalty of Maryland had at best but an apocryphal existence ; that as a patriotic and spontaneous impulse it was limited to a few, whilst, as regarded the great body of our people, it was but a pretended and super- ficial disjjlay, induced chiefly by the presence of the National force. So confident in the early stages of the rebellion had been the appeals of our secessionists, so exorbitant their claims to an assumed social and commer- cial importance, and so clamorous their denunciations of what they denominated an odious Federal ban, forcing the action of the people into a channel contrary to its natural inclination, that there seemed for a time some excuse for such an opinion, and a few even of our own citizens, who liad not watched that strong patriotic undercurrent on which, as on a full mountain stream, the masses of our people were from the first borne onward, came sometimes themselves to the reluctant conclusion that the outside estimate of our loyalty might possibly be true. General Lee, doubtless confiding in the same representations, only more highly exaggerated, chanced to select as favorable a moment for himself as possible for jiutting these theories to the test. To say nothing of the despondency already noticed, resulting from the recent disappointments, a process had just commenced better calculated than anything that had yet occurred to awaken the people of the country to a practical sense of the grim realities of war. The President on the 1st of July having issued a call for three hundred thousand volunteers, followed it on the 4th of August with an order for the draft of a like number of militia. The preliminary details for that draft had been just completed and the enrolling officers sent forth on their mission as Lee made his appearance north of the Potomac. The order for a draft had 0^7 something startling in the ideas it suggested. No one who was subject to the process had ever witnessed its operation, the country had only a kind of traditional knowledge of the character of the proceeding, all the more exciting for its very vagueness. It was in this condition of things that Lee encamped his army about Frederick, and none knew better than himself how to take advantage of it. Appointing as the Provost Marshal of the city a former resident, who having once been a person of some political influence, had in the early days of the rebellion attached himself to its fortunes, and observing the most scrupulous forbearance towards the citizens, he next issued to them a proclamation, every sentence of which was studiously adapted to their supposed tastes and political sympathies, and which, if the facts had corresponded with the suggestiijns of ' Southern sympathizers and Northern skeptics, would have brought them in crowds to the Confederate standard. It expressed the deepest sympathy for the "wrongs and outrages" they had sufferrd ; it reminded them of the obligations that bound them to the South by "the strongest social, political and commercial ties;" it depicted the profound indignation of their sister States at the spectacle they presented of "a conquered province;" it appealed to their State pride; alluded to "the military usurpations of armed strangers;" the arrest and imprisonment of their citizens, and "the faithful and manly protest" made against such outrages by a venerable and illustrious jurist who, being a former citizen of this town, was known to be held by its in- habitants in high respect and esteem. Then reminding them that the people of Maryland possessed a spirit too lofty to submit to such a government, gave them to understand that the Confederate army had come among them to aid them in "throwing off this foreign yoke," and all that was necessary was their co-operation. Was there ever so fair an opportunity for a semi-loyal, secession-loving people, threatened Avith a Federal draft, and awaiting only the oppor- tunity to escape, and throw themselves into the arms of their Southern friends ! How did they respond to this opportunity and these eloquent appeals? A confederate officer, who seems to have accompanied the expedition, and has since written an account of it, tells the story in a few words. Con- fessing to the disappointment that awaited those who expected the Mary- landers to rush to arms, he tells us that, on the contrary, "they rushed into their houses and slammed the doors." The "Rebels," says he, "were regarded not as friends, but enemies, the inhabitants were Union," and the general sentiment was, "Wait, wearers of the gray, the patriots in blue are coming." When they did come, who that saw can ever forget ? what heart that even now, does not 38 throb the quicker as it remembers the change from the dogged, moody, scowling, and stifled condition in which the presence of the Confederates had for four days kept that peojDle tortured, to the outburst of joyous, enthusiastic, exuberant and irrepressible loyalty that rung out from cel- lar to house-top as the boys in blue jiressed on upon their rear ? All along their way whenever they appeared, in the towns or among the log cabins of the mountain, up went the National banner, hid away some of them until this day, many doubtless improvised for the occasion, an exacting tribute, I dare say, of many a discarded ribbon and thread- bare wrapper, sometimes faded and soiled it may have been, and utterly regardless of the pro23ortions required by army regulations, but every stripe and every star was there, and better still, every heart that beat beneath it was overpoweringly full of the sacred cause of which it was the symbol. Yet, to this day, Avith that and every other ordeal — and that was neither the first nor last — by which Maryland loyalty has been tested, there are those who still make it the subject of an ungenerous sneer. I am ha])py, however, to believe that it never comes from that gallant host that accompanied her sons to the field, but usually from those whose well calculated distance from the scene of conflict placed them as far out of the reach of information as of danger. When Lee evacuated Frederick, on the 10th of September, directing his course towards this county, he doubtless supposed that the reticent policy and strategic manoeuvres he had thus far so successfully pursued, would still liave its influence on McClellan's movements, leaving him in doul)t as to where the threatened blow would ultimately fall ; but by one of those rare occurrences which some may call accident, and others a special Providence, there fell into McClellan's hands on the day of his arrival at Frederick, a copy of Lee's order of march, dated the day be- fore he left that city, and negligently left there by one of his oflicers. This told the whole story of his contemjilated movements, and, possessed of that information, a new vigor was infusod into the Union host. l)irecting the cordis of General Ma?Lsfield towards Pleasant Valley, that it might if possible roach and reliin'o Harper's Ferry before it should be captured by the force Lee had detailed for the purpose, McClellan with the main body of the Union army moved forward towards the South Mountain, on the track Lee had himself taken. The latter having al- ready passed onward towards Boonsboro and Hagerstown, hearing on the evening of the loth thai. McClellan was pushing on by the way of Tur- ner's Gap, and surjirised, no doubt, at the unwonted vigor and rapidity .of his present nun'ements ; feeling, too, that unless his progress could be arrested, his own well concerted plans might be frustrated, sent back ■'Hill and Longstreet, with the greater jiortion of their commands, to 39 check liim at that mountain pass. Reaching its crest in 'xlvance of the Union army, it is easy to perceive how even a smaller force than these two leaders then commanded, could, with the advantage which their position secured, hold in check for a time jur advancing column struggling up its eastern slope, but our men, though sure to encounter a murderous fire from the ridges around them, were not to be long arrested in their progress. Pushing up the craggy steep, they forced back, step by step, the Con- federate riflemen, who were assailing them from behind trees and stone fences, and as the last rays of the setting sun fell upon the Union banner it was floating triumphant on the summit of the ridge. It cost us, how- ever, fifteen hundred of the flower of our army, including the skillful and valiant General Eeno, who, with the advance throughout the day, was killed just before its close whilst reconnoitering in front. The morning of the 15th dawned upon the Union army the sole occu- pants of the mountain, the Confederates having retired during the night, and McClellan resuming his march, halted that afternoon on the east bank of the Antietam. The evening was passed in assigning positions to his several corps, posting his batteries and making preparations for crossing next morning. Lee having previously reached and crossed the stream, had secured the choice of positions, an adva^ntage which he did not fail to im})rove. A telegram from Pre.^ident Lincoln, dated at Wa.shington about the hour that McCleHan reached the Antietam, conveyed to him the President's last command; in Mr. Lincoln's own earnest and senten- tious style, it merely said, "God bless you, and all with you; destroy the Eebel army if possible." With this parting benediction they bivouacked that night on the eastern bank of the stream. On the morning of the IGtli, the Piebel batteries occujiying command- ing positions on these various heights u^jon this side the creek, opened fire upon our ranks, Ijut with how little eft'ect may be infei'red from the account of General Hill, who, in a subsequent report of the action, de- scribes it as the "most melancholy fai'ce of the war," tliey being unable, as he says, to cope with the "Yankee guns." After some little delay, rerpiired to make an alteration of the position of some of the corps, General Hooker, who had been entrusted with the duty of turning the enemy's left flank, crossed his command by an ujiper ford, and not long afterwards encountered the troops of General Hood, wdio, in anticipation of our movement, had been transferred from the en- emy's right wing to his left to strengthen that part of his line. It was nearly dark before the troops of Hooker and Hood met, and after a brief but spirited contest, in which the Pennsylvania Reserves, under General Meade, opened the action, the Confederate advance was forced back, when night intervening, the comljatants rested on their arms so near to- gether, that it is said some of the pickets of the two lines unconsciously intermingled. 40 The battle of the 17th opened at the dawn of day on the spot where the skirmish of the previous evening had closed ; each side seemed to have looked to this point as the one to be j)articularly strengthened, and as though anticipating the tremendous struggle of which it was to be the centre. General Mansfield's corps, comj^osed of the two divisions of Generals Green and Williams, had crossed over in the night and taken post a mile to the rear of General Hooker ; whilst on the Confederate side. General Jackson had brought one of his divisions to the front, and substituting two of his brigades for those of Hood, that had suffered from the engagement of the previous evening, placed the other— the old Stonewall division— in reserve in the woods on the west of the Hagers- town road. In the whole history of the battle-fields of the rebellion, it would be 2">erhaps difficult to find a spot which for an entire day was assailed and defended with such persevering, obstinate and concentrated valor as the one to which I now refer, embracing the ground on both sides the road just mentioned, and in close proximity to yonder little church that nestles now so quietly in the margin of the woods. From early dawn till dark the conflict surged and swelled across it in one continual tide, advancing and receding as reinforcements from the one side or the other came to the support of their comrades. It was opened on our side with the three divisions of Generals Meade, Double- day and Kicketts, forming General Hooker's corps, who, after an hour of fearful carnage, succeeded in driving back Jackson's advanced line. Be- fore, however, their exulting cheers had fairly ceased, they were them- selves compelled to retire before his veteran reserves that now come to his relief, supported by Hill's division and Hood's refreshed brigades. The corjjs of General Mansfield coming next to our support, reinforced the shattered command of Hooker, and recovering the ground that had been lost, swept onward again to the road and seized a corner of the woods beyond. Again, however, our tenure was but temporary ; both our Corps Com- manders hud fallen — the veteran Mansfield and the intrejiid Hooker — the one mortally, the other very painfully wounded, and their commands fearfully thinned, were again forced to fall back, when, just as they were retiring, two divisions of General Sumner's Coi'ps coming fresh upon the field, hurled back once more the Rebel line, and held for a time definite possession of the woods about the little church. The divisions of Gen- erals Kiehardsdii and I'rt'nch falling in about this time to the support of Sumner, rushed valiantly to the front, and the tide of battle was once more flooding in our favor, when, just as victory seemed within our grasp, two fresh Confederate divisions, under McLaws and Walker, the one just arrived from Harper's Ferry, and the other detached from their right 41 wing, turned again for a time the fortunes of the day, and once more drove back our tottering line over that hard fought field. Two other of our division commanders had been now lost to us — the lamented Eichardson and the heroic General Sedgwick, the former fall- ing mortally wounded, and the latter, though wounded several times, still struggling to keep the field. To and fro the contest had now swayed for seven hours ; it was afternoon, and the combatants stood, as it were, at bay, each appearing confident of their power to defend, but doubtful of their ability to assail. Now most opportunely appeared another auxiliary on the scene, and we may imagine the tumultuous joy that reanimated our exhausted troops as, turning their eyes towards yonder creek, they beheld two divisions of General Franklin's Corps, freshly arrived from Pleasant Valley, and hast- ening forward to their support. Under their gallant leaders, Slocum and Smith, they swept on in a resistless charge ; running, and cheering as they ran, they dashed across the down-trodden cornfield, cleared the woods of their Confederate occupants, and at last held final possession of the ground so often lost and won, until "Night her course began and over heaven Inducing darkness, grateful truce imposed And silence on the odious din of war." On the extreme left of our line the Ninth Army Corps, under General Burnside, occupied during the forenoon the left bank of the Antietam, near the lower bridge, waiting a favorable opportunity for forcing a passage. The precipitous character of the banks of the creek at that point, and the advantageous position secured by the enemy's batteries along these heights to the west of it, postponed, it would seem, that opportunity until about one o'clock ; but at that hour a gallant charge of the 51st New York and 51st Pennsylvania regiments carried the bridge, and crossing by that and a neighboring ford the whole Corps crossed over. After- wards assailing yonder heights, from wliicli a Piebel battery had been pouring upon them a constant and destructive fire, they succeeded in dis- lodging the enemy, and it is said that some of their assailing force nearly reached the village ; but here, as on our riglit, victory seemed to vibrate. J^. p. Hill, with his division, by a rapid march from Harper's Ferry, which they left that morning, reached the ground in the afternoon, and joining his command to the Rebel right wing, their united efforts drove back our troops from their advanced position, but replying with s])irit, and supported by the batteries on the eastern bank of the creek, they, after desperate fighting, in which General Piodman, one of their division commanders, fell mortally wounded, were enabled still to maintain their stand upon its western shore, whilst the Rebels fell back to the heights as darkness closed the day. 42 The bridge has been known in the neighborhood ever since the battle as the Burnside Bridge, which name, for its pastoral as well as patriotic significance, it will j^robably retain forever. Thus ended only, for want of light to pursue it further, a battle that had raged for nearly fourteen hours, and which beyond doubt was the fiercest and bloodiest of the war. Twelve thousand of our dead and wounded warriors, and. at least as many more of the enemy lay stretched upon the field. I have, of course, not ventured to attempt more than the merest outline of some of the most prominent points of the action. To note the move- ments of the various divisions, brigades and regiments, their marches, manoeuvres and combinations, and the names of the officers who led them, even if I possessed the information necessary for the purpose, and that would insure me against doing injustice to any, would far exceed the lim- its permitted to such an address. I should rejoice to be able to refer by name to every man who that day did his duty, from the General-in-Chief to the humblest subordinate in the ranks, but I have the satisfaction of knowing that they are all reg- istered elsewhere, and that neither their names nor deeds are dependent on this ephemeral record. Viewing these hills and valleys, as we do to-day, in the full luxuriance of their autumnal beauty, restored by the indomitable energy of their thrifty j)Opulation to the condition they presented before hostile armies selected them as the theatre of their contest, and then calling up to memory or imagination, the spectacle they exhibited when that contest closed, and the harvest of death lay heaped in horrid swarths all over their undulating surfaces, and how imjiressive, almost appalling, is the sense of the destruction which a few brief hours had accomplished ? The day before the battle, this region, one of the most beautiful and productive of the State, in its orchards and meadows, cornfields and pas- tures, woodlands and water courses, presented '■A li^iipy iiir;il srat of various view." that fdloil the eye of the visitur with delight inferior only to that of the hiippy husl)an(!iaen, its o\vn(>rs. They, thus far knowing little of war, save by its distant echoes, awoke on the morning of the 17th of Septem- ber, 18C2, to all its dread realities — '■Hark to that roai- wliuse swift ami dcafoniiijj pe.'il. In countless cclux's tlirouuli liie mountains rin^; Now swells the iuiei-uiinulini;' din : the jar Frefpient and frij;hlful of the hurstinj;- honih ; The fallin;j; tree, the shriek, the tiroan, the shout, The ceaseless clanj;or and the laisli of men, Inebriate witli ra^^e. l>oud and more loud The discord ,u-i-ows, till pale Death shuts the scene And o'er the coinpieror and the conquered draws His colli and hloodv shroud ! 43 But let us pass from this melanclioly retrospect to the more agreeable contemplation of the tribute due to the valiant dead that lie here now at rest around us. The posthumous honors rendered to departed patriots are commended to us by the example of the noblest nations of antiquity, and are prompted by those impulses of the human heart which in all ages seek to perpetuate some record or reminiscence of the good and the brave. In the best days of the republics of old, these mortuary observances were far more frecjuent and impressive than in modern times; they not only embalmed the bodies of their warriors and statesmen, but their funeral ceremonies, the eulogies pronounced over them, and the monuments erected to their memory, were recognized as of national obligation. Their exploits were chronicled and elaborated by the poets and orators of tlieir nation, and have be^-n handed down to the present day as a classic theme, on which the youthful mind still delights to dwell. It was a custom with the Athenians to ap|ioint every year a man for the observance of solemn funeral lites over the remains of their heroes who had fallen during the year ; their bones were collected together, their friends were invited to be present, their remains were decorated as the fancy or affection of those friends might suggest, and, after three days thus employed, these remnants of mortality were carried in solemn funeral pomp to a public temple prepared for their reception. Nor were they forgotten whose mouldering forms it had been impossible to recover, for them, or in memory of them, an empty bier, tlie most gorgeous in the pro- cession, was especially dedicated ; and a sepulchre situated in the costliest suburb of the city received the sumptuous coffins, the empty and the full. We have, as yet, established no such national anniversaries, nor yet- provided any such gorgeous pageantry. No storied urn or cyj^ress coffin may contain the remains of our soldiers' dead ; many of them doubtless have never yet been gathered within any recogTiized cemetery, and still occupy the shallow grave on the mai'gin of the battle. field, or lujar some hospital .-ite, their last resting place probably altogether unmarked, or if marked at all, only Ijy a rough stake, and occasionall}' a few rude letters ; but whatever be its condition or wherever it may be, on the banks of the Mississippi or among the mountains of Pennsylvania, in the morasses of the Cliickahominy, or in this rpiiet and well-ordered cemetery, Greece nor Runie, in their palmiest days, never offered up costlier sacrifices in the cause of human freedom than "tlie hearts once pregnant with celestial fire.'" which these rude sepulchres entomb. In ancient times it was undoidjtedly true, especially as regarded the honors to living men — and probably no age may be altogether exempt from tiie imputation — that in the costly statues erected to, and the nutg- nificent orations showered u}ion, the successful soldier or accomplished statesman, there lurked not unfrequently some personal consideration 44 mingling with the motives tliat .suggested them. Sometimes it was fear that jirompted the timid thus to propitiate the wrath of the powerful ; sometimes it was a servile adulation that, in the time-serving, sought by such means to secure a recompense in the shape of other honors or emol- uments to be reciprocated. It was doubtless the knowledge of such cor- ruptions, and an appreciation of the motives that should always control such memorials, that prompted Cato, when once asked by a friend, why no statues had been erected to him, whilst Rome was crowded with so many othei's, to reply as he did, that he had much rather his countrymen should inipiire why he had no statue, than wdiy he had any ; but the char- acter and circumstances of the honors we are here to render to our patriot dead, not only vindicate their motive, but in that motive itself is found the very germ of the honor we wouhl confer. Let statues or monuments to the living or the dead tower ever so high, the true honor, after all, is not in the ])olishfd tablet or towei'ing column, but in that pure, sponta- neous and unatlecttMl gratitude and devotion of the people that enshrines the memory of the honored one in the heart, and transmits it from age to age long after such costly structur(\s have disappeared. Tlie only honor accorded to Miltiades, the great deliverer of Athens, was to be represented in a picture, painted by order of its citizens, at the head uf the other nine commanders of the heroic ten thousand, ani- mating his followers to the attack of the hostile force which outnumbered them ten to one : and yet that simple painting, preserved in the aflections of suceeecling generations, existed foi' centuries thereafter, whilst the three hundred statues which in a later and corrupter age, were erected by the same peojile in honor of Demetrius, were all demolished, even in his lifetinu}. Thus in our heart would we enslirine the memory of the Union sol- diers ; generations yet unborn shall recount to their offspring the history of their valor ; and long after brass and niarlile have crumbled into dust, shall their names be preserved as the men who perished to perjietuate what llieir fathers had so struggled to esla-blish -this Ileaven-appointed (jovenuiient of pojiular freeilom. A sepidehre, as I have saii.l, was formerly prepared for the heroes of ancient (Ireece in the most (•onsjii(!uous subui'b of their cities; this cus- tom, however, had one niisei'ahle e.\.ce])tion, and for which this day's solemnities on the Held of Antietam furnishes an appropriate parallel. Sueh was the e.\t raordinar)- valor displayed by those who fell fighting against- the i'ersian host on the memorable battle-field of Marathon, that t!ie Athenians deteriiiine(l t hat their se|iul(;hre should be separated a.nd distinguished iVom those of their other heroes. TIkj most honorable dis- tinction (hey could suggest was to bury them on ilu! field whci'O they had fallen ; and thus this little marshy plain, immortalized by this battle of 45 more than two thousand years ago, was pointed out to succeeding ages by the lofty mound, around which many a tourist has since lingered, and which, to this day, marks the spot where the Athenian heroes fell. May not imagination, as it seeks to portray the future of this great American Republic, without any overstraining of its powers, see the roining time, distant it possibly may be, but none the less desirable or certain, when her sons from every State shall seek this little hamlet for its hallowed memories of the past, and coming from the South as well as X.irth, reunited in fact as well as theory, in affection as well as formality, ■Aiall stand here together as pilgrims at a common shrine, and forgetting the feuds of the past, save only the mighty powers which their results developed, mutually admit, as they appeal to the records of this field, that they have sprung from the same stock, and united in the same des- tiny, entitled to the same respect, and animated by the same heroic and patriotic impulses ? This day, my countrymen, (the 17th of September,) happens to be the anniversary of- another event in our jDolitical history, not less memorable than the one which to-day, more particularly, engages our attention ; in some respects it is so intimately connected with the considerations which the occasion suggests that it is scarcely proper it should pass without notice. It was upon this day eighty years ago that the representatives of our ancestors, with Washington at their head, after four months' deliberation, adopted the Federal Constitution — an instrument so remarkable for the circumstances that gave birth to it, for the wonderful prosperity which sprung from it, for the reverence with which from generation to genera- tion it has been handed down to us, that there has probably been no record of a like character which has exerted so important an influence on the history of a government or the rise and progress of a peo23le. The political condition of the country at the time of its adoption, in some of its aspects, was not unlike the present. AVe had just concluded a war upon the issue of which depended the existence of the nation ; that war, combined with other circumstances, had led to the formation of parties, so widely diftering in some of their theories of government, that there seemed but little hope of constructing it upon any plan upon which the two extremes would ever unite. Upon one side political leaders were striving to establish a strong and consolidated Government, ignoring almost the Government of the States, whilst on the other were those who were for investing the latter with all substantial authority and making the General Government little more than their general agent. These leaders^honest, doubtless, all of them in their own opinions — had by their continual discussion and the widely different views they promulgated, brought the country to a critical condition, and filled the 46 minds of its mosfc reflecting people with serious fears tliat the great results of the war would be swept away by these jarring elements. In consequence alone of these dissensions, and the mutual jealousies and suspicions they engendered, four years elapsed after the cloise of the war before any consent could be ]irocured either from Congress or the States for the assembling of a Constitutional Convention, and with the acknowledged imperfections of the existing articles of confederation, and amidst the most disheartening embarrassments, the result, chiefly of those imperfections, the country staggered along as best it could, without either an Executive or Judiciaf department. Then, at last, there assembled that illustrious body of statesmen that framed the Constitution under which we live. They represented, un- doubtedly, constituents maintaining each of the theories of government to which I have adverted, but mindful of the condition of the country, resolved, if possible, to rescue it, and with this noble purpose resisting the inqiatient behests of party, they renounced the ultraisms which dis- tinguished both the consolidation and Stat'' right schools, and provided a Government which so judiciously combined the two principles, and so distinctly assigned to each its proper sphere, that the moderate and re- flecting of all parties united in its support, and the Constitution received the unanimous ratification of the States. After the lapse of three-quarters of a century, and after it had ele- vated us to a point of national importance and renown, which its most ardent advocates could never have predicted, it was destined to encounter its iirst great trial. I am not about to recur to the history of the rebellion, to the passions that prompted its leaders, or the metajihysieal plausibilities by which they seduced their followers, but it was only after the theories to which they had been long attached had been allied with more substantial and power- ful interests, that they ventured to lay violent hands on that work of our fathers to whicli tlioy and all of us had so often sworn allegiance. How it r(^-ulted it is scarcely necessary to remind you. The people, though occasionally differing on ({uestions of construction of doubtful clauses of the Constitution, had yet been trained in sucli habits of reverence for all its undisputeullet drew, Will make thy roses, Maryland, Spring with a redder hue. Thin grew the host that fought beneath The fallen stars, ami then. Like gray wolves, backward, inch by inch, Retreating to their den. Unto the cover of their worlss The bailled horde withdrew. And soon upon the dust of strife The evening sprinkled dew. Then martial strains rose from our camp. And as the wounded listened. The nerveless hand was clenched again — Again the glazed eye glistened ; Some thought of fair ones, who afar Would name them from the pillow. Or maidens who that night would sit Alone beneath the willow. 52 Some thoiijilit of stately marble halls, That in the city tower'd, And others of a humble eot, Amiil the vines embower'd; Vet, whereso'er their thoughts were turned, As memory's magnet drew them, The spot was hallowed I'V the name Of ''Ilome, Sweet Hume," unto them. iSut when tlie morn in beauty l)roke, 'J'hose heroes wiiu had stiiven So nolily for their homes, had found A better home in heaven. Then, softer grew the hard bruwn hand. As, with a woman's care, Plough soldiers gently bore away Their fallen comrades there. And when the last long trench had closed Aljove unnumbered slain, All grades foi'got an army lay Encam])ed beneath this plain ! Yes ! in daik barracks nndernealh Rest those who chose the cypress wreath. In service brief as gloriuus gained, To laurels with dishonor stained. Kest. till « ith those who bivouac still At .Marathon and IJunlicr Hill. By louder truni)) than battle drew, 'J'hcy've marshalled for the last review. No nuH'c the pulse Hiat beats so true Will (juicken as the loud tattoo Ascends at sunrise I'rom the camp, Ur sternly licat the measured tramj) : Ihit hands unseen will hither bring 'i'he eailii'?t violets of tlie spiing ; .And pilgrims who have viewed with awe The ruins of that haunted shore, \\'here shrouds of lava overspreai.l The silent cities of the dead, And every step Ijrings through the gloom .\\i erho from storied loud) — No longer o'er the deep will roam. To leave a holier shrine at lu)me ! for every clod we tread to-day Is numlded fi-om some hero's day. And looking downward from ihe skies, Perchance the n'.elancholv eyes 5'^ o Of Lincoln wear a tender glow As on this scene he gazes now. I feel a God-like presence near — . Tlie Great Emanciiiator's here ! C) death ! where is thy sting? U grave! Where is thj- victory o'er the brave? Not witli dim sight and tottering frame, They sought the dust from which they came. With eye whose flash seemed of the storm, And war embodied in each form. They marched at Glory's clarion call To graves as to a banquet hall ; And though sweet voices filled each wind Frome home, cast not one look behind. Through such heroic souls as those The Lord of Hosts his God-head shows ! Over them no mournful re(|uiem floats. But bugles peal their loudest notes. As to the heaven of Fame they march Beneath our flag — its raiubow arch, With an eternal furlough filest, 8\veet, sweet shall be the patriot's rest. Fatigued with toil whose fruits sublime Are buddiug on the bough of Time, And while above these sainted brave One stripe of their old flag shall wave, This consecrated spot will be A sacred Mecca of the fre.e. 54 SPEECH OF PRESIDENT JOHNSON. Governor Swann then introduced to tlie assembly President Johnson, ^vlio, advancing to the front of the platform was greeted with applause. He said : J/y FdJcnv Count rymcn — In appearing before you it is not for the pur- pose of making any lengthy remarks, but simply to express my approba- tion of the ceremonies which have taken place to-day. My appearance or. this occasion will be the sjjeech that I Avill make. My reflections and my meditations will be in silent communion Avith the dead, whose deeds we are here to commemorate. I shall not attempt to give utterance to the feelings and emotions inspired by the addresses and prayers which have been made and the hymns which have been sung. I shall make attempt at no such thing. I am merely here to give my countenance and aiil to the ceremonies on this occasion ; but I must be permitted to ex- press my hope that we may follow the example which has been so elo- quently alluded to this afternoon, and which has been so clearly set by the illustrious dead, "When we look on yon battle field I think of the brave men on both sides, who fell in the fierce struggle of battle, who sleep silent in their graves. Yes, who sleep in silence and peace after the earnest conflict has ceased. Would to God we of the living could imitate their example, as they h'ly sleeping in peace in their tombs, and live together in friendship and peace. [Appilause.] You, my fellow citizens, h:ive my earnest wishes as you have had my efforts in time gone by, in the earliest and most trying perils to 2>reserve the tmion of these States, to restore harmony to our distracted and divided country, and you shall h;!ve my last efforts in vindication of the flag of the Eepublic-and of the Goustitufiou of your fathers. [Applause.] The benediction was then pronounced, when the Pre.sident, Cabinet Officers, Governor Swann and ollun's left the jilatform. Colonel J. M. Moore and his itssistants ft/rnicd the military who escorted the President and party to the cars at Keedysviile, which ])lacc they left at ten min- utes to seven o'clock for Washington and I'altimore. 55 ORDER OF PROCESSION AT THE CEREMONIES OF THE DEDICATION OF THE ANTIETAM NATIONAL CEMETERY, AND THE LAYING OF THE CORNER-STONE OF THE M N U ^I E N T , September 1 7 t li , 1867 Aids. Chief Marshal, Aids. Lt. Col. James M. Moore, U. S. A. Artillery. Infantry. General Grant and Staff. Major General McClellan and Staff. Major General Burnside and Staff. Ex-Officers and Soldiers of the Army of the Potomac. Officers and Soldiers of the Armies of the United States. Officers of the Navy and Marine Corps of the United States. The President of the JJnited States. The Cabinet Ministers. The Diplomatic Corps. Vice-Admiral Porter and Staff. The Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court OF THE United States. The President of the Day and the Orator. The Chaplain, Poet and Chorister. The Committee of Arrangements. The Members of the U. S. Senate and House of Representatives. The Governors of the Several States and Territories ani> their Staffs. Board of Managers of the Antietam National Cemetery. Mayors of Baltimore and Washington, and other Cities. Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Knights Templar. Masonic Fraternity. 66 PROGRAMME OF ARRANGEMENT And Ordi:r of Exercises for the Ceremonies of the Dedication of the ANTIETAM NATIONAL CEMETERY, And the Laying of the Corner-Stone of the Monument, September 17, 1867. The Marshal and Assistartt ]\larslials will a.«seni1jle at Keedysville, at 9 o'dock, A. M. The Military will form at Keedysville, at 10^ A. M. ou the pike leading to Sharps- burg, west of the railroad. The Masons and other civic bodies will form at the same time, on the pike leading to Sharjisburg, east of the railroad, with their right resting on the railroad crossing. The head of the column will move at 11 o'clock, A. M., up the pike to the Cemetery grounds. The .Military will form in line at the entrance to the Cemetery, (as may be directed,) and present arms when the President of the United States and all who are to occupy the stand shall pass to the same. Ladies will occupy the left of the stand, and it is desiralde that they l>e upon the ground as early as 11 o'clock, A.M. The E.xercises will take place as soon as the entire procejsion is in position on the ground, as follows: Ml 'SIC — 15 AND. Prayer by toe Rev. IIiijam Mat-i'iso.v, D. D., of N. J. Music- — Land. Introductory Remarks ry the Governor of JIaryland. Music — Hymn, composed by Rev. Edward .Meyer, of Pa., and sung by the Assem- BLAtiE, under the LEADERSHIP OF \V.M. E. MaCDONOUGH, OP N. Y. Laying of the Corneu-Stone by the Crand Master of the (Irand Lodge of Masons OF Maryland. Music — Land. Oration by Hon. A. W. Lradford, E.k-Governor of Maryland. JIi'sio — Hy.mn, composed by Rev. Edavakd Meyer, of Pennsylvania. Poe.m, by Ci,arence 1'\ Li:hler, of N. Y. Remarks by the PHHSIDENT of the United States. Music — Band. Benediction. Music — IJand. ^Vfter the Benediction, the ])rocessi()n will be dismissed, and the ilarshal and Assist- ant Marshals will form and esc(U-t the President and i)arty to the cars at Keedysville. Salutes will lie fired at sunrise, during the movement of the i)roeession, and at the close of the exercises. Assistant JMai'sluils. Bt. Maj. Gen. Andrew W. Denlson, JU. .Maj. Gen. John R..Kenly, " "■ " E. 15. Tyler, Brig. Gen. J. W. Hoffman, " Brig. CiiAs. E. Phelps, Col. John A. Tompkins, " •' R. N. l)OWEi!,MAN, " L. Blumenbeiu;, " " Adam K. King, " Wm. 11. Taylor, " " 11. IL Richardson, " F.W.Simon, " " John E. Mulfoud, Capt. Albert Grant. JAMES M. MOORE, Chief Marshal. # # f4\ "i"' ^ t: % ::i?:/ .m^-c ^ 'kie^tiet , VIEW OF SHARPSBURG FROIVI CEMETERY HILL DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 58 < P5 30 O 2^ a <1 5 ^ r2 0-3 ■::; n: fcc .2 L^ -< Q OJ 5E •S <*-> ^ 3 c T^ c 7' o a cj U •d bO -fcj c ,~ u P t^ ^ -■:■• ^ ~ ^ c o ^ O p 5 o o >— 1 ^ '-*-^ ^ > o P 0/ ^*-. ct ci t^ <; w Q -3j o — o c Gj O *^ C: ^^ Ci '- r-i J. S -X^ - ,r- <-- C C o o o — Q c: OJ -« fc4 ^ o 5 = __ , __ Cj Z^ — *-^ c^ t^ S aj o — Date of Death. 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CJ ^ ^ ■ m c5 CD ^ o CD >^ b 9 f-i •—I o 1^ OP-( bOoT CO P-l >^C0iOi— lt-OiOt-CO-*'tiiOt-Oil:~OOC3tiCMcOOCOCOCMOOiOrtHa)0<>7COO'0 '*OOcDl-^OOCM'^COOOCO^tOCMC\l»OiOCDCOGiOO^-ICO^COCOOCMCO rHi— i^li— lr-ICMCMC\l(M(MCOO0CO CO CO -^ ^ '^l^fH '^_Ti-i '^ i Q iQ to lO lO O O CD O CO O H f^ 94 w H O O O CO < D5 Removed from Frederick. " " " Age 23. II II II " " Age 23. II II II Killed at Monocacy. Died of wounds received in action. Removed from Frederick. II II II II II II II II II II II II May be Adolphe Bader of Company D. Removed from Frederick. Died at Cumberland Gap, Md. Removed from Frederick. II 11 II II II II II II II Antietam battle-field. 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CD ci tc > Sv '-I (72P 0 O r-H CM r-1 CT CM CO CM O CO CI r- CO r-H '^ CO 1>- t- (M 00 CO t~ CO O O CO lO lO CTS O CM O i~ CM (M CO CO -+< lO O ut) CO r-H rti t-- i— I CM CO CO CM CO CO CO CO CO' CO ~ti lO iC O CO CO CO O O CO t-- t— t— i-H ■— I r-H 1— I •v'-i I o - p - - pq - = Fn - O K - <1 " pq CM S ^ OJ c c ■♦-' fe c o 3 O a> ■•r-^ ^ r^ o ^ S m TO - 13 - ;s s tS r/j It 0/ •a ■^ Oi ca a> * * * o ra c3 rfi ^ > O o _^ 5 »2 CSI CM CM CM CD ^O CD O GO 00 'Xi CO CM CO r-H CO r— I I— i I— I Ol ^ > > > o o o o a. 'a S a o CD 00 '^f CO 3 o CO ro <5 a a 0-> iz; fc< C3 w CD CO -^ -H ■--D O 00 CO O CD CO CO I— J O O CO c-1 O o t^ ^wi *-:, CM 'M C-^ C j-i > 6 ^' ^ -r « ^ O is Q 1^' ^^ CD C - 15^ <1 > o >^ Q > C - CD CM O Ol '^ O lO ^^ CO -H O CD CO C© lO 1— I .— ! CO CD Ol Ci X r— I r— I I— I lO ^ O O C5 I— I I— i lO O 1- '~ i-^ CO -^ X O O CO CI -ti CI O O -ti ^ l^ OOO KO^ O S ^ ce 03 _: - =1 o c3.^cScicec3c3c3c3c3a3c»-. 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O >— I CM CO -^ lO (J2CiC5CjiO<35C;:>0 00000 00'— I^Hr-lr— I.— Ir-Ht— Ir— IrH.— ICMCMCMCMCMCM t— I rH rH I— I ,—1 ,— I ,—1 CM CM CM CM CM t> O o g cu s 05 r4 ^ r^ OJ Q ««-• o ID -^^ rt O o o > ■Zi m t_ o 3 ^ <: liS^a •dlUOQ * w tf— 1 r^ << r-i ^^p^ Iz, o _^ 1^ ^ 1-5 O G ^ o O o 'ii CM N r-H Cl 1— 1 CM i—t I— 1 I— 1 C-l CO CI r-l 1— 1 >— 1 rH "^ p <^ 1=1 rH CI CI CI CI CI CI C\| O I— 1 ^ P C3 M •OX O J;- OOar-Or-MOlCO^iOCOt-GOCiO I— 1 c^icO'T:i 0^1 C--1 Oq C<1 (M C^T 01 C^ eg G^ 01 CM <>] eg eg C^l 01 CM CvT CM (M CM c<^ 180 m ■73 W a> l«=i n < M o r-^ w A 3 ra - - - ; «--x-^ ww««w-^w---- a a o o «« t3 T3 tw > > o O e O) o « p^ Q O 'S M •1,39H draoQ NAME. 1 Unknown, 1 1 i ^ ft" c < S3 1 1 1 -S o -"^ ^ 1^ « p I— 1 I— 1 1— 1 I— i a •ON 9AIU9 It-OOOiOt— lC^C0'#iO<:Dt-aDC:>Oi-HC\lC0'rtHi0Olr~0005O'— ICMCO'* i aOOOCOCiOiOiCiC^ClOtiCiCiOOOOOOOOOOOt— ii— I"— li— li— 1 1 CM CM Ol CM (M CM Ol CI CM (M CM Ol (71 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO (TO CO •?07 o - - w w ^ -^ •n,03g lO - - -- ^ w — I— 1 " " ■^ '^ "* "" 131 bo > a c3 O O CO be 3 o o g c o > o o CO CO 1-3 o 1— 1 <1 o p 1—1 rH 1—1 !: -1 o I— 1 r— 1 I— 1 1—1 1 — 1 1—1 < s ^ gp ,— 1 <1 (M r-H - rH ^ — ^ •" r^ -i^ -r^ jH .-H tH Ph a gP ^ §P i-lO.-lMWi-l'-Hr-lrHrHT-li-li-li-lr-lrH.-lrHr-i > • r-l Ph O CD t^ rH 1— ( .— 1 CO CO CO 00C75O>— iCMCO-tHiOcOt-COOlO.— I'MCO'+iiOCOt-COOO^C-lCO^tOCD r-H .— 1 Ol CM C-1 CM CM CM (M Ol CM (M CO CO 00 CO DO CO CO CO CO CO -^ -fi -+1 -J ;-t^ ^ -J CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO' CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO o- - :;-:;- r - - - - - -r::-"::^::-::-"-"::-::-:; 1— i - - :: - :: - ; - - - - - ---,'--::::----------- 182 13 O) tc! i m ■*-• W s ^ Pi < a S a w a Pi < 3 " o u t4-. 13 a; > o a tu 05 cj O) Q c- o OJ --t Q

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CM ___---,. -----,--.-.--;;--;----:;-- 1 «<08S 197 C3 C3 p- P-, . -d •^ >-j 'n .^ T3 ts '-r- 3 p ^"^ o << ^ O O o o S o o ryi -^ s t-* c CS 5 5 o 3 s - a p o 5 3 o from from -r^ T^ Tj -:3 Tl ^ -^ -^3 OJ 'i' O) O o OJ Oi > ^ > > ^ > > > o o O o o n o o S ;3 f= p o 1) O K K ei 5 "=! o o ti c ^ o ^ 3 ^ [^ a £ n O o d i: r^ r-l OJ Oj > > c O <1^ ^ K r^ CO CO a o '^ (72 t5 o ■a^ 1 1 o g- ^^ ^ a fs r^ O _ _ ^ cj o cu C - - - 02 ^ ■ipl .^ .r^ |> r-l ^ r- -1 T— < JZ2 ^w G cu /— , OJ -t-J ,_, C/J M O r-i a O ^ a rt P W t— I C\l CO ^ O O t- CO Oj O T— I C-1 CO '^ lO cr5 t- 00 Ci O r— I Ol CO ^ lO O r- 00 Oi O r— I Ol CO -*■ O O O O O O O O 1— I I— I r-H t— I ■— I >— I .— I r— I ^H t— I Ol Ol CM CM CM Ol CM (M — o > c; ^ aj ~ f-H m ^ Oi a r; Ti '~^ o r^ c O S o _ 2 ~ r - " - , £ ^ „ ^ - ■^ a S o o o o o o o tt- c: %- t^ ^C r^ 'O r— '-I ■^ t3 0* OJ o OJ OJ o > > > > P- o o O o o o o S B a a s Oj o J -J -J ^ ** — " " " . - " " " " CI P V I— 1 I— t I— 1 1-H i-H 1—1 1— ( i-H t-H CO 'di lO CD It- 00 O O r—i (M CO •* uO cC t- 00 Oj o '-HiMcOrHiOcOr^OOOiO'— iC-lcOTtHiO ix>cococDcococot— t—t—r— t^^-l>-^^t~t^ OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOiCiCiOJCTSl _00 cojoq OOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOXJOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOI M 4 <4 sa *^ ^ ^ ^ ^ -- - " " ■* ■~> — « W V. ■^ "^ _ _ « - — -. w >* « - ^ "• ^ "* "* "^ "* *• w ^ -^ ** 200 m Pi p 5 o •fl < •dm 03 O P 3 AIM 9 •u.oag I ^ CO t^ CO Ci O I— I C-l CO ^+1 lO CD r^ CO O O >— i C-1 CO "* O'jSCiCjOOOOOOOOOO'— li— t'— I"— I'— < C/jCOCOOOGsCilCj50lCSOt'CiC50t)OiCiC5CtiOiOJ M 201 I — ' O o c o 5 o .-Hi — I I — 1 I— I ^ — I i — I a I— iC— li— (i— ICMCOfO-^ij--rro^coS?-^SS ro cq t-H -™ r- 01 CD 1:~- C^ C--1 CO CO ^ 00 S I •IB^uIsoH Suuflg }8noo'j C^l lO I>1 O (M !>• r—i O: in c^ ffO 1— ro I C<1 I co in t- CD CO fO 03 C^l ■3II!Asn83iang •3I[iASn.«0Jg ■n01.l9A9jW ■* in CO CD i-i r-iinciMiM inocD-^Or- oi ooo C<1 CO i^ CI 1^ CO I s in ?q 1 CO TfC^lCOC-lCO cooococo r-oi 1— in o CM •A'ljo 3iOuapa.i^ C0»nOCTl^':), Iowa, V Maine, ^^' Maryland, ^^ Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, N. Hampshire, New Jeisey, New York, Officers, Conmiissiou'd Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia, Wisconsin, ^U. States Regulars, Vermont, Unk'n U. S. Soldiers, Unknown Soldiers, CO00I:-'MCD'3>Cii~0Oinc-1-HinCO'— 'CDCOOO'*'-' 1— 1 CM ^^r-' — 1— i-MCM •Mr-HCM — CMCM a lO CO CM •X- I ■ '.• N^ \ ■'■' ■ ,> -^^ yV V> ■/■ .V-' ^' "V- \''^ ■\^ .r \^ '. > •/' .A 'N' \ /^ v. -^' A^ ,-A y\^ ■\' ^.4' V^' .<" A'' o> r. ^^^ ^\ P ■I- \ 0^ •.\' r. x\^ -A, V- \- '■1 .. ..■A .. .^\^ ■X\ ^\ .A s\^ -/ .^ '-^ ,■ \ A^- ,~\ A '■ .' . ^^ C A^- .^-"^ '> 0-^ ' ' \ V' im s m < '^ m ■ V) t^>' fin i mmm Ifmmmmm^ LIBRARY OF congress" 013 705 452 8

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M TO g ro r^ ;-i • r-l <1) '—^ -(-> > fin OOO^OrHCNIcOCOCiOi— tC^CDCO>OcOt--03-*C^cO(>10r-(0100^'— iCOCiO<>lC<)ijr:) 1— li— l(M(M(M(M01C^C0C0C0C0'*'*'rfi-Ttl-+liOOJ>-00r-ir-(r— 1^^^ OlCOOCOCO OQCMGC'lC>l(>10:iC-1ClC\|0:iCN!C 'o .- a- o s p: fi; poo «^ c: c: ■« TS -« 0)0 >■ > > GOO s s s W Ci K o o •T3 a; ci o a> 3 bJCj o K '^ TfH -^ -ti '-H -* iC CM CI C^ 0^ Ol (M (M '^>^ Ol '-(H COCDCDCiDOOcOCDcD'iDcDcDCDCOlDCO'X) cocococcicooocococncX)cocoa3cO'XiaD(X) CI OI C-l CO C-l '^ CO ~> fcjD !>^ !_: Ph o CM fcb &QP^^Hr> d t^ ^ A - C^' .a 1 'i.^aa C^^OC^-*-— lOOCOi— ICOGOO CD O 1— i -t^ -^ 'CI CD CO C-^ .— 1 CO 1— 1 1 — \ \ — 1 t— 1 j -duioo , MpqpqpKHP^h-H^WWMM<1 i « Wakle, Martin Ward, John Welsh, Patrick Wall, Clarence Walters, Jonathan White, Madison White, Isaac M. Windon, Uriah B. AVagner, Joseph Weiner, John Wiswell, James H. West, Albert Wolfe, Henry F. Went, Lewis Westerman, George AV. AA^hitney, Isaac N. 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