class CiBig/ 
 
 Book / ^ 
 Copiglit^ 
 
 COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT, 
 
THE 
 
 Age of Understanding 
 
 OR AMERICANISM 
 
 The Standard of World Nationalism 
 
 A TRUE OUTLINE OF HISTORY AND SCIENCE 
 BY LEONARD STUART 
 
 Editor of The People's Cyclopedia, The New Century Reference Library 
 
 of World Knowledge. The Current Cyclopedia and Dictionary of 
 
 Ready Reference, World Gazetteer and Universal History; Author 
 
 of The Cosmic Comedy or The Kaiser's Dream, The Great God 
 
 Pan, an All-Time Story, The Eonic Quest, etc. 
 
 'Gardez la Foi! 
 Ne reculez pas! 
 Boutez en avomt!" 
 
 Jean Le Sueur (d. 1703). 
 
 BOSTON 
 RICHARD G. BADGER 
 
 THE GORHAM PRESS 
 
Copyright, 1922, by Chabjles L. Stuart 
 
 All Rights Reserved 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 Made in the United States of America 
 
 The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. 
 
 JUL 26 1922 
 
 ©CI.A681133 
 
"Ducit Amor Patriae** 
 
 This Little Book is 
 
 Dedicated 
 
 To the Memory of 
 
 "THE GREAT AMERICAN" 
 
 tKijeobore IXootfebelt 
 
 whose generous belief in 
 
 political and social reform 
 
 and whose encouragement 
 
 inspired its completion 
 
 in the interests of 
 
 Americanism, Civilization 
 and World Progress 
 
 "With your general purpose, I hope I need hardly 
 say, I am entirely in sympathy." 
 
 New York, April 2, 1913 
 
 (Signed) Theodore Roosevelt 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Foreword 7 
 
 PART I 
 
 CHAPTER 
 
 I. Evolution 15 
 
 II. Eugenics 25 
 
 euthenics 
 Education 
 
 III. History 28 
 
 IV. Civilization 51 
 
 PART II 
 
 V. Devolution 79 
 
 VI. Science 90 
 
 Philosophy 
 Theology 
 
 VII. Body 114 
 
 Mind 
 Soul 
 
 VIII. Unity 118 
 
 IX. Americanism 135 
 
 X. Summary 138 
 
 Conclusion 139 
 
 Index 140 
 
 7 
 
FOREWORD 
 
 In the revolution from ancient to modern thought during 
 the past sixty years, education has sought and seeks to lead 
 public opinion out of the long obscured teachings of earlier 
 ages, into the light and truth of advancing science, — into 
 the age of understanding, commonsense, and goodwill. 
 
 In the following pages, an accurate and easily understood 
 sketch of some natural and historical factors which pro- 
 moted evolution and Americanism is attempted, for the 
 benefit of the average man and woman, who desires instruc- 
 tion and constructive information on these topics. 
 
 Without undue national pride, neither bigoted nor biased, 
 but eclectic-minded, the author essays to show how, despite 
 occasional failures of attainment, Americanism and its prin- 
 ciples of social, economic, and political conduct, recognized 
 so far as the best acquired by humanity, could be further 
 unified and improved through education and science, not 
 only to enrich in larger measure our national life, but to 
 maintain civilization in the right channel of federation for 
 world nationalism, and the progress of the human race 
 towards a better future. 
 
 In their relationship to the general history of the world, 
 he has subjected the evolutionary complexities of science to 
 serious study for analysis and simplification. Through this 
 method, he has consistently worked to reach an environment 
 of relative clearness and understanding of life in general, — 
 biological, domestic, national, international and future. 
 
 Among the different theories or hypotheses that exist in 
 scientific circles, it will be found that after careful con- 
 sideration he has favored those which accord with the 
 physical, psychological and historical facts of universal 
 experience. 
 
 Compared with the materialism and the imperceptive 
 theories of the eighteenth century and subsequent European 
 
 9 
 
10 FOREWORD 
 
 encyclopedists and historians, the practical and perceptive 
 theories now presented may be classed as those of an ad- 
 vanced twentieth century American encyclopedist. 
 
 He proves that Americanism has developed, not alone 
 through the worthier English Pilgrim-Puritan blend of New 
 England thought misnamed Anglo-Saxon, as some undiscern- 
 ing writers maintain, but in larger measure through the 
 broader, farther-spreading French or Anglo-Norman, 
 Dutch, Scotch, Irish, Scandinavian, Welsh, Moravian, and 
 other racial blendings of Old World origin, implanted con- 
 temporaneously along the eastern seaboard, and in the 
 Middle West from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, — 
 the Louisiana Territory — the heart of the United States, 
 ceded by her early friend France, in 1803, to celebrate the 
 first century of our national existence, — the region strange 
 to say that during the World War produced the whitest, 
 most physically and mentally fit soldiers for the American 
 Civilian Army. 1 
 
 Facts, when understood and considered, help to solve 
 problems and ensure the greatest good for the greatest 
 number. 
 
 The book bristles with scientific and historic facts, and 
 is a thorough revelation of the practical philosophy and 
 faith of Americanism, national and international, with its 
 foundations solidly based upon human nature and the fun- 
 damentals of natural law. 
 
 That pragmatic philosophy is helping to solve the eco- 
 nomic problems of the world, and is equipping humanity 
 with inspiration, assurance and enthusiasm, for efficient 
 work in the future. 
 
 As inheritors of the mediterranean or mid-earth schools 
 of thought, with their change of geographical position, the 
 author also demonstrates that, for a new standard of world- 
 unification, in the elimination of the worst in life and the 
 survival of the best, evolution has blended the Hebrew- 
 Asiatic age of miracles and idealism with the Greek- 
 European age of reason and logic, to produce in American- 
 ism, the scientific age of understanding and commonsense. 
 
 1 Consult "The War with Germany," Leonard P. Ay res, Washington, 
 1919, p. 20. 
 
FOREWORD 11 
 
 Although these views at present may be daring, advanced 
 and altruistically "ahead of the times," in realizing what the 
 future will inevitably bring forth, Leonard Stuart maintains 
 that, when justified, they will soon be "behind the times," 
 in those better days in store for the rising and future gen- 
 erations. 
 
 The author, of French and English parentage, belongs to 
 a Middle West family of seventeenth century colonial origin. 
 
 His qualifications for his task are, the advantages of 
 foreign travel and residence from early youth, and collegiate 
 and post-graduate studies in Europe and America, under 
 prominent teachers. 
 
 Through the diverse information, learning, and compara- 
 tive methods acquired under these varied and favorable 
 conditions, the "opened mind of a liberal citizen of the 
 world" was further developed during twenty-five years' 
 subsequent business association in New York City, with 
 advanced world-educators, engaged in the interchange and 
 diffusion of international economic and general race knowl- 
 edge. 
 
 A paraphrase from the Greek is a fitting conclusion to 
 this Introduction. 
 
 "When Science, the Spirit of Truth prevails, it will guide 
 the world unto all truth. 
 
 "It will not speak of itself, but whatever it shall hear, 
 learn and discover, that shall it reveal and will show the 
 things to come. 
 
 "It shall glorify God : for it shall be endued with the Spirit 
 of Righteousness, and shall reveal the Truth unto the whole 
 world." 
 
 L. O. G. 
 
 Camp Uriel 
 
 Rosedale, Lake Erie 
 
 Easter, 1922 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA 
 
 STUART, Leonard (Charles) : encyclopedist and author of French- American 
 ancestry ; b. near Coutances, France, 12 February 1860 : s. of Sara Stuart- 
 Johns of Cornwall, England, and of Philippe Le Sueur, grandson of 
 Pierre Le Sueur (d. 1792), the founder of French Methodism, a proprietor 
 of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Normandy, and a nephew of the colonial 
 exploiter of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Louisiana, Jean Le Sueur (d. 1703), 
 son of Jean Le Sueur (d. 1681), Calvinist author of "Histoire de l'Eglise 
 et de l'Empire" (6 vols. ; 1672). Leonard Stuart for heritage reasons, 
 received his mother's family name. He was educated in France, England, 
 and America. After collegiate and post-graduate studies, he engaged in 
 wholesale business and world-wide travel ; settled in New York City in 
 1897 ; was naturalized ; and since has been continuously associated with 
 international encyclopedic and educational book publishing work. Con- 
 tributor to leading encyclopedias and periodical literature. Editor of the 
 New Century Reference Library (1907) ; Current Cyclopedia of Ready 
 Reference (1910) ; People's Cyclopedia (1914) ; etc. ; author of The Story 
 of Human Flight (1907) ; A Misunderstood Scientist (1907) ; The Pas- 
 saic and Its Falls (1910) ; The Great God Pan (1913) ; Unity, Life's 
 Ideal (1914); The Tycoon and the Suffragette (lyrical comedy; 1914); 
 The Cosmic Comedy or the Kaiser's Dream (1919) ; The Age of Under- 
 standing or Americanism the Standard of World Nationalism (1922) ; 
 A Roamer in Lyonesse (1922) ; The Eon or The Quest of the Lotus (MS.) 
 Residence Glencliff, N. Y. 
 
PART I 
 THE AGE OF UNDERSTANDING 
 
THE AGE OF UNDERSTANDING 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 EVOLUTION 
 
 Stardross, in a fiery gaseous spiral, ejected from the sun 
 into the atmospheric ocean of ether, is recognized as the 
 origin of the good and worthless earth matter, which con- 
 stitutes our world. 
 
 The stardross spiral, combined with atmospheric elements 
 of water, air, light and heat, in a continuous state of revo- 
 lution, assumed a globular form, contracted and solidified. 
 
 The globe took up its planetary position in our solar 
 system according to natural laws of rotation and gravita- 
 tion, governed by an unknown creative power. 
 
 The creative power came to be regarded by early Asiatics 
 as the spirit of good or God, regenerating and purifying 
 the cosmic chaos for an ordered system of the universe. 
 
 # * # 
 
 The earliest forms of life on the globe appeared in the 
 mineral mudbed of the ocean. 
 
 The stardross of the ocean bed and the chemical salts of 
 the sea water produced life-generating protoplasm. 
 
 Marine plants germinated in the protoplasmic mud and 
 animal forms generated from plant life. 
 
 Plants fed on the mineral matter of the mudbed and ani- 
 mals fed on plants and on each other. 
 
 At dissolution, both forms returned to fossilize and 
 fertilize the mineral mudbed and infusorial slime for new 
 life. 
 
 When the impregnated bed of the ocean was lifted above 
 the waters in the early creative days, plant and animal life 
 expanded under the altered conditions of light, heat and air. 
 
 15 
 
16 The Age of Understanding 
 
 Advancing amebae or bisexual forms appeared on earth 
 amid the perfecting vegetable and animal life. 
 
 In the process of evolution, men and women developed 
 from perfected ameboid or bisexual forms. 
 
 * * * 
 
 There is such unity throughout life that all animals from 
 the sponge to the man, in their protoplasmic origin appear 
 essentially alike. 
 
 Biologists teach that the human germ in its first form 
 cannot be distinguished from that of any other animal. 
 
 For aught that can be seen microscopically, the germ may 
 develop into a frog or a philosopher. 
 
 Science now recognizes the power of the germ plasm to 
 transmit all the forces and forms necessary for the produc- 
 tion of either lower or higher life. 
 
 The inorganic produced organic processes and these 
 blended with instinctive processes to create life. 
 
 As the creative power of good increased and the evil 
 power decreased, instinctive processes developed intelligent 
 and reasoning processes to constitute humanity. 
 
 * * * 
 
 This evolutionary development of the vital process for 
 the production of the best in life is well illustrated in the 
 perfected form of the infant. 
 
 As an organism with inbred parental traits, the infant 
 develops the instinctive habits of childhood, proceeds to the 
 intelligence, reason and knowledge of youth, and passes on 
 to the learning and wisdom, the will and conscience of man- 
 hood and womanhood, — according to race, heredity, en- 
 vironment, education, temperament and mental capacity. 
 
 Anthropology reveals the fundamental determiner of life 
 as race. 
 
 Advanced development is found in the blend of the best 
 of the Old World stocks which, during over three centuries 
 of evolution in a new educational environment, mental and 
 moral, as well as geographical, has produced in the highest 
 type of American, man and woman, a new World race. 
 
Evolution 17 
 
 Since 1860, science and education have practically revolu- 
 tionized the narrow forms of medieval thought which held 
 the mass of humankind in the bondage of infantilism, after 
 the collapse of Greek and Roman civilization, when over- 
 whelmed by Hun, Vandal and Goth barbarism, in the Dark 
 Ages of European history, dating from the third and fourth 
 centuries of the Christian era. M 
 
 The study of pre-Christian science is vfflTuable for pur- 
 poses of comparison. 
 
 According to ancient Afro-Asiatic science, the so-called 
 "day" of the creation, ranged from a Babylonian period of 
 432,000 modern years and a Chaldean epoch of 1,680,000 
 years, to a Hindu era of 432,000,000 years. 
 
 The theory of evolution is found in the records of ancient 
 science. 
 
 The Hindu Vedas state that "hiranyagarbha — the golden 
 embryo-Menu," sprang from the waters of life, impregnated 
 with the divine creative fire. 
 
 Egyptian, Chaldean, Persian, Chinese and other Afro- 
 Asiatic records state that human beings, black, brown and 
 yellow, sprang from the mudbeds of the African Nile, from 
 the claybeds of the Asiatic Tigris, Euphrates, Ganges, 
 Yang-Tse and other rivers. 
 
 Greeks relate that the dominating female ameba of the 
 white race — Venus — arose at the command of Apollo the 
 sun, from the iEgean foam. 
 
 Hebrew tradition claims that during the sixth era or 
 creative "day," Adamic golems or embryos of the light olive 
 tint, first appeared on Sakhra, the earliest archaean hill rock 
 of Asia, lifted above the ocean waters during the Creation. 
 
 After the gradual collapse of earlier civilizations, through 
 degeneracy, Hebrews and Greeks, advancing in knowledge, 
 rejected the evil of the older world, created before their 
 appearance in history, and reduced chronology to the tradi- 
 tional period of their existence, now approaching 6000 
 years. 
 
 Sixteen hundred years ago, in 325 A.D., the world- 
 conquering Romans, realizing through Alexandrian philoso- 
 phy the necessary factor for the civilization of the human 
 race, followed the example of their Hebrew and Greek sub- 
 
18 The Age of Understanding 
 
 jects, and inaugurated the Christian era, based upon the 
 life, three centuries earlier, of the divine Syrian teacher. 
 
 * # # 
 
 The trend of civilization or evolution always is to reject 
 the evils of older generations, and to focus history on some 
 epochal event far reconstruction and world progress towards 
 some better f <mp. of life. 
 
 An early attempt to synchronize British history with the 
 new Christian era is found in the medieval "Anglo-Saxon 
 Chronicle." 
 
 The "Chronicle" ends, however, in the twelfth century, a 
 hundred years after William the Conquerer, Duke of Nor- 
 mandy, was crowned King of England. 
 
 From 1066 onward, the insular laws, customs and lan- 
 guage, were converted from Celt and Anglo-Saxon to 
 Anglo-Norman, to inaugurate the opening of the second 
 Christian millennium in 1100. 
 
 As explained later, the reversion or perversion and change 
 of name to Anglo-Saxon occurred in the fifteenth century. 
 
 * * * 
 
 The new era idea again prevails among the victorious 
 crusaders of the American Legion, who believe that, after 
 the collapse of Christian civilization in Europe in 1914, and 
 its salvage through their efforts in 1917-1918, the Colum- 
 bian or new World age of science, wisdom and humanity, 
 should be inaugurated for the benefit of future generations. 
 
 Some of their armory wits, in fact, maintain that the 
 symbols A-E-F stand for the four-square truth — After 
 Europe Failed — After England Failed — American Expedi- 
 tionary Forces — Actually Ended Fighting. 
 
 There is some justification, at least, for these sentiments, 
 which have a more subtle ring than the fresher slogan, "We 
 
 Won the War !" 
 
 * * * 
 
 In Europe and America, the best known early history up 
 to 1860 was that ascribed to the virile Moses, the Hebro- 
 Egyptian prince and lawgiver of "meek" disposition, who 
 shocked his priestly brother Aaron and his sister Miriam, 
 by selecting an Ethiopian colored lady for a second wife. 
 
Evolution 19 
 
 Notwithstanding the "mistakes of Moses," derided by 
 Ingersoll the humorist, and the assertion of Lowell, that : 
 
 "J. P. 
 
 Robinson, he 
 
 Sez they didn't know ev'rythin' 
 
 Down in Judee," 
 
 the Mosaic Chronicle relates how, in the evolution of the 
 conjugating ameba, the female homologue was separated 
 from the male, and — similar to the starfish when subdivided 
 — how double and treble trouble multiplied upon this planet. 
 
 For the better production, care and training of the off- 
 spring, racial or eponymic parents, male and female, ap- 
 peared on earth, born in purity, innocence and beauty, as 
 children are, to be companions and regenerators of the 
 recurrent human race. 
 
 In the early days of their separate existence, these origi- 
 nal parents lived according to the perfect moral code. 
 
 The unified standard of mutual choice, love, faith, and 
 the unclouded happiness of intercourse with all nature, 
 prevailed. 
 
 Men and women are endowed naturally with instinct, 
 conscience, reason, freewill or individual judgment, to choose 
 between good and evil. 
 
 Unfortunately, owing to the stardrift blend of good and 
 evil inherent in their natures for regeneration, the majority 
 of these early Afro-Asiatics and the subsequent crowd in 
 the Old World failed to maintain innate, instinctive ideals 
 of clean living. 
 
 Choosing evil rather than good, desire rather than reason, 
 defiling and confusing human love with carnal passion, both 
 sexes succumbed early to the original curse and evil cause 
 of their ejection on the earth from higher purifying spheres. 
 
 Through the impurity bred by their carnal promiscuity, 
 mortals, in devolution, descended to the monkey and similar 
 conditions of animal life. 
 
 In fact, as explained in the chapter on devolution, Asiatic 
 science theorizes that mortals still descend to even lower 
 animal and primal conditions of existence, according to 
 habitat and physical environment for the repurification and 
 
20 The Age of Understanding 
 
 eventual salvage of whatever good traits they may have pos- 
 sessed. 
 
 The tradition of the select few of the early ages of the 
 human race, who maintained original purity in freedom from 
 promiscuous carnal defilement, is beautifully expressed in 
 Greek literature. 
 
 Primitive Amerindian tribes were found living according 
 to the single moral code at the Columbian discovery of the 
 fifteenth century, until they became vitiated and degenerated 
 through European contact. 
 
 Before women succumbed to unseasonable and promiscu- 
 ous evil, disease was unknown, and childbirth, as a natural 
 function, was comparatively a painless process, mothers, as 
 among American Indiaji women, bearing children with little 
 effort. 
 
 As already stated, the single standard of man and maid 
 in the instinctive choice of mutual attraction or selection 
 at the proper age and marriage season, prevailed among 
 the primitive races. 
 
 Marriage in certain months was instinctively avoided, as 
 now it is forbidden by church law, children conceived in the 
 forbidden seasons possessing inferior and evil-promoting 
 characteristics, a biological fact confirmed by science. 
 
 History and science now confirm the fact that promiscu- 
 ous sex-relationships, abnormal and unseasonable, origi- 
 nated, generated, and perpetuate the long train of diseases, 
 of cancerous and leprous ills and family degeneracy, which 
 
 the human race has developed. 
 
 * * * 
 
 After a considerable period, instinct re-asserted itself as 
 intelligence again developed among some of the lesser 
 animalized and more observant and thoughtful of the Asi- 
 atic, African and European primates. 
 
 With an increase of reasoning power, the cause of the 
 depraved state of humankind dawned at length upon the 
 male of the species, and the re-ascent to higher types of 
 life began. 
 
 The females, however, as the deadlier sources of the evil, 
 were held in restricted single bondage to man's plural 
 pleasure. 
 
Evolution 21 
 
 Successive ascents and descents of the human race 
 towards civilization occurred, the higher intelligence of 
 regenerating humankind all the time experiencing the same 
 difficulty that it does today, to impress upon the people, 
 class as well as mass, the original cause of mortal decadence 
 and its remedy. 
 
 An example of this difficulty may be cited from Hebrew 
 literature in the egoistical reasoning method of the reputed 
 wise man of all time, about three thousand years ago. 
 
 Solomon, who inherited the sensual blend of the age from 
 his father King David and his mother Bathsheba, widow of 
 the tricked Uriah, had an extensive married experience. 
 
 The records say seven hundred wives, daughters of great 
 men, and three hundred concubines, daughters of the poorer 
 classes, total, one thousand. 
 
 With the lamentations of climacteric melancholia, another 
 characteristic of his father David and some of the prophets 
 of Judea, he complained bitterly in advancing age: 
 
 "That which my soul seeketh and has not found : 
 "One good man among a thousand I have found : 
 "A good woman among a thousand I have not found : 
 
 "Only this I have found that God made man right. " 
 
 A symposium even of the indulgent opinion of the family 
 household or seraglio of one thousand women on Solomon, 
 as a right man, would be an interesting document. 
 
 Finally, about two thousand years ago, clean-minded men 
 and women among Eurasian Hebrews and Greeks, recognized 
 the principle of equal rights, that woman cannot be expected 
 to be any better than man is in morals and conduct, that, 
 as colloquially expressed, "sauce for the goose is sauce for 
 the gander," an illustration from natural history that has a 
 deeper biological significance than appears on the surface, 
 owing to the marital fidelity of the pair. 
 
 Humanity realized at last that the single standard of 
 family morality was the original and natural condition of 
 life for both sexes to regain, so as to ensure goodwill and 
 mutual faith in the norm and ideal of purity, beauty and 
 
22 The Age of Understanding 
 
 happiness, for reunion on earth with the law, order and 
 peace of a higher life. 
 
 * * * 
 
 As already shown, from the early days of the Mosaic 
 chronicle onward, amebic evolution and racial degeneracy 
 were well-known among Hebrews, Greeks, and Romans. 
 
 Nearly nineteen hundred years ago, Paul wrote from 
 Laodicea to Timothy: "Man was first formed and then 
 woman. Woman being deceived as to evil, transgressed. 
 Nevertheless, women shall be purified and saved through 
 childbirth, if they develop faith and love, and holiness with 
 modesty." 
 
 A few centuries of striving for the better life have ensued 
 and continue. 
 
 The bisex struggle everlasting and the eternal triangle of 
 doubt, discord, jealousy or mutual disgust, with continuous 
 conflict still figure prominently in the press, the literature, 
 the acted and moving picture plays of the day, in all pre- 
 sumably civilized countries. 
 
 The principles of the honor code, of the cleaner and better 
 life, however, predominate. 
 
 The better class people of all advanced nations, happily, 
 are decent and moral, law and health-abiding. 
 
 The chief retarding condition is plainly perceived in 
 almost periodical waves on the descending and ascending 
 spiral curve of Old World civilization. 
 
 That condition is the inevitable subjection and degrada- 
 tion of beauty the weaker vessel and her children, to beast 
 the stronger physical brute, whenever representative woman- 
 hood, developing crafty feline instincts, attempts to domi- 
 nate immoral manhood, through imitative trickery, treach- 
 ery and falsehood. 
 
 Until the lower types of manhood learn not to degrade 
 womanhood in any way, and until womanhood also learns 
 not to tempt man, nor to stoop to the folly of personal and 
 mutual degradation, the family conflict will continue, until 
 the human race purifies itself of the original sin, and the 
 attendant evils and diseases of promiscuous degeneracy. 
 
 In the cause of civilization and world-progress, both sexes 
 
Evolution 23 
 
 may eventually learn to maintain self-respect, and to culti- 
 vate faith in each other. 
 
 The impersonal historian can see a striking advance 
 along this trend of civilization during the past half century^ 
 notwithstanding that, in defensive antagonism, from the 
 ancient conflict of sex, arose the conflict of sects, and from 
 the conflict of sects has arisen civil, international, and world 
 conflict. 
 
 Although the analogy, in its widespread application, 
 raises a smile, the world since 1914 has seen a stupid family 
 of nations, the German Fatherland and her Austro-Hun- 
 garian, Bulgarian and Turkish consorts, fighting for world 
 domination against the Russian, Belgian, French, Italian, 
 and British Motherlands, their colonial offspring, neighbors 
 and allies, until in dire peril, the long independent American 
 daughter of the Old World, Columbia and her gallant sons 
 (after some unwarranted and vicious kicks from Germany), 
 had to be implored to rescue them. 
 
 Behold, how good and joyful a condition it would be if 
 all members of the world family could learn to dwell together 
 in harmony. 
 
 Harmony, by the way, represented in the heavens by Lyra, 
 the constellation of unity and purity, was suggested as the 
 appropriate astral symbol for the United States, and origi- 
 nated the stars on our national emblems, "Old Glory," 
 shields, coinage, etc., according to John Adams, our second 
 President, and as related by his son John Quincy Adams, 
 our sixth President. At that period, the stellar influences 
 were still supposed to regulate climate, temperament, and 
 the predispositions of character. 
 
 But, all social and political life is based upon the economic 
 and philosophical opinions and convictions of the people, 
 influenced by the general trend of racial differences, im- 
 planted through heredity, environment and education. 
 
 And, the vicious double, treble and multiple family trouble 
 will continue by small and large, throughout a world, still 
 
24 The Age of Understanding 
 
 in the birth-pangs of evolution, until, beginning in the family 
 units of nations, moral education and health administration 
 — if ever — are universally recognized as the necessary fac- 
 tors to perfect the different elements of the human race, so 
 that they may maintain a continuous advancing, instead of a 
 recurrent retrograding movement, in the onward march of 
 civilization and world progress, towards peace and harmony. 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 EUGENICS EUTHENICS EDUCATION 
 
 Eugenics, the science of good breeding through moral 
 education, training, and heredity in parents, produces the 
 best types of useful children. 
 
 This physiological fact, revealed in pre-Mosaic Jacobean 
 and other Asiatic records, was well-established for mother- 
 hood two thousand years ago, and in modern days, since 
 1860, has been fully confirmed through the biological and 
 biographical study of useful inherited traits found in suc- 
 cessive generations of wisely-educated and moral-minded 
 fathers and mothers, as well as in the study of evil inherited 
 traits found in ignorant, vicious and degenerate stock. 
 
 The principle of kingship, queenship, of royal, noble, and 
 genteel families, is based on eugenics. 
 
 History reveals its failure in the degeneracy of some 
 notorious specimens, male and female. 
 
 Eugene and Eugenie — the well-born — are favorite birth- 
 names among Celtic and Anglo-Norman races. From 357 
 to 761 A.D. eight Scottish kings bore the name of Eugenius. 
 From 654 to 1431 A.D. four popes assumed the name. The 
 late Empress of the French was the Spanish noblewoman 
 Eugenie ; the present Queen of Spain is the British princess 
 Victoria Eugenia. 
 
 Children of royal, noble, and well-bred families, neverthe- 
 less, can and do degenerate into worthless human weeds and 
 propagators of ignorance and vice, if moral education, en- 
 vironment, and training are not carefully supervised and 
 right principles implanted and maintained. 
 
 If these children, as grown-ups, depart from the prin- 
 ciples of clean living, they often become monied parasites 
 and undesirable citizens. 
 
 Weeds, parasites and evil plants generally are worthless. 
 
 25 
 
26 The Age of Understanding 
 
 Cultivated and useful plants have commercial value. 
 
 As seed, soil, climate and cultivation are, — so are plants. 
 
 As father, mother, spirit and education are, — so are 
 children. 
 
 The difference between moral and material education in 
 human life is as apparent as the difference in plant life 
 between cultivated products and rank vegetation, confirmed 
 by Mendelian and Burbank flower experiments. 
 
 Materially-minded and careless parents, in the error and 
 ignorance of uncontrolled passion and animal desire, pro- 
 duce human weeds and evil plants, in degenerate and ill-bred 
 children. 
 
 Euthenics, the science of moral education with environ- 
 ment and training, however, can correct degenerate traits 
 in either ignorant or neglected children for the benefit of 
 re-creating generations. 
 
 But, in all instruction, the conceit engendered by unmoral 
 education and material scientific 'kultur,' the viciousness of 
 intellectual and political arrogance, as revealed in Euro- 
 peanism, especially since 1914 through Kaiserism, Bolshe- 
 vism, etc., cannot be watched too carefully and guarded 
 against, if human intelligence aims at eventually overcom- 
 ing and eradicating these faults, which, with obverse 
 ignorance, are among the fundamental causes of all world 
 conflict. 
 
 If the endless repetition of the tragic mistakes of history 
 is to cease, it cannot be too widely recognized and empha- 
 sized by educators, scientists, and statesmen, that the civi- 
 lization and salvation of the world depend upon the indi- 
 vidual man and woman, as the sources of healthful moral 
 and national life. 
 
 Mind or will, thought or spirit, control the body, and as 
 the mind or will of man the father and creator of life, in- 
 fluences for good — or evil — the thought or spirit of woman 
 the mother and yielder of life, so are the sons and daughters. 
 
 Good sons and daughters of clean-minded parents, high 
 or low, rich or poor, make home-loving husbands and wives, 
 and wise parents of a finer future race, for a world federated 
 in the unity of right principles for a better life. 
 
 A very ancient dictum among civilized races is: "With 
 
Eugenics Euthenics Education 27 
 
 grandparents and parents of good birth, the sons are born 
 gentlemen by all four descents." 
 
 From wives and mothers, sisters and daughters, is ex- 
 pected the immaculate purity of personal faith and loyalty. 
 
 Husbands and fathers, sons and brothers, in the best 
 world types, cultivate the same ideals. 
 
 "Don't do anything that you wouldn't like me to do," 
 is a world-old precept for both sexes to practice. 
 
 Through inherited sensualism, however, and lack of sane 
 moral education, the significance of the principle does not 
 seem even yet to be realized by double-standard degenerate 
 males, "rotters" as Lady Astor calls them, who commit acts 
 of sex-faithlessness, which they would be horrified to find 
 committed by their women kin. 
 
 Woman easily degenerates through the example of man, 
 and commenting on some contemporaneous conditions re- 
 vealed by daily press reports, a prominent New York rabbi 
 pungently says : 
 
 "The present day life of the sport woman is due to a 
 revolt against the double standard, and these women are 
 making the vicious blunder not of insisting that men's stand- 
 ard shall be their own, but of degenerating to the lower 
 standards of immoral men." 
 
 An observant judge remarked recently: 
 
 "The attitude and conduct of the parents, particularly of 
 the mothers, are reflected in their children. 
 
 "Giddy daughters make reckless wives and evil breeders 
 of a degenerate race. 
 
 "Such an unsound condition dirctly imperils all family, 
 national and international life." 
 
CHAPTER III 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 World progress can be estimated only through history 
 and science. 
 
 Early strivings of the human race towards a higher life 
 culminated, according to archeologists, about seven thou- 
 sands years ago in the Assyrian, Egyptian and JEgean 
 civilizations, with all their wealth of scientific, building and 
 engineering skill, including the tradition of flying machines 
 and other notable inventions. 
 
 In the relapse to barbarism through degeneracy, these 
 arts and inventions were lost: as, by reversion, within the 
 short period of their advance towards modern civilization 
 during the last century, American Indians are reported to 
 have lost the early civilizing art of making flint arrowheads. 
 
 The collapse of earlier civilizations about four thousand 
 years ago was followed by over two thousand years of the 
 struggling reascent of humanity to higher conditions of life, 
 through the Hebraic age of miracles and wonders, and the 
 Greek age of reason and logic. 
 
 At last, under the Romans, advanced yet fundamental 
 principles of civilization were given to the then known world, 
 in the fourth century. 
 
 In the onward evolution of humankind during the west- 
 ward progress of civilization, nations, kingdoms and em- 
 pires rose and fell, until the age of reason eventually bore 
 fruit, first in the Anglo-Norman Magna Carta of human 
 freedom, wrung from the immoral king John I. of England 
 in 1215, by his independent and self-asserting barons, and 
 four centuries later, in the "Act" or "Brief" of a few lines, 
 proclaiming the short-lived British Republic or Common- 
 wealth of 1649. 
 
 Reaction soon ended the latter worthy innovation in 1660, 
 
 28 
 
History 29 
 
 owing to the excesses of Puritanism, and with the numerous 
 emigrations that ensued, the better philosophy of the Puri- 
 tans was established in New England, forty years after 
 the "happy band of Anglo-Dutch Pilgrims" from Leyden 
 had fathered the colony. 
 
 The principles of republicanism have a long history in 
 pre-Christian republics, in Plato's ideal "Republic," and in 
 the leavening little nation, Switzerland, "the European home 
 of humanity." 
 
 The Great Anglo-Norman Charter of 1215, however, is 
 looked upon as the forerunner by five and a half centuries 
 of the Declaration of Independence of the United States, 
 of which Buckle, the British historian of civilization wrote: 
 "In 1776, the Americans laid before Europe that noble 
 declaration which ought to be hung in the nursery of every 
 king, and blazoned on the porch of every royal palace." 
 
 Within a few years both the Declaration of Independence 
 and the Constitution of the United States became the 
 models of similar charters for the French Republic in 1792; 
 for the Central and South American republics, in the nine- 
 teenth century ; and in the twentieth century for the Chinese, 
 Portuguese, and the recently formed republics of Central 
 Europe. 
 
 As the Hebrews of old, the intelligent world seems again 
 to be learning that monarchical and imperial forms of ad- 
 ministration are unfortunate and costly class trouble- 
 breeders, and that the free democratic principles of popular 
 republican government transcend all other forms of gov- 
 ernment. 
 
 All rational minds now hold the opinion that the caste 
 system must be abolished, not perpetuated, if the human 
 race is to develop as nature intended it should. Segregat- 
 ing races into isolated sectarian groups defeats nature's 
 purpose. The walls of race prejudice and race segregation 
 must never be built up in America. The Constitution of 
 the United States is opposed to such a procedure both in 
 letter and in spirit. It would be an unfortunate day both 
 for America and for the world, if this should ever happen 
 otherwise. The practice of democracy, of justice and the 
 golden rule, alone will allow the human race whether white, 
 
30 The Age of Understanding 
 
 yellow, brown or black, to survive and advance along the 
 worth-while path of civilization. 
 
 Paine's vibrant "Age of Reason," written in the shadow 
 of death during the French Revolution (1789), for the 
 benefit of his adopted country, the United States, marks the 
 culminating eruption on the European Continent of the 
 contending ages of degenerate monarchy and regenerate 
 democracy one hundred and forty years after the British 
 eruption. 
 
 The persistent contest and confusion throughout the 
 world, due to the barbarous Prussian-Hun crime of the ages 
 (1914-18), and the Russian-Tatar Revolution with its awful 
 tragedy of 1917 in the City of National Vengeance — 
 Ekaterinburg, — are revealed in the unabated horrors that 
 still continue (1921). 
 
 This degenerate and insane condition of continuous war- 
 fare and periodical return to barbarism is revealed through- 
 out the entire course of history. 
 
 Passing by the advent of the "yellow peril" in Europe 
 during the millennium preceding the Christian era, through 
 Mongolian, Hun and other Asiatic invasions and settlements 
 in Russia, Austria and Prussia ; the irruptions in Europe of 
 the first millennium of the Christian era, Northmen, Hun, 
 Vandal, Goth, Moslem, and Mongolian; a few illustrations 
 may be cited from our second and present fast-concluding 
 millennium. 
 
 From the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries, extending 
 from western Europe to Asia and Africa, the wars of the 
 seven Crusades, monogamy versus polygamy. 
 
 In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the European 
 religious and political wars, typified by the English Wars 
 of the White (purity) and Red (passion) Roses. 
 
 In the seventeenth century, the British Civil War between 
 Puritan and Cavalier factions, which resulted in Cromwell's 
 democratic Republic or Commonwealth of Great Britain and 
 Ireland in 1649, with reaction, as already stated, through 
 excessive Puritanism to the Restoration of the immoral King 
 Charles II in 1660. 
 
 A relationship to these wars may be found in the Civil 
 
History 31 
 
 War of the United States from 1861 to 1865, between 
 Puritan North and Cavalier South. 
 
 Also in the wars of democracy against autocracy waged 
 by the United States 1776-1781; 1801-1805; 1812-1815; 
 1846-1848; 1898; and 1917-1918. 
 
 The wars of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries of the 
 Central and South American Republics. 
 
 The war of the South African republics, whose rulers, 
 supported by the ex-Kaiser, attempted autocracy. 
 
 The World War against German autocracy, lasting from 
 July 28, 1914 to the Armistice of November 11, 1918 (but 
 with after effects still continuing in Europe and Asia, 1921). 
 
 During the greatest fighting period mentioned from 1914 
 to 1918, twenty-eight combatant nations with an aggregate 
 population of 1,575,135,000 or ninety per cent of the peoples 
 of the earth were involved, with the loss of millions of lives 
 of the young manhood of the earth prematurely sacrificed — 
 to the pride of hell-bred autocracy. The numbers of these 
 victims cannot be estimated. 
 
 Such world conditions are best emphasized in a syllogistic 
 extension of the French apothegm: 
 
 "La vie c'est la guerre!" 
 
 La guerre c'est l'enfer! L'enfer c'est la vie! 
 
 Life is war ! War is hell ! Hell is life ! 
 
 Going back in history and following the disappearances 
 already mentioned of highly advanced Asiatic, African and 
 European civilizations, we return to a period about two 
 thousand years ago, when a fundamental principle of life 
 was being redeveloped, which advocated peace and goodwill 
 — as God's will — of law, order and humanity, for men, 
 women and nations. 
 
 Early political action on the doctrine is found B.C. 
 263-226 in the Gentoo edicts of Asoka, the Buddhist Con- 
 stantine of India, five centuries before the action of his 
 European prototype. 
 
 In the old northwestern world at the meeting-place of 
 Europe, Asia and Africa, largely through the first and sec- 
 
32 The Age of Understanding 
 
 ond century Alexandrian school methods of Philo-Judaeus 
 "the lover of Judea," and Origen "the Adamantine," the 
 doctrine received imperial sanction at Nicea, Asia Minor, in 
 325 A.D., through a Roman blend of Hebrew, Egyptian, 
 and Greek philosophy, based by Paul of Tarsus and the 
 disciples of Jesus, three centuries before, upon the life and 
 teachings of the Syrian-Hebrew founder of Christianity. 
 
 In accord with the teachings of the earlier age of miracles 
 and wonders in which he lived, that extraordinary personali- 
 ties were the sons of god, Jesus, the crucified martyr of 
 Calvary, Sakhra or Sion's supreme sacrifice, had been ac- 
 knowledged by Ins disciples and followers for three hundred 
 years as the one and only true Son of God — the Spirit of 
 Good. 
 
 "This theory of accounting for the mystery of extraordi- 
 nary personalities was as characteristic of the age as the 
 theory of evolution through eugenics is of the present day." 
 
 In his potent personality, virile and sincere, yet gentle, 
 human and divine, Jesus of Bethlehem and Nazareth had 
 come to be regarded as the long-awaited Messiah, sent to 
 teach the doctrine of peace and goodwill to the world, and 
 the relationship of every member of the human race to the 
 universe and its Creator. 
 
 Public opinion — vox populi — the people's voice is ever — 
 vox Dei — the voice of God. 
 
 In eugenic heredity, Jesus was a lineal member, through 
 his father, Joseph of Nazareth, of the House of David and 
 of the Patriarchal Family of Abraham, the progenitor of 
 the tribes of Israel. 
 
 Through Mary — Mercy or May — his beautiful temple- 
 bred mother, daughter of the wealthy Joachim and Anna or 
 Grace of Bethlehem, he was also a scion of the priestly line 
 of Aaron and Shem or Melchisedec. 
 
 This dual and multiple descent is symbolized in the 
 Hebraic spherical twenty-four rayed, and in the flat six- 
 pointed, stars of David. 
 
 Both lines culminated in him through Matthan or Mathat, 
 priest of Bethlehem, the common grandfather of his parents, 
 who were cousins ; a shorter descent, symbolized by the 
 Christian five-rayed star of Bethlehem. 
 
History 33 
 
 The genealogies in all their successive generations are 
 given by Matthew and Luke, the historian-evangelists ; the 
 details are found in Church history. 
 
 Paul, however, writing to Timothy from Laodicea, capital 
 of Phrygia Pacatiana, warns him against "endless genealo- 
 gies which evoke questions rather than godly edifying which 
 is in faith," and also tells him not to give heed either to "old 
 wives' fables" or to "the oppositions of science falsely so- 
 called." 
 
 Writing later from Rome, when he was brought before 
 Nero the second time, and when Timothy had been ordained 
 the first bishop or presbyter of the church of the Ephesians, 
 Paul, calling "to remembrance the unfeigned faith that is in 
 thee, which dwelt first in thy grandmother Lois, and thy 
 mother Eunice ; and I am persuaded is in thee also," reveals 
 his belief in the fuller doctrine of eugenic heredity through 
 maternalism, which was not promulgated until eighteen cen- 
 turies had passed, and still awaits ratification. 
 
 These references are now made for the readjustment of 
 the historical perspective, and for an understanding of the 
 sequence of related chronological events in the subsequent 
 eugenic evolution of the human race. 
 
 Upon the events — human and divine — of the birth, life 
 and death of Jesus — Christ the Anointed Son of God — the 
 spiritual creed of 325 A.D. was formulated. 
 
 Freed from the mysticism of its early form and medieval 
 English translation, the modern synthesis of the family doc- 
 trine in its human and divine aspect is : 
 
 "The will of the father is manifested in the son through 
 the spirit of the mother, and equal to father and son is the 
 mother in God — the spirit of good." 
 
 The earliest form of the creed is found in the prehistoric 
 "Mahabharata" of Menu the embryonic and eponymic 
 founder of Brahmanism, and reads : 
 
 "Then only is man perfect when he is three: himself, his 
 wife, his son." 
 
 "For thus have learned men declared the law — a husband 
 and wife are one, and blend as one in the son." 
 
34 The Age of Understanding 
 
 The creed was also found among the Mayan teachings of 
 the Mexican Aztecs and Peruvian Incas. 
 
 Eugenic science confirms the biological blend and truth 
 of the doctrine although theorists, for the paternal or 
 maternal dominance in continual contention, sectarian 
 and international, German, Russian, British, Turkish and 
 their American followers, affect to treat the principle as a 
 closed or undiscussable question, instead of clearly explain- 
 ing its ancient mystical meaning for general understanding. 
 
 All spiritual doctrine necessarily is anthropomorphic, 
 that is, it has a human basis, notwithstanding Voltaire's 
 sneer of imperception, "God made man in his own image 
 and man returned the compliment." 
 
 Man is all right when he builds himself up in the image 
 of God and not of a devil ; when he practices personal purity 
 without the sacrifice of virility, and right living without the 
 exercise of gloom and cant. 
 
 Only through mortal life do we receive spiritual intima- 
 tions of the finite and the infinite. 
 
 One creed only is justified, as Arlington Robinson says, 
 "The common creed of common-sense." 
 
 Dissension and repudiation of the doctrine arose after 
 325 A.D. until the higher Hebraic-Greek practice of per- 
 sonal purity in the development of the grace and exemplar 
 gifts of self-control, continence and chastity, was willingly 
 adopted by separating lovers, husbands and wives, around 
 the approach of the second millennium of the Christian era, 
 when the original western crusaders of Europe in 1100, 
 rescued Jerusalem temporarily from the Mohammedans, who 
 perpetuated the patriarchal or polygamous type of married 
 
 life. 
 
 * * * 
 
 The state of celibacy or single life interests, for the better 
 devotion to and promotion of religious and educational work 
 is of pre-Christian origin. 
 
 The celibacy of priests and deacons was promulgated in 
 Spain at the Council of Elvira in 295 A.D. 
 
 The adoption became a source of dispute between Con- 
 stantinople and Rome until, with other family disputes, re- 
 jecting the equality of motherhood in 431, and the relation- 
 
History 35 
 
 ship of the son in 831, in the latter year, the Eastern 
 Catholic Church at Constantinople separated from the 
 Western Catholic Church at Rome, a rupture which subse- 
 quently led to Moslem domination in Constantinople and 
 Jerusalem, and the unfortunate but necessary division of 
 Christian thought in Western Europe, still striving to attain 
 ultimate wisdom for peace, civilization and world progress. 
 Americanism would appear to be the solution of the 
 
 problem. 
 
 * * * 
 
 In the eleventh century, during the promotion of the 
 Crusades for the rescue of Jerusalem and the Holy Land 
 from the Moslem, the Christian crusaders of West and East 
 disputed and clashed considerably at Constantinople, over 
 their principles. 
 
 Tasso's "Jerusalem Delivered" celebrates the period and 
 incidentally how the chastity of celibacy revived the Arthur- 
 ian chivalry of personal purity, the honor and single stand- 
 ard of morality and high valor, among the cleaner-minded 
 Western Crusaders, of whom Godfrey de Bouillon and 
 Tancred "the bravest of the brave," of Norman descent, are 
 the leading heroes. 
 
 Emulating the traditional "redeemed among men," West- 
 ern teachers, male and female, maintained the religious vows 
 of celibacy, as standards and examples of chastity, in the 
 devotion of their lives to the education of the masses in the 
 principles of personal and monogamous purity. 
 
 The principle must be kept in view and not its immoral 
 degradation by mockers and scoffers, through the frail 
 lapses of any professing teachers. 
 
 As Henry Ward Beecher said: "Grace is not given to 
 everyone to practice what they preach." 
 
 The morale of personal purity and the mutual single 
 standard, inculcated by celibacy, is a natural condition of 
 self-knowledge, self-reverence, self-control, the essential fac- 
 tors of everyday life and civilization. 
 
 Without it, immorality, carnalism, and anarchy would 
 be rampant. 
 
 In the eleventh and twelfth centuries, after considerable 
 physical and mental suffering, Abelard, "passion's martyr," 
 
36 The Age of Understanding 
 
 manifested scholastic perception and spiritual significance 
 of the still unacknowledged doctrine of the purity and 
 equality of motherhood with fatherhood and sonship. 
 
 Awaiting and following that human recognition, in La 
 Manche, the "Sleeve" of the Cotentin peninsula or north- 
 western elbow corner of Norman France, long-delayed monu- 
 ments to the earlier doctrine of 325 A.D. were erected, first, 
 in the eleventh century solid Romanesque abbey church of 
 Lessay — the village of Rosa Bonheur's "Normandy Horse 
 Fair," in which picture, the dome of the church is shown — 
 and next, in the unique cathedral of the Gothic-English 
 twelfth to fourteenth century period at Coutances, the 
 Gallo-Roman city founded by and named after Constantine 
 the Great, when governor of the region, at the beginning of 
 the fourth century. 
 
 The son of Constantius Chlorus, who was a supporter of 
 Julius Caesar, associated in the imperial government as ruler 
 of Gaul, Britain and Spain, Constantine succeeded his father 
 in 306, in his thirty-first year. 
 
 As all students of history know, Constantine was the 
 Roman emperor who, with the Edict of Milan in 313, pro- 
 claimed religious liberty throughout his dominions. 
 
 At his request his mother, Queen Helena, embraced Chris- 
 tianity and through her services to the faith, came to be re- 
 garded by Eastern Catholics as the Christian redeemer of 
 the radical Greek Helen. 
 
 Some Greek Church historians state that Queen Helena 
 was born in Asia Minor, others at Nish, in Serbia ; Chlorus 
 had divorced her in 292, so that he might marry Theodora, 
 daughter of Maximianus. 
 
 A medieval Anglo-Norman tradition, related by Odericus 
 Vitalis — the historian of the "Ordered Life," which appears 
 in French and English literature, — made Helena the 
 daughter of an innkeeper at Lessay, the ancient Roman Exa- 
 guium or Exiguium. 
 
 The tradition is still repeated in the region, the Roman 
 name of the village even, being adduced as proof, with its 
 quadruple significance of: (1) proceeding from; (2) a 
 small place; (3) anexegete; (4) one who considers. 
 
 Vitalis also records that Lord Robert of Normandy, 
 
History 37 
 
 who had become a monk in the monastery of Bee under the 
 Italo-Norman abbot Lanfranc, later Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury, was appointed the first abbot (1066-1094) of the new 
 Abbey of the Holy Trinity at Lessay, in the diocese of Cou- 
 tances. 
 
 Similar to Greek historians disputing over the birthplace 
 of Empress Helena, English chroniclers deny the conver- 
 sion of Lord Robert, son of William the Conqueror and 
 grandson of Robert the Devil, first Duke of Normandy, as 
 though to imply the statement in either case, is untruthful 
 and dishonorable. 
 
 "Infidelity, what falsehoods are perpetuated in thy 
 name !" 
 
 At Byzantium — New Rome, now Islamboul or Constanti- 
 nople — Constantine raised to the memory of his revered 
 mother the Basilica of the Holy Wisdom, — Hagia Sophia, — 
 represented today by its famous successor, built for Justin- 
 ian in six years from 532 to 538, and ranked as one of the 
 "Seven Wonders of the Medieval World." 
 
 With the triumph of the Turks in 1453 and the collapse 
 of the Eastern Catholic Empire Hagia Sophia became a 
 mosque of the Moslem faith, whose devout followers revere 
 Mary, the mother of Jesus, — the Catholic redeemer of the 
 racial World-Mother Eve, and the spiritual guardian of 
 America, — as the sole embodiment in history, — through 
 motherhood and sonship — of the Holy Spirit of Wisdom. 
 
 During 1921, services were held in Greek churches in 
 America, praying for the restoration of Hagia Sophia to 
 Christianity. 
 
 Without in any way seeking them, chains of causes and 
 effects wonderfully and strangely linked, especially in the 
 surprising relations of moral events to the lives of intellec- 
 tual natures, flash upon the historical analyst, encyclopedist, 
 and observer, in the course of his professional studies, 
 travels, and work. 
 
 In Moslem lands, the single moral standard of mono- 
 gamous marriage is now being strongly emphasized as the 
 foundation of virile, civilized life. 
 
38 The Age of Understanding 
 
 "Cases where a Turk has more than one wife are very 
 few," is culled from a recent news item. 
 
 The degradation of womanhood and manhood through 
 promiscuity and collateral polygamy has long been taught. 
 
 During the seventeenth century in the Asiatic world, 
 the Moslem Shah John of Agra, realizing the ideal and 
 principle, left as a monument to the single moral standard 
 for husband and wife, that architectural gem described by 
 Lord Roberts as "the most poetically beautiful building in 
 the world— the Taj Mahal." 
 
 This mausoleum was erected to the memory of the shah's 
 wife Arjimand Banoo — Mumtaz Mahal, the "pearl of his 
 soul," who died in 1629 A.D. 
 
 As Shakespeare makes Jessica say of Lord Bassanio, 
 "Having such a blessing in his lady, he found the joys of 
 Heaven here on earth." 
 
 Ideal purity and refinement, the faultless embodiment of 
 perfection in art, are revealed in the Gentoo Taj Mahal, as 
 formerly in the Greek Parthenon, the temple to maidenly 
 virtues on the Acropolis at Athens. 
 
 The ruins of the Parthenon seen in the mystic moonlight 
 are as beautifully described by Mark Twain in "The New 
 Pilgrim's Progress," as his later perceptive and incomparable 
 tribute to Jeanne D'Arc (so different to that of the imper- 
 ceptive cynic Anatole France), nobilizes the virgin martyr 
 of Domremy, burnt to death in her Christ-like innocence and 
 agony, by English and French judges in 1431. 
 
 The Parthenon — the Temple to the Athenian Virgin — 
 symbolized the primal principle of virgin purity for wife- 
 hood. In the chaste beauty of its classical refinement, it 
 stood entire for over two thousand years, from 440 B.C., 
 until the interior was wrecked through an explosion during 
 the siege by the Venetians in 1687 A.D., a few years after 
 the Taj Mahal in India, — celebrating the single moral 
 standard of married virtue, — was completed. 
 
 As further illustrations of world relationships, it may be 
 mentioned that, similar to the "hel" of the Hebrew Temple — 
 pierced later by the thirteen gates of the excluded and ob- 
 jecting Greeks to disclose the sanctuary of Sakhra the 
 "Rock of Ages" and the altar stone of the "Holy of Holies," 
 
History 39 
 
 — the ambulatory surrounding the main altar, a distinctive 
 feature of the Norman Cathedral of Coutances, with its 
 corona or mind-crown of the mother-chapel, has been dupli- 
 cated in New York City in the Catholic Cathedral of Saint 
 Patrick of Ireland, and in the Protestant Cathedral of Saint 
 John the Divine of Patmos, — the evangelic eagle symbolized 
 in ecclesiastical lecterns. 
 
 Saint John, the guardian eagle, — the symbol of American- 
 ism and freemasonry, — is also regarded with Saint Mary 
 the mother as a spiritual defender of the United States, and 
 is so represented notably on our pre- and post-war coinage 
 with the stars of David and of Bethlehem, as pointed out 
 by Fenton. 
 
 When on the Cross, Jesus, her only son, confided Mary his 
 mother, then the widow of Joseph, to the care of John. 
 
 The step-brothers and -sisters of Jesus, the children of 
 Joseph's first marriage, had separate family interests. 
 
 Saint Patrick's Catholic Cathedral and Grace Episcopal 
 Church in New York City are the Gothic trinitarian designs 
 of an American Protestant architect, of British ancestry. 
 
 The Protestant Cathedral of Saint John the Divine, the 
 Romanesque-Norman and unitarian design of an American 
 Catholic architect of French ancestry, is an embodiment of 
 the principle described by Henry Adams as the Anglo-Nor- 
 man and ancient Hebraic ideal. 
 
 "God the Father is the feudal Seigneur or Lord who 
 absorbs the Trinity. God or Good reconciles all. God is 
 strength and intelligence at rest." 
 
 As advanced outposts of the liberal "genius of Christian- 
 ity" analyzed later by the neighboring Breton authors, the 
 spiritual Chateaubriand and the material Renan, the sym- 
 bolical Norman churches already mentioned of Lessay and 
 Coutances send their message westward across the Atlantic 
 to our eastern shores, which they front. 
 
 They now rank among the historical monuments of France, 
 along with their slightly further advanced southern neigh- 
 
40 The Age of Understanding 
 
 bor, Mont Saint Michel, built from the twelfth century- 
 onward, as an abbatial symbol of the Hebraic faith to 
 Michael the archangel and spiritual guardian of the Jewish 
 race, whose mystical apparition on the Mount is recorded 
 in 702 A.D. 
 
 Mont Saint Michel, at the mouth of the Couesnon River, 
 the boundary of Normandy and Brittany, was originally a 
 dominating peak-hill in the Breton forest of Scissy, crowned 
 by a Druid temple and a famous grove. 
 
 Through the plagean perversity of a seventh century tidal 
 cataclysm, which in "a judgment of God," according to con- 
 temporary historians, swamped the immoral pagan region, 
 the Couesnon changed its delta, and as Wace the Breladian 
 and Norman Chronicler rhymes the incident: 
 
 "La Couesnon par sa folie The Couesnon by stupidity 
 
 A mis le Mont en Norman- Has placed the Mount in 
 die." | Normandy. 
 
 A medieval merveille — marvel — a glorious architectural 
 monument, restored from 1866 onward, clothes the "mons 
 in periculo maris — the mount in danger of the sea" — 
 where the annual anniversary and festival of the coronation 
 of the archangel Saint Michael — Melchisedech or Shem, son 
 of Noah — is held on July 4th — another example of interna- 
 tional relationship so arranged or foreordained, — America's 
 Independence Day. 
 
 During the Anglo-Norman Gothic period from the 
 eleventh to the fifteenth centuries, civilization rose to con- 
 siderable heights in Western Europe, while Eastern Europe 
 fell before Mohammedanism. 
 
 Through male degeneracy and evil feminism, however, 
 samples of which are described by Knox in his "Monstrous 
 Regiment of Women," Christian civilization in Western 
 Europe from the fifteenth century onward again became a 
 falling and rising family contest between Hebrew, Catholic, 
 and Protestant divergencies of opinion. 
 
 The contest was only redeemed by the slow but important 
 advance of science or knowledge, rebuilt on Greek, Egyptian 
 
History 41 
 
 and Arabic foundations, through Copernicus, Bruno, Galileo, 
 Kepler, Descartes, Newton, Leibnitz, and a host of suc- 
 cessors. 
 
 * * * 
 
 For the regeneration of the Old World, a New World had 
 been sought and found by the Italo-Spanish Jew, Chris- 
 topher Columbus, in 1492, forty years after the overthrow 
 of the Eastern Catholic Church by the Moslems and during 
 the great schism leading to the growing rupture in the 
 Western Catholic Church. 
 
 According to the baptismal nomenclature of his day, 
 Christopher was the Christ-bearer and Columbus the male 
 dove. 
 
 From the combination, the title of the New World 
 daughter and mother of the dove-like spirit of wisdom — 
 Columbia — , is supposed to be derived. 
 
 Both Aquinas and Longfellow " — and 'Gilbert' a friend 
 interjects," have truly written: "things are not what they 
 seem," and modern, matter-of-fact Americans, are some- 
 what impatient, not to say derisive of obscure symbolism, 
 cloaking truth. 
 
 The most important fact is clear that Columbus redis- 
 covered the islands and continent of Central and South 
 America, assumed by many authorities to be the remains of 
 the long-lost "Atlantis" of ancient Egyptian and Greek 1 
 geographers, with mute colossal architectural remains of 
 antediluvian civilizations, re-uplifted, and with their then 
 existing civilizations and astrolatry of Mayan stock, notably 
 Mexican Aztecs and Peruvian Incas, in a flourishing condi- 
 tion. 
 
 Judging evidently from the general conditions of Old 
 World life, modern historians even, note with apparent sur- 
 prise, where none should be, that before the European in- 
 vasion, cultivating industries and arts, suited to their 
 natural conditions and environment, the natives lived in a 
 highly developed interrelated marital condition of friendli- 
 ness, happiness and harmony, and of comparative peace, law, 
 and order. 
 
 Prescott writes : "The discipline of children, especially at 
 the public schools, was exceedingly severe. In the counsels 
 
42 The Age of Understanding 
 
 to a daughter about to enter into life, parents conjured her 
 to preserve simplicity in her manners and conversation, uni- 
 form neatness in her attire, with strict attention to personal 
 cleanliness. They inculcated modesty, as the great orna- 
 ment of a woman and implicit reverence for her husband. 
 
 "In the counsels of a father to his son is the remarkable 
 (why remarkable? — A) declaration that for the multiplica- 
 tion of the species, God ordained one man only for one 
 woman." 
 
 "Polygamy existed, but was chiefly confined probably to 
 the wealthiest classes." 
 
 Of the Incas, an early Spanish chronicler wrote : "There 
 was much in their rule which was so good as to deserve praise 
 and be even worthy of imitation." 
 
 Markham, a serious student and historian, writes : "The 
 condition of the people under the Incas though one of tute- 
 lage and dependence at the same time secured a large 
 amount of material comfort and happiness. 
 
 "Theirs was indeed socialism such as dreamers in past 
 ages have conceived, and unpractical theorists now talk 
 about. It existed once because the essential conditions were 
 combined in a way which is never likely to occur again. 
 These are an inexorable despotism, absolute exemption from 
 outside interference of any kind, a very peculiar and remark- 
 able people in an early stage of civilization, and an extraor- 
 dinary combination of skilful statesmanship. It was de- 
 stroyed by the Spanish conquest and the world will never 
 see its like. 
 
 "Peruvian socialism was not a conception of the Incas, 
 but the result of much more ancient organizations recog- 
 nized and adopted by the Incas." 
 
 With their advent, the male Amerindians looked upon the 
 white Europeans as angelic sons of gods, until their female 
 population revealed them as sensual sons of the medieval 
 "doevil or d'evil," and the usual syphilitic degeneracy began. 
 
 Northward, previously visited according to tradition from 
 the tenth century on by Icelanders, Welshmen and Basque- 
 men, — Spanish, English, French, Dutch and other navi- 
 gators and travelers, explored and colonized Newfoundland, 
 Canada and America southward to the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
History 43 
 
 The discoverer of the Galena and Blue Earth mines of 
 Illinois and Minnesota, and the first European to travel 
 the route from Lake Superior down the Wisconsin River to 
 the Mississippi and the Gulf of Mexico, back to Europe in 
 1683, was an ancestor of the writer, six generations removed. 
 
 On his return, for twenty years he was a leader in the 
 exploitation of the colony of Louisiana, then extending in 
 the Middle West from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of 
 Mexico. He died on the road during an expedition against 
 revolting Natchez Indians in 1703. 
 
 The first scientist to study and describe the natural his- 
 tory of the Mississippi Valley, three generations later, was 
 another member of the family. 
 
 Early dates connected with North American discovery, 
 settlement and colonization are: 
 
 1492. The Italo-Spanish Jew, Christopher Columbus, re- 
 discovered America, known traditionally to Egyp- 
 tians, Chinese, Greeks, Icelanders, Welshmen, and 
 Basques. 
 
 1504. Spanish, French and Anglo-Norman fishermen made 
 summer fishing settlements in Newfoundland. 
 
 1534. French traders established a permanent settlement at 
 Tadousac on the Saint Lawrence River at the mouth 
 of the Saguenay. 
 
 1565. Spaniards founded Saint Augustine, Florida. (Spain 
 sold Florida to the U. S. in 1819 for $5,000,000.) 
 
 1598. Frenchmen colonized A(r)cadia (but in 1755 their 
 descendants were deported by the British 1 ). 
 
 1600. Frenchmen extended trade relations throughout the 
 Hudson Valley. 
 
 1607. English Cavaliers founded Jamestown, Va. 
 
 1608. Frenchmen founded Quebec. 
 
 1614. Dutchmen founded New York and Albany, N. Y., 
 under the names of Nieuw Amsterdam and Fort 
 Orange, in New Netherland. 
 
 1 Frenchmen first named Nova Scotia Arcadie; this was corrupted by 
 the local Micmac Indians into Akade, which meant to them "land of 
 plenty." 
 
44 The Age of Understanding 
 
 1620. Anglo-Dutch Pilgrims, settled 12 years at Ley den, 
 Holland, emigrated and founded Plymouth, Mass. 
 
 1621. Scotchmen settled among the French in A(r)cadia, 
 now New Scotland or Nova Scotia. 
 
 1628. French Huguenots founded the Church of the Holy 
 Spirit in New York City. 
 
 1630. English Puritans founded Boston, Mass. 
 
 1632. Anglo-Irish Catholics settled in Maryland. 
 
 1638. Swedes founded Wilmington, Del. 
 
 1664. British took possession of New Netherland and re- 
 named it New York. 
 
 1664. Anglo-Norman Cavaliers replaced Dutch, Swedish 
 and Danish settlers in the government of New Jersey. 
 
 1682. Frenchmen extending the acquisition of New France 
 or Canada along the Saint Lawrence River and the 
 Great Lakes, thence descended the Mississippi River 
 to the Gulf of Mexico, taking possession of the Valley 
 and entire Midwest Region in the name of Louis, 
 King of France, — as Louisiana. (France sold all this 
 vast territory to the U. S. in 1803 for $15,000,000 
 — see Introduction.) 
 
 1683. Welsh Quakers and Palatinate Germans settled in 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Thus, the most farseeing, energetic and enterprising in- 
 dividuals of Old World races and subsequent immigrations 
 blended to make the American white race. 
 
 Among these, after the eighteenth century, an improving 
 form of the Anglo-Norman language, as explained later, 
 spread and became the convenient speech of communication, 
 along the eastern seaboard, north and south. 
 
 There, in Florida, New France, Acadia, Virginia, Louisi- 
 ana, New Amsterdam, New England, Maryland, and Penn- 
 sylvania, within forty-five years, were planted varied Euro- 
 pean types and races with high ideals of womanhood, largely 
 derived through the contemporary trend of Calvinistic 
 thought, from those original Hebro-Norman principles over 
 which Henry Adams, of the eponymic Massachusetts family, 
 somewhat imperceptively expresses astonishment in his great 
 book on "Mont Saint Michel and Chartres." 
 
History 45 
 
 The veneration and love of motherhood surely should 
 create no wonder nor surprise among fathers and sons who 
 live by the honor code and who, as inborn gentlemen, respect 
 all girlhood and womanhood with the same reverent regard 
 they expect all men to show their mothers, sisters, and 
 wives. 
 
 As Minerva or Wisdom the Mother was said by Greeks 
 and Hebrews to have sprung from the mind of Jove or Je- 
 hovah the Father, so both our American poets, Pallen and 
 Daly, respectively of French and Irish descent, have beau- 
 tifully expressed the sentiment that woman sprang from the 
 heart of man to be his companion, helpmeet and comforter ; 
 thus idealizing the biological and evolutionary fact already 
 registered of the separated homologues. 
 
 Deep in the true love of clean manhood — lover, husband, 
 father, son and brother — dwells the ever-living desire to 
 enshrine the virtuous sweetheart, wife, mother, daughter 
 and sister, safely in the masculine heart of humanity, to 
 shield them from the contamination of all evil defilement and 
 harm. 
 
 Taking into consideration the pernicious alien propa- 
 ganda that continues in our country, the impartial his- 
 torian must point out the distinction that exists between 
 the Norman and Saxon characteristics which differentiated 
 European life. 
 
 The chivalry and humanity of the purifying single moral 
 standard spiritualized the higher Norman-Celtic and 
 pacific thought of Western Europe and America. 
 
 The carnalism and inhumanity of the double immoral 
 standard materialized the Teutonic-Saxon and military 
 brand, and, as a seemingly inevitable product of so-called 
 aristocracy, unfortunately found supporters in European 
 kings and queens ; notably in Henry VIII of England, Louis 
 XV of France, the two Catherines of Russia, and the unfor- 
 tunate inheritors of their viciousness, even down to the 
 present day. 
 
 It is useless to dodge, Froude-like, the merciless logic of 
 facts. 
 
 Truth-telling is one of the greatest needs of the day, 
 despite the inevitable sneers from 'reds' as well as 'aristo- 
 
46 The Age of Understanding 
 
 crats,' at eugenic principles, which, with their regrettably 
 inherited sensualism, they regard as impractical. 
 
 "Qualis rex, talis grex — Like king, like people," said the 
 Romans. 
 
 "The state is the individual writ large," said the Greeks. 
 
 Nearly thirty years ago, in 1892, Moncure Conway was 
 acutely far-seeing when he asserted that "the egoistic vanity 
 of George III of England had been transmitted to his great 
 grandson "ex-Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, and asked: 
 "Will Germany be presently punished for its religion?" 
 
 With an accompaniment of secularism, formalism, pas- 
 sive indifference, and the inevitable detachment of morality, 
 through the subdued but "unchained tigress" instinct in 
 subjective German motherhood, the double standard for 
 males produced the incarnate, autocratic Junker class, who 
 directed the German campaign of inhumanity in the World 
 War. "Sons of male brutes," as they were truthfully termed, 
 "rulers of a nation taught with the mothers' milk that 
 human right must yield to brutal might," as a Japanese 
 statesman succinctly states the incontrovertible biological 
 fact. 
 
 Biological and historical science has long shown how 
 individuals and nations, by surrender to material unmoral 
 instincts, bring about their own destruction and how to 
 escape the general ruin, a stable society can be founded only 
 on the domestic relations purified by a moral standard, with 
 the masculine virtues continually developed and prepared — 
 not for oifense — but for the maintenance and defense of pure 
 womanhood and family life in righteousness, justice and 
 civilization, — the cardinal elements of American belief. 
 
 No writer can regard himself as competent to attempt 
 any complete synthesis of world civilization, without being 
 thoroughly acquainted with all efforts to establish definite 
 laws of development out of the chaos of history and science. 
 
 It requires a highly-gifted mind to synthesize correctly. 
 
 The subject is of too involved and speculative a nature for 
 the historical method and needs a very careful philosophical 
 handling. 
 
History 47 
 
 Redman even suggests that : "It is dangerous to attempt 
 a synthetic treatment of various currents of thought with 
 the intention of leading them into one single definable 
 stream." 
 
 As a few of the high-lights, however, which could be 
 largely multiplied for a definitive perspective of civiliza- 
 tion, the foregoing discursive, and the writer trusts, interest- 
 ing paragraphs, furnish a singularly related series of his- 
 torical illustrations, to exemplify the need of that continual 
 watchfulness which the ever-maligned Church and spiritual 
 guardians of faith and morals, clerical and secular, seek to 
 exercise through the regenerating influences of moral educa- 
 tion over the inherited evil instincts of mortal life among 
 rebellious youth, throughout the world. 
 
 The boy becomes father of son and daughter; the girl 
 becomes mother of daughter and son. 
 
 It is the paramount duty of parents, guardians, educators 
 and statesmen to see to it that sons and daughters do not 
 become brutally animalized through ignorance, aristocrati- 
 cally degenerated through material education, but healthfully 
 spiritualized through moral education. 
 
 To the casual observer, it is astounding how even well- 
 bred youth, through ignorance and curiosity, will suddenly 
 degenerate, unless careful parental or guardian watchfulness 
 is exercised. 
 
 Especially the female of the nymphobiac age, in tricks or 
 wiles to lure, or to respond to the advances of the vicious 
 young male type. 
 
 This is noticeable in all countries and nearer to nature in 
 rural villages and seaside summer resorts, than in city life, 
 although there it is sufficiently in evidence. 
 
 Modern literature of all nations and recent history 
 seethes with the immoral effects of neglected early supef^ 
 vision of education in faith and morals among youth. 
 
 In fact, one irritated British educator recently described 
 the boy-mind as a pig-sty. 
 
 In the treatment of the daughter, during the dark passage 
 from ignorant and curiosity-seeking girlhood to pain- 
 stricken young womanhood, an unfortunate inheritance from 
 the original evil of promiscuity, parents might learn a guid- 
 
48 The Age of Understanding 
 
 ing lesson from George Eliot's "How Lisa Loved the 
 King," based upon a story from Boccaccio. 
 
 It cannot be too strongly impressed on youth that the 
 interests of the future require chastity in both man and 
 woman, and that the perfection of life is that which seeks 
 the good of morality, and shuns the evils of vice in the 
 blighting of young lives through immorality. 
 
 Youth will always need careful training in morals. 
 
 The young male, the clean respect of girlhood and mother- 
 hood. 
 
 The young female, to realize that through motherhood, 
 she should be the pure shrine of the spirit of wisdom to in- 
 fluence all future generations of the human race. 
 
 No finer expression in literature of this latter sentiment is 
 found than that from the pen of Sophie Jewett, written for 
 a Smith College commencement. 
 
 "For this thy child, a woman earnest-eyed, 
 Who wears thy gracious favors worthily, 
 
 Pledges her honest faith, her constant pride 
 To live her life as one who holds in trust 
 God's gold to give again, who fearless must 
 Face the great days to be." 
 
 "Le beau monde gouverne le monde — The better class 
 (the spiritual not the autocratic) governs the world." 
 
 Unfortunately, they have to combat the unnatural and 
 unmoral antagonism to eugenic principles not only among 
 ignorant people, but particularly among wealthy libertines 
 and profligates, and notably from travelers and novelists, 
 male and female, of inherited degraded tendencies, who can- 
 not rise superior to what they are pleased to term "red- 
 blooded, healthful sensualism," and declare that morality is 
 relative to physical environment, rather than necessary for 
 civilization and world progress. 
 
 Even with leprous Molokai and 'John Barleycorn,' re- 
 vealed for perpetual warning, this type of modern educated 
 men and women vaunt, for example, pagan Pacific examples 
 of promiscuous vice and drink, as ideals of living for higher 
 civilization. 
 
History 49 
 
 "Birds of a feather flock together." 
 
 "Like attracts like," is the great law of gravitation, and 
 modern biologists describe these immoral attracting affinities 
 in the inherited sensualism of immediate and unreasoning 
 desire, as forever heedless of the ancient precept, "mens 
 sana in corpore sano — the clean or healthy mind in the clean 
 or healthy body" ; as utterly regardless of the principles of 
 ancient and modern moral education, self-knowledge, self- 
 respect, self-control, through "conversion" or "sublimation," 
 as advocated anew by Freud. 
 
 With all due respect to homeopathic friends, the law of 
 "similia similibus curantur — like cures like," does not seem 
 to apply to immoral living, unless the cure is recognized in 
 the mutual disgust and separation, usually through satiety, 
 disease, jealousy or tragedy, that invariably ensue. 
 
 Although warned, it appears as though some types of 
 young manhood and womanhood can only learn through 
 painful, personal, physical experience. 
 
 These degenerate affinities in advancing years, in climac- 
 teric periods of melancholia, always deplore the follies of 
 their immature immorality and sensual reasonings in warn- 
 ings to future generations. 
 
 This is a notable historical fact, from the time of David 
 onward* invariably ignored, but attested and confirmed 
 through modern science by published observations of 
 Freudian psychoanalysts who, in dealing with such matters, 
 are wrongfully charged with sex-obsession. 
 
 Sex is the foundation of life, and life can only be studied 
 through the conduct or behavior of the sexes, and its effects 
 on communities, nations and world history. 
 
 For centuries, theologians have mystically taught, and 
 now psychoanalysts seek to teach scientifically, that the 
 moral life must be developed through "sublimation" or the 
 practice of personal purity, that children must be born and 
 bred eugenically, if the universal desire to ensure peace and 
 goodwill among men and nations for civilization and world 
 progress is to be attained. 
 
 Behaviorism, in philosophy, postulates that the animal 
 — human or beast — can only be judged by its actions or 
 reactions towards conditions and unexpected situations. 
 
50 The Age of Understanding 
 
 A sample judgment may be cited from Froude who, con- 
 doning the polygamous male, in his euphuistic treatment of 
 the ill-fated Anne Boleyn, second wife of Henry VIII of 
 England, writes: "No lady of true delicacy would have 
 accepted such a position." 
 
 To equalize the criticism, he might have added: "On the 
 other hand, no man of gentlemanly instincts, king or com- 
 moner, would have placed a lady in such a position." 
 
 Instinct is the controlling and saving principle among the 
 lower animals, but for self-preservation and progress 
 towards the better life of the future, human beings, endowed 
 with reasoning powers, have to cultivate conscience and self- 
 control through self-knowledge and self-respect, or reap 
 for themselves and transmit to their children and their 
 children's children, the evil inheritance of their vice, stupidity 
 and folly. 
 
 This is a fundamental of natural law, confirmed by the 
 facts of history and science. 
 
 Similar to a physician in the study, observation, and 
 healing of diseases, it is not necessary, as some cynics sug- 
 gest, for rabbi, priest, educator, statesman, philosopher, 
 and moralist to experience the social diseases and conditions 
 they diagnose, to prescribe or demonstrate the remedy 
 taught by science, as well as by history and civilization. 
 
CHAPTER IV 
 
 CIVILIZATION 
 
 Civilization reached a point hitherto unapproached in 
 history, when an extension of the fourth century doctrine of 
 the moral family unit was given to the world during the 
 fifties of the Victorian period of British history. 
 
 "Coming events cast their shadows before." 
 
 The establishment at Macon, Ga., in 1834, of the first 
 chartered college in the world, for the better education of 
 young womanhood, foreshadows the action. 
 
 The establishment of the college is said to have originated 
 from early Anthonian experiences in Georgia of the young 
 Anglican rector Wesley, who inaugurated the Oxford move- 
 ment for moral reform of the eighteenth century, advocating 
 "methodism" in conduct and study, to promote a return 
 to a better life. 
 
 In the nineteenth century, following Methodism, the Trac- 
 tarian and numerous other movements for world unity on 
 the subject of moral reform, were pushed with the vigorous 
 gospel-spreading slogan, "Educate the World," newly orig- 
 inated by Dr. Temple, the "Ionian" Master of Rugby, later 
 Primate of All England. 
 
 The extended moral doctrine created a wave of thought 
 which swept over the world and gave birth to Darwin's evo- 
 lution (1859), to Galton's eugenics (1865), to Mendel's 
 heredity (1868) and the contemporary advance of educa- 
 tion, science, invention and exploration, opening up to 
 western influence, China, Korea and Japan in the Far East ; 
 the African continent; and colonizing Australia, New Zea- 
 land, and the Pacific Islands. 
 
 The first cathedral monument to the extended doctrine was 
 built at Albany, the capital of the Empire State of New 
 
 51 
 
5£ The Age of Understanding 
 
 York in 1852, where Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise had been 
 preaching modern Judaism from 1846. 
 
 The practical synthesis of this extended doctrine, forecast 
 by Paul, eighteen centuries previously, is: 
 
 "Equal to father and son are the mother and daughter 
 in the spirit of good, or, the well-bred daughter of a wise 
 mother becomes a good wife and the wise mother of virtuous 
 children for succeeding generations." 
 
 From 1860, through the wonderful strides of science and 
 education, civilization rapidly advanced by decades, espe- 
 cially after the opening of the twentieth century, until 
 wrecked in 1914 by the ex-Kaiser in the German opposi- 
 tion to the Russian, the Belgian and Gallican, the Angli- 
 can, Italian and American principles of Christianity. 
 
 Nations do not seem to be able to agree on the principles 
 and practice of Christianity. Even that benevolent but 
 misled German philosopher, Eucken, before the War was 
 asking the question, and answering it to his own satisfac- 
 tion — "Can we still be Christians ?" 
 
 * * * 
 
 When civilization was again riven to its foundations by 
 the Teutonic reversion to type in worse than primal bar- 
 barism — because educated and scientific — the scourge was 
 again revealed which descends upon the earth to purify and 
 regenerate the human race. 
 
 Is it impossible for the world to learn from the lessons of 
 the past, the needs of the present and future? 
 
 In "The Trend of the Race," Holmes says, "The race has 
 its fate in its own hands to make or to mar. Will it ever take 
 itself in hand and shape its own destiny?" 
 
 As already pointed out, history reveals a condition of con- 
 tinuous warfare between sex, sects and nations, during the 
 passing millennium, which has only one hundred and eighty 
 years to go to complete its course. 
 
 No one now alive will see its finish. 
 
 It would almost seem that similar to the individual, each 
 generation and each century must work out its own salva- 
 tion. 
 
 * * * 
 
Civilization 53 
 
 In the ancient classics, the Mosaic "Torah, Pentateuch, 
 or Law" and the "Talmud or Teachings," known generally 
 as the "Old Testament," in the "Mishneh Torah or Second 
 Law," in the Syriac-Greek "Gospels and Epistles" called 
 the "New Testament," in the Apocrypha of both Testa- 
 ments, in Apocalyptic Literature, in the reproductions, 
 translations and compilations from these sources, the Latin 
 Vulgate, the Douay English, the Lutheran German, the Gen- 
 evan French, the King James British, and the American 
 Revised Bibles, is condensed the spiritual wisdom of the 
 world, of the sages of the ages, forever calling to mental and 
 physical purification, so as to promote the principles of 
 sane living, of peace and goodwill among humankind and 
 nations. 
 
 Different opinions naturally exist as to the value of these 
 books with their varied translations, mistranslations, ver- 
 sions and perversions, their adaptations to political and 
 national crises and needs. While some people, unfortunately 
 for the progress of civilization, make their versions a fetish, 
 imperceptive fanaticism being almost as great a deterrent to 
 pure faith as callous infidelity, advanced Hebraic and Chris- 
 tian thought has long acknowledged the literary peculiari- 
 ties of the narratives to be careful, deliberate productions, 
 free poetic treatments, parables, similitudes, miracles, fables, 
 embodying truthful principles for right living. Biographi- 
 cal incidents idealized as lessons to inculcate the higher 
 science and philosophy of life, which are not regarded as 
 history. 
 
 In the inspired and treasured original languages, as in the 
 best of the literature of all nations, are traditions, stories, 
 records, lessons and pictures of the past, in which as in a 
 revolving mirror, may be seen the evil that will continue in 
 the days to come, unless a better understanding on the sub- 
 ject of regeneration is reached by the intellectual world in 
 general. 
 
 Hebrew and Greek, the Eurasian languages which have 
 preserved for humanity the eternal philosophy of good, — or 
 God, — clothe their thoughts with a mysticism of Orientalism, 
 
54 The Age of Understanding 
 
 which presents peculiar problems to translators, commenta- 
 tors, and the cooler and less imaginative northern and west- 
 ern minds, among whom also, divided into hundreds of di- 
 vergent orthodox and unorthodox Hebraic-Christian bodies, 
 just as the Mediterranean or Old Middle World was in the 
 second century, different views exist of the manner to in- 
 culcate the same teachings rationally. 
 
 All records show that when generations arise which ig- 
 nore the spirit of good, the incredible stupidity and wicked- 
 ness of arrogant pride, the spirit of evil, becomes rampant, 
 and wars, famines, pestilences and all the "red-fool fury" 
 and horrors of revolution and civil strife descend upon the 
 earth, taking toll, along with the wicked, of the good and 
 better kind who, self-centered, have not worked for righteous- 
 ness to overcome the evil in the world. 
 
 Reason itself exacts vengeance, for reason rises above 
 material ideals to turn vicious mortals from obstinacy in 
 evil, for the ^purification of the human race. 
 
 Evil, even, becomes disgusted and purges itself. 
 
 The evil in parents still descends in punishment upon the 
 children to the third and fourth generations. 
 
 In modern times, the historian sees victims of inherited 
 evil in Charles I of England, Louis XVI and Marie Antoi- 
 nette of France, Tsar Alexander II, the late Tsar Nicholas 
 and his family, in Prince Joachim, as well as in the millions 
 of innocent civilian soldiers who made the supreme sacri- 
 fice on the altars of immoral arrogance during the recent 
 World War. 
 
 When ambition, self-glorification and autocratic pride 
 overthrew the towering pillars of modem philosophy, science 
 and progress in Europe in 1914, the profound necessity of 
 physical, mental, and spiritual aids became all the more 
 vividly apparent. 
 
 From the very beginning of their preparations in the 
 eighties, all the conceivable barbarities implied in the Satanic 
 principles and purposes for which the war was begun by the 
 unmoral degenerates who wrought all the wreck and ruin, 
 were foreseen by men of clear vision. 
 
 
Civilization 55 
 
 Forgetting their family relationships and common cause, 
 the ultimate welfare and improvement of the human race 
 and human conditions on this planet, ignoring the inevitable 
 failures of force measures, which history reveals of every 
 similar attempt, political or ecclesiastical, the Prussian 
 Junkers had to start an amok of unparalleled slaughter and 
 frightfulness against humanity in a deeply laid, but for them 
 fatally aggressive, scheme to attain world domination. 
 
 Roosevelt relates the incident of a familiar conversation 
 with the ex-Kaiser during his pre-war visit to Berlin, when 
 referring to peace activities, the ex-monarch spoke of our 
 late great industrial leader, noted for his library and other 
 world-civilizing philanthropies, as "that old fool Carnegie." 
 
 This exhibited the inbred impulsiveness of arrogant tact- 
 lessness, similar to his "Cave adsum" telegraphic message 
 as a youth to Bismarck, mentioned in the McClure biogra- 
 phy; his South African wire to President Kruger; the im- 
 perially inspired Wittenberg proclamation of October 31, 
 1917, on the four hundredth anniversary of Luther anism: 
 "We especially warn against the heresy promulgated from 
 America that Christianity enjoins democratic institutions"; 
 the "dear Nicky- Willy" letters ; and numerous other ex- 
 amples since revealed, such as : "Germany will not accept 
 the American peace of understanding. Wilson should be 
 kicked out." 
 
 It is not difficult to surmise that with his American world 
 outlook, virile Roosevelt, exercising the expediency of mental 
 reservation, classed the hereditary monarch with some of 
 the monied kings of our nation, whom he has described as 
 "undesirable citizens." 
 
 The ex-Kaiser's opinion, no doubt, embraced the whole 
 circle of simple-minded pacifists, including the murdered 
 Jaures, who believed that "the hour of universal peace had 
 struck and the day had arrived when nations should be 
 governed by the same high code of honor that is demanded of 
 individuals"; that the old pre-Christian principle of the 
 youthful, high-minded Tobias should prevail: "See thou 
 never do to another what thou wouldst hate to have done 
 thee by another." 
 
 Pacifists thought it impossible that in the wonderful state 
 
56 The Age of Understanding 
 
 of "kultur" to which the world had advanced, a superautoc- 
 racy of educated morons could have developed, so depraved 
 as to plot and carry out plans, which they knew would re- 
 sult in the indiscriminate and wholesale murder of millions 
 of their innocent fellow-beings by war and the unsettled con- 
 ditions of famines and pestilences, which still continue as 
 a result of their evil plotting. 
 
 Pacifists spurned the idea that to combat evil methods 
 of warfare, they themselves would have to develop deeper 
 cunning and invent and employ superevil reprisal methods, 
 so that right should conquer the ignorance and immorality 
 of arrogant might and rescue civilization. 
 
 Militants and pacifists can now agree with Mencius the 
 Chinese philosopher who, three centuries before the present 
 era, wrote: 
 
 "He who defies justice (or refuses arbitration) is a 
 tyrant. He who commits an outrage on humanity is a 
 criminal. Such men we look on as reprobate and outcast." 
 
 In fact, twenty-two hundred years later, when Hinden- 
 burg appealed to Foch to be spared the ignominy of trial 
 for crime on the ground that he merely served his Father- 
 land, Lloyd George almost re-echoed the words of Mencius, 
 asserting that: "the time had passed when men were con- 
 tent to regard war as the legitimate sport of monarchs or 
 militarists, and the time had come to stigmatize an unjust 
 war as one of the most execrable of crimes and the perpetra- 
 tors thereof, criminals of the most degraded type." 
 
 Is the rescue of European civilization, wrought by Amer- 
 ica in 1918, to fail? 
 
 The historical and studied clerical policy of expediency 
 and wise restraint through hidden truth, until acknowledged 
 by general lay perception, which instigated Voltaire's ridi- 
 cule of Roman-Greek teachings, and made equally impercep- 
 tive Nietzsche at Basle, when verging on lunacy, repeat 
 against Lutheran-Calvinistic teachings, "Ecrasez l'infame — 
 Crush the infamy!" is no longer necessary, at least in the 
 United States. 
 
 Education and the light and truth of scientific per- 
 
Civilization 51 
 
 ception are sufficiently advanced here for the age of under- 
 standing, reconciliation and reconstruction. 
 
 The revelation to European and Asiatic nations from 
 1917 to 1919 of American standards of life, hitherto con- 
 sidered as impracticable notions of loftiness and purity, 
 exemplifies the unique and major influence of morals and 
 morale in civil and militant life. 
 
 Lord Bryce, former British ambassador at Washington, 
 has deprecatingly but amusingly remarked: "Nobody ever 
 heard of a nation whose virtues made other nations love it." 
 
 Nevertheless, there is no harm in pointing out the success- 
 ful effort of the physical, spiritual and religious blend of 
 body, mind and soul in combined relief and welfare work 
 which, taking under advisement the syphilitic evils perpetu- 
 ated through European conflicts from the sixteenth century, 
 operated during the World War to maintain and send back 
 into American and Allied life, an exemplar crusading legion 
 of millions of young men, Protestant-Catholic-Hebrew-Gen- 
 tile, of clean lives and moral ideals, the future fathers of the 
 newer world, the newer age, and the newer life to come. 
 
 The exceptions were a shamed minority of ignorant vene- 
 reals, corrupted mentally and when diseased — as usual — 
 physically repentant. 
 
 "When the devil was sick, 
 
 The devil a saint would be: 
 When the devil was well, 
 
 The devil a saint was he!" 
 
 The toll of vice is death, mortal and spiritual. 
 
 Among the suicides of war through promiscuous vice 
 and its results, none was more pitiful than those of some 
 young women who had volunteered for service with the Allied 
 armies. As unconventional sports, they selected to "go their 
 own gait," regardless of consequences. Outwardly nice girls 
 of good families, but secretly immoral as that awful example 
 of "The Leper" described by Swinburne, they became in- 
 curably diseased, and to escape the "hell of whoredom in 
 protracted suffering," which they had brought upon them- 
 selves and their evil companions in vice, they ended their 
 mortal lives. 
 
58 The Age of Understanding 
 
 The heartfelt and willing service of high-minded, non- 
 sectarian American men and women who sought and still 
 seek through their "fleets of mercy" to elevate humankind 
 and to furnish humane attributes in body, mind and soul, to 
 "save the children" of all nations reveals a brilliant triumph 
 of spirit over matter, recognized even in attempted sar- 
 casm by a Moscow journalist on September 24, 1921, when 
 he described Mr. Hoover's helpers as "archdukes of the Y. 
 M. C. A. sublimely proud in bearing, with the manners of a 
 merchant educated in a Sunday School" ; — more praise to 
 them. 
 
 Mortals after all are spiritual creations, not mere carnal 
 animals, nor material soulless machines. 
 
 In the ages of evolution still before the world, liberal 
 American principles and ethical values may yet elevate 
 human nature to develop in the mortal body on earth, — 
 through the good in father and mother implanted in the son, 
 — the finer structure of the Temple of God, human and 
 divine, as the personal symbol of an eventual all-embracing 
 World-Church. 
 
 Purified above all the sphere of controversy, the Temple 
 of God would then assert its rightful position as the system 
 and creed of the individual and personal ideal in each soul. 
 
 * * * 
 
 The Temple of God — the Hebrew Parental Synagogue — 
 which gave Christianity to the world, is a very living Church 
 in America, despite Sargent's ill-advised and ill-conceived 
 dull painting in the Boston Public Library, a medieval idea 
 copied from a crude sculpture in Notre Dame Cathedral, 
 Paris, depicting the Synagogue in ruins around the racial 
 Eve. 
 
 The poverty of the symbolism is not redeemed even by the 
 companion picture, supposed to represent the Mother 
 Church, but a mediocre, overloaded travesty on Michel- 
 angelo's simple, inimitable and definitive sculpture of "La 
 Pieta," depicting the Hebrew Mother looking in mute agony 
 on the body of her Son, placed in her arms and on her lap, 
 when taken down from the Cross. 
 
 To the studious traveler, the impersonal, impartial ob- 
 server, the merger of Hebraic-Christian principles, through 
 
Civilization 59 
 
 the civilizing American ideal, is being closely demonstrated 
 throughout the States in new Hebrew temples and syna- 
 gogues, in new Christian evangelical churches, and notice- 
 ably in perpendicular, square-towered Catholic and Episco- 
 pal churches with the historical altar and baldachino canopy 
 of exilian Babylonian-Hebraic origin. 
 
 The merger is particularly noticeable in the musical ser- 
 vices of these churches. 
 
 The Yigdal-Covenant paraphrase, "The God of Abraham 
 praise," written by the itinerant Methodist preacher Thomas 
 Oliver in 1770 and set by Cantor Leoni to one of the tradi- 
 tional melodies sung in Solomon's Temple, is a frequent selec- 
 tion in all evangelical churches. 
 
 "Rise, crowned with Light ! imperial Salem, rise !" written 
 by Alexander Pope the English Catholic poet in 1712 and 
 sung to Lwof's national Russo-Greek Catholic anthem- 
 melody, is especially popular in Episcopal churches. 
 
 "Lead, Kindly Light" (1833) and "Faith of Our Fathers" 
 (1849), by the Anglo-Catholic priests, Newman and Faber, 
 and "Nearer, my God to Thee" (1841) by the English Uni- 
 tarian Sarah F. Adams, are favorite hymns with all. 
 
 Since writing the preceding paragraphs, intelligence from 
 Pittsburgh of June 12, 1921, is reported that : " 'The Church 
 of the Wilderness,' a union church or tabernacle in which 
 virtually all Christian denominations may worship, is to be 
 erected on the summit of historic Laurel Hill, Fairfield Town- 
 ship, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. In compliance 
 with the rules of the Catholic Church, its prelates could not 
 agree to the plan, until they received an assurance of having 
 an exclusive altar, consecrated to their Church. The plans 
 call for a trinity of altars." 
 
 At last, Christian Church unity, a very much-needed ex- 
 ample for world-union and civilization, seems to be in sight 
 in the United States, although virtually all seem still to 
 point to the exclusion of such civilized Christians as He- 
 brews, Unitarians, Christian Scientists and other advanced 
 Gentiles, who desire more lucid, understandable and modern 
 interpretations of ancient forms of Eurasian dogmata. 
 
60 The Age of Understanding 
 
 In other parts of the world, the union of Christendom is 
 being advocated through Sionism, notably by the British 
 Israel World Federation, and other worthy but somewhat 
 retrogressive, rather than progressive associations. 
 
 The triumph of Sionism, the promotion of which, in 
 lovers of the traditional, has some adherents in America, 
 has been predicted if universal faith and world unity on the 
 fundamental of life could be attained, according to some, 
 for the opening of the third millennium of the Christian era 
 in 2100 A.D. ; according to others, for the opening of the 
 seventh millennium of the seventh creative "Day" of the 
 Hebrew era in 6100, about 234*0 A.D., which would more 
 closely approximate the 2000 years since the inauguration 
 of the Christian era by Constantine. 
 
 The problem of the Caliphate of Mohammedanism, for- 
 merly vested in the Sultan of Turkey, with its necessary 
 suzerainty over the holy cities of Mecca, Medina and 
 Jerusalem, is now vested in the British imperial government. 
 
 Ancient Jerusalem, Uru-Salim "City of Peace," the city 
 of countless sacred traditions, Hebrew, Christian, Moslem, 
 on Mount Sion ancient Mount Moriah, as also the holy 
 Moslem cities, Mecca and Medina, in Arabia, came under 
 British control, with the collapse of German and Turkish 
 intrigue, in 1917. 
 
 As a culmination of Eurasian sentiment, there are many 
 Hebrews, Christians and Moslems who hope that, "making 
 all things new — that all may be one — for have we not all one 
 Father? — hath not one God created us?" the will and life 
 of a world-faith will unite by 2100, or at least by 2340, 
 to build a new Temple of God as its symbol around Sakhra, 
 again recognized as "eben shetiyyah" — the foundation stone 
 on which the world is based — the sacred "Rock of Ages" of 
 Hebrews, Christian and Moslem, — traditionally the "go- 
 lemic" birthplace of Adam, the scene of the intended sacrifice 
 of Isaac by Abraham, later, the altar stone of the "Holy of 
 Holies" of the Temple of Solomon and its two successors, 
 protected, since the seventh century A.D., by the "Dome of 
 the Rock" of the Moslem Mosque of Omar built by that dis- 
 ciple and cousin of Mohammed. 
 
 Pittacus of Mitylene, one of the seven wise men of Greece, 
 
Civilization 61 
 
 is author of the saying, "Know the past and you can read 
 the future." 
 
 Unless world enlightenment and the age of understanding 
 through commonsense Americanism does not displace the old 
 law of periodicity, the law of probability easily foretells of 
 preparations — as in 1066 — beginning around 1993 as the 
 five hundredth anniversary of the Columbian discovery of the 
 New World, for the inauguration of the third Christian 
 millennium in 2100. 
 
 But in 2100, as in 1100, Tasso's question again may be 
 asked : 
 
 "And should the Christian powers at length achieve 
 Rare harmony among themselves and win 
 
 By arms from Omar's age-long tyranny 
 
 Sion's captive city Uru-Salim ! Who 
 As chief shall they elect?" 
 
 Or, answers to the questions of the ancient Hebrew 
 prophet may be sought: 
 
 "Who shall redeem Israel?" 
 
 "Who shall ascend into the hill of the Lord, or, who shall 
 rise up in his holy place? 
 
 The prophetic hope is : "Even he that hath clean hands 
 and a pure heart: and that hath not lift up his mind to 
 vanity, nor sworn to deceive his neighbor !" 
 
 In his triumphal entry into Jerusalem with Turkish con- 
 nivance in 1898, the ex-Kaiser sought to convey the impres- 
 sion that he was the divinely appointed and eugenically bred 
 agent for the fulfillment of the ancient prophecy. 
 
 History has reproved his assumption. 
 
 A fact, which monarchical governed foreigners do not 
 seem to realize is that Americans generally, with their im- 
 planted and regulated standards of right living, are more 
 ethical and practical than sentimental or emotional. 
 
 De Tocqueville, even, did not accurately analyze Ameri- 
 canism when he wrote: "Although the desire to acquire 
 wealth is the dominating passion of the Americans, there 
 are times when their soul seems suddenly to burst the ma- 
 terial bonds which bind it, and to rise impetuously heaven- 
 ward." 
 
6£ The Age of Understanding 
 
 
 That condition, as Henry Adams intimates, is medieval 
 Anglo-Norman, not modern American. 
 
 Americans are not emotional, but spiritually practical. 
 They respect the opinions to which other nationalities have 
 a perfect right, so long as those opinions are kept within 
 respectful limits. 
 
 When with the condescension of varying degrees, to which 
 Lowell objected, Europeans and Asiatics attempt to vaunt 
 the superiority of monarchical and imperial principles over 
 the democracy of republican principles for national and 
 world government, Americans must be excused, if they smile 
 indulgently, especially in the light of historical events since 
 1914. 
 
 It will never be said to Americans as was said to the 
 Israelites : "You have added to your sins this evil, to ask 
 us a king . . . Your wickedness is great in asking a king 
 . . . Ye have this day rejected your God who himself 
 saveth you out of all your calamities and your distresses, 
 and ye have said unto him, 'Nay, but set a king over us !' " 
 
 During the World War, that sturdy midwesterner "Marse 
 Henry" Watterson thoroughly expressed national opinion 
 on monarchs and mortal assumptions of divine rights, when 
 he emphatically consigned the Hohenzollern and Hapsburg 
 dynasties to the hades they speedily reached when America 
 asserted its principles of justice and humanity. 
 
 As pointed out under history, the modern American — 
 man and woman — is a blend of the best of the colonial 
 founders, Spanish, Dutch, French, English, Scandinavian, 
 German, and subsequent immigrations, Welsh, Scotch, Irish, 
 Italians, Hebrews, etc. 
 
 During three centuries, America has been receiving, in its 
 immigrants from the four quarters of the globe, the best of 
 the heart and brain and soul of the world, inspired with the 
 spirit of independence, a passion for free republican insti- 
 tutions, and pity or the reverse for any form of monarchical 
 government. 
 
 It has been well said that: "Americanism is the talent 
 for getting old things together, so as to produce new and 
 admirable results. The task of ultimate consolidation is 
 nigh at hand. The tribes of outer Asia and the farthest 
 
Civilization 63 
 
 Ind have still to cast in their lots and make Americanism 
 the nationality of the wide world." 
 
 While an improved Anglo-Norman language has become 
 the convenient speech of the nation, the majority of its in- 
 habitants have no blood relationship with England, and 
 show no sympathy with a minority who use the domestic 
 simile of mother and daughter, and would class America as 
 an Anglo-Saxon nation. 
 
 Historical anaWsis even reveals that Anglo-Saxon is a 
 misnomer both linguistically and racially. 
 
 The Saxons were Germanic settlers in southeastern Eng- 
 land before the Norman Conquest in 1066. They and the 
 western and northern Celtic tribes were eventually con- 
 quered by the Normans of Old French and Scandinavian 
 origin. 
 
 After the advent of William the Conqueror, Duke of 
 Normandy in Britain in 1066, and his coronation as King, 
 the stately Castle and House of Windsor, only recognized 
 under pressure since 1917 again as the British royal founda- 
 tion, was built. Its democratic Round Tower, the Tower of 
 London, and other lordly castles arose throughout the 
 British Isles, the noble followers of the Duke of Normandy 
 being installed as their governors, Ireland especially be- 
 coming a potent Anglo-Norman stronghold. 
 
 In less than a century, with the opening of the second 
 Christian millennium, the British Isles, in law, customs 
 and language, were converted from Anglo-Saxon to Anglo- 
 Norman. 
 
 Spreading throughout England, France and Europe, as 
 far south as Sicily, the "Grand Coutumier de Normandie" 
 or the "Great Norman Code of Laws," wherever established, 
 governed the people in the humanitarian and liberal prin- 
 ciples of justice and righteousness, and later became the basis 
 of America's system of law and jurisprudence. 
 
 Five centuries after William the Conquerer, English his- 
 torians revived the Anglo-Saxon title, in the reign of Henry 
 VIII, to condone the royal degeneracy from Anglo-Norman 
 principles. 
 
 From 1066, however, the Norman speech of Old French 
 and Scandinavian origins had laid the foundations from 
 
64 The Age of Understanding 
 
 which the English and American languages and literatures 
 have developed. "Norman-French and Anglo-Saxon blended 
 into a new language which was thereafter to be known as 
 English or American." Thus the Anglo-Norman contri- 
 buted to American life its groundwork of language, litera- 
 ture, manners and customs, education, economies and poli- 
 tics, together with its corpus juris or body of Anglo-Norman 
 law, including trial by jury. A purer form of Anglo-Nor- 
 man or Anglo-American speech, in reality, now exists 
 throughout the broad stretch of the North American conti- 
 nent, than in the circumscribed limits of the British Isles, 
 where, to a stranger conversant with the American tongue, 
 the provincial dialects are still uncouth and incomprehensible. 
 
 Contemporaneous French was the official language of the 
 British Isles from 1066 to 1377 and Anglo-Norman speech 
 evolved during that period from the refining incorporation 
 and influence of more than four thousand words of French 
 origin, similar in spelling, but changed in pronunciation as 
 British and American pronunciation of foreign names today 
 differ from the originals, e.g., Paris, Reims, L^on, Marseille, 
 Roma, Firenze, Livorno, Genova, Munchen, etc. "English 
 is simply French mispronounced," said Dumas, Jr., when 
 learning the language. 1 
 
 America is a new World nation, brought into existence, as 
 advanced European thought has admitted "to right the 
 wrongs of the Old World." 
 
 In the blend of the several racial groups which have con- 
 tributed to its development as a nation, America perceives 
 an illustration of how, by an extension of its liberal unifying 
 principles, a similar universal family relationship may be 
 promoted. 
 
 As Santayana has written: "America is not simply a 
 young country with an old mentality; it is a country with 
 two mentalities one a survival of the beliefs and standards 
 of the fathers, the other an expression of the instincts, prac- 
 tice and discoveries of the younger generations." 
 
 European aristocratic thought, however, strives to in- 
 fluence and control American democratic thought, whereas 
 the time has arrived when the positions must be reversed. 
 Consult Blum, A., "Oral French Method," New York, 1917. 
 
Cvmlization 65 
 
 In Europe and Asia, the French, German, Austro-Hun- 
 garian, Russian, and Chinese empires have given way to re- 
 publics on the American plan, and the law of probability 
 points to the British Empire, and all the smaller kingdoms 
 of the earth, eventually following the good example, for 
 the moral, social, and political renovation of the world. 
 
 The nations and peoples who will not admit or obey the 
 spirit and will for good, must yield precedence to those that 
 do, is an inexorable law of evolution. 
 
 It was Garibaldi who said to Lincoln, "America, mis- 
 tress of liberty, opens once more the solemn era of human 
 progress !" 
 
 As "the sanctuary of liberty," America has become a 
 leader among nations, the greatest factor today in the world 
 for preserving peace, — the Pax Americana already recog- 
 nized by historians, — and the creditor of some nations whose 
 leaders unreflectingly suggest that their debts to America 
 should be cancelled. 
 
 Purely from an unsentimental, common-sense, economic 
 and practical point of view, which will appeal to all fair and 
 open-minded people, and without any invidious intention, it 
 may be said that history scarcely warrants the action unless 
 ■ — although the cases are different — the altruistic attitude 
 towards China and Cuba of America is cited, and the eco- 
 nomic conditions of world reconstruction call for such mag- 
 nanimity. 
 
 The writer cannot be charged with bias, though he may be 
 charged with repetition, when he recalls that America had to 
 be called upon by Europe to crush autocratic imperialism 
 and barbarism in 1917-1918, and still regrets to see beneath 
 the velvet glove of alliances, European and Asiatic, the iron 
 hand of military and naval supremacy, and the old political 
 methods that aim to maintain the monarchical grip of caste 
 and class over the masses, even with specious concessions to 
 democratic government. 1 
 
 Early in the last century J. Fenimore Cooper wrote 
 wisely, "It is a consequence of mental dependence that public 
 opinion is so much placed at the mercy of the designing ; and 
 
 1 This paragraph was written prior to the Limitation of Armaments 
 Conference, Nov.-Dec, 1921. 
 
66 The Age of Understanding 
 
 the world, in the midst of its idle boasts of knowledge and 
 improvement, is left to receive its truths, on all such points 
 as touch the interests of the powerful and managing, 
 through such a medium, and such a medium only, as may 
 serve the particular views of those who pull the wires." 
 
 The Old World has failed in leadership, the New World 
 must "keep the faith and go ahead." 
 
 The now independent commonwealth members of the Brit- 
 ish Empire, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Canada, 
 each with less than the population of New York City, or of 
 the leaders of the forty-eight commonwealth states of Amer- 
 ica, but, "with the equal rights of representative minorities," 
 have sought full publicity on the British policy in Palestine, 
 Mesopotamia, Greece, Turkey, Egypt, Russia and Japan, 
 the Australian premier significantly remarking, "In any 
 treaty we must guard against even a suspicion of hostility 
 or unfriendliness to the United States." 
 
 To the historical analyst, a part of the Oriental policy is 
 very clear. It has been revealed as one of the causes of the 
 World War, the ex-German Kaiser Wilhelm II from 1888 
 onward, attempting to oppose his interpretation of the 
 family policy against the interpretation of his cousins, the 
 British King-Emperor George V, and the late Russian Tsar 
 Nicholas II, one — with his unfortunate family — of the mil- 
 lions of victims of that policy. 
 
 Repetition again becomes useful. It is useless to dodge 
 the merciless logic of facts. Truth-telling is one of the great- 
 est needs of the day. 
 
 There is no need in America for that reticence on the 
 subject to which Lord Bryce diplomatically alluded at 
 Williams College in August, 1921, with the neat classical 
 illustration from Herodotus on tales of the ancient traveler, 
 "heard from the priests in Egypt, which it would be im- 
 proper for him to disclose." 
 
 To put the matter plainly, besides their other aims, the 
 imperial representatives of German, Greek and Anglican 
 thought, were contending as to which nation was to regain 
 the Holy Land, Jerusalem, and the other Oriental sacred 
 cities Mecca and Medina, so as to control Hebrew-Christian- 
 Moslem and other Gentile thought in the development of a 
 
Cwilization 67 
 
 unified world policy of peace, progress and higher civiliza- 
 tion. 
 
 Did the aim justify the means? The policy germinated 
 the elements of the World War for the celebration of the 
 four hundredth anniversary of the unaccomplished Refor- 
 mation, October 31, 1917, by Prussian world domination — 
 which nearly succeeded. 
 
 With its principles of the aristocracy of classes ranged 
 against the democracy of masses, that policy will lead to 
 the next war, unless a better understanding can be effected. 
 
 Such an un-Christian policy can never succeed, with em- 
 pires in the Atlantic and Pacific and the Republics of the 
 United States of America, North and South — the New 
 World — between, all maintaining bristling armaments to 
 uphold their irreligious or unbinding class notions of how 
 to inaugurate a unified world policy. 
 
 The majority of intelligent Americans cannot agree with 
 the antiquated thought of Europeans and Asiatics and their 
 American followers who seek to invest with the obscure 
 mysticism of prophecy fulfilled, the re-capture of Jerusalem 
 by British soldiers on December 11, 1917. 
 
 That event, a natural outcome of the war, interpreted in 
 the right sense for general understanding, should mean the 
 advent of the real spirit of Hebraic-Christianity on the 
 historic site, for a purified revival of its principles and prac- 
 tice throughout the world to civilize and federate all na- 
 tions in the natural will for good — the Will of God — the 
 brotherhood and sisterhood of common humanity. 
 
 Republican America has no use for invisible government 
 seeking world control for selfish interests and beclouding 
 moral issues by hidden propaganda. 
 
 It stands ready to extend the hand of goodwill and mutual 
 faith open-heartedly and freed from mental reservation in 
 the interests of world progress. 
 
 Disciplined through the hard knocks of generations of na- 
 tion-building and misunderstanding, Americans, especially 
 those whose origin was Hebraic, long ago developed the atti- 
 tude expressed by Neri : "Spernere mundum ! Spernere se 
 ipsum ! Spernere si sperni !" which may be liberally trans- 
 lated : "Spurn the world ! Spurn self ! Spurn if spurned 1" 
 
68 The Age of Understanding 
 
 quite as well expressed in Disraeli's pithy precept, "Never 
 complain! Never explain!" 
 
 As Morgenthau has pointed out, Sionism and ancient 
 Jerusalem have no appeal for them. "Sionism" says Mor- 
 genthau "is wrong in principle, unsound in economics, fan- 
 tastic in politics, and sterile in its spiritual ideals." The 
 great majority of Americans express themselves as quite 
 satisfied with America as the New Canaan and New Pales- 
 tine, and with the new Jerusalems that have been built in 
 New York, and other flourishing American cities. They 
 agree with Walt Whitman: 
 
 "Where the city of the f aithf ullest friends stands ; 
 Where the city of the cleanliness of the sexes stands ; 
 Where the city of the healthiest fathers stands ; 
 Where the city of the best-bodied mothers stands ; 
 There the great city stands." 
 
 They fully appreciate that symbolism in which the forces 
 of idealism and education dispense with the shackles of 
 contentious tradition to spread the gospel of science, art, 
 and the love of beauty for the perfection of life. 
 
 With a natural, common-sense regard for their profits, 
 leaders among American Jews, in a psychological analysis of 
 an ingrained evangelical trend of mind in the American race, 
 as an addition to the dim religious light have introduced the 
 pealing organ, the devotional aria and anthem into moving 
 picture auditoriums throughout the country, where young 
 natives, estimated at 26,000,000 or twenty-five percent of 
 the population, who never attend a church, owing to the 
 chaotic confusion of sects, have the benefit of the powerful 
 subconscious appeal of these accessories to a higher life, 
 without dissentient discord. 
 
 In visual instruction of great moral lessons and stories 
 drawn from history and modern life, these practical men 
 are helping to instil a more liberal, commendable, demo- 
 cratic spirit of humanity, along the modernized ethical and 
 spiritual principles advocated in the fourteenth century, by 
 the famous Hebrew philosopher, Maimonides and from mid- 
 west America, after 1854, by "the virile modern Moses," 
 
Civilization 69 
 
 Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, who had moved from Albany to 
 Cincinnati, then as Longfellow sang, 
 
 "The Queen of the West 
 
 In her garlands drest 
 
 On the banks of the 'Beautiful River.' " 
 
 "Wem Gott will rechte Gunst erweisen, den Shickt er in 
 die weite Welt. — When God a special privilege accords, He 
 sends one roaming through the World," says Eichendorff. 
 
 Besides the modern merging temples, synagogues and 
 churches, already mentioned, they point out examples of the 
 Iron Age of advanced civilization, making all life beautiful, 
 in the commercial ferroconcrete structures throughout the 
 United States. 
 
 Notably in New York City, in that advanced type of per- 
 pendicular and pointed Gothic, the five and ten cent Wool- 
 worth building; in the Byzantine Singer sewing machine 
 building; in the four-square Aztec pyramidal-topped Ban- 
 kers' Trust Building ; in the Babylonian Heckscher Building, 
 frankly called "The Cathedral of Commerce and Tower of 
 Trade," stupidly surmounted by the coq d'or Reformation 
 symbol that supplanted the Cross on churches in Protestant 
 countries, and in the English perpendicular Bush Terminal 
 building with its Scotch Roslyn-like chapel apex illuminated 
 at night, a silent Masonic witness and appeal to the beauty 
 of faith in darkened skies, for the heedless, passing throngs 
 in the "white ways" below. 1 
 
 If a personal digression may be allowed, that illuminated 
 chapel at night, always recalls to the author on his visits to 
 New York, his first view at seven years of age of the Nor- 
 man-Hebraic Mont Saint Michel in the twilight, the base 
 the mount obscured in the mist and gloom of the rising 
 ight and tide, the crowning basilica glowing with the lin- 
 ring golden rays of a superb autumnal sunset, which the 
 travelers had watched from the diligence or coach, as the 
 
 x The "Cathedral of Commerce" title has been suppressed since this 
 writing. 
 
70 The Age of Understanding 
 
 posthorses trotted over — then the imperial, now — the finely 
 surfaced national road from Avranches to Pontorson. 
 
 * * * 
 
 According to the idealism of an ancient forecast, the world 
 is well advanced in the sixth millenium of the Hebrew era, 
 and (1921) has a little over four hundred years to go for 
 6100, to inaugurate the seventh millennium of the seventh 
 "Day" or final creative era, and the consummation of that 
 "one far-off divine event to which the whole creation moves." 
 
 The fact, however, must be borne in mind that practical 
 Americanism has no use for the sentimental idealism of "per- 
 iodicity," and while securing "rites of remembrance" as 
 in unorthodox Hebrew synagogues, is ready at any time to 
 discard tradition for the benefit of quick results. 
 
 Intuition, reason, logic and science, the better thought 
 and knowledge of the world, suggest that the consummation 
 — presumably the reign of peace on earth — can be best at- 
 tained by personal, social and spiritual principles of purity, 
 developed through a united world policy, devoted to unified 
 education and universal health administration. 
 
 There is no need to await any millennial celebration to 
 inaugurate the policy. 
 
 Some liberal and generous-minded modern scientists 
 forecast probably still a hundred million years for the dura- 
 tion of life upon this planet. 
 
 As inheritors of the wisdom of the ages, of the eternal 
 promise and hope of the re-creation of the world, while 
 conscious of the privilege of having been here and of our 
 individual insignificance, worth-while striving is found in an 
 unobtrusive concern, but sincere ambition, to leave the world 
 a little better and finer than we found it — if we can — for the 
 final reckoning. 
 
 Not probable nor improbable computations of world-ex- 
 istence, not the high-sounding phrases of mystical idealism, 
 not obscure creeds, but clear statements of principles and 
 worthy deeds are what the world needs to hasten its regen- 
 eration for reunion in a better life here on earth, as the 
 right preparation for future existence. 
 
 With a clear conception of the inherited weakness and 
 duality of human nature and the trouble of the eternal tri- 
 
Civilization 71 
 
 angle, intelligent primates recognize the necessarily and un- 
 fortunately slow development and evolution of the races 
 towards civilization and the higher conditions of life. 
 
 They can only hope for and show what should be, rather 
 than what is. 
 
 As already pointed out, humankind is endowed with in- 
 stinct, reason, conscience, freewill, and individual judgment, 
 to choose between good and evil, so as to purify their 
 natures. 
 
 All we favored and forewarned mortals have to do is to 
 accept facts, to make the best of mutual conditions for 
 good living, and, if possible, leave beautiful and useful mem- 
 ories from which future generations may profit. 
 
 Not evil living but noble living has produced the grand- 
 est and most beautiful characters in history. 
 
 The belief in the good of God works, because we perceive 
 its effects ; the belief in the evil of the Devil also works, 
 because its results are all too evident everywhere. 
 
 Life on earth is still in the making and awaiting its full- 
 est attainment. 
 
 To obey natural laws through spiritual intuition and 
 guidance or teachings of science and moral education, so 
 as to "sublimate" ourselves, is obvious common-sense. 
 
 Otherwise, we reap such consequences as the disease and 
 leprosy of the World War, Bolshevism, etc. 
 
 Despite the jeer of Voltaire in "Candide" at the resigned 
 optimistic philosophy of his immoral creation Dr. Pangloss, 
 "all is for the best," if human nature can attain the good 
 of the best by discarding evil. 
 
 "Witty, not wise," says Morley, "Voltaire made just war 
 upon all hypocrisies of life, but could not separate them 
 from its truths." 
 
 It is of very little use to revile or attempt to cast the 
 blame on the superior power governing the universe for the 
 conditions, whatever the primal causes may have been. 
 
 People are always too ready to blame God for their own 
 stupidity and economic carelessness. 
 
 When the world can be made to realize this fact, the 
 better off it will become. 
 
 While people avoid truth and dread to acknowledge the 
 
72 The Age of Understanding 
 
 reality of conditions, there can never be any enlightenment 
 or progress. 
 
 Civilization surely is a laborious travail and slow up and 
 down growth. 
 
 The republican-democratic intelligence of America has, 
 however attained sufficient common-sense — Has it? — to safe- 
 guard and transmit to posterity the principles of justice, 
 freedom and democracy, to make right the master of might, 
 and to guard against the promotion within its borders of 
 alien political methods, either of class, creed, and color dis- 
 tinctions which create revolt, or of false propaganda, infan- 
 tile deception, treachery, low cunning and murder, to attain 
 aims, which provoke worse reprisals of extermination. 
 
 The soil and republican atmosphere of the whole conti- 
 nent of America, reject both the arrogance and the ig- 
 norance of those hybrid hyphenates of Old World origin, 
 who are always snarling at each other. 
 
 Cultivate understanding and good fellowship — the spirit 
 of humanity. 
 
 Many men — and women — many minds. Respect one an- 
 other's decent opinions. 
 
 In these American principles lie the light, the hope, the 
 salvation of the world. 
 
 There is no stupid superciliousness, nor superstitious 
 silliness in such sentiments, but just plain, ordinary, com- 
 monsense advice. 
 
 Nothing can be accomplished by attempting to force ideas 
 down people's throats, or by propagating impractical 
 idealism. 
 
 That method always arouses antagonism and conflict. 
 
 Our national ideals and aims are to eliminate all false 
 ideas inimical to the social democracy and humanity of 
 republicanism and to inaugurate and firmly establish by 
 example, a new World era of mutual understanding, mutual 
 faith, and universal goodfellowship, "conceived in peace and 
 dedicated to peace." 
 
 The spirit of Americanism is in President Harding's 
 words : 
 
 "If every government on earth was impelled by the same 
 
Civilization 73 
 
 motives as our own, the whole world would be at peace 
 forever, starting from this day." 
 
 Sensible people can plainly see that unless Christians and 
 Gentiles of all sects, practice the fundamental laws of hu- 
 manity which they preach, the civilization of the world is 
 still a very "far-off divine event." 
 
 Ever-growing knowledge points the way to the establish- 
 ment of a universal science and philosophy of religion, of 
 mutual faith, essentially ethical and binding in its moral 
 nature. 
 
 An international system of humanity, embracing peace, 
 equality, fraternity, the rights of womanhood, the extirpa- 
 tion of libertinage and prostitution, the education of the 
 poor, and the diffusion of social liberty. 
 
 A science and philosophy of religion, freed from the ob- 
 scurity of early mysticism and misunderstanding. 
 
 The virile, altruistic Hebraic-Christian philosophy of the 
 will for good of God the Creator, perpetuated in the children 
 of all races, through the parental inbred spirit of purity. 
 
 From that federated philosophy alone, can be expected 
 "the world-fellowship which shall lead us out of the doubt 
 and uncertainty of today and into the higher civilization 
 of tomorrow." 
 
 In the aftermath of the World War, besides the appalling 
 conditions of famine and pestilence, spreading in Europe 
 and Asia, there is seen in all nations, including the United 
 States, a murder epidemic of profligates, of paramours, and 
 the conviction, acquittal or escape, as the case may be, of 
 the murderers and murderesses. 
 
 There is a continuous revelation of deplorable adulteries 
 among married men and women of high social position; of 
 vulgar divorces and remarriages. 
 
 For a similar harvest in future generations, unless 
 checked, strikingly apparent is the increasingly immoral 
 tone and behavior developing among a certain class of pre- 
 sumably respectable young women "sports" who, lowering 
 themselves in the esteem of decent people, are degenerating 
 in their habits to promiscuous vice. 
 
 The sporty girl may yet learn that when she degenerates 
 to excessive powder and paint, to cigaret smoking, drink, 
 
74 The Age of Understanding 
 
 inordinate coquetting, promiscuous abuse of the conventions, 
 anatomical displays of leg, bust and back, to incite the sex- 
 appeal, — the fundamental causes of disgust and divorce, — 
 she loses all the charm, grace and refinement that attract 
 the average man as ideals of the normal girl and woman, 
 for wifehood and motherhood. 
 
 A modern English historian, "a peculiar product of his 
 race and materialistic age," writes frankly of Europe's 
 "ruling passion" as "that common obsession of our kind, 
 the pursuit of woman, tempered by a superstitious fear of 
 hell," to which the sport girl panders. 
 
 'These conditions amply reveal the necessity for modern- 
 izing free from any mystical doubt or obscurity, as to their 
 meaning and application, the ethical rules of life and con- 
 duct, the regenerating, refining influences, which history and 
 science reveal as the sure foundations of civilization. 
 
 Science and philosophy provide the method for the re- 
 generation and purification of the chaotic conditions pro- 
 duced by the materialism and animal agnosticism of the 
 period which originated the World War and its aftermath. 
 
 Facts, when understood and considered, help to solve 
 problems and ensure the greatest good for the greatest 
 number. 
 
 The great need of the day is a workable understanding 
 between the educators of all nations, — scientists, philoso- 
 phers and theologians, teachers and statesmen. 
 
 Only through mutual understanding can the world's prob- 
 lems be solved. 
 
 The key to the situation is an international unified educa- 
 tional system for universal health administration, based 
 upon a principle of life found in all educational systems, 
 from ancient times, which, however, needs reformulation, 
 for modern understanding and practice. 
 
 That principle, long taught by Hebrews, Hindus, Greeks 
 and Romans, is the basis of civilization and progress, 
 whereby East and West can meet on world and continent, 
 in nation and city. 
 
 That principle has made America a leader among the 
 nations of the world. 
 
 Through personal and family purity, the will and mind 
 
Civilization 75 
 
 of the father blending through the soul and spirit of the 
 mother in the body and heritage of the children, to evolve 
 that cleanliness of life, which modern science, philosophy 
 and moral education show can alone make for the perfection 
 of the human race, for civilization, and for the peace and 
 progress of the world towards the better life of the future. 
 
PART II 
 
CHAPTER V 
 
 DEVOLUTION 
 
 Devolution, the Asiatic theory of the descent of man to 
 the animal is ages old, and is still an important form of be- 
 lief in India. 
 
 Evolution, the British theory of the descent of man from 
 the ape, finds better expression in the German modification, 
 the ascent of man from the ape. 
 
 Exhibiting a woodcut portrait of the shaggy eye-browed 
 and bearded English scientist, during a discourse on the 
 "association of ideas," Professor Blouet, a French lecturer 
 in the seventies, used to remark with uncharitable Gallic 
 flippancy, — chiefly, it was surmised, to observe the effect 
 on English and American students : — 
 
 "Parbleu! it is quite natural for this English writer on 
 evolution, whenever he looks in a mirror, to associate man- 
 kind with the monkey tribe, and both to imagine and believe 
 in a kinship of descent. 
 
 "Ces droles d'Anglais meme — those funny English even," 
 he would add, "call their archbishops primates or high 
 monkey monks." 
 
 "Pythagoras the Greek had, and the Brahmans of India 
 have a much better theory. 
 
 "They explain the origin of animal life and the remains 
 of extinct monsters, as germinations of evil forms ejected 
 from higher spheres, to expiate and purify their natures on 
 this and other planets. 
 
 "Through metempsychosis or transmigration, the Brah- 
 mans maintain that animals, according to degree, habitat or 
 physical environment, are still produced from the disem- 
 bodied entities of unregenerate mortals, which find lodgement 
 in inferior forms of life, for repurification and final salvage 
 of whatever good there may be in their natures, 
 
 79 
 
80 The Age of Understanding 
 
 "Et, ma foi!" the lecturer would add, "Pidee n'est pas 
 plus bete que Pautre ! — the idea is no more stupid than the 
 other!" 
 
 "When man considers that no one knows the primal cause 
 of existence the Brahman, at least, for want of a better, is 
 a very good explanation of the origin of beast life." 
 
 Science, supported by tradition and history, reveals the 
 probability that Eurasian primates degenerated from per- 
 fected natural forms to inferior animal-like forms of life. 
 
 Such degeneracy even has been recorded of certain in- 
 sular races. 
 
 They return later, by successive stages, to better con- 
 ditions. 
 
 The fall and rise of humanity is traced throughout all 
 history as a recurrent descending and ascending wave on 
 the spiral curve of civilization. 
 
 In modern life, in spite of all education, mortals are 
 always descending to animal conditions of life through 
 pride, vice and intemperance — not necessarily alcoholic, — 
 and under stress of famine, they still descend even to 
 cannibalism. 
 
 Unless hopelessly degenerated, mortals always ascend 
 through experience and reason, to higher forms of civilized 
 life, for regeneration. 
 
 Passing over the Trinil bones of the abnormal erect ape 
 of Java, — the lowest descent of the Eurasian races discov- 
 ered so far, is claimed for jawbones of the German Heidel- 
 berg and English Piltdown eoanthropians — so styled dawn- 
 men and dawnwomen — ; and a few fragments, teeth, etc., 
 of tribal Neanderthal, Breladian, artistic Cro-Magnon and 
 other European cave-dwelling types of men and women. 
 
 These remains are generously estimated as from 20,000 
 to 500,000 years old. 
 
 No traces of the ape-like man appear to have been dis- 
 covered on the continent where they might have been most 
 expected — Africa — the land of the gorilla or man-like ape. 1 
 
 According to the Asiatic theory of devolution, as life on 
 earth evolved originally from plant and animal growths, so 
 unregenerated mortal souls return to earth through mute de- 
 
 1 Just as this book goes to press, such a discovery is reported. 
 
Devolution 81 
 
 based animal and plant forms, which can be reuplifted by the 
 human through cultivation, until repurified to better and 
 final types of life. 
 
 The theory finds modern expression in the following lines, 
 supposedly written by a Hindu fabulist, after a visit to the 
 Bronx Zoo in New York City. 
 
 The verses also furnish an illustration for the credulous, 
 as well as the scoffing unbeliever, of the method by which 
 the Tibetan quadruped of Balaam, reasoned with the dis- 
 obedient old Hebrew prophet. 
 
 THE HIPPOPOTAMUS AT THE BRONX ZOO 
 
 An Incidental Fable. May 6, 1921 
 By Brahma La Fontaine 
 
 The Hippo bobbed out of his bathtub to eat; 
 
 Clean looked the ungainly old beast as he passed; 
 Waddling and toddling to herbivorous meat, 
 
 Contentedly grunching and munching, he grassed. 
 
 I whistled, he paused, his right eye looked me over ; 
 
 I glanced down the pupil straight into his brain: 
 Eye-fixed, still he munched, as I sought to discover 
 
 Why ever on earth, such odd monsters remain? 
 
 Till words seemed to flash from that mild-beaming eye; 
 
 "Perceive now in me, what some folks have become; 
 From gluttony, sloth, ecto-entities fly 
 
 To find by attraction, my flesh-breeding home. 
 
 The elephant, trumpeting wild over there, 
 
 And shuffling around with the spring of desire, 
 
 Embodies the patriarch rakes who could ne'er 
 In reason, cool off their polygamous fire. 
 
 Here comes the rhinoceros, ugly old brute, — 
 
 The satyr philosophers, cynics of old; 
 Now savage and ruminant, brooding the fruit 
 
 Of errors that left them, lone, penitent, cold. 
 
8£ The Age of Understanding 
 
 The lion and tiger are kings who of old 
 
 Would war with the terror of slaughter for power ; 
 Now hunted, or trapped and encaged, they behold 
 
 Their triumphs mere pride of a swift passing hour. 
 
 The chimpanzee, swinging and groaning aloud, — 
 The vampire despised is, perverse in old age; 
 
 Observe how she glares at the man-gaping crowd, 
 Hell fury and scorn in her impotent rage. 
 
 Orang and baboon, all the small monkey kind, 
 Are men, women, children, of different types, 
 
 In whom all the animal instincts you find, 
 
 If age without wisdom, their viciousness ripes. 
 
 Thus, through the whole animal world you could range 
 And find mortal vices embedded all there; 
 
 Impurity evermore seeking a change; 
 
 Lost souls bound for hell on the winds of the air. 
 
 Returning, descending through animal strife 
 
 To grass and to slime, whence they sprang for rebirth ; 
 
 Outcast from the good of the star-given life, 
 To hades they go, the unfit of the earth. 
 
 Their best traits return in the flowers of the field 
 To teach us that love though defiled, cannot die; 
 
 The beauty of faith in the hope that they yield, 
 Is garnered at last from the mud to the sky." 
 
 The sentiment in the last verse has been beautifully ex- 
 pressed by Omar Khayyam, and as beautifully paraphrased 
 by Le Gallienne: 
 
 "I sometimes think that never grows 
 So red the rose 
 As where some buried warrior bled : 
 
 That every hyacinth the garden knows, 
 Sprung from the lips of some once lovely head." 
 
Devolution 83 
 
 The metempsychosic weed-or-flower and bug-or-bee theory 
 seems again to have seized upon our modern poets. 
 On August 24, 1921, Whitelaw Saunders wrote: 
 
 "Across the glade 
 There came a golden-coated bee 
 (A Prince he was, 'twixt you and me, 
 In some old Persian dynasty)," etc. 
 
 On July 27, 1921, Louise Driscoll gave play to the senti- 
 ment as follows: 
 
 "When I am dead and resting 
 Safe in the friendly earth, 
 May I lie in a garden 
 
 And give a crocus birth." 
 
 The conjunction of death and crocus has a Twain-like 
 Tacus and Marius effect, which may — or may not — be in- 
 tentional. 
 
 An anonymous biologist writes: 
 
 "Those emblems of resurrection and eternal re-creation, 
 the flowers, hold all life together in a common bond of friend- 
 ship. 
 
 "Through their structure we can trace backward the steps 
 of evolution, until we again find the minute, microscopic 
 sexless plants, which, according to scientists, represent most 
 nearly the earliest forms of life that, fertilized by star-dross 
 from the heavens and vivified by the rays of solar heat, arose 
 eons ago, from the water and mud of the primeval sea." 
 
 A startling relationship has always been remarked as 
 existing between flowers and the dead, especially of warriors 
 who die on the battlefield. 
 
 Macaulay retells from contemporary records how, after 
 the battle of Landen in the Netherlands in 1693, between 
 the French and the English, where more than 20,000 men 
 were left unburied on the field, the soil broke forth in the 
 following year into millions of scarlet poppies, covering the 
 entire battlefield as in a vast flood of rich blood. 
 
84 The Age of Understanding 
 
 A similar occurrence is reported one hundred and twenty 
 years later in the same region, when in the summer of the 
 year following the battle of Waterloo, the entire battlefield 
 was ablaze with the scarlet "flowers of nepenthe." 
 
 And still, 
 
 "In Flanders fields, the poppies grow 
 Between the crosses row on row" 
 
 as McCrae sang in his immortal war lyric, before he joined 
 the host of those who lie in Flanders fields. 
 
 The same springing up of red poppies occurred every- 
 where on the battlefields, some months after each battle had 
 taken place in Belgium and France during the World War. 
 
 They were looked upon by some of the Hindu warrior- 
 allies as the blood of millions of innocent victims, appealing 
 in silent sacrifice to Heaven against the soulless, crime- 
 stained monsters and superfiends, who, regardless of all the 
 dictates of humanity and civilization, the results of their 
 unmoral breeding and education, wrought all the woful 
 wreck and ruin of young life in their insane war of ambition 
 and frightfulness. 
 
 Compared to the European theory of evolution from the 
 animal, such is the Asiatic theory of devolution to the 
 animal, which still prevails, and has to be treated with 
 considerable consideration by India's rulers. 
 
 EVOLUTION IN AMERICA 
 
 Before concluding this brief sketch on the Asiatic theory 
 of devolution, the evolution and antiquity of the human race 
 on the American continent may be considered. 
 
 It seems reasonable to surmise that, when land was up- 
 lifted above oceanic waters in early creative days and life 
 generated in different localities during the natural course 
 of evolution, not one, but several "cradles of the human 
 race" appeared on earth, as national traditions record. 
 
 The aboriginal native, or autocthonous theory of a section 
 of the human race originating on American soil, need not be 
 summarily dismissed as negligible, notwithstanding the in- 
 
Devolution 85 
 
 numerable prehistoric and modern immigrations from Africa, 
 Asia and Europe into the "melting pot" of the so-called 
 New World. 
 
 Science demonstrates that the New World is a misnomer. 
 
 School graduates of three or four generations, if they 
 have not forgotten it, will remember being taught that, 
 geologically, America is in reality the older world, the 
 "firstborn among the continents," though later in European 
 'kultur' or civilization, such as that has proved to be. 
 
 "While Europe, of more recent physical birth, was repre- 
 sented only by islands rising here and there above the sea, 
 America already stretched an unbroken line of land from 
 Nova Scotia to the Far West," is the report of reliable 
 geological surveys. 
 
 From this natural evidence, early traces of humankind 
 might reasonably be sought on the American hemisphere, as 
 well as in Java, in Europe, in expeditions to Mongolia, or 
 elsewhere throughout the world. 
 
 The strongest and most conclusive arguments in favor of 
 evolution are those which are based upon geological dis- 
 tribution, in conjunction with the facts of geography, his- 
 tory and tradition. 
 
 In connection with evolution, the influence of physical 
 environment upon human types, their behavior, and histori- 
 cal development has to be considered. 
 
 This again is no new theory; it can be traced from the 
 moderns Ratzel and Reclus, back through the ages to Hip- 
 pocrates the Sporadian (470 B.C.), who in his treatise on 
 "Air, Water and Places," discourses on the constitutional 
 tendencies of various peoples in Europe and Asia, which, 
 when once formed by those influences, were perpetuated by 
 heredity. 
 
 Owing to the gradual imposition of Afro-Asiatic thought 
 upon the European world and its exportation to America, 
 the "cradle of the human race," — a trite colloquialism of 
 Babylonian origin, — was long supposed to have been located 
 in Asia Minor, whence the different tribes and mingling 
 races, were said to have emigrated throughout the world. 
 
 When fragments of the Pithecanthropus erectus, conjec- 
 tured to be the nearest approach of the Trinil ape to a man, 
 
86 The Age of Understanding 
 
 but now believed to be fragments both of a man and an ape, 
 were discovered in Java in 1891-92, a European revulsion 
 of thought occurred, and the "cradle of the human race," 
 was scientifically shifted to southern Asia. 
 
 Conservative American scientists reserved their opinion. 
 
 Passing over the disputed Californian Calaveras skull 
 found in tertiary deposits in 1886, and the Kansas Lansing 
 skull uncovered in 1902 in undisturbed silt at a depth of 
 twenty feet ; in the primal tartrap at La Brea, Los Angeles, 
 remains of very superior primates were uncovered in 1916. 
 
 These remains have been variously estimated, with the 
 liberal generosity which distinguishes theoretical science in 
 such matters, as from 10,000 to 200,000 years old. 
 
 History and tradition repeat themselves. 
 
 As with ancient Eurasian scientists and scribes, so with 
 modern scientists who freely range in relationship to time 
 and space through the Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, and 
 Proterozoic eras, and their periodical and epochal subdi- 
 visions. 
 
 In geological and fossil computations, a million years 
 similar to the Asiatic thousand years "are but as a day." 
 
 Science or knowledge of these matters, depends upon the 
 law of probability, just as revelation and prophecy did of 
 old. 
 
 There is no reason to repudiate the suggestion that the 
 remains of superior American primates discovered in Cali- 
 fornia, may belong to a tropical Eden-like era of ten or 
 twenty thousand years ago. 
 
 Bituminous tar is a well-known preservative of histologi- 
 cal tissue, as demonstrated by Egyptian mummies. 
 
 The suggestion appears to be quite as plausible as many 
 of the scientific theorizings, following retarding methods of 
 mechanistic thought, imposed upon an impatient world, long 
 awaiting a better established revelation of science or knowl- 
 edge, wisdom or truth, than the last half-century has offered. 
 
 There is even a general trend among serious scientists of 
 the day to reduce the antiquity of man and woman on the 
 earth "as the mean approximation" to a period of ten thou- 
 sand years, "thus approaching nearer Jewish chronology." 
 
 With the continuous unearthing of fossil remains of long 
 
 
Devolution 87 
 
 extinct and pre-human monsters of tropical and antedi- 
 luvian periods on this continent, the superiority of the La 
 Brean primate, as also the established inherited characteris- 
 tics in American aborigines of the single moral code, bred 
 from instinct, reason, and physical environment, point to a 
 native primal race of superior cast, which neither descended 
 from nor to the monkey. 
 
 "Man was perfect man when he appeared in America," 
 writes Wells. 
 
 Proofs of this have already been given in the quotations 
 from Prescott and Markham in the chapter on History. 
 
 Despite Markham's "never-again" deduction, a rational 
 socialism, refined and perfected to its ideal through physical 
 environment and mental culture, is dominating the modern 
 American race. 
 
 Moreover, it is spreading its influence throughout the 
 world. 
 
 Largely moulded by the American initiative of 1893, men- 
 tioned later, the most advanced forms of Asiatic teachings, 
 Brahman, Confucian, Buddhist, Moslem, etc., now admit of 
 progressive development through nature and reason as the 
 sources of our knowledge, flowing from God as the one 
 supreme power for good. 
 
 The rights of womanhood are being asserted, and the 
 elevation of motherhood to her true sphere in the trinity 
 of humanity, is being inculcated through moral education, 
 in the interests of unity, civilization, and world progress. 
 
 Unity is regarded as the spirit and power of religion. 
 
 All races are regarded as children of God. 
 
 The punishments for mortal error are remedial and not 
 eternal. 
 
 Natural revelation in spiritual natures inspired the Vedas 
 and the Avesta, as it did the other Asiatic Scriptures, the 
 Torah, the Talmud, and the Syriac-Greek Testament. 
 
 In these inspired writings everything true and useful, 
 even the discoveries of modern science can be found. 
 
 In the inspired books, basic spiritual principles, under- 
 lying all religions, are so developed, as to make them entirely 
 authoritative as guides to thought and action. 
 
 Spiritual principles are paralleled by the laws of nature 
 
88 The Age of Understanding 
 
 as revealed by modern science, thus indicating a unity of 
 the visible and the invisible. 
 
 The numbers of spiritual natures of all nations, who have 
 walked and still and will walk with God upon the earth, are 
 increasing. 
 
 Pure minds distinctly see beyond the mortal veil, the 
 celestial spheres which are hidden from material minds, is a 
 confirmed belief. 
 
 This vision is not merely the result of "emotional shock," 
 or an "ipse dixit" of consciousness seeking self-expression, 
 as material psychological professors teach, and their pupils 
 tritely repeat. 
 
 It is the result of freedom from physical impurity; the 
 fruit of seasons of retirement for spiritual introspection, 
 meditation and contemplation. 
 
 According to the finest Eastern and Western thought, the 
 purified human soul when it leaves the mortal body, returns 
 as an immortal spiritual body to Heaven, the primal and 
 final home of good or God the Creator. 
 
 This glorious conviction in the blessed assurance of im- 
 mortality is well-expressed in the lines of our American poet 
 F. L. Knowles (1869-1905). 
 
 "This body is my house — it is not I ! 
 Triumphant in this faith I live and die !" 
 
 Western opinion is divided as to the destination of the 
 degenerate, animalized soul. 
 
 Whether return by devolutionary stages through purga- 
 tory for salvation, or for ejection and eternal expiation in 
 Hell. 
 
 Complete annihilation with the corrupt mortal body as 
 worthless dust, is the preferred belief of hopeless mechanistic 
 materialists. 
 
 Goethe says somewhere: 
 
 "Und keine Zeit und keine Macht zerstiickelt 
 Gepragte Form, die lebend sich entwickelt." 
 
 which may be translated as : 
 
Devolution 89 
 
 And neither Time nor Might dissolves 
 Identity that life evolves. 
 
 Quien sabe? Who knows? 
 
 Those who are gifted with the insight of faith in hu- 
 manity, with that intuition or revelation of scientific 
 thought, springing from purity and reason, "the light that 
 lighteth every soul that comes into the mortal world." 
 
 Spiritual knowledge or intuition, the most advanced form 
 of scientific thought, reveals with assurance that human 
 life, through the cultivation of the spirit of good, will lead 
 on to "the one far-off divine event to which the whole crea- 
 tion moves." 
 
 That event may take millenniums for its accomplishment, 
 or suddenly "as the lightning shineth shall be the great day 
 of the coming of Christ" is the prophecy. 
 
 According to the best thought of the world, the divine 
 event will culminate in complete harmony and intercourse 
 throughout the entire stellar universe, and direct commun- 
 ionship with Heaven, the central generating hearth and 
 home of God the Creator, the abode of the immortal host 
 of faithful spirits who, on earth lived according to His Will, 
 and cherished in its normal and ultimate culmination, the 
 truth, beauty and glory of the divine vision of eternal life, 
 from which the world was separated at the Creation, for the 
 regeneration of humanity. 
 
CHAPTER VI 
 
 SCIENCE PHILOSOPHY THEOLOGY 
 
 Science, from the Latin scientia, is knowledge. 
 
 Philosophy is from the Greek philo love and sophia 
 wisdom. 
 
 Theology, also from the Greek, signifies Theos God and 
 logos or logia, word or understanding. 
 
 Religion, from the Latin re-ligo to re-bind, is the bond of 
 knowledge, love and wisdom, to re-bind the human race as 
 one, in the truth and understanding of the Word of God or 
 good for mutual faith in right living. 
 
 Religion, in its truest sense, does not exist in the world, 
 and will not, until all sects and nations unite in universal 
 and not limited bonds of mutual faith. 
 
 Confucius well expressed the principle of religion five 
 centuries before the Christian era : 
 
 "Knowledge is the beginning of understanding; under- 
 standing is the beginning of love; and love is the supreme 
 goal of all human wisdom." 
 
 Irreligion, the unbinding of ties through envy and hatred, 
 as recent history again reveals, proceeds from the arrogance 
 of limited intellectualism, pride, passion, blind error, from 
 a lack of reasoning power, from a want of intelligence, from 
 the spirit of unmoral, material education, more than from 
 ignorance. 
 
 The religious bond of knowledge, love and wisdom, re- 
 vealed in truth and faith, through the highest principles of 
 intellect and science, is intuitively understood by a goodly 
 number of the masses. 
 
 Although the masses are looked upon by self-satisfied 
 intellectuals and aristocrats, as ignorant and uneducated, 
 
 90 
 
Science Philosophy Theology 91 
 
 the better of the democratic majority have natural intelli- 
 gence and reasoning power, and they will eventually purify 
 the world of its lower as well as its higher elements of evil. 
 
 This natural system of purification has been shown in 
 the various modern revolutions, beginning with the British 
 in 1649; the American, 1776, and 1861-1865; the French, 
 1789, 1848 and 1871 ; and the many other national revolu- 
 tions down to the German of 1918 and including the Russian 
 of 1917, which will eventually purge itself of evil. 
 
 Through irreligion, the idealism and hope of youth, the 
 beauty and education of faith, degenerate into the disbelief, 
 the faithlessness and viciousness of materialistic womanhood 
 and manhood, and the remorse or indifference and hopeless- 
 ness of old age, which comes to look upon life either as a 
 tragic deception or a mocking farce. 
 
 Typical of the latter and of the atheism of his day, is the 
 graceless epitaph in Westminster Abbey, to the author of 
 "The Beggar's Opera," Gay, who died in 1732, in his forty- 
 fourth year. 
 
 "Life is a jest, and all things show it, 
 I thought so once, and now I know it." 
 
 How different to the virile New England conception, 
 
 "Life is real ! Life is earnest ! 
 And the grave is not its goal; 
 Dust thou art, to dust returnest, 
 Was not spoken of the soul !" 
 
 To err is mortal — not human. 
 
 To be human is to be moral and divine, the highest scien- 
 tific ideal known to modern civilization. 
 
 An ideal so obvious, some self-satisfied unitarian friends 
 say, that they never think of emphasizing it, although the 
 need, also obvious, is all around and beyond them. 
 
 While science deals in proved facts as far as possible, 
 theory always precedes the revelation and recognition of 
 new facts, for "all science is based on a foundation of faith 
 in the permanence and uniformity of natural laws, theoreti- 
 
92 The Age of Understanding 
 
 cal facts — if the term can be used — which are taken for 
 granted, as they cannot be demonstrated." 
 
 The scientist first imagines a truth or fact and then veri- 
 fies and reveals the fact. 
 
 Science teaches that "through the ages one increasing 
 purpose runs"; that the highest striving of life is after the 
 attainment of a unity which shall bind the smallest thing 
 with the greatest. 
 
 The partial, divided action of human nature, male and 
 female, sex and sects, makes half of the tragedy of the 
 comedy of life. 
 
 Tragedy, from the Greek tragos — a goat, is a product of 
 the comedy, and becomes the unhappy condition of mortals 
 who cannot rise superior to life's vicissitudes. 
 
 Unfortunately, specialists in science of a material trend 
 of mind are prone to become self-satisfied in their limited 
 circles of knowledge, especially during the materially physi- 
 cal age from twenty-five to fifty and even beyond. 
 
 Unless they attain wider experience, they cannot synthe- 
 size life in its entirety, but regard it only as affected by 
 their particular branch of science. 
 
 When these types of scientists meet and maintain with no 
 little heat their various opinions of each other and each 
 other's views, there is historical repetition. 
 
 The confusion is as edifying as that reported of the 
 ancient ecumenical councils of episcopal wranglers. 
 
 Their critical attitude towards the higher-minded efforts 
 of statesmen, diplomats, sociologists, reformers, idealists, 
 educators, and churchmen, for the advancement of the 
 human race, is as undiscerning, as it is pitiful and retarding. 
 
 An illustration is the gratuitous sneer at "the Presby- 
 terian mind of ex-President Wilson," by the Cantabrian 
 Keyne in his treatment of the economic aspects of the 
 Versailles Treaty. 
 
 As if the Presbyterian mind were not the equal and in this 
 particular instance, the superior of the Anglican mind of 
 Keyne. 
 
 The Presbyterian or Calvinistic-Catholic mind of social 
 democracy and the moral will of the people, has always 
 proved itself equal to keeping in check and balancing the 
 
Science Philosophy Theology 93 
 
 Anglican mind, a German-Lutheranized product of class 
 autocracy that maintains an assumption, or presumption, 
 of the divine right of kings and aristocracy. 
 
 True Americanism has no use for any brand of Euro- 
 Asian aristocracy through the accident of birth and posi- 
 tion. 
 
 The only type of class superiority that appeals to the 
 American mass, is moral worth and intellect, without the airs 
 or frills of society and ennobled classes. 
 
 In spite of other Anglo-Saxon disparagement, and 
 certain temperamental failings, at the Versailles Conference, 
 ex-President Wilson, with "his Presbyterian mind and his 
 fourteen points emulating the ten commandments," seems to 
 have been "the only man who remembered that there was a 
 God." 
 
 Clemenceau, the "tiger brain" of France, nationally and 
 not internationally-minded, working narrowly for provincial 
 selfish aims, instead of world-wide humanitarian principles, 
 intending to be satirical, unconsciously exalted American- 
 ism, when he said that, "Wilson was talking like Jesus 
 Christ." 
 
 To such materialists, life means nothing but eventual 
 oblivion, "the horror of the grave," as Henley, "though 
 unafraid," paradoxically expresses himself. 
 
 If "unafraid" there should be welcome or indifference, 
 rather than "horror of the grave." 
 
 As a parallel to Cowper's 
 
 "I am monarch of all I survey; 
 My right there is none to dispute :" 
 
 Henley's 
 
 "I am the master of my fate, 
 I am the captain of my soul!" 
 
 lacks even the hopefulness of its forerunner. 
 
 The hopeless condition of materialism has been well 
 analyzed by H. J. Bridges : "From the materialistic stand- 
 point, life is reducible to the functioning of physical elements 
 in terms of chemical law. Death is but the closing of a cycle 
 
94 The Age of Understanding 
 
 of chemical changes in a material organism; it is strictly 
 and exclusively a physiological process. From such a 
 summation of the course of terrestrial life, the idea of per- 
 sonal survival at the death of the body is inevitably ex- 
 cluded. If a man's life expresses only the sum of his bodily 
 functions, it is of course a contradiction in terms to assert 
 that it can survive them or exist independently of them. 
 
 "Such is the conclusion hazily, or lazily, adopted by a 
 multitude of people at the present day. Another multitude, 
 however, reluctant either to accept this conclusion or to 
 assail the process of reasoning from which it emerges, find 
 consolation in vague and speculative utterances. All, how- 
 ever, seem to accept the same presuppositions. Both classes, 
 start by taking for granted the independent reality of the 
 objective world of the senses. Both assume that the data 
 of the physical sciences are absolute and verified, rather 
 than hypothetical and empirical; neither seems to allow for 
 such criticism as that of philosophical intuition, which starts 
 from the fact of consciousness as the only unquestionable 
 reality, and reduces the world of sight and sound, of touch 
 and taste, of heat, cold, and color, to a series of modifica- 
 tions of consciousness, whose existence consists in their being 
 perceived." 
 
 When confronted with metaphysical science, or spiritual 
 facts of perception and revelation, beyond the circumscribed 
 limits of their intellects, materialists become abusive and 
 obstinate as mules in their self-sufficiency, or in their self- 
 complacency, dumb as the Morris "oxen trained to labor 
 by meek celibacy," mentioned by Goldwin Smith. 
 
 A retired university president somewhat petulantly classi- 
 fied the type as "educated fools," when warning his faculty 
 and students against such degeneracy. 
 
 Ranging through the universe of ideas, wise educators, to 
 mention only three of the American host, Finley of New 
 York, Hibben of Princeton, King of Oberlin, true philos- 
 ophers and real masters of scientific learning, view the world 
 of matter through the entire range of the natural sciences, 
 mathematics, astronomy, geology, geography, physics, 
 chemistry, biology, anthropology and psychology. 
 
 They mark the advance of human life in general through 
 
Science Philosophy Theology 95 
 
 the humanities of language, sociology, politics, religion, 
 economics, law, learning, literature, fine arts, music and 
 education. 
 
 They are attracted by the normative or ideal sciences of 
 logic, esthetics, ethics, until they reach metaphysics — the 
 science of philosophy, theology and religion, the apex of all 
 teaching dealing with life in its highest complexity, "the 
 highest form of intellectual attainment, speculation and en- 
 joyment," as Aristotle declared, nearly twenty-three hun- 
 dred years ago. 
 
 To the writer, trained in the methods of mathematical 
 and metaphysical science, it is not at all difficult to realize 
 and acknowledge that, surrounded by infinite chaos, from 
 which it was formed, the finite heliocentric universe in the 
 immeasurable atmospheric ocean of space, is a many multi- 
 pled form of our fractional solar system, a geometrized, 
 spherical unity, an obvious harmony, as the Greeks taught, 
 and as advanced natural science today takes for granted. 
 
 This is the elementary deduction of observation and 
 study, as both D'Arthenay and Clifford the originator of 
 "mind-stuff," taught the writer (1872-1879); the scientific 
 method that has always dominated ideas that are worth 
 while, and is not, as some materialists suggest, "the in- 
 herited method of preferring to believe and of seeking 
 theories to believe that please." 
 
 It has become the fashion to loathe even the mention of 
 classical origins, to scoff at the idea that, in face of all our 
 vaunted progress, Assyria, Egypt, India, Judea and Greece 
 were the actual sources of existing knowledge," but as Orton, 
 Huxley, Jowett and other noted scholars have pointed out, 
 "At the Renascence the few and scattered students of nature 
 picked up the clue to her secrets exactly as it fell from Greek 
 science, a thousand years before," and on that foundation, 
 the superior structure of modern science has been raised, 
 with all its industrial, economic and civilizing (?) arts. 
 
 Although Berchoux ejaculates: "Qui nous delivrera des 
 Grecs et des Romains ? — Who will deliver us from the Greeks 
 and Romans?" it should never be forgotten that the rescue 
 of these foundations of earlier civilization for the benefit 
 of humanity, is due to the fostering care of religion. 
 
96 The Age of Understanding 
 
 Civilization is based upon business, science, philosophy 
 and art, cemented by the spirit and power of religious prin- 
 ciples. 
 
 Flout religious principles and civilization fails — as in 
 Germany in 1914 and in Russia, since 1917. 
 
 Four square, the quadruple combination of business, 
 science, philosophy and art, constitutes civilization; singly 
 insufficient, each dependent on the other, through the religion 
 of mutual faith and trust. 
 
 Ignore faith and trust and the fabric fails and falls. 
 "Eternal voice and inward word — Beauty old but ever 
 new," religion in the salvage from barbarism, has alwa} r s 
 educated the world to regain civilization and the beauty of 
 peace, happiness and harmony, through moral philosophy, 
 work and art. 
 
 History reveals that the world always has to learn the 
 lesson anew ; to become practical through work or business, 
 true through intelligence or science; good through con- 
 science or religion. 
 
 When Hun, Goth, Vandal, and Mongolian invasion devas- 
 tated Europe during the Dark Ages, civilization was alone 
 nourished by religion which fostered art and industry on- 
 ward to the Renascence, in the erection, ornamentation and 
 endowment of beautiful church, educational and charitable 
 buildings, also encouraging discovery and exploration, so 
 that the world might rise again into purified heights of in- 
 telligence and truth, through science. 
 
 Material modernists, impatient for results, seeing only 
 their present advantages, instead of being thankful for 
 them, revile the slow regrowth of civilization under the fos- g 
 tering care of religion, and do not seem to realize that in 
 their impatience and lack of wisdom, their materialism is the 
 retarding drag on progress, forever breeding strife. 
 
 The progress of an army is that of its slowest unit — the 
 feeders. 
 
 To regain civilization through the ages of barbarism, re- 
 ligion had to exercise the restraint of expediency, the true 
 valuation of which comes only through knowledge and in 
 telligence, or science and reason. 
 
 The one aim of science is truth. 
 
Science Philosophy Theology 97 
 
 "Above all things truth beareth away the victory." 
 Truth is the chief principle in life to produce results. 
 
 "Truth answers not: It does not take offense, 
 But with a mighty silence bides its time. 
 
 As some great cliff that braves the elements 
 And lifts through all the storms its head sublime, 
 So Truth unmoved, its puny foes defies, 
 But never dies." 
 
 Following Hebrews and Greeks in the quest of truth, 
 sincere modern scientists again discern in all the variety of 
 the natural kingdom of this world one general plan, carried 
 out in an infinity of methods. 
 
 Amidst all the diversity there is unity. 
 
 In what we can also see and conceive of the hyperuniverse, 
 law and dependence, order and beauty, are everywhere mani- 
 fested. 
 
 Tyndall has predicted that the solution of the problem 
 of the universe will be one of spiritual insight rather than 
 of actual observation. 
 
 "They who give clearest proof that their habitual dwell- 
 ing is the spiritual world, who can reveal to humankind the 
 widest knowledge of the sacred invisible, will be always re- 
 garded as of all benefactors, the highest." 
 
 "The fundamental difficulties of knowledge do not begin 
 till the frontier is crossed which divides physics from meta- 
 physics, the natural from the supernatural, the world of 
 phenomena from the world of "noumena," inspiration or 
 positive experience from spiritual dreams." 
 
 Spiritual leaders even, who claim to be progressive, rant 
 against "misty metaphysics," instead of "bringing to under- 
 standing all things which have been taught since the creation 
 of the world." 
 
 With their presumably superior methods of modern edu- 
 cation and a modicum of commonsense, they should be able 
 to clarify and rationalize for their imperceptive mentalities, 
 the philosophy and science found in the involved methods 
 of ancient and evolutionary presentation. 
 
98 The Age of Understanding 
 
 Such knowledge is no longer the prerogative of a privi- 
 leged class. For over half a century it has been freely 
 given to the world, if the world could but understand and 
 emerge from the obscurity of fetichism and obstinate or 
 invincible (?) ignorance. 
 
 "To be rational at all implies the presence to the indi- 
 vidual reasoner of that reason which is the "light which 
 lighteth every soul that cometh into the world." 
 
 A lucid lecturer on metaphysics remarked some years ago : 
 
 "We can furnish scientific arguments on hyperphysics 
 that to us are perfectly clear and comprehensible but, un- 
 fortunately, we cannot furnish a certain slow class of dull- 
 headed obstructionists with the brains to understand." 
 
 "Like frogs in a pool, or like worms in a gall-nut," as a 
 Hebrew friend suggests, "they have the gall to consider their 
 particular pool and nut of science or knowledge, the uni- 
 verse, and cannot get beyond them." 
 
 Similar to all science, metaphysics or the philosophy and 
 science of theology is taken on faith by many who, as atten- 
 tive and thoughtful seekers after the good and beautiful in 
 life, intelligently depend upon the sincerity of purpose and 
 goodwill of leaders, to bring the fruits of knowledge and 
 profound learning, within the scope of their comprehension 
 and practice. 
 
 The greatest difficulty in imparting wisdom, truth and 
 understanding, so as to ensure the norm of harmony, peace 
 and happiness, is the total lack of concentrated thought 
 and study. 
 
 The majority of average bright people unfortunately 
 expect to grasp the significance of a subject by the cursory 
 reading of a newspaper or magazine article, or as in a 
 fleeting "movie," by a flash of visual instruction. 
 
 The effort to think, even, is too much trouble for some, 
 while the reference book and study habit is one that prob- 
 ably never will be acquired by the nation at large, so as to 
 extend education throughout adult life, for the purposes 
 of intelligent information. 
 
 In presenting the mathematical figure of the universe 
 already alluded to, which is perfectly visualized to him 
 through early tuition and concentrated study, the writer 
 
Science Philosophy Theology 99 
 
 expects that many readers, similar to two friends, who he 
 credits with intelligence, may cry, "Help ! Help ! I'm out 
 of my depth, I'm swimming for dear life !" 
 
 Condensed from the best modern authorities, the problem 
 of the universe, through deduction and spiritual insight, 
 reveals itself as follows : 
 
 The infinite is the region of chaos. 
 
 The finite is the heliocentric universe. 
 
 The heliocentric universe, surrounded by the region of 
 chaos, from which it was formed, is a geometrized spherical 
 unity in an immeasurable ocean of space. 
 
 An all-embracing globe or system of spheres, these 
 spheres suspended in the spatial ether by the natural laws 
 of rotation and gravitation, forever revolve on equatorial 
 lines, around a central energizing and controlling sphere. 
 
 The central sphere is the radionic "cosmic hearth" — 
 Heaven — the realm of light, the abode of the spirit of good 
 — God — the Creator. 
 
 "The impulse of organization which was conveyed to chaos 
 by the Creator, issued from a central point in the infinite, 
 spreading gradually outward," is a scientific theorem, de- 
 duced from our solar system, which is taken for granted. 
 
 Chaos, or its better part, passed by a process of evolu- 
 tion into a purifying cosmos. 
 
 The spheres or systems of worlds which form the cosmos 
 or heliocentric universe in the all-pervading ocean of ether, 
 contain millions of solar, planetary and stellar creations. 
 
 There they coexist and interlace among themselves, as 
 differing strains of the hypercosmic harmony, in perfect 
 relationship to each other and the central sphere of Heaven. 
 
 The suns of the regenerating solar systems, distributed 
 throughout the spheres, are furnaces which originated from 
 chaos. 
 
 In a continual seething, overflowing state of repurifica- 
 tion, these suns eject into space the whorls of electrified 
 stardross or spiral nebulae of fiery gaseous matter, from 
 which the planets and stars have been formed and are fer- 
 tilized. 
 
 The exceptional eruption of May 14, 1921, in our own 
 solar system created electrical conditions, similar to those 
 
100 The Age of Understanding 
 
 described. The Rickenbacker star-like luminary of August 
 8, 1921, is another possible illustration. 
 
 The various ideas of world origin — in scientific phrase- 
 ology, the hypotheses of cosmogony — now include the nebu- 
 lar, the tidal, the meteoritic, and the planetesimal. 
 
 The world-nationalism of science is found in the most 
 favored American hypothesis: the Chicagoan planetesimal 
 of Chamberlin and Moulton, which is regarded as a combi- 
 nation of the Norman nebular of Laplace and the British 
 meteoritic of Lockyer. 
 
 The general idea of all is the ejected whorl or spiral 
 nebula, a mass of intensely hot gaseous star matter that 
 assumes a rotating globular form under the action of 
 gravitational forces, gradually contracts, solidifies, and 
 forms a world or planet. 
 
 Interrelated vegetable, animal and human life, as already 
 explained, springs up on these worlds from the pristine mud 
 and infusorial slime. 
 
 Mortals are surmised to form a scale of beings, their 
 perfections being greater with the nearness of the planet 
 which they inhabit to their sun, and its relationship to other 
 members of its particular sphere and the central sphere of 
 Heaven. 
 
 Their imperfections increase with their distance from the 
 sun and their nearness to Chaos. 
 
 On our earth, it has been shown how, pursued in all ap- 
 plications with intelligence and faith, moral education and 
 evolution offer a valid explanation of the ocurrence of 
 varieties and species of the human race and, combined with 
 the higher spiritual qualities, how their regeneration may be 
 accomplished through eugenics and euthenics, or the prin- 
 ciples of good breeding, education and environment. 
 
 "All nature is instinct with a vital impulse towards some 
 higher manifestation." 
 
 While the cosmic system is a natural product of ele- 
 mentary matter and its laws, the universe is a self-realization 
 of the divine Creator. 
 
 For the repurification of the blend of good and worthless 
 star-matter, electrically ejected into space, human beings 
 
Science Philosophy Theology 101 
 
 become endowed with the mind and soul of the spirit of good, 
 emanating from God the Creator. 
 
 With the aid of that healthful influence, it is the privilege 
 of the individual to overcome evil by the exercise of good for 
 his or her own interests and those of future generations. 
 
 Through the cultivation of the spirit of right, the im- 
 mortal soul of good in the purified mortal body survives 
 and returns amid the galaxy of similar starlit spirits along 
 the pathway of eternal light to the central cosmic sphere, 
 Heaven, the generating hearth and home of the heliocentric 
 universe, there to enjoy forever with the immortal throngs of 
 "the redeemed among humankind," the glories of eternal 
 life in their normal and ultimate culmination. 
 
 When, through unified education and health administra- 
 tion, personal and spiritual purity has been attained 
 throughout this and other worlds, the "one far-off divine 
 event to which the whole creation moves," as already inti- 
 mated, will culminate in communion and direct intercourse 
 between the whole stellar universe and Heaven. 
 
 This hypothesis of the universe practically confirms all 
 modern theories of philosophy and science since Copernicus 
 (d. 1543) who derived his ideas from Pappus (c. 380 A.D.) 
 and Ptolemy (d. 160 A.D.) away back to Hipparchus 
 (c. 150 B.C.), Archimedes (d. 212 B.C.), Aristarchus 
 (d. 280 B.C.), Aristotle (d. 322 B.C.) and other Greeks 
 mentioned a little later, the inheritors of the Egyptian and 
 Chaldean teachings. 
 
 In such natural deductions, there is no mysticism. 
 
 On the contrary, they follow the scientific method and 
 present a rational theory of the universe ; a definite reasoned 
 sentiment of the culminated convictions of the logical in- 
 tellect, without assuming either a Gnostic, know-all, or an 
 Agnostic, know-nothing, attitude. 
 
 Such a universe is no longer the Miltonian three-story 
 structure of heaven, earth and hell, with its modicum of 
 probability, generally taught up to fifty years ago, but is a 
 scientifically theorized spherical universe, which satisfies the 
 desire for the understanding and knowledge of God, and 
 
102 The Age of Understanding 
 
 gives rational answers to the eternal questions of the human 
 mind : — 
 
 What is the purpose of life? 
 
 Where do we come from? 
 
 Where do we end? — 
 
 Life is no tragic deception nor farce. 
 
 Do not let yourself be tricked by illusions and deceit. 
 
 Banish antagonism, pessimism and depression. 
 
 Cherish the beauty of faith in your ideals, although they 
 may never be realized. 
 
 Cultivate optimism and humanity. 
 
 Discipline your intellects so as to purify moral life for 
 the social renovation of the world. 
 
 The moral law will always remain that which was laid 
 down by the ancients including Marcus Aurelius and syn- 
 thesized in modern days by Kant : "Act as if the destiny of 
 the universe depended on your acts." 
 
 Wisehearted and useful men, active and busy to the end 
 of their days in well-doing, never grow old. 
 
 They keep the lamps of their intellects brightly burning 
 with wisdom and learning, through optimism. 
 
 Courageous souls, brave with hope and faith triumphant, 
 
 "Transfigured with a radiance rare, 
 
 Their lives in higher love endure, 
 And from them flows the living prayer 
 
 That struggling souls with hope assure; 
 For in them dwells the spirit fair 
 
 Of faith in Heaven made secure." 
 
 In the fullness of life and in the peaceful transition of 
 sleep, as with our great American — Roosevelt, their souls 
 pass on to awake in the realization of the brighter and more 
 glorious life, beyond the mortal veil. 
 
 "While ever near us, though unseen, 
 Their dear, immortal spirits tread, 
 For all the boundless universe 
 
 Is life and Heaven. There are no dead." 
 
Science Philosophy Theology 103 
 
 These ideas are all found in the Hebrew and Hindu 
 classics, by those who have the intelligence to understand 
 the idealism with which they are invested and, despite all 
 materialistic science, mortal life will never lose its hold of 
 the divine vision from which it was separated for the creation 
 and purification of the world and the universe. 
 
 The Greeks expounded the same ideas with cooler reason 
 and logic. Pythagoras (d. 500 B.C.), teaching at Crotona, 
 a Greek colony of southern Italy, recognized that the whole 
 fabric of Nature rested on space relations, and gave a con- 
 ception of a uniform order of the universe and the harmony 
 of the spheres, which, if carefully studied, would show 
 mortals the full scope of their destiny, while guarding them 
 from unlicensed hope. Theories which he had learned during 
 several years sojourn, like Moses, in Egypt, with visits to 
 Assyria. 
 
 He also taught that the leaders and teachers of spiritual 
 power, should stand apart from political government and 
 limit themselves to wise counsel. 
 
 The idea of love as the cosmic force of creation is at- 
 tributed to Empedocles of Sicily (d. 430 B.C.). 
 
 The idea of mind as the cosmic creative force is said to 
 have originated with Anaxagoras of Ionia (d. 428 B.C.). 
 
 Democritus of Thrace (d. 370 B.C.) deduced the atomic 
 theory, according to which the world is a soul of fiery atoms, 
 in continual motion. 
 
 Berosus of Babylon (c. 260 B.C.), transmitted from 
 Chaldean science, the prehistoric conception that "the heav- 
 enly bodies move in circles and the earth is a sphere within 
 the vaster spheres of the universe." 
 
 These early concepts among others, originated the "heav- 
 enly spheres" of Greek philosophy, the "many mansions" 
 of Syrian, Alexandrian, Italian and other European litera- 
 tures, and the modern "multiple connected spaces." 
 
 Vaughan the Silurian (d. 1695), has beautifully ex- 
 pressed the concept of the universe, as follows : 
 
 "I saw Eternity the other night 
 Like a great ring of pure and endless light, 
 All calm, as it was bright; 
 
104 The Age of Understanding 
 
 And round beneath it, Time, in hours, days, years, 
 
 Driven by the spheres 
 Like a vast shadow moved: in which the World 
 
 And all her train were hurled." 
 
 A century since, Blanco White the Anglo-Spaniard 
 (d. 1848), expressed a similar concept in his immortal son- 
 net: 
 
 When "through a curtain of translucent dew, 
 Bathed in the hues of the great setting flame, 
 Hesperus with the host of Heaven came 
 
 And lo! Creation broadened to man's view: 
 
 Who could have guessed such darkness lay concealed 
 Within thy beams, O Sun? or who divined 
 When bud and flower and insect lay revealed, 
 
 Thou to such countless worlds hadst made us blind? 
 
 Why should we then shun death with anxious strife, 
 If Light conceals so much, wherefore not Life?" 
 
 In a family scrapbook, the writer finds the same idea ex- 
 pressed under date of 1883, in lines by a relative, written in 
 memory of a young wife who died in childbirth. 
 
 The title is : 
 
 DREAMS 
 
 "In dreams I see again your dear, dead face 
 
 Whose radiant, lovelit eyes shone true for me: 
 Our souls unite and forth we wander free 
 Where scenes of sunlit beauty rare embrace 
 Once more the paths by flowing streams that trace 
 Their silver windings through vale, grove and lea. 
 Till strands of splendor on our golden sea, 
 Gleam radiant far out in eternal space. 
 
Science Philosophy Theology 105 
 
 A thought, and we are in the sun ; 
 Fused in its fire, we blend as one: 
 Each in each other's soul enshrined, 
 We merge an eon pure, refined. 
 
 Another thought, the planets seven 
 We pass to view the halls of Heaven. 
 
 From our solar system's ridge 
 
 We see the sparkling ether bridge 
 
 Flung o'er the zodiacal light 
 
 Ablaze and dazzling, gleaming bright 
 
 From Heaven's ramparts, built upon 
 
 'The sheer depth which is space begun.' 
 
 In awe, amaze, enrapt, we hear 
 
 The music of each circling sphere ; 
 
 Never ending, ceasing never 
 
 As around they roll for ever, 
 
 Sending forth to God's white throne 
 
 Harmony's concordant tone, 
 
 Resolving all the discords rife 
 
 That in each mar mortal life, 
 
 Till the peace of Christ is sought, 
 
 Till in human mind and thought, 
 
 Life, eternal life is brought, 
 
 Brought through Father — Mother — Son, 
 
 Mind, soul, body — triune — one. 
 
 (A long description of the heavenly spheres follows, and 
 the poem concludes:) 
 
 The vision fades. With sudden start, 
 
 Your spirit flies across the bridge, 
 While desolate, my shattered heart 
 
 Drops from the sin-confining ridge 
 Through space, again to take its part 
 
 Where Earth 'spins like a fretful midge.' 
 
 But in my ears, the heavenly spheres 
 In an eonic chorus swell: 
 
106 The Age of Understanding 
 
 "Abandon all your griefs and fears ! 
 
 Fight the good fight ! All will be well ! 
 There God shall wipe away all tears, 
 
 And with the loved one you will dwell. " 
 
 Far from that dream of bliss, I wake to pain: 
 Grief-laden years are passing o'er love's tomb: 
 Loud winds without sob in the dark and gloom : 
 
 A deluge weeps upon the window pane: 
 
 But faith looks forth with hope to death's brief doom, 
 
 When souls through truth unite in love again." 
 
 The lines of these imaginative authors, sound auspiciously 
 confirmative of the "relativity of time and space theory," 
 a recent revival in scientific circles, which is said to be within 
 the comprehension only of a dozen unnamed highbrow 
 mathematicians. 
 
 The theory is not new. Kant (1724-1804), the Scotch- 
 German philosopher and author of the remarkable essay on 
 the "Conception of Universal History, as tending to World- 
 Citizenship," in his principal works, "Critique of Pure Rea- 
 son" (1781), and his "Critique of Practical Reason" 
 (1788), makes the statement that, "space and time are mere 
 forms of sensibility. By means of the external sense we 
 represent to ourselves everything as in space. By the in- 
 ternal sense all is represented in the relationship of time." 
 
 His contemporary, Cowper (1731-1800), the English 
 poet, in "Solitude," makes Alexander Selkirk simplify the 
 theory in three lines : 
 
 "How fleet is a glance of the mind — (relation) 
 When I think of my own native land — (space) 
 In a moment I seem to be there (time).^ 
 
 "The bridge, broken since Kant, between metaphysics and 
 physical science is being reconstructed. The true man of 
 science is the friend of God." 1 
 
 1 The author is fully aware of the distinction between Kant's meta- 
 physical and Einstein's mathematical theories of the relativity of time 
 and space. But, until Einstein's fine, intuitive and advanced hypothesis 
 is confirmed by the experimental and scientific method, it remains specu- 
 lative or metaphysical. 
 
Science Philosophy Theology 107 
 
 Science and religion were once considered as sworn 
 enemies, whereas the binding power is unbreakable. 
 
 "He who seeks truth at any cost, the true man of science, 
 thinks God's thoughts after him and thus comes closer to 
 God than many a dissenting religious professional." 
 
 "To preserve all that was true and beautiful in the beliefs 
 of the Past is but an easy fractional part of our present 
 day task, for we realize that what was indeed valid must 
 ever live, though the form perish in which it was once em- 
 bodied." 
 
 The new world should make the best of what has been 
 done in the past, without becoming bound in any sense to 
 tradition. 
 
 Tradition can be improved upon, as we strive for the 
 attainment of beauty and perfection in life. 
 
 New men and new women to voice rational methods of 
 viewing life in an ever-changing world are needed. 
 
 One of the greatest assets of a writer is courageous 
 action based upon intelligence and principle, with time and 
 circumstance duly considered. 
 
 Writing as understanding instructs and honesty urges, in 
 a bold revaluation of moral and spiritual perceptions as the 
 fundamental and most important need of the world, the 
 writer points the way to give new birth and belief in the 
 principles of faith, through the lessons taught by history 
 and science. 
 
 Science itself provides the method for regeneration of the 
 mechanistic and materialistic age. 
 
 Carus has well said: "When we recognize the unknown, 
 and also the infinitude of possible progress, we need no 
 longer cling to the superstitious belief in the unknowable. 
 Further, when we understand that imagination, this child 
 of sentiment and thought, has wings and that for all her 
 erratic flights in the realm of fancy, she now and then 
 alights on a lofty crag in the ethereal realms of moral or 
 religious aspiration to find there an important truth, which 
 our slow-paced but sure-footed reason cannot as easily 
 reach, we need neither insist upon the insufficiency and base- 
 ness of reason, nor extol the reliability of prophetic visions 
 which are expressions of our religious instinct." 
 
108 The Age of Understanding 
 
 "In appreciating one faculty, we need not cast a slur 
 upon the other. 
 
 "The source of knowledge will never run dry. 
 
 "The waters of life are inexhaustible." 
 
 The modern materialistic mind, however, is very impatient, 
 unfortunately, as to origins sought through the Cartesian 
 method, and through their impatience, more frequently than 
 not, get on the chaotic track. 
 
 Metaphysical science, in conjunction with all branches of 
 science, depends primarily upon imagination and intuition 
 for revelation. 
 
 The mathematical method in metaphysics by which conclu- 
 sions are arrived at that the inner nature of the hyperphysi- 
 cal is analogous to the highest thought and strivings in the 
 mortal world of ideas, is of easy comprehension to the suffi- 
 ciently intelligent. 
 
 Clifford thus expresses the metaphysical mathematical 
 formula : 
 
 "As the physical configuration of your mental image of 
 the object is to the physical configuration of the object, so 
 is your perception of the complex object of your feelings 
 to the thing itself." 
 
 "Earthly symbols give in endless progressions intimations 
 of the finite and the infinite." 
 
 "Life itself is an endless allegory of infinite meanings." 
 
 In metaphysical study, imagination or intuition, has 
 always reached lofty heights in the spiritual realm of moral 
 or religious aspiration to find there and reveal important 
 truths, which slower-paced reason and science, working ob- 
 versely from the ground up, eventually verify and register 
 as facts. 
 
 Scientifically, spiritual metaphysics "are so far from 
 being outside of human experience, that they are the very 
 fundamentals of the possibility of experience." 
 
 Although Hood has said in jest : "What is matter? Never 
 mind! What is mind? No matter! What is the soul? It 
 is immaterial !" ; and Charley M. Stoltz of Cornell, alias Dr. 
 Hermann Vosberg of Vienna, has propounded the profound 
 theorem: "The dreamer does know what he dreams-— but he 
 does not know what he knows, and therefore he believes what 
 
Science Philosophy Theology 109 
 
 he does not know"; the creations and forms of spiritual 
 thought exist in the invisible outer world, whence they are 
 conveyed to the mind, otherwise life and thought would be 
 useless faculties, and the glorious universe, visible, transi- 
 tory and invisible — with, in, and beyond the substance — , 
 would be a monstrous mechanistic fantasy. 
 
 "Cogito, ergo sum! I think, therefore I am," said 
 Descartes. 
 
 Scientists, philosophers, and theologians think, therefore 
 the creations of their thought exist and lead to revelation, 
 or exposition and understanding. 
 
 Despite limitations, Bergson, the modern French philoso- 
 pher, comes near the mark, when he tells us: "Philosophy 
 consists in placing one's self by an effort of intuition in the 
 interior of concrete reality. 
 
 He also expresses the idea that the great advances in 
 philosophy have been made and the great works of art pro- 
 duced, through intuition. 
 
 In the attempted positivistic systems of visionless, par- 
 tially educated egoists, unable to rise above earthly planes, 
 is found that lower form of material metaphysics or mechan- 
 istic thought, which engenders the preponderance of modern 
 materialism in natural science. 
 
 If broad-minded and wise-hearted educators of the uni- 
 versity presidential class, could instil into the teachers and 
 instructors of this type, and the high-school and sophomore 
 youth of the world, the real significance of the great spir- 
 itual or ethical and fundamental truth of life, the next gen- 
 eration would advance with forward strides, that would 
 simply dwarf the progress of the last four hundred years, 
 since the slow moving, unaccomplished Re-Formation and 
 Counter Re-Formation. 
 
 Re-conciliation, re-construction, re-creation, through re- 
 ligion could then re-bind the entire modern world in the 
 mutual faith of goodwill, righteousness, and understanding. 
 
 Philosophy — the love of wisdom, and theology — the word 
 and understanding of good, are the constituents of meta- 
 physical science, and "to discard philosophic religion as 
 mere mystical superstition, betrays the uncultured or the 
 partially educated and pseudo-scientific mind." 
 
110 The Age of Understanding 
 
 Paraphrasing Eucken, it may be said: 
 
 "Religion is a spiritual product of human wishes and 
 ideas based upon divine truth. 
 
 "The fiercest attacks are powerless against it. 
 
 "Instead, they help it through all the stress of human 
 need and toil to come to its full strength and to unfold 
 more freely its eternal truth." 
 
 "There is beauty in all religions" said Julian the so-called 
 "Apostate," nephew of Constantine, who, on his death-bed is 
 reported to have confessed that the teachings of "the pale 
 Galilean had conquered" ; a belated confession that has mod- 
 ern parallels in the mortal agonies of Nietzsche, Beardsley, 
 Morgan, and many others. While all religions and creeds 
 foster goodness and discourage evil, the incarnation of an 
 ideal hitherto unknown to other religions is found in true 
 Hebrew, Catholic, and Protestant homes, wherever mutual 
 love and faith abound. 
 
 That ideal is not merely moral regeneration, but the moral 
 fulfilment or spiritual conquest of life. 
 
 However far the ideal fails of fulfilment in many pre- 
 sumably Hebrew and Christian circles, its influence is spread- 
 ing wherever the truth and knowledge of eugenic and 
 euthenic science enter. 
 
 On the firm basis of modern life — the purity of the social 
 unit, the family, — Hebrew as well as Christian, of all sects, 
 trinitarian or unitarian, find their faith unified, confirmed 
 and enlightening the world. 
 
 And, "the main idea of developing the religions of the 
 past which are not false, but only incomplete religions, into a 
 religion that shall be in accord with the science of our day, is 
 not a vagary, but a great and important ideal," says Littre. 
 
 High-minded, common-sense educators, following the 
 methods of science are not content to acquire knowledge for 
 its own sake. 
 
 With their knowledge comes the overpowering desire to 
 ameliorate human conditions, to follow after the things 
 whereby we may help one another, the things which make 
 for truth, righteousness and beauty, in the progress of the 
 world towards higher civilization and the plains of peace. 
 
 There also comes the courage to cut away the old growths 
 
Science Philosophy Theology 111 
 
 and impeding incrustations, to rise above egoism and indi- 
 vidualism, into a higher, impersonal plane of life, more ra- 
 tional and effective, and more satisfying to the scientific 
 conscience. 
 
 America owes to the world the assurance of final wisdom 
 in a rebirth of spiritual life, in the cultivation of good deeds 
 through an understandable creed freed from old-time ob- 
 scurity. 
 
 "In thought and action — For God and the people," the 
 slogans of Mazzini. 
 
 The principles on which American civilization rests should 
 be extended and are being extended through world relief, to 
 include all nations upon the earth. 
 
 Moral science has taught the higher intelligence of civil- 
 ized nations what the old world has been and still is unfor- 
 tunately, and what the new world should be. 
 
 If proofs are needed, the contentious, unbending condi- 
 tions, long existing between the old and the new in Great 
 Britain, Ireland, Egypt and India, in spite of the demo- 
 cratic examples of the independent colonial commonwealths 
 of the British Empire, may be advanced, as also the condi- 
 tions between Japan, Korea and China, notwithstanding the 
 distinct material advances which the surprising Pacific 
 island empire attained after friendly advances of America, 
 during a "cycle of Cathay," the Chinese cycle of sixty years 
 from 1862 to 1912, named by them "Meiji, the Era of 
 Enlightened Government," before entering on the present 
 "Taisho, Era of Great Righteousness." 
 
 These contentious conditions arise from the Eurasian 
 sentiment which, in spite of all historical lessons, still at- 
 tempts to mould world thought on ancient monarchical or 
 aristocratic strife-breeding principles, instead of republican 
 or social peace-breeding principles. 
 
 "Educate the World !" should be the slogan of the real 
 intellectual brotherhood and sisterhood of all nations, until 
 the ignorance of immorality is banished from the face of 
 the earth, along with the supercilious pride of aristocracy, 
 which breeds the autocracy of caste and classes, and in- 
 evitable conflict with the republican democracy of the better 
 minded masses. 
 
112 The Age of Understanding 
 
 "When the day breaks and the shadows flee away," then 
 will the light and truth of wisdom, through the revelation of 
 moral philosophy, education, and science, flood the universe 
 with its golden splendor. 
 
 Confucius the sage of China, in his assurance of immor- 
 tality was prophetic when he wrote: 
 
 "The night of darkness is over the earth but the dawn 
 will come and the day when the white lily of purity will 
 blossom again in wisdom, light and beauty, throughout the 
 land." 
 
 It did for a period after the visit of Nestorian mission- 
 aries in the seventh century, when the "Luminous Doctrine" 
 of Christianity spread throughout the Chinese Empire, 
 sanctioned by imperial decree. 
 
 Right-minded Occidentals can recite with Orientals : "Om 
 Mani Padme Hum— O the jewel in the lotus — the lily of 
 purity." 
 
 "One touch of nature makes the whole world kin." 
 
 Beautiful is the garden stanza, written by that fine Manx 
 poet E. E. Brown: 
 
 "A garden is a lovesome thing, 
 
 God wot ! 
 
 Rose plot, 
 Fringed pool, 
 
 Ferned grot, 
 The veriest school 
 Of peace; and yet the fool 
 
 Contends that God is not — 
 Not God ! in gardens ! when the eve is cool? 
 
 Nay, but I have a sign, 
 
 'Tis very sure God walks in mine." 
 
 Did Brown have in mind Voltaire, who, in his cynical, 
 self-revealing "Candide" gives as his final advice, "Cultivate 
 your garden"? 
 
 Even if the Voltairean spirit, characteristic of the de- 
 generate age of French autocracy, similar to the present 
 Bolshevistic age, was material and hopeless, the advice was 
 better than it was intended to be, for from the lessons of 
 
Science Philosophy Theology 113 
 
 the garden, mortals can learn how to cultivate for right 
 living, the garden of body, mind and soul, in the perfect 
 moral standard, the honor code of chastity, virility and 
 humanity, for themselves and the lives of future genera- 
 tions. 
 
 For virility of character must also be maintained for de- 
 fense against the powers of evil, if, as Roosevelt said, 
 "America is not to become supinely Chinafied." 
 
 The spirit of science or knowledge cultivated through the 
 spirit of good and revealed through the spirit of truth and 
 wisdom, "can teach all things and bring to remembrance and 
 understanding, all things which have been taught since the 
 creation of the world." 
 
 Develop goodness with all your powers and lean not upon 
 self-will, passion and selfish desire. In all thy deeds follow 
 after love and goodness and they will direct thee aright in 
 all thy ways. This is the modern rendering of very ancient 
 Asiatic precepts. 
 
 Think evil — you create evil. Think good — you create 
 good. 
 
 Athletic, intellectual, and altruistic activities, physical, 
 mental and spiritual, to energize and develop body, mind and 
 soul, will overcome evil. 
 
 There is no religion or binding power in material educa- 
 tion, science and philosophy. 
 
 But moral education, science and philosophy, unite 
 through religion to rebind the human and divine in body, 
 mind and soul. 
 
CHAPTER VII 
 
 BODY MIND SOUL 
 
 Body, mind and soul, constitute humanity, or, for the 
 recurrence of life, mortal and immortal, visible and invisible, 
 matter, intelligence and wisdom, are revealed and perpetu- 
 ated in the body of the son (and recurrent father), through 
 the mind of the father and the soul of the mother. 
 
 As already stated, prehistoric Menu, the primeval and 
 divine ancestor, the "golden embryo" of the Hindus, de- 
 clares : "Then only is man perfect when he is three ; himself, 
 his wife, his son. For thus have learned men declared the 
 law, a husband is one person with his wife." 
 
 "Male and female, God created man in His own image," 
 says the To rah. 
 
 Nearly nineteen hundred years ago, John the Divine 
 wrote : 
 
 "There are three that bear witness in Heaven, the Father, 
 the Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one," 
 a statement which doubters say was inserted a thousand 
 years ago, despite the final Apocalyptic injunction against 
 such practice, and which, without comment, is curiously 
 omitted from one of the most recent and scholarly transla- 
 tions of the New Testament. 1 
 
 "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with 
 God, and the Word was God." 
 
 Or, God, the one true Father and Creator of life, visible 
 and invisible, was revealed as Christ the Son and Teacher 
 of the Word of life, through the Spirit of Holiness, inbred 
 racially in Joseph and Mary, the parents of Jesus. "The 
 Spirit is witness to this for the Spirit is Truth." 
 
 1 Thereby creating the impression that even at this stage of civilization, 
 clerical politics do not hesitate to suppress fundamental truths for which 
 ancient systems stood. 
 
 114 
 
Body Mmd Soul 115 
 
 "The light shineth in the darkness ; and the darkness 
 comprehended it not." 
 
 "Humankind will resort to almost any expedient to avoid 
 the real labor of thinking." 
 
 "Still, wisdom grows in truth's own light 
 As science upward wings its flight, 
 Till understanding will refine 
 Humanity through love divine." 
 
 Mind, the creator of life, is the highest faculty of body 
 and soul. 
 
 As the mind or will of the father, the creator of life, in- 
 fluences for good — or evil — the soul or spirit of the mother, 
 the sanctifier and giver of life, so are the children — sons 
 and daughters — for the regeneration and resurrection of 
 the human race for life eternal. 
 
 Mind and soul constitute the primal and ultimate reality, 
 the body celestial, or the spiritual embodiment of each per- 
 ishable mortal body. 
 
 The head and not the heart, reason and not desire, culti- 
 vation and not wild nature in man and woman, must control 
 the mortal body for the purification of mind and soul, the 
 spiritual body. 
 
 "Blessed are the clean in mind and the pure in heart, for 
 they shall generate the world for good, or for God and the 
 reunion with Heaven." 
 
 "Only by iteration, by litanizing, can you impress truth 
 and thought on the masses," says Spencer. 
 
 As the will or mind, the knowledge or faith of the father, 
 are to the soul or spirit, the wisdom or philosophy of the 
 mother, so are the body or word, the conscience or religion 
 of sons and daughters to the unified bond of the trinity of 
 law, order and peace for the recurrence and purification of 
 the human race for everlasting life. 
 
 The mind of truth, wisdom and beauty, a trinity in unity, 
 the trinity of faith, hope and charity, instils the highest de- 
 velopment of the human and divine in soul and body. 
 
 In passion, carnal and mortal, the body kills mind and 
 soul. 
 
116 The Age of Understanding 
 
 In love, human and divine, mind and soul enshrine the 
 body. 
 
 As a moral reaction or conviction, a purified religious 
 belief, this doctrine is a primary instinct, the validity of 
 which is irrefutable. 
 
 Statesmen and educators, philosophers and theologians, 
 should develop the moral and ethical instincts in the parents 
 and youth of the world, until the doctrines are believed and 
 obeyed on their own merits, and to disbelieve or disobey 
 would be considered the despicable act of a reprobate and 
 traitor to the cause of civilization and world progress. 
 
 Equal to father and son are the mother and daughter in 
 the spirit of good, or, the well-bred daughter of a wise 
 mother becomes a good wife and the wise mother of virtuous 
 children for succeeding generations. 
 
 The Old World dictum, given in chapter II, has been ex- 
 tended through Americanism, in modern days, to include the 
 daughters : 
 
 "With grandparents and parents of good birth, the sons 
 and daughters, by all four descents, perpetuate good birth." 
 
 "As many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the 
 sons and daughters of God." 
 
 In the cleanliness of mind and will of the father and son, 
 and in the purity of soul and spirit of the mother and daugh- 
 ter, is found the eugenic revelation of modern times, unfold- 
 ing the truth of the ages, embodying all gospel truths, and 
 constituting the final message of God to humanity for the 
 regeneration of the human race, and the eventful consum- 
 mation — communion and direct intercourse between the 
 entire stellar universe and Heaven — when the world, purified 
 of vice and evil, in the onward march of civilization and 
 progress, shall attain peace and harmony, through the age 
 of understanding. 
 
 The world is in need of thinkers and workers in the cause 
 of humanity and righteousness. 
 
 Words of retrospective wisdom are found in the recently 
 published memoirs of the late ex-Empress of France, Eu- 
 genie. 
 
 Grown wise through affliction, sorrow and age, Eugenie 
 
Body Mind Soul 117 
 
 lived to see the repayment of time to the German Empire, 
 the vanished creation of her arch-enemy, Bismarck. 
 
 "Beware when the Great God lets loose a thinker," said 
 Emerson. 
 
 With the well-balanced thought of age and experience, 
 Eugenie said: "European affairs have reached such a pitch 
 of social tangle that we shall have to go back to primitive 
 methods again, before life can be properly adjusted. 
 
 "There must be a complete revolution. It is now that 
 the advent of a genius would be welcome to readjust matters, 
 for if reform comes from above it will be all right, but if it 
 comes from below — from the populace — , we shall see a ter- 
 rible epoch ; but it will be a short one, and then the world's 
 equilibrium will be re-established." 
 
 Russia and other parts of the world are seeing the ter- 
 rible epoch, as Great Britain and Ireland did in 1649 and 
 since, France in 1789, and the United States from 1861- 
 1865. 
 
 America — Columbia, the wisely-educated daughter and 
 new World-Mother, the long-promised Comforter and 
 Helper — would appear to be the rational-thinking genius in 
 sight above the horizon, whose national development, physi- 
 cal, mental and spiritual, in body, mind and soul, can re- 
 establish the equilibrium of the world through practical 
 altruistic principles, "conceived in peace and dedicated to 
 peace." 
 
 Similar to the recurrent musical theme of a grand operatic 
 work, or the ancient songs of victory, the strain may be 
 repeated : 
 
 "Led by a native commander-in-chief of Alsatian ancestry, 
 Columbia's eager sons went forth to rescue martyred little 
 Belgium, and to repay a debt and gift of freedom to her 
 sister republic, France. 
 
 "Clinching the victory for the allied nations, Columbia re- 
 stored that faith in human nature, which lives through the 
 respect and veneration of manhood for womanhood, and 
 through the purification and elevation of motherhood, for the 
 salvation of the entire world — in body, mind and soul." 
 
CHAPTER VIII 
 
 UNITY 
 
 The political life of Asiatic nations has been controlled 
 from time immemorial by theocracy or church government, 
 and is always influenced by religio-philosophical convictions. 
 
 Christian nations also are controlled willy-nilly by their 
 religio-philosophical convictions, although owing to strenu- 
 ous differences of opinion, rooted in historical conflict, 
 religion is subordinated to political convenience. 
 
 Greeks and Romans recognized five philosophies of life 
 classed as: Epicurean or pleasure-seeking, genial but de- 
 generating; Stoic or Puritan, strenuous but forbidding; 
 Platonic subordination, sublime but ascetic; Aristotelian 
 proportion, practical but uninspiring; and finally, Chris- 
 tianity, social goodwill and aggressive righteousness. 
 
 Five great educational philiosophies of life or religious 
 systems, with their numerous offshoots, again govern the 
 politico-economic opinions and destinies of the world, — 
 Brahmanism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Christianity, and 
 Mohammedanism. 
 
 Since 1917, a sixth system has arisen in the Bolshevism or 
 material intellectualism of Soviet Russia. 
 
 Brahmanism, with approximately 215,500,000 followers 
 is found in India; Buddhism, with 140,000,000 followers, 
 exists also in India, in Burma, Siam, China, Korea, and with 
 Shintoism in Japan; Confucianism with Taoism, prevails in 
 China, with 311,000,000 followers; Christianity, with its 
 numerous subdivisions, including its Hebrew progenitors 
 (15,000,000) has 591,000,000 followers, spread throughout 
 Europe, Asia, America, Australasia and Africa ; Moham- 
 medanism, reaching from Turkey in Europe southeast- 
 ward through Arabia, Afghanistan and India to Malaysia 
 and Oceanica, and southwestward through Egypt to north 
 
 118 
 
Unity 119 
 
 and central Africa, numbers approximately 227,000,000 
 followers. 
 
 Through the efforts of Christian workers, a better under- 
 standing had risen between the leaders of these philosophical 
 systems, before the World War of 1914-1918, and a federa- 
 tion of educational interests for civilization and world prog- 
 ress seemed imminent. 
 
 Since the World War, however, the disintegrating philo> 
 sophy of Bolshevism has taken root in Eurasian Russia and 
 threatens the world through pitiful materialism, born of 
 centuries of theocratic autocracy, whose unstable founda- 
 tions originated in the Eastern Catholic rejection of the 
 divinity of motherhood in 431, and in 831 of the relationship 
 of the son to the father. 
 
 Taking advantage of differences of national opinion, 
 Bolshevism is attempting to spread its influence throughout 
 the world and especially by a Pan-Islamic alliance in Asia, 
 for the overthrow of Christianity. 
 
 Their efforts against Americanism have been synthesized 
 in the following paragraph : "A curious combination of so- 
 called liberal educators, writers, anarchists and revolution- 
 ary Socialists, are bending their energies toward controlling 
 public opinion, and the persons who have participated in 
 this movement are sowing the seeds of disorder and doing 
 their part to imperil the structure of American institutions." 
 
 Will the evil prevail? 
 
 " 'Twere well to guard that no Power rise 
 Whose doom again can shake the skies !" 
 
 Courage to turn from false ways, to find the lost road and 
 to start afresh, is the great essential now for world progress. 
 
 These pages have already revealed how Christian and 
 Moslem opinion was coordinating on the fundamental prin- 
 ciple of life for civilization, and how other Asiatic opinion 
 was seeking the spiritual unity of the human race. 
 
 The signs in favor of a new World-Church are inevitable 
 and irresistible. It is a question of the soul of America 
 rising triumphant in its spirit of humanity and wisdom to 
 
120 The Age of Understanding 
 
 exemplify the principles of peace and goodwill — as God's 
 will — for all nations. 
 
 Since 1893, and more especially after the overthrow of 
 Prussianism in 1918, all nations are eagerly expectant of 
 the social message of a new World-Church of practical 
 spiritual and ethical ideals, purified of the dissentient propa- 
 ganda of the hundreds of divergent creeds which, from the 
 second century of the growing age of reason, has retarded 
 faith and the progress of human life. 
 
 As Morley says : "These contests of opinion for securing 
 new power from new truth, should no longer be obscured by 
 anger and evil speaking." 
 
 "As we toil on towards a higher civilization, the difficulties 
 caused by our own yet imperfect sense of right will slowly 
 pass away and there will remain only the healthy battle 
 against surrounding nature." 
 
 Carter has eloquently and fervently remarked : "It is time 
 that the vicious battles of peace should cease." 
 
 History and evolution show, especially among their repre- 
 sentatives in the United States, that European national 
 churches, have adversely differentiated world opinion on the 
 questions of creed, class, and color. 
 
 What the world needs is a united representative, equally- 
 balanced Church educational body, keeping itself free from 
 political interference, but imparting lucid, spiritual and 
 ethical instruction for the maturing masses, to guide them 
 aright in social, national and international government. A 
 church body of which it can be truly said : 
 
 "Consideration like an angel came 
 And whipt the offending Adam out of her ; 
 Leaving her body as a paradise 
 To envelop and contain celestial spirits." 
 
 Only through the example and teachings of such an in- 
 stitution can the better thought and advanced minds of 
 different nations unify to develop the principles of humanity 
 among the varied races for world federation. 
 
 Benjamin Franklin expressed the idea as early as May 
 19, 1731, in "Observations on my reading history": — 
 
Unity 121 
 
 "There seems to me at present to be great occasion for 
 raising a united party for virtue, by forming the virtuous 
 and good men of all nations into a regular body, to be gov- 
 erned by suitable good and wise rules, which good and wise 
 men may probably be more unanimous in their obedience to, 
 than common people are to common laws. I at present think 
 that whoever attempts this aright, and is well qualified, 
 cannot fail of pleasing God, and of meeting with success." 
 
 The disciplined and well-ordered minds of men and women 
 of clear vision, bound together by spiritual and ethical ties 
 of happy comradeship, of healthful cooperation, to advance 
 the high ends of a common life and a common good, could 
 give strength to the weak and courage to the faint-hearted, 
 to unite the human race in a wholesome family relationship. 
 
 Though the journey may be long and burdensome, and at 
 times repugnant to the white race, there is the practical goal 
 of worthy attainment. 
 
 In the increasing multitude of the wise and the wisely edu- 
 cated of all nations, lies the progress of the world. 
 
 Clear thought, unbiased and concentrated in unselfish 
 service for the welfare of humanity, will accomplish its pur- 
 pose. 
 
 The librarians of the world today report that men and 
 women of all nations are asking for information and seeking 
 works dealing with the ideals of a unified World-Church, 
 free from sectarian strife, rebound through real religion. 
 
 Relatively, to the average man who has had the business 
 opportunity and takes the trouble to probe and analyze the 
 situation, the differences seem puerile, void of common-sense, 
 vicious and demoralizing, which separate the different na- 
 tional church bodies, Anglican, Russo-Greek, Gallican, Ital- 
 ian, German, Turkish, and their dissenting sects. 
 
 The causes traced to their roots are: ignorance, sin, 
 shamelessness, pride, envy, deceit, trickery and treachery, 
 characteristic of the centuries and the peoples among which 
 they originated. 
 
 "Quam parva sapientia mundus regitur ! — With how 
 little wisdom is the world governed," Oxenstiern, the fa- 
 mous Swedish chancellor told his son when, in 1635, he com- 
 bined policies with Richelieu the great French minister, to 
 
1£2 The Age of Understanding 
 
 end the religious wars, which for thirty years devastated 
 Europe. 
 
 Since the middle of the last century, the persistent efforts 
 of separated sects in the Christian Churches throughout 
 Europe to unify in a World-Church, fill volumes of records. 
 
 Notwithstanding recent praiseworthy but futile attempts 
 in the United States, the best impersonal effort in the direc- 
 tion of sincerity and unity, was the World Parliament of 
 Religions in 1893, a special feature of the Columbian Ex- 
 position at Chicago, commemorating the four hundredth 
 anniversary of the modern discovery of America. 
 
 Twenty-four years previously, in 1869, invitations had 
 been ignored among others, by the Greek, Lutheran and An- 
 glican churches, to a World Conference and Council at 
 Rome for the unification of Christendom. 
 
 The Council was disastrously broken up by the Franco- 
 Prussian War, the withdrawal of French troops, and the 
 capture of Rome and the Papal Territory by Italian revolu- 
 tionists under Garibaldi. 
 
 Invitations to the Chicago World Parliament in 1893, 
 were severely criticized and rejected, but unofficial Anglican 
 and Lutheran representatives, whose dual control in the in- 
 terests of Protestantism at Jerusalem had been separated 
 by the present ex-Kaiser in 1888, attended and expressed 
 dissent with the Calvinistic-Catholic democracy and inter- 
 nationalism of the Chicago World Parliament, as at variance 
 with the aristocracy of autocratic institutions and their 
 views in regard to Christian unity. 
 
 In contrast to this invidious attitude, the leading official 
 Japanese representative, addressing America at the Parlia- 
 ment, said: 
 
 "Working in harmony for humanity and universal brother- 
 hood, you have wrought out the material civilization of the 
 nineteenth century. 
 
 "But who will it be that establishes the spiritual civiliza- 
 tion of the twentieth century? 
 
 "It must be you !" 
 
 As inheritors of immortal traditions and the facts of a 
 living and not a dead past, through the historical and scien- 
 tific methods of study and education, human problems can 
 
Unity 
 
 be analyzed and simplified so as to establish more firmly 
 than ever the principles, clear ideals and practical stand- 
 ards of Americanism, for a new World-Church. 
 
 New Amsterdam Dutch, French Huguenots, Plymouth 
 Pilgrims, Boston Puritans, and Pennsylvania Quakers, 
 Scandinavians and Moravians, were the fathers of modern 
 religious liberty in America, as their descendants, the fathers 
 of the Declaration of Independence and of the Constitu- 
 tion, were of political liberty. 
 
 As the United States purified itself of the antiquated 
 forms of political government, which the German-British 
 king George III sought to impose on the New World, so 
 this country should purify the truth of its philosophy and 
 religion from the antiquated, obtuse and beclouded forms of 
 Old World teachings, which so long have held the world in 
 contentious subjection. 
 
 The American Legion of crusaders who, in 1918, rescued 
 the Old World from the perils of unmoral autocracy, might 
 well become the fathers of the new World-Church 
 
 Hebrew 
 
 
 Catholic 
 the 
 
 Protestant 
 
 Father 
 
 
 Mother 
 unified as 
 
 Son 
 
 Mind 
 
 
 Soul 
 in the 
 
 Body 
 
 Truth 
 
 
 Wisdom 
 of 
 
 Faith 
 
 Science 
 
 
 Philosophy 
 through 
 
 Religion 
 
 Revelation 
 
 
 Mediation 
 for the 
 
 Conciliation 
 
 
 Age 
 
 of Understanding 
 
 
 In a new unified organization of this type, with the 
 fundamentals of life reformulated to modern understand- 
 ing, each of the existing church organizations, naturally, 
 would retain freedom of action for forms adapted to the 
 various mental and spiritual planes of their different con- 
 gregations, until the unifying process adjusts itself through 
 
124 The Age of Understanding 
 
 moral education and, eventually embracing Hebrew, Chris- 
 tian, Gentile, 1 as Father, Mother, Children, spreads through- 
 out the world as the 
 
 TEMPLE OF GOD 
 
 As in the united work of welfare organizations, for ex- 
 ample, the European Relief Committee, the control of the 
 executive body, directing world faith and morals, must con- 
 sist of the strongest types of spiritually-minded men, who, 
 discarding non-essentials, will grasp and make real the in- 
 spiration, depth and functions of true religion. 
 
 In this control, both the "children of the world," and the 
 "children of light," with enlarged vision, knowledge and op- 
 portunities, must be wiser than those of the past, in the 
 interests of world progress. 
 
 Subduing every counteracting impulse, having no vision 
 beyond the distinctly possible, a unified organization ac- 
 complishes its purpose. 
 
 The world at large realizes that a fundamental regenera- 
 tion of society is necessary and inevitable ; that the mockery 
 of present day religion in the modern social order, is utterly 
 irreconcilable with the spiritual principles professed by 
 all creeds. 
 
 There is a rational and common-sense method, however, 
 of inculcating the difference between good and evil through 
 moral education and understanding, without countenancing 
 either the irreligious scoffers at everything in our social 
 order pertaining to wisdom, righteousness and beauty, or 
 agreeing with undiscriminating and narrow-minded promo- 
 ters of oppressive laws. 
 
 "Between utter selfishness and utter altruism there is a 
 middle ground in which enlightened self-interest blends with 
 a generous and noble devotion to the cause of civilization as 
 a whole," is a recent journalistic utterance of condensed 
 wisdom. 
 
 Philosophic reflectiveness can widen the mental horizon 
 and strengthen the insight, without prompting to intellec- 
 
 1 In this significance Gentile embracing Buddhists, Confucians, Moslems 
 and the Allied Asiatic creeds. 
 
Unity 125 
 
 tual arrogance, personal and family ostentation, autocratic 
 didacticism and dogmatism. 
 
 True principles and exact rules of conduct which are 
 obeyed on their own merits, need the force and sincerity of 
 example as well as education, to establish them. 
 
 The chief tasks of moral education are to warn and shame 
 wealthy profligates by exposure, and to guard against, check 
 and purify that low unmoral tone which, often blended with 
 religious fervor, is characteristic of a stratum of life breed- 
 ing families of immediate desires, disease and degeneracy, in 
 many nations, especially European and Asiatic, where the 
 majority live from hand to mouth, their administrators 
 even, not possessing the foresight and provision taught 
 3700 years ago by the Hebro-Egyptian prince, Joseph. 
 
 Such parents do little else than snatch morsels to feed the 
 hungry brood and give little heed to seed-corn or the next 
 year's harvest. 
 
 If there is a failure in the ordinary crop, the appalling 
 famines ensue that sweep into the outer sphere of chaotic 
 oblivion, the gross scum and dross of obscure vitality, as 
 all that is worthless in life will be eventually — scrapped. 
 
 There is a height within the reach of mortals to live the 
 life of perfection, by rising superior to gross physical 
 desire. 
 
 When through study and observation the great fact of the 
 original cause of human suffering flashes upon the mind of 
 the earnest scientist, or even the lowly seeker after truth, 
 wisdom for clean living is attained and spiritual rebirth, 
 conversion, or sublimation, by which humankind can become 
 purified is realized. 
 
 From the Mosaic age onward, the rise and fall of civiliza- 
 tion is traced by different national versions of the lesson. 
 
 In German literature of the tenth century, Hroswitha, 
 in one of her works, introduces Wisdom the Mother and her 
 three daughters Faith, Hope and Charity, as abstract per- 
 sonifications, who go to Rome to influence the citizens for 
 righteous living, and are put to death, by order of the Em- 
 peror Hadrian. 
 
 In Hindu literature, the lesson is found in an eleventh 
 century Sanskrit drama by Krishna Misra, who wrote it for 
 
126 The Age of Understanding 
 
 Kirtivarman the Chandella (1056-1116). In the "Pra- 
 bodhya — Candrodaya — Rise of the Moon of Wisdom," the 
 hosts of passion are overthrown, reason triumphs by union 
 with revelation and produces the truth which annihilates the 
 reign of terror. 
 
 Five hundred years later, in the sixteenth century, Ed- 
 mund Spenser (1552-1599) "the poet's poet," of English 
 literature, during the early troublous Reformation period, 
 introduces a similar theme in his great allegory "The Faerie 
 Queene," the purpose of which is the maintenance of the 
 seven moral virtues — chastity, faith, justice, temperance, 
 prudence, fortitude, charity. Una, the "Faerie Queene" 
 represents Truth the "lovely ladie" who shines forth in all 
 purity. By her gentle spirit she tames the lion — Reason, 
 which accompanies her. For her sake, her companion 
 George, the Red Cross knight, slays the dragon of lust, and 
 after painful trials they are happily united in marriage. 
 
 As Michelangelo — Michael the Angel — the genius of the 
 World-School of the fifteenth century, said: "Purity en- 
 joys eternal youth." 
 
 In a texture finer than common and mortal clay, the body 
 cleansed of its physical dross through athletic, intellectual 
 and altruistic activity can maintain eternal youth and su- 
 perhuman strength for longevity and the painless transi- 
 tion to a higher sphere. 
 
 Paraphrasing Zarathrustra "the Golden Star of Persia," 
 and Shakespeare "the Swan of Avon," it may be added: 
 
 "This earthly life is not the end and aim of being. 
 
 "Let not thy imagination persuade thee that the grave is 
 to be a refuge for thee. 
 
 "This mortal state is but a preparation for eternal life, 
 for what are we but divided souls made visible, seeking re- 
 union, as we pass on from eternity to eternity. 
 
 "We are such stuff as dreams are made on and our little 
 life is rounded with a sleep. 
 
 "For an immortal awakening." 
 
 The greatest sphere of the united soul's fuller activity 
 where purified life will develop to its ultimate capacity lies 
 on the farther shore beyond the mortal veil of time. 
 
 Even on this earth, transfigured, "sublimated" as Freud 
 
Unity 127 
 
 suggests, mortals can become as eons, the shining ones of 
 God, the purest emanations of the Holy Spirit, superbeings 
 whose bodies combine the perfections of the father and 
 mother, but transcend them in immortality. 
 
 In different phases of life, notable examples from each 
 century could be mentioned, and their numbers are increas- 
 ing. The host of humanitarians who are imprinting their 
 deeds on the pages of history does not diminish. 
 
 Mortal life to those who have grasped its meaning, gradu- 
 ally becomes subsidiary to the spiritual forces of the uni- 
 verse which grow more real, as with advancing years, the 
 welcome transition approaches. 
 
 "At eventide there cometh light." 
 
 The ages of humankind are three. 
 
 In evolution through the youthful age of miracles and 
 wonders, followed by the wedded age of reason and logic, 
 knowledge blends through philosophy in the matured age 
 of science and understanding. 
 
 Evolution is revolution. 
 
 All human progress moves in a circle or more accurately, 
 to use Hawthorne's figure, "in an ascending spiral curve." 
 
 "While we fancy ourselves going straight forward and 
 attaining at every step an entirely new position of affairs, 
 we do actually return to something long ago tried and aban- 
 doned, but which we now find etherealized, refined and per- 
 fected to its ideal." 
 
 "The past is but a coarse and sensual prophecy of the 
 future." 
 
 The time was never riper, the opportunity never greater 
 than the present day for America to direct the whole reli- 
 gious, philosophic and scientific thought of the world in 
 the right channel. 
 
 That opportunity involves the federation within its own 
 borders first, of the three great bodies which gave Christian 
 civilization to the world, Hebrew-Father; Catholic-Mother; 
 Protestant-Son ; in a common policy of unity of thought 
 and action for a modern formulation of the fundamental 
 eugenic principle of existence — the family unit. 
 
 Through personal purity, the will of the father per- 
 petuated in the children, — through the spirit of the 
 
128 The Age of Understanding 
 
 mother — , evolving that cleanliness of life which science, 
 philosophy and moral education show, can alone make for 
 the perfection of the human race, for civilization, and for the 
 peace and progress of the world. 
 
 No new fangled religion is needed, simply the elemental 
 truth retold and lived in such a way that it is possible for 
 humanity to understand and believe it true. 
 
 As Buckle writes : "Not so much a creation of fresh ideas, 
 but rather a new direction given to ideas already current 
 among contemporary thinkers." 
 
 The Hebraic-Greek conception of Christ the Son of God, 
 the Creator and Spirit of Good on earth, through the unified 
 trinity of father and mother blended in the son, revealed in 
 the Messianic life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, em- 
 bodies as — with Stoic indifferentism — Benjamin Franklin 
 admitted at eighty-four years of age, "the best system of 
 morals and religion the world ever saw or is like to see." 
 
 The Chalcedon formula of 451, said to have been the limit 
 of human wisdom on the subject, readjusted to modern 
 understanding, as follows, is suggested, subject to any modi- 
 fication that superior learning, spiritual or secular, may re- 
 veal. 
 
 CREED 
 
 OF THE LEGION OF THE LIVING 
 
 TEMPLE OF GOD 
 
 PRECES 
 
 Trust God! Spurn Evil! 
 
 Cherish Faith ! Honor the Nation ! 
 
 Wisdom is the principal thing, therefore get Wisdom! 
 
 But with all thy getting, get Understanding ! 
 
 The Spirit of Knowledge with Righteousness ! 
 
 The Comforter which is the Holy Ghost, even the Spirit of 
 
 Truth which proceedeth from the Father, and whom the 
 
 Father will send in my name, shall teach you all things 
 
 and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever 
 
 I have said unto you ! 
 
 The former things are passed away! 
 
 Behold I make all things new ! That ye all may be one ! 
 
 For hath not one Father made us all! 
 
Unity 129 
 
 CREED 
 
 We believe in God the Spirit of Good, the Father Al- 
 mighty, Maker of Heaven and Earth, and in the Mind and 
 Will of the Father the Creator of Life, made manifest in the 
 Word and Body of Christ the Son — through the Spirit and 
 Soul of the Mother, the Sanctifier and Giver of Life, the 
 Paraclete and Comforter, the Daughter of God in the Spirit 
 of Truth — who proceedeth from the Father and the Son 
 and with them together is worshipped and glorified, Who 
 spake by the Prophets, Sin not against the Holy Spirit of 
 God in whom ye are sealed unto the Day of Redemption, for 
 God is a Spirit and they who worship Him must worship 
 Him in Spirit and in Truth. 
 
 And We believe in the new World-Church in Communion 
 with the Saints who have lived and died, in the Forgiveness 
 of sins, in the Resurrection of the body celestial, the Soul 
 and Temple of God, united on earth through the Holy Spirit 
 of Truth in peace and goodwill, for the newer world, the 
 newer age, the newer life to come, blending and ascending 
 into Heaven unto joy everlasting. 
 
 AMEN 
 
 A reverent, temperate, virile, understandable creed along 
 these lines would appeal to all well-balanced thought, as 
 Parton says: "illumed with the affectionate sentiment 
 which caused Homer, whenever he had occasion to use the 
 title, to prefix the adjective 'revered' to the loved name of 
 'mother.' " 
 
 If the youth of this nation and of the world could be 
 made to understand and grasp the truth of this creed, 
 there might be in the next generation forward strides which 
 would dwarf the progress of the past nineteen centuries, 
 and speedily solve the complex problem of history and civili- 
 zation, making for the unity of all religions in the universal 
 conception of the Temple of God as Christ the Son, human 
 and divine, through the Holy Spirit, implanted in parent- 
 hood. 
 
 No finer, nor more virile, modern confession of such faith 
 in Christ, can be found in literature, than that of the great 
 
130 The Age of Understanding 
 
 mid-western journalist, Henry Watterson at eighty years 
 of age, in his autobiography, "Marse Henry." 
 
 An independent stand in this matter is one that all liberal 
 minds in the Old World expect of America, especially when 
 strong efforts are being made both there and here to ignore 
 the social gospel of Christianity and to reestablish on the 
 one hand the old distinctions of class, creed, and color, and 
 on the other hand the immorality, disease and degeneracy of 
 irreligion. 
 
 The democracy of the better-class growing republics and 
 commonwealths throughout the world are silent but powerful 
 protests against the perpetuation of the old evils that his- 
 tory reveals in both types, especially in Europe. 
 
 It should no longer be said of the United States, at least, 
 that "the religious conscience has not yet blossomed into 
 the intellectual conscience." 
 
 Bergson, the unconscious Rosminian, and vaunted re- 
 discoverer of the soul, which, by the way was never lost in the 
 United States, has said: 
 
 "The freedom from bias of the American mind and its 
 ability to analyze clearly may result in wonderful philo- 
 sophical achievements there." 
 
 American philosophers and scientists justify Bergson's 
 opinion. 
 
 An America of improving righteousness, sustained by 
 justice, law and order, and maintaining its principles of 
 equal opportunity for all, is the rational nation of the future 
 to lead all humankind in peace and goodwill for a regener- 
 ated world. 
 
 As a United body the new World-Church of America 
 would be in Truth, Word and Spirit, — the ideal Temple of 
 God, — for such a purpose. 
 
 In such a Church, Hebrew, Catholic, Protestant, and 
 eventually Hebrew, Christian, Gentile, all sects, repurified, 
 could merge. 
 
 While remaining the same in its essential features, it 
 would never cease, as Moran has declared "to modify, adapt 
 and develop itself, according to the legitimate needs of the 
 different epochs. 
 
Unity 131 
 
 "By this it would reflect an indispensable condition of life, 
 that of ceaselessly renewing itself, while remaining in sub- 
 stance what it was in the beginning. 
 
 "Of allowing no particle of the original deposit of the 
 Faith to be lost, but at the same time not systematically 
 holding aloof from bringing into stronger light the de- 
 velopment of certain aspects of revealed truth, which were at 
 first not so clearly seen." 
 
 In this Temple of God as the new World-Church, the 
 selection of a leader, freely elected from his compeers, with- 
 out regard to birth or rank, as in the election of the Presi- 
 dent of the United States, would represent the highest type 
 of religious social democracy. 
 
 Modern pragmatic philosophy and true religion in 
 America aim at brightness and happiness. 
 
 Not to add the burden of melancholic and obscure creeds 
 to the complexities of modern life, but to help humankind 
 to bear their rightful responsibilities, without being over- 
 whelmed by them. 
 
 There is really no room in true Americanism for mawkish 
 sentimentality and the maundering, mentally melancholic 
 litanies of miserable sinners. 
 
 The exercise of true science and wisdom with the leaven 
 of common-sense, will prevent the production of miserable 
 sinners. 
 
 All science or knowledge that confirms faith in the funda- 
 mental principles of clean living, is to be welcomed. 
 
 The "opposition of science falsely so-called," preached 
 against for nineteen hundred years, that engenders pride, 
 materialism and all the train of errors or disbelief in the 
 faith of right principles of life, cannot be too strongly con- 
 demned. 
 
 The visional form of revelation based on scientific prin- 
 ciples is in no way to be despised. 
 
 In no other way does the world receive material creations 
 of spiritual beauty in its literature and fine arts to brighten 
 and purify life. 
 
 "Of knowledge, all that mind received 
 In art and beauty on the earth; 
 
132 The Age of Understanding 
 
 Fond dreams by genius bright conceived; 
 
 Of life beyond is but poor dearth ; 
 Let not the ego be deceived, 
 
 From Heaven it sprang, there had its birth." 
 
 Since 1914, the crucifixion of Christian civilization by 
 Kaiserism and Bolshevism, has repeated in its millions of 
 innocent victims, the Crucifixion and supreme sacrifice of 
 the innocent Christ. 
 
 The martyrdoms in modern history of the murdered Tsar 
 Nicholas of Russia and his family, of Louis XVI and Marie 
 Antoinette of France, of Krell of Germany, of Charles the 
 First of England, of Servetus of Spain, of Bruno of Italy, 
 of Jeanne d'Arc, of Huss, of Wyclif, and the host of other 
 sacrificial victims of all tribes and nations to the cause of 
 Christian civilization, would seem almost to be useless lessons. 
 
 Still, the human and divine Jesus in His Christlike spirit 
 of wisdom would be the last to desire that untold miseries 
 and unwarranted sacrifices, born of evil, should be held up 
 in perpetual remembrance as religious symbols, either of a 
 wrathful, vengeance seeking, or a forgiving, creative power, 
 especially when individuals and nations, endowed with free- 
 will and judgment to choose between good and evil, bring 
 evil upon themselves — and there's the pity of it — on innocent 
 neighbors. 
 
 Those who have suffered find it easier to forgive than 
 to forget and to take precautions against the recurrence of 
 evil. 
 
 To warn the world to discard evil, God in Christ is the 
 Spirit of Good, and what is needed is the resurrection of 
 that Spirit, which, in the life and teachings of Jesus, the 
 Hebrew son of the Hebrew parents, Joseph and Mary, sin- 
 cere, ardent and gentle, insistent and tenderly true, never 
 more potent through the divine nature of His personality 
 than today, still inculcates truth, love, faith and happiness, 
 as the four-square golden rule of life. 
 
 Evolution and history show that the salvation of human- 
 kind for the life here on earth and the hereafter, formerly 
 sought by preaching fear and sorrow, is best taught and in- 
 terpreted through the immeasurable happiness, the bright 
 
Unity 133 
 
 and joyous experience to be found in the development of the 
 moral, ethical, spiritual life, by obedience to the natural — 
 which are the divine — laws. 
 
 Longfellow struck the keynote of Americanism in "A 
 Psalm of Life": 
 
 "Trust no future, howe'er pleasant! 
 
 Let the dead past bury its dead ! 
 Act, act in the living present, 
 
 Heart within and God o'erhead !" 
 
 He also saw with prophetic vision the universal Temple 
 of God, when he wrote: 
 
 "One holy church of God appears 
 
 Through every age and race, 
 Unwasted by the lapse of years, 
 
 Unchanged by changing place." 
 
 "Until that great resplendent Day 
 With Light shall flood the Universe, 
 
 When evil swept in flame away, 
 To outer chaos will disperse, 
 
 And Good — eternal GOD — alway, 
 Shall lift from humankind its curse," 
 
 the salvage of civilization through mutual faith, will be best 
 attained by leaders of all separated sects, again uniting, 
 as in 1893 in a friendly parliament, to build in the Temple 
 of God, a perfect church society on earth, so as to federate 
 the higher thought of all nations, for the newer world, the 
 newer age, and the better life of the future. 
 
 From 1893 onward, "hurtling down the corridors of 
 time, shattering ancient myths, false theology, exploded 
 controversies, cursing creeds, hypocrisy, bitterness, inhu- 
 manity, pride, malice, envy, hatred, and all uncharitableness, 
 clarion calls went forth to the priesthood and teachers of 
 creeds in all nations" from the press, from literature, from 
 statesmen, educators, and the public at large. 
 
134 The Age of Understandmg 
 
 
 "Re-form yourselves ! Unite ! 
 
 "Live up to the Christian precepts of the gospel of hu- 
 manity that you preach !" 
 
 "Repent ye! for the kingdom of heaven is at hand!" 
 
 "Tell us the truth so that we can understand it !" was the 
 pathetic appeal to their chaplains, of the members of the 
 American Expeditionary and Allied Forces, in those days 
 when millions were going forth to face and meet death by 
 the thousands. 
 
 "Give light and the people will find their way," said Dante. 
 
 "Let the people know the truth and the nation is safe" 
 said Lincoln. 
 
 But, until "Der Tag," that fateful day, July 28th, 1914, 
 "when faith and form were sundered in the night of fear," 
 by the very nation from which such an action should have 
 been least expected, religion was the laggard of science, and 
 "dies irae! dies ilia!" the "day of wrath and mourning," 
 foretold by Celano and Luther, broke upon a world "all un- 
 prepared to meet its horrors." 
 
CHAPTER IX 
 
 AMERICANISM 
 
 In criticisms of foreign nations on political actions affect- 
 ing American interests, senators, congressmen, politicians, 
 and ordinary individuals are frequently described by hasty 
 writers as "violently" anti-German, anti-British, anti- 
 Japanese, as the case may be. 
 
 If a good native son is one hundred percent American, 
 and firmly convinced that the principles of Americanism 
 have proved to be the best so far developed to govern world 
 policy, he is not necessarily anti-any thing, but justly pa- 
 triotic. 
 
 "Ducit Amor Patriae — He led in the love of country," 
 is a patriotic slogan that daily catches the eyes of passing 
 thousands in the heart of New York City. 
 
 Although individuals and nations, as Lord Bryce inti- 
 mates, may not "love one another for their superior virtues," 
 the steadfast patriotism of true Americanism, is altogether 
 outside this category. 
 
 In the same manner, an impersonal, non-sectarian writer 
 and impartial historian, should not be accused of bias when, 
 in his earnest quest after truth, he seeks a just perspective 
 and proportionate balance for his chronicle of events and 
 facts and the deductions to be drawn therefrom. 
 
 It has been proved that all social and political actions 
 are governed by convictions based on religio-philosophical 
 principles, — or the abuse of them. 
 
 It should be unnecessary to disarm criticism and imputa- 
 tions of unworthy motives, when the author draws attention 
 to the suggestion put forth by some religious leaders in New 
 York City, that "the call to unity" will be best accomplished 
 by "submission" to the antiquated church forms of a now 
 friendly nation, but one from whose political shackles 
 
 135 
 
136 The Age of Understanding 
 
 America freed herself in 1776, and which America saved in 
 1918, from humiliation and absorption in the German Em- 
 pire, by the unregenerate great-grandson of her oppressor, 
 King George III of Hanover and Great Britain. 
 
 With all the conceivable goodwill in the world and without 
 "the arms of scorn in an all too scornful age," submission 
 to any such suggestion, would simply perpetuate succession 
 to a class clericalism, from which evangelical, spiritual 
 and intellectual America, happily, has kept herself free 
 during three centuries. 
 
 Submission to any power, military, political or clerical, 
 is altogether foreign to the principles of Americanism. 
 
 One of the most striking of modern republican illustra- 
 tions was General John Pershing's firm stand in 1917-1918 
 to maintain the American Army as a unit, against the efforts 
 of both the French and British commanders to dissipate and 
 distribute among their regiments the American troops, and 
 so to divide the American Army as to destroy largely its 
 entity. 
 
 The energetic Charles G. Dawes writes of General Persh- 
 ing's democratic attitude during this trying period as fol- 
 lows, "his unquestioned leadership . . . his firmness and 
 his great strength of statement, his breadth of view and his 
 utter indifference to the personal importance of any one 
 opposing him, are a source of pride and satisfaction as well 
 as relief. The President of France, the British authorities, 
 Lloyd George, General Bliss — all arrayed against John — 
 mean nothing to him except as they present reason." 
 
 The sons of America have proved themselves quite capable 
 of looking after her political and military needs and are 
 equally capable of providing for her particular spiritual 
 needs, and improving on any antiquated Eurasian clerical 
 forms, sixteen centuries old, or even less in age. 
 
 If not, America should tie herself to the apron strings of 
 mother Europe and grandmother Asia, both for spiritual 
 and political guidance. 
 
 A great modern American worker for world unity has 
 written, "Americans generally loathe to differ and are deter- 
 mined to understand. It is a great thing for any people 
 when, without weakening or sacrificing any vital principle, 
 
A mericanism 1 37 
 
 they make up their minds or resolve that they will seek 
 to understand those from whom they may conscientiously 
 differ. The war ushered the denominations into countless 
 new friendships and into a wider and richer fellowship. The 
 spirit of true tolerance and of sympathetic appreciation 
 developed and men's souls expanded. The large-minded and 
 large-hearted cooperation of all elements in our national life 
 should be extended to internationalism." 
 
 With all due respect to tradition, not submission and 
 tearful subjection, but admission and cheerful recognition 
 of the American will for good in a revised modern creed and 
 universal policy of spiritual common-sense, is the essential 
 action now needed, to unify world-thought, to purify religion, 
 to guide social and political life aright, and to solidify 
 civilization. 
 
 That spiritual creed, formulated in a modern, scientific 
 form, for the clear comprehension and practical use of all 
 separated sects, will eventually adjust the human race to 
 those correct Hebraic-Christian principles of social good- 
 will, righteousness, and justice, taught for nineteen centuries, 
 and which now govern the humanity of Americanism, in its 
 standard of world-nationalism, for the age of understanding. 
 
CHAPTER X 
 
 SUMMARY 
 
 
 The Roman maternal faith — respect for womanhood — 
 has been degraded throughout the ages, and notably in 
 Europe since the fifteenth century, by racial perversions, 
 defections, national exhibitions of cruelty, tyranny, trick- 
 ery, treachery, etc., which have not elevated the Church in 
 the estimation of Americans, North or South, throughout 
 the Continent. Conditions have produced an impasse in 
 Christendom from which the only way out is to get together 
 and build a new World-Church. 
 
 The Eastern or Russo-Greek patriarchal faith, after re- 
 jection of the principle of maternal equality in 431 A.D., 
 separated from the Roman faith in 831. 
 
 Mohammed and his disciples rejected abuses of the 
 Eastern patriarchal faith and with the Hegira in 621, 
 founded the Mohammedan Church. 
 
 Germany and Britain in the sixteenth century overthrew 
 Roman domination, and substituted in their imperial do- 
 mains, a more material or consubstantial Protestant pa- 
 ternal faith, — only to become grappling enemies in the 
 twentieth century. 
 
 France rejected Roman domination in the eighteenth 
 century. 
 
 America — the United States — was never under Roman 
 domination. There, the statistical sectarian ratio for prac- 
 tical Christian work is 17% P er cen ^ Roman to 82% 
 per cent Protestant, including 2% per cent of the Hebrew 
 progenitors of both. 1 
 
 And now — the world sees repentant Britain, and a regen- 
 erated, spiritualized Catholic France, thanking evangelical 
 
 1 Consult "American Catholics in the War," Michael Williams, New 
 York, 1921. 
 
 138 
 
Summary 139 
 
 Christian America — Columbia, the new World Mother 
 (Magna-Mater), Comforter, Helper, the long-promised 
 Paraclete, — for their rescue from the hell-bred, autocratic 
 paternalism of Germany. 
 
 The world also sees Columbia, the new Daughter-Mother, 
 with her "fleets of mercy," assisting revolted Russia, sub- 
 dued Germany, and the other nations of the world to a 
 proper understanding of the Golden Rule, leading onward to 
 the new age of good-will — God's Will, — blending all sects, 
 Hebrew-Catholic-Protestant, Father and Mother, Son and 
 Daughter, with Gentile-children — the entire human family — 
 in the true Columbian Christian Church, regulating a puri- 
 fied world and universe for the continuous reign of peace, 
 plenty, and prosperity. 
 
 CONCLUSION 
 
 The author has thought it unnecessary to document and 
 load this book with references to all the authorities which 
 could be quoted for each statement advanced. 
 
 Even casual use of leading cyclopedias, national and reli- 
 gious, with their wealth of bibliographical reference, of cur- 
 rent yearbooks, of magazine and newspaper indexes, will 
 verify and substantiate any of the facts advanced. 
 
 It is suggested that reference to the biographies of the 
 scientists and authors mentioned, and further encyclopedic 
 research to amplify any fact questioned, would provide use- 
 ful recreational and educational exercises, to test the knowl- 
 edge of the younger as well as the older members of any 
 family circle, association or club, and especially of high 
 school and library school classes. 
 
 For full appreciation and intelligent criticism, these facts 
 should not be separated from the context, but all should be 
 carefully studied in their aggregate relationship to this 
 composite analysis of the evolution of Americanism, as the 
 standard of world-wide citizenship, indivisible and invincible, 
 in an age of understanding and commonsense, enlightening 
 the earth from end to end. 
 
INDEX 
 
 Aaron, 18, 32 
 
 Abelard, 35 
 
 Abraham, 32, 60 
 
 Acadia, 43 
 
 Adam, 17, 60, 120 
 
 Adams, Henry, 39, 44, 62; John, 
 23; John Quincy, 23; Sarah 
 F., 59 
 
 Africa, 51, 118 
 
 Age, 91; of Miracles, 8, 28, 32, 
 127; of Reason, 8, 28, 30, 
 127; of Science, 18, 127; of 
 Understanding, 8, 61, 116, 123, 
 137 
 
 Ages of Humankind, 127 
 
 Alexandrian School, 32 
 
 Ameba, 16, 19 
 
 America, 23, 37, 39, 41, 42, 64, 
 72, 74, 85, 111, 113, 116, 118, 
 122, 127, 130, 136, 138 
 
 American Army, 136; belief, 46; 
 Expeditionary Forces, 18, 134; 
 institutions, 119; language, 64; 
 Legion, 18, 123; principles, 58; 
 standards, 57 
 
 Americanism, 7, 8, 35, 62, 70, 72, 
 93, 119, 123, 131, 133, 135 
 
 Amerindians, 20, 42 
 
 Anaxagoras, 103 
 
 Anglican, 121, 122; mind, 92; 
 thought, 66 
 
 Anglo-Dutch, 29, 44; Irish Catho- 
 lics, 44; Norman, 8, 25, 28, 
 39, 40, 62; Cavaliers, 44; lan- 
 guage, 44, 63; Saxon, 8, 63 
 
 "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle," 18 
 
 Animal forms, 15; life, 79, 80 
 
 Anne Boleyn, 50 
 
 Anthropology, 16 
 
 Aquinas, 41 
 
 Archimedes, 101 
 
 Aristarchus, 101 
 
 Aristocracy, 45, 67, 93, 111, 122 
 
 Aristotle, 95, 101, 118 
 
 Asia, 62, 85, 118, 136 
 
 Asoka, 31 
 Assyria, 28, 95 
 Australia, 51, 66, 118 
 Avesta, 87 
 Aztecs, 41 
 
 Beecher, Henry Ward, 35 
 
 Behaviorism, 49 
 
 Belgium, 23, 117 
 
 Berchoux, 95 
 
 Bergson, 109, 130 
 
 Berosus, 103 
 
 Bible, 53 
 
 Biology, 7, 25, 34, 46, 49, 83 
 
 Bismarck, 55, 117 
 
 Blouet, M., 99 
 
 Boccaccio, 48 
 
 Bolshevism, 26, 112, 118, 132 
 
 Bonheur, Rosa, 36 
 
 Boston, Mass., 44 
 
 Brahmanism, 33, 79, 87, 118 
 
 Breladian, 40, 80 
 
 Bridges, H. J., 93 
 
 British Civil War, 30; Empire, 65, 
 66, 111; Israel World Federa- 
 tion, 60; Republic, 28 
 
 Brown, E. E., 112 
 
 Bruno, 41, 132 
 
 Bryce, Lord J., 57, 66, 135 
 
 Buckle, 29, 128 
 
 Buddha, 87, 118 
 
 Burbank, L., 26 
 
 Calaveras skull, 86 
 Calvinistic-Catholic, 92, 122; 
 
 thought, 44 
 Canada, 42, 66 
 Carnegie, A., 55 
 Carter, E. C, 120 
 Cartesian method, 108 
 Carus, 107 
 Caste, 29, 111 
 Catherine of Russia, 45 
 Catholic, 40, 59, 130; Mother, 127 
 Celano, 134 
 
 141 
 
142 
 
 Index 
 
 Central and South America, 29, 31 
 
 Chalcedon Creed, 128 
 
 Chaldea, 17, 101 
 
 Chamberlin, 100 
 
 Charles I, 54, 132 
 
 Chateaubriand, 39 
 
 China, 17, 29, 65, 111, 112, 113, 118 
 
 Christ, 33, 37, 89, 93, 128, 129, 132 
 
 Church of the Wilderness, 59 
 
 Civilization, 7, 18, 22 , 24, 46, 48, 
 51, 52, 56, 72, 74, 80, 87, 96, 
 116, 119, 120, 124, 125, 129, 
 132, 133, 137; Aegean, 28; 
 American, 111; antediluvian, 
 41; 19th Century, 122; 20th 
 Century, 122 
 
 Clemenceau, 93 
 
 Class, 67, 72, 93, 111, 120, 130 
 
 Clifford, W. K., 95, 108 
 
 Color, 72, 120, 130 
 
 Columbia, 23, 41, 117, 139 
 
 Columbus, 41, 43, 122 
 
 Commonwealth of England, 28, 30 
 
 Confucius, 87, 90, 112, 118 
 
 Constantine the Great, 36, 60 
 
 Constantinople, 34, 37 
 
 Constitution of the U. S., 29, 123 
 
 Conway, M., 46 
 
 Cooper, F., 65 
 
 Copernicus, 41, 101 
 
 Cosmogony, 99 
 
 Council of Elvira, 34 
 
 Council, Roman, 122 
 
 Counter-Reformation, 109 
 
 Coutances, 36, 39 
 
 Cowper, 93, 106 
 
 Creed of the Legion, 128 
 
 Cro-Magnon, 80 
 
 Cromwell, Oliver, 30 
 
 Daly, T., 45 
 
 Dante, 134 
 
 Darwin, 51 
 
 David, 21, 32, 49 
 
 Dawes, C. G., 136 
 
 Day, 17 
 
 Declaration of Independence, 29, 
 
 123 
 Democracy, 29, 31, 67, 72, 122, 130 
 Democritus, 103 
 Descartes, 41, 109 
 Descents, four, 27 
 De Tocqueville, 61 
 
 Devolution, 19, 79 
 Dies Irae, 134 
 Disraeli, 68 
 Driscoll, 83 
 
 
 Eastern Catholic, 119; Church, 35, 
 41; Empire, 37 
 
 Economic carelessness, 71; condi- 
 tions, 65; opinions, 23; prob- 
 lems, 8 
 
 Education, 7, 16, 17, 25, 51, 52, 73, 
 74, 80, 94, 100, 101, 109, 110, 
 111, 113, 125 
 
 Egypt, 17, 28, 66, 95, 101, 111, 118 
 
 Eichendorff, 69 
 
 Ekaterinburg, 30 
 
 Eliot, George, 48 
 
 Embryo, 17; golden, 17, 114 
 
 Emerson, 117 
 
 Empedocles, 103 
 
 Environment, 16, 25, 48, 85, 87, 100 
 
 Eoanthropians, 80 
 
 Ephesus, 33 
 
 Epicurean, 118 
 
 Era of Enlightened Government, 
 111; Great Righteousness, 111 
 ken, R., 
 
 Eugene, 25 
 
 Eugenics, 25, 32, 33, 46, 100; prin- 
 ciple, 48, 127 
 
 Eugenie of France, 25, 116 
 
 Euphrates, 117 
 
 Eurasian, 53, 86; dogmata, 59 
 
 Europe, 85, 117, 118, 130, 136 
 
 European Relief Committee, 42, 
 124 
 
 Euthenics, 25, 26, 100 
 
 Evolution, 7, 16, 18, 24, 32, 71, 79, 
 83, 85, 100, 120, 127, 132; ame- 
 bic, 22; in America, 84; com- 
 plexities, 7 
 
 Exagium, 36 
 
 Faber, 59 
 
 Faith, 27, 53, 90, 107, 115, 125, 131, 
 132, 133; and morals, 47 
 
 Family, 110; degeneracy, 20; pur- 
 ity, 74; relationships, 55, 121; 
 unit, 51, 127 
 
 Far East, 51; West, 85 
 
 Father, 42, 45, 52, 75, 114 
 
 Federation, 7, 127 
 
 Fetish, 53; -ism, 98 
 
 Finite, 34, 95, 99, 108 
 
Index 
 
 143 
 
 Finley, J., 94 
 
 Fort Orange, 43 
 
 France, 8, 23, 36, 39, 117, 136, 138; 
 
 Republican, 29 
 France, Anatole, 38 
 Franklin, Benjamin, 120, 128 
 Freewill, 19, 71, 132 
 French, 42, 63, 83; language, 64; 
 
 Revolution, 30 
 Freud, 126; Freudians, 49 
 
 Galileo, 41 
 
 Galton, 51 
 
 Garibaldi, 65, 122 
 
 Gay, 91 
 
 George III, 46, 123, 136; Red 
 
 Cross Knight, 126 
 Genius, 117; of Christianity, 39 
 Gentiles, 59, 66, 124, 130 
 Gentoo, 31, 38 
 
 Germ, human, 16; plasm, 16 
 German, 79, 121; Empire, 117; 
 
 136; Fatherland, 23; Lutheran, 
 
 93; literature, 125; thought, 
 
 66 
 Germany, 46, 55, 96, 138 
 Gnostic, 101 
 God, 15, 34, 39, 53, 71, 73, 87, 88, 
 
 89, 90, 93, 99, 101, 114, 116, 
 
 121, 132 
 Godfrey de Bouillon, 35 
 Goethe, 88 
 
 Golden rule, 29, 132, 139 
 Golden Star of Persia, 126 
 Golem, 17, 60 
 Good, 71, 101, 109, 113, 121, 132, 
 
 137; breeding, 25; will, 31, 67, 
 
 130, 136 
 Goth, 17, 30, 96 
 Grace Episcopal Church, 39 
 Grand Coutumier de Normandie, 
 
 63 
 Great Britain, 23, 36, 111, 117 
 Greece, 17, 66, 95 
 Greek, 53, 122; civilization, 17; 
 
 thought, 66 
 Greeks, 38, 45, 46, 95, 103, 118 
 
 Hadrian, 125 
 Hapsburg, 62 
 Harding, W., 72 
 Harmony, 23, 89, 95, 98, 99, 116; 
 of the Spheres, 103 
 
 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 127 
 
 Health administration, 24, 70, 74, 
 101 
 
 Hebraic-Christian, 54, 67, 73; prin- 
 ciples, 58 
 
 Hebrew, 29, 40, 45, 53, 59, 66, 103, 
 118, 130, 138; Father, 127; tra- 
 dition, 17 
 
 Heidelberg man, 80 
 
 "Hel," 30 
 
 Helena, Queen, 36 
 
 Heliocentric universe, 95, 99, 101 
 
 Henley, 93 
 
 Henry VIII, 45, 63, 50 
 
 Heredity, 16, 25, 32, 33, 46 
 
 Herodotus, 66 
 
 Hibben, J., 94 
 
 Hindenburg, 56 
 
 Hindu, 81, 84, 103; era, 17 
 
 Hipparchus, 101 
 
 Hippocrates, 85 
 
 Hippopotamus, 81 
 
 History, 20, 28, 46, 80, 85, 86, 96, 
 107, 120, 129, 132; British, 18; 
 tragic mistakes, 26 
 
 Hohenzollern, 62 
 
 Holy Land, 66; Spirit, 114, 127, 
 129; Wisdom, 37 
 
 Homer, 129 
 
 Homologue, 19, 45 
 
 Honor code, 22, 45, 113 
 
 Hood, 108 
 
 Hoover, H., 58 
 
 Hroswitha, 125 
 
 Huguenots, 44, 123 
 
 Human, 91; nature, 8; race, 7, 48, 
 55, 84, 115, 116, 119, 121, 128 
 
 Hun, 17, 20, 96 
 
 Huss, 132 
 
 Huxley, 95 
 
 Hyperphysics, 98, 108 
 
 Icelanders, 42 
 
 Ideal, 91, 110, 127; sciences, 95 
 
 Idealism, 8, 48, 91 
 
 Incas, 41, 42 
 
 India, 63, 95, 111 
 
 Indians, American, 28 
 
 Infinite, 34, 99, 108 
 
 Ingersoll, R., 19 
 
 Intuition, 71, 89, 94, 108, 109 
 
 Ireland, 8, 30, 63, 111, 117 
 
 Isaac, 60 
 
 Islamboul, 37 
 
144 
 
 Index 
 
 Israel, 32 
 
 Italian, 121; Italy, 23 
 
 Jacob, 25 
 
 Jamestown, Va., 43 
 
 Japan, 66, 111; Japanese opinion, 
 
 122 
 Jaures, J., 55 
 Java, 80, 85, 86 
 Jeanne d'Arc, 32, 132 
 Jehovah, 45 
 
 Jerusalem, 34, 60, 66, 6, 122 
 Jesus, 32, 33, 39, 114, 128, 132 
 Jewett, S., 48 
 
 Jews, American, 68; race, 40 
 Joachim, 32; Prince, 54 
 John, St., 39, 114 
 John I, 28 
 
 Joseph, 32, 39, 114; of Egypt, 125 
 Jowett, 95 
 
 Julian the Apostate, 110 
 Junker, 46, 55 
 Justinian, 37 
 
 Kaiserism, 26, 132 
 
 Kant, 102, 106 
 
 Kepler, 41 
 
 Keynes, 92 
 
 King, H. C, 94 
 
 Knowledge, 86, 90, 113, 131 
 
 Knowles, F. L., 88 
 
 Knox, J., 40 
 
 Korea, 111 
 
 Krell, 132 
 
 Kruger, Oom P., 55 
 
 "Kultur," 26, 56, 85 
 
 La Brea, 86 
 
 La Fontaine, B., 81 
 
 Landen, Battle of, 83 
 
 Lanfranc, Archbishop, 37 
 
 Lansing skull, 86 
 
 Laodicea, 22, 33 
 
 "La Pieta," 58 
 
 Laplace, 100 
 
 Law, 115, 130; of probability, 61, 
 
 86; divine, 133; natural, 8, 
 
 133; oppressive, 124 
 Le Gallienne, R., 82 
 Leoni, C, 59 
 "Leper, The," 57 
 Lessay, 36, 39 
 
 Leyden, 29, 44; Pilgrims, 3, 12 
 Libertinage, 48, 73 
 
 Leibnitz, 41 
 
 Life, 16, 91, 93, 100, 102, 108, 114, 
 121, 131; determiner of, 16; 
 earliest forms, 15; eternal, 89, 
 126; foundation, 49; genera 
 tion, 15; higher, 22; interna 
 tional, 27; national, 7, 27; 
 principle, 74; war, 31. 
 
 Lincoln, 65, 134 
 
 Littre, 110 
 
 Lloyd George, 56, 136 
 
 Lockyer, 100 
 
 Longfellow, 41, 133 
 
 Louis XV, 45; XVI, 54, 132 
 
 Louisiana Territory, 8, 43, 44 
 
 Lowell, Russell, 19, 62 
 
 Luke, 34 
 
 Luther, 134; Lutheran, 55, 122 
 
 Lyra, 23 
 
 Macaulay, 83 
 
 Magna Carta, 28; -Mater, 139 
 
 Maimonides, 68 
 
 Man, 16, 22, 34, 45, 87; antiquity 
 
 of, 86; -like ape, 80; manhood, 
 
 91 
 Marcus Aurelius, 102 
 Marie Antoinette, 
 Markham, 42, 87 
 Mark Twain, 38 
 Mary, 32, 37, 39, 114, 132 
 Mathat, 32 
 Matter, 15, 94, 114 
 Matthan, 32 
 Matthew, 33 
 Mayan stock, 41 
 Mazzini, 111 
 McClure, S., 55 
 McCrae, J., 84 
 Mediterranean, 54; schools of 
 
 thought, 8 
 Melchisedec, 32 
 Mencius, 56 
 Mendel, 26, 51 
 Menu, 17, 33, 114 
 Metaphysics, 94, 95, 97, 98, 108; 
 
 formula, 108 
 Metempsychosis, 79, 83, 
 Meteoritichypothesis, 100 
 Michelangelo, 58, 126 
 Millennium, 52, 60, 70 
 Mind, 26, 74, 101, 114; American, 
 
 130; crown, 39; "stuff," 95 
 Mississippi, 43, 44 
 
 
Index 
 
 145 
 
 Mohammedanism, 34, 40, 60, 118, 
 138 
 
 Mont Saint Michel, 40, 69; and 
 Chartres, 44 
 
 Moral code, 19, 87; education, 24, 
 25, 26, 47, 71, 124; ideals, 57; 
 law, 102; life, 49, 102; philo- 
 sophy, 96; reform, 51; regen- 
 eration, 110; science, 111; 
 standard, 46, 113; worth, 93 
 
 Moran, 130 
 
 Moravian, 8, 123 
 
 Morgenthau, 68 
 
 Morley, Lord, 71, 120 
 
 Moses, 18, 103 
 
 Moslem, 30, 66, 87 
 
 Mother, 20, 27, 45, 25, 46, 52, 63, 
 75, 87, 114, 116, 129; lands, 23 
 
 Moulton, 100 
 
 Multiple connected spaces, 103 
 
 Mysticism, 73, 101 
 
 Neanderthal, 80 
 Nebula, 99; hypothesis, 100 
 Neri, St., 67 
 Nero, 33 
 
 New England, 8, 29; Era, 72 
 Newfoundland, 42, 43 
 Newman, Cardinal, 59 
 Newton, I., 41 
 
 New World, 41, 67, 111, 123; mis- 
 nomer, 85 
 New York, 43, 68, 69, 135 
 Nicholas II, 54, 66, 85, 132 
 Nietzsche, 56, 110 
 
 Old World, 8, 16, 41, 111, 123, 130 
 
 Omar Khayyam, 82 
 
 Omar, Mosque of, 60 
 
 Ordericus Vitalis, 36 
 
 Origen, 32 
 
 Original cause, 21; curse, 19; evil, 
 
 47; purity, 20; sin, 22, 125 
 Orton, 95 
 Oxenstiern, 121 
 
 Paine, T., 3 
 
 Palestine, 66, 68 
 
 Pallen, C. B., 45 
 
 Pappus, 101 
 
 Paraclete, 139 
 
 Parliament of Religions, 122 
 
 Parthenon, 38 
 
 Paul, 22, 32, 33, 52 
 
 Pax Americana, 65 
 
 Pennsylvania, 44 
 
 Periodicity, 61 
 
 Persia, 17 
 
 Pershing, Gen. J. J., 136 
 
 Philo-Judaeus, 32 
 
 Philosophy, 54, 90, 96, 101, 109, 
 
 118, 127; Alexandrian, 17 
 Piltdown, 80 
 Pilgrims, 8, 29, 44 
 Pittacus, 60 
 Plato, 29 
 
 Plymouth, Mass., 44 
 Pope, A., 59 
 Pragmatism, 8, 131 
 Primates, 20, 79, 80, 86 
 Protestant, 40, 122, 127, 130, 138 
 Prescott, 41, 87 
 Prussia, 30 
 Ptolemy, 101 
 
 Puritans, 8, 29, 30, 44, 123 
 Pythagoras, 79, 103 
 
 Quakers, 123 
 Quebec, 43 
 
 Race, 16, 26; knowledge, 9; pre- 
 judice, 29; segregation, 29 
 
 Ratzel, 85 
 
 Reclus, 85 
 
 Redman, 47 
 
 Reformation, 67, 109, 126 
 
 Relativity, 106 
 
 Religio-philosophy, 118 
 
 Religion, 73, 90, 107, 110, 121, 124, 
 128, 131, 137; instinct, 107 
 
 Renan, 39 
 
 Revelation, 86, 89, 94, 108; eugenic, 
 116, 126, 131 
 
 Richelieu, 121 
 
 Robert, the Devil, 37; Lord of 
 Normandy, 36 
 
 Robinson, A., 34 
 
 Romans, 17, 28, '. 
 
 Rome, 34, 122, 125 
 
 Rosminian, 130 
 
 Roosevelt, 102, 113 
 
 Russia, 23, 66, 96, 117, 139; Revo- 
 lution, 30; Soviet, 118 
 
 Russo-Greek, 121, 138 
 
 Sakhra, 17, 32, 38, 60 
 Santayana, 64 
 Sargent, J. S., 58 
 
146 
 
 Index 
 
 Saunders, W., 83 
 Scandinavian, 8, 63, 123 
 
 Science, 7, 17, 20, 28, 46, 52, 54, 71, 
 73, 80, 85, 86, 90, 91, 96, 101, 
 107, 113, 115, 131, 134; Afro- 
 Asiatic, 17; Arabic, 41; Chal- 
 dean, 103; Egyptian, 40; false, 
 33; Greek, 40; pre-Christian, 
 17 
 
 Servetus, 132 
 
 Sex, 23, 49, 52, 92; faithlessness, 
 27; obsession, 49 
 
 Shakespeare, 38, 126 
 
 Shem, 32 
 
 Shintoism, 118 
 
 Single life, 34; marriage code, 42; 
 standard, 21, 35, 37, 38, 45 
 
 Sion, 32; -ism, 60, 68 
 
 Smith, Goldwin, 94 
 
 Solomon, 21 ; 's Temple, 59, 60 
 
 Soul, 75, 88, 101, 114 
 
 Spain, 36; Queen of, 25 
 
 Spencer, H., 115 
 
 Spenser, Edmund, 126 
 
 Spheres, 88, 103 
 
 Spirit, 26, 75, 114, 116, 130, 132 
 
 Star of Bethlehem, 32, 39; David, 
 32, 99 
 
 Star-drift, 19; dross, 15, 83, 99; 
 -fish, 19; matter, 100 
 
 Stoic, 118, 128 
 
 Swinburne, A., 57 
 
 Switzerland, 29 
 
 Tadousac, 43 
 
 Taisho, 111 
 
 Taj Mahal, 38 
 
 Talmud, 87 
 
 Tancred, 35 
 
 Taoism, 118 
 
 Tasso, 35; 61 
 
 Temple, 38; of God, 58, 60, 124, 
 129, 131, 133 
 
 Temple, Archbishop, 51 
 
 Teutonic-Saxon, 45 
 
 Theocracy, 118; autocracy of, 119 
 
 Theology, 90, 109 ; false, 133 ; theo- 
 logians, 49 
 
 Timothy, 22, 33 
 
 Tobias, 55 
 
 Torah, 87, 114 
 
 Trinitarian, 110; Trinity, 39, 87, 
 115, 128 
 
 Turkey, 23, 60, 66, 118; Turks, 37, 
 
 38, 121 
 Tyndall, 97 
 
 Understanding, 34, 97, 98, 107, 113, 
 
 115, 124 
 Unitarian, 39, 59, 91, 110 
 United States, 8, 29, 39, 66, 67, 
 
 117, 122, 130 
 Unity, 51, 87, 92, 97, 123, 135 
 
 Vaughan, 103 
 Vedas, 17, 87 
 Venus, 17 
 Versailles, 92, 93 
 Voltaire, 34, 56, 71, 112 
 
 Wace, 40 
 
 Waterloo, 84 
 
 Watterson, H., 62, 130 
 
 Wells, H., 74, 87 
 
 Welsh, 8; -men, 42; Quakers, 44 
 
 Wesley, J., 51 
 
 Western Catholic Church, 35, 41 
 
 White, Blanco, 104 
 
 Whitman, W., 68 
 
 Wilhelm II, 46, 52, 55, 61, 66, 122 
 
 Wilmington, Del., 44 
 
 Wilson, W., 55, 92 
 
 Will, 26, 74, 137; for good, 67 
 
 William the Conqueror, 18, 63 
 
 Wise, I. M., 52, 69 
 
 Woman, 16, 20, 22, 42, 45, 51, 87, 
 
 91, 138; pursuit of, 74; rights, 
 
 73; sport, 27, 57, 73 
 World, 15; -Church, 58, 119, 121, 
 
 122, 123, 130, 138; -Creed, 123; 
 
 citizenship, 106 ; Conference, 
 
 122; conflict, 26; control, 67; 
 
 domination, 55, 67; educators, 
 
 9; faith, 60, 124; federation, 
 
 120; fellowship, 73; -Mother, 
 
 117, 139; nationalism, 7, 137; 
 
 Parliament of Religions, 122; 
 
 policy, 70, 135; problems, 74; 
 
 relationships, 38; -School, 126; 
 
 thought, 137; unification, 8; 
 
 unity, 136; -War, 8, 31, 46, 
 
 66, 67, 74, 84, 118, 
 Wyclif, 132 
 
 Yigdal, 59 
 
 Zarathrustra, 126 
 
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