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SOUVENIR... 
 
 AND GUIDE BOOK 
 
 -OF- 
 
 HARPER'S FERRY, 
 ANTIETAM and 
 SOUTH MOUNTAIN 
 
 ....BATTLEFIELDS. 
 
 ^M t<5^ c5^ 
 
 BY 
 
 S. RD. GROVE, 
 
 HARPER'S FERRY, 
 ...W. Va... 
 
 ^^ c^^ c^^ 
 
 PRESS OF 
 
 THOMPSON BROTHERS, 
 
 MARTINSBURG, 
 
 W. VA. 
 
 i8g8 
 
5TiU'\b 
 
 
 2()5nB 
 
 COPYRIGHT, 1898, 
 BY S. ED. GROVE, HARPER'S FERRY, W. VA. 
 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 I have no doubt disappointed very many of my friends and I 
 have scarcely half improved the opportunity that laid before me 
 in the compilation of this little Souvenir and Guide Book, j^et 
 I feel that I have met a want and linked together two events in 
 history that are peculiarly fitted to be thus associated. 
 
 What Brown' s Eaid failed to accomplish on Oct. 16th, 1859, was 
 madepossible three years later by the battlesofAntietam and South 
 Mountain, fought nearly upon the same spot. What the poor 
 w^ool-dealer and his followers failed to do unlawfully, was done as 
 a measure of war by the U. S. Government upon the issue of 
 these battles. 
 
 I have reference to the Emancipation Proclamation, issued Jan. 
 1st, 1863. 
 
 The provisions of the Chatham Constitution, over which 
 Brown would liked to have remodeled the government (given 
 elsewhere) are virtually the same as the present Constitution, 
 slavery being omitted. And the crowning results of the war, 
 no doubt, surpasses the most roseate dreams of the raiders. 
 
 I have no war prejudices and was but a little boy in kilts at 
 the time, and remember but its pomp. I view the results 
 through honest spectacles. I do not assume the sole authorship 
 of the little book, either ; a number of friends contributed to its 
 success. Principally is Dr. Thos. Fatherstonhaugh, Washington, 
 D. C, who contributed photos of all the raiders and their legal 
 prosecutors and counsel, without which the book would have 
 been divested of much of its interest. 
 
 Others contributed willingly and abundantly in various di- 
 rections, for all which I herewith extend my most heartfelt 
 gratitude. 
 
 v^ t^ t^ 
 
S' Harper^s Ferry, S' 
 
 "VVhetlier I sliall call this book a souvenir of the gorgeous scen- 
 ery that breaks upon tlie eye, or the great natural gateway of 
 tlie Potomac and Shenandoah rivers, as tliey embrace and flow 
 to the sea, or the outlet of the great western traffic that seeks 
 the seaboard for foreign distribution over the first, and possibly 
 the greatest, trunk-line in existence, or should name it the U. S. 
 Armory, estal)lished long years ago, by the illustrious citizen 
 '' who was iirst in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of 
 his countrymen," or by the more recent but no less significant 
 event, John Brown's raid — each and all would point with unerr- 
 ing finger to Haii)er's Ferry. 
 
 People of other lands who are found ignorant of important 
 'American cities, know of Harper's Ferry, and, thus, its fame is 
 world-wide. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson has said, in his notes on Virginia, ^'This 
 scene is Avorth a voyage across the Atlantic," and a chorus of 
 aniens have followed in its confirmation. The mountains, con- 
 sisting of Maryland, Loudoun and Bolivar heights, are known as 
 Hai'per's Ferry, and stand 1700 feet above sea level, and 600 
 feet above the surrounding country, with an abiding river air, 
 which makes it an admirable summer resort. 
 
 It is beautiful in all its as])ects. The i-ays of the morning suu 
 bursting upon its dew-dipiK'd mountains and valleys; its even- 
 ing rays falling upon and lighting, with gold, its mountain 
 l)eaks and cloud- flecked heavens, and under the silver-sheen of 
 the more mellow moonlight, the scene is placed beyond the i)en 
 to describe. 
 
 The Fall l)rings the varied coloi-s of the autumnal foliage 
 which possesses a richer lustre under the more slantern and 
 golden sun, and which, m ith the silvery surface and music of the 
 rivers, make enchantment complete. 
 
 Bolivar Heights is an inspiration. 
 
 A lofty wooded summit, extending from the Potomac to Shen- 
 andoah river and facing the great mountain gap at Harper's 
 Ferry, it commands a full sweep of the Blue Kidge Irom Mary- 
 
6 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 land and Pennsylvania on tlie loft to Luray, Va., on the right. 
 Westward, across the Shenandoah Yallcy, is seen the North 
 Mountains, stretching from Pennsylvania, ninety miles to the 
 West of Woodstock, Ya. Between these two great mountain 
 chains, to the northward, are the superb views of the Potomac, 
 and beyond lie the battle-scared foothills of the Blue Ridge, ex- 
 tending eastward from Antietam. The cultivated field and im- 
 proved farms that lie in the valley and upon the tablelands 
 diversify the landscape with good etiect. Besides, it contains 
 ruined ramparts of the late civil war, and marks the surrendei 
 and death of Col. Miles. 
 
 Camp Hill lies on a subdued bluff, east of Bolivar Heights, 
 and Harper's Ferry, proper, at its feet, upon a tongue of land 
 that gradually slopes into the river. History and world-wide 
 science keep perpetual school here. 
 
 The canal boat threads its slow and weary way beneath the 
 shadow of the winding mountains of the Maryland side, while 
 opposite the fast express train hugs the foot of the heights and 
 shoots in and out upon its serpentine track, like a darting spar- 
 row. 
 
 The clouds of smoke belching from engines struggling 
 with heavy freight trains through the tunnel and up an as- 
 cending grade, along with the dam of the pulp mill, where 
 fishing and rowing are indulged in and sometimes a steam 
 yacht plys, add variety and interest still further to the scenery 
 of the place. 
 
 ST. PETER'S CATHOLIC CHURCH. 
 
 IVritten by a Visitor. 
 
 '' On a cliff of a hill at the Ferry 
 
 At a point where two rivers meet, 
 Stands St. Peter's, so stately and airy, 
 
 The towui nestling down at its feet. 
 
 Before it, in rapturous beauty, 
 
 Rise mountains with peaks in the sky. 
 
 While behind it, as soldier on duty, 
 Old ''Jefferson's Rock" greets the eye. 
 
 Was there ever a scene more uplifting? 
 
 Was there ever a vision more fair 
 Than this fane in an era of drifting, 
 
 Encircled by mounts in the air." 
 
POINTS OF INTEREST IN HARPER'S FERRY. 
 
 ST. PETER'S CATHOLIC CHURCH. 
 6^* c^* e^* 
 
 Visitors^ Opinion of Harper^s Ferry. 
 
 special Cor. Columbian. 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 27, 1897. 
 
 Having a day's holiday, I utilized it by paying a visit to Har- 
 per's Ferry, whicli I had never seen in daylight. The geography 
 I studied, in my youth, credited Thomas Jetl'erson with stating 
 tluit this locality is one of the most stupendous scenes in nature, 
 and I have always had a desire to gaze upon it. There are 
 mighty changes, througli man's handiwork, since Jefferson's 
 time, but these, if anything, add to the majesty or rather to the 
 diversified picturesqueness of the spectacle. By the B. &. O. 
 fast trains the trip is delightful as well as rapid. There is a 
 
 h 
 
8 SOUVENIR AM) (aiDK I5()()K. 
 
 constant t'lianj^v of aspect, from the cai- window. Tlic sul»url>s 
 of Washington have biH'n splendidly improved and the oliaiin- 
 ing scenery of villa sites and new handets extend lor miles. 
 An hour's run brings us to the upper Potomac and the canal 
 along its banks, which winds from fJeoi'getown to Cund)erland. 
 Slow as is the boat transit, much bulky merchandise, chietiy 
 coal, is transported. I suppose that s\\ ift ti'ains do not annoy 
 the boatmn, because, like the traditional skiinied eel, '"they be 
 used to it." 
 
 THE GEAND, BEAUTIFUL AND HISTOKIC. 
 
 At a place called Buchanan, the B. & O. concentiatcs many 
 locomotives and cai'S along a wilderness of tracks, and one can 
 see, at a glance, how ti'eniendous is the equipment of the system. 
 Here, too, the mountains rise giganticall3\ Penetrating a 
 tunnel, the splendid and subliniely beautiful location of Harpers 
 Ferry bursts upon the vision. Here the Potomac cleaves through 
 the Blue Eidge, eager to embrace the Shenandoah, which rushes 
 to the contact from its West Virginia barricade. The town of 
 Harper's Feiry is situated on a tongue of land formed by the 
 two rivers. It is a rocky height, with the towering cliffs of 
 Maryland and Virginia on either side. Across the rivers are 
 numerous spans of iron bridges for railway passage and vehicles 
 of the farmer. Here the B. & O. branches toward the Virginia 
 Valley wliei'e Lee and Jackson sleep in death. Just at the apex 
 of the bridges is a small granite monument indicating the site of 
 John Brown's fort. 
 
 * * * 
 
 ON THE HEIC;HTS. 
 
 I climbed the steep acclivities of High street and reached the 
 top of Bolivar Heights, where there is a hotel. Along the street 
 were many pretty dwellings and excellent gardens. Emerging 
 from the avenue I strolled to a vacant lot and sat upon a stone 
 to leisurely observe the panorama. Far below, the Potomac 
 surged over innumerable ledges, foaming through rocks and 
 fretting against a small island. The mighty mountain rampait 
 of Maryland rose beyond, while at its base the canal threaded a 
 sluggish way. Just above, a dam impounded the watei's for a 
 pulp mill. On the near side, the steel tracks of the B. ..^ (). 
 were visible, and many trains thundered by shriekingly. When 
 I had seen enough, for the time, I descended the Heights by 
 
POINTS OF INTHKKST I\ HAKI'F.HS FKKHV. 
 
 9 
 
 aiiotlior i'<)ut<'. and near llic l)ase, but still on an elevated ])latean, 
 overlookinii the iiiiiij;lin,u nf the watci's. I eaiiicto tlic I'csidcnec 
 of the Catholic pastoi'. Father Kelly. 'I'o reach hisddor, I had 
 to cross a brid'i;e. Very rej^ivt fully I heard that he was ahseiit. 
 Just above the i-ectoi-y is a venei-able, dilai)idated and descited 
 Episcopal ehui'ch, where Catholics weie holdinu; a festival. On 
 a line with the pi'iest's house, a handsome granite chuicli is in 
 course of erection for oni' l)retliren. It is dedicated to .St. Petei-, 
 and pious folks must clind) steep steps, liewn in the rock, to 
 reach it. Luckily they ai'e accustomed to such pedt'strianism. 
 The (\itliolic congi-egation is the largCvSt numerically and I heaid 
 tliat it Mas about to be increased by converts who dwell on the 
 Loudoun I leiii'hts of Virginia. 
 
 Souvenir of the Summer of J 896* 
 
 A MOUNTAIN SPIRIT? IN CLOUD LAND. 
 
 On the mountain si(h\ alone with sweet memory of happy 
 ln>urs that ar(^ past, the (h'clining day biings the witching hour 
 
 of twilight. Through lace- 
 like clouds, spun by unseen 
 angel liands, we see this 
 spirit cai'i-ying a "mes- 
 sage" of love to loved ones 
 that are absent. 
 
 A man of gentle birth 
 with simple taste and habit, 
 leaves his ancestral home 
 in rock-i'ibbed Xew Eng- 
 land and follows the hom- 
 ing birds of song to the 
 sunny land of the South, 
 and there finds a mate. 
 The ''honey-moon'''' lasts 
 the life of a beautiful loving 
 woman — then the angel of 
 death closes the i)0i-tal of 
 happiness to a stricken heart— an e\ei" jn-esent tragedy ! * H: * 
 The scene changes : more than twenty-five years have passed, 
 leaving the marks of time — but the heart of the man remains 
 young and feels the sensation of desire, hope, anticipation, in- 
 spiration and giatitnde. »*-^ince those days of sorrow, .stditude 
 
 CHIMNEY ROCK. 
 
POIVI^S OF INTEKKST IX HAKPEK'^S FEKKV. 11 
 
 •silone has olaiiiKMl his attention and [)iini('\al lorcst has been liis 
 AJma Mater. Nature lias been his teaehei-. Kustic roads o'er- 
 sliadowed by leaf and tree, with o]>en vistas of i)eaeetnl valley, 
 elond-tipped inoniitains, garland homes and windinj^ paths to 
 springs of limpid waters, become familial', and e;»mradBship of 
 congenial s])irits, and lvin<l an<l lo\ing attentions marke<l these 
 highways of human life, as milestones on the way to the home 
 •of the blest ! 
 
 This beantifnl Spii'it of retinemeiit and grace, around which 
 hovers the presence of the Dove of Peace — long ago the bright 
 harbinger of promise, comes like an inspiration into this old 
 man's life : and lie lives again ! and the tii-e of youth thrills his 
 heart with ne\v impulse, and the tragedy of his young days fade 
 away ; while he listens to the voice of this sentient being, 
 so excpiisite. sympathetic and beautiful is its harmony. 
 
 On the mountain top ! 
 
 The winding paths by boulder rock o'ergrown with moss and 
 fern, where once the raging water ran, this" Spirit, more mortal 
 than divine and more spirituelJe than mortal, passed in and out 
 before our eyes, a very San J^uouventura and beneficence ! 
 
 From an open vista a world of beauty and surpassing wonder 
 lies at our feet ! Mountains rear their hoary heads, flowing 
 rivers wind their silver sheen through "Pleasant Valleys," and 
 modest homes dot the landscape o'er — a picture of rural content- 
 ment and peace. A great thought thrills again an expectant 
 lieart. Some day ? on the breast of dear loving Mother-Xature, 
 will lie the precious body of those we love, while the spirit takes 
 its flight beyond the clonds we see, beyond the ether-blue, be- 
 yond the fading and fadeless stars of hope to the realms of 
 eternal rest ! 
 
 Something tells us we shall always know those we have met 
 and loved in this life. 
 
 But for the passing moment I still can say : 
 
 " Oh stay, thou art so fair." 
 
 J. W. Farrar. 
 
 CUPPED FROM harper's FERRY SENTINEL. 
 
 There is no finer scenery this side of the *' Kockies." It is of 
 surpassing beauty and grandeur — mountain upon mountain 
 range greet one from every point of the compass. The valleys 
 and table-lands are covered with cultivation, and picturesque 
 homes of a kindly and hospitable people. Winding roads take 
 one through primeval forests where every form of flora is pleas- 
 
12 
 
 SOUVENIR AM) (UIDK HOC^Iv. 
 
 ing to tlie eye of the artist, a clianii to the sense of the i-efiiied ; 
 Jill of which impress the lover of Xatnrc witli the wonders of her 
 kingdom. The far-famed Shenandoah Valley is in sight from 
 every hilltop, inonntain range and high table-land; cool 
 bi'eezes, wafted tVom pine forests and healing l)alsani that till the 
 ail" with ai'omatic i>erfnme. It is here more than anywhere that 
 Xatni-e meets yon with a welconje that is as generous as it is 
 kind, and where people are hos])itable withont effusiveness and 
 charitable without cant. 
 
 Maryland, Londonn and Bolivar Heights stand as great 
 sentinels to guard the open door of the historic Potomac aud 
 beautiful Shenandoah as they break away from tlieir euibrace 
 aud flow ouward toward the mighty oceau. 
 
 Upon these heights will stand, some day in the near future, 
 modern hotels, whose sumptuous appointments of flashing light, 
 sparkling fountains and intoxicating music, will attract the rich, 
 the educated, the artist. 
 
 sVa 
 
 the poet, the literati, and 
 the man of affairs. These 
 in turn will induce others 
 of like taste and envii-on- 
 uient to come here and 
 build cottages, and out of 
 those there will be found 
 brave and energetic spirits k-\' 
 M'ho take counsel of their 
 judgment and will turn this 
 vast waste of water to some 
 better use than carrying- 
 water to market in a sieve. 
 All sentiment aside. There 
 is no nnison why Mai-y- 
 land and Yii'ginia should 
 not be as populons as 
 France, Belgium or Ger- 
 many. We certainly are 
 as intelligent and far more 
 enterprising. In those for- 
 eign countries rivei's like 
 
 tlie Potomac and Shenandoah would have huudreds of mills 
 giving em])loyment to many po])nlous cities. The music of 
 whii-ling spindles, throbbing looms and vibrating machinery 
 ought now to be heai'd at JIarper's Feri-y, in place of the Dolce 
 
 GRAVES OF SOME OF BROWM'S FOLLOWERS, ON THE 
 SHENANDOAH RIVER AT HARPER'S FERRY. 
 
poI^'T^^ OF intkep:st IX harper's ferry, 
 
 13 
 
 far niente of the well-to-tlo mid tlie siesta of the indifferent. 
 Tliese mid-Southern States could <;et all the supplies that enter 
 llic home and are used upon the farm, and in the factory, right 
 at their very doors, by investing their eajjital in a gicat maiiu- 
 factniing plant at Harper's Ferry. 
 
 Authority is given for 
 the statement that army 
 officers are ready to make 
 investments here just as 
 soon as proper inducements 
 are guaranteed as to reason- 
 ableness of price. This is 
 a subject that should re- 
 ceive the attention of all 
 those who are interested in 
 the welfare of the two 
 towns of Harper's Ferry 
 and Bolivar. 
 
 It is when prominent 
 men of means are induced 
 to invest and settle here 
 that one may expect a rise 
 in values, and it is through 
 their presence and interest that others are temj)ted to come. It 
 is population that makes land valuable. 
 
 In this high altitude the dawn and twilight, with great 
 mountain ranges for a back -ground, suggest to the artist an in- 
 spiration for his brush, the poet a theme for his fancy, the lover 
 an opportunity, while the care-worn and weary find here the 
 rest and solace thej' so greatly desire. Here will be found pure 
 water, exhilarating air and the silence of nature that follows you 
 through the wakeful hours of the day, when twilight comes with 
 sunset gloi-ies so transcendently beautiful that one's thoughts 
 are insensibly carried beyond the fadeless stars to the mysteries 
 of the unknown ! The dawn ; well, yes, one does have to get up 
 early to witness the changing hue of sky and mountain top ; but 
 one is repaid, for it is then that the song birds fly away from 
 their nigiit-nests to meet their mates, singing as they go, making 
 the air resonant with songs of their love-making. As the sun's 
 rays penetrate vale and glen they are transformed into bowers 
 where Xature makes her toilet and due-drops hang pendant like 
 diamonds, pearls and sapphii'cs ! This whole country is histoi'ic 
 with legends of battle, romance, folk-lore, song and story. All 
 
 JOHN BROWN'S FORT. 
 
14 
 
 SOUVENi:^ AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 this wealth of dense forest, running streams of water from cool 
 mountain springs, towering heights, cloucl-caped and luminous 
 with golden sun and glow of softer sheen fi-om silver moon, is at 
 the very doors of the capital of a mighty empire ! whose destiny 
 will yet control the mind, fashion, ethics, invention and phil- 
 osophy of the world ! 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 SCOTTISH CASTLE, ON BOLIVAR HEIGHTS, 
 SUMMER RESIDENCE OF JUDGE VANE. 
 
JOHN brown's raid. 17 
 
 dt John Brown's Raid* ^ 
 
 The most interesting liistoiical feature of Harper's Ferry is 
 John Brown's Eaid. Its fame is as intimately and inseparably 
 linked with the town as that of its beautiful scenery. 
 
 Brown and his men (Kansas Eegulars, in part, ) came here 
 from bloody Kansas, where they had been oiieratino- to free the 
 slaves, by making that state free in the sisterhood of states. 
 
 The President had put a reward of $3000 upon the old man, 
 besides he possessed a number of aJiasrs, by which he eluded the 
 law in his work of freedom, and the soubriquet of ''Hero of 
 Ossawatomie," he won in a battle by that name. The following 
 is a description of the famous engagement : " With his force of 
 thirty men. Brown fought the enemy from ambush. One of 
 Brown's party was killed and three wounded. The enemy lost 
 thirty-one killed, with from fifty to sixty wounded. The 
 Missoui'ians fled, after setting fire to the houses of Brown's sons. 
 After the battle, the old man and his companions stood upon a 
 hill overlooking Ossawatomie, and watched the destruction of 
 their homes by fire. Brown stood with folded arms, looking at the 
 smoke of the burning buildings as they were fired, one by one, 
 by the Missourians, and turning to his son, Jason, he said : 
 
 'God sees it ! There will be no more real peace in this coun- 
 try until the slavery question is settled. I have no feelings of 
 revenge towards the people of the South. I have but a little 
 while to live, and but one death to die. I will die fighting- 
 slavery.' " 
 
 This result verifies the truth of John Brown's assertion, that 
 one man fighting for tVeedom was worth five paid soldiers on the 
 other side. The Missourians had 400 or more men. 
 
 A pj'o-slavery ]ueacher, named Martin "White, had, on the 
 l^revious day, shot and killed his son, Fred. K. Brown, on the 
 public highway, and after the boy was lying dead in the road- 
 way fired a pistol shot into the open mouth of the l)od3'. White 
 was afterwaids elected to the Ten-itorial I^'gislature, and gave a 
 laughable account of the killing in the Assembly. At the close 
 of the session. White's corpse was found cold and stiff on the 
 l^rairie, on the road leading to his home. 
 
18 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 The following is a cliaracteristic speech made by John Browu, 
 from a store box on the main street of Lawrence, Kansas, upon 
 the expected attack of 1000 Missonrians npon the town : 
 
 "Gentlemen, it is said that there are twenty-five hundred 
 Missonrians down at Franklin, and that they will be here in two 
 hours. You can see for yourselves the smoke they are making 
 by setting fii-e to the houses in that town. Now is proba.bly the 
 last opportunity you will have of seeing a fight ; so that you had 
 better do your best. If they should come up and attack us, 
 don' t yell and make a great noise, but remain perfectly silent 
 and still. Wait till they get within twenty-five yards of you ; 
 get a good object ; be sure you see the hind sight of your gun, 
 then fire. A great deal of powder and lead and very precious 
 time is wasted by shooting too high. You had better aim at 
 their legs than at their heads. In either case be sure of the hind 
 sights of your guns. It is from this reason that I myself have 
 so many tin>es escaped ; for, if all the bullets which have eyer been 
 .aimed at me had hit me, I would have been as full of holes as a 
 riddle." 
 
 Brown's share in this bloody campaign was a burnt home, 
 dead son, another almost a raving maniac by ill-treatment when 
 a prisoner, a third son and son-in-law wounded from gun shots 
 from Missonrians, and himself reduced in health. This was in 
 the latter part of 1856, and in the Summer of 1859, two years and 
 a half later, he and his confeds, as I remarked previously, 
 turned up at Harper's Ferry. The following is a terse and 
 graphic description given in the ''Annals of Harper's Ferry," 
 written by one of its citizens, Joseph Berry, who was an eye 
 witness of the event from start to finish, i. e., close of the war : 
 
 During the summer of 1859, a party of strange men made 
 their appearance at Sandy Hook, a small village in Washington 
 county, Maryland, in the immediate vicinity of Harper's Ferry. 
 With them, was an old man of venerable appearance and austere 
 demeanor who called himself Smith. They represented them- 
 selves as prospecting for minerals and they took frequent and 
 long rambles, with this ostensible jjurpose, over the Various 
 peaks of the Blue Ridge Mountains. They, at first, boarded at 
 the house of Mr. Ormand Butler, where their conduct was unex- 
 ceptionable. They jjaid in gold for whatever they purchased, 
 and, as their manners were courteous to all, they were, on the 
 whole, very popular. After a few weeks' stay at Sandy Hook 
 they removed to what is called "The Kennedy Farm," about 
 five niiles from Harper's Ferry, on the Maryland side of the Po- 
 
JOHN bkown'k kaid. 19 
 
 tomac, where tliej' establislied their hetidquarters. While at 
 ''The Keiniedy Farm," Smith and his party, of whom three 
 were his sons, made themselves very agreeable to their 
 neighbors and tliej' were as popular there as they had been at 
 Sandy Hook. The father was regarded as a man of stern moral- 
 ity, devoted to church exercises, and the sons, with the others of 
 the party, as good-natured, amiable young men. Thus, things 
 continued, 'til the night of Sunday, October ICth, 1859. On 
 that night, a little after 10 o'clock, Mr. William Williams, one 
 of the Avatchmen on the railroad bridge, was surprised to find 
 himself taken prisoner by an armed party, consisting of about 
 twenty men, who suddenly made their appearance from the 
 Maryland side of the river. Most of the party then proceeded 
 to the Armory enclosure, taking with them their pi-isoner 
 and leaving two men to guard the bridge. They next captured 
 Daniel Whelan, one of the watchmen at the Armory, who was 
 jiosted at the front gate, and they took possession of that estab- 
 tablishment. The party then divided themselves into two 
 bodies, one remaining in the Armory and the other proceeding 
 to the Eifle Factoiy, half a mile up the Shenandoah, where they 
 captured Mr. Samuel Williams, (father of William Williams, 
 before mentioned, ) an old and highly respected man, who was in 
 charge of the buildings as night watchman. He was conducted 
 to the Armory, where the other prisoners were confined, and a 
 detachment of the strangers vras left to supply his place. 
 About 12 o'clock Mr. Patrick Higgins, of Sandy Hook, ari-ived 
 on the bridge, for the puri)0se of relieving Mr. William Will- 
 iams. They were both in the employ of the Baltimore and 
 Ohio Eailroad Company as watchmen and each was to serve 
 twelve hours of the twenty-four, on duty. Higgins found all in 
 darkness and, suspecting that something had gone wrong Mith 
 AN'illiams, he called loudly for him. To his astonishment he 
 was ordered to halt and two men presented guns at his breast, at 
 the same time telling him he was their prisoner. One of them 
 undeitook to conduct him to the Armory but, on arriving near 
 the Virginia end of the bridge, the hot-blooded Celt struck his 
 captor a stunning blow with his fist and, before the stranger 
 could recover from its effects, Higgins had succeeded in escaping 
 to Fouke' s Hotel, where he eluded all pn rsuit. Several shots were 
 fired after him without effect, and he atti-ibutes his safety to the 
 fact that his pui'sueis stumbled in the darkness, over some cross- 
 pieces in the bridge. 
 
 About this time a party of the invaders went to the 
 
20 
 
 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 houses of Messrs. Washington and Allstadt, living a few miles 
 from Harper's Ferry and took them and some of their slaves 
 prisoners, conducting them to the general rendezvous for their 
 captives — the Armoi-y enclosure. From the house of the former, 
 
 they took some i-elics of the 
 great Washington and the 
 Revolution, which the propi'ie- 
 tor, of coui'se, very highly 
 prized. Among them was 
 a sword, said to be the same 
 that was sent to General 
 Washington by Frederick 
 The Great, King of Prussia — 
 a present, (as a legend in- 
 scribed on it said, ) from the 
 oldest General of the time to 
 the best. All through the 
 night, great excitement ex- 
 isted among such of the citi- 
 zens as became cognizant of 
 these facts. About 1 o'clock 
 the Eastward bound Express 
 Train, on the Baltimore and 
 Ohio Eailroad, arrived, in charge of Conductor Phelps. The 
 train was detained by order of the leader of the band and the 
 telegraph wires were cut. The object of these orders was, 
 of course, to prevent news of these j^roceedings being spread. 
 The train was, however, allowed to i^roceed after a considerable 
 delay. While the train was at Harper's Ferry, great excite- 
 ment naturally existed among the passengers, who could not 
 understand these movements. Several shots wei-e exchanged 
 between the attacking force and a Mr. Throckmoi-ton, clerk at 
 Fouke's Hotel, and some other parties unknown, but no person 
 was injured. Some time, in the course of the night, Hep wood 
 Shepherd, a colored porter at the Railroad office, walked to 
 the bridge, impelled, no doubt, by curiosity to understand the 
 enigma. He was ordered to halt by the guards at the bridge, 
 and, being seized with a panic and running back, was shot 
 through the bodj-. He succeeded in reaching the Railroad office 
 where he died next day at 3 o'clock, in great agony. 
 
 A little before daylight, some early risers were surprised to 
 find themselves taken prisoners, as soon as they appeared on the 
 streets, and marched to the Armory. Among them, was James 
 
 THOS. ALLSTADT , 
 
 BROWN'S SURVIVING HOSTAGE. 
 
JOHN' brown's raid, 21 
 
 Darrel, ajiod ab;)ut sixty yeai-s, the bell riii,2:('r at the Arnioi-y, 
 whose duties, of course, compelled iiiiii to be first of the Armory 
 hands at his post. It being yet dark, he carried a lantern. 
 When neai- the gate, he was halted l)y an armed negro, one of 
 the invading party, and Darrell, not dreaming of what was 
 transpii-ing, and mistaking his assailant for one of Mr. Fouke's 
 negroes on a "bender," strnek him with his lantern and con- 
 signed his " black s(»nl " to a climate of much higher temperature 
 than that of Virginia. The negro presented a Sharp's Rifle at 
 Darrell and, no doubt, the situation of Bell-Kinger at Harper's 
 Ferry Armory would very soon liave been vacant, had not a 
 white man of the party who appeai-ed to relisli very highly the 
 joke of the mistake, caught the gun and pi-evented the negro 
 from carrying out his intention. Another white man of the 
 pai-ty. however, came up and struck Dari-ell on the side with 
 the butt end of his gun, injuring him severely. Darrell was 
 then dragged before "the Captain," who, pitying his age and 
 his bodily sufferings, dismissed him on a sort of parole. Mr. 
 Walter Kemp, an aged, infirm man, bartender at Mr. Fouke's 
 Hotel, was, about this time, taken a prisoner and consigned to 
 limbo with the others. 
 
 It was now day-light and the Armorers proceeded, singly and 
 in parties of two and three, from their various houses, to work 
 at the shops. They were gobbled up in detail and marched to 
 prison, lost in astonishment at these strange proceedings and 
 many, perhaps, doubting if they were not yet asleep and 
 dreaming. Several of the officers of the Armory were captured, 
 but the Superintendent not being in town at the time, the in- 
 vaders missed what, no doubt, would have been, to them, a much 
 desired prize. About this time, Mr. George W. Cutshaw, an 
 old and estimable citi/en, proceeded from his house, on High 
 street, towards the bridge in company with a lady who was on 
 her way to Washington City and whom Mr. Cutshaw was escort- 
 ing across the bridge, to the place where the Canal Packet Boat 
 on which the lady intended to travel, was moored. He passed 
 along nnmoh'stt'd until he disposed of the lady, but on his 
 return, he encountered on the bridge several armed apparitions, 
 and was, therefore, immediately marched off to the Armory, 
 among the other prisoners. 
 
 A little before 7 o'clock, Mr. Alexander Kelly approached 
 the corner of High and Shenandoah streets, armed with a shot- 
 gun, for the purpose of having a shot at the invaders. Xo 
 sooner did he turn the corner, than two shots were fired at him, 
 
22 JOHN BECAVN'S KAID. 
 
 and a bullet was sent through his hat. Iinmediately aftei'wards, 
 ]Mr. Thomas Boerly approached the corner, with the same i)urpose. 
 He was a man of Herculean strength and great personal courage. 
 He discharged his gun at some of the enemy who were standing 
 at the Arsenal gate, when a shot was tired at him, bN' one of the 
 party who was crouching behind the fence. The bullet pene- 
 trated his gi'oin, inflicting a ghastly wound of which he died in 
 a few hours. 
 
 It was, now, breakfast time and ^'the Captain" sent an order 
 to Fouke's Hotel, for refreshments for his men. It is not known 
 what the state of his exchequer was, but he did not pay for the 
 breakfasts in any usual species of curiency. He released 
 Walter — familiarly called Watty — Kemp, the bar-tender and he 
 announced this as the equivalent he was willing to j)ay. It is to 
 be feared that Mr. Fouke did not duly appreciate the advantages 
 he gained by this profitable bargain and it may be that " Uncle 
 Watty," himself, did not feel much flattered at the estimate put 
 on him, in the terms of the ransom, and his being deemed an 
 equivalent for twenty breakfasts. Be this as it may, the bar- 
 gain was struck and the grub pi-ovided. "The Captain" in- 
 vited his prisoners to partafce of the refreshments, but only a 
 few accepted the invitation, for fear of the food being drugged. 
 
 Up to this time no person in the town, except the prisoners, 
 coiild tell who the party were. To them, as was afterwards as- 
 certained, the pai'ty confessed their purpose of liberating the 
 slaves of Virginia, and freedom was oflered to any captive mIio 
 would furnish a negro man as a recruit for " the army of the 
 Lord." As, however, there was little or no communication al- 
 lowed between the prisoners and their friends outside, the people 
 generally were yet ignorant of the names, number and purposes 
 of the strangers and, as may well be imagined. Madam Enmor 
 had plenty of employment for her hundred tongues. Soon, how- 
 ever, they were recognized by some as the mineral explorei'S and 
 suspicion at once rested on a man named John E. Cook, who 
 had been sojourning at Harjser's Ferry for some years, in the 
 various caj)acities of school- master, book-peddler and lock-keeper 
 on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and who had married into a 
 respectable family at that place. He had been seen associating 
 with the Smith party and as he had often been heard to boast of 
 his exploits in "the Kansas war," on the Free-Soil side, it was 
 instinctively guessed that he and the Smiths were connected in 
 some x)roject for freeing the slaves, and this opinion was con- 
 firmed by the fact of there being armed negroes in the party. 
 
JOHN brown's raid. 23 
 
 Shortly after, a now liijht broke on the people and it M'as as- 
 certained that " The Captain " Mas no other than the redoubt- 
 able .lolin iJioAvn, of Kansas notoriety, mIio had earned the title 
 of "Ossawattoniie IJrown," from li is exploits in the portion of 
 Kansas, along the l)anks of the Ossawattoniie i-iver. The infor- 
 mation eanie from one of the i)risoners (Mr. Mills) who was al- 
 lowed to eommunicate with his family. 
 
 At a re<i'idar hour for eommenciug work in the morning. Mr. 
 Daniel J. Young, Master Machinist at the Kitle Factory, ap- 
 jjroached the gate to those shops, expecting to find Mr. Samuel 
 M'illiams at his post, and little anticipating to find the place in 
 possession of an enemy. He was met at the gate by a fierce 
 looking man, fully armed, who ivfnsed him admittance, claiming 
 that he and his companions (four or live of whom appeared at 
 the watch-house door, on hearing the conversation, ) had gotten 
 possession by authority from the Great Jehovah. Mr. Young, 
 being naturally astonished at hearing this, asked what the 
 object of the strangers was, and was informed that they had 
 come to give tVeedom to the slaves of Virginia : that the friends 
 of liberty had tried evei-y constitutional and peaceable means to 
 accomplish this end and had sigiially failed, but that now, the 
 great evil of slavery must be eradicated at any risk, and that 
 tliere were means enough ready to accomplish this purpose. 
 ]\Ir. Young renmi-ked, in reply : ''If you derive your authority 
 from the Almighty, 1 must yield, as J derive my right to enter 
 from an earthly power — the United States Government. I warn 
 you, however, that before this day's sun sets, j^ou and your com- 
 panions will be corpses. Mr. Young then went back to stoj) 
 the mechanics and laborers who were on their way to go to work, 
 and wain them of their danger. It api^eared to be no part of 
 the policy of the strangei's to k(;ep prisoners at the Rifle Works, 
 as no attempt was made to arrest Mr. Young. 
 
 About 9 o'clock the people had recovered from their amaze- 
 ment and furnished themselves with arms. This was no easy 
 nnittei", as the Arsenal and nearly all the store-houses were in 
 possession of the enemy. It was recollected, however, that 
 some time before, a lot of guns had been removed from the place 
 where they were usually stored, in order to protect them from 
 the river, which at the time had over-flowed its banks and en- 
 croached on the Armoiy. Enough waspi'ocured from this lot to 
 (Mjuip a few small companies of citizens and a desultory engage- 
 ment commenced around the Armory building and the adjacent 
 streets, which continued all day. A company under Captain 
 
24 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 Medler, crossed the Slienandoali on tlie bridge and took post on 
 the London n side of tlie river, opposite the Kifle Factoi-y. 
 Anotlier coiii])aiiy, nnder Captain Roderick, took position on the 
 Baltimore and Oliio Kailroad, North-west of the Ai-morv, and a 
 tliird body, nnder Captain Moore, crossed tlie Potomac abont a 
 mile above Harper's Feri-y, and marched down on the ]Mai\vland 
 side to take possession of the I'ailroad biidge. Brown's i)arty 
 were thus hemmed in and all the citizens who Mere not eni'olled 
 in these companies, engaged the invaders wherever they conld 
 meet them. The Rifle Factory was attacked and the party there 
 were soon driven into the Shenandoah, where they were met by 
 the fire of Captain Medler's company, who had crossed that river 
 on the bridge, and between the two fires, they all perished except 
 one, a negio named Copeland, who was taken pi-isoner. 
 
 At the Armory, however, where Brown commanded in person, 
 a more determined resistance was made. Brown had told sev- 
 eral of his prisoners in the conrse of the morning that he ex- 
 13ected large re-inforcements, and when, abont 12 o'clock, the 
 company under Captain Moore, that had crossed into Maryland, 
 was seen marching down the river, great excitement i)i'evailed, 
 it being supposed by the prisoners and such of the other citizens 
 as were not aware of Captain Moore's movement and pei'haps, 
 by Brown's party, that these were the expected re-inforcements. 
 It was soon ascertained, however, who they were and Bi'own, 
 now plainly seeing that the fortunes of the day were against him, 
 sent two of his prisoners, Airhibald M. Kitzmiller and Resin 
 Cross, under guard of two of his men, to negotiate in his name 
 with Captain Moore for permission to vacate the place with his 
 surviving men, without molestation. The two ambassadors pro- 
 ceeded with theii- guards towards the bridge, but, as they came 
 near the '^Gault House," several shots were fired from that 
 building by which the two raiders were very severely wounded 
 and put ]iors-de-comhat. One of them conti-ived to make his way 
 back to the Armory, but the other was unable to move, and 
 Messi-s. Kitzmiller and Ci-oss helped him into Fouke's Hotel, 
 where his wounds were dressed. It may well be imagined that 
 neither of the envoys retni-ned to captivity, lirown, finding 
 that his doves did not comeback with the olive branch, and now 
 despairing of success, called in from the streets the survivors of 
 his party, and picking out nine of the most prominent of his 
 prisoners, as hostagvs, he retreated with his men, into a small 
 brick building neai- the xlrmory gate called the " Engine House," 
 taking with him his nine prisoners. A company arrived, about 
 
JOHX TJRrAVX's RAID. .25 
 
 tins tiiiio. fi'oin ^Ifartiiislmi-j;, wlio, with soiiio citizons of Hai'iuM-s 
 Fei'i'V and tliesurrouiuliii^' connfry, made a nisli on the Ai'inorj' 
 and released the great mass of the prisoners, not, however, with- 
 out suffci'in^ some loss in wounded, caused hy a <i,allin<;' fire kept 
 up by tiie enemy from tlie Eny,ine House. Brown's men had 
 pierced the walls for musketry, and, thioujili tlu' lioles, kept up 
 a bi'isk fire by which tliey not only wounded the IMartinsburg 
 men and Haiper's Fevrians but some Charles Tomii men 
 also who liad ariived a shoi't time before. The sufferei'S 
 wei-e Messis. Mui'pliy, liiehardson, Hammond, Dorsey. Hooper 
 and Wollett, of Martinsbuig ; Mr. Younji', of CMuirles Town, 
 and Mr. MeCabe, of Harper's Ferrj. Mr. Dorsey was very 
 dannei'ously, and sevei-al of the others severely, injured. None 
 of them, however, died from the wounds. 
 
 Before Brown's men I'etreated off the streets into the Engine 
 House, two of them approached the coi-ner of Higli and Shenan- 
 doah streets, where Mr. Boerly had been shot in the morning. 
 It was then about 2 o'clock, and ]\[r. George Turner, a very 
 respectable gentleman of Jeffei'son county, who had come to town 
 on private business , was standing at the dooi- of Captain Moore's 
 house, on High street, about one hundred yards from the corner. 
 He had just armed himself with a musket and was in the act of 
 resting it on a board ]>artition near the door, totakeaimat one 
 of these men, when a l)ullct tVom the rifle of one of them struck 
 him on the shoidder, the only part of him exposed. The liall, 
 after taking an eccentric course entered his neck and killed him 
 almost instantly. A physician who examined him describes the 
 wound as having been of the most singulai- kind, the bullet hav- 
 ing taking a course altogether at variance with the laws sup- 
 posed to regulate such projectiles. It is thought by many that 
 the shot was not aimed at Mr. Turner, and that the man who 
 fired it was not aware of that gentleman's being near. There 
 were two men, named McClenuen and Stedman, standing in the 
 middle of tlie street, o])posite Captain Moore's house. Tlieyhad 
 guns in their hamls and at one of them, it is supposed, was 
 aimed the shot that proved fatal to Mr. Turner. 
 
 After they were all housed up in theii- fortress, they killed 
 another very valuable citizen. Fountain Beckham, E.sq., for many 
 years Agent of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad company at 
 Harper's Ferry, and long a magistrate of Jefferson county. 
 Being a man of nei'vous temperament, he was, naturally, much 
 excited by the occunences of the day. Moreover, Hey wood 
 Shepherd, the negro shot on the bridge, the previous night. 
 
jonx tjrownV liAiD. 27 
 
 luul been liis laitlil'iil servant and lie Mas umeli '••i'ie\e(l and verj' 
 indignant at his death. He crept along- tlio Eailroad, under 
 :shelter of a water station wiiich, then, stood there and peeped 
 'i-onnd the eorner of llie bnihling at the Engine House opposite, 
 when a InilkM from one of Brown's men penetrated his lieart and 
 lie died instantly. A man namtd Thonipson. said to he Brown's 
 son-in-law. had been taken prisoner a short time before, l)y the 
 •citizens and eonfiiied in Fonke's Hotel, nnder guai'd. It was 
 the intention of the [)e )[»le to hand him over to the regular au- 
 t]n)rities for ti'ial. bnt the death of Mr. lieekham so exaspei'ated 
 them that the -whole current of their feelings Mas changed. They 
 i-ushed into the hotel, seized Thompson and were dragging him 
 out of the house to put him to death, when Miss C'hi-istina Fouke, 
 a sister of the proprietor, with true feminine instinct, rushed 
 into the crowd and bestn'ched the infuriattHl multitude to spai"e 
 the prisoner's life. This luM-oic act has elicited the warmest 
 ■commendations of every paity, and it may be said to be the 
 one bright spot in the history of that unfortunate day. Miss 
 Fonke's entreaties were, however, unheeded and Thompson -svas 
 hnri'ied to the bridge where he was riddled with bullets. He, 
 however, tried to escape by letting himself drop through the bridge 
 into the river. He had been left for dead, but it appears he had 
 vitality enough left to accomplish this feat. He was discovered 
 and a shower of bullets was discharged at him. He was either 
 killed or drowned, as he could be seen for a day or two after, 
 lying at the bottom of the river, with his ghastly face still ex- 
 hibiting his fearful death agony. 
 
 Another of the raiders named Lehman, attemj^ted to escape 
 from the upper end of the Armorj- yard, by swimming or wading 
 the Potomac. He had been seen shoi-tly before, conducting one 
 of the Armory watchmen named Edward Murphy, towards the 
 Engine House. He kept the latter between him and an armed 
 l)arty of citizens who were stationed on a hill neai" the Armory 
 works. More than a dozen guns were raised to shoot him by 
 the excited crowd, and no doubt both he and Murphy would 
 have been then killed, had not Mr. Zadoc TJutt inducted thejiarty 
 not to lire, in consideiation of the danger to ]Mu)-phy. Lehman 
 immediately afterwards, disappeared for a while, bnt soon he 
 was seen endeavoring to escape as above mentioned. A volley 
 was tired after him and he must have been wounded, as he lay 
 down and threw u}) his arms as if suri'endering. A resident of 
 Hari)er\s Ferry waded into the river to a rock where Lehman 
 lay, apparently badly wounded, and deliberately shot him 
 
28 SOUVENIR AXD GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 through the head, killing him instantly. His body, also, lay for 
 some time whei'e he fell. 
 
 A little before dark, Brown asked if any of the prisoners 
 would volniiteerto go out among the citizens, and induce them 
 to cease tiring on the Engine House, as they were endangering 
 the lives of their friends who were his prisoners. He promised, 
 on his part, that if there was no firing on his men, there should 
 be none by them. Mr. Israel Russell undertook the dangerous 
 duty (the danger arose from the excited state of the people who 
 would be likely to fire on any thing seen stirring around the 
 Engine House, ) and the citizens were persuaded to stop firing, 
 in consideration of the risk they incurred of iniiiring the pris- 
 oners. Like Messrs. Kitzmillei" and Cross, Mr. Eussell, it may 
 well be supposed, did not return to captivity. It is certain that 
 the citizens would, in a very short time, have disposed of Brown 
 and his party, had not they been prevented all along fi'om 
 pushing the siege vigorously by a regard for the lives of their 
 fellow-citizens who were prisoners. As it wa.s, they had already 
 killed, wounded or dispersed more than three-fourths of the 
 party, and consequently the sneers that were afterwards thrown 
 out against their biavery were altogether uncalled for and used 
 by parties who, in the subsequent war, did not exhibit much of 
 the reckless courage which they expected from peaceful citizens, 
 taken by surprise, and totally at a loss for information as to the 
 numbers and resources of theii" enemies. 
 
 It was now dark and the wildest terror existed in the town, es- 
 pecially among the friends of the killed, wounded and prisoners. 
 It had rained some all day, and the atmosphere was I'aw and cold. 
 
 Xow a cloudy and moonless sky hung like a pall over the 
 scene of conflict, and on the whole, a more dismal night cannot 
 well be imagined. Guards were stationed 'round the Engine 
 House to prevent Brown's escape and, as forces were constantly 
 arriving from Winchester, Frederick, Baltimore and other 
 places, the town soon assumed quite a military appearance. 
 The United States authoiities in "Washington had, in the mean- 
 time, been notified, and in Ihe course of the night Colonel 
 Eobert E. Lee, afterwards the famous General of the Southern 
 Confederacy, arrived with a force of LTnited States Marines, to 
 protect the Government interests and capture or kill the invaders. 
 About 11 o'clock Brown again endeavored to open negotiations 
 for a safe conduct for himself and his men out of the i^lace. 
 Colonel Shriver and Captain Sinn, of the Frederick troops, had 
 a conference with him, which, however, did not result in anything 
 
JOHN BROWX'S RAID. 29 
 
 satisfactory. About 7 o'clock on Tuesday morning:, Colonel 
 Lee sent, under flag of truce, Lieutenant J. E. B. Stuart, of tlie 
 1st Cavalry T{e<;inient (afterwards so famous for his e\i)loits as a 
 Ciivalry (leneral in the Confederate service.) who had accom- 
 panied Colonel Lee from Washington, to summon the insurgents 
 to suiiender. Knowing the character of Blown, Colonel Lee did 
 not hoi)e for nuy success in trying to induce him to lay down his 
 ai-ms, and he SMit Lieutenant Stuart merely through solicitude 
 for tlie prisoners and a desire to try every expedient befoie 
 ordering an assault and subjecting thein to the danger of being 
 injured l)y mistake in the melee. As anticipated, Brown 
 stubbornly refused to surrender and, therefoi-e. about 8 o'clock 
 an assault was made by the marines, nnder Lieutenant Greene. 
 They at first tried to break open the door with sledge hammers 
 but failing, they picked up a ladder that lay near and with this 
 they succeeded in making a breach. Through a narrow opening 
 thus made Lieutenant Greene squeezed himself, but he found 
 that the insurgents had barricaded the door with a fire engine 
 and hose that were in the building. Over these Lieutenant 
 Greene scrambled, followed by his men. and attacked Brown, 
 who, with his party, was fortified behind the engine. After the 
 marines had effected a breach and commenced rushing in, the 
 insurgents fired Ofi them and one of the soldiers — Luke Quinn — 
 was mortally, and another named Rupert, slightly wounded. 
 The former was shot through the bod\', and the latter in the 
 mouth. Brown's inen were all bayoneted or captured, but for- 
 tunately none of the citizen prisoners received any i nj ury. Their 
 escape was indeed miraculous, as it was very difficult for the 
 marines to distinguish them from the insurgents. Brown him- 
 self was severely wounded by Lieutenant Greene and he was 
 taken to another building where his wounds were dressed. He 
 received a cut on the head and a sword thrust in the shoulder. 
 Two or three survivors of his men were kept in the Engine House 
 under guard. The bodies of the slain raiders Mere collected fiom 
 the streets and riAers,and bni-ied in one grave on the southern bank 
 of the Shenandoah, about half a mile above Harper's Ferry, 
 and the prisoners, (Brown included,) were lodged in Charles 
 Town jail. Some had, however, escaped, and Cook had not been 
 noticed at all in the fray since an early hour on ^londay morn- 
 ing, when he was seen to cross over the bridge into Maryland 
 with a few others, taking with him two horses and a wagon cap- 
 tured at Mr. Washington's i)lace the i)revious night, and two or 
 three slaves belonging to that gentleman. There was satisfac- 
 
30 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 tory evidence, however, of bis liaving been fully implicated, and 
 it was soon ascertained that he, Owen Brown — one of old John's 
 sons — and others had been detailed to operate on tlie Mary- 
 land sliore and that they had seized a schoolhouse, taken 
 the dominie, Mr. Carrie, prisoner and di-iven away the pupils 
 for the purpose of establishing at the schoolhouse a depot of 
 arms, convenient to Harper's Ferry. It was also ascertained 
 that they had all the day oftbelTth kept up a fire from the 
 Maryland Heights on the people of the town, and that late in the 
 evening Cook had gotten supper at the Canal Lock-House on the 
 Maryland side of the river. It was, moreover, supposed that 
 finding the fate of the day against them, they had lied towai'ds 
 Pennsylvania. A large body of men, under Captain Edmund 
 H. Chambers, an old citizen and a man of well known " pluck," 
 marched towaixls the schoolhouse and " the Kennedy Farm," 
 and at each place they found a large number of Sharp's rifles, 
 pistols, swords, &c., with a considei-able quantity of i^owder, 
 percussion caps and equipments of various kinds. A swivel 
 cannon, carrying a pound ball, was also discovered in a position 
 to command the town, although it is not known that it was used 
 during the engagement. A laige number of pikes of a peculiar 
 form and intended for the hands of the negroes, were also found. 
 The latter were expected to turn out at the first signal, and this 
 weapon was considered better suited for them than fire ai'ms, 
 especially at the commencement of the cami^aign. It should 
 have been remai'ked before, that Brown had put into the 
 hands of his negro prisoners some of these pikes, but up to the 
 time of the discovery of the magazine at ''the Kennedy Farm," 
 the object of this novel weapon was not fully understood. Cap- 
 tain Chambers' party also found a great number of i^apers which 
 tended to throw light on the conspiracy, and several hundred 
 printed copies of a form of Provisional Government to be set up 
 by Brown as soon as he got a footing in the South. 
 
 The constitution was adopted by a convention of colored peo- 
 ple at Chatham, Canada, West, May 8th, 1858, and was in sub- 
 stance as follows : 
 
 After providing for the necessary officers of a government, it 
 provided for trial and impeachment ; for obedience, sobriety, 
 industry and military service. 
 
 Crime of i-a^ie, like that of spying, was punished with death. 
 
 i*^on-slave holders were to be protected and slave holders were 
 held as hostages, unless they gave up their slaves ; valuables 
 found were to be levied upon as act of wai-, and be used as 
 
JOHN bkown's raid. 31 
 
 safety and intellii;oii('e might dii-ect, by order of the General. 
 
 Art. 4G, readasfullow.Sj in detail : ''The foregoing articles shall 
 not be so construed as in any way to encourage the overthrow 
 of any 8tate government, or of the general government of the 
 United States and looks to no dissolution of the Union, but sim- 
 ply to amendment and repeal, and our flag shall be the same our 
 fathers fought under in the Revolution." 
 
 The Governor of Virginia, Henry A. Wise, had in the mean- 
 time arrived. He immediately took every precaution to se- 
 cure his prisoners and the State against any attempt from the 
 many allies Brown was sujjposed to hav« in the North. To 
 Governor Wise he confessed the whole plan for liberating the 
 slaves, and, indeed, he had all along communicated his inten- 
 tions to his prisoners, but as we have before remarked, he kej)t 
 his captives as much as possible isolated, and, in consequence, 
 the people generally had but a vague idea of his purposes. It 
 is true that the party at the Rifle Factory had informed Mr. 
 Young of their object, but so many wild rumors had been started 
 before his interview with them, and there was so much confusion 
 generally that neither "head nor tail " could be found for the 
 strange occurrences of the day. Governor W^ise who, although 
 he exhibited a great deal of petulance on this occasion, is cer- 
 tainly a brave man himself, could not refrain frcm expressing 
 admiration for Brown's undaunted courage, and it is said that 
 he pronounced him honest, truthful and brave. 
 
 The interview between these two men, of somewhat similar 
 character, but of diametrically ojjposite views on politics, is 
 said to have been very impressive. It lasted two hours and 
 those who were present report that Brown exhibited a high order 
 of uncultivated intellect in his interview with the highlj'^ edu- 
 cated and i)olislied Governor of Virginia. It is also said that, 
 in the course of this conversation. Brown foretold the utter de- 
 struction of Harper's Ferrj', to take place in a very short time, 
 a prophecy which, if ever uttered, has met with a terrible and 
 literal fulfilment. This interview and the surroundings furnish 
 a fine theme for a picture. The stern old Puritan, with his 
 bleeding wounds and disordered dress, his long, grey beard 
 and wild, gleaming eyes, like some prophet of old, denouncing 
 the wrath of Heaven on a sinful generation, and the stately 
 Governor of Virginia, reminding one of some Cavalier of Xaseby 
 or Worcester — each firm and true as the blade he carried and 
 each a type of the noble though fanatical race from which he 
 sprung, would certainly, make an impressive picture and the 
 
32 SOUVEXIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 scene \vi]l, no doubt, some day occupy the genius of a future 
 painter. 
 
 Harper's Ferry was now patroled every night by details of 
 citizens until the execution of Brown, which took x>l«i<'e near 
 Charles Town, December 2nd, 1859. 
 
 A force of United States ti'oops nnder Captain Seth Bai'ton, 
 afterwards prominent in the service of the Confederacy, was also 
 stationed at Hai-per's Ferry and gi-idually (juiet was i-estored. 
 
 Cook and another raidei' named Albert Hazlett were arrested 
 in Pennsylvania and brought back on requisitions. This cir- 
 cumstance might furnish a lesson to the fanatics, who unhappily 
 abounded on both sides of Mason and Dixon's line. To the 
 Southei'n men it ought to have proved that the peoi)le of the 
 Xorth did not sympathize, to any great extent, with the invasion 
 of the State ofVii'ginia, and to the Xorthern men who expi'essed 
 themselves as shocked at the want of meicy exhil)ited by the 
 State of Virginia on this occasion, it might have shown that, 
 among themselves were men who were ready to delixei" over 
 Brown's party to the tender mercies of the slave-holders, for the 
 sake of a few hundred dollars reward. 
 
 Cook and another white man, named Edwin Coppic. with two 
 negroes, named Greene and Copeland, were executed on the 
 IGth of December in the same yeai', and Hazlett and Stephens, 
 (both white,) met the same fate on the 16th of March, 1860. 
 
 Brown's trial was, of course, a mere matter of t'onn. He took 
 no pains to extennate his guilt and openly avowed that he de- 
 sired no favors from the State of Yii-ginia. Two young lawyers 
 of Boston, named Hoyt and Sennott, volunteered to defend him 
 and they acqnitted themselves creditably. The Honorable 
 Samuel Chilton, of Washington, was employed for the defense, 
 by John A. Andrew, of Massachusetts, afterwards Governor of 
 that State, but, of course, nothing could save tlie prisoner and 
 he was executed as above mentioned. 
 
 Brown died with unshaken fortitude and bitter as the ani- 
 mosity against him was, his courage or rather stoical indiffer- 
 ence elicited the admiration, even of his enemies. Indeed, it is 
 difficult, at the ijrevsent time, to do justice to the character of 
 this remarkable man, but, no doubt, the future historians of this 
 counti'y who will write when the passions that excite us have 
 subsided or are perhaps forgotten, will class him with the 
 Scotch Covenanters of the 17th century. It has always stinck 
 the writer that John Brown very closelj^ resendiled John Balfour, 
 of Burly, whose character is so finely portrayed in Scott's " Old 
 
.TOHN^ "RKOWN :^ "RAID. 
 
 '33 
 
 Mortality," Tlie same sti'ong- will and iron nervo aiut the same 
 fanaticism characterized these two men and it must l)e said of 
 both, (for Burly' s character is taken from life,) tliat wliile no 
 sane person could wholly approve of their actions, tlieir bitterest 
 
 enemies cannot deny a tiib- 
 iite of respect to their nu- 
 ll inching courage. The 
 other prisoners also die<l 
 bravely, and, indeed, it 
 was a melancholy thing to 
 see men of so much stamina 
 loose theii' lives in such a 
 foolish enterprise. 
 
 An attempt to escape 
 was made by Cook and 
 Coppic on the night before 
 their execution. By some 
 means they succeeded in 
 finding the vigilunce of the 
 cell-guai-d and in climbing 
 t he outer wall of the prison, 
 when they were challenged 
 by a citizen guard who was 
 posted outside and their 
 further progress was pre- 
 vented. 
 On the morning of his execution Brown bade an aflfectionate fare- 
 well to his fellow-captives, with the exception of Cook, whom he 
 charged with having deceived him. It is said that lie gave to 
 each of them, with the above exception, a silver quarter of a 
 dollar, as a memento, and told them to meet tlieir fate courage- 
 ously. He pretended not to know Hazlett at all, but this was 
 understood by all who w'ere j)resent to be done in oi'der to aid 
 the latter whose trial had not yet come off, and who pretended 
 that he knew nothing abimt Brown or the raid on Harper's 
 Ferry. It will be remembered that he was arrested in Pennsyl- 
 vania, some time after the invasion, and. of course, his defense, 
 if he had an\", would be an alibi. 
 
 Brown's wife arrived at Harper's Ferry shortly before his 
 execution, jlnd to her his body was delivered for burial. He 
 was interred at Xoi'th Elba, in the State of Xew York, Mhere he 
 had resided for .some years. His wife was rather an intelligent 
 woman and she did not appear to sj^mpathize with her husband's 
 
 BOYER, SURVIVING JUROR. 
 
 BROWN'S X ROADS. NEAR HARPER'S FERRV. 
 
M SOUTE^TR XST> GriDE BOOTv. 
 
 wild notions on the subject of slavery. In conversation witli a' 
 citizen of Harper's Ferry, sbe expressed the opinion that Brown 
 had contemplated this or a similar raid for thirty years, al- 
 though he had never mentioned the subject to her.. The bodies- 
 of Cook, ('oppic, Hazlet and Stevens were also delivered to 
 friends and it is said that the two latter are buried, near the- 
 residence of a benevolent Quaker lady, in Xew Jersey, who 
 deeply sympathized with them and th« cause for which the}" 
 suifered. 
 
 The names of the invaders, as well as could l3e ascertained 
 were as follows : John Brown, "Watson Brown, Oliver Brown, 
 Owen Brown, Aaron D. Stevens, Edwin Coppic^ Barclay Coppic, 
 Albert Hazlett, John E. Cook, Stuart Taylor, William Lehman, 
 William Thompson^ John Heurie Kagi, Charles F. Tydd, Oliver 
 Anderson, Jeremiah Anderson, -Dolph Thompson, Dangerfield 
 Xewby, Shields Green, alias ''Emperor," John Copelaud and. 
 Lewis Leary, of whom the last four were negroes or mulattoes. 
 
 John Brown was, at the time of the raid, fifty-nine years old, 
 about five feet and eleven inches in height, large-boned and. 
 muscular but not fleshy, and he gave indications of hitving in 
 his youth possessed great physical strength. His hair had been 
 a dark brown, but at this period it was gray. His beard was 
 very long, and on the memorable day of the raid it hung in 
 snowy waves to his breast, giving to his aquiline features a 
 singularly wild appearance. His face was always beardless be- 
 fore this event. His eyes were of a dark hazel and burning with 
 a peculiar light that gave promise of a quick temper and daring 
 courage. His head, as it appeared to the writer, was of a 
 conical shape, and on the whole, his physique well corresponded 
 with the traits of his character. 
 
 There was confusion respecting the identity of his two sons^ 
 Watson and Oliver. They were mortally wounded on the 17th. 
 One of them, a young man, apparently about' twenty-three 
 years of age, of low stature, with fair hair and blue eyes, was 
 shot in the stomach and died, in the course of the next night, in 
 the Engine House, while the party had still posession of it. It 
 is said that he suffered terrible agony and that he called on his 
 companions to put him out of i)ain by shooting him. His father, 
 however, manifested no feeling on the occasion, beyond remark- 
 ing, that " he must have patience ; that he was dying in a good 
 cause, and that he should meet his fate like a brave man.'' The 
 other was a tall man, about six feet in height, with very black 
 hair. He, also, as above stated, was wounded in the skirmish 
 
JOHN broxtn's raid. '3"5 
 
 'oftheirtb, and he died next morning, after the marines had 
 ■gotten possession of the Engine House. He was one of the two men 
 -who were wounded from the " Gault House." "SVhen he died, 
 Ills father was a piisoner and badly wounded. On learning that 
 ■one of his men had just died, he sent out to inquire if it was 
 his son, and on being informed that it was, he manifested the 
 same stoicism and made the similar remark as on the death of 
 the other son. When the news reached him, he was engaged m 
 the iuteiTiew with Governor Wise. After satisfying himself as 
 to the identity of the man who had just died, he resumed his 
 ronversatiou with the Governor, as if nothing had happened cal- 
 culated to discompose him in the least. As before remarked, 
 there is a doubt as to which of these two men was Watson and 
 which was Oliver. 
 
 Owen Brown was one of those detailed to operate in Maryland. 
 He was not in the fray, but made his escape and was never cap- 
 tured. We cannot, therefore, give a description of his personal 
 ajipearance, 
 
 Aaron D, Stevens v\-as a remarkably fine looking young man, 
 of about thirty years of age. He was about five feet and ten 
 inches in height, heavily built, and of great symmetry of form. 
 His hair was black and his eyes, of dark hazel, had a very pene^ 
 trating glance. He was said to be a desperate character, and as 
 it was known that he had suggested to Brown the murder of the 
 prisoners and the firing of the village, there was greater ani- 
 mosity felt towards him than any of the others, except, perhaps, 
 old Brown himself and Cook. He received several wounds in 
 the skirmish and it was thought he could not survive them. In 
 consequence of these injuries, he was one of the last put on trial 
 and executed. He was said to be a believer in Spiritualism. He 
 was the one who was so badly wounded from the '* Gault House " 
 and who was taken to Fouke's hotel. Had he not been disabled, 
 it is to be feared, from what is reported of him, that a massacre 
 of Brown's prisoners would have taken place, on his recom- 
 mendation. Whatever his crimes may have been, it is certain 
 that he was a man of iron nerve. While he lay, helplessly 
 wounded at Fouke's hotel, a crowd of armed citizens gathered 
 around him and it was with the utmost difficulty that a few of 
 the less excited people succeeded in saving his life. One citizen 
 put the muzzle of his loaded gun to Stevens' head, with the ex- 
 pressed determination to kill him instantly. Stevens was then 
 unable to move a limb, but he fixed his terrible eyes on the 
 would-be murderer, and bv the sheer force of their magnetism or 
 
S6 souvp:nir and guidk book. 
 
 whatever you may choose to call their mysterious power, he com- 
 pelled the uuui to lowei" his gun and spare his life. To this day^. 
 the eitizen avers that he cannot account for the irresistible fas- 
 cination that bound him^ as with aspelL 
 
 Edwin Coppic (or Coppie) was a young man, aged alwut twenty- 
 four years, about five feet, six inches in height, compactly built, 
 and of a florid complexiou. He was a very handsome jouth and 
 for various reasons great sympathy was felt for him by niauj'. 
 He was not wounded in the engagement,, but taken prisoner by 
 the marines from the Engine House. He had come from Iowa, 
 where his widowed mother, a j)iouis old lady l>elonging to the So- 
 ciety of "Friends," resided. He had heeu, for a long time, in 
 the employ of a Mr. Thomas Gwynn, residing neai' Tipton, Cedar 
 county, in the above mentioned State. Mr. Gwynn was a farmer 
 and merchant and Copj^ic assisted him as a farm lal)orer and 
 "help" around his store. Mr. Gwynn was much attached to< 
 him and came to Charles Town for his remains, which he took 
 with him to Iowa. 
 
 After Coppic' s conviction, a petition, numerously signed, was. 
 forwarded to the Governor of Virginia, requesting executive 
 clemency in his case. It was not successful, however, and he 
 was executed, as before mentioned. In conversation with a citi- 
 zen of Harper's Ferry, who interviewed him in his cell, here- 
 marked that when he left his home in Iowa he had no intention 
 of entering on any expedition like the one against Virginia, but 
 he confessed that his object was to induce slaves to leave their 
 masters and to aid them to escape. 
 
 Of Barclay Coppic little is known beyond the fact of his hav- 
 ing been Edwin's brother. He was with Owen Brown and Cook, 
 on the Maryland side, and was never captured. It is said 
 that he was killed some years ago in Missouri, by a railroad 
 accident. 
 
 Albert Hazlett, of Pennsylvania, was a man of about five feet 
 and eleven inches in height, raw-boned and muscular. His hair 
 was red and his eyes were of a nuiddy brown and of a very un- 
 pleasant exi^ression. He was very roughly dressed on the day 
 of the raid, and in every sense of the word, he looked like "an 
 ugly customer." He made his escape from Harper's Ferry on 
 the evening of the 17fch, about the time that Brown withdrew 
 his force into the Engine House, but he was afterwards caj)- 
 tured in Pennsylvania and executed with Stevens. His age was 
 about thirty-three years. 
 
 John E. Cook was a native of Connecticut, and he, wasaj^oung 
 
JOHN brown's raid. 37 
 
 man, of al)out twoiit^-eight years of age, about five feet and 
 eight inches in height, but, as he stooped a good deal, he did 
 not appear to be so tall. He had fail- hair and bright blue eyes 
 ^ind was, on the whole, quite an intelligent looking man. He 
 had, as before stated, I'esided several j'ears at Harpei's Ferry, 
 and had become acquainted with all the young men of the place, 
 by whom he was regarded as a pleasant companion, and had mar- 
 ried a respectable lady there. He was highly connected and 
 the Governor of Indiana, (Willard, ) was his brother-in-law, 
 having married Cook's sister. On his trial, Mr. Voorhees, now 
 so prominent in the West as a politician, and then widely 
 known as an able criminal lawyer, made a speech for the defense 
 which is regarded as one of his best efforts. 
 
 Little is known, for certain, of Stuart Taylor. Some contend 
 that he was a man of medium size and very dark complexion, 
 while others believe that he was a red haired young man who 
 was bayoneted by the marines in the Engine House and di'agged 
 deid from t'jat building at the sime time that Brown was re- 
 moved. The writer is inclined to the latter oj^inion and he 
 thinks that those who favor the former confound him with a man 
 named Anderson, of whom we will soon speak at some length. 
 
 William Lehman, who was killed on a rock in the Potomac, 
 while endeavoring to escape, was quite a young man, with jet 
 black hair and a verj" florid complexion. The killing of this 
 young man was, under all the circumstances of the case, an act 
 of great barbarity, as he had made signs of a desire to surrender. 
 The man who shot him was but a temporary resident of Harper's 
 Ferry and belonged originallj^ to Martinsburg. His name we 
 will omit for the sake of his posterity. 
 
 William Thompson, who was shot on the bridge, was a man 
 apparently of about thirty j^ears of age, of medium size but of 
 great sj'uimetry of form. His comi^lexion was fair and he gave 
 indications of being a man of a very pleasant disposition. 
 He was well known to many in the neighborhood of ''the Ken- 
 nedj' farm," and he was very popular in the vicinity. The kill- 
 ing of this man, also, was unnecessary, but some palliation may 
 be found for it on account of the excitement caused by the death 
 of Mr. Beckham. 
 
 John, or as he was sometimes called, Henrie Kagi, is said to 
 have been a remarkably fine looking man with a profusion of 
 black hair and a flowing beard of the same color. He was about 
 thirty years of age, tall and portlj", and he did not displaj' the 
 same ferocity that the others exhibited. He was '' Secretary of 
 
JOHX brown's kaid, 39 
 
 "War.'' under Brown's Provisional Government and he liold tlie 
 rank of Captain. He is supposed to liave been a native of Oliio. 
 He was killed in the Shenandoah near the Rifle Factory. 
 
 Of Charles P. Tydd little iskuown. It is said tliat before the 
 raid he used to peddle books through the neighborhood (»f Har- 
 per's Ferry. As far as ascertained he did not appear in the 
 fight, but escaped from Maryland to parts unknown. It is said 
 he was a native of 3Iaine. 
 
 Respecting the ideutity of Oliver and Jeremiah Anderson, 
 there is a doubt as in the case of the Browns. One of thein was 
 killed by the marines, but what became of the othei- is unknown. 
 
 The man who was killed was about thiity years of age, of 
 middle stature, with very black hair and dark complexion. He 
 was supposed by some to be a Canadian mulatto. He is also, 
 as^before remarked, confounded by many witli Stuart Taylor. 
 He received three or four bayonet stabs in the breast and stonuich 
 and when he was dragged out of the engine house to the flagged 
 walk in front, he was yet alive and vomiting gore from internal 
 hemorrhage. While he was in this condition, a farmer from 
 some part of the surrounding country came up and viewed him 
 in silence, but with a look of concentrated bitterness. Not a 
 word did he speak, thinking no doubt, that no amount of cursing 
 could do justice to his feelings. He passed on to another part 
 of the yard and did not return for a considerable time. When 
 he came back, Anderson was still breathing and the farmer thus 
 addressed him : " Well, it takes you a h-11 of a long time to die." 
 If Anderson had vitality enough left in him to hear this sooth- 
 ing remark, it must have contributed greatly to smooth his way 
 to the unknown land of disembodied spirits. The writer heard 
 from very good authority, that another and still greater barbarity 
 was practiced towards this man while he was in the death agony. 
 Some brute in human shape, it is said, squirted tobacco juice and 
 dropped his quid in the dying man's eye. The writer did not see 
 the latter occurrence, but it is related by witnesses of undoubted 
 veracity. After death, also, this man Anderson appeared to have 
 been picked out for special honors and the most marked atten- 
 tions. Some physicians of Winchester, Virginia, fancied him 
 as a subject for dissection, and non. con. the^' got j)ossession of 
 his body. In order to take him away handily, they procured a 
 barrel and tried to pack liim into it. Head foremost, they 
 rammed him in, but the^^ could not bend his legs so as to get 
 them into the barrel with the rest of his body. In their en- 
 deavors to accomplish this feat, they strained so hard that the 
 
40 SOUVENIR AND GtTIDE BOOK. 
 
 man's bones or sinews, fairly cracked. The praise-worthy exer- 
 tions of those sons of Galen, in the cause of science and humanity 
 elicited the warmest expi-essions of appro\'al from the spectators. 
 The writei- does not know what disposition they finally made of 
 him. 
 
 Dolph Thompson was quite a boy and he appeared to bean un- 
 willing- participator in the transaction. He was seen by not 
 more than two or three citizens and it is supposed that he escaped 
 early on the 17th. He had fail- hair and a florid complexion. 
 
 Dangerfield Xewby was a tall, well built mulatto, aged about 
 thirty years, with a pleasing face. He was shot and killed at 
 the Arsenal gate, by somebody in Mrs. Butler's house opj^o- 
 site, about 11 o'clock A. M., on Monday, and he lay where he 
 fell until the afternoon of Tuesday. Tlie bullet struck him in 
 the lower part of the neck and went down into his body, the 
 person who shot him being in a position more elevated than the 
 place where Newby was standing. Mr. Jacob Bajeaut, of 
 Harper's Ferrj^, claims the credit of having fired the fatal shot 
 and the people generalh' accord him the honor. From the rela- 
 tive positions of the parties, the size of the bullet or some other 
 circumstances, the hole in his neck was very large and the writer 
 heard a party remark that he believed a smoothing iron had 
 been shot into him. Shortly after his death, a hog came i-ooting 
 about him, apparently unconscious, at first, that it was Lord of 
 Creation that lay there. The hog, after a while, paused and 
 looked attentively at the body, then snuffed around it and, 
 finally, put its snout to the man's face. Suddenly, the brute 
 was seized with a panic aiid with bristles erect and drooping tail, 
 it scami)ered away, as if for life. This display of sensibility 
 was very creditable to that hog, but soon a drove of the same 
 species crowded round the dead man, none of which appeared to 
 be actuated by the same generous impulse as the first. — The 
 I)ertinacity with wliich death liolds on to a dead African is so 
 well known, that it has become proverbial, but, the King of 
 Terrors himself could not exceed those hogs in zealous atten- 
 tion to the defunct Newby. They tugged away at him with 
 might and main and the writer saw one run its snout into the 
 wound and drag out a stringy substance of some kind which he 
 is not anatomist enough to call by its right name. It aj^peared 
 to be very long or very elastic, as it reached fulh' three yards, 
 IVom the man's neck, one end being in the hog's mouth and the 
 other some where in the man's body. This circumstance could 
 not fail to improve the flavor and enhance the value of pork, at 
 
JOHN bbo\vn's eaid. 41 
 
 Harper's Ferry, the next winter. On Tuesday evening after 
 Brown was made a prisoner, and the people were somewhat re- 
 lieved from the terror of a more extensive and dangerous inva- 
 :sion, a citizen of Harper's Ferry, who had not had a •chance to 
 distinguish himself, in the skirmish on Monday, fired a charge 
 of shot into the dead body of XeAvby, a feat which, no d()ul>t, 
 tended to exalt him, at least in his own opinion. Like Kirk- 
 l)atrick, at the murder of the Bed Comyn, he thought he would 
 •'• make sicker,'' and guard against any possibility of the dead 
 man's reviving. The citizen referred to was somewhat under 
 tlie influence of whiskey, but the writer saw another, apparently 
 sober, and a man of excellent standing in the community, kick 
 the dead man in the face, and, on the whole, great a crime as 
 the invasion of the place was, and natural as the animosity to- 
 Avards the invaders should be considered, it must be confessed 
 that the treatment the lifeless bodies of those wretched men re- 
 oeived from many of the infuriated populace, was far from being 
 creditable to the actors or to human nature, generally. 
 
 Sliields Greene, alias Emperor, was a negro of the blackest, 
 hue, small in stature and very active in liis movements. He 
 sceuied to be very officious, flitting about from place to place, 
 and he was, evidently, conscious of his own extra importance in 
 the enterprize. It is supposed that it was he who killed 3Ir. 
 Boei-ly. He was said to be a resident of the State of Xew York, 
 but little is known, for certain, about him. He was very insult- 
 ing to Brown's prisoners, constantly presenting his rifle and 
 threatening to shoot them. He Avas aged about thirty years. 
 
 John Copeland M-ns a mulatto, of medium size and about 
 twenty-five years of age. He was a i-esident of Oberlin, Ohio, 
 Avhere he carried on the carpenter business fen- some years, 
 
 Lewis Leary, a mulatto, was mortally wounded at the Eifle 
 Factory and died in a carpenter's shop, on "the island." He 
 was a young man, but his personal appearance cannot be 
 minutely described, as when captured he was suffering great 
 agony and, of course, did not present his natural appearance. 
 He also had resided in Oberlin, and his trade was that of har- 
 ness-making, 
 
 A negi-o man, whom ^Slr. Washington had hired from a 
 neighbor and who had been taken prisonei- with Mr. AVashing- 
 ton the previous night, was drowned while endeavoring, to 
 escape from his captors. — He was an unwilling participant in 
 the transaction and no blame was attached to him by the people. 
 
 Heywood Shepherd, the first man killed by Brown's paity 
 
42 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 was a very black negro, aged about forty- four years. He was 
 uncommonly tall, measuring six feet and five inches, and he was 
 a man of great physical streugth. He was free, but in order to 
 comply with a law then existing in Virginia, he acknowledged 
 "Squire" Beckham iis his master. The relations of master 
 and slave, however, existed only in name between them, and 
 Heywood accumulated a good deal of money and owned son.e 
 property in Winchester. He was a married man and he left 
 several children. 
 
 It is supposed by many that the killing of this man, alone, 
 prevented a general insurrection of the negroes, for some of the 
 farmers in the neighborhood say that they noticed an unusual 
 excitement among their slaves on the Sunday before the raid. 
 If it be true that the negroes knew anything of the intended at- 
 tack, it is probable they were deterred from taking a part by 
 seeing one of their own race the first man sacrificed. 
 
 Thomas Boerly, the second man killed, was a native of the 
 county of Roscommon, in Ireland. As before noticed, he was a 
 man of great physical strength and he was noted for *■' pluck." 
 He measured about six feet in height, and weighed o\'er two 
 hundred pounds. He was a blunt, straight-forward man in his 
 dealings and he was very popular on account of his love of fun 
 and from that somewhat inexijlicable tendency of human nature, 
 to pay respect to the purely accidental quality of personal 
 strength. Many years before he encountered and fought an 
 equally powerful man, named Joseph Graff, who, at that time, 
 resided at Harper's Ferry. The fight was conducted in the old 
 border style of " rough and tumble," including biting and goug- 
 ing. I^ight, alone, terminated the encounter and the combatants 
 parted, with their mutual respect greatly augmented and with a 
 great accession of glory to them both. The admirers of each 
 party claimed a victory for their champion, but the combatants 
 wisely divided the laurels and never again jeopardized their 
 reputations by renewing the contest. Mr. Boerly' s age was 
 about forty-three years. He was married and he left three 
 children. The State of Virginia granted a small pension to his 
 widow, but the war breaking out shortly after, she received no 
 portion of it, until, at the restoration of peace, her claim was 
 brought to the notice of the authorities. She has since been 
 paid punctually. Mr. Boerly kept a grocery and he was in very 
 comfortable circumstances. 
 
 George Turner, the third man killed, was a fine looking man, 
 aged about forty years. It is said that he was educated at West 
 
JOHN brown's kaid. 43 
 
 Point and that he was distinguished for gi'eat polish and refine- 
 ment of manners. He was unniirried and left a great deal of 
 pi-operty. He was a native of Jefferson county', Virginia. 
 
 Fountain Beckham, the forth man killed, was, like the others, 
 ;i tall, powerfully built man. His age was about sixty years. He 
 was a native of Culpepper county, Virginia, and a brother of 
 Armstead Beckliani, hei'etofore mentioned as Master Armorer. 
 As before stated, he had been for many y(!ars a magistrate of the 
 county and the agent of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad company, 
 at Hari)er's Ferry. At tlui time of his death, he was Mayor of 
 the town. He was a widower and two sons and a daughter sur- 
 vived him. Mr. Beckham was in many respects a remarkable 
 man. It is said that he was the best magistrate that Jefferson 
 county evei' possessed, his decisions baing always given with a 
 view rather to the justice than the law of the cases, and in many 
 instances being marked with great shrewdness and soundness of 
 Judgment. On the otlier hand, he was sometimes very whim- 
 sical and some amusing scenes used to be enacted between him 
 and Heywood. "The Squire" would frequently give unreason- 
 able orders to his servant, who nev^er hesitated on such occasions 
 to refuse obedience, and it was no uncommon thing to see Hey- 
 wood starting out fr-om the railroad office with his bundle on his 
 back en i-onte for Winchestei', sweai'ing that he would never 
 serve "'the Squire" another da3\ He never proceeded very far, 
 however, before he was overtaken by a message from "the 
 Squire" bi'inging proposals for peace and Heywood never failed 
 to return. Xotwithstanding their frequent rows, a strong attach- 
 ment existed between these two men through life, and in death 
 they were not separated. Mr. Beckham was verj' respectably 
 connected. His sister was the wife of Mr. Stubblefield, so long 
 superintendent of the Armory, and his niece. Miss Stubblefield, 
 was mariied to Andrew Hunter, of Charles Town, one of the most 
 eminent lawyers of Virginia. Mr. Beckham's wife was the 
 daughter of Colonel Stevenson, of Harper's Ferry, and it will thus 
 be seen that he was connected with many of th(^ most infiuential 
 families in "tlie Northern Xeck." Mr. Beckham's death was 
 mourned as a public loss, for, with many oddities of manner, 
 he was a very kind hearted man and a good citizen. 
 
 The nine citizens confined as hostages in the Engine House 
 were as follows : C'olonel Lewis W. Washington, and John All- 
 stadt, i)lanters ; John E. V. Dangei-field, jjaymaster's clerk ; A. 
 M. Ball, master machinist ; Benjamin Mills, master armorer ; 
 John Donohoo, assistant agent of the Baltimore and Ohio Eail- 
 
44 SOXJYEl^frR AND GTUIDE BOOIv. 
 
 road at Harper's Ferry ; Terence O' Byrne, a farmer residing iie 
 Washington county, Maryland; Israel Knssell, merchant of Har- 
 per's Ferry, and a Mr. Schoj^pe,. of Frederick City, Maryland, 
 who happened to be at Harper's Ferry that day on a business, 
 visit. 
 
 Colonel Lewis W. Washington was at that time a very fine 
 looking man of about fifty years of age, with that unmistakable- 
 air that always accompanies a man of trne patrician birth and 
 education. He was the soul of hospitality and Cook used tO' 
 visit him for the ostensible purpose of contendiiig with him in 
 pistol-shooting, an accomplishment for which they were both 
 famous. Mr. Washington on these occasions used to exhibit 
 the sword and other relics of his great namesake and kinsman 
 and thus it was that Cook and his companions giiineil such aii 
 intimate knowledge of his household arrangements, as enabled 
 them to discover where the relics^ were stored and to capture him 
 without difficulty. Cook was always hospitably entertained, 
 whenever he visited Mr. Washington and the ingratitude mani- 
 fested towards that gentleman was, perhaps, the worst feature of 
 the whole transaction and it is not to be excused for the moral 
 effect that the capture might be exjjected to vsecure. Mr, 
 Washington, it is said, exhibited on this occasion a great deal 
 of the dignity and calmness which charactei-ized his illustrious 
 kinsman and his fellow cai)tives j^et speak of his remarkable 
 coolness under the trying circumstances of his situation. 
 
 Mr. Washington, in his evidence before the select committee of 
 the United States Senate, John Sherman, O., Wm. A. Howard, 
 Mich., and Congressman Oliver, Missouri, appointed to inquire 
 into the outrage, gave a description of his capture by the party. He 
 described them as having consisted of Stevens, Cook, Tydd, 
 Taylor and the negro, Shields Greene. Another named Merriam 
 was supposed to have been about the premises, but he was not 
 seen by Mr. Washington. It may be remarked that Merriam, 
 although he is known to have been connected with the enter- 
 pi-ize, was not seen to figure at Harper's Ferry and what became 
 of him is unknown. It is understood that he was an Englishman 
 by birth and that he was, in early life, a protege of Lady Byron, 
 widow of the celebrated poet. Mr. Washington was one of those 
 who disagreed with the author, as to the identity of Stuart Tay- 
 lor. In the writer's opinion, Anderson and not Taylor was the 
 man who accompanied the party to Mr. Washington's house. 
 
 That gentleman had several narrow escaj)es from death, while 
 in the hands of ''the Philistines." About the time Mr. Beck- 
 
JOHN brown's RAtD. 45 
 
 liam was killed, Brown was sitting on the fire engine, near the 
 Engine House door, rifle in hand, apparently- watching an op- 
 portunity to make a good sliot. Mr. Washington noticed him 
 fingering his rifle abstractedly and like a person touching the 
 strings of a violin, and, being somewhat struck by the comicality 
 of the idea, he approached Brown for the purpose of inquiring 
 if he had ever learned to play the fiddle. We may well 
 imagine the answer the stern Puritan would have returned, had 
 there been time to propound the question. As Mr. W^ashington 
 came near Brown, a bullet from the outside whistled im- 
 mediately over the head of the latter, penetrating the handle of 
 an axe that was suspended on the engine and passed through 
 Mr. Washington's beard into the M'all near him, sprinkling 
 brick-dust all over him. Brown coolly remarked : " That was 
 close" and Mr. Washington postponed his question, thereby 
 consigning posterity to ignorance on the momentous question — 
 whether or not John Brown played on the fiddle. Mr. Washing- 
 ton, deeming it prudent to leave that neighborhood, moved a 
 little to one side, when he entered into conversation with Mr. 
 Mills, another of the prisoners. Their faces were not four inches 
 apart, yet through this narrow passage another bullet whistled, 
 and the friends, finding one place as safe as another, continued 
 their conversation. 
 
 Mr, Allstadt is a gentleman of about sixty years of age, of 
 veiy unassuming manners and popular for his amiable disposi- 
 tion. He, also, was examined before the Senate committee and 
 gave a lively picture of his adventures while a prisoner. 
 
 John E. I. Dangerfield is a gentleman of about fifty-five years 
 of age and of a delicate constitution. He bore up very well, 
 however, and when he was released by the marines his physical 
 strength had not given way, as his friends feared it would. He 
 now resides in Xorth Carolina. 
 
 A mislead M. Ball was at that time a man of about forty-six 
 years of age. He was vei-y corj)ulent but, notwithstanding his 
 great bulk, his health was delicate. He died in June, 1861, of 
 apoplexj% As before said, he was a man of wonderful mechani- 
 cal ingenuity. He invented a rifling machine which was used 
 for several years in the Armory and was legarded as a very in- 
 genious piece of mechanism. 
 
 Benjamin Mills was a man of about fifty years of age at the 
 time of the Brown raid, low in stature but muscular and active. 
 He returned, as before stated, to Harrodsburg, Kentucky, whepe 
 he had formerly resided. 
 

 a: 
 
 
BATTLEFIELD MARKER. 
 
 ■RBS 2 
 
JOHN brown's raid. 47 
 
 John Donolioo is quite a good looking man of about forty 
 years of age. He is a native of Ireland, but he emigrated at a 
 very early age to this country. He resided many years at 
 Harper's Ferry, where he was highly respected for his integrity 
 and business qualifications. He is now a merchant in Leiters- 
 burg, Washington county, Maryland. 
 
 Terence O' By rue is a man of about tiftyfive years of age. He 
 is in very comfortable circumstances and resides near tlie "Ken- 
 nedy farm," where, nnfortnnately for him, he became well 
 kn<nvn to Brown and his party. Mr. O' Byrne was examined 
 before the Senate committee and testified that the party who 
 captured him was composed of Cook, Tydd and Lehman. 
 
 Israel Russell is a nmn of sixty years of age. He was for 
 many years a magistrate of Jefferson county, and was always 
 greatly respected. He now resides in Loudoun county, Virginia. 
 
 Of Mr. Schoppe little is known at Harper's Ferry. As before 
 stated, he resides in Frederick city, IMaryland. 
 
 It is somewhat remarkable that the above mentioned gentle- 
 men who were prisoners displayed little or no vindictiveness 
 towards Brown. The writer has frequently noticed, in conver- 
 sation v.itli these men, that they invariably dwelt on his extra- 
 ordinary courage and that the animosity which it was natural 
 they should feel, on account of the great danger to which Brown 
 exposed them, was lost in their admiration for his daring though 
 misguided bravery. Mr. Donohoo visited Brown in prison and, 
 very much to his ciedit, exhibited towards his fallen foe a gen- 
 erosity characteristic of the man himself and the gallant nation 
 of his birth. 
 
 This is " Brown's Raid," so called, an invasion Mhich maybe 
 considered as the commencement of our civil war. It, of course, 
 created intense excitement all over the land and the feeling then 
 aroused never entirely subsided until the election of Mr. 
 Lincoln, in November, 1S60, renewed the quarrel on a greater 
 scale. As before noticed, a select committee of the United 
 States Senate was appointed to investigate the occurrence and 
 the following gentlemen testified before it : John Allstadt, A. 
 M. Ball, George W. Chambers, Lynn F. Currie, Andrew Hunter, 
 A. M. Kitzmiller, Dr. John D. Starry, John C. Unseld, Lewis 
 W. Washington and Daniel Whelan, all of Harper's Ferry or 
 its neighborhood. Many gentlemen from the Northern and 
 Western States also, who were supposed to be symi)athizei-s with 
 Brown, were called on to testify. Prominent among these were 
 John A. Andrew, a lawyer of Boston, afterwards Governor of 
 
48 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 Massachusetts, and Joshua Giddings, a leading anti-shivery man 
 of Ohio, and for many yeai'S a member of Congress from that 
 State. Kothing, however, was elicited to prove that any con- 
 siderable number of people from the Free States knew of the 
 contemplated raid and all unpi-ejudiced minds were convinced 
 that the knowledge of it was mostly confined to Brown and the 
 party that accompanied him on the expedition. Thus Harper's 
 Ferry enjoys the distinction of having been the scene of the first 
 act of our fearful drama. 
 
 " John Brown was born in Torrington, Conn., in 1800, and was 
 descended from an ancestor who landed at Plymouth Eock from 
 the Mayflower. His jouth and early manhood were spent in 
 Ohio and it was during those early years, when his character was 
 forming, that he conceived a disgust for military life and a detes- 
 tation for slavery. His educatiori was religious and he contem- 
 plated entering the Calvinistic ministry, but hesitated owing to 
 impaired eyesight. In 1840 he embarked in the Vv'ool trade in 
 Ohio, after some disastrous business transactions in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and 1846 he removed with his family to Springfield, Mass., 
 where he opened a wool warehouse and conducted business until 
 1849. An eastern trust — there were trusts even in those days — 
 forced him out of business and stripped him of everything. He 
 then began the reclamation of a wild tract of land at Xoi'th Elba 
 in the Adirondacks, given him by Gerrit Smith, and at the same 
 time he became the active friend of a colony of southern negi'oes 
 which Mr. Smith had planted there. In 1855 he went to Lykins 
 county, Kan., where four of his sons had taken up claims near 
 the village of Ossawattomie and where on account of their anti- 
 salvery opinions they were harassed and plundered by bands of 
 pro-slavery men from Missouri. 
 
 Kansas was then in the wildest disorder; continual strife and 
 bloodshed were of daily occurence between the Free-soilers. 
 
 He was married twice and the father of 21 children. 
 
 Near Pasadena, Cal., 5000 miles above the sea is the grave of 
 Owen Brown, his son and trusted Lieutenant at Harper's Ferry, 
 who escaped thither. The occupant of the liouse is Jason, his 
 brother, 73 years of age. The place is called Mt. Lowe. Owen 
 and his brother made a trail to the peak above, called Brown's 
 peak, in honor of them. It is kept in repair for tourists. Be- 
 sides Jason, Euth, Anna, Sarah and Helen live in this state and 
 Salmon, a son, resides in Oregon. John Brown, Jr., died in 
 Sandusky, O., a short time ago. It is said of John Brown's 
 raid, '^Time has given it a fuller j)erspective and a coloring 
 
JOHN TiROAVX^'s RATB. 49 
 
 niid that he stands fortli a shiiiin<i,- example of self-sacrifice and 
 heioisni. He was a man of exrremes. He had a Qnakei'shatied 
 of war, yet he freely endiarked in it. He practiced i)iety, yet 
 he approved of and probably took a leading i)art in tlie horrible 
 fivefold mnrder (Doyles and his two sons, Wilkinson and h^her- 
 man in Kansas.) He dearly loved his family, yet he had no 
 hesitancy in exposing them to death. He was a dreamer, yet a 
 man of action." 
 
 The Annals of Harper^s Ferry concludes its war episode Mith 
 this eloquent tribute to the hero of Ossawattomie : 
 
 We will conclude this imperfect account of ''Harper\s Ferry 
 during the war," by commenting on a fact Mhich, although it 
 may be accidental, has certainly a strong significance for a re- 
 flecting mind. Of all the government buildings in the Armory 
 enclosure befoi'e the war, the only one that has escaped destruc- 
 tion during that fearful struggle is John Brown's famous En- 
 gine House. Of the occurrence that gave fame to this little 
 building, there can be only one opinion — that it was a gross vio- 
 lation of law for which the aggressors paid a just, legal 
 penalty. On the other hand, it must be admitted that slavery 
 was not only an evil but a disgrace to the ]\Iodel Republic of 
 modern times and this civilized century. Who knoMS, then, 
 but that providence selected this enthusiast as its instrument in 
 removing that anomalous stigma of slavery from the State that 
 boasts of having given birth to Washington, and of containing 
 his ashes, and from this whole nation that can now, at least, 
 truly call itself ''the land of the free." The preservation of 
 this little building is, certainly, somewhat singular, and is takes 
 but a small stretch of imagination to prophesy that it will be 
 the Mecca to which many a pilgrim of this and othei- lands Mill 
 in future years journej*, as to a shrine consecrated to liberty. 
 John Brown was a violator of law and, as before i-emarked, he 
 suffered a just punishment for his invasion of Virginia and his 
 attempt at exciting a servile insurrection, but he was, certainly, 
 honest, and it must be admitted that he gave the strongest 
 proofs of sincerity when he sacrificed his life and the lives of 
 his children for the cause he advocated. Of course, many will 
 dissent from this opinion of slavery, especially in the South, if 
 indeed, any considerable number will peruse these uni)ietending 
 pages, but all must admit that John Brown's raid caused a 
 revolution, the most extraordinary in the annals of this globe, 
 and one that showed the most unmistakable signs of Providential 
 interposition. As lately as October, 1859, the institution of 
 
50 SOmS^ENTR AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 slavery bade fair to last as loug as the eternal mountains, anxl not 
 only that, but to spread over most of the vast regions of the Mis- 
 sissippi Valley, as yet unsettled by the Caucasian. It was 
 hedged in and protected by every ^safeguard which legislation, 
 state or national, could build around it, and in the South it 
 was cherished with an idolatry sui'passing that of any pagan 
 nation for its gods — ^an idolatry so fanatical and fierce as to pre- 
 clude any safety to the person rash enough to doubt the divine 
 origin of the institution. In the ^orth there was a very strong 
 party who cherished it, for political purposes and for that 
 anomalous sentiment in the human heart which glorifies, even 
 in a republic, an aristocracy either real or pretended. The 
 Congress of the United States had, a few years before, passed 
 the "Fugitive Slave Law," an enactment the most disgraceful of 
 any in the annals of legislation, and one which showed the depth 
 to which the roots of this monstrous evil and iniquity had sunk 
 into the hearts of the American people, as, of course, it could not 
 have passed without a very strong support ft-om the non-slave- 
 holding States. The hopes of the slave and the lover of liberty 
 were dead and beyond the least prospect of resurrection when 
 an humble man, without wealth, education or influence, but 
 moved by a spirit which must now be believed to have emanated 
 from heaven, with twenty-one others, equally humble, came, and 
 in one short hour, sapped the deeply laid foundations of this 
 sti'ucture, until it tumbled to destruction within four years. We 
 may, therefore, well consider our revolution a dispensation of a 
 just providence and the mission of John Brown as heaven-di- 
 lected, and we will ventui-e to prophesy that before many years 
 a monument to the memory of that missionary of freedom will 
 stand on the site of his famous Engine House, or on the spot 
 near Charles Town, from which his soul commenced to " march 
 on" — literally to heaven, and figuratively to the emancipation 
 of four millions of the human race. A native of a land that has 
 for seven hundred years groaned under the iron rule of a foreign 
 oppressor, and one who with his mother's milk drew in a hatred 
 of tyranny and a corresponding love for the martyrs of freedom 
 in every land, the author suggests the erection of this monument 
 and he predicts that in a short time, there will be no man prouder 
 of it or the hero it will commemorate than the gallant Vii-ginian 
 who, though he fought fiercely against liberty, did so through 
 the errors of his education alone, for he is in reality among the 
 most chivalrous of mankind. A little experience of the benefits 
 of the abolition of slavery, even to the white race, has already 
 
JOHN BROAVN'8 RAID. 51 
 
 liiul a marked effect on tlie feeliiifi^s of the people of Virginia, 
 ami it is evident tiiat the next geneiation will look with liorror 
 aud conteini)t on the rclie of barbarism for which their fathers so 
 persistently contended. '■^ Exegi monnmenium cere perennius^^ 
 might well be the legend on the "John Brown colninn," for 
 neither brass nor marble will endure as long as the work he has 
 :icc<)in])lished, and the good deeds that live after the man — acts 
 whieh, in their conseqnences, effect beneficially remote posteritj^, 
 are the performer's proudest aud most lasting monument. There 
 is a remarkable illustration of this truth at Haiper's Fei'ry, for 
 not a fourth of a mile from the Engine House, where only twelve 
 years ag;o the first blow was struck at the fetters of the Ameri- 
 <'an slave, already towers '^Stoi-er College," an institutiou 
 originally endowed by the munificence of a private citizen for the 
 education of the freedmen, and every year a class of graduates, 
 of both sexes, leave its halls to impart in turn to their less for- 
 tunate bi-ethren, in distant localities, the blessings of a liberal, 
 Christian education. This institution is a corallary of John 
 Brown's idea and it is the noblest monument that could be 
 erected to perpetuate his fame. It, moreover, affords a practical 
 aud conjplete refutation of the calumny which asserted the in- 
 capacity of the negro mind for receiving instruction, and the 
 yearlj' commencement exhibitions at this infant college, even 
 now, compare favorably with thase of the oldest and proudest 
 seminai-ies in the land. It is gratifying to see that its merits are 
 attracting attention from the wealthy and munificent all over 
 the country, and that bequests and donations for its benefit are 
 being made by the benevolent in various sections. As the field 
 in which this institution has to laboi- is co-extensive with the late 
 slave states and as the numbers seeking its advantages are almost 
 beyond calculation, we would invite to it the attention of the 
 many philanthropists which our country, hai)i)ily, possesses, 
 although it frequently happens that their charities aie not di- 
 rected to the worthiest objects." 
 
 ^ CHARLES TOWN, ^ 
 
 the place of the execution of John Brown and his confederates, 
 is the county seat of Jetrerson County, and is eight miles from 
 Harper's Ferry, with which it is connected by pike and the Val- 
 ley Branch of the B. & O. R. R. It is situated upon a high and 
 beautiful undnlating ground, 5S0 feet above the sea aud com- 
 mands a varied and beautiful scenery — North Mountains on the 
 
CHARLES TOWN AND YICIXITY. 53 
 
 west and the Blue Eidge niountain and Harper's Ferry gap on the 
 east, eliciting the expression from Jolin Brown on liis way to tlie 
 scaffold, "that it was a beautiful country '" 
 
 Tlie town was laid out by Charles Washington, brother of 
 Genci-al (icoigc Washington. 17SG. It contains .3()()() inliabitants, 
 with social advantages unsurpassed by any town of its size else- 
 wlu'ic. and is what you might call an old aristocratic southern 
 town. A great many of the descendants of our ill usti'ious fore- 
 fathers, who made the early history of oui- counti-y. still live here, 
 though their magniticent home-; have in some cases fallen in the 
 hands of northerners who have come amongst them to live and 
 in numy cases have married their daughters also. 
 
 Slave quarters aud other evidences of anti-bellum days can 
 still be traced here. 
 
 The residence of Col. John Gibson is built upon the spot of the 
 execution. He is a typical southern gentlenmn of aute-bellum 
 days of that section, chivalrous, courteous and honest. 
 
 It was these virtues so conspicuously possessed by the opposing 
 men of the late war that easily led the writer up to the conclu- 
 sion that the clash of arms was due to their different educations. 
 
 Lee showed great courtesy to Bi'own after his capture and he 
 in return spoke of the greatness of the southern people, save 
 slavery. Horace Greely, the great abolitionist, went on Jefferson 
 Davis' bond and gave him treedom, and Grant offered his sword 
 to President Johnson before one of the rebels should be hurt. In 
 view of these facts, then, is not a foreign war a blessing, so that 
 all the citizens of all sections can be restored to the same footing 
 — a regeneration of the nation, a re-baptism into citizenship ? 
 The court house made fiimous by the trial of Brown and his men 
 is still here with other places made interesting by this and other 
 events. 
 
 '•In the beauty of the lilies Christ was born across the sea. 
 With a glory in his bosom that ti-ansfignres you and me. 
 As he died to make men holy, let us die to make men free. 
 While God is marching on." 
 
 — Battle Hymn of the Republic, 
 
ANTIETAM. 
 
 55 
 
 ^ ANTIETAM. ^ 
 
 'X 
 
 
 ANTIETAM is a beauti- 
 ful rolling section of conn- 
 try, lying at the foot of the 
 Bine Ridge system. Its 
 fields are green and waving, 
 with a Quaker's quietness 
 reigning around, and pos- 
 sessing no marks of the 
 great struggle for human 
 liberty, save only what 
 man has placed there since 
 as memorials. It is called 
 Antietam from the creek 
 which traverses it, which 
 ^ first gave its beautiful In- 
 dian name to the line of 
 battle and afterwards to the whole territory over which the 
 battle spread. It is reached by pike some twelve miles over a 
 level and beautiful farming country by Shepherdstown, or moun- 
 tain road through i^rimitive forests, across murmuring brooks 
 and by cool, gurgling springs. Togo one wa\' and return the 
 other gives you a circuit of twenty-five miles' drive of beautiful 
 and varied scenery and many interesting historical jioints, viz: 
 the old southern town of Shepherdsto wn, LsiVs headquarters on 
 Shepherdstown road, Sharpsburg and Antietam battlefields, by 
 Reno's monument. Turner's and Crampton's Gaps and Horse- 
 shoe monument, and residence of Geo. Alford Townsend, better 
 known as *'Gath," in South Mountain, Kennedy Farm and 
 John Brown's rendezvous, in " Sample's Manor." In the North 
 the battlefield is known as Antietam, in the South, as Shaips- 
 burg, the reason being, that the Confederate line passed through 
 the latter place toward the river. 
 
 The residence of Hon. Jacob H. Grove, a brick house slightly 
 elevated, on southwest corner of public square, is marked as the 
 place where Lee held a conference with Longstreet and D. H. 
 Hill, but his headquarters were in tents pitched in a grove on 
 
ANTIETAM. 
 
 57 
 
 the i]<ilit of tlie ShepherdstoMii road, just outside of town. 
 Sliar])sl>urii- is a sliadx' little town of some 1000 inhabitants, nest- 
 ling' in the hollow of the suiToundinji,' liills, an<l is ini])roved l)y 
 hattletield I'oads tiii(>nj;h and around it. l)ein^the intention of the 
 Government later to join them soutli of the town. In view of 
 
 <^:^- 
 
 MONL'MENTS TO WAR CORRESPONDENTS, AND HOME OF GEORGE ALF^fift 
 TOWNSOND, ESQ,, OF SOUTH MOUNTAIN. 
 
 this eircnmstanee then, would it not be fitting; and in the whole 
 appropriate that the eenter of the town that widens into a public 
 square, be set otf bj' a fitting memorial perpetuating the gieat 
 issue n])on which this bloody battle hinged, the Emancipation 
 Proclamation. The improvements of the battlefield all around 
 the town will natnially force some ornamentation of this square, 
 and a step of this kind by its citizens, I think, would not be out 
 of order and very i)i-oi)er. An agitation of the subject Mould 
 hurt nothing and <iuite likely pi'oduce something in the long- 
 run. 
 
 Previous to this battle, the day was a bright one for the Con- 
 fedeiates and a dark one for the Union forces. Lee crossed into 
 M iryhmd at White's Ford and took the direction of Frederick 
 city in an invasion of the north. McClellan. just reinstated iuto 
 command, lolloped closely but cautiously ujton his heels and 
 brought him to an engageuu'Ut on the banks of the far-famed 
 Ant ietam. 
 
 Had the people of Maryland i-esponded to the address of Gen. 
 Lee and the l)attle been a Confederate ti-iumph, then no doubt 
 our rock of Union and Liberty would have been blasted forever. 
 
~y 
 
 antietam. 59 
 
 *' Headquarters Army of Northern Virginia, 
 " Near Frederick, Md., September 8th, 1862. 
 * ' To the People of Maryland : 
 
 ''It is rifflit tliat you sliouUl know the purpose tliat has brought 
 the ariuy under my command within the limits of your State, so 
 far as that purpose concerns yourselves. 
 
 " The people of the Confederate States have long watched with 
 the deepest sympathy the wrongs and outrages that have been 
 inflicted upon the citizens of a commonwealth allied to the States 
 of the South by the strongest social, political, and commercial 
 ties, and reduced to the condition of a concpiered province. 
 
 " Under the pretense of supporting the Constitution, but in 
 violation of its most valuable provisions, your citizens have been 
 arrested and imprisoned, upon no charge and contrary to all the 
 forms of law. 
 
 '• A faithful and manly protest against this outrage, made by 
 a venerable and illustrious Mai-ylander, (Roger B. Taney,) to 
 whom in better days no citizen appealed for right in vain, was 
 treated with scorn and contempt. 
 
 ''The government of your chief city has been usurped by 
 armed strangers ; your Legislature has been dissolved by the un- 
 hiwful ai'iest of its members ; freedom of the press and of speech 
 has been suppressed ; words hav^e been declared offenses by an 
 arbitrary decree of the Federal Executive , and citizens ordered 
 to be tried by military commissions for what they may dare to 
 speak. 
 
 "Believing that the people of Maryland possess a spirit too 
 lofty to submit to such a government, the people of the South 
 have long wished to aid you in throwing off this foreign yoke, to 
 enable you again to enjoy the inalienable rights of freemen, and 
 restore the independence and sovereignty of your State. 
 
 "This, citizens of Maryland, is our mission, so far as you are 
 concerned. No restraint upon your free Avill is intended. No 
 intimidation will be allowed within the limits of this army, at 
 least. We know no enemies among you, and will protect all of 
 you in every opinion. 
 
 " It is for you to decide your destiny freeh' and without con- 
 straint. This army will respect your choice, whatever it may 
 be ; and, while the Southern people will rejoice to welcome you 
 to your natural position among them, they will only welcome 
 you when you come of your own free will. 
 
 " R. E. Lee. General Commanding." 
 
60 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 Lec^s Famous Lost Order at Frederick. 
 
 ''Headquarters Army of Northern Virginia, 
 
 '^ September 9th, 1S62. 
 
 "The army will resume its march to-morrow, taking the 
 Hagerstown road; General Jackson's command will form the ad- 
 vance, and, after passing Middletown, with such portion as he 
 may select, take the route toward Sharpsbni-g, cross the Potomac 
 at the most convenient point, and by Friday night take posses- 
 sion of Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, capture such of the enemy 
 as may be at Martinsburg and intercei^t such as may attemi^t to 
 escape from Harper's Ferry. Gan. Ljugstreet's command will 
 X3ursue the same road as far as Boonsboro, where it will halt 
 with the reserve supply and baggage trains of the army. 
 
 Gen. McLaws with his own division and that of Gen. R. H. 
 Anderson will follow Gen. Longstreet ; on reaching Middletown, 
 he will take the route to Harper's Ferry and by Friday moi-ning 
 possess himself of the Maryland Heights, and endeavor to cap- 
 ture the enemy at Harper's Ferry and vicinity. 
 
 General Walker with his division, after accomplishing the 
 ol>ject in which he is now engaged, will cross the Potomac at 
 Cheek's ford, ascend its right bank to Lovettsville, take posses- 
 sion of Loudoun Heights if practicable by Friday morning, 
 Key's Ford on his left, and the road between the end of the 
 mountain and the Potomac on his right. He will, as far as prac- 
 ticable, co-operate with Gen. McLaws and Gen. Jackson in in- 
 tercepting the retreat of the enemy. Gen. D. H. Hill's division 
 will form the rear guard of the army pursuing the road taken 
 by the main body. The reserve artillery, ordnance and suj^ply 
 trains, &c., will j) recede General Hill. 
 
 " General Stuart will detach a squadron of cavalry to accom- 
 pany the commands of Generals Longstreet, Jackson and Mc- 
 Laws, and, with the main body of the cavalry, will cover the 
 route of the army, and bring up all stragglers that may have 
 been left behind. 
 
 " The commands of Generals Jackson, McLaws and Walker, 
 after accomplishing the objects for which they have been detached, 
 will join the main body of the army at Boonsboro or Hagers- 
 town. 
 
 " Each regiment on the march will habitually carry its axes 
 in the regimental ordnance, wagons, for use of the men at their 
 encampments to j)rocure wood, &c. 
 
 "By Command of General R. E. Lee, 
 
 "R. H. Chilton, Assistant Adjutant-General, 
 "Maj. Gen. D. H. Hill, Commanding Div. 
 
ANTIETAM. 61 
 
 Tablets Erected at Depot at Harper's Ferry, W. Va., by 
 Battlefield Commissioners. 
 
 capturp: of harper' !=i ferry, Sunday, 15, 1862. 
 
 TABI.ET I. 
 
 On Sept. loth, 1802, Gen. E. E. Lee, connnanding tlie Army 
 of Xorthein Yirginia, tlien at Frederick, Md., set three columns 
 in motion to capture Harper s Feri-y. Major-Gen. L. McLaws, 
 with bis own division and that of Major-Gen. R. H. Anderson, 
 marched through Middletown and Brownsville Pass into Pleas- 
 ant Valley. On the 1 2th the brigades of Kershaw and Barksdale 
 ascended Maryland Heights by Solomon's Gap, moved along the 
 crest and at nightfall were checked by the Union forces under 
 command of Col. T. H. Ford, about two miles north of this. 
 Eight Confedeiate brigades held Weverton, Sandy Hook and 
 approaches from the east. On the 13th Kershaw and Barks- 
 dale drove the Union troops from the Heights, Ford, abandon- 
 ing 7 guns, retreated across the pontoon bridge, a few yards above 
 the lailroad bridge to Harper's Ferry. The Union loss was 38 
 killed and 134 wounded ; Confederate loss 35 killed and 178 
 wounded. Brig. -Gen. Johu E. Walker's division crossed the 
 Potomac at Point of Eocks, 10 miles below this, during the night 
 of Sept. 10th, and on 13th occupied Loudoun Heights and the 
 roads south of the river, leading east and south. 
 
 TABLET II. 
 
 Major-Gen. Thomas I. Jackson, with his own division and 
 those of Major-Gen. A. P. Hill and E. S. Ewell, left Frederick 
 on the morning of vSept. 10, and passing through Middletown 
 and Boousboro. crossed the Potomac at Williamsport, 21 miles 
 nortli of this, on the afternoon of the 11th. Hill's division took 
 the direct road to Martinsbuig and bivouacked near it. Jackson's 
 and Ewell's divisions marched to Xorth :\Iountain depot on B. 
 &OR. R., seven miles northwest of Martinsburg, and bivouacked. 
 During the night Brigadiei -Gen. Julius White, commanding 
 the I^nion troops at ^Nlartinsburg, 2,500 in nund)er, al)andoned 
 the i)lace and retreated to Harper's Ferry. Jackson occupied 
 :\rartinsburg on the morning of the 12th, passed through it and 
 about noon on the 13th, A. P. Hill's division in the advance 
 reached Halltown, 3^ miles west of this, and went into camp. 
 Jackson and Ewell's divisions, following Hill's, encamped near it. 
 
62 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 TABLET III. 
 
 Col. Dixon S. Miles, Second U. S. Infantry, commanded the 
 Union forces at Harper's Ferry. After Gen. White joined liim 
 from Martinsbnrg, Sept. 12, and Col. Foixl from Maryland 
 Heights on the 1.3th, Miles had about 14,200 men. On tlie 
 morning of the 14th the greater part of the force was in position 
 of Bolivar Heights If miles west, its right resting on the Poto- 
 mac, its left near the Shenandoah, artillery distiibnted on the 
 line. Artillery and a small force of infantiy occupied Camp 
 Hill nearby, midway between this and Bolivar Heiglits. The 
 cavalry was under partial cover of the irregularities of the 
 ground. On the morning of the 14tli, Walker placed five long- 
 range guns near the nortliern point of Loudoun Heiglits and at 
 1 p. m. opened on the Union battei'ies on Bolivar Heights and 
 Camp Hill, which was replied to. An hour later, Jackson's ar- 
 tillery opened on Bolivar Heights from school house hill and 
 still an hour later McLaws opened from two parrott guns that 
 he had succeeded in placing near the southern extremity of 
 Maryland Heights. The fire IVom these three directions was 
 continued till silencing and dismounting someof the Union guns. 
 
 TABLET IV. 
 
 In the afternoon of the 14th Jackson's division advanced its left, 
 seized commanding ground neai' the Potomac and established ar- 
 tillery upon it. Hill's division moved from Halltown obliquely 
 to the right until it struck the Shenandoah, then pushed along the 
 river. The advance, after some sharp skirmishing, late in the 
 night gained high ground upon which were placed 5 batteries, 
 commanding left rear of the Union line. Ewell's division ad- 
 vanced through Halltown to school house hill and deployed 
 about 1 mile in front of Boliver Heights, bivouacking on either 
 side the Charles Town road. Dui'ing the night the Confederates 
 advanced on the right and left, gaining some ground and 10 guns 
 of Ewell's division crossed the Shenandoah river at Key's Ford 
 and were placed on the plateau at the foot of Loudoun Heights 
 to enfilade the entire position on Bolivar Heights. About 9 p. 
 m. the entire Union cavalry force, about 1500 men, crossed the 
 pontoon bridge, passed up the canal bank about a mile, followed 
 the mountain road near the i-iver, crossed the Antietam near its 
 mouth, passed through Sharpsburg about midnight and escaped 
 into Pennsylvania. 
 
 TABLET v. 
 
 At daylight Sept. 15th, the batteries of Jackson's division de- 
 
A XT I ETA M. 63 
 
 livercd a sovore fiiv against tlic ligiit of 7>()li\ai' ITciiilits defense, 
 Ewell's balteiies »»i)eiied from Scliodl-Hoiise liill in front, Hill's 
 five batteries on ^I'oiind eonimandin*;;' tlie left of the line and the 
 ten <;uns across tlie Slu'nan<loali poui'ed an accniate entihule fire 
 from the left and I'ear of ^files' defenses. The artilleiy on IjOU- 
 donn Heights and ]Mai ylaiid Jleiglits joined in the attack. This 
 concentrated lire of fifty-six guns was ]'es])()nded to by the Vnion 
 guns, but in an hour Ix'ginning to run short of ammunition. 
 Miles raised the white flag in token of surrender. Soon after he 
 Mas mortally wounded and the command devolved upon Gen. 
 "White who completed the terms of capitulation by the suirender 
 of about 12,000 officers and men and all pul>lic property. Hill's 
 division was left to pai'ole the prisoners while Jackson with five 
 divisions marched to the field of Antietani. Exclusive of the 
 loss on Maryland Heights, the Union loss, 9 killed and 39 
 wounded ; Confederate loss, 6 killed and 09 wounded. 
 
 The Battles of South Mountain and Antietam, Md. 
 
 The battle at Turner's Gap in South Mountain, was fought 
 September 14th, 1862, (Sunday) between Major-General Burn- 
 side, commanding right wing of the Union Army, 30,000 to 35,- 
 000 strong, and ^lajor-Generals Longstreet and D. H. Hill, of 
 the Confederate Aruw, 25,000 strong. 
 
 The battle at Crampton's Gaj), in South Mountain, was fought 
 on the same day as above, between Major-(Jeneial Fianklin's 
 Sixth Corps, forming the left Ming of McClellan's Army of the 
 Potomac, 4,000 to 6,000 men, and Brigadier-General Col)b. mUL 
 two or thi'ee brigades of McLaws' division, 1.200 to 1,500 men, 
 while the lai'ger j)ortiou of McLaws' division was some miles 
 farther on, operating against iMaryland Heights and Harper's 
 Ferry. 
 
 The battle of Antietam was fought September 17th, 1862, be- 
 tMcen the Union Army of the Potomac, 87,000 strong, under 
 Major-General IMcClellan, ami the Coidederate Army of Virginia, 
 97,000 stiong, under General R. E. Lee. 
 
 The battle of Antietam is tersely and eloquently descril)ed in 
 the following address delivered at the unveiling of the soldiers 
 monument Sepleml)er 17, 1880. 
 
 ADDRESS OF HON. M. BROSIUS, OF LANCASTER, PA. 
 
 This countless assemblage of the children of men declares tlie 
 
64 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 profouiul interest aiul eoniniaii(liii<i' importauee of the oceasion 
 that has caUed iis together. Any extraonlinary human exertion 
 engages the resi)eettal attention of niankind. A great work of 
 art invokes our admiration, a stupendous effort of inteUect com- 
 mands our leverenee. 
 
 UnexampUnl feats of daring and prowess affect us with woiuler, 
 exhibitions of dauntless courage wrest from us spontaneous ai)- 
 plause. But it is the contemphition of a combination of all the 
 elevated powers of mau in a state of intense and sublime action 
 — extraordinary physical power of endui-ance. matchless courage, 
 deathless valor-, sublime heroism and uijble self- sacrifice, all in- 
 spired by a lofty patriotism and a supieme devotion to principles 
 inseparably connected wdth the maintenance of a just government 
 and the liberties of mankind — that is best fitted to engage all the 
 faculties of the mind — all the emotions of the heart, elevating 
 the whole being to a height from which the sweep of the soul's 
 vision comprehends all that is great in action, admirable in i)ur- 
 pose, lofty in sentiment, and god-like in achievement. From 
 such a combination of human endeavors the ground whereon we 
 stand derives its importance in the histoi'V of the republic. 
 
 To-day, 18 years after its baptism in blood, the name of Antie- 
 tam is a spear of Aeolus, which smiting the poi-tals of memory, 
 forth rushes a flood of hallowed recollections, on whose uplifting 
 bosom we are borne to a height from which we can survey , with 
 clear and dispassionate vision, the character of that day's su- 
 preme test of the mettle of American soldieis, the n;aivekus re- 
 sults of the sacrifices here piled upon our country's altar, with 
 their great lessons for all coming time. 
 
 SOLEMNITY OF THE OCCASION. 
 
 How grand the theme, how mighty and far reaching the 
 question its contemplation suggests. Yet how little adapted to 
 the elevated and imposing task of their consideration are the 
 feeble powers of him whom the partiality of the trustee of this 
 beautiful '' place of Sepulchers" has chosen for its execution. In 
 the presence of 4,000 of our martyred dead the tongue falters, 
 the heart mufffes its beats and a sense of overwhelming awe 
 teaches us that silence rather than words would most accor-d 
 with the solemnity of the occasion. Whatever we may say of 
 the hei'oes whose dust lepose beneath these mounds, guarded 
 for all time by a nation's imper-ishable gr-atitude, symbolized in 
 the sculptui-ed sentinel that starrds above them — all our speech 
 will be outweighed by their speechlessness. They are their own 
 
ANTTETA:\r. 65 
 
 best orators to-day, for being dead, tliey yet speak. 
 
 NIXESSITY OF THE WAR FOR UNION. 
 
 Before alluding to the great event whose eotninemoration has 
 brought us hither, the solemn inquii-y which already subsists in 
 your minds, thrusts itself upon us demanding utterance, •'should 
 battles be commemorated in a Chiistian land." We voice the 
 sentiment of Christendom when we ask, do not all deprecate war? 
 and from this vast multitude bathed in the memory of its inhu- 
 manity, its splendid mui-der, its ghastly horrors, its terrible 
 compensations, comes back, comes back the answer, — "all." Yet 
 to the sense of mankind there is in that answer a reserved ex- 
 ception. 
 
 Between the philosophy of Hobbs who held that the natural 
 state of mankind was war, and that super- retined sentiment that 
 there can be no war that is not dishonorable, there is a middle 
 ground whereon the Christian patriot can stand with the assur- 
 ance of the favor of his country and his God. When the ob- 
 jects of the contest are such as to engage the highest attributes of 
 Heaven and secure alliance between mortal and immortal powers ; 
 when necessary to crush bad pi-inciples, destroj' tyrants and 
 rescue society from evils greater than itself, war becomes a high, 
 noble and responsible duty. When otfered by the hand of neces- 
 sity, not otherwise, said Sir Philip Sidney, it must be accepted. 
 Ours was no rash, fruitless war for wanton glory waged, nor for 
 added power and gain. It was the spontaneous uprising of pa- 
 triotism to rescue the Union and Liberty. It was precipitated 
 by no ephemeral cause but was in defense of ideas that will 
 wander through eternity — principles inextinguishable as the stars 
 and a civilization which shall endure to the '' last vestige of re- 
 corded time." It was justified by an over- ruling necessity in 
 the providence of God, in working out the destiny of the nation. 
 It was the shadow by which the sun of American civilization 
 marked its progress on the dial plate of history. It seems to be 
 the lesson of the ages that every new birth of freedom must have 
 its dark night of travail and pain. 
 
 THE SEEDS OF CONFLICT. 
 
 Liberty and slavery — iireconcilable in their natures — crossed 
 the ocean the same year. The Mayflower and the Dutch slave 
 ship plowed the sea at the same time. Both sought the shores 
 of the new world and both planted their seeds, to grow side by 
 side until the principle of the ''.survival ofthejiitcst^^ should ex- 
 terminate the one and nationalize the other. Formidable events 
 in thehistory of their contiict i)ut thenationto a formidable alter- 
 
66' SOtJTENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 native. The horrors of miasma or the fury of the blast. Said 
 Yictor Hugo, fur every oak struck with lightning how man>- 
 forests reudeied wliolesome. The storm whicli came behind the 
 visible woik was the invisible — the former barbarism — the latter 
 sublime. 
 
 Under a scaffolding of war was to be reared a majestic temple- 
 of human freedom. 
 
 Never l>efore was war so highly justified, for never before had 
 it wrought snch achievement for humanity. There were fields 
 on which Spartan valor saved Greek intellect and art from the 
 Persian— fields on which Eoman polity and law were saved from 
 the Carthagenians and the Gauls — fields on which Charles Martel 
 hurled back tlie Saracen hosts from the heart of Christendom — 
 of Marston Moor and Nasby, where at the hands of Fairfax and 
 Cromwell the cavaliers met their doom, of Leipsic, the battle of 
 nations, that delivered E.uroi>e from French domination — of 
 Waterloo that saw the overthrow of the first Napoleon and of 
 Sedan that witnessed the downfall of the second empire ; but 
 none of these will be so consecrated in after ages as the fields of 
 the American revolution which laid the corner-stone, and of the 
 war for the union which fixed firm and stable forever the foun- 
 dations of Freedom's. 
 emi)ire in the new 
 world. 
 
 THE BATTLE. 
 
 The silvery vest- 
 ments of a gTay dawn 
 hang upon the hills 
 and drape the woods^ 
 along which a desper- 
 ate and determined foe 
 have formed six miles 
 of doul)le battle lines. 
 In their rear is the Po- 
 tomac, in front the 
 deep Antietam and 
 McClellan's eager lines. 
 The federal army 
 reaches four miles 
 OBSERVATION TOWER ON BATTLEFIELD. aloug the crcck. Grim 
 
 and frowning batteries 
 cover each hill crest, trained upon every stretch of ground o\er 
 which the soldiers of the Union must pass to scale the steeps oc- 
 
ANTIETAM. 67 
 
 'Ciipied by the enoiiiy. Death is waiting tipon the light of day. 
 It lias come. Ifookei' Hiiigs down the gage of battle and ad- 
 Taiu'ing beyond the woods, throws his corps like a thundei-bolt 
 against the iron front of Jackson's lines, which fall staggering to 
 the woods beyond. Reinforced by Hood's fresli troops they roll 
 back tlie blood crested billow sweeping from the fiehl eveiy 
 living thing. Bending before this dreadful storm the lines of 
 Hooker retire. Weakened by his loss, he speeds a messag<' to 
 Donbleday with the command, ''give me your best brigade in- 
 stantly." And it comes, like an avalanche, led by brave Hart- 
 suff — now into the corn field, now against a hurricane of fire 
 against which none but lines of adamant could stand. O ye 
 mortal powers, what courage. How like Gods they move. Yet 
 see how like men they fall — those citizen soldiers who but yes- 
 terday left their kisses on the lips of mothers, Mives, daughters, 
 in exchange for their benediction as the}" rushed to the baptism 
 -of fire. They came to triumph or to die. See, they still breast 
 that flood of fire ; now it begins to break; now, thank God, it 
 IS dashed to pieces as a wave upon a rock and ebbs with bloody 
 spray and foam to the sheltered grounds beyond. 
 
 The corn-field is again won, but the ground is ridged with 
 the dead. 
 
 The gallant Hooker is now borne wounded from the field. 
 But on this there is no gai) made in field or staff that is not in- 
 stantly filled up. Sumner is at hand and bravely he rides into 
 Hooker's place, his white hair streaming in the wind, contrast- 
 ing with the fier}' flash of his eye as he hurries to the thickest of 
 the fight. 
 
 But the enemy has rallied again and strengthened by McLawb' 
 and Walker's divisions they advance upon our right, with 
 gleaming bayonets and terrible volleys bend and break our front 
 and hurling it back one-half the distance it had won. But the 
 wave recedes to advance again, for now Franklin comes, his 
 soldiers cheering as they run. They sweep the corn-field again 
 with a tempest of fire which no human power can withstand and 
 on to the woods beyond, from which the shattered lines of the 
 enemy retire, leaving the field wliich was four times lost and won 
 in the possession of the Union army. It is one o'clock. Burn- 
 side wrests the lower bridge from the gras[) of the enemy 
 who retieat to the heights. It is three o'clock. Burn- 
 side is cliaiging up the steep — the heights are carried — the Con- 
 federate right reeling from the shock falls backward almost to 
 Sharpsburg. Glorious triumph. But ohi how short lived. 
 
68 
 
 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK, 
 
 Another battle line appears, it is Hill's division, and another 
 hurricane of fire leaps from their cannon's mouths. Soi'oly 
 pressed Burnside sends for help and McClellan replies, "Tell 
 Gen. Burnside this is the battle of the war." 
 
 Meanwhile Franklin's batteries are playing- on the right like 
 the fires of ^Etna. Every hill top is crested with white clouds of 
 smoke. Upon four lines of battle shinestiuit splendid Septeinbei- 
 sun, as it sinks reddening in the west. The night approaches 
 bringing its truce to the dreadful fraj^ Darkness silences the 
 last gun and the dews of heaven fall upon a crimsoned earth, for 
 
 '^ With copious slaughter all the field was red 
 
 x\.nd heaped with growing mountains of the dead." 
 
 AFTER THE BATTLE. 
 
 The battle is over — the field of Antietaui has become the val- 
 ley of the shadow of death. Man is ephemeral ; the heavens 
 eternal. The stars that looked down upon that field of blood 
 were the same tlmt lit up the ghostly plains of Troy '' rough 
 with the dead bodies of ancient heroes. The moon whose silvery 
 radiance fell upon the up-turned faces of our dead was the same 
 that stood still in the Valley of Ajalon. The marvelous cano])y 
 of blue and gold that bent tenderly over that carnival of death 
 
 was the same 
 that V a u 1 1 e d 
 above the earth 
 at the command 
 of God "Let 
 there be a firma- 
 ment." The 
 night is past. 
 The first beam 
 of the rising sun 
 kisses the face 
 of 20, 000 Ameri- 
 can soldiers — 
 victors and van- 
 q u i s h e d. Oh 
 BURNSIDE'S BRiDiiE. God! wliat a har- 
 
 vest did the reapers gather that day. 
 
 "' So fought each host with thirst of glory fired, 
 And ciowds on crowds triumphantly expired." 
 
 THE FALLEN. 
 
 Of those who went down in that holocaust of death what can 
 we say. Vain are the eulogies of the living upon the brave men 
 
ANTIETAM. 69 
 
 wliom the Mile of battle swept to the skies from this liistoi-ic field. 
 They had the same spirit as Gustavus of Sweden, atLutzen when 
 he cried '' God is my harness." Tliey died in the noblest place 
 for man to die, '' at the post of duty ; not for themselves but for 
 their country." To their cliaracter our praise can add nothing ; 
 not to their valor, for it is immortal ; not to their patriotism, for 
 it is in the Recording Angel's book ; not to their endurance, foi- it 
 is embalmed in history's' page. Helpless to add a single flower 
 to the immortal wreaths that wnll forever crown their immoital 
 deeds, we resign them to their rest with the prayer of Pennsyl- 
 vania's sweet poet, on the field of Gettysburg: 
 
 " Take them, O fatherland ! 
 Who dying, conquered in thy name ; 
 Take them ; O God, our brave 
 The glad fulfillment of Thy dread decree, 
 WJio grasped the sword for peace and smote to save; 
 And dying here for freedom, died for Thee." 
 
 THE RESULTS OF THE BATTLE. 
 
 These were monstrous in extreme. On it was staked the 
 safety of Maryland and Washington, on one side ; the deliver- 
 ance of Maryland and an open highw ay for Lee to Philadelphia 
 on the other. Had not the rocks of Liberty and Union at Antie- 
 tam hurled back the waves of rebellion that surged against them 
 the battle of Gettysburg might have been fought in 1862. 
 
 Had not the depression that hung like a pall over the north 
 and bowed down the heart of our great president been lifted by 
 this great battle, how the duration of the war might have been 
 affected we cannot tell. But the sun that lit up the field with- 
 out a foe on the morning of the IStli of September, sent its beams 
 of light and joy into millions of hearts dispelling doubts, allay- 
 ing fears, insi)iring hope. For months a gi'cat question had 
 agitated the mind of the president. He felt that the rebellion 
 was vulnerable through slavery ; but the public mind Avas not 
 l^repared for it. Fifty thousand bayonets were in the Union 
 army fi-om the border States. Wrestling with this great ques- 
 tion day and night he at last declared " whatever shall appear to 
 be God's will I will do." Thus to our noble pilot at the helm, 
 the battle of Antietam was a break in the storm, a gleam of sun- 
 light through a rift in the clouds. He had watched the compass 
 of the popular mind. Two days after the battle, the North, 
 which had been swinging between hope and despair, recovered 
 its conrage, and on the wings of praise and thanksgiving mil- 
 
70 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 lions of hearts went up to God. The liour has come. The 
 nation has been lifted nearer the great source of truth and can 
 now see eye to eye with Him. 
 
 Who in the fear of God didst bare the sword of power — a 
 nation's trust and who with prayer upon his lips gives his 
 answer to the invasion of State, by the armies of the rebellion. 
 That proclamation -'timers noblest acf^ received the approval of 
 men and the gracious favor of God ; and the war for the fii'st 
 time assumed its real chai-acter. At the close of the battle of 
 Valmy, Gothe said, "From this time and from this place com- 
 mences a new era in the world's history and you can all say you 
 were present at its birth." From this place and from the day 
 we commemorate is a new era in American history and thousands 
 of Amei-ican soldiers can say " we were present at its birth." 
 When the struggle for the Union was thus elevated, when men saw 
 that the hopes of humanity hung upon a battle, it seemed that 
 the heavens became more propitious, until joyful peace extin- 
 guished the camp fires on the last battlefield and the republic 
 marched with stately tread over the elevated plain which had 
 become the theater of the grandest drama in human history, 
 whose acts followed by inevitable logic until the nation borrowed 
 the mighty words of Sinai's burning mount : "Proclaim liberty 
 throughout all the land, unto all the inhabitants thereof; " sub- 
 lime consummation. The whole earth felt the instantaneous 
 thrill as the sun of freedom burst in full-orbed splendor upon the 
 new world, sending beams parallel with the eternal law into the 
 remotest refuge of oppression. 
 
 "For mankind are one in spirit and an instinct beats along 
 Bound the earth's electric circle the swift flash of right and 
 
 wi-ong, 
 Whether conscious or unconscious, yet humanities vast frame 
 Through its ocean sundered fibers feels the gush of joy or 
 
 shame. 
 In the gain or loss of one race, all the rest have an equal claim." 
 
 Crowned thus with the artist's last band the column of Ameri- 
 can liberty stands surmounted with the presiding genius of the 
 work, with outstretched hands invoking and receiving the 
 blessings of God. Thus is exhibited the effects of the battle of 
 Antietam — a rich heritage of glory whose lustre is as fadeless 
 and whose life is as perennial as the stars. 
 
 THE VEIL LIFTED. 
 
 At last the veil was lifted and displayed an exalted mission 
 
ANTIETAM, 
 
 71 
 
 and splendid destiny lor the republic. As yon silent sentinel 
 (pointing- to the statue) watches the honored dead, so we will 
 guard the priceless legacies left us. Oh ! my countrymen, do we 
 realize the task imposed ui)on us. Ai'c we fit for the exalted 
 service ? This question is propounded, by the field of Antietam, 
 to the nation today. If the patriotism of all sections answers 
 yea, then the American rei)ublic shall stand a monument to its 
 patriot dead when pyi'amids are not and the Karnak is forgotten. 
 
 OUR COUNTRY. 
 
 What is onr country that we should be thus mindful of it ? 13 
 Colonies have groMn into 38 Commonwealths. The 3,000,000 
 have multiplied into 50,000,000, obeying one law, having one 
 country. Our commerce whitens every sea ; railroads span tlie 
 
 continent ; the tele- 
 graph makes every 
 community the 
 centre of the worlds 
 chronicles. O u r 
 science and inven- 
 tion augment man's 
 power. Here the 
 A^ery child can be 
 educated. At the 
 recent exhibition 
 of various and mul- 
 tiplied industiies, 
 we competed with 
 the world and our 
 products were 
 peerless. The clus- 
 tered trophies of the world's conquest in science and art. manufac- 
 tures and agriculture were side by side in friendly rivalship. on 
 our own soil and amidst them all the young Eepublic of America 
 rose in queenly majesty and stood pi'oudly eminent. 
 
 MORAL GREATNESS AND MACiNANIMITV. 
 
 Those deeds of kindness pei'foi-med with e(pud tenderness, 
 whether to i-elieve the wracking pain of mutilated soldier in blue 
 or to cool the fevered brow of one clad in gray, wei-e pinions on 
 which many loyal souls. North and South, rose ;is on bright 
 wings toward Heaven. Thus above all questions of time and 
 sense, above the Union, above rebellion, was the boundless com- 
 
 DUNKARDS CHURCH. ON HAGERSTOWN PIKE. 
 
72 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 passion of the human soul illuminating with the light of divine 
 actions the dark precipice of civil strife. 
 
 And when the greatest living soldier laid his conquering 
 sword on the capital of the Confederacy and received the sur- 
 render of Gen. Lse, and when the curtain fell before the tragedy 
 of the rebellion, voicing the sentiment of the Xorth, he said, 
 ''Lay down your arms and go to your homes on the parole of 
 honor," and the nation said " Go and sin no more." The great 
 Ctesar wrote to a friend that the chief enjoyment he had of his 
 victory, was of seeing every day one or other of his fellow citi- 
 zens who had borne arms against him. 
 
 LESSONS or THE BATTLE. 
 
 The great lesson is that we strive for a standard of moral inde- 
 pendence, political integrity, obedience and loyalty which will 
 guarantee a citizenship at once independent, incorruptible, 
 obedient to law and loyal to the public weal. Without a vigor- 
 ous, noble and true manhood, though our empire reach from sea 
 to sea, we are a rope of sand. 
 
 " 111 fares the land, to hastening ills a prey 
 
 Where wealth accumulates and men decay." ' 
 
 RECONCILIATION. 
 
 Reconciliation and forgiveness are as important now as were 
 heroism and valor in the hour of our country's peril. If there 
 remains upon the Union a single strain of sectional hate let us 
 not rest until it is wiped away. After the surrender Gen. Lee 
 made the great speech of his life ; he said, ''soldiers we have done 
 our duty and we know it ; now let us go home and be good citi- 
 zens." The nation's silent chieftains also said, "Let us have 
 peace." The prayer we utter from Antietam to-day is, "Let 
 us have peace." Let us be good citizens. From the hearts of 
 l^atriots everywhere, attuned to the same melody, is lifted up 
 the glad refrain — celestial choirs prolong the joyful chorus, until 
 the spirits of our martyred dead send back tlie swelling anthem, 
 " Let us have peace ; let us be good citizens." 
 
 Thus may a true unity of patriotic faith be restored in all 
 hearts that are noiv loyal, and the people North and South rising 
 above the mists of eaith — the smoke of battle — the clouds of re- 
 sentment and hate into the golden sunlight of their better natures, 
 will find their rock of reconciliation in the reflection that the 
 dark and stormy path of war was the way of light to a redeemed 
 and i-egenerated republic. 
 
AlS'TIETASl. 
 
 ■73 
 
 HOPES OF THE FUTURE. 
 
 Havin,ii- indulged some reilectious wliich emanated from this 
 .occasion: having- witnessed tliis solemn " guard mounting" 
 over the dead ; having dedicated this colossal soldier to his high 
 task and been ourselves dedicated to a.yet higher and holier one, 
 uiay we not, ^vithout invokiug the necromancer or astrologer, 
 without searching among the silent stars, but from a considera- 
 tion of the past and present alone, predict for the future of our 
 country a career fai" transcending in the grandeur of its achieve- 
 ments anything the world has yet attained, 
 "That cast in some diviner mould 
 The new cycle shaU shame the old.'"' 
 Animated by these views and inspired by these lb o;pes, Ameri- 
 cans can hold fast their laith, that while this granite sentinel 
 
 shall hold his silent 
 w^atch above these 
 graves, 3'ea, wheuthe 
 battle of time shall 
 have cut him down 
 also, and his dust shall 
 have mingled with 
 that of the dead be- 
 neath him, the Ee- 
 public, guided by 
 principles that follow 
 iu the wake of Chris- 
 tianity as verdure fol- 
 lows the sun, freighted 
 with golden triumphs 
 of the past and led by 
 faith in au immortal 
 destiny, "as by a 
 pillar of cloud by day and of fire by night," will continue her 
 majestic march down the centuries, plucking new laurels and 
 winning new victories for man and government, until, ripe with 
 years and a completed destiny, she lays the finished crown other 
 glory at the feet of Jehovah at the jubilee of eternity. 
 
 BLOODY LANE, EAST OF HAGERSTOWN PIKE. 
 
74 SOUVE.NIB AND GUIDE BOOIv. 
 
 Official Reports of Major-General Geo. B» McCIellan o£ 
 the Battles of South Mountain and Antietam. 
 
 Headquaetees, Neae Shaepsbueg, Md., 
 
 Sept. 29, 1862. 
 I have the honor to repoi-t the following as some of the results; 
 of the battles of South Mountain and Antietam ; At South 
 Mountain our loss was 443 killed, 1,806 wounded, and 76 mis- 
 sing; total, 2,325. At Antietam our loss was 2,010 killed, 
 9,416 wounded, and 1,043 missing ; total, 12,469. Total loss in 
 the two battles, 14,794, (but see revised statement of casualties. > 
 The loss of the rebels in the two battles, as near as can be ascer- 
 tained from the number of their dead found upon the field, and 
 from other data, will not fall short of the following estimate: 
 Major Davis, assistant inspector-general, who superintends the 
 burial of the dead, reports about 3,000 rebels buried upon the 
 field of Antietam by our own troops. Previous to this, how- 
 ever, the rebels had buried many of their own dead upon the dis- 
 tant portion of the battlefield, which they occupied after the 
 battle — probably at least 500. The loss of the rebels at South 
 Mountain cannot be ascertained with accui-acy ; but as our 
 troops continually drove them from the commencement of the 
 action, and a much greater number of their dead were seen on 
 the field than oui- own men, it is not unreasonable to suppose 
 that their loss was greater than ours. Estimating their killed at 
 500, the total rebel killed in the two battles would be 4,000, ac- 
 cording to the ratio of our own killed and wounded. This would 
 make their loss in wounded 18,742, as nearly as can be deter- 
 mined at this time. The number of j^risoners taken by our 
 troops in the two battles will, at the lowest estimate, amount to 
 5,000. The full returns will no doubt show a lai-ger numlier. 
 Of these about 1,200 are wounded. This gives the rebel lovss in 
 killed and wounded and prisoners 25,542. It will be observed 
 that this does not include their stragglers, the number of whom 
 is said by citizens here to be large. It may be safely concluded, 
 therefore, that the Eebel army lost 30,000 of their best troops 
 during their brief campaign in Maryland. From the time our 
 troops first encountered the enemy in Maryland, until he was 
 driven back into Virginia, we captured 13 guns, 7 caissons, 9 
 limbers, 2 field forges, 2 caisson bodies, 39 colors, and 1 signal 
 flag. We have not lost a single gun or color on the battlefield 
 of Antietam. Fourteen thousand small arms were collected, be- 
 sides the large number carried off by citizens and those distributed 
 
ANTIETAM, 75 
 
 on the groTind to reeraits and other unarmed men arriving imme- 
 diately after the battle. At South Mountain no colleetion of 
 small arms was made, owing to the haste of the pursuit from that 
 point. Four hundred were taken on the opposite side of the 
 Potomac 
 
 Geo. B. McClellan, 
 Mnjor-General Commanding, 
 Major-Gex. Haleeck, General-in -chief. 
 
 General Orders, Xo. 160. 
 
 Headquarters Army of the Potomac, 
 Camp Near Sharpsburg, Md., Oct. Srd, 1862. 
 
 The commanding general extends his congratulations to the 
 army inKkr his command for the victories achieved by their 
 bravery at the passes of the South Mountain and upon the 
 Antietam Creek. The brilliant conduct of Reno's and Hooker's 
 corps under Burnside, at Turner's Gap, and of Franklin's corps 
 at Crampton's Pass, in which, in the face of an enemy strong in 
 position and resisting with obstinacy, they carried the mountain 
 and prepared the way for the advance of the army, won for 
 them the admiration of their brethren in ai-ms. 
 
 In the memorable battle of Antietam we defeated a numerous 
 and powerful army of the enemy, in an action desperately fought 
 and remarkable for its duration and for the destruction of life 
 which attended it. The obstinate bravery of the troops of 
 Hooker, Mansfield and Sumner, the dashing gallantry of those 
 of Franklin on the right, the sturdy valor of those of Burnside 
 on the left, and the vigorous support of Porter and Pleasanton, 
 present a brilliant spectacle to our countrymen which will swell 
 their hearts with pride and exultation. Fourteen guns, 39 
 colors, 15,500 stands of arms, and nearly 6,000 prisoners taken 
 from the enemy, are evidences of the completeness of our 
 triumph. A grateful country will thank this noble army for 
 acliievemeuts which have rescued the loyal States of the East 
 from the ravages of the invader and have driven him from their 
 borders. 
 
 AVhile rejoicing at the victories which, under God's blessing, 
 have crowned our exertions, let us cherish the memory of our 
 brave companions who have laid down their lives upon the 
 battlefield, martyrs in their country's cause, their names will 
 ever be enshrined in the hearts of the people. 
 
 By command of 
 ' Major-General McCLELLAX. 
 
 S. Williams, Assistant Adjutaut-Geueral. 
 
7'6 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOIT, 
 
 General Lee, in bis official report to President Davis, says of 
 these battles : 
 
 Sharpsbueg, Md., Sept. IGtli, 1862. 
 
 Mr. President : My letter to yon of the 18tb instant in- 
 formed yon of the positions of the different divisi^ons of tliis arni3%. 
 Learning that night that Harper's Ferry had not surrendered, 
 and th-at the enemy was advancing more rapidly tlian was con- 
 venient from Fredericktown, I determined to i-etnrn with Long- 
 street's command to the Elne Ridge, to strengthen D. H. Hill's 
 and Stuart's divisions, engaged in holding the passes of the 
 mountains, lest the enemy should fall upon McLaws' rear, drive 
 him from the Maryland Heights, and thus relieve the gai-rison 
 at Harper's Ferry. On approaching Boonsboro, I received 
 information from General D. H. Hill that the eUemy in strong- 
 force was at the main pass on the Frederick and Hagerstown 
 road^ pressing him so heavily as to reqnire immediate re-infoi-ce- 
 ments. Longstreet advanced rapidly to his support and imme- 
 diately placed his troops in j)osition. By this time Hill's right 
 had been forced back, the gallant Garland having fallen in rally- 
 ing his brigade. Under Gen. Longstreefs directions, our right 
 was soon restored and firmly resisted the attacks of the enemy 
 to the last. His superior numbers enabled him to extend be- 
 yond both of our fl^mks, and his right was able to reach the sum- 
 mit of the mountain to our left and press ns heavily in that di- 
 rection. The battle raged until aftei- nigrht. The enemy's efforts, 
 to force a passage were resisted, but we had been unable to re- 
 pulse him. Learning later in the evening' that Crampton's Gap, 
 (on the direct road from Fredericktowu to Sharpsburg, ) had 
 been forced, and McLaws' reiir thus tlireatened, and believing 
 from a report from Gen. Jackson tliat Harper's Ferry would fall 
 next morning, I determined to withdraw Longstreet and D. H, 
 Hill from their positions and retire to the vicinity of Sharps- 
 burg, where the army could be more easily united. Before 
 abandoning the position, indications led me to believe that the 
 enemy was withdrawing, but learning from a prisoner that Sum- 
 ner's corps, (which had not been engaged,) was being iiut in 
 position to relieve their wearied troops, while the most of ours 
 were exhausted by a fatiguing march and a hard conflict, and I 
 feared would be unable to renew the fight successfully in the 
 morning, confirmed me in my determination. Accordingly, 
 the troops were withdrawn, preceded by the trains, without mo- 
 lestation by the enemy, and about daybreak took position in 
 front of this place. The enemy did not pass through the gap 
 
antieta:m. 77 
 
 until about 8 o'clock of the moi-iiing after the battle, and tlicir 
 advance reached a position in IVont of us about 2 p.m. Before 
 their arrival, I received intelligence from (4en. Jackson th:;t 
 Harper's Ferry had surrendered early in the morning. From a 
 more detailed statement furnished by Gen. Jackson's Adjutant- 
 General, it apj)eai's that 4!) i)ieces of artillery, 24 mountain how- 
 itzers and 17 revohing guns, 11,000 men fit for duty (consisting 
 of twelve regiments of infantiy, tlii-ee companies of cavalry, and 
 six companies of artillery,) together with 11.000 small arms, 
 were the fruits of this victory. 
 
 Part of Gen. Jackson's corps has reached ns and the rest are 
 approaching, except Gen. A. P. HilTs division, left at Harper's 
 Ferry to guard the place and take care of public property. The 
 enemy have made no attack u\) to this afternoon, but are in force 
 in our front. This victory of the indomitable Jackson and his 
 troops gives us renewed occasion for gratitude to Almighty God 
 for His guidance and protection. 
 
 I am, with high respect, your obedient servant, 
 
 E. E, Lee, General. 
 His Excellency, President Davis. 
 
 Headquaeters, Sharpsburg, Md., Sept. 18th, 1862. 
 Mr. President: On the afternoon of the 16th instant the 
 enemy, who, you were informed on that day, was in oui- front, 
 opened a light tire of artillery upon our line. Early next morn- 
 ing it was renewed in earnest, and large masses of the Federal 
 troops that had crossed the Antietam above our position assem- 
 bled on our left and threatened to overwhelm us. They advanced 
 in three compact lines. The divisions of Generals McLaws, E. 
 H. Anderson, A. P. Hill and Walker had not arrived the pie- 
 vious night, as I had hoped, and were still beyond the Potomac. 
 Generals Jackson's and Ewell's divisions were thrown to the 
 left of Generals D. H, Hill and Longstreet. The enemy ad- 
 vanced between the Antietam and Sharpsburg and Hagerstown 
 turnpike, and was met by Gen. Hill's and the left of Gen. Long- 
 street's division, where the contest raged tierceh', extending to 
 our entire left. The enemy was driven back and held in check, 
 but before the divisions of McLaws, Anderson and Walker, wlu* 
 upon their arrival on the morning of the 17th wei'e advanced to 
 support the left wing and center, could be brought into action, 
 that portion of our lines was forced back by superior numbers. 
 The line, after a severe conflict, was restored and the enemy 
 driven back, and our position maintained during the rest of the 
 
78 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 day. In the afternoon the enemy advanced on our right, where 
 Gen. Jones' division was posted, who handsomely maintained 
 his position. Gen. Toombs' brigade, guarding the bridge over 
 Antietam Creek, (known as Burnside Bridge) gallantly resisted 
 the approach of the enemy ; but his superior numbers enabling 
 him to extend his left, he crossed below the bridge, and assumed 
 a threatening attitude on our right, which fell back in confusion. 
 By this time, between 3 and 4 p. m.. Gen. A. P. Hill, with five 
 of his brigades, reached the scene of action, drove the enemy im- 
 mediately from the position they had taken, and continued the 
 contest until dark, restoring our right and maintaining our 
 ground. 
 
 E. E. LEE, General Commanding. 
 His Excellency, President Davis, Richmond, Va. 
 
 Headquarters Army of Northern Virginia, 
 
 September 20th, 1862. 
 
 Sir : Since my last letter to you of the 18th, finding the 
 enemy indisposed to make an attack on that day, and our posi- 
 tion being a bad one to hold with the river in rear, I determined 
 to cross the army to the Virginia side. This was done at night 
 successfully, nothing being left behind, unless it may have been 
 some disabled guns or brokeu-down wagons, and the morning of 
 the 19th found us satisfactorily over on the south bank of the 
 Potomac, near Sliepherdstown, when the army was immediately 
 put in motion toward Williamsport. Before crossing the river, 
 in order to threaten the enemy on his right and rear and make 
 him apprehensive for his communications, I sent the cavalry 
 forward to Williamsport, which they successfully occupied. At 
 night the infantry sharp-shooters left, in conjunction with Gen- 
 eral Pendleton's Artillery, to hold the ford below Shepherds- 
 town, gave back, and the enemy's cavalry took possession of 
 that town, and from General Pendleton's report after midnight, 
 I fear much of his reserve artillery has been captured. I am 
 now obliged to return to Shepherdstown, with the intention of 
 driving the enemy back, if not in position with his whole army ; 
 but, if in full force, I think an attack would be inadvisable, and 
 I shall make other dispositions. 
 
 I am, with high respect, your obedient servant, 
 
 R. E. LEE, General. 
 
 His excellency, Jefferson Davis, Richmond, Va. 
 
ANTIETAM. « H 
 
 ORGAIS^IZATIOX OF THE AEMY OF THE POTOMAC. 
 
 MAJOR-GENERAL GPiO. B. MCCLELLAN, U. S. ARMY, 
 COMMAXDINCt, SEPT. 14 TO 17, 1862. 
 
 GEXEKAL HEADQUARTEK8. 
 
 ESCORT. 
 
 Capt. James B. McIntyke. 
 
 Independent Company, Oneida, (N'ew York) Cavalry, Capt. 
 
 Daniel P. ]Maun. 
 4th U. S. Cavalry, Company A, Lieut. Thomas H. McCoriniek. 
 4th U. S. Cavalry, Company E, Capt. Jas. B. 31clntyre. 
 VOLUNTEER EXGI:NtEER BRIGADE, 
 Brig. -Gen. Daniel P. Woodberky. 
 15th New York, Col. John McL. Murphy. 
 50th Xew York, Lieut. -Col. William H. Pettes. 
 
 REGULAR ENGINEER BATTALION, 
 
 Capt. James C. Duane. 
 
 PROVOST GUARD, 
 
 Major AVilliam H. Wood. 
 2nd U. S. Cavalry, Companies E, F, H and K, Capt. Geo. A. 
 
 Gordon. 
 8th U. S. Infantry, Companies A, D, F and G, Capt. Royal T. 
 
 Frank. 
 19th U. S. Infantry, Company G, Capt. Edmund L. Smith. 
 19th U. S. Infantry, Company H, Capt. Henry S. Welton. 
 
 HEADQUARTERS' GUARD, 
 major Granville O. Haller. 
 Sturge's (Illinois) Rifles, Capt. James Steel. 
 93rd New York, Lieut. -Col. Benjamin C. Butler. 
 
 QUARTERMASTER'S GUARD, 
 
 1st U. S. Cavahy, Companies B, C and I, Capt. Marcus A. Reno. 
 FIRST ARMY CORPS: 
 
 1. Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, (Wounded Sept. 17th.) 
 
 2. Brig. -Gen. George A. Meade. 
 
 ESCORT, 
 2nd New York Cavalry, Companies A, B, I and Iv, Capt. John 
 E. Nay lor. 
 
 FIRST DIVISION, 
 
 Brig. -Gen. Abnei- Doubleday. 
 
80 SOUVENIR AXD GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 SECOND DIVISIOX. 
 Brig.-Geu. James B. Eicket. 
 
 THIRD DIVISION. 
 
 1, Brig.-Geu. George G. Meade, (1st Corps.) 
 
 2. Brig. -Gen. Tiuinan Seymour. 
 
 SECOND CORPS. 
 Maj.-Geu. Edwin Y. Sumner. 
 
 ESCORT. 
 6th Xew York Cavalry, Company D, Capt. Henry ^Y. Lyon. 
 6tti Xew York Cavalry, Company K, Capt. Riley Johnson. 
 
 FIRST DIVISION. 
 
 1. Maj.-Gen. Israel B. Richardson, (Wounded September 17th.) 
 
 2. Brig.-Geu. John C. Caldwell, 1st Brigade. 
 
 3. Brig.-Geu. Winfield S. Hancock. 
 
 1st, 2nd and 3rd Brigades, consisting of 14 Regiments Infantry, 
 2 Batteries Artillery. 
 
 SECOND DIVISION. 
 
 1. Major-Gen. John Sedgwick, (Wounded September 17th.) 
 
 2. Brig.-Geu. Oliver O. Howard. 
 
 1st, 2ud and 3rd Brigades, consisting of 13 Regiments Infantry, 
 
 2 Companies Sharp-shooters, 2 Batteries Artillery. 
 
 THIRD DIVISION. 
 
 Beig.-Gex. William H. French. 
 
 1st, 2ud and 3rd Brigades, consisting of 10 Regiments Infantry, 
 
 3 Batteries Artillery. 
 
 FOURTH ARMY CORPS. 
 
 FIRST DIVISION, 
 Ma J. -Gen. Darius N. Couch. 
 1st, 2nd and 3rd Brigades, consisting of 15 Regiments Infantry, 
 
 4 Batteries Artillery, assigned to 6th Corps, as the 3rd 
 Division, September 26, 1862. 
 
 FIFTH ARMY CORPS. 
 
 Ma.i.-Gen. Fitz John Porter. 
 
 ESCORT. 
 
 1st Maine Cavalr3% detachment, Capt. Geo. J. Summat. 
 
 FIRST DIVISION, 
 
 Maj.-Gen. Geo. W. Morrell. 
 
 1st, 2ud and 3id Brigades, consisting of 19 Regiments Infantry, 
 
ANTIETAM. 81 
 
 3 Companies Sharp-shooters, 3 Batteries Artillery. 
 SECOND DIVISIOX, 
 Brig.-Gex. George Sykes. 
 
 1st, 2ik1 and 3i-(l Brigades, consisting of 10 United States Bat- 
 talions lufantr}', 2 Regiments Infantry, 3 Batteries Artillery. 
 THIRD DIVISION, 
 Brig.-Gex. Andrew A. Humphreys. 
 
 1st and 2nd Brigades, consisting of 8 Pennsylvania Regiments 
 Infantry, 2 Batteries Artillery. (This Division was organ- 
 ized September 12th, and reached the battlefield September 
 18th.) 
 
 ARTILLERY RESERVE, 
 
 Lieut. -Col. William Hays. 
 
 5 Battalions New York Light Batteries, 2 United States Batteries, 
 
 SIXTH ARMY CORPS : 
 
 Maj. -William B. Franklin. 
 
 ESCORT, 
 
 6th Pennsylvania Cavalr3% Companies B and G, Cai)t. Henrj' 
 P. Muirheid. 
 
 FIRST DIVISION, 
 Maj. -Gen. Henry W. Slocum. 
 
 1st, 2nd and 3rd Brigades, consisting of 12 Regiments Infantry, 
 4 Batteries Artillery. 
 
 SECOND DIVISION, 
 Maj. -Gen. William F. Smith. 
 1st, 2nd and 3rd Brigades, consisting of 15 Regiments Infantry, 
 3 Batteries Artillery. 
 
 NINTH ARMY CORPS: 
 
 1. Maj. -Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside, (commanding left wing.) 
 
 2. Maj. -Gen. Jesse L. Reno, (killed September llth.) 
 
 3. Brig. -Gen. Jacob D. Cox. 
 
 ESCORT, 
 1st Maine Cavalry, Company G, Capt. Zebulon B. Bletheu. 
 FIRST DIVISION, 
 
 Brig. -Gen. Orlando B. Willcox. 
 
82 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK, 
 
 1st and 2nd Brigades, consistino- of 8 Regiments Infantry, 2' 
 Batteries Artillery. 
 
 SECOND DIVISION^ 
 Brig. -Gen, Samuel D. Sturgis. 
 
 1st and 2nd Brigades, consisting of S Regiments Infantry, 2: 
 Batteries Artillery. 
 
 THIRD DIVISION, 
 Brig. -Gen. Isaac P. Rodman, (wonnded September 17th.) 
 
 1st and 2nd Brigades, consisting of 7 Regiments Infantry. 1 
 Battery (5th U. S.) Artillery. 
 
 KANAWHA DIVISION, 
 
 1. Brig. -Gen Jacob D. Cox. 
 
 2. Col. Eliakim P, Scammon, 
 
 1st and 2nd Brigades, consisting of 6 Regiments Infantry, 4 
 Companies Cavalry, 3 Batteries Artillery. 
 
 TWELFTH ARMY CORPS: 
 
 1. Maj.-Gen. Joseph K. F. Mansfield, (killed September 17th. > 
 
 2. Brig. -Gen. Alpheus S. Williams. 
 
 ESCORT, 
 1st Michigan Cavalry, Company L, Capt. Melvin Brewer. 
 FIRST DIVISION, 
 
 1. Brig. -Gen. Alpheus S. Williams. 
 
 2. Brig. -Gen. Samuel W. Crawford, (wounded September 17th.) 
 
 3. Brig. -Gen. Geo. H. Gordon. 
 
 1st and 2nd Brigades, consisting of 10 Regiments Infantry. 
 
 SECOND DIVISION, 
 
 Brig. -Gen. Geo. S. Greene. 
 
 1st, 2ud and 3rd Brigades, consisting of 13 Regiments Infantry, 
 7 Batteries Artillery. 
 
 CAVALRY DIVISION, 
 
 Brig. -Gen. Alfred Pleasanton. 
 
 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Brigades, consisting of 14 Battalions 
 Cavalry, 4 Batteries Artillery. 
 
ANTIETAM, 83 
 
 <^oega:n^ization^ of the aemy of northern va., 
 
 GENERAL KOBERT E. LEE, COMMANDING DURING THE 
 MARYLAND CAMPAIGN. 
 
 LONGSTREET'S CORPS: 
 
 MAJOR-GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET. 
 
 Major- General Lafayette McLaws' Division, consisting, 
 
 Kershaw's Brigade, 4 Regiments. 
 
 Semmes' '^ 4 '^ 
 
 Colfe' " 4 '^ 
 
 Barksdale's *' 4 " 
 
 Majors. P. Hamilton, ) ^ ,. __, ,, . . ^.,- 
 
 Captain H. C. Cabelli | ^^"'^"^"^"^^^^^^^"^^^^^'^l^^y^ 
 
 Major-General Richard H. Anderson's Division, consistiug, 
 Wilcox's Brigade, 4 Regiments. 
 Armstead's '^ 5 '^ 
 
 Mahone's '' 5 " 
 
 Pryor's ^^ 4 ^^ 
 
 Featherstone's " 4 " 
 
 Wright's '< 4 " 
 
 Major John S.Saunders, Commanding 4 Batteries Artillery* 
 
 Brigadier- General David R. Jones' Division, consisting, 
 Toombs' Brigade, 4 Regiments. 
 Drayton's " 3 '' 
 
 Pickett's " 5 
 
 Jenkins' " 5 " 
 
 Anderson's " 5 *' 
 
 Four Batteries Artillery, (Virginia. ) 
 
 Brigadier-General John G. Walker's Division, consisting. 
 Walker's Brigade, 5 Regiments and 1 Battery. 
 Ransom's " 4 ^^ ^^ 1 u 
 
 Brigadier-General John, B. Hood's Division, consisting, 
 Hood's Brigade, 4 Regiments. 
 Laws' " 4 " 
 
 Evans' " 5 " 
 
 Major B. W. Trobel, Commanding 3 Batteries Artillery. 
 Colonel J. B. Walton's, Washington, (Louisiana,) 4 Comj)anies 
 Artillery. 
 
 Colonel S. D. Lee's Battalion, G Batteries Artillery. 
 
84 SOITYENIE AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 JACKSOI^'S COEPS : 
 
 MAJOR-GENEEAL THOMAS J. JACKSON. 
 Major- General EwelPs Division, consisting, 
 
 Lawton's Brigade, 6 Eegiuients. 
 
 Trnmble's " 5. • '' 
 
 Early's " 7 " 
 
 Hays^ " 5 " 
 
 Major A.R. Courtney, Commanding, 7 Batteries Artillery, 
 Major-General Ambrose P. HilFs Light Division,, 
 
 Brancbe's Brigade, 5 Regiments. 
 
 Archer's 
 
 
 5 
 
 Gregg's 
 
 
 5 
 
 Pender^s 
 
 
 4 
 
 Field^s 
 
 
 4 
 
 Thomas' 
 
 
 4 
 
 Major E. L. Walker, Commanding, 7 Batteries Artillery. 
 Major-General Jackson's Division, consisting. 
 Winder'' s Brigade, 5 Regiments, 
 Jones' '' 4 " 
 
 Taliaferro's '' 5 " 
 
 Starke's " 6 '' 
 
 Major L. M, Shoemaker, Comuiandiug. 6 Batteries Artillery. 
 Major-General David H. Hill's Division, consisting, 
 Eipley's Brigade, 4 Eegiments. 
 Garland's " 5 " 
 Eode's " 5 
 
 Anderson's "4 " 
 Colquitt's "5 " 
 Major Pierson, Commanding, 4 Batteries Artillery. 
 Brigadier- General William K. Pendleton, (chief command) Ee- 
 serve Artillery. 
 
 Brown's Battalion, 5 Batteries. 
 Jones' "' 4 'i 
 
 Cutt's '' 5 '' 
 
 Nelson's " 5 " 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS : 
 Five Batteries Virginia Artillery. 
 Major-General James E. B. Stewart, Cavalry, consisting, 
 Hampton' s Brigade, 5 Eegiments. 
 Lee's " 5 " 
 
 Robertson's " 5 " 
 
 Capt. John Pelham, Commanding, 3 Batteries Horse Artillery. 
 
ANTIETAM. 
 
 85 
 
 
 Killsd 
 
 Wounded 
 
 Captured 
 or Missing 
 
 
 Return of Casualties in the Union 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Forces in tiie Battle of Antietam 
 
 
 
 
 g 
 
 •L* 
 
 <L) 
 
 on the i6th and 17 of Sept., 1862. 
 
 '71 
 
 
 !/) 
 
 "2^ ^ 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 
 iJ 
 
 
 1) 
 
 
 <u 
 
 
 (U 
 
 
 (J 
 
 (« 
 
 U 
 
 10 
 
 •~j 
 
 '/) 
 
 i^ 
 
 
 m 
 
 c 
 
 5e 
 
 '— 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■— 
 
 be 
 
 
 
 
 LU 
 
 
 
 'jj 
 
 
 
 lij 
 
 < 
 
 First Corps, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Maj.-Gen. Joseph Hooker, (Sept. 17,) 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 Brig. -Gen. Geo. G. Meade. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 First '^Diviswi/, 
 
 . 10 
 
 130 
 
 34 604 
 
 
 34 
 
 812 
 
 Brig. -Gen. Abner Doubleday. , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Second T>tvision, 
 
 6 
 
 166 
 
 43 
 
 903 
 
 
 86 
 
 1204 
 
 Brig. -(Jen. James B. Rickets. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I bird T)iviswn, 
 
 9 
 
 96 
 
 22 
 
 444 
 
 
 2 
 
 573 
 
 I. Brig. -Gen. George G. Meade, (i C'ps) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2, Brig. -Gen. Truman Seymour. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total, First Army Corps, 
 
 25 
 
 392 
 
 100 
 
 1951 
 
 
 122 
 
 2590 
 
 Second Corps, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Major-Gen. Edwin V. Sumner. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Staff. 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 First T)ivision, 
 
 19 
 
 191 
 
 46 
 
 893 
 
 
 16 
 
 1 165 
 
 I. Maj.-Gen. .srael B. Richardson, (17.) 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 2. Brig. -Gen. John C. Caldwell. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3. Brig. -Gen. Winfield S. Hancock. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Second Division. 
 
 23 
 
 350 
 
 801513 
 
 3 241 
 
 2210 
 
 I. Maj.-Gen. John Sedgwick, (17.) 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 2. Brig. -Gen. Oliver G. Howard. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tliird ^Division, 
 
 21 278 
 
 60 1255 
 
 136 
 
 1750 
 
 Brig. -Gen. William H. French. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Unattached t/lrtillejy. 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 9l i 
 
 10 
 
 Total, Second Army Corps, 
 
 63 
 
 820 
 
 188 
 
 3671 
 
 3 
 
 393 
 
 5138 
 
 Fourtli Corps — First Division, 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 Maj.-Gen. Darius N. Couch. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (Not engaged in the battle proper.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fiftli Corps, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Maj.-Gen. Fitz John Porter. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (only a portion of the Corps engaged.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Second Division, 
 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 83 
 
 
 I 
 
 98 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Geo. Sykes. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Artillerv T^e serve, 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 I 
 
 II 
 
 Lieut.-Col.' William Hays. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total Fifth Army Corps. 
 
 I 
 
 16 
 
 2 
 
 88 
 
 
 2 
 
 109 
 
 Sixth Corps, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Maj.-Gen. William B. Franklin. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Staff. 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 First Division, 
 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 56 
 
 
 2 
 
 65 
 
 Maj.-Gen. Henry W. Slocum. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Second ^Division, 
 
 7 
 
 58 
 
 20 
 
 257 
 
 2 
 
 29 
 
 473 
 
 Maj.-Gen. William F. Smith, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total, Sixth Army Corps, 
 
 8 
 
 63 
 
 22 
 
 313 
 
 2 
 
 31 
 
 439 
 
86 
 
 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 Casualties in tlie Union Forces, &c., 
 continued. Major-Gen. Burn- 
 side commanding left wing. 
 
 Killed 
 
 Wounded 
 
 Capt 
 
 ured 1 
 
 
 
 
 or Missing 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 IL) 
 
 
 dJ 
 
 
 (U 
 
 w 
 
 
 en 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (fl 
 
 
 (/) 
 
 5e 
 
 c 
 
 S£ 
 
 — 
 
 5£ 
 
 
 o 
 
 tJJ 
 
 O 
 
 m 
 
 O 
 
 UJ 
 
 < 
 
 MW//^ Corps, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Jacob D. Cox. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 First Division, 
 
 2 
 
 44 
 
 20 
 
 265 
 
 
 7 
 
 338 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Orlando B. Willcox. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Second Division, 
 
 9 
 
 127 
 
 33 
 
 499 
 
 
 II 
 
 679 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Samuel D. Sturgis. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Third Division, 
 
 8 
 
 212 
 
 41 
 
 746 
 
 
 70 
 
 1077 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Isaac P. Rodman. 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Kanawha Division, 
 
 5 
 
 31 
 
 4 
 
 188 
 
 2 
 
 25 
 
 255 
 
 Col. Eliakim B. Scammon. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total, Ninth Army Corps, 
 
 24 
 
 414 
 
 99 
 
 1698 
 
 2 
 
 113 
 
 2349 
 
 Twelfth Corps, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I. Maj.-Gen. Joseph K. F. Mansfield. 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2. Brig.-Gen. Alpheus S. Williams. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 First Division, 
 
 9 
 
 150 
 
 37 
 
 827 
 
 
 54 
 
 1077 
 
 I. Brig.-Gen. Alpheus S. Williams. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2. Brig.-Gen. Samuel W. Crawford. 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 3- Brig.-Gen. Geo. H. Gordon. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Second Division. 
 
 7 
 
 107 
 
 26 
 
 481 
 
 
 30 
 
 651 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Geo. S. Greene. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Artillery, 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 I 
 
 17 
 
 Capt. Clermont L. Best. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total, Twelfth Army Corps, 
 
 17 
 
 258 
 
 63 
 
 1323 
 
 
 85 
 
 1746 
 
 Cavalry Division, 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Alfred Pleasanton. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 First Army Corps, 
 
 25 
 
 392 
 
 100 
 
 1951 
 
 
 122 
 
 2590 
 
 Second Army Corps, 
 
 63 
 
 820 
 
 188 
 
 3671 
 
 3 
 
 393 
 
 5138 
 
 Fourth Army Corps, (First Division,) 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 Fifth Army Corps, 
 
 I 
 
 16 
 
 2 
 
 88 
 
 
 2 
 
 109 
 
 Sixth Army Corps, 
 
 8 
 
 63 
 
 22 
 
 313 
 
 2 
 
 
 439 
 
 Ninth Army Corps, 
 
 24 
 
 414 
 
 98 
 
 1698 
 
 2 
 
 31 
 
 2349 
 
 Twelfth Army Corps, 
 
 17 
 
 258 
 
 63 
 
 1323 
 
 
 113 
 
 1746 
 
 Cavalry Division, 
 
 I 
 
 139 
 
 6 
 
 
 23 
 
 
 85 
 
 30 
 
 Total, Army of the Potomac, 
 
 1969 
 
 474 
 
 9075 
 
 7 
 
 746 
 
 12410 
 
ANTIETAM. 
 
 87 
 
 (Casualties in the Union forces in the 
 battles, Turner's Gap and Cramp- 
 ton's Gap, in South Mountain, 
 Sept. 14th, 1862. Major-General 
 A. E. Burnside commanding right 
 wing, Army of the Potomac. 
 
 Killed 
 
 Wounded 
 
 Captured 
 or Missing 
 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 (/5 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 <L) 
 
 du 
 
 tn 
 
 'J 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 < 
 
 First Army Corps, 
 Maj.-Gen. Joseph Hooker. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 First Division, 
 
 1. Brig.-Gen. John P. Hatch. 
 
 2. Brig.-Gen. Abner Doubleday. 
 
 I 
 
 62 
 
 14 
 I 
 
 375 
 
 
 43 
 
 496 
 
 Second Division, 
 Brig.-Gen. James B. Rickett. 
 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 Third Division, 
 Brig.-Gen. Geo. G. Meade. 
 
 7 
 
 88 
 
 16 
 
 280 
 
 
 I 
 
 392 
 
 Sixth Army Corps, 
 Maj.-Gen. William B. Franklin. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 First "Division, 
 Maj.-Gen. Henry W. Slocum. 
 
 5 
 
 107 
 
 18 
 
 381 
 
 
 2 
 
 513 
 
 Second "Division, 
 Maj.-Gen. William F. Smith. 
 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 Ninth Army Corps, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1. Maj.-Gen. Jesse L. Reno. 
 
 2. Brig.-Gen. Jacob D. Cox. 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 First "Division, 
 Brig.-Gen. Orlando B. Willcox. 
 
 2 
 
 62 
 
 13 
 
 278 
 
 
 
 355 
 
 Second TDivision, 
 Brig.-Gen. Samuel D. Sturgis. 
 
 I 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 ri2 
 
 
 30 
 
 157 
 
 Tbird "Division, 
 Brig.-Gen. Isaac P. Rodman. 
 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 Kanawha "Division, 
 I. Brig.-Gen. Jacob D. Cox. 
 
 I 
 
 79 
 
 14 
 
 251 
 
 
 II 
 
 •356 
 
 Cavalry Division, (Pleasanton.) 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 Grand Total, 
 
 18 
 
 420 
 
 85 
 
 1736 
 
 
 87! 2346 
 
88 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 MAEKIN^G THE LINES OF BATTLE AND THE POSITIONS 
 OF TEOOPS OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC AND 
 THE ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA AT ANTIE- 
 TAM, MARYLAND, ETC. 
 
 Febeuaey 27, 189L — Committed to the Committee of the whole 
 House on the state of the Uniou and ordered to be lariuted. 
 
 Me. Lansing, from the Committee on Military Affairs, submit- 
 ted the following report: 
 
 The purpose is to have each State which had troops engaged 
 on the Held provide the monuments for marking the positions of 
 the ti'oops, after the general plan heretofore pursued at Gettysburg 
 by the Gettyslmrg Battletield Memorial Association, and proposed 
 by the Chickamauga Memorial Association for like purposes on 
 the fields of Chickamauga and Chattanooga. The sole expense to 
 the United States for monuments will be those for marking the 
 positions of the regular regiments and batteries, being 42. 
 
 The regular Army had 16 regiments and 26 batteries on this 
 field, which the District of Columbia and the following nineteen 
 States had troops in the Union Army : Maine, Massachusetts, 
 New Hami^shire, Vermont, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New 
 York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Ohio, 
 West Virginia, Indiana, Kentucky, Illincjis, Michigan, Wiscon- 
 sin and Minnesota. The Confederate Army was represented by 
 troops from Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, 
 Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Louisiana, Arkansas, 
 and Texas. On no other field was the Regular Army so largely 
 represented, on no other field was there such a full representa- 
 tion of States, and nowhere did they have representatives that 
 excelled the desperate fighting done on that field. 
 
 As already stated, Antietam was the bloodiest battle of the 
 war of the rebellion. More men were killed on that one day 
 than on any other one day of the war. There were battles with 
 gi'eater loss of life, but they were not fought out in one day as at 
 Antietam. At Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, and Spottsylvania, 
 the fighting covered 3 days or more; at the Wilderness, Cold 
 Harbor, Shiloh, Stone River, Chickamauga and Atlanta, the 
 losses were divided between two days of fighting ; but at Antie- 
 tam the bloody work commenced at sunrise and by 4 o'clock 
 that afternoon it was over. A table showing the losses in the 
 
ANTIETAM, 
 
 89 
 
 principal engagements of the war pi-osents these facts more defi- 
 nitely. 
 
 7\ntietam 
 
 Gettysburg . . . 
 Spottsylvania . . 
 Wilderness . . . 
 Chancellorsville . 
 •Chickamaufja . . 
 Cold Harbor . . . 
 Fredericksburgh 
 Manassas .... 
 
 Shiloh 
 
 Stone River . . . 
 
 Pefersburgh 
 
 Atlanta, including Peach 
 
 Tree and Ezra Church and 
 
 battle of July 22. 
 Chattanooga 
 
 Date. 
 
 Killed. 
 
 Wounded. 
 
 Missing 
 
 Sept. 17, 1862 . . . 
 
 2,108 
 
 9.549 
 
 75 
 
 July 1-3. 186} . . . 
 
 3.070 
 
 14,497 
 
 5.43 
 
 Mav 8-18, 1864 . . 
 
 2,725 
 
 13.416 
 
 2,25 
 
 Mav 5-7, 1864 . . . 
 
 2,246 
 
 12,037 
 
 3.383 
 
 May 1-3, 1865 . . . 
 
 1,606 
 
 9,762 
 
 5.919 
 
 Sept. 19-20, 1865 . . 
 
 1.656 
 
 9.749 
 
 4,774 
 
 June I 4-. 1864 • • . 
 
 1,844 
 
 9,077 
 
 1,810 
 
 Dec. H-14. 1863 • . 
 
 1,284 
 
 g.6oo 
 
 1,769 
 
 Aug. 28-30, 1862 . . 
 
 1,747 
 
 8,452 
 
 4,263 
 
 April 6-7, 1862 . . . 
 
 1,754 
 
 8,408 
 
 2,885 
 
 Dec. 31. 1862; Jan. 
 
 1,730 
 
 7,802 
 
 3.717 
 
 12, 1863. 
 
 
 
 
 June 15-1Q, 1864 . . 
 
 1,688 
 
 8.513 
 
 1. 185 
 
 July 1-51, 1864 - . . 
 
 1,110 
 
 5.915 
 
 2,694 
 
 Nov. 23-25,1863 . . 
 
 687 
 
 4,346 
 
 349 
 
 12, 410 
 23,001 
 18.399 
 
 17,666 
 17,287 
 16,179 
 12,737 
 12.653 
 14,462 
 13,047 
 13,^49 
 
 11,386 
 9,719 
 
 5.382 
 
 The percentage of loss on the Union side was over 15 percent, 
 of the entire strength of the Army and fully 20 per cent, of the 
 troops under fire. Many brigades lost one-third to one-half the 
 men taken into action, and twelve regiments lost more than 50 
 per cent, the Twelfth Massachutts heading the list with 67 per 
 cent, while the lowest of the twelve, the Fourteenth Indiana, 
 lo.st 56 per cent. 
 
 Wellington lost 12 per cent, at Waterloo ; Xapoleon 14^ per 
 cent, at Austerlitz and 14 per cent, at Marengo. The average 
 losses of both armies at Magenta and Solferino, in 1859, was less 
 than 9 per cent. At Koniggratz, in 1866, it was 6 per cent 
 At Worth, Mars-la-Tour, Gravelotte, and Sedan, in 1870, the 
 average loss was 12 per cent. 
 
 The marvel of German fighting in the Fianco-Prussian was 
 by the Third Westphalian Infantry at Mars-la-Tour. It took 
 3,000 men into action and lost 40.4 per cent. Next to this record 
 was that of the Garde-Schutzen battalion, 1,000 strong, at Metz, 
 which lost 46.1 per cent. 
 
 As .striking as are these figures on the Union side they are 
 equalled if not exceeded by those of the Confederates. It is im- 
 possible to give the figures with entire accuracy, for in making 
 up their returns they included the lo.s.ses at Harper's Feny, 
 South Mountain, and Autietam, aggregating 1,886 killed, 9,348 
 wounded, 1,377 mis.sing, a sum total of 12,601, or according to 
 General Lee's report, over 20 per cent, of the troops Avhich he 
 took into Maryland, and the greater part of which loss was sus- 
 tained at Antietam. 
 
 The terrific nature of the contest sustained by them may be 
 judged from the fact that many brigades lost one-half the men 
 
90 SOTTVENIE AND GUIDE BOOIv. 
 
 engaged, and in three at least this proportion was exceeded- 
 Oat of 42 Confederate regiments given as sustaining a loss in, 
 an 3^ one battle during the entire war of over 50 per cent., ten- 
 made this record in one day at Antietaut, headed by the First 
 Texas, of Hood's division, which lost 82.3 per cent., the highest 
 recorded for the war. 
 
 These figures on both sides attest the bravery and obstinacy 
 with which the opposing lines in open field, without breastworks 
 of any kind, stood and tore each other to shreds, and your com- 
 mittee can say of it as was said in a report upon another field : 
 
 A field as renowned as this for the stubbornness and brilliancy 
 of its fighting, not only in our own war, but when compared with 
 all modern wars, has an importance to the nation as an object 
 lesson of what is possible in American fighting, and the national 
 value of the preservation of such lines for historical and pro- 
 fessional study must be apparent to all reflecting minds. 
 
 The political questions which were involved in the contest 
 ought not, under ordinary circumstances, to enter into consider- 
 ation ; biit Antietam forms an exception, for upon the result on 
 that field depended the greatest political stroke of modern times, 
 the promulgation of the policy of emancipation by the President 
 of the United States. When the summer of 1862 bi-onght dis- 
 aster to the Union cause, finally culminating in the invasion of 
 Maryland by General Lee, Abraham Lincoln determined on the 
 emancipation of the slaves. ^' I made," said Mr. Lincoln, ''a 
 solemn vow before God that if General Lee was driven back 
 from Maryland I would crown the result by the declaration of 
 freedom to the slaves." 
 
 General Lee was driven from Maryland, and on September 22, 
 1862, President Lincoln issued the proclamation. 
 
 Your committee further recommeud that such bill be amended 
 as follows : In line 8 of page 4 strike out the words ''one hun- 
 dred and twenty-five," and insert the word '^ fifty" in lieu 
 thereof, and recommeud that the bill so amended do pass. 
 
SHEPHERDSTOWN, 
 
 91 
 
 ^ SHEPHERDSTOWN, j» 
 
 situated on the bluffs of the southern bank of the Potomac, is 
 like its sister town, Chai-les Town, an old southern, slave-holdino- 
 settlement, with many marks of culture and refinement and some 
 hereditary w^ealth. 
 
 It is noted as being one of the places in the valley where Gen. 
 Hunter operated time of the war and where Lee re-crossed after 
 the battle into Dixie at Blackford's Ford, 1 mile south of town. 
 It is the location of one of the Confederate cemeteries, also. 
 
 BLACKFORD'S FORD, 
 
 WHERE LEE RE-CROSSED HIS ARMY INTO VIRGINIA AFTER THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. 
 
92 
 
 SOUTEmn AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 THE DEVIL IN THE VALLEY. 
 
 GElSr. hunter' >; OUTRAGES AS DESCEIBED BY GEN. IMBODEN. 
 
 In a recent number of the '^&mte Constitution, Gen. John I).. 
 Imbodeii, of Virginia, describes Gen. Hunter'"s canipaig-n in the- 
 Shenandoah VaUey, in 1864, under tlie title of "The Devil in 
 the Valley," which reads in part as follows : 
 
 After burning private property in Eockbridge county valued 
 at over 12,000.00, and many private houses in other counties 
 
 along the line of his 
 march, he reached 
 Sheph er dsto w n^ 
 where, "'on the 19th 
 of July, 1804, he 
 caused to be bui-ned 
 the residence of the 
 Hon. A. R. Boteler, 
 'Fountain Eock.' 
 Mrs. Boteler was also 
 a cousin of General 
 Hunter. This home- 
 stead was an old col- 
 onial house, endeared 
 to the fimily by a 
 thousand tender 
 memories, and con- 
 tained a splendid li- 
 brary, many i^ictures, 
 and an invaluable collection of rare and pi-ecious manuscripts 
 illustrating the early history of that part of Virginia, that Colonel 
 Boteler had collected by years of toil. The ladies and children 
 were at dinner when infoi-med by the servants that a body of 
 cavalry had turned in at the gate from the turnpike and were 
 coming up to the house. It proved to be a small detachment of 
 the First New York Cavalry, commanded by a Capt. William F. 
 Martindale, who, on being met at the door by Mrs. Shepherd, 
 coolly told her that he had come to burn the house. She asked 
 him by what authority. He told her by that of General Hunter, 
 
 COL. ALEX. BOTELER'S RESIDENCE, 
 
 BURNT BY GEN. HUNTER IN 1864. 
 
ANTlllTAM. 93 
 
 and showed Ikm- his wi-itfcii orih'i-. '^The oi'doi-. I soo, sir, is 
 for yon to burn tlie liouses of Colonel Alexander lioteler and 
 Mr. Edinnnd I. Lee. Now this is not Colonel TJoteler's honse. 
 but is tile i)ro])eity of my mother, ]\[rs. Boteler. and tlierefore 
 must nt)t be destroyed, as you haxe no authority to burn her 
 liouse." "'It's Col. l>oteler's liome, and that's enouii,li foi- ine," 
 Mas Martindale's i-('])Iy. She then said : ^'1 have l»een obliged 
 to i-emove all my ])ei'sonal effects here and Irave several thousand 
 dollais' worth of property storeil in the honse and outbuildings 
 whieli Ix'longs to nie and my children, (^in T not be permitted 
 to save it r' But ]\ra,i'tindale curtly told hei' that he intended to 
 '•burn everything under roof upon the place." Meanwhile, 
 some of the soldiers were plundering tin; house of silver spoons, 
 forks, cups and whatever they fancied, while others piled the 
 parlor furnitui-e on the floors, and others poured kerosene on the 
 piles and floors, which they tlieu set on fire. They had brought 
 the kerosene with them in canteens strapped to their saddles. 
 Miss Boteler, Ix'ing devoted to music, ])leaded hard for her 
 piano, as it l)elonged to her, having been a gift from her grand- 
 niothei', but she was brutally forl)idden to save it ; whereupon, 
 although the Hames Mere I'oaring in adjoining rooms, and the 
 roof all on tire, she (piietiy went into the honse, and seating hei"- 
 selffor the last time before the instrnment, sang lier favoi-ite. 
 ''Thy will be done." Then shutting down the lid and locking 
 it, she calndy went ont n[)on the lawn, where her sick sister and 
 the frightened little children were sitting under 1 he trees, the 
 only shelter then left for them. 
 
 3Iartindale's wi-itten order from Hunter also end)rac(Hl another 
 Virginia home. He burned it too. The story is told by the 
 gifted mistress of that houseln^ld in the folloM-ing letter, which 
 Mas delivei'cd to Huntei'. This letter will live in history foi' its 
 eloquence and sublime invectives 
 
 '- Shfp/irnlsfoioi. 17^, July 20, 1S(>4. — General Tin nter : Yes- 
 terday your underling, Captain ^Nlartindale, of the First New 
 York Cavalry, executed your infamous order and bnrned my 
 honse. You have the satisfaction ere this of i'ec<Mving from him 
 the information that your orders were fulfilled to the letter : the 
 dwelling and every outbuilding, seven in nuinbei-, with their 
 contents, being burned. 1, tiierefore. a helj)less woman M'hom 
 you ha\e cruell>' wi'onged. address xon. a !M;iJor-( Jeneral of the 
 UnitiHl States Army, and demnnd wliy tiiis was done ! ^\'hat 
 Mas my offense? My husband was absent — an exile. He never 
 had been a politician oi' in an> way engaged in the struggle now 
 
94 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 
 
 going on, his age preventing. Tliis fact yonr ebiefof-staft'. 
 David Stiother, conld have toUi you. The honse was bnilt by 
 my father — a revolutionary soldier, who served the whole seven 
 years for yonr indepejidence. There was I born ; there the 
 sacred dead repose. It was my house and my home, and there 
 has your niece, Miss Griffith, who has tarried among us through 
 all this horrid war up to the i>resent moment, met with all kind- 
 ness and hospitality at my hands. Was it for this that you 
 turned me. my young daughter and little son out upon the world 
 without a shelter f Or was it because my husband is the grand- 
 son of the revolutionary patriot and "'rebel,' Kichard Henry Lee 
 and the near kinsman of the noblest of Christian warriors, the 
 greatest of generals, Robert E. Lee? Heaven's blessing be upon 
 his head forever ! You and your government have failed to 
 conquer, subdue or match him, and disappointed rage and malice 
 find vent upon the helpless and inoffensive. 
 
 '^ Hyena-like, you have torn my heart to i)ieces ; for all hal- 
 lowed memories clustered around that homestead ; and demon- 
 like, you have done it without even the pretext of revenge, for I 
 never saw nor harmed you. Your office is not to lead, like a 
 brave man and a soldier, your men to tight in the i-anks of war, 
 but your work has been to separate yourself from all danger, 
 and with your incendiary band, steal unawares upon helpless 
 women and children to insult and destroy. Two fair homes did 
 you yesterday ruthlessly lay in ashes, giving not a moment's 
 warning to the startled inmates of your wicked jjurpose ; turn- 
 ing mothers and children out of doors, your very name execrated 
 by your own men for the cruel work you gave them to do. 
 
 ''In the case of Colonel A. R. Boteler, both father and mother 
 were far away. Any heart but that of Captain Martindale (and 
 yours) would have been touched by that little circle, comprising 
 a widowed daughter just risen from her bed of illness, her three 
 little fatherless babes — the oldest not five years old — and her 
 heroic sister. I repeat, any man would have been touched at 
 that sight. But, Captain Martindale, one might as well hope to 
 find mercy and feeling in the heart of a wolf sent on his prey of 
 young lambs as to search for such qualities in his bosom. You 
 have chosen well your agent for such deeds, and doubtless will 
 j)romote him ! 
 
 ''A Colonel of the Federal army has stated that you 
 deprived forty of your officers of their commands because they 
 refused to carry out your malignant mischief. All honor 
 to their names for this, at least. They aie men — they 
 
ANTIETAM. 95 
 
 have hninan hearts, and they blush for such a commander. 
 
 ^' I ask, who that does not wish infanij- and disgrace attached 
 to him forever woukl serve under you ! Your name will stand 
 on liistory's page as the hunter of weak women and innocent 
 children ; the hunter to destro}^ defenseless villages and refined 
 and beautiful homes — to torture afresli the agonized liearts of 
 the widows ; the hunter of Africa's poor sons and daughters, to 
 lure them on to ruin and death of soul and body ; the hunter 
 with the relentless heart of a wild beast, the face of a fiend, and 
 the foi-m of a man. Oh, earth, behold the monster ! Can I say, 
 ' God foi'give you V Xo prayer can be offered for you ! "Were 
 it possible for human lij)s to raise your name heavenward, angels 
 would thrust the foul tiling back again, and demons claim their 
 own. The curses of thousands, the scorn of the manly and up- 
 right, and the hatred of the true and honorable, will follow you 
 and yours through all time, and brand j'our name infamy ! 
 infainj^ ! 
 
 Again, I demand why have you burned my house? Answer 
 as you must answer before the Searcher of all hearts ; why have 
 you added this cruel, wicked deed to your many crimes? 
 
 Hexrietta E. Lee." 
 
 '•I have only recited the more prominent incidents of Hun- 
 ter's brief career in the Valley of Virginia. The United States 
 government could not stand it, his army could not stand it, as 
 many of his prominent officers yet living tell how keenh^ they 
 felt the stigma such acts — beyond their control — brought on 
 them. Shortly after the date of Mrs. Lee's letter he was re- 
 moved, to the honor of the service, and Gen. Sheridan was his 
 successor. If the people of Chambersburg will carefully read 
 this record of wanton destruction of private property, this 'o'er 
 true tale' of cruel wrong inflicted on the helpless, thej^ will 
 understand why, when goaded to madness, remuneration was 
 demanded at their hands bj' Gen. Early, and upon its refusal 
 retaliation was inflicted on the nearest comnuuiity that could be 
 reached, and it was their misfortune to be that community. Con- 
 trast Lee in Pennsylvania in 1863 and hunter in Virginia in 
 1864, and judge them both as history will." 
 
 About the same time that the residences of Messrs. Boteler 
 and Lee were burned, Gen. Hunter sent Capt. Martiudale to 
 Charles Town, Avitli orders to burn the residence of his cousin, 
 the Hon. Andrew Hunter, of whose generous hospitality he had 
 tVe(piently partaken before the war. Mr. Hunter was in Rich- 
 mond, but his family were occupying the residence, the hand- 
 
96 SOUVENIE AND (tUIDE BOOK. 
 
 soDiest ill the town. Mrs. Hunter heiiij;- an inxalid. ('apt. M-a\- 
 tinda'.e exliiliitod his orders tVoni Gen. Hnnter and i)roc*eis'.('d to 
 e.xecute them in a sununary manner. Mrs. Hnnter liad to he 
 carried from iier home bj^ lier daug-hters and a siM\ant. and ^la:- 
 tindale turned a deaf ear to an appeal Cor permission to re:ii(>\e 
 some prized mementos of a deceased daugliter. The toreli \vas 
 applied in many places, and soon tliis beautiful residence and its 
 valuable contents were but a heap of ashes. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
IIAKM>r.l{ S FEKIJY AND VICIMTV. *.)', 
 
 Summer Cottages and Hotels of Harper's Ferry and 
 Bolivar Heights. 
 
 F 
 
 COTTAGE OF CAPT J. J McCONNELL, WASHINGTON. D. C. 
 
 ill 
 
 " C11...S .-....^^AH," on SHENANDOAH, 
 COTTAGK OF COL. H. R. .MILES, WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
9S 
 
 SOUVEXIR AXD GUIDE; BOXDK. 
 
 i=S!««l 8^2^^ |i^^^5g IS^ 
 
 
 ;- 1 ,111 »2i(^j2* 
 
 y}^r-v 
 
 
 DUNLALLIE" ON POTOMAC, cottage of capt. t. m. mcdugal, u. s. a. 
 
n.Vin'RR S FERRY AND VKIMTV 
 
 99 
 
 -TERRACE," RESIDENCE OF .\\R. GEO. BREADV, high street. 
 
 BoN AIR," ON POTOMAC. COTTAGE OF A\R. CHAS. H. FISHBAUGH, 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
fe 
 
harper' ferry and vicixity. 
 
 101 
 
 'THE OUTLOOK," bolivar HLiuiii;>, i^oHAub uh uk.-,. l. c. Goodman, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 ^ HOTELS. -J^ 
 
 HOTEL CONNER, SHENANDOAH ST., HARPERS FERRY, 
 
 S. GATRELL, PROP. 
 
102 
 
 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE i OOK. 
 
 BOLlVAk HbluHls HOlhL, uN BuLIvAk HfcluHlS. 
 A. WALTER CLEVELAND AND NOAL T. WAHL, PROPS. 
 
harper's ferry and vicinity. 
 
 103 
 
 -L lui' .iOL.-.L. ON BANKS i'O I OAiAt,, 
 T. H. LOVETT, (COL.) PROP. 
 
 HUTEL blU 
 
 .MISS .H. L. JO.NES, l'KOPRit;TKHSS. 
 
 LOCKWOi 'I> H( r-^l ON THE SHENANDOAH RIVER. 
 
 A. P. UANUklDGE, (COL.) PROP. 
 
104 
 
 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE E()(^K. 
 
 McDowell IL iI ^l -in shenandoah rivep, 
 
 BROWN E. A\clJOVVELL, (COL.) PROP. 
 
 WAR MUSEUM OF A. SPENCER, oppositk harper's ferry.