ru FC: : Class i Book Go{jyright^N°_ COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT; THE MODEL 20th Century Speaker A BOOK OF ENTERTAINMENT FOR HOME SCHOOL AND CHURCH Recitations, Readings, Plays, Drills, Tableaux, Etc., together with Rules for Physical Culture and for the Training of the Voice and the Use of Gesture, according to the Delsarte System BY / FRANCES PUTNAM POGLE, B.E., Cumnock School of Oratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, 111. Numerous New and Original Musical Compositions for Special Entertainments, etc., with many Old Favorites Compiled and Written BY GEORGE M. VICKERS, A.M., Author of "Guard the Flag," " Ballads of the Occident," Etc. Illustrated by Special Character Poses, and Beautiful Half-tone Illustrations for Tableaux, Games and Platform Uses With a Department of Games and Plays for Indoor and Outdoor Entertainment WORLD BIBLE HOUSE PHILADELPHIA ^ K V< fHE L BRARV O CONGRESS. Two Copita Receive OCT. 14 1901 COPVRIQMT ENTRY CLASS ^XXc. Nc COPY 8. ing lo Act of Congress in .be GEO. A. PARKER INTRODUCTION IN presenting this work to the public, the publishers beg to state that it has been prepared expressly to meet a practical need. There are many speaker books, yet there seems to be an almost universal demand for a volume combining appropriate selections for declamation, recitation, reading, dialogues, tableaux, plays, musical num- bers, etc., which shall be suitable alike for the home, school, church, temperance, patriotic, social and all ordinary entertainments. There is hardly a community where such entertainments are not of frequent occur- reuce, and, we might say in nine-tenths of them, the chief difficulty is to find persons with ability or training to take part. A second difficulty also arises in making up a pro- gramme of suitable selections. This volume will be found a help in overcoming both these obstacles. It furnishes for the teacher and the individual a method of simple training- which enables them to train others or prepare themselves to speak easily and gracefully; and at the same time places the material at their hands from which to make suitable selections. Miss Frances Putnam Pogle, B.E., of the Cumnock School of Oratory, of Chicago, who prepares the repayments of "PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT" AND " DEL- SARTE TRAINING AND ELOCUTION," is one of the most successful teachers of these specialties. She has devoted years to the study, practice and teaching of elocution as an art. She begins by training the body to make itself a willing, grace- ful and obedient servant to the will and the emotions of the speaker. Next she trains the mind to abandon itself to the spirit of the selection in hand, forgetful of self and surroundings, the speaker becoming for the time the real character or soul of the lines rendered. The Delsartean method has been thoroughly mastered by Miss Pogle. Her instructor was trained by the famous Delsarte himself. Elocutionists and orators everywhere declare it is the only system by which to discover and develop those true powers of eloquence which, Webster declares, " Labor and learning may toil for in vain. Words and phrases cannot compass it. It must exist in the man, in the subject and in the occasion," and come from the speaker as naturally as "the breaking out of a fountain from the earth." Miss Pogle's method of teaching this subject is remarkable for its simplicity. The common-school child can follow her INTRODUCTION easy conversational description and instruction. It is written in the author's simple and familiar manner of teaching individuals by correspondence. Possessors of this book will feel as if they were her personal pupils — as they really will be — following the instructions of a letter written personally to themselves. This series of lessons will be found of incalculable value to those who have not had a course at a school of elocution and physical culture. Even reading the pages over in a casual way will be found interesting and beneficial, while a short period each day devoted to study and practice will make any ambitious young man or woman more than a fair elocutionist, besides repaying the student with general benefit both mentally and physically. Mr. George M. Vickers needs no introduction to the American people. Every child in the public schools sings his famous song, "Guard the Flag," and there are few elocutionists of note who do not number in their repertoire one or more of this author's poetic productions, for they are to be found in many of the best books of selections. His "Poems of the Occident." which recently appeared, has many new numbers, never before published, and the best of those for recitation are to be found in this volume. The special Musical Department in the work is also prepared by Mr. Vickers, and contains several of his newest and most popular songs. "Columbia, My Country," is of national reputation, the author having received special testimonials from President McKinley, the governors of many states, and others high in the public service, voicing their appreciation of the patriotic sentiment expressed in both words and music. " The New ' Dixie,' " also found in this volume, is a grand musical tribute to the South, breathing a patriotic spirit of reconciliation from a Northern soldier to those who wore the gray. The music, while new, has the same dashing time of the famous old "Dixie Land," and the words may be sung to that thrilling Southern air when so desired. " The Public School," a new and rousing school song, with a grand chorus, is fast finding its way into all the schools of the land. "The Little Foresters," a musical sketch for Arbor Day entertainment, and " The Musical Asters," a flower song with special settings, are both designed for several singers, and, with others, were prepared exclusively for this volume, and cannot be found elsewhere. The general selections for the book are divided into departments, those relating to "PATRIOTISM AND WAR," leading, in deference to the prominence of these two subjects at present, as well as to the duty of patriotism upon every citizen and our obligation . to teach it to the young. The remaining departments, " NARRA- TIVE AND DESCRIPTIVE," " HUMOROUS AND DIALECTIC," "RELIGIOUS, MORAL AND DIDACTIC," "PATHETIC," "TEMPERANCE READINGS," etc., embrace the best selections and cuttings to be obtained from a wide field of research in both ancient and modern literature. The classifying of all the selections under their proper headings renders the work of choosing suitable pieces of any character easy. Attention is particularly called to the department of " ENCORE SELECTIONS," so much sought after by popular reciters ; also to "THE LITTLE FOLKS' SPEAKER," a department of the work devoted entirely to bright speeches for children — enabling mamma to find something pretty for the child to speak in a few moments. INTRODUCTION " HAPPY QUOTATIONS is another department which, with the suggestions as to the manner of using them, will also be found both helpful and entertaining to old and young. "DIALOGUES, TABLEAUX AND PLAYS" are also grouped together in a department devoted exclusively to that class of selections ; and, the SHAKESPEAREAN DEPARTMENT," in which representative cuttings from the great plays of the world's greatest playwright are presented, will prove of special value to those who aspire to the higher levels of the dramatic art. Thus it will be seen that the work, while most comprehensive, including altogether more than 1,000 selections, suited alike to all ages and to all occasions, is so classified and arranged as to make it of the greatest possible convenience and availability in the practical using. We trust that the labor expended upon it, and the efficient and original manner in which it has been executed and arranged for the practical use of the masses may be rewarded by the cordial reception which this new and originally planned work deserves at the hands of the public. Respectfully. THE PUBLISHERS. TABLE OF CONTENTS Part I PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Military Position Relaxing Exercises for the Hand ' ' Foot 27 Exercises for Strengthening the Arms . 31 29 " " " Legs . 32 29 " for Making the Feet Strong and 29 Pliable 33 29 "to Strengthen the Hands ... 33 30 " for Strengthening the Back . . 33 30 " " Putting the Shoulders in 30 Their Proper Place ... 34 the Whole Body 31 " to Strengthen the Body as a Whole . 35 " Head " Whole Arm " Whole Leg Trunk and Arms Part II DELSARTE TRAINING AND ELOCUTION Sketch of Delsarte 37 The Correct Position for Reciting ... 39 Walking 39 Exercises for Poise and to Properly Place the Weight 40 Exercise to Acquire a Narrow Base . . 41 Exercise to Avoid Bending the Front Knee 41 Pivoting Exercises 41 Exercises to Give Lightness to Body . 42 Exercise to Add Dignity to Walk, or ' ' Stage Walk " 42 Exercise for Bowing. Front, Street Bow and Stage Bow 42 Exercise in Walking Backwards ... 43 How to Pick up Anything 43 How to Sit 44 How to Rise 44 How to Go Up and Down Stairs ... 45 Gesture 45 Delsarte's Laws of Gesture 46 Exercise for Harmonic Poise of Arms and Hands 47 Breathing 48 Breathing Exercises 48 focusing the Tone 49 Exercise for Focusing Tone 50 Loudness ' 50 Distinctness 51 Difficult Sentences 51 Words in Which Long U is often Mis- pronounced 53 Words in which Short Italian A is often Mispronounced 53 Flexibility of the Voice 54 Slowness 55 Different Styles of Reading ..... 56 I. Styles of Reading in the Natural Voice 56 a. Pathos 56 b. Solemnity 57 c. Serenity, Beauty and Love . 57 d. Common Reading 57 e. Gayety 59 /. Humor 59 II. Styles of Reading in the Oro- tund Voice 61 a. Effusive Orotund 61 b. Expulsive Orotund .... 62 c. Explosive Orotund 63 Remarks by the Editor . 64 TABLE OF CONTENTS Part III PATRIOTISM AND WAR America 66 America, an Aggregate of Nations . . 81 American Union , a Geographical Neces- sity, The 81 Admiral Susan Jane 130 American Flag, The 131 Battle Hymn of the Republic, The . . 83 Black Regiment, The 91 Boer Swan Song, The 91 Boer National Hymn 91 Baby and the Soldiers, The 99 Blue and the Gray, The 104 Battle of Manila Bay no Bound in Honor to Grant Philippine Independence .117 Bernardo Del Carpo 124 Boer Prayers at British Graves . . . .130 Columbia, the Land of the Brave ... 72 Camp Calls 92 Charge of the Light Brigade 98 Custer's Last Charge 108 Devotion to Patriotic Duty ...... 65 '' Dixie " up-to-date 90 Dirge of the Drums . 93 ' ' Do not Cheer " 112 Dixie Doodle 114 Dying Captain, The 119 Decoration Day . . .134 Fourth of July, The 94 Fitzhugh Lee 109 Freedom 's Flag . ,.....,. . 135 German's Fatherland, The 87 German Battle Prayer ........ 87 God Save the King 88 God Save the Queen . . ....... 88 Gustavus Vasa to the Dalecarlians . . 99 Greater Republic, The 114 General Robert E. Lee 128 Heroic Example has Power 71 Hail, Columbia, Happy Land 72 Hero of the Commune, The 95 Hero Down Below, The 113 Home Voyage, The 127 International Sympathies on the Increase 7 1 Incident of the French Camp ..... 96 Incident of the War, An ....... 102 I Want to Go Home 129 Love of Country, The 65 Liberty and Union, One and Inseparable 83 Lincoln's Address at Gettysburg . . . 101 Land of our Forefathers, The 120 Legend of the Declaration, A 128 Marseilles Hymn 84 Marching to Cuba 89 " Maine," Red, White and Blue, The . 89 Mother's Lament, A 93 Men Always Fit for Freedom 95 Marco Bozzaris 97 " Merrimac," The 112 Man who Does the Cheerin', The . . .122 Mother and Poet . 133 Massachusetts 136 Napoleon's Farewell to his Army at Fontainebleau, 18 14 96 New Rosette, The 107 New "Alabama," The 112 No Dishonor to Haul Down the Flag .118 On Taxing America 72 Our Heroes 90 Objection to the Mexican War .... 99 On the Force Bill 100 Patriotism Assures Public Faith ... 66 Patriotism Inculcates Public Virtue . . 67 Patriotism Broad as Humanity .... 68 Plea for Universal Peace, A 78 Parody on "Auld Lang Syne," A . . . 92 Peaceable Secession Impossible .... 101 Prophetic Toast to Commodore Dewey 1 1 o Picture of War 123 ' ' Private Jones " 129 Queen of Prussia's Ride," The . ... 97 " Recessional," The • 88 Reign of Peace Foreshadowed, The . . 77 Resistance to British Aggression ... 73 Revolutionary Sermon, A ...... . 74 Republic , the Strongest Government , A 78 Reveille 93 Rifleman's Fancy Shot, The 101 Rienzi to the Roman Conspirators in 1347 132 Roman Sentinel, The ....... 125 Saul Before his Last Battle 94 Spirit of the Age Adverse to War, The 76 Spanish Patriot's Song, The 84 Sheridan's Ride 103 Song of our Fleets 123 Soldier's Offering, A 130 Star-Spangled Banner, The 76 TABLE OF CONTENTS True Patriotism is Unselfish 66 They'll Never Get Home m To the Flying Squadron 122 Union Linked with Liberty 82 Valley Forge ,...121 War Inevitable, March, 1775, The . . 74 Washington to His Soldiers 94 Wrap the Flag Around Me, Boys . . .104 War Ship "Dixie," The ...... in Wheeler at Santiago 113 War the Game of Tyrants .120 Washington's Birthday 127 " We'll Fling the Starry Banner Out " 128 Who Will Care for Mother, Now? . .129 Yankee Dewey 9° Fart IV NARRATIVE AND DESCRIPTIVE After the Battle 150 Aunt Polly Green 167 Burning Ship, The 144 Bells, The 158 Bill Mason's Ride 164 Curfew Must Not Ring To-night ... 143 Changing Color 170 Diamond Wedding, The 145 Death of Fagin 148 Death of the Old Squire, The . . . .160 Daniel Peri ton's Ride 165 Fairy Tale, A 150 Fireman, The 159 Fire-Fiend, The . 169 Glacier Bed, The 154 Gladiator, The 162 Little Breeches 165 Little Meg and I 171 Married for Love .... 147 Pompeii 168 Raven, The 137 Rodney's Ride 157 Skeleton in Armor, The 139 Song of the Shirt, The 146 Sioux Chief's Daughter, The 163 Tom 149 Trysting Well 155 Part V PATHETIC READINGS Aged Prisoner, The 173 Bridge, The 192 Chapter From the Annals of the Poor, A 173 Death of Little Nell 174 Dying Boy, The 183 Dying Alchemist, The 191 Good-Night, Papa 175 Gambler's Wife, The 186 In the Bottom Drawer 179 Limpy Tim . . 182 Nobody's Child 190 Our Folks 180 Old Man's Vigil, The 181 On the Other Train 185 Old Spinster, The . . . 189 Poor Little Jim 176 Poor Little Joe 179 Progress of Madness, The 184 Singer's Climax, The 183 To Mary in Heaven 182 Part VI HUMOROUS AND DIALECTIC Admiral Von Diederichs 216 An Apostrophe to Aguinaldo . . . .216 Baby in Church 194 Buck Fanshaw's Funeral 207 Baby's First Tooth, The 220 Bell- Wether and the Deacon, The . .225 Baby's Soliloquy 227 Bill Nye on Hornets 232 1ABLE OF CONTENTS Case of Gtmn vs. Barclay 204 Casey at the Bat . 205 Comet, The 212 Counting Eggs 220 Christopher Columbus 229 De Campane of Nineteen -Hundred . .195 Der Drummer 206 Dying Confession of Paddy McCabe, The 210 Drummer, The 217 Elder Lamb's Donation 241 Experience with a Refractory Cow . . 242 Girl's Conversation Over the Tele- phone, A 230 " Helen's Babies " on Noah's Ark . . 198 How ' ' Ruby ' ' Played 200 Hans and Fritz 209 Interviewer, The 236 Kentucky Philosophy 199 Leedle Yawcob Strauss 209 Man and the Mosquito 196 Mollie's Little Ram 211 Manifest Destiny 211 Mark Antony's Original Oration . . .219 Mark Twain Introduces Himself . . . 232 Most Obliging Little Sister, A .... 226 Miss January June's Lecture on Wom- an's Rights 229 Miss Malony on the Chinese Question . 238 Mrs. Caudle Has Taken Cold .... 240 Owl-Critic, The 203 Ol' Pickett's Nell 215 Paddy's Reflections on Cleopatra's Needle 206 Photogragh Album, The ....... 234 Reverie in Church 197 Requiem on the Ahkoond of Swat . . 244 Serenade to Spring, A 221 Sermon for the Sisters 231 School Girl 's Declaration of Independ- ence, A 242 Then Ag'in 218 Theology in the Quarters 222 Terry O'Milligan, the Irish Philosopher 233 Widdy O 'Shane's Rint, The 193 Was It Job That Had Warts on Him ? . 194 When We Get There 202 " When Huldy 'Spects Her Beau " . . 205 What the Little Girl Said 222 Yankee in Love, A 228 Zeb White's Unlucky Argument . . . 234 Part VII RELIGIOUS, MORAL AND DIDACTIC Apostrophe to the Mountains, An . . .256 Advice to Young Men 262 Apostrophe to Niagara 265 Advice to a Young Man 267 After Twenty Years 269 Brotherhood of Man, The 247 Books of the Old Testament, The . . .251 Building and Being 251 Brought in Pa's Prayers 252 Bravest of Battles, The 263 Clipping the Bible 246 Christian Martyr, The 247 Cynic, The 262 Crucifixion, The 246 Don't Be in a Hurry 264 Don't Fret 272 Funeral, The 265 Forgiveness 267 " God is Calling Me " 246 Glories of the Life Beyond, The . . .251 Good Old Mothers 265 3ood Nature 27 a How Prayer Was Answered 253 How the Organ Was Paid For .... 255 Influence of Small Things 264 Last Hymn, The 263 Life is What We Make It 271 My Creed, 245 New Ten Commandments, A 248 No Religion Without Mysteries .... 253 No Sects in Heaven 257 Oh, Why Should the Spirit of Mortal Be Proud ? 248 One Touch of Nature 257 Papa's Letter 261 Pegging Away 270 Rizpah 254 Shall We Know Each Other There . . 255 Stick to Your Bush 269 Tact and Talent 268 Universal Prayer, The 245 Wanted — A Minister's Wife 266 We are not Always Glad When We Smile ........... 270 TABLE OF CONTENTS Part VIII TEMPERANCE READINGS Appeal for Temperance 276 Brave Boy, A 280 Cost of the First Drink 274 Drunkard's Daughter, The 282 Face on the Floor, The 274 Men Behind the Vote, The 276 New Declaration of Independence, A . 277 Power of Habit, The 277 Pledge With Wine 283 Two Glasses, The 281 Water and Rum 273 What is a Minority 279 Part IX LITTLE FOLK'S SPEAKER Among the Animals 292 Address to a Teacher, An 299 Army Diet 309 Baby, The 287 Boy's Mother, A 288 Blue and the Gray, The 294 Best of Menageries 299 Bluebell's Reward, The 301 Boy Who Didn't Pass, The 301 Boy's Lecture on "Knives," A . . . 302 Boys Wanted 303 Baby's Logic 303 Blessed Ones, The 305 Christmas Has Come 292 Children's Day 297 Closing Address 299 Doll Rosy's Bath 290 Dialogue for Two Boys 294 Days of the Week 304 Easter Bonnet, An 307 First Pair of Breeches, The 298 Fourth of July Record, A 304 Fairy People's Spinning, The . . . .311 Grandmother's Chair 288 Good Country, A 289 George Washington 303 Grandpa's Aversion to Slang . . . .312 How the Sermon Sounded to Baby . . 287 Her Papa 309 If I Were You 305 Johnny's Opinion of Grandmothers . .310 Katie's Wants 289 Lament of a Little Girl • 288 Little Girl's Speech About Herself, A . 288 Lulu's Complaint 291 Little Tommie's First Smoke . . . .291 Little Boy's Wonder, A 291 Little Kitty 292 Little Boy's Lecture, A 294 Meaning of the American Flag, The . 289 Mary and the Swallow 292 Missionary Hen, The 307 New Baby, The 290 Only Child, The 290 Opening Address, An 298 Price He Paid, The 310 Queer Little House, The 301 Questions About Women 307 Remember, Boys Make Men 306 Rough Rider at Home, A 308 School Girl's Presentation Speech . . 297 School Idyl, A 304 Song of the Rye 308 Spanish War Alphabet 309 That's Baby 290 They Say 293 Time Enough 293 Twenty-third Psalm 305 Tale of a Dog and a Bee 306 True Bravery 311 Valedictory 299 Vacation Time 300 Why I'd Rather be a Boy 288 Why Betty Didn't Laugh 289 Words of Welcome 298 When Mamma was a Little Girl . . . 298 Watermillion 298 What a Boy Can Do . . . . . . . . 303 What to Drink 305 When Father Carves the Duck .... 306 TABLE OF CONTENTS Part X ENCORES Avast, There George 314 Aunt Jemima's Courtship 315 Ain't He Cute 320 Bonaparte to the Boer 317 Dad's Swore Off 321 Did You Ever See ? 320 Farewell, Old Shoe 322 From Sublime to Ridiculous 321 Grandpapa's Spectacle's 322 He Came 316 Indian Mixed Oratory 314 Just My L,uck 313 Little Orphant Roberts 317 Lost Penny, The 319 Mother's Advice, A 314 Mrs. Lofty and I 315 Maiden's Ideal of a Husband, A . . . 320 Marchin' Wid De Ban' 321 New " Lest We Forget," The . . . . 317 Old Cane Pole, The 319 Only a Baby's Hand 318 Poor Indian, The 313 Trouble Borrowers 319 Total Annihilation 320 Unfinished Still 315 Village Choir, The 316 Part XI DIALOGUES, TABLEAUX AND PLAYS Creed of the Bells, The 325 Caesar's Message to Cato 344 Courtship Under Difficulties 350 Christmas Eve (A Pantomime) .... 358 Castles in the Air 359 Dream of Fair Women, A 345 Failed 327 Farmer's Kitchen Before Thanksgiving 358 Gustavus Vasa, From 341 Goin' Somewhere 352 Gipsy Camp (Tableau) 357 Home Scene in the Chaplain's Family, A323 Hallowed by Thy Name (Tableau) . . 358 Lochiel's Warning 343 Love in the Kitchen 356 Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland . . . 336 Polish Boy, The 326 Pageant of the Months 329 Pat's Excuse 335 Peasant Boy, From the 339 Resolve of Regulus, The 328 Signing the Pledge (Tableau) ... .358 Sam Weller's Valentine (Tableau) . . 358 Scripture Tableau 358 Scripture Scene (Tableau) 358 Two Flower (Flour) Girls (Tableau) . 358 Uncle Pete 334 Woman's Rights (Tableau) 357 Part XII SHAKESPEAREAN DEPARTMENT Antony and Ventidius — From Antony and Cleopatra 372 Coriolanus and Aufidius 374 Lost Reputation — From Othello . . .365 Mark Antony to the People on Caesar's Death 369 Othello's Apology — From Othello . . . 362 Quarrel of Brutus and Cassius — From Julius Ccesar 370 Seven Ages of Man 376 Trial Scene — From Merchant of Venice . 366 TABLE OF CONTENTS Part XIII MUSICAL DEPARTMENT America — " My Country, 'tis of Thee " Christmas Song, A Columbia ! the Gem of the Ocean . . Columbia, My Country Little Foresters, The Musical Asters, The Old-Fashioned Flowers 379 Old Oaken Bucket, The 392 Our Army and Navy 394 Public School, The 402 Star-Spangled Banner 389 Stars and Stripes Forever, The .... 390 Yankee Doodle 396 Part XIV HELPFUL QUOTATIONS Addison, Joseph 406 Bacon, Lord 405 Burns, Robert 408 Bonaparte, Napoleon 408 Byron, Lord 409 Bryant, William Cullen 409 Beecher, Henry Ward 412 Browning, Elizabeth Barrett 413 Burnett, Frances Hodgson 414 Confucius 404 Cicero 404 Cervantes 405 Cowper, William 408 Campbell, Thomas 409 Carlyle, Thomas 410 Cross, Mrs. Marian Lewes 413 Childs, Lydia Maria 413 Cook, Eliza 413 Cary, Alice 413 Cary, Phoebe 413 Dante 405 Dodge, Mary Abigail 414 Emerson, Ralph Waldo 410 Fuller, Thomas 407 Franklin, Benjamin 407 Goldsmith, Oliver 408 Gladstone, William Ewart 412 Gough, John B 412 Hood, Thomas 410 Hugo, Victor 410 Holmes, Oliver Wendell 411 Hule, Sarah Jane 413 406 407 Johnson, Ben Johnson. Dr. Samuel Jefferson, Thomas Jackson, Andrew 408 Keats, John 409 Longfellow, Henry W 410 Lincoln, Abraham 412 Lowell, James Russell 412 Lippincott, Sara J 414 Mohammed 404 Milton, 407 Montgomery, James 409 Mann, Horace 410 Plutarch 405 Penn, William 406 Pope, Alexander 407 Payne, John Howard 410 Raleigh, Sir Walter 405 Solon 404 Shakespeare 405 Scott, Sir Walter 409 Sigourney, Lydia H 413 Sangster, Margaret E 414 Tennyson, Alfred 411 Voltaire 407 Washington, George 408 Webster, Daniel 408 Wellington, Duke of 409 Wordsworth, William 409 Whittier, John G 411 Wilcox, Ella Wheeler 414 Part XV MISCELLANEOUS SELECTIONS Apostrophe to John Chinaman Arsenal at Springfield, The . Bijah's Story Brutus over the Body of Lucretia . . . 430 Cicero and Demosthenes Compared . . 430 Casabianca 44 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Decorating the Graves of our Heroic Dead 4 1 5 Decoration Day 416 Dolly's Birthday 423 Difficulty of Rhyming, The 441 In Marget's Garden 421 Ichabod 445 Kiss in the Tunnel, The 434 Keeping House for Two 441 King Wheat 442 Last Leaf, The 429 Lightkeeper's Daughter, The 440 Man Without the Hoe, The 423 Memorial Day 416 Mosaics 443 Nell 438 Ode to Embonpoint 420 Our Sermon Taster 425 Our Banner 428 Only the Clothes She Wore 431 Old Glory 444 President Kruger's Address at the Funeral of General Joubert .... 424 Parody on Casabianca, A 446 Salvation and Morality 427 Schooling a Husband 432 Supposed Speech of Regulus 437 Toussaint L'Ouverture 417 Two Gentlemen of Kentucky . . . .418 " Them Yankee Blankits " 433 Twilight Story 442 Ugly Sam 435 Will New Year Come To-night ? . . .436 Part XVI PROGRAMMES 1 . A Fourth of July Entertainment 448 2. Washington's Birthday Entertainment , \ . .449 3. School Entertainment or Exhibition 450 4. Christmas Entertainment 451 5. A Parlor Entertainment ,,,... 452 Part XVII PLEASURES AND PASTIMES Football , 453 Baseball 455 Cricket 456 Golf 457 Hockey 458 Polo and Lacrosse 459 Lawn Tennis and Croquet 460 Quoits 461 Ten Pins and Shuffle Board 462 Archery 463 Athletic Sports 463 Hurdle Racing and Jumping 464 Throwing the Hammer and Putting the Weight 465 Cycling 466 Playground Games 467 Marbles and Tops 467 Indoor Amusements 469 Peg-in-the-Rug 468 Acting Proverbs 469 The Adjective Game and Consequences 470 The Clairvoj'ant 470 Twenty Questions and Magical Music . 47 1 Hunt the Slipper — Hunt the Ring . .471 Blind Man's Buff and Shadow Buff . . 472 Forfeits 473 Characteristics 474 A Penny for Your Thoughts 475 Progressive Initials 476 Charades and Tableaux 477 Games of Chance and Skill 478 Dominoes and Chess 480 Draughts 481 Social Organizations 482 Election of Officers 482 Duties of Officers 483 Parliamentary Law at a Glance .... 483 Hints for Literary Clubs 484 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, PORTRAITS, TABLEAUX, ACTING SCENES, ETC. Adoration 106 Aggrieved Lover, The 141 Courage of Faith, The 69 Charlie Davidson, the Noted Boy Soprano 223 Child of the North Star 295 Coquetry 188 Comic Negro Speech 213 Envy, or " Sour Grapes " 353 Faith in the Red, White and Blue 286 Fanny Davenport in Cleopatra 296 Football, A Game of 363 Group from "Shenandoah," A 80 Hacket as Prince Rupert 285 " How It All Happened " 259 Henry Miller and Mayante Anglin 250 " I'm a Little Flower Girl " 286 " I'll Sing You a Good-Night Song " 79 Indoor Games 364 " I Have It— Just the Thing I Will Do " 115 Jessie Miller, the Fair Young Cornetist 223 Luxury Without Love 178 Little Lord Fauntleroy 295 Listening — Attention 105 Lawn Tennis 363 " Madam, I'm at Your Service " . 116 Maud Adams and Robert Edeson 250 Marie Burroughs 285 Mercutio, the Friend of Romeo 177 "Now, It Is This Way" 151 Pleasing Pose, A 178 Ready to Fight 106 Richard Mansfield in " Beau Brummel " 296 Suggestive Decorations 354 Songs of Long Ago 224 "Surely Some One Did Call Me " 152 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Salutation 214 " This Dagger Shall Avenge Me " 116 Thinking It Over 260 Vicar and Olivia, The 187 Watching the Charge • 69 William Gillette and Katherine Florence 80 Waiting For a Reply 142 Waving Adieu 70 " You Know It Is a Pretty Story " 249 SPECIAL POSES ILLUSTRATING ATTITUDES, GESTURES, ETC., APPEARING IN PART II. DELSARTE TRAINING AND ELOCUTION Anxious- Solicitous 60 Anger 54 Beckoning — Summoning • 63 Courtesy, The 51 Command, "Stop!" 57 Command, " Go !" 57 Coquetry 51 Exhaustion 59 Fear 56 Flight 50 Grief or Hearing Bad News , 58 Hatred or Aversion 53 Horror 55 Joy or Gladness , 49 Longing— -Pleading 62 Meditation 61 Mirth 52 Mimicry 64 Physical Pain 59 Ridicule 52 Revenge 53 Rejection 56 Secrecy 56 Scorn — Independence 58 Salutation 63 Sauciness 64 Silence 62 Supplication ■ 54 Uncertainty 60 Vanity , 61 Watching 49 Welcome — Delight 50 Part I PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT By FRANCES PUTNAM POGLE What do we mean by " Physical Development ? " It is the training of the bodily organs and powers with a view to the promotion of health and vigor, or strength. Too much stress cannot be laid upon physical development when one begins to study Elocution. To begin with, the first requirement for public speaking is " physical strength." Because in order to become a successful public speaker one must be strong enough to withstand not only the nervous strain un- der which such an one is constantly labor- ing, but also the physical strain which of necessity must come to the body from long standing and constant activity in changing from one character to another during an evening's program. Besides, one cannot possibly lose himself in a selection unless the body is free from pain, and perfectly at ease. The least pain or awkwardness in any part of the body, the mind concentrates itself upon that one part to the exclusion of all else, and, instead of decreasing, the pain or awkwardness increases by much thinking on, until the infection spreads over the whole body and finally takes entire possession of the mind as well. The result is a failure, in which the reci- tation has degenerated into mere as Hamlet says. What was the cause of the failure ? One little part of the body which was not up to the standard I Nothing to speak of — but enough to spoil the good effect of all the stronger parts. As a chain is only as strong as its weakest link, so the human body is only as strong, and, shall we say as graceful? as its weakest part. Shakespeare has it — " So, oft it chances in particular men, Carrying, I say, the stamp of one defect, The Doctor's Test. After looking at a rather dyspeptic patient a moment, an eccentric physician said very abruptly, " Where is your stomach ? ' ' "Here!" said the patient, promptly, though looking bewildered by the question. ' ' How do you know ? ' ' said he. " Why, because that's where the pain is whenever I swallow anything." " Then my supposition was correct," de- clared the doctor. I thought you had dys- pepsia the moment I laid eyes on you, but thought I'd test you to make sure." As the patient looked puzzled, he con- tinued : " You see, a person who has a good stomach oughtn't to know that he has one, much less where it is." The doctor's rule for a good stomach is my rule for a good body. On getting up to recite, if you feel that you have a body, then there is something wrong with it. When your body has reached the state where it is not a subject of consid- eration to you, then and not until then, will you be able to do your best work. After all, the body is merely the veil through which the soul shines, or the glass 27 28 PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT through which the sun shines, If the veil is marred in any way, the attention of the outsider is drawn to the mar, while the soul which shines through is unnoticed ; or, if the pane is blemished, the beautiful sun- shine comes through but dimly, and then in distorted shadows. Is it possible ever to attain to the state where one is unconscious of the body ? Yes ; but only after long and careful work. In order to reach that condition you must pass through one of extreme and pain- ful self-consciousness, but it will pay in the end. In order to reach heaven, one must pass through ' ' the valley of the shadow of death ! ' ' Most of the things worth having on earth are only the result of great and painful effort. Ask any one who has ever seen it, if the view from the top of Mt. Blanc is not worth the struggle up its side. So do not be discouraged, but as Emerson says : ' ' Hitch your wagon to a star ! ' ' All great orators and actors have had physical defects to overcome. Look at Demosthenes ! Who does not know the story of his patient and successful efforts to overcome his life-long habit of car- rying one shoulder lower than the other ? One of my earliest recollections is the pic- ture of that great orator reciting in front of his mirror with the sharp-edged sword placed so that it would cut into the flesh every time his shoulder should sink to its old level. Abraham Lincoln, with his loose-jointed frame and homely face, was by nature the embodiment of awkwardness ; but when roused to the pitch of eloquence the beauty of his soul transfigured him, until his every move was strength, grace and dignity ! And so I might go down the long line of famous speakers, pointing out some fault or faults in each, which had to be overcome be- fore greatness was attained. For the sake of illustration let us liken the body to a garden. What does the ex- pert gardener do before planting his seed ? He begins by pulling out or cutting down the weeds, which, if allowed to grow, would soon overrun the whole garden, choking out the seed which he intends to plant in the future. Then he plows or spades the earth in order to loosen it ; after which it is ready for the planting. How does he plant his seeds ? By simply throwing them upon the surface of the soil , and then paying no more attention to them ? No, he plants them carefully, seeing that they are covered with earth ; and then he tends them day after day, until the fruit ripens under his care into perfect growth and sym- metry, and is ready for use. To one who would be an effective speaker the mental faculties are the gardeners, the body is the garden ; the weeds are the faults of carriage and bad habits formed in years of thoughtlessness ; the instruments with which he loosens the soil are the relaxing exercises ; the loosened soil is the body when it has become free of faults ; the seeds are the principles for obtaining strength, ease and grace, without which nothing can be truly beautiful ; the careful planting is the putting in of these principles by steady practicing of exercises which will take root in the body ; the careful tending after the seeds have taken root, is the watchfulness of the mind to see that the body does not break the laws of nature ; and the ripened fruit is the body which has become so thoroughly developed and perfected under long and care- ful training that it is no longer an impedi- ment, but the instrument through which the soul works its will. To quote from a former figure, the blem- ish in the glass, the mar in the veil, are gone, and now we see the sublime spectacle of the workings of a human soul. Following the wise leading of the gar- dener, I will begin by trying to weed out your faults and bad habits of carriage. In the first place, have you any bad habits or peculiarities which need to be corrected ? Let me tell you right here that not one in a hundred is free from some, and, in most cases, many, defects of carriage. Some- times it is one thing, sometimes another, but usually the fault lies with the hands, feet, head, abdomen, shoulders, or the plac- ing of the weight. By watching yourself you can soon tell if you have any faults to overcome. When you enter your friend's parlor, if you feel as if you do not know what to do with your hands or feet, then the trouble lies with them. If any other part feels too promi- nent or heavy, then the trouble lies there. PHYSICAL DEVEL0PMEN1 To relieve stiffness and awkwardness of any part of the body, I should advise thorough practice in the following relaxing exercices. I shall frequently use the term ' ' Military Position." By it, I mean — {Military Position. ) i. Heels together, with toes at an angle of forty-five degrees. Head erect. Shoulders well up. Arms close at sides. Knees stiff. Weight on the balls of the feet. Abdomen back in place. Chest up. Relaxing Exercises for the Hand. i . Military position. 2. Clasp the left wrist firmly with the right hand, at the same time letting the left hand hang as if dead or relaxed. 3 . By moving right hand and arm , shake left hand violently up and down, round and round in every direction, until it feels numb, or, as if all the blood in the body were in it. (Be sure that the right hand and arm are doing all the work.) 4. Reverse the movement, making left hand do the work and right hand hang relaxed, etc. {Repeat ten times.') II. 1. Military position. 2. Lean the body forward and dip the tips of the fingers into an imaginary basin of water. 3. Shake the water off violently. {Repeat twenty times.') III. 1. Military position. 2. Clench hands tightly at sides, arms being tense and strained. 3. Hold strained position while count- ing twenty. 4. Relax arms and hands. {Repeat fifteen times.) Relaxing Exercises for the Foot. 1. Military position. 2. Right foot forward. 3. Lift right foot off the floor, bending the leg at the knee. 4. Relax right foot. 5. Shake right foot violently as if shak- ing off water. 6. Right foot back to place. 7. Reverse the movement, putting left foot forward, etc. {Repeat eight times.) II. 1. Military position. 2. Place hands on hips. 3. Lift right leg, bending it at knee, and letting lower leg hang relaxed. 4. By quickly raising and depressing upper leg, swing the relaxed lower leg backward and forward in a movement resembling the pawing of a horse. 5. Reverse the movement. {Repeat five times.) Relaxing Exercises for the Head. I. 1 . Military position . 2. Press the head back as far as possible until the muscles under the chin and at the back of the neck feel strained . 3. Relax those muscles, letting the head hang back, relaxed. 4. Bring the head to place. 5 . Press the head as far as possible to the right until the muscles at the left and right sides of the neck feel strained. 6. Relax the muscles. 7 . Reverse this movement , pressing head to left, etc. 8. Press head forward as far as possible, and relax. 9. Press head straight up as far as pos- sible, and relax. {Repeat this movement all the way through four times.) PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT II. i. Feet in military position, hands on hips. 2. Close eyes and slowly relax the head, letting it fall forward on the breast. 3. Imagine life cut off at the neck, and the head simply attached with a string. 4. By moving the trunk in a circular direction, let the head roll around of itself, making several circuits of the body. Be sure that the head does none of the work. Relaxing Exercises of the Whole Arm. 1 . Stand with left foot at walking step in advance of right, letting right arm hang relaxed at side, and placing left hand on hip. 2. Move the body forward and back, shifting the weight first to forward foot and then to back, and bending the knees more and more each time. If the arm is perfectly relaxed it will swing forward and back, going a little higher each time, until at last it moves clear around in a circle parallel to the body. 3. Reverse the movement, placing right foot forward, and relaxing left arm. 4. Double the movement, letting both arms hang relaxed, etc. {Repeat this movement five times.') II. 1 . Military position . 2. Keeping body perfectly rigid, raise arms straight over head. 3. Hold arms erect while counting twenty. 4. Let them drop relaxed at sides. {Repeat this movement five times.) Relaxing Exercises for the Whole Leg. 1 . Stand with the left foot on a thick book or a small elevation. Balance weight carefully on it. 2. Let right leg hang relaxed. (If it is entirely relaxed, the toe will point down- ward.) 3. Move the body forward and backward bending slightly at hips. This action of the upper body ought to swing the leg, if it is relaxed, very gradually higher and higher until it moves like a pendulum. 4. Reverse the movement. {Repeat five times.) II. 1 . Military position . 2. Lift right leg straight out in front, having whole leg and foot tense, with toe pointing away from the body. 3. Hold this position while counting four. 4. Let the leg drop relaxed. 5. Reverse this movement, lifting left leg, etc. {Repeat this eight times.) III. 1 . Lie flat on the floor. 2 . Lift right foot up as far as possible. 3 . Hold strained attitude while counting twenty -five. 4. Let it drop relaxed. 5. Reverse the movement, using left foot. {Repeat ten times.) Relaxing Exercises for Trunk and Arms. (To be without tight or stiff clothing.) i . Take a rather wide base, letting arms hang relaxed at sides. 2. Slowly relax face, letting eyes close and chin drop. 3. Slowly relax head, letting it drop forward on the breast. 4. Slowly relax shoulders and spine, letting the head, arms and trunk sink grad- ually until the whole upper body hangs lifelessly to the hips. 5. Hold this position while you can count thirty. 6. Shift weight from right to left and back, repeating the movement until the relaxed trunk, arms and head swing from side to side. 7. Slowly energize, letting the life steal upward through the spine, then shoulders, then head, then face ; and lifting the body PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT 3i into correct position, i. e., hips and abdo- men back in place, and shoulders well drawn up, instead of being thrown back. This movement, especially, is often given by prominent nerve specialists to their patients as being fine for the nerves of the back , which are the most delicate of the body . Relaxing Exercises for the whole Body. (All tight or stiff clothing should be removed for this move- i. Lie flat on the back on the floor, with arms at sides, and eyes closed. 2 . Lift the head and hold it off the floor while you count ten. 3. Let it drop, relaxed. 4. Lift right leg and hold aloft while counting twenty. 5. Let it drop relaxed. 6. Lift left leg, and hold aloft while counting twenty. 7. Let it drop relaxed. 8. Lift right arm straight up while you count thirty. 9. Let it drop, relaxed. 10. Lift left arm straight up while you count thirty. 1 1 . Let it drop, relaxed. 12. Lie quietly five minutes until thor- oughly relaxed. This exercise is often given to produce sleep, and is much more restful to the body and mind than two hours of unre- laxed sleep. If you are at all nervous, lie down quietly and relax yourself. It will soothe you more than any amount of rest- less turning and twisting in trying to get to sleep. Before giving a recital I always go through with the relaxing exercises, and then lie down quietly for thirty minutes. It makes me feel delightfully refreshed. This completes the first of relazing exer- cises. Remember that unless you practice them faithfully, you will continue in your old faults. This is the only way to cure them. As you cannot build a symmetrical house without a foundation, so you cannot build a symmetrical body without the relax- ing exercises. In fact, they are the foun- dation of the house of strength, ease and grace. No teacher of elocution could com- mit a greater crime toward a pupil than to give him gesture work before curing him of his faults of carriage ! Such teachers bring ridicule upon our art, which is the oldest in the world, — the art of expression. Now that we have laid the foundation, let us put up the framework. For what does the framework stand ? Beauty ? No ! Grace ? No ! For what, then ? For strength. If the reader has access to a gymnasium, I should advise the use of the Indian clubs, dumb-bells, parallel bars, chest bars, vault- ing pole, punch-bag, rings and turning pole, for developing physical strength. I might say right here that this advice is to women and girls as well as to men and boys. All of the above-mentioned appara- tus can be used as well and as profitably by the one sex as by the other, if the women are properly dressed and do not go to an excess. One of the greatest pleasures I have ever known was in conquering the different appa- ratus until I could use them as well as any boy in the gymnasium. If you have not access to a gymnasium, you can do a great deal to develop your strength by using the following exercises : Exercises for Strengthening the Arms. 1. Military position and hands closed firmly at sides. 2. Right hand at chest. '3. Right hand back at side. 4. Repeat. 5. Left hand the same. 6. Both hands the same. 1 . Both hands clenched on chest. 2. Right hand shoot straight out in front at shoulder. 3. Back to chest. 4. Repeat. 5. Left hand the same. 6. Both hands the same. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Both clenched hands on shoulders. Right hand straight up. Back to shoulder. Repeat. Left hand same. Both hands same. II. III. (To be pra i. Military position. 2. Taking a chair by the top of back in the right hand, raise it slowly at full arm till on a level with the shoulder. 3. Lower it slowly to ground. 4. Use the left hand and arm. 5. Put the chair in front of you, and lift it with both hands, being careful not to bend at the waist line. IV. 1. Take hold of anything from which you can hang, a short distance from the ground. 2. Try to draw your chin up to your hands. {Repeat this five times.') Exercises for Strengthening the Legs. 1. Feet in military position, hands on hips. 2. Right foot forward in a diagonal line, putting weight onto it at same time. Back to place. Repeat. Left foot same. Right foot forward and back. Left foot forward and back. Right foot forward and back. Left foot forward and back. "Anvil Movement." 1 . Place clenched fists one on top of the other at arm's length in front, about on a level with the waist line, so that the thumb of the right hand touches the little finger of the left. 2. Drop the right hand in a circular movement, bringing it around with all its force and striking the clenched left hand on top, send it round to come back and strike the right, which repeats the movement as before. This must be done in such a way that anyone looking at you from the side sees each arm perform a perfect circle. II. 1 Place hands on hips. 2. Run on toes round and round a iarge room or out of doors, being sure to touch merely the ball of the foot. III. 1 . Heels together, body erect and lightly poised over the balls of the feet, and hands held out in balancing attitude. 2. Bend the knees slightly. 3. Jump straight up into the air, coming down on toes with heels still together. 4. Sink heels slowly to ground, but keep weight poised over balls of the feet. {Repeat ten times.) IV. 1 . Place your back against a flat surface, say a door, being sure to see that your head and heels also touch the door, and that your hands are flat at sides. 2. Without removing head from door, drop straight down as far as possible, bend- ing the body nowhere except at knees. 3. Raise the body in same way. {Repeat fotir times.) (This movement, as you will find upon trial, is very difficult, and takes much practice before satisfactorily performed.) V. Military position. Raise right foot and kick violently. Right foot back to place. Raise left foot and kick violently. Left foot back to place. {Repeat ten times.) hips. VI- Feet in military position, hands on PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT 2. Right foot forward. 3. Shift weight to it. 4. Bend right knee, sinking almost to floor, and keeping body perfectly erect. 5. Rise slowly, keeping weight on the ball of the front foot. 6. Shift weight to back foot. 7. Right foot back to place. 8. Reverse the movement, placing left foot forward, etc. {Repeat five times.) Exercises for Making the Feet Strong and Pliable. I might remark here that it is very im- portant to use the joints of the feet, if one desires to become a graceful walker. Noth- ing is more ungraceful than that flat-footed walk which one so often sees on the street. Siddons' Opinion. It is said of the great Siddons that at one time a young actor who had taken the peo- ple of England by storm, came to her to ask for her patronage. She put him upon the stage, watched him go through one scene of Hamlet, and then told him quietly but firmly that she had no place for him in her com- pany. When asked her reason for this deci- sion, she remarked: "My dear young sir, you walk as if your feet had no j oints . Every time your foot falls flatly on the plank, it sends a cold shiver all over me. Could I, think thee, fall in love with a flat-footed Hamlet f Godzooks, no ! I prithee, go limber up thy joints ! " We cannot afford to slight the opinion of so great an artist as Siddons, therefore let us come to the point. I. 1 . Heels together, hand on hips, weight on balls of feet. 2. Rise on toes slowly, counting one, two, three. 3. Hold position, counting one, two, three. 4. Sink slowly to first position, counting one, two, three. {Repeat five times, being sure to see that your body rises and sinks gradually but firmly, not in an uncertain manner.) Exercises to Stengthen the Hand. I. 1 . Clench and open hand forcibly as if grasping and unwillingly releasing some- thing with which you do not wish to part. 2. Do this first with one hand and then the other. {Repeat twenty times?) II. 1. Beginning at the centre of the palm, make the life and force flow gradually out- ward to the tips of the fingers and thumb, opening the hand slowly and forcibly at the same time. 2. Close the hand in the same way, let- ting the life slowly flow from the finger-tips back to the centre of the palm. 3. Work on this movement until the hands are so thoroughly under the control of the will that the movement resembles the opening and closing of the petals of a flower. Exercises for Strengthening the Back. There is a warning I should give, and perhaps this is the best place for it. It is : Women, be careful of your backs / The most delicate and most easily injured part of a woman's body is the region around the waist line, just at the middle of the back. Why is it delicate? Because it is so terribly abused. Every time a woman puts on her hat, or ties her veil, or combs her hair, I will venture she misuses her back ! How do women stand when they per- form those functions ? They stand, as a rule, with their shoulders bent back, their abdomens pro tuding and theirweight thrown way back on their heels. How should they stand ? They should stand with theirshoul- ders erect, their backs either perfectly straight or bent slightly to the front, their abdomens back in place, and their weight always on the balls of the feet. My dear reader, if you are a woman, try to do these things properly next time, and see how much easier it is to do them with the correct than with the incorrect poise. Also remember that it is just as important to 34 PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT carry yourself properly in your home as it is ou the streets, and, indeed, I might say more important, for more of your time is spent at home than on the streets. Have you ever known a woman who didn't care anything about her appearance at home, and who went around the house with her should- ers and abdomen entirely out of place, but who straightened up considerably and made a fairly good appearance on the street ? I am sure you will not have to look far to find such a one. Very likely that woman was continually complaining of headaches and backaches. No wonder ! With such treatment the wonder is that she was ever free from them. Half of the nervous disorders come, not so much from overwork, as from carelessness in the use of the body. Whenever I see a man or woman pounding along down the street, with the body all out of poise and the weight on the heels, it makes me shudder ; for I think how every step jars the delicate spine which, in turn, jars the base of the brain. What wonder that headache is the result ! Professor Paine, of astronomical fame, always walks on the tips of his toes. It looks rather peculiar to see a tall, thin person like the professor tiptoeing down the street, and the first time I saw him I was decidedly amused, though I instantly knew why he was doing it. His nervous system is very delicate, and he walks in this way in order to save his spine and brain from jarring. If he had only known, he could have accom- plished the same result without making him- self so conspicuous. One can walk with the entire weight on the balls of the feet just as well when the heels are touching the ground, as when they are not. In fact, that is ex- actly where one should always carry the weight. All of the movements I have given, work toward strengthening the back, inasmuch as the spine is to be held rigidly through most of them, and this very rigidity is of itself strength -giving. The relaxing move- ment for the trunk, head and arms is espe- cially good for that purpose, as, when the body is relaxed, the back is rested, and, when the spine is slowly energized, the back is made to use each vertebra separately. Therefore the back is made pliable and yet strong ; for it does all the work of lifting the heavy and apparently lifeless trunk, head and arms. I. (Before beginning this movement all stays and tight garments must be removed.) i. Place the feet a slight distance apart. 2. Without bending the knees, bow the body forward, and very slowly down, down, with hands extended as if pressing some- thing to the floor. 3. When you have reached your limit, rise slowly with palms turned upward as if pressing something toward the ceiling. 4. When your hands are on a level with your shoulders, turn the palms down and repeat the movement. (Repeat ten times.} II. 1. Military position. 2. Raise arms straight over head. 3 . Quickly sway the body forward at the hips, and swing arms forcibly in a circular movement downward, trying to touch the floor. 4. Raising the body quickly, repeat the movement. (Repeat ten times.) III. 1 . Military position ! 2. Place right foot forward and shift weight to it. 3. Rise on tiptoe, and at the same time lift the arms, reaching up as far as possible, being certain not to bend back, but to reach forward and upward. 4. Sink back to place, letting arms fall relaxed at sides. (Repeat ten times.) (This w, for Exercises for Putting the Shoulders in their Proper Place. 1. Military position. 2. Place the tips of the fingers on the tops of the shoulders. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT 3. Keeping the fingers in their places, revolve the elbows slowly toward the front, making them perform circles of which the shoulders are the centres, and which are as nearly parallel to the sides of the body as possible. and most perfect circles possible, using your shoulders as the {Repeat the wovement ten times.} Reverse the movement, making the elbows start over and toward the back. {Repeat the movement ten times.} The idea in this movement is to make the elbows come as nearly as possible together in the back II. 1 . Place yourself in the corner of a room so that you are a foot and a-half from and facing the angle. 2. Place the palms of your hands so that they are on the two surfaces forming the angle, at about a foot and a half from the line of intersection, and so that they (the hands) are on an exact level with the shoulders, and with the fingers pointing up. 3. Keeping the whole body (with the exception of the arms) perfectly rigid, and making the elbows move on a level with the shoulders, press your face forward until it rests in the angle formed by the intersect- ing walls. {Repeat ten times.') (This exercise is not only good for properly placing the should- ders, but also for strengthening theback and arms, and for widen- ing the chest line across the front while narrowing it a-ross the il days, the lameness M III. 1. Military position. 2. Raise the arms straight up in front till the palms of the hands touch on a level with the shoulders. 3. Keeping the body perfectly rigid and erect, swing the arms quickly around to the same relative position in the back, making the backs of the hands meet on a level with the shoulders. {Repeat the movement ten times.) (This movement is al jhree or four days' practi 1 very easily.) a beginner, but after IV. 1. Place your back firmly against a door, so that your shoulders and headtoucW the door. 2. Interlace your fingers behind youi neck, being sure to see that neither youi head nor shoulders leave the door. 3. While in this position make youi elbows touch the same surface which youi head and shoulders touch. 4. When your shoulder-blades are per- fectly flat keep the same position, only walk about for five minutes. Now that I have given exercises to strengthen each of the separate parts of the body, I shall give one which will test and develop the strength of the body as a whole or unit. Exercises to Strengthen the Body as a Whole. 1. Stand erect, with your feet a very lit- tle distance apart. 2. Bend over until the palms of the hand are flat on the floor, and then, by mov- ing one hand before the other (keeping the feet where they are), advance your body along the floor until it is extended at full length, the weight resting entirely upon the toes and hands, and the whole body as rigid as a bar of iron. 3. Still keeping the body rigid, slowly bend the arms at the elbows until the face touches the floor between the hands. 4. Raise the body slowly until the arms are straight. 5 . Repeat the raising and lowering pro- cess three times. 6. Slowly move the hands toward the feet, the body having meantime bent itself double. 7. Rise to upright position. In our house of beauty we have laid the foundation by means of the relaxing exer- cises, and built the framework by means of the strengthening exercises ; so we must now begin to put up the walls and build the roof, or, in other words, teach you to standi to walk, and to do many other ordinary 36 PH YSICAL DE VEL OPM ENT things, properly and gracefully, for there is a good and a bad way to do everything. Those who are acquainted with the de- lightful little story, " The Birds' Christmas Carol," by Kate Douglas Wiggin, will doubtless remember Mrs. Ruggles' saying to the children before they started for their Christmas part} ' ' I wish I could git it into yer heads that 'taint so much what yer say, as the way yer say it! " Mrs. Ruggles was a philosopher ! She had discovered the secret of societj' ! I say to you, ' ' It isn't so much what you do, as the way you do it." Remember that you are being judged at all times and in all places. You may hand a beggar a penny and he will know you are a lady, while your next door neighbor may throw him a dollar and be judged just what he is, — a commoner. Not that the dollar isn't appreciated, but — " 'taint so much what you do, as the way you do it ! " The exercises which are to follow, though they oome under the head of Physical Cul- ture, are classified under the more specific branch called " Delsarte." {See next di- vision.} Part II DELSARTE TRAINING and ELOCUTION By FRANCES PUTNAM POGLE I NEVER hear that name that I do not feel reverence for the man who bore it. Sketch of Delsarte. Many years ago, in the early part of the nineteenth century, there was born in a little village in France, a child who was destined to become one of the most famous men of his times — Francois Delsarte. As is almost always the case with men of genius, his early life was anything but plea- sant. His father, a physician, was posses- sed of a proud, hard nature, which was not improved by constant worrying over money matters. Whenever anything went wrong, the father's spite was vented on his wife and sons. In fact, matters went from bad to worse, until one day the mother, feeling that anything was preferable to her past life, took her two small children and went to reside in Paris. Madame Delsarte was a woman of marked abilities, and, had she lived, would, doubt- less, have done much to encourage her elder son in his struggles to develop his talents ; but shortly after reaching her desti- nation, her sad career was brought to an abrupt close, and her two children were left shelterless in the streets of Paris. The younger child, a frail little fellow, was not long in following his mother, and thus we find Francois, at the age of ten, alone and penniless. A poor old rag-picker, finding the little fellow numbed with cold and weak from hunger, took him to his miserable home and cared for him. The next two years of Delsarte's life were spent in helping his pro- tector to gain a meagre livelihood. Not much chance to develop genius here! So it seems, but, nevertheless, it was during these two years that Delsarte's great passion for music began to show itself. Many a night, after a hard day's work, the poor lit- tle rag-picker would be seen following some favorite street band from place to place, sit- ting with rapt face until the music ceased, and then trudging patiently behind the musicians until they played again. One day Bambini, the great teacher, found a small ragged boy making peculiar marks upon the sand in the gardens of the Tuile- ries. ' ' What are you doing my child ? ' ' said the old professor, interested to know what was meant by the figures. ' ' Writing down the music that band is playing," somewhat impatiently replied the youngster, not knowing to whom he was speaking, and being anxious not to lose any of the tune. " Who taught you ? " said Bambini. " Nobody, sir ; I taught myself." Thus it was that Bambini discovered Delsarte. The kind-hearted master took the child home and taught him until the pupil outstripped the teacher. At 14, Delsarte entered the Conservatory, where he developed a style entirely different from that of his instructors. Malibran, the great singer, encouraged him in bis methods, and later on, by sheer pluck and indomitable will, Delsarte gained a position as principal singer in the Op£ra Comique. 3« DELS ARTE TRAINING AND ELOCUTION After four years of almost unprecedented success on the stage, he had the greatest sorrow of his life — he lost his voice. Though terribly shaken by this calamity, he cour- ageously went to work at something which had always interested him — the study of the human body and its capabilities of expres- sion. His manner had always been distin- guished for its courtliness, and, in fact, dur- ing his operatic career, people had been attracted to him as much by his imperial gestures and wonderful grace of person, as by his magnificent voice; so, now that the one was gone, he decided to make use of the other. The first thing that he did was to make a thorough study of anatomy and physiology in order that he might know all of the uses and capabilities of the muscles. Then he began to study the effect of the different emotions upon the body; and, in seeking his subjects for experiment and study, he went through the whole gamut of the social scale, from the highest to the lowest. In order to make his deductions, not from one class of individuals, but from all classes, he studied his friends, who were among the highest in rank, and also spent a great deal of time visiting the hospitals and prisons. Among his pupils were the great Rachel, Sontag and Macready on the stage ; and Pere Hyacinthe in the pulpit, besides mem- bers of most of the royal families of Europe, who sought his instruction in order to make themselves more attractive. Many persons are under the impression that Delsarte taught a new way to stand, sit, walk, and so forth ; but he did no such thing. He taught the best way to do these things in order to obtain the most ease and grace. Surely no one would be better able to do this than the man who made the art of expression his life study. What do we mean by ' ' Delsarte ' ' when we speak of it in the abstract ? Delsarte is the study of the human body with a view to making it respond easily and gracefully to the promptings of the soul, or, in other words, Delsarte is the art of expres- sion. Is it positively necessary to study Del- sarte in order to become expressive ? Look about you and see for yourself. Does your mother have any difficulty in expressing her anger ? Do you feel at a loss to express your indignation when you see any one stoning a poor dog ? Does the baby stop to wonder how it can let you know that it has cut its finger ? Not a bit of it. The diffi- culty lies in controlling your expression, so as to make yourself understood. The ques- tion is not, can you express your feelings, but — are you able to express them easily and gracefully. Emotions are expressed in different ways by different people, as, for instance, anger. Some express anger by tapping the floor with the foot, others by protruding the lower lip , and others in still different ways ; but there are certain general characteristics which always appear in an angry person, such as the clenching of the hands, the straightening of the figure to its full height, the terseness of all the muscles, the disten- sion of the nostrils, and the widening of the eyes. So it is with all emotions, and it is the study of these general characteristics that enables one to sink the individual in the type, a feat which is absolutely necessary in order to become a good elocutionist. There is nothing more detrimental to a pub- lic reader than to have mannerisms which he carries into his character sketches. He must absolutely lose himself in the charac- ter which he wishes to represent. Another thing to remember is this — in expressing a sentiment, you must do it in such a way that it will appeal to the instincts of every one in your audience as being the right expression.. The only way to do this is to make use of the general characteristics. " But," you say, " How shall we know what are the general characteristics ? ' My answer is, " By keeping your eyes open, and by comparing the effects of the same emotion upon different people." In order to become a good impersonator, you must learn to notice everything that goes on around you. If you see a peculiar expres- sion on any face, go home and try to- imitate it. It is very seldom that I leave a street car, or return home from down-town with- out two or three examples which I mean to imitate as soon as I reach my room. In DELSARTE TRAINING AND ELOCUTION 39 time, you will find that the study of faces is one of the most interesting occupations you have. There is a great pleasure in con- quering a set of unruly muscles and making them do as you wish. However, before trying to take on other people's characters and carriage, you must be perfectly sure of your own . Your body must be so thoroughly trained that it is under control, and will respond instantly and gracefully to the slightest emotion or volition. It must be so perfectly trained that an ungraceful or unsympathetic action would be impossible to it. How can you accomplish this result ? By constantly watching yourself and cor- recting every mistake immediately after it is made. We are mere creatures of habit, and if you never let a faulty action pass, by- and-by your body will form the habit of do- ing these things correctly, and then you will do them without thinking. You must be so sure of it that it never causes you a qualm ; or, in other words, you must be thoroughly master of your body before you can become unconscious of it. Have you never visited a reading class when you have thought to yourself, " How awkward these children are ! " Yet, ten to one, if you had seen these same children on the playground during the recess period, you would have thought exactly the oppo- site. Why is it ? Because the moment the child had a book put into his hand, and was told to "stand up and read," he became self-conscious. What is ' ' stage- fright ' ' ? It is merely another form of self-con- sciousness, — uncertainty as to appearance and correctness of poise. Therefore it is very important that you should know exactly how to poise yourself so that when you get up to recite, you will not be bothered by such questions as, " Am I standing right ? " or " Is my position graceful ? ' ' but you will know that it is all right. The Correct Position for Reciting. Stand easily, with one foot in advance of the other about the distance of a walking step, with the arms relaxed at sides and the hands falling naturally slightly in front of the hips . Let the head and shoulders be held easily erect, being careful to avoid all appearance of stiffness or angularity. The weight must be kept over the balls of the feet, and shifted easily from one foot tc the other, according to the emotion or character represented. There are three principal positions to be used in recitations — the objective, the nor- mal or neutral and the subjective. The ob- jective is with the weight poised over the front foot, and is used in all descriptive reading and in the emotions that are di- rected against things outside of your own body. The normal or neutral is with the weight poised over both feet, and is used to express uncertainty or doubt. The subjec- tive position is with the weight poised over the back foot, and denotes deep thought or meditation, fear and all emotions directed toward self. Unless you change your position with an object in view, avoid unnecessary shifting of as it indicates nervousness. Be sure to keep a narrow base, as nothing will spoil your appearance on the platform more than standing with a broad base. There is a saying of Delsarte's that runs something like this : " A wide base indicates conscious weakness ; a narrow base, con- scious strength." For examples to prove this rule, we need not seek far. For instance, notice a child just beginning to walk. It is weak and uncertain of itself, and there- fore takes wide base. So does an intoxicated person, or one who is old and feeble. For an example of conscious strength and a narrow base, take the runner, or the statue, " Flying Mercury." In both cases the weight of the whole body rests upon the toe of one foot. Another suggestion which should always be heeded is this : Do not let the front knee be bent when your weight is on the back foot. Whenever this happens it gives an awkward, humpish appearance to the whole body. The chest should be held well up, but not to the extent of giving a conceited look to the reader. Walking. An easy, graceful walk is so great a charm to one's personal appearance that no one 4° DELS ARTE TRAINING AND ELOCUTION can afford to slight it. Nothing gives one a greater appearance of good breeding or self-possession . Have you ever seen a woman stumble into a room as if dumped out of a bag ? Contrast this entrance with the easy, digni- fied entrance of some other guest, and the force of this suggestion will come home to you. One should never hurry into a room as if afraid the door would be shut if not there in time ; nor should one slink into a room as if wishing to get in without being seen ; but walk in easily and naturally, as if entering your own parlor. The same caution should be observed in taking the floor for reciting. Walk to your place naturally, forgetting none of the little courtesies of polite society, as if you were going to take a chair or do any other ordi- nary thing. Nothing is more ridiculous than a stilted or conceited manner, and nothing more to be avoided than a fright- ened, flurried appearance. This easy manner can be cultivated and acquired in time by perseverance. I shall never forget an experience that I had at a temperance entertainment. It was given in a friend's parlors for the benefit of the W. C. T. U. When the programme was about half finished, a number was announced, and, mailing up the centre aisle, came a girl of about twenty. Her face had on it an expression of sneering contempt which plainly said, " I know I am foolish to recite at this place. None of you are capable of entering into my high sentiments." She was followed by a chorus of very audible groans. Imagine the sympathy felt by the audi- ence for her when she began to recite, that beautiful, humble old poem of John Knox, "Why should the spirit of mortal be proud." I echoed the sentiments of a young fellow who sat in the same row with me. Turn- ing to one of his neighbors he said rather forcibly, — "Well — if that's elocution, — excuse me ! ' ' "V ou cannot affoi«l to lose the sympathy of your audience as did this young woman, so beware ! Correct position in walking is the same as in standing ; but there are sorhe suggestions which are important to remember. i . In walking, swing the leg as a unit from the hip, and never bend the knee of the forward foot. 2. Dignity is added to the walk by keep- ing the toe of the back foot on the ground as long as possible. This is what is called the " stage walk." 3. The arms should never swing beyond the draperies, and, if relaxed, they will not do so. 4. Be very careful not to break at the waist line, as that gives a slouchy appear- ance. The trunk from the hips up, should be perfectly rigid. 5 . Walk so that if you should strike a wall, your chest would strike first. In other words, your chest should always lead, and the head, feet and rest of the body should follow. 6. Avoid walking with a jerk. The movement should be continuous and even. 7. Do not swing the hips from side to side, as it gives an extremely vulgar effect. 8. If you are going in one direction, and ' want to turn suddenly about, do not take three or four steps to turn yourself, but pivot. Exercises for Poise and to Properly Place the Weight. I- 1. Military position. 2. Rise slowly on toes, counting one, two, three. 3. Sink slowly back until heels touch floor, counting one, two, three, as before, and keeping weight on the balls of the feet. {Repeat twenty times.) II. " Flying Mercury " Movement. 1. Military position. 2. Right foot forward at an angle of forty-five degrees from the front. 3. Shift weight to right foot. 4. Rise with weight poised upon the toe of the right foot, at the same time lifting the left foot off the floor, and raising right arm diagonally at front and just over the DELSARTE TRAINING AND ELOCUTION 41 right foot, till on a level with the shoulder, while at the same time left arm rises diago- nally at back. 5. Lower heels and arms to place, and bring right foot back to military position. Reverse the movement, putting left foot forward, etc. (Repeat Jive times with each foot.) the head following the direction of the weight and the trunk taking the opposite direction. 3. Reverse the movement, gradually withdrawing the weight from the right leg, give it over to the left, the head and trunk moving in opposition as before. (Repeat twenty times.) III. 1. Stand in position, the heels a few inches apart, the toes pointing outward. 2. With a springy, dancing movement of the body, take a step forward and back to place first with the right foot, then with the left springing lightly on the balls of the feet as in waltzing and marking time rhythmically, one, two forward and back to place on the right foot ; three, four forward and back to place on the left. 3. Repeat the movement backwards, — one, two, backward and forward to place on the right foot ; three, four, backward and forward to place on the left foot. 4. Continue the movement to the right and to the left, pointing the toes of the foot on which the step is taken, obliquely from the body, and marking time as before. (Repeat Jive times.) IV. " Pendulum ' ' Movement. 1. Stand with the feet slightly apart, the weight resting equally on both feet, 2. Slowly sway the body forward until its weight rests entirely on the balls of the feet, but without lifting the heels from the floor. 3. In the same manner sway backward as far as possible with the weight entirely on the heels. Avoid over-balancing in the movement, and bend no part of the body except the ankle joints. 1. Stand with the feet slightly apart, the weight resting equally on both feet. 2 . Withdraw the weight gradually from the left leg, giving it entirely to the right, Exercise to Acquire a Narrow Base. 1 . Select either a crack in the floor or a seam in a carpet. 2. Stand in military position directly over this line so that it runs between the two feet and touches the heels exactly at the line where they meet, and divides the angle between the two feet in halves. 3. Keeping the feet in the same rela- tive position to the line, walk slowly for- ward, being sure to see that the heels do not cross the line but just touch it each time. Exercise to Avoid Bending the Front Knee. 1. Military position, hands on hips. 2. Shift weight to left foot. 3 . Without bending the right leg at the knee, swing it forward as a unit from the hip, counting one. 4. Then swing it back as far as it will go, counting two. 5. Repeat this three times and on the fourth, take a step putting weight into right foot and leaving left foot free. 6. Reverse the first movement, swing- ing left leg forward and back three times, and stepping on the fourth swing. (Repeat this movement, walking slowly all around the room.) Pivoting Exercises. I. 1. Feet a slight distance apart, weight on the balls of the feet. 2. Put weight on left foot. 3. Pivot from left to right at same time shifting the weight to right foot and lifting left foot from floor. DELSARTE TRAINING AND ELOCUTION 4. Pivot from right to left, at same time shifting weight to left foot and raising right foot from the floor. {Repeat twenty times.) Suggestion : — Of course all pivoting is to be done on the toes, not on the heels. II. 1 . Military position , 2. Right foot diagonally forward. 3. Shift weight to right foot. 4. Pivot from forward foot to back foot, shifting weight at same time and taking right foot off the floor. (If you have done this correctly, you ought to be facing diago- nally opposite to where you first faced). 5. Pivot from left foot to right foot, shifting weight to right foot at same time and lifting left foot off the ground. {Repeat twenty times.) IIP Walk from one side of the room to the other, and when you have reached the other side, pivot on the forward foot and walk back, pivoting when reaching the opposite wall, etc. Exercises to Give Lightness to Body. I 1. Military position, hands on hips. 2. Cross right foot in front of left, touching merely the toe of the right foot to the floor. 3. Rise on toes and pivot clear around to left, coming back with right foot crossed behind left foot. 4. Right foot back to military position. 5. Reverse the movement, crossing left foot over right and pivoting to right. {Repeat twenty times.) II. 1. Military position. 2. Right foot diagonally forward. 3. Shift weight to it. 4. Pivot from right to left foot and kneel at same time over the strong {or left) foot. 5. Rise on left foot, keeping all the weight on it. 6. When erect, pivot and shift weight from left back to right foot, kneeling at same time over right foot. 7. Rise on right foot, keeping all the weight on it. 8 . When erect .pivot and shift weight , etc . {Repeat this movement ten times with each foot.) Exercise to Add Dignity to Walk, or " Stage Walk." {During this exercise count one, two, three.) 1. Military position. 2 . Swing right foot forward from the hip about the distance of a walking step. 3 . Shift weight to right foot , keeping the toe of the left foot on the floor and giving a forward impetus with it. 4. Swing left foot forward from the hip the distance of a walking step. 5. Shift weight to left foot, keeping the toe of the right foot on the floor and giving a forward impetus with it. {Repeat forty times.) pearance by keeping as tall as possible. Along with walking should be considered what I think is very important — bowing. The old ceremonious bow is now out of vogue, and in its place we have a much more graceful substitute. The proper bow at the present time is a slight incli- nation of the whole body from the ankle upward. A nod of the nead is ill-bred. The side bow should be made over the weak foot (z. e., the foot on which the weight does not rest). The front bow {which is also the stage bow) should be made over the strong foot. Exercises for Bowing. Front, Street Bow and Stage Bow. I. 1. Military position. 2 . Put right foot forward, shifting weight to it, and, at same time, bowing over it to some imaginary approaching person. DELS ARTE TRAINING AND ELOCUTION 3. Reverse the movement, bowing over left foot, etc. 4. Take it in connection with the walk- ing exercises. Side, Street -Bow. 1. Military position. 2. Right foot forward, putting weight into it at same time. 3. Bow from the ankle to the left over the left foot {which is also the weak foot) . 4. Reverse the movement, bowing over the right foot. 5. Take this in connection with the walking exercises, being careful not to im- pede the progress by the bow. The Comedy Bow. This is frequently made on the stage after one has made a particularly good hit in some funny selection, and is loudly ap- plauded. It consists simply in a nod of the head with the face looking jauntily over the shoulder, which is turned toward the audience. All that the audience sees in this bow is the back with the face peeping over its shoulder. Exercise in Walking Backwards. Remember that in these movements the head moves with the weight, and in opposition to the trunk, the same as in the bows. How to Pick Up Anything. Often I have seen people make themselves ridiculons, if not positively vulgar, by bending over to pick up something, when they might have done it gracefully and much more easily, if they had only known how. Never bend over from the hips to pick anything up ; but always keep the trunk straight and bend the knees. This is so very important that I have decided to give special exercises for it. L 1 . Military position . 2. Place your left foot forward and put the weight on it. 3. Drop your handkerchief on the floor at your right side. 4. Without bending at the hips or waist, quickly drop straight down, keeping the weight still on the left foot, using the right foot merely to steady yourself ; and, picking up the handkerchief in the right hand, rise quickly to first position. In this way the left leg does all the work, and none of the vulgar parts of the body are brought into prominence. 5. Reverse the movement putting the right foot forward and dropping handker- chief to the left. {Repeat ten times.) 1. Military position. 2. Place right foot back, touching the toe to the floor, at the same time bowing the body forward from the ankle over the left foot, which is also the strong foot. 3. Shift weight slowly to the back foot, at the same time lifting the heel of the front foot and straightening the body back until it forms a straight line from the crown of the head to the toe of the front foot, which just touches the floor. 4. Place left foot back and repeat the movement. Keep on walking backward until the movement comes easily. II. 1. Repeat the last movement, only throwing your handkerchief to a distance and then walking up to it, managing your steps so that the weak foot will always be next to the handkerchief. 2. Practice this with someone else, having her drop her handkerchief, and you pick it up for her. In this exercise, in order to get the best effect you should be standing at a distance when the handker- chief is dropped. Be sure, after rising, in handing the handkerchief to the owner, to bow slightly and act as if it were a pleasure,, 44 DELS ARTE TRAINING AND ELOCUTION saying "Allow me," "Permit me," or something to that effect. The rcceipicnt of the handkerchief should also bow slightly and render thanks. Our reason for introducing details which pertain to social life, in connection with a talk on Delsarte, consists in the fact that Delsarte is not applicable to the stage or rostrum alone, but to everyday life as well. Besides, if one does not perform these little offices correctly in everyday life, he will be certain to do them incorrectly before the public, when subject to a nervous strain. How to Sit. Suggestions on this subject are important, inasmuch as, not more than one person in a hundred takes a chair gracefully. The other ninety-nine either flounce, plump or bounce into it. Settle into your chair slowly and steadily. If there are arms to the chair, one hand may rest lightly on one of them. In other words, bow into the chair, or, as Delsarte says, melt into it. Always sit well back into the chair so that the back will not be bent, and keep the weight poised over the forward part of the lap, or toward the knees so that the trunk may be easily revolved in any direction, and the sitter may rise without giving a jerk at the start. I have seen people take hold of the arms of a chair and actually pull themselves up by the strength of their arms . That is very wrong. The arms should do none of the work in sitting or rising. It should be done by the trunk and legs. Never cross the legs, nor let the knees fall far apart. This gives as vulgar an effect to the body in sitting as a wide base does in standing. L,et the knees fall close together with one foot in advance of the other. Never show the soles of the feet. The toe of the advanced foot should always touch the floor. The same caution about the waist line should be observed in sitting as in standing and walking. Be careful not to break at the waist line. Doing so, throws the circles out of position. The Circles of the Body. Delsarte says we are to imagine that there are circles drawn around the body at the ears, at the neck, at the chest, at the waist, at the hips and at the ankles. These circles are always to be kept parallel. The moment one dips towards another, the body is out of poise. For instance, suppose that you are in the habit of walking with your head bent forward. Then the circle around your ears dips toward the circle around your neck. If you are in the habit of standing with your abdomen thrust forward, the circle around your hips slants upward in front towards the circle around the waist. This idea of the circles is a great help in keeping the correct poise. The circles may change their relative positions in any way, just so they do not lose their parallel posi- tion, i. nal anthem of Great Britain has become so closely th the hymn "Ammra" that thev com insmar. iusic being < George S. C: w'ordTb y y C Re v! L W.' 1 1 . . B T : '.' 1 er - all] ha Doctor of Music, were used in Lone 1745, In tht e rcign n uf 'George XL?** :arly, with its oricin. Geora > the author. The followin :d by T. S. Dupui* Version of 1793. r\ od save great George our King, \JT Long live our noble King, God save the King, Send him victorious, Happy and glorious, Long to reign over us, God save the King 1 Let discord's lawless train Know their vile arts are vain, Britain is free ; Confound their politics, Frustrate their knavish tricks, With equal laws we mix True liberty. England's stanch soldiery, Proof against treachery, Bravely unite ; Firm in his country's cause, His sword each hero draws, To guard our King and laws From factious might. When insults rise to wars, Oak -hearted British tars Scorn to be slaves ; Ranged in our wooden walls, Ready when duty calls To send their cannon-balls O'er Ocean's waves. O Lord our God, arise, Scatter our enemies, And make them fall. Cause civil broils to cease, Commerce and trade t' increase; With plenty, joy, and peace, God bless us all. Gracious to this famed isle, On our loved Monarch smile, With mildest rays ; Oh, let thy light divine On Brunswick's royal line With cheering influence shine To latest days. GOD SAVE THE QUEEN. Present Version. God save o.ur gracious Queen, Long live our noble Queen, God save the Queen ! Send her victorious, Happy and glorious, Long to reign over us ! God save the Queen I O Lord our God, arise, Scatter her enemies, And make them fall. Confound their politics, Frustrate their knavish tricks, On Thee our hopes we fix, Oh, save us all. Thy choicest gifts in store On her be pleased to pour. Long may she reign 1 May she defend our laws, And ever give us cause To sing with heart and voice, God save the Queen 1 THE "RECESSIONAL.' God of our fathers, known of old — Lord of our far-flung battle-line — Beneath Whose awful Hand we hold Dominion over palm and pine — Lord God of Hosts, be with us } r et, Lest we forget — lest we forget ! The tumult and the shouting dies — The captains and the kings depart — Still stands Thine ancient Sacrifice, An humble and a contrite heart. Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet, Lest we forget — lest we forget ! Far-called our navies melt away — On dune and headland sinks the fire — Lo, all our pomp of yesterday Is one with Nineveh and Tyre ! Judge of the Nations, spare us yet. Lest we forget — lest we forget I If, drunk with sight of power, we loose Wild tongues that have not Thee in awe- Such boasting as the Gentiles use PATRIOTISM AND WAR 89 Or lesser breeds without the law — Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet, Lest we forget — lest we forget ! For heathen heart that puts her trust In reeking tube and iron shard — All valiant dust that builds on dust, And guarding calls not Thee to guard— For frantic boast and foolish word, Thy mercy on Thy people, Lord ! Amen. Rudyard Kipling. MARCHING TO CUBA. Melody of ' ' Marching through Georgia This selectio n may be us This may b ment if boys be dressed in C and forth on th< ing through Get >rgia." With Dewey, Schley and Sampson we need not have a fear, For they will guard the harbors while we attack the rear ; We'll plant our flag on Morro, and give one mighty cheer, When we march into Cuba. — Chorus. W. Gilbert Kayser. We're going down to Cuba, boys, to • battle for the right. We're going to show those Spaniards that we Yankee boys can fight, And when the 7 see us coming they'll scatter left and right, When we march into Cuba. Chorus. Hurrah, hurrah, we'll sound the jubilee, Hurrah, hurrah, boys, Cuba shall be free ; And so we'll sing the chorus, from Mt. Gretna to the sea, While we are marching to Cuba. 'Twas in Manila Bay, boys, our ships the foe did meet, We didn't need a hurricane to wreck the Spanish fleet, But just one Dewey morning and our vict'ry was complete, As we were marching to Cuba.— Chorus. In Santiago harbor Sampson has them bottled tight. Hobson put the cork in, and we think he did it right : And when they find they can't get out they'll have to stand and fight, When we march into Cuba.— Chorus. THE "MAINE" RED, WHITE AND BLUE. Air— "Red, White and Blue.'' LET us honor the dead of our nation, the sailors so brave and so true ; The lads who now sleep in the ocean, who died for the red, white and blue. The battleship "Maine" is their casket, their souls are with God in review, And widows and orphans are mourning the loss to the red, white and blue. Chorus. Three cheers for the red, white and blue ! Three cheers for the sailor boys true ! Three cheers for our loyal White Squad- ron, And three for the red, white and blue ! The ironclad "Maine" at Havana, like a monarch of absolute rule, Undreaming of woe or disaster, undream- ing of knave or of tool, Lay at rest and at peace in the harbor, the stars watching o'er her brave crew, When death and destruction o'ertook her, and sullied the red, white and blue. Chorus. Then honor the dead of her crew, Then honor the living so true ; Then honor the loyal White Squadron, And cheer for the red, white and blue ! If treachery's hand held the missile that shattered our noble ship " Maine," America's grieved population will discover it, even in Spain ; And the God of our Fathers in justice to the cause of the brave and the true, Will guide us in wiping dishonor from our beautiful red, white and blue. Joseph Kerr. go PATRIOTISM AND WAR OUR HEROES. ,lir; — " Tramp, Tramp, Tramp, the boys are Marching." In the battle front you stood When the fierce onslaught was made, From the trenches on San Juan hill ; But before the Spanish knew Our gallant boys in blue Were upon them in the trenches, brave and true. Chorus, Welcome home, ye gallant heroes, Welcome home— yes, one and all Who went forth, like gallant men, to fight our battles again , In the cause of humanity. While encamped upon the field, Ready to fight and not to yield To any foreign foe or Spanish Don ; For our Yankee boys will fight In a cause that's just and right, And they're in it to a man with all their might. Some had fallen on the plain, Others with fevers they were slain, But their heart were ever brave and true ; In mem'ry they shall last, Though their time on earth is passed, For they've gone to join the God of battles in heaven anew. And our starry banner free Shall float o'er America, For our government has no conquest in its plan : Puerto Rico we shall keep, As indemnity Spain can't meet, To pay for lessons taught by Uncle Sam. YANKEE DEWEY. mgthel i.ippy parody r Doodle," and may be sung to the air of that fan Yankee Dewey went to sea, Sailing on a cruiser, He took along a company, Of men and guns, a few, sir. Chorus. Yankee Dewey ; Ha ! Ha ! Ha J Dewey you're a dandy ; With men and guns and cruisers, too, You're certainly quite handy. He sailed away to the Philippines, With orders for to snatch them, And thrash the Spaniards right and left, Wherever he could catch them. — Chorus And Yankee Dewey did it, too, He did it so complete, sir. That not a blooming ship is left, Of all that Spanish fleet, sir. — Chorus. Oh, Yankee Dewey, you're a peach, A noble, gallant tar, sir ; You're "out of sight," you're out of reach, We hail you from afar, sir. — Chorus. We greet you with three rousing cheers, For you and your brave crews , sir ; For the deeds you've done and the victory won, For Yankee Doodle Doo, sir. — Chorus. Yankee Dewey, keep it up, You certainly are handy, With men and guns and cruisers, too, Oh, Dewey, you're a dandy. — Chorus. O. H. Cole. " DIXIE " UP=TO=DATE. Song of the Southern Volunteers. Tunc oj Dixie. I wish I were in the far, far North To cheer my comrades starting forth ; Hurrah, hurah, hurah, hurah ! Their fathers were of ours the foes — But that's forgot like last year's snows. Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah, hurrah ! Chorus. O Yankeeland and Dixie ! Hurrah ! Hurrah ! In Yankeeland and Dixieland We're linked together, heart and hand ; Hurrah ! hurrah ! for Yankeeland and Dixie. They fought in blue, we fought in gray — But that's a tale of yesterday ; Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah, hurrah ! And now we don the blue again To down with them the Dons of Spain, Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah, hurrah ! — Cho. PATRIOTISM AND WAR 91 We're going to drive from Cuba's isle Starvation, tyranny and guile ; Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah, hurrah ! And when we've downed those Dons of Spain, Why, then we're coming home again. Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah, hurrah ! — Cho. John Hall Ingham. THE BLACK REGIHENT. The following ; by the colored soldiers as they ; specimen of many composed by Is during the Spanish War. It is DE cullud troops, dey marchin' — De regiments gwine pas' ; "En whar did de Guv'ment sen' you?" " We gwine ter de Tortu-gas! " Oh, my wife en chillin' ! Make way en lemme pass ! De Guv'ment sen' me fur frum home ! I gwine to the Tortu-gas ! De cullud troops, dey marchin' — Dey trompin' down de grass ; " En whar is de Guv'ment sen' you ? " ' ' We gwine ter de Tortu-gas ! ' ' Oh, my wife en chillin' ! Make way en lemme pass ! De Guv'ment sen' me fur frum home — I gwine ter de Tortu-gas. THE BOER SWAN SONG. One of the best poems called forth by the Eoer-British War of 1899-1900, was published in the Capetown Telephone, and bears as hearing the advance'of the British forces wTthVconlcTousne'ss that the dream of a Boer empire in South Africa is at an end. YES, the red-coats are returning ; I can hear the steady tramp, After twenty years of waiting, lulled to sleep. Since rank and file at Potchefstroom we hemmed them in their camp. And cut them up at Bronkerspruit like sheep. They shelled us at Ingogo, but we galloped into range, And we shot the British gunners where they showed. I guessed they would return to us — I knew the chance must change — Hark ! the rooi-baatje singing on the road ! But now from snow-swept Canada, from India's torrid plains, From lone Australian outposts, hither led; Obeying their commando, as they heard the bugle's strains. The men in brown have joined the men in red. They come to find the colors at Majuba left and lost, They come to pay us back the debt they owed ; And I hear new voices lifted, and I see strange colors tossed, 'Mid the rooi-baatje singing on the road. The old, old faiths must falter, the old, old creeds must fail — I hear it in that distant murmur low — The old, old order changes, and 'tis vain for us to rail ; The great world does not want us — we must go. And veldt, and spruit, and kopje to the stranger will belong, No more to trek before him we shall load ; Too well, too well I know it, for I hear it in the song Of the rooi-baatje singing on the road. S. J. O. B. THE BOER NATIONAL HYMN. Right nobly gave, voortrekkers brave, Their blood, their lives, their all For freedom's right, in death's despite, They fought at duty's call. Ho, burghers ! High our banner waveth, . The standard of the free, No foreign yoke our land enslaveth, Here reigneth liberty. 'Tis Heaven's command, here we should stand, And aye defend the volk and land. 92 PATRIOTISM AND WAR What realm so fair, so richly fraught, With treasures ever new, Where nature hath her wonders wrought, And freely spread to view ! Ho, burghers old ! Be up and singing, God save the Volk and land, This, burghers new, your anthem ringing, O'er veldt, o'er hill, o'er strand. And burghers all, stand ye or fall, For hearths and homes at country's call. With wisdom, Lord, our rulers guide, And these Thy people bless ; May we with nations all abide In peace and righteousness. To Thee, whose mighty arm hath shielded Thy volk in by-gone days, To Thee alone be humbly yielded All glory, honor, praise. God guard our land, our own dear land, Our children's home, their Fatherland. And last to him, the little man, Who led our fighting line From Cabul on to Kandahar In the days of " Auld Lang Syne ;" For " Auld Lang Syne " and " Bobs,' Our chief of " Auld Lang Syne," We're here to do his work again As we did in " Auld Lang Syne." CAMP CALLS. 'he reciter of the following lines should in of the bugle calls they represent. If s< a bugle or cornet be available the lines Is should be spoken distinctly. le military friend jroficiently. The A PARODY ON " AULD LANG SYNE." Special Cable to The North American. At a concert given at Bloemfontein, Orange Free State April 8, iqoo, in aid of the widows and orphans fund, organized by the rar correspondents, where the leaders of the army were present, Cipling's new poem was sung to the music of" Auld LaneSyne. [•he poem follows : We welcome to our hearts to-night Our kinsmen from afar, Brothers in an empire's fight And comrades of our war. For " Auld Lang Syne," my lads, And the fights of ' ' Auld Lang Syne ;*' We drink our cup of fellowship To the fights of " Auld Lang Syne." The shamrock, thistle, leek and rose, With hearts and wattle twine, And maple from Canadian snows For the sake of " Auld Lang Syne.' For ' ' Auld Lang Syne ' ' take hands From London to the line ; Good luck to these thai toiled with us Since the days of "Auld Lang Syne." Again to all we hold most dear In life we left behind, The wives we won, the bairn es we kissed And the loves of " Auld Lang Syne ; " For surely you have your sweetheart, And surely I have mine ; We toast her name in silence here And the girls of " Auld Lang Syne, " I can't git 'em up ! I can't git 'em up ! I can't git 'em up in the morning. I can't git 'em up, I can't git 'em up, I can't git 'em up at all ! The corporal's worse than the sergeant, The sergeant's worse than lieutenant, And the captain's the worst of all I Go to the stable, All ye that are able, And give your horses some corn, For if you don't do it, The captain will know it, And give you the devil As sure as you're born ! Oh, where has that cook gone, Cook gone, Cook gone. Where has that cook gone ? Where the aitch is he-e-e ? Twenty years till dinner time. Dinner time, Dinner time, Twenty years till dinner time. So it seems to me-e-e ! Come and git your quinine, Quinine, quinine, quinine ! Come and git your quinine, And your pills ! Soupy, soupy, soup — Without any beans ! An' coffee, coffee, coffee — The meanest ever seen I PATRIOTISM AND WAR 93 The effect of the following recitation will be greatly enhanced if the speaker dress in soldier uniform and carry a rifle as if on sentinel duty, and the words in italics be spoken to the accom- paniment of a bugle or cornet sounding the notes softly behind a curtain or in adjoining room. THE morning is cheery my boys, arouse ! The dew shines bright on the chestnut boughs, And the sleepy mist on the river lies, Though the east is flushing with crimson dyes. Awake I awake ! awake ! O'er field and wood and brake, With glories newly born, Comes on the blushing morn, Awake ! awake ! You have dreamed of your homes and your friends all night ; You have basked in your sweethearts ' smiles so bright : Come, part with them all for a while again — Be lovers in dreams ; when awake, be men. Turn out ! turn out ! turn out ! You have dreamed full long I know, Turn out ! turn out ! turn out ! The east is all aglow. Turn out ! turn out ! From every valley and hill there come The clamoring voices of fife and drum ; And out on the fresh, cool morning air The soldiers are swarming everywhere. Fall in ! fall in ! fall in ! Every man in his place. Fall in ! fall in ! fall in ! Each with a cheerful face. Fall in ! fall in ! Michael O'Connor. DIRGE OF THE DRUMS. Dead ! Dead ! Dead, dead, dead ! To the solemn beat of the last retreat That falls like lead, Bear the hero now to his honored rest With the badge of courage Upon his breast, While the sun sinks down in the gleaming West- Dead ! Dead I Dead I Dead ! Dead ! Mourn the dead ! While the mournful notes of the bugles float Across his bed, And the guns shall toll on the vibrant air The knell of the victor lying there — 'Tis a fitting sound for a soldier's prayer — Dead ! Dead ! Dead ! Dead ! Dead ! Dead, dead, dead ! To the muffled beat of the lone retreat And speeding lead, Lay the hero low to his well-earned rest, In the land he loved, on her mother breast, While the sunlight dies in the darkening West- Dead ! Dead ! Dead ! Ralph Alton. A MOTHER'S LAMENT. Rachel weeping for her children." I am but one of the many — the mothers who weep and who mourn For the dear sons slain in the battle ! Oh ! burden of sorrow borne At the thought of their needed comforts, their hardships along the way ! But we prayed to Thee, loving Father, to sustain them day by day ; Now our hearts are dumb in our anguish, and our lips refuse to pray. They are slain in the cruel battle, the pitiless chance of war ! From the homes that they were the light of, from those that they loved afar, With no mother-kisses to soothe them, no ministry of loving hand ! But 'tis well with them, now and forever, for they live in the " better land,"^ Where Thy peace shall abide forever, and never an armed band. For they were Thy heroes, dear Father; they fell as Thy heroes fall, And loyal, and true, and undaunted, they answered their country's call ; They laid their young lives on her altar, for her will their blood was shed ; 94 PATRIOTISM AND WAR And now there is naught that can comfort the mothers whose hearts have bled For the sons who went to the battle, by the chance of the battle dead. ! God, Thou hast tender pity, and love for the broken in heart, But not even Thou can'st comfort, for there is no comfort apart From the son who went out from my cling- ing : O God, I cry to Thee ! 1 grope in the darkness to clasp him — that darkness that hides from me Tbe sight of Thy hand, dear Father! though outstretched to comfor it be. Isidor D. French. SAUL BEFORE HIS LAST BATTLE. Warriors and chiefs ! should the shaft or the sword Pierce me in leading the hosts of the Lord, Heed not the corse, though a king's, in your path : Bury your steel in the bosoms of Gath ! Thou who art bearing my buckler and bow, Should the soldiers of Saul look away from the foe, Stretch me that moment in blood at thy feet! Mine be the doom, which they dared not to meet. Farewell to others, but never we part, Heir to my royalty, son of my heart ! Bright is the diadem, boundless the sway, Or kingly the death, which awaits us to-day ! Byron. WASHINGTON TO HIS SOLDIERS. before they began the battle of Long Island, 1776. The time is now near at hand which must probably determine whether Ameri- cans are to be freemen or slaves ; whether they are to have any property they can call their own ; whether their houses and farms are to be pillaged and destroyed, and themselves consigned to a state of wretchedness from which no human efforts will deliver them. The fate of unborn mill- ions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army. Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us only the choice of a brave resistance, or the most abject submission. We have, therefore, to resolve to conquer or to die. Our own, our country's honor, calls upon us for a vigorous and manly exertion ; and if we now shamefully fail, we shall become infamous to the whole world. Let us, then, rely on the goodness of our cause, and the aid of the Supreme Being, in whose hands victory is, to animate and encourage us to great and noble actions. The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us ; and we shall have their blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them. Let us, therefore, animate and encourage each other, and show the whole world that a free- man contending for liberty on his own ground is superior to any slavish mercenary on earth. Liberty, property, life and honor, are all at stake. Upon your courage and conduct rest the hopes of our bleeding and insulted country. Our wives, children and parents, expect safety from us only ; and they have every reason to believe that Heaven will crown with success so just a cause. The enemy will endeavor to intimidate by show and appearance ; but remember they have been repulsed on various occasions by a few brave Americans. Their cause is bad, — their men are conscious of it ; and, if opposed with firmness and coolness on their first onset, with our advantage of works, and knowl- edge of the ground, the victory is most assuredly ours. Every good soldier will be silent and attentive, wait for orders, and reserve his fire until he is sure of doing exe- cution. THE FOURTH OF JULY. To the sages who spoke, to the heroes who bled, To the day and the deed, strike the harp- strings of glory ! Let the song of the ransomed remember the dead, And the tongue of the eloquent hallow the story ! PATRIOTISM AND WAR O'er the bones of the bold Be that story long told, And on fame's golden tablets their tri- umphs enrolled, Who on freedom's green hills freedom's banner unfurled, And the beacon fire raised that gave light to the world ! They are gone — mighty men ! — and they sleep in their fame ; Shall we ever forget them? O, never! no, never! Let our sons learn from us to embalm each great name, And the anthem send down, — " Inde- pendence forever ! ' ' Wake, wake, heart and tongue? Keep the theme ever young ; Let their deeds through the long line of ages be sung, Who on freedom's green hills freedom's banner unfurled, And the beacon-fire raised that gave light to the world ! CHARLES SPRAGUE THE HERO OP THE COMMUNE. The hero of this poem became the greatest general in Napol- up arcon ! You, you \JT Snared along with this cursed crew ? (Only a child, and yet so bold, Scarcely as much as ten years old !) Do you hear ? do j'ou know Why the gens our score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this con- tinent a new nation, conceived in lib- THE RIFLEMAN'S FANCY SHOT. he following touching incident had its counterpart in many Rifleman, shoot me a fancy shot Straight at the heart of yon prowling vedette ; Ring me a ball in the glittering spot That shines on his breast like an amulet ! " "Ah, captain! here goes for a fine-drawn bead, There's music around when my barrel's in tune ! " Crack ! went the rifle, the messenger sped, And dead from his horse fell the ringing dragoon. 102 PATRIOTISM AND WAR " Now, rifleman, steal through the bushes and snatch From your victim some trinket to handsel first blood ; A button, a loop, or that luminous patch That gleams in the moon like a diamond stud! " "Oh captain ! I staggered, and sunk on my track, When I gazed on the face of that fallen vedette, For he looked so like you, as he lay on his back, That my heart rose upon me, and masters me yet. ' ' But I snatched off the trinket,— this locket of gold ; An inch from the centre my lead broke its way, Scarce grazing the picture, so fair to behold, Of a beautiful lady in bridal array." "Ha! rifleman, fling me the locket !— 'tis she, My brother's young bride, — and the fallen dragoon Was her husband — Hush ! soldier, 'twas Heaven's decree, We must bury him there, by the light of the moon ! ' ' But hark 1 the far bugles their warnings unite ; War is a virtue, — weakness a sin ; There's a lurking and loping around us to-night ; — I/Dad again, rifleman, keep your hand in ! " AN INCIDENT OF THE WAR. (Sing the verses in Italics. ) Down the placid river gliding, 'Twixt the banks of waving life, Sailed a steamboat heavy laden 'Mid the scenes of former strife. On the deck a throng of trav'lers Listened to a singer's voice, As it sung that song of pleading, — Song that makes the sad rejoice. — "Jesus, lover of my soul, Let me to thy boso?nfiy, While the nearer waters roll, While the tempest still is high : Hide me, O, my Saviour, hide, ' Till the storm of life is past, Safe into the have?i guide, Oh, receive my soul at last." In the throng an aged soldier Heard the voice with ears intent, And his quickened memory speeding O'er the lapse of years was sent. And he thought of hard-fought battles Of the carnage and the gore, And the lonely picket guarding On the low Potomac's shore. Of the clash and roar of cannon, And the cry of wounded men, Of the sick'ning sights of slaughter In some Southern prison pen. And that voice was old, familiar, And he'd heard it long ago. While his lonely picket guarding With a measured beat, and slow. When it ceased and all was silent, Thus the aged soldier cried : " Sir, were you a Union Soldier, Did you fight against our side ? ' ' " Stranger, 'neath yon starry pennon Fought I for the shackled slave, For my country and her freedom, And her sacred name to save." ' ' Were you near the calm Potomac On a frosty autumn night ? Did you guard your lonely picket As the stars were shining bright ? ' ' Did you sing that song so grandly, , Filling all the silent air ? Did you sing to your Redeemer As you paced so lonely there ? ' ' Thus the aged soldier questioned, And his eyes were filled with tears As he heard the singer answer, At his tale of hopes and fears : PATRIOTISM AND WAR ** Yes, I well recall that evening On the low Potomac's shore, As I paced my lonely station, And re-paced it o'er and o'er. " And I thought of home and household, - Of my wife and children three, And my darling baby Bessie, Dearest in the world to me. " Thinking thus, my heart was troubled With a dread, foreboding ill ; And I listened, but the midnight All around was calm and still. ' ' Then I sang the song my mother Taught me, bending at her knee ; And all fear of coming trouble Quickly passed away from me." Thus the singer told his story ; Then the aged soldier said, — As his heart was stirred with feeling, And his thoughts were backward led, — " And I, too, my lonely station Paced and re-paced o'er and o'er, Where the blazing camp-fires flashing, Lighted up the other shore. "On the banks, across the river, There I saw your coat of blue, And my hand was on the trigger, As I aimed my gun at you ; " When across the silent water Came the song you've sung to-day, And my heart was touched and softened By that sweet, melodious lay : • ' ' Other refuge have I none, Hangs my helpless soul on Thee ; Leave, - r ,h, leave me not alone, Still support a?id comfort vie. All my trust on Thee is stayed, All my help from Thee I bring, Cover my dejhiceless head With the shadow of Thy wing. ' : ' And I brought my gun to carry, For I could not shoot you then ; And your humble prayer was answered By our God, the L,ord of men." Then they clasped their hands as brothers, While the steamboat glided on As they talked of hard-fought battles, And of deeds long past and gone, — How Jehovah had been o'er them, Shielded from the fiery wave, While they, beneath their banners, Fought the battles of the brave. Harry W. Kimbah,. SHERIDAN'S RIDE. iq, 1864. to Cedar Creek, where General Early was driving back the Union forces. Up from the South at break of day, Bringing to Winchester fresh dismay, The affrighted air with a shudder bore, Like a herald in haste to the chieftain's door, The terrible grumble and rumble and roar, Telling the battle was on once more, And Sheridan twenty miles away. And wider still those billows of war Thundered along the horizon's bar; And louder yet into Winchester rolled The roar of that red sea uncontrolled, Making the blood of the listener cold, As he thought of the stake in that fiery fray, And Sheridan twenty miles away. But there is a road from Winchester town A good, broad highway leading down ; And there, through the flush of the morn ing light, A steed as black as the steeds of night Was seen to pass, as with eagle flight, As if he knew the terrible need : He stretched away with his utmost speed. Hills rose and fell ; but his heart was gay, With Sheridan fifteen miles away. Still sprung from those swift hoofs , thunder- ing South, The dust, like smoke from the cannon's mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster, The heart of the steed and the heart of the master 104 PATRIOTISM AND WAR Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battlefield calls ; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.* Under his spurning feet the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind ; And the stead, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eyes full of fire. But lo ! he is nearing his heart's desire ; He is snuffing the smoke of the roaring fray, With Sheridan only five miles away. The first that the general saw were the groups Of stragglers, and then the retreating troops ; What was done ? what to do ? a glance told him both. Then, striking his spurs, with a terrible oath, He dashed down the line, 'mid a storm of huzzahs, And the wave of retreat checked its course there, because The sight of the master compelled it to pause. With foam and with dust the black charger was gray ; By the flash of his eye, and the red nostril's play, He seemed to the whole great army to say, ' ' I have brought you Sheridan all the way From Winchester, down to save the day." Hurrah ! hurrah for Sheridan ! Hurrah ! hurrah for horse and man ! And when their statues are placed on high, Under the dome of the Union sky — The American soldier's temple of fame — There, with the glorious general's name, Be it said, in letters both bold and bright, "Here's the steed that saved the day, By carrying Sheridan into the fight From Winchester, twenty miles away ! " Thos. B. Read. WRAP THE FLAG AROUND HE, BOYS. This scene may be enacted on the stage in tableau, while an Ovrap the flag around me, boys, to ^ die were far more sweet With freedom's starry emblem, boys, to be my winding sheet. In life I loved to see it wave, and follow where it led, And now my eyes grow dim, my hands would clasp its last bright shred. Refrain. Then wrap the flag around ma, boys, To die were far more sweet, With freedom's starry emblem, boys, To be my winding sheet. O, I had thought to greet you, boys, on many a well won field, When to our starry banner, boys, the trait'rous foe should yield. But now, alas, I am denied my dearest earthly prayer ; You'll follow and you'll meet the foe, but I shall not be there. But though my body moulders, boys, my spirit will be free, And every comrade's honor, boys, will still be dear to me. There in the thick and bloody fight never let your ardor lag, For I'll be there still hovering near, above the dear old flag. THE BLUE AND THE GRAY. One of the first marks of reconciliation between North and South was shown by the won.cn of Columbia. .Mississippi, who, I 1 i '' ,'s alike on the graves B y the flow of the inland river, Whence the fleets of iron have fled, Where the blades of the grave-grass quiver, Asleep on the ranks of the dead : — Under the sod and the dew, Waiting the judgment day ; Under the one, the Blue, Under the other , the Gray. PATRIOTISM AND WAR These in the robings of glory, Those in the gloom of defeat, All with the battle-blood gory, In the dusk of eternity meet :— Under the sod and the dew, Waiting the judgment day ; Under the laurel, the Blue, Under the willow, the Gray. From the silence of sorrowful hours, The desolate mourners go, Lovingly laden with flowers, Alike for the friend and the foe : — Under the sod and the dew, Waiting the judgment day ; Under the roses, the Blue, Under the lilies, the Gray. So, with an equal splendor, The morning sun-rays fall, With a touch impartially tender, On the blossoms blooming for all : — Under the sod and the dew, Waiting the judgment day ; Broidered with gold, the Blue, Mellowed with gold, the Gray. So, when the summer calleth, On forest and field of grain, With an equal murmur falleth The cooling drip of the rain : — Under the sod and the dew, Waiting the judgment day ; Wet with the rain, the Blue, Wet with the rain, the Gray. Sadly, but not with upbraiding, The generous deed was done ; In the storm of the years that are fading, No braver battle was won : — Under the sod and the dew, Waiting the judgment day ; Under the blossoms, the Blue, Under the garlands, the Gray. No more shall the war cry sever, Or the winding rivers be red ; Tney banish our anger forever When they laurel the graves of our dead ! Under the sod and the dew, Waiting the judgment day ; Love and tears, for the Blue, Tears and love for the Gray. F. M. Finch. THE NEW ROSETTE. By Special Permission of the Author. Thirt apprecia posed of gray" w which" ™ • old soldier c L and good cheer ruled the hour. A new rosette com- the mingling colors of "Yankee blue and Confederal* is worn by the happy old soldiers. Mr. Geo. M. Vick- elf a "Yankee soldier," composed the following poerp is recited amid great applause from both sides. ET us sing a song That all may hear ; Sound the death of wrong, The knell of fear ; For in this cordial clasp of hands America united stands. The new rosette Of Blue and Gray, Without regret, Is worn to-day. Fire the signal gun, Proclaim our creed ; Liberty has won, And we are freed ; Our country's creed is liberty, And freedom shall our watchword be ; The new rosette Of Blue and Gray, Love's amulet, Shall be to-day. Ring the bells with pride, The brave are here ; Heroes true and tried, And each a peer ; Their deeds and valor e'er shall be Our caveat on land and sea. The new rosette Of Blue and Gray, A pledge, a threat, Is worn to-day. Give the armies praise, Of Grant, of Lee, Shafts in honor raise, That all may see ; Proclaim that as they did, so we Would do and die for liberty ; The new rosette Of Blue and Gray Bids none forget Their dead to-day. PATRIOTISM AND WAR Let the broadsides roar From ship to ship ; Shout your cheers from shore, Let colors dip ; Brave Farragut, Buchanan, too, Showed what our gallant tars can do. The new rosette Of Blue and Gray, Shall homage get From all to-day. Give thanks to God, That we are one ; He withholds the rod, Our strife is done ; One flag alone shall o'er us wave, One country, or for each a grave. The new rosette Of Blue and Gray, With love's tears wet Is worn to-day. Geo. M. Vickers. CUSTER'S LAST CHARGE. Gen. George A. Custer. Born in Ohio in I839. Served with distinction through the Civil War. Was present at Genera] Lee's surrender. During the Indian outbreak in the West in 1876 he was in charge of the United States troops, and was noted for his sagacity in Indian fighting. The Indians feared him, and called him the Great Yellow-Haired Chief. He was 26, 1876. 'D E ^EAD ! Is it possible ? He, the bold rider, Custer, our hero, the first in the fight, Charming the bullets of yore to fly wider, Shunning our battle-king's ringlets of light ! Dead ! our young chieftain, and dead all forsaken ! No one to tell us the way of his fall ! Slain in the desert, and never to waken, Never, not even to victory's call ! " Comrades, he's gone ; but ye need not be grieving. No, may my death be like his when I die ! No regrets wasted on words I am leaving, Falling with brave men, and face to the sky. Death's but a journey, the greatest must take it : Fame is eternal, and better than all. Gold though the bowl be, 'tis fate that must break it, Glory can hallow the fragments that fall. Proud for his fame that last day that he met them ! All the night long he had been on their track. Scorning their traps and the men that had set them, Wild for a charge that should never give back. There on the hill-top he halted and saw them,— Lodges all loosened and ready to fty. Hurrying scouts, with the tidings to awe them, Told of his coming before he was nigh. All the wide valley was full of their forces, Gathered to cover the lodges' retreat, — Warriors running in baste to their horses, Thousands of enemies close to his feet ! Down in the valleys the ages had hollowed, There lay the Sitting Bull's camp for a prey ! Numbers ! What recked he ? What recked those who followed ? Men who had fought ten to one ere that day ? Out swept the squadrons, the fated three hundred, Into the battle-line steady and full ; Then down the hillside exultingly thun- dered, Into the hordes of the Old Sitting Bull ! Wild Ogalallah, Arapahoe, Cheyenne, Wild Horse's braves, and the rest of their crew, Shrank from that charge like a herd from a lion. Then closed around the great hell of wild Sioux. Right to the centre he charged, and then, facing — Hark to those yells ? and around them, oh, see ! Over the hilltops the devils came racing, Coming as fast as the waves of the sea ! Red was the circle of fire about them : No hope of victory, no ray of light, PATRIOTISM AND WAR 109 Shot through that terrible black cloud without them, Brooding in death over Custer's iast fight. Then, did he blench ? Did he die like a craven , Begging tne torturing fiends for his lite? Was there a soldier who carried the Seven Flinched like a coward or fled from the strife ? No, by the blood of our Custer, no quailing ? There in the midst of the devils they close, Hemmed in by thousands, but ever assail- ing, Fighting like tigers, all bayed amid foes ! Thicker and thicker the bullets came singing; Down go the horses and riders and all ; Swiftly the warriors round them were ringing Circling like buzzards awaiting their fall. See the wild steeds of the mountain and prairie, Savage eyes gleaming from forests of mane ; Quivering lances with pennons so airy ; War-painted warriors charging amain. Backward again and again they were driven, Shrinking to close with the lost little band, Never a cap that had worn the bright Seven Bowed till its wearer was dead on the strand. Closer and close: the death-circle growing, Even the leader's voice, clarion clear. Rang out his words of encouragement glowing, "We can but die once, boys, but sell your lives dear ! ' ' Dearly they sold them like Berserkers raging, Facing the death that encircled them round ; Death's bitter pangs by their vengeance assuaging, Marking their tracks by the dead on the ground. Comrades our children shall yet tell their story, Custer's last charge on the Old Sitting Bull; And ages shall swear that the cup of his glory, Needed but that death to render it full. Frederick Whitaker. FITZHUGH LEE. General Fitzhugh Lee was Consul at Havana when the Span. ish-American War broke out. His heroic action in refusing to ject was safely transported, being himself the last to depart, called forth universal praise. Cool amid the battle's din Ice without, but fire within, Leading to the charge his men, Much we praise the soldier then ; But we honor far the more One who on a foreign shore, True to duty takes his stand With his country's flag in hand, And, though great the peril be, Bows no head and bends no knee — Fitzhugh Lee. Gallant veteran, tried and true, Hands and hearts go forth to you. 'Mid the sounds that others stir, Hiss of reptile, yelp of cur, 'Mid our country's foes you stood With a calm and fearless mood. Therefore, veteran, tried and true, Strong our pride has grown in you ; And when you return o'er sea Warm your welcome here shall be, Fitzhugh Lee. Where our mountains milk the sky, Where our many cities lie, By Potomac's hallowed stream ; Where the Hudson's waters gleam, By the Mississippi's mouth, East and West and North and South— Whersoe'er o'er land and seas, Floats Old Glory in the breeze, Whereso'er our people be, All to honor you agree, Fitzhugh Lee. Thomas Dunn English. PA1RI0TISM AND WAR PROPHETIC TOAST TO COMMODORE DEWEY. In November, i of the Navy, Th Commodore and i id just before his dep the fulfillment of \i lib, Washington, FILL all your glasses full to-night ; The wind is off the shore ; And be it feast or be it fight, We pledge the Commodore. Through days of storm, through days of calm, On broad Pacific Seas, At anchor off the Isles of Palm, Or with the Japanese ; Ashore, afloat, on deck, below, Or where our bulldogs roar, To back a friend or breast a foe We pledge the Commodore. We know our honor' 11 be unstained, Where'er his pennant flies ; Our rights respected and maintained, Whatever power defies. And when he takes the homeward tack, Beneath an admiral's flag, We'll hail the day that brings him back, And have another jag. A' THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY. T break of dawn Manila Bay A sheet of limpid water lay, Extending twenty miles away. Twenty miles from shore to shore, As creeping on a squadron bore As squadron never moved before. Majestic in his hidden might, It passed Corregidor at night, Inspired to battle for the right. And grandly on the flagship led, Six ships — Olympiae'er ahead— With battle flags at each masthead The Baltimore and Raleigh true, The Petrel, Boston, Concord, too, Their flags of glory proudly flew. As early daylight broke upon The bay — before the rise of sun — Was seen the flash of opening gun '. Then every second heard the roar Of shell and shrapnel bursting o'er Our brave, undaunted Commodore i ' ' Hold our fire ! " he calmly said, As from the bridge he bravely led To death or glory on ahead ! And from his lips or from his hand But one direction, one command, " Follow the flagship by the land," Full twenty minutes slowly crept Ere lightning from our turrets leapt, And pent-up hell no longer slept I The Spanish fleet, a dozen strong, Was now in range, and haughty wrong Was swept by awful fire along. Explosions wild destruction brought 'Mid flames that mighty havoc wrought, As either side in fury fought. So back and forth in angry might, The Stars and Stripes waved on the fight, 'Mid bursting shells in deadly flight ! The Spanish decks with dead were strewn, Their guns on shore were silenced soon, Their flags were down ere flush of noon. Their ships, their batteries on the shore Were gone to fight again no more — Their loss, a thousand men or more 1 Dawned on the fleet that Dewey led A miracle, while Spaniards bled ; For on our side was not one dead ! The battle of Manila Bay From mind shall never pass away — Nor deeds of glory wrought that day. For 'mid the battle's awful roar The Spanish pride, to rise no more Was humbled by our Commodore. Corwin P Ross. PATRIOTISM AND WAR THEY'LL NEVER GET HOME. Reciter may Dress in Uncle Sam Costum e United States became much alarmed lest he should a some of the cities along our Atlantic seaboard, or take possession of important Cuban ports. It was therefore decided that Admi- rals Sampson and Schley should attempt to intercept him some- where on the high seas and destroy his fleet. For many days the hunt went on, much like a fox chase, in the Caribbean sea. At iago harbor. Sampson joined him before the mouth of the har- entirely destroyed by the Americans. The following lines are supposed to illustrate Uncle Sam's jubilation when Admiral Schley announced that he had Cervera bottled up. BY gosh ! but we've got 'em — in old Santiago Cervery is bottled-^the news is from Schley. I know'd mighty well we would get that there dago And cork him in tight, in the sweet by- and-by. Things looked purty bilious some days, I'll admit it, And clouds sorter hung round the Capitol dome Till Schley's message came, an' 'twas this way he writ it : — " I've got 'em," he says, " an' they'll never git home." By ginger ! it sounded like music fer sweetness ! I jest got right up an' give three rousin' cheers It had such neatness an' sorter completeness It seem' to fit into my hungerin' ears. I could jest shet my eyes an' see Schley's boats a-layin' Kinder peaceful out there where the blue billows foam ; I could listen a minute and hear him a sayin' " I've got 'em, b' gosh ! an' they'll never git home . ' ' Course the next thing, I s'pose, '11 be some sort 'o fighting, (That cussed Cervery won't give up a ship), An' he'll try to get out of the place he's so tight in. But the Commydore'll see he don't give us the slip. ThatPole-dee-Barnaby gang made us weary, An' we got some disgusted with Seenyor De Lome, But I'm sorter attached to that feller Cervery, An' we've got him 'b gosh ! an' he'll never git home. THE WAR SHIP "DIXIE." They've named a cruiser "Dixie" — ■ that's what the papers say — An' I hears they're goin' to man her with boys that wore the gray ; Good news ! It sorter thrills me and makes me want ter be Whar' the ban' is playin' "Dixie," and the ' ' Dixie ' ' puts ter sea ! They've named a cruiser "Dixie." An' fellers, I'll be boun' You're goin' ter see some fightin' when the " Dixie " swings aroun'! Ef any o' them Spanish ships shall strike her, East or West, Just let the ban' play "Dixie," an' the boys '11 do the rest ! I want ter see that ' ' Dixie ' ' — I want ter take my stan' On the deck of her and holler, ' ' Three cheers fer Dixie Ian'!" She means we're all united — the war hurts healed away. An' "Way Down South in Dixie" is national to-day ! I bet you she's a good un ! I'll stake my last red cent Thar ain't no better timber in the whole blame settlement ! An' all their shiny battleships beside that ship are tame, Fer when it comes to "Dixie" thar's something in a name ! Here's three cheers and a tiger — as hearty as kin be ; An' let the ban' play "Dixie" when the ' ' Dixie ' ' puts ter sea ! She'll make her way an' win the day from shinin' East ter West — Jest let the ban' play "Dixie," and the boys '11 do the rest ! Frank L. Stanton. 112 PATRIOTISM AND WAR THE NEW "ALABAMA." One of the largest battleships of the American Navy. The Thar's a bran new "Alabama" that the)' 're fittin' out for sea, An' them that's seen her tell me she's as lively as kin be ; An' them big Havana gin'ruls better open wide their gates Ef she's any like her namesake of the old Confed'rit States ! A bran' new "Alabama!" She orter be the best That ever plowed a furrow in the ocean — east or west ! An' I'm shore that she'll be heard from — jest open wide your gates Ef she's any like her namesake of the old Confed'rit States ! I bet she's full o' sperrit ! I bet her guns '11 keep The Spanish cruisers huntin' fer a harbor on the deep ! She'll storm the forts an' take 'em — she'll batter down the gates Ef she's any like her namesake of the old Confed'rit States ! THE "MERRIMAC." On June 3rd, young Lieutenant Hobson of Alabama and heroijact'" 11 I 'l M " through the gauntlet of Spanid, forts and -inking it in the immlh uf Santiago harbor to prevent the Spanish fleet from coming out. The ship in sinking unfortunately swung out of the channel far enough to leave room for ships to pass, but the deed was none the less daring and heroic. Thunder peal and roar and rattle of the ships in line of battle, Rumbling noise of steel volcanoes hurling metal from the shore, Drowned the sound of quiet speaking and the creaking, creaking, creaking Of the steering-gear that turned her toward the narrow harbor door. On the hulk was calm and quiet, deeper for the shoreward riot ; Dumb they watched the fountains streaming ; mute they heard the waters hiss, Till one laughed and murmured, " Surely it was worth while rising early For a fireworks exhibition of such char- acter as this." Down the channel the propeller drove her as they tried to shell her From the dizzy heights of Morro and Socapa parapet ; She was torn and she was battered, and her upper works were shattered By the bursting of the missiles that in air above her met. Parallels of belching cannon marked the winding course she ran on, And they flashed through morning dark- ness like a giant's flaming teeth ; Waters steaming, boiling, churning ; rows of muzzles at each turning ; Mines like geysers spouting after and before her and beneath. Not a man was there who faltered ; not a theory was altered Of the detailed plan agreed on — not a doubt was there expressed ; This was not a time for changing, deviat- ing, re-arranging ; Let the great God help the wounded, and their courage save the rest. And they won. But greater glory than the winning is the story Of the foeman's friendly greeting of that valiant captive band ; Speech of his they understood not, talk to him in words they could not ; But their courage spoke a language that all men might understand. DO NOT CHEER. General O. 0. Howard, the great Chri tia 1 general c ide and Confed Ca ptain U phi ip "Te *as,"at the battle ,.f Sar . i„l • S ' h 'i P ela s t, !? t s(, e h en n ^heVi'cVo t rvwaswnn C n'd the decks h dying and wounded Spaniards ued from nd from he scathe sail..,-, of the" le- wCd^" Sergei ptain Philip stopped them with The smoke hangs heavy o'er the sea, Beyond the storm-swept battle line, Where floats the flag of Stripes and Stars, Triumphant o'er the shattered foe, The walls of Morro thunder still their fear; Helpless, a mass of flame, thefoeman drifts, And o'er her decks the flag of white. PATRIOTISM AND WAR 113 Hushed voices pass the word from lip to lip, And grimy sailors silent stand beside the guns, "Cease firing. An enemy is dying. Do not cheer." " An enemy is dying. Do not cheer." Thy servants' glorious tribute to Thy name, Christ, Lord, who rules the battle well, Who, watching, guards our destinies, Andseeth e'en the sparrows fall. Redly, through drifting smoke, the sun looks down On silent guns and shot-pierced bloody wreck, Long lines of weary men , with heads bowed low, Give thanks, in presence of Thy reaper grim. Thy will be done, O Lord, Thou rulest all. J. Herbert Stevens. THE HERO DOWN BELOW. After the battle of Santiago in which the "Brooklyn," Com: dore Schley's flagship and thelmighty "Oregon"' had <: h.i-.d •Christobal Colon" for 60 miles and forced her to surrender, eyes Commodore Schley pointed his gunners and officers to them and exclaimed : " These are the heroes, they are the men who won this battle." IN the awful heat and torture Of the fires that leap and dance In and out the furnace doors that never close, On in silence he must work, For with him there's ne'er a chance On his brow to feel the outer breeze that blows. For they've locked him in a room, Down below, In a burning, blazing tomb, Down below, Where he cannot see the sky, Cannot learn in time to fly, When destruction stalketh nigh, Down below. Though his name is never mentioned, Though we see or know him not, Though his deeds may never bring him worldy fame, He's a man above the others And the bravest of the lot — And the hero of the battle, just the same. He's the man who does the work. Down below, From the labor does not shirk, Down below, He is shoveling day and night, Feeding flames a-blazing bright, Keeping up a killing fight Down below. WHEELER AT SANTIAGO. INTO the thick of the fight he went, pallid and sick and wan, Borne in an ambulance to the front, a ghostly wisp of a man ; But the fighting soul of a fighting man, approved in the long ago, Went to the front in that ambulance, and the body of Fighting Joe. Out from the front they were coming back, smitten of Spanish shells — Wounded boys from the Vermont hills and the Alabama dells ; ' ' Put them into this ambulance ; I'll ride to the front," he said, And he climbed to the saddle and rode right on, that little old ex-Confed. From end to end of the long blue ranks rose up the ringing cheers, And many a powder- blackened face was furrowed with sudden tears, As with flashing eyes and gleaming sword, and hair and beard of snow, Into the hell of shot and shell rode little old Fighting Joe ! Sick with fever and racked with pain, he could not stay away, For he heard the song of the yester-years in the deep-mouthed cannon's bay — He heard in the calling song of the guns there was work for him to do, Where his country's best blood splashed and flowed 'round the old Red, White and Blue. ii4 PATRIOTISM AND WAR Fevered body and hero heart ! This Union's heart to you Beats out in love and reverence — and to each dear boy in blue Who stood or fell 'mid the shot and shell, and cheered in the face of the foe, As, wan and white, to the heart of the fight rode little old Fighting Joe ! James Lindsay Gordon. DIXIE DOODLE. A century of peace has dawned ; the North and South are plighted, And all their lovers' quarrels have been forever righted. There is no North, there is no South, no Johnny Reb to bandy ; No feud, no scores to settle up — no Yankee Doodle Dandy. What have we, then ? A land serene, united, heart-to-hand, sir, Which, like a sum of numbers, never yields but one true answer, Who have we, then, in this great land, above its bonded boodle, With Northern pluck and Southern nerve ? His name is Dixie Doodle ! Then, hip, hurrah ! for this brave youth, unbought of bond or boodle — The conqueror of future worlds — the grow- ing Dixie Doodle ! THE GREATER REPUBLIC. Extract from the speech of Senator Albert J. Beveridge of Indiana, delivered after a personal visit to the Philippine islands, before the Union League of Philadelphia. GENTLEMEN of the Union League : The Republic never retreats. Why should it retreat? The Re- public is the highest form of civilization, and civilization must advance. The Re- public's young men are the most virile and unwasted of the world and they pant for enterprise worthy of their power. The Republic's preparation has been the self- dis- cipline of a century and that preparedness has found its task. The Republic's oppor- tunity is as noble as its strength, and that opportunity is here. The Republic's duty is as sacred as its opportunity is real, and Americans never desert their duty. The Republic could not retreat if it would ; whatever its destiny it must pro- ceed. For the American Republic is a part of the movement of a race — the most mas- terful race of history — and race movements are not to be stayed by the hand of man. They are mighty answers to Divine com- mands. Their leaders are not only states- men of peoples — they are prophets of God. The inherent tendencies of a race are its highest law. They precede and survive all statutes, all constitutions. The first ques- tion real statesmanship asks is : What are the abiding characteristics of my people ? From that basis all reasoning may be natural and true. From any other basis all reasoning must be artificial and false. The sovereign tendencies of our race are organization and government. Organiza- tion means growth. Government means administration. When Washington pleaded with the States to organize into a con- solidated people, he was the advocate of perpetual growth. When Abraham Lin- coln argued for the indivisibility of the Republic he became the prophet of the . Greater Republic. And when they did both they were but interpreters of the ten- dencies of the race. That is what made then Washington and Lincoln. They are the great Americans because they were the supreme constructors and conservers of organized government among the American people. God did not make the American people the mightiest human force of all time simply to feed and die. He did not give our race the brain of organization and heart of domain to no purpose and no end. No ; he has given us a task equal to our talents. He has appointed for us a destiny equal to our endowments. He has made us the Lords of civilization that we may administer civ- ilization. Such administration is needed in Cuba. Such administration is needed in the Philippines. And Cuba and the Philip- pines are in our hands. All protests against the greater Repub- lic are tolerable except this constitutional objection. But they who resist the Repub- lic's career in the name of the Constitution are not to be endured. They are jugglers of words. Their counsel is the wisdom of "I HAVE IT, JUST THE THING I WILL DO" PATRIOTISM AND WAR 117 verbiage. They deal not with realities neither give heed to vital things. The most magnificent fact in history is the mighty movement and mission of our race, and the most splendid phase of that world- redeeming movement is the entrance of the American people as the greatest force in all the earth to do their part in administering civilization among mankind, and they are not to be halted by a ruck of words called constitutional arguments. Pretenders to legal learning have always denounced all virile interpretations of the Constitution. L,et the Republic govern as conditions demand ; the Constitution does not benumb its brain nor palsy its hand. Imperialism is not the word for our vast work. Imperialism, as used by the opposers of the national greatness, means oppression, and we oppress not. Imperial- ism, as used by the opposers of national destiny, means monarchy, and the days of monarchy are spent. Who honestly believes that the liberties of 80,000,000 Americans will be destroyed because the Republic administers civilization in the Philippines ? Who honestly believes that free institutions are stricken unto death because the Repub- lic, under God, takes its place as the first power of the world ? Who honestly believes that we plunge to our doom, when we march forward in a path of duty, prepared by a higher wisdom than our own ? Those who so believe have lost their faith in the immor- tality of liberty. Those who so believe have lost the reckoning of events, and think it sunset when it is, in truth, only the breaking of another day — the day of the Greater Republic, dawning as dawns the twentieth century. The Republic never retreats. Its flag is the only flag that has never known defeat. Where the flag leads we follow, for we know that the hand that bears it onward is the unseen hand of God. We follow the flag and independence is ours. We follow the flag and nationality is ours. We follow the flag and oceans are ruled. We follow the flag and, in Occident and Orient tyranny falls and barbarism is subdued. We follow the flag at Trenton and Valley Forge, at Saratoga and upon the crimson seas, at Buena Vista and Chapultepec, at Gettysburg and Missionary Ridge, at Sant- iago and Manila, and everywhere and always it means larger liberty, nobler opportunity and greater human happiness, for, everywhere and always, it means the blessings of the Greater Republic. And so God leads, we follow the flag, and the Republic never retreats." BOUND IN HONOR TO GRANT PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE. Senators, if there were no Constitution, if there were no Declaration of Inde- pendence, if there were no interna- tional law, if there were nothing but the history of the past two years, the American people would be bound in honor, if there be honor, bound in common honesty, if there be honesty, not to crush out this Philippine Republic, and not to wrest from this people its independence. The history of our dealing with the Philippine people is found in the reports of our commanders. It is all contained in our official documents, and in published statements of General Anderson and in the speeches of the Presi- dent. It is little known to the country to-day. When it shall be known, I believe it will cause a revolution in public senti- ment. There are 1200 islands in the Philippine group. They extend as far as from Maine to Florida. They have a population vari- ously estimated at from 8,000,000 to 12,000,000. There are wild tribes who never heard of Christ, and islands that never heard of Spain. But among them are the people of the island of Luzon, numbering 3,500,000, and the people of the Visayan islands, numbering 2,500,000 more. They are a Christian and civilized people. They wrested their independence from Spain and established a republic. Their rights are no more to be affected by the few wild tribes in their own mountains or by the dwellers in the other islands than the rights of our old thirteen states were affected by the French in Canada, or the Six Nations of New York, or the Cherokees of Georgia, or the Indians west of the Mississippi. PATRIOTISM AND WAR Twice our commanding generals, by their own confession, assured these people of their independence. Clearly and beyond all cavil we formed an alliance with them. We expressly asked them to co-operate with us. We handed over our prisoners to their keeping ; we sought their help in caring for our sick and wounded. We were told by them again and again and again that they were fighting for inde- pendence. Their purpose was as well known to our generals, to the war depart- ment, and to the president, as the fact that they were in arms. We never undeceived them until the time when hostilities were declared in 1899. The president declared again and again that we had no title and claimed no right to anything beyond the town of Manila. Hostilities were begun by us at a place where we had no right to be, and were continued by us in spite of Aguinaldo's disavowal and regret and offer to withdraw to a line we should prescribe. If we crush that republic, despoil that people of their freedom and independence, and subject them to our rule, it will be a story of shame and dishonor. George F. Hoar. NO DISHONOR TO HAUL DOWN THE FLAG. {A Continuation of the Foregoing.) IS there any man so bold as to utter in seriousness the assertion that where the American flag has once been raised it shall never be hauled down ? I have heard it said that to haul down or to propose to haul down this national emblem where it has once floated is poltroonery. Will any man say it was poltroonery when Paul Jones landed on the northeast coast of Eng- land that he took his flag away with him when he departed ? Was Scott a poltroon , or was Polk a poltroon ? Was Taylor a poltroon ? Was the United States a nation of poltroons when they retired from the city of Mexico or from Vera Cruz without leav- ing the flag behind them ? Were we pol- troons when we receded from Canada ? If we had made the attack on the coast ot Spain, at one time contemplated during this very war, were we pledged to hold and gov- ern Spain forever or be disgraced in the eyes of mankind if we failed to do it ? Has Eng- land been engaged in the course of poltroon- ery all these years when she has retired from many a field of victory ? According to this doctrine, she was bound to have held Bel- gium forever after the battle of Waterloo and Spain forever after Corunna and Tala- vera. She could not, of course, have retired with honor from Venezuela if the arbitration had not ended in her favor. Mr. President, this talk that the Ameri- can flag is never to be removed where it has once floated is the silliest and wildest rhe- torical flourish ever uttered in the ears of an excited populace. No baby ever said any- thing to another baby more foolish. It is the doctrine of purest ruffianism and tyranny. Certainly the flag should never be lowered from any moral field over which it has once waved. To follow the flag is to follow the principles of freedom and humanity for which it stands. To claim that we must follow it when it stands for injustice or oppression is like claiming that we must take the nostrums of the quack doctor who stamps it on his wares, or follow every scheme of wickedness or fraud, if only the flag be put at the head of the prospectus. The American flag is in more danger from the imperialists than it would be if the whole of Christendom were to combine its power against it. Foreign violence at worst could only rend it. But these men are trying to stain it. THE STARS IN THEIR COURSES FIGHT AGAINST US. Mr. President, I know how imperfectly I have stated this argument. I know how feeble is a single voice amid this din and tempest, this delirium of empire. It may be that the battle of this day is lost. But I have an assured faith in the future. I have an assured faith in justice and the love of liberty of the American people. The stars in their courses fight for freedom. The ruler of the heavens is on that side. If the battle to-day go against it, I appeal to another day, not distant and sure to come. I appeal from the clapping of hands and the stamping of feet and the brawling and the shouting to the quiet chamber where the PATRIOTISM AND WAR 119 fathers gathered in Philadelphia . I appeal from the spirit of trade to the spirit of liberty. I appeal from the empire to the Republic . I appeal from the millionaire and the boss and the wire-puller and the mana- ger to the statesman of the older time, in whose eyes a guinea never glistened, who lived and died poor, and who left to his children and to his countrymen a good name far better than riches. I appeal from the present, bloated with material prosperity, drunk with the lust of empire, to another and a better age. I appeal from the present to the future and to the past. G. F. Hoar. THE DYING CAPTAIN. An incident of the battle of San Juan Hill, Cuba, 1898. It expression in the quick transitions from consciousness to i i T)rave captain ! canst thou speak ? J3 What is it thou dost see ! A wondrous glory lingers on thy face, The night is past ; I've watched the night with thee. Knowest thou the place?" " The place? "Tis San Juan, comrade. Is the battle over ? The victory — the victory — is it won ? My wound is mortal ; I know I cannot recover — The battle for me is done ! " I never thought it would come to this ! Does it rain ? The musketry ! Give me a drink ; ah, that is glorious ! Now if it were not for this pain — this pain — Didst thou say victorious ? " It would not be strange, would it, if I do wander ? A man can't remember with a bullet in his brain. I wish when at home I had been a little fonder — Shall I ever be well again ? " It can make no difference whether I go from here or there. Thou'lt write to father and tell him when I am dead ? — The eye that sees the sparrow fall numbers every hair Even of this poor head. "Tarry awhile, comrade, the battle can wait for thee ; I will try to keep thee but a few brief moments longer ; Thou'lt say good-by to the friends at home for me ? — If only I were a little stronger ! " I must not think of it. Thou art sorry for me ? The glory — is it the glory ? — makes me blind ; Strange, for the light, comrade, the light I cannot see — Thou hast been very kind ! " I do not think I have done so very much evil — I did not mean it. 'I lay me down to sleep, I pray the Lord my soul' — just a little rude and uncivil — Comrade, why dost thou weep ? ' ' Oh ! if human pity is so gentle and tender — Good-night, good friends ! ' I lay me down to sleep '■ — Who from a Heavenly Father's love needs a defender ? 1 My soul to keep ! ' " ' If I should die before I wake ' — comrade, tell mother, Remember — ' I pray the Lord my soul to take ! ' My musket thou'lt carry back to my little brother For my dear sake ! "Attention, company! Reverse arms! Very well, men ; my thanks. Where am I ? Do I wander, comrade — wander again ? — Parade is over. Company E, break ranks I break ranks ! — I know it is the pain. PATRIOTISM AND WAR * ' Give me thy strong hand ; fain would I cling, comrade, to thee ; I feel a chill air blown from a far-off shore ; My sight revives ; Death stands and looks at me. What waits he for ? " Keep back my ebbing pulse till I be bolder grown ; I would know something of the Silent Land ; It's hard to struggle to the front alone — Comrade, thy hand. " The reveille calls ! be strong my soul, and peaceful ; The Eternal City bursts upon my sight ! The ringing air with ravishing melody is full— I ' ve won the fight ! " Nay, comrade, let me go ; hold not my hand so steadfast ; I am commissioned — under marching orders — I know the future — let the past be past — I cross the borders." THE LAND OF OUR FOREFATHERS. For myself, I can truly say that, after my native land, I feel a tenderness and a reverence for that of my fathers. The pride I take in my own country makes me respect that from which we are sprung. The sound of my native language beyond the sea is a music to my ears beyond the richest strains of Tuscan softness or Castil- ian majesty. I am not — I need not say I am not — the panegyrist of England. I am not dazzled by her riches nor awed by her power. The sceptre, the mitre and the coronet, stars, garters and ribbons, seem to me poor things for great men to contend for. But England is the cradle and the refuge of free principles, though often persecuted ; the school of religious liberty, the more precious for the struggles through which it has passed ; she holds the tombs of those who have reflected honor on all who speak the English tongue ; she is the birthplace of our fathers, the home of the Pilgrims ; it is these which I love and venerate in Eng- land. I should feel ashamed of an enthusiasm for Italy and Greece did I not also feel it for a land like this . In an American it would seem to me degenerate and ungrateful to hang with passion upon the traces of Homer and Virgil and follow without emotion the nearer and plainer footsteps of Shakespeare and Milton. I should think him cold in love for his native land who felt no melting in his heart for that other native country which holds the ashes of his forefathers. Edward Everett. WAR THE GAHE OF TYRANTS. Hark ! heard you not those hoofs of dreadful note ? Sounds not the clang of conflict on the heath ? Saw ye not whom the reeking sabre smote, Nor saved your brethren ere they sank, beneath Tyrants and tyrants' slaves? — The fires of death, The bale-fires flash on high : — from rock to rock, Each volley tells that thousands cease to breathe ; Death rides upon the sulphury Siroc, Red Battle stamps his foot, and nations feel the shock ! I*o ! where the giant on the mountain stands, His blood-red tresses deepening in the sun, With death-shot glowing in his fiery hands, And eye that scorcheth all it glares upon ; Restless it rolls, now fixed, and now anon Flashing afar, — and at his iron feet Destruction cowers to mark what deeds are done ; For, on this morn, three potent nations meet To shed before his shrine the blood he deems most sweet. PATRIOTISM AND WAR Three hosts combine to offer sacrifice ; Three tongues prefer strange orisons on high ; Three gaudy standards flout the pale blue skies ; The shouts are France, Spain, Albion, Victory ! The foe, the victim, and the fond al-ly 7 That fights for all, but ever fights in vain, Are met — as if at home they could not die — To feed the crow on Tal-a-ve'ra's plain, And fertilize the field that each pretends to gain. There shall they rot — ambition's honored fools ! Yes, honor decks the turf that wraps their clay ! Vain sophistry ! in these behold the tools, The broken tools , that tyrants cast away By myriads, when they dare to pave their way With human hearts — to what? — a dream alone. Can despots compass aught that hails their sway ? Or call with truth one span of earth their own, Save that wherein at last they crumble bone by bone ? Byron. VALLEY FORGE. Suitable to Washington ] s Birthday or Any Patri- otic Entertainment. The following oration was delivered upon the occasion of the first Centennial Anniversary of the encampment at Valley Forge. My countrymen, the century that has gone by has changed the face of nature and wrought a revolution in the habits of mankind. We stand to-day at the dawn of an extraordinary age. Freed from the chains of ancient thought and superstition, man has begun to win the most extraordinary victories in the domain of science. One by one he has dispelled the doubts of the ancient world. Nothing is too difficult for his hand to attempt — no region too remote — no place too sacred for his dar- ing eye to penetrate. He has robbed the earth of her secrets and sought to solve the mysteries of the heavens. He has secured and chained to his service the elemental forces of nature — he has made the fire his steed — the winds his ministers — the seas his pathway — the lightning his messenger. He has decended into the bowels of the earth, and walked in safety on the bottom of the sea. He has raised his head above the clouds, and made the impalpable air his resting-place. He has tried to analyze the stars, count the constellations, and weigh the sun. He has advanced 'with such astounding speed that, breathless, we have reached a moment when it seems as if dis- tance had been annihilated, time made as naught, the invisible seen, the inaudible heard, the unspeakable spoken, the intangi- ble felt, the impossible accomplished, And already we knock at the door of a new cen- tury which promises to be infinitely brighter and more enlightened and happier than this. But in all this blaze of light which illumi- nates the present and casts its reflection into the distant recesses of the past, there is not a single ray which shoots into the future. Not one step have we taken toward the solu- tion of the mystery of life. That remains as dark and unfathomable as it was ten thous- and years ago. We know that we are more fortunate than our fathers. We believe that our children shall be happier than we. We know that this century is more enlightened than the last. We believe that the time to come will be better and more glorious than this. We think, we believe, we hope, but we do not know. Across that threshold we may not pass ; behind that veil we may not pene- trate. Into that country it may not be for us to go. It may be vouchsafed to us to behold it, wonderingly, from afar, but never to enter in. It matters not. The age in which we live is but a link in the endless and eternal chain. Our lives are like the sands upon the shore ; our voices like the breath of this summer breeze that stirs the leaf for a moment and is forgotten. Whence we have come and whither we shall go, not one of us can tell. And the last survivor of this mighty multitude shall stay but a little while. But in the impenetrable To Be, the end- less generations are advancing to take our places as we fall. For them as for us shall the earth roll on and the seasons come and PATRIOTISM AND WAR go, the snowfiakes fall, the flowers bloom, and the harvests be gathered in. For them as for us shall the sun, like the life of man, rise out of darkness in the morning and sink into darkness in the night. For them as for us shall the years march by in the sublime procession of the ages. And here, in this place of sacrifice, in this vale of humiliation, in this valley of the shadow of that Death out of which the life of America arose, regenerate and free, let us believe with an abiding faith that, to them, union will seem as dear, and liberty as sweet, and progress as glorious, as they were to our fathers and are to you and me, and that the institutions which have made us happy, preserved by the virtue of our children, shall bless the remotest generations of the time to come. And unto Him who holds in the hollow of His hand the fate of nations, and yet marks the sparrow's fall, let us lift up our hearts this day, and into His eternal care commend ourselves, our children, and our country. H. A. Brown. THE MAN WHO DOES THE CHEERIN'. This war with Spain reminds me o' the spring o' '61, About the time or jist afore the Civil War begun ; A certain class o' heroes ain't remembered in this age, Yit their names in golden letters should be writ on histry's page. Their voices urged on others to save this ol' country's fall ; I admit they never listened when they heerd Abe Lincoln's call ; They never heerd a eagle scream er heerd a rifle crack, But you bet they done the cheerin' When the troops come back. O' course it's glorious to fight when free- dom is at stake, I 'low a feller likes to know that he hez helped to make Another star in freedom's sky — the star o' Cuby — free ! But still another feelin' creeps along o' that when he Gits to thinkin' o' the home he left en seein' it at night Dancin' slowlike up aroun' him in a misty maze o' light. En a-ketchin' fieetin' glimpses of a crowd along the track, Kn the man who does the cheerin' When the troops come back. O' course a soldier hez got feelin 's en his heart begins to beat Faster, ez ol' reckollection leads him down some shady street Where he knows a gal's a-waitin' under- neath a creepin' vine, Where the sun is kinder cautious 'bout combatin' with the shine In her eyes — en jist anuther thing that nuther you er I Could look at with easy feelin 's is a piece o' pumpkin pie That hez made our mothers famous — but down there along the track Is the man who does the cheerin' When the troops come back. It's jist the same in war times ez in com- mon ev'ry day, When a feller keeps a-strugglin' en a-peg- gin' on his way, He likes to hev somebody come and grab him by the hand, En say: "01' boy, you'll git there yit; you've got the grit en sand." It does him good, en I 'low that it does a soldier, too ; So even if the feller at the track don't wear the blue, He's helped save bleedin' Cuby from the tyrants en their rack By leadin' in the cheerin' When the troops come back. Edward Singer. TO THE FLYING SQUADRON. FIERCE flock of sea gulls, with huge wings of white, Tossed on the treacherous blue, Poising your pinions in majestic flight — Our hearts take voyage with you. God save us from war's terrors ! May they cease ! And yet one fate, how worse 1 PATRIOTISM AND WAR 123 A bloodless, perjured, prostituting peace, Glutting a coward's purse ! Oh, if yon beaks and talons clutch and cling Far in the middle seas With those of hostile war birds, wing to wing — Our hearts shall fight with these. God speed you ! Never fared crusading knight On holier quest than ye — Sworn to the rescue of the trampled right, Sworn to make Cuba free ! Yea, swiftly to avenge our martyred " Maine," I watch you curve and wheel In horrible grace of battle — scourge of Spain, Birds with the beaks of steel ! A SONU FOR OUR FLEETS. song for our fleets — our iron fleets, Of grim and savage beauty, That plow their way through fields of spray To follow a nation's duty ! The winds may blow and the waves may flow And stars may hide their faces, But we little reck, our stars o'er deck Still glitter within their places, Let never a one who gazes on This pageant, calm and splendid, Doubt that our coasts from hostile hosts Will gallantly be defended ! A desperate foe may wish us woe, But what is their petty knavery Against the right, when backed by might And Anglo-Saxon bravery ? A song for our fleets — our gallant fleets, 'Neath flags of glory flying, That carry the aid, so long delayed, To those that are crushed and dying ! And flames may glow, and blood may flow, But, still with a stern endeavor, We'll rule the main, and lash foul Spain From our western world forever ! Wiu* Carleton. PICTURE OF WAR. Spirit of light and life ! when battle rears Her fiery brow and her terrific spears ! When red-mouthed cannon to the clouds uproar, And gasping thousands make their beds in gore, While on the billowy bosom of the air Roll the dead notes of anguish and des- pair ! . Unseen, thou walk 'st on the smoking plain, And hear'st each groan that gurgles from the slain ! List ! war peals thunder on the battlefield, And many a hand grasps firm the glitter- ing shield, As on, with helm and plume, the warriors come, And the glad hills repeat their stormy drum ! And now are seen the youthful and the gray, With bosoms firing to partake the fray ; The first with hearts that consecrate the deed, All eager rush to vanquish or to bleed ! Like young waves racing in the morning sun, That rear and leap with reckless fury on ! But mark yon war-worn man, who looks on high, With thought and valor mirrored in his eye ! Not all the gory revels of the day Can fright the vision of his home away ; The home of love, and its associate smiles, His wife's endearment, and his baby's wiles : Fights he less brave through recollected bliss, With step retreating, or with sword remiss ? Ah no ! remembered home's the warrior's charm, Speed to his sword, and vigor to his arm ; For this he supplicates the God afar, Fronts the steeled foe, and mingles in the war ! The cannon's hushed! — nor drum, not clarion sound : Helmet and hauberk gleam upon the ground ; I2 4 PATRIOTISM AND WAR Horsemen and horse lie weltering in their gore ; Patriots are dead, and heroes dare no more; While solemnly the moonlight shrouds the plain, And lights the lurid features of the slain ! And see ! on this rent mound, where daisies sprung, A battle steed beneath his rider flung ; Oh ! never more he'll rear with fierce delight, Roll his red eyes, and rally for the fight ! Pale on his bleeding breast the warrior lies, While from his ruffled lids the white- • swelled eyes Ghastly and grimly stare upon the skies 1 Afar, with bosom bared unto the breeze, White lips, and glaring eyes, and shivering knees, A widow o'er her martyred soldier moans, Loading the night-winds with delirious groans ! Her blue-eyed babe, unconscious orphan he! So sweetly prattling in his cherub glee, Leers on his lifeless sire with infant wile, And plays and plucks him for a parent's smile ! But who, upon the battle- wasted plain, Shall count the faint, the gasping and the slain ? Angel of Mercy ! ere the blood- fount chill, And the brave heart be spiritless and still, Amid the havoc thou art hovering nigh, To calm each groan, and close each dying eye, And waft the spirit to that halcyon shore, Where war's loud thunders lash the winds no more ! Robert Montgomery. BERNARDO DEL CARPIO. A splendid selection for the portrayal of varying emoti Ka^ed? defiaVfe and resignTtk.n!' ' 1 ' T he warrior bowed his crested head, and tamed his heart of fire, And sued the hearty king to free his long- imprisoned sire : ' ' I bring thee here my fortress-keys, I bring my captive train, I pledge thee faith, my liege, my lord ! — oh, break my father's chain ! " "Rise, rise ! even now thy father comes a ransomed man, this day : Mount thy good horse, and thou and I will meet him on his way." Then lightly rose that loyal son , and bounded on his steed, And urged, as if with lance in rest, the charger's foamy speed. And lo ! from far, as on they pressed, there came a glittering band, With one that 'midst them stately rode, as a leader in the land ; " Now haste, Bernardo, haste! forthere, in very truth, is he, The father whom thy faithful heart hath yearned so long to see. ' ' His dark eye flash ' d , his proud breast heav 'd , his cheek's blood came and went; He reached that gray-haired chieftain's side, and there, dismounting, bent; A lowly knee to earth he bent, his father's hand he took, — What was there in its touch that all his fiery spirit shook ? That hand was cold — a frozen thing — it dropped from his like lead ; He looked up to the face above — the face was of the dead ! A plume waved o'er the noble brow — the brow was fixed and white ; He met at last his father's eyes — but in them was no sight ! Up from the ground he sprang, and gazed, but who could paint that gaze ? They hushed their very hearts, that saw its horror and amaze ; They might have chained him, as before that stony form he stood, For the power was stricken from his arm, and from his lip the blood. "Father!" at length he murmured low, and wept like childhood then — Talk not of grief till thou hast seen the tears of warlike men I — PATRIOTISM AND WAR 125 He thought on all his glorious hopes, and all his young renown, — He flung his falchion from his side, and in the dust sat down. Then covering with his steel-gloved hands his darkly mournful brow, " No more, there is no more," he said, " to lift the sword for now. — My king is false, my hope betrayed, my father — oh ! the worth, The glory and the loveliness are passed away from earth ! " I thought to stand where banners waved, my sire ! beside thee yet — I would that there our kindred blood on Spain's free soil had met ! Thou wouldst have known my spirit then — for thee my fields were won, — And thou hast perished in thy chains, as though thou hadst no son ! ' ' Then, starting from the ground once more, he seized the monarch's rein, Amidst the pale and wildered looks of all the courtier train ; And with a fierce, o'ermastering grasp, the rearing war horse led, And sternly set them face to face — the king before the dead ! — "Came I not forth upon thy pledge, my father's hand to kiss ? — Be still, and gaze thou on, false king ! and tell me what is this ! The voice, the glance, the heart I sought — give answer, where are they ? — — If thou wouldst clear thy perjured soul, send life through this cold clay ! ' ' Into these glassy eyes put light — Be still ! keep down thine ire, — Bid these white lips a blessing speak — this earth is not my sire ! Give me back him for whom I strove, for whom my blood was shed, — Thou canst not — and a king ! His dust be mountains on thy head ! ' ' He loosed the steed ; his slack hand fell — upon the silent face He cast one long, deep, troubled look — then turned from that sad place ; His hope was crushed, his after fate untold in martial strain, — His banner led the spears no more, amidst the hills of Spain. Felicia D. Hemans. THE ROMAN SENTINEL. "In the excavations made by the government authorities to restore the ancient city of Pompeii, the workmen discovered the bones of a Roman soldier in the sentry box at one of the city's is that this brave sentinel chose to meet death, rather than desert his post of duty." The morning sun rose from his crimson couch In the Orient-land, and bathed the world In golden showers of refreshing light : With orange and with jasmine the gardens Of Pompeii were beautiful and fragrant ; The gray rocks, robed and crowned with vines and flowers, Were lulled to sleep upon the bosom of the Bay. The merchant ships and pleasure boats lay still And lifeless — or, drifting aimlessly between The blue of the skies and the blue of the the sea. Sailing away on silvery pinions, A pair of cloud-lovers, with cheeks of pearl, Blushed to discover, in the sea below, Their mirrored images. The distant isles Answered back smiles of happy contentment To voices calling from the mainland shores. The hazy air, mild and calm, wrapped this proud Old Italian city in a mantle Of deamful repose. On her streets the tramp Of feet, now and then, broke the lazy quiet — Some bought, some sold, some danced, some played, some slept ; , And each one went about his daily work,] Nor dreamed of danger near. At a gate commanding entrance to Pompeii Was placed a trusty sentinel. His tall, Erect and warlike stature told a tale Of dauntless courage. Proud of the faith and Confidence placed in his loyal heart, The sentinel's eyes shone like brilliant stars : PATRIOTISM AND WAR His trumpet, sword and buckler hung about His frame with airy lightness, while his face, His bearing and his every action Proclaimed in terms and force significant — " Here stands a Roman soldier /" While pacing to and fro his measured beat, And dreaming dreams of long expected honors, There comes, beneath him, a strange quick movement ! He stops — waits — listens. Ah, it comes again ! Then he knows the awful truth — an earthquake, That dreadful harbinger of volcanic Action ! A third time, and the ground doth heave Like ocean billows !. Up, through evr'y vein The soldier's blood darts with freezing torture ! He looks towards the Bay,— it boils and struggles In its mad contention, lashing itself As it lashes the shore ! He lifts his trumpet And sounds a loud alarm ! Back from the throat Of great Vesuvius returns the answer, — A rumble, rumble, rumble, like distant Artillery ! Volumes of smoke, dense and Gigantic, roll from the maddened crater ! Daylight ceases ! no sun ! no moon ! no stars ! Now dreadful, appaling, and magnificent Blazes the weird, Plutonian candle ! The ground heaves ! It rocks again ! The waters Leap beyond their shores ! See — the giant mountain Trembles ! Then one long, unnatural, roaring Peal of wild volcanic thunder, and the Fiery lakes of hell are hurled, seething, Into the clouds above ! Sound the danger Signals ! Rouse the thoughtless people ! Fly! fly! Fly for your lives ! Too late ! too late ! forever Too late ! A molton sea of liquid fire Pours down upon the fated city ! Ghastly imps, the spectres of ruin, gloat! Above the hissing surges ! Now a rain Of red-hot ashes, stones, and cinders falls Thick and fast for miles around ! In the sreets, In their shops, in their homes that startled mass Of poor humanity is suddenly Clasped in the arms of unexpected death ! Old age, manhood, bouyant youth, and helpless Infancy all, all at once are buried 'Neath the burning fury of that awful Avalanche ! When the pent up ire Of grim Vesuvius had burst its massive Prison bars, the soldier thought: "What shall I do ? To yon projecting rock I quick Can fly and safety find ! But can I thus betray My sacred trust and win the name of coward ? Is life a gem worth such a price to me ? Could ev'r again these Roman lips repeat The name my father bore ? No ! no ! ' no ! here ! Here will I stand ; so let the fiends of hell Exhaust their utmost fury! Trumpet, sound My challenge bold ! Ye heavens, wear your blackest face ! Volcano, hurl your wildest fires ! For though I choke — I burn — I sink — I die — yet ne'er Will I forsake my post of duty ! ' ' Seventeen Hundred years rolled by ere again the light Of day shone on the buried city : Then excavation broke the seals which held The solemn secret. Two hundred thousand Skulls and more were found entombed beneath The ashes. Every stone and piece of metal Lifted from the ancient ruins, told o'er And o'er the horrors of that dark eruption. At his post the sentinel's bones had kept Their long and ghastly vigil. As in life So e'en in death, the sacred trust was not Deserted. Ward M. Florence. PATRIOTISM AND WAR 127 WASHINGTON'S BIRTHDAY. ^o-day our George of hatchet fame Reminds us of his birth ; He left a loved and honored name, Revered o'er all the earth. He nursed the germs of liberty That bore us priceless fruit, — Declared that nature made us free — No king should persecute. To-day we rank among the nations In power, wealth and fame ; No longer seeking approbation And bear an honored name. Now science, art and invention Are our genial friends ; Education has attention Adapting means to ends. In enterprise we lead all nations, To Uncle Sam all bow ; Daily reaching higher stations : We are not beggars now. Gold, the polar star of power Is near its zenith now — Accumulating ev'ry hour From furnace, loom and plow. Humanity must intercede To check this growing power — To limit selfishness and greed That make the feeble cower. Some politicians doubt the tale About the cherry tree, But recognize behind the veil His love of liberty. John BachEeder, In The Progress THE HOME VOYAGE. A tribute to the memory of General H. W. I.awton, on the coming home of his dead body. Bear with us, O great captain, if our pride Shows equal measure with our grief's excess In greeting you in this your helplessness, To countermand our vanity and hide Your stern displeasure that we thus had tried To praise you, knowing praise was your distress, But this home-coming swells our hearts no less, — Because for love of home you proudly died. L,o, then : — The cable, fathoms 'neath the keel — That shapes your course, is eloquent of you ; The old flag, too, at half mast overhead — We doubt not that its gale-kissed ripples feel A prouder sense of red and white and blue — The stars — Ah, God : Were they inter- preted. In strange lands were your latest honors won — In strange wilds, with strange dangers all beset ; With rain, like tears, the face of day was wet, As rang the ambushed foeman's fatal gun — And as you felt your final duty done, We feel, that glory thrills your spirit yet, When at the front, in swiftest death, you met, The patriots doom and best reward in one. And so the tumult of that island-war ; At last, for you, is stilled forevermore — Its scenes of blood blend white as ocean- foam On your rapt vision as you sight afar The sails of peace : and from that alien shore, The proud ship bears you on your voyage home. Or rough or smooth the wave, or lowering day, Or starlight sky — you hold, by native right, Your high tranquility — the silent might Of the true hero. — So you led the way To victory through the stormiest battle- fray, Because your followers, high above the fight Heard your soul's slight whisper bid them smile For God and man and space to kneel and pray. And thus you cross the seas into your own Beloved land, convoyed with honors meet Saluted as your home's first heritage — Nor salutation from your state alone, But all the states, gathered in mighty fleet Dip colors as you move to anchorage. James Whitcomb Riley in The Progress. PATRIOTISM AND WAR A LEGEND OP THE DECLARATION. By Special Permission oj the Author. The vote on the Declaration was by Colonies. Six had vo "" e Pen ally di ; making Pennsylvan " Jft.eystone state. A hundred years and more have fled Since brave Columbia burst the chains That tyranny and avarice wed. Then liberty was yet a dream — A hymn still sung in whispered strains — A first gray dawn, a herald beam Of freedom's sun. 'Twas then oppression's ruthless hand Was striving to regain its prey, And spread dismay throughout the land. Heroic souls at once convened To crush a hatred monarch's sway, Whose dastard rule had fully weaned His subject's love. Each colony her chosen sent To Philadelphia's spacious hall, The people's will to represent. Success would crown them patriots brave — One thing was needful to them all, Or each might find a traitor's grave — 'Twas unanimity. The Continental Congress met ; Each delegate had said his say, Save one, who had not spoken yet. With us the vote remained a tie : Good Pennsylvania held the sway — 'Twas she who now must cast the die, To wreck or save. John Morton's called ; all eyes are strained— The federal arch is almost built — The arch that freedom's God ordained. He voted right, all undismayed E'en though his true heart's blood be spilt— And thus he nobly, safely laid The Keystone. And so the mighty deed was done, That makes us what we are to-day, By which our sovereign right was won. John Morton gained eternal fame, 'Twill last with Independence Day, And Pennsylvania gained a name — The Keystone State. Geo. M. Vickers. GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE. By Permission of the Author. This poem, written by an old Yankee soldier, was forwarded by General Buckner, of the Union Army, to the Lee Monument —•"■•ion on the occasion of the unvailing of the statue of Lee. il esteem, and also to the magnanimous spirit of his old LET glory's wreath rest on the warrior's tomb, Let monumental shaft surmount his grave, For all the world yields homage to the brave, And heroes dead have vanquished every foe. The earth is strewn with storied slabs which tell That manliness is born of every clime. Each sword is drawn to guard a seeming right, Each blow is struck to crush a fancied wrong ; For war proclaims sincere consistency , And victory but seals just Heaven's decree. O Western World, what noble men are thine, How brave their hearts, how steadfast to the end ! The pride of empire is of valor born, The soldier shapes the destiny of man. Look, then, ye tyrant kings that rule by fear ! Behold, ye nations of the earth ! Our sons Are warriors born : Lee was our son ; he Our son, a soldier, an American. Geo. M. Vickers. ' WE'LL FLING THE STARRY BANNER OUT." {By Special Permission of the Author.} During the year 1893, an effort was made by the Patriotic Orders ' Stripes "floatrJ — of lie schools of the country, so that the children a glorious Republic. 1 his attempt of the Orders met with strong °?&\d Glory " floats ir/the ireez? over ^honsands^f school- houses throughout America. A challenge from the pen of some response to '• Don't You Dare to Fling Out the Flag,"' the fol- We'll fling the Starry Banner out, That nations from afar May read of freedom's holy light Grafted in stripe and star. PATRIOTISM AND WAR We'll fling the Starry Banner out, Because it tells a story , Of days that prompted sons and sires To deeds of love and glory. We'll fling the Starry Banner out, From Maine to Golden Gate ; It breathes a love for liberty, That kings and tyrants hate. We'll fling the Starry Banner out, That patriot hands unfurled ; Proudly it floats o'er land and sea, A lamp to light the world. We'll fling the Starry Banner out, Nor shall a star be riven From out its field of blue so bright, And typical of heaven . We'll fling the Starry Banner out, And guard with greatest care, Its stripes and stars, and field of blue, In peace as well as war. We'll fling the Starry Banner out, So that it may become The pride of every patriot's heart, And a joy in every home. William F. Knott. "PRIVATE JONES." {Encore.) I USED to boss him in the store And oversee his work, For I had charge of one whole floor And he was just a clerk. To-day it's different, if you please ; We've changed respective pegs, I'm private in the ranks — and he's Got stripes down his legs. The girls, whose smiles were once for me, Now scarce vouchsafe a glance, Such great attraction can they see In decorated pants. The erstwhile clerk no longer my Indulgence humble begs. I'm down below. He' up on high, With stripes down his legs. It's " Private Jones, do this and that." In haste I must bestir — To Jenkins, on whom oft I've sat, I'm told to answer " sir ! " One born to rule, it's come to pass Of woe I drink the dregs — I'm in the army, with, alas ! No stripes down my legs. Edwin I,. Sabin. WHO WILL CARE FOR MOTHER NOW? During one of the Spanish war battles, among many other noble fellows that fell, was a young man who had been the only geon tell those °who were near him/that he could not live, "he placed his hand across his forehead and, with a trembling voice, said, while burning tears ran down his fevered cheeks : " Who w e for mothe hy am I so weak and weary ? See how faint my heated breath, All around to me seems darkness — Tell me, comrades, is this death ? Ah ! how well I know your answer, To my fate I meekly bow, If you'll only tell me truly, Who will care for mother now ? CHORUS. Soon with angels I'll be marching, With bright laurels on my brow, I have for my country fallen, Who will care for mother now ? Who will comfort her in sorrow ? Who will dry the fallen tear ? Gently smooth the wrinkled forehead ? Who will whisper words of cheer ? Even now I think I see her Kneeling, praying for me ! how Can I leave her in her anguish ? Who will care for mother now ? Let this knapsack be my pillow, And my mantle be the sky ; Hasten, comrades, to the battle, I will like a soldier die. Soon with angels I'll be marching, With bright laurels on my brow ; I have lor my country fallen, Who will care for mother now ? [ WANT TO GO HOME. f the common soldier is not all joy anrt ;rience of almost every one who has borne i would fail to find the sentiment of the following lines somewhere in their own recollections. I want to go home wailed the privit, The sarg'ent an' corpril the same, Fer I'm sick of the camp an' the drilling 13° PATRIOTISM AND WAR The grub an' the rest of the game ; I'm willin' to do all the fightin' They'll give me in any old way, But me girl's all alone an' I want to go home, An' I want to go home to-day. Fer I've marched 'till me throat was a crackin', 'Till crazed fer the sake of a drink ; I've drilled 'till me back was a breakin', An' I haven't had gumption to think ; An' I've done my whole share of policin' An' guard ; an' I'm tired of me lay, Fer me girl's all alone an' I want to go home, An' I want to go home to-day. Do they need us, a dyin' in camp life ? They say it's the water and such ; We think it's more likely we're homesick, But the life of a privit ain't much. An' they know we can fight if we have to, An' they won't have to show us the way, But me girl's all alone an' I want to go home, An' I want to go home to-day. of British British w< BOER PRAYERS AT BRITISH GRAVES. :alth officer, writing a description of the burial =rs at I.adysmith, tells how the Boers helped dead and prayed and sang at the graves. The :eply moved thereby. _ In the Westminster Tenderly down the hill we bore them, Riddled with bullets, shattered with shell ; Never a cry was lifted o'er them, Never a tear above them fell. Friendly came the Boers beside them, Muttered, "Poor fellows, so worn and thin! " Helped us to hollow the trench to hide them, Helped us to carefully lay them in. Hornily-handed, rough of faces, All their battle-wrath passed away ; It seemed the hearts of the sundered races Were one in love of the dead that day. Solemnly, then, we read the verses " Ashes to ashes ! dust to dust ! " A.s we gave our mates to the last of nurses — The pitiful earth in whose peace we trust. Kindly up there stepped a foeman, Stepped to the grave and prayed a prayer, Never a son of a British woman But felt the breath of the L,ord was there. Faithfully, humbly did he pray it — Prayed to the Father of foe and friend To look from heaven at last and stay it, Make of this terrible war an end. Plaintively then uprose their chorus — A hymn to the God of the warless years ; The tender heart of a girl came o'er us ; We sobbed, and turned from the grave in tears. H. D. Rawnsley. A SOLDIER'S OFFERING. {For Decoration Day. By special pi the author.) The laurel wreath of glory That decks the soldier's grave, Is but the finished story, — The record of the brave ; And he who dared the danger, Who battled well and true, To honor was no stranger, Though garbed in gray or blue. Go, strip your choicest bowers, Where blossoms sweet abound, Then scatter free your flowers Upon each moss-grown mound ; Though shaded by the North's tall pine Or South's palmetto tree, Let sprays that soldier's graves entwine, A soldier's tribute be. Geo. M. Vickers. ADniRAL SUSAN JANE. I may be wrong about it, but it seems to me, by gum ! That this here war we're in ain't bein' managed right ; I know somebody that I'll bet could fairly make things hum And knock the Spaniards out of time before to-morrow night. S-s-s-h ! Say, don't let her hear us ! But I'll bet if Susan Jane Could be appointed admiral fer jist about a day PATRIOTISM AND WAR 131 The powers couldn't stop 'er — it'd all be up with Spain — One look from her, and every Don would want to sneak away. I'd like to see Cervera or old Blanco when she got Him cornered, as she often corners me, And then look through and through him — laws ! I'll bet he would not Be long in beggin' fer a chance to scoot across the sea ! Talk about your fiery looks ! One look from Susan Jane Jist sets my blood a-tinglin' and upsets me fer a week — If she could meet Sagasta that would settle things for Spain — She'd make him give up all before he'd got a chance to speak ! O, I'd like to see old Weyler go if she was in pursuit, With a pair of trusty scissors in her hand ! I'll bet he wouldn't argue, and I'll bet that he would scoot, As he'd go it from Old Nick and all his brimstone eatin' band ! — I wouldn't want to say it, if I thought that she could hear, But it'd be a chilly day fer poor old groggy Spain If our commodores and admirals were all to disappear, And the whole affair was put into the hands of Susan Jane. S. E. Kiser. THE AMERICAN FLAG. A thoughtful mind, when it sees a nation's flag, sees not the flag only, but the nation itself; and whatever may be its symbols, its insignia, he reads chiefly in the flag the government, the principles, the truths, the history, which belong to the nation that sets it forth. When the French tricolor rolls out to the wind, we see France. When the new-found Italian flag is unfurled, we see resurrected Italy. When the other three cornered Hungarian flag shall be lifted to the wind, we shall see in it the long-buried but never dead principles ol Hungarian liberty. When the united crosses of St. Andrew and St. George on a fiery ground set forth the banner of Old England, we see not the cloth merely ; there rises up before the mind the noble aspect of that monarchy, which, more than any other on the globe, has advanced its banner for liberty, law and national prosperity. This nation has a banner too ; and when- ever it streamed abroad, men saw daybreak bursting on their eyes, for the American flag has been the symbol of liberty, and men rejoiced in it. Not another flag 00 the globe had such an errand, or went forth upon thesea, carrying everywhere, the world around, such hope for the captive and such glorious tidings. The stars upon it were to the pining nations like the morning stars of God, and the stripes upon it were beams of morning light. As at early dawn the stars stand first, and then it grows light, and then as the sun ad- vances, the light breaks into banks and streaming lines of color, the glowing red and intense white striving together and ribbing the horizon with bars effulgent, so on the American flag, stars and beams of many colored light shine out together. And wherever the flag comes, and men behold it, they see in its sacred emblazonry, no rampant lion and fierce eagle, but only light, and every fold significant of liberty. The history of this banner is all on one side. Under it rode Washington and his armies ; before it Burgoyne laid down his arms. It waved on the highlands at West Point ; it floated over old Fort Montgomery. When Arnold would have surrendered these valuable fortresses and precious legacies, his night was turned into day, and his treachery was driven away, by the beams of light from this starry banner. It cheered our army, driven from New York, in their solitary pilgrimage through New Jersey. It streamed in light over Valley Forge and Morristown . It crossed the waters rolling with ice at Trenton ; and when its stars gleamed in the cold morning with victory, a new day of hope dawned on the despondency of the nation. And when, at length, the long years of war were I 3 2 PATRIOTISM AND WAR drawing to a close, underneath the folds of this immortal banner sat Washington while Yorktown surrendered its hosts, and our Revolutionary struggles ended with victory. L,et us then twine each thread of the glorious tissue of our country's flag about our heartstrings ; and looking upon our homes and catching the spirit that breathes upon us from the battlefields of our fathers, let us resolve, come weal or woe, we will, in life and in death, now and forever, stand by the Stars and Stripes. They have been unfurled from the snows of Canada to the plains of New Orleans, in the halls of the Montezumas and amid the solitude of every sea ; and everywhere, as the luminous s}'m- bol of resistless and beneficent power, they have led the brave to victory and to glory. They have floated over our cradles ; let it be our prayer and our struggle that they shall float over our graves. In this consists our hope, and without it there can be no future for our nation. Henry Ward Beecher. RIENZI TO THE ROMAN CONSPIRATORS IN 1347. Romans ! look round you — on this sacred place There once stood shrines, and gods, and godlike men. What see you now ? — what solitary trace Is left of all that made Rome's glory then ? The shrines are sunk, the Sacred Mount bereft Even of its name — and nothing now remains But the deep memory of that glory, left To whet our pangs and aggravate our chains ! But shall this be ? Our sun and sky the same, — Treading the very soil our fathers trod, — What withering curse hath fallen on soul and frame, What visitation hath there come from God, To blast our strength, and rot us into slaves, Here, on our great forefathers' glorious graves ? It can not be ! Rise up, ye mighty dead, — If we, the living, are too weak to crush These tyrant priests, that o'er your empire tread, Till all but Romans at Rome's tameness. blush ! Happy, Palmyra, in thy desert domes, Where only date-trees sigh, and ser- pents hiss ! And thou, whose pillars are but silent homes For the stork's brood, superb Per-sep'olis ! Thrice happy both, that your extinguished race Have left no embers — no half-living trace — No slaves, to crawl around the once proud spot, Till past renown in present shame's forgot ; While Rome, the queen of all, whose very wrecks, If lone and lifeless through a desert hurled, Would wear more true magnificence than decks The assembled thrones of all the existing world — Rome, Rome alone is haunted, stained, and cursed, Through every spot her princely Tiber laves, By living human things — the deadliest, worst, This earth engenders — tyrants and their slaves ! And we — O, shame ! — we, who have pon- dered o'er The patriot's lesson, and the poet's lay; Have mounted up the streams of an- cient lore, Tracking our country's glories all the way — Even we have tamely, basely kissed the ground, Before that tyrant power, that ghost of her, The world's imperial mistress — sitting, crowned And ghastly, 011 her mouldering sepulcher ! But this is past ! — too long have lordly priests And priestly lords led us, with all our pride PATRIOTISM AND WAR 133 Withering about us, — like devoted beasts, Dragged to the shrine, with faded gar- lands tied. 'Tis o'er— the dawn of our deliverance breaks ! Up from his sleep of centuries awakes The Genius of the old republic, free As first he stood, in chainless majesty, And sends his voice through ages yet to come, Proclaiming Rome, Rome, Rome, Eternal Rome ! Thomas Moore. MOTHER AND POET. ( Turin. After news from Gceia, 1861. ) DEAD ! one of them shot by the sea in the east, And one of them shot in the west by the sea. Dead ! both my boys ! When you sit at the feast And are wanting a great song for Italy free, L,et none look at me ! Yet I was a poetess only last year, And good at my art, for a woman, men said. But this, woman, this, who is agonized here, The east sea and west sea rhyme on in her head Forever instead. What art's for a woman ? To hold on her knees Both darlings ! to feel all their arms round her throat Cling, strangle a little ! To sew by degrees, And 'broider the long clothes and neat little coat ! To dream and to dote. To teach them — It stings there. I made them indeed Speak plain the word "country." I taught them, no doubt, That a country's a thing men should die for at need. I prated of liberty, rights, and about The tyrant turned out. And when their eyes flashed — O my beauti* ful eyes ! I exulted ! nay, let them go forth at the wheels Of the guns, and denied not. But then the surprise, When one sits quite alone ! Then one weeps, then one kneels ! — God how the house feels ! At first happy news came, in gay letters moiled With my kisses, of camplife and glory, and how They both .loved me, and soon coming home to be spoiled, In return would fan off every fly from my brow With their green-laurel bough. Then was triumph at Turin. " Ancona was free." And some one came out of the cheers in the street, With a face pale as stone, to say something to me — My Guido was dead ! — I fell down at his feet, While they cheered in the street. I bore it — friends soothed me ; my grief looked sublime As the ransom of Italy ; one boy remained To be leant on and walked with, recalling the time When the first grew immortal, while both of us strained To the height he had gained. And letters still came, shorter, sadder, more strong, Writ now but in one hand, " I was not to faint. One loved me for two — would be with me ere long ; And " Viva Italia" he died for, our saint, Who forbids our complaint. My Nanni would add, " he was safe . and aware Of a presence that turned off the balls ; was imprest PATRIOTISM AND WAR It was Guido himselt, who knew what I could bear, And how 'twas impossible, quite dis- To live on for the rest," On which, without pause, up the telegraph line Swept smoothly the news from Gaeta : Shot, Tell his mother, Ah, ah — " his," " their " mother ; not ' ' mine. ' ' No voice says ' ' my mother ' ' again to me. What ! You think Guido forgot ? Are souls straight so happy that, dizzy with Heaven, They drop earth's affection, conceive not of woe ? I think not. Themselves were too lately forgiven, Through that love and sorrow which reconciled so The Above and Below. O Christ of the seven wounds, Wholook'dst through the dark To the face of Thy mother ; consider, I pray, How we common mothers stand desolate, mark, Whose sons, not being Christs, die with eyes turned away. And no last word to say 1 Both boys dead ! but that's out of nature. We all Have been patriots, yet each house must always keep one, 'Twere imbecile, hewing out roads to a wall. And, when Italy's made, for what end is it done If we have not a son ? Ah, ah, ah ! when Gaeta 's taken, what then? When the fair wicked queen sits no more at her sport Of the fire-balls of death crashing souls out of men, When your guns of Cavalli with final retort Have cut the game short, When Venice and Rome keep their new jubilee, When your flag takes all heaven for its white, green, and red, When you have your country from moun- tain to sea, When King Victor has Italy's crown on his head, (And I have my dead) What then ? Do not mock me 1 Ah, ring your bells low, And burn your lights faintly. My coun- try is there ; Above the star pricked by the last peak of snow, My Italy's there, with my brave civic pair, To disfranchise despair. Dead ! — one of them shot by the sea in the west I And one of them shot in the east by the sea ! Both ! both my boys ! — If in keeping the feast You want a great song for your Italy free, Let none look at me ! Elizabeth Barrett Brown. DECORATION DAY. Down by the clear river's side they wan- dered, Hand in hand, on that perfect day ; He was young, handsome, brave, and tender, She more sweet than the flowers of May. He looked on her with brown eyes adoring, Watching her blushes grow soft and deep ; " Darling," he said, with tones imploring, ' ' Shall we not ever the memory keep " Of this bright day, so happy, so holy ; This sweetest hour my life has e 'er known , When you, dear, speaking gently and slowly, Answered me ' Yes,' when I called }'ou my own ? ' ' Fair was the sky, the sunset, the river, Wind in the trees, the water's low psalm, Bird-song, scent of wild roses. Oh, never Was there an hour more blissful and calm 1 PATRIOTISM AND WAR 135 Close in his arms he held her : the morrow Would bring to their fond hearts parting and pain, — After love's rapture, bitterest sorrow ; After May sunshine, gloom and the rain. The country her sons to save her was calling ; He answered her summons, fearless and brave ; On to the front, where heroes were falling, Love and all of life's promise he gave. She by the hearth, through long hours' slow measure, Watched and yearned, and suffered and prayed ; Read o'er his letters, lovingly treasured, Hoped his return, — to hope, half afraid. " God is good," she said. " His love will infold him, Protect him, and bring him safe to me again ; I shall hear him once more, in rapture behold him, — Oh, blessed reward, for my waiting and pain ! " In camp, on the field, on marches long, weary , Her face and her voice in his heart's inner shrine He kept ; they brightened his way when most dreary, Lifted his life to the Life all devine. He fell in the ranks, at awful Stone River, Blood of our heroes made sacred that sod ; On battle's red tide his soul went out ever Forward and upward , to meet with his God . Worn, grown old, yet tenderly keeping, Every May month, sad tryst with her dead, She knows not where her darling is sleeping, She lays no garlands on his low bed. All soldiers' graves claim her love and her blessing : She decks them with flowers made sacred by tears ; Love of her heart for her soldier expressing, "Love that is stronger than death," through the years. Soon in the land of unfading beauty, He, faithful knight of valor and truth, She, living martyr to country and duty, Shall find the sweetness and love of their youth. Honor the dead with richest oblation, — Cover their graves with laurel and palm ! Honor the living for life's consecration, — Give to their pierced hearts love's heal- ing balm. Mary Hussey. FREEDOM'S FLAG. When Freedom from her mountain height Unfurled her standard to the air, She tore the azure robe of night, And set the stars of glory there ; She mingled with its gorgeous dyes The milky baldric of the skies, And striped its pure celestial white With streakings of the morning light; Then, from his mansion in the sun She called her eagle bearer down, And gave into his mighty hand The symbol of her chosen land. Majestic monarch of the cloud ! Who rear'st aloft thy regal form, To hear the tempest-trumpings loud, And see the lightning lances driven, When strive the warriors of the storm, And rolls the thunder-drum of heaven- Child of the sun ! to thee 'tis given To guard the banner of the free, To hover in the sulphur- smoke, To ward away the battle- stroke, And bid its blendings shine afar, Like rainbows on the cloud of war, The harbingers of victory ! Flag of the brave ! thy folds shall fly, The sign of hope and triumph high, When speaks the signal trumpet-tone, And the long line comes gleaming on ; Ere yet the life-blood, warm and wet, Has dimmed the glistening bayonet, Each soldier eye shall brightly turn To where thy sky-born glories burn, And as his springing steps advance Catch war and vengeance from the glance. 136 PATRIOTISM AND WAR And when the cannon-mouthings loud Heave in wild wreaths the battle-shroud, And gory sabres rise and fall Like shoots of flame on midnight's pall, Then shall thy meteor glances glow, And cowering foes shall sink beneath Each gallant arm that strikes below That lovely messenger of death. Flag of the seas ! on ocean wave Thy stars shall glitter o'er the brave ; When death, careering on the gale, Sweeps darkly round the bellied sail, And frighted waves rush wildly back Before the broadside's reeling rack, Each dying wanderer of the sea Shall look at once to heaven and thee, And smile to see thy splendors fly In triumph o'er his closing eye. Flag of the free heart's hope and home I By angel hands to valor given ; Thy stars have lit the welkin dome, And all thy hues were born in heaven. Forever float that standard sheet ! Where breathes the foe but falls before us , With Freedom's soil beneath our feet, And Freedom's banner streaming o'er us ? J. Rodman Drake. MASSACHUSETTS. April, 1S61. God bless old Massachusetts ! Through every pulse I feel The echo of her martial tread, the ringing of her steel — The loyal voices of her sons, whose utter- ance brave and clear First gave to Freedom's faltering heart the promise and the cheer ! Oh, sons of Massachusetts, first to rally, first to die ! The patriot fire within your hearts, its light within your eye, Ye bless anew the sacred flag above your ranks unrolled, Ye conquer 'neath its stripes and stars, or sleep within its fold. Oh, sons of Massachusetts, ye were nursed at Freedom's breast, Her strength is in the air ye breathed, and in the soil ye prest ; Her life is in the blood that leaps from loyal heart to hand, That burns to blot the traitor's name for- ever from the land ! Go, strong of heart and brave, beneath your banner's stary light, Ye battle for the truth of God, for liberty and right ; And never let the sword be sheathed, the conquering flag be furled, Till our enfranchised land proclaim her freedom to the world ! God bless old Massachusetts! She has nurtured noble men ; They go from every sea-girt town, from hillside and from glen, Bravely to victory or death, where Free- dom's hosts are led, The glory of our Commonwealth — the living and the dead ! Anna Phillips Clarke. Part IV NARRATIVE AND DESCRIPTIVE ^ I ^his department embraces selections calculated to call forth those qualities of mind and imagination neccessary to describe many and varied scenes, conditions and emotions, common to human experience. It includes also the simple conversational narrative of quiet life as well as the impassioned , dramatic , weird and fantastic portrayals of events that send the blood boiling to the heart or freeze it in the veins. So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating, " 'Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door, — Some late visitor entreating entrance at my • chamber door ; That it is, and nothing more." THE RAVEN. This poem is generally considered the most remarkable exam- ple of a harmony of sentiment with rhythmical expression to be endeavoring to win from books " surcease of sorrow for the lost Lenore," a raven-the symbol of despair— enters the room and colloquy follows between the :s haunting croak of " Never- "The Rave rsallyre ■ ■: all H ONCE upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious vol- ume of fogotten lore,— While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, A.s of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. " 'Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door — Only this and nothing more." Ah, distinctly I remember, it was in the bleak December, And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow ; vainly I had sought to borrow From my books surcease of sorrow — sorrow for the lost L,enore, — For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore, — Nameless here forevermore. And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple curtain, Thrilled me, — filled me with fantastic ter- rors never felt before ; Presently my soul grew stronger : hesitating then no longer, " Sir," Said I, "or Madam, truly your for- giveness I implore ; But the fact is, I was napping, and so gently you came rapping, And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door, That I scarce was sure I heard you" — here I opened wide the door : Darkness there, and nothing more. Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there, wondering, fearing, Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortals ever dared to dream before ; But the silence was unbroken, and the still- ness gave no token, And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, " L,enore ! " This / whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, "LknorE ! " Merely this, and nothing more. Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning, Soon again I heard a tapping, something louder than before. 138 NARRATIVE AND DESCRIPTIVE " Surely," said I, " surely that is something at my window-lattice ; Let me see then what thereat is and this mystery explore, — Let my heart be still a moment, and this mystery explore ; — 'Tis the wind, and nothing more." Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter, In there stepped a stately raven of the saintly days of yore. Not the least obeisance made he ; not a . minute stopped or stayed he ; But, with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber door, — Perched upon a bust of Pallas, just above my chamber door — Perched, and sat, and nothing more. Then this ebon bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling, By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore, ' ' Though thy crest be shorn and shaven , thou, ' ' I said, ' ' art sure no craven : Ghastly, grim, and ancient raven, wander- ing from the nightly shore, Tell me what thy lordly name is on the night's Plutonian shore? " Qoath the raven , ' ' Nevermore ! ' ' Much I marveled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly, Though its answer little meaning, little relevancy bore ; For we cannot help agreeing that no living human being Ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber door, Bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above his chamber door With such name as ' ' Nevermore ! ' ' But the raven , sitting lonely on that placid bust, spoke only That one word, as if his soul in that one word he did outpour. Nothing further then he uttered; not a feather then he fluttered — Till I scarcely more than muttered, " Other friends have flown before, On the morrow he will leave me, as my hopes have flown before. Then the bird said, " Nevermore I " Startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken, " Doubtless," said I, " what it utters is its only stock and store, Caught from some unhappy master, whom unmerciful disaster Followed fast and followed faster, till his songs one burden bore, Till the dirges of his hope that melancholy burden bore, Of — ' Never — nevermore ! ' n But the raven still beguiling all my sad soul into smiling, Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird and bust and door, Then, upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking Francy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore — What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore Meant in croaking ' ' Nevermore ! ' ' This I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core ; This and more I sat divining, with my head at ease reclining On the cushion's velvet lining that the lamp-light gloated o'er, But whose velvet violet lining with the lamp- light gloated o'er She shall press — ah ! nevermore ! Then methought the air grew denser, per- fumed from an unseen censer Swung by seraphim, whose foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor, "Wretch," I cried, "thy God hath lent thee, — by these angels he hath sent thee Respite — respite and nepenthe from thy memories of Lenore ! Quaff, oh, quaff this kind nepenthe, and forget the lost Lenore ! " Quoth the raven, " Nevermore ! " "Prophet!" cried I, "thing of evil! — prophet still, if bird or devil ! Whether tempter sent, or wheter tempest tossed thee here ashore, Desolate, yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted — NARRATIVE AND DESCRIPTIVE On this home by horror haunted — tell me truly, I implore, — Is there — is there balm in Gilead? — tell me — tell me, I implore !" Quoth the raven, " Nevermore 1" "Prophet!" cried I, "thing of evil! — prophet still, if bird or devil ! By that heaven that bends above us, by that God we both adore, Tell this soul, with sorrow laden, if within the distant Aidenn, It shall clasp a sainted maiden, whom the angels name Eenore ; Clasp a rare and radiant maiden, whom the angels name Ignore ! ' ' Quoth the raven, "Nevermore ! " " Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend ! " I shrieked, upstarting,— " Get thee back into the tempest and the night's Plutonian shore ! Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken ! Leave my loneliness unbroken ! — quit the bust above my door ! Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door ! ' ' Quoth the raven, " Nevermore ! " A.nd the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting On the pallid bust of Pallas, just above my chamber door ; And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon's that is dreaming, And the lamp-light o'er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor ; And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor Shall be lifted — nevermore ! Edgar Allan Poe. THE SKELETON IN ARMOR. This famous ballad, like Poe's " Raven," belong weird and fantastic class. The writing of it was sugg Mr. Longfellow by the digging up of a mail-clad skeleto River, Massachusetts— a circumstance which the poe with the traditions about the Round Tower at Newpi giving to it the spirit of a Norse Viking song of wai I QpEAK ! speak ! thou fearful guest ! O Who, with thy hollow breast Still in rude armor drest, Cotnest to daunt me ! Wrapt not in Eastern balms, But with thy fleshless palms Stretched, as if asking alms, Why dost thou haunt me?" Then, from those cavernous eyes Pale flashes seemed to rise, As when the Northern skies Gleam in December ; And, like the water's flow Under December's snow, Came a dull voice of woe From the heart's chamber. " I was a Viking old ! My deeds, though manifold, No Skald in song has told, No Saga taught thee ! Take heed, that in thy verse Thou dost the tale rehearse, Else dread a dead man's curse ! For this I sought thee. " Far in the Northern Land, By the wild Baltic's strand, I, with my childish hand, Tamed the ger-falcon ; And, with my skates fast-bound, Skimmed the half-frozen Sound, That the poor whimpering hound Trembled to walk on. " Oft to his frozen lair Tracked I the grizzly bear, While from my path the hare Fled like a shadow ; Oft through the forest dark Followed the were-wolfs bark, Until the soaring lark Sang from the meadow. 14 But when I older grew, Joining a corsair's crew, O'er the dark sea I flew With the marauders. Wild was the life we led ; Many the souls that sped, Many the hearts that bled, By our stern orders. " Many a wassail -bout Wore the long winter out ; Often our midnight shout Set the cocks crowing, NARRATIVE AND DESCRIPTIVE As we the Berserk's tale Measured in cups of ale, Draining the oaken pail, Filled to o'erflowing. ' ' Once as I told in glee Tales of the stormy sea, Soft eyes did gaze on me, Burning out tender ; And as the white stars shine On the dark Norway pine, On that dark heart of mine Fell their soft splendor. ' ' I wooed the blue-eyed maid, Yielding, yet half afraid, And in the forest's swade Our vows were plighted. Under its loosened vest Fluttered her little breast, Like birds within their nest By the hawk frighted. " Bright in her father's hall Shields gleamed upon the wall, I